A 94-year-old wheelchair-bound man appears in court in Muenster, Germany, Nov. 6, 2018, accused of helping to murder hundreds of people at a Nazi concentration camp during World War II. Photo: Guido Kirchner / Pool via Reuters.
During the trial, the wheelchair-bound man told the court that he had never been a Nazi and that he was not indifferent to the suffering of inmates.
The man was accused of knowing about killings between 1942 and 1944, when he served at Stutthof, near what is now the Polish city of Gdansk. About 65,000 people, including many Jews, were murdered or died there, according to the Stutthof museum's website.
"People were killed with a shot in the back of the head. People were left to starve, to freeze," Chief Prosecutor Andreas Brendel, one of Germany's most active Nazi hunters, said in court.


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Somali Pirates: "Pirates kill 2 hostages on hijacked vessel" - 16 Freed by Danish Navy
Headline: "Denmark: Pirates kill 2 hostages on hijacked vessel". Rest of story reveals a rescue effort by the Danes that saved 16 hostages and prevented another Somali pirate "mothership" from getting to sea to hijack more ships:
Two hostages were killed and 16 others freed when a Danish warship intercepted a cargo vessel that had been hijacked by pirates off Somalia's coast.
Navy spokesman Kenneth Nielsen said Tuesday that 17 pirates were detained in Monday's anti-piracy operation. He declined to give the nationalities of the hostages.
HDMS Absalon
Danish ship HDMS Absalon had been following the hijacked vessel for several days, Nielsen said. The cargo ship had been used as a mothership from which pirates sailed out in smaller boats to attack other vessels.
He said HDMS Absalon intervened when the vessel tried to move away from the coast on Monday. "(It) stopped the mothership before it could become a threat against the shipping on the open sea."
Good on the Danes. Sorry for the hostage life loss, but the Somali pirates are to blame for hijacking the ship in the first place. From the Danish Navy (Google translate version):
Dnaish Navy photo of pirated vessel
ABSALON has stopped another pirate mothership The ship was stopped by ABSALON yesterday. The Danish warship Absalon has on 27 February 2012 halted a pirate mother ship. During the incident two hostages on pirate mother ship killed. ABSALON has for several days been watching a pirate mother ship off the Somali coast. Sunday night attempted pirate mother ship to sneak away from the coast. ABSALON was inserted and stopped the mother ship before it could pose a threat to shipping on the high seas. As neither the call, or cry unto warning shot to bring the pirate mother ship to a stop, was ABSALON strength of the NATO head allowed to firing equipment aboard the mother ship piracy, with a view to bringing the vessel to a stop. This fire was on board suspected pirates to surrender. ABSALON crew could then take control of the pirate mother ship. On board the pirate mother ship took ABSALON crew 17 suspected pirates and 18 hostages from the mother ship's original crew. Two hostages were found badly injured, and even with a rapid assistance from ABSALON doctor stood their life to save. The circumstances that led to the two hostages were killed is not yet known. Military Auditor Corps investigates the facts surrounding the incident. Danish authorities will, in line with the actual course of events relating to the hijacking of the mother ship clarified assess the possibilities to prosecute suspected pirates. Anyone from ABSALON's crew is in good shape.
Posted by Mark Tempest at 2/29/2012 09:09:00 AM No comments:
Labels: Counterpiracy, NATO, Pirate Motherships, Royal Danish Navy, Somali Pirates
Gulf of Guinea Pirates: 2 Dutch Sailors Taken Hostage
Pirates off the Nigerian coast have repeated an old trick in the area and grabbed a pair of hostages, as reported in "Sea pirates take 2 Dutch seamen hostage":
On Tuesday, sea pirates attacked a Dutch ship off Nigeria's coast and took the Captain and Engineer-in-Chief hostage.
According to the France Presse news agency, one crewmember was injured. No ransom demands have been reported.
Posted by Mark Tempest at 2/29/2012 08:42:00 AM 2 comments:
Labels: Gulf of Guinea Pirates, Nigerian Pirates
Somali Pirates: Hijacking
NATO reports a hijacking here:
016/12 28/02/2012 12:05 15.02 54.93
Pirated Alert 016/2012 - Pirated
---WARNING WARNING WARNING---
At 281206Z FEB 12 a merchant vessel is currently under attack by 1 skiff in position 15 01N 054 56 E
*** Vessel is hijacked ***
Labels: Gulf of Aden, Somali Pirates
Strait of Hormuz Pirates?
The IMB reports an attempted attack at the mouth of the Strait of Hormuz here:
Attack Number: 062-12
Date: Sat Feb 25 2012
Type of Vessel : Container
Attack Posn Map :
IMB map of attack. I added the arrow to point out Somalia.
Location detail: Northern approaches to Straits of Hormuz.
Type of Attack : Attempted
Narrations: 25.02.2012: 0315 UTC: Posn: 26:08.9N - 056:42.1E, Northern approaches to Stratis of Hormuz, Gulf of Oman (Off Somalia) {Wow! Way off Somalia!}.
A container ship underway noticed three skiffs at a distance of 2nm approaching her at high speed. Master raised alarm, activated SSAS, altered course, non-essential crew mustered in the citadel and the onboard armed guards took their position. The armed guards fired warning shots when the skiffs closed to a distance of 1nm resulting in the pirates aborting the attack and moving away.
Labels: Sea Piracy, Strait of Hormuz
Ask Mr. Travel: Are there any good deals on Italian cruise ship tours?
Ask Mr. Travel get many questions about cruising the high seas. Most recently, these questions have focused on what cruise lines to sail.
Well, I am pleased to say that the Italians have come up with something completely different in international travel, the "Voyages of the Damned Accursed Adventure Cruise Series."
Perhaps you've seen some exciting articles in the travel press about the "we'll be talking about this forever" adventure cruise off Kenya in which the cruise ship catches fire and loses power in "pirate-infested" waters and has to be towed back to port. Like this one, "French Tugboat Reaches Italian Cruise Ship Adrift In Pirate-infested Indian Ocean After Fire".
Watch the latest video at video.foxnews.com
Or the long-running "Let's Drive Ship on the Rocks" adventure, which ends in a flurry of lawyers trying to beat the contractual and international law governing recoveries for survivors! Talk about exciting!
Yes, while thousands board ships hoping to have a little romance, a little over indulgence in wine and food and a trip to some beach where they can stare at the some ocean they were just riding on, most come home with perhaps with only a norovirus to talk about.
These new adventure cruises are really making headlines! So, sign up now for one of these cruises before the adventures are all gone.
The prices are low now, but once this new form of "adventure cruising" catches on, well, book early and book often.
Labels: Cruise ships, Not So Much Humor
The Forever Airplane
When I was small child living on a Air Force base near Yosemite, one day all the huge B-36 bombers flew away. They were replaced by the first B-52's in 1955. Fifty-six years later, it appears the B-52 will not soon be fading away. In fact, they may just go on and on and on . . . as reported at The B-52 Gets a 21st-Century Upgrade:
The B-52s tasked with this mission will fly until at least 2040, representing nearly a century of active duty. The airframes and engines will remain the same, but the birds will be upgraded with new hardware (as well as with the nuclear brawn) to extend their service lives.
Now, if I can only find a way to get that sort of upgrade . . . perhaps I can make it to 2040, too.
Labels: B-52
Sea Pirates: Mystery Ship of Armed Men Off the Comores Islands
Red circle is around the Comoros
Actually, the original headline is better than mine: "Interpol asked to help after arrest of 'pirate' ship captained by Bulgarian".
Interpol has been asked to assist in the investigation that has followed the arrest of an alleged pirate ship crew, captained by a man reported to be a Bulgarian, off the coast of the Comores on February 18 2012, media in Mauritius said.
Security forces carried out the arrests of the 10 armed men, who said that they were Kenyan police escorting a vessel to South Africa.
However, they had no documentation to prove this and were not wearing Kenyan police uniforms, reports said.
The presence of weapons on board the ship had raised concerns, given the history of coups in the Comoros, the report said.
I'm sure there is good explanation.
Just probably not a legal one.
Labels: Comoros, Mystery Ship, Sea Piracy
My Review: Act of Valor
ACT OF VALOR is a movie about Navy SEALS that highlights and honors Navy SEALS.
Along the way, the rest of the Navy - the submariners, Special Boat Units, helicopter units, ships and other things are shown off. Lots of good pictures.
If you have a warrior ethos, you will get this movie.
If you are a conflicted film critic who sits watching cinema all day - probably not so much.
Good guys, bad guys cleanly divided.
Not "nuanced" in the liberal sense.
Recommended for the 9% warrior class of the U.S.
Will probably make Nancy Pelosi's head explode if she were to see it.
So, good flick.
P.S. Don't worry about the acting, it suffices. Actually, it's better than in a lot of "big" movies you've seen.
Midrats Sunday: Episode 112 February Free For All
Episode 112 February Free For All 02/26 by Midrats on Blog Talk Radio:
We do this a couple of times a year - yes, my friends, it is a "Midrats Free For All."
Is there a topic we have not covered that you want Sal from "CDR Salamander" or me to address? Better yet - do you have a question you want them to answer?
Well, now is your chance. We'll cover the topics of the week on our own - but for a change you can jump the line.
Call in or hop in the chat room this Sunday from 5-6pm EST, you never know what topic will come up.
Click here to join us. If you miss the show, you can listen to it or download from that same location or on iTunes.
Posted by Mark Tempest at 2/26/2012 12:12:00 PM No comments:
Labels: Midrats on Blogtalkradio
Somali Pirates: The Week of 19 Feb 2012
A summary of the week of Somali piracy from Office of Naval Intelligence's Piracy Analysis and Warning Weekly:
(U) Vessels Hijacked:
(U) ARABIAN SEA: Vehicle carrier M/V LEILA reportedly hijacked on 15 February while underway 50 nm south-southwest of Sadh, Oman. (Press)
(U) Vessels Boarded: No current incidents to report.
(U) Vessels Fired Upon/Attempted Boardings:
(U) INDIAN OCEAN: Chemical tanker attacked on 18 February while underway near position 05:29 S - 064:02 E, approximately 500 nm east of the Seychelles. One skiff was noted approaching ship from 2 nm. As the skiff closed to a half nautical mile, it stopped and five to six pirates with RPGs and automatic weapons were seen by bridge crew. The onboard armed security team fired warning shots; pirates aboard the skiff returned fire with automatic weapons then moved away. (IMB)
