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Tag Archives: marriage
Annie Elizabeth: marital relations masterclass continued
In my last post we left James having bigamously gone through a marriage ceremony with Margaret in 1872. Margaret and James were leaving Leeds for Manchester. Annie Elizabeth and her new man, John William, remain in Leeds and by 1881 there have been five more children, although four of them have died. The family provisions business in the centre of town is doing very well. However, contrary to all appearances, they are not married. Annie Elizabeth is, in fact, still married to James. And this wrankles.
Facts: divorce petition
On 22nd February 1881 Annie Elizabeth swears an affidavit as follows: that she was married to James in 1866 and had borne his child; that in February 1872 he had gone through a second marriage ceremony with Margaret; that this pretend and illegal marriage had been consummated; that James had committed adultery on that day and on diverse occasions since; and that he had deserted her without just cause, ever since leaving her destitute. As Annie Elizabeth picks up the pen to sign this as a true version of her sworn affidavit, she is seven months pregnant with her seventh child by John William. The divorce petition is officially filed the following day.
James does not contest the charges. The Decree Nisi is awarded on 5th July 1881 on the basis of adultery plus bigamy. The hearing, reported over the following two days in newspapers in London, Leeds and Manchester, does include the true reason for James's absence (7 years penal servitude). However, the detail surrounding his release is economical with the truth: 'In 1871 he was returned to Leeds, but instead of going home he went to the residence of another woman […] whom he afterwards married…' 'Severe comments' are made on the conduct of James's sister Mary Elizabeth who had been present at both marriages. The Decree becomes Final on 17th January 1882.
The hypocrisy, injustice and cruelty of this petition shocked me. James had a great deal to lose, and although it's true that he had bigamously 'married' another woman, he did so in the knowledge that Annie Elizabeth was with another man and had a child. In other words, Annie Elizabeth had already committed adultery long before James did.
Only by understanding the contemporary grounds for divorce, was I able to make my peace with Annie Elizabeth. Until 1923 a woman could bring an action for divorce only on the grounds of adultery combined with an aggravating factor, e.g. bigamy, cruelty, desertion. Annie Elizabeth had no alternative but to cite bigamy and desertion alongside her claim of adultery. She was, even so, taking a huge risk: as petitioner for divorce her behaviour must be seen to be unblemished. Any petitioner found also to be an adulteress/ adulterer would be denied the divorce. Having by now given birth to six of John William's children, there could be no doubt that Annie Elizabeth was also an adulteress.
The fact of having the finances to file for divorce also sits uneasily with the claim that Annie Elizabeth has been left destitute. Although the Marital Causes Act of 1857 had opened up the possibility of divorce to all, the cost of obtaining one remained out of the pocket of the vast majority of people. The location of the Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Court in London meant that petitioners had to be willing and able to pay travel and living expenses for themselves, as well as respondents and any witnesses.
Facts: Freedom to remarry
Annie Elizabeth and James are now divorced and free to marry. James, having not contested the divorce, does not celebrate any change in his marital status by legally marrying Margaret, although the two of them will remain together for life. It also seems there is no trial against him for bigamy.
For Annie Elizabeth and John William, however, the divorce enables them to put their life together in order. Thanks to the relative anonymity afforded by life in a large, industrialised town, it would have been easy to disguise the fact that they were unmarried. However, a marriage at this late stage might not go unnoticed. They therefore marry in Halifax, on 23rd January 1882. Annie Elizabeth's marital status is correctly recorded as divorced, but a Halifax address is given as her residence.
Analysis: Why is James not prosecuted?
The criminal act of bigamy (regulated by the Offences against the Person Act 1861) is dealt with separately from the citing of bigamy as grounds for divorce. By this time the granting of divorce on grounds of bigamy did not necessarily lead to a separate criminal prosecution. It is, in any event, not in Annie Elizabeth's interest to have the facts open to further scrutiny.
Facts: Domestic Violence
Back in Leeds, Annie Elizabeth and John William have had more children. By 1886, excluding George, there have been ten live births, although five of these have died. All is not champagne and roses…
In March 1887 John William is arrested and charged with having assaulted Annie Elizabeth on three occasions by striking and kicking her. On 1st and 2nd April, three Leeds newspapers carry reports of the hearing against him for domestic violence. John William, 'a respectably dressed man', is said to have recently been frequently drunk. His attitude does not endear him to the court: 'When asked if he had anything to say, the accused replied in a flippant manner, "I have not been my own man. It's never too late to mend, is it?"' The magistrate grants a separation order. John William is fined £5 and ordered to pay Annie Elizabeth 15s per week.
The separation is temporary. By March 1888 Annie Elizabeth and John William are reunited, since their final baby is born 31st December of that year. At the time of the 1991 census they are still together.
The Matrimonial Causes Act of 1878 enabled magistrates to grant protection orders to women who were victims of violence from their husbands. These protection orders differed from 'judicial separations', which were granted in the High Court. However, they amounted to the same thing, giving the woman custody of the children, and frequently including a requirement that the husband pay a regular sum of money to the wife.
I hope this has helped you to see how, by reading around the subject, using the two books by Rebecca Probert, I was able to make sense of this very complicated series of situations Annie Elizabeth found herself in. I wouldn't do this amount of work for all my ancestors, but as I'm sure you've found for yourself, some of them leap out as having more to say.
As for Annie Elizabeth, John William dies in 1898, leaving her a further 28 years in which she seems, sensibly, to have decided enough is enough. No more marital relations!
Posted in Intermediate genealogy skills, My ancestry | Tagged divorce, domestic violence, marriage, marriage law, separation orders | 1 Reply
Annie Elizabeth & James: a marital relations masterclass
In this post and the next we have a case study in two parts: a sort of marital relations masterclass courtesy of my ill-starred biological GG grandparents. I used Rebecca Probert's books Marriage Law for Genealogists and Divorced, Bigamist, Bereaved to help me clarify the legalities. I hope it will help you to look at any marital inconsistencies with fresh eyes. You'll also see how understanding the law and context of events can (sometimes!) help you see them from the viewpoint of your ancestors.
The marriage
15th Jan 1866: James and Annie Elizabeth are married at St Peter's church, Leeds. It's likely they have known each other only a few weeks: James is not long out of prison, having been sentenced in April 1865 to 8 months for larceny. Both give their age as 18, but Annie Elizabeth is not quite 15½. Their only witness is James's older sister, Mary Elizabeth. James and Mary Elizabeth sign; Annie Elizabeth (who we shall see from later documents is literate) only makes her mark.
Analysis: Is the marriage legal?
From the perspective of age?
Yes. Until the Marriage Act 1929 the minimum age for marriage was 12 for girls and 14 for boys. (After that Act it was raised to 16 for both.)
From the perspective of lack of parental approval?
Being under 21, both Annie Elizabeth and James were minors. Not until 1970 would the age of majority be reduced to 18. However, marriage after banns did not require an active, public statement of parental approval. Rather the dissent of parents during the three-week period of the publishing of the banns would prevent the ceremony from going ahead. Here, there was no voiced dissent, therefore the marriage was not invalidated by lack of consent.
From the perspective of elements of deceit?
What if James thought Annie Elizabeth was 18? What about the fact that Annie Elizabeth was able to sign and yet didn't? The issue here would seem to be around the concept of 'knowingly and wilfully' failing to comply with the law, a concept introduced by the 1823 Marriage Act. However, if it wasn't a problem in the eyes of the law that Annie Elizabeth was just 15, then it's likely that even if James thought otherwise this would not be an issue. Similarly, although Annie Elizabeth may have been trying to distance herself in some way from the event by not adding her signature to the paperwork when she could have, a 'mark' was sufficient for the law. In any case, we don't know if Annie Elizabeth did deceive James; and even if she did, the fact remains that the marriage was not contested. It is therefore valid.
Two lots of nine months
4th June 1866: James is brought before magistrates at Dewsbury, charged with stealing a horse. He is also 'wanted' in Leeds for another similar crime. On 4th July he is found guilty and sentenced to seven years penal servitude.
At the time of the arrest Annie Elizabeth is about 4 months pregnant. The baby, George, is born in November 1866. By this time, James is serving an initial nine months under the 'Separate' system at Wakefield Convict Prison. Designed to 'break' new prisoners, this involved keeping the individual in solitary confinement, allowing them to see and speak with only the prison warders. Possibly he doesn't even know he has a son.
By the time George is baptised in July 1867, James's nine months under the Separate system are over and he has moved south for the next stage of his sentence. Meanwhile, aged just 16, Annie Elizabeth is facing life as a single parent with no support, alongside the expectation that she respect the sanctity of her condition as a married woman.
Analysis: What are Annie Elizabeth's options?
Could the marriage be annulled on the grounds of the falsifications?
No. And to attempt to rely on them now could be an admission of perjury.
Might she have considered remarriage?
There was great confusion at the time about the seven-year rule under which if, after a period of seven years of no contact the abandoned partner genuinely believed their spouse was dead, the marriage could be considered at an end. Many focused only on the 'seven years' aspect of this rule, believing they were safe to marry after seven years living apart. But a remarriage in such circumstances is always bigamous. It would not have been a legal option for Annie Elizabeth.
2nd April 1871: the census
James is an inmate at Chatham Public Works Prison.
Meanwhile, back in Leeds:
Little George has a new surname and is listed with his aunt Mary Elizabeth (she who witnessed the marriage) and husband.
Annie Elizabeth is eight months pregnant and listed as the wife of John William. When their baby is born the following month, she will be baptised as the illegitimate daughter of Ann Elizabeth whose 'absent husband was transported 5 years ago'.
Analysis: adoption and adultery
At some point between George's baptism in July 1867 and the census of April 1871, George has been adopted by Mary Elizabeth and her husband. This suggests he was given up by his mother either because she couldn't support him, or because the new man in her life refused to support the child of another man. Prior to The Adoption of Children Act of 1926, such informal adoptions in England and Wales were the norm.
Has Annie Elizabeth committed a crime?
Not so many decades earlier, Annie Elizabeth and John William would have been hauled before the church courts and punished severely for adultery and fornication. However, they have not gone through a marriage ceremony, therefore their relationship is not bigamous, and therefore no criminal act has occurred.
James returns
14th December 1871: A Licence is signed for James's early release: a reduction of 19 months for good behaviour. He returns to Leeds. Does he believe Annie Elizabeth will be waiting for him? Is he shocked to find her with another man and new baby? Or perhaps the last 5½ years have provided time enough for James to reflect on past errors, and he now wishes to move on with his life?
Analysis: What are James's options?
Legally, James and Annie Elizabeth are still married. However, it's complicated: their son is now settled as the child of his sister and her husband, while Annie Elizabeth is living with another man, with whom she has a baby. James has two legal options: to ask Annie Elizabeth to return to him, and presumably to accept her child as his own, or to divorce her.
Since 1858 (Matrimonial Causes Act 1857) divorce has been available in England and Wales. From the perspective of the husband, the only ground for divorce is adultery, which in this case can easily be proven. On the other hand, petitioning for divorce is far too costly for a labouring man, newly released from prison. It is out of the question.
What James actually does
14th February 1872: James marries Margaret. Given the time lapse since his release from prison, they cannot have known each other more than a few weeks. James gives a false name for his father. The address given for both on the marriage certificate is Mary Elizabeth's, where little George, now aged five, also lives. No doubt James is aware of George's true identity.
After the ceremony James and Margaret move to Manchester.
Analysis: What crimes has James now committed?
Legally, James has not remarried; rather he has 'gone through a second marriage ceremony'. It is that which is the definition of bigamy. The 'marriage' to Margaret has no legal standing at all, and children born of that marriage will be illegitimate.
However, in 'going through a second marriage ceremony', James has not only committed the crime of bigamy; he has also violated the conditions of his Licence, which stipulate that he 'abstain from any Violation of the Law'. Any violation would result, in addition to any new sentence, in reimprisonment for the remaining months of the original sentence.
The story continues next week…
Posted in Intermediate genealogy skills, My ancestry | Tagged bigamy, marriage, marriage law, prison release Licence | 2 Replies
Marriage Law for Genealogists
Posted on 5th Jun 2019 by English Ancestors
Last month I reviewed Rebecca Probert's book Divorced, Bigamist, Bereaved. Today's book, Marriage Law for Genealogists, is by the same author. The contents are pretty much summed up in the subtitle: 'What everyone tracing their family history needs to know about where, when, who and how their English and Welsh ancestors married.' Dealing with marriage law from 1600 to the present day, it applies to our English and Welsh ancestors only because English law doesn't extend to other parts of the United Kingdom.
The first edition of this book pre-dated Divorced, Bigamist and Bereaved, and you might think it would have made sense for me to read and review them in that order too. However, I had urgent divorce and bigamy knowledge requirements (which I will outline in next week's post, a sort of marital relations masterclass provided courtesy of my natural GG grandparents…)
Rebecca Probert is a rare thing: a Professor of Law, the leading authority on the history of the marriage laws of England and Wales, and also a keen genealogist. She is therefore able to debunk a number of common misunderstandings relating to marriage that have been published in other genealogy texts, and she does that in the first chapter.
One of the most important things I'll take away from this book is the central point that the authorities actively wanted couples who wished to marry to be so. There were indeed severe punishments for 'fornication', including excommunication (not to mention the eternal punishment in the hereafter), fines, the stocks and whipping. Marriage was also central to the operation of the Poor Law, in the sense that a wife and all legitimate children took their father's settlement rights at birth. Illegitimate children, on the other hand, took the settlement not of their mother, but of the parish in which they were born. A destitute, unmarried family, therefore – even if the father were present – could be resettled in (i.e. sent back to) several different parishes – the father to his, the mother to the parish of her birth, and the children each to the parish in which they were born. Legitimacy of children was also an important factor if there was property to be shared out after the death of the parents: illegitimate children (even if the parents remained together) would not inherit. Younger, legitimate offspring would easily succeed in an action preventing the passing of a share of an inheritance to an older child born before the parents' wedding. It wasn't until 1926 that children could be legitimised retrospectively by the eventual marriage of their parents.
So they are the downsides of not marrying; but what I hadn't realised was that the Law would bend over as far backwards as possible to ensure that those who did go through a marriage ceremony would indeed be considered married, even if the ceremony fell short of certain statutory requirements. These are dealt with over four chapters:
Who your ancestors married – including mental capacity, bigamy, divorce, same-sex marriage and the 'prohibited degrees';
How they married – including banns, licences, civil marriages and non-Anglican religious marriages;
When they married – including age restrictions, parental consent, and restrictions/ preferences for time of day, year and days of the week;
Where they married – including 'clandestine' marriages, with reasons for marrying in another parish, marriages at The Fleet, and marriage of English/Welsh nationals in other parts of the world.
I must admit that as I was reading this, at times I wondered what to do with the information I now had. My concern is with the life and times of my ancestors, not with the impropriety or voidability of a happy union. Take as an example the section on 'prohibited degrees of kinship' (chapter 3). Contrary to popular belief, English Law has never forbidden marriage between cousins. However, other close relatives have fallen within the 'prohibited degrees', and of course some still do. These include siblings, parent/child, grandparent/grandchild and marriages between uncle/aunt and nephew/niece. But prior to the first half of the 20th century the rule didn't stop there: historically in the eyes of the church, upon marriage a husband and wife became 'one flesh'. Consequently, the in-laws were as much a part of one's family as one's own parents, siblings, etc. Therefore in the event of the death of a spouse, remarriage to one of the in-laws from the above categories was also considered incestuous. Whether such a marriage would be void, voidable or even valid, depended on the year in which the marriage took place – the rules changed several times over the centuries. As it happens I do have at least two marriages in my tree that fall within the prohibited degrees on account of remarriage after the death of the first spouse to an in-law. In one of these, I took the fact of being prepared to marry for a second time within the same family as evidence of a good relationship between my great grandmother and her mother-in-law, particularly as my grandmother was named after that mother-in-law (my GG grandmother). So a happy thing. I now understand that legally these marriages were void – as though they never happened, and any children of the union were illegitimate. However, it seems no-one realised, and they died still 'married' and probably blissfully unaware that they had been living in sin these past decades. Really, then – what difference does it make, other than as a saucy bit of gossip – which doesn't interest me anyway?
I then realised I was looking at this the wrong way. The usefulness of knowing about such rules is to help us to troubleshoot. Yes, these two couples in my tree 'got away with it' and no harm was done. But what if your 4xG grandfather Robert marries Sarah and then six months later marries Mary? No possibility of divorce, no burial record showing for Sarah. Is Robert a bigamist? He may be, and it's also possible that Sarah's burial record has been lost or mis-transcribed. But this book gives us the information to be able to think of other possibilities – an annulment, perhaps? If we know of the rules around void and voidable marriages, when we see something that doesn't sit easily, we can use our knowledge to start to explore what might have happened. In this example we could look to see if the marriage might have been within the prohibited degrees, or perhaps there was another reason for an annulment.
One thing I'll now be exploring is the possibility that some of my missing marriages may have taken place in a different part of the country. Evidence presented in chapter 6 shows that a surprising number of couples married out of their county of residence, or at the very least in a different parish, perhaps because of a family connection with that parish.
So, to conclude, this is a very useful book, but one you have to work at, and not aimed at beginners. Not only is it a harder read than Divorce, Bigamist, Bereaved, but also following through on the information presented will require a fair bit of research and thinking outside the box. That said, it has already resolved a few questions for me; and with an idea of what to look out for, it will be a useful addition to my bookshelf when I need to consult for the detail.
Click the book cover image to find the book on Amazon.co.uk
(Affiliate link)
Posted in Book, film & TV reviews, Intermediate genealogy skills, Resources for genealogists | Tagged marriage, marriage law, prohibited degrees of kinship, Rebecca Probert | 2 Replies


