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A bill to study reparations for slavery had momentum in Congress, but still no vote
By Juana Summers
Karen Bleier
The chained hand of Archer Alexander, who was the last slave captured under the fugitive slave law, is depicted in a statue commemorating the Emancipation Proclamation. A bill to study reparations for slavery advanced through a House committee this year but hasn't gotten a floor vote.
Seven months ago, a House committee advanced a bill to study reparations for slavery, after more than three decades of efforts to build support for the idea.
But the bill has not been taken up for consideration by the full House of Representatives even though it has the backing of some of the country's most prominent Democrats.
"Since April there has been very little movement on the bill by the leadership in Congress," said Kamm Howard, a national co-chair of the National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America.
Advocates for reparations are frustrated despite the fact that the proposal faces steep odds of fully passing the closely divided Congress even if the House did take it up.
The bill is H.R. 40, and it gets its name from the unmet promise that former slaves would be given "40 acres and a mule" as the Civil War drew to a close. It would establish a 13-person commission to study the effects of slavery and racial discrimination in the United States, from before the country's finding to present day.
The commission would hold hearings, submit its findings to Congress and recommend "appropriate remedies." It would also consider a "national apology" for the harm caused by slavery.
The bill's original sponsor, the late Democratic Rep. John Conyers of Michigan, first proposed the bill in 1989, and did so year after year for nearly three decades, until he retired in 2017. After that, Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee of Texas began sponsoring the bill.
"I don't think anyone could argue against the fact that the trajectory of slavery has gone through the centuries, the decades and is in the DNA of descendants of enslaved Africans," Jackson Lee, a Democrat, said in an interview with NPR. "America would do well to try to bring healing and repair, in this time and in this century."
The bill finally gained political traction among Democrats as the country grappled with race and systemic racism and protests sparked by the killings of Black Americans by police flowed through the streets of U.S. cities large and small over the last two years.
Republicans oppose reparations. Democrats say even studying them has value
The bill has nearly 200 co-sponsors in the House, including members of House Democratic leadership. But it is widely opposed by Republicans and was advanced by the House Judiciary Committee in April with only Democratic votes.
Ohio Rep. Jim Jordan, the Judiciary Committee's top Republican, argued that because the committee's members would be appointed by the president, the House speaker and the Senate pro tempore, who are currently all Democrats, the commission would obviously come to a conclusion in support of reparations.
"Spend $20 million for a commission that's already decided to take money from people who were never involved in the evil of slavery and give it to people who were never subject to the evil of slavery," Jordan said during the hearing on the bill. "That's what Democrats on the Judiciary Committee are doing."
Rep. Burgess Owens of Utah, one of two Black Republicans currently serving in the House, said that the concept of reparations is "divisive."
"Reparation where you take people's money that they've earned — it's punishment, it's theft, it's judgement," he said in the hearing. "It's saying that because of your skin color, you owe me. That is not the American way. We're not racist people. This American country is based on meritocracy."
Jackson Lee says arguments like this miss the point. The bill does not prescribe what form reparations should take, a question that is a point of debate among supporters of reparations for slavery.
"It is not the study of getting a check. It is not giving you a check. It is not the bill on a check," Jackson Lee said. "It is to study slavery and develop reparations proposals, which would create, first of all, the platform for understanding."
Rep. Jamaal Bowman talked about reparations frequently when he campaigned for his New York congressional seat.
"We haven't taken a moment to stop and pause and reflect and look ourselves in the mirror as a country and really be honest with ourselves about how those harms continue to persist," Bowman said.
A group of advocates has been pushing Democrats to bring the bill up for a vote, arguing that it is deeply popular.
"We are working diligently to basically get them all in a room with us and tell us directly how we can move this bill forward," said Nicole Austin-Hillery of Human Rights Watch, one of the advocates calling for a meeting with House leaders. "They have the power to do it, and we're imploring them to do so."
Some argue that House leadership has yet to bring the bill up for a vote because they fear a backlash among voters. Democrats are coming off of a series of bruising off-year elections that featured fresh Republican attacks on race and culture. In next year's midterms, Democrats will be defending incredibly slim majorities.
"The Democratic leaders are saying that they are scared if they move this legislation today, that it will hurt their chances of keeping control of the Congress," said Howard.
Advocates are urging Biden to act without Congress
A senior Democratic aide, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss the status of pending legislation, said that conversations about the legislation are ongoing, and that Democratic leadership and the White House are working together on the path forward. The aide said that equity is a central priority of the party.
Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, a co-sponsor of the bill, told reporters earlier this year that he hopes that President Biden considers establishing a commission similar to the one called for in H.R. 40 using executive authority, noting that the chances of the bill passing the Senate "are pretty dim." In the evenly divided Senate, legislation requires 60 votes to overcome a filibuster. A Senate companion bill, sponsored by Sen. Cory Booker of New Jersey, has just 22 co-sponsors, with no Republicans.
The idea of Biden establishing a commission on his own has also won the support of some activists, including the Rev. Mark Thompson.
"What sets H.R. 40 apart from all of those other pieces of legislation that 'Manchinema' are blocking, is this" he said — using a compound reference to moderate Democratic Sens. Joe Manchin of West Virginia and Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona. "H.R 40 is the only one ... that Biden can sign and enact by executive order."
The White House hasn't said whether Biden would consider creating a commission on his own.
"He supports a number of components of the bill, including the funding and the proposal for a study, which he feels would be the next important step forward and something that he feels would be absolutely correct in addressing ... these moments in history," White House press secretary Jen Psaki said in June.
Jackson Lee said she's focused on the legislative process and still hopes to get a "successful result" in the House, but said that there's a "great deal of power in the White House and in the presidency."
"I think there is certainly a sufficient body of people that would give President Biden a standing ovation if that was the direction that we needed to take," she said.
NPR Top StoriesNPR News
Juana Summers
Juana Summers is a political correspondent for NPR covering race, justice and politics. She has covered politics since 2010 for publications including Politico, CNN and The Associated Press. She got her start in public radio at KBIA in Columbia, Mo., and also previously covered Congress for NPR.
See stories by Juana Summers


