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Jennifer Morrison >
Jennifer Morrison Quits Lead Role In 'Once Upon A...
Jennifer Morrison Quits Lead Role In 'Once Upon A Time'
By Daniel Falconer in Movies / TV / Theatre on 08 May 2017
Follow Jennifer Morrison
The series hasn't yet been renewed for a seventh season.
For six seasons now, Jennifer Morrison has led the cast of ABC fantasy series 'Once Upon A Time', in the role of Emma Swan. Bringing some of the most recognisable fairy tale story characters to the small screen in an increasingly complex real world-meets-fantasy setting, it's captured the imaginations of millions watching across the globe.
Jennifer Morrison plays Emma Swan in the series
Ratings have unfortunately gradually slipped for the series however. Whilst the first took in between 9 and 12 million viewers throughout its first season run, its latest sixth season premiered to just under four million and ABC are yet to announce whether or not the show will return for a seventh outing.
Morrison has now taken her fate into her own hands however, quitting her role as Emma Swan and agreeing to take part in just one episode of season 7 if it comes to pass.
Taking to her Instagram, she wrote: "As I reached the end of my 6 year contract on ONCE UPON A TIME, I was faced with a significant decision. ABC, Eddy Kitsis, and Adam Horowitz very generously invited me to continue as a series regular. After very careful consideration, I have decided that creatively and personally, it is time for me to move on.
"Emma Swan is one my favorite characters that I have ever played. My 6 years on ONCE UPON A TIME has changed my life in the most beautiful ways. I am absolutely blown away by the passion and commitment of the Oncer fans. I am so honored to have been a central part of such a special show.
"I will be forever grateful to Adam, Eddy, and ABC for giving me the gift of playing Emma Swan.
"As I move on to other creative endeavors, I will continue to attend the fan conventions whenever my professional schedule allows. I always look forward meeting the fans.
"If ABC Network does in fact order a season 7, I have agreed to appear in one episode, and I will most certainly continue to watch ONCE UPON A TIME. The creativity of the show runners has always inspired me, and I cannot wait to see the ways that they continue to develop and reinvent the show."
Morrison's decision is obviously what she feels is best for her career moving forward. With around 20 episodes per season, those working heavily on 'Once Upon A Time' probably don't have much time to do anything else in their careers. It's a huge dedication to have for a show, and so Morrison is probably hoping to extend her celebrity in other pastures.
More: 'Once Upon A Time' Stars Ginnifer Goodwin and Josh Dallas Enjoying Real Life Fairytale
Having proven herself a talented actress in the series, there could be a variety of different roads for her to now go down. Exactly what's next for her however remains to be seen.
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Clean-Car Dominoes
Canada gets automakers to agree to build clean cars.
(@) on March 25, 2005 at 5:37 am
Clean-car dominoes keep falling. This week, it's Canada, with Oregon next.
On Wednesday, word came that the Canadian government and the big automakers have signed an agreement to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from new vehicles. The previously announced target of a 25 percent reduction in new-car emissions by 2010 has apparently been nixed. In its place is a specified number of tons of gases that automakers must keep out of the atmosphere through improvements to new cars, as McLeans reports.
The number of tons, according to one report, is roughly equal to the old 25-percent target. Unfortunately, that's a hard claim to assess, because the details of the agreement are still secret.
The 25-percent target has always been important, and ambitious—more ambitious than the 30-percent emissions reduction written into California's clean-car standards because the latter standard has a deadline of 2016. The year 2010 is just around the corner in a gigantic industry that takes many months to usher new technologies into mass production. So even if this agreement turns out to be watered down, it's likely that it at least matches the California standard.
And that means Canada is firmly on board, as are seven northeastern states, in the march toward clean cars. Soon, the territory of clean cars will have outflanked and surrounded the US heartland, in a pattern familiar from the "United States of Canada" map that became famous after the US elections in November.
The missing links in this semi-circle are Washington, where the domino is more than halfway over, and Oregon, where the domino is teetering. And Oregon is holding hearings on clean-car standards as I write. The Oregonianeditorializes today in favor of clean-car standards.
With Washington and Oregon on board, more than one-third of the North American auto market will be in the clean-car empire. And that's probably enough to flip the entire North American market over to cleaner technology.
Thanks to Everett J. Mozell & Anne Wild for supporting a sustainable Northwest.
To find more articles on Climate & Energy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Russia to 'sign ceasefire deal'
Announcement comes as Georgia's president signs EU peace accord in Tbilisi.
16 Aug 2008 03:09 GMT
Rice, left, spent five hours with Saakashvili
discussing the peace pact [AFP]
The statement gave no indication of when Medvedev might sign.
Earlier in the day, Saakashvili had accused Russia of using cluster bombs and weapons of mass destruction during fighting which broke out last week in the breakaway region of South Ossetia.
He had also criticised the West for not granting Georgia Nato membership earlier this year, saying Russia had stepped up its military presence in the region following the decision.
'Never surrender'
In his joint news conference with Rice in Tibilisi, the Georgian president said: "We will never, ever surrender, give up our freedom and territory, we will definitely get rid of these invaders for good. I am totally convinced of that."
"Unfortunately today we are looking evil in the eye. It is very strong, very nasty and very dangerous."
Rice said Russian forces should leave Georgian territory immediately and that Russia's president had "not honoured" his promise to halt military operations in Georgia.
Rice has called on Russia to start withdrawing immediately [Reuters]
"The verbal assurance that President Medvedev gave that Russian military operations had stopped ... clearly was not honoured.
"With the signing of this accord, all Russian troops, and any paramilitary and irregular troops that entered with them must leave immediately," Rice said.
Jonah Hull, Al Jazeera's correspondent in Tbilisi, said: "Saakashvili's public statements are aimed at domestic consumption ... they are for the Georgia public to listen to. And in terms of rhetoric the Russians are doing the same."
On Friday, Russian troops were still said to be stationed in Gori, Georgia's second city, the Black Sea port of Poti, and the western town of Zugdidi, which lies near another breakaway region, Abkhazia.
A Russian convoy was also seen advancing to within 55km of Tbilisi on Friday.
Rice said that international observers needed to be brought into Georgia quickly to stabilise the situation.
Meanwhile, Viktor Yushchenko, Ukraine's president, said on Friday that he had requested urgent talks with Moscow on the Russian navy's use of Sevastopol, a Ukrainian port, as the base for its Black Sea fleet.
On Thursday, Ukraine had said it would make Russia seek official permission for movements of its warships based in the former Soviet state despite Moscow's objections.
Marc Garlasco, from the New York-based Human Rights Watch organisation, told Al Jazeera that both Russia and Georgia were using indiscriminate weapons in the conflict, including cluster bombs.
Russian soldiers on the road leading to Zugdidi, a major town in western Georgia [Reuters]
Speaking in Tbilisi, Garlasco said: "We've been very concerned that both sides have not been following the Geneva Conventions, and supporting international humanitarian law here.
"It's quite shocking that in the year that 107 countries have agreed to ban cluster bombs, that the Russians are using them in this conflict now.
"Clearly we need to have some international body come here and do some credible investigation.
"Just to look at statements of casualties – the Russians are claiming 2,000 dead in South Ossetia - our investigation has shown 44 at this point. So we really need to have someone discern what the truth is."


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My first time buying a car, and let me tell you this...this would be the best place to buy a car. Tony who ive been work with for almost a month to get a car finianced did not pressure me into buying a car and did everything he could to make my experience there comfortable for me and my mom while we were there and the entire staff was REALLY friendly! Thank you gladstone Mitsubishi!!
I walked in not expecting to buy a car, but I wanted to get a feel for what I was looking for and see what was out there. This dealership made things so easy for me, absolutely no pressure situation, and really seemed to care about me and what I was going to be driving away with. Being a new car dealership, all of their cars or mechanically sound and asthetically pristine. I ended up getting the deal I wanted, on my terms, and walked away with a car. Very easy to work with and I recommend all my family/friends to these guys after the way they treated me! Go check them out!
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I came in as a returning customer looking for a used vehicle and was helped by Kelli (it was her first day). She was absolutely amazing we had such a fun time together. It made the experience so much better (my first experience was great also). I came home with a car that I absolutely love! I can't give her 10 stars but I would along with Blake, Aaron and Dave! Thank you so much for your wonderful service!


