I am writing this article about getting a tracheostomy for others with muscular dystrophies. Many patients are reluctant to have the procedure done because they fear they will lose the ability to talk or to swallow. Neither is true. And, the new trach tubes make it possible to easily take care of a tracheostomy and the tubes.
I have mitochondrial myopathy, which has caused restrictive lung disease. Over the last several years, my oxygen decreased despite the fact that my carbon dioxide remained normal. I had constant need for oxygen and spent all night trying to use a mask-delivered bilevel positive air pressure system. It didn't work; I was chronically sleep- and oxygen-deprived. So, after several episodes of pulmonary edema and pneumonia and after discussions with my pulmonologists, we decided that a tracheostomy would make my oxygen better and my life easier.
The trach has given me back my life. I no longer need external oxygen; I can sleep using a ventilator at any time and get quality rest. I can talk using a Passy-Muir valve (PMV), which does not alter my normal voice. Although I have swallowing problems that pre-date the trach, I can emphatically say that the trach has not made them worse.
The tracheostomy was done under anesthesia, and the recovery period was not long. I needed pain medication for about two days.
I was in the surgical intensive care unit for two days, then transferred to the NEURO-ENT unit, where the respiratory therapy experts showed me how to suction, clean and change the inner cannula; change the trach collar; and use the PMV.
They also taught me how to use saline as a cough stimulant; how to do both deep and shallow suctioning procedures; and how to inflate and deflate the inner cuff.
I left the hospital after eight days, but part of that was because my lupus flared. If you do not have any complications, the usual stay is about five to six days. Everything really settles down after about two weeks.
The best part is that I can take care of my trach myself.
It has an inner cannula that is easily removed, cleaned and reused (some disposable fenestrated inner tubes may only be reused one or two times). The fenestrated trach allows me to talk with or without the PMV, and the trach itself only has to be changed every three months. This change is done by my physician in his office.
There has been no need for suctioning, although I have a portable 3-pound suction machine to carry with me if necessary. Mainly I carry an extra inner cannula, PMV and cotton-tipped swabs to clean the inner cannula.
Usually, I know when the cannula needs swab cleaning just by the way it feels. I clean any removed cannula in a mixture of water and Listerine mouthwash (which I have found works better than hydrogen peroxide). When the inner cannula is out, I use a cleaning brush to clean inside the actual trach. Occasionally, because of coughing, there is mucus along part of the outer cannula. I do not use any agent to clean inside the outer cannula.
It would be unrealistic to say that there are no possible side effects to having a tracheostomy.
It's possible to have infection (such as tracheitis) and, in rare situations, tracheomalacia. Tracheomalacia is a weakening of small regions of the trachea, usually causing leakage of air around the inflated cuff. This usually requires a change to a larger and longer tracheostomy tube, but does not require removal of the trach.
For almost all problems, the trach is changed and infections are treated. I haven't had an infection for 10 months, and believe that I've really reduced the likelihood of future infections by my cleaning technique.
Getting a tracheostomy has literally changed my life. I feel liberated from the struggle to breathe, and I look forward to many more years of useful life!
Jan Goddard-Finegold, M.D., has mitochondrial myopathy; her intercostal chest muscles, paraspinous muscles, and hip and quadriceps muscles are those most affected. She uses a power wheelchair for mobility. Her tracheostomy was performed in December 2009. A neurodevelopmental physician, Jan retired in 2002. She is married to a physician, has three grown children, two grandchildren and two very demanding dachshunds.


Where do your children and grandchildren live?
Do you enjoy "seeing the sights", attending shows or athletic events, maybe recreational activities where you maybe go "off the grid"?
It may be possible to find yourself in one of these situations. Finding out you may not have access to the health care coverage you might need? We can't plan for when or where sick or hurt happens but you can ensure you have coverage.
Medicare has the widest network of doctors within in the United States, therefore you will be covered anywhere you travel in the U.S., as long as the doctor or hospital accepts Medicare.
Conversely, in most cases, Original Medicare will not cover any foreign health emergency outside of the U.S. and its territories, including cruising.
3rd party travel insurance is an option for anyone that wants to add coverage at the last minute. This travel insurance does not always cover pre-existing conditions and can be rather tricky when it does.
3) Medicare Advantage May Not Cover Emergencies Outside the U.S.
Medicare Advantage plans have a small network of doctors and hospitals. Therefore if you are traveling outside of your home state/network you most likely will not be not covered in the U.S. However, MA plans may cover you if you have emergency while traveling outside the U.S. It is important to remember that Medicare Advantage plans are not standardized, so you will have research this before choosing a plan.
Medigap has the same network of doctors and hospitals in the U.S., therefore you can travel anywhere within the States and your coverage is the same. As for emergency care when traveling outside of the country, 7 out of the 11 standardized Medigap plans cover foreign emergencies and health services.
Medigap Plan F is the most comprehensive by covering your Medicare co-pays, deductibles, and extra hospital days, as well as Medigap Plan F plan will cover up to 50k in foreign medical bills.


text:
Jag Panzer > Casting the Stones > Reviews > ArnoldHablewitz
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No Remorse
Casting the Stones
Jag Panzer
View all reviews for Jag Panzer - Casting the Stones
They just keep putting out great albums - 90%
ArnoldHablewitz, June 26th, 2011
Originally appeared in "The Wormwood Chronicles."
Picking up right where "Mechanized Warfare" left off, JP just launches into the seering distortion and cool melodies. Rikard Stjernquist is fast becoming a better drummer with every album the band puts out. I mean if anyone can start up a "Most Improved Metal Musician" award somewhere, this guy should at least get nominated. His playing is becoming more and more colorful, and he's beginning to prove that being in a metal band of this type can have more than just a steady beat, but that some serious technique and invention can be brought to the table as well. Everyone else is still just as good as always. Mark Briody and John Tetley continue to be the driving force behind the Panzer's music, and Harry Conklin continues to work in his unique vocal style into every tune. The man has a great nose for the epic melody, and he seems to be getting a bit gruffer and meaner with every album as well, which is definetely an improvement. Chris Broderick...well, in my honest opinion he is a guitarist without peer. He succeeds on this album at what Rob Johnson and Tony MacAlpine have failed in their attempts to do...he crafts immense shred solos on a 7-string guitar that are incredibly memorable. Really, you'd be hard-pressed to find a more soulful 7-string metal guitarist.
As for the songs, these suckers are great. I honestly didn't think anything could top "Mechanized Warfare," which had such bitchin' numbers as "Take to the Sky," "The Scarlet Letter," and "The Silent," and while I don't necessarily think that JP have succeeded in topping that awesome effort, I think they have come incredibly close. I mean, one need only listen to songs like "Tempest," and "Mission (1943)" to know that this albums ranks up there with the best Jag Panzer material, and I'll go on record as saying that my personal favorite, "Battered and Bruised," leaves you feeling just that... that you've been assaulted by a serious metal force to be reckoned with. Even my least favorite track on the album, the somewhat hoaky "Cold," is so infectious and heavy that every now and then I catch myself singing along to it while driving.
Proof that while Jag Panzer will never be superstars, they WILL stand the test of time and remain the metal legends that they are.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Headlines: Matthew, Dash Snow and Frieze
1) Five Dutch Paintings Returned After a Decade Missing
Five artworks from the Dutch Golden Age have been recovered and returned to the Westfries Museum in Hoorn, Netherlands, after being stolen in January of 2005. The original theft, which is thought to have been perpetrated by thieves who hid in a coffin that was being displayed in the museum until after closing, included 24 paintings and 70 pieces of silverware, worth a total of about €1.3 million. Gone without a trace for over a decade, the works were feared lost forever, until a member of a Ukranian militia force called the Dutch embassy in July of 2015, stating that he and his soldiers had found the 24 paintings and wished to make a deal. While this initial deal was not fruitful, an eventual operation by the Ukranian Security Service managed to retrieve 5 of the works. The museum is hopeful that the remainder of the paintings will soon be returned.
http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/05/arts/stolen-dutch-artworks-westfries-museum/
2) ICA Miami Closes Temporarily Due to Hurricane Matthew
The Institute of Contemporary Art in Miami was forced to close down on Wednesday and Thursday as a result of the onset of Hurricane Matthew. The hurricane had already ripped through Haiti and the Bahamas, generating a tragically high death toll. Weather experts warmed Floridians to be on high alert for a possible category 4 storm that would require evacuation from the area. As of this writing, there are no reports of apparent damage to the institute.
3) McDonald's Sued by the Estate of Dash Snow
McDonald's is under fire from the estate of the late street artist Dash Snow. The New York graffiti artist and photographer, who passed away in 2009 at the age of 27, was well-known for his signature tag appearing on various hard-to-reach surfaces throughout Manhattan and the surrounding boroughs. Recently, a number of McDonald's restaurants took on the decorative touch of a graffiti-covered accent wall that includes Snow's signature tag, as well as numerous other unidentified scrawls of graffiti. The artist's former girlfriend and estate executor Jade Berreau is claiming that McDonalds has brazenly copied Snow's work, additionally making it seem as though the artist is affiliated with other graffiti tags which appear on the wall. According to Berreau, Snow never sold his work or made it available online because he wanted to avoid the type of corporate consumption that McDonald's exemplifies.
4) France Increases Culture Budget to $4 Billion
It would seem that France is the place to be for artists right now. The nation has pledged to increase its annual arts and culture budget to €3.6 billion, or about $4 billion USD, in the next year. This is an increase of 5.5% percent from the 2016 budget, a significant jump in governmental support for the arts. The budget includes a specific 7% increase for museum funding. Audrey Azoulay, France's culture minister, notes that the sudden, substantial uptake in arts and culture funding is partially in response to the recent rash of terrorist incidents that have plagued the country over the past year, including the attacks in Paris and the violence at the Bastille Day celebrations in Nice.
5) Frieze 2016 Kicks off in London
Yesterday marked the first day of the 2016 Frieze Art Fair in London, England. The fair, one of the most well-known and culturally important art fairs throughout the world, is host to hundreds of different galleries, and thousands of individual artists. This year the fair includes works by well-known favorites like Anish Kapoor and Grayson Perry, as well as numerous up-and-comers. While the fair is usually known as an event where the rich can congregate to make big-ticket art purchases, gallery owners and artists alike have said that the fair is just as much about getting their artwork out there, and fostering a sense of community in the art world.


text:
Q: Magento Get Last Order Id on Payment Info Block Email
See above is a picture of new order acknowledgement email of Magento.
On the website we're developing we use Fontis Australia extension (http://www.magentocommerce.com/magento-connect/fontis-australia.html) to implement BPay payment method. The extension works ok, except that on the order acknowledgement email, the Email ref always show 000000.
I try to look at it and see that the ref number generated need the order ID as input to generate the correct ref number.
The extension use this code to get the last order number on payment info block:
    $order_id = Mage::getSingleton('checkout/session')->getLastRealOrderId();
I try to use and print the result from other controller, it shows the correct order number. But seems that for the payment info block on email, the order number info can't be retrieved. Actually the same block also called out on the checkout success page, and it shows correctly.
Can somebody suggest other way to get the last order id on payment info block on Magento Email?