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Home > news national > ARAI Academy's global conference sees experts push for industry-academia partnership ARAI Academy's global conference sees experts push...
ARAI Academy's global conference sees experts push for industry-academia partnership
by Mayank Dhingra 27 May 2021
Growing level of collaboration between India Auto Inc and academia can only power a new dynamic for industry. (Image: Franchise India)
On May 24 and 25, the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) Academy organised a two-day virtual conference on 'Automotive Research & Development' wherein Autocar Professional's executive editor, Sumantra Barooah, moderated a panel discussion.
The topic of the discussion – 'Enhancing Employability in Automotive R&D' – saw leading industry experts and veterans, including PK Banerjee, executive director, SIAM; Dr V Kovaichelvan, director, TVS Institute for Quality and Leadership; FR Singhvi, joint managing director, Sansera Engineering and governing council member, ASDC; IV Rao, visiting senior fellow, TERI and executive advisor and former R&D head, Maruti Suzuki India, and Dr James Sathya Kumar, professor, Faculty of Engineering, Christ University, be part of the panel.
The moderator started off by seeking comments from the panellists about how the alliance between academia and industry could go a long way in grooming students to becoming future professionals.
Dr Kumar from Christ University begun the conversation by saying, "We are beginning to hear very positive initiatives from the industry to bridge this gap and most institutions are also coming forward. This gap being lamented for many decades can be bridged with an outcome-based approach and students can have employability skills right out of college. Industrial interactions, MoU and tie-ups are playing a facilitating role in this regard."
"Secondly, when we look at some skills, particularly in automobile design - modelling, meshing, CAD-CAM, analyses and use of software tools, are things expected from students coming out of a bachelor's in engineering in mechanical stream. This is where the interaction between the industry and academia is most crucial and automotive industry is realising this necessity. The initiatives have to start right from the crucibles – colleges," he added.
He further cited examples of Christ University's various initiatives in this regard wherein the institute has inked several MoUs, for instance, with Bosch and MBRDI (Mercedes-Benz Research and Development India), along with a truck tear-down facility that it has at its campus in Bangalore. "These initiatives can go a long way in strengthening the industry-academia relationship," he mentioned.
IV Rao reminisced his joyous days of being a student at IIT Kanpur from where he had undertaken his Master's programme in engineering. Rao said that when he went back to colleges as an MSIL executive to recruit freshers, he made it a point to speak to the HODs to understand the various disciplines being taught in mechanical engineering. "However, it was disappointing to see that the curriculum continues to be dated. Majority of the colleges even today have not updated their curriculum," he complained.
"Furthermore, many small colleges generally see the graduating students themselves taking up teaching roles within the same institute," Rao pointed out.
"If we look in the present scenario, students have changed a lot in terms of how they are working on different software solutions as well as their humongous exposure to the Internet,but unfortunately, the teaching methodology is not up-to-date. So, all these three areas need a thorough overhaul," Rao said.
He further championed the need for a "compulsory one-semester industry internship", in order to make students gain a lot of perspective about how the industry functions. "This should be backed up by the college, deciding what the student is expected to do inside the industry. This will go a long way in improving the skill level of engineering students," Rao added.
Adding his views to this, Dr Kovaichelvan of the TVS Institute mentioned that 80 percent of human resource development happens in college, and only the remaining 20 percent when they join the workforce. "And, that 80 percent is being mishandled."
"As an OEM, we decided that it was important to partner with Polytechnics and engineering colleges. We put prospective students through a two-day assessment session for passion and then admit them into various Polytechnics that we have tie-ups with," he illustrated about TVS' initiatives in improving employability of students.
Dr Kovaichelvan added that every year, these students come to TVS to carry out internships for up to two semesters. "We have observed that their performance becomes much improved in the company compared to their when they are with their peers, studying."
"Institutions must fulfil the role of developing technical, professional and life skills, including social consciousness. More institutions should come forward to adapt this kind of a model, and TVS would be happy to share the framework," he remarked.
According to PK Banerjee, "This is the dilemma for all of us. If we see the educational institutions, students and industry, the need for improving employment in auto R&D at a time when the work environment demands inter-disciplinary expertise, is very crucial."
"When we look at new institutions, they have placed the student at the centre and they are giving optional courses and electives, depending upon the interest of the students.Now, their employability in auto R&D needs to be taken into account and the industry needs to create these roles so that students can absorb knowledge in new areas such as AI and ML,"he said.
Banerjee also touched upon a big issue that's plaguing the system, wherein students are unable to apply and opt for internships. "Most institutes are struggling to get students into internships, and that is where there needs to be some sort of policy intervention. During Covid, most of the auto industry has decided against internships. Therefore, some policy intervention is absolutely crucial."
Barooah quizzed the panel on how can the collaboration between industry and academia be improved in terms of scale and size.
According to Rao, "What is required is a continuous interaction between the industry and academia, and working on a system where slightly long-term requirements such as research projects are given to the institutes. Having said that, the undergraduate and post-graduate projects could be sponsored by the industry, which would also define that the problem in question is relevant for the industry."
Adding his thoughts, Singhvi said, "ASDC has created a level-based curriculum from level 1 to 5 for technicians in the automotive industry.We have also partnered with IIT Palakkad and in the second meeting itself, we decided that the agenda would be on lean manufacturing and seven quality steps. We sought knowledge exchange between ASDC technicians and IIT lecturers."
He further said that "Collegesare not bothered about connecting the marketability of students, and that requires a regulatory change as well as a change in the mindset. 92 percent of graduating students are unable to get jobs because they do not hold the right skills.Focus needs to be on employability of engineers by trying to develop what is required by the industry."
Dr Kumar said that synergies can happen only if there's close and meaningful interaction between academia and industry. "We have to first recognise the problems and then look for solutions. Having said that, institutions are undermined for their capabilities as a lot of interdisciplinary work can happen with the presence of both students and professors in these colleges. Increased interactions will allow the industry to assess what levels of complexity can the academia conduct in terms of research. Tremendous amount of talent is present in institutions, and synergies can happen with increased interactions."
PK Banerjee gave the last remark and added that the industry (automotive) is mindful of the disruption that is happening, and we have to address the India-specific needs of the population. Everyone has recognised that industry-academia interactions are the need of the hour so that we are able to provide skills that are more relevant to the Indian market. "The time is right that this issue of employability in auto R&D is addressed," he concluded.
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Home / essays / Consumer Behavior Essay
Consumer Behavior Essay
The Gulf Air, Ṭayarān al-Khalīj, is an airline found and operating in the Kingdom of Bahrain. It is the most successful and popular airline in the country. The headquarters of the Gulf Air Company is located in Muharraq. The choice of this location is a strategic move by the Gulf Air Company since it is situated just next to the Bahrain International Airport. This fact has made the Airport the main base for the Gulf Air and has facilitated business operations of the Corporation. As an international airline, the Gulf Air flies to more than 36 destinations worldwide including 20 countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Each of the numerous destinations has its own type of consumers offering public transportation of the first class, business class, and economy class. The company also has an option of the chartered or private air service for its consumers (Gulf Air, 2013). Gulf Air, as a business, is faced with various challenges that call for the Airline to consider in promoting its attainment of many customers, and thus its business objectives in general.
The Airline has faced a series of challenges including stiff competition from Emirates Airline and Oman Air, and a number of incidents and accidents. Abu Dhabi and Oman pulled out the Gulf Air in order to establish their own airlines due to the significant decrease in the number and quality of services provided by the Gulf Air in the United Arab Emirates. This fact presented a new challenge to the airline transport business. The initial partners went ahead separately to found a new airline that present more competition to the Gulf Air. Consequently, the consumers got diverse options to choose an air transport (Oxford Business Group, 2008).
The new players in the business also caused a challenge for employees. When the company started laying-off its workers because of saving on expenses, some workers resigned from their positions. Some workers took the chance to be employed in the new established airlines. The situation presented a lot of challenges to the company in terms of workforce. The company had to rely on signing the performance contracts with the employees rather than working backlogs. The business also faced serious financial challenges when the partners left. Moreover, the financial constraints caused by the cheap airlines limited the targeted expansion of the business. The consumers in the air sector preferred other cheap airlines, which offered the same services, but at reasonable prices. The number of accidents in the airline caused another threat to the business (Summers, 2007).
In its history, the company experienced the two major aircraft issues that resulted in negative publicity. The bombing and the pilot error accidents raised questions on the safety of the consumers while using the airline. Most consumers demanded additional reassurance on their safety while traveling, and such tragic events disturbed the confidence. The advertising sector of the airline also experienced the challenges in terms of the customer relations. The company strives to satisfy numerous consumers with different needs. The approach chosen for each customer is unique. The generalization of the customers' needs has added to the negative feedback the company faced from its operations.
Each consumer has to be treated according to his or her expectations. The rate of expansion required by the company to win the new markets all over the world is another problem the company is facing today. The global market has a demand for an increased air transportation to ease the mode of traveling from one destination to the other. The airline needs to exploit such increased global transportation in order to market its services and products successfully. However, the Gulf Air has managed to preserve its face and market share in the airline industry; it has been developing steadily and effectively for the past decades. The growth can be attributed to different management changes that the company has adopted over the recent years. The company has tried to implement campaigns and proper consumer packages to maintain the current customers and attract the new ones.
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Analysis of the Issues
The challenges facing the airline today have developed out of several calamities experienced by the company in the course of running its business. When the major managing partners in the company, Abu Dhabi and Oman, left the business, the company experienced a considerable backlash in its operations. The airline experienced both financial and business reputation challenges. The two partners caused customer hostility to the business. The financial muscles the company had before the fallout had also vanished away. The company was forced to come up with the other strategies that would revive its operations. The pulling out also meant that the consumers of the two players also disappeared. Moreover, other clients also preferred different other airlines to Gulf Air (Sambidge, 2012). The challenges caused losses to the company and major cuts of the employees. The emergence of some competing airlines presented one more challenge. The ex-partners that competed with the company invented brand-new services for luxurious consumers. Consequently, the clients in the air sector preferred the competing airlines and forced the business to come up with other customer packages to retain them (Oxford Business Group, 2008).
The presence of other companies in the business provided the new market with more air services. The consumers also were willing to test new services in the transportation system that challenged the Gulf Airline. The demand for the services provided by the company also was influenced by the past accident issues. The bombing and crushing events became their major drawbacks. Consumers prefer services, in this case air transportation, in the safety of which they are sure. The bombing exposed the airline to the security threats that caused the clients to avoid using its services. The threat became a source of the bad publicity for the company at both the local and international market. The consumers would prefer the services of a competing business company, which had zero chances of the security threat issues. In any service, consumers would always prefer an economy class that is safe to a first class that threats the life. Managerial shortfalls that allowed for the pilot errors also attributed to the challenges of the company. The recent crashes had scared away the existing and potential customers. The clients of the company have preferred other modes of transportation or services offered by other airlines. The lack of communication between the management team and the workers has led to personnel cuts of the employees with experience. Consequently, the minimal contractual workers could not serve the need of the consumers in the existing market (North & Tripp, 2008).
Consumer Buying Process and Influencing Factors
For every purchase of an air ticket from the Gulf Air Company, a customer has to pass a number of stages that will guide him/her to purchasing or refusing to purchase the air tickets.
The process begins at the problem recognition stage. At this stage, the customers understand that they require the services of the Gulf Air. A potential client may need to fly or send a cargo by air. This stage clarifies that there can be some dissimilarity between the expectations of an individual and real circumstances. However, the need to use a service is may be enough to initiate a decision.
Second stage includes the search for information. At this stage, the consumer gets to know the service price and may study the experience of other clients. External search comprises the sources other than the customers themselves including their relatives and friends. They may also use the public and marketer-dominated sources such as the consumer reports, advertisements, and official website of the company (Wirtz & Nikolai, 2003).
The third stage is the evaluation of alternatives. At this stage, the customer assesses the value of the information obtained from the search. It suggests the criterions to be used in purchasing a ticket and offers the brand names that could meet the selected criterions. The value perspective of the customer is developed on the basis of prestige, ethics, speed, safety, together with price (North & Tripp, 2008).
The fourth stage is the purchase decision, at which the customers considers their value perspective. Therefore, the customer ends up buying value. At this stage, the client considers from whom, when, and whether to purchase the ticket or not. The decision depends on the terms of sale, return policy, personal experience, weather, or time pressure issues.
Finally, there is the post-purchase stage, at which the customers compare the gained experience with their initial expectations. They consider whether they have been satisfied or not. At this stage, the companies employ their salespersons and advertisements in order to convince consumers that the decision made was the right one (North & Tripp, 2008).
In making a decision of which airline to choose, the customers are influenced by various factors. These factors include the reputation of the airline, trust, and satisfaction
The customers trust the Gulf Air. The e-trust plays the major role in influencing the customers' decisions to finish the transaction with purchasing the products online. Today, most air tickets are purchased online. The trust issues also include the confidence of the customer in that the airline will perform its obligations and will not take advantage of the privately shared information.
The price being also charged affects the customers in their decisions of purchasing an airline ticket from the company. The Gulf Air perfectly knows that, if a customer believes that a particular airline charges too much for the air ticket and that they will not get the real value of their money, they may not purchase a ticket from that particular airline. They will look for a company, the quality of which is adequate to the money spent. In order to make a decision on whether to use the same airline when they plan to travel again, the Khaliji passengers usually follow their experience of using that airline.
The reputation of the Khaliji Airline is an extremely critical factor that influences the customers in their ticket purchasing decision. Unlike other issues, reputation has fewer visible signals of credibility and major dangers in a practical environment (Wirtz & Nikolai, 2003). The reputation includes the feedback from the customer regarding the Khaliji Airline's public image and the company's dedication to customer satisfaction. The clients may think twice before purchasing an air ticket from an airline that is commonly involved in numerous plane accidents. Even if the human and mechanical causes of the accidents were objective, people would still have doubts concerning traveling with such airlines (Summers, 2007).
Satisfaction also influences the decisions of buying the ticket from Khaliji Airlines. The Airline's booking process is user-friendly. It is the degree of the customer's conviction that using the Khaliji Airline's website for booking and purchasing air ticket is easy. It would also include the belief that the use of the website of the Khaliji Airline would enhance their experience in booking tickets. An airline, the ticket buying process of which is complicated or demanding, will make a potential customer think twice about dealing with these inconveniences or not.
The quality of the information given by the website of the Khaliji Airline, including the accuracy, content, reliability, and general presentation, is very important. The clients will always prefer an airline that offers much easier and convenient process of booking (Nusair & Kandampully, 2008). The passengers who have been satisfied with the quality service may express commitment by purchasing the tickets from the Khaliji Airline or communicating their satisfactory experiences to other people (Wirtz & Nikolai, 2003).
Social networking has become a global source of information and feedback. Therefore, consumers rely on it largely before making any decision on buying the services and goods. There are also online consumer review services, into which people can log in order to search for the required information. The positive reviews on the Khaliji Airline encourage potential passengers to purchase the air tickets from the company (Lubbe, 2007).
The attitude of the consumer can affect the decision of the consumers when they are buying an air ticket. They may be defined or influenced by emotions or thought of positions of the consumers towards a particular matter. Usually, people have their own attitude on certain issues including the products and services of these companies, ideas, or other issues. In every aspect, an attitude may be the favorable or unfavorable evaluations of an issue in question. The important aspect to note about the customers' attitudes is that, as a rule, they are enduring. It is difficult to change as they are supported by the beliefs and values of other people. In this sense, it is in each and every company's interest that the consumers of their products and services maintain positive associations regarding the services and goods they offer.
The attitudes make people cooperate with the same airline, buy tickets from it, and avoid any purchases of the airline's tickets from the other companies. These attitudes are based on the experience the customers have acquired from the previous purchases, personal experience, or other sources. The positive attitudes make the customers always prefer buying the air tickets from the company whereas the negative attitudes result in avoidance of such purchases.
Business solutions for Gulf Air
The airline is mandated to take steps is rebranding the business. The managerial team has to act in marketing the products, prices, promotions, and distribution decisions. The marketing of the services will entail different steps. The airline has to set aside the financial issues to cushion the campaign. The strategy in this area will include providing the transport packages to the consumers. The package will include special offers free of charge; this step will help make more clients choose the airline as their service provider. It is going to be the company's long-term business strategy aimed at maintaining the business in the marketing program. The business will attract the customers and provide competitive advantage over the other airlines. The airline can also contract the major stakeholder in the transportation sector via the business plans. For example, the airline can sign a contract to offer transportation services to football club in their daily businesses. The majority of other players in the industry have already used this approach in strengthening and marketing their business (Oxford Business Group, 2008).
The Gulf Air can also offer promotions and launch public campaigns in both the local and global market. This may be done through the use of technology. This can be a major boost for the airline. The public strategy, in such a scenario, will change the attitude of the consumers towards the airline. The new markets will also be informed on the existing and new customer opportunities. The airline will be concerned with marketing their services in the global market. Their price issues will be another area that the company needs to look through. The majority of the ex-customers left the company because of the prices and chose other cheap airlines (Summers, 2007). The company has to restructure the prices to satisfy their consumers of different classes. The restructuring should cut prices for all classes of travelers and in all the destinations. The distribution of services and products is a key business solution to any airline. Expansion and the business at home will create favorable conditions. The airline has to venture new destination. This step will expand its market and increase the profits. The increased distribution will also enable the company to purchase more airplanes to satisfy the demand of the consumers (Lubbe, 2007).
Ethical Marketing Strategies
The airline has to introduce its ethical marketing strategies both at the local and global levels. The ethical issues in marketing vary from one country to another. Each state has unique rules and regulations that control the businesses in terms of marketing. The company has to undertake certain steps to study different approaches in each country and consider them in the airline's local strategy. The marketing rules should not discriminate or render another airline incompetent in business. The rules on competition should follow the common marketing strategy. Moreover, the airline has a mandate to protect the integrity of each established medium of advertisement while campaigning. The rules of public rallies, online presentations, and brochures significantly vary. Each media they choose should neither provoke the public in any way nor initiate the lawsuits by the interested parties (North & Tripp, 2008).
The whole team has to ensure that no stakeholders in the transport sector are affected by the marketing strategy. When the business intends to grab the minimal opportunities in the airline sector, it has to create and observe the ethical steps and their influence on the community.
The different approaches of marketing will ensure and encourage all business players to respect the ethical decisions they make. Ethical issues have negatively affected other businesses that do not adhere to it. The concerns will mostly affect women and children in the business. The manner of advertisement creates an impression permanent to the consumers, who are going to cooperate with the airline.
While operating in Bahrain, Gulf Air has faced numerous challenges over the past years, which have affected the business in its profits. The problems of the partners' pulling out and accidents have had a negative effect on its consumers. Most travelers preferred other airlines both locally and globally. The problems have raised challenges and forced the airline to cut its workers who defected to the competing airlines. The airline has established the long-term business solutions that will improve its consumers' level of satisfaction. The solutions range from the price regulation, expansion, promotion, and marketing services. Upon implementing the solutions, the airline will offer stiff competition to other entities in the same business.
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Q: force close while converting charsequence to string Whenever i converts charsequence to string my application shows force quit message. This is the code
public void onTextChanged (CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {
    String query =  td.searchRecord(s.toString());
    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),query, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