text:
Analysis of polyglutamine-coding repeats in the TATA-binding protein in different neurodegenerative diseases
Y. R. Wu, H. C. Fung, G. J. Lee-Chen, K. Gwinn-Hardy, L. S. Ro, S. T. Chen, H. M. Hsieh-Li, H. Y. Lin, C. Y. Lin, S. N. Li, C. M. Chen
Department of Life Science
Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansion in the gene for TATA binding protein (TBP) has recently been described as causal for spinocerebellar ataxia type 17. The normal number of repeats has been considered to be 42 or less. An intermediate range with reduced penetrance has been assumed to be 43-47 CAA/CAG repeats. We examined this gene in 30 patients with autosomal-dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA), 35 patients with sporadic ataxia, 11 patients with Huntington's disease (HD), 351 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), 105 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 291 controls with no history of neurodegenerative disease. Three patients (one with sporadic PD and two with AD) carrying more than 42 TNRs in the TBP gene were identified. This reveals that the phenotype associated with CAG/CAA expansion in the TBP gene may be heterogeneous.
Journal of Neural Transmission
Published - 2005 Apr 1
Cag expansion
SCA17
Biological Psychiatry
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Analysis of polyglutamine-coding repeats in the TATA-binding protein in different neurodegenerative diseases'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
TATA-Box Binding Protein Medicine & Life Sciences
polyglutamine Medicine & Life Sciences
Neurodegenerative Diseases Medicine & Life Sciences
Spinocerebellar Ataxia 17 Medicine & Life Sciences
Parkinson Disease Medicine & Life Sciences
Alzheimer Disease Medicine & Life Sciences
Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion Medicine & Life Sciences
Wu, Y. R., Fung, H. C., Lee-Chen, G. J., Gwinn-Hardy, K., Ro, L. S., Chen, S. T., Hsieh-Li, H. M., Lin, H. Y., Lin, C. Y., Li, S. N., & Chen, C. M. (2005). Analysis of polyglutamine-coding repeats in the TATA-binding protein in different neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of Neural Transmission, 112(4), 539-546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-004-0197-9
Analysis of polyglutamine-coding repeats in the TATA-binding protein in different neurodegenerative diseases. / Wu, Y. R.; Fung, H. C.; Lee-Chen, G. J.; Gwinn-Hardy, K.; Ro, L. S.; Chen, S. T.; Hsieh-Li, H. M.; Lin, H. Y.; Lin, C. Y.; Li, S. N.; Chen, C. M.
In: Journal of Neural Transmission, Vol. 112, No. 4, 01.04.2005, p. 539-546.
Wu, YR, Fung, HC, Lee-Chen, GJ, Gwinn-Hardy, K, Ro, LS, Chen, ST, Hsieh-Li, HM, Lin, HY, Lin, CY, Li, SN & Chen, CM 2005, 'Analysis of polyglutamine-coding repeats in the TATA-binding protein in different neurodegenerative diseases', Journal of Neural Transmission, vol. 112, no. 4, pp. 539-546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-004-0197-9
Wu YR, Fung HC, Lee-Chen GJ, Gwinn-Hardy K, Ro LS, Chen ST et al. Analysis of polyglutamine-coding repeats in the TATA-binding protein in different neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of Neural Transmission. 2005 Apr 1;112(4):539-546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-004-0197-9
Wu, Y. R. ; Fung, H. C. ; Lee-Chen, G. J. ; Gwinn-Hardy, K. ; Ro, L. S. ; Chen, S. T. ; Hsieh-Li, H. M. ; Lin, H. Y. ; Lin, C. Y. ; Li, S. N. ; Chen, C. M. / Analysis of polyglutamine-coding repeats in the TATA-binding protein in different neurodegenerative diseases. In: Journal of Neural Transmission. 2005 ; Vol. 112, No. 4. pp. 539-546.
@article{eaaf41a81488457eb0008db87abeb449,
title = "Analysis of polyglutamine-coding repeats in the TATA-binding protein in different neurodegenerative diseases",
abstract = "Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansion in the gene for TATA binding protein (TBP) has recently been described as causal for spinocerebellar ataxia type 17. The normal number of repeats has been considered to be 42 or less. An intermediate range with reduced penetrance has been assumed to be 43-47 CAA/CAG repeats. We examined this gene in 30 patients with autosomal-dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA), 35 patients with sporadic ataxia, 11 patients with Huntington's disease (HD), 351 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), 105 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 291 controls with no history of neurodegenerative disease. Three patients (one with sporadic PD and two with AD) carrying more than 42 TNRs in the TBP gene were identified. This reveals that the phenotype associated with CAG/CAA expansion in the TBP gene may be heterogeneous.",
keywords = "Alzheimer's disease, Cag expansion, Parkinson's disease, SCA17",
author = "Wu, {Y. R.} and Fung, {H. C.} and Lee-Chen, {G. J.} and K. Gwinn-Hardy and Ro, {L. S.} and Chen, {S. T.} and Hsieh-Li, {H. M.} and Lin, {H. Y.} and Lin, {C. Y.} and Li, {S. N.} and Chen, {C. M.}",
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AU - Hsieh-Li, H. M.
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AU - Lin, C. Y.
AU - Li, S. N.
AU - Chen, C. M.
N2 - Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansion in the gene for TATA binding protein (TBP) has recently been described as causal for spinocerebellar ataxia type 17. The normal number of repeats has been considered to be 42 or less. An intermediate range with reduced penetrance has been assumed to be 43-47 CAA/CAG repeats. We examined this gene in 30 patients with autosomal-dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA), 35 patients with sporadic ataxia, 11 patients with Huntington's disease (HD), 351 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), 105 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 291 controls with no history of neurodegenerative disease. Three patients (one with sporadic PD and two with AD) carrying more than 42 TNRs in the TBP gene were identified. This reveals that the phenotype associated with CAG/CAA expansion in the TBP gene may be heterogeneous.
AB - Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansion in the gene for TATA binding protein (TBP) has recently been described as causal for spinocerebellar ataxia type 17. The normal number of repeats has been considered to be 42 or less. An intermediate range with reduced penetrance has been assumed to be 43-47 CAA/CAG repeats. We examined this gene in 30 patients with autosomal-dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA), 35 patients with sporadic ataxia, 11 patients with Huntington's disease (HD), 351 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), 105 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 291 controls with no history of neurodegenerative disease. Three patients (one with sporadic PD and two with AD) carrying more than 42 TNRs in the TBP gene were identified. This reveals that the phenotype associated with CAG/CAA expansion in the TBP gene may be heterogeneous.
KW - Alzheimer's disease
KW - Cag expansion
KW - Parkinson's disease
KW - SCA17
JO - Journal of Neural Transmission
JF - Journal of Neural Transmission

