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Sparx Services North America: Managing the Connective Tissue of Business
CIOREVIEW >> Enterprise Architecture >>
Chris Armstrong, President and Chief Architect Modern business environments are complex with a lot of pieces, and the picture each company is trying to assemble is unique—that's where competitive advantage comes from. Enterprise Architecture provides a structure and connective tissue for bringing order to the chaos that companies experience so they can operate more effectively.
Chris Armstrong, President and Chief Architect of Sparx Services North America says, "In an era where organizations outsource the majority of IT operations, strategy and architecture will remain core functions that can never be outsourced without diluting the source of competitive advantage." Granted, getting Enterprise Architecture right can be a challenge. Leveraging industry standards, robust toolsets, and gleaning best practices from those who have solved similar puzzles, can significantly increase a company's likelihood of success.
Successful companies have a set of goals that they are trying to achieve. It is important that the different players on the team all work together effectively to achieve those goals. "It isn't about a particular solution or process. It is about helping employees be more productive and achieving better results for the company. We don't want to just sell you a box of pieces, or some pre-assembled version of someone else's image of success, but help you bring your architecture vision into reality," emphasizes Ryan Schmierer, Director of Marketing and Operations.
Sparx Services North America takes a holistic approach towards enterprise architecture that integrates the different disciplines of business analysis, systems engineering, software development, agile development and IT operations with traditional architecture domains. This holistic approach is realized by bringing together standards, integrated processes, training methodologies, and the right set of tools to put the company's architecture framework into practice.
Enterprise Architecture is about Productivity, Not Religion
Architecture isn't a religion – it is a set of tools to help companies more effectively achieve their goals and ambitions. Many companies have seen past enterprise architecture initiatives fail to achieve desired results because they were focusing too much attention on the activities of architecture instead of the outcomes that architecture could bring to the organization. As companies seek out digital transformation initiatives, sustainable value generation, harvesting insights for informed decisions, and optimizing operations—enterprise architecture has the potential to make a tremendous impact. The key is remaining focused on the goal.
Although quite a few companies claim to utilize enterprise architecture, practitioners and decision-makers often feel that the expected value isn't really getting generated through the company's projects and initiatives. "I often talk to practitioners on this topic, and they say that in spite of plans, models, and standards, they really don't know if architectural content is directly impacting their organization's business transformation," informs Armstrong. Architecture artifacts need to be blueprints that help employees be more productive and generate value for the organization, not just art to hang on the wall.
The definition of agility is the ability to effectively and efficiently respond to change. According to Armstrong, "the litmus test of a good enterprise architecture is how well it responds to change also. That's the purpose of architecture, to design for change! You can't be agile at the enterprise level without an underpinning architecture describing where you are, where you are going and the pieces that need to be put in place to get you there."
Tools, Skills, Experience and Standards = A Recipe for Success
Companies use tools, skills and frameworks together… Why do they have to get them from different places? With the creation of Sparx Services North America in 2017, companies can now get the holistic solution they need in one place, instead of having to assemble a box of parts from different vendors that really don't fit well together.
We don't want to just sell you a box of pieces, or some pre-assembled version of someone else's image of success, but help you bring your own architecture vision into reality
While other companies are scaling back investments in their enterprise architecture offerings, Sparx is going big. They took the architecture training and consulting experience from Armstrong Process Group, the industry's most widely used and affordable EA software platform from Sparx Systems, combined with decades of active involvement in developing Industry standards and a local presence in North America where many large global organizations are based. Some IT leaders have said that the creation of Sparx Services North America in 2017 was one of the biggest developments they have seen in the Enterprise Architecture space since the early IBM Rational days.
Collaborating to Make Standards More Usable
Standards are a great way to access the collective wisdom and experience of the global community of architects and other practitioners without the cost of developing the experience yourself. The staff at Sparx Services North America is actively engaged with industry standards organizations to collect, refine, and share best practices for enterprise architecture and related disciplines. Some notable examples include engagement with: The Open Group to develop the next version of TOGAF™ and refine the ArchiMate™ modeling standard; the Business Architecture Guild to contribute to a guide to the Business Architecture Body of Knowledge (BIZBOK®), and the Object Management Group to contribute to UML™, UAF™, SysML™ and UPDM™.
Standards, like architecture artifacts, don't do companies any good confined to the pages of books – they need to be translated into the skills, processes, and tools that practitioners will need to utilize the standards in their daily work. As founding members of the Center for Enterprise Architecture at Pennsylvania State University, Sparx Services North America has contributed a considerable amount of content in the form of EA courseware and practices to advance formal academic programs in enterprise architecture.
Sparx Services North America has worked with partners to develop a UML™ (Unified Modeling Language) profile to support BIZBOK® Guide for Business Architecture in Sparx Enterprise Architect that will be released along with new training offering this spring. The development teams at Sparx Systems released a Business Analyst Toolkit for Sparx EA in partnership with International Institute of Business Analysis (IIBA) making the content and models from the BABOK Guide® available to Business Analysts through the Sparx Enterprise Architect and ProCloud Server platforms. The company is also working on a Unified Profile for how to use UPDM and UAF for DoDAF and greater support for the National Information Exchange Model (NIEM), targeted specifically at the defense contractor community and government organizations.
A big part of the Sparx Services North America mission is making architectural content accessible and usable to more people—if people can't access content for decision making, the content might as well not exist.
Sparx aims at harmonizing industry standards over the next few years to ensure that practitioners are not left with a disjointed mess of standards, processes and tools without guidance on how to assemble them effectively. The upcoming release of Sparx EA14 later this year is aimed at providing a single modeling tool to support the entire architecture team within a company, with enhanced support for standards, business process simulation and sharing architecture models across the enterprise.
"The challenge lies not in defining enterprise architecture, but in effectively strategizing and contextualizing the framework to deliver successful results from your architecture efforts"
Deriving the Most Out of Architecture Journey
Every company (and individual) is somewhere along their own unique enterprise architecture journey. The path a company chooses to pursue may vary. Experiences of past architecture endeavors also vary from those