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Ned Denison
Ned Denison is Ireland's most prolific marathon swimmers with 47 epic marathon swims (8 were first ever solos and only 4 were done more than once).
His 25 km and above solos include:
Triple Crown: English Channel, Manhattan and Catalina Channel (8 hours and 50 minutes – at the end of 2016 the 31st fastest of all 413 swims).
Around Jersey (54 km), Formentura to SE end of Ibiza (30 km), Kalamata (30 km), Lake Memphremagog (25 km), Jersey to France (26.4 km) and Menorca Channel race (25 km).
Ned holds or held the following speed records:
S.C.A.R. (4 marathons in 4 days: 66.9 km) - Fastest male set in 2013
Cold Half - Hong Kong (15 km) set record in 2014 and broke it in 2017
Lake Zurich (26.4 km) male 50+ record holder since 2008
4-way Strait of Messina (12.9 km)
Santa Barbara Channel (31 km)) 10 hours and 27 minutes (Record holder 9-2006 to 9-2012)
Notable Swims in Ireland:
Cork to Cobh Ireland (16 km) – three times, Inishbofin, Galway, Rathlin Island and Champion of Champions (8 km, 4.8 km then 1.6 km) Sandycove Island 2008 1st 2009 2nd Broadstrand 2014 1st 2015 2nd.
Two (first ever) swims in Ireland - accredited by the ILDSA: Around the Great Island – Cobh (25.7 km) and Around Valentia Island (25.7 km) with water temperatures 12.2 - 13.8 degrees C.
First Ever and Notable Swims outside of Ireland:
First group of soloers to ever swim: Ile du Levant via Cap-Blance to Hyéres (24km), Anti-Clockwise Around Anacapa (16 km) and St Joseph's Island - part of Devil's Island Prison (12.8 km),
Rottnest (9.75 km), Strait of Gibraltar (14.4 km), Robben Island, Around Robben Island (11 km) and Boston Light (/12.9 km).
False Bay – South Africa (34 km) 11 hours and 5 minutes – 5th soloer in 400 square miles of water with 200 Great White Sharks.
Ned is already in the Ireland Marathon Swimming Hall of Fame as an Administrator.


Nathan Aweau invited me to join the Masters on stage for their final set. Whoa, what?!?!
Last song of the night, Uncle George Kahumoku, Jr. said, "You sing one." Mind blown.
Thank you to George Kahumoku, Jr, Nathan Aweau, and Kawika Kahiapo – the 2017 Masters of Hawaiian Music – for bringing their show to Chatham, NJ. Thank you to my peeps at St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Thanks to my family who were there and supported. Thank you to everyone who came to the show from near and far. It was an evening of incredible music and aloha – one that I will cherish and never forget.
Love You Andy Wang for Keeping our Hawaiian Slackkey Flame going in Chatham NJ & your Ohana. Thx to your brother Chris Wang & Mom and Dad, Sam & Pauline Wang for Raising two great Sons.
Much Aloha to Lynette for a great Stew and rice dinner with lomi Salmon & quiche , bacon, sausage fruits raspberry, orange juice & H2o breakfast!
Aloha to Sabrina, Jackson & Kristina for being a blessing to all of us!
Incredible Sound at your St Paul Church!
Mahalo Uncle George for returning to Chatham and bringing yet another stellar show to my home town. Thank you for sharing your aloha and stage time with me. Taking workshops with you so many years ago, never thought I'd be jamming on stage with the best of the best. What a gift. Amazing what you and Nancy do to perpetuate Hawaiian slack key and culture.


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Q: AWS S3 Bucket Policy with Empty Principle Array I have an old S3 bucket policy that grants full S3 access to a few principles. Upon editing the policy I recieved the error:

Invalid Principle in Policy

It turns out that all of the principles within my statement were of the format, for example, AIDADJFUT4RIFUGHRU7FU.
Is this a removed account?
I removed all instances of these invalid principles, and now I have an empty array. I was planning on leaving this array empty for now, but I want to make sure that I am not accidentally leaving my S3 bucket open to the world.
Is the following policy secure?
{
    "Version": "2008-10-17",
    "Id": "Policy123456789",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Principal": {
                "AWS": []
            },
            "Action": "s3:*",
            "Resource": [
                "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket/my-directory/*"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

A: You could just simply leave the policy as is and change the Effect from Allow to Deny.
An open policy would require the Principle to be set as a wildcard: '*',   for example:
"Principal":"*"

or
"Principal":{"AWS":"*"}

These would make the statement open to the world.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Don't miss the latest CSR Center pieces by executives from Marriott International, Capital One and Berkshire Bank.
• Learn how to implement sustainability principles in "My Actions To Achieve a More Sustainable Future" by Jerome Tennille at Marriott International.
• Find out why it's a moral imperative for successful leaders to sponsor other women in "Women and the Critical Role of Career Sponsors" by Katya Andersen, SVP of Card Customer Experience at Capital One.
• Learn how to achieve a 100% participation rate through "Employee Centered Corporate Social Responsibility" by Gary R. Levante, Vice President, Corporate Social Responsibility at Berkshire Bank.
Since the government was under a partial shutdown from before the holidays through the end of the Combined Federal Campaign (CFC) on January 11, we called an emergency meeting with OPM, CFC Outreach Coordinators, and other CFC partners last week. We are pleased to share the campaign has extended and will provide more details accordingly.
KampCo is kicking off 2019 by continuing its partnership with CHC and giving back to our nation's heroes. On January 29, KampCo will donate a portion of all sales to support CHC's "Hero's Health" cause.
KampCo first started its cause marketing partnership with CHC in September 2018 and has since donated to a special cause once a month by raising awareness and donating 10% of proceeds at all KampCo locations across Oklahoma and Texas.
A nationwide survey by our partner Leukemia and Lymphoma Society showed that volunteering enhances relationships and improves your love life. This Valentine's Day and all year long, find volunteer projects near you with our Online Locator Tool. Or make it a group date and search our On the Spot Volunteer Guide for easy activities you can do with your family, friends, or coworkers.
You are never too old, too out-of-shape, or too overweight to make healthy changes. And while it doesn't take the start of a new year to institute healthy changes in your life, this is the perfect opportunity to think about the improvements you would like to see. Here are seven simple steps to help keep your resolutions.
CHC Board Member and CEO of TriageLogic and Continuwell, Dr. Charu Raheja, was named a Gold Stevie winner for Female Entrepreneur of the Year – Business Services – in the 15th annual Stevie Awards for Women in Business. Watch Dr. Raheja's acceptance speech and post-awards ceremony interview.


As it is, Bitcoin Cash describes itself as a Bitcoin alternative and a coin which operates as envisioned by Satoshi Nakamoto: that of acting as a medium of exchange, supplementing and eventually replacing political money. And they are doing a pretty good job despite dropping market valuation, network difficulty and transactional volumes.
With the Wikimedia Foundation changing payment processors and preferring BitPay over CoinBase, donors from all over the world can make BCH contributions. Hopefully, this would help spur participation, draw demand which would eventually help lift the sixth most valuable coin from current lows. Already, there are hints of a recovery.
Aside from price action, their adoption drive is paying dividends. Roger Ver, the defender of the network in recent YouTube video said Bitcoin Cash has sealed a deal with ANA Group's Alliance Cargo Direct. ANA Group describes itself as an inspiration of Japan providing "high-quality international distribution infrastructure utilizing our cargo aircraft".
Unfortunately, he couldn't divulge more because of Japan's FSA stringent laws governing insider trading. All the same, Ver said they will make public their partnership adding that there were more publicly trading companies that would soon be looped in the network.
Like XRP, BCH is on an uptrend and at the time of writing the fifth most valuable coin was up 3.5 percent. This is impressive and sets the ground for further gains that may see BCH prices rally towards $230 or higher as laid out in our previous BCH/USD trade plans.
Note that there is support even from a technical point of view. First, BCH is trending below 2017 lows meaning sellers were so vicious, they wiped out 2017 gains. Because of that, we expect a recovery, a bounce back, that will at least lift prices back to $250 or 2017 lows.
Spurred by across the board shift of crypto sentiment, we expect BCH to be a benefactor. In that case, it is likely that the $70 floors set by Dec 2018 lows will be the launching pad for further higher highs in coming days. Note that BCH is trading within a short-term bull trend with caps at $250 or Dec 2018 highs. After more than 35 days of lower lows, we now have a double bar bull reversal pattern off the 78.6 percent mark.
This is bullish but there will be more reprieve for traders if there is momentum driving prices above $135—triggering risk-off traders angling to buy—and later $230—igniting risk averse traders with grand targets at $400—the main breakout level—previous support now resistance. $400 is pre-Bitcoin Cash hard fork supports and very significant in our analysis.
Momentum is building up. However, for bulls to be in control then we must see a high-volume break and close above $135. That means, if there would be a confirmation, then the bar must register high volumes exceeding those of Jan 28—62k and hopefully drive prices above $135 forcing aggressive traders to enter the trade. Only then will there be a bull's confirmation.