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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This is part 3 of my road trip in the USA in 2011. Continuing the road trip adventure from Las Vegas to Yosemite Park, before to go back to San Francisco.
Leaving Springdale and Zion National Park, we took a ride to Las Vegas, Nevada, to spend a night there.
I must say that I didn't take that much photos in Las Vegas, as I spent nice time with my sister and friends, and also, I was more thinking about forests, mountains and national parks.
It was still a good excuse to gamble a bit in the casinos with my sis. Few bucks for fun. Anyway, what happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas.
The day after, we left Vegas and hit the road again. For lunch, we did a stop at a very cool place, Peggy Sue's Restaurant. A great place with good food and an incredible atmosphere of the 50s. Many celebrities on a huge amount of photographs, but also statues, From Elvis to the Blues Brothers, Marilyn Monroe or even Tom Selleck. I guess most of the celebrities who came to the Peggy Sue's restaurant, as photos are signed. I suggest you to pay a visit to the restaurant if you spend few days in Las Vegas.
A good burger and french fries at Peggy Sue, and we continue our journey, driving to Yosemite Park.
We were forced to stop before to reach the park because of a big snow storm. So we found a motel on the way and spent the night there.
Leaving the place the morning after, to drive into the direction of the Yosemite Park entrance.
The last place to visit during our road trip in the USA, is Yosemite Park. Unfortunately, the weather was not with us that time, and it's with big grey clouds that we discovered this incredible and magnificent national park.
A first stop at Yosemite tunnel view was incredible. Winter, snow, forest, granite monoliths, El Capitan and Bridalveil Fall rising from Yosemite Valley, with Half Dome in the background. This viewpoint is at the east end of the Wawona Tunnel along the Wawona Road (Highway 41).
Enjoying later a walk across the snowy meadows (Mirror Lake/Meadow,Cook's Meadow and Sentinel Meadow), offering a nice view of the Yosemite waterfalls (Yosemite Falls, Upper and Lower Yosemite Fall).
The park is great for Wildlife such as mule deers, black bears, bobcats, Sierra Nevada red fox, Sierra Nevada big horn sheeps and more.
Designated a World Heritage Site in 1984, Yosemite is internationally recognized for its spectacular granite cliffs, waterfalls, Giant Sequoia groves, clear streams, and biological diversity. Almost 95% of the park is designated wilderness.
A bit of sun came to light us in the end of the afternoon, but it was already the time to walk back to the car to drive by night to San Francisco.
I hope that you enjoyed the photos of Yosemite Park and a little bit of Las Vegas, and maybe they will motivate you to also do a road trip in the USA!
Take care, drive safe, take photos and enjoy!
[Where] Tags: Road Trip, Travel Photography, United States, Yosemite.


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The ongoing fight to win immigration reform depends on the leadership of those directly impacted by our broken immigration system. For this reason, CHIRLA members organize their communities to harness the power of their collective voices. Over the course of many years, our Organizing Department has applied the principles of community organizing leadership development models, strategies and tactics. WIth a robust and broad spectrum of our organized membership, CHIRLA is able to coordinate actions across the state to win pro-immigrant policies that make a difference in the lives of our members.
At the moment, CHIRLA's organizing bases are concentrated in the Antelope Valley, Central Valley, Downtown Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and San Fernando Valley. Our Youth Organizing focuses on high school students through the Wise Up Program and on college students through the California Dream Network. Our capacity to bring the stories of immigrants of all ages up to the forefront of the immigrant rights movement exemplifies our commitment for true grassroots organizing to win.
CHIRLA's California Dream Network is a statewide network of existing and emerging college campus organizations who actively address issues primarily affecting undocumented students and the immigrant community.
We serve as a base for the mobilization, politicization, and empowerment of young people regardless of their citizenship status, political affiliation, gender, sexual orientation, and ethnic nationality in the larger social movement for equal access to education, immigration reform, and economic and social justice.


Local MP Andrew Stunell has joined a line-up of MPs and Peers questioning experts on how to boost the economy by making it easier for small firms to become more productive and grow their businesses.
Despite the UK economy growing, employment rising, and a flourishing of entrepreneurial activity, productivity in the UK is 21 per cent lower than in the rest of the G7 countries. As of next week, this conundrum, known as the 'productivity puzzle' is what is being tackled by the All Party Parliamentary Small Business Group of which Andrew Stunell MP is a member.
Over a two-day inquiry Andrew Stunell MP will be hearing from the Federation of Small Businesses (FSB), membership bodies, academics, banks, think-tanks and Local Enterprise Partnerships about how changes to business support, LEPs, access to finance and young people's skills could increase productivity levels in the small business sector.
Following the hearings, the All Party Group will publish recommendations based on their findings, and on written evidence already submitted to the group by thirty organisations. The All-Party Group will then present these recommendations to colleagues on the frontbenches, to inform the work of both Ministers and Opposition Spokesmen.
It is hoped that this report could lead to real change to boost the nation's 4.9 million small businesses.
"The FSB commends the plans of the All Party Parliamentary Small Business Group to look into productivity. We look forward to the seeing the findings, and encourage Government and Opposition alike to reflect on them as they develop future small business policy."


