According to the report, there have been 555 reported measles cases this year in the US as of last Thursday, which is 183 more than last year's total. By the end of the year, the number of measles cases in the US could come close to the tally reported 25 years ago in 1994: 963 cases. The highest number of reported cases since 2000 was 667 in 2014, according to the CDC.
The states that have reported measles cases to the CDC include Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Texas and Washington, bringing the total number of US states affected to 20.
According to the CDC, measles is a very contagious virus that lives in the nose and throat mucus of infected individuals. It can be transmitted to others through coughing and sneezing. The virus can be prevented with the MMR vaccine, which also protects against mumps (a viral infection that affects the salivary glands) and rubella (also a viral infection that is identified by its distinctive red rash).
According to the report, there were 17 measles outbreaks in 2018, mostly in New York state, New York City and New Jersey. The majority of those cases occurred among unvaccinated people in Orthodox Jewish communities and were disseminated through travelers who caught the disease in Israel.
On Monday, the World Health Organization (WHO) also released a report stating that the number of reported global cases of measles has increased by 300 percent in the first few months of 2019, in comparison to the same period of time last year.
Outbreaks are currently occurring in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Madagascar, Myanmar, the Philippines, Sudan, Thailand and Ukraine.
In Madagascar, one of the poorest nations in the world, an outbreak began in September 2018, and at least 117,075 cases of the disease have been reported by the nation's health ministry as of last month.
Many of those suffering from the deadly epidemic in Madagascar are forced to walk miles to reach understaffed and under-funded clinics which routinely must turn them away with only advice, Sputnik previously reported.


text:
Q: PHP & MySQL form question How do I allow all users to have their username field empty without having them need to enter a username when they submit the form using PHP and MySQL?
Here is part my PHP and MySQL code.
$username = mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli, $purifier->purify(htmlentities(strip_tags($_POST['username']))));

if(isset($_POST['username'])) {
    // Make sure the username address is available:
    $u = "SELECT *
          FROM users
          WHERE username  = '$username'
          AND user_id <> '$user_id'";
    $r = mysqli_query ($mysqli, $u) or trigger_error("Query: $q\n
MySQL Error: " . mysqli_error($mysqli));

    if (mysqli_num_rows($r) == TRUE) { // Unavailable.
        echo '
Your username is unavailable!
';
        $username = NULL;
    } else if(mysqli_num_rows($r) == 0) { // Available.
        $username = mysqli_real_escape_string($mysqli, $purifier->purify(htmlentities(strip_tags($_POST['username']))));
    }
}

A: This should do the trick: <input type="hidden" name="username" value="somevalue"/>.

A: if
You did not want to fill your name in form then use hidden fied then use hidden field