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Q: How to send to controller with Ajax? I'm trying to send the query to the controller with an Ajax query, but I couldn't. I don't know much, I work as an intern. Before doing it, I looked at how to send data with ajax query, but it didn't work. I will be grateful if you could help me.
my .aspx code:
<script type="text/javascript">

        function customActionOn(itemStockCode) {
            $.ajax({
                url: '/SAPManagement/SAPUpdate.aspx/CustomActionOn',
                dataType: 'json',
                type: 'POST',
                data: "{'itemStockCode': '"+itemStockCode+"'}",
                contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
            });
        }

        function customActionOff(itemStockCode) {
            $.ajax({
                url: '/SAPManagement/SAPUpdate.aspx/CustomActionOff',
                dataType: 'json',
                type: 'POST',
                data: "{'itemStockCode': '" + itemStockCode + "'}",
                contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
            });
        }
    </script>

<telerik:GridTemplateColumn UniqueName="GetDeatils" ShowFilterIcon="false" AllowFiltering="false" HeaderText="Open and Close The Product On The Web" FilterControlWidth="10px" AutoPostBackOnFilter="false">
                            <ItemTemplate>
                                <%--<asp:Button CommandName="GetDeatils" ID="GetDeatils2" OnClientClick='<%# "javascript:openwin("+Eval("ItemStockCode").ToString()+")" %>'
                                    runat="server" Text="Detay"></asp:Button>--%>
                                <asp:Button ID="Button3" runat="server" CssClass="btn btn-block green" Text="Open" OnClientClick='<%# "customActionOn("+Eval("ItemStockCode").ToString()+")" %>'></asp:Button>
                                <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" CssClass="btn btn-block red" Text="Close" OnClientClick='<%# "customActionOff("+Eval("ItemStockCode").ToString()+")" %>'></asp:Button>
                            </ItemTemplate>
                        </telerik:GridTemplateColumn>

.aspx.cs code:
[System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
    public void CustomActionOn(string itemStockCode)
    {
        products = new LogicRules.B2B.BL_Product().GetAllProductsForSAPUpdate().OrderBy(x => x.ItemName).ToList();
        var selectedProduct = products.Where(x => x.ItemStockCode == itemStockCode).FirstOrDefault();
        selectedProduct.PublishOnB2B = true;
        new Core.Log.ArkLogs().WriteProductUpdateLog(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(selectedProduct), User.Identity.GetUserId<int>(), "Product", "ISBN", selectedProduct.ItemStockCode);
        var retValues = new SapFunction.ProductFunction().updateProduct(selectedProduct);
    }

    [System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
    public void CustomActionOff(string itemStockCode)
    {
        products = new LogicRules.B2B.BL_Product().GetAllProductsForSAPUpdate().OrderBy(x => x.ItemName).ToList();
        var selectedProduct = products.Where(x => x.ItemStockCode == itemStockCode).FirstOrDefault();
        selectedProduct.PublishOnB2B = false;
        new Core.Log.ArkLogs().WriteProductUpdateLog(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(selectedProduct), User.Identity.GetUserId<int>(), "Product", "ISBN", selectedProduct.ItemStockCode);
        var retValues = new SapFunction.ProductFunction().updateProduct(selectedProduct);
    }

I can't send data to the controller this way. I am getting the itemstockcode value correctly. But the data does not go to the controls. I will be grateful if you could help me.

A: you can change your input model, instead of getting string, get an object
[System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
public void CustomActionOff(ItemStockCodeModel itemStockCodeRequest)
{
    products = new LogicRules.B2B.BL_Product().GetAllProductsForSAPUpdate().OrderBy(x => x.ItemName).ToList();
    var selectedProduct = products.Where(x => x.ItemStockCode == itemStockCodeRequest.itemStockCode).FirstOrDefault();
    selectedProduct.PublishOnB2B = false;
    new Core.Log.ArkLogs().WriteProductUpdateLog(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(selectedProduct), User.Identity.GetUserId<int>(), "Product", "ISBN", selectedProduct.ItemStockCode);
    var retValues = new SapFunction.ProductFunction().updateProduct(selectedProduct);
}

and define a model in the namespace
public class ItemStockCodeModel
{
      public string ItemStockCode{set;get;}
}


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Q: Is there a mechanical procedure within PA to reduce any ϕ to its simplest (in terms of the arithmetical hierarchy) logically equivalent form? The question is motivated because we know that the Turing computable sets of natural numbers are exactly the sets at level $\Delta_1^0$ of the arithmetical hierarchy. We also know that the finite Ramsey theorem is provable in PA, but it is a least $\Pi_2^0$ (I am not sure about this). So, does it mean that it is logically equivalent to a  $\Pi_1^0$ or $\Sigma_1^0$ formula? (because the set of Ramsey numbers is computable, right?)
Continuation from answer below:
Thanks a lot, very enlightening answer! My point however was not if every P would always end up in a $\Delta_0^0$ formula, but in the lowest one that in principle could exist (not necessarily $\Delta_0^0$). The motivation is to know if every ϕ that is provable in PA, is semantically equivalent (in N) to a $\Pi_1^0$ or $\Sigma_1^0$ formula.  My intuition (call it A) is that if a ϕ is provable in PA, then the set defined by it must be computable, and so should be reducible to at least a $\Delta_1^0$. Although if P exists, that would imply that we could take any ϕ, reduce it to its simplest form, and know if it is provable or not (if its simplest form is above $\Delta_1^0$, then ϕ should not be provable). My guess is that either the procedure P does not exist, or that my intuition A is wrong (or both!)

A: For the question in the body: Yes, any provable formula of whatever complexity is logically equivalent (given the axioms it is proved from) to $0=0$, which is even $\Delta_0^0$.
(Unless the logic the "proof" is done in is unsound, of course).

For the question in the title: No, such a mechanical procedure cannot exist, because if it did, we could use it to decide logical equivalence in general.
Suppose $\psi$ is a sentence and we want to know whether it is provable. Apply your hypothetical procedure to
$$\phi(x)\;\equiv\; \psi\land (x=x)$$
Now, it $\psi$ is provable, then the output of your procedure must be a $\Delta_0^0$ formula that is true for $x=0$, and checking that is a simple mechanical matter. Conversely if $\phi$ is logically equivalent to a $\Delta_0^0$ formula that is true for $x=0$, then by Gödel's completeness theorem, $\psi$ must be is provable.

In the comment below you amend the question so it is not about "provably equivalent in PA", but "semantically equivalent in the actual natural numbers". That's actually even worse from a decidability point of view -- truth about $\mathbb N$ is if anything more slippery than provability in PA.
A mechanical procedure for simplifying formulas behaves enough like a proof system that Gödel's incompleteness theorem applies to it, and we get:
Theorem. Let $P$ be some mechanical procedure which transforms arithmetical formulas into arithmetical formulas. Assume that the output of $P$ is always semantically equivalent (in $\mathbb N$) to the input. Then there exists a formula which $P$ does not transform into a semantically equivalent formula on the lowest possible level in the arithmetical hierarchy.
Proof. Call a sentence $\phi$ "good" if $P(\phi)$ is a $\Delta^0_0$ sentence that is true. (This concept of "goodness" will take the place of "provable" in our analogy to Gödel).
Our strategy will be to produce a $\phi$ that is true but not good. Then whatever $P(\phi)$ is, it has to be something that is true, because we're assuming $P$ preserves semantics. However, $P(\phi)$ cannot be $\Delta^0_0$, because then $\phi$ would be good, which it isn't. But then $P(\phi)$ must belong somewhere higher in the arithmetical hierarchy, which means that $\phi$ is a formula for which $P$ does not produce output of minimal complexity.
In order to find such a $\phi$, introduce Gödel numbers for formulas in the usual way. Since $P$ is a mechanical procedure, and the property of being a true $\Delta^0_0$ sentence is computable, by Church-Turing and other well-known stuff there is an arithmetical formula $\psi(x)$ that is true exactly when $x$ is the Gödel number of a good formula.
Following Gödel, we can then diagonalize and produce a sentence $\phi$ whose intuitive meaning is "I am not good". (Details of this diagonalization omitted; they are somewhat confusing, not particularly enlightening, and can be found in any good exposition of Gödel's proof).
I claim that $\phi$ is not good. Namely, assume to the contrary that $\phi$ is good. Then by our assumptions on $P$, $\phi$ must be semantically equivalent to true formula -- but then $\phi$ must itself be true, and since it asserts that $\phi$ is not good, we have reached a contradiction.
Therefore $\phi$ is not good. But since that is just what $\phi$ asserts, that means that $\phi$ is true! Q.E.D.
(Essentially the same argument works if you stipulate only that $P$ preserves semantics of formulas with exactly one free variable -- just add in a vacuous "$\cdots\land(x=x)$" at appropriate places in the argument, then).