A: In info template you can use $order = $this->getInfo()->getOrder(); to get Mage_Sales_Model_Order object. Then you can get current order id by $order->getData('increment_id').
But with this code, you get error in checkout process, because $this->getInfo() returns other model.
So dirty solution, that works for me without errors, is:
$info = $this->getInfo();
if ($info instanceof Mage_Sales_Model_Order_Payment) {
    $order = $info->getOrder();
    echo $order->getData('increment_id'));
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I seem to be having trouble blogging. My last post was on March 28th, an even 50 days ago. I think that's one of the longest periods I've gone without posting since the very early days of the blog. I blogged more frequently than this throughout the months when my parents died.
Part of the reason for the reduced blogging is that I've been doing small projects around the house. We never really finished moving in, so I have a lot of catching up to do — unpacking boxes, moving furniture, putting things together. It uses up my spare time.
It also doesn't help that my day job is changing. I'm taking on additional responsibilities, and I'm spending more time having to learn about some new technologies, which uses up more of my spare time. More importantly, it uses up my mental energy. Writing Windypundit is hard work. I have trouble finding the time to start new posts, and I have trouble keeping up the momentum it takes to finish a post.
There's one other cause for my lack of blogging: The presidency of Donald Trump. Or rather, the difficulty I have in dealing coherently with the presidency of Donald Trump. I tend to blog about what might be called policy issues, and those aren't much in the news these days.
That's no surprise. My position has consistently been that Trump is a narcissistic sociopath. It's not easy to talk about Trump's policy preferences because he doesn't have any beyond doing whatever is good for him. Heck, his "tax plan" consisted of a one page summary of provisions and some details given by his staff, and the provisions with the most details were the ones that would give Trump himself a big tax break.
I don't know how to talk about policy ideas so vague and incomplete. Other pundits filled in the holes, but some of their assumptions were contradictory. Anything I wrote would be dependent on way too many assumptions to be useful.
The Republican healthcare plan was a lot more detailed — an actual bill before Congress — but even then it didn't offer a solution to any of the major problems with Obamacare, nor did it deliver on Trump's promises of much better healthcare plans. It just didn't seem like serious policy, and that didn't seem worth writing about, especially since non-serious policy could change when the wind blows.
In any case, both the tax plan and the healthcare plan were met with scathing responses from throughout the punditocracy. Much of the response was partisan, a little too much of it was crazy, and some of it I strongly disagreed with it. But all too often, by the time I caught up to the news cycle, everyone else had already said what I wanted to say, or close enough that I didn't feel motivated to write.
That's not to say there aren't some real policy issues. Jeff Sessions all by himself is ramping up the war on drugs and shutting down criminal justice reform. I could certainly say things about that. But I've been saying things about that for a decade and a half, and everything I want to say right now boils down to "it's very, very, very, very wrong to hurt people for committing consensual crimes." That's what I always say, and it doesn't seem to be helping.
So right now it feels like everything I could write about anything going on is basically pointless.
I'm sure I'll get over it. In part, I need to find better sources of news and information. I now realize that much of my daily skim was geared toward covering the liberal/leftist/Democratic establishment. I need to reorient my reading to find more interesting approaches to the sins of the conservative/right/Republican establishment. I'm not talking only about sites that attack the issues of the right. Sites that smugly defend them are just as useful for my purposes.
I also need to get away from the news cycle's breathless coverage of every single Trump controversy. Potential scandals involving Russians, Comey, and Flynn may very well have an important, even devastating, effect on the Trump presidency, but they're not what I want to blog about. I'm sure there are important policy changes going on — immigration is an obvious example — and I need to find out more about them.
Anything is fine. Just glad to see you back blogging. Immigration sounds interesting, as does "ranting about Jack Marshall's ugly values".


text:
Typhlotanais mananensis är en kräftdjursart som beskrevs av Wallace 1919. Typhlotanais mananensis ingår i släktet Typhlotanais och familjen Nototanaidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Tanaider
mananensis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
\section{Introduction}

Coherent manipulation of quantum states is at the core of contemporary quantum physics.
The development of analytical models \cite{Rabi1937,Landau1932,Zener1932,Stuckelberg1932,Majorana1932,Rosen1932} treating laser interaction between two,
three and more levels \cite{Allen1975,Shore1990} is fundamental for the understanding and the demonstration of effects like rapid adiabatic passage (RAP)
\cite{Vitanov2001RAP}, stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) \cite{Vitanov2017STIRAP} and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)
\cite{Harris1997,Fleischhauer2005,Ullah2018}, to name just a few.
Generally, the problems of coherent population transfer and state preparation involve only bound states that lye deep inside the potential of the atom, which have
well defined discrete energies.
There exist, however, unbound states lying outside the potential of the atom distributed continuously in energy, and therefore termed continuum states.

The simplest, flat continuum possesses no structures.
However, structures in the continuum can be induced by laser fields.
The emergence of resonance structures in the continuum has been described by Fano in his seminal paper \cite{Fano1961} on autoionisation.
If a bound state is coupled to the continuum by a strong laser field, the latter ``embeds'' this state into the continuum.
Scanning through this energy range by another (weak) laser field which couples a second state to the same continuum reveals a resonance structure
known as \emph{laser-induced-continuum-structure (LICS)} \cite{Armstrong1975}.
A suitable choice of the two-photon detuning between the two bound states, given by the \emph{trapping condition} \cite{Coleman1982}, allows to suppress the
ionization in theory to zero.
In experiments, ionization suppression by as much as 80\% has been achieved by Halfmann and co-workers \cite{Halfmann1998, Yatsenko1999}.

When the trapping condition is fulfilled, coherent processes between the bound states become possible.
The most prominent among these processes is coherent population transfer between the bound states.
In particular, the counterintuitive arrangement of the light fields, as in STIRAP, allows for population transfer between the bound states through the continuum state,
with little or even no ionization \cite{Carroll1992,Carroll1993,Carroll1995,Carroll1996}.
In experiments, population transfer efficiency of about 20\% has been achieved \cite{Peters2005,Peters2007}.
Optimal population transfer occurs only if the trapping condition on the two-photon detuning is achieved, especially if it is satisfied during the entire evolution of the
system \cite{Nakajima1994}.
Because the driving fields are time-dependent the trapping condition becomes time-dependent too.
This requirement can be met to some extent by techniques like pulse chirping \cite{Paspalakis1997,Paspalakis1998,Vitanov1997} and non-ionising Stark shifts \cite{Yatsenko1997,Vitanov1997}.
Incoherent decay channels can be suppressed by coupling of additional states to the system \cite{Unanyan1998}.
Viewed from the opposite angle, LICS can be used aslo to increase ionisation via STIRAP into a continuum \cite{Rangelov2007}.

The standard LICS problem, reviewed by Knight \cite{Knight1990}, describes a Raman type transition between two bound states with intermediate common
continuum state.
Further theoretical development expands the model by including multiple continua \cite{Bohmer2002}, while keeping two bound states.
Three bound states coupled to a continuum have been studied too \cite{Unanyan2000}, and in this system two trapping conditions have been derived.
An attempt to include sub-level structure of the bound states was realised by switching to the Laplace domain \cite{Parzynski1987,Parzynski1988}, which has the
limitation of specific excitation patterns.
In addition, simply adding more bound states to the standard LICS model drastically increases the complexity and prevents the derivation of a trapping condition
because, in order to find such, one has to solve a characteristic polynomial equation of growing order as the number of states increases.

Some experimental demonstrations of LICS revealed interesting effects about chemical reactions \cite{Shnitman1996,Thanopulos2010}, ionisation branching
\cite{Eramo1998} and harmonic generation \cite{Pavlov1982}.
Further experiments in molecules \cite{Faucher1999} showed how vibrational states can influence interference patterns and emphasised the need of more
complicated LICS models, that account for molecular properties.
The high-order LICS effects in complex systems remain largely unstudied due to the lack of more sophisticated theoretical models, that account for multiple bound
states.

In this paper we treat the excitation dynamics of degenerate levels of ground and excited bound states, coupled to a common continuum.
In order to address problems with the growing complexity of a large number of bound states  we show how a multilevel LICS system can be reduced to independent
sub-systems of smaller dimension, by a proper change of basis.
We further derive the trapping condition for the population transfer between the bound states of the sub-systems.
We explore the dynamics for different initial conditions and their Fano profiles, and we suggest new applications of LICS based on our findings.

This paper is organized as follows.
In Section~\ref{Sec:two} we introduce the problem.
Section ~\ref{Sec:results} treats population trapping, different initializations of the system and the associated Fano profiles.
We conclude our presentation in Section~\ref{Sec:conclusion}.

\section{Multilevel LICS system}\label{Sec:two}

\begin{figure}[tb]
\begin{tabular}{c}
\includegraphics[width=0.45\columnwidth]{fig1-a.eps}\llap{
  \parbox[b]{3.3 in}{(a)\\\rule{0ex}{1.61in}
  }} \\ \includegraphics[width=0.390\columnwidth]{fig1-b.eps}\llap{
  \parbox[b]{3.0 in}{(b)\\\rule{0ex}{1.61in}
  }}
\end{tabular}
\caption{(Color online)
Multilevel LICS coupling scheme.
(a) Four bound states coupled to common continuum.
(b) The effectively reduced system of inter-coupled bound states, by elimination of the continuum.
}\label{fig:System}
\end{figure}

We consider the simplest multilevel system, that has more than one state in each ground and excited bound levels, namely two ground and two excited states coupled
to a common continuum by two independent lasers as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:System} (a).
For the sake of simplicity we shall ignore highly detuned transitions, continuum-continuum transitions and we will assume the ground and excited levels to be
degenerate.