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
CJEU Judgment: Case C-403/16 El Hassani, 13 December 2017
On 13 December 2017, the CJEU delivered its ruling in case C-403/16 El Hassani. The main proceedings concerned a Moroccan national who submitted an application for a Schengen visa to the Consul of the Republic of Poland in Rabat in order to visit his wife and son who are Polish nationals. The application and the subsequent request for review were rejected on the ground of a lack of certainty as to Mr El Hassani's intention to leave Poland before the visa expired. Following an unsuccessful appeal before the Regional Administrative Court, Mr El Hassani brought an appeal in cassation before the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland, who then asked the CJEU to clarify whether the Visa Code, read in the light of Article 47 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR EU), requires Member States to provide for a judicial appeal against a visa refusal.
First, the CJEU advanced that the EU legislature left to the Member States the task of deciding the nature and specific conditions of the remedies available to visa applicants. However, national procedural autonomy is subject to the principles of equivalence and effectiveness necessary to ensure judicial protection of an individual's rights under EU law, which is for the referring court to assess. Moreover, the CJEU affirmed that the CFR EU is applicable where a Member State adopts a decision refusing to issue a visa under Article 32(1) of the Visa Code. Article 47 CFR EU requires that a decision of an administrative authority that does not itself satisfy the conditions of independence and impartiality must be subject to subsequent control by a judicial body that must, in particular, have jurisdiction to consider all the relevant issues. Therefore, it follows that Article 47 CFR EU requires the Member States to guarantee, at a certain stage of the proceedings, the possibility to bring the case concerning a final decision refusing a visa before a court.
This item was reproduced with the permission of ECRE from the weekly ELENA legal update supported by the Fundamental Rights and Citizenship Funding Programme and distributed by email. The purpose of these updates is to inform asylum lawyers and legal organizations supporting asylum seekers and refugees of recent developments in the field of asylum law. Please note that the information provided is taken from publicly available information on the internet. Every reasonable effort is made to make the content accurate and up to date at the time each item is published but no responsibility for its accuracy and correctness, or for any consequences of relying on it, is assumed by ECRE, the IRC or its partners.
Effective remedy (right to)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Essay New Testament Studies
No Comments on Understanding the Praetorium of Philippians 1:13
ABSTRACT: Paul understood Praetorium as the Imperial Guard centralized in Rome, not a palace or building.
Praetorium as a Building
Flaws of the Palace View
Praetorium as the Imperial Guard
Praetorium, Provenance, and Purpose
Key to understanding the provenance and purpose of Philippians is one historical term. This single word can potentially altar the reader's exegesis of Paul's inspired epistle. Philippians 1:13 contains this Pauline anomaly, praetorium, "so that it has become known throughout the whole praetorium and to everyone else that my imprisonment is for Christ." The term, often translated as "palace guard," "imperial guard," or "governor's palace," is, "one of the cruxes of this letter and impinges on the question of Paul's location at the time of writing."[1] More specifically, "the (Greek) phrase ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ, "among the whole imperial guard," uses πραιτώριον, a loanword from the Latin praetorium."[2] If praetorium specifies the Praetorian Guard – the Roman emperor's personal, elite soldiers – the provenance of Paul's first imprisonment in Rome can be affirmed.[3] Along with a mention of "the saints of Caesar's household" in Philippians 4:22, the reference to praetorium in 1:13 sufficiently refutes theories that Paul's correspondence with Philippi originated from Ephesus or Caesarea Maritima. But this task is more than a mere academic exercise, for great theological weight rests upon the traditional rendering of praetorium, as used in this thoroughly Roman epistle.
In order to assert a non-Rome provenance, one must argue praetorium refers to a building (henceforth the "palace view"). This paper will explicate the dissenting palace view before revealing its flaws, and offering the "imperial guard" position as far more theologically, historically, and biblically consistent. Finally, it will be shown how one's understanding of this single term affects his interpretation of Philippians as a Christian hortatory letter of friendship.[4]
The ongoing debate over the provenance of Paul's prison epistles, and thus Philippians, is crucial for identifying bias in one's interpretation of Philippians 1:13. If one assumes a Roman provenance, Paul's use of praetorium is best translated "imperial guard". Yet any other theory of provenance essentially and necessarily limits praetorium to designate a royal building. Keener explains, "Some commentators have suggested that "palace" or "praetorium" here may refer to a provincial governor's residence, such as the place of Paul's detention in Caesarea (Acts 23:35)."[5] By this reckoning, praetorium must be understood as a metonym, "The phrase ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ signals a metonym, a spatial descriptor to indicate the people (τοῖς λοιποῖς πάσιν) who had access to the πραιτώριον."[6]
Those arguing for the palace view understand praetorium as being used broadly in the Julio-Claudian period. It must be acknowledged that praetorium has a wide lexical range, with abounding extra-biblical evidence of its usage. It originally denoted a general's tent or his staff or council.[7] Subsequently, the term was variously adapted to signify the residence of a provincial governor, a pleasure villa, official road-side rest-house, or emperor's residence.[8] In a permanent fort, praetorium was distinguished from the principia – with the former designating the commander's house and the latter a headquarters building.[9] Aside from this diversity of possible designations regarding physical buildings, praetorium, "is also regularly used for the forces or services of the Praetorian Prefect."[10]
Recognizing the extra biblical data, one must give even greater credence to the canonical context of Scripture. How did the New Testament authors understand and utilize πραιτώριον? Those ascribing to the palace view conclude Paul's usage of πραιτώριον in Phil 1:13 mimics Luke's designation of the same term in Acts 23:35. In this Lukan text, πραιτώριον clearly refers to the residence of a provincial governor. Taking Acts 23:35 plainly, Luke clearly relates that Paul is facing an impending trial before Felix, who, "(gave) orders for him to be kept in Herod's Praetorium." Here the Latin loan word πραιτώριον is used in the dative πραιτωρίῳ, being the subject of the possessive genitive τοῦ Ἡρῴδου, thus the reading "πραιτωρίῳ τοῦ Ἡρῴδου." Seven of the eight uses of πραιτώριον in the New Testament are similarly translated into English as the subject of a possessive not specified in the Greek, "the governor's headquarters" (Mt 27:27; Mk 15:16; Jn 18:28 NASB, ESV), "his headquarters" (Jn 18:33, Jn 19:19 NASB, ESV). Suffice it to say that seven of the eight uses of πραιτώριον in the New Testament indisputably reference a building. This leaves Philippians 1:13 as the only anomalous usage and sole instance within Paul's letters.
If the palace view of πραιτώριον is to be accepted in Philippians 1:13, very little limitation can be offered regarding provenance for Paul's letter. One may posit any locale within the Roman Empire – assuming the praetorium represented some administrative subsection of a complex or building. Those functioning within a "headquarters building" would necessarily be tied to a provincial government role, owing to another significant verse, Philippians 4:22, "All the saints greet you, especially those of Caesar's household."[11] Paul's reference to Caesar's household (τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας), so often linked to 1:13, certainly refers to the familia Caesaris.[12] If Paul's location is understood as static during his penning of Philippians, the praetorium and "those of Caesar's household" must be understood as existing in the same municipality.
Where the palace view is espoused, it is commonly suggested that slaves and freedmen within Caesar's household were spread throughout the empire. These individuals would be serving governmental functions – and thus necessarily tied to a Roman praetorium building.[13] Interestingly, only a Roman provenance for Paul's Epistle is untenable where πραιτώριον is understood as a palace. Lightfoot explains, "While 'prætorium' is a frequent designation of splendid villas, whether of the emperors or others, away from Rome, the imperial residence on the Palatine is not once so called. Indeed the word seems to have suggested to a Roman the idea of a country seat… In Rome itself, prætorium would not have been tolerated."[14] In other words, praetoriums such as those at Jerusalem (Mt 27:27; Mk 15:16; Jn 18:28, Jn 18:33, Jn 19:19) and Caesarea (Acts 23:35) were the seats of local rulers who derived their power from the emperor. The imperial residence on Palatine Hill in Rome would not be equated with headquarters located elsewhere in the empire.
Of secondary significance to the palace argument is Colossians 4:10–15, wherein Paul lists an extensive group of helpers alongside him in his imprisonment. As a prison epistle, this letter is thought to have the same provenance as Philippians. Scholars have thus questioned how a detained Paul could have such an abundance of assistance while imprisoned. Due to this circumstance, some have concluded that Paul was imprisoned in Asia or Syria-Palestine (specifically Ephesus or Caesarea Maritima).[15] Either provenance would certainly explain the large number of coworkers, given Paul's ministries in both locales. Paul simply did not have the same influence in Rome.[16] In addition, Paul was imprisoned in Caesarea for two years (cf. Acts 24:27) and held perhaps his most impactful, personal Asian ministry at Ephesus (see Acts 20:17–38).
Several critical assumptions must be made to hold the palace view of praetorium in Philippians 1:13 and the associated conclusion of non-Roman provenance. It should be stated at the outset that a wide variety of scholars adopt this non-traditional view, including some conservative scholars who affirm biblical reliability.[17] Nevertheless, it bears mentioning that dismissal of Roman provenance, and thus the imperial guard conclusion, commonly stems from source-critical biases. More specifically, a rejection of congruity between the undisputed Pauline Epistles and Acts (as well as the pastoral epistles) is typically assumed.[18] While this certainly does not represent every scholar asserting non-traditional provenance, it's often critical scholars who have no desire to synthesize all the new Testament data.
A timeline considering Acts and the Pastorals suggests two Roman imprisonments. In contrast to this orthodox assumption, many critical scholars deny that Paul ever made it to Rome.[19] It remains to be shown that a synthesis considering all 27 New Testament books as of equal historical value presupposes a Roman imprisonment that best fits Paul's bondage as described in Philippians. Here it will prove beneficial to briefly relay the orthodox, traditional timeline of Paul's arrival in Rome.
In Acts, Luke recorded the life and ministry of Paul as essentially progressing toward his ultimate imprisonment in Rome. After three missionary journeys, Paul set his mind on Jerusalem – understanding he would be persecuted and arrested (cf. Acts 20:22–23). The Apostle was indeed arrested in Jerusalem, and would then spend two years in custody at Caesarea Maritima (cf. Acts 24:22–27). Because of his appeal to Caesar, Paul assures a capital trial in Rome (Acts 25:11; 26:32; 28:19). The Apostle then finds himself under house arrest in the capital city, "And when we came into Rome, Paul was allowed to stay by himself, with the soldier who guarded him," (Acts 28:16). Luke further records that Paul was "wearing a chain" (cf. 28:20). And finally, Acts ends abruptly with Paul still imprisoned, "He lived there two whole years at his own expense, and welcomed all who came to him, proclaiming the kingdom of God and teaching about the Lord Jesus Christ with all boldness and without hindrance," (28:30–31).
Since critical scholars largely reject this narrative, they feel no obligation to factor in a Roman imprisonment in Paul's timeline. Acts 28 in particular is often rejected as spurious.[20] Without being bound to correlate Acts 28 with Philippians 1:13 and 4:22, these scholars simply suggest a different provenance that concurs with Paul's self-testimony in the undisputed letters. This is especially prevalent in the prominent offering of Ephesus as the place of writing, which is more easily concluded without Luke's testimony. Alternatively, the less commonly held Caesarea Maritima provenance finds corroboration with Paul's two-year imprisonment found in Acts 24. Since scholarship appears to be moving toward Ephesian/Asian provenance, this view will be considered over others.[21] The historical reliability of the New Testament will heretofore be assumed.
Ephesian provenance for Philippians is lacking in several key respects. To start, the Acts narrative relates two instances where Paul was imprisoned for a sufficient period of time to account for his language in the Macedonian letter. Paul's suffering and imprisonment are central themes in Philippians. Paul expresses his situation repeatedly by the phrase "δεσμούς μου" (Lit. "my chains"); in Philippians 1 vv. 7, 13, 14, and 17; "in my imprisonment," "my imprisonment is for Christ," "by my imprisonment," "afflict me in my imprisonment." It's widely acknowledged that Paul is awaiting a capital trial while writing this, as his life-or-death language makes clear (cf. 1:19–25).
These verses alone correlate well with the house arrest situation of Acts 28. Luke records Paul himself describing his first Roman imprisonment as, "τὴν ἅλυσιν ταύτην περίκειμαι (lit. "wearing this chain"). There is striking similarity between Paul's bondage in Philippians and that of Luke's Acts 28 narrative. Luke's account further specifies that Paul's bondage took place in "his own hired dwelling" wherein he "welcomed all who came to him" (Acts 28:30). This bears a striking correlation with Paul's successful prison ministry detailed in Philippians 1:13 and 4:22. If it can be shown that Philippians 1:13 and 4:22 are best explained by a Roman provenance, the correlations go even deeper.
Paul in Philippians 1:13 recorded his successful witness to the Praetorium, who, if understood to be the imperial guard, are also apart of Caesar's household (4:22). Further, it has been noted that based on a less reliable textual tradition, Acts 28:16, "Paul was allowed to stay by himself, with the soldier who guarded him," speaks specifically of a soldier within the praetorian guard.[22] Even if the textual variant is rejected, the current reading of Acts does not preclude that this soldier was a part of the Praetorium. Both the Lukan and Pauline texts bear significant similarities and no major diverging details. The wholistic narrative unity of Acts and Philippians must therefore be maintained. The student of Scripture should presuppose unity within the text, rather than dismissing certain books, chapters, or verses that don't fit an arbitrary or presupposed narrative. Holloway rightly dismisses the Ephesian provenance theory as the work of redaction critics.[23] Further, to suggest Paul faced a drawn-out imprisonment in Ephesus, while awaiting a capital trial, dismisses the biblical witness which would suggest otherwise.[24]
Another weakness of the palace view lies in the grammar of Philippians 1:13 and 14. Holloway contends,
The whole expression reads ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς πᾶσιν, "in the whole πραιτώριον and all the rest," where "and all the rest," given Paul's usage elsewhere, is most naturally interpreted as a reference not to other buildings but to other personnel, something like "and everyone else." This would imply that πραιτώριον similarly is a reference to personnel. This interpretation makes excellent sense of 1:14, where Paul continues, "and the majority of the brothers in the Lord, etc." Taken together, vv. 13–14 would then describe the effect of Paul's imprisonment first on persons outside the church (v. 13) and then on persons inside (v. 14).[25]
Those "outside the church" are best understood as Romans within this same circle as the praetorium, who were forced to accompany Paul. Therefore, καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς πάσιν must be more closely linked to ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ in Philippians 1:13. The second phrase, "all the rest" necessarily precludes the palace view of praetorium.[26] Paul clearly speaks of personnel, not buildings here. To be sure, this accords with the central thrust of his letter – that even through trials and chains, the Gospel was still advancing to the top echelons of society. If praetorium here is not understood as metonymy, the connected phrase "all the rest" would be rendered unintelligible. One could scarcely imagine the Gospel writers or Luke utilizing this phrase in conjunction with Herod's Palace, for example. As will be argued in defense of the imperial guard view of praetorium, Philippians 4:22 is central to understanding the present text.
Lightfoot has most convincingly defended the position that Praetorium, as utilized in Philippians 1:13, signifies a body of men.[27] He argues, "…more frequently it denotes the prætorian regiments, the imperial guards. This in fact is the common use of the term."[28] Evidence of this common usage abounds in Latin inscriptions and literature.[29] One early Greek example utilizing the Latin loaner word is found in Josephus, "…and the very emperor's guards seemed under the like fear and disorder with private persons, the band called pretorian, which was the purest part of the army, was in consultation what was to be done at this juncture."[30] Latin historians from Tacitus to Pliny similarly appropriated this word.[31]
This imperial guard was first established by Augustus in Rome and adjacent municipalities.[32] Tiberius would then bring all these elite soldiers to Rome, giving them a permeant camp.[33] The praetorians were well paid, highly respected, and influential.
Grammatically, the use of "all the rest" makes little sense alongside a translation rendering preatorium as "the governor's headquarters."[34] If the palace view is to be followed, the translation of Philippians 1:13 must be rendered, "So that is had become known throughout the whole governor's headquarters and to all the rest…" At best this leaves tremendous ambiguity in identifying the broad, undefinable "all the rest". Again, if "governor's headquarters" is taken as a metonym, the phrasing would still be awkward and unnatural.[35] Taking this position would also divorce Philippians 1:13 from 4:22, verses that are better understood in harmony. To be sure, one could not confidently assert that those in a provincial governor's headquarters belonged to Caesar's household. When the letter is understood holistically and interpreted as a single unit, Paul's appeal to a far-reaching Roman ministry best stratifies the textual evidence. Caesar's personal, imperial soldiers, with about 9,000 total in Rome, would be given the task of defending Paul – who was awaiting a high profile capital trial (1:13).[36] These elite bodyguards would by necessity belong to Caesar's household (4:22),
They were the emperor's elite bodyguard under the praetorian prefect. Viewed as clients of the emperor (thus part of his household), they were kept loyal with the highest pay in the Roman military; they were also kept loyal by the leadership of a prefect who could never legally become emperor (being a knight rather than a senator).[37]
Holloway offers one final clue for the present conclusion, "The hyperbolic rhetoric of 1:13—"in the whole πραιτώριον and all the rest," where both "whole" and "all" are emphatic by position—also supports a reference to the Imperial Guard, which by this time was at least six thousand. Roman governors, on the other hand, typically had relatively small staffs."[38] The impact of Paul's language, which serves to emphasize his successful Gospel ministry in Rome, would be dulled if Praetorium refers to a colonial palace.
Michael Flexsenhar's conclusion that Paul was too unimportant a prisoner to warrant tying up Nero's most valuable bodyguards must be rejected at this point. This conclusion is simply conjecture, that again undermines Acts and the historical realities of Paul's movement, the Flexsenhar, Michael. "The Provenance of Philippians and Why It Matters: Old Questions, New Approaches1." Journal for the study of the New Testament 42, no. 1 (September 2019): 18–45.radical Jewish opposition he faced, and his opportunity to defend himself before Felix, Festus, Herod Agrippa, and Bernice. (Acts 24–26).[39] Paul certainly caused great tension within the Empire, and especially in the notoriously volatile Judea. And even the waves of this far-reaching ministry were subsumed under the far greater Christ-movement. Ultimately, even Flexsenhar admits some prisoners were worthy of being guarded by the Empire's most elite.[40] He just doesn't consider Paul important enough, or his trail significant enough, to enjoy the emperor's involvement. This judgement call is far too subjective and arbitrary, without any real methodology offered for how the emperor may have allocated his praetorian guard. Addressing Acts 25:11–12, F. F. Bruce emphatically concludes, "Having made his appeal to the emperor, Paul was the emperor's prisoner (although he preferred to think of himself as "the prisoner of Christ Jesus"), and while he waited for his case to be heard, he "was allowed to live by himself, with a soldier to guard him" (Acts 28:16)."[41]
Numismatology has also helped scholars better understand Rome's relation to Philippi and the colony's experience with the Praetorium. The existence of the Praetorian guard is witnessed on coinage dating to the time of Claudius or Nero. The editors of RPC have dated RPC 1651 to the time of these Julio-Claudian, emperors based on metallurgical studies.[42] This coin, which commemorates Augustus' victory over Mark Antony at the battle of Actium in 31 BC, has the reverse legend COHOR PRAE PHIL for "Cohort Praetorium Philippi".[43] It's been suggested that Augustus himself sent retired praetorian guards to Philippi, a province quickly becoming a haven for veterans.[44] RPC 1651 thus affirms that Philippi was aware of the Praetorium in the time of Paul, when these coins were in circulation. It has additionally been suggested that the coin itself celebrates Augustus', "settlement at Philippi of a cohort of praetorians when he refounded the colony in 30 BCE."[45] If this coin was indeed minted during the reign of Claudius, as all evidence seems to suggest, Paul's reference to the imperial guard in Philippians 1:13 takes on incredible significance. Burnett states in RPC, "The types of the larger presumably refer to the battle of Actium (VIC AVG) and the settlement of veterans from the praetorian cohort at Philippi (COHOR PRAE PHIL)."[46]
With RPC 1651 circulating in Paul's time, the Philippians present in Macedonia would be familiar with the Latin inscriptions and imagery on their coins. They would transact daily with these very pieces of copper, seeing the clear inscription Praetoria and acknowledging its relation to Philippi. One might conclude this is exactly why Paul uses the terminology of "the whole Praetorium" in Philippians 1:13.[47]Any suggestion that this coin, fraught with the imagery of war banners and Victoria, refers to an administrative palace must be rejected. It is far more likely that the Philippians understood Praetoria, the Latin loan word for Praetorium, to mean the imperial guard. Holloway concludes, "It not only dates the striking of the coin close to the time of Paul's letter but, more importantly, attests to Philippi's continuing pride in its praetorian foundations, a fact that Paul, now a prisoner of the Guard, would presumably to be alluding to."[48]
Vincent summarizes the imperial guard position of Philippians 1:13 thusly, "The unquestionable fact that 'prætorium' was used to denote the prætorian guard makes it unnecessary to assume that the apostle in this passage refers to any place, and furnishes a simple explanation and one entirely consistent with the narrative in Acts 28."[49] The coherence of Paul's imprisonment narrative under the watch of imperial guards best synthesizes the biblical data. It must lastly be shown why alternate understandings of praetorium provenance are untenable. Bo Reicke convincingly argues that, "the word (πραιτώριον) was not used for the personnel of a governor either in Greek or in Latin."[50] This would severely handicap the conclusion that πραιτώριον is simply a metonym, applicable to a wide range of administrative or provincial personnel. Regarding 1:13 potentially speaking of Ephesus, Reicke further states that the governor of Ephesus was a proconsul, not a propraetor.[51] The author also rejects a Caesarean provenance, stating, "Auxiliary troops under the supervision of the procurator were stationed here (Caesarea), but none of the élite soldiers of the praetorium."[52]
Although scholarship is far from a consensus on the matter, there's sufficient reason to conclude Paul wrote Philippians from Rome. Some of the earliest attestations to Roman Province include that of the Marcionite Prologues, "According to the Prologues, Paul wrote to the Colossians from Ephesus, already in chains (iam ligatus), and to the Philippians from prison in Rome."[53] Concurring with this conclusion are Philippians 1:13 and 4:22, as detailed above. While it's certainly true that Paul's proximity to the praetorian guard tells us something about provenance, it's also significant what an assumed Roman provenance tells us about the praetorium. Indeed, if Paul was writing from Rome, the reader can better understand his purpose in mentioning the Praetorium at all. Surely great significance must be ascribed to Paul's claim of evangelizing some of the Roman Empire's most elite and powerful individuals. This is absolutely crucial to the main contentions and intentions of this apostolic letter. Paul's witness to the imperial guard, who were included in Caesar's household, highlighted his focus on heavenly citizenship, joy amidst suffering, and a radical gospel focus.
Philippi's history as a Roman colony, and even its founding under Philip II of Macedonia, all highlight the military foundations of this colony. From Macedonia to Julio-Claudain Rome, some of the world's most powerful leaders purposefully packed Philippi with significant military figures – including soldiers from the Praetorian guard. And Rome was especially generous in granting this Macedonian colony the title and benefits of Roman citizenship. That Paul wrote from Rome itself, the heartbeat of Philippi and her citizens, thus carries significant importance.
Reicke comments, "The Roman capital also provides the background for those images used by Paul in Philippians which refer to the political realm. This is true in the case of the exhortation to a worthy evangelical behaviour as a citizen (πολιτεύεσθε, Phil. 1:27), as well as of the reference concerning the true, heavenly commonwealth (πολίτευμα, 3:20)."[54] The Philippians understood who Paul was as a Roman citizen, imprisoned for the gospel.[55] Paul was willing to suffer all things for the Gospel. His allegiance was not to Rome, but to Christ. Paul was a citizen of heaven. This message, which Paul calls the Philippians to emulate (3:17), becomes all the more powerful given Paul's situation in Rome, under the praetorium. The Apostle evangelized even Rome's most elite soldiers, the empire's top citizens. The proud Romans citizens of Philippi would have recognized Paul's courage, drive, and submission to God's will. As is apparent by their coinage, the Philippians were fully aware of the praetorian guard. It was a source of pride, in that the praetorium was the progenitor of their own Roman identity in many ways.
Regarding joy and suffering, Paul faced unjust trial and restrictive imprisonment in the kingdom he rightfully belonged to. The Apostle was able to confidently assert, 21 For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain" (Phil. 1:21). He saw even his chains as an opportunity to reach others with the gospel, that "most of the brothers, having become confident in the Lord by my imprisonment, are much more bold to speak the word without fear" (v. 1:14). The Christians in Philippi were facing the same persecution under the same Roman yoke, "For it has been granted to you that for the sake of Christ you should not only believe in him but also suffer for his sake, engaged in the same conflict that you saw I had and now hear that I still have" (vv. 1:29–30). Undoubtedly the Philippians, within the context of their thoroughly Roman colony, faced persecution by Pagan Romans.[56] Yet there was hope. God sovereignly planned to use even Paul's suffering for His glory, evidenced by the Apostle's incredible opportunity to witness to Rome's elite,
"It is in this light that the Philippians would hear Paul's triumphant note about the whole Praetorian Guard—the emperor's own select troops—coming to know about the gospel through Paul's imprisonment. So also with the final word of the letter (before the concluding grace-benediction), "all the saints (in Rome) greet you, especially those who belong to Caesar's household"—who themselves join you in saying "Jesus is Lord." The gospel, with its proclamation of a heavenly Lord who had become the incarnate Savior, had penetrated the household of the (merely earthly) Roman "lord and savior," who stands ultimately behind "the same struggle" both Paul and the Philippians are currently experiencing."[57]
Much would be lost if praetorium in Philippians 1:13 is not understood as the emperor's personal guard, centralized in Rome. Paul's gospel appeals, empathetic statements, and focus on heavenly citizenship would be deprived of their personal force. Further, the Apostle's permeating appeal to the struggles and benefits of life as Roman citizens would be lost if an Asian or Syria-Palestinian provenance is asserted. Ultimately, Paul's desire for this unique letter – a Christian hortatory letter of friendship – would become far less clear if God was not truly using the Apostle's suffering to reach the highest levels of Rome.[58] Reciprocal, empathetic motifs of friendship are what pervade this epistle. Paul encourages his Philippian friends as fellow Christians, not fellow Romans, by showing how God had placed him before even "Caesar's household" and "the imperial guard." All this was to advance the Gospel as a worthy citizen of heaven.
[1] Gordon D. Fee, Paul's Letter to the Philippians, The New International Commentary on the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1995), 113.
[2] Mark J. Keown, Philippians, Evangelical Exegetical Commentary, ed. H. Wayne House, W. Hall Harris III, and Andrew W. Pitts (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2017), 190.
[3] This is the conclusion most notably defended by Lightfoot. Commenting on Philippians 1:13, he noted, "'throughout the prætorian guard,' i.e. the soldiers composing the imperial regiments. This seems to be the best supported meaning of πραιτώριον." Joseph Barber Lightfoot, Saint Paul's Epistle to the Philippians, Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London: Macmillan and Co., 1913), 88.
[4] Fee, Paul's Letter to the Philippians, 32.
[5] Craig S. Keener, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993), Php 1:13.
[6] Michael Flexsenhar, "The Provenance of Philippians and Why It Matters: Old Questions, New Approaches," Journal for the study of the New Testament 42, no. 1 (September 2019), 36.
[7] Ian Archibald Richmond, "Praetorium" in The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd ed, ed. N. G. L. Hammond and H. H. Sculland (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970), 874.
[11] Flexsenhar, "The Provenance of Philippians," 19.
[14] Lightfoot, Saint Paul's Epistle to the Philippians, 100.
[15] See Michael J. Hugh for Ephesian provenance view: Michael, J. Hugh, The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians, The Moffatt New Testament Commentary, ed. James Moffatt (London: Hodder and Stroughton, 1928). And Gerald Hawthorne for the Caesarean Provenance view: Gerald F Hawthorne and Ralph P. Martin, Philippians, Rev. ed. (Word Biblical Commentary 43. Dallas: Word Books, 2004), 43–44.
[16] Paul first arrived in Rome c. 60 AD for his first imprisonment. Although he had not previously ministered in Rome, a church was already established there (Acts 28:14–15).
[17] See Hugh, Philippians, 1:13 and Hawthorne, Philippians, 43–44.
[18] Michael Flexsenhar, "The Provenance of Philippians and Why It Matters: Old Questions, New Approaches," Journal for the study of the New Testament 42, no. 1 (September 2019): 18–45.
[22] Paul A. Holloway, Philippians: A Commentary, ed. Adela Yarbro Collins, Hermeneia—A Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2017), 21.
[26] Lightfoot, Philippians, 99-101.
[27] Ibid., 101–102.
[30] Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, trans. William Whiston (Project Gutenberg, 2001), 19.3.1.
[31] Lightfoot, Philippians, 102.
[32] Marvin Richardson Vincent, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistles to the Philippians and to Philemon, International Critical Commentary (New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1897), 16–17.
[34] See note under "Flaws of the Palace View" above.
[35] Ben Witherington III, Paul's Letter to the Philippians: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Company, 2011), 79.
[37] Craig S. Keener, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993), Php 1:13.
[38] Holloway, Philippians, 22–23.
[39] Flexsenhar, "The Provenance of Philippians," 18–45.
[41] F. F. Bruce, Philippians, Understanding the Bible Commentary Series (Peabody, MA: Baker Books, 2011), 41.
[42] A. Burnett, M. Amandry, P.P. Ripolles, Roman Provincial Coinage, vol. I (The Julio-Claudians) (London: British Museum Press, 1992), 308.
[44] Theodore John Cadoux, "Philippi" in The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd ed, ed. N. G. L. Hammond and H. H. Sculland (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970), 816.
[45] Holloway, Philippians, 88.
[49] Marvin Richardson Vincent, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistles to the Philippians and to Philemon, International Critical Commentary (New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1897), 52.
[50] Bo Reicke, "Caesarea, Rome, and the Captivity Epistles," Apostolic History and the Gospel: Biblical and Historical Essays Presented to F.F. Bruce, ed. W. Ward Gasque & Ralph P. Martin (Exeter: The Paternoster Press, 1970), 284.
[53] Niles Dahl, "The Origin of the Earliest Prologues to the Pauline Letters," Semeia 12: The Poetics of Faith, Part 1: Rhetoric, Eschatology, and Ethics in the New Testament (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 1978), 246.
[54] Reicke, Caesarea, 285.
[55] After being wrongfully beaten and imprisoned in Philippi, Paul asserted his privilege as a Roman citizen (cf. Acts 16:37). This displays Paul's understanding of the prerogatives of Roman Citizenship and longstanding willingness to face injustice for the Kingdom. Further, the Philippian official's response speaks to their understanding and respect of Roman citizenship (cf. Acts 16:38–39).
[56] As opposed to the common persecution from Jews, who had a miniscule presence in Philippi (cf. Acts 16).
[57] Fee, Paul's Letter to the Philippians, 32.
[58] Ibid. 34.
Backgrounds, Surveys, and Introductions
DeSilva, David Arthur. An Introduction to the New Testament: Contexts, Methods & Ministry Formation. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004.
Keener, Craig S. The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament. 2nd ed. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2014.
Köstenberger, Andreas J., L. Scott Kellum, and Charles L. Quarles. The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament. 2nd ed. Nashville: B&H Publishing Group, 2016.
Carson, D. A. and Douglas J. Moo. An Introduction to the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2005.
Magie, David. Roman Rule in Asia Minor to the End of the Third Century after Christ. 2 Vols. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950.
Concordances, Dictionaries, and Encyclopedias
Elwell, Walter A. Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology. Baker Reference Library. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1996.
––––––. Evangelical Dictionary of Theology. 2nd ed. Baker Reference Library. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 2001.
Freedman, David Noel. Anchor Bible Dictionary. 6 Vols. 1st ed. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
Silva, Moisés, ed. New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology and Exegesis. 5 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2014.
Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Edited by Frederick William Danker. Translated by William Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
Blass, Friedrich, and Albert Debrunner. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated by Robert W. Funk. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.
Hammond, N. G. L. and H. H. Sculland. The Oxford Classical Dictionary. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.
Hornblower, Simon, Anthony Spawforth, and Esther Eidinow. The Oxford Classical Dictionary. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Hawthorne, Gerald F and Ralph P. Martin. Philippians. Rev. ed. Word Biblical Commentary 43. Dallas: Word Books, 2004.
Lightner, Robert P. "Philippians." The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures 2. Edited by John F. Walvoord and Roy B. Zuck. Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985.
Bruce, F. F. Philippians. Understanding the Bible Commentary. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2011.
Bruce F. F. The Books of Acts. New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988.
Melick, Richard R. Jr. "Philippians, Colossians, Philemon." The New American Commentary 32. Edited by David S. Dockery. Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1991.
Polhill, John B. "Acts." The New American Commentary 26. Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1992.
Reumann, John. Philippians. Anchor Yale Bible 33B. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.
Fitzmyer, Joseph A. The Acts of the Apostles. Anchor Yale Bible 31. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.
Hansen, G. Walter. The Letter to the Philippians. Pillar New Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009.
Anders, Max. Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians & Colossians. Holman New Testament Commentary. Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1999.
Silva, Moisés. Philippians. Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1992.
Bock, Darrell L. Acts. Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2007.
Martin, Ralph T. Philippians. Tyndale New Testament Commentary 11. Edited by Leon Morris. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1987.
Marshall, I. Howard. Acts. Tyndale New Testament Commentary 5. Edited by Leon Morris. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980.
MacArthur, John. Philippians: The MacArthur New Testament Commentary. MacArthur New Testament Commentary. Chicago: Moody Publishers, 2001.
Metzger, Bruce M. A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. 2nd ed. German Bible Society: Stuttgart, 1994.
Fee, Gordon D. Paul's Letter to the Philippians. New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.
Witherington III, Ben. Paul's Letter to the Philippians: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary. Socio-Rhetorical Commentary Series. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2011.
Witherington III, Ben. The Acts of the Apostles: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary. Socio-Rhetorical Commentary Series. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.
Whitacre, Rodney A. John. The IVP New Testament Commentary Series 4. Edited by Grant R. Osborne. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1999.
Fowl, Stephen E. Philippians. The Two Horizons New Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 2005.
Fee, Gordon D. Philippians. The IVP New Testament Commentary. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1999.
Bockmuehl, Markus. The Epistle to the Philippians. Black's New Testament Commentary. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1997.
Thompson, James W. and Bruce W. Longenecker. Philippians and Philemon. Paideia Commentaries on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2016.
Vincent, Marvin. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistles to the Philippians and Philemon. International Critical Commentary. Edited by Samuel Rolles Driver, Alfred Plummer, and Charles Augustus Briggs. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1897.
Barrett, C. K. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles, Volume 2. International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1998.
Holloway, Paul A. Philippians: A Commentary. Hermeneia. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2017.
Keown, Mark J. Philippians: Evangelical Exegetical Commentary. Evangelical Exegetical Commentary. Edited by H. Wayne House, W. Hall Harris, and Andrew W. Pitts. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2017.
Reumann, John H. P. Philippians. Anchor Yale Bible. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.
Hawthorne, Gerald F. and Ralph P. Martin. Word Biblical Commentary, Volume 43: Philippians. Rev. Ed. Word Biblical Commentary. Thomas Nelson: Edinburgh, 2004.
Peterson, David G. The Acts of the Apostles. Pillar New Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009.
Schnabel, Eckhard J. Acts. Zondervan Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2012.
Keener, Craig S. Acts: An Exegetical Commentary. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2014–2015.
Lightfoot, Joseph Barber. Saint Paul's Epistle to the Philippians. Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament. London: Macmillan and Co., 1913.
Michael, J. Hugh. The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians. The Moffatt New Testament Commentary. Edited by James Moffatt. London: Hodder and Stroughton, 1928.
Journals and Dissertations
Gasque, W. Ward., Ralph P. Martin, and F. F. Bruce. Apostolic History and the Gospel: Biblical and Historical Essays Presented to F. F. Bruce on His 60th Birthday. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1970.
Bruce, F. F. "St Paul in Macedonia." Academic Journal Article (1979): 337–354.
Burnett, A. M., Amandry, P.P. Ripolles, Roman Provincial Coinage, vol. I (The Julio-Claudians). London: British Museum Press, 1992. Reprinted with corrections 1999, reprinted 2006.
Dahl, Nils. "The Origin of the Earliest Prologues to the Pauline Letters." Semeia 12: The Poetics of Faith, Part 1: Rhetoric, Eschatology, and Ethics in the New Testament. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 1978.
Flexsenhar, Michael. "The Provenance of Philippians and Why It Matters: Old Questions, New Approaches." Journal for the study of the New Testament 42, no. 1 (September 2019): 18–45.
Reicke, Bo. "Caesarea, Rome, and the Captivity Epistles." Apostolic History and the Gospel: Biblical and Historical Essays Presented to F.F. Bruce. Edited by W. Ward Gasque & Ralph P. Martin. Exeter, UK: The Paternoster Press, 1970.
Translated Volumes
Eusebius. "Ecclesiastical History, Books 1–5." In the Fathers of the Church 19. Edited by Roy Joseph Deferrari. Translated by Roy Joseph Deferrari. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1953.
Jerome. "Against Palagians." In Dogmatic and Polemical Works. Translated by John N. Hritzu. Washington DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1965.
Rufinus. History of the Church. The Fathers of the Church 133. Translated by Philip R. Amidon. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2016.
Herodotus. The Persian Wars. 8 Vols. The Loeb Classical Library: English. Translated by A. D. Godley. London: Heinemann, 1922.
Appian. Roman History, Volume I. Loeb Classical Library. Edited and translated by Brian McGing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019.
Josephus, Flavius. Antiquities of the Jews. Translated by William Whiston. Project Gutenberg, 2001.
Tags Essay, New Testament
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The rose has been voted the nation's favourite plant and at Coolings we offer a huge range of superb home-grown and David Austin varieties. Growing roses successfully in a pot is an ambition of many gardeners; however the choice of pot and variety are the keys to success.
Dwarf patio roses are ideal for growing in containers as their compact growth habit makes them ideal for this purpose.
When selecting a pot, remember that roses have a deep tap root so pick a pot that has plenty of depth. Roses are heavy feeders and thrive best in rich fertile soil. When in pots we recommend growing roses in John Arthur Bowers Multi Purpose with added John Innes compost, as this is an ideal blend of loam and compost that will hold nutrients. If you were kept without food or water for a period of time, how would you look? Neglected roses will look the same! So water and feed are the keys to good health and performance. A light dressing of Toprose fertiliser in sring and mid-summer is all that is required and a can of water in the summer when dry, avoiding the foliage (this will reduce fungal problems). All roses are best in a sunny location so choose a nice bright spot to place your container. Simply nip out the faded blooms to encourage repeat flowering.
Following this simple advice should allow you to enjoy the charms of Patio roses to their full potential throughout the summer months.