(U) ARABIAN SEA: Tanker attacked on 22 February while underway in position 13:30 N – 050:22 E, in the Arabian Sea. One skiff sighted approaching the ship from 1.6 nm from starboard bow. The onboard armed security team came to the bridge and identified weapons in the skiff and fired one warning shot. The pirates then fired upon the tanker with AK-47s. An exchange of fire took place with the security team. Master took evasive maneuvers, sent a distress message, contacted relevant authorities, and mustered non-bridge crew personnel in a safe room. A nearby warship dispatched a helicopter to the location. The pirates aborted the attempted attack after firing 50-60 rounds and moved away. (IMB)
Captured vessels:
And the "pirate weather warning" - the redder the better for pirate small boat operations:
Labels: ONI, Somali Pirates
Somali Pirates: Disposable Vessels Prompt Hijacking?
Maritime Executive Magazine says "UAE Cargo Ship Hijacked Off Oman, Somali Pirates May Have Needed Ship Repair and Parts" :
MV Leila (Neptune Marine Security photo)
Maritime security officials have confirmed that MV Leila, built in 1973, was hijacked by Somali pirates last week. The International Maritime Bureau reports that the vessel was captured off Oman. [See here]
It is also being reported that the pirates may have just needed help repairing their own ship, resulting in this hijacking. {Ship reportedly is now in in a Puntland, Somalia port]
A second ship owned by a UAE-based firm, the MV Savina-Fahad, is also said to have been hijacked this week. According to the Somalia Report {here, the vessel was seized in the Indian Ocean while carrying charcoal from the Somali town of Kismaayo.
What ships are the pirates grabbing? Low, slow and unarmed, that's what.
Sidebar Update: Nice BBC piece on the air war against the pirates - featuring a look at an Australian aircrew and the UK Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) here.
Labels: Somali Pirates
The Headline Asks the Right Question
From BBC News Somalia conflict: Why should the world help?
My question is: "Before they lay claim to my wallet, exactly how are the Somalis trying to help themselves?"
Labels: Somali Pirates, Somalia
Armed Guards on Merchant Ships: The "Flag-State Endorsement"
Who will be responsible for Barney?
Interesting update to the Italian armed guard mess off India at The Hindu "Business Line" Ships with armed guards: Govt may fix responsibility on flag-state:
India's maritime administration may make 'flag-state endorsement' mandatory for foreign merchant ships entering Indian waters with armed security guards on board. The idea is to make the Government of the country in which the ship is registered (flag-state) also responsible for any action on the part of the armed guards deployed on the vessel.
Currently, flag-states give a general approval for shipping companies to engage private security guards. The contract is between the ship owners and the security agency which provides the armed men. With rising incidents of attacks on cargo ships by Somali pirates, many countries, including India and Italy, have allowed their merchant ships to have armed guards on board. Ships have to follow the policy (on deployment of guards) of the country in which they are registered. The policy is based on the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) guidelines.
Problems can arise when the ship is owned, managed and operated by people of different nationalities. Typically, a ship may be registered in one country and its owner based in another. Further, the private security agency that provides the guards could be operating from a third country. Adding to this, there is every possibility of the security men belonging to different nationalities. Given such complexities, Government officials here said it needs to be made mandatory that flag states should shoulder the responsibility of ensuring that any liability arising out of reckless acts by armed men on board are honoured.
Of course, there are problems with such an "endorsement," too. What if the foreign merchant ship is not in "Indian waters?" In fact, what if the entire act complained of occurs on the "high seas?" How do you hold the government of some "flag of convenience" state like Tuvalu responsible? Somewhere I once dug up the info that about 35% of shipping sails under a "flag of convenience." Is India going to forbid entry to its waters for such ships - not that it may matter all that much because many of those ships can't afford or won't hire armed security guards.
UPDATE 22 Feb 12: "It was an accident, not manslaughter" - an opinion piece.
Posted by Mark Tempest at 2/19/2012 01:37:00 PM 5 comments:
Labels: Armed Merchant Ships, Armed Security on Ships, Flag of Convenience, International law, International Relations
Somali Pirates: Hijacking Off Oman
Reported at NATO Shipping Center:
At 1939 UTC / 17 FEB / a merchant vessel was reported Hijacked by pirates in position 18 10 N 057 21 E.
Labels: Arabian Sea, Somali Pirates
Midrats Sunday 5pm Easter: Episode 111 Returning to a Constitutional Military
Episode 111 Returning to a Constitutional Military 02/19 by Midrats | Blog Talk Radio 5pm:
The large standing Army and active duty military we have known in our lifetime may seem the norm - but it isn't. Is there a way to maintain a strong military capability - available and scaleable if needed - without the structure we have become accustomed to? Is there a better way to balance our Reserve and National Guard forces that is better in line with our economic, national security, and yes - Constitutional requirements? This Sunday, 19 FEB from 5-6pm EST, join us with our guest, General Ron Fogleman, USAF (Ret) for the full hour. Using his recent article in Defense News, Going Back to the Future: Militia Model Could Cut U.S. Expenditures as a starting point, we will discuss these ideas and more as we look for a way to maintain strength and options as the budget crunch starts.
You can listen live by clicking here.You can listen later by getting the show at that site, or from the Midrats podcast on iTunes.
Posted by Mark Tempest at 2/18/2012 11:03:00 PM 1 comment:
Indian Ocean Mistake: Armed Guards on Italian Cargo Ship Shoot at Fishermen, Kill 2
Worst case scenario for armed guards on merchant ship, reported as Italian ship fires on fishing boat mistaking it for pirate vessel, killing 2 Indian fishermen:
An Italian cargo ship fired at an Indian fishing boat that it mistook for a pirate vessel, killing two fishermen, India's navy said Thursday.
The ship identified as the Enrica Lexie fired at the fishermen in waters off India's southern Kerala state on Wednesday, a navy statement said.
The Indian coast guard and navy vessels escorted the Italian ship to the nearby port city of Kochi and were questioning the captain and crew.
The owner of the fishing vessel, who goes by the single name Freddy, said Thursday the firing was unprovoked. The boat was fishing when the ship opened fire, killing the two fishermen instantly, he said.
The incident reportedly occurred 40 miles off the Indian coast.
More from here:
India on Thursday summoned the Italian envoy and voiced concern over the killing of two fishermen by security officials of the Italian cargo vessel and underlined that the captain of the ship should cooperate with local authorities.
M Ganapathi, secretary (west) in the external affairs ministry, met Italian ambassador Giacomo Sanfelice di Montefort and told him that the captain has to cooperate with Indian officials probing the incident.
The captain of Enrica Lexie, who has been ordered to anchor near a local port, told officials the fishermen were mistaken for pirates after they sailed close to the tanker in a motorised boat, navy spokesman Roy Francis said.
"The security wing fired at the fishermen and the captain has alerted the coast guard about the firing. We are making a detailed investigation," the naval spokesman said.
Freddie Louis, who owns the Indian fishing vessel, said gunmen on board the tanker fired at the boat "without provocation," killing the two unarmed men aged 50 and 21.
The boat with 11 men had sailed out to trawl for tuna fish on February 7.
"We were returning after the fishing and all of us were were sleeping except Valentine and Pinki," Louis told AFP, identifying the victims by their first names.
One report has the armed guards as being "Italian navy personnel."
ShipSpotting.com
Enrica Lexie
© Nathan
This type of event has been much discussed in concerns over placing armed security teams on merchant ships, with liability and control over the guards being major issues.
UPDATE: An interesting legal question arises about what law will apply to this shooting and that may turn on the location ship when the shooting occurred. Did this incident occur in Indian waters or on the "high seas?"
UPDATE2 (19 Feb 12): Italian guards now in Indian custody as reported here. India has has custody of the guards, the Italian government asserts that a trial, if any, should occur in Italy:
The Italian government maintains the case should be handled by its own judicial authorities "since the deeds happened in international waters on an Italian-flagged ship," the statement said. The Italians contend that the presence of military personnel aboard the cargo ship is governed by an Italian law conforming to U.N. anti-piracy resolutions, and that such personnel are part of the Italian state and thus immune to the jurisdiction of foreign states.
The law on this is unclear - and this aspect of the matter properly is now less a legal issue than a diplomatic one.
Posted by Mark Tempest at 2/16/2012 07:34:00 AM 39 comments:
Labels: Armed Merchant Ships, India, Mistakes at Sea
Gulf of Guinea Pirates: Ship's Captain and Officer Killed
IMB Map of attack area
Two dead crew in a reported pirate attack off Nigeria on Monday, as set out in Ship's Captain Killed in Pirate Attack off Nigerian Coast
Pirates attacked a cargo ship 110 nautical miles off the Nigerian coast in the Gulf of Guinea this morning killing the ship's captain and another officer, the International Maritime Office reports. Two other reports of piracy were reported in past few days without causing casualties or taking over any ships. The first incident took place on Saturday about 80 nautical miles off Lagos and the second took place off the coast of Benin, which borders Nigeria. Shipping companies raised the threat level last August, and with it the value of ships' cargos to pirates, for vessels transiting the Gulf of Guinea, bringing them up to the level of ships traveling near Somalia.
More detail here:
Cyrus Mody, a manager at the IMB, said the vessel's captain and chief engineer "were killed in the shooting." . . . The group [IMB} believes the attackers were "Nigerian pirates" said Noel Choong, head of the IMB's Kuala Lumpur-based piracy reporting centre. *** Unlike the explosion of piracy off the coast of Somalia on the eastern side of the continent in recent years, those involved in the recent west African attacks have so far not appeared to be after ransom payments.
Fuel or oil cargo has been stolen for sale on the region's lucrative black market, while robberies have also occurred. Crew members have been beaten and the pirates tend to be heavily armed.
The theft of such cargo tends to be relatively sophisticated, with tankers often being directed to another pirate-controlled ship, where the fuel is transferred and then taken elsewhere for sale.
IMB Map of other Gulf of Guinea 2012 attacks
From the IMB Live Piracy Report site:
Around 110nm south of Lagos, Nigeria.
Armed pirates chased and fired upon a drifting bulk carrier. Vessel raised alarm and headed towards Lagos. All crew except the bridge team took shelter in the citadel. Due to the continuous firing the Captain and the C/E were shot. The IMB Piracy Reporting Center immediately informed the Nigerian authorities who sent out a rescue team. Due to rough seas the Nigerian naval team could not reach the location. A French Warship in the area which received the warning broadcast went to the aid of the distress vessel and despatched a helicopter. A boarding team boarded the vessel and escorted the vessel to Lagos port. The vessel is presently at Inner anchorage Lagos port. The authorities boarded the vessel and a medical team gave medical assistance to the crew. Later all crew members and the two bodies were taken ashore.
Labels: Gulf of Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Pirates, Nigeria, Nigerian Pirates
Swarming Tactics: Some views on fighting the "swarm"
Some older thoughts on resisting the sort of "swarm attack" being threatened by Iran in the Persian Gulf from the Canadian Naval Review: "Swarming Tactics". First, from Ken Hansen, referring to the incident in which several British sailors were captured by Iran -
USV Protector
Ships that are employed in these inshore waters should be small and manoeuvrable (and expendable, if need be), armed with close-range weapons capable of generating devastating stopping power in all four quadrants, and equipped with at least a couple of types of boats. One of these should be a remotely-controlled and armed robotic vehicle, akin to the Protector (built by BAE, Lockheed Martin, and Rafael), or an unmanned but unarmed vehicle of which there are now several types available. Air support should come from a 'mother ship' that will have to stand off in order to avoid unnecessary risk (and embarrassment).
The age of robotics is upon us. If Canadian naval vessels are to be deployed into coastal areas plagued by instability, the threats they will face will look a lot like those in the northern Arabian Gulf. The 'answers' about how to deal with these threats should provoke significant changes in force structure, operating concepts and equipment.
Armed H-60 (hey, look -Marine Mavericks!)
Another thought from Eric Lerhe:
Helicopters provide a way of giving transiting warships maximum warning against small boat forays.
Of course,as I have said before, I prefer standoff, massive firepower in layered defenses including something like:
And, you know, carrier air, ship weapons and the use of UAVs to track the swarm.
Forewarned is forearmed.
Real armaments are good too.
One advantage of not using one way suicide weapons is that you can reload and shoot again and again.
Labels: Counter-Swarm Tactics, Swarm Tactics
Iran and its man-guided bomb boats
Okay, the ultra-sophisticated weaponeers of Islamic Republic of Iran are apparently getting ready to introduce a new "one time" weapon system that wastes the lives of young men and the hulls of perfectly good boats in a effort to reduce the "Great Satan" and its allies into boots filled with quivering jelly. And, of course, the media dutifully reports the story as if this sea-launched VBIED was (1) unique and (2) hard to defeat.
A tempered reponse from NAVCENT is contained in this Reuters report U.S. Navy: Iran prepares suicide bomb boats in Gulf:
"They have increased the number of submarines ... they increased the number of fast attack craft," Vice Admiral Mark Fox told reporters. "Some of the small boats have been outfitted with a large warhead that could be used as a suicide explosive device. The Iranians have a large mine inventory."
Asked if he took Iran's threats seriously, Fox Said: "Could they make like extremely difficult for us? Yes they could. If we did nothing and they were able to operate without being inhibited, yeah they could close it, but I can't see that we would ever be in that position."
He added that diplomacy should be given priority in resolving the tension.
"So when you hear discussion about all this overheated rhetoric from Iran we really believe that the best way to handle this is with diplomacy... I am absolutely convinced that is the way to go. It is our job to be prepared. We are vigilant."
Let me point out that vigilance includes keeping an eye on small boats operating in numbers (beware the swarm) or as singles in the Gulf.
For the Iranian crews I would suggest they contemplate the meaning of "suicide boats."
Gotta love the WWII asymmetric thinking, though.
I wonder if they dug out the old Japanese plans for the Shinyo?
Labels: Fun with Iran, Iran
Fighting Pirates with Airships
Ignore the Army markings, an LEMV (Northrup Grumman picture)
Royal Navy looking into bringing back an old tool as reported in 21st century airships may join Navy fleet:
Scientists from the defence company Northrop Grumman have given briefings to the Navy on the latest airship that is about to enter military service.
Commanders are also considering using it as a counter piracy vessel as the LEMV can lower up to 150 commandos along with their fast inflatable boats.
Travelling at over 80 knots the airship is almost three times faster than ships and the Navy's version can travel for several days without refuelling its four gas turbine engines.
The Royal Navy is not, and should not be, the only Navy looking into this tool for the counter-pirate mission which would seem well suited to this type of aircraft. I have some more thoughts in a draft post I hope to have up tonight, schedule permitting.
Labels: Blimps, Counterpiracy, Lighter than air
Midrats on Sunday: It's Pirate Time Again
As noted in an earlier post, the weather in the upper Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden is beginning to shift from monsoon back to that more favorable to the operations of pirates in the small open attack boats. After several weeks of slowed pirate activity, the pirates have managed to snag a new victim and her crew of 21.
Arrayed against the pirates are warships from the EU, NATO, China, India, Japan, Singapore, Iran, Russia and armed guard teams embarked on many merchant ships and fishing boats.
Naturally, it's a good time to talk pirates. So, on Sunday, February 12 at 5 pm (Eastern U.S.), that's what we are going to do.
Episode 110 The 21st Century Pirate Threat 02/12 by Midrats on Blog Talk Radio:
The problem with piracy is not going anywhere. Each year in places like Somalia it is becoming part of the local economy. In areas near poorlly governed areas, it threatens the free flow of goods at market prices through the world's sea lines of communication.
Is it an economic problem, a global security problem, a political problem, or a mixture of that and more?
What is the impact of international aid, military action, and the paying of ransom? What are the best solutions, and what is working and what is not working to slow the impact of piracy?
Join Sal from "CDR Salamander" and EagleOne (that's me!) from "Eagle Speak" for the full hour to discuss these issues and more with their guest, Rear Admiral Terry McKnight, USN (Ret.), former Commander of the anti-piracy CTF-151 off the horn of Africa.
Here's the link to listen live. If you miss the show you can download it later from here or from iTunes (podcasts under "Midrats").
Posted by Mark Tempest at 2/11/2012 07:34:00 AM 1 comment:
Labels: CTF151, Gulf of Aden, Indian Ocean, Somali Pirates
Cheap Weekend Read: Calcutta Light Horse Goes to Sea
Actually, the book is Boarding Party by James Leasor, an inexpensive Kindle reader book at about $4. The Amazon description of this 1978 book:
. . . [T]his is the story of the undercover exploit of a territorial unit. The Germans had a secret transmitter on one of their ships in the neutral harbour of Goa. Its purpose was to guide the U-boats against Allied shipping in the Indian Ocean. There seemed no way for the British to infringe Goa's Portuguese neutrality by force. But the transmitter had to be silenced. Then it was remembered that 1,400 miles away in Calcutta was a source of possible help. A group of civilian bankers, merchants and solicitors were the remains of an old territorial unit called The Calcutta Light Horse.
All the stuff of good fiction in a true story. Spies, a vital secret mission, great daring by a gaggle of middle-aged guys.
Made into a movie, The Sea Wolves, which I commend you watch only after reading the book to see the liberties taken with the story and also only if you enjoy seeing what must have been the last gasps of some major movie actors like Gregory Peck, David Niven, Trevor Howard and others. Features Roger Moore, too. If you are a member of Amazon Prime you can watch the movie at no additional cost, which was the right price as far as I am concerned. Still, a good tale of a nearly forgotten event in a nearly forgotten theater of WWII.
Labels: Books, Cheap Entertainment, Movies
Somali Pirates: Pirate Weather Coming
As indicated in the Office of Naval Intelligence's Piracy Analysis and Warning Weekly, the weather in the Somali pirate areas of major activity is beginning to shift to that more favorable to small boat operations (better for the pirates), so an increase in pirate efforts can be expected through the Gulf of Aden, upper Arabian Sea and the Mozambique Channel:
The redder the color, the increased probability that the weather and sea conditions are good for pirate operations.
Labels: Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, Indian Ocean, Mozambique Channel, Pirate Weather, Somali Pirates
Somali Pirates: Possible Hijacking
NATO Shipping Center reports a possible ship hijacking at their Alert Details:
Alert 012/12 08/02/2012 14:40 13.53 58.6 Attacked Alert 012/2012 - Vessel Attacked, Suspected Hijacked Alert number 012 / 2012.
***Vessel suspected hijacked***
At 1438 UTC / 08 FEB 12 / a merchant vessel suspected Hijacked by pirates was in position 13 32 N 058 36 E.
And reports of a hijacking (could be the same one) here:
Photo from Neptune Marine press release