The evolution of the system is governed by the time dependent Schrodinger equation($\hbar=1$)
 \begin{equation}
i\frac{d}{dt}\mathbf{A}(t)=\mathbf{H}_{Sch}(t)\mathbf{A}(t),
 \end{equation}%
driven by a Hamiltonian which in Schrodinger picture reads
 \begin{equation}
\mathbf{H}_{Sch}=\left[
\begin{array}{ccccc}
 \omega _{g_1} & 0 & 0 & 0 & -\hat{\Omega }_{g_1,p} \\
 0 & \omega _{g_2} & 0 & 0 & -\hat{\Omega }_{g_2,p} \\
 0 & 0 & \omega _{e_1} & 0 & -\hat{\Omega }_{e_1,s} \\
 0 & 0 & 0 & \omega _{e_2} & -\hat{\Omega }_{e_2,s} \\
 -\hat{\Omega }_{g_1,p} & -\hat{\Omega }_{g_2,p} & -\hat{\Omega }_{e_1,s} & -\hat{\Omega }_{e_2,s} & \omega _{\epsilon _c}
   \\
\end{array}
\right].
 \end{equation}
The operator Rabi frequencies acting on the state vector's component $a_n(t)$ are defined as
 \begin{equation}
\hat{\Omega }_{i,l}a_n(t)= \int_{0}^{\infty} \Omega_{i,\epsilon,l}(t) \cos(\omega_l t)a_n(t) d\epsilon,
 \end{equation}
linking the transition between the $i$-th bound state and a continuum state of energy $\epsilon,$ due to the $l$-th laser.
We can eliminate the continuum state by the procedure given in \cite{Knight1990} and also switch the phase picture by $a_n(t) \rightarrow c_n(t) =a_n(t)\exp(i \omega_n t)$.
Thus we reduce the system to the effective interaction among the bound states illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:System} (b) whose evolution is given by
 \begin{equation}
i\frac{d}{dt}\mathbf{C}(t)=\mathbf{H}(t)\mathbf{C}(t),  \label{Sch}
 \end{equation}%
The Hamiltonian driving the reduced system is a non-Hermitian matrix given by
 \begin{equation}
\mathbf{H}(t)=-\frac{1}{2}(\mathbf{H}_0+i\mathbf{H}_1),\label{H}
 \end{equation}
with
  \begin{subequations}
\bea
\mathbf{H}_0&=\left[
\begin{array}{cccc}
 -2 \text{$\delta $S}_g & q_{\text{gg}} \Gamma _{g} & q_{\text{eg}} \Gamma _{\text{eg}} & q_{\text{eg}} \Gamma _{\text{eg}} \\
 q_{\text{gg}} \Gamma _{g} & -2 \text{$\delta $S}_g & q_{\text{eg}} \Gamma _{\text{eg}} & q_{\text{eg}} \Gamma _{\text{eg}} \\
 q_{\text{eg}} \Gamma _{\text{eg}} & q_{\text{eg}} \Gamma _{\text{eg}} & -2 \left(\Delta +\text{$\delta   $S}_e\right) & q_{\text{ee}} \Gamma _{e} \\
 q_{\text{eg}} \Gamma _{\text{eg}} & q_{\text{eg}} \Gamma _{\text{eg}} & q_{\text{ee}} \Gamma _{e} & -2  \left(\Delta +\text{$\delta $S}_e\right)
\end{array}
\right],\label{H0}\\
\mathbf{H}_1&=\left[
\begin{array}{cccc}
 \Gamma _g & \Gamma _{g} & \Gamma _{\text{eg}} & \Gamma _{\text{eg}} \\
 \Gamma _{g} & \Gamma _g & \Gamma _{\text{eg}} & \Gamma _{\text{eg}} \\
 \Gamma _{\text{eg}} & \Gamma _{\text{eg}} & \Gamma _e & \Gamma_{e} \\
 \Gamma _{\text{eg}} & \Gamma _{\text{eg}} & \Gamma _{e} & \Gamma _e
\end{array}
\right] . \label{H1}
\ea\label{H0H1}
  \end{subequations}
The diagonal elements in Eqs.~\eqref{H0H1} are defined as follows.
First of all,
 \begin{equation}
\Delta=E_{e_i}-E_{g_i}+\omega_{s}-\omega_{p}
 \end{equation}
is the reduced two-photon detuning connecting the ground and excited states through the continuum.
Since we assume degeneracy, $\Delta$ is the same for both bound levels. The ionization rate due to a single laser is given by
 \begin{equation}
\Gamma _{k} = \frac{1}{2} \pi    \left|\Omega _{kc_{\epsilon},l}\right|^2,\label{Gama_sl}
 \end{equation}
where $k$ runs over the bound states $g$ and $e$, $l$ runs over the lasers, and  $c_{\epsilon}$ designates a continuum state with energy $\epsilon$ in the new
phase picture.
The Stark shifts caused by the lasers are defined as
 \begin{equation}
\delta S_k= -\mathcal{P.V} \displaystyle\SumInt d\epsilon\frac{\left|\Omega _{kc_{\epsilon},l}\right|^2}{4 (\epsilon-E_k-\omega_l)}.
 \end{equation}

The off-diagonal elements
 \begin{equation}
\Gamma_{ij}=\frac{1}{2} \pi    \Omega _{ic_{\epsilon},a} \Omega _{jc_{\epsilon},b}=\sqrt{\Gamma_i\Gamma_j},\quad i\neq j
 \end{equation}
give the two-photon coupling between the bound ground  $i$ and excited $j$ states through the continuum state $c_{\epsilon}$ due to the interaction with both
lasers.

The continuum affects the evolution of the system by the Fano parameters
 \begin{equation}
q_{ij}= \frac{\mathcal{P.V.} \displaystyle\SumInt d\epsilon\frac{\Omega _{i c_\epsilon ,l} \Omega _{j c_\epsilon,m}^*}{2 (\epsilon-E_g-\omega_l)}}{\Gamma_{ij}},
 \end{equation}
where $\omega_l$ is the frequency of each laser $l$ which drives the respective bound $\rightarrow$ continuum transition, while $m$ indicates the  laser driving the
continuum $\rightarrow$ bound transition.
For example, $l=p=m$ for $g\rightarrow c_{\epsilon}\rightarrow g$ transition, and $l=p$, $m=s$ for $g\rightarrow c_{\epsilon}\rightarrow e$ transitions.
Since we consider a degenerate system, we can distinguish between three different Fano parameters, namely (i) $q_{gg}$ for transitions linking $c_{g_1}$ and
$c_{g_2}$ through the continuum, (ii) $g_{ee}$ for transitions linking $c_{e_1}$ and $c_{e_2}$, and (iii) transitions between bound states through the continuum
$c_{g_i}$ and $c_{e_j}$.

The elimination of the continuum state reduces the problem to four inter-coupled bound states.
Although this elimination simplifies the system, it does not amount to solving the problem.
For example, if we try to derive a population trapping condition by imposing conditions on the characteristic polynomial of Eq.~\eqref{H}, as in \cite{Knight1990}, we
have to solve a forth-order equation for the eigenvalues of the system.
If we add more states to the system the problem becomes algebraically unsolvable in this basis.

A way out of this difficulty is the similarity transformation
  \begin{equation}
\mathbf{U}=\left[
\begin{array}{cc}
 \mathbf{R}(\theta) & \mathbf{0}\\
  \mathbf{0} & \mathbf{R}(\theta)
\end{array}
\right],\label{U_ms}
 \end{equation}
where the matrix $\mathbf{R}$ reads
 \begin{equation}
\mathbf{R}=\left[
\begin{array}{cc}
 \cos (\theta ) & \sin (\theta ) \\
 -\sin (\theta ) & \cos (\theta ) \\
\end{array}
\right].
 \end{equation}
Thus we can reduce the system to independent sub-systems, and allow for a simpler derivation of the trapping condition by fixing the rotation angle at $\theta=\pi/4,$
and further applying the shift transformation
 \begin{equation}
\mathbf{P}=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}
 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\
 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\
 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\
\end{array}\right].
 \end{equation}
The transformed Hamiltonian then reads
\bea
\widetilde{\mathbf{H}}&=\mathbf{P}\mathbf{U}\mathbf{H}\mathbf{U}^{\dagger}\mathbf{P}
=\left[\begin{array}{cc}
 \mathbf{H}_b & \mathbf{0} \\
 \mathbf{0} & \mathbf{H}_d \\
\end{array}\right],
\ea
where the matrices $\mathbf{H}_b$ and $\mathbf{H}_d$ are given by
  \begin{subequations}
\bea
\mathbf{H}_b &=\left[
\begin{array}{cc}
 \text{$\delta $S}_g-\frac{1}{2} \left(q_{\text{gg}}+2 i\right) \Gamma _g & -\left(q_{\text{eg}}+i\right)
   \sqrt{\Gamma _e \Gamma _g} \\
 -\left(q_{\text{eg}}+i\right) \sqrt{\Gamma _e \Gamma _g} & \Delta -\frac{1}{2} \left(q_{\text{ee}}+2
   i\right) \Gamma _e+\text{$\delta $S}_e \\
\end{array}
\right],\\
\mathbf{H}_d &=\left[
\begin{array}{cc}
 \frac{q_{\text{gg}} \Gamma _g}{2}+\text{$\delta $S}_g & 0 \\
 0 & \Delta +\frac{q_{\text{ee}} \Gamma _e}{2}+\text{$\delta $S}_e \\
\end{array}
\right].
\ea
  \end{subequations}

The combined transformation upon the state vector reads,
 \begin{equation}
\mathbf{P}\mathbf{U}\mathbf{C}(t)=
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left[
\begin{array}{c}
 c_{g_1}+c_{g_2} \\
 c_{e_1}+c_{e_2} \\
 c_{g_2}-c_{g_1} \\
 c_{e_2}-c_{e_1} \\
\end{array}
\right]=\left[
\begin{array}{c}
 b_{g} \\
 b_{e} \\
 d_{g} \\
 d_{e} \\
\end{array}
\right].
 \end{equation}
In the next section, we investigate the behaviour of the reduced system, and derive the conditions for population trapping.

\section{Excitation probabilities and Fano profiles}\label{Sec:results}

The benefit of the block-diagonalization of Eq.~\eqref{H} is that now $\mathbf{H}_b$ and $\mathbf{H}_d$ operate independently on the superposition states $\{b_g,b_e\}$ and
$\{d_g,d_e\}$, respectively.
This allows us to derive separate trapping conditions.
In our current example this is solely for $\mathbf{H}_b$ since $\mathbf{H}_d$ is composed of "dark" states, which do not participate in the excitation.
In order to find the trapping condition, we require to have a real eigenvalue of $\mathbf{H}_b$, i.e. a real solution of its characteristic polynomial.
Thus we find the trapping condition to be
 \begin{equation}
\Delta=\tfrac12\left(\Gamma _e q_{\text{ee}}-\Gamma _g q_{\text{gg}}\right) +q_{\text{eg}} \left(\Gamma _g-\Gamma
   _e\right)+\text{$\delta $S}_g-\text{$\delta $S}_e.\label{Trapping}
 \end{equation}
 The main difference between the trapping condition of a standard two-level LICS and our model is the additional term deriving from the couplings of the same bound
 level through the continuum.
 In order to explore this difference we turn to the solution of the system driven by $\mathbf{H}_b.$
 For the sake of simplicity, we look at continuous-wave (cw) excitation where the two lasers act for a specific time period $T$.
 If pulsed excitation is used the time dependence for the couplings and the detuning has to be the same \cite{Nakajima1994}, which is not a particular difficulty for
 modern laser systems.