The week of July 23rd, Jen and Sarah Wessels were busy traveling around State Rep Dan Swanson's district to his Veteran and Senior Resource Fairs. First stop was Geneseo, then Aledo, Knoxville and Bureau County. We talked to a lot of people that knew people with Lyme. We also showed them how to properly apply Permethrin to their clothes, and talked about prevalence in the different areas.
It was a great week!!! Met some fabulous people.
Always trying to raise awareness!!
previous postLet's Put Our Heads Together!!


Minimal and relaxed unlined drawstring bag, made with untreated, velvet-soft, vegetable tanned leather. A versatile piece with comfortable flat straps that are knotted at the ends for adjustability.
14" x 12" x 2". Strap drop is 18" with adjustability possible.


text:
Indian investments in Indonesia to reach $26-31 billion: Anand Sharma
Having invested close to $ 15 billion in Indonesia, Indian firms have lined up further $ 15-16 billion investments for the South East Asian nation and the two countries have agreed to cooperate in new sectors like film production.
"Indian investments in Indonesia are in the range of $ 12-15 billion... Another $ 15-16 billion is in the pipeline. That will take the total Indian investments in Indonesia to $ 26-31 billion," Commerce and Industry Minister Anand Sharma said today.
Briefing media while returning after a two-day visit of an Indian delegation led by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to Indonesia, Sharma said that the two countries have agreed to expand their cooperation in new sectors like film production.
"We have agreed to work together not only for the joint production, but also make available our film institutes and the animation studios to Indonesian entities.
"We would also like greater participation by the Indonesian companies. It is a growing economy and has rich resources many of which India needs for its own growth," the Minister said.
The Indian delegation also included External Affairs Minister Salman Khurshid.
Sharma said the two countries have set up CEO forums, joint working groups and other forums for further expansion of their economic ties.
"India has become integral to the larger economic integration process of the Asia Pacific region. India's trade with ASEAN and its five partners at EAS (East Asia Summit) has reached $ 200 billion.
"Our investments in this region have crossed $ 70 billion and there is further $ 30 billion worth committed investments in the pipeline," he added.
Before his Indonesia visit, Prime Minister was in Brunei Darussalam for attending ASEAN ( Association of South East Asian Nations) and East Asia Summits.
The East Asia Summit is a forum for cooperation among the ten-member ASEAN block with its six partner countries including India, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia and the US.
The ten ASEAN members include Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam.
Sharma said a new FTA in services and investments with ASEAN is expected to be signed in December and this would further expand India's relationship with ASEAN to a Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement.
Sharma also attended an India-Indonesia CEO forum meeting in Indonesia on October 10.
"The CEO forum is identifying the areas of cooperation, which includes oil and gas, coal mining, agriculture, life sciences, manufacturing, vocational training.
"We are also looking at larger cooperation in services sector, including IT and setting up of institutes, communications, financial services, railway and other transport services, connectivity, civil aviation sector," he added.
Khurshid said there is a very strong convergence between India and Indonesia on issues of great importance to both countries such as negotiations at WTO and counter-terrorism.
"(In) WTO particularly, our concerns are very much shared by Indonesia as both are populous country. We are very pleased to hear from Indonesia that they desire to collaborate with us on food security at WTO to find an acceptance of this issues along with other trade matters," he said.
According to him, both sides have agreed to hold annual summits and the next meeting may take place in February.
"A lot of traction now we see taking place and we have a close working collaboration between India and Indonesia... Even as WTO continues to move forward at a steady but slow speed, there are emergence of other regional arrangements to which there are both opportunities and challenges for India," the Minister said.
(Source: The Economic Times)


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Home » Power » Analysis
Here are five of the top battery storage companies in operation today
PowerTransmission and DistributionBatteries
By sbesta 22 Jun 2018
A number of companies around the world are working to make battery storage a reality - here we take a closer look at five of the top contributors
Image: Illustration of Tesla Powerpack lithium-ion battery and Hornsdale wind farm in South Africa. Photo: courtesy of Tesla.
Battery storage has been touted as critical to the development of renewables as a wholesale alternative to existing power generation but only a handful of companies have risen to the top of the pile as credible contenders to bring it to market at scale.
As renewable energy generation depends on climatic conditions, it may not always be available when it's most needed while excess power can be wasted – to address this issue, energy storage technologies, including batteries, have been developed over the past few years.
Lead acid, lithium-ion (Li-ion), nickel cadmium (NiCd or NiCad), nickel iron (NiFe) and flow batteries are most commonly used for storing solar energy – however, lead acid and lithium-ion batteries are most popular choices.
Not only energy companies, automobile manufacturers such as Tesla and Mercedes are also developing batteries that can store solar power and run the vehicles for long distances.
Tesla, specifically, is looking in to the use of materials outside cobalt, a metal key to the production of batteries but one that as yet has no means of ethical sourcing en masse, as a means for creating its products.
Here we take a closer look at major battery storage firms and the work they've done up until now to fully realise the technology.
Top battery storage companies
Swiss electrical equipment supplier ABB is a major energy storage solutions provider for renewable energy grid integration.
The company offers turnkey energy storage systems for connection to medium- or high-voltage grids.
In 2014, it announced a partnership with Chinese battery manufacturer BYD to jointly develop new solutions for energy storage.
ABB offers a range of battery energy storage systems for solar applications, including residential applications such as its photovoltaic inverter that allows storing of unused energy produced during the day.
In August 2017, the firm secured an order to supply and install energy storage solution for 90 megawatt (MW) Burbo Bank offshore wind farm in the UK.
Credit: ABB
The American multinational corporation is one of the major players in energy storage market.
The company's Gigafactory mainly manufactures batteries and battery packs for Tesla vehicles and energy storage products.
In February 2018, the Government of South Australia has partnered with Tesla to build which it claims to be the world's largest "virtual power plant" to help reduce energy bills.
The project involves installation of a network of solar and battery systems for at least 50,000 home across the state to work together forming a virtual power plant.
In November 2017, Tesla commissioned 100MW lithium-ion battery in South Australia.
Younicos
Younicos is a German-American technology company that supplies energy storage systems and control software.
In 2017, the company was acquired by Aggreko for $40m, during a time when it had more than 200 MW of installed storage systems.
In June 2018, Younicos and its parent company Aggreko have launched a new microgrids-as-a-service offer that combines solar-diesel hybrid with battery storage.
In December 2017, Equinor had placed an order with Younicos for the delivery of a 1 MW/1.3 MWh energy storage system for the 30 MW Hywind floating offshore wind farm in Scotland.
The battery storage firm was also selected by UK energy firm Centrica to design and deliver a 49MW lithium-ion battery energy storage system.
Younicos' battery connected to a Hywind offshore floating wind farm (Credit: Younicos)
LG ChemHeadquartered in Seoul, South Korea, LG Chem is one of the major providers of energy storage systems (ESS) operating in the world today.
In May 2018, it was selected by residential solar provider Vivint Solar for supply of LG Chem RESU batteries as energy storage system for household use in California.
Additionally, in June 2016, LG Chem commissioned a 7MW)/3MWh battery energy system in the US for S&C Electric.
And in the same year, Sunrun and LG Chem announced a partnership to launch LG Chem's energy storage technology in the US residential solar market.
Launched in January 2018, Fluence is a joint venture of Siemens and AES.
At the time of launch, it was stated that the Fluence's first project would be the supply of the lithium-ion battery storage plant, a 100 MW/400 MWh installation in Long Beach, California, US.
It will also be involved in a number of other projects, including a 40MW storage project for San Diego Gas & Electric, a microgrid project for Enel on the Mediterranean island of Ventotene, and six energy storage projects being installed across Germany.
In June 2018, UK Power Reserve partnered with Fluence to deliver the first 60MW phase of a 120MW energy storage portfolio in England.
Under the contract, Fluence was responsible for the supply of the battery systems for the first phase project.
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I am stuck in a monochromatic palette; mounds of pristine snow and a bleached-out sky offer a pale landscape out my window. The much-appreciated sunshine is bright and clear, but with none of its summertime golden hue.
While still beautiful, late winter makes you work just that little bit harder to feel welcomed. Whether it be wardrobe choices (layers are key), weekend plans (more layers) or what to eat (layers of flavour), these last few months of the season seem to require more effort than those preceding.
Late fall brings excitement over the return of slow-cooked braises, the opportunity to fill the kitchen with heat and heady smells of herbs and spice. Winter follows with resplendent holiday celebrations, with tables groaning under grand feasts. But now, in the doldrums of early March, the mornings dawn gray and pale. The sun valiantly attempts to stay awake for dinner, but often fails.
It is amongst all these pallid hues that we must still attempt to eat our greens. Spring and summertime salads can be made seemingly without thought; all I need are some sparingly-dressed tender young lettuces, or some grilled asparagus or sugar-sweet tomatoes freshly plucked from the garden.
Late February and March are a bit more challenging. Hardy winter leaves are often rather unyielding in their assertiveness, and can require equally dominant accompaniments to temper their influence.
That is not to say that the effort is unrewarded; milk-coloured Belgian endive, paired with pungent Roquefort and pears is a wonderful balance of bitter, savoury and sweet. Juicy grapefruit segments are the classic counterpoint to aromatic slivers of shaved fennel. Or, as in here, the wild, barely-green curls of sharp frisée compliment salty Parmesan and a honeyed vinaigrette. The lively layers of texture and taste (almost) make one forget the winter lurking just outside the door.
Epilogue: I should mention that I started writing this post over the weekend, when we were blanketed under snow and dealing with temperatures in double-digit negative degrees Celsius. Mother Nature was evidently in a benevolent mood, as today the sky is positively robin's egg blue and we have been granted an absolutely balmy 15ºC. The snow has melted, and I even have some windows open.
Tomorrow is going to be -4ºC.
My own simple creation. Candied nuts can be used instead of the roasted, and pear substituted for the apple. White balsamic vinegar, albeit untraditional, adds an interesting character to this vinaigrette. If unavailable, Champagne vinegar would be my recommended choice.
For the vinaigrette; in a small bowl whisk together the mustard, honey and white balsamic until combined. Whisking constantly, slowly add the olive oil until the vinaigrette becomes emulsified and thick. Season to taste with salt and pepper. Set aside.
In a dry skillet over medium heat, lightly toast the nuts until fragrant. Remove from pan, set aside. In a bowl, toss together the frisée, apple and nuts. Pour over about half of the vinaigrette and toss gently. Check for seasoning.
Divide the salad between two serving plates, garnish with Parmesan shavings. Drizzle additional vinaigrette over the plates, reserving some to be served alongside if desired.