Neptune Maritime Security received information via credible channels that the vessel, MV FREE GODDESS (IMO 9107045), has been successfully hijacked by Somali pirates. According to the report Neptune received, the Liberian-flagged bulk carrier came under attack on February 7, 2012, in position 16.03N 062.26E (approximately 520nm NE of Socotra Island) at around 1500 UTC from an unknown number of pirates. *** The last known positional data on the Free Goddess is that she has dramatically altered course and her last recorded position was 11.59N 056.09E at 090533ZFEB12, approximately 110nm south east of Socotra Island.
Labels: Arabian Sea, NATO Shipping Center, Somali Pirates
U.S. Navy Stands Down MSRON 7, Stands Up MESG-1 Det. Guam
MESG-1 boat
Numbers and name change, downgraded from a command to an officer-in-charge, as Navy Establishes MESG-1 Det. Guam:
Maritime Expeditionary Security Squadron (MSRON) 7 was officially disestablished and Maritime Expeditionary Security Group (MESG) 1 Det. Guam was established during a ceremony on U.S. Naval Base Guam, Feb. 3.
More than 150 Sailors from MSRON-7 will continue their tour under MESG-1 Det. Guam.
. . . Under Suchyta's lead, MSRON-7 protected 10 special mission ships operating in the East and South China Seas, four logistic ships in the Indian Ocean and Arabian Gulf, 26 aircraft visiting high-threat airfields, and securely guided high-ranking passengers during special missions. . .
Confused about what this is about? Here's part of a mission statement about MESG's:
c. MSRON Mission: To provide MESG commanders, fleet commanders, and Navy component commanders planning, administration, direction, and training of highly mobile, fully capable, and equipped active and reserve forces to deploy as complete squadrons or task-organized units capable of exercising tactical control of assigned C2, waterborne, and landward security assets in order to provide perimeter defense, surveillance, patrol, escort, and interdiction in ports, harbors, and other militarily significant coastal and inshore areas. Provide critical infrastructure and high value asset protection both on land and at sea. Provide centralized planning, control, coordination, and integration of MESF assets for force protection in support of missions as assigned by combatant commanders. (1) MSRONs have an integral C2 capability resident in their staff structures to ensure the readiness and maintenance of resident command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) capabilities. MSRONs are also capable of providing and maintaining a tactical picture in support of large expeditionary operations, asset protection, and harbor defense/port security in the littoral environment through the use of associated communications and various ground, surface, and subsurface sensors and unmanned/unattended vehicles in the near shore littoral environment. (2) Inherent in each MSRON is a waterborne security capability that is made up of boat detachments (BOATDET). The boat detachment will provide waterborne interdiction and surveillance assets to the security/antiterrorism officer, seaward security officer, or harbor defense commander in expeditionary operations. BOATDETs routinely operate with other MESF assets and other USN, joint, coalition, and host nation forces. BOATDETs may be assigned within the unified and/or allied command structure.
In other words, the old MIUW units, Harbor Defense Units and Inshore Boat Units brought together as part of the active duty force with the additional mission of Naval Armed Guards tossed in as needed.
Labels: Guam, MESG-1, Naval Armed Guard, Navy Expeditionary Force
Somali Pirates: What do we do with some captured pirates?
Sadly, not a Somali pirate
Here's another article in what seems to be a semi-annual review of the problems of international law and the effort to bring captured pirates to justice - this time from the NY Times "Seized Pirates in Legal Limbo, With No Formula for Trials":
Vessels from several navies collaborating on counterpiracy are holding a total of 71 captured pirates, according to Vice Adm. Mark I. Fox, commander of the United States Navy's Fifth Fleet. No system has been developed for prosecuting their cases.
"There is not a repeatable international process to bring them to justice," Admiral Fox said, in a recent interview in Bahrain. "We lack a practical and reliable legal finish."
The many possible permutations for prosecuting the 15 pirates now locked up in the Vinson almost perfectly capture the puzzle surrounding such cases.
The pirates are Somali. They attacked the motor vessel Sunshine, which is Greek-owned but operates under a Bahaman flag. They were detained in international waters, but in the so-called exclusive economic zone of Oman. And they had commandeered an Iranian fishing vessel and held the crew hostage for more than a month.
The Navy took the pirates into custody. But the former hostages returned to Iran, and the Sunshine simply steamed on, over the horizon and out of sight.
So which country should take the case? And how would it hold the pirates before trial, collect evidence, and arrange for foreign witnesses and foreign investigators to testify?
So, these pirates have become somewhat akin to "The Man Without a Country" , whose punishment was to be forever transferred from one ship to another to another . . . Of course, Philip Nolan had the benefit of a trial. H/T: Lee.
Labels: International law, Pirate Trial, Somali Pirates
Breaking Cricket News
Photo of a well-dressed ref from here
I gather this is bad for England but probably good for Pakistan and South Africa: BBC Sport - Pakistan v England: Gul and Ajmal complete series whitewash:
It completed England's seventh losing whitewash in Test cricket and their first series defeat since 2009.
For the uninitiated, cricket is a sport of some sort which has rules of some sort and is as alien to the American mind as U.S. football is to yak herders in the areas where yaks need to be herded.
Except, of course, it is less physical . . . than either yak herding or American football.
News of Rugby Union stuff from the BBC here. Rugby is different than cricket.
Labels: Cricket, Humor
Somali and Other Piracy in 2012
From our friends at the Internation Maritime Bureau, Piracy News and Figures:
Please see below figures for piracy and armed robbery incidents as reported to the IMB Piracy Reporting Centre in 2012
Worldwide Incidents: updated on 31 Jan 2012:
Total Attacks Worldwide: 37
Total Hijackings Worldwide: 2
Incidents Reported for Somalia:
Total Incidents: 13
Total Hijackings:2
Total Hostages: 28
Current vessels held by Somali pirates:
Vessels: 10 Hostages: 159
You might note that the IMB definition of piracy, while quite valid, is broader from that of the definition in the UNCLOS (piracy occurs on the "high seas"), which makes the IMB definition more inclusive of activity in the national waters of many states.
This has the effect of increasing the number of worldwide attacks in the IMB statistics. To clarify, by far the largest number of attempted and successful "on the high seas" piracy attacks occur in the Indian Ocean and are the handiwork of Somali pirates.
You will note that the IMB has added "armed robbery incidents" (see highlighted section) to its description of its numbers. This is correct, as some activities that occur in national waters that would constitute piracy if they were committed on the high seas are classified as "sea robbery" because of their location.
Also, the IMB includes robberies that occur on ships at anchor in its numbers. Again, quite proper, but something you should be aware of in looking at the numbers. Highlight added by me.
Labels: IMB, Sea Piracy, Somali Pirates
Iran: The Paper Trail of Ayatollah Khomeini
Yeah, yeah, cultural differences, etc.
But . . . BBC News - Cardboard cut-out Ayatollah Khomeini tours Tehran Bwahhahahahahahah!
Weapons of War and Peace
Labels: Career Choices
National Energy Security: Coming "Golden Energy Era"
Oil and Gas Journal reports "US on brink of strong oil, gas growth, Senate panel told":
"We believe that by 2020, the United States will become the largest producer of hydrocarbons in the world, surpassing Russia," said Roger Diwan, partner and head of financial advisory operations at PFC Energy. Now that producers have solved the problem of producing oil and gas from tight shale formations, the nation is on the verge of a golden energy era which is reshaping the industry worldwide, he maintained.
The scale of the opportunity to increase US oil production is greater than in most other countries over the next decade, noted James Burkhard, managing director of IHS CERA Inc.'s global oil group.
Howard K. Gruenspecht, acting administrator at the US Energy Information Administration, said the US Department of Energy's independent forecasting and analysis agency's initial 2012 Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) reference case forecasts 20% growth in US crude production over the next decade. Net petroleum imports are expected to drop from 49% of total US consumption in 2010 to 38% in 2020 and 36% in 2035 as a result, he said.
So, less reliance on foreign producers, brought to you by the petroleum industry. You know this is much better for national security and our maritime energy security. And, as a bonus, it buys time for all those expensive bio-fuels projects to be perfected . . .
Labels: Energy Independence, Energy Security, U.S. Energy
Somali Pirates: Convoy Coordination India, China and Japan
Reported as India, China, Japan coordinating in anti-piracy operations :
China and Japan have started implementing a new mechanism to coordinate the movement of their warships in the Gulf of Aden to provide protection to cargo vessels from sea brigands, Press Trust of India (PTI) reported.
The three countries operate independently in the Gulf of Aden to provide protection to cargo ships from pirates and are not part of the two groupings deployed there– the European EUNAVFOR and the US-led Task Force 151.
"Earlier what was happening was that the convoys of all these three countries would be spaced by few hours and there would be long hours in a day when no convoy was available for escorting the vessels," Indian Navy's Assistant Chief of Naval Staff (Foreign Cooperation and Naval Intelligence) Rear Admiral Monty Khanna told reporters here.
He said now the three countries have "evolved a mechanism under which it will be ensured that there is enough gap between the Indian, Chinese and the Japanese convoy and they are well-displaced" to be able to escort a greater number of ships in a day.
Labels: China, convoys, Gulf of Aden, India, Japan, Somali Pirates
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Crazy Bookworm: In My Mailbox....Merry Christmas!
I hope everyone had a very Merry Christmas, and that Santa graced you with all kinds of book goodness!
Bright Young Things looks really good i hope you enjoy it! Come check out my IMM!!
I've seen Bright Young Things on the shelves in the store and it's caught my eye but I've never picked it up. I can't wait to see what you think!
Ooh nice haul you got there!!