\subsubsection{System initialized in a coherent superposition of states}

In the simplest scenario, we initialize the system in a coherent superposition of the ground states $[c_{g_1}(0)+c_{g_2}(0)] / {\sqrt{2}} = b_g(0) = 1$.
This initial condition ensures that the dark states will not be populated and the evolution of the system will be governed by
 \begin{equation}
i \frac{d}{dt}\mathbf{B}=\mathbf{H}_b\mathbf{B},  \label{HuShr}
 \end{equation}%
with $\mathbf{B}=[b_{g}, b_{e}]^T$.

The general solution of Eq.~\eqref{HuShr} is too cumbersome to be presented here even for cw excitation.
A simplified solution can be generated if we substitute the trapping condition of Eq.~\eqref{Trapping} back into the solution which then reads
  \begin{subequations}
\bea
b_g&=\frac{\left[\Gamma _e+\Gamma _g e^{i t \left(q_{\text{eg}}+i\right) \left(\Gamma _e+\Gamma   _g\right)}\right] e^{-\frac{1}{2} i t \left(\Gamma _g \left(2
q_{\text{eg}}-q_{\text{gg}}\right)+2   \text{$\delta $S}_g\right)}}{\Gamma _e+\Gamma _g},\\
b_e&=\frac{\sqrt{\Gamma _e \Gamma _g} \left[ e^{i t \left(q_{\text{eg}}+i\right) \left(\Gamma _e+\Gamma   _g\right)}-1\right] e^{-\frac{1}{2} i t \left(\Gamma _g
\left(2 q_{\text{eg}}-q_{\text{gg}}\right)+2   \text{$\delta $S}_g\right)}}{\Gamma _e+\Gamma _g}.
\ea
  \end{subequations}
\begin{figure}[tb]
 \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{fig2.eps}
\caption{(Color online)
Probability amplitudes versus time $t/T$ normalized over the duration of the excitation for system initialized in the "bright" ground state.
The red and blue lines give the ground and excited bright states, respectively, while the dashed black line depicts the  ionization probability.
\\
The excitation parameters are set to $\delta S_g=0.5 T^{-1} $, $\delta S_e=0.6 T^{-1} $, $\Gamma _g=5.5 T^{-1},$ $\Gamma _e=12.74 T^{-1},$ $q_{gg}=2.3$,
$q_{eg}=3.4$, $q_{ee}=5$.
}\label{fig:P for cs}
\end{figure}

The evolution of the system under the trapping condition is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:P for cs}.

\subsubsection{System initialized in one of the ground states}

\begin{figure}[tb]
 \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{fig3.eps}
\caption{(Color online)
The same as Fig.~\ref{fig:P for cs} but for the system initially in state $\ket{g_1}$.
 The dashed black line depicts the  ionization probability, while the green line gives the population in
the dark state. The excitation parameters are set to $\delta S_g=0.5 T^{-1} $, $\delta S_e=0.6 T^{-1} $, $\Gamma _g=5.5 T^{-1},$ $\Gamma _e=12.74 T^{-1},$
$q_{gg}=2.3$, $q_{eg}=3.4$, $q_{ee}=5$.
}\label{fig:P for g1}
\end{figure}

The multilevel LICS problem is quite sensitive to the initial condition.
If we instead initialize the system in one of its ground states, say $c_{g_1}(0)=1$, we will have to account for one of the dark states, namely $d_g$.
The evolution of the system is then governed by
 \begin{equation}
i \frac{d}{dt}\left[
\begin{array}{c}
 \mathbf{B} \\
 d_{g}
\end{array}
\right]=  \left[
\begin{array}{cc}
 \mathbf{H}_b & 0 \\
 0 & \frac{q_{\text{gg}} \Gamma _g}{2}+\text{$\delta $S}_g
\end{array}
\right] \left[
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{B} \\
 d_{g}
\end{array}
\right]\label{G1state}.
 \end{equation}
Due to the block-diagonal form of Eq.(\ref{G1state}) the solution for $\mathbf{B}$ remains unchanged besides a factor accounting for the new initial condition.
The solution of Eq.~\eqref{G1state} with imposed trapping condition and accounting for the dark state reads
  \begin{subequations}
\bea
b_g&=\frac{\left[\Gamma _e+\Gamma _g e^{i t \left(q_{\text{eg}}+i\right) \left(\Gamma _e+\Gamma _g\right)}\right] e^{-\frac{1}{2}
   i t \left[\Gamma _g \left(2 q_{\text{eg}}-q_{\text{gg}}\right)+2 \text{$\delta $S}_g\right]}}{\sqrt{2} \left(\Gamma   _e+\Gamma _g\right)},\\
b_e&=\frac{\sqrt{\Gamma _e \Gamma _g} \left[e^{i t \left(q_{\text{eg}}+i\right) \left(\Gamma _e+\Gamma _g\right)}-1\right]
   e^{-\frac{1}{2} i t \left[\Gamma _g \left(2 q_{\text{eg}}-q_{\text{gg}}\right)+2 \text{$\delta $S}_g\right]}}{\sqrt{2}
   \left(\Gamma _e+\Gamma _g\right)},\\
d_g&=-\frac{e^{-\frac{1}{2} i t \left(2 \text{$\delta $S}_g+\Gamma _g q_{\text{gg}}\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}.
\ea
  \end{subequations}
The population evolution is depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig:P for g1}.
We note the difference in the ionisation as well as the diminishing excitation of the bright states.
This is the direct consequence of the initial condition.
With the initial condition $c_{g_1}(0)=1$ the ionisation
 \begin{equation}
I=1-\left|b_g\right|^2-\left|b_e \right|^2-\left|d_g\right|^2\label{ionisation g1}
 \end{equation}
decreases, since the dark state tends to preserve half of the population among $c_{g_1}$ and $c_{g_2}.$
Consequently, less population can pass through the continuum to the excited bound states.
This behaviour outlines the importance of initializing the system at $b_g(0)=1,$ since in that case the term $|d_g|^2$ in Eq.~\eqref{ionisation g1} vanishes.

\subsubsection{Fano profile}

Finally we point out significant differences between the Fano ionisation profiles of our four-level model and the two-level model of \cite{Knight1990}, whose evolution
is driven by
 \begin{equation}
\mathbf{H}_{2lvl}\left[
\begin{array}{cc}
 \text{$\delta $S}_g-\frac{i \Gamma _g}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \left(q_{\text{eg}}+i\right) \sqrt{\Gamma _e \Gamma _g} \\
 -\frac{1}{2} \left(q_{\text{eg}}+i\right) \sqrt{\Gamma _e \Gamma _g} & \Delta -\frac{i \Gamma _e}{2}+\text{$\delta $S}_e \\
\end{array}
\right].\label{H2lvl}
 \end{equation}
The structure of $\mathbf{H}_b$ and $\mathbf{H}_{2lvl}$ is very similar. The excitation differs by a factor of $\tfrac12$ and the diagonal elements are effectively shifted, so naturally one
can expect the same Fano profile, whose minimum is also shifted.
\begin{figure}[tb]
 \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{fig4.eps}
\caption{(Color online)
Ionisation versus two photon detuning for different  system configurations.
The red line shows the ionisation for the standard two-state LICS \cite{Knight1990}.
The  blue and green lines show the ionisation for the four-state model of Eq.~\eqref{ionisation g1} with the population initially respectively in state $\ket{g_1}$ and the
bright state $\ket{b_g}$.
The excitation parameters are set to $\delta S_g=0.5T^{-1} $, $\delta S_e=0.6T^{-1} $, $\Gamma _g=5.5T^{-1},$ $\Gamma _e=12.74T^{-1},$ $q_{gg}=2.3$,
$q_{eg}=3.4$, $q_{ee}=5$, $t/T=6$.
}
\label{fig:Fano}
\end{figure}
In Fig.~\ref{fig:Fano} we show the ionisation profiles for different models and different initial conditions.
As we see in the figure, the profile of the two-level system is similar to the the profile of the four-level system initialised in a bright state.
This is not the case for a system initialised in the $\ket{g_1}$ ground states. Looking at the ionisation when both the two-state and four-state models are initialized in
state $\ket{g_1}$, we find that the minimum of the ionisation of the two-state model can correspond to a significant ionisation of the four-state model. This mismatch
shows that approximations ignoring the presence of nearby laying states, streaming for example from magnetic quantum number, do not predict the correct Fano
resonance.
Due to the dark state the ionization of the system can not exceed $\frac12,$ since it keeps half of the population inside the bound states.
This last feature is quite significant and can be harnessed in a few useful ways.
For example, if we want to break a chemical bond which is surrounded by multiple states it is best if we first create a coherent superposition and then ionise at a
maximum of the Fano profile.
Alternatively, by comparing Fano profiles we can judge about the structure of the system, since the more dark states are involved, the smaller the ionisation, as each
dark state will tend to keep more population bounded.

Finally we want to point out that a fulfilled trapping condition does not mean vanishing ionisation but rather a minimum. It ensures that one of the eigenvalues of the
Hamiltonian will be real, but not all. Thus a decay channel is open through the states with complex eigenvalues.