Every student gets a 90 minute class completely for free!
It is very easy to prepare yourself! Be sure you have a Skype and a Gmail account because this is all you need for your lesson. Fill in the form and we will contact you the soonest possible to arrange the time of the free class.
Whatever you want to add!
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Warner Bros will overseedomestic distribution and The Weinstein Company (TWC) will handle internationalon Imagi Services' upcoming CGI-animated Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles feature.
The companies jointlyacquired the project and have announced a Mar 30 2007 North American releasedate.
Imagi's Kevin Munroe willdirect from his own screenplay that was developed in consultation with Turtlesco-creator Peter Laird.
Thomas K Gray and GalenWalker will produce and Francis Kao, Laird, Gary Richardson and Frederick UFierst will serve as executive producers.
4Kids Entertainment willexclusively handle the all-important worldwide merchandising rights.
This is the first featureproject to revisit the global Turtles brand since 1993, when New Line releasedStuart Gillard's live-action Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III in the US.


Listen to the best MistiqueMusic Showcase shows. Olga Misty - MistiqueMusic showcase 109 on Digitally Imported. #MistiqueMusic Showcase. Jul 22, 2011 genres, mega-pack, drum&bass, progressive. sound quality, MASTER download Michael Gaida - Mistiquemusic Showcase 014 - April 2012. Listen to the best Mistique Music Showcase shows. Apr 12, 2016 20+ Unique Frames to better customize how you would like each icon to be showcased in your game. As well as frames to convey rarity of each.


text:
The Urban Taskforce regularly releases information on the challenges facing the property development industry and our responses to it.
You are here: Home › Media › Mick Cassel to drive DPE to deliver more Homes
Mick Cassel to drive DPE to deliver more Homes
Urban Taskforce CEO, Tom Forrest, today welcomed the announcement of Mick Cassel's appointment to the position of Secretary of the new Planning and Environment portfolio.
Mick Cassel has spent a career working in real estate and construction.
Prior to joining the Land and Housing Corporation, Mr Cassel led the NSW Government's Revitalising Newcastle Program then became Chief Executive of the Hunter and Central Coast Regional Development Corporation.
After joining the Land and Housing Corporation (LAHC) in 2019, Mr Cassel rose to the position of CEO – part of DPIE. Ironically, LAHC, just like so many private sector developers, were regularly frustrated by their planning colleagues. As CEO of LAHC, Mr Cassel has sought to work closely with the private sector and has been a champion of collaborative partnerships.
With a clear mandate to deliver homes of all types, Mick Cassel is an ideal choice as the new Secretary.
Mr Cassel has a clear mandate to address measures which limit the supply of new homes. Urban Taskforce calls on the Government to put a stop to all new measures which put upward pressure on housing prices.
Urban Taskforce would like to thank outgoing Secretary, Kiersten Fishburn. Kiersten came into DPIE at the peak of the first round of the COVID crisis and did an excellent job as the head of the Planning Delivery Unit. While her tenure at the top was short, Ms Fishburn had an immediate impact, building bridges with industry stakeholders and building for the post COVID recovery.
Urban Taskforce members look forward to working with Ms Fishburn in the future and wish her well. It is hoped that she finds a permanent place in Transport for NSW
Ms Fishburn took on the position Secretary in October 2021 following the sudden departure of Jim Betts.
Click here for the PDF file.


text:
Häng dom högt (engelska Hang 'Em High) är en amerikansk western från 1968 i regi av Ted Post med Clint Eastwood i huvudrollen. Filmen hade Sverigepremiär den 18 januari 1969.

Handling
Oklahoma 1889: Jed Cooper håller på att driva en liten boskapshjord över en liten bäck när ett gäng män omringar honom och anklagar honom för stöld av boskap. Jed visar dem ett kvitto på att han köpt boskapen lagligt, men mannen han köpt kreaturen av visar sig vara en boskapstjuv som har mördat hjordens riktige ägare. Jed säger att han inte visste nåt om mordet, men ingen tror på honom utan de hänger honom i ett träd och rider iväg. Men Jed blir räddad i sista sekunden av den federale sheriffen Dave Bliss som skär ner Jed och tar med honom till Fort Grant, där den territoriella domaren Adam Fenton fastställer att Jed är oskyldig. Jed får ett erbjudande om att bli US Marshall, vilket han accepterar, men blir samtidigt varnad av Fenton att inte döda de nio männen som lynchade honom.

Om filmen
Filmen är inspelad vid White Sands National Monument i Alamogordo och Las Cruces i New Mexico samt i Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios i Culver City, Kalifornien.

Rollista (i urval)
Clint Eastwood - Marshall Jed Cooper
Inger Stevens - Rachel Warren
Ed Begley - Captain Wilson, Cooper Hanging Party
Pat Hingle - Judge Adam Fenton
Ben Johnson - Marshal Dave Bliss
Ruth White - Madame 'Peaches' Sophie
Bruce Dern - Miller, Cooper Hanging Party
Alan Hale Jr. - Matt Stone, Cooper Hanging Party
Dennis Hopper - profeten
James MacArthur - prästen

Referenser

Externa länkar

Filmer 1968
Amerikanska westernfilmer
Oklahoma på film
1800-talet på film
1880-talet på film
Engelskspråkiga filmer
Filmer från United Artists

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Establishment of a center of excellence in energy engineering education, research and services in the country and the region.
Development and use of energy engineering knowledge to promote scientific and technical capabilities of the country's energy sector, rational use of energy and optimal use of natural energy resources for sustainable development of Iran and the region.
Participation in national, regional and international efforts to develop clean technologies in production, transmission and consumption of energy, for protection of the country, region and the world environment.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Group work is a fundamental part of most research-based teaching methods in physics~\cite{mcdermott_tutorials_2002,keller_research-based_2007,redish_research-based_2007,heller_cooperative_nodate}. Research on group work focuses on group effectiveness~\cite{keil_identifying_2015}, reasoning~\cite{hoehn_conceptual_2016}, and coordination~\cite{barron_achieving_2000}. These studies focus on "mutuality"~\cite{barron_achieving_2000} and "equity of voice,"~\cite{keil_identifying_2015}. Mutuality is whether individuals in a group can contribute to the group, which was measured by looking at turn-taking norms. Equity of voice is if individuals contribute to the group, as measured by speaking time. This paper will analyze each of these aspects more in depth by focusing on speaking time and how it changes over time within a group. Throughout the paper we will use equality to mean that group members are participating in the same amount and equity to mean each group member has affordances to participate.

Speaking time is readily measurable and closely related to dominance~\cite{mast_dominance_2002}. If all group members have similar dominance over the group, the group is considered equitable. The relationship between dominance and speaking time is stronger for men and increases as group size increases~\cite{mast_dominance_2002}.

Talking time also relates to status within a group; specifically, high status students talk more frequently and present more ideas while low-status students are excluded from participation and are seen as inept~\cite{bianchini_1997}. Students who talk less may also learn less~\cite{cohen_1989}. The goal of group work is to increase learning but the group must be equitable for that learning to be consistent across all students.

Speaking patterns are unpredictable and not equitable if an individual is oppressed~\cite{gutierrez_enabling_2002}. Therefore, we suggest individuals who speak two times more than their group mates are oppressing those group mates. We chose a threshold of 200\% because it is small enough for there to be larger cases but small enough to possibly not occur at all (both seen in~\cite{keil_identifying_2015}). The severity of inequality in our analysis relates to both how many times larger the speaking time difference is and between how many group members this is shared.

As a second measure we analyze conversation equality over time, and the average overall, to understand how equity and equality may relate to one another. How we measured equality over time is discussed later.

Finally, we examine the consistency of speaking time, which shows how a group interacts over time and provides a way to segment videos. If a student begins silent and ends by being the predominant speaker within the group, this could be missed by total speaking time but is easily visible in our conversational consistency analysis, which can also distinguish if a person's speaking time is front heavy, or sporadic, which all could have different implications about a group. We do not discuss these implications in depth here; we simply use the method to see how it might distinguish group behaviors. Segmenting videos is beneficial because it provides less biased segmentation of video for various, possibly more qualitative, forms of analysis.

\section{Context}

   We recorded more than 100 hours of video of students in large group (approximately twenty students) discussions and small group (approximately four students) experiments, discussions, and activities. The students are at a private, doctoral-granting technical institute in the northeast in a two week, pre-college bridge program for first generation (FG) and deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) individuals to prepare them for their STEM field major by reinforcing metacognitive practices. Both FG and DHH identities are often marginalized in college settings; additionally, our participants often hold multiple marginalized identities including gender, sexual, racial, and ethnic identities. In this analysis we ignore those aspects because we suspect inequality can happen in any setting. In the groups we present in this paper, no students used ASL or an interpreter as their primary mode of communication with their group mates.