text:
Concord school system prepares referendum vote
By: LeVon Whittaker Facebook | Twitter
Posted: Nov 1, 2021 10:52 PM EST
NOW: Concord school system prepares referendum vote
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ELKHART, Ind -- The time has arrived for Concord community schools to gather the community in effort to pass the new referendum.
With the referendum vote finally arriving, the Superintendent says that the student education is the number one priority.
"We've been able since 2014 to 2019 we've had the 19th highest academic growth. So, money has gone towards the classroom," said Superintendent Dan Funston.
The last referendum vote was approved in 2014 but it's set to expire this December.
Now the district is hoping those living in the district will approved the new referendum.
The big difference in the new referendum, is the property tax ask is decreasing by 20%, which means property tax owners will pay less.
The ask is .32 cents per $100 of property value.
The last referendum was just over .40 cents per $100.
"The referendum makes up about 10% of our operation and education fund budget put together and so a loss of 10% of that budget would be pretty dramatic for the district and for the programming we're able to offer our students," said Funston.
Although things like technology and construction are something the school wants to to invest more in, they also believe there's another factor that relates to the current state of the school systems.
"We'd also like to continue to the one to one program you know imagine if we didn't have that during COVID so we'd like to be able to continue to be able to provide devices to our students with the money," said Funston.
The Concord community says that they've created a way for each individual to know how much they would pay for each piece of property they own that will allow community members to know how the passing of the referendum will impact them.
That website is:https://supportconcord.com/
St. Joseph County Police investigating after South Bend officer discharges weapon during shots fired response