\subsubsection{Non-degeneracy}

Hitherto we have assumed that the states in each level are degenerate.
At first glance, it appears as a strong condition on the system not only because real systems are non-degenerate but it also equalises the strength of all
bound-continuum-bound transitions, as well as the Stark shifts and the Fano parameters.
However such differences will be of the order of the energy shifts among the states in the bound levels and are also quite small compared to the ionisation couplings
$\Gamma_{ij}$.
In order to estimate under what circumstances we can treat the system as degenerate we investigate numerically the evolution of the non-degenerate system driven
by the Hamiltonian
 \begin{equation}
\mathbf{H}_{nd}(t)=
 \left[ \begin{array}{cc}
 \mathbf{\Delta}_{g} & \mathbf{\Gamma}\\
  \mathbf{\Gamma} &  \mathbf{\Delta}_{e}
\end{array} \right], \label{H_nd}
 \end{equation}
where $\mathbf{\Gamma}$ are the coupling matrices of the degenerate Hamiltonian of Eq.~\eqref{H0H1} and the modified ground and excited blocks lye on the
diagonal,
  \begin{subequations}
 \begin{equation}
 \mathbf{\Delta}_{g} =
 \left[ \begin{array}{cc}
 \text{$\delta $S}_g-\frac{i \Gamma _g}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} \left(q_{\text{gg}}+i\right) \Gamma _g \\
 -\frac{1}{2} \left(q_{\text{gg}}+i\right) \Gamma _g & \text{$\delta
   $S}_g -\frac{i \Gamma _g}{2}+\delta _g
\end{array} \right],
 \end{equation}
 \begin{equation}
 \mathbf{\Delta}_{e}=\left[
\begin{array}{cc}
 \Delta -\frac{i \Gamma _e}{2}+\text{$\delta $S}_e & -\frac{1}{2} \left(q_{\text{ee}}+i\right) \Gamma _e
   \\
 -\frac{1}{2} \left(q_{\text{ee}}+i\right) \Gamma _e & \Delta+\text{$\delta $S}_e -\frac{i \Gamma _e}{2}+\delta
   _e \\
\end{array}
\right],
 \end{equation}
  \end{subequations}
which account for the non-degeneracy by the energy shifts between the bound states $\delta_g$ and $\delta_e.$

\begin{figure}[tb]
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{fig5a.eps}\llap{
  \parbox[b]{4.5in}{(a)\\\rule{0ex}{1.51in}
  }} \\
\includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{fig5b.eps}\llap{
  \parbox[b]{4.5in}{(b)\\\rule{0ex}{1.661in}
  }}
\end{tabular}
\caption{(Color online)
(a) Ionisation as a function of the normalized time for the degenerate Hamiltonian (red solid line) of Eq.~\eqref{H0H1} and the non-degenerate (black dashed line) of
Eq.~\eqref{H_nd} for the system initialised in $c_{g_1}(0)=1$.
The excitation parameters are set to $\Gamma _g = 1.08 T^{-1},\Gamma _e = 2.09 T^{-1}, \delta S_g = 0.33 T^{-1},\delta S_e = 0.26T^{-1},
\delta_g = \delta_e = 0.2T^{-1}, q_{gg} = 2.3, q_{eg} = 2.4, q_{ee} = 2.5$.
(b) Fano profiles for the degenerate and non-degenerate  systems. The red line is the degenerate profile, while the blacked dashed line($\delta = 0.02T^{-1}$), the green($\delta = 0.2 T^{-1}$) and the blue($\delta = 0.02T^{-1}$) solid lines are the non-degenerate profiles calculated at $t/T = 10,$ except the blue line which is at $t/T = 20.$
}\label{fig:NondegSys}
\end{figure}

The effect of the non-degeneracy over time, depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig:NondegSys}(a), is to gradually increase the ionisation and deplete the bounded states,
thus to destroy the trapping. The effect of the degeneracy diminishes as the ratio of $\delta_k/\Gamma_{ij},$ which also regulates the width of the Fano profile[see Fig.~\ref{fig:NondegSys}(b)]. For large ratio the additional couplings proportional to the energy shifts become significant and destroy the bright and dark states picture. As evident[green line of Fig.~\ref{fig:NondegSys}(b)] these couplings can allow a higher amount of the population to be ionised when the trapping condition is not met. The minima of the Fano profiles however do not shift significantly, although the width changes at larger times[blue line].
Overall for reasonable time scales and large enough ionisation couplings the system can be treated as degenerate.
We note, however, that due to the nonlinear dependence of the system's response to the ionisation couplings such calculation for the validity of the degenerate
treatment should always be carried out in order to determine the ionisation strength and time window over which it is valid, as well as the error in the probabilities due to the approximation of degeneracy.

\section{Discussion and Summary}\label{Sec:conclusion}

In this paper, we explored the multistate LICS process consisting of two ground and two excited degenerate bound states coupled through a common continuum.
We reduced the dynamics of the system to a block-diagonal form by a rotation, mapping the evolution to bright and dark sub-systems.
This reduction of the complexity allowed us to derive separate trapping conditions for the sub-systems, in our example only for the bright Hamiltonian of
Eq.~\eqref{HuShr} since the dark states remain uncoupled. The assumption of degeneracy holds well as long as the ionisation strength is large enough compared to the energy shifts between the bound states.
Furthermore, we showed that the Fano profiles strongly depend on the initialisation of the system.
Initially populated bright state reproduces a standard ionisation profile, while initialisation in one of the ground states in the original basis sets an upper bound of the
ionisation of $\frac12$ because half of the population is trapped in the dark state.
The latter feature of the system can be an indicator of the number of states involved in the interaction and thus probes the structure of the system.
Another important application of the multistate LICS can be the generation of coherent  superpositions of Rydberg ions.
Naturally the Rydberg states are lying close to the continuum and can serve as the excited states in our model.
Thus a sample of Rydberg atoms initially prepared in a coherent superposition of ground states can be mapped through the continuum to an excited state.

\acknowledgments
KNZ acknowledges support from the project MSPLICS - P. Beron Grant from The Bulgarian National Science Fund (BNSF).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Systems in sigma algebra Which of these quantity systems corresponds to sigma algebra?
Given is the set $\Omega =\left \{ 3,4,5 \right \}$
How do I determine which of the given quantity systems corresponds to an event algebra?
$ \left \{\left \{ \right \},\left \{ 3 \right \},\left \{ 4 \right \},\left \{ 5\right \},\left \{ 3,4\right \},\left \{ 3,5\right \},\left \{ 4,5 \right \},\left \{ 3,4,5\right \}\right \}$
$\left \{\left \{ \right \},\left \{ 3 \right \}\right \}$
$ \left \{\left \{ \right \},\left \{ 3 \right \},\left \{ 4,5 \right \},\left \{ 3,4,5\right \}\right \}$
$\left \{\left \{ \right \},\left \{ 3 \right \},\left \{ 4 \right \},\left \{ 5\right \},\left \{ 3,4\right \},\left \{ 3,5\right \},\left \{ 4,5 \right \},\left \{ 3,4,5\right \}\right \}$
I think that $\left \{\left \{ \right \},\left \{ 3 \right \},\left \{ 4 \right \},\left \{ 5\right \},\left \{ 3,4\right \},\left \{ 3,5\right \},\left \{ 4,5 \right \},\left \{ 3,4,5\right \}\right \}$ corresponds to an event algebra.
Is that only correct answer or?
I believe it's possible, in general, to have other sigma algebras though it has to:
Have the empty set
Have compliments
Have intersections
Have unions
But still I'm not sure in my answer.

A: My professor gave us this definition of $\sigma$-algebra:
$\Sigma\subset 2^X$ is a $\sigma$-algebra if:

*

*$E \in \Sigma \Rightarrow E^C \in \Sigma$

*$\{E_j\}$ is a numerable family of elements of $\Sigma \Rightarrow \cup_j E_j \in \Sigma$

Using this definition, also $ \left \{\left \{ \right \},\left \{ 3 \right \},\left \{ 4,5 \right \},\left \{ 3,4,5\right \}\right \}$ is a $\sigma$-algebra, together with the one you said.
Then, if $\Sigma$ is a $\sigma$-algebra, you have these two results:

*

*$\emptyset, X \in \Sigma$

*$\{E_j\}$ is a numerable family of elements of $\Sigma \Rightarrow \cap_j E_j \in \Sigma$

P.S.: Your first and last sets are the same.


I think the summer of 2014 was officially the Summer of Love. I attended three weddings, and they were all beautiful. And along with the weddings, also comes wedding presents, of course. This time the bride asked for a small contribtion to their upcoming renovation of the kitchen, something nice for the interior decoration of the house OR anything homemade. After some thinking, I came up with an idea that combined all three of those wishes.
This is a set of handmade textiles for the kitchen. Two kitchen towels, one double sided pot holder and one crochet table mat.
The white fabric is 100% linen. The details and the initials are embroidered by hand. And inside of the pot holder is two layers of flanell and four layers of white cotton fabric to give it enough isolation.
Last spring I had a course in screen printing at the university, and designed some figures for that. This drop was one of them, and the only one that I actually didn't use during the course itself. But I had all kinds of plans for how to use it in the future. And here I've used a few examples.
Thanks! :) I hope the bride and groom likes it too!


All news and comments on the Flanker welcomed here.
Hey ... and that's a nice picture to start with !!
A J-11 is taking off or landing at an airport at Shengyang.
It looks like it maybe the same J-11B or one belonging to the same batch as Deino's picture. The pattern on the primer has been different from previous J-11s and J-11B prototypes. This maybe a definitive version. If they are testing and verifying in Shenyang now rather than in the CFTC, then this is strong indication of more progress on the plane, probably in serial production and in an initial deployment stage.
Do note that Deino's J-11B picture has the mysterious pod-array-missile that has been seen on a J-8F testbed.
I am quite sure about the location of the second pic. The chinese characters on the building is 'Shengyang Public Tumor hospital'.
Practicing landing on an AC?
Where's the nose gear in that picture?
he think so because the sit say so. I have no idea.
Just wondering... what is the credibility of that website? I was readng the section on the KJ-2000 and it makes some claims about how advanced it is as compared to other established AWACS platforms.