This is the logcat.
06-30 16:08:46.004: INFO/ActivityManager(40): Starting activity: Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x10200000 cmp=com.menu.san/.OptionsmenuActivity }
06-30 16:08:46.394: INFO/ActivityManager(40): Start proc com.menu.san for activity com.menu.san/.OptionsmenuActivity: pid=309 uid=10041 gids={}
06-30 16:08:48.024: INFO/ActivityManager(40): Displayed activity com.menu.san/.OptionsmenuActivity: 1719 ms (total 1719 ms)
06-30 16:08:49.485: WARN/KeyCharacterMap(309): No keyboard for id 0
06-30 16:08:49.485: WARN/KeyCharacterMap(309): Using default keymap: /system/usr/keychars/qwerty.kcm.bin
06-30 16:08:49.584: DEBUG/AndroidRuntime(309): Shutting down VM
06-30 16:08:49.584: WARN/dalvikvm(309): threadid=1: thread exiting with uncaught exception (group=0x4001d800)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309): android.database.sqlite.SQLiteException: bind or column index out of range: handle 0x23bd30
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteProgram.native_bind_string(Native Method)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteProgram.bindString(SQLiteProgram.java:241)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteQuery.bindString(SQLiteQuery.java:182)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDirectCursorDriver.query(SQLiteDirectCursorDriver.java:48)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.rawQueryWithFactory(SQLiteDatabase.java:1345)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.queryWithFactory(SQLiteDatabase.java:1229)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.query(SQLiteDatabase.java:1184)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.query(SQLiteDatabase.java:1301)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at com.menu.san.DbHelper.searchRecord(DbHelper.java:67)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at com.menu.san.OptionsmenuActivity$2.onTextChanged(OptionsmenuActivity.java:65)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.widget.TextView.sendOnTextChanged(TextView.java:6131)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.widget.TextView.handleTextChanged(TextView.java:6172)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.widget.TextView$ChangeWatcher.onTextChanged(TextView.java:6316)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.text.SpannableStringBuilder.sendTextChange(SpannableStringBuilder.java:889)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.text.SpannableStringBuilder.change(SpannableStringBuilder.java:352)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.text.SpannableStringBuilder.change(SpannableStringBuilder.java:269)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.text.SpannableStringBuilder.replace(SpannableStringBuilder.java:432)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.text.SpannableStringBuilder.replace(SpannableStringBuilder.java:409)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.text.SpannableStringBuilder.replace(SpannableStringBuilder.java:28)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.text.method.QwertyKeyListener.onKeyDown(QwertyKeyListener.java:195)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.text.method.TextKeyListener.onKeyDown(TextKeyListener.java:132)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.widget.TextView.doKeyDown(TextView.java:4304)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.widget.TextView.onKeyDown(TextView.java:4149)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.view.KeyEvent.dispatch(KeyEvent.java:1037)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.view.View.dispatchKeyEvent(View.java:3740)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchKeyEvent(ViewGroup.java:788)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchKeyEvent(ViewGroup.java:788)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchKeyEvent(ViewGroup.java:788)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchKeyEvent(ViewGroup.java:788)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView.superDispatchKeyEvent(PhoneWindow.java:1667)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow.superDispatchKeyEvent(PhoneWindow.java:1102)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.app.Activity.dispatchKeyEvent(Activity.java:2063)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView.dispatchKeyEvent(PhoneWindow.java:1643)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.view.ViewRoot.deliverKeyEventToViewHierarchy(ViewRoot.java:2471)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.view.ViewRoot.handleFinishedEvent(ViewRoot.java:2441)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.view.ViewRoot.handleMessage(ViewRoot.java:1735)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4627)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:521)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:868)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:626)
06-30 16:08:49.616: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(309):     at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
06-30 16:08:49.644: WARN/ActivityManager(40):   Force finishing activity com.menu.san/.OptionsmenuActivity
06-30 16:08:50.155: WARN/ActivityManager(40): Activity pause timeout for HistoryRecord{4400fa38 com.menu.san/.OptionsmenuActivity}
06-30 16:09:01.335: WARN/ActivityManager(40): Activity destroy timeout for HistoryRecord{4400fa38 com.menu.san/.OptionsmenuActivity}