      We analyzed two groups: one which seemed more equitable and one which seemed less equitable. One student is in both groups. We used three different measures of equity for each group: the first is \textit{overall speaking time and distribution}, the second we call \textit{conversation consistency}, and the third we call \textit{conversation equality}.

\section{Methods}

To measure speaking time we used Behavioral Observation Research Interactive Software (BORIS)~\cite{friard_boris:_2016}, an open source video and audio coding software originally designed to analyze animal behaviors. It allows for coding of states, e.g. when a student is talking, and events, e.g. when a student says a specific word. In our analysis, a student was considered speaking when they spoke loud enough to be heard (by the researcher watching the video, not by the group members) or, regardless of volume, if they occupy the floor, i.e. someone is listening to what they are saying. This addendum is necessary when the audio quality of the video is low or background noise is high. Coding for speaking time in BORIS involved selecting when an individual starts and stops speaking. We considered interjections (hmm, uhh, etc.) part of speaking time if they were preceded or followed by other words from the speaker. Pauses which were shorter than 0.3 seconds were considered talking. If the pause is longer than 0.3 seconds, the person is considered talking during that time only if they are in the middle of a sentence and are uninterrupted.

   We describe their speaking time as the percentage of time an individual spoke compared to the difference between when the first person started talking and when the last person stopped talking. Equity in this measure is defined as similar amounts of speaking time for each group member, less than two times larger.

The following two methods deal with creating conversation vectors. The use of these vectors is novel to our analysis. We decided to use speaking time vectors rather than turns of talk vectors because the former is more suitable for overlapping or interjecting talk. We analyze them alongside the overall speaking time to clarify that speaking time alone doesn't wholly represent the equity of a group.

   To analyze the consistency of a group's conversation we broke an episode into equally sized time bins. Then, we analyzed each bin by creating a ``conversation vector`` for it. A conversation vector has one dimension for each group member, and the length in each direction is how long the person spoke in that bin. To make conversation vectors easier to compare across groups, we normalized them with respects to bin length\footnote{Normalizing also nullifies group silence and when people talk over one another. If the conversation vector is (0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5), this could be all individuals speaking the same amount and never talking over one another but it could also be all individuals talking over one another all the time.}. Finally, we take the dot product of two neighboring conversation vectors over the whole episode. The dot product shows how similar neighboring bins are. A dot product close to 1 means the conversation vectors were very similar while a dot product close to 0 means the conversation vectors were extremely different.  We call strings of highly consistent bins segments. All this information can be represented by what we call ``conversational consistency plots.``

   We chose to make bins that were a divisor of the total episode length, in seconds, because we wanted a homogenized vector length instead of having a vector at the end which was a different length. To decide how many bins to use, we made consistency plots with several different bin amounts and used the graph which best exhibited trends present in most of the produced plots; we expected this would be between 10 and 30 bins. Small bins had eclectic consistency values; large bins show no trends. We sectioned the video into 18 bins, which makes each bin approximately 100 seconds.

   The final form of analysis we use helps to understand speaking time equality within each conversation vector. To do this, we used the same bins and normalized conversation vector as before but we dotted the conversation vector with the equality vector, a unit vector with equal values in each direction. Because both vectors are normalized, the range of conversation equality, for our groups of four, is between 0.5 and 1 \footnote{A least equitable conversation vector is (1,0,0,0). If dotted with the equality vector, the value is 0.5.}. Again, it is important to note that this measures equality of total speaking time and does not control for group members talking over one another.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth, height=4.2cm]{BAATimeline.pdf}
\caption{Group 1's conversation timeline. The horizontal axis is time, in seconds. The vertical axis is the name of who is talking. \label{fig1}}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth, height=5.1cm]{BAAconsisplot.pdf}
\caption{Group 1's consistency (blue) and equality (green) plots. The dashed horizontal lines represent the mean value of equity or consistency. The y axis is the dot product value. The x axis is the conversation bin number.\label{fig2}}
\end{figure}

\section{Analysis: Group 1}
   The first group we decide to display here is from the first full day of the program. The students came in that morning and chose where they wanted to sit. The instructor had students journal their knowledge about the atmosphere for 20 minutes. Then he told the students to develop a representation of the atmosphere using the supplies on their table.

   The first episode includes Brock, Herb, Jakob, and Justin. This group's timeline is shown in Fig. \ref{fig1}. Their speaking percentages are: Brock = 15\%, Herb = 10\%, Jakob = 24\%, and Justin = 35\%. The instructors spoke 10\% of the time. This group has three instances where one individual's speaking time is at least two times larger than their group mates; one of these instances is three times larger. We say this is semi-equitable. To understand this measure more fully we analyze distribution of talk to see how individuals talk throughout the activity. To do this, we begin by analyzing consistency plots then each individual within the timeline.

Figure \ref{fig2} is the consistency plot for the first episode. The first point in the graph is when the primary instructor was speaking, and two students were asking questions, and will not be analyzed here because this paper is concerned with student-student interactions. The plot indicates three segments of conversation: from bins 2 to 10, bin 11, and from bin 12 to 18.The average of their consistency values is 0.912. In the two large segments of conversation, bin 2 to 10 and bin 12 to 18, individuals speaking patterns, seen in Fig. \ref{fig1}, appear similar. It appears that bin 11, while different, did not change the group's interaction.

   In the two large segments, each group member's talking distribution looks different: Justin speaks throughout the video with some periods where he talks longer. Jakob speaks often as well but talks in longer bursts than Justin. Brock and Herb have fewer, and shorter, speaking bursts than Justin and Jakob. Brock and Herb speak more sporadically, for the most part, than Justin or Jakob. Herb appears to have the largest gaps between his speaking times but they appear to grow shorter as time progresses. The large dip of consistency, is a point where Jakob talks for an extended period of time. This could be perceived as the group making room for Jakob to share his idea, however, Jakob appears to speak frequently up until that point, so this appears to be Jakob talking more, in addition to talking a lot. Therefore, we rate this group's consistency as inequitable.

   With regard to this group's equality over time (see Fig. \ref{fig2}), their average equality rating is 0.898. Toward the beginning, the group's equality ratings are further from the mean but bins 12 through 15 it level at, almost exactly, the mean equality rating. None of their equality values appear to be outliers.

\section{Analysis: Group 2}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth, height=4.2cm]{OMSTimeline.pdf}
\caption{Group 2's conversation timeline. The horizontal axis is time, in seconds. The vertical axis is the name of who is talking. \label{fig3}}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth, height=5.1cm]{OMSconsisplot.pdf}
\caption{Group 2's consistency (blue) and equality (green) plots. The dashed horizontal lines represent the mean value of equity or consistency. The y axis is the dot product value. The x axis is the conversation bin number.\label{fig4}}
\end{figure}

The next episode is from a later day when students were in new seats; the students still freely chose these seats. On this day, their task was to create an algebraic equation for the total amount of carbon dioxide that enters the atmosphere. The group members were Brittany, Jessica, Justin, and Pat. Their timeline plot (see Fig. \ref{fig3}) looks different than the previous group and so do their speaking times, which are: Brittany = 12\%, Jessica = 4\%, Justin = 38\% and Pat =5\%. The instructors' speaking time is 13\%. This group has five instances where one group member's speaking time is twice as large as their group member's speaking time. In this group, the largest difference is over nine times larger and the smallest difference is greater than two times as large. For these reasons, we say this group is inequitable with respect to total speaking time.

    This group appears to have three episodes (See Fig. \ref{fig4}): bins 1 through 13, bin 14, and bin 15 through 18. This group's average consistency rating is 0.895, which is close to the previous group's. Justin's talking distribution looks similar to his previous group. Brittany's talking time appears to decrease slowly until bin 13, where it has a slight resurgence, after which point the group begins to talk less overall. In this bin the instructor is speaking the most and Justin is speaking considerably less than in previous bins. The consistency plot does not pertain to the instructor speaking directly but does show how it affects who is speaking in the group. If we compare the earlier time the instructor spoke with the group, there was a smaller shift in consistency, but there was still a shift. This could indicate whether the instructor impacts group dynamics or not. Returning to analyzing talking patterns, Pat talks in sporadic chunks throughout. Jessica's speaking time is small and appears to decrease, slightly, over time. We say this group is inequitable because no room is made for other group members to speak, most notably Jessica. There are a few times after bin 6 where she speaks up but there is not a large change in consistency, suggesting her group mates do not talk less to accommodate her speaking more

    Figure \ref{fig4} shows this group's equality over time. The values are sporadic and, for the most part, not close to the mean, which is 0.709. This is lower than the first group. This is an example of the lower values of equality being more spread out; If one person is talking mostly, any change is substantial change.