text:
Tag Archives: State Road 135
History, Preservation, Road Trips
The story of Story, Indiana
1 December 2017 Jim Greyhighways, Indiana, Pentax K10D, roads, State Road 135 21 Comments
There's a surprising amount to tell about Story, a tiny village in the hilliest country Indiana has to offer. It's in Brown County, about thirteen miles southeast of Nashville along the meandering State Road 135. The old Elkinsville Road continues straight where SR 135 curves sharply; that's where you'll find Story.
Story is named for its founder, George Story, a physician from Ohio, who settled here in 1851 after President Millard Fillmore granted him 173 acres. He built his house (below) in about 1858. By the 1870s, Story's medical practice, a school, and a mill had been built here, and farms surrounded this burgeoning village. Locals came to call it Storyville.
Dr. Arnold Griffitt came in 1882 to continue Story's medical practice, at which time the village was incorporated as Story. During Griffitt's time the first general store was built here, and a post office was located inside it. From there Story grew to include a second general store, a church, a one-room school, a grain mill, a sawmill, a slaughterhouse, and a blacksmith. Through the 1920s, Story was the most prominent settlement in this part of Brown County.
Farming had always been difficult here thanks to rocky ground, and after the Great Depression began it became largely impossible to make a living on this land. Families began abandoning their farms to find other work. Meanwhile, the State of Indiana began to buy the 16,000 acres surrounding Story that would create Brown County State Park. This outmigration caused Brown County to lose half its population by 1940.
Story tried to soldier on. The general store in particular kept operating, its 1930s-era gasoline pumps with their distinctive Standard Oil glass crowns continuing to dispense fuel. The store limped along until about 1960 when the Army Corps of Engineers built Lake Monroe southeast of Bloomington as a flood-control project. That project cut off Elkinsville Road, the direct route to Bloomington, and through traffic dried up. The store managed somehow to hang on through the mid 1970s before finally giving up.
A man named Benjamin and his wife Cynthia bought most of the town in 1978, making their residence on the store's second floor and transforming the first floor into a restaurant. About 15 years later, Rick Hofstetter bought the whole town and added lodging to the restaurant, using the store's second floor and most of Story's remaining buildings.
Hofstetter still owns Story and keeps it rustic. Even when the inn is full, it is said that horses outnumber people in Story. They surely appeared to on the day we visited.
Today Story is a popular place to stop off Brown County's beaten path, especially in the autumn. Motorcycle riders seem especially to enjoy Story, as it's a great place to stop while enjoying SR 135's curves and hills.
Pentax K10D, 28-80mm f/3.5-4.7 SMC Pentax-FA
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The Story Inn
Nikon N60, AF Nikkor 28-80mm f/3.3-5.6
You'll find this old country General Store, today operating as an inn and restaurant, in the middle of nowhere in Brown County, Indiana.
This dot on the map was an important little village until the Great Depression did it in. But I'm getting ahead of myself — come back tomorrow to read the story of Story, which is what this village is called.
I made this photograph on my first visit to Story a few years ago.
Photography, Road Trips
single frame: The Story Inn
30 November 2017 Jim Greybuildings, Fujifilm Fujicolor 200, highways, Indiana, Nikon N60, roads, State Road 135 10 Comments Image
Preservation, Road Trips
The Bean Blossom Covered Bridge
29 November 2017 Jim Greybridges, covered bridges, highways, Indiana, Pentax K10D, roads, State Road 135 11 Comments
One of Indiana's best-known covered bridges isn't actually in our famous covered-bridge region (Parke and Putnam Counties). Rather, it's in a deep valley in scenic Brown County, near the tiny town of Bean Blossom.
And it's the oldest covered bridge in the state, built by Joseph Balsey in 1880. While so many of Indiana's covered bridges use the distinctive curved Burr arch truss, this one is built as a Howe truss.
This bridge used to be on the main road from Bean Blossom to Nashville, at least until State Road 135 came along and bypassed it.
Imagery and map data © 2017 Google.
SR 135 has an interesting history here, so allow me this sidebar to tell it. When it was added to the state highway system in 1930, as SR 35, it had two segments. The first led from Indianapolis to Morgantown a few miles north of Bean Blossom. The second picked up in Brownstown, about 35 miles southeast of Nashville, and led to Mauckport on the Ohio River. That left out all of Brown County plus a little of two other counties.
By 1931, 35 was extended through Bean Blossom. You could keep driving straight and cross this covered bridge to reach Nashville, but it wasn't state highway. Instead, 35 was routed west a few miles down what is now SR 45 to Helmsburg and then along the Helmsburg Road to Nashville, where it became Main Street. This persisted through 1934, when the modern alignment was built as a brand new road between Bean Blossom and Nashville. By 1936, US 35 had been extended into Indiana, leading SR 35 to be renumbered SR 135.
And so at no time was this bridge part of the state highway system. I don't blame the state for not routing 135 over this bridge — the road leading away from it to the south is quite steep. The new road was built up high enough to solve that problem, as the photograph I shared yesterday shows.
On the day we visited this bridge, as we left heading south we found the gravel to be mostly washed away and the dirt surface to be washboarded. My front tires had trouble keeping traction as I coaxed it up the hill.
But I experienced that trouble only after we had lingered here for a while. This scene is probably much the same as it was going on 140 years ago when Balsey was building this bridge. It was lovely to soak in a little Indiana as it was.
Misty morning in Bean Blossom
Kodak EasyShare Z730 Zoom
One chilly April morning my sons and I headed south on State Road 135 all the way to Corydon, Indiana's first capital, to see the first statehouse and the elm tree under which delegates drafted our state's constitution.
On the way we passed through tiny Bean Blossom, perhaps best known for the annual festival bluegrass pioneer Bill Monroe started there. But this day, our favorite attraction was the mist that hung over this deep valley. I paused for a quick photograph, and then we drove into the valley and under the mist.
Tomorrow I'll show you an 1880 bridge on an old alignment of this road.
single frame: Misty morning in Bean Blossom
28 November 2017 Jim Greybridges, highways, Kodak EasyShare Z730, morning, roads, State Road 135 Leave a comment Image
We began our Spring Break adventure heading south toward the Ohio River. We aimed to see historic sites all over Indiana, beginning with the state's first capital in Corydon. Fog slowed that April morning's going, at least until we reached Bean Blossom and this hollow, into which the mist had not settled. Astonished by the scene, I stopped for this photo, but I couldn't make my camera fully capture the mist's tendrils snaking through the trees and hanging over the road as if cantilevered.
Not long ago as we looked through photos of past Spring Break trips, my sons remembered this scene. They also remembered throwing rocks into the Ohio River. But the time we spent at historic sites had passed from their memory. It was a long time ago; they were ten and almost eight. When we take our Spring Break trip this year, visiting New York City, they will be 18 and almost 16. It will be our last Spring Break trip together, as my older son is off to college in the fall. I wonder what they will remember from this trip as many years from now.
Captured: Misty morning, Bean Blossom
16 January 2015 Jim Greyfog, highways, Indiana, Kodak EasyShare Z730, morning, roads, State Road 135 1 Comment Image
Film Photography, Road Trips
Captured: Red house
19 August 2013 Jim Grey35mm, expired film, Indiana, Kodak Gold 200, Nikon N60, State Road 135, State Road 45 6 Comments
My recent State Road 45 excursion started in the little town of Beanblossom (or Bean Blossom, if you prefer). If you like bluegrass music, you probably recognize it as the home of the Bill Monroe Music Park. There's not much more to Beanblossom. But this great little red building stands on the northwest corner of Beanblossom's main drag, State Road 135, where it intersects with State Road 45.
I recently added a Nikon N60 to my camera collection and it was along for the ride. As a modern auto-everything film SLR, it's not the kind of thing I normally buy. But I couldn't resist the good deal I was offered, and it made for easy shooting on this this perfectly sunny day. A couple rolls of expired Kodak Gold 200 film came with the camera, so I plopped one in and off I went. Rather than shooting the probably lousy Quantaray zoom lens that came with the camera, I attached the AF Nikkor 28-80mm lens from my similar Nikon N65.


text:
Queen fatigue
ANAGRAMER
20.03.2018 07:21 I'm amazed that the summer tour isn't sold out
Last years tour sold out in days
Queen fatigue in uk?
20.03.2018 10:05 No one should be surprised.
There are only so many people that will be bothered to fork out upwards of £80 to watch a highly polished turd bounce about the stage singing karaoke backed by a bloke more interested in taking pictures on his mobile than doing anything creative on guitar.
Mr Mercury
dudeofqueen wrote: No one should be surprised. There are only so many people that will be bothered to fork out upwards of £80 to watch a highly polished turd bounce about the stage singing karaoke backed by a bloke more interested in taking pictures on his mobile than doing anything creative on guitar.
And that is why I am not interested in this travesty of a version of Queen any more. Brian is more interested in touring with karaoke singers (Lambert and Kerry Ellis) these days and is not bothered writing new stuff. At least Roger is coming up with something new music wise.
Arnaldo "Ogre-" Silveira
20.03.2018 11:04 If only I could spare the time to travel, I would certainly see as many of those gigs as possible.
I don't know about the UK, but the market for Queen+ is huge in Brazil. This weekend a standard Queen cover band sold out Brasília's biggest arena lower level. They did not sell the upper level, but they would have succeeded.
C'mon guys, enjoy it while you can...
Ogre-
RS_Protos
20.03.2018 14:01 It has become a joke, all on BM and RT, they are just trying to cash in as much as they can and as long as they can, that's all. It's not about carrying on the music, that's a bunch of bull.
RS_Protos wrote: It's not about carrying on the music, that's a bunch of bull.
Obviously they're making money, but the entire purpose of what they're doing is to ensure the next generation knows who Queen are.
They don't need the money. They've had their own publishing since 1978 - they are richer than 99.999% of musicians who have ever lived. Even most Queen fans don't know this, but it is literally the most important fact about the band.
rockchic65
20.03.2018 18:49 I personally don't believe it's for the money at all, but even if it is, I really don't care. The show is a fun night out with some of the best music ever written played brilliantly, what's to complain about. It's no gonna last forever, enjoy it while you have the chance.
kosimodo
20.03.2018 19:39 It is not cheap..
I am going anyway.. In november i enjoy the concert very much. Closest i can come to see my fav music. Brian should play a medley of his riffs though.. I ilke his noice.. But is slows the show.
20.03.2018 22:04 "It is not cheap..
I am going anyway.. "
Hence the machine keeps turning.....
Obviously they're making money, but the entire purpose of what they're doing is to ensure the next generation knows who Queen are. They don't need the money. They've had their own publishing since 1978 - they are richer than 99.999% of musicians who have ever lived. Even most Queen fans don't know this, but it is literally the most important fact about the band.
Absolutely, if they were touring just to make money they'd tour with a show that was at the very least half the size of the current production.
Transport, crewing, and equipment all add up. In the last five years Lionel Richie, Elton John and Bad Co have toured with 30 crew and between five and seven trucks. Queen have 22 trucks on the current tour and over 70 crew. . .if you really think they're just "in it for the money" you do the sums.
21.03.2018 10:16 Some people just get bored of the same thing over and over. Can't blame them.
21.03.2018 10:40 I have Queen fatigue since the Rainbow box set.
21.03.2018 10:52 I am still very hungry for almost everything Queen related and I like that a lot, as it makes me happier than otherwise. Maybe it's a gift from God? (pun intended)
21.03.2018 13:08 QUEEN: FATIGUE
Was trying to figure out what this would be about. Maybe
...another tired compilation.
...the name of their final Tour (whenever that happens)
A tour program from the last one
a commentary on their stage performance...
Wouldn't have thought it was the effect of all of the above
21.03.2018 13:21 "Obviously they're making money, but the entire purpose of what they're doing is to ensure the next generation knows who Queen are"
Yes, so they can make more money from the next generation :)
They promoted the news of the world album(stage etc.....) and yet they stopped playing the "deep cut" songs right away......reason given=don't feel like it or something
like that was there answer, this to me points it's not about the music...........
21.03.2018 21:48 ^ expensive houses, cars, wives, girlfriends, hookers...errm....escorts, lifestyles.
To be fair. Maybe they just wanted to "get out of the house" and do "all that crap again"
i agree it's legacy-related but i chalk up the other 50% to the fact that Brian and Roger love performing live and want to do so as long as they can. I saw them - they weren't *just* up there playing the hits - you actually felt like they were reliving their past and enjoying the energy from the audience.
Now, if people stop going - I would imagine they'd stop playing. You won't see them in clubs.
22.03.2018 09:24 ^^^^^ Agreed, they look like they're having a blast and really enjoying the response they're getting.
22.03.2018 09:26 Jimmy Dean, re:
>i agree it's legacy-related but i chalk up the other 50% to the fact that Brian and Roger love performing live and want to do so as long as they can.
I don't believe that for a second. Given the wives, children and associated hanger's on there are in the QPL organisation, there's an 'obligation' on Brian and Roger to perform.
22.03.2018 09:56 They're worth over $170 million each, I really don't think they need that much extra money to have to do long arena tours unless they're loving it. I know a few musicians and the one thing they all have in common is a need to be onstage, they get off on the buzz, the adrenaline, the energy exchange with the audience. It's not like a normal job where you just do it to earn money it's a passion and most of them don't stop until they literally drop. Why is it so hard to believe they are actually loving being back out there.
I heard an interview with Peter Freestone from 2015 and he said pretty much the same thing, they need to be performing and in his words he's never seen them so happy.