A:
please try this :::
      CharSequence cs = "string";
      String s = cs.toString();
      foo(s); // prints "string"

public void foo(CharSequence cs) {
System.out.println(cs);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A 20 percent chance of showers and thunderstorms. Partly sunny, with a high near 58. Breezy, with a north northwest wind around 22 mph, with gusts as high as 30 mph.
A 10 percent chance of showers and thunderstorms before 7pm. Mostly clear, with a low around 36. North northwest wind 7 to 16 mph, with gusts as high as 24 mph.
Support the Booster Club when you purchase one!


This is your source for everything you need to know about Google Nexus phones and tablets – devices that provide a "pure Google" experience, making them great choices for Android enthusiasts, developers, and casual users alike.
Whatever happened to the Android M Developer Preview 3?
Remember how Google promised that, with the Android M developer preview, we'd actually get three releases before the final release?


text:
You are here: Home Learn & Teach History of TLC Transistor
The transistor was the first electronic amplifying device, capable of substituting De Forest's Vacuum tube with equivalent or superior performance and definitely smaller in size.
It was developed in the Bell Labs, the famous laboratories of the American telephone company, in 1947-48. In 1954-55, while the transistor was being tested in the field of computer science, still limited to few pioneers, the American company Texas Instruments was experimenting, and then marketed, a new use for the product which proved to be much more for the "masses": a transistor radio charged by batteries, decisively smaller and lighter (less than 1/2 a kilo) than the portable radios available at the time.
Also in 1954, the physicist Edwin Armstrong, inventor of frequency modulation radio, committed suicide because he was convinced that his invention would not have been applicable commercially due to the opposition of the big companies in the sector. In the years that followed, frequency modulation did affirm itself thanks as well to the diffusion of portable radios.