\section{Group comparison}
 The groups' timeline and equality plots are easily distinguishable and exhibit different types of behavior. In the first group, there are more similar amounts of contribution than the second. While the distribution of speaking times was not incredibly equitable in the first group, it was more equitable than the second group.

The consistency plots are both similar to one another; each begins with a long string of consistent behavior and around bin 12 there is a change. This is likely a coincidence of the groups we analyzed. A group could work without any drastic changes in consistency or could work with many drastic changes, this also relates to chosen bin size. The consistency plots show times of interest for their respective group but no pattern is, necessarily, more equitable than another.

\section{Conclusions}
   Each of these methods enlightens a different aspect of the group's behavior. Total speaking time is an effective measure of equity but fails to note if an individual's behavior over time changes drastically. For example, it misses Jessica's progressive decrease in speaking time. Conversation consistency provides insight into this missing piece of total speaking time analysis. It also allows for a more natural segmentation of a video segment for different forms of analysis. Conversation Equality is an effective, unbiased baseline to understand a groups behavior over time by quantifying how equal the group behaves. Equality appears to be consistent with inequitable groups (our unequal group was also inequitable) but appears inconsistent with equitable groups (our equal group was not highly equitable).

These quantitative methods can be an effective way to analyze a group. These methods scale to many group sizes and in a multitude of settings and thus are beneficial to the education community at large. To test how effective they are, for groups of various sizes and a wide array of contexts, more research is needed to validate our new measures with qualitative methods to see if they uphold as strong measures of equity or need to be refined to accommodate more types of data. We hope our quantitative measures enhance the theoretical foundation of equity in STEM labs and other contexts.

\acknowledgments{The authors are grateful to the PEER-Rochester and KSUPER groups for their thoughtful commentary and support in this paper. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation grants 1317450 and 1359262. This research was also funded by the Developing Scholars Program, the McNair Scholars Program and the BMBF ``Future Strategy of Teacher Education Cologne'' (ZuS).}

\bibliographystyle{apsrev}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Paperback edition , ISBN13 9781138665750
Among the examples of civil wars, armed secessionist movements and minority uprisings in the world today, many involve conflict between a minority group's aim for political self-determination, and the nation state's resistance to any diminution of sovereignty. With the expansion of the international regime of human rights, minority groups have reconceptualised their struggle with the understanding that a minority which is linguistically, religiously or ethnically distinctive is entitled to self-determination if their aspirations cannot be met. This book explores the relationship between minority rights, self-determination and secession within international law, by contextualising these issues in a detailed case study of the rise of Tamil separatism in Sri Lanka. Welhengama and Pillay show how Tamil communalism hardened into secession and assess whether the Sri Lankan government has met its obligations with respect to the right to self-determination short of secession. Focusing on the legal and human rights arguments for secession by the Tamil community of the North and East of Sri Lanka, the book demonstrates how the language of international law and international human rights played a major role in the development of the arguments for secession. Through a close examination of the case of the Tamil's secessionist movement the book presents valuable insights into why modern nation states find themselves threatened by separatist claims and bids for independence based on ethnicity.
Other Jurisdictions , Asia
2. The Island and its People
3. The gift of Empire
4. The Dawn of Communalism
5. The role of Tamil Politicians of the time: The Ponnambalm Brothers
6. Winter of Discontent: Tamil Communalism
7. Politicians who championed communalism: G.G. Ponnambalm
8. The Emergence of Federalism
9. Edging Towards Secession.
10. Tamil separatism. Was it due to Sinhala Communalism?
11. Tamil Eelam by Virtue of Self-Determination
12. Devolution of Power as a Solution to the Ethnic Conflict of Sri Lanka


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text:
About FLAME
What FLAME is all about.
Home - About US - About FLAME
FLAME University exists to build an aspirational destination for students and faculty, to push the design and nature of studies and to create a societal upgradation phenomenon particularly in the fields of liberal education and leadership. It has been established as a state private university in Maharashtra. It is a fully philanthropic initiative with an aim contribute to society in a noble manner.
FLAME University is the pioneer of liberal education in India. The University's main objective is to offer an inter-disciplinary platform of education that provides both breadth and depth in diverse areas of knowledge. The liberal education ethos at FLAME University inculcates leadership and risk-taking abilities in students and focuses on discovering one's passion. The student-centric learning is delivered by esteemed faculty scholars in a world-class campus setting.
FLAME University currently offers undergraduate & postgraduate programs across various disciplines all anchored in the core ethos of liberal education. The university currently consists of – FLAME School of Liberal Education, FLAME School of Business, FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of Fine & Performing Arts.


I see the post previous to this one is titled Where Did February and March Go? will your next post please be titled Where Did May and June Go?
By the way, happy 2 month anniversary to your last post!
You've done and experienced quite a bit since your last post - 'sup?


