text:
120 min | 126 min (Director's Cut)
John and Jane Smith are a normal married couple, living a normal life in a normal suburb, working normal jobs...well, if you can call secretly being assassins "normal". But neither Jane nor John knows about their spouse's secret, until they are surprised to find each other as targets! But on their quest to kill each other, they learn a lot more about each other than they ever did in five (or six) years of marriage. Written by Anonymous
Genre: Action, Comedy, Crime, Romance, Thriller,
Six months after the events depicted in The Matrix, Neo has proved to be a good omen for the free humans, as more and more humans are being freed from the matrix and brought to Zion, the one and only stronghold of the Resistance. Neo himself has discovered his superpowers including super speed, ability to see the codes of the things inside the matrix, and a certain degree of precognition. But a nasty piece of news hits the human resistance: 250,000 machine sentinels are digging to Zion and would reach them in 72 hours. As Zion prepares for the ultimate war, Neo, Morpheus and Trinity are advised by the Oracle to find the Keymaker who would help them reach the Source. Meanwhile Neo's recurrent dreams depicting Trinity's death have got him worried and as if it was not enough, Agent Smith has somehow escaped deletion, has become more powerful than before and has chosen Neo as his next target. Written by Soumitra
Genre: Action, Sci-Fi,
Supervillains Harley Quinn, Bloodsport, Peacemaker and a collection of nutty cons at Belle Reve prison join the super-secret, super-shady Task Force X as they are dropped off at the remote, enemy-infused island of Corto Maltese.
Country: United States, United States, Canada, United States, United States, Canada, United Kingdom
Genre: Action, Adventure, Comedy, Sci-Fi,
The general public is concerned over having Superman on their planet and letting the "Dark Knight" - Batman - pursue the streets of Gotham. While this is happening, a power-phobic Batman tries to attack Superman.,Meanwhile Superman tries to settle on a decision, and Lex Luthor, the criminal mastermind and millionaire, tries to use his own advantages to fight the "Man of Steel". Written by Mine Turtle
Dave Lizewski is an unnoticed high school student and comic book fan with a few friends and who lives alone with his father. His life is not very difficult and his personal trials not that overwhelming. However, one day he makes the simple decision to become a super-hero even though he has no powers or training. Written by Daniel J. Leary
It's the story about a lazy, irreverent slacker panda, named Po, who is the biggest fan of Kung Fu around...which doesn't exactly come in handy while working every day in his family's noodle shop. Unexpectedly chosen to fulfill an ancient prophecy, Po's dreams become reality when he joins the world of Kung Fu and studies alongside his idols, the legendary Furious Five -- Tigress, Crane, Mantis, Viper and Monkey -- under the leadership of their guru, Master Shifu. But before they know it, the vengeful and treacherous snow leopard Tai Lung is headed their way, and it's up to Po to defend everyone from the oncoming threat. Can he turn his dreams of becoming a Kung Fu master into reality? Po puts his heart - and his girth - into the task, and the unlikely hero ultimately finds that his greatest weaknesses turn out to be his greatest strengths. Written by Anthony Pereyra {[email protected]}
Genre: Animation, Action, Adventure, Comedy, Family,
In the 1870s, Captain Nathan Algren, a cynical veteran of the American Civil war who will work for anyone, is hired by Americans who want lucrative contracts with the Emperor of Japan to train the peasant conscripts for the first standing imperial army in modern warfare using firearms. The imperial Omura cabinet's first priority is to repress a rebellion of traditionalist Samurai -hereditary warriors- who remain devoted to the sacred dynasty but reject the Westernizing policy and even refuse firearms. Yet when his ill-prepared superior force sets out too soon, their panic allows the sword-wielding samurai to crush them. Badly wounded Algren's courageous stand makes the samurai leader Katsumoto spare his life; once nursed to health he learns to know and respect the old Japanese way, and participates as advisor in Katsumoto's failed attempt to save the Bushido tradition, but Omura gets repressive laws enacted- he must now choose to honor his loyalty to one of the embittered sides when ... Written by KGF Vissers
Country: USA, USA, New Zealand
A bank teller called Guy realizes he is a background character in an open world video game called Free City that will soon go offline.
Country: United States, United States, Canada
Genre: Action, Adventure, Comedy, Fantasy, Sci-Fi,
In 2035, technophobic homicide detective Del Spooner of the Chicago PD heads the investigation of the apparent suicide of leading robotics scientist, Dr. Alfred Lanning. Unconvinced of the motive, Spooner's investigation into Lanning's death reveals a trail of secrets and agendas within the USR (United States Robotics) corporation and suspicions of murder. Little does he know that his investigation would lead to uncovering a larger threat to humanity.
Genre: Action, Crime, Drama, Mystery, Sci-Fi, Thriller,
In high school, Schmidt (Jonah Hill) was a dork and Jenko (Channing Tatum) was the popular jock. After graduation, both of them joined the police force and ended up as partners riding bicycles in the city park. Since they are young and look like high school students, they are assigned to an undercover unit to infiltrate a drug ring that is supplying high school students synthetic drugs. Written by Douglas Young (the-movie-guy)
Pacific Rim Uprising
It has been ten years since The Battle of the Breach and the oceans are still, but restless. Vindicated by the victory at the Breach, the Jaeger program has evolved into the most powerful global defense force in human history. The PPDC now calls upon the best and brightest to rise up and become the next generation of heroes when the Kaiju threat returns.
Thor: Ragnarök
Thor is imprisoned on the other side of the universe and finds himself in a race against time to get back to Asgard to stop Ragnarok, the destruction of his homeworld and the end of Asgardian civilization, at the hands of an all-powerful new threat, the ruthless Hela.
144 min | 190 min (director's cut) | 194 min (director's cut roadshow)
It is the time of the Crusades during the Middle Ages - the world shaping 200-year collision between Europe and the East. A blacksmith named Balian has lost his family and nearly his faith. The religious wars raging in the far-off Holy Land seem remote to him, yet he is pulled into that immense drama. Amid the pageantry and intrigues of medieval Jerusalem he falls in love, grows into a leader, and ultimately uses all his courage and skill to defend the city against staggering odds. Destiny comes seeking Balian in the form of a great knight, Godfrey of Ibelin, a Crusader briefly home to France from fighting in the East. Revealing himself as Balian's father, Godfrey shows him the true meaning of knighthood and takes him on a journey across continents to the fabled Holy City. In Jerusalem at that moment--between the Second and Third Crusades--a fragile peace prevails, through the efforts of its enlightened Christian king, Baldwin IV, aided by his advisor Tiberias, and the military ... Written by Sujit R. Varma
Country: USA, USA, UK, USA, USA, UK, Spain, USA, USA, UK, USA, USA, UK, Spain, Germany, USA, USA, UK, USA, USA, UK, Spain, USA, USA, UK, USA, USA, UK, Spain, Germany, Morocco
At the story's heart is Caesar (Andy Serkis), a chimpanzee who gains human-like intelligence and emotions from an experimental drug. Raised like a child by the drug's creator, Will Rodman (James Franco) and a primatologist Caroline Aranha (Freida Pinto), Caesar ultimately finds himself taken from the humans he loves and imprisoned in an ape sanctuary in San Bruno. Seeking justice for his fellow inmates, Caesar gives the fellow apes the same drug that he inherited. He then assembles a simian army and escapes the sanctuary - putting man and ape on a collision course that could change the planet forever. Written by emauger1
In the future, the mutants and the humans that help them are slaughtered by powerful robots named Sentinels. Professor Xavier, Wolverine, Magneto, Storm, Kitty Pryde and her friends meet at a monastery in China and Xavier explains that the invincible Sentinels were created using the DNA of Mystique that was captured in 1973 when she tried to assassinate their creator Dr. Bolivar Trask. Xavier tells that their only chance is return to 1973 using Pryde's ability to join Charles Xavier and Erik Lehnsherr to convince Mystique to give up of her intention. . However, only Wolverine can withstand the damages of the time travel. Will he succeed in stopping Mystique and the Sentinel Program and save the mutants and their human friends from annihilation? Written by Claudio Carvalho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Is there solace in revenge? Bond and "M" sniff a shadowy international network of power and corruption reaping billions. As Bond pursues the agents of an assassination attempt on "M," all roads lead to Dominic Greene, a world-renowned developer of green technology. Greene, a nasty piece of work, is intent on securing a barren area of Bolivia in exchange for assisting a strongman stage a coup there. The CIA looks the other way, and only Bond, with help from a retired spy and from a mysterious beauty, stands in Greene's way. "M" wonders if she can trust Bond, or if vengeance possesses him. Beyond that, can anyone drawn to Bond live to tell the tale? Written by [email protected]
Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir
Marinette Dupain-Cheng, a shy high-school student, has inherited some magical ladybug-shaped earrings. The ornaments grant the power of Luck to whoever wears them. Yet there is one condition : they have to be worn in an altruistic manner, or else, beware of the consequences . Whenever the situation needs it, Marinette turns into LADYBUG, the guardian angel. Written by Anonymous
Country: France, France, South Korea, France, France, South Korea, Japan
Genre: Animation, Action, Adventure, Family, Fantasy, Romance,
The story of Ben Tennyson, a typical kid who becomes very atypical after he discovers the Omnitrix, a mysterious alien device with the power to transform the wearer into ten different alien species.
Continuum takes time travel to a new level of unbelievable storytelling. You cannot miss one episode or you will be lost. The details involved with the continuum of the timeline are explicitly unmatched. This is not a show of good and bad or black and white. It's up to you too decide who the antagonists and protagonists are. Nothing is definitive when time changes.
In this new set of adventures the Autobots live on Earth and maintain their secret identity. They are joined by 3 teens as they battle the Decepticons.
Relic Hunter
Sydney Fox is a professor but primarily a globe-trotting relic hunter, looking for ancient artifacts to return to museums and/or the ancestors of the original owner. She's aided by her linguistic assistant Nigel, and occasionally by her somewhat air-headed secretary Claudia. She often ends up battling rival hunters seeking out artifacts for the money. Written by [email protected]
Country: France, France, Germany, France, France, Germany, Canada, France, France, Germany, France, France, Germany, Canada, USA
Genre: Fantasy, Mystery, Adventure, Action, Sci-Fi,
Forces of evil, chaos, and destruction await. Not even protectors like Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, the Flash, Hawkgirl or the Martian Manhunter may have a chance alone. But together as the Justice League, they are a metahuman force (and a hope) to be reckoned with. Written by RSchaff-2nd
Genre: Animation, Action, Adventure, Drama, Family, Fantasy, Mystery, Romance, Sci-Fi, Thriller,
After stealing a mysterious orb in the far reaches of outer space, Peter Quill from Earth, is now the main target of a manhunt led by the villain known as Ronan the Accuser. To help fight Ronan and his team and save the galaxy from his power, Quill creates a team of space heroes known as the Guardians of the Galaxy to save the world. Written by James Hake
Ben 10: Omniverse
The continuing adventures of Ben Tennyson and his new partner, Rook.
15-year-old Ben Tennyson must utilize the Omnitrix yet again in order to locate his missing Grandpa Max, accompanied by his cousin Gwen and former enemy Kevin 11.
Genre: Animation, Action, Family, Sci-Fi,
This series offers an unflinching look at the tours of duty of several members of a platoon during the Vietnam War. Death is inevitable in war, and major characters do die. The protagonists face the Viet Cong, social disapproval, and sometimes themselves over the course of the series. Written by Jason A. Cormier [email protected]
Genre: Action, Drama, War,
Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated
Fredrick Fred Jones, Jr., Daphne Blake, Velma Dinkley, Norville Shaggy Rogers, and Scooby-Doo make up the team of teenage mystery solvers who live in a small town called Crystal Cove, the self-proclaimed Most Hauntedest Place on Earth. The town's long history of strange disappearances and ghost and monster sightings form the basis for its thriving tourist industry, and as such, the gang's parents and some people (mostly Mayor Fred Jones Sr. and Sheriff Bronson Stone) are not happy that their children are debunking all the supernatural goings-on that bring in so much revenue as the overwrought schemes of charlatans and criminals. In addition to the traditional cases they always solve, the team finds itself being nudged into the uncovering of a dark secret that is hidden in the past of Crystal Cove, covered up by parties unknown. The new Mystery Incorporated is following cryptic hints from a faceless mystery-man known only as Mr. E. The new Mystery Incorporated is unearthing the... Written by TomBrown7654
Genre: Animation, Action, Adventure, Comedy, Family, Mystery,
Barry Al-Fayeed has been living in the United States for twenty years, during which time he got married to Molly Olson, and had two children (Sammy and Emma), with both Molly and he working as physicians, Barry as a pediatrician, in Pasadena. This life belies the fact that at age sixteen, he, under his given name Bassam, escaped his family life in the middle eastern country of Abuddin, where the Al-Fayeeds have been the dictatorial rulers for generations, normally of violent and repressive regimes which he could not morally tolerate. He has not been back to Abuddin since. On the urging of his mother, Barry decides to go back to Abuddin with Molly and family in tow. He may find that leaving Abuddin this second time around is more difficult as he gets ensconced in the troubles the Al-Fayeeds are facing in general in continuing to rule the country as a repressive dictatorship. The longer Barry stays, the more it in turn affects the only life of democratic freedom Molly, Sammy and Emma ... Written by Huggo
The Penguins of Madagascar
A rookery of penguins with attitude -- leader Skipper, brainy Kowalski, loony Rico and young Private -- in Central Park Zoo embarks on what it sees as a series of strike-force missions until confronting an unwelcome challenge to its dominance from a new zoo resident: Julien, King of the Lemurs, in a sequel to the hit animated movies. Written by Jwelch5742
Genre: Animation, Action, Adventure, Comedy, Family, Sci-Fi,
Reality TV series in which two teams of singletons, one an all-male and one an all-female team, compete over a series of physical and mental challenges in the African Savannah.
Genre: Action, Game-Show,
In a world where superheroes have been real for decades, an accountant with no superpowers comes to realize his city is owned by a super villain. As he struggles to uncover this conspiracy, he falls in league with a strange blue superhero.