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Send Flowers for Sandra
Sandra Sue (Hester) Davis
Sandra Sue Davis, 69, of Sheffield, AL died on Sunday, December 27, 2020. Affectionally known by her family as "Sue". Visitation will be Wednesday, December 30, 2020 from 10-10:45 a.m. at Colbert Memorial Chapel with a graveside service to follow at 11 a.m. in Colbert Memorial Gardens. Brian Holden will be officiating. She was a proud graduate of Deshler High School attendee and supporter. She lived her life cherishing close relationships with her sisters who all live in the state. Rosie Holden (Elmer) of Tuscumbia, AL, Shelia Bendall (Gene) of Russellville, AL, and Cathy Fuller (Kenneth) of Mobile, and the late, Janet Marie Hairrell (JB) of Tuscumbia, AL. Sue was a very proud wife, mother, grandmother, and homemaker.
Interwoven in her years of church service at Christ Chapel in Florence was her passion for knowing God on a deeper level through intense, intercessory and heart felt prayer. There is a list of those who were strengthened because she prayed for them and she used the gifts God gave her in creative and consistent ways to make a difference in the lives of all who knew her. She was a Christian with a heart for the mission field having helped fund and support many trips to Honduras and other parts of the world. Sue had a tremendous love for music and spent many hours at the piano. She will be remembered as a great woman.
Sandra Sue was preceded in death by her husband, Elton Ronald Davis; her parents, Hildred Hester and Mary Hester McDougal; sister, Janet Marie Hairrell.
She had two sons, Gregory Monroe Davis of Muscle Shoals, AL and Carlos (Angie) Davis of Tuscumbia, AL; and one beloved grandson, Andrew Davis.
Family will serve as pallbearers.
To send flowers to the family or plant a tree in memory of Sandra Sue (Hester) Davis, please visit our floral store.
700 Hwy 43 South
Tuscumbia, AL 35674
Colbert Memorial Gardens, Alabama, Tuscumbia


I've only had time to play with one picture from today's year portrait fun with Chloe. Here is the first picture...I think we have some better ones...you know, without the cars in the background. grrrr.
An old filling station in Round Rock and a super cute baby!
Chloe looks cute in this picture. She doesn't look like a baby.She knows she is special and loves the attention she is getting. Hope the other pictures get here soon. The green dress is pretty on her.
If the other pictures are better, they must be amazing, cause this one is precious! She's getting so big!


Marissa Meyer has the market cornered when it comes to reinventing pre-existing lores and tales. Her Lunar Chronicles series trailblazed the way for half a decade's worth of YA fairy tale retelling, its presence is ubiquitous on any retelling list you dig up on the Internet. With Heartless, Meyer cements her status as an ingenious storyteller, breathing new life into iconic characters we thought we knew.
First up, I have to come clear – many I often find that retelling of Alice in Wonderland failed to resonate with me. It's so difficult to capture the charm of Lewis Caroll's original work while putting a new spin on a well-loved tale. Fortunately, the writing in Heartless absolutely shined. I could feel the joy and delight the author must have felt with every sentence. Meyer's proses were especially bold and exuberant in Heartless, especially when compared to her previous works – subtly adapting to the idiosyncrasies of Wonderland. I especially loved Meyer's take on riddles and word plays in this book, which was an excellent homage to the original materials.
Aside from her ability to capture the spirit of Wonderland, the writing in Heartless is a cut above anything Marissa Meyer has written in the past. Admittedly, I have only read the first two novels of The Lunar Chronicles, but I could see a marked progression in the author's craft. I was especially taken in by her descriptions of Wonderland and the expansions she made to the pre-existing world. The depictions were arresting and vivid, I could smell every single tart, and see every details of each dress described.
Speaking of tarts, I have to warn you to stock your pantry up with all the pastries you can get your hands on before reading this novel. Catherine, our Queen of Hearts in training, is a talented baker – and her creations will make you drool. I made the mistake of beginning this novel on an empty stomach, and I still sorely regret it. The first few chapters were a veritable treat for the senses. Not only could I experience the beauty of Catherine's creations, I felt the joy and pride she held in each pastry. It's not often that we meet a heroine so ambitious and driven by her craft, so this aspect of the novel was an absolute delight.
Where Heartless faltered for me was in the chemistry between its characters, primarily between the two leads: Catherine and Jest. Their romance was understandable, as well as crucial, to the storyline and Catherine's development. However, despite the page time these two had together, I could never get on board with their connection. I also felt that Catherine's journey towards darkness was uneven in pacing – with a lot of the development taking place very rapidly towards the end of the novel. As the reader comes into this book well aware of its ending and Catherine's eventual fate – I felt that more time should have been dedicated to this transformation.
Overall, this was a solid retelling of Alice in Wonderland – although I had some reservations regarding its characters. I would still recommend it to all, especially those who can't get enough of the fairy tale retelling fever.
Interested to hear the thoughts of other Australian bloggers on Heartless? Check out the rest of the Australian Heartless Blog Tour.
Absolutely excited about this book! 🙂 The graphic you've made is so beautiful ❤ :)Pastries! 😀 Going over to check out the previous blog tour spots!
This book is all over Twitter and I'm really curious about it! I hope I can read it soon!
Oh gosh, I looove tarts so lots of baking will definitely make me hungry XD I will have to stock up on tarts prior to reading ^_^ Lovely review! So glad you enjoyed this book!
I'm honestly not the biggest fan of Alice in Wonderland but I do want to read this one because its Marissa Meyer and the Lunar Chronicles is FAAAABULOUS. Great review!
I agree it's not an easy task to capture the charm of Lewis Caroll's world. It's wonderful that Marissa Meyer managed to do so. Sorry to hear you found the romance lacking the chemistry. You are not the first reviewer to mention this. I'm afraid it would be a big issue for me as a romance reader. I still haven't read Marissa Meyer's Lunar Chronicles series. It looks that I probably should start with it rather than with her latest release.
PS. You should never read books dealing with food on an empty stomach. Lol.
Heartless is one the best books I read recently! I am already in love with Ms Meyer's Lunar Chronicles and I just had to give this book a try ASAP and I so was not disappointed. Loved your review!
I loved loved loved Heartless and the recipes just got me drooling. But loved the story just the same. Awesome review!
I agree with much of what you said, especially the bit about her journey to darkness being too rapid. That was the main thing that bothered me, too. I wish it had gotten more page time. *le sigh* It still made a strong impression on me, though!