With the growing concerns about pollution, fuel costs and congestion, many governments and private companies are developing ride-sharing systems that offer incentives to users. Ride-sharing also is gaining popularity as smartphone apps make it easier for commuters to connect. Participants can download a ride-share app to their phones, log in, choose to be a driver or a passenger, and select from among many potential partners.
But what motivates users to participate in ride-sharing programs? Two Haslam College of Business researchers at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, found that social opportunities and saving money were important to users of such services.
Wenjun Zhou, an associate professor at Haslam, and Wangcheng Yan, a doctoral candidate and graduate research assistant with the college, won the Best Paper Award at the 2018 INFORMS Workshop on Data Science. Their paper, "Employee Ride-sharing: User Choices and Reinforcement Learning," delves into data from one company's ride-share program with a focus on developing a model to understand and adapt to ride-share users' motivations. Learning what incentivizes them will help in designing better driver-passenger matching systems, which improves user experience and retention.
Monetary considerations might seem the obvious reason to participate in the company's ride-sharing program, as it offered a cash allowance to drivers in the program, and passengers could save on public transit fares when ride sharing.
Yan and Zhou, however, revealed that among other findings in their analysis, drivers' strongest incentive was not the cash allocation, but good social experiences with colleagues. Passengers' strongest incentive for using the program was saving money, but interacting with colleagues was important as well.
Currently, the passengers in the pick-up list are ranked only based on destination distances compared with the driver's destination, without considering factors like social relations and departure time differences. Yan and Zhou's algorithm can account for such factors, better predicting and ranking possible matches for ride-sharers.
"The algorithm assesses the utility for every driver and passenger on their own devices, so the ones that our model shows will be better will be displayed on top," Zhou said.
In addition, the data may help companies improve their incentive programs. Yan said that within the company they studied, for instance, the financial allowance remained the same regardless of the length of the drive.
Yan and Zhou said their modeling foundation, i.e., the reinforcement-learning framework, is commonly used in strategic games and is applicable to business-oriented analytics. Reinforcement learning is a form of machine learning in which an algorithm learns to maximize its objective, such as scoring as many points as possible in a game.
Yan and Zhou added a modification that allowed different transportation mode choices to have different risks, such as unsuccessful pairings, missed rides, and more, whereas traditional methods would have assumed them to have the same risk. This refinement enabled them to estimate model parameters more accurately and more realistically mimic real-world situations. Both noted that the model might be useful for broader ride-share applications, including commercial systems such as Uber and Lyft.