Riding a motorcycle is one of the cooler things you can do, while simultaneously being one of the more dangerous things you can do. At least that's what movies and TV shows have taught me (Wild Hogs NOT included).
The guy in this video only made it one of those things – dangerous. Luckily for him, he had a nautical friend on his side in the form of a docked sailboat.
My first thought when seeing the title of the video was that this was going to be something very ugly. A motorcycle crashing into a boat!? A lot of things have to go wrong for that sentence to be possible. So I braced for the worst. When the motorcyclist was operating at a speed of roughly five miles per hour, that's when I became skeptical.
The moment before the biker takes a dive, luckily right into a sailboat.
How is a boat going to come into the video? How is he going to "crash" at 5 MPH? Well, consider my questions answered.
A simple bump into a one of the posts the biker failed to weave through was able to cause all kinds of chaos, sending the man into the abyss. But something was watching out for him, and that something was a sailboat. The boat keeps the biker dry and breaks his fall, but we can't say the same for the bike. We're sure he'll gladly swap not being seriously injured or taking a plunge for some minor repairs on the bike though. Next time, maybe park the bike instead? Easy for us to say in our uncool non-dangerous desk chairs.


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Q: Problem with shadows in Xamarin.Forms with Android
How can I eliminate the shadow inherited from the elements under the <Frame>?
In the image you can see that in the first block ("With shadow") all the elements that have a background color inherit the shadow of the red Frame (which has the property HasShadow = "True"), while in the second block it does not inherit it because the HasShadow property is False. This incorrect behavior occurs only in Android, while it works properly in iOS.
How can I not inherit the shadow?
Here is the XML:
<StackLayout Spacing="10" VerticalOptions="Start">
    <Image Source="{ext:ImageResource AppBasic.Images.Icons.close.png}"/>
    <ffimage:CachedImage Source="{ext:ImageResource AppBasic.Images.Layout.user.png}" />
    <StackLayout Spacing="10">

        <Frame HasShadow="True" HorizontalOptions="Center" WidthRequest="56" HeightRequest="56" CornerRadius="28" BackgroundColor="Red" />
        <f9p:Label LineBreakMode="TailTruncation" Fit="Lines" Lines="1" HorizontalOptions="Start" VerticalOptions="Center" BackgroundColor="Green">GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT</f9p:Label>
        <StackLayout BackgroundColor="Orange" Padding="20" VerticalOptions="Start" HorizontalOptions="Start"></StackLayout>
        Text
    </StackLayout>
    <StackLayout Spacing="10">

        <Frame HasShadow="False" HorizontalOptions="Center" WidthRequest="56" HeightRequest="56" CornerRadius="28" BackgroundColor="Red" />
        <f9p:Label LineBreakMode="TailTruncation" Fit="Lines" Lines="1" HorizontalOptions="Start" VerticalOptions="Center" BackgroundColor="Green">GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT GIFT</f9p:Label>
        <StackLayout BackgroundColor="Orange" Padding="20" VerticalOptions="Start" HorizontalOptions="Start"></StackLayout>
        Text
    </StackLayout>
</StackLayout>

A: Looks like a bug... You can wrap the Frame on a Grid to fix this behavior.
...
<Grid>
    <Frame HasShadow="True" HorizontalOptions="Center" WidthRequest="56" HeightRequest="56" CornerRadius="28" BackgroundColor="Red" />
</Grid>
...

A: You could implement shadow on each element by using Effect .
in Forms
public class ShadowEffect : RoutingEffect
{
    public float Radius { get; set; }

    public Color Color { get; set; }

    public float DistanceX { get; set; }

    public float DistanceY { get; set; }

    public ShadowEffect () : base ("MyCompany.LabelShadowEffect")
    {
    }
}

in iOS
using xxx.iOS;
using Xamarin.Forms;
using Xamarin.Forms.Platform.iOS;

[assembly: ResolutionGroupName("MyCompany")]
[assembly: ExportEffect(typeof(LabelShadowEffect), "LabelShadowEffect")]
namespace xxx.iOS
{
    public class LabelShadowEffect : PlatformEffect
    {
        protected override void OnAttached()
        {
            try
            {
                var effect = (ShadowEffect)Element.Effects.FirstOrDefault(e => e is ShadowEffect);
                if (effect != null)
                {
                    Control.Layer.ShadowRadius = effect.Radius;
                    Control.Layer.ShadowColor = effect.Color.ToCGColor();
                    Control.Layer.ShadowOffset = new CGSize(effect.DistanceX, effect.DistanceY);
                    Control.Layer.ShadowOpacity = 1.0f;
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Cannot set property on attached control. Error: ", ex.Message);
            }
        }

        protected override void OnDetached()
        {
        }
    }
}

in Android
using System;
using System.Linq;
using xxx;
using xxx.Droid;
using Xamarin.Forms;
using Xamarin.Forms.Platform.Android;

[assembly:ResolutionGroupName ("MyCompany")]
[assembly:ExportEffect (typeof(LabelShadowEffect), "LabelShadowEffect")]
namespace xxx.Droid
{
    public class LabelShadowEffect : PlatformEffect
    {
        protected override void OnAttached ()
        {
            try {
                var control = Control as Android.Widget.TextView;
                var effect = (ShadowEffect)Element.Effects.FirstOrDefault (e => e is ShadowEffect);
                if (effect != null) {
                    float radius = effect.Radius;
                    float distanceX = effect.DistanceX;
                    float distanceY = effect.DistanceY;
                    Android.Graphics.Color color = effect.Color.ToAndroid ();
                    control.SetShadowLayer (radius, distanceX, distanceY, color);
                }
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                Console.WriteLine ("Cannot set property on attached control. Error: ", ex.Message);
            }
        }

        protected override void OnDetached ()
        {
        }
    }
}

And in Xmal

        <local:ShadowEffect Radius="5" DistanceX="5" DistanceY="5">
            <local:ShadowEffect.Color>
                <OnPlatform x:TypeArguments="Color">
                      <On Platform="iOS" Value="Black" />
                      <On Platform="Android" Value="Red" />
                </OnPlatform>
            </local:ShadowEffect.Color>
        </local:ShadowEffect>

You can add the effect on any elements like Image or Entry .

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Invention of Solitude by Paul Auster
Author: Paul Auster
Advice On Parenting, Autobiography: Literary, Biography: Literary, danhmuc_tangkem_1, danhmuc_tangkem_2, Memoirs
From Paul Auster, author of the forthcoming 4 3 2 1: A Novel - his very first book, a moving and personal meditation on fatherhood This debut work by New York Times-bestselling author Paul Auster (The New York Trilogy), a memoir, established Auster's reputation as a major new voice in American writing. His moving and personal meditation on fatherhood is split into two stylistically separate sections. In the first, Auster reflects on the memories of his father who was a distant, undemonstrative, and cold man who died an untimely death. As he sifts through his Father's things, Auster uncovers a sixty-year-old murder mystery that sheds light on his father's elusive character. In the second section, the perspective shifts and Auster begins to reflect on his own identity as a father by adopting the voice of a narrator, "A." Through a mosaic of images, coincidences, and associations "A," contemplates his separation from his son, his dying grandfather, turning the story into a self-conscious reflection on the process of writing.
About Paul Auster
Paul Auster is the bestselling author of The New York Trilogy and many other critically acclaimed novels. He was awarded the Prince of Asturias Prize in 2006. His work has been translated into more than forty languages. He lives in Brooklyn, New York.
Notes for the Everlost: A Field Guide to Grief by Kate Inglis
Raising a Sensory Smart Child : The Definitive Handbook for Helping Your Child with Sensory Processing Issues, Revised and Updated Edition by Lindsey Biel / Nancy Peske
A Child Is Born by Lennart Nilsson
Learning Habit : A Groundbreaking Approach to Homework and Parenting That Helps Our Children Succeed in School and Life by Stephanie Donaldson-Pressman
Mayo Clinic Complete Book of Pregnancy & Baby's First Year
Far from the Tree : Parents, Children, and the Search for Identity by Andrew Solomon
Mother to Daughter : Shared Wisdom from the Heart
Mass Market Paperback - New
Father to Daughter : Life Lessons on Raising a Girl


