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Twitter Bootstrap is my main framework for creating websites and mobile PhoneGap application and it actually has anything I need, except a good slider.
Note, that I'm talking about a bar and a knob on it, which you can drag to set the value. I'm not talking about any kind of image slider, gallery or presentation. As most people know, Bootstrap has such thing, which is called Bootstrap Carousel.
I tired to use jQuery UI's slider, as it is quite small (39,4 kB of minified JS and CSS code). This is not very much, when compared to whole jQuery UI library size. But it is way too much, when we thing that this 40 kB of code does nothing that building a simple slider (I'm not using jQuery UI at all). Plus: it works more than poorly on mobile devices with Android 2.x.x (a bit better on Android 4.1.x).
So, I was urgent need for an alternative. Thanks to Stack Overflow, I came across noUiSlider — jQuery Range Slider. And immediately felt in love with it.
What can we expect more? Not much, but noUiSlider has still much more to offer. It is completely customizable, with impressive set of options and easy to use styling selectors.
And that: $(".slider").val(); is all you need to read its value. This will return either a number or an array of two numbers, depending on how many handles (handles) you have there.
Value can be read then out of this field / these fields, and you don't have to care, whether user has set value using slider or entered it manually to the field (fields).
Cool, huh? :] More nifty things are possible.
You can turn your slider into two-state toggle — popular (especially in mobiles) alternative to checkbox.
Checkout homepage to see, how to turn noUiSlider into image gallery navigator, still with one line of code.
The best part is of course about "lightweight". When gzipped, the minified noUiSlider plugin, including the default 'fox' theme, is just 2.74 kB. Without gzipping, it is only twice as much, that is — about 5 kB.
Last words are about styling. You'll find all this info on homepage, but it is easy to be missed, so I repeat it here. noUiSlider comes with two, separate styles: noUiSlider.fox.css and noUiSlider.space.css.
First is default one, that you see at project's page. Second is more future-like (at least in my opinion), but it also allows saving some space. You can check, how sliders would look like, when on project's main page, in a floating toolbar, you switch Fox to Space.
1 August 2013: I was really, really amazed, when looking at examples given on noUiSlider homepage. That's why I wrote this article, before even trying to test noUiSlider locally. And I was punished, as it turned out, that it is actually not working at all.
This is very strange situation. Actually, I don't recall any similar, that examples given on webpage works like a charm, and when moved to local side fails to work at all. But I thoroughly tested the issue and found, what I've found. So, if you're interested in using this slider, simply test, if it really works and fit your projects.
You can consider ubilabs/mobile-range-slider as an alternative.
26 August 2013: noUiSlider has been updated to version 4.00 and all reported bugs seems to be fixed.


text:
We ensure the passenger and freight train operating companies have fair access to the rail network – and that best use is made of capacity.
If a railway operator wants to access the railway network, they have to apply to us for a track access agreement with Network Rail.
We regulate access to station and light maintenance depots by approving station and depot access agreements.
If a railway operator wants to access the railway network, they have to apply to us for a track access agreement. This section sets out our guidance and policies on regulating infrastructure access.
This section contains further details on each infrastructure manager that we regulate. It includes information on track access contract applications and decisions relating to each infrastructure manager.
Regulating access to station and light maintenance depots by approving station and depot access agreements.
This page contains guidance on how to make an appeal, as well as decisions we have made on appeals.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Italy's Vincenzo Nibali celebrated victory with his team-mates following the twenty first stage of the 2014 Tour de France.
Vincenzo Nibali has completed his victory in the 2014 Tour de France.
The 29-year-old Italian finished safely in the peloton to succeed Briton Chris Froome as Tour champion.
The Shark, as he has long been known, became the first Italian since Marco Pantani in 1998 to win the Tour de France but his success will have surprised no-one who knew him as a child.
Ever since falling in love with cycling as a boy in Messina, he not only had his heart set on becoming a professional cyclist, he was convinced of the fact.
It was just such single-minded determination that would eventually produce the Tour de France champion.
When he set out at the beginning of this season, Nibali had only one goal in his mind.
"All season I was focussing on the Tour while other riders tried to be strong in every race," he said.
The Italian's performance at this Tour has been consistently, yet not dramatically, better than the competition.
He never lost a single second on any stage to any of his overall rivals.
"Every day I've taken a few seconds, 20 seconds here, 30 seconds there, maybe a minute and that's been important in building my lead," he said.
He has gradually pulled away from the field rather than blitzing them in a single demonstration of his superiority.
It has made Nibali perhaps the most credible Tour winner since the darkest days of doping.


Following a £5 million refurbishment, the Hallmark is now a relaxed boutique-style hotel, in a quiet location, less than 3 miles from Manchester Airport and close to road and train networks.
The Hallmark Hotel Manchester has a range of stylish rooms, all featuring comfortable beds, a 32-inch flat-screen TV with Freeview digital channels, tea/coffee making facilities and modern private bathrooms with showers.
For the business traveller, Hallmark Hotel Manchester makes working away stress free with complimentary Internet access, a spacious working desk and a comfortable chair in each room.
A spacious room with double or twin beds and good levels of natural daylight. All rooms benefit from a 32'' plasma TV with Freeview, modern decor with chenille throws and FREE WiFi. Complimentary access to Health Club & Spa and FREE car parking are included.
All executive rooms have a lounge area with bed settee, large en–suite, 32" flat TV, comfortable working space, tea & coffee making facilities, FREE Internet access, bathrobes, chocolate-dipped strawberries, half a bottle of red wine, FREE car parking and use of Health Club & Spa.
Restaurant, Bar, 24-Hour Front Desk, Grounds, Non-Smoking Rooms, Elevator, Baggage Storage, All Public and Private spaces non-smoking.
Sauna, Fitness Center, Solarium, Massage, Jacuzzi, Hammam, Indoor Swimming Pool.
Room Service, Meeting/Banquet Facilities, Laundry, Dry Cleaning, Hair/Beauty Salon, Packed Lunches, Fax/Photocopying.
Stayed here for a week while visiting parents. The Expedia rate was a bargain, so much so that we were worried about what the hotel would be like. As it turned out we had a great stay - room was nice, staff were very helpful. Great selection of channels for TV addicts! The area the hotel is in is a quiet one, but super-handy for the bypass. Not a great neighborhood if you want to walk to restaurants but we enjoyed the peace and quiet.
Stayed during Easter on a dinner bed and breakfast rate. Had a fantastic stay. Gym facilities are very good. Didn't get time for a spa treatment. Dinner in the restaurant was amazing. Food excellent and staff so friendly and efficient. Nothing too much trouble. Really recommend staying here and look forward to my next visit.


text:
You are here St. John Health System Jane Phillips Medical Center About News
Phone 918-333-7200 Contact
Bluestem Foundation
Holy Cross Chapel
Patient and Visitor Info
Redbud Café
Requesting Medical Records
Health For Life Fitness Center
Intravenous Unit
Nowata Health Center
Regional Home Care
Transition Clinic
Wellness Connection
Jane Phillips Inaugural FlowCo Half Marathon Held Saturday
Bartlesville, Okla. (May 6, 2017) — Beautiful weather and a park setting welcomed more than 240 runners to the Jane Phillips Medical Center's inaugural FLOWCo half marathon on Saturday. The event was Bartlesville's only half-marathon distance race. The race started and finished in Johnstone Park and featured a paved USATF sanctioned/certified course with electronic timing by Tatur.
David Carter (Tulsa) finished first with a time of 1:28:06, 28 seconds ahead of second place finisher Leon Foust who finished in 1:28:34. Brad Maudlin came in third with a time of 1:30:55.
Top finisher in the women's division was Jennifer Pregler (Bartlesville) crossing the finish line with a time of 1:37:43. Second place went to Jessica Barr with a time of 1:37:51 and Angela Highfield finished third in 1:40:24.
David Carter earned the male overall winner title and Jennifer Pregler won the female overall winner title. Each received a trophy.
Medals were awarded to the top three men/women in each USATF standard age group. All participants completing the half marathon received a participation medal. For a complete list of runners and their times, please visit the Tatur race website.
"We are thrilled to be able to offer this half marathon to Bartlesville and surrounding communities and states and are very pleased with the success of the event," said Jessica Krause, FLOWCo coordinator and race director. Runners registered from Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, Arkansas, Texas and Pennsylvania. The Jane Phillips FLOWCo half marathon was listed as one of the Oklahoma half marathons for the 50 states/50 half marathons club.
"We are most grateful to the runners who came from near and far and our race sponsors for their support," said Mike Moore, Jane Phillips Medical Center president and chief operating officer. "We are excited to join together to support the FLOWCo program to provide free community fitness programs to help improve the health of our community."
"A big thank you goes to all the volunteers who helped with the race," said Krause. "This was a big undertaking and each one helped to make it a success."
FLOWCo is a project of the Preventative Health Partnership (PHP), a sub-committee of the Washington County Wellness Initiative, and is sponsored by the City of Bartlesville, Jane Phillips Medical Center, and the Washington County Health Department. PHP implements programs like FLOWCo to promote an environment of safe and healthy lifestyles to improve the poor ranking in health behavior and outcome statistics for Washington County.
Physician Referral Physician Referral Physician Referral