Popular performance poet, Khadija Heeger's debut collection of poems.
A debut collection of poems from popular performance poet, Khadija Heeger. The collection is the first in a trilogy of poems that Heeger has worked on over many years. This collection is a combination of story-telling, resistance, re-naming, remembering. The language of the book is personal to the poet and reflects the wider community and society she is part of. She mixes languages, English and Afrikaans, and the language of the Cape called Kaaps.
Khadija Tracey Carmelita Heeger was born Cape Town,. She was raised on the Cape Flats in the township of Hanover Park. She started performing when she was nine years old, her dream was to be an actress, but at 15, she started writing seriously and this is how she expresses herself now. She is a well-known and popular performance poet.
In 2007 she was commissioned to write a multidisciplinary theatrical poetry piece in collaboration with indigenous soundscape artists, Khoikonnexion, for the Spier Poetry Festival in 2008. These performances were greeted with standing ovations. This piece was later taken to Grahamstown Festival in 2009 (funded by the National Arts Council of South Africa). Beyond the Delivery Room is the first part in a trilogy called Separation Anxiety. She is currently writing the second, Blood Words, following the crooked lines of DNA. She has also performed in Amherst in the USA, as part of an artist's exchange programme. Beyond the Delivery Room is her first collection of poems.


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U.S. sees surge of nearly 20% in confirmed cases of measles, CDC reports
Monday, 15 April 2019 14:38 GMT
(Adds background details about outbreaks in New York)
April 15 (Reuters) - The number of confirmed cases of measles in the United States this year jumped by nearly 20 percent in the week ended April 11 in the country's second-worst outbreak in nearly two decades, federal health officials reported on Monday.
As of April 11, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recorded 555 cases of the disease since the beginning of the year, up from 465 cases confirmed by April 4. The cases were found in 20 states spanning the country.
The measles virus is highly contagious and can lead to deadly complications, particularly in children. The CDC report did not say whether there have been any fatalities.
A growing and vocal fringe of parents in the United States oppose measles vaccines believing, contrary to scientific evidence, that ingredients in the vaccines can cause autism or other disorders.
The United States declared that measles had been eliminated from the country in 2000, meaning the virus is no longer present year-round. But outbreaks still happen each year, typically when unvaccinated people travel to the country from parts of the world where the disease is still common.
New York City has recorded at least 285 cases of measles since October, according to local health officials, the large majority among members of the Orthodox Jewish communities in Brooklyn.
Mayor Bill de Blasio declared the outbreak a public health emergency last week and ordered unvaccinated people in the affected parts of Brooklyn to get the vaccine or face a fine. It is the worst outbreak seen in the city since 1991, the mayor said.
Most of the Brooklyn cases are among children. Several people had to be hospitalized but no fatalities had been reported as of last week.
New York health officials said the Brooklyn outbreak was caused by an unvaccinated child returning from a trip to Israel, which is also grappling with an outbreak.
Health officials say they have seen anti-vaccination pamphlets containing misinformation being distributed in the affected parts of Brooklyn.
Another outbreak has hit Orthodox Jewish families in New York's Rockland County. Officials there banned children not vaccinated against measles from public spaces last month.
That order was overturned by a state judge, a decision being appealed by Rockland officials. (Reporting by Tamara Mathias in Bengaluru and Jonathan Allen in New York; Editing by Anil D'Silva and Bill Trott)
Congo Ebola victim may have entered Rwanda and Uganda, says WHO
TIMELINE-How a Congo Ebola outbreak became a global concern
Congolese cross-border trader's Ebola death fuels Uganda outbreak fears

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Department of Radiology at UMass Memorial Medical Center, the clinical partner of the University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS), Worcester, MA is recruiting an interventional neuroradiologist for our Division of Interventional Neuroradiology (INR) to extend our INR services to our Baystate campus in Springfield, MA. Baystate Health is a 716- bed academic level I trauma/ medical center which is the regional campus of UMass Medical School.
The INR division provides world-class vascular and spine interventional programs and works closely with Neuroradiology, Neurology and Neurosurgery. The position entails a combination of clinical interventional neuroradiology, diagnostic neuroradiology and research.
The candidate will join the academic faculty at UMMS with full access to the department's University and NIH-funded world class Imaging Research facility. Current neuroscience research programs include image-guided therapy and molecular imaging for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Our Interventional Neuroradiology research program is supported by PhD faculty with expertise in biomedical engineering, chemistry, physics, gene therapy, as a well as a DVM. Research equipment includes a new Philips Ingenia 3T CX MR with adjacent electronic and software support areas, combined with a 3D rotational flat panel angiography suite, a flow lab, a small animal PET and SPECT/CT.
The academic appointment at the University of Massachusetts Medical School is commensurate with experience.