A teens-only movie matinee is scheduled for 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. today at the Springfield Public Library, 225 Fifth St..
The featured film is Tim Burton�s �Corpse Bride� (rated PG). Free pizza and refreshments will be avilable.
For more information, call 541-726-2237.
A large benefit plant sale will be held at Camp Creek Church during the annual Camp Creek garage sales on Friday and Saturday.
Many exotic plants donated by local plant expert William McKenzie will be featured, as well as trees and shrubs. The church is at 37529 Upper Camp Creek Road.
The Mohawk Valley Community Grange will sponsor a band jam with Beth�s Backup Band at 5 p.m. Saturday.
Everybody is invited to join in with guitars, fiddles, accordions and whatever other instruments show up. Bring the family and a favorite dish to share for potluck at 6 p.m.
Donations will be accepted, with proceeds going toward a high school scholarship.
To reach the hall, take Marcola Road past milepost 14 and turn right at the grange sign at 93727 Marcola Road.
Donors must be at least 16 years old, weigh at least 110 pounds and be in general good health. Bring picture identification. For an appointment or information, call 541-484-9111 or visit lmbb.org.
The Springfield Public Library will offer a free Spanish language story time at 1 p.m. Saturday.
The program, for children up to age 6, features stories and songs in Spanish. It is held the last Saturday of every month in the children�s department.
On Saturday at 2 p.m., the Springfield Public Library will present a performance by singer Jessie Marquez and jazz pianist Greg Goebel.
The event is presented by the Springfield Library Foundation as part of its Author and Music Series. It will take place in the Library Meeting Room at City Hall, 225 Fifth St.
Admission is free. For more information, call 541-726-2237.
Do you have a �sweet treat� recipe with filberts that could take the blue ribbon?
You might want to enter a dessert in SummerFest�s Filbert Sweet Treat Contest on July 18, and possibly win cash and prizes.
To enter, submit the full recipe with instructions. Submissions must include your full name, address and phone number. Indicate if the entry is for the adult contest, 16 and older; or the youth contest, up to age 15.
Submissions can be dropped off in person or mailed to the Filbert Sweet Treat Contest, Willamalane Park and Recreation District, 250 S. 32nd St., Springfield, OR 97478.
Registration is required by July 9.
For more information about the contest, call 541-736-4544.
For complete information about SummerFest, visit willamalane .org.


text:
Pennsylvania State University (Penn State)
Genetically Modified Bacteria for Fuel Production
University Park,
http://psu.edu
Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) is genetically engineering bacteria called Rhodobacter to use electricity or electrically generated hydrogen to convert carbon dioxide into liquid fuels. In collaboration with the University of Kentucky, Penn State is taking genes from oil-producing algae called Botryococcus braunii and putting them into Rhodobacter to produce hydrocarbon molecules, which closely resemble gasoline. Penn State is developing engineered tanks to support microbial fuel production and determining the most economical way to feed the electricity or hydrogen to the bacteria, including using renewable sources of power like solar energy.
If successful, the Penn State team would create a liquid transportation fuel that is cost competitive with traditional gasoline-based fuels and 10 times more efficient than existing biofuels.
Cost-competitive electrofuels would help reduce U.S. dependence on imported oil and increase the nation's energy security.
A domestic electrofuels industry could contribute tens of billions of dollars to the nation's economy. Widespread use of electrofuels could also help stabilize gasoline prices—saving drivers money at the pump.
Dr. Wayne Curtis
wrc2@psu.edu


While these are not a patch on the traditional Italian meatballs made by Nonna's all over the world, they are almost as delicious and much healthier for you too! You can serve these with zucchini noodles to be gluten-free, pasta or even a simple side salad. In winter you can serve them atop my silky sweet potato mash for a warming meal.
Great easy and quick dinner served with pasta. But you are mental if you think 12 meatballs serves 6 people, 2 each! Really! ?
What a great recipe! Delicious as is, but there is so much room for variation. I made the LCHF version by adding cream to the sauce and stuffing the meatballs with cheese. I also used Cajun seasoning (I had it in the cupboard) instead of Italian seasoning it was beyond delicious.
I served ours with zoodles and everyone loved it. 10/10 would make again.
I wasn't 100% as sold on these as all the other SM recipes after my first try of them. But I thought I'd give them another try. I'd run out of Italian spice mix so used the Mexican instead and they were Amazing! So tasty! I did also cheat and add 1/3 of a cup of bread crumbs (not very skinny I know) but this did give them the texture I'm used to in meatballs and they were so yummy!
Just made these as the LCHF version and wow. Amazing . I didnt find the taste changed much with the LCHF. Served with sweet potato mash for me and the hubby and kidlets have Dinosaur pasta. Loving skinnymixers meals.
An absolute favourite in our family.. Our 3.5yr old asks for "sketti and meatballs' everynight!
Absolutely love these meatballs- great family dinner, quick, easy, tasty and very ecominical – will be a regular in this house!
A delicious meal that is absolutely jam packed with flavour. Enjoyed by the whole family. This will definitely be a regular meal in our household.
So few ingredients but so much flavor! Enjoyed by everyone in our house.


No energy technology is without trade-offs, technical limitations and environmental impacts. And solar power is no different, despite of what you may have heard.
Yes, sunshine is free. But manufacturing, transporting, installing and maintaining the equipment necessary to harness the Sun's power and put that energy to practical everyday use is far from free, though that big-picture perspective isn't something you'll get from industry advocates. They would prefer that you think of solar power in a one-dimensional way.
Solar power panels don't just appear by magic. The materials and chemicals of which they consist, and the industrial means used to pull these elements together and make them work, can't be forgotten when we look at the environmental impacts of Big Sun. Large-scale solar power production can't be done on residential rooftops, but requires construction of giant complexes, sprawling across the landscape, not to mention the transmission towers and corridors needed to deliver that power to market. That sasquatch-sized "footprint" also isn't something you'll hear a lot about from solar cheerleaders.
Seeing sun power whole, and putting it in proper context, requires that we take a closer and deeper look, from the mining of rough materials to the disposal of past-their-prime solar panels. Only by taking this holistic view can we fairly compare one energy technology with another. Solar Secrets will help visitors understand that allegedly- "clean" and - "green" energy technologies also have environmental consequences, so they can make educated comparisons between energy options.


About a year ago I backed a project on Kickstarter for the Sansaire Sous Vide machine. It was a purchase of passion and took a little convincing to a certain rationally-thinking wife that it was going to be amazing. It arrived, I tried it out without much fanfare, and put it in the cabinet. Well I recently got re-excited about it and have had lots of success, so I thought I'd share what came out of our kitchen!
Whoa. My first blog post as a dad. It's been tough. As Wes sleeps (or doesn't), we sleep (or don't). These past few weeks have been rough, so to combat the morning … and day … and night … exhaustion, we've dialed up the coffee intake quite a bit. And in the Texas summer, iced coffee is really the only option.


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17 years only one local and one tourist had been killed by a crocodile. The attack was out of character for a crocodile and no boats have been bitten again since then. After a while one suddenly started following him, and gained rapidly. When the croc let him go he yelled at his daughters to get out of the water and threw the youngest one on the bank. The sandy muddy spot was their favourite spot. Venom Collector Combo.90 while stocks last. Weipa, September 2005 When fishermen on the Mission Rover, just north of Weipa, caught.2 metre bull shark they decided to throw it back. A crocodile, which must have been watching him for a while, burst out of the water of the Daintree river and ate him, filmed by a tourist who happened to spot it from his tour boat.
Photo: The aria-award winning artist has been on tour for maytag bravos steam dryer hookup the past two months. Residents say the croc has lived in their suburb for years but is now growing to a size that he might change his diet from dogs to children, the local primary school is warning their students to stay away from the lake. The public thorught he was an idiot and said he should donate the money from the interview to charity or the rescuers that came to his aid. "The crowd were so incensed by it that it was starting to get really ugly so we just decided to leave he said. In, victoria please contact your local police station. NSW, sydney Office, coordinator OMC, locked Bag A3000 Sydney South NSW 1232 Ph: (02) NT Darwin Office Coordinator OMC PO Box 40445 Casuarina NT 0811 Ph: (08) QLD Brisbane Office Coordinator OMC PO Box 920 Spring Hill QLD 4004 Ph: (07) QLD Cairns Office Coordinator OMC.


Major revisions to any programming language are alarming, but Wesley J. Chun believes that Python 3.x brings real improvements to solve long-established problems. He points out some of the more interesting changes that obliterate design flaws and outdated functionality carried across from release to release, promising that you'll find Python 3 to be leaner, meaner, and more powerful than ever before.
Python 3.0 represents an evolution of the language that will not execute most older code written against the 2.x interpreters. This doesn't mean that you won't recognize it any more, or that "major" porting is required to make old code work under 3.x. Believe it or not, the new syntax is quite similar to that of the past. However, when the print statement no longer exists, it's easy to "break" the old code. This article discusses print and other 3.x changes, and we'll shed some light on the "required evolution" that Python must undergo to be better than it used to be. Finally, we present a few migration tools that may help you in your transition to Python 3.x.


text:
Q: How to flip the image inside an svg horizontally? I have the following svg image and I want to flip the image horizontally. How can I do that? Already tried adding scale(-1, 1) to some of the transform statements, but it does not seem to work.
Note: The svg is an export from sketch, so it might be a little strange formatted.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<svg width="645px" height="470px" viewBox="0 0 645 470" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <defs>
        <path d="M38.5969948,-2.22080132e-11 C16.8456745,30.2125678 3.07305242,70.3781435 0.923015792,123.840504 C-7.15396842,324.681101 174,465.890038 341,469.890015 C508,473.889991 658.942386,367.295224 643.971193,180.147362 C637.875363,103.946248 607.401187,44.0482171 563.7625,-2.35331754e-11 L38.5969948,-1.42108547e-14 Z" id="path-1"></path>
    </defs>
    <g id="Page-1" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd">
        <g id="Bitmap">
            <mask id="mask-2" fill="white">
                <use xlink:href="#path-1"></use>
            </mask>
            <image mask="url(#mask-2)" x="-800" y="0" width="1867.94872" height="470" xlink:href="http://www.castleknockhotel.com/cmsGallery/imagerow/5904/resized/1600x400/cycling_passion_of_life_high_resolution_wallpaper_for_desktop_background_download_cycling_images_free.jpg">
            </image>
        </g>
    </g>
</svg>

Note: I only want to flip the image, and don't want to flip the mask.