text:
Q: Kendo Grid get row and column index on Change event I have the following code:
function grd_onChange(e) {
    var grid = $("#grd").data("kendoGrid");

    var selectedCell = grid.select();
    var index = selectedCell.index();
    var row = selectedCell.closest("tr");
    var col = selectedCell.closest("td");
    alert(row);
}

I would like to know how can I get the column index when a user clicks on a cell of a particular row of the grid.

A: Please try with the below code snippet.

OR
function onDataBound(e) {
    var grid = $("#Grid").data("kendoGrid");
    $(grid.tbody).on("click", "td", function (e) {
        var row = $(this).closest("tr");
        var rowIdx = $("tr", grid.tbody).index(row);
        var colIdx = $("td", row).index(this);
        alert(rowIdx + '-' + colIdx);
    });
}

$(document).ready(function () {
    $("#Grid").kendoGrid({
        dataSource: {
            type: "odata",
            transport: {
                read: "http://demos.kendoui.com/service/Northwind.svc/Orders",
                dataType: "jsonp"
            },
            schema: {
                model: {
                    fields: {
                        OrderID: { type: "number" },
                        Freight: { type: "number" },
                        ShipName: { type: "string" },
                        OrderDate: { type: "date" },
                        ShipCity: { type: "string" }
                    }
                }
            },
            pageSize: 10,
            serverPaging: true,
            serverFiltering: true,
            serverSorting: true
        },
        dataBound: onDataBound,
        filterable: true,
        sortable: true,
        pageable: true,
        columns: [{
            field: "OrderID",
            filterable: false
        },
                        "Freight",
                        {
                            field: "OrderDate",
                            title: "Order Date",
                            width: 120,
                            format: "{0:MM/dd/yyyy}"
                        }, {
                            field: "ShipName",
                            title: "Ship Name",
                            width: 260
                        }, {
                            field: "ShipCity",
                            title: "Ship City",
                            width: 150
                        }
                    ]
    });
});

Let me know if any concern.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
<?php
/**
 * Box packing (3D bin packing, knapsack problem).
 *
 * @author Doug Wright
 */
declare(strict_types=1);

namespace DVDoug\BoxPacker\Test;

use DVDoug\BoxPacker\Box;
use DVDoug\BoxPacker\ConstrainedPlacementItem;
use DVDoug\BoxPacker\PackedBox;
use DVDoug\BoxPacker\PackedItem;

use function array_filter;
use function iterator_to_array;

class ConstrainedPlacementNoStackingTestItem extends TestItem implements ConstrainedPlacementItem
{
    /**
     * Hook for user implementation of item-specific constraints, e.g. max <x> batteries per box.
     */
    public function canBePacked(
        PackedBox $packedBox,
        int $proposedX,
        int $proposedY,
        int $proposedZ,
        int $width,
        int $length,
        int $depth
    ): bool {
        $alreadyPackedType = array_filter(
            iterator_to_array($packedBox->getItems(), false),
            fn (PackedItem $item) => $item->getItem()->getDescription() === $this->getDescription()
        );

        /** @var PackedItem $alreadyPacked */
        foreach ($alreadyPackedType as $alreadyPacked) {
            if (
                $alreadyPacked->getZ() + $alreadyPacked->getDepth() === $proposedZ &&
                $proposedX >= $alreadyPacked->getX() && $proposedX <= ($alreadyPacked->getX() + $alreadyPacked->getWidth()) &&
                $proposedY >= $alreadyPacked->getY() && $proposedY <= ($alreadyPacked->getY() + $alreadyPacked->getLength())) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
RUSSIA IN AFRICA: EU worried as mercenaries appear in Central Africa
Home Global Watch Africa
in Africa, Global Watch
Central African Republic forces have struggled on their own to reverse rebel advances
This week the European Union imposed sanctions on the Wagner Group, a Russian mercenary organisation accused of committing human rights abuses in the Central African Republic and elsewhere.
The EU has said that it will no longer train CAR government soldiers because of their links to Wagner.
In Africa, its fighters are also involved in Libya, Sudan and Mozambique and look likely to play a role in Mali.
Why is the Wagner Group in CAR?
The mercenaries are there to support President Faustin-Archange Touadéra in the fight against rebels, who still control many parts of the country despite recent government advances.
The country has been embroiled in civil unrest since President François Bozizé was overthrown in 2013. Mr Touadéra, in power since a 2016 election, had struggled to defeat rebel forces despite the presence of French troops and a UN force.
The CAR government believes the Russian mercenaries have had more success.
Wagner is believed to have started working in the CAR in 2017, after the UN Security Council approved a Russian training mission there and lifted the arms embargo imposed in 2013.
In October 2017, President Touadéra travelled to Russia to sign a number of security agreements with the Russian government.
These included a request for military support, in exchange for access to the CAR's significant deposits of diamonds, gold and uranium.
The UN had only agreed to the deployment of 175 Russian trainers for the local military.
Russia's President Vladimir Putin welcomed President Faustin-Archange Touadéra to an Africa summit in Russia in 2019
Despite official Russian denials there are accusations, including from the EU, that there are links between Wagner and the Kremlin.
Analysts say that these ties enabled armed Wagner operatives to start working in the CAR after the deal with Russia was signed.
Since then the group's presence in the mineral-rich country has mushroomed.
The Russian government says that it has sent unarmed military instructors to CAR, and that no more than 550 of them have been in the country at any one time.
UN experts, however, believe there could be more than 2,000 instructors deployed by Russia to the CAR, including recruits from Syria and Libya, where Wagner has been active.
This is of particular concern to the UN and France who have both accused the group of inflaming the conflict by carrying out human rights abuses and extrajudicial killings of suspected rebels.
What exactly is the Wagner Group accused of doing?
Wagner operatives, as well as government forces, have raped and robbed unarmed civilians in the country's rural areas, the UN and French say.
In a report in August about human rights abuses in the CAR, the UN documented more than 500 incidents in the year from July 2020. Among those were extrajudicial killings, torture and sexual violence.
Last month, a monument to the Russian military was erected in CAR's capital, Bangui
In October, a panel of UN experts said that those arrested by the Russian instructors and the national army often had no access to justice. They said that victims were reluctant to lodge official complaints meaning that impunity for the abuses continued.
Earlier in that month, CAR Justice Minister Arnaud Abazene acknowledged for the first time that some abuses had been carried out by "Russian instructors".
While he said most of the incidents were carried out by the rebels, it was the first time that the government had recognised abuses carried out by their own troops or their allies.
Mr Abazene also said the Russian instructors had been repatriated to be tried in their home country.
Why has the EU decided to take action?
EU spokesperson Nabila Massrali told the BBC that Brussels was increasingly alarmed by the activities of the Wagner Group. As well as issues in the CAR, the UN has accused Wagner of carrying out war crimes in Libya.
A BBC investigation revealed Wagner operatives had killed civilians and prisoners in Libya, and planted unmarked explosives.
"Their legal status is vague, as are their modus operandi, objectives and targets," Mr Massrali said.
"It is clearly very difficult to prevent and ensure accountability for potential violations of human rights and international humanitarian law in the context of such ambiguity."
The EU was keen to stress that it has not cooperated with Wagner mercenaries.
It has now suspended its military training mission in CAR as it was concerned that those mercenaries were commanding units that the EU had trained.
The EU is one of the largest donors of humanitarian assistance to the CAR having provided more than €1.4bn (£1.2bn; $1.6bn) since 2014.
What are the Wagner Group's ties to the Russian government?
Officially there are none. But there are suspicions of close ties.
One of those sanctioned by the EU was Valery Zakharov, a former member of the Russian state security service, and a security advisor to President Touadéra.
According to the EU, Mr Zakharov is "a key figure in the Wagner Group's command structure and keeps close links with the Russian authorities".
Wagner gained prominence in 2014, when it was fighting with pro-Russian separatists in the conflict in eastern Ukraine. Since then, the group has become active in the Middle East, as well as in central and southern Africa.
It is believed to be funded by Yevgeny Prigozhin, a rich businessman with links to President Vladimir Putin. Mr Prigozhin has always denied any connection with Wagner.
The Russian government also denies any state involvement with the group while also maintaining it does not legally exist because private military contractors are illegal in Russia.
Where else in Africa is Wagner operating?
As well as Libya, the EU also mentioned Wagner mercenary operations in Sudan and Mozambique.
In Sudan, they are thought to have been involved in training as well as the protection of officials and mining sites. In Mozambique, Wagner has supported the army in its fight against the Islamist militant insurgency in the north.
Most recently, Mali, a long-term Western ally in the fight against jihadism in the Sahel, announced it wanted to employ about 1,000 Wagner operatives to help provide security. This followed a French announcement that it would withdraw about half of its 5,000 troops from the country.
The US said it was "alarmed" by the prospect of the deployment of Wagner Group forces in Mali. It said that the mercenaries' presence would destabilise the region.
Mali's Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Diop said that interventions by the international community had not worked and the country had to consider new options.
Wagner's potential entry into Mali reminds many observers of the way the group started operating in the CAR.
Tags: european unionRussiarussian mercenaries
TRUCE TALK: Ethiopia military retakes world heritage site
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NP admin
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Email: [email protected]epost.co.ug