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Largo High School Charged with Sex Abuse of a Minor and Other Related Charges.
Lonnie Elias, Jr., age 44
On Friday September 30, 2022, the Prince George's County Police Special Crimes Division Child and Vulnerable Adult Abuse Unit (CVAA) was notified by an adult female of a sexual assault that occurred from 2015-2017 when she was a student at Largo High School.
The defendant is 44-year-old Lonnie Elias, Jr. was the Victim's teacher.
The victim was interviewed by Investigators at CVAA and provided details of the abuse. The suspect was interviewed by Investigators on October 2, 2022. PGPD made notification to Prince Georges County Public Schools on October 3, 2022 and Mr. Elias Jr. was placed on administrative duty.
The suspect did not have contact with students after the Police Department and School system were aware of the incident.
The State's Attorney's Office presented the case for indictment on October 18, 2022 and a Grand Jury issued a warrant for the suspect for Sex Abuse of a Minor and other related charges.
The suspect was arrested in Upper Marlboro on Friday October 21, 2022 by members of the Fugitive Unit and was transported to the Department of Corrections where he will appear before the District Court Commissioner. The suspect has been employed by Prince George's County Public Schools since 2007.
Anyone with any information about this incident should contact the Special Crimes Division Child and Vulnerable Adult Unit(301) 772-4930 [email protected] or to be anonymous please call @PGCrimeSolvers at 1-866-411-TIPS
This entry was posted on October 23, 2022 at 7:36 am and is filed under All News, Community, County, Crime Solvers, Education, Law Enforcement, Prince George's News, Top News, z 600X120 Top Ad Bottom, z Police Ad Top. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.


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Metros Delhi 20 Mar 2017 Indian team lands in Pakistan for talks on Indus waters
Indian team lands in Pakistan for talks on Indus waters
THE ASIAN AGE.
Published : Mar 20, 2017, 2:02 am IST
Updated : Mar 20, 2017, 4:33 pm IST
Agenda not finalised but India won't 'compromise' on treaty.
Pakistan and India flag. (Representational image)
New Delhi: A 10-member Indian delegation arrived in Pakistan on Sunday to take part in a meeting of Permanent Indus Commission (PIC) beginning in Islamabad on Monday. The delegation comprises India's Indus Water Commissioner P.K. Saxena, MEA officials and technical experts.
Speaking to news agency PTI, a government source said India is "always open" to discuss and resolve concerns Pakistan have over its projects under Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) bilaterally.
The source, however, reiterated that there will be "no compromise" on India exploiting its due rights under the 57-year-old pact. However, the agenda for the meeting, taking place nearly six months after India — according to some reports then — had decided to suspend talks on the pact in the wake of the Uri terror attack by Pakistan-based outfits, is yet to be finalised.
Asked whether the delay in reaching consensus over agenda for the meeting will leave little time to resolve issues, the source replied in negative.
"We always go into such meetings with optimistic mindset. In the past too, there had been delays in finalising agenda for the meeting, yet solutions were achieved," the source added.
To drive the point, the source recalled how Pakistan's concern over India's Uri-II hydroelectric project were resolved seven years ago through discussions. Pakistan had raised objections over designs of 240MW Uri-II project in J&K, saying these will deprive it of its water share under the pact.
However, at a meeting in May 2010, the neighbouring country withdrew objections after Indian side provided details of these. Similarly, Pakistan has been flagging concern over designs of India's five other hydroelectricity projects — Pakal Dul (1000 MW), Ratle (850 MW), Kishanganga (330 MW), Miyar (120 MW) and Lower Kalnai (48MW) — being built/planned in the Indus river basin, contending these violate the treaty. It approached the World Bank in 2016, raising issues over Kishanganga and Ratle projects in J&K.
Tags: permanent indus commission (pic), indus waters treaty (iwt), uri terror attack
Location: India, Delhi, New Delhi


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Ragnar Ingemar Granvik, född 7 december 1910 i Terjärv, död där 10 oktober 1997, var en finländsk politiker och jordbrukare.

Granvik gjorde en insats i olika österbottniska regionala sammanhang och var ordförande i kommunfullmäktige i hemorten Terjärv 1954–1960 och 1965–1980. Han tillhörde den agrara flygeln inom Svenska folkpartiet och invaldes 1966 i riksdagen, där han satt fram till 1979. Åren 1976–1977 var han trafikminister. År 1978 erhöll han kommunalråds titel. År 1980 utgav han memoarboken Vallpojken till statsrådsborgen.

Granviks son Nils-Anders Granvik (född 1944) invaldes i riksdagen 1999 (SFP).

Källor

Noter

Övriga källor

Externa länkar

Finlands trafikministrar
Födda 1910
Ledamöter av Finlands riksdag för Svenska folkpartiet
Avlidna 1997
Personer från Kronoby
Män

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Beardstown teen returns to National Spelling Bee
Parker Carls, a 14-year-old from Beardstown Christian Academy, was back in Washington, D.C., Tuesday to compete in the Scripps National Spelling Bee.
Carls, who is sponsored by The State Journal-Register, competed at the national event last year but didn't make it to the semifinals. She's hoping to do better this year and said she felt good after taking a written test Tuesday.
"I'm pretty confident about most of the words," Carls said. "I was surprised I wasn't as nervous as I thought I would be."
Carls will compete today in the preliminary round (view at espn3.com), which will include two oral rounds. Scores from the oral rounds and Tuesday's written test will be combined to see who will proceed to the semifinals.
On Thursday, semifinals (9 a.m., ESPN2), and the championship round (7 p.m., ESPN) will be held.