text:
Choke points
Border wars
Rewiring the financial system
How India leapfrogged the West in payments
Bitfinex digs in for New York legal fight
ACCOUNT, Featured, Latest
The law for crypto-asset custody
Written by New Money Review Staff on November 25, 2019
More in ACCOUNT:
Choke points January 13, 2020
Border wars January 10, 2020
Rewiring the financial system January 5, 2020
In developed financial markets, a fundamental principle of the legal regime is that a financial institution's assets and its clients' assets are kept separate. That way, if the institution goes bust, clients should not lose money.
But there have been multiple past cases where financial institutions failed to perform this duty of care. The collapses of Lehman Brothers and MF Global each exposed multi-billion dollar holes in client money accounts. And even the giants of the custody business, such as BNY Mellon, have recently been sanctioned for poor practices in this area.
In theory, crypto-assets, whose ownership can be secured using unbreakable mathematical algorithms, offer a way to increase standards of care. However, the rules for the safe-keeping of assets like cryptocurrencies and other digital tokens are still evolving, and often depend on legal principles developed over centuries of common law.
James Burnie, senior associate and head of the blockchain and crypto-assets practice at Eversheds Sutherland, throws light on the law for the custody of crypto-assets in this exclusive interview with New Money Review.
James Burnie
New Money Review: James, the UK Jurisdiction Taskforce recently released a legal statement saying that crypto-assets should be treated as property.
The Taskforce went on to say that since crypto-assets cannot be physically possessed, they cannot be the object of a 'bailment'—which is a concept in common law systems for a transfer of possession without a transfer of ownership.
Your firm has released a statement saying the Taskforce's approach doesn't give the full picture. What do you think is missing?
James Burnie: When people talk about crypto-assets, they often focus on bitcoin and ethereum. But there are many other crypto-assets out there. Some crypto-asset tokens are linked one-to-one to gold, for example. And that gold can be subject to bailment.
So although it's correct to say that the tokens themselves are not subject to bailment, you may be taking bailment of the underlying asset, and you may be recording part of that information in the token itself. We think it would have been helpful if the report had recognised this.
In fact, lots of our clients who are holding physical assets on a blockchain will use bailment as part of their legal set-up.
"The problem you face with any physical asset is the question of whether the asset really exists"
New Money Review: Could you give a practical example to explain why this legal point is important?
James Burnie: The problem you face with any physical asset is the question of whether the asset really exists.
There's an old legal case where someone had a gold bar, wrote a number on it, gave it to someone and said 'this is your gold bar'. But then they gave everyone the same gold bar with the same number. In effect, they resold the same bar many times over and so, when insolvency happened, we were left with a single gold bar being split between all the buyers, rather than a gold bar for each buyer.
To get around this risk, the asset should be set up in a specialist legal structure. This should make it clear that the assets do not belong to the holder of the asset and are free from the risk of the holder's insolvency. And in the case of a physical asset, that legal structure will usually take the form of something like bailment.
"he who has access to the bitcoin private key effectively has the power"
New Money Review: But even though the UK Jurisdiction Taskforce has just said that crypto-assets cannot be the object of a bailment, Wyoming, in the US, passed a law earlier this year saying the opposite: that crypto-assets can be held under a bailment. These are both common law systems. Why the difference in approach, and does it matter?
James Burnie: A common problem is that different jurisdictions will take the same word and interpret it to mean different things. Lawyers can get excited over whether a particular structure is a trust or a bailment.
But from a practical perspective, what matters is whether my assets are being held in a way that's safe. And, if the person holding them goes bust, do I have a problem.
There's a pragmatic reality—he who has access to the bitcoin private key effectively has the power. You can have the world's most beautifully drafted bailment agreement. But if the actual physical asset disappears, together with the people holding it, I've got a problem.
Equally, although a trust is useful, and if everyone involved is being honest and clean, it works, there are other things people will want to see to give them the satisfaction that you offer a credible and legitimate way of holding crypto-assets.
New Money Review: How do you see the market for the custody of crypto-assets evolving?
James Burnie: First, we are seeing the rise of pure crypto custodians. It's an unregulated market, so long as you stay clear of security tokens. Apps to store crypto-assets like bitcoin and ether are now appearing on Apple and Android devices.
Second, there's another set of custodians for crypto-assets linked to real world assets like commodities. They will tend to use trust or similar structures. In that world, the person setting up the crypto-asset trading platform will have an arrangement with a separate group that looks after the property. For commodities, that means a relationship with someone specialised in holding the particular asset.
The third group of custodians looks after security tokens: tokens representing shares, bonds and so on. Here, you start going back quite quickly towards the existing infrastructure for securities, and you are generally going to have to navigate the usual legal frameworks for these crypto-assets.
"As long as a private key is held securely, it's the best form of signature possible"
New Money Review: In its statement, the UK Jurisdiction Taskforce said it recognises a cryptographic private key as adequate for signing legal documents where there's a statutory requirement for a signature. How significant is this? Will it lead to a boost in the commercial applications of crypto-assets?
James Burnie: I think it will definitely assist. We're still in a world where if you do an M&A transaction, there's a whole number of people waiting to sign documents in wet ink, scan them, pass them on to lawyers, and so on. This is not legally required, not in keeping with how businesses are run, nor does it fit how normal people see the world.
As long as a private key is held securely, it's the best form of signature possible. A wet ink signature can be fraudulently copied. So if you see a wet ink signature on a legal document, the next thing you usually see is a witness's signature, verifying that the first signature is what it says it is.
This recognition of the uses of private keys by the Taskforce should help give blockchain firms a boost.
"The global picture for crypto-asset regulation is incredibly varied"
New Money Review: How does the UK Jurisdiction Taskforce's statement fit into the global picture for crypto-asset regulation?
James Burnie: The global picture for crypto-asset regulation is incredibly varied. And that's true even within individual countries, such as the US, where each state has its own approach.
The short answer is that jurisdictions like Singapore have stolen a march in this area, for example because they changed their payment services regulation to refer specifically to crypto-assets. Other countries like Abu Dhabi have also introduced a dedicated legal regime for digital assets. There hasn't been a similar development in the UK.
But the key point is to separate reality from perception. The UK isn't unfriendly to crypto-assets, even though there hasn't been a specific change to the legal framework. And the UK Jurisdiction Taskforce's statement will help cure any perception of the UK lagging in this area.
New Money Review: What are the broader implications of these legal developments? For example, how has the introduction of crypto-assets changed our concept of money?
James Burnie: A lot of the original cryptocurrencies were never designed to be money—even if they could perform some of the functions of money.
But we may one day go in that direction. For example, a government could introduce a cryptocurrency to address an issue of credibility with its population. The cryptocurrency would have to play by the rules of the blockchain, so the government would be limited in how it could interfere.
And blockchain technology offers other potential advantages. Take ERC tokens, the standard that's been developed on the back of the ethereum network. Here, there's a move towards each token being individually identifiable.
Let's compare this with the way investment funds are currently managed. If you take money into a fund and mix it, no one knows whose money is represented by which assets. As a result, we have to create a whole lot of rules on top, for example, determining how client money is managed.
But if you can have a token telling us who owns exactly which pound coin within the system, there could be very significant implications for how shared investments are managed.
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April 5, 2019 1990sBTCC
Matt Neal makes History at Donington – 20 Years On
When British Touring Car Championship boss Alan Gow waved a carrot of £250,000 to the series' Independent entries to win a race outright during 1999, experienced Independent driver Matt Neal took the bait. However, the seeds for 1999 were sewn much before then…
We sat down with Matt at the Autosport International show in Birmingham, to chat about the build up to the 1999 BTCC season and that famous first ever outright BTCC indepedent win.
"I was disappointed at the end of 1998 that we didn't win the independents championship, but I always asked everyone involved in the team – the sponsors etc. would they prefer me to go for independent wins, or would they prefer to go for outright positions & they always wanted to go for outright positions.. you always aim for the bigger picture, I guess."
Matt's aim to get as many outright points in 1998 cost him the chance of winning the Independent's title to Tommy Rustad.
Once the 1998 season had finished, Matt headed to Bathurst to team up with Steve Richards in the famous Bathurst 1000 race meeting. It was his chance to get in a NME (Nissan Motorsport Europe) prepared Nissan Primera, with the latest spec of tyre.
"We had a great result at the end of 1998 and it was good to get in the latest spec Nissan. With a 2nd place, it was a good way to end the season."
Matt racing the NME prepared Nissan Primera at Bathurst in 1998.
Prior to the 1998 season finishing, Ford had announced that it had signed Nissan's Anthony Reid to race one of their Mondeos in 1999, meaning there was a spot available at the Nissan works team.
"Nissan were smarting that Reidy (Anthony Reid) had left for Ford, but I told Alec Poole (Nissan Motorsport Europe boss) not to worry, because Bathurst was the first time I had driven the latest Nissan on the newest tyres and the car was mega. I pushed them for Reid's old seat… even offered to drive for the team for nothing! They went away and ended up signing Laurent Aiello for 700 grand a year. I was pretty pissed off about that!"
Volvo were also keen on securing Matt's services, wanting him to replace the underperforming Gianni Morbidelli for 1999.
"Volvo came along and offered me a test at the start of 1999. Andy King from TWR invited to Jerez for a test, but I found the car hard work. It was okay, but tricky. In the end, I got my head around the car, but basically, it wasn't a Nissan."
"I then did a test with the Nissan in Albacete and it was mega – the car felt amazing. After that, TWR were pushing for an answer, and I remember sitting in my office trying to make a decision on where to go when the phone went – it was Volvo wanting an answer. I couldn't believe it, but I found myself saying no."
Matt had been pushing all his BTCC career to get into a well funded manufactuer setup, so why did he turn it down?
"At first, I thought I had made the biggst mistake of my life! All these years I had waited to get into a well funded works programme & I turned it down! Hindsight shows that it was probably the best decision of my career."
After Matt turned Volvo down, they turned to Belgian Vincent Radermecker to take the drive.
Heading into the Donington meeting, Matt was feeling confident. Tyre regulation changes for the 1999 season meant that the independent teams were able to run the same tyres as the manufacturer outfits.
"I knew the potential, because we were running the factory tyres at Bathurst and they were unbelievable, they were just mega and totally transformed the car."
The 1999 season started at Donington Park at Matt shocked the field by sticking his independent Nissan on pole position for the first feature race of the season.
"Getting pole at the first meeting of the season didn't go down too well with Nissan, I don't think it fitted with their remit because we had our place – which was to get in the way of all the other factory cars – but certainly not the Nissans. They could control you so much with things like engine spec, car spec – they almost decided where you fitted on the grid."
The first race of the season, however, was the sprint race – which Matt had qualified 2nd on the grid for, however, after a bad start and an incident with Jean-Crisophe Boullion, Matt had to settle for fifth behind David Leslie's manufacutrer Primera. Prior arrangements meaning that Matt wouldn't challenge David. This meant that all the pressure was on the second race of the day.
"I got into the lead of race one from pole position and to be honest, everything was looking great. The race itself went to plan and everything was going smoothly"
Matt takes the lead of the feature race at Donington.
At the time, the feature race contained a compulsory pit stop, drivers having to come in and change a minimum of two tyres. That's where all the drama started. Matt came into the pits and whilst attempting to pull away, stalled the engine.
"The cars were very edgy, they were on smaller rims back then. I came in for the pitstop, that all went fine & when I went to pull away, it just stalled. I thought, oh fuck – its all over. The Nissan Primera was an absolute pig to start – if you ever stalled it, it wouldn't start up again if the engine was hot. The same thing happened at Bathurst! I hit the starter button in hope, not expecting it to restart and it just fired up. I mean, I still fucked up, but at least I was still in the race – but in my mind, the chance of the win was gone."
The crucial pitstop – moments after this shot, Matt would stall the Nissan as he attempted to leave the pits.
Matt come back out of the pits in fifth place with Thompson, Menu, Rydell and Muller now ahead of him. Muller was soon dispatched after his bonnet peeled back after contact with Rydell. On the same lap Menu crawled into the pits into retirement, leaving Matt in third.
Matt passes Muller, who had trouble keeping his bonnet down!
"I got past Rickard at Redgate, after nearly stuffing it up trying to pass him at the Craners, then it was a case of trying to catch Thommo by the end of the race. Back then you had three options of slick tyre and you could mix them up on different axles or corners, not have to run a uniform set like you do now."
"Jimmy (Thompson) always used to go agressive, he used to always go soft – which meant he would struggle to make the end of the race if he constantly pushed. With the Nissan, we could always use a combination of hard and medium, with maybe a soft on the right rear. That gave me hope that we could reel him back in, but I didn't know for sure, so I had to push!
Matt caught Thompson and overtook him at the Old Hairpin, which left the packed Donington Park crowds cheering in appreciation.
Matt overtakes Thompson for the lead at the Old Hairpin.
"Making that overtake was the only time I heard the crowds whilst driving a Super Touring car – they were really noisy bits of kit. The resonense of the engines, they really were incredibly noisy. You could hear the roar of the crowd though, it made my hairs on the back of my neck stand up. It was amazing!"
The Team Dynamics crew go wild as Matt takes the lead.
With only a few laps remaining, Matt pulled out a 5 second lead to Thompson and famously took his first ever outright BTCC victory, collecting that £250,000 cheque from ToCA in the process.
Matt takes the chequered flag to create history as the first independent to win a round of the BTCC.
"It was surreal really, because the whole pit wall was out, every team delighted to see us win. The win obviously helped us, because it changed the team – gave us an influx of money which we could do various things with. We had to give some of it to Nissan, because we were contractually bound to, we gave some to the employees – we shared it because we had done it together."
Matt celebrates with his team.
"It was undoubtedly one of the high points of my career, but it was also one of the biggest anti-climaxes the next day, because it was something I fought for throughout my career, but the next day I woke up really deflated, because I thought that it doesn't really change anything! It doesn't change me, doesn't make me a better person or anything like that. I got into the office the following week and I had my PR guy on the phone to people in Australia for interviews, but nothing really changed."
"Alan Gow was delighted for us though. Obviously, he had insured against it and paid the premium, so he was just chuffed to bits. He said that he wished the story had gone on later in the year, but it is still one of the biggest stories and talking points of BTCC history."
Head of TOCA, Alan Gow, presents a cheque to Matt on the podium for becoming the first ever independent to win a round of the BTCC.
"I still get people coming up to me now, 20 years later saying that they were there on that day, or that they were watching on BBC Grandstand that day & that's pretty special."
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Shot in the magical city of Athens, BERTA's new bridal couture offering – the Fall 2019 collection – is unlike nothing before. Featuring a tantalising array of chic silhouettes, full glam embellishments, and delicate capes, it is the perfect combination of drama, romance and glam. Even better, the collection boasts the stunning new Victoria's Secret model Lorena Rae as the face of the campaign!