Thanks for taking the time to fill out our download form. You're about to download the GECAMed installer in order to install GECAMed on your computer. However, if you would like to use GECAMed in your medical office we recommend you contact one of the support companies to install and maintain GECAMed in your office. If you want to install GECAMed all by yourself, here are the installers of the latest version of GECAMed for Windows, Linux and Macintosh computers.
Please read the installation instructions our Online Documentation before installing the software. The Online documentation is currently available in German and French. Known problems and solutions are described in the FAQs (in english).
In September 2017 Oracle has released version 9 of Java, which is no longer compatible with the current GECAMed version 2.07.04.
Due to changes in the Java 9 libraries the current GECAMed client fails at startup. You can still use the GECAMed client on any platform with Java 8 installed.
This is a purely technical release, needed to prolong GECAMed's Java Code Signing Certificate for one more year. Functionally the 2.07.04 is identical to the 2.07.03 release - no new features or bug fixes are included, and Java 9 compatibility is not provided.
It is important that you upgrade GECAMed before January 15, 2018!
Passed that date, older versions than the 2.07.04 will be blocked by Java Security, if you are using Java Webstart to launch the GECAMed clients (the default start method). Basically that means you won't be able to start the GECAMed client as before.
As an alternative to upgrading GECAMed now, you can also install a GECAMed client locally on your workstation. This avoids Java Webstart completely, but also has some disadvantages: clients on different workstations are no longer updated automatically after upgrading the GECAMed server, and therefore need to be reinstalled manually on every work station where they are needed.
See http://www.gecamed.lu/faq/general/client_installation for instructions on the manual client installation.
Click the do-not-show-this-again checkbox before pressing "Run", if you don't want to see this message again.
Patch release with some rather urgent fixes. In particular, a blocking problem with the GECAMed updater/installer that occurred after a recent Windows update (Windows 7 - 10) (1891).
An interesting new feature is the availability of the "Liste commerciale de médicaments" in the GECAMed prescription. Simply start typing the commercial name of the drug in the prescription entry field, then activate the autocompleter by hitting the Ctl-Space key on the keyboard. This brings up the list of all commercially available drugs, matching the text you have typed so far.
For now this feature is only available as an add-on to GECAMed and must be installed seperately, e.g. by your GECAMed support partner.
This addon will only work on GECAMed release 2.07.03 and later, as the DB had to be changed.
1895 tested OK ⇒ Form Editor Tab does not show the Form on opening due to wrong divider location.
This patch release fixes one major bug in the DB update script that handles the update of the CNS' massive tariff change of 1.1.2017.
This minor release contains some new features and optiopns as well as the usual bug fixes and improvements.
The payment dialog had a lot of troubles, some more serious than others. This has led in some cases to missing or wrong ledger entries, which can disturb the practice's internal accounting. 7 tickets related to that subject have been fixed. Please ckech the payment dialog section in the User Manual.
GECAMed comes out of the box with a fixed set of filters for the patient history ('Full View', 'Diagnosis', 'Letters', 'Files', 'Prescriptions', 'Forms', 'CDA'). Additional ad hoc filter criteria can be entered like the type of document, a date range and a text search criteria. However, those ad hoc filters could not be saved until now, and no additional filters could be added.
To get rid of these shortcomings, release 2.07.00 introduces fully customizabe filters for the patient history. Doctors can now define their own filters based an a type selection and a text criteria. Full management of all filters, comprising the standard ones, is now possible for a user with admin rights.
Until now the invoice trash could not be emptied, except with a series of DELETE operations on the DB. Now there is a user level function to do exactly this.
Users have complaint that the GECAMed internal Patient ID is displayed in several places. Now there is an option to hide it again.
Bank accounts for physicians and the practice can not be deleted once they have been used in a settlement. This new feature allows to hide them in the payment dialog, so that unused or obsolete accounts won't bother anymore during settlement operations.
Due to interferences between a voice dictation software and non-customizable short keys in the patient module we decided to introduce an option to deactivate those shotcuts alltogether. See Funktionstasten.
1806 fixed ⇒ ERROR: Doctena Sync Failed!
1851 fixed(*) ⇒ Update from 2.06.03 to 2.06.06 fails.
1877 tested OK ⇒ Batch printing invoices/reminders stops with printer error.
(*) Will still be an issue when an upgrade is applied to a GECAMed originally installed as release 2.06.03.
make a full backup (database and files).
Any number of things can go wrong during an upgrade operation, resulting in application failure and possibly even data loss. Also it is not excluded that the new release introduces blocking errors, performance bottlenecks or simply contains features you do not like at all. With a full backup it is always possible to restore the system to it's exact state at the moment when the backup has been made. See sections Datensicherung and Datenbank Wiederherstellung on how to perform backup and restore operations.
MAC OSX users Due to changes in newer OSX versions we no longer recommend and support MAC OSX as a GECAMed Server.
But don't panic! You can still use youre beloved Mac Book as a GECAMed client workstation.
Nevertheless, if you are still trying to install GECAMed on Mac OS, you will need to turn off the Rootless System Integrity Protection. Please refer to our FAQ for further information: GECAMed doesn't work on Mac OS X El Capitan There are also a few known problems when installing GECAMed on MAC OSX 10.5., but in this case workarounds are available. See Installation Fails on Mac OS X in our FAQ section.
If you're using the installer for Windows, please make sure that you unzip the zip file into a folder, and then run the setup.exe from within that folder. Otherwise the installer will not find all its required files. Especially Windows 7 might make you think (wrongly!) that the ZIP file corresponds to a whole folder, while in reality the files are still firmly inside the ZIP archive.
Download old Versions of GECAMed.
Source code: Here you can download the sources of the current GECAMed version. For further instructions on how to set up a development environment with Eclipse , please read the this entry in our FAQ section. The source code of version 2.07.04 is identical to version 2.07.03, see the release notes above.
State of the Art Processor with minimum 8 GB RAM.
Postgresql 9.3 (delivered with the installer for Windows and Mac), for linux please install postgresql 9.3 which is normally preconfigured for the 9.3 Postgresql version. Newer versions of Postgresql may run into truble as they are not necessayrily compatible with the Java 1.5 JRE we are using for GECAMed.
LAN connection with a FIX IP Address and valid DNS Entry - NO WLAN!
Please give us some information about your use of GECAMed. Thanks!
If you intend to install GECAMed on a Macintosh (OS X) computer, we strongly recommend you read the installation instructions of the manual for the OS X installation!!!
It might happen that the updater hangs at the end with pending jobs like "1/2". If this happen, everything should have gone right. Just reboot your computer and everything is done.