A: Aaah... I found a solution. I needed to wrap the image and add the mask to the container. Then transform the image.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<svg width="645px" height="470px" viewBox="0 0 645 470" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <defs>
        <path d="M38.5969948,-2.22080132e-11 C16.8456745,30.2125678 3.07305242,70.3781435 0.923015792,123.840504 C-7.15396842,324.681101 174,465.890038 341,469.890015 C508,473.889991 658.942386,367.295224 643.971193,180.147362 C637.875363,103.946248 607.401187,44.0482171 563.7625,-2.35331754e-11 L38.5969948,-1.42108547e-14 Z" id="path-1"></path>
    </defs>
    <g id="Page-1" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd">
        <g id="Bitmap">
            <mask id="mask-2" fill="white">
                <use xlink:href="#path-1"></use>
            </mask>
            <g mask="url(#mask-2)">
                <image x="-800" y="0" width="1867.94872" height="470" xlink:href="http://www.castleknockhotel.com/cmsGallery/imagerow/5904/resized/1600x400/cycling_passion_of_life_high_resolution_wallpaper_for_desktop_background_download_cycling_images_free.jpg" transform="scale(-1 1)">
                </image>
            </g>
        </g>
    </g>
</svg>

A: Scale use the origin of the coordinate system.
If you want to scale it in the center of the Image, you have to translate middle of the Imgage to the origin, then scale, then translate back:
Add the attribute:
transform="translate(tx,0) scale(-1,1) translate(-tx,0)"

With tx = PositionOfImageX + WidthOfImgage / 2
Note: Transform  process from right to left, so it starts with translate(-tx,0)


I am in Amsterdam on a 'working holiday,' and specifically today I'm trying to finish a section about Karl Ove Knausgård. In particular, I am trying to say something more specific and definite about the uncanny power of his evocations of the everyday or the banal.
As a whole these volumes work not by synecdoche or metaphor, beauty or drama, or even storytelling. What's notable is Karl Ove's ability, rare these days, to be fully present in and mindful of his own existence. Every detail is put down without apparent vanity or decoration, as if the writing and the living are happening simultaneously. There shouldn't be anything remarkable about any of it except for the fact that it immerses you totally. You live his life with him.
She seems to be drawing here on the vocabulary of the contemporary enthusiasm for quasi-Buddhist 'mindfulness' meditation… When you have to reach to the New Age section of your vocabulary to describe a literary effect, you know you're in a bit of a strange spot.
Yet if we wish to bring to our notice the most marvellous thing that can be achieved in this connection, we must look at the genre painting of the later Dutch painters. What, in its general spirit, is the substantial basis out of which it issued, is a matter on which I touched above in the consideration of the Ideal as such. Satisfaction in present-day life, even in the commonest and smallest things, flows in the Dutch from the fact that what nature affords directly to other nations, they have had to acquire by hard struggles and bitter industry, and, circumscribed in their locality, they have become great in their care and esteem of the most insignificant things. On the other hand, they are a nation of fishermen, sailors, burghers, and peasants and therefore from the start they have attended to the value of what is necessary and useful in the greatest and smallest things, and this they can procure with the most assiduous industry. In religion the Dutch were Protestants, an important matter, and to Protestantism alone the important thing is to get a sure footing in the prose of life, to make it absolutely valid in itself independently of religious associations, and to let it develop in unrestricted freedom. To no other people, under its different circumstances, would it occur to make into the principal burden of its works of art subjects like those confronting us in Dutch painting. But in all their interests the Dutch have not lived at all in the distress and poverty of existence and oppression of spirit; on the contrary, they have reformed their Church themselves, conquered religious despotism as well as the Spanish temporal power and its grandeur, and through their activity, industry, bravery, and frugality they have attained, in their sense of a self-wrought freedom, a well-being, comfort, honesty, spirit, gaiety, and even a pride in a cheerful daily life. This is the justification for their choice of subjects to paint. (Knox translation, 597-8, italics mine).
Work was just about over for the day, and we've been trying to decide whether to go back to the Rijksmuseum or not. At least we know where Hegel stands on the matter.


text:
Lawrenceville field hockey ends drought, drops…
Lawrenceville field hockey ends drought, drops Peddie
By trentonian | trentonian@trentonian.com |
HIGHTSTOWN >> Over the last few games, Lawrenceville has been getting the ball to the cage, but the problems arose when it couldn't finish the play.
After a scoreless half against Peddie, the Big Red decided it was time to end the drought.
Sparked by the play of Chloe Jones, Lawrenceville scored twice in final half for a much-needed 2-0 win over prep rival Peddie on a chilly and windy Saturday afternoon on the Falcons' turf.
After dropping two of the last three, including an overtime loss in the Mercer County Tournament to Hopewell Valley on Friday, the Big Red (6-6) saw Jones score a goal and assist on another. The two Lawrenceville goals came within a span of 39 seconds.
"This game was super important," said Jones, a junior. "We haven't been playing our game, our coaches and our captains have been telling us so we wanted to come our strong and we wanted to win,"
Peddie (7-3-1) didn't make it easy.
The Falcons did a good job challenging every loose ball and keeping Lawrenceville away from the goal for all but 39 seconds.
"I thought team were very evenly matched and it really came down to us having a bad minute," said Peddie coach Alli Treese. "Before we got a chance to regroup they were able to bring it down the field. You have to give Lawrenceville credit, though."
Both Peddie and Lawrenceville are now waiting Prep A seeding.
"There is a rivalry with Peddie and this was an important game for us on a lot of levels," said Lawrenceville coach Lisa Ewanchyna. "We talked as a team and asked what do we want for the rest of our season."
The Big Red started the scoring when Jones took a pass from Lexi Grossman and was able cage the ball for a 1-0 lead with 16:40 left.
"We decided at halftime that we wanted to win," said Jones. "We were getting the ball to the cage we just couldn't get them in. So, we kicked it into third gear and got them in. Peddie is a big rival and we always look forward to this game."
It didn't take long to get a little insurance. Jones fed Amelia McLaughlin for a goal with 16:01 remaining.
"We just never got into a good flow," said Treese. "We've had some injuries and we have been moving some people around. The kids played hard and you have to be proud of the effort."
Lawrenceville (6-6) 0 2 – 2 Peddie (7-3-1) 0 0 – 0
Goals – Jones, McLaughlin (L).Assists – Grossman, Jones (L).
Shots – 6 (L). 1 (P).Saves – Oshilaja 1 (L). Lloyd 4 (P).


I'm not planning to write about events that aren't dog-centric, but if you want to do something today that isn't all about dogs, Shirlington Village's annual Oktoberfest is today from noon to 7 p.m. Tastings tickets are $25, and there will be plenty of food and beer vendors. Dogs are allowed, but unless you have a dog that deals with crowds very, very well I wouldn't recommend it, especially as it gets later in the afternoon. The street tends to fill with long lines and very drunk 20-somethings, and a timid pup can easily be overwhelmed. Dogma Bakery will have a booth, though, and will be selling Bowser Beer, beer pretzels and turkey sausages.
To keep up on all upcoming Shirlington Village news and events, check out the Shirlington Village blog.


text:
import tweepy
import csv
import time
import sys
import json

def get_all_tweets(keyword, limit, consumer_key, consumer_secret, access_key, access_secret):
	#authorize twitter, initialize tweepy
	auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
	auth.set_access_token(access_key, access_secret)
	api = tweepy.API(auth)

	tweets_Collection = []
	allTweets = []
	try:
		tweets_Collection = api.search(q = keyword, count=limit, lang= 'en')
		while len(tweets_Collection) < limit:
			if len(tweets_Collection) == limit:
				break
			else:
				allTweets = []
				allTweets = api.search(q = keyword, count=100, lang= 'en')
				tweets_Collection.extend(allTweets)
	except tweepy.TweepError, e:
		if str(e) == str([{u'message': u'Rate limit exceeded', u'code': 88}]):
			time.sleep(60*5) #Sleep for 5 minutes
		elif str(e) == str([{u'message': u'Bad Authentication data.', u'code': 215}]):
			return e
		elif str(e) == str([{u'message': u'Invalid or expired token.', u'code': 89}]):
			return e
		elif str(e) == "Not authorized.":
			return e
		else:
			return e
	return tweets_Collection