Running is one of the most popular physical / leisure activities in Malaysia. Believe it or not, running is actually a great way to increase our overall level of health. Through running activities it also can strengthen the relationship between societies. Therefore, Kelab Olahraga Pangkor has taken an initiative to organize "PANGKOR RUN 2019" to hold fitness activities for the community. For the past three years of this event being held, it has received remarkable response. Therefore we hope this year event will also received a good response. So are you ready to get fit and fun? If so, let's register now!
Self Collection: Kindly be reminded to bring your confirmation slip or NRIC for verification.
For who require special arrangement for race kit collection please drop an email at kelabolahragapangkor@gmail.com or whatsapp to 019-5712666.
There will not be any race pack collection on the event day. To those who did not adhere to the event organizer's dates for Race Kit Collection, please contact the event organizer after the event day to schedule the collection.
No refund will be made if runners want to cancel the registration. Once registration has been duly processed, there will be no fee refund for participants who do not eventually participate in the event for whatever reason.
The race results are final and indisputable.
Runners are to proceed to race venue for further instructions.
If there are any delays, announcements will be made.
If it rains during the race, announcements will be made by the marshals along the running route to advice participants to take shelter. Participants can proceed with the run at their own risk.
You will be disqualified if you were found cheating by taking shortcuts, use any sort of vehicle for assistance, do not carry the mandatory items or commit any act harmful to other runners and officials.
Any participant found to be violating any organizer terms or have not provided true or correct information in the registration form would be disqualified from the event.
Organizer reserves the right to revoke any title and/or reclaim any prize awarded to any winner if winner is found to have not complied with the event rules and regulations.
Participant shall wear only number bib provided by the organizer and be pinned onto the clothing, in front at all times during the race.
Failure to abide to this rule may result to penalty or disqualification.
Bib transfer is not allowed due to administrative reason.
Upon registration, all participants accept the use and dissemination of any images, videos, and photographs that may be taken from the event and their participation, may it be for advertising, commercial, or any other purposes.
All participants must follow the rules and instructions given by the race director, staff, volunteers, medical staff and law enforcement.
All participants must also inform the medical team of any illness or injury that occurs during or in conjunction with the event.
Organizer reserves to the right to add, delete or make any amendments to the terms & conditions and rules & regulations without giving any reason whatsoever and without prior notice.
Any updates on the rules and regulations of the event will be notified on the official FB page https://www.facebook.com/PangkorRun2019 and it is the responsibility of the participants to keep abreast with any changes.
There will strictly be no fee refund if the event is cancelled for reason due to occurrence of incidents that are beyond the control of the organizer or acts of God which renders it impossible or unsafe to hold the event.


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363 entries found.
dark (adj.)
Middle English derk, later dark, from Old English deorc "without light, lacking light or brightness (especially at night), obscure, gloomy;" figuratively "sad, cheerless; sinister, wicked," from Proto-Germanic *derkaz (source also of Old High German tarchanjan "to hide, conceal"), which is of uncertain etymology. For vowel change, see marsh.
Application to colors, "not radiating or reflecting much light," is from late 14c. Of complexion, "not fair," from early 14c. Figurative sense of "obscure, not easily understood" is from early 13c.; that of "sullen, sad" is from 1590s. Meaning "concealed, secret" is from late 14c. Dark Continent "Africa" (1828) combines several figurative senses (earliest references are in missionary publications). Theater slang for "closed" is from 1916.
Dark Ages "benighted time in history, period of ignorance" is attested by 1739; the specific focus on the centuries of the early Middle Ages in Europe, from the fall of Rome to the revival of secular literature, is from 1830s, from dark in a sense of "characterized by ignorance, backward in learning, void of intellectual light" (late 14c.).
Dark horse "competitor for honors or office about whom nothing certain is known, or whose identity is at first concealed," especially, in U.S., politics, "one who is unexpectedly brought forward as a candidate in a convention," 1842, is an image from horse racing, of horses whose performances or capabilities are not generally known, in which dark is used in its figurative sense of "unknown."
Moonraker is called a "dark horse"; that is neither his sire nor dam is known. ["Pierce Egan's Book of Sports," London, 1832]
dark (n.)
early 13c., derk, "absence of light, night-time," from dark (adj.). Figurative in the dark "in a state of ignorance" is from 1670s; earlier it meant "in secrecy, in concealment" (late 14c.).
dark-room (n.)
also darkroom, in photography, "room from which any light that would affect a photographic plate or film has been excluded," 1841, from dark (adj.) + room (n.).
Middle Ages (n.)
"period between ancient and modern times" (formerly roughly 500-1500 C.E., now more usually 1000-1500), attested from 1610s, translating Latin medium aevum (compare German mittelalter, French moyen âge).
darksome (adj.)
"somewhat dark, gloomy, shadowy," 1520s; see dark (adj.) + -some.
fuscous (adj.)
"dark-colored, of brown tinged with gray," 1660s, from Latin fuscus "dark, swarthy, dark-skinned" (see dusk). Earlier as fusc, fusk (1560s).
medievalist (n.)
1847, "proponent of medieval styles, one who sympathizes with the spirit and principles of the Middle Ages," from medieval + -ist. From 1882 as "one versed in the history of the Middle Ages."
bombazine (n.)
(also bombasine, bambazine), 1550s, "raw cotton;" 1570s, "twilled or corded dress material woven of silk and wool, always inexpensive and of the same color," from French bombasin (14c.) "cotton cloth," from Medieval Latin bombacinium "silk texture," from Late Latin bombycinium, neuter of bombycinius "silken," from bombyx "silk, silkworm," from Greek bombyx (see bombast). The post-classical transfer of the word from "silk" to "cotton" may reflect the perceived "silk-like" nature of the fabric, or a waning of familiarity with genuine silk in the European Dark Ages, but compare bombast.
medievalism (n.)
"beliefs and practices characteristic of the Middle Ages," 1846, from medieval + -ism.
place in California; according to Bright, the name is Obsipeño (Chumashan) /pismu'/ "tar, asphalt," literally "the dark stuff," from /piso'/ "to be black, dark."


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Q: Magento Form in 2 columns I have 2 forms on one page in the admin of Magento
I would like them side by side, one is informational only and the other is editable
I have been playing with the layout.xml reference name="left" and "right" however I have been unsuccessful, can anyone please help?
Thanks

A: I have resolved this by using a wrapper
in the layout.xml
<reference name="content">
    <block type="block" name="name"/>
</reference>

template file

        <?php echo $this->getLayout()->createBlock('blockname')->toHtml(); ?>

        <?php echo $this->getLayout()->createBlock('blockname')->toHtml(); ?>