Rec Camp is specifically designed for rec level players who want to have a fun week of training with VSA licensed coaches. The camp will provide a great opportunity for players to take their game to the next level as they will participate in technical training sessions and small sided games. The camp will also include speed and agility and ball mastery warm ups.


text:
Q: Tkinter child window sleeps after Call, but shouldn't unlike the progress bar that doesn't Im trying to make a progress bar for a tool im developing. I wanted to make a little progress bar and slow down the progress a bit so I can see the individual steps the program does.The window gets opened by a button, the window contains delay statements after every step BUT instead of opening the window and doing the steps with delay, the window opening gets delayed after the button press and the bar is instantly at 100%.
Ideal scenario:
Button press
Window opens
first check -> adding 10 to the bar
second check -> "     "      "
......
all checks done = full bar -> start game
I tried it with sleep too,but no effect either
def start():
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.geometry('300x120')
    root.title('Progressbar Demo')

    def update_progress_label():            #progress update funktion
        return f"Current Progress: {pb['value']}%"

    def progress(x):                #function handling the progress management
        if pb['value'] < 100:
            pb['value'] += x
            #sleep(2)
            value_label['text'] = update_progress_label()

        #else:
            #root.destroy()
            #os.startfile(rf"{path1}")

    def stop():                     #clear the progress bar
        pb.stop()
        value_label['text'] = update_progress_label()

    def delay():                #delay of 2 secs, calls progress after that
        root.after(2000, progress(10))

        # root window

    # progressbar
    pb = ttk.Progressbar(
        root,
        orient='horizontal',
        mode='determinate',
        length=280
    )

    # place the progressbar
    pb.grid(column=0, row=0, columnspan=2, padx=10, pady=20)

    # label
    value_label = ttk.Label(root, text=update_progress_label())
    value_label.grid(column=0, row=1, columnspan=2)

    # start button
    start_button = ttk.Button(
        root,
        text='Progress',
        command=progress
    )
    start_button.grid(column=0, row=2, padx=10, pady=10, sticky=tk.E)

    stop_button = ttk.Button(
        root,
        text='Stop',
        command=stop
    )
    stop_button.grid(column=1, row=2, padx=10, pady=10, sticky=tk.W)

    config.read(file)
    #progress(14)                #adding 14% progress to the bar
    delay()                     #here im faking the progress steps
    path1 = config.get('MySection', 'gamepath')
    #progress(10)
    delay()
    path2 = config.get('MySection', 'system_path1')
    #progress(9)
    delay()
    path3 = config.get('MySection', 'system_path2')
    #progress(15)

    if os.path.isfile(path1):
        #progress(17)
        delay()
    # sleep(2)
    if os.path.isfile(path2):
        #progress(15)
        delay()
    # sleep(3)

    if os.path.isfile(path3):
        #progress(20)
        delay()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Diana Pardo Pedraza
Ethnographer, Educator, and Dog-lover
Suspicious Landscapes
Suspicious Landscapes: Humanitarian Demining and Peace Laboratories in Rural Colombia
My current project, Suspicious Landscapes: Humanitarian Demining and Peace Laboratories in Rural Colombia, is an ethnography study of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and mine clearance in times of suspended war and peace. With the aid of ethnographic concepts, I explore experimental practices of political reconciliation built around humanitarian efforts to demine territories formerly ravaged by wars. Empirically, I study the relations between anti-personnel mines, former foes (guerrilla members and soldiers from the Colombian army), war-affected peasant communities, and demining experts –including mine-sniffing dogs.
This research is based on two years of fieldwork among participants in a Pilot Project for Humanitarian Demining. Touted as a 'peace laboratory,' the Pilot Project was an initiative to experiment "on the ground" the possibility of an alliance between enemies that were still at war. It hoped to create relations of trust, collaboration, and reconciliation among them and peasants trapped in the middle of the crossfire. Through this joint work, they were to create and escalate relations of trust, collaboration, and reconciliation among them. The humanitarian and political goal of the demining project was to remake rural landscapes and re-enable peasant life. My research demonstrates that these efforts were fraught with tensions, challenges, and aporias. Troubles abound, and (war) residuals may remain. What reconciliation, development, and peace may become is, therefore, still at stake. The possibilities are unfinished.
Check my future research project, Senses in Translation.


text:
world 16
Trump says will sign executive order to avoid family separations
AFP, Published on 21/06/2018
» WASHINGTON - US President Donald Trump said Wednesday he would sign an executive order to keep migrant families together at the border with Mexico, amid an escalating uproar over the separation of children from their parents.
At US border, children 'cry and scream' for mothers
» EL PASO (UNITED STATES) - Children separated from their parents at the US-Mexico border "cry and scream" for their mothers, reaching out for them through the chain-link pens where they are being held, a pediatrician who has visited several Texas processing centers said in an interview.
Donald Trump digs in on immigration, then does about-face
» WASHINGTON - Faced with the disturbing images of migrant children separated from their parents at the US border with Mexico that have shocked America and the world, President Donald Trump did not flinch for a long time.
Strike a pose for International Yoga Day
» NEW DELHI: Downward-facing dogs, cobras and warriors were set to sprout all over the world Thursday, as the fourth annual International Yoga Day got under way.
May calls for 'free elections' in Thailand
» LONDON: British Prime Minister Theresa May called for "free and open elections" in Thailand as she met with Prime Minister Prayut Chan-O-Cha in London on Wednesday.
Pressure on Messi against Croatia after Ronaldo scores again at World Cup
» VOLGOGRAD (RUSSIA) - Lionel Messi is under increased pressure to redeem himself when Argentina face Croatia in Thursday's pivotal match after eternal rival Cristiano Ronaldo scored his fourth goal of the World Cup to send Morocco packing.
Eurozone ministers seek end to Greece bailout odyssey
» LUXEMBOURG - Eurozone ministers will on Thursday try to resolve their differences over the terms of Greece's departure from its massive bailout programme with splits over the degree of debt relief needed by cash-strapped Athens.
Antarctic researchers mark winter solstice with icy plunge
» SYDNEY - Scientists based in Antarctica welcomed the winter solstice by plunging into icy waters Thursday as part of a "mad tradition" heralding the return of brighter days after weeks of darkness.
Strike a pose: International Yoga Day stretches around world
» NEW DELHI - Downward-facing dogs, cobras and warriors sprouted all over Asia on Thursday, as the fourth annual International Yoga Day got under way.
Killing dogs for meat illegal, rules S. Korean court
» SEOUL - A South Korean court has outlawed the killing of dogs for meat, in a landmark ruling that animal rights activists said Thursday could pave the way to making eating canines illegal.


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I'm an RV-er and industry enthusiast. I love helping newcomers break into the lifestyle and overcome the early roadblocks. The same goes for camping and hiking, as well as learning to enjoy wine and beer with your food! If you're looking for help with any of these topics, let me know!
It's difficult to create content that is easily understood and yet captivating - it isn't often you read a whitepaper you want to peruse a second time, or find a brochure that inspires you to make a purchase decision or commit to a business relationship. That's why I find deep satisfaction from making content that answers your unique needs. It needs to be simultaneously persuasive and factual, effortless to consume, and inspire the audience's confidence and repeat business - all while matching your brand.
Writing B2B copy presents me the opportunity to solve my clients' unique problems with each new project. Whether you need a series of brochures to educate a sales force or an in-depth case study to tell the narrative of a successful relationship, I'll help you formulate a plan and generate content that delivers what you need.
With over a decade of experience in tech sales, customer service, and insurance, I'm able to break down complicated processes and jargon into simple ideas that your customer or sales force will understand. Use the button beneath to reach out and start a conversation with me.