Kompakt, Glasstable, Life And Death new releases – Chain D.L.K.
Clapz II Dogz is the collaboration between the rising stars Soul Clap and Catz N Dogz; together they have come up with a slow jam that is packed full of soul. It comes on a limited edition picture disc and look out for the familiar hip-hop sample. This record will not last long.
We welcome Life And Death to our distribution family with remixes of the lead single "Every Minute Alone" from WhoMadeWho's forthcoming full length "Knee Deep" out on Kompakt on April 25th. WhoMadeWho, Michael Mayer, and Tale of Us, need we say more? A Seth Troxler version is available digitally. We also welcome Skylax Records today with "Routes Not Roots" from Dj Sprinkles Presents K-S.h.
The Acker all-star Mollono.Bass returns with the first part of his three part series, "My Hidden Playground". Schäufler & Zovsky's album "The Village" was released last week and a four track vinyl extraction is now available. Disco fans beware, Eddie C is about to take you on a trip with his fresh addition to Endless Flight with "Parts Unknown".
Jennifer Cardini has maintained an eight year residency at Rex Club Paris. It only makes sense they chose her to mix the club's second compilation. Her track selection is original, emotional, and fluid, just listen. "Unframe" is the debut album of Russian duo WOLS. It's dub-step, it's trip hop, it's techno, and it's cool. Trapez welcomes back Amir for their 99th limited release, "Vernissage Four" contains three house cuts with a remix from Remerc.
Tickets for the KrautPopAmbient show at the Southbank Centre are beginning to sell fast. More info and ticket links can be found here. Also, the March edition of Radio Bongo is now available to stream and download, get it here. Have a great weekend!
Soul Clap and Catz' N' Dogz with a hell of a soulful record. Picture disc + full cover – limited to 500 copies.
Life and Death brings us two great mixes for WhoMadeWho produced by Michael Mayer and Tale Of Us.
Lively, organic House record including hopping basslines, stimulating rhythms and hypnotic sound structures.
Edward Currelly aka Eddie C is producing loop-heavy disco grooves and cosmic rhythm sensations.
An emotional and sensitive journey in which Jennifer comes to light with this intimate and very original selection.
Terre Thaemlitz' combines the notorious "Fagjazz" sound with the classic NY Deep House of DJ Sprinkles.
Comes with a stunning Actress remix. Limited, and extremely collectible.
"The Village" is rhythmically fuelled by casual House with a warm character, supported by dubby basslines.
A great Dubstep-Electronica album that offers all the thrills you need for an exciting listening pleasure.
A great Dubstep-Electronica album that offers all the thrills you need for an exciting listening pleasure. Including a download voucher !
With this new release, Amir has turned towards jacking House music even more than with his last releases.
Welcome to the many faces of Eddie C. Krautrock House meets Space Disco meets soulful Downbeat stuff.
ATTENTION: Important info for Panda Bear Reservations!
Beatport will donate 100% of today's net proceeds to Japan!
Kompakt artist event schedule for this weekend!
News: Battles Pick Kompakt's WALLS for ATP Festival!


Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospital is hiring candidates for recruitment to the post of Research Scientist, Lab Tech, Field Assistant and Others. Eligible candidates can appear for walk-in-interview on the scheduled dates.
LHMC Recruitment 2019: Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospital (LHMC) has invited applications for the post of Research Scientist, Lab Tech, Field Assistant and Others. The eligible candidates can appear for walk-in-interview on 22 and 24 April 2019.
Research Scientist (Medical) – MBBS/BDS/B.V.Sc. & AH recognized by MCI/DCI/VCI respectively.
Research Scientist (Non-Medical) - Master's degree in Microbiology/Biotechnology from a recognized university.
Research Assistant – Post graduate degree in Microbiology/Biotechnology.
Lab Technician – B. Sc. (MLT)/B. Sc./Intermediate with diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology from recognized Institute or High School with 5 years Lab. Experience.
Field Assistant – High school or equivalent with five years' experience in related field (field work) from a Govt institution or recognized institute.
Staff Nurse Junior – The Candidates should possess the 10th Pass / Equivalent with Science subjects Plus Diploma in Nursing, Diploma in ANM or GNM General Nursing Midwifery from Recognized or Institute or University.
Eligible candidates can appear for walk-in-interview on 22 April 2019 for Research Scientist, Research Assistant and Lab Technician in the Seminar Room, 1 st Floor, Old Building, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi 110001. Candidates applying for Field Assistant and Staff Nurse Junior Posts can appear for walk-in-interview on 24 April 2019 in Room no. 336, OPD building, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital New Delhi – 110001 along with the documents.


Mahjong - is a one of the most popular game in the world. Mahjong relates to classical board games. Millions of people all over the world play in Mahjong. Features:  The game has the ability to increase and decrease the playing field, you can play on small screen.  Four beautiful version of tiles  The ability to change the background of the playing field  The ability to change music  The three types of sizes: Small, Medium, Large. Each type consists of 15 different shapes  The game provides a hint, if the player can not find the right pair  Illumination for opened tiles  Shuffle tiles, if there is no possibility to perform the step.


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All Cape Times
Arts Portal
Escape Times
Hout Bay police, safety groups hailed for arrest of hiker's alleged killers
News / 1 August 2019, 06:32am / Okuhle Hlati
Cape Town – Hout Bay police and safety groups have been hailed for their efforts in arresting all three suspects alleged to have robbed and killed Ukrainian businessman Ivan Ivanov.
A 24-year-old was arrested yesterday morning at the Hout Bay harbour after local police followed up on a tip-off. Hours later, a 27-year-old was arrested.
The two arrests follow that of Sinaye Mposelwa, 23, who was arrested shortly after the incident on Saturday.
Police spokesperson Noloyiso Rwexana said the men would appear in the Wynberg Magistrate's Court tomorrow on charges of murder.
Ivanov, 44, was attacked at the East Fort on Chapman's Peak Drive on Saturday. He had been in Cape Town on business when he decided to spend his last day hiking in Hout Bay.
The suspects allegedly stabbed Ivanov multiple times before robbing him and leaving him to die.
Community Crime Prevention, a local security response group, had apprehended Mposelwa, who appeared in the Wynberg Magistrate's Court on Monday.
His case was postponed to August 21 for a bail application. By yesterday, more than 10 000 people had signed a petition calling for bail to be denied.
Ivanov leaves his widow and three children in Ukraine.
The portfolio committee on tourism had said it planned to convene a joint oversight meeting with key role-players including the SAPS, the provincial commissioners of police, national and provincial tourism authorities and major tourism attraction entities because it was concerned about the level of crime and its effect in the tourism sector.
At least 14 people are said to have been attacked on Table Mountain since January this year.