text:
Biden's People Admits that Donald Trump's Wall is What is Needed to Stop Illegals
The Democratic voters realize for the first time that they made a massive mistake voting for crazy Joe Biden. They are wishing that they would have thought through the border wall issue better and what would happen if Biden were to mess with the growing economy. The insane president destroyed jobs and made a mess of things to the point that many liberals are taking a step back and seeing that Donald Trump was as bad as they pegged him to be.
Biden made it his mission to erase Donald Trump from the history books. He sat down and executively removed the policies that Trump had fought hard to put in place without thinking things through. He erased the border infrastructure that protected Americans, and he put a stop to the building of the border wall. Those two decisions destroyed the security of the southern states.
He gave no thought to the well-being of any person as he selfishly sat down and destroyed four years of hard work from a man that loved the people instead of himself. Donald Trump worked for the people, and it showed in the way he did things. There was never a time when he did anything selfishly.
But so far, Joe Biden is as selfish as they come. The results of his hateful dismissal of Trump's work led to the flood of illegals stacking up at the border and now in cages around the country. And Biden sits in his rocker believing that there is not a problem growing in the country.
Biden tried to get the vice president to take over the matter, but she is off playing elected queen and could not care. Since her appointed task was given, she has not been seen within a thousand miles of the border.
Biden does not have the answers in his head as to what to do. Even with his DHS Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas telling him to act, he sits idle.
Mayorkas came out and admitted that Donald Trump's wall is the answer. He stated very clearly that "It's not a single answer to a single question. There are different projects that the chief of the Border Patrol has presented and the acting commissioner of CBP presented to me."
And here it comes,m the answer of a lifetime for any pride-eating Democrat to admit. He said, "The president has communicated quite clearly his decision that the emergency that triggered the devotion of DOD funds to the construction of the border wall is ended. But that leaves room to make decisions as the administration, as part of the administration, in particular areas of the wall that need renovation, particular projects that need to be finished."
This drop the mic moment slams Biden's rash actions and proves that he is the incompetent nutjob everyone knows him to be. Now people are wondering what in the world can be done to stop the invasion.
The gaps that Biden left are precisely where the people are trying to enter the country. There were 460 miles of the wall completed when the liberals evicted Donald Trump. That part of the border is secure. The unfinished parts are where the illegals are crossing.
Biden has tried to put other types of temporary barricades up, but they are not stopping the people. Biden will have to swallow his liberal pride and let the construction of the wall resume.
The wall was full of technology that alerted border agents that someone was trying to enter illegally. Sheriff Mark Dannels put it best when he said, "We just built roads for the cartels."
Roads were built to facilitate the wall project. But now that Biden stopped it, all those roads are being used by the drug lords to bring their dope across.
Biden is under investigation by the GAO and his role in stopping the construction project. Many believe that the crazy man violated the Impoundment Control Act. The law states that the president cannot interfere with the money that the House allocates for specific projects. Biden stopped the wall's construction which House-designated funds were funding. It all proves that Biden thinks of himself as a dictator who does not answer the laws.
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Hamari Adhuri Kahani Full Movie Download In Hd, 720p, 480p
byRohit April 21, 2021
Hamari Adhuri Kahani Full Movie Leak In Worldfree4u, Pagalworld, Khatrimaza, Filmyhit, Moviesflix
Hamari Adhuri Kahani
Summary, Ghat, Daddy Earth Mahesh Bhatt, who made the best films, later got a buzz at the box office and made horror, sexy and boxed spicy films like Murder and Raj at the box office. Yes, meanwhile, through his banner, he created a team of young directors who could try to follow the path shown by him. For the past few months, Bhatt Camp Ad has been busy advertising our unfinished story ', so this is why Ajay Devgan, once again showed his real-life story after Pooja Bhatt starrer film Akkh Zakhm. Also raised the challenge of presenting. This film by Imran and Vidya Balan is also trying to revive Mahesh Bhatt's bitter memories of his life, which Mahesh Bhatt will never forget. Hamari Adhuri Kahani Full Movie
Mohit Suri, who made his debut as a director from Bhatt Camp a while back, was both a big hit at the box office, 'Aashiqui 2' and 'Ek Villain'. In the era of multiplexes, when the Gen X class at the box office had the power to be a hit or a flop, many scenes such as female torture in a better sense and serious cases excluded films of this class. Emraan and Vidya Starr The previous film 'Ghanachakkar' was a flop at the box office due to Imran's previous film 'Mr. X 'and Vidya Balan starrer film and Bobby Detective were also around. In such a situation, Imran and Vidya are once again in need of a superhit film like 'Dirty Picture'. The director of this film Mohit Suri wanted to keep the title of the film 'Tum Hi Ho', but when Imran and Vidya, as well as the Bhatt brothers, did not present the suggested title of Mohit, Vikram Bhatt named his company "Our "Kept. The title for this film was given the incomplete 'Kahani'.
Story: Aarav (Emraan Hashmi), the owner of a chain of five-star hotels in India and abroad, falls in love with Vasudha Prasad (Vidya Balan), who hires his hotel due to Vasudha's abandonment and loyalty to duty. Aarav's loyalty to Vasudha's duty was noticed when he was staying at his hotel as a VIP guest. As they are employed here, fire smoke emits from the same floor on Aarav Kesket, where Aarav lives, the rest of the hotel staff and managers run away from the hotel floor seeing the smoke, but Vasudha is worried about staying on that floor. But to save the VIP guest. Vasudha learns that the guest is none other than the hotel owner Ruparoy Aarav.
At the same time, Aarav advises Vasudha to work in a hotel in Dubai, but Vasudha lovingly refuses this suggestion as a family problem. When Vasudha comes home and comes to know that her son is in the police station, then she reaches the police station. On the other hand, she learns that her 5-year-old husband, Hari Pandey (Rajkumar Rowe), is not lost, but rejoins a terrorist group operating in Bastar, killing a kidnapped American citizen. The police have a video of Hari killing an American citizen. In which Hari decides to go to Dubai with his son Sanch after discovering Hari's stupidity from the police.
Aarav slowly falls in love with Vasudha and one-day Aarav expresses his love to Vasudha, but Vasudha agrees to the marriage. When Aarav Shimla goes to meet his mother from Dubai, Vasudha also asks him to go with her. After listening to Aarav's mother, Vasudha considers that he too has the right to start his new life and you should marry Aarav for the good future of son Sancha. When Vasudha reaches her home in Mumbai, she is confronted by her husband Hari. Hari reaches home in a very bad condition while avoiding the police. He does not even know that the police have kept a guard outside Vasudha's house because of that. When Vasudha tells Hari about herself and Aarav, she angrily walks out of the house and confesses herself to the police, and takes up the crime she did not commit. Hari gets a death sentence from the court
Acting: Emraan Hashmi plays Aarav's character in a very brilliant way. Vidya Balan has also proved the role of Vasudha quite well, but the film's pace is very slow from the beginning. After the barracks, Rajkummar Rao's entry takes place and the story takes a few turns. Rajkummar Rao undoubtedly got less footage in the story, but despite this, he maintained a strong presence.
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A motion proposing investigating the scrapping of the council's cabinet-style executive has been passed – paving the way for a return to a committee system.
The development follows widespread concern about the way decisions are being taken by the Tory leadership, which many say is secretive and does not take into account the views of other councillors and the public.
At a meeting of the full council on Thursday, a motion to investigate re-introducing the committee system of governance was voted through, setting the ball rolling for a major overhaul of the way the council is run.
"We welcome the motion as we consider the current executive system of decision-making concentrates power in too few hands and is not properly representative. One problem with the current system is that many people, and some councillors, feel they cannot influence decisions the council makes.
She said the CDCD was also collecting signatures for a petition, aiming to reach 5,000 – which would trigger a referendum at the 2015 local elections.
Council leader John Gilbey, who has previously said he believes the old committee system is cumbersome and delays decision-making, said he welcomed a debate on future governance and would support the motion. But he also warned members to "be careful what you wish for".
The process involves changing the constitution of the council. If a committee system was the recommendation of the political management member panel, it would not be ratified until the annual meeting of the council in May 2015.
Where would we build homes for Londoners?


Did you know that, officially, Cardiff is the wettest city in the UK? Annually, the capital of Wales has roughly 1152mm of rainfall. That is a lot of rain. Mind you, being from the north west of Ireland, it still doesn't feel like it rains half as much in Cardiff as it does back home.
The majority of people stay at home when it rains but I think it's an ideal time to go out into the city and experience things that they might not do if the sun is shining. And there are a lot of indoor activities that Cardiff has to offer. So, I've put together a list of my top 10 things to do in Cardiff when the heavens have decided to open.
The National Museum Cardiff is fascinating to wander around. You can learn about dinosaurs and other animals in the natural history section or how about seeing how Wales has evolved from the beginning of time until now.
They also host touring exhibitions and have one of the finest art collections in Europe. There really is something for everyone at the National Museum Cardiff.
There are two major entertainment complexes in Cardiff – Stadium Plaza and the Red Dragon Centre. Both complexes house a cinema, a bowling alley and arcade. A bonus for Stadium Plaza is that it is located in the city centre and there is also an opportunity to play a round of Laser Tag which is always good fun.
The Red Dragon Centre is the larger of the two and is located in Cardiff Bay. It is also home of Capital FM Wales and you can sometimes have a peek into one of the studios that is visible from the inside of the centre. The Red Dragon Centre also boasts a casino, a gym and a plethora of restaurants and bars.
Staying in the Cardiff Bay area, the Doctor Who Experience is a must see for any fans of The Doctor. It has an interactive adventure where you can learn to fly the Tardis and is fun for the whole family.
There is also a large museum which displays many of the costumes and props from the series as well as shows you some behind the scenes extras that will give you an insight as to how the show is created.
GoAir provide a long list of activities for all ages. They hold open jump sessions for people of all levels as well as training in trampolining proficiency. They run parent and toddler groups to introduce them to trampolining and also run fitness classes for those interested.
If you ever find yourself bored on a Friday or Saturday night? Head down to GoAir from 7pm – 9pm for their GoDJ night when the lights go down and the laser lights are brought out for a night of after dark bouncing.
With four themed escape rooms to choose from, Escape Rooms Cardiff is a thrilling way to spend a day. The idea is that you work together, usually in a team of 2-6, to find hidden clues and solve puzzles in order to escape the room before your time runs out. Each game lasts one hour and the rooms cater for all ages and occasions.
Situated on the top floor of the St David's Shopping Centre car park, Treetop Adventure Golf is a great way to relax after a long day shopping in the centre.There are two courses you can play with each consisting of nine holes. There's even a chance to win your next game free if you can conquer the 19th hole.
Ever wanted to try a climbing wall? Boulders has climbing walls for all levels of ability. They provide courses to teach you how to climb as well as one off taster sessions so you can find out if it's your thing or not.
There is a soft play centre for the younger kids and Boulders also facilitates for kids birthday parties. All in all, a great day out.
Immerse yourself in history at The Cardiff Story.
Situated in The Old Library on the Hayes, The Cardiff Story tells the story of the history of Cardiff and how it was created.It uses fun, interactive galleries to tell each story and it a great way for residents to learn about the city.
The Cardiff Story is great for school trips and you'll often see kids lined up outside excited to go into the museum.
Whether you want a full on swimming session or a fun day out with the kids, the Cardiff International Pool is the place to go.
Their 50m Olympic pool is perfect for adults who are looking to get their exercise in for the day and the leisure pool complete with water slides will keep the kids entertained all day.
Techniquest is a great place for people of all ages, not just children, to learn all about science in a fun and interactive way. They host specific events and themed days and even have an adults only night.It is a very popular venue to host birthday parties as it is such a fun day out for all the family.
If you have any more activities for a rainy day, share them in the comments section.