text:
Now you see it, now you don't: what optical illusions tell us about our brains
Illusions can offer insights into how the visual system processes images.
By Ian Stewart
Maurits Escher: where do the staircases lead?
The human brain is a network of about 20 billion neurons – nerve cells – linked by several trillion connections. Not to mention glial cells, which scientists used to think were inactive scaffolding, but increasingly view as an essential part of how the brain works. Our brains give us movement, language, senses, memories, consciousness and personality. We know a lot more about the brain than we used to, but it still seems far too complicated for human understanding.
Fortunately, the brain contains many small networks of neurons that carry out some specific function: vision, hearing, movement. It makes sense to tackle these simple modules first. Moreover, we have good mathematical models of nerve cell behaviour. In 1952, Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley wrote down the "Hodgkin-Huxley equations" for the transmission of a nerve impulse, which won them the 1963 Nobel Prize in Medicine. We also have effective techniques for understanding small networks' components and how they are linked.
Many of these simple networks occur in the visual system. We used to think that the eye was like a camera, taking a "snapshot" of the outside world that was stored in the brain like a photo stuck in an album. It uses a lens to focus an image on to the retina at the back of the eye, which functions a bit like a roll of film – or, in today's digital cameras, a charge-coupled device, storing an image pixel by pixel. But we now know that when the retina sends information to the brain's visual cortex, the similarity to a camera ends.
Although we get a strong impression that what we are seeing is "out there" in front of us, what determines that perception resides inside our own heads. The brain decomposes images into simple pieces, works out what they are, "labels" them with that information, and reassembles them. When we see three sheep and two pigs in a field, we "know" which bits are sheep, which are pigs, and how many of each there are. If you try to program a computer to do that, you quickly realise how tricky the process is. Only very recently have computers been able to distinguish between faces, let alone sheep and pigs.
Probing the brain's detailed activity is difficult. Rapid progress is being made, but it still takes a huge effort to get reliable information. But when science cannot observe something directly, it infers it, working indirectly. An effective way to infer how something functions is to see what it does when it goes wrong. It may be hard to understand a bridge while it stays up, but you can learn a lot about strength of materials when it collapses.
The visual system can "go wrong" in several interesting ways. Hallucinogenic drugs can change how neurons behave, producing dramatic images such as spinning spirals, which originate not in the eye, but in the brain. Some images even cause the brain to misinterpret what it's seeing without outside help. We call them optical illusions.
One of the earliest was discovered in Renaissance Italy in the 16th century. Giambattista della Porta was the middle of three surviving sons of a wealthy merchant nobleman who became secretary to the Holy Roman emperor Charles V. The father was an intellectual, and Giambattista grew up in a house in Naples that hosted innumerable mathematicians, scientists, poets and musicians. He became an outstanding polymath, with publications on secret codes (including writing on the inside of eggshells), physiology, botany, agriculture, engineering, and much else. He wrote more than 20 plays.
Della Porta was particularly interested in the science of light. He made definitive improvements to the camera obscura, a device that projects an image of the outside world into a darkened room; he claimed to have invented the telescope before Galileo, and very likely did. His De refractione optices of 1593 contained the first report of a curious optical effect. He arranged two books so that one was visible to one eye only and the other to the other eye. Instead of seeing a combination of the two images, he perceived them alternately. He discovered that he could select either image at will by consciously switching his attention. This phenomenon is known today as binocular rivalry.
Two other distinct but related effects are impossible figures and visual illusions. In rivalry, each image appears unambiguous, but the eyes are shown conflicting images. In the other two phenomena, both eyes see the same image, but in one case it doesn't make sense, and in the other it makes sense but is ambiguous.
Impossible figures at first sight seem to be entirely normal, but depict things that cannot exist – such as Roger Shepard's 1990 drawing of an elephant in which everything above the knees makes sense, and everything below the knees makes sense, but the two regions do not fit together correctly. The Dutch artist Maurits Escher made frequent use of this kind of visual quirk.
In 1832, the Swiss crystallographer Louis Necker invented his "Necker cube" illusion, a skeletal cube that seems to switch its orientation repeatedly. An 1892 issue of the humorous German magazine Fliegende Blätter contains a picture with the caption "Which animals are most like each other?" and the answer "Rabbit and duck". In a 1915 issue of the American magazine Puck, the cartoonist Ely William Hill published "My wife and my mother-in-law", based on an 1888 German postcard. The image can be seen either as a young lady looking back over her shoulder, or as an elderly woman facing forwards. Several of Salvador Dalí's paintings include illusions; especially Slave Market With the Apparition of the Invisible Bust of Voltaire, where a number of figures and everyday objects, carefully arranged, combine to give the impression of the French writer's face.
Illusions offer insights into how the visual system processes images. The first few stages are fairly well understood. The top layer in the visual cortex detects edges of objects and the direction in which they are pointing. This information is passed to lower layers, which detect places where the direction suddenly changes, such as corners. Eventually some region in the cortex detects that you are looking at a human face and that it belongs to Aunt Matilda. Other parts of the brain are alerted, and you belatedly remember that tomorrow is her birthday and hurry off to buy a present.
These things don't happen by magic. They have a very definite rationale, and that's where the mathematics comes in. The top layer of the visual cortex contains innumerable tiny stacks of nerve cells. Each stack is like a pile of pancakes, and each pancake is a network of neurons that is sensitive to edges that point in one specific direction: one o'clock, two o'clock and so on.
For simplicity, call this network a cell; it does no harm to think of it as a single neuron. Roughly speaking, the cell at the top of the stack senses edges at the one o'clock position, the next one down corresponds to the two o'clock angle, and so on. If one cell receives a suitable input signal, it "fires", telling all the other cells in its stack: "I've seen a boundary in the five o'clock direction." However, another cell in the same stack might disagree, claiming the direction is at seven o'clock. How to resolve this conflict?
Neurons are linked by two kinds of connection, excitatory and inhibitory. If a neuron activates an excitatory connection, those at the other end of it are more likely to fire themselves. An inhibitory connection makes them less likely to fire. The cortex uses inhibitory connections to reach a definite decision. When a cell fires, it sends inhibitory signals to all of the other cells in its stack. These signals compete for attention. If the five o'clock signal is stronger than the seven o'clock one, for instance, the seven o'clock one gets shut down. The cells in effect "vote" on which direction they are detecting and the winner takes all.
Many neuroscientists think that something very similar is going on in visual illusions and rivalry. Think of the duck and rabbit with two possible interpretations. Hugh R Wilson, a neuroscientist at the Centre for Vision Research at York University, Toronto, proposed the simplest model, one stack with just two cells. Rodica Curtu, a mathematician at the University of Iowa, John Rinzel, a biomathematician then at the National Institutes of Health, and several other scientists have analysed this model in more detail. The basic idea is that one cell fires if the picture looks like a duck, the other if it resembles a rabbit. Because of the inhibitory connections, the winner should take all. Except that, in this illusion, it doesn't quite work, because the two choices are equally plausible. That's what makes it an illusion. So both cells want to fire. But they can't, because of those inhibitory connections. Yet neither can they both remain quiescent, because the incoming signals encourage them to fire.
One possibility is that random signals coming from elsewhere in the brain might introduce a bias of perception, so that one cell still wins. However, the mathematical model predicts that, even without such bias, the signals in both cells should oscillate from active to inactive and back again, each becoming active when the other is not. It's as if the network is dithering: the two cells take turns to fire and the network perceives the image as a duck, then as a rabbit, and keeps switching from one to the other. Which is what happens in reality.
Generalising from this observation, Wilson proposed a similar type of network that can model decision-making in the brain – which political party to support, for instance. But now the network consists of several stacks. Maybe one stack represents immigration policy, another unemployment, a third financial regulation, and so on. Each stack consists of cells that "recognise" a distinct policy feature. So the financial regulation stack has cells that recognise state regulation by law, self-regulation by the industry, or free-market economics.
The overall political stance of any given political party is a choice of one cell from each stack – one policy decision on each issue. Each prospective voter has his or her preferences, and these might not match those of any particular party. If these choices are used as inputs to the network, it will identify the party that most closely fits what the voter prefers. That decision can then be passed to other areas of the brain. Some voters may find themselves in a state akin to a visual illusion, vacillating between Labour and Liberal Democrat, or Conservative and Ukip.
This idea is speculative and it is not intended to be a literal description of how we decide whom to vote for. It is a schematic outline of something more complex, involving many regions of the brain. However, it provides a simple and flexible model for decision-making by a neural network, and in particular it shows that simple networks can do the job quite well. Martin Golubitsky of the Mathematical Biosciences Institute at Ohio State University and Casey O Diekman of the University of Michigan wondered whether Wilson's networks could be used to model more complex examples of rivalry and illusions. Crucially, the resulting models allow specific predictions about experiments that have not yet been performed, making the whole idea scientifically testable.
The first success of this approach helped to explain an experiment that had already been carried out, with puzzling results. When the brain reassembles the separate bits of an image, it is said to "bind" these pieces. Rivalry provides evidence that binding occurs, by making it go wrong. In a rivalry experiment carried out in 2006 by S W Hong and S K Shevell, the subject's left eye is shown a horizontal grid of grey and pink lines while the right eye sees a vertical grid of grey and green lines. Many subjects perceive an alternation between the images, just as della Porta did with his books. But some see two different images alternating: pink and green vertical lines, and pink and green horizontal lines – images shown to neither eye. This effect is called colour misbinding; it tells us that the reassembly process has matched colour to grid direction incorrectly. It is as if della Porta had ended up seeing another book altogether.
Golubitsky and Diekman studied the simplest Wilson network corresponding to this experiment. It has two stacks: one for colour, one for grid direction. Each stack has two cells. In the "colour" stack one cell detects pink and the other green; in the "orientation" stack one cell detects vertical and the other horizontal. As usual, there are inhibitory connections within each stack to ensure a winner-takes-all decision.
Following Wilson's general scheme, they also added excitatory connections between cells in distinct stacks, representing the combinations of colour and direction that occur in the two "learned" images – those actually presented to the two eyes. Then they used recent mathematical techniques to list the patterns that arise in such a network. They found two types of oscillatory pattern. One corresponds to alternation between the two learned images. The other corresponds precisely to alternation between the two images seen in colour misbinding.
Colour misbinding is therefore a natural feature of the dynamics of Wilson networks. Although the network is "set up" to detect the two learned images, its structure produces an unexpected side effect: two images that were not learned. The rivalry experiment reveals hints of the brain's hidden wiring. The same techniques apply to many other experiments, including some that have not yet been performed. They lead to very specific predictions, including more circumstances in which subjects will observe patterns that were not presented to either eye.
Similar models also apply to illusions. However, the excitatory connections cannot be determined by the images shown to the two eyes, because both eyes see the same image. One suggestion is that the connections may be determined by what your visual system already "knows" about real objects.
Take the celebrated moving illusion called "the spinning dancer". Some observers see the solid silhouette of a dancer spinning anticlockwise, others clockwise. Sometimes, the direction of spin seems to switch suddenly.
We know that the top half of a spinning dancer can spin either clockwise or anticlockwise. Ditto for the bottom half. In principle, if the top half spins one way but the bottom half spins the other way, you would see the same silhouette, as if both were moving together. When people are shown "the spinning dancer", no one sees the halves moving independently. If the top half spins clockwise, so does the bottom half.
Why do our brains do this? We can model that information using a series of stacks that correspond to different parts of the dancer's body. The brain's prior knowledge sets up a set of excitatory connections between all cells that sense clockwise motion, and another set of excitatory connections between all "anticlockwise" cells. We can also add inhibitory connections between the "clockwise" and the "anticlockwise" cells. These connections collectively tell the network that all parts of the object being perceived must spin in the same direction at any instant. Our brains don't allow for a "half and half" interpretation.
When we analyse this network mathematically, it turns out that the cells switch repeatedly between a state in which all clockwise cells are firing but the anticlockwise ones are quiescent, and a state in which all anticlockwise cells are firing but the clockwise ones are quiescent. The upshot is that we perceive the whole figure of the dancer switching directions. Similar networks provide sensible models for many other illusions, including some in which there are three different inputs.
These models provide a common framework for both rivalry and illusion, and they unify many experiments, explain otherwise puzzling results and make new predictions that can be tested. They also tell us that in principle the brain can carry out some apparently complex tasks using simple networks. (What it does in practice is probably different in detail, but could well follow the same general lines.)
This could help make sense of a real brain, as new experiments improve our ability to observe its "wiring diagram". It might not be as ambitious as trying to model the whole thing on a computer, but modesty can be a virtue. Since simple networks behave in strange and unexpected ways, what incomprehensible quirks might a complicated network have?
Perhaps Dalí, and Escher, and the spinning dancer can help us find out.
Ian Stewart is Emeritus Professor of Mathematics and Digital Media Fellow at the University of Warwick