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Bank of America Names Gary Gore Virginia President
BusinessWirevia The Motley Fool, AOL.com
Sep 19th 2012 10:35AM
RICHMOND, Va.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Bank of America today announced that Gary Gore has been named Virginia president in addition to his role as Richmond market president for the company.
As state president, Gore will serve as the company's enterprise leader for Virginia and Richmond. He will work with company leaders across the state to help the bank deliver a wide range of global financial services to more individuals and businesses locally as well as deepen relationships with existing customers. He will also oversee corporate social responsibility activities including philanthropic giving, community development lending and investing, environmental initiatives, diversity efforts, arts and culture projects, and employee volunteerism.
"We're pleased to have Gary expand his responsibilities and lead our work serving customers and clients across Virginia," said Brian T. Moynihan, CEO, Bank of America. "Gary brings tremendous experience in financial services to this important leadership role as well as a dedication to serving the community."
In addition to his responsibilities as Virginia and Richmond market president, Gore serves as managing director and region executive for the Mid-Atlantic region of U.S. Trust. In this role, he is responsible for U.S. Trust offices across Virginia, Baltimore and Chevy Chase, Maryland and the District of Columbia. In these markets, teams are responsible for the delivery of comprehensive wealth management solutions to high net worth and ultra high net worth clients. U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management is a leading private wealth management organization providing vast resources and customized solutions to help meet clients' wealth structuring, investment management, banking and credit needs.
Prior to joining the U.S. Trust team, Gore served as Virginia and North Carolina market executive in Bank of America's Global Commercial Bank. He joined a Bank of America predecessor institution in 1990 as a credit analyst and has since served in a variety of senior leadership roles within the organization.
Gore is a board member of the Virginia Chamber of Commerce, Virginia Business Council, Venture Richmond, YMCA of Greater Richmond and Homeward. Additionally, he serves as a Trustee for the Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond Ballet and Greater Richmond Chamber of Commerce as well as serving on the executive council of the School of Business at Virginia State University. He graduated from East Carolina University with an undergraduate degree in finance. Gore resides in Richmond with his wife, Christy, and their five children.
Gore replaces William Couper, who served as Bank of America Mid-Atlantic president. Couper will retire at the end of September.
Last year, Bank of America employees in Virginia volunteered nearly 45,000 hours to local nonprofits and continue to be significant players in major philanthropic initiatives, including Habitat for Humanity. More than $5.2 million in 2011 statewide philanthropic giving helped nonprofit community organizations develop and grow, including those that provide basic human services such as hunger relief and housing assistance.
Bank of America is one of the world's largest financial institutions, serving individual consumers, small- and middle-market businesses and large corporations with a full range of banking, investing, asset management and other financial and risk management products and services. The company provides unmatched convenience in the United States, serving approximately 56 million consumer and small business relationships with approximately 5,600 retail banking offices and approximately 16,200 ATMs and award-winning online banking with 30 million active users. Bank of America is among the world's leading wealth management companies and is a global leader in corporate and investment banking and trading across a broad range of asset classes, serving corporations, governments, institutions and individuals around the world. Bank of America offers industry-leading support to approximately 4 million small business owners through a suite of innovative, easy-to-use online products and services. The company serves clients through operations in more than 40 countries. Bank of America Corporation stock (NYS: BAC) is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and is listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
For more Bank of America news, visit the Bank of America newsroom.
www.bankofamerica.com
Reporters May Contact:
Nicole Nastacie, Bank of America, 1.980.388.7252
nicole.nastacie@bankofamerica.com
KEYWORDS: United States North America North Carolina Virginia
The article Bank of America Names Gary Gore Virginia President originally appeared on Fool.com.


Sorry it's been a bit since our last update, we took a much needed family break before we begin the prep for filming this fall!
Our funding campaign garnered about $12,000 (after fees) from both Indiegogo and through our fiscal sponsor. These funds will allow us to cover the permits that we need to film in Kenya and Tanzania as well as some additional production expenses. While not as much as we'd hoped to raise, it is still a significant amount and very helpful!
Thus we are a go to start filming! Deposits have been made for the safari portion of our shooting schedule in Tanzania, our travel logistics are being finalized, and we prepare to head to Oregon to shoot background in a month.
All of this is only possible with your generous support, so from the The Hunter Legacy team, THANK YOU!


text: Q: error found when loading /home/user/.profile Hola vengo con un problema debido a que al iniciar mi pc en Linux Mint 21 Cinnamon edition me sale estto al entrar error found when loading /home/benjamin/.profile: /home/benjamin/.profile linea 1: export:  '/home/benjamin/.profile:': no es un identificador valido /home/benjamin/.profile: linea 1: export 'shells.': no es un identificador valido lla vdd no entiendo nada de linux espero que alguien me ayude yy gracias


Homeschooled girl checking out the iPad connected, handheld video camera microscopes at the 2016 HSC conference. Check out the microscopes at School & Science Technology Resources, an A2Z page sponsor.
"I'm Chloe the chloroplast. I'm a part of a plant cell. My job is to turn sunlight into sugar! Isn't that a grand job? Plant cells, and animal cells for that matter, are pretty sophisticated. Why don't I let you meet some of the more humble cell folks first.
Packed with moving images of living cells under a microscope.
Visit this virtual zoo and amusement park where the animals are microscopic and even in your snacks!
Huge site with all sorts of information about microcopy. Loads of virtual microscopes to play with.
Microscopic and macroscopic views of our world. Hundreds of lovely images.
Dennis Kunkel has some pretty amazing animated photos of the microscopic world. The images are for sale, but you can enjoy them online.
Microbiologist Sam Sleuth is hot on the trail of the tiniest animals on the planet. Some of them are even on your hands! Help him find them.
A virtual microscope. Select your sample, and move the slide around, change the focus, and zoom in close or back away.
In more ways than one, microbes are the foundation of life on Earth. They are makers and destroyers. They promote health and cause disease. They are tools to shape our future and a source of new challenges. In short, they are our friends and sometimes our enemies.
You'll be making the parts of your cell out of various food and kitchen items. What you use is up to you but here are a few ideas.
The creation of the materials presented have been made possible by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. View sample animations, video clips, and media projects. Inner life is about cells. Advanced, but lovely to watch. Young children will enjoy the Energy Conversion cartoon.
Storyboard on PBS to explain with videos Cells – Mitosis – Mitochondira – ATP – Cell Respiration – Nucleus.
Did you know that your body is made of millions and millions tiny cells? But did you know that all those millions and millions of cells came from just one tiny cell, the first cell that was you?
To help readers understand some of the exciting biomedical research being conducted today, Inside the Cell provides an overview of the basic facts of cell biology. National Institutes of Health.
The easiest way to collect micro-organisms and other small pond life is to squeeze the water from water plants or pond scum into a container.
The table and linked pages are a guide to some common groups of smaller freshwater organisms (microscopic to a few millimetres in size). If not familiar with an organism, see what drawing and features it most closely resembles in the table and then follow the links.
Take a dip in the jar to learn about some common types of smaller pond life, with links to Micscape Magazine resources.
The cost of this project is just $10 (not counting the smartphone), and it only takes about 20 minutes to build. You can be viewing cells with your smartphone within the hour. Includes discussion comments if something does work quite right for you at first.
By eliminating the fancy focusing equipment and housing, and spending most of your money for good lenses, a homemade microscope of good quality can be made for under $100.00.
Please take time to familiarize yourself with your microscope and its proper use.
Practice zooming in and out at different magnifications on this virtual microscope. Helps you understand what it means to magnify something 25x or 1000x.


Join the team at TRC and open the door to significant opportunities for personal growth and accomplishment. Our customers depend on us for complex projects across a variety of markets and services. As part of our team of over 400 field and office professionals, you will find supportive leadership, a diverse collaborative team, and challenging assignments with a company focused on growth and opportunity. We are looking for talented qualified people. If you are interested in learning more about TRC and why it is a great place to work, check out who we are.
Three Rivers Corporation is an Equal Employment Opportunity employer.
Three Rivers is committed to maintaining a safe and healthy work environment for all employees, which includes an alcohol and drug free workplace.


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> Climate Change research group
Janna Tenzing
Researcher, Climate Change
International climate change negotiations (UNFCCC); capacity building for new UNFCCC delegates; UN processes related to sustainable development; gender equality and climate change interlinkages.
Consultant on climate change and sustainable development, UN Women (2012-13)
MSc. Environment, Science and Society, University College London (2011)
BA. English, Sociology, McGill University (2008)
Supporting Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in the UNFCCC negotiations, in particular on issues related to climate finance and gender equality; engaging in research and capacity strengthening activities for LDC delegates; supporting LDC governments in implementing the Paris Agreement.
Janna is also a PhD student at the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Her research focuses on the role of social protection in reducing structural vulnerability to climate change in LDCs.
janna.tenzing@iied.org
Twitter: @janna_tenzing
Languages: English, French (fluent); Bhutanese (Eastern dialect), and Spanish (intermediate)
Janna Tenzing's projects
Developing Myanmar's national climate change policy
Project, Apr 2018
Building the capacity of LDCs to engage in the UNFCCC negotiations
Project, Mar 2018
Facilitating greater representation of LDCs in the UNFCCC process
From global ambition to country action: Bhutan steps towards low-carbon climate-resilient development
From global ambition to country action: Low-carbon climate-resilient development in Bhutan
Provisions for support to LDCs: facilitating the implementation of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement
Knowledge-based participatory action research
How parliamentarians can help ensure the success of the Paris Agreement
Janna Tenzing's blog posts
LDC women in world climate talks: building a cohort of champions
Making gender equality a global and local reality


Crossings provides camps, missions projects and other ministry opportunities for youth across Kentucky.
Kentucky Changers is a unique opportunity for students and adults to live out their faith during week-long camps focusing on exterior home repairs and community development projects. Connect with the KY Changers on Facebook.
Girls in Action is a WMU ministry for girls in grades 1 - 6 with an emphasis on missions, leadership, and spiritual growth.
Royal Ambassadors is a WMU ministry for boys in grades 1 - 6 and leads them to become Ambassadors for Christ through commitments and virtues.
WMU offers several ministry programs for students in grades 7 - 12 including Acteens, Challengers, and Youth on Missions.
Awana stands for "Approved workmen are not ashamed" (2 Timothy 2:15). Awana is designed to help churches and parents work together to reach children for and encourage them to follow Christ. A complete ministry curriculum from preschool to high school is available.
Help equip the parents in your congregation to share Christ with their children. D6 Family is built on the principals of Deuteronomy 6:5-7 which says that parents are called to pass their faith on to their children. D6 provides a multitude of resources for parents and children to connect spiritually.
Splink is a free weekly email offered through D6 that offer creative ways for parents to interact with their children through the use of faith talks, devotional starters and ideas for family time. Splinks can also help parents use teachable moments to pass along spiritual truths and life lessons while making memories or just having fun as a family.
Lifeline Children's Services is a full-service adoption and orphan care ministry, serving families and children in the United States and around the globe.
*All referenced websites and organizations are provided for informational purposes only. The Allen Baptist Association does not necessarily endorse these organizations or resource providers; however, we want to provide you with access to the tools you need for successful ministry endeavors.