There's nothing like a good BBQ sauce and this one's got it!
"Howling Wolf Sauces - Extra Spicy BBQ is a version of the Original with a little more kick. If you want a sauce that makes you sweat, but leaves your taste buds in one piece, this is the sauce for you. The blend of chilies used brings on the heat, but still retains all of the flavor.
The Howling Wolf line of gourmet BBQ sauces are made in small batches using the finest ingredients available. All of the premium Frontier brand spices used are non-irradiated and have the fullest flavors which contribute to each of the sauces great tastes.
This sauce contains no unnecessary fillers or high fructose corn syrup.
"Choosing from over 850 of our cheeses can be a daunting task, even for the most accomplished cheese connoisseur. While we all have our traditional favorites, there is something special about discovering a great new cheese. And, the best way to experience a new cheese is to try it. For those of you looking to expand your cheese repertoire, we have crafted a four cheese sampler from four continents of some little-known gems to serve at your next get-together."
Atalanta Blue (North America): Atalanta is the Greek goddess of hunt, travel, and adventure. The name Atalanta is thus appropriate for this new blue cheese from Wisconsin. It's a bold , crumbly cow's milk cheese that took several years to perfect. Enjoy it crumbled over salads, stirred into sauces, or on crackers.
"why not have some for breakfast? We aren't advocating microbrews with your wheaties ... unless that's your thing of course. Instead, try a bit on your morning toast. It's good for you. And, you can have all you want without driving erratically or slurring your speech."
Ok I know what you are thinking....eeeeew it comes in a big tub or maybe you are thinking "how would I ever eat that many olives?" Well I thought the same things before I ordered them.
I have ordered olives from Amazon more than once and have never been disappointed. When I saw these olives at $16.15 and free shipping I thought gosh they must be awful! Then I read a lot of the reviews and the only bad things people were saying are that they are spicy. Well I like spicy, so I thought I'll give them a try.
To my delight these olives were fantastic and I say were because they are all gone now :-) They were not that spicy, yes they were spiced, but not hot like the reviews said. They had lemon and onions and thyme in the wonderfully delicious mix. The olives themselves are perfect green olive perfection. I highly recommend them. If you have a big event these olives would make a great addition to your h'ordeuvre table. If not they make a great snack to munch on at night when you get those in between meal munchies. They make a much healthier snack than chips or cookies. Well I hope you all will take the chance to try them out and I promise you won't be disappointed. For the price, you really can't get any better.
Our assorted mini cake bites are made from all natural ingredients. Every Cakebite is dipped in milk, 72% dark or white chocolate. We use only the freshest ingredients and the finest chocolates imported direct from Belgium to make these delicious desserts."
"The PERFECT idea for a foodie stocking stuffer or a hostess gift!
This lovely glossy black tube contains six 1.75 inch (48 mm) glass top containers filled with gourmet sea salt blends for you to create rubs, marinades or sauces from.
These are all hand-blended in small quantities and contain a ratio of half salt to half spice. You can use the salts straight from the container or put them in your own salt grinder.
The sea salt is from France. The fruit of the ocean, wind and sun, this salt is gathered on French Atlantic salt marshes, simply dried in the sun, then crushed. It is rich in magnesium and calcium."


A LLM degree is an abbreviation of the Latin Legum Magister, which means Master of Laws degree. It's an internationally recognized postgraduate law degree usually obtained by completing one-year of full-time study, or two years of part-time study. There are many online options for a LLM degree. Often those who pursue LLM degree do so to gain expertise in a specialized field of law, for example in the area of tax law or international law.
Usually lawyers are not required to hold a LLM degree. In addition, an LLM degree doesn't qualify someone to practice law. Therefore students must first obtain a professional degree in law, such as the Juris Doctor (JD) degree, before the LLM program. A JD degree will only offer basic skills and knowledge to become a lawyer. On the other hand a LLM degree can provide you with many benefits in your law career and can offer you specializations in a particular area of law. A lawyer with an LLM degree has acquired advanced and specialized legal training, which means they're more marketable to law firms. Typically a LLM graduate is also qualified to work in a multinational legal environment. LLM graduates who seek to relocate and practice in another country, or expand their area of practice to multinational issues, will succeed with this degree.
Worldwide there are an extensive range of LLM programs. That is why online learning for LLM degrees is becoming so popular. One example is the LLM in taxation degree offered by Boston University. Rather than traveling to another location in the world to get this advanced degree you can get an International degree in the comfort of your home. Additionally, because there are so many different programs, including online programs, you can find a program that will focus on almost any area of the law that you're interested in.
There are also schools that offer innovative degrees in concentrated courses such as Prosecutorial Sciences or Space and Telecommunications Law. Other programs focus on teaching foreign lawyers the basic legal principles of the host country (also known as a "comparative law" degree). Occasionally there are even programs conducted in more than one language, which would give you the opportunity to undertake classes in different languages.
Payment for an LLM program is always a consideration.
Fortunately many online programs offer financial assistance to those who qualify. This assistance comes in the form of merit-based scholarships and grants to top LLM applicants. The first step in looking for financial resources would be to contact the school�s financial aid office. These offices will not only tell you what scholarships and grants are available from the school itself, but they�ll also aid you in the search for other sources of financing.
There are also many outside sources of funding in the form of scholarships and grants. The government is probably the first step in searching for financial support. There are many merit-based scholarships for applicants with exceptional academic and professional records through government programs. These applicants typically show the most potential for future success, which is why the government and other organizations want to offer scholarships. Some of these scholarships are offered by the scholarship directory for scholarship opportunities.
Loans are also available to students who can't pay for their education. Loans differ form scholarships and grants in that you must pay them back. Banks, private institutions, and online lenders offer student loans.


Mr. Jeffrey Baumann of 10452 Mississippi Boulevard NW appeared at the Open Mic portion of the April 2, 2019 City Council meeting to question staff's intrepration that an attached garage is an accessory structure under City Code.
At the April 2nd Council meeting, Jeff Baumann (10452 Mississippi Street NW) appeared at open mic questioning staff's interpretation of City Code that an attached garage in a LDR-1 zoning district cannot be taller than the height of the principal residence. Mr. Baumann suggested that City Code provides that an attached garage is part of the principal structure and is not subject to the height limitations on accessory structures. Staff's interpretation is that an attached garage is an accessory structure under City Code and is not part of the principal structure. Given that Mr. Baumann has not formally applied for building permit and that an open mic response would not be the appropriate forum to respond to a specific application, the following is intended to be a general response on whether attached garages can be taller than the height of the principal residence in the LDR-1 zoning district.
Be constructed on any lot prior to the time of construction of the principal building.
Exceed the height of the principal building, except when on a farm and related to a farming operation.
Be located within the required front setback area or within five feet of a lot line.
Be located nearer to the front lot line than the principal building. This provision does not apply to attached garages or to those lots which have the shoreline of the Mississippi River or Crooked Lake as the rear lot line.
11-601.7.1(b) provides that an accessory structure shall not exceed the height of the principal building. This is the provision that is being questioned. The only exception to the height restriction is for accessory structures located on a farm. In 11-601.7.1(d) accessory structures are prohibited from being located nearer to the front lot line than the principal building. City Code does provide that this limitation does not apply to attached garages. It's clear from this exception that that Code intended that attached garages are accessory structures or it would not have been necessary to create the exception in (d) for attached garages. Further in both LDR-1 and LDR-2 City Code limits "each single family dwelling or twin home lot is permitted up to 1,600 square feet, or 2,000 square feet for lots one acre or more, of attached/detached garage storage space and other detached accessory structures." This further shows the intent of Code to include attached garages as accessory structures.
Staff believes the intent of the applicable zoning code sections is to help ensure that an attached garage (or detached garage) is in the proper size and scale relative to the principal structure. As previously stated garages by their very nature are supposed to be accessory and subordinate to the primary use – a residential dwelling in this case. There are very clear standards for the size, height and setbacks of an attached garage (accessory use/structure) to preserve the residential character of the lot and the surrounding neighborhood.
This item is for informational purposes and no specific recommendation is being made at this time.