What are some ways that we can show honor to someone today?
Is there someone in your life that you can honor?
The Bible has a lot to say about honor, it is mentioned 211 times!
Romans 13:7 says: Give to everyone what you owe them: If you owe taxes, pay taxes; if revenue, then revenue; if respect, then respect; if honor, then honor.
With this passage of scripture, we can show honor in many ways, by paying our debts, giving respect, especially if it is hard to give to someone who does not reciprocate.
Honor is not freely given, but when we give it, we need to do so without hesitation.
If Jonathan's Armor Bearer whose name is unknown, did not declare to Jonathan that he is with his heart and soul to go up against the Philistines by themselves, our world may be totally different today than what it is.
Jonathan and his Armor Bearer had the courage to go to the Philistines knowing they had God on their side. What appeared to be a suicide mission to everyone else, they went to that camp with Godfidence (Confidence in God) to have God with them every step of the way.
What are some examples of sacrificial love?
Have you been loved sacrificially in a way that totally changed your life?
Have you loved sacrificially in a way that totally changed someone else's life?
When we put someone else's needs before our own we are demonstrating the love of God.
Jonathan's courage inspired his Armor Bearer and no matter how much his men mocked him, he kept climbing.
Can you give an example of someone in your life that showed courage to inspire you to keep climbing?
When our values are Biblically based, the world tends to mock us and wants us to compromise. We need to ignore the world and when we do respond, respond in the right way that Jesus would respond.
Has there been a time when you showed courage even though others around you didn't think it was the best choice?
Jonathan was a man of honor. What he did was always bring honor and glory back to God.
One man's act of courage, faith, and character impacted an entire nation!
Are you inspiring others to love that way with how you live your life?
Don't ever minimize your impact on when you stand with love, integrity and character and honor. God wants us to inspire others with honor.
We need to always pray, "Lord keep my motives pure." We want to do the right things for the right reasons.
When others look at you, do they see a man/woman who always brings honor and glory back to God? Or do we like to receive the praise for ourselves?
We can be someone who is: Always shining. Always inspiring. Always honoring.
Always give honor where honor is due. We should be inspired by those who serve and have served. We need to be men and women that inspire.
Look for the best instead of being quick to look for the worst in people.
Challenge: Look for unique opportunities to go the second mile to help someone. Do it because Jesus did it for you.


Of course Robert Sammis emailed me, avoiding all the issues I raised. Here is his email response to me and my response to him.
You seem to contradict yourself in your email below. You state the following: "I have received no communication from your attorney or you until your email below." (You are apparently referencing my previous email of July 18, 2006). However, you make reference to and quote from the June 13, 2006 email I sent you in your first paragraph, which you claim you did not receive in your second paragraph. It is obvious that you did in fact receive this email on or about June 13, 2006 as well as my follow-up email on June 16, 2006 and you failed to respond in a timely fashion.
Although you quote from my June 13, 2006 email to you, you leave out the next relevant sentence in which I wrote: "I feel we will need more than one day for the appeal hearing and would like you to please provide some tentative dates that would suit your calendar." [emphasis added]. As with Ms. Penchansky (who failed to provide tentative dates to meet with her with the attorney of my choice), you failed to provide any tentative dates then and you have still failed to provide tentative dates.
My next sentence read: "Do you wish to have my attorney contact you directly when he returns from his vacation?" You also failed to respond to this question. Of course, you failed to respond to any of my questions in the June 13, 2006 email and continue to fail to answer these questions, despite the fact that you have had over a month since this email to respond.
On June 13, 2006, I wrote to you the following: "Additionally, I have asked in writing repeatedly for the names and titles of the members of the appeals hearing committee and have yet to receive a response. Please provide this information to me as soon as possible." You have failed to provide this information. As previously stated, I was to be afforded a hearing with an impartial hearing committee.
On June 13, 2006, I also wrote the following: "As to the documents you provided, I am wondering why any and all written statements in my support were not included in the documentation you sent me? These are part of my disciplinary file as they were allegedly sent to Dean Penchansky and should be promptly disclosed. Furthermore, I have asked repeatedly for the petition that was allegedly circulated by Ms. Penchansky and Thomas J. Baker, yet that was not contained in your packet. As to the SMCPD reports, there are still some outstanding that were referenced in the suspension letter that were not included. Am I to assume that these reports do not in fact exist and, as such, will not be produced? Please let me know." Again, you failed to provide me with this information and did not answer these questions.
On June 13, 2006, I wrote: "Additionally, I have only received the first page of an email dated Tuesday, February 28, 2006 sent allegedly from Judith Penchansky to you, cced to Jim Keeshen and Katharine Muller, entitled "RE: Des Mantarri History part I." Please send the remainder of this email to me." You failed to send this document to me, although it was referenced in my disciplinary file. As I have made clear, you are in violation of my rights regarding disclosure of documents in my disciplinary file.
On June 13, 2006, I wrote: "Furthermore, there is a two-page undated and unsigned statement by Jim Keeshen to "Judy Penchansky" in which at the right top corner there is a handwritten comment which appears to have Ms. Penchansky's initials which states "received via email 8/23/05." Please provide the original email to me. Also, in the last paragraph of the first page, there is a statement that reads: "Subsequently it was discovered that without my permission or knowledge, Des Mantarri [sic] continued to enter into my classes even after the semester had ended. Julie Yarrish has a log of all these entries." Please provide me with a copy of this alleged "log." Additionally, Mr. Keeshen makes references to several emails between us on page 1, paragraphs 5 through 6. These alleged emails should be promptly disclosed." You failed to disclose these emails or the alleged log referenced therein. Accordingly, you failed to respond to me, thus violating my rights to disclosure of these documents.
On June 13, 2006, I wrote the following: "Nowhere in the documents you provided me were there any formal investigations or reports prior to my wrongful and immediate suspension. To the best of my knowledge, there were no letters or statements or emails from SMC President Chui Tsang or SMCPD Chief of Police Eileen Miller. Am I to assume that none of these documents exist? Please let me know." Again, you never answered these questions.
On June 13, 2006, I wrote the following: "Also, there are two email solicitations from SMC student Thomas J. Baker to SMC employees Stu Seldon and Jim Keeshen. Accordingly, any email or other written responses from them should be disclosed, as they are part of my student disciplinary files." Again, you did not respond nor did you disclose these emails, if any existed.
On June 13, 2006, I wrote: "I reserve the right to further comment or correct any of the information you provided me until I have had ample opportunity to discuss such with my attorney." By failing to provide this information, you are in violation of the California Education Code, which governs correction of information contained in my disciplinary file.
On June 13, 2006, I wrote: "Again, I have requested repeatedly in writing to inspect my student records, including disciplinary records maintained by Dean Penchansky. Despite my requests, I have not been afforded an opportunity to physically inspect these files. Please let me know when I can inspect my files." Again, you did not respond. To date, I have not been afforded an opportunity to inspect these disciplinary records, in violation of the California Education code and FERPA. As such, you are in violation of my rights.
Finally, on June 13, 2006, I wrote the following to you: "Additionally, I have asked in writing for a list of witnesses that the school plans to call at the suspension appeal hearing. Please provide this list to me as soon as possible so that we may properly gage the length of time needed for the appeal hearing and so that I can prepare my case." Again, you did not respond nor did you provide this list of witnesses.
As you can see, you have had adequate time to respond and have failed to do so. You have violated my rights and have shown, as has everyone else involved in this suspension case, no fundamental fairness or impartiality. SMC held numerous secret meetings in my case in violation of the Ralph M. Brown Act governing open meetings, yet never afforded me a single meeting with Ms. Penchansky or Ms. Hearn.
Moreover, although Ms. Penchansky violated my rights to communicate with Professor Jim Keeshen (who she coerced to write at least one false statement against me that led to my suspension), she was aware that Mr. Baker had emailed Professor Keeshen during this same period to seek his help in drumming up false allegations against me. As SMC was aware by the face of Mr. Baker's written emails to both Professor Keeshen and Mr. Stu Seldon, Mr. Baker had no rights to exclude me from the SMC Game Club or to call the SMCPD on March 24, 2006.
In fact, you have gone out of your way to coach SMC student Thomas J. Baker and to help him prepare his answers to a restraining order against him (as set forth in an internal email provided from SMC), well outside the scope of the school's legal and moral boundaries. As you helped Mr. Baker prepare his answers under penalty of perjury, you were aware that they were inconsistent with his written statement to the SMCPD. As such, you were aware that Mr. Baker provided SMCPD with false statements to wrongfully procure my suspension. As such, the allegations by Mr. Baker were false and these charges should have been dropped by SMC.
Yet, despite Mr. Baker's own admissions that he had no right to exclude me and no legal justification, witnesses, or evidence, Ms. Penchansky helped Mr. Baker draft backdated statements with witnesses who were his business partners. Accordingly, these witnesses were neither impartial nor credible and had a vested financial interest in seeing me suspended. Although you are well aware that Mr. Baker violated the student code provisions governing academic dishonesty and providing the college with false information, you have allowed this wrongful suspension to move forward without disciplining Mr. Baker accordingly.
As I have stated in my certified letter to President Tsang on or about June 30, 2006 and in my previous July 18, 2006 email to you, the suspension violates many of my rights to due process and other rights I have as a student and a citizen. The entire disciplinary process has been tainted and slanted from the very start. There has been no impartiality or fundamental fairness. An appeal hearing (which SMC is beyond the legal time to pursue) would also not be fair and impartial. In fact, in our meeting on or about April 21, 2006, you indicated that if I were, in part, to comply with your demands to drop my California Public Records Act lawsuit, that the school (as well as you) would have no interest in suspending me. Under this pressure, I complied with your extortionist demands.
Furthermore, as previously stated in my July 18, 2006 email, by going through with this suspension with two allegations that Ms. Penchansky (acting in her official capacity as an agent and employee of SMC) has previously exonerated me in writing, SMC is placing me in double jeopardy. Clearly, if I were suspended on these charges, it would be quickly overturned in any court of law. Add to this the fact that SMC waited almost a year after Ms. Penchansky's June 6, 2006 letter exonerating me to bring these same charges again (and still without any investigation into the matter) and SMC is in clear violation of my rights.
As previously stated, to avoid costly litigation in this matter, the suspension (including immediate interim suspension) should be dismissed with prejudice immediately and the enrollment hold should be removed so that I can register for Fall 2006 classes at SMC. A simple review of Supreme Court cases would show you that the courts do not take lightly the violation of student rights, including First Amendment issues. The law makes clear that public schools are under a duty to follow California law and Constitutional law. Although there is some latitude to how school's handle their disciplinary process, it is mandatory that the minimal due process is followed. The longer and harsher the suspension, the greater the due process requirements.
Without any investigation or impartiality or minimal due process, SMC has suspended me for two entire years. This suspension is essentially an expulsion, not authorized by either the president of the college or by its board of trustees. All your summary allegations are based on First Amendment issues. As such, you have violated my rights in that the lengthy suspension is neither supported by facts or by the internal procedures of the school guaranteeing "due process." Although you have agreed that I have "operated at all times consistent with the applicable Administrative Regulation concerning suspension hearings," SMC has not, nor does it intend to, operate within the law. Our student tuition and tax dollars are better spent on educating our students and meeting the demands of the faculty to a fair contract than it is in any litigation that would ensue from these gross violations of my rights.
I expect a prompt response from you regarding whether SMC plans to drop this wrongful suspension.
I have received no communication from your attorney or you until your email below. Please have your attorney contact me so we may schedule your appeal hearing. The District does not dispute that you have filed a timely request for an appeal and has operated at all times consistent with the applicable Administrative Regulation concerning suspension hearings.