text:
Facebook banned my perfectly harmless article - and I think I know why
This was published 10 months ago
February 28, 2021 — 11.45pm
You start by excluding fascists, anti-vaxxers and conspiracists. You end by banning pretty much anyone you disagree with.
In recent months, Facebook has taken to labelling as fake, or removing altogether, a number of stunningly inoffensive pieces: a study by the American researcher Dr Indur Goklany claiming (quite correctly) that the number of people dying globally as a result of natural disasters was falling; a column by the investigative journalist Ian Birrell questioning whether the WHO had been too hasty in ruling out the possibility of a Wuhan leak; a report by the leading Oxford epidemiologist, Dr Carl Heneghan, of a Danish study arguing that face-masks made little difference to the spread of COVID-19.
And, now, an article of mine.
Prodded by advertisers and regulators, Facebook has been spending more on moderation since the 2016 US election. Credit:
Last week, I wrote a piece for the John Locke Institute, a high-minded organisation that runs summer schools and seminars, mainly for sixth-formers, offering in-depth tuition in the humanities subjects. I advanced the view that the epidemic had made us more collectivist, and that the post-lockdown world would be relatively authoritarian. The JLI bought advertising on Facebook to promote the piece. Facebook first authorised the advertisements, then pulled them without explanation.
In my case, as in all the others, it is impossible to know what the offence was. None of the pieces was making tendentious claims, let alone promoting conspiracy theories. Since Facebook offers neither explanations nor an open appeals process, we can only guess.
Are algorithms set in such a way as to screen out Right-of-centre opinions? Are they overseen by people with an explicit agenda? Is Facebook responding to pile-ons by woke activists? Is the real objection not so much to the content as to the authors?
I suspect the last. A few weeks ago, Think Scotland, a Unionist website, tried to advertise two articles critical of Nicola Sturgeon. Facebook said no on the bizarre grounds that they violated its "Vaccine Discourager" guidelines. The editor, Brian Monteith, suspecting that Facebook was being pressurised by cybernats, experimentally tried to advertise a wholly unpolitical article about a young mother potty-training her daughter. It, too, was rejected. Eventually, after a campaign mounted by Toby Young's Free Speech Union, Facebook backed down.
For what it's worth, I take the view that Facebook, as a private company, can run whatever adverts it likes. But let's be absolutely clear that it is now a publisher - a publisher with an agenda. Any notion that Facebook (or Twitter, or YouTube) is simply a platform has gone. It is one more opinionated channel, alongside Fox News, Russia Today, the BBC and the Morning Star.
What is most interesting is not the fact that Facebook has its biases - we all have biases - but what those biases are. Bizarrely for a company that was originally meant to facilitate the free flow of ideas, it has become intolerant of dissent - or, at least, of certain forms of dissent. You generally won't get into trouble for denying Stalin's crimes, boycotting Israel or celebrating Margaret Thatcher's death. But question whether there is excessive use of state power in enforcing lockdowns or reducing carbon emissions and you may be excluded.
Indeed, we seem to be reaching the point where simply to call for free speech is becoming dangerous. To the extent that the JLI can be said to have a collective view on anything, it believes in heterodoxy. Its founder, a former Oxford academic called Martin Cox, ensures that his summer schools and seminars hear a range of views from top lecturers, and encourages his students to engage with ideas that might initially repel them. That is, if you think about it, the essence of liberalism.
The article of mine which JLI ran, the one Facebook found intolerable, was not about COVID-19 or public health. It was about the fragility of an open society, the way a shared threat can throw people back on their tribal instincts, and the consequent likelihood that powers seized by governments on a supposedly contingent basis in 2020 won't be relinquished when the epidemic passes.
Any organisation that sees such opinions as unacceptable is - there is no other way to put this - hostile to liberty.
The Sunday Telegraph, London
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Daniel Hannan is a columnist for the Daily Telegraph, London.
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Home Paranormal News 'The Banishing' Brings Infamous Haunting to Life with Ambitious Psychological Horror...
[Review] 'The Banishing' Brings Infamous Haunting to Life with Ambitious Psychological Horror – Bloody Disgusting
Director Christopher Smith's genre output runs the gamut in style and tone, demonstrating a filmmaker consistently looking to explore various horror angles. From a brutal underground chiller in Creep to the mind-bending slasher at sea, Triangle, to Black Death's introspective Middle-Aged epic, Smith gives unique spins on familiar subgenres. That continues with his latest, The Banishing, a period ghost story that brings one of England's most notoriously haunted houses to life on screen. True to form, Smith approaches this Gothic haunted house tale with an emphasis on psychological horror in a slow-burn character study.
After an opening that highlights a defaced bible and a grisly murder/suicide, the late '30s set haunter introduces Marianne (Jessica Brown Findlay) and her young daughter Adelaide (Anya McKenna-Bruce). They're traveling to a rural estate to meet Marianne's husband Linus (John Heffernan). Linus has been assigned to serve as the new priest for this parish, and the sprawling countryside estate- built on the ruins of an abbey- will be his family's new home. The same house in which the opening's murder took place, and it's far from the only dark secret dwelling within the labyrinthine walls. Nearly straight away, Adelaide develops a new imaginary friend, and Marianne suffers increasingly bizarre visions. As the eerie occurrences ramp up with an alarming frequency, Marianne seeks help from oddball spiritualist Harry Price (Sean Harris), an enemy of the Church.
The Gothic estate at the center of The Banishing is based on the infamous Borley Rectory, a haunting made famous thanks to the investigation by true-life psychic researcher Harry Price. Yet screenwriters David Beton, Ray Bogdanovich, and Dean Lines are more interested in exploring the house's new inhabitants rather than its sordid history. In Gothic story fashion, Marianne presents a standard damsel in distress as her husband and his intimidating boss Malachi (John Lynch) discount her claims that something is supernaturally amiss about the place. It pushes her toward the eccentric Harry Price, played to scene-chewing, flamboyant perfection by Harris. The narrative explores Marianne's precarious relationship with Linus, especially as the Church threatens to pull him further away from her as it entrenches him within a larger conspiracy and the strain in the parental bond with adoptive daughter Adelaide as the house tempts her away.
Much of these plot threads ultimately wind up underdeveloped. The narrative gets bogged down under the weight of its ambition. With World War II just getting started, the screenwriters want to tie the central theme of religious repression to the rise of fascism. While much of Marianne's conflict with Linus stems from his duties to an oppressive Church, its connection to a fascist Europe isn't explored in an organic and meaningful way. Nor does it bother to flesh out Adelaide and how her adoption factors into the family dynamics, outside of a simplified explanation of how she fell under the houses' sway so quickly.
The Banishing is at its strongest when it focuses on the unique paranormal elements. Psychological time loops, an eerie mirror, and nightmarish hallucinations are all bolstered by stunning cinematography and off-kilter camerawork to convey a claustrophobic and evil presence closing in on Marianne. Findlay makes for an effective lead as a woman struggling against societal pressures as well as the paranormal. There are genuine scares dispersed throughout, but the horror gets lost a bit in an overly crowded story that takes on far too much for its short runtime. Still, Harris's charismatic portrayal of a historical figure and some fresh ideas makes this haunted house story worth exploring.
The Banishing releases on Shudder on April 15, 2021.
demonstrating
gamut
Smith's
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Additionally, the FCA have been investigating into the high-cost credit sector in general, in addition to options that could be an alternative to high-cost loans. Due to large numbers of complaints from charities over people being left with outstanding debts, they have already introduced a cap on payday loans to 0.8%.
This was introduced in January 2015 and has significantly increased competition in the industry, with some of the largest companies exiting and new, alternative products entering the market. This includes companies offering flexible overdrafts, guarantor options and flexible instalments like those from Cashfloat, QuickQuid and The One Stop Money Shop.
The executive director of strategy and competition for the FCA, Christopher Woolard, has said that the actions they are taking build on their wide work on high-cost credit and also, will be able to save some of the customers in the UK who are very vulnerable millions of pounds. He also said that the price cap has been implemented so that they are able to target some of the highest prices in the whole of the rent-to-own market.
Christopher Woolard has stated to the Press Association that a cooker could end up costing a consumer around £1,700 from a rent-to-own provider, even though it would normally be retailed at between £480-£500. With the addition of the price cap that is being brought in, customers would see their costs fall by around £700.
Woolard has also claimed that they are working to try to expand the options for people outside of the rent-to-own sector. An example of this is that some retailers and credit unions are trying to offer reasonable rates of interest on white goods. As well as this, there have been discussions taking place surrounding upcycling and recycling schemes for housing associations. The Financial Conduct Authority will review their price cap in 2020 and will aim to keep an eye on the compliance of firms with these new rules. The FCA would be willing to intervene and add new rules again should it be needed.
They have stated that the some of the most financially challenged people in society are rent-to-own customers. Most of these people are on low incomes of between £12,000 and £18,000, they are likely to have missed a bill payment in the last 6 months as well as the fact that around only 1/3 of all of them are in work. Despite these figures, the firms often charge these people more than other retailers for goods that are essentials such as washing machines.


text:
Holiday Destinations: Festive Day Trips Around the State
For anyone looking for a place to infuse their spirit with Christmas cheer, look no further than the Lone Star State. It may be a way off from the North Pole, but just like everything else, when it comes to Christmas spirit, everything is bigger (and better) in Texas. Of course, Texas is not exactly […]
The George™ Hotel Brings Boutique Luxury to College Station
Officially open since August of 2017, College Station welcomes The George™, a new luxury boutique hotel conveniently located near the Northside campus of Texas A&M. Aggies are likely cheering to have an alternative to the big box hotels, something that more accurately epitomizes their culture and interests.
Art & Culture, Travel
Home in San Antone at Jazz, TX
There is nothing else quite like Jazz, TX in San Antonio, a classy, modern speakeasy-style jazz club located in the cellar of the Bottling House (now a food hall) at the historic Pearl Brewery. You might think a jazz club of this caliber is only for those who remember those bygone days of the crooners and big bands, but it is not.
Electric Bikes Find a Welcome Home in Dallas's Deep Ellum
Pedego Electric Bikes gained a special place in the Snyder's hearts, but BK started to think there could be more than just enjoying the bikes on vacations. She wanted to launch her own electric bike store. Brad and BK immediately started brainstorming the perfect place they could move and fulfill this new dream of bringing their favorite kind of fun into a community.
Galveston Dolphin Tours
Galveston Island is a 200-square-mile stretch of land with some of the best beaches and water activities in the state. When it comes to the Lone Star State, the 32 miles of beaches in and around Galveston beckon tourists and locals alike.
Welcome to a Wintry Wonderland in Texas
Although most of the country is envious of our warm winter temperatures this time of year, in our heart of hearts, Texans may feel just a touch slighted, particularly during the holidays when songs are singing of winter wonderlands and white Christmases.
The Stella: A Shining Star of Southern Hospitality
Anchored in the rolling meadows of Central Texas, a bright and shining star of hospitality has emerged in the Bryan/College Station area. Built in a town rich in tradition, The Stella beams as an establishment that evokes the comforting memories of true southern hospitality while simultaneously encouraging the reality of modern, progressive nature.
The Holidays at Moody Gardens
Known at least in part for its picturesque location on Galveston Island, Moody Gardens and the Moody Gardens Hotel often come to mind as spring and summer destinations. Every year, approximately two million individuals, couples, and families travel from across Texas and states beyond to enjoy the 242 acres of beautiful scenery and educational attractions, many of which seem best suited to warm weather fun. But this tropical paradise also offers a host of special events and activities specifically designed with wintertime in mind.
The Art of the Quilt at the 2018 International Quilt Festival
When you think of quilts, you may still recall idyllic memories of your grandmother, or even great grandmother, quilting in her rocking chair on the porch. However, the International Quilt Festival in Houston is proof that quilting is not just a thing of the past.
The Sights and Sounds of Christmas
When pumpkin-shaped decorations have been packed away, and Thanksgiving leftovers have been devoured, the hills, or rather City Park and downtown San Marcos, come alive with the Sights & Sounds of Christmas.
September Celebrations Across Texas
As summer fades and family schedules become busier, Texas plays host to fun and unique celebrations of autumn across the state. Why not take some time to plan a day trip that the whole family will enjoy? Relaxation and seasonal fun are right around the corner!
Hempstead 2018 Watermelon Festival: A Sweet Summertime Celebration
Looking for a way to beat the heat while still having fun with family and friends? The Hempstead Watermelon Festival is just what the doctor ordered! This July will mark the 29th annual Hempstead Watermelon Festival, a sweet celebration of the town's most famous crop.


Thank you to everyone who supported the 2018 Caring For Kids Brandon Radiothon, presented by Sunrise Credit Union, on April 19, on Bell media stations 96.1 BOB FM and 101.1 The Farm. throughout the day, donations were received for the Children's Hospital of Winnipeg and the Pediatric areas of the BRHC. Stories of hope and courage were shared throughout the day by children, families, supporters, and community members. Special thanks to Carson Buhr and his family for their tireless efforts and outstanding donation.
$15,000 was raised for the Foundation for the purchase of a Vein Finder for the BRHC's Maternal/Child areas. Thank you to everyone who supported Radiothon 2018.