Our fan art gallery is growing!
Last month we launched our fan art gallery and already it's packed with some absolutely fabulous works of art. But we want more!
Remember: we're looking for original drawings, paintings and photomontages illustrating any of the poems or stories covered by our releases. Anything from a pencil sketch of Christina Rossetti's poem 'Goblin Market' to a full-blown oil painting of Edgar Allan Poe's 'Masque of the Red Death' - just scan it and upload it. We'll be posting the best works in our online gallery for everyone to admire - and each month we'll award a free download of one of our titles to the best entry.
Last month's winner was 'The Great Wolf' by Sue Mydliak (see above), who wins a copy of Bram Stoker - Dracula's Guest & Other Dark Tales read by Peter Guinness.
You may upload the files via our Artwork drop box here. We'll post our favourite pieces in our gallery.
N.B. By uploading to our site, you grant us permission to use your artwork on our website or for publicity purposes via other social media. We will not use it commercially without your permission and you retain copyright.
Have you ever tried to find the perfect poem for Valentine's Day or to read at a funeral or simply to celebrate the beauty of springtime? It's not easy, is it? You can spend hours trawling the internet, often to little avail.
Well, we've gone through our poems, sorted them into helpful categories - Love, Children and Childhood, War, Autumn and so forth - and organized them into a single list. Now, you only need visit one web page to find that special poem for each and every occasion: this one.
For those of you wishing to send a poem to that special someone, we've hot linked each of the poems in our list to iTunes, which will allow you to 'gift' an individual poem. Why not send a friend Christina Rossetti's 'A Birthday' on their special day? Or declare your undying love for someone with Andrew Marvell's 'To His Coy Mistress'?
As we release more poetry titles, we'll add more poems to this list and expand the categories to incorporate new occasions and new themes. As ever, we'd love to hear your suggestions on what you'd find most useful. Please post them in our Poetry Forum.
Textbook Stuff is all about bringing literature to life and we'd like to expand that brief to include your artwork on our website.
We'd love to showcase your drawings, paintings and photomontages, so please send us your illustrations for any of the poems or stories covered by our releases. Anything from a pencil sketch of Christina Rossetti's poem 'Goblin Market' to a full-blown oil painting of Edgar Allan Poe's 'Masque of the Red Death' - just scan it and upload it. We'll be posting the best works in our online gallery for everyone to admire - and each month we'll award a free download of one of our titles to the best entry.
We're delighted to announce that we're making it even easier for you to get your hands - and ears - on our audiobooks.
You can now buy our titles from a range of online outlets, including iTunes, Amazon, Play, Tesco Digital, HMV Digital, We7, TuneTribe, 7digital, fnac and, of course, direct from us!
Do please tell your friends and family.
1. The text must be out of copyright. The author and, where applicable, the translator need to have been dead for at least 70 years, i.e. 1941 or before.
2. The text must be less than 60 pages in length. While we might all welcome an unabridged audiobook of The Origin of Species, there's simply no way we could keep the costs manageable for a book of that scale.
So long as the text meets those two criteria, any non-fiction title will be considered: political tracts, travelogues, letters, biographies, music or art reference works, literary criticism, philosophy, history, mathematics, science, economics, geography and so on. Where works have been translated, please specify the translation you'd recommend. That's it: be inventive.
We'll look at all your recommendations and, who knows, you may very well see your idea released as a Textbook Stuff title in the near future.


text:
Human Liver Cells Intoxication Prevention
Wednesday 2 February 2011
Pr Séralini's team from Caen University, France, has just published a study on the mechanisms that prevent liver cell intoxication. The intoxication of liver cell lines is induced with herbicide residues from the most widely used herbicide world wide, Roundup. Such residues can be found in 53% of surface waters and in most agricultural GMOs. The prevention is achieved thanks to a substance named Dig1 made from organic plants grown in France.
This preparation was designed at a precise dosage by Sevene Pharma laboratories.
For more details, please visit:
http://www.occup-med.com/content/pdf/1745-6673-5-29.pdf
Contact: Pr. Séralini www.criigen.org
or Geoffroy Waroqueaux at Sevene Pharma: www.sevenepharma.com
GMOs Produced in High School? What About Safety?
Tuesday 1 February 2011
For several years now, transgenesis, a technique for obtaining GMOs, has been taught within the framework of the curriculum of Life and Earth Sciences, to French upper sixth forms (or twelfth graders) who study optional biology. Since the start of the 2010 school year, transgenesis is being taught to all year-11 students (or tenth graders), both in general education and technological education. This involves lab work that bears on the transformation of yeast and bacteria thanks to kits that should normally be handled with great care, mostly because they contain genes coding for ampicillin resistance, the antibiotic is used in human medicine.
At CRIIGEN, we are very concerned by the fact that such lab work should become common place:
Also by the fact that such a sensitive subject as transgenesis should be part of tutorial classes and be presented as a totally mastered technique to young students who necessarily don't have the benefit of hindsight to appreciate the consequences and spin-offs of such technologies.
We deeply regret that the time devoted to the teaching of this biotechnology (acquisition of a know-how) should infringe on the necessary time that ought to be devoted to the acquisition of knowledge in biology and observation (for the students to develop their observation skills).
We question the safety conditions in which such experiments do take place with a view to avoid environmental contaminations due the reagents used and the products obtained during the tutorial classes, and we wonder about the sterilization, autoclave and decontamination equipment of high schools.
We also wonder about the violation of European directives pertaining to the handling of GMOs in sealed environments.
While awaiting for a public contradictory debate on the topic, at APBG (a French society of biology and geology teachers, that promotes the sale of such kits), with CRIIGEN, for example and the well known biotechnologies lobby group DEBA (quoted by APBG), and while awaiting for transparent and contradictory information on the risks, we are suggesting a moratorium on the sale of such kits for educational purposes in secondary schools.
Victory for Prof Seralini and independent science - Jan 20th, 2011
voir ici : http://www.terre.tv/fr/3472_le-lanceur-dalerte-gilles-eric-seralini-attaque-en-diffamation-
La Fondation Sciences Citoyennes et le réseau de chercheurs européens engagés pour une responsabilité sociale et environnementale (ENSSER) se félicitent du jugement rendu par le Tribunal de Grande Instance de Paris dans le procès en diffamation intenté par Gilles-Eric Séralini, Professeur à l'Université de Caen, président du Conseil scientifique du CRIIGEN (Comité de recherche et d'information indépendantes sur le génie génétique) et spécialiste des effets des pesticides et des OGM sur la santé. Ce procès visait le lobby des biotechnologies incarné par l'Association française des biotechnologies végétales (AFBV) et son président Marc Fellous. Celui-ci a été condamné à 4000 € de remboursement de frais de justice ainsi qu'à 1000 € d'amende avec sursis et 1 € de dommages et intérêts.
Après la publication de ses contre-expertises remettant en cause l'innocuité sanitaire de trois maïs OGM de la firme Monsanto, et interrogeant donc le bien-fondé des autorisations délivrées par la commission européenne sur l'avis de l'Agence européenne de sécurité des aliments (AESA), G. -E. Séralini a fait l'objet d'une violente campagne de dénigrement, notamment de la part de scientifiques de l'AFBV dont de nombreux membres sont directement liés aux firmes de biotechnologies, soit parce qu'ils sont en relation d'affaires avec elles, soit parce qu'ils occupent des fonctions dans ces groupes industriels.
Ce verdict condamne la démarche de certains scientifiques qui utilisent les armes du discrédit mensonger pour masquer leur incapacité à porter une contradiction argumentée, encadrée par les règles de déontologie et les procédures en vigueur au sein de la communauté scientifique. En plein scandale sanitaire autour du Médiator et de nombreuses autres affaires (perchloroéthylène, héparine chinoise, bisphénol A,...) où se multiplient les exemples de conflits d'intérêt, il est urgent de promouvoir le respect d'une expertise transparente et contradictoire comme l'ont manifesté plus de 1000 scientifiques à travers le monde et 15000 citoyens en apportant leur soutien à Gilles-Eric Séralini.
New criticism of EFSA scientific assessments on GMOs toxicological tests - Oct. 2010
A new critical review has been published about the definite scientific shortcomings of regulatory committees, such as EFSA, in relation to the health risk assessment of edible GMOs. The critical review in question was recently published in the International Journal of Biological Sciences and was signed by a CRIIGEN's group coordinated by Prof. Séralini. It is a detailed answer to Monsanto, and to a number of website comments from various national committees which have approved Monsanto GMOs, in relation to a previous CRIIGEN study highlighting kidney and liver toxicity signs after the consumption of commercial GMOs. All these GMOs do enhance the presence of new pesticide residues in food. The scientific reasons for the crucially different biological interpretations of admitted significant effects are presented in our paper, which highlights the shortcomings in the experimental protocols designed by the company and that were nonetheless accepted by authorities. For instance, only 40 rats had blood analyses among 80 eating GMOs out of a total of 400; these experiments only lasted three months, whereas the assessment of a worldwide consumption for a population during its whole life is at stake. Such a context implies a huge responsibility towards public health, especially since the traceability or epidemiological studies do not exist in the GMO-producing countries. In fact, this paper questions the independence of regulatory committees.
de Vendômois JS, Cellier D, Vélot C, Clair E, Mesnage R, Séralini GE. Debate on GMOs Health Risks after Statistical Findings in Regulatory Tests. Int J Biol Sci 2010; 6(6):590-598.
The assessment of the health impact of GMOs relies on inappropriate scientific facts - June 2010
The assessment of the health impact of agricultural GMOs (plants containing pesticides) and pesticides, relies on inappropriate scientific facts endangering public health.
CRIIGEN has completed and published several expert analyses on the health tests. These were conducted by Monsanto before the commercialization of three of its genetically modified corn (MON863, MON810 and NK603) (1). The revelation of Monsanto and some official organisms' answers (HCB, EFSA, FSANZ) is staggering (2).
Apart from the fact that Monsanto and these organizations support the idea that three months of experimentation on young rats are sufficient to ensure safety for citizens, they defend indirectly the three following major scientific untruths, among others (3):
1) There is always a proportionality between the dose of treatment and the biological effect,
2) The effects of a toxic product are always similar in males and females,
3) Any biological or biochemical abnormalities should be correlated with pathological changes.
The experimental protocols as well as the scientific basis underlying the assessment of GMOs and pesticides do not guarantee the safety of these products in any way. If they were, we would not be getting, like today, the resurgence of environmental diseases, a real health catastrophe. A drastic and urgent reform of the evaluation of GMOs and pesticides is needed.
(3) Séralini et al. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 52, 596-602 (2007) ; J. Spiroux de Vendômois et al., Int. J. Biol. Sci, 5, 706-726 (2009).
(2) See file
(3) Séralini et al. Int. J. Biol. 5, 438-443 (2009)
Contact: Prof. G-E. SERALINI criigen@unicaen.fr phone +33 2 31 56 56 84
Seminar Organized in Brussels by CRIIGEN, FSC & ENSSER - 4 March 2010
A few extracts of the Symposium that took place in Brussels :
http://www.alde.eu/fr/details/news/seminaire-adle-sante-expertise-en-question-conflits-dinterets-et-carence-devaluation/
Official Launch of the Youth Appeal — February 2010
Friday 5 February 2010
The Youth Appeal Collective, support by CRIIGEN and Terraeco, will hold a Press conference on Thursday 25 February 2010 at 10:00 am at the Assemblée Nationale in Paris.
Please join them, they need everybody's support!
For more details: http://appeldelajeunesse.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/CP_invite.pdf
New Report Highlights the Weak Points of GMO Assessment
Strasbourg - 20 October 2009
This morning, in the European Parliament, Corinne Lepage received a report from a new independent research centre about the necessity to improve the risk evaluation of transgenic plants in Europe.
Christoph Then, head of the TestBiotech NGO and co-author of the report, pointed out to Mme Lepage, who happens to be 1st Vice-President of the Commission on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, that "the techniques carried out to create transgenic plants are much more detrimental to the gene expression mechanisms than is currently stated by the biotech industry lobby. These disruptions may lead to unexpected effects, and therefore to new risks, concerning transgenic plants, and in particular under stress conditions."
Mme Lepage declared: "Many independent studies show that the risks of GMOs are poorly evaluated in Europe. The time has come for EFSA and the European Commission to take into account other scientific opinions than those provided for by the biotech companies themselves. As a member of Parliament, I will do my best to make European expertise more open, pluralistic and based on debating. The health, environmental and social aspects of new technologies are so important that it would be a shame to go on sacrificing the precaution principle on the altar of commercial interests."
TestBiotech is a new German independent research centre, registered as an NGO, dedicated to promoting independent research work and public debate on biotechnologies. Their first report, « Risks reloaded », is about how the genetically modified plants are evaluated in the EU. It was personally given this morning to Corinne Lepage, and is currently available (english / german) on www.testbiotech.org
Dr Christoph Then, head of TestBiotech (English / German):
Corinne Lepage, CRIIGEN President: + 33 6 11 17 50 97
Human Beings are Guinea Pigs for Second-Generation GMOs - October 2009
The CRIIGEN denounces the scandalous authorization of the new 59122xNK603 GMO maize in Europe. This for two reasons. Firstly, whilst we were promised a second GMO generation at the service of mankind (GMOs against world hunger, GMOs able to withstand drought and salinity…), down-to-earth reality is quite different from promises. These GMOs can produce several insecticides and absorb several herbicides. The GM 59122xNK603 maize is a pesticide-GMO to the 4th power (two insecticides and two herbicides), including inherent health and environmental risks, the same as the new Canadian SmartStax Maize, eight times a pesticide! Secondly, to avoid openness requirements on preliminary health studies, governments and agricultural seeds and pesticides manufacturers simply decided to forget about preliminary studies on rats… In order to practice directly on humans!
Support to the Arts & Vaccinations Collective
"Scientific or artistic freedom of speech, in the respect of humane values, is a basic right, therefore CRIIGEN fears that a censure would constitute a precedent in the specific field of health and environment risk assessment".
The Arts & Vaccinations Collective was granted an exhibition room in the Arras « Centre d'animation » in Paris, for an event starting on 14 September. The staff in charge had left already in order to set up the exhibition equipment. I saw it myself in St Germain-sous-Bois and enjoyed it thoroughly. It shows works of art executed by hepatitis-B vaccine victims who wish not to be forgotten. However, four days before the exhibition should have started in Paris, a formal ban was issued about it, and the exhibition room was cancelled for the following reason: "Due to the present period which is aggravated by the influenza epidemic, this exhibition would appear as particularly unfit to be shown." (See below, the decision of the Direction of the "Centres d'animation" of the 5th and 19th Paris arrondissements.
Apparently, some members of the public complained. They were worried that the exhibition entitled Facing Silence (Face au silence) could be perceived as a plea against hepatitis B vaccination. It seems likely this is a false pretext, as the Arts & Vaccinations Collective hads already organized a number of exhibitions in France and in Belgium without anybody complaining for this reason. This is therefore a political decision endangering a basic right in our constitution: the freedom of speech. If we do not protest, we will de facto let our political leaders establish this exception-based government system.exception style regime.
It was more than 10 years ago that the victims were vaccinated "so that others may be healthy" (the purpose of mass vaccination). The victims'status areis denied, they are themselves forgotten and often reduced to great poverty. They are expecting some sympathy. But this time, this is way to much! They have to shut up not to hamper a new mass vaccination campaign which will necessarily lead to a number of new post-vaccine accidents.