2 May 2016 – Everything you eat or drink affects your intestinal bacteria, and is likely to have an impact on your health. That is the finding of a large-scale TiFN-study led by RUG/UMCG geneticist Cisca Wijmenga into the effect of food and medicine on the bacterial diversity in the human gut, which is published in the prestigious research journal Science (abstract here).
In this study researchers collected stool samples from more than 1100 people taking part in the LifeLines programme, which is monitoring the health of 165,000 residents of the Northern Netherlands. The samples were used to analyse the DNA of the bacteria and other organisms that live in the gut. In addition to stools, the study collected information on the participants' diet, medicine-use and health.
Recent research has demonstrated the importance of this. It is now possible to combat obesity through a 'faecal transplantation' in which the intestinal bacteria from a slender person are introduced into the gut of an obese patient. An appropriate diet or a specific medicine may produce the same effect on the microbiome.


text:
Hip-hop dance
Hip hop or hip-hop is a sub-cultural movement that formed during the early 1970s by African-American and Puerto Rican youths residing in the South Bronx in New York City. It became popular outside of the African-American community in the late 1980s and by the 2000s became the most listened-to musical genre in the world. It is characterized by four distinct elements, all of which represent the different manifestations of the culture: rap music (oral), turntablism or DJing (aural), b-boying (physical) and graffiti art (visual). Even while it continues to develop globally in myriad styles, these four foundational elements provide coherence to hip hop culture. The term is often used in a restrictive fashion as synonymous only with the oral practice of rap music.
The origin of the hip hop culture stems from the block parties of the Ghetto Brothers, when they plugged in the amplifiers for their instruments and speakers into the lampposts on 163rd Street and Prospect Avenue and used music to break down racial barriers, and from DJ Kool Herc at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, where Herc mixed samples of existing records with his own shouts to the crowd and dancers. Kool Herc is credited as the "father" of hip hop. DJ Afrika Bambaataa of the hip hop collective Zulu Nation outlined the pillars of hip hop culture, to which he coined the terms: MCing or "Emceein", DJing or "Deejayin", B-boying and graffiti writing or "Aerosol Writin".
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Hip_hop
Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre formed in the United States in the 1970s that consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted. It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling (or synthesis), and beatboxing.
While often used to refer to rapping, "hip hop" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. The term hip hop music is sometimes used synonymously with the term rap music, though rapping is not a required component of hip hop music; the genre may also incorporate other elements of hip hop culture, including DJing, turntablism, and scratching, beatboxing, and instrumental tracks.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Hip_hop_music
Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles primarily performed to hIP HOP or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. It includes a wide range of styles primarily breaking, locking, and popping which were created in the 1970s and made popular by dance crews in the United States. The television show Soul Train and the 1980s films Breakin', Beat Street, and Wild Style showcased these crews and dance styles in their early stages; therefore, giving hip-hop mainstream exposure. The dance industry responded with a commercial, studio-based version of hip-hop—sometimes called "new style"—and a hip-hop influenced style of jazz dance called "jazz-funk". Classically trained dancers developed these studio styles in order to create choreography from the hip-hop dances that were performed on the street. Because of this development, hip-hop dance is practiced in both dance studios and outdoor spaces.
The commercialization of hip-hop dance continued into the 1990s and 2000s with the production of several television shows and movies such as The Grind, Planet B-Boy, Rize, StreetDance 3D, America's Best Dance Crew, Saigon Electric, the Step Up film series, and The LXD, a web series. Though the dance is established in entertainment, including mild representation in theater, it maintains a strong presence in urban neighborhoods which has led to the creation of street dance derivatives Memphis jookin, turfing, jerkin', and krumping.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Hip-hop_dance
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If tenacity and resilience have been the defining words to describe the Indian team's performance in Australia this summer, debutant Sundar and one-Test-match-old Thakur displayed that in ample measure in their record partnership at the Gabba on Sunday ... performances'....
Finghin Collins: 'Ireland has done extremely well for the arts online'
He follows that with Austrian composer Karheinz Essl's Gold.Berg.Werk, a version for piano and electronics performed by Xenia Pestova Bennett (piano) and Ed Bennett (electronics) – the duo's Music Network tour of this version, planned for October, has had to be rescheduled ... Each performance will be introduced by the performers....
The Oklahoman 18 Jan 2021
The Sooners trailed after one rotation, but took the lead with a strong performance on the bars, most notably by a pair of freshman — Audrey Davis and Katherine LeVasseur ... Before the event, OU assistant Tom Haley had a talk with Draper about the importance of leading off with a strong performance....
Local students take field trips locally, nationwide and around the world
The Scranton Times-Tribune 18 Jan 2021
Elsewhere in the county, Elizabeth Dessoye, who teaches first grade at Riverside Elementary West, created a lesson around the Scranton Civic Ballet Company's performance of "The Nutcracker" this year. The students were not able to attend the performance in person but, through WVIA, they had access to a recording of the show....
Nathan Chen performs during the men's free skate at the U.S ... Madison Hubbell and Zachary Donohue perform during the free dance at the U.S ... Alexa Knierim and Brandon Frazier perform during the pairs free skate at the U.S ... Bradie Tennell performs during the women's free skate at the U.S....
Spin 18 Jan 2021
In a reunion few could have seen coming, long-dormant and reclusive alt-rock band New Radicals will be performing (virtually) for the first time in 22 years at the upcoming Biden inauguration, according to Rolling Stone ... reunite and to perform the song at the virtual event....
Qualcomm buys chip design startup Nuvia for $1.4 bn
Sify 18 Jan 2021
Nuvia comprises a proven world-class CPU and technology design team, with industry-leading expertise in high performance processors, Systems on a Chip (SoC) and power management for compute-intensive devices and applications ... "CPU performance leadership will be critical in ......
New Radicals to reform after 22 years for Joe Biden's Inauguration
NME 18 Jan 2021
The band, who famously broke up just months after that release, will perform the song as part of the virtual Biden-Harris 'Parade Across America', Rolling Stone reports ... Bruce Springsteen, Lady Gaga, Justin Timberlake and Foo Fighters are among other acts set to perform at various Inauguration events on the day....
Sajid elated at selection for SA Tests
The News International 18 Jan 2021
I performed well and was rewarded ... And InshaAllah I will perform without doosra," Sajid said, who follows Mohammad Hafeez and Saqlain Mushtaq as his role models ... Sajid said that picking the leading performers of the domestic cricket would also motivate other youngsters and they ......


Ensuring respect for human rights in providing or managing site security in complex environments continues to be a critical challenge for extractives companies. While the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights (VPs) provide valuable guidance, implementation is not always straightforward.
In 2014, the GCNA established the Security and Human Rights Community of Practice as a peer forum for senior security representatives from extractives companies and their community relations colleagues, and select security experts, to come together and explore challenges and best practice in relation to security and human rights. The Community of Practice also provides an opportunity for extractives companies to engage with the Australian Government around the VPs.
The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) and the Australia-Africa Minerals & Energy Group (AAMEG) actively support and engage in the Community of Practice.
Security and Human Rights Community of Practice meetings are by invitation only and limited to senior security professionals and their senior community relations colleagues. If you would like to express interest in participating, please contact us.