Sept. 29 - Hundreds of shops burn in the ancient covered market of the Old City of Aleppo, declared a world heritage site by UNESCO. Deborah Lutterbeck reports.
Hundreds of shops are in flames in the ancient covered market of the Old City of Aleppo Saturday. The flames threaten to destroy a UNESCO world heritage site. The video, which could not be independently verified by Reuters, comes as activists say the fire may have been started by heavy shelling and gunfire Friday. As many as 1,000 shops had been destroyed so far. An estimated 30,000 people have been killed in the conflict. Beyond the human cost of the uprising, many of Syria's historic treasures have fallen victim to the 18-month-old conflict. On Thursday, rebels fighting to topple President Bashar al-Assad announced a new offensive in Aleppo. But so far neither side appears to have made significant gains in Syria's largest city. The British-based Observatory for Human Rights says government forces and rebels are blaming each other for the blaze.


text:
An ornithological handbook is a book (or series of books) giving summarised information either about the birds of a particular geographical area or a particular taxonomic group of birds. Some handbooks cover many aspects of their subjects' biology, whereas others focus on specific topics, particularly identification.

List of ornithological handbooks with a worldwide scope
 Handbook of the Birds of the World
 The Bird families of the world series
 The Helm Identification Guides series

List of ornithological handbooks with a geographic scope
 The Birds of Africa
 The Birds of the Malay Peninsula
 Birds of North America
 The Birds of South America
 Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide
 Birds of the Western Palearctic
Handbook of Western Palearctic Birds: Passerines: A Photographic Guide (Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd, 2018)
 Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds, the standard text of Australian ornithology, abbreviated as HANZAB
 Birds of Western Australia, the handbook by Serventy and Whittell, published in 1948 through five editions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Werner Geeser (16 February 1948 – 9 September 2011) was a Swiss cross-country skier. He competed in the Men's 30 kilometres and 50 kilometres events at the 1972 Winter Olympics.

See also
 Cross-country skiing at the 1972 Winter Olympics

References

External links

1948 births
2011 deaths
People from Plessur District
Cross-country skiers at the 1972 Winter Olympics
Swiss male cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers of Switzerland
Sportspeople from Graubünden


text:
Q: PendingIntent is triggered earlier than I intended I have a problem developing an alarm clock in Android.
When I trigger PendingIntent containing an Activity which MUST be launched at the scheduled time, it works well.
However, when the alarm is ringing and I press snooze for 5 minutes and trigger the SAME Activity with different request code, it launches right after I press snooze.
Here is the part of my source code in PushActivity:
private void setAlarm() {
    final int FIVE_MINUTES = 1000 * 60 * 5;
    int replacedCode = alarmCode + 1;
    attempt = attempt+1;
    AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
    Intent intent = new Intent(this, PushActivity.class);
    PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(PushActivity.this,
            replacedCode, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT);
    alarmManager.set(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP, FIVE_MINUTES,
    pendingIntent);
}

A: The time value for set() with an alarm type of ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP needs to be specified based on SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(). If you are looking to do something five minutes from now, use SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()+FIVE_MINUTES, not just FIVE_MINUTES.