A fourth solar plus storage project in India has been cancelled, raising serious doubts about the preparedness of Indian developers to successfully implement such projects.
NLC Limited cancelled a solar plus storage project of 28 megawatt-hours of capacity that it had allocated for implementation in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. The project was the first utility-scale solar storage project auctioned and allocated in the country.
The project was awarded to Mahindra Susten and was supposed to have an installed capacity of 20 megawatts with a storage capacity of 28 megawatt-hours.
Mahindra Susten had quoted a bid of Rs 288 crore ($44 million) for the project. The cost is more than twice that of the large-scale solar power projects not equipped with storage facilities. Mahindra Susten was to receive a Rs 100 crore ($15 million) grant from the government for setting up the project. However, the company states that even without the grant the cost of generation would be around Rs 8/kWh (12¢/kWh) which is 60% cheaper than the cost of generation from diesel generation, the primary power source on the islands.
The Solar Energy Corporation of India has so far cancelled tenders for two solar storage projects at two different solar parks in the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The total capacity of these projects was envisaged at 300 megawatts. India's largest power generation company, NTPC Limited, also cancelled a tender for 50 megawatt solar-storage project planned in Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
SECI cancelled the planned tenders after comments from project developers stating that the tariffs would be significantly higher than non-storage projects. Financial viability of these projects would have come under scanner as power distribution utilities are seeking record low tariffs from solar projects.
SECI has now again called for expressions of interest from project developers for development of a 160 megawatt storage-equipped solar-wind hybrid power project in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The intent of this exercise is to 'only learn about the market scenario' and may or may not result in an auction.
As for the NLC tender for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, the company plans to launch a fresh tender for 8 megawatt-hours of storage capacity. Additionally, the Military Engineering Services has also announced plans to launch two tenders for 1 megawatt-hour each for the Islands.


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text:
Архиепархия Манауса () — архиепархия Римско-католической церкви с центром в городе Манаус, Бразилия. В митрополию Манауса входят епархии Алту-Солимойнса, Коари, Паринтинса, Рораймы, Сан-Габриел-да-Кашуэйры, Территориальная прелатура Борбы, Территориальная прелатура Итакуатиары, Территориальная прелатура Тефе. Кафедральным собором архиепархии Манауса является церковь Непорочного Зачатия Пресвятой Девы Марии.

История
27 апреля 1892 года Римский папа Лев XIII издал буллу «Ad universas orbis», которой учредил епархию Манауса, выделив её из епархии Белен-до-Пара. Первоначально епархия Манауса входила в митрополию Сан-Салвадора-да-Баия.

16 февраля 1952 года Римский папа Пий XII выпустил буллу «Ob illud»,  возведя  её в ранг архиепархии.

Ординарии архиепархии
 епископ José Lourenço da Costa Aguiar (1894—1905);
 епископ Frederico Benício de Souza e Costa (1907—1914);
 епископ João Irineu Joffily (1916—1924);
 епископ José Maria Perreira Lara (1924);
 епископ Basilio Manuel Olimpo Pereira (1925—1941);
 епископ João da Matha de Andrade e Amaral (1941—1948);
 архиепископ Alberto Gaudêncio Ramos (1948—1957);
 архиепископ João de Souza Lima (1958—1980);
 архиепископ Milton Corrêa Pereira (1981—1984);
 архиепископ Clóvis Frainer (1985—1991);
 архиепископ Luiz Soares Vieira (13.11.1991 — 12.12.2012).
 архиепископ Sérgio Eduardo Castriani (12.12.2012 — 27.11.2019, в отставке);
 кардинал Леонардо Ульрич Стайнер, O.F.M. (27.11.2019 — по настоящее время).

Источник
 Annuario Pontificio, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano, 2003, ISBN 88-209-7422-3
 Булла Ad universas orbis, Sanctissimi Domini nostri Leonis papae XIII allocutiones, epistolae, constitutiones aliaque acta praecipua, Vol. V (1891-1894), Bruges 1897, pp. 56-65
 Булла Ob illud, AAS 44 (1952), p. 606

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт
 Информация

Католические епархии Бразилии

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