There is no clinically meaningful difference in length of antidepressant treatment between simultaneous new users and non-simultaneous new users.
The practice of prescribing a combination of both benzodiazepines and antidepressants in adults recently diagnosed with depression has increased over the past decade, found a new study. Yet starting benzodiazepines simultaneously does not appear to influence whether patients are still taking antidepressants 6 months later.
"We observed no clinically meaningful difference in antidepressant treatment length between simultaneous new users and non-simultaneous new users," wrote Greta A. Bushnell, MSPH, of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, and her colleagues.
"Because of the risks associated with benzodiazepines and the potentially modifiable factors associated with long-term use among simultaneous new users, the decision to simultaneously initiate benzodiazepine therapy at antidepressant therapy initiation and the benzodiazepine regimen require careful consideration of potential benefits and harms," the investigators wrote in JAMA Psychiatry.
Potential harms can include dependency, overdose, emergency department visits, and increased risk of fractures and car accidents.
The researchers analyzed data on 765,130 adults, age 18 to 64, from an insurance claims database spanning January 2001 through December 2014. The majority of the subjects (66%) were women, and median age was 39. The subjects had all recently been diagnosed with depression but had not taken either antidepressants or benzodiazepines within the previous year.
The percentage of subjects who began taking benzodiazepines and antidepressants at the same time increased from 6.1% in 2001 to 11.3% in 2014. Antidepressants included selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, bupropion, tricyclic antidepressants, and others.
Overall, 10.6% of the sample initiated simultaneous treatment with antidepressants and benzodiazepines. A simultaneous prescription was more likely in patients receiving treatment from a psychiatrist rather than another type of doctor.
Use of benzodiazepines dropped off fairly quickly after initiation: 64% of patients who filled the first prescription did not fill any subsequent prescriptions, and only 12.3% continued benzodiazepines for at least 6 months. However, the percentage of patients still taking antidepressants 6 months after they started taking them was similar whether they had been prescribed benzodiazepines or not.
Patients were more likely to continue taking benzodiazepines long-term if their first prescription included a long-acting benzodiazepine or was valid for a longer period of time, or if they had recently filled a prescription for opioids.
"Although we did not look at whether opioid use was continued after simultaneous antidepressant and benzodiazepine new use, the association between a recent baseline opioid prescription and long-term benzodiazepine use is particularly concerning because of the known risks of concurrent use of these substances and their pharmacologic interactions," the investigators wrote.
Bushnell G, Stürmer T, Gaynes B, Pate V, Miller M. Simultaneous antidepressant and benzodiazepine new use and subsequent long-term benzodiazepine use in adults with depression, United States, 2001-2014 [published online June 7, 2017]. JAMA Psychiatry.


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data in a systematic manner. Southampton, UK: National Center For Research Methods. You and your supervisor will discuss your design and decide whether the research is 'do-able'. You might choose to conduct a review of a field of work. Your research may even aim to test the research methods, to see if they work in certain warren court research paper circumstances.
Does your project have clear links between theory and practice? This might entail content analysis of newspapers, magazines, video or other media over different time periods. Is objectivity in the media possible? Here you shaikh zayed al kabeer mosque essay would not be collecting your own data but instead would be analysing existing documents. Snowball sampling Recruit participants based on the recommendation of initial participant(s) sampled Random purposive sampling Randomly sampling participants who have been purposively sampled (Jacobs, 2013). A library-based or theoretical study is not necessarily 'easier' than an empirical study, indeed, it may well be harder. Self-completion questionnaires are good for collecting data on relatively simple topics, and for gaining a general overview of an issue. Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement. Do you know the differences between types of data, and types of analysis? ' is not enough; there must be good academic reasons for your choice. The researcher will observe behaviour, listen to conversations, and ask questions. Download Case Study 6 Media research.


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text:
'The lessons learned are here to stay'
By Jerome Doraisamy|15 July 2020
New research shows that almost all corporate counsel believe that pandemic-inspired changes to daily legal practice will become permanent.
On Wednesday, 15 July, LOD published its "At A Crossroads?" report, comprising responses from a survey of 383 in-house legal and compliance professionals across 250 companies in 25 sectors around the world, which focused on the impacts of COVID-19. It also included interviews from 161 team leaders.
The report confirms, LOD proclaimed, the myriad opportunities and positive implications beginning to emerge from the global coronavirus pandemic for general counsel and their teams.
It found that over eight in 10 (83 per cent) of corporate counsel believe that initiatives brought in as a response to the pandemic will become permanent. These include more regular communication with key colleagues (65 per cent), stronger focus on team wellbeing (65 per cent) and a greater prioritisation of work, which will enable teams to focus on more strategic matters, such use of technology (60 per cent).
This is supported, LOD noted, by the finding that two-thirds (65 per cent) feel they have a better appreciation for the importance of communication and team management, and the fact that 60 per cent of professionals have been able to transition smoothly to remote working, with only 12 per cent saying they experienced challenges doing so.
Elsewhere, the report found that one-third (33 per cent) of corporate counsel believe their role has evolved into one of a "trusted adviser", focused on revenue and pivoting the business.
This is not to say that the pandemic and the workplace changes have not bee challenging for many, LOD added. Over 90 per cent of legal teams reported having been moderately or severely impacted by the pandemic, with 59 per cent citing increased workload, 54 per cent experiencing new or more immediate priorities and 65 per cent saying it is difficult to gauge the quantum of workload over the long-term and how that will impact the team.
Reflecting on the results, LOD Australia managing director Paul Cowling said that a number of "the lessons learned are here to stay".
"Almost overnight, teams have had to become more agile and efficient and improve and refine their ability to prioritise and communicate effectively. It is also excellent to see the significant increase in focus on wellbeing during a time of crisis," he proclaimed.
"We suspect that in-house teams have taken steps in the past few months that may otherwise have taken years to implement and we must now embrace those changes and ensure they are sustainable for the [long-term]."
LOD CEO Tom Hartley added: "Without downplaying the severity of the pandemic on our personal and professional lives, the findings of our survey confirm our belief that the best corporate legal teams will improve through this crisis."
"We must embrace some of the more sustainable and efficient work practices that were made in the crucible of coronavirus."
Voting is now open for The Lawyers Weekly Award, to be presented to one individual for making substantial, consequential achievements in advancing the Australian legal profession since 2000. Finalists for this prestigious award have been confirmed as those listed below. To vote for your preferred winner, click here. https://www.lawyersweekly.com.au/biglaw/28834-vote-now-for-the-foremost-lawyer-of-the-21st-century
Julian Burnside AO QC (barrister)
Bernard Collaery (barrister, former Attorney-General of the ACT)
Kate Eastman SC (barrister and co-founder, Australian Lawyers for Human Rights)
The Honourable Robert French AC (former chief justice, High Court of Australia)
Sue Kench (global chief executive, King & Wood Mallesons)
The Honourable Chief Justice Susan Kiefel AC (chief justice, High Court of Australia)
The Honourable Michael Kirby AC CMG (former justice, High Court of Australia)
Jane Needham SC (barrister and former president, NSW Bar Association)
Geoffrey Robertson AO QC (barrister)
Professor Gillian Triggs (assistant secretary-general, United Nations and former president, Australian Human Rights Commission)
Last Updated: 15 July 2020 Published: 16 July 2020