text:
These 8 Bills Will Change How You Think About Voting by Mail
3/30/2021 by National Vote at Home Institute
From sweeping reform to technical fixes, this year's policy docket is full of voting rights bills, including vote-by-mail policies.
Over 80 percent of voters that voted using ballots they received by mail in 2020 said they would like to use the option again. (btwashburn / Flickr)
This article was originally published by the National Vote at Home Institute. It is republished here with permission.
The 2020 election cycle was a watershed for American elections. Decision-makers across parties made critical changes and emergency decisions to preserve voter safety, and it was made abundantly clear to voters and legislators alike just how important election policy is to our democracy.
Now legislators have entered the 2021 session with a keen eye towards policies that dictate how our elections are administered. From sweeping reform to technical fixes, this year's policy docket is full of bills that look to both build upon—or tear down—the pro-democracy work that was done in and before 2020.
There is one trend that should be top of mind for every legislator, election official, and advocate when considering policy proposals this year: 81 percent of voters that voted using ballots they received by mail in 2020 indicate they would like to use the option again, according to a study conducted by MIT's Charles Stewart III.
When we evaluate the effects that various policies have on voters, this greatly influences our assessments, though we take a holistic approach overall. Below, we address some of the bills we expect you are most likely to read about in the coming weeks and months. There are: the good, the bad, and the ugly in terms of impact on voters.
(The National Vote at Home Institute)
The Good: Pro-Voter Progress
Vermont Going the Distance: S15
After their wildly successful venture with vote at home policies in 2020, Vermont is considering a bill, S15, to make proactive mailing of ballots to all voters in all statewide general elections a permanent policy. Additionally, this bill would keep and expand a variety of temporary policies put in place for the 2020 general election, including drop boxes, prepaid postage, curbside voting, and create a cure process with notification. S15 is expected to pass both chambers in the next month.
Virginia is for (Voting) Lovers: HB1888
HB 1888 creates an ongoing "single sign up" option for voters to continually be mailed their ballots after they have expressed wanting to vote at home. This means Virginia voters will not have to fill out the same form election after election. We love this kind of process reform because it means voters—and election officials—can spend less time on duplicative paperwork and less money in administrative costs. Virginia's robust voter data maintenance programs allows the state to take this step with confidence.
Further, the bill made a wide variety of reforms permanent including ballot drop boxes, prepaid postage, and a cure process with voter notification. The governor has until the end of March to sign it, so keep your eyes peeled!
Small State, Big Impact: H6003
Do not let Rhode Island's size fool you. This small-but-mighty state is working to take the big step to let voters sign up to receive mail ballots through a single sign-up process similar to the one Virginia is considering, a process that is already in place in states like Arizona and Florida.
H6003 also makes many of the pro-voter 2020 changes permanent like ballot drop boxes and replacing burdensome witness and notarization requirements with signature verification. For good measure, legislators added a provision allowing ballots postmarked by election day to be counted if they arrive a few days after, so voters can be sure their voices are heard no matter how long the mail takes. This is one of a few measures that we recommend in states to reduce ballot rejection rates.
In Kentucky, the glass is half full: HB574
If any state has metaphorically gone 0 to 60 in record time on voting reforms, it is Kentucky in 2020. The state missed an opportunity in HB574 by deciding not to keep allowing all voters to apply for an absentee ballot from last year, but they have made some other significant election improvements due to remarkable cross-partisan action.
The bill, written over several months with input from the Secretary of State and county clerks, makes permanent a variety of common sense changes including preprocessing of ballots, ballot drop boxes, an early voting period, online mail ballot requests, and a cure process with voter notification. The bill passed the House nearly unanimously and is heading into its final Senate considerations soon.
The Bad: Rolling Back Pro-Voter Progress from 2020
… And half empty: SB1
It's not all good news out of Kentucky, though. 2020's massive successes were made possible by the (Republican) Secretary of State, (Democratic) Governor and others working together in a bipartisan manner, but will be harder to replicate in the future, thanks to the controversial SB1. The bill adds barriers to making the kinds of emergency election provisions that created record turnout in the state during the pandemic.
Georgia on My Mind: HB531
Georgia saw record turnout in 2020 after a good record with no-excuse absentee voting and a long early voting period. Yet the state has multiple bills that would roll back access.
Similar to SB241 (a bill discussed below), HB531 includes a litany of provisions that limit voting access, and both are looking likely to become law. HB531 limits early voting, access to ballot drop boxes, changes the process to apply for mail ballots and more. This omnibus bill is complex and controversial. In short, Georgia could do much, much better.
The Ugly: Rolls Back Pro-Voter Access Overall
Building Barriers in Georgia
Despite massive increases in turnout in 2020, the Georgia Senate recently passed SB241 which gets rid of the ability for the vast majority of voters to get a mail ballot by requiring voters to meet a certain set of criteria to receive a mail ballot. The bill also takes a step backwards in replacing signature verification to verify mail ballot envelopes with an ID requirement, further reducing access to the ballot. Not everyone has a photo ID, but nearly everyone has a signature.
In addition to getting rid of no-excuse mail ballots, the bill would also severely limit the State Board of Elections' ability to make emergency voter safety rules. There is still a chance that does not become law, but not a very large one.
Backsliding in the Sun: S90
Despite a strong showing in 2020, Florida is looking to roll back many of its most popular voting procedures. Florida has one of the most sophisticated and successful election systems in the country, but S90 takes the state backwards. Recent amendments to the bill shorten the amount of time a single mail ballot request lasts: from two election cycles to one. Not only is this completely unnecessary, but it doubles the paperwork required for both voters and election officials at every stage.
Equally misguided, the bill also bans ballot drop boxes, a secure and convenient option that over 40 percent of mail voters across the country used in the 2020 November election.
What Is the Takeaway?
Election policy is a mixed bag this year with some states taking giant leaps forward and others taking dangerous steps back. Here at the National Vote at Home Institute, we champion legislation that benefits voters, so first and foremost, we want to commend the states that are jumping feet first into making impactful codified changes to the way they run their elections. We also think it is important to call out bad policy when we see it and we are certainly seeing it in states like Georgia and Florida, which are looking to limit access to the ballot box and compromise election security.
Policymakers need to know that the safety and security of our elections can be improved while increasing access to mail voting for those who are eligible. In fact, our democracy depends on it.
Will 2021 be Defined by Voting Rights and Electoral Reform?
Stand Up, Speak Out: Feminists on the Past, Present and Future of Voting Rights
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Tagged: Congress, Voting Rights
About National Vote at Home Institute
The National Vote at Home Institute is a nonpartisan nonprofit focused on expanding and implementing vote at home and mail options in all 50 states.
As Congress Convenes, Over 100 Women's Groups Urge Lawmakers to Focus on Gender Equity
Roxy Szal
Biden Administration Clings to Title 42, Despite Its Harm to Asylum Seekers
Mary Giovagnoli


Norilsk Nickel (Nornickel) – one of the world's largest producers of nickel and palladium – purchased 67.5 billion (US$1.1 billion) roubles worth of copper concentrate from Russian state holding company Rostec. The amount of concentrate was not disclosed but according to Reuters Norilsk's Polar division produced it during Soviet times, said mining.com.
The product was stockpiled and held by the government before it was released to Rostec sometime this year.
The payment will be made in several tranches over several years, an official with Nornickel said, adding that the concentrate also contained precious and base metals. Rostec Chief Executive Sergei Chemezov told reporters the concentrate was being kept at Nornickel's Polar division while the mining firm said it would use it at its copper plant there.
Nornickel Group is divided into the Polar Division of MMC Norilsk Nickel, located above the Polar Circle on the Taimyr Peninsula, and Kola Mining and Metallurgical Company. The group also owns Norilsk Nickel Harjavalta, which is the only nickel refining plant in Finland.
Norilsk is a top 10 mining company with its ADRs trading in New York affording the company a $25 billion market value. The company produces roughly a fifth of the world's nickel, mainly used in steelmaking, and half the world's palladium used in autocatalysts to reduce emissions. Its operations in Russia, Australia, Botswana and South Africa also produce significant quantities of copper and cobalt, platinum, gold and silver as byproducts.


Loeb & Loeb LLP is proud to sponsor the 2013 NAD and CARU Annual Conferences, where partner Kenneth Florin will be speaking on a panel at the CARU Conference titled, "It's 3:00 p.m., Who's Watching the Kids' Online Behavior?"
What's New in Advertising Law, Claim Support and Self-Regulation?
Expert speakers will examine legal trends and address key issues in advertising claim substantiation, use of survey evidence, digital disclosures, advertising in social media, FTC Enforcement priorities and much more. The conference will provide attendees with practical guidance to enhance their use of the advertising industry's self-regulatory forum.
Expert panelists will consider challenging issues presently facing the Children's Advertising Industry, focusing on how technology has changed the way companies market their products to children in the US and abroad. A significant emphasis will be placed on the changes to the FTC's COPPA Rule, including discussions on how companies are changing their online privacy practices in light of these changes.
3:00 PM - 4:00 PM - It's 3:00 p.m., Who's Watching the Kids' Online Behavior?
These days, children are online for homework, for communicating, and for fun! How can we make sure that regulatory compliance is met when engaging in OBA? Join industry experts as they examine the effectiveness and the challenges of OBA initiatives, and develop a tight grasp on the rules and regulations surrounding this area.