text:
Criminal Justice: Over...
Criminal Justice: Overview
Rudolph Alexander Jr.
Addictions and Substance Use, Criminal Justice, Policy and Advocacy
Components of the Criminal Justice System
State Legislatures and Congress
Controversies within the Criminal Justice System
Racial and Ethnic Disparities Exist in the Criminal Justice System
Social Workers' Involvement in the Criminal Justice System
Criminal Justice: Criminal Courts
Criminal Justice: Corrections
Section "Law Enforcement" expanded with new content. Statistical information updated throughout the article.
Updated on 2 June 2014. The previous version of this content can be found here.
The criminal justice system traces its roots to ancient times. When the 13 original colonies were formed, they brought many of the laws and legal processes from England. Traditionally, the criminal justice system is viewed as including law enforcement, judiciary, and corrections. However, state legislatures and Congress must be viewed as essential components of the criminal justice system because they pass laws that influence the other three components. A number of controversial practices and policies exist within the criminal justice system. Social work, which has had a long involvement in the criminal justice system, including spearheading the creation of the juvenile justice system in the United States, is involved in all phases of the criminal justice system.
Keywords: law enforcement, probation, parole, judiciary, corrections, capital punishment, restorative justice
The criminal justice system traces its roots to the Sumerian Code and the Code of Hammurabi (Allen, Latessa, & Ponder, 2013). When the American colonies formed, they transported many criminal laws and practices from England. Children and adults were dealt with similarly by the early, fledgling criminal justice system. Child-care advocates from the Progressive Era were able to initiate some separation of children from adults during the development of reformatory institutions. In Chicago in the late 19th century, social workers from Hull-House provided educational services to youth in detention centers. These settlement house workers envisioned a system just for juveniles and collaborated with the Chicago Bar Association and the Illinois Conference of Charities and Corrections to lobby successfully the Illinois legislature to create the first juvenile court in 1899 (Alexander, 1997). Demonstrating the influence of the settlement workers at Hull-House, the first juvenile court was located across the street; the first juvenile court probation officer was a settlement house worker from Hull-House (Alexander). In the 1920s settlement house workers from Cleveland, Ohio, advocated for women who were incarcerated at the Ohio Reformatory for Women, as did other social workers who were actively involved with discharge planning for adult offenders (Alexander, Butler, & Sias, 1993).
Traditionally, the criminal justice system has been envisioned as consisting of three components: law enforcement, judiciary, and corrections. Law enforcement officers, represented by the police, arrest offenders. The judiciary tries these offenders and determines whether they are guilty or not guilty. For those offenders who are adjudicated guilty, corrections manage them by probation, incarceration, and parole. Corrections may be further divided into institution based (that is, prison or reformatories) and community based (that is, probation, parole, home confinement, and residential program).
Another important component of the criminal justice system is the legislative arena, which includes state legislatures and Congress. State legislatures and Congress determine behaviors that are criminal in the first place and the sentences to be meted out for those found or pleading guilty. For instance, stalking, computer solicitation of sex with a minor, viewing child pornography on the Internet, and racketeering are relatively new crimes. Legislatures have passed laws that have created new categories of crime, for example, related to various forms of sexual assault and drug possession.
Some laws have been changed to decrease the number of offenders, such as possession of small amounts of marijuana and the killing of one's spouse in response to domestic abuse.
Police officers, deputies, state troopers, border patrols, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) make arrests and initially charge individuals. Most law enforcement officers see their jobs as to protect and serve the community. In 2011, there were 698,460 law enforcement officers (FBI, 2012). Of this total, 88.2% were male and 11.8% were female (FBI, 2012). In 2012, 48 law enforcement officers were killed feloniously in the line of duty (FBI, 2013a). Twenty-two of these officers were killed in the South (FBI, 2013a).
The best source for determining the number of crimes in the United States is data collected by the FBI for the Uniform Crime Reports and the National Crime Victim Survey (Allen et al., 2013). These data tell us whether crime has increased or decreased over the past year. However, some crimes are not known to the police or are underreported; some do not have individual victims; and some victims may not report crimes, such as domestic assaults.
Since the 1930s, the FBI has submitted yearly reports about statistics regarding yearly arrests for various crimes. Local jurisdictions report their arrests in their jurisdictions. Although not every jurisdiction in the United States participates in this activity, most do, and the Uniform Crime Report offers the best official statistics about crimes in the United States. However, there are still some crimes that are not reported to local law enforcement. Crimes are categorized into Part I crimes, the most serious, and Part II crimes, the other serious crimes. Part I crimes are also called index crimes. These Part I or index crimes are murder/manslaughter, rape, armed robbery, aggravated assault, arson, burglary, larceny–theft, and motor vehicle theft. These crimes are further broken down into violent or personal crimes, consisting of murder, rape, armed robbery, and aggravated assault. Property crimes are grouped; this grouping entails arson, burglary, larceny–theft, and motor vehicle theft. Part II crimes are all crimes that are not considered Part I crimes. The number of crimes is presented by rate, typically per 100,000, which allows comparison of large cities with small cities.
Overall, in 2012, citizens committed 1,214,462 violent crimes, an increase of approximately 0.7% from the amount of violent crimes in 2011 (FBI, 2013b). Still, the number of crimes in 2012 was almost 13% lower than the number of crimes in 2008 and 12% lower than the number of crimes in 2003 (FBI, 2013b). In 2013, the overall violent crime rate was 386.9 violent crimes per 100,000, similar to the rate of violent crimes in 2011 (FBI, 2013b). Of violent crimes, aggravated assaults accounted for 63% reported to law enforcement in 2012; 29% were robberies, almost 7% were rape, and 1.12% were murder (FBI, 2013b). Firearms were used in approximately 70% of murders, 41% of robberies, and 22% of aggravated assaults (FBI, 2013b). In 2012, 84,376 forcible rapes were reported to law enforcement, constituting 52.9 per 100,000 females (FBI, 2013b). The number of rapes was about 0.2% higher than in 2011, 7% lower than in 2008, and 10% lower than in 2003 (FBI, 2013b).
To improve data collection regarding crime, the FBI created the National Incident-Based Reporting System. Its purpose is to improve data collection from the Uniform Crime Report. The system provides more detailed information for each single crime occurrence. Employed to its full potential at the agency level, the National Incident-Based Reporting System tells precisely when and where a crime takes place, what form it takes, and the characteristics of its victims and perpetrators. This system is better able to assess the scope of the nation's crime problem. For example, in 2012 there were 5,001,060 criminal incidents in the United States (FBI, 2013c). This total yielded 5,734,653 offenses, 6,050,049 victims, and 4,556,193 known offenders (FBI, 2013c).
On a directive from Congress, in 1992 the FBI began reporting data on hate crimes in the United States. In 2012, a total of 1,730 law enforcement agencies stated that 6,718 offenses occurred to be categorized as hate; these constituted 5,796 hate crimes (FBI, 2013d). These offenses involved 7,151 victims and 5,322 offenders (FBI, 2013c). Particularly, 49.2% of these hate crimes were racially motivated (FBI, 2013d). The second percentage, 19.2%, was motivated by sexual orientation (FBI, 2013c). Religious bias was third and represented 17.4% (FBI, 2013c). Twelve percent concerned ethnicity or national origin bias (FBI, 2013d). Racially, 66.1% represented anti-bias and 22.4% were anti-White bias (FBI, 2013c). In addition, Sandholtz, Langton, and Planty (2013) reported and compared hates crimes from 2003 to 2006 and from 2007 to 2011. The majority of hate crimes were racially based, comprising over 60% from 2003 to 2006 compared to about 55% from 2007 to 2011 (Sandholtz et al., 2013). Unlike the statistics in the previous paragraph, these researchers had a category of association hate crimes, which represented slightly less than 30% from 2003 to 2006 and slightly more than 30% from 2007 to 2011 (Sandholtz et al.). Religious-based hate crimes increased from 10% from 2003 to 2006 to slightly more than 21% from 2007 to 2011 (Sandholtz et al.). There was a slight increase in hate crimes based on sexual orientation, from 16% from 2003 to 2006 to approximately 18% from 2007 to 2011 (Sandholtz et al.).
The judiciary consists of the trial process, which generally involves the judge, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and juries. However, most cases are decided by plea bargains and only a small number of cases actually go to trial. Estimates are that more than 90% of cases are decided by plea bargains or nolo contendere, that is, a plea meaning that the defendant does not wish to contest the charges (Lynch, 2003). In 2002, a total of 1,114,000 adults were convicted in federal and state courts for felonies. Approximately 94% of this total was in state courts and 69% were sentenced to incarceration either in prison or in the local jails (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006).