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Is Culture really a Soft Skill? Culture as a Defence Against Corruption
Culture is the currency of delivery
The Royal Commission into Banking Misconduct revealed many instances of systematic corruption, from employees setting up fraudulent loans, to opening children's accounts to meet targets for bonuses. Commissioner Hayne recommended that organisations assess their culture. Philosopher Amelie Rortywrote about corruption in a 1998 essay which started, 'Nothing is more natural than sliding down the slippery slope to corruption and from there to the hardened heart that allows people to redescribe their wrongdoing so that they can accept it as reasonable and confirm it as justified.'
Is cultural merely a soft skill, or is an organisational culture aligned with good governance actually at the very heart of defense against corruption?
Cheryl Batagol, Chair of the Victorian Land Registry Services and CRCWSC, says culture is more than messages posted on office walls. 'Culture is the system of doing things that creates norms within an organisation.' She coined the phrase, 'Culture is the currency delivery.'
Cheryl fundamentally believes that you need more than resources and assets and people to support success. You a need a good culture.
'I do not believe that you can have a high-performing organisation without a high-performing culture. I imagine that in every one of the financial institutions that has been investigated by the Royal Commission there was a statement about values, behaviors and ethics. And yet what undermined that was the pressures to bring in certain financial performances.'
But how does individual practices roll up to affect the culture of a whole organisation?
According to Amelie Rorty, it starts with attention to the present. The focus on immediate things. When faced with something overwhelming, what's written on the walls gets replaced by a sort of a survival instinct. So corruption becomes normalised.
Imitate the leader
It's normal to imitate the leader. And the leader's behaviour is emulated in ways that might not even be called fraud and corruption, but that set the stage for fraud and corruption. For example, you go out on a Friday night after work with the boss and get drunk. And this becomes a habit. If you want to fit in, you have to drink.
In this way mobilising poor behaviours can corrupt people who are fundamentally good. It's about creating a norm. It's not just putting value statements on the wall, but how the leaders behave.
How are bullies treated? Or whistleblowers?
Cheryl once witnessed someone pulling somebody's hair in a clear effort to intimidate. But this was not tolerated by leadership and by the end of that day the bully was dismissed.
'We have to live that kind of culture', Cheryl insists. 'Poor behaviours lead to fraud and corruption. And so I think we have to live and breathe a healthy culture that encourages people to effectively and constructively communicate so that they feel comfortable about saying no.'
Cheryl says that behavior starts with the CEO. But the board has a role to play as well. And then it has to cascade down. Sometimes in measuring culture you see excellent culture at the executive level and the next level down, and even at the bottom of the organisation, but in the middle, among team leaders—the group responsible for day-to-day operations—you have a problem. 'They see themselves as squeezed by the top and the bottom and their culture can be the most challenging to change because they need to get things done right now and they have their own way of doing them.'
Being creative and taking risks
'For people to be the best they can be, they need not just do what they're told. They need to be able to be creative in their environment. They need to feel empowered to take risks and make mistakes. Because everyone makes mistakes. And most often what goes wrong is not due to the individual, but to the system.'
Cheryl has seen people who have made what could have been catastrophic errors, but they reversed themselves in the middle of an operation. 'That's when you become a high-performing organisation, when you manage to dig through and find the flaws in the system and fix them.'
When analysing whether corruption is due to a small group of bad actors or to the broader culture, Cheryl thinks the system allows it to happen. In such cases behaviours aren't examined in a systematic way. What are the implicit messages? The Hayne Commission revealed the message was profit at any cost. There would have been statements on the walls about how these banks valued their customers. But that wasn't true. They valued profits.
Cheryl cautions that leaders should be wary of a super-shining star unit within their organisation. A unit that just seem to get things done without any problems, that continually delivers and everybody talks about how fantastic they are.
Cheryl also asks questions when she sees an individual or unit that doesn't go on holidays, especially if they are in a position of influence. If they're not prepared to have anybody sit in their position while they go on leave, they may have something to hide.
So is culture merely a soft skill?
Cheryl has been constantly told that culture is a soft skill. However she thinks it is anything but. And she sees this perception beginning to change after the Hayne Commission.
'What I call culture as a currency deliverance is as important as any other tool you have to deliver.'
Regulating culture
Cheryl is not necessarily in favor of regulating culture, but as a regulator she thinks it's really important to assess the culture of the organisation. And it doesn't matter what kind of organisation that is.
She also wonders about regulators themselves. 'You know, regulators are extraordinarily vulnerable to fraud and corruption. We've talked about it in police circles for as long as there have been police. But I think we should think of all regulators as being vulnerable to fraud and corruption. The culture of regulators needs to be monitored and measured. And if it's not great, there needs to be a plan for improvement.
'There is no question in my mind that regulators need to define a culture that they want. They need to measure it. They need to lead it. They need to debrief on it. It is as critical as measuring your finances or the amount of prosecutions that you have.'
Your top pocket, not your back pocket
'A high-performance culture means senior leaders don't dismiss an individual's fears or observations. It doesn't mean you totally believe them, but you don't dismiss them. And that becomes something you put into your top pocket, not your back pocket.
'That's the role of leadership in creating the culture, an open organisation where people can feel free to talk about what went wrong, even when it is what you might call whistleblowing.
The pyramid of defence
Cheryl has found she gets more traction talking about culture when she does so as a part of a risk-management system.
There is a standard system in risk management called 'the three lines of defence'.
The first line of defence is management ownership, where management owns the risk and the risk-control processes.
The second line is oversight, which is the governance system. The third line is internal audit and things like that.
If you saw them on a slide they would be represented separately and in two dimensions. But Cheryl describes them as triangles, which form a pyramid with a big gap in the middle. And that gap is culture.
'It's where the values, ethics and integrity sit', she explains. 'Without that, the risk-management system can fail quite substantially. So the thing that I've learned in my leadership journey around culture is that it's not a soft skill. It's a hard business skill.'
Culture is a defence against fraud and corruption and is at the heart of any risk-management system.
Landsat 9 Data Release Extends Unparalleled Earth Observation
Blue finance: What is it and how could it save the ocean?


IKAR is "a traditional and progressive Jewish spiritual community in LA."
Studio IKAR was comprised of two components. We were first charged with the task of physically evaluating the existing facilities used by IKAR at the West Side Jewish Community Center in Los Angeles. We were then to make a proposal for new facilities, which could range from a partial renovation of existing community center to completely new facility located on the same site.
Making that proposal though was a difficult process, given the history associated with Jewdaism and synagogues. Historically, synagogue architecture is very nondescript and highly internalized. Leaving very little interaction between the service and the surrounding community. After speaking with IKAR's rabbi, and a few of its members we decided the best way to achieve IKAR's goals of community involvement and interaction, were to physically open the site to public pedestrian movement and articulate the projects fenestrations to blur the line between public and private.
Using a series of ribbons that separate to create the fenestration system, we created an exterior surface that from one perspective appears solid, while from another it appears highly transparent. These opening are further oriented to optimize the collection of ambient skylight and breakup direct sun light.