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package main

import (
	"archive/zip"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
)

var (
	NoEPUBError     = fmt.Errorf("File does not seem to be an EPUB file")
	InvalidXMLError = fmt.Errorf("EPUB file contains invalid XML")
	UnexpectedError = fmt.Errorf("An unexpected error happened")
)

type Person struct {
	Name   string
	FileAs string
	Role   string
}

type Date struct {
	Date  string
	Event string
}

type Identifier struct {
	Identifier string
	Scheme     string
}

type EPUB struct {
	Version      string
	Titles       []string
	Creators     []*Person
	Contributors []*Person
	Subjects     []string
	Description  string
	Publisher    string
	Dates        []*Date
	Identifiers  []*Identifier
	Source       string
	Languages    []string
	Rights       string
}

type epubFile struct {
	data *EPUB
	r    *zip.ReadCloser
}

func Parse(path string) (*EPUB, error) {
	r, err := zip.OpenReader(path)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	ef := &epubFile{&EPUB{}, r}
	defer ef.r.Close()

	c, err := parseContainer(ef)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	err = parseOEBPSPackage(ef, c)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return ef.data, nil
}

func (c *Person) String() string {
	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(c, "", "  ")
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Sprintf("Could not convert Person to string: %s", err)
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("&Person%s", data)
}

func (e *EPUB) String() string {
	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(e, "", "  ")
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Sprintf("Could not convert EPUB to string: %s", err)
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("&EPUB%s", data)
}


text:
The 10 Most Expensive Military Watches Available Today
Military watches are rumored to have been named that when the German military requested a German watchmaker to make a watch for a soldier in a guard tower. Another story is that military watches were first used by a German naval officer who needed a wristwatch when he could not tell the time by pulling out his pocket watch since both of his hands were otherwise occupied by his weapon. Yet another tale tells that an order was placed at a trade show in Berlin by Wilhelm I and saw action in the Boer War.
So, what makes a watch a military watch? The terminology usually implies a sturdy watch that the manufacturers made to military specifications. In the past, some defense departments collaborated with watchmaking companies for providing military men with appropriate watches for matching the activities they were involved in. IWC provided watches for pilots, Rolex made watches for divers and more. The common denominator has been that they be rugged, easily read and often had straps that were NATO-style.
The #1 most expensive of all military watches ever known was sold at a Christie's auction in Geneva for $1,734,862. It was a Patek Phillipe that was purchased by a Swiss museum. According to the archives at Patek Phillipe, this military watch was made in 1936 and sold later that same year on September 28. It is rumored to be a 55mm prototype that is very unique and the only one of its kind in existence. It sports a black lacquer dial, Arabic numerals made of a luminous material, and an hour hand that is rotating only once every 24 hours.
Here are 10 of the most expensive military watches available for purchase right now:
10. Swiss Army Men's Alpnach Mechanical Chronograph Watch – $ 2,295.00
This Swiss Army watch offers timeless design, a rotating bezel that is unidirectional and has green accents on the black dial. It is self-winding with a chronograph movement. The crystal is scratch-resistant and anti-reflective.
9. Luminor Submersible – ACCIAIO – 44MM- Automatic – $7,200.00
The movement on this military watch is OP III caliber and its functions include immersion time calculation, date, hours, minutes, and seconds. The automatic mechanical movement is complemented by 21 jewels, Glucydur® balance, and a 42-hour power reserve. It also offers an anti-shock device called Incabloc®. The 44mm case is made of polished steel and the bezel is brushed steel.
8. Breitling Chronomat 44/ CB0110AA/A698-740P – $9,995.00
This military offering from high-end watch manufacturer, Breitling, is a water-resistant chronograph watch with a mechanical movement. It has a dial of white mother of pearl and is set with diamonds on the bezel. It also has a self-winding chronometer movement that is automatic.
7. Omega Railmaster Steel Vintage Diving Watch with Military Markings- $14,323.22
This is a 1957 Swiss made vintage watch with perfect mechanical functionality. It is quite rare, was made in 1958, and is fully guaranteed for authenticity. It features broad arrow hands, a black face, a 38mm stainless steel case, and luminous dial. It is not water resistant, however.
6. IWC Pilot's Watch- Spitfire Chronograph 18K Rose Gold – $24,300
This watch is new and Swiss made with a 43mm case. It has chronograph, day and date functions and is water resistant. It also has a genuine leather band and the movement is automatic/kinetic with an analog display.
5. Panerai Luminor 1950 GMT PAM 493 Special Limited Edition in 18K Rose Gold – $28,000.00
This Swiss made military watch has a rose gold 44mm round case, easy-to-read 12-hour dial, dual time zones, large Arabic numerals, sapphire crystal, luminous hands, and a power reserve indicator. The face and band color are both brown and the Swiss movement is automatic and mechanical. It is water resistant to 50m (5 ATM).
4. Omega Grail – Military Chronograph Pilots Watch – Vintage 1939- $32,778.13
This Swiss made military watch is pre-owned and in original condition. It has a genuine leather band, 17 jewels, 12-hour dial, Arabic numerals and a 38mm case. It is aviator style and also has a round stainless steel case manufactured between 1930 and 1939.
3. 1968 Czech Republic Limited Edition PRIM Orlík 55 l.e.- $50,000
Developed under the orders of the Ministry of National Defense, this military watch offers fluorescent indices, revolving ring, and hands, as well as an anti-reflexive surface, high shock resistance, and it is watertight up to 5 ATM. It also offers a precise tick and consistent reliability. The casing, bottom and winding wheel are made of Phonix MAZ, which is a special stainless steel that prevents light reflection. In addition, it has Umaplex glass that's 2.7 mm thick for resisting high pressures. According to one Czech ex-soldier, these military watches were also by the divers in his unit and were purported to be waterproof to a depth of 60 meters.
2. U-Boat Black Swan Lux Watch Italo Gold & Diamonds – Fontana Limited Edition S – $100,000
This amazing vintage military watch has a solid 45mm diameter 18 K gold case, satin finished hands, a cup crown of 18K gold plus 11 karats total weight of black and white diamonds totaling 800. Each one was singularly set on the buckle and the case with great patience. This watch contains a total gold weight of 108,25 gr. The movement is automatic mechanical and the entire watch was made with personalization that meets U-Boat specs. The crystal is made of high-quality sapphire and is scratch proof. The watch's dial has one ruby and two dials that are superimposed. The watch strap is crafted from alligator black leather that has been hand-finished with black diamonds alongside the buckle.
1. Hublot Mp 05 Laferrari 50 Day/1200 Hours Men's Watch- Power Reserve- $345,000.00
This amazingly expensive Swiss made military watch has a hand wind movement, sapphire crystal that is scratch resistant, skeleton dial, fixed bezel, a digital dial, 46mm titanium case, and an 8.5-inch black rubber strap. It also has a push/pull crown and a Hublot caliber hub9005.h1.6 engine. This watch has a water resistance to 100 feet/30 meters. It is a limited edition that only included 50 watches, hence the price.


text:
Q: How can I get access to the firebase key's value and store it in a variable? Im trying to get the value of the photoURL under users for a specific user and save it as a variable so that I can use it in my action. Any suggestions?
I can get access to the value of photoURL but cannot save it as a variable.
    {
      "users" : {
          "NQgSxcVKm1N3tnkykUevBM45JLn2" : {
            "name" : "Tom Hanks",
            "photoURL" : "https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/myapp-d0755.appspot.com/o/profilePhotos%2....",
            "receiver" : "RIXXnKMGxYRPBTe1kBUsNUV9eFL2",
            "sent" : 1557800380001,
            "status" : "pending",
            "uid" : "NQgSxcVKm1N3tnkykUevBM45JLn2"
        }
      }
    }

    export const sendMessage = ({ uid, name, text }) => {
        const { currentUser } = firebase.auth()

        // firebase.database().ref('/users/' + uid).on(('value'), function (snapshot) {
        //     const photo = snapshot.val().photoURL;
        // });

        const firstLast = firebase.auth().currentUser.displayName
        const photoURL = firebase.auth().currentUser.photoURL
        return (dispatch) => {

            firebase.database().ref(`/messageList/${currentUser.uid}/${uid}`)
                .set({ uid, name,photo:photo, text, created: firebase.database.ServerValue.TIMESTAMP })
                .then(() => {
                    firebase.database().ref(`/messageList/${uid}/${currentUser.uid}`)
                        .set({ uid: currentUser.uid, name: firstLast, text, photo: photoURL, created: firebase.database.ServerValue.TIMESTAMP })
                })
                .then(() => {
                    dispatch({
                        type: SEND_MESSAGE
                    });
                });
        };
    };

I am trying to save it as a variable photo so that the first dispatch / firebase .set works.


France is famous for its wine, cheese and…unions. It is well established now that any reform considered by any government, left or right, has to be approved by unions (or, at least, not strongly opposed) in order to have a chance to be passed. Strange situation in a country where less than 8% of all employees have a union membership card—the lowest rate in the EU. Despite the poor legitimacy that such a low membership rate implies, unions are getting important grants and allowances from the state as well as from businesses.
According to an article published by Le Figaro Magazine, those financial supports would amount to more than €4 billion per year. This is more than half of the budget of the ministry of justice. Meanwhile, contributions from their members account for only 3-4% of their spending. In any other EU country membership fees account for 80% of the budget of unions.
According to a recent parliamentary report, the budget and spending of unions remain completely obscure. True, it is only since 2010 that unions have the obligation to publish their accounts; nobody ever asked them to justify their expenses since their creation in 1884! This probably explains that many of them have decided to ignore the new law and have not disclosed their accounts yet.
According to the same report, between 17 000 and 28 000 civil servants are working for unions, while being paid by the state. The number is not clear, because nobody actually knows it or cares about it in the various ministries. The money spent on the respective salaries is estimated to be around €1.3 billion. The private sector is subsidizing its unions with €1.6 billion per year. Last but not least source of revenues for the unions is their quasi monopoly on professional training, which represents some €6.3 billion. The flourishing financial situation of unions, even in those difficult times of crisis, is puzzling. According to some analysts (Jean-Luc Touly, author of several books on unions' financing), this situation is easy to explain – unions function by converting into cash their support for reforms. This is true not only at the national level, but also for large private or public companies. This would explain, for example, why the RATP (Paris railroad transportation) is giving to its unions €16 million per year, that is, €7 million more than the amount requested by the law. The same is true for other top French companies like Air France, eager to secure its privatization plan and merger with KLM, or like EDF, the electricity company, which hosts the richest union committee in France.
The lesson is that in France things don't always taste as they look. Unions aren't so much opposing capitalism than taking their shares in a, until now, flourishing crony capitalism. But, that very bizarre understanding of "social cooperation" could be living its last days. The debt crisis and coming recession will unavoidably hit the system and unions' revenues with it. And the necessary and difficult reforms of the French "social model", including the 35 hours working week and the pensions system, will require negotiators with true legitimacy. May be the Parliament could takeover the job while a new form of unions develop. That will save time and money. Meanwhile we still have cheese and wine which, most of the time, taste as good as they look.