The judiciary may decide whether to try a juvenile in juvenile court or adult court. In some states the legislatures have taken this decision out of the hands of prosecutors and judges and mandated that some juveniles and children as young as 12 years be tried as adults if these children have been accused of murder or other very serious offenses (Allard & Young, 2002).
The judiciary is also involved in cases in which a convicted defendant has filed an appeal for his or her conviction or sentence. This is especially so in capital cases where the death penalty has been imposed. A capital case may be in state and federal appellate courts for 15 to 20 years before a death sentence is actually carried out. Often, the U.S. Supreme Court is the final court in a death penalty case but the Court may refuse to intervene and decide a case. Snell (2013) reported that at the end of 2011, a total of 3,082 individuals were under the death sentence. More than half of persons sentenced to death were in California, Florida, Texas, and Pennsylvania (Snell). Most persons under the death sentence were White, a total of 55%; 42% were Black and 14% were Hispanic (Snell). Only 2% of persons under the death sentence were female. From 2000 to 2011, the percentages of persons under the death sentences remained unchanged (Snell).
At the end of 2005, almost 5 million adult men and women were under the control of federal, state, and local probation and parole jurisdictions. Of this total, about 4,162,500 were on probation and about 784,400 were on parole. In terms of incarceration, at the end of 2005, a total of 2,193,798 prisoners were held in federal or state prisons or in local jails. The incarceration rates for racial groups were as follows: African American males, 3,145 per 100,000; Latino males, 1,244 per 100,000; and White males, 471 per 100,000. An analysis of trends shows that incarceration in the United States has increased significantly since the 1970s.
Glaze and Herberman (2013) documented that 6,937,600 offenders were under the supervision of the adult criminal justice system at the end of 2012. This number was the fourth consecutive decline in the correction population (Glaze & Herberman). Although Glaze and Herberman did not report race and sex data in their tables, they did provide data from 2000 to 2012 on placements in community corrections and percentages of crimes for several years. For example, the United States had 3,060 per 100,000 adults supervised by the correctional system in 2000, but that amount decreased to 2,870 per 100,000 in 2012 (Glaze & Herberman). The United States had 2,160 per 100,000 adults under community supervision in 2000 compared to 1,980 adults per 100,000 in 2012 (Glaze & Herberman). In terms of the incarcerated population, there were 920 adults per 100,000 in 2000 compared to 920 per 100, 000 in 2012 (Glaze & Herberman). However, in 2006, 2007, and 2008, the United States had 1,000 adults per 100,000 incarcerated (Glaze & Herberman). According to traditional practice, probation constituted the most utilized sanction by the criminal justice system.
The Bureau of Justice defines probationers as offenders confined in the community in lieu of incarceration as well as those allowed to remain in their homes (often with electronic monitoring). Parolees are offenders supervised in the community after serving a prison term. Parole boards decide whether to release inmates to community-based parole supervision. The federal government and some states have abolished parole.
Legislative bodies are often overlooked as part of the criminal justice system, but they make laws and decide what criminal conduct is. Prior to 1990, there was no law forbidding stalking. A police officer in Ohio was convicted of multiple counts of stalking–fourth-degree felonies (State v. Barnhardt, 2006). In addition, laws regarding computer behaviors have been enacted, and police officers are now on the lookout for cybersex predators. Also, legislatures have authorized adult trials for some children who have been accused of serious crimes, such as school shootings; adult trials have occurred for children as young as 12 years. Since the 1980s, Congress has actively persuaded states to reform some of their laws by tying the receipt of federal funds to changes in states laws. For example, most states have Megan laws, which require states to notify neighbors when sex offenders have moved into their neighborhoods. In addition, some states have passed laws permitting civil commitment of sex offenders to prevent these offenders from being released from prison confinement. Last, some states have passed laws, such as Three Strikes, permitting the sentencing of felons who have been convicted three times to receive life sentences.
A number of controversies exist within the criminal justice system, at all levels and in all components. In law enforcement, the primary criticisms are racial profiling and police brutality. Studies have been conducted on the extent to which race is a factor in police stops of minorities, particularly African Americans, both on streets and on highways. Widely publicized, brutal incidents involving African Americans or people of color and police officers, many of whom are White, make matters worse. Prominent examples include the Rodney King beating by officers in California; the Abner Louima incident, in which a Haitian was sodomized with a stick while in police custody; the Amadou Diallo incident, in which Diallo was fired at 41 times and killed; and more recently, the incident in New York when Sean Bell was shot at more than 50 times and killed after he and his friends left a bachelor party. These incidents, as well as many other incidents that do not make the news but are known within the African American community, make it difficult for law enforcement to establish a collaborative and trusting relationship with the African American community to address crime in the community (Alexander, 2005b).
African Americans are overrepresented among those incarcerated (Mauer, 2006). Reports have been issued on the high number of African Americans who are under the control of prisons, probation, and parole (Mauer). The high number of African Americans in prisons cannot be viewed in isolation because it is the judiciary system that sends them to prisons and it is the law enforcement system, backed sometimes by laws passed by the legislatures, that initiates entrance into the judiciary system.
To illustrate, since the 1980s, differential, and what some characterize as discriminatory, laws punish possession of crack cocaine more seriously than possession of powder cocaine. Cocaine is an expensive drug, and many users are actors, actresses, athletes, and business executives, many of whom are White. Crack cocaine was developed to make cocaine affordable for poor people—poor Whites, Latinos, and African Americans. Crack cocaine is punished more harshly than equal amounts of powered cocaine. With the help of racial profiling, a high number of African Americans are stopped, searched, and arrested for possessing crack cocaine. Although African Americans have complained since the 1980s, most legislatures have failed to act or make the punishments more equal.
To illustrate this point, a U.S. District Court judge, who was a drug policy adviser to the first President Bush and who then advocated for tough laws for crack cocaine crimes, stated that "the policy had gone too far and was undermining faith in the judicial system" (Apuzzo, 2006, p. A7). Trafficking in 500g of powder cocaine carries a five-year sentence but it takes only 5g of crack cocaine to get a sentence of five years—a 100-to-1 disparity. Judge Reggie B. Walton noted that crack is an inner-city drug and cocaine is a suburban drug; the differences in punishment are unconscionable and "contributed to the perception within minority communities that courts are unfair" (Apuzzo, p. A7).
The Federal Sentencing Commission has asked Congress thrice to address the sentencing disparity between cocaine and crack but it had refused to do so. Congress has not even been willing to increase the punishment for cocaine (Apuzzo, 2006), although it proclaimed to have a war on drugs. This failure to increase the penalty for cocaine possession may be attributable to race because it affects mostly Whites (Alexander, 2005b).
However, in 2010, President Obama signed the Fair Sentencing Act, which reduced the disparity between powder cocaine and crack cocaine (Lee, 2010). In 2013, President Obama used this law to reduce the sentences of 8 federal prisoners and pardoned 13 others (Flatow, 2013).
Some observers point to the high number of African Americans involved in drugs, violent crimes, and weapons possession as to why there are disproportionately more African Americans than Whites in prison. Alexander (2005b) points out that Whites commit most of the violent crimes in the United States, use the most drugs, and are more likely to be arrested for possessing weapons. The FBI defines serious crimes or Part I crimes as (a) murder or manslaughter, (b) rape, (c) aggravated assault, (d) armed robbery, (e) burglary, (f) arson, and (g) theft; violent crimes include the first four. In 2003, 61% of those arrested for violent crimes were White and 37% were African American (U.S. Department of Justice, 2004). Although this pattern has been shown consistently, many Americans still believe that African Americans are responsible for the most serious crimes in the United States. As an illustration, African Americans constitute approximately 33% of persons arrested for sex crimes, but they are frequently depicted as the common rapists, an image that has a long history in the United States. However, although Whites are more likely to be arrested for drug crimes and weapons possession, they do not go to prison in numbers comparable to their arrests. The same pattern is found among White juveniles; they too are not committed to juvenile incarceration proportionately.
Snyder (2012) presented a fairly comprehensive table on arrests. It described the number of arrests by sex, race, and perpetrator status, including whether the perpetrator was an adult or juvenile. As an illustration, in 2010, a total of 9,792,190 males were arrested compared to 3,329,920 females. Of the total number of arrests, 11,479,470 adults were arrested and 1,642,650 juveniles. By race, 9,122, 010 were White and 3,655,620 were Black. The statistics involving race mirrored the statistics and arguments made by Alexander (2006). Some conservatives explain the overrepresentation of Blacks in the criminal justice system as being the result of Blacks committing more violent crimes, carrying weapons illegally, and being involved with drugs. Alexander (2006) disputes this assertion. Of the most serious crimes in 2010, the only crime in which Blacks exceed Whites was robbery, 62,020 to 48,310 (Snyder). The murder numbers were slightly higher for Whites than for Blacks, 5,540 to 5,430 (Snyder). For forcible rape, Whites outnumbered Blacks by 13,210 to 6,300 (Snyder) and Whites also outnumbered Blacks in arrests for aggravated assaults, 260,770 to 136,400 (Snyder). In terms of drugs, there were 1,093,910 Whites arrested and 519,830 Blacks (Snyder). For weapons violations, 92,630 Whites were arrested compared to 63,710 Blacks (Snyder).
It may not be well known that many African Americans are incarcerated in prisons located in rural areas; as a result, their incarceration benefits rural communities for census purposes and grants obtained at the expense of urban areas from where most prisoners come. Stinebrickner-Kauffman (2004) was one of the first to question the legality of the census bureau counting prisoners where they are incarcerated. Alexander (2005a), picking up on Stinebrickner-Kauffman's argument, explored other implications of this phenomenon, noting how additional monies have been used to help rural communities. He argued that most offenders commit their crimes in their own communities and in fact have damaged their communities. Thus, if money is generated from incarceration, then it should go to the community in which the damage has been done. In fact, this is the central argument of restorative justice, which seeks to motivate offenders to repair the harm they have done to the community (Alexander, 2006).
There is also the issue of the collateral damage done to the African American community by the get-tough-on-crime campaigns (Mauer, 2003, 2006). Convictions and imprisonment for a large number of African Americans carry considerable damage, such as loss of voting rights and employment discrimination. Pager (2003) sought to test the impact of an antidiscrimination law in Wisconsin that banned discrimination against ex-felons when the convictions had nothing to do with a job being sought. She tested for entry-level jobs requiring only a high school education. On the basis of a tactic long used to detect housing discrimination by landlords, Pager gave Whites and African Americans the same profile of drug convictions and prison sentences. She then gave another group of Whites and African Americans no criminal records when they applied for jobs in the city of Milwaukee. Her dependent variable was whether an employer called the applicant offering a job after the interview. Pager found that 34% of Whites without records received callbacks, compared with 17% of Whites with a criminal record. For African Americans, 14% of those who had no criminal records received callbacks, compared with 5% of African Americans with criminal records. Simply put, a White man with a criminal record has a better chance of getting a job than does an African American man without a criminal record. This discrimination occurred in a state with protective legislation, which means that discrimination may be worse in states without such laws.
Other controversial issues in the criminal justice system involve sex offenders and especially child molesters. Indeed, some child sex offenders have killed children in the process of assaulting and molesting them. As a result, there has been an outcry to pass legislation that protects children. The two most popular laws have been community notification and restriction of sex offenders from living too close to schools, playgrounds, and community centers (Hundley, 2007). Quoting Allison Taylor, the executive director of the Council on Sex Offender Treatment of the Texas Department of State Health Services, Hundley reported that sexual assaults cannot be stopped by passing an ordinance and there is no evidence that proximity to a school, playground, or child-care center contributed to recidivism by sex offenders. To date, no study has reported that these measures effectively protect children. Children are more likely to be sexually molested by a family member, a neighbor who is not a convicted child molester, a teacher, or a coach (Alexander, 2004). Further, the more popular laws concerning where offenders can live establish 1,000 feet as the boundary. But no research has been reported that shows that children are more likely to be molested within 1,000 feet as opposed to more than 1,000 feet away (Alexander, 2010).
Capital punishment also remains a controversial issue. Society has endeavored to find the most humane method of executing prisoners. In these endeavors, various forms of executions have been tried and subsequently abandoned, including firing squad, hanging, the gas chamber, and the electric chair. Lethal injection was believed to be the most humane method of execution, but even that has come under attack because of some botched executions in Florida and California, wherein executioners could not find veins. Moreover, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that executing individuals who were younger than 18 years of age at the time they committed their crimes violated the cruel and unusual clause of the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (Roper v. Simmons, 2005). In addition, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that executing someone who is mentally retarded also violated the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment (Atkins v. Virginia, 2002). Advocates are seeking a further narrowing of capital punishment by arguing that it is cruel and unusual to execute individuals who were mentally ill at the time they committed their crimes.
Another issue involving capital punishment is that many prisoners have been released from death row and prison because of wrongful convictions. Much of the impetus to this movement has been generated by the Innocence Project, headed by Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld (The Innocence Project, 2007). This project focuses on using DNA to prove that some convicted persons on death row and in prison were in fact innocent of their crimes. The Innocence Project has a web site where it keeps a running total of the persons who have been exonerated. Special issues in criminal justice and law review journals have been devoted to wrongful convictions (Alexander, 2007).
As social work was emerging as a profession in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, some social workers expressed doubts about workers being involved in the criminal justice system because of the lack of self-determination of clients and possible conflicts with social-work values (Alexander, 1997). Criminal justice is not the most popular area for practice among social-work students and professionals. Lennon (2005) reported that only 713 of 26,137 undergraduate students (2.7%) and only 798 of 37,052 postgraduate students (2.2%) were placed in field settings involving criminal justice.
Still, social workers occupy a number of positions inside and related to the criminal justice system. Social workers are employed as institutional counselors and juvenile and adult probation and parole officers. One of the more prominent positions held by social workers is victims' advocate in the legal process. As society became more responsive to victims and their families, a number of prosecutors' offices began to employ social workers to assist and support victims and families in the courtrooms during trials, at sentencing, and at the time of parole hearings.
In prisons, social workers are typically employed in mental-health units to work with inmates with psychiatric problems. In some states, social workers have become prison wardens.
Some social workers are employed by public defenders offices to work with indigent defendants who need mental-health treatment, substance-abuse treatment, or other specialized services. Also, in the area of employee assistance programs, some social workers have contact with law enforcement officers and provide counseling to them. The counseling may help police officers address challenging issues in their personal lives or difficulty coping with a traumatic incident, such as a shooting.
Social workers must address issues of limits of confidentiality with a duty to warn. As an example, the U.S. Supreme Court case of Jaffee v. Redmond et al. (1996) involved the issue of whether a social worker's counseling with an officer was protected as privileged information. In this case, a police officer shot and killed a man and saw a social worker to deal with the trauma. The officer was sued by the family of the deceased, and the plaintiff's lawyer attempted to get the information from the social worker, setting up a legal issue for the U.S. Supreme Court to decide.
Social workers have been prominent in the area of restorative justice—a growing trend. One web site reported the addresses of 86 organizations that embraced some aspects of restorative justice (Restorative Justice Online, 2005). Within the School of Social Work at the University of Minnesota, social workers have established the Center for Restorative Justice and Mediation. Furthermore, numerous social workers have written about restorative justice (Adams, 2004; Beck & Britto, 2006; Burford & Adams, 2004; Gumz, 2004; Holtquist, 1999; Umbreit, Coates, & Vos, 2004; van Wormer, 2003, 2006).
In conclusion, the criminal justice system has expanded considerably since the 1970s. The United States incarcerates a high number of its citizens, with minorities being overrepresented in the prison system. Furthermore, the United States executes more persons than other industrialized countries do. Social workers played a prominent role in the creation of the first juvenile court in 1899 and currently act as victims' advocates with the legal system. Recently, social workers have played a prominent role in humanizing the criminal justice system by espousing and embracing restorative justice.
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van Wormer, K. (2006). The case for restorative justice: A crucial adjunct to the social work curriculum. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 26(3/4), 57–69.Find this resource:
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College of Social Work, The Ohio State University


RICHMOND, Va. -- NewMarket Corporation (NYSE:NEU) President and Chief Executive Officer, Thomas E. Gottwald, released the following earnings report of the Company's operations for the third quarter and first nine months of 2012.
Net income for the third quarter of 2012 amounted to $64.7 million, or $4.83 per share, compared to net income of $71.4 million, or $5.22 per share, for the third quarter of last year. For the first nine months of this year, net income was $186.5, or $13.91 per share, compared to net income of $173.2 million, or $12.54 per share, for the same period last year.
As reflected on the following Summary of Earnings, results for the third quarter and first nine months periods of both this year and last year include certain special items. These items are presented individually on the following Summary of Earnings and discussed more fully on the financial statements and footnotes that are a part of this earnings release.
Excluding these special items from all periods, earnings for the third quarter of 2012 of $65.8 million, or $4.91 per share, increased 19 percent over earnings for the third quarter of last year of $55.4 million, or $4.06 per share. On the same basis, earnings for the first nine months of 2012 were $196.1 million, or $14.62 per share, an improvement of 23 percent compared to last year's results of $159.2 million, or $11.52 per share. Earnings per share for the third quarter and first nine months of this year on this basis increased 21 percent and 27 percent, respectively.
For the third quarter of this year, petroleum additives operating profit was $96.3 million, an improvement of 15 percent over third quarter last year, excluding the 2011 gain on legal settlement. Petroleum additives operating profit of $122.8 million and $288.9 million for last year's third quarter and first nine months, respectively, included a $38.7 million before-tax gain on a legal settlement. Sales of petroleum additives for the third quarter of this year were $547.7 million, down slightly compared to sales for the third quarter of last year of $552.0 million while shipments for this third quarter were essentially flat with last year's period. For the first nine months of this year, petroleum additives operating profit increased to $300.4 million, an improvement of 20 percent over the same period last year, excluding the 2011 gain on legal settlement. For the first nine months of this year, sales increased to $1,689.6 million, an improvement of approximately 4 percent over sales of $1,627.4 million for nine months 2011 while shipments were down approximately 3 percent for the period.
Our business continues to generate strong cash flows enabling us to reduce debt $99.3 million since the beginning of this year. In the same period, cash has increased $29.3 million and other working capital is up $41.6 million.
Our petroleum additives business continues its strong performance. Our customer focused solutions and technology-driven product offerings are two of the key fundamentals of our continued success. We continue to increase our investment in research and development as evidence of our commitment to these goals. Our financial condition continues to grow stronger, enhancing our position for future growth and ability to improve shareholder value.
The earnings for both the third quarter and first nine months of this year and last year include an expense from an interest rate swap related to the financing on Foundry Park resulting from the Company valuing the swap agreement at fair value at the end of each reporting period. The first nine months of this year also include a loss on the early extinguishment of debt. The third quarter and first nine months of last year include a gain on a legal settlement. The Company is reporting net income including these special items, as well as income excluding them, and related per share amounts in the Summary of Earnings included in the earnings release. The Company has also included the non-GAAP financial measure EBITDA in this earnings release. A schedule following the financial statements included in this earnings release is provided reflecting the calculation of EBITDA, defined as Net income, before the deduction of interest and financing expenses, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is shown on the schedule both including and excluding the items noted above. The Company believes that even though these special items are not required by or presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), these additional measures enhance understanding of the Company's performance and period to period comparability. The Company believes that these items should not be considered an alternative to net income determined under GAAP.
As a reminder, a conference call and Internet webcast is scheduled for 10:00 a.m. EDT on Friday, October 26, 2012, to review third quarter and first nine months 2012 financial results. You can access the conference call live by dialing 1-877-407-9210 (domestic) or 1-201-689-8049 (international) and requesting the NewMarket conference call. To avoid delays, callers should dial in five minutes early. The call will also be broadcast via the Internet and can be accessed through the Company's website at www.NewMarket.com or www.investorcalendar.com. A teleconference replay of the call will be available until November 2, 2012 at 11:59 p.m. EDT by dialing 1-877-660-6853 (domestic) and 1-201-612-7415 (international). The conference ID number is 401293. A webcast replay will be available for 30 days.
(c) The loss on an interest rate swap agreement represents the change, since the beginning of the reporting period, in the fair value of an interest rate swap which we entered into on June 25, 2009. We are not using hedge accounting to record the interest rate swap, and accordingly, any change in the fair value is immediately recognized in earnings.
(d) In March 2012, we entered into a $650 million five-year unsecured revolving credit facility which replaced our previous $300 million unsecured revolving credit facility. In April 2012, we used a portion of this new credit facility to fund the early redemption of all of our outstanding 7.125% senior notes due 2016 (senior notes), representing an aggregate principal amount of $150 million. In May 2012, we used a portion of the new credit facility to repay the outstanding principal amount on the Foundry Park I, LLC mortgage loan agreement (mortgage loan). As a result, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $9.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 from accelerated amortization of financing fees associated with the prior revolving credit facility, the senior notes, and the mortgage loan, as well as from costs associated with redeeming the senior notes prior to maturity.
(b) In March 2012, we entered into a $650 million five-year unsecured revolving credit facility which replaced our previous $300 million unsecured revolving credit facility. In April 2012, we used a portion of this new credit facility to fund the early redemption of all of our outstanding 7.125% senior notes due 2016 (senior notes), representing an aggregate principal amount of $150 million. In May 2012, we used a portion of the new credit facility to repay the outstanding principal amount on the Foundry Park I, LLC mortgage loan agreement (mortgage loan). As a result, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $9.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 from accelerated amortization of financing fees associated with the prior revolving credit facility, the senior notes, and the mortgage loan, as well as from costs associated with redeeming the senior notes prior to maturity.
(c) On June 25, 2009 we entered into an interest rate swap. The loss on the interest rate swap was $1.7 million for the third quarter ended September 30, 2012 and $5.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The loss on the interest rate swap was $13.0 million for the third quarter ended September 30, 2011 and $16.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011. We are not using hedge accounting to record the interest rate swap, and accordingly, any change in the fair value is immediately recognized in earnings.


"So…which direction do you wanna go?" I ask Colin as I dig around the french fry bag hoping for the last few that might have fallen out of the red cardboard container. We are sitting outside McDonalds in David, Panama, parked close enough to get their free wi-fi. Which also means we are close enough to smell whatever they are pumping out of that place. It overwhelms the air and drifts in through the truck vents taunting our senses, and at some point during our internet search one of us will say, "Who's going in to get the fries?" We both agree, McDonalds has some sort of potion that makes anyone who comes close start to crave those golden greasy sticks. This doesn't answer the question of why we also end up ordering two ice cream cones to go with the fries. So, no, McDonalds wi-fi is not exactly free.
Colin grabs the fry bag and takes another look, but I have already found and eaten the last two fries. "Well, we can go to the end or turn around now?" We look at the map that is split down the seam, as Colin traces our route with his finger I am holding the two pieces together. As this debate over timing and pace goes on in the truck with our windows down, we hear someone asking about our Lightforce lights that sit in a row on our front bumper and look like they could light up an entire street at night… they can. Roger introduces himself while resting his arm on the driver's side door while we tell him the reasons we love those lights. (Such as waking up in the middle of the night on a secluded beach on the Osa Pensinusa and realizing the tide is coming in fast and perhaps we misjudged how close to the shore we set up camp. At 1am we find ourselves packing up and trying to navigate back through the jungle. A flip of the switch and all 5 lights power on and send a wide tunnel of bright light through a path that a few seconds before was completely black). We tell him our dilemma about driving to the end of the road in Panama or turning around to head back north towards home. "It's not a question in my mind," he says and shifts to talk to us using both hands, "You have to see the Panama canal." Roger is from the U.S. but moved to Panama to take advantage of the cheaper cost of living and the sunsets along the southern coast. He and his wife built a house and so far, "other than bribing a cop every now and again," they love it. He came to Panama to work on the canal and is still awestruck by that narrow trench of water, the locks built just wide enough for a freighter to pass, an achievement that took more than 75,000 workers to build and over 10 years to complete. Colin looks over at me with a slight shrug, "I guess we are going south." Roger gives us his card and suggests that on our return trip, if we are looking for a place to park and plug in, to give him a call. He wishes us all the best and we do the same for him. He walks away and we pull out of McDonalds heading south towards the Panama Canal and then the last stop in the Darien Province, which is the furthest destination the road reaches in Central America. After that, it's dense wild jungle for miles.
Talking to Roger sent us on our final path through Panama heading south towards the canal, but before that conversation we had already been traveling through the country for a few weeks. Our biggest struggle was trying to find camping. A struggle in one sense, but in another we were introduced to Panama by way of not knowing where to go or what to look for. We just went. The only thing we knew about Panama before we crossed the border was the canal, after that it was an expectation we could not create – we had nothing to base it on. We found ourselves in places that were not in travel books and in a few cases, not on the map.
We really did not do our homework before venturing into the Darien. A few quick minutes on Google, we emailed a couple of tour groups to see if we could arrange anything. And found out it requires a special guide and more advance notice and along with the risks to Sprite's health all equated to not exploring beyond where we could drive. But we still wanted to see what the end of the Pan-American highway was all about – the last stop on a road that winds almost continuously from Alaska to the southern tip of Argentina with one break at the Darien Gap. Our curiosity got the better of us as we continued towards Yaviza, the last town on the Central American portion of the Pan-American Highway.
Sprite learns she is not always the boss!
Our rule about not being on the road after dark was being threatened as we drove through the rain, on the two lane CA-1 (Pan-Ameican highway) south of Panama City. Towns were getting smaller and spaced further apart. Homes went from one-level block construction to two-level huts with thatched roofs and open sides. Another few miles and we spotted a sign with a school symbol and the name of a town with an arrow pointing off the main road. Colin had the idea of checking it out and seeing if maybe we could get permission to camp near the school. Just for the night and be gone in the morning. The dirt road was now thick mud, the rain still coming down as we continued crawling towards the school. A few adults were huddled together under the overhang of the town's one tienda. We stopped so Colin could jump out and ask about parking for the night. Through the rain streaks running down the passenger window, I could see a group of kids taking advantage of the weather and playing soccer… more like soccer was just an excuse to slide in the mud and tackle each other. They were soaked, mud covered and having a blast. Still in the truck, I look away from the kids and try to see if Colin is making any progress. He looks blurry through the window, but I can see he's talking to the group at the tienda and then a young guy walks up to him. Now they are talking and hand signals are going and the young guy is pointing to something on the other side of the store. Colin nods and runs back to the truck. Shaking the rain off his coat and hair, he tells me about Jonathan, the guy he was talking to. Jonathan is the only one who speaks English so when the group could not understand why Colin was asking to camp near the soccer field, they started to shout through the downpour for Jonathan. Jonathan's uncle lives near the store and said we could park in front of his house. When we pull up towards the house, the uncle walks out of his front door and waves us over to a wooden bench built under the porch roof, which shields us from the rain. Over slow and short sentences,we learn he is the pastor of the village. Where our understanding falls short, the pastor does his best to use hand gestures in order to fill in the blanks. As the rain dissipates, he stands up and invites us to follow him. We walk along the road we came in on. He points to a couple houses and other churches, waves to kids passing by, and stops briefly to explain something about the mountain sitting as a backdrop of the village. We don't fully understand everything he is saying due to our language barrier, but we are pretty sure he said something about Jaguars and don't go there.
When we return to the pastor's house Jonathan is waiting. His dark hair cut short around the sides and grown longer on the top, which he combs through with his fingers. A wide smile. He starts to show us to a room in his uncle's house where we can sleep. We thank him but try to explain that we sleep in our camper. They give us a confused look as they both stare at this "thing" sitting in the bed of our truck. Colin explains that it pops-up and we live and sleep inside. A tour is scheduled for the morning. With that, Jonathan leads us to a patch of trees and plants behind his house. He explains each plant and every tree. They all have a purpose – some to eat, others for medicine and a few to make handicrafts. There is a cage hanging from one of the branches with a squirrel inside. He tells us that the squirrel is their pet. They open the cage during the day so the squirrel can rome around, but he always returns at night. Meanwhile, in another tree near the squirrel two green parrots sit watching us. I wonder if the parrots realize they are lucky to have traded with the squirrel.
At this point we have no idea who these people are or the village we have invited ourselves in to. We notice the men are wearing jeans and button down shirts, the boys prefer soccer jerseys and shorts, but the women seem to wear bright floral printed skirts down to the knee with a plain solid color t-shirt or tank top. All the women and even the girls wear this outfit. We are invited into the grandmother's home. A two -level home, built with wide boards and huge square cutouts for windows. The windows have no glass or screens. The floor is dirt and we sit along a wooden table and get introduced to Jonathan's aunt and other uncle, their 2 year old son and his grandfather and grandmother, who all live under the same roof. The 2 year old with full cheeks waddles from his mother and falls into her arms and then he's off to grandma and again receives a big hug. He walks from person to person, getting a hug and a laugh. All questions are directed toward Jonathan who translates back and forth. They want to know how we found them. Where are we from? Do we have kids? They are curious about Sprite and where she sleeps. And does she "go poop inside?" We try to explain that Sprite is trained to go outside. They laugh that the dog is better trained than the 2-year old who poops where he wants.
Jonathan points over to his grandmother who has gentle eyes and long wavy brown hair. He says Grandma doesn't know much Spanish because her first language is Embera. They are all Embera, but only the older generation knows the language fluently. The grandmother explains that they used to live in the Darien, deep in the jungle, but moved just outside because life was easier. Then the government decided to build a dam which flooded several Embera Villages. They were displaced to the spot they live now. Colin asks her if they like living here or wish they had their original home back. Everyone looks around at each other as if to see what the others think. They all start nodding yes. They like this place. Someone calls out from the window for Jonathan. He asks us if we want to see his house and meet his parents. Like shadows we follow Jonathan and do as he does.
A few feet across the muddy yard sits another home built in a similar style as the grandparent's. The windows are open but they have shutters to close. The floor is smooth cement. There is a neat row of muddy shoes along the outside stoop. We remove our shoes and add them to the line up. Inside we shake hands with Jonathan's dad and his mom. His cousin is also there and looks about the same age as Jonathan, same dark hair, same style. They also want to know how we found them. Our conversation weaves around topics that flow easily (with the help of Jonathan). The Embera culture has changed in a lot of ways. The younger generation is not interested in learning the language or the traditions. Religion has also morphed. As we venture on to the topic of religion and Jesus, grandma comes in through the back door. Jonathan asks her in Embera what she believes. She grabs a wooden cane that was resting along the wall and gently closes her eyes. She makes a low whistling sound like wind in the trees and moves the cane up and down her arm. Jonathan looks over at us to explain, "the Embera way is Wishes." Jonathan and his parents don't believe in Wishes, they believe in Jesus. Missionaries introduced them to the ideas of Christianity, but it wasn't until Jonathan's dad was bitten by a fer-de-lance snake and became really sick that they began to pray to Jesus. The dad rolls up his pant leg to expose jagged scars that cover his skin. He was saved. And Jesus trumped the Wishes. Mom comes out from the kitchen with bowls of food and cups of tea. Fried fish with plantains. Between bites of fish, voices continue to fill the room with interesting questions from each person and move through Jonathan for translation. Every year they hold traditional dances where the men cover their bodies in a dark ink dye which stains the skin for days. Jonathan disappears into his room and comes out with a small bottle of ink to show us. Jonathan is learning the Embera language and very interested in the dances and old way of life. "It's very important to me," he says with a proud smile and continues to describe what he has learned from his grandparents. We talk about their work, their family, their handicrafts. Mom pulls out her beautiful tightly woven baskets and bracelets, and two masks. The dad goes to get his work. The wooden cane that grandma was wishing on has been carved out with simple tools. A snake curls up the body of the stick. The top has a monkey's head and on the side a gecko – the animals symbolize the movement through life. Grandma leaves and comes back with her baskets. The missionaries have helped them market and sell their handicrafts in order to make money. We buy one basket from mom and one from grandma. Colin looks over the cane with the monkey head carved on top and Jonathan's dad begins to talk about his hobby. It takes him a long time to make the canes using simple tools, to shape them, to smooth them out with a cloth, but he enjoys woodworking. He built this house were we sit. "These are really nice and unique," Colin says to the dad and then suggests, "You should sell these!" Jonathan responds that he does sell them but with the lack of good tools it takes dad a long time to make and the one Colin is holding is far from finished. Colin sees this cane as perfect, "To me it looks great the way it is." Jonathan hesitates and asks if Colin is interested in buying it. "Maybe…but I'm not sure I can afford it." I already know Colin is in love with this cane and this story and these people. They circle together to come up with a price and Jonathan tosses it out to Colin saying they feel a fair price for an unfinished cane is $20.00 There is no need to negotiate. Colin pulls out the money and gives it to the dad, who stops and squeezes Colin's hand with a tight grip, looks him straight in the eye and whispers, "Thank you." Colin is more thrilled than the dad will ever know. They are both very happy. At some point I notice its after 10pm and the dad has leaned back against the wall and fallen asleep. Jonathan taps him and he jolts back to life. We all laugh at this and decide its time for us to go back to our camper. We are shaking hands and saying good night.
Some of the Embera Family we met!
We hear pounding in the morning and take a peek through the camper screen to see an entire group of guys gathering materials and stacking sacks of concrete-mix on the grass. The pastor mentioned that they were all gathering to build a new church. The old church stands behind them with wide boards and a leaky roof. We can't figure out why they don't fix the old one but decide not to ask. Jonathan's aunt and mom have come over to check out our home. They boost themselves inside and I, without using many words, show them around. I start to pull out the bed and jump on top and say "dormir." I open the cabinets and grab the pots and pans. I open the spice cubby and the drawer that stores the silverware, plasticware and utensils. I turn on the fan that's installed in the ceiling and flick on the lights. At every move I make they look at me once they understand and say with their mouths open while nodding, "ahh hah." The aunt runs her fingers over the counter and cabinets and then asks Jonathan's mom something. I think they are trying to figure out what the laminate is made of. It looks like the grain of real wood, but is very far from it. The three of us are sitting on the camper couch when Colin pops his head in and they wave and say "adios!" More people come over and start to dip their heads inside to see what we are doing. Soon the guys are hollering that they need to start building the church. But first we need to take a picture.
The pastor comes over to get a picture with Colin and then he shakes his hand and heads over to work on the church. The grandma embraces us with hugs. She holds our hands and says something in Embera. I can tell by her soft glance and the way her words are slowly coming off her tongue she is giving us well wishes. Jonathan's dad comes over and wants to talk to Colin. He wants a picture with Colin and the monkey stick. He gives Colin another handshake squeezing both hands holding them for a few moments. We try to tell Jonathan how much we appreciate all his translating, showing us around, and allowing us to stay. We came there hoping for a place to park and we leave with new friends and Colin's prized monkey stick.
We talk a lot about happiness. Where can you find it? The answers to that come in a million forms, a million ways, a million reasons. There is a village, south towards the Darien jungle, off a muddy road not listed on a map. There is a family who did not know our names, had never seen our faces. Opened their doors, fed us dinner, asked us about our lives. They wanted nothing in return. They are not searching for more, because everything they need and want is around them.
Colin purchase's his first mola!! From Kuna woman.
Traffic because of protesting taxi cab drivers – yay!
Connecting the last stop to the unknown!
Kelly said it! This one is especially wonderful. Your connection with the people and the surroundings comes through beautifully. I really have enjoyed all of your writings but this one is special. Keep 'em coming.
Sheilah, As always, we love hearing your comments. REALLY glad you are enjoying the posts!!
Carrie and Colin, What an amazing "end of the road" story. A beautiful ending with "salt of the earth" people who are content with their lives. A powerful message for us all!!!
Great story! Travelling is so much richer when interacting with the local people.
Wonderful description of the important things in life. What an experience!


Almost every weekend local veterans gather in pools or the beach for a weightless therapy. Steve Rubin, Founder and President of the Waves (Wounded American Veterans Experience SCUBA) Project, and Ron Fonstad, Director of Community Outreach, teach scuba diving to veterans who suffer from physical disabilities, anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These veterans who served our country, now part of the Waves Project, put in the hours and the work to become certified to scuba dive in the ocean.
Army veteran, Ceasar Ramirez is a Spring Valley resident who suffered an accident overseas and now needs a wheelchair to mobilize.
State Senator Joel Anderson awarded Ceasar Ramirez a Senate Certificate of Recognition for his unyielding commitment to protecting and defending our nation through his honorable service as a veteran and for his dedication to personal growth by participating in the unique scuba diving experiences provided by the Waves Project.
Ramierez isn't the only veteran to benefit from the Waves Project.
"We work with every individual as based on that injury and that individual's ability and wanting help or not. It's like we'll get you in and we'll get you out. And we're pretty proud of the fact that the 170 some [veterans] that have gone through our program," said Fonstad.
More information about the Waves Project is available on www.wavesproject.org.
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