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Dr Benita Stiles-Smith PhD, MA, MSc, BSc
Senior Professional Clinician - Psychological Practice
Benita values the practitioner/scientist/scholar professional model, and strives to engage a career that nurtures each of these components. She is an experienced clinician, supervisor, and manager. Her work has spanned both private and public sectors, and a variety of health, mental health, and professional education arenas. She holds qualifications as a clinical psychologist (NZ, AUS, USA), Adlerian therapist, professional supervisor, clinical nurse specialist in child and adolescent mental health (USA), and nurse practitioner with prescribing authority (USA). Her academic and clinical teaching experience spans both psychology and nursing, with contributions to counselling and social work.
Clinical populations that Benita has served have spanned the range of life stages, with a special focus on children, youth, and families for behavioural, cognitive, neuropsychological, relational, and affective conditions. Abuse, trauma, affective conditions, comorbid health and mental health conditions, and personality-based difficulties across the age-span have been additional areas of focus in Benita's work. Multicultural sensitivity has been a part of her practice, in effectively serving a variety of ethnic groups, refugees and immigrants, multigenerational families, religious groups, socioeconomic backgrounds, rural, and urban settings.
Supervision and management in clinical settings is another area in which Benita has enjoyed serving. Mentoring other professionals for effective multidisciplinary team work within organisations and for community collaboration has been a goal for her in each setting that she has worked, with systems assessment and analysis underpinning successful advances. This has resulted in such shared achievements as building a large private practice making services available to rural areas; constructing effective collaborations between health and mental health services, and between institutional and community services; constructing and aligning systems of care available; sourcing funding for new needed services and staff; making available continuing education and training for professional staff.
In addition to maintaining continuing education for increasing her own competencies, Benita has participated in providing training and education for other professionals. This has included providing training and upskilling for professional colleagues, community and conference presentations, and university teaching. Classroom, clinic, distance learning, and on-line teaching have been modes employed with both nurses and psychologists in training. Facilitating adult mid-career learners in gaining qualifications that they desire is especially interesting, allowing a gratifying use of the mix of career skills for Benita
Research that Benita has supervised has generally been applied in nature. Her own research interests are also in areas of application, and include systems assessment, effective clinical delivery, and positive social change for those that mental health providers serve.
Benita values the practitioner/scientist/scholar professional model, and nurtures each of these components in her career. She is an experienced clinician, supervisor, manager, and teacher, practicing in a variety of health, mental health, and professional education arenas.
In educational settings, Benita has employed classroom, clinic, distance learning, and on-line teaching modes. Facilitating adult mid-career learners has been a special interest, allowing her gratifying use of a mix of career skills.
Benita's research interests are in areas of application, and include systems assessment, effective clinical delivery, and positive social change for those that mental health providers serve.
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Ph: +64 9 414 0800 x43748 MOB:022 176 9372
Location: 3.51, North Shore Library Building 221 Dairy Flat Highway, Albany, Auckland 0632
Campus: Albany
Doctor of Philosophy - Fielding Graduate University (1998)
Master of Arts - Fielding Graduate University (1995)
Master of Science - Loma Linda University (1982)
Bachelor of Science - Southern Adventist University (1976)
Request Academic Output
Stiles-Smith, B., Kennedy, B., & Gardner, DH. (2016). Leadership report: Christchurch school drives intervention home. Journal of Educational Leadership, Policy and Practice. 31(1), 48-54 Retrieved from http://www.nzeals.org.nz/
[Journal article]Authored by: Gardner, D., Stiles-Smith, B.
Read Abstract:
Stiles-Smith, BL. (2015). Book Review: Desistance from Sex Offending: Alternatives to Throwing Away the Keys.. Practice:The New Zealand Corrections Journal. 3(1)
[Book Review]Authored by: Stiles-Smith, B.
Stiles-Smith, BL.(2012). The Choice and Partnership Approach. NZ: Paediatric Society of New Zealand
[Technical Report]Authored by: Stiles-Smith, B.


Lexus has just taken the wraps off the all-new 2018 LS 500 at the 2017 Detroit Auto Show. This new model is lower, longer and wider than the previous LS and features a strikingly bold design with a coupe-like silhouette. The LS is based on the same GA-L architecture as the LC coupe, which should give it a sporty feel. Engine options on the other hand are very different. The LC 500 is powered by the same V8 engine from the RC F and GS F, but the new LS 500 will only have a 3.5-liter V6.
The V6 is a twin-turbo unit that will be mated to a 10-speed automatic transmission. Output is 415 hp and 442 lb-ft of torque, which are both big improvements over the current model. Lexus projects a 0-60 mph time of around 4.5 seconds in RWD models. All-wheel drive will also be available. Even though the 10-speed transmission is a torque-converter, Lexus says that shift times rival that of dual-clutch transmissions. The drivetrain will be customizable with several drive modes including normal, sport, and sport + which affect throttle responsiveness. Like most Lexus models we expect that this powertrain will be incredibly comfortable while also giving a sporty exhaust note when put into sport mode.
Lexus says that the 10-speed transmission is ideal for a wide band of power in many driving situations. The high torque of the twin-turbo V6 matches well with the higher gears for effortless highway cruising, while quick downshifts allow for direct acceleration. The torque-converter can also lock up to provide a direct feel and better fuel economy. Lexus goal for this new LS is for it to embody "the history and image of Lexus and serve as a symbol for everything the brand stands for." The LS follows the new Lexus design language that we have come to know. The new LS ditches the classic three-box look in favor of a coupe-like design that will (hopefully) appeal to younger buyers.
Of course this new car has a very large version of the company's spindle grille, with new unique "Z-shaped" headlights. The LS will have five wheel designs, including two new 19-inch and 20-inch designs. On the inside it is clear that this is a flagship model. There are new seating designs which feature available 28-way power front seats with heating, cooling and massage functions.The rear seats can also have these features as well as a raised ottoman, available as part of the rear-seat luxury package. The rear seats can even be raised to help occupants exit the car. The navigation system has a 12.3-inch display with an optional 24-inch heads-up display (HUD), which Lexus says is the largest in any car.
The system is controlled through a new remote touch system that is supposed to mimic the functionality of a smartphone. The LS features an available Mark Levinson 3D audio system which lines the ceiling with speakers. We tested a Mark Levinson system in our review of the RX 450h and the sound was fantastic. The Lexus LS is back in a big way and ready to compete with the best that Germany has to offer. The LS 500 will be available near the end of 2017 and should be more affordable relative to its German rivals.


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Catholic Primary School
Pontefract, West Yorkshire, WF8 4AA
admin@sjp.bkcat.co.uk
Our School Family
BKCAT
School Open?
Applying for Free School Meals.
governors' secure area
Theme Plans
Upper Foundation
Lower Foundation
SAM (School Attendance Matters!)
R.E and Collective Worship
* PowerPoints made by the children for the children
* Work done by the children
* Policies
* Useful Documents
* R.E.Pictures
* Relationships and Sex Education
* Wednesday Word
Father Simon
St Joseph's Catholic Primary School Clubs
Aims of school clubs
At St Joseph's Catholic Primary School we aim to provide extra high quality teaching and coaching opportunities for children during and after school hours. This allows the children to further develop their social, emotional and educational skills.
Children will:
Have greater understanding of health and fitness and opportunities to opt for physical activity to encourage a healthy lifestyle, when attending sports clubs
Learn and develop new interests, skills and talents eg. singing, sport, ICT, art etc
Show a desire to improve and achieve in relation to their abilities and aspirations
Develop the appreciation of the concept of fair play, team play, honest competition and good sportsmanship when attending sports clubs.
Understand safe practice and develop a sense of responsibility
Promote self-esteem through physical competence and learning new skills
Activities that are available
Through the year, the school provides excellent extra-curricular activities such as:
High 5 Netball
All activities are delivered by staff or volunteers and on occasions by outside specialists who are fully DBS checked.
Clubs that are run by an outside organisation may incur a cost, however any costs are kept to a minimum.
The range of clubs aims to offer the children the opportunity to perform in both competitive and non-competitive games and educationally learn new skills.
Places will be offered based on the club's suitability to the age group
If requested, parents/carers need to complete and return any request form together with payment if required
Children are expected to listen to the club leaders and follow instructions. If a child is unable to stay on task, then they may have to be removed for health and safety reasons. Children will be given an opportunity to improve their behaviour before this action would be taken
The school office manages all administration and registers for school clubs, unless the club leader takes this role themselves.
A register should be taken in order to monitor attendance and to ensure that all children are accounted for in the event of an emergency or fire alarm.
Parents/carers should be aware where and when to collect their children after the club has finished
Children should wear appropriate clothing, where necessary eg. PE kit.
Parents/carers should be given reasonable notice before an event or competition
If a club has to be cancelled, we will advise the parents of the child as soon as possible
If a club is cancelled on the day, we will telephone or text the parents as soon as possible
Coaches in school clubs
Throughout the year,the school employs several specialists who are experts in their field. This helps to develop high quality PE , music and other activities within and beyond the curriculum time.
To ensure good quality teaching and coaching from outside providers, we will:
Check that coaches have the appropriate qualifications in their specialist subject and in coaching young people
Check that coaches are of good character and suitable to work with children by following required safeguarding checks and procedures. A member of staff may attend the first session of each club to ensure that the adult in charge is suitable
Give clear guidelines and support to coaches about health and safety procedures and school behaviour policy
Accident procedure
If an accident occurs, the club leader will follow the school procedures. If the leader is not a staff member, they will contact the nearest staff member who will take over.
The club leader will inform the parent of the event when they are collected.
If the child is unable to continue the club, the club leader will decide whether to contact the child's parents by phone to be collected early or get them to sit quietly until the end of the class.
Collecting children after a club
Any child not collected on time at the end of a school club will be brought to the school office where the club co-ordinator will contact parent/carer and wait with the child until they are collected.Parents must try their best to pick children up at the specified time. if parents are going to be late they must contact school as soon as possible to inform them and make any special arrangements.
St. Joseph's Catholic Primary School is part of the Bishop Konstant Catholic Academy Trust
For more information about the BKCAT click on the link below:
http://www.bkcat.co.uk
The Bishop Konstant Catholic Academy Trust is an exempt charity regulated by the Secretary of State for Education. It is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales, company number 8253770, whose registered office is at: The Zucchi Suite, Nostell Business Estate, Nostell, Wakefield, WF4 1AB.
© 2019 St Joseph's.
School website created with School Jotter, a Webanywhere product. [Administer Site]


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