We arrived in Alexandria under the gray winter clouds from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Yet again I found myself travelling to this part of the world to celebrate the successful closing of my daughter's medical study. I could not miss this special moment for the world; although I left at the office my students' unmarked test papers and loads of research reports to be read and assessed. It's a mad mad world at the office at this time of the year; more than what I can bear at this time and age. So, I just dropped everything, grabbed my bag and passport and took off…literally. Sometime if you just could not tolerate the circumstances, you have to make a drastic decision and shot off. It was a nice landing at the Borg El Arab Airport in Alex amidst a nasty winter crosswind and gloomy weather. We went through the Immigration and Customs without any problem. Outside, the chilly wind started to nip my face and ears. It has been awhile since I experience this winter season; the last time was during our stay in the mountains of Hakusan in Ishikawa, Japan. But more than anything else it reminded me of my aching joints and aging body. It was a struggle just to keep warm and stay comfortable in the middle of a chilly breeze. Returning to Alexandria made yourself wonder if you could experience more than what you had in the last visit. I wanted to feel the grandeur of Alexandria; a mixture of Roman and Egyptian culture and traditions. They speak Arabic, but the environment is not similar to the one in Makkah or Medina. In Alexandria, life is more colorful and downright exotic. The most notable element of Alexandria is the tram. It runs through the busy streets and run down neighborhoods.
The tram cars were old and slow but for 50 cents they would take you everywhere. I think the people of this town deserve a better and modern set of cars.
Fajr was around 5.30 am. As I hurried myself through the dark alley to the nearby mosque, I saw people coming out of the building as well but they kind of not greeting each other or having a small talk as they walk to the mosque. As if going for Fajr prayer is a secret thing to do. May be someone was watching I would never know.
But I love the atmosphere in the early morning here as you can feel and experience the stories of Hassan al Banna, Syed Qutb and Zainab during their struggles in Ikhwan al Muslimeen. Islam in Alexandria is alive but as vague as the winter sunshine; beaming high behind the gray cloudy sky. Friday prayer saw a full house and a spill-over onto the nearby streets. Ironically, the sermon talked about the miracles of the Qur'an instead of the fate of the muslim in dire straits in Egypt or elsewhere. A safe topic I reckon but I could not care less as I was busy thinking where these people would pray as every inch of the space had been occupied. But to my surprise, when the time for solat, everyone just made space and everybody could pray peacefully. I was truly amazed…hahaha!
The cold weather was really into me so I skipped most of the shopping trips and what not. I stayed home and watched TV. They have 700 channels to choose from and you know what? I flicked all of them. Christian channels were interesting as they sang Christmas songs in Arabic and recited prayers in Arabic also….better than myself saying the prayers. A few Syiah channels were also there as well as Saudi, Jordanian, Syrian etc. I saw belly dancing on one of the channels and it was the most exotic show I have ever watched. I was surprised that a beautiful lady can make that moves and it tickled every bone in my body…hukhukhuk. If I were to study in Egypt I could not guarantee whether I'd graduate or not … may be skipped classes and watched TV all the time. All of the sudden I feel the need to explore more of Alex and places in Egypt. The long history of political struggles in Egypt since the time of Prophet Musa and Fir'aun up until now has undermined the beautiful arts, culture, people and places of Egypt. We went to Siwa the little oasis in the Sahara and Matrouh , the beautiful seaside town.
The road to Siwa was long and lonely. 300 km to the west of Alex and then another 300 km towards the south into the Sahara desert. After a few road blocks, we reached this little town at around Zuhr time. We left Alex at 4 am. So by the time we arrived, it was lunch. The place seemed busy with people and tourists. We stopped by this restaurant and it served the best bbq chicken with all the salad, tahine,soup, bread etc. It was simply superb right out of the traditional oven to compliment the cool Saharan winter.
Time seemed to stand still in Siwa. Donkeys were still pulling carts on the street. The dates farms were everywhere and this place is said to produce the best dates in Egypt. So what else is interesting about Siwa…..the Sahara desert of course. I have yet to comprehend the excitement of going into the desert. As my tour guide explained….let reserve the energy for later!.
We rode a monster called Land Cruiser 4X4. As I was about to experience the desert, I wonder what this SUV can do with the sand and dunes. And believe me if you own this land Cruiser thing you would never appreciate the performance of this monster until you take it out to the desert. There were sand everywhere and along the way it made up a dune as steep as 45 degrees. Our local driver would drive up the hill and stop at the top and kinda dive down where you could not even see the bottom of it. It dropped almost straight down and you better pick up your heart before it dropped again down the next slope. Again and again we went around this magnificent landscape…..and we just could not get enough of it. It was far better than the rollercoasters at the theme park. At the end of it we had tea and watched a beautiful sunset. Oh! My son went sandboarding and he seemed excited …… not my cuppa tea though!
-can you see seven blue colors of the ocean?
It was the best of Egypt!


FASEB J. 2019 Apr;33(4):5654-5666. doi: 10.1096/fj.201802145RR. Epub 2019 Jan 25.
TRB3 regulates skeletal muscle mass in food deprivation-induced atrophy.
Choi RH1, McConahay A1, Silvestre JG1,2, Moriscot AS2, Carson JA1, Koh HJ1.
Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Tribbles 3 (TRB3) is a pseudokinase that has been found in multiple tissues in response to various stress stimuli, such as nutrient deprivation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We recently found that TRB3 has the potential to regulate skeletal muscle mass at the basal state. However, it has not yet been explored whether TRB3 regulates skeletal muscle mass under atrophic conditions. Here, we report that food deprivation for 48 h in mice significantly reduces muscle mass by ∼15% and increases TRB3 expression, which is associated with increased ER stress. Interestingly, inhibition of ER stress in C2C12 myotubes reduces food deprivation-induced expression of TRB3 and muscle-specific E3-ubiquitin ligases. In further in vivo experiments, muscle-specific TRB3 transgenic mice increase food deprivation-induced muscle atrophy compared with wild-type (WT) littermates presumably by the increased proteolysis. On the other hand, TRB3 knockout mice ameliorate food deprivation-induced atrophy compared with WT littermates by preserving a higher protein synthesis rate. These results indicate that TRB3 plays a pivotal role in skeletal muscle mass regulation under food deprivation-induced muscle atrophy and TRB3 could be a pharmaceutical target to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy.-Choi, R. H., McConahay, A., Silvestre, J. G., Moriscot, A. S., Carson, J. A., Koh, H.-J. TRB3 regulates skeletal muscle mass in food deprivation-induced atrophy.


We have discussed basics of Big Data and Cloud earlier. When someone looked at a career in IT in the initial days of IT and to an extent even now, lack of the right perspective made him or her believe that Software Testing is a secondary priority activity.
It is increasingly and rightly being recognized as a very critical aspect of the Software Development Life Cycle. Do you know that the need is directly driven by business necessity than anything else!
Today, IT is involved in every phase of the operations and functioning of an organisation. IT drives, triggers, manages and runs critical decisions, systems and processes. This is why an error in an IT system can potentially cause a massive impact, not only on that organization's operations, reputation, revenue and compliance, but also on externally interfaced systems. For e.g. the interconnected global financial systems like cards and fund transfers. Imagine deposits missing from your bank account, cards failing while on an overseas trip!
Irrespective of all the massive time, mental and physical effort spent on designing and building a system, Testing is THE phase that helps decide whether to release the application for usage or hold it in the shelves.
In fact, about 30-40% of the budget for the development of a mission critical application is earmarked for Testing!
For an onlooker, software testing appears to be just running an application, entering values and checking output. But thats a leaf in the landscape. Testing is a science altogether.
Not explicitly mentioned but obvious or common sense.
Stages: Unit, Integration, System, Acceptance, Pre-production Testing. These are sometimes further broken down.
Other forms of Testing: Smoke, Sanity, Verification, Validation, Regression, Static, Dynamic, Positive, Negative, Compliance, Black Box, Penetration, Performance Testing etc.
Methods: Manual, Automated (using tools).
For those who have the aptitude and attitude for Software Testing, it provides an exciting career. You don't miss out on programming as Automated Testing also involves complex scripting.
ISTQB (International Software Testing Qualifications Board) administers globally accepted certification exams in Testing at Foundation, Advanced and Expert levels in Core(valid for any technology/ methodology/ application domain), Agile (for Agile projects) and Specialist (specialization in specific quality parameter, test approach, test activity or business domain) streams.
A Software Testing career is really worth pursuing!
There are now companies entirely focused on Software Testing and this industry quietly generates a huge number of jobs while many people look aside towards limited programming jobs and miss the opportunity.
Check the Classroom and Online Sofware Testing courses at www.AddMyLearning.com. For more info, write to info@addmylearning.com.