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Tribune: Why some CPS schools must close
While schools haven't often been the subject of choice as late, I wanted to share this editorial that argues why some CPS schools must close. Perhaps some of you out there may have your thoughts on this subject.
By Dec. 1, Chicago Public Schools officials must deliver to state lawmakers a list of schools slated to close at the end of this school year. The district will release its criteria for making those decisions this week.
As many as 120 Chicago schools are likely to be on the chopping block because the district faces a $1 billion budget gap next year. And the following year.
This is a critical moment for CPS and its new CEO, Barbara Byrd-Bennett. Make no mistake: This will be painful. But scores of schools must be closed.
There are more than 100,000 empty seats in schools because CPS badly mismanaged its real estate portfolio over the past decade. Overall district enrollment has declined by 34,000 students since 2003. CPS built new schools to relieve overcrowding in some communities but failed to close enough of the older, emptier ones, often caving to community pressure.
Reality check: Keeping half-used buildings open is a huge financial drain the system can't afford.
CPS says it can save about $800,000 a year in operating costs by closing a school and reassigning kids to schools that have extra space. It also avoids the cost of capital improvements, and could generate some revenue through property sales.
Those closings alone won't eliminate this huge budget gap. But CPS simply can't operate more schools — heat more buildings, patch more roofs — than its students need.
Read the whole thing before you comment.
Hat-tip District 299 blog!
Labels: chicago public schools, editorial, education, finance, news, policy, politics, students


A Dose of Black Matter is an experimental teaser for a "capsule" event that visualizes an immersive experience in an alternate universe. Shot on 16mm.
Same, Old. is a short narrative film about a young woman who runs into an ex-best friend at the corner store.
Urbanworld Film Festival (2018), Citizen Jane Film Festival (2018), Arab Film Festival - Arab American National Museum (2019).
by the medina, for the medina is a short documentary on the music and musicians of the old medina of Tetouan, Morocco, focusing on the group of musicians known as Harmonic Fusion led by Abdulrahman El Khamal.
Kuwait Film Festival (2017), Arab Film Festival (2017), Adana International Film Festival (2017), Arab Film Awards (2017), Women of the World Film Fair Middle East (2018).
Distributed by New York University for educational use.
Freaky is a visual portrait of Mohamed "Freaky" Benyaich, a Moroccan painter born and bred in the city of Tetouan.
Women of the World Film Fair Middle East (2017), Seattle Art Fair (2017), Ouarzazate International Film Festival (2017), Arab Film Awards (2017).
The Creative Process is a series of short documentaries on the four-year collaboration between The New School and I Have A Dream Foundation in a joint program on theater and education.
Commissioned by Cecilia Rubino for the years of 2014, 2015 and 2016.
Amo is a short cinema-verite inspired documentary film about a Syrian grocer in Downtown Brooklyn, shot on 16mm.
Art of Brooklyn Film Festival (2017), Bushwick Film Festival (2017), New York Indie Doc Fest (2017), Lublin Film Festival (2017).
© 2019 haya b. alghanim. all rights reserved.


To learn more about different shell trumpet traditions or to hear a beginner horagai player learning the instrument, check out the links and resources below. Links and Resources Instruments From Ancient Mexico – The Conch Shell Trumpet... Get on the recycled craft train for today's earth-friendly project. We have paper tubes and washi tape to create our cooky crafty choo choo trains. All Aboard! We have paper tubes and washi tape to create our cooky crafty choo choo trains.
Vary the length, shape and thickness of the materials used for the tube of the trumpet to produce different sounds. Decorate the paper towel rolls and construction paper with crayons, stickers, markers or paint before making the paper trumpet.


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Critical Care > Myocardial Infarction
Cardiology Pioneer William Ganz Dead at 90
— Co-inventor of the Swan-Ganz catheter for measuring blood flow, William Ganz, MD, died of natural causes at age 90 in Los Angeles.
by Cole Petrochko, Staff Writer, MedPage Today November 12, 2009
William Ganz, MD, co-inventor of the Swan-Ganz catheter for measuring blood flow and a pioneer in thrombolysis, died Tuesday of natural causes at age 90 in Los Angeles.
"Dr. Ganz was a giant in medicine and in life," said Prediman Shah, MD, director of the Cardiology Division at the Cedar-Sinai Heart Institute. "He changed the lives of millions through his significant contributions to medicine, but he never lost sight of the importance of family and friends."
In 1966, Ganz joined the fledgling cardiology division at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, where he and the then-Chief of Cardiology Jeremy Swan, MD, invented a balloon-tipped catheter to assess heart function in critically ill patients in 1970.
The following year, Ganz developed a new method for measuring human blood flow that was incorporated into the Swan-Ganz catheter. The measurement method and catheter are still in use in cardiac medicine today.
In 1982, Ganz and P.K. Shah, MD, the current director of cardiology at Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, collaborated on the first studies of treating heart attacks by dissolving coronary artery blood clots. The facility was the first in the U.S. to test the therapy in humans.
Ganz won the Distinguished Scientist Award from the American College of Cardiology in 2009.
The pioneering cardiologist was born in the central-European town of Kosice in 1919 and educated at the Charles University School of Medicine in Prague.
During World War II, Ganz was incarcerated in a Nazi labor camp and then survived in the Jewish underground in Budapest. His family eventually fled Communist Eastern Europe and settled in Los Angeles.
His wife Magda died in 2005. Ganz is survived by his two sons, Peter Ganz, MD, and Thomas Ganz, MD.


The United States of North America is now engaged in a civil war with the Earth Confederation, which wants to yield to the demands of the alien Sh'daar, limit human technology, and become a part of the Sh'daar Galactic Collective. USNA President Koenig believes that surrendering to the Sh'daar will ultimately doom humankind.
But when highly advanced, seemingly godlike aliens appear through an artificial wormhole in the Omega Centauri Cluster 16,000 light years from Earth, President Koenig is faced with a tremendous choice: continue fighting the Sh'daar . . . or ally with them against the newcomers in a final war that will settle the fate of more than one universe.


The second volume of the Eisenhorn Trilogy picks up the story a century on from the events of Xenos, with Eisenhorn and his allies (some old friends and new faces) plunged into a new investigation. As with almost all procedurals, there is a point where the detective is implicated in wrongdoing and has to go on the run to prove his innocence, which is the point Eisenhorn reaches in this book. Mildly cliched, but Abnett handles this storyline with aplomb, with logical use made of Eisenhorn's allies and resources. The story also pushes Eisenhorn a little bit more towards the dark side as he has to become more ruthless to defeat his enemies, which also risks cliche until Abnett throws a couple of clever curve-balls towards the reader in the closing chapters (the motivations of the antagonist are well-thought-out, making good use of the Warhammer 40,000 universe though, once again, foreknowledge of the setting is not required to enjoy this trilogy).
Malleus (****) is a well-written sequel to Xenos and continues the triloy in fine form. The book is available as part of the Eisenhorn omnibus now in the UK and USA.


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Q: How can I load a list of items in an Ansible playbook task I have a file ansible/group_vars/test_dir/whitelist.yml which contains:
list:
[item1, item2, item3]

How can I have this list in a YAML style? like:
list:
- item1
- item2
- item3

A: As a solution. I managed to create a template:
my_list:
{% for item_of_interest in curl_command.result %}
- {{item_of_interest.attribute}}
{% endfor %}

the curl_command.result is actually a variable that I register in the task where I want to make use of this list... but for now, this did it for me.


It is fantastic to see Virtalent featured in Midlands Business News talking about how our Virtual Assistants help entrepreneurs and professionals.
"Two enterprising minds have set up a company which provides virtual work support for busy entrepreneurs and professionals.
Virtalent gives clients access to a flexible, virtual workforce without having to employ extra staff as they grow their businesses.
Co-founders Sam Wilson and Ellie Bekalo both left Aston Business School and immediately set up Virtalent in Birmingham to meet a gap in the market. Their idea has impressed the business community and won backing from a series of investors.
Ellie said: "We believe what we offer is unique. It is a professional, value for money service so time-pressed entrepreneurs can concentrate on building their businesses and delegate tasks to bright people who can work remotely on their behalf.
Fellow director Sam explained that Virtalent required no long term commitment from clients. Work is billed to the minute and overseen by a dedicated account manager.
Entrepreneur Peter Murtha, founder of Optima Hair Specialists and co-founder of Mr McQueen, a luxury upholstery brand for hotels, bars and restaurants, has used Virtalent for support which is helping his businesses grow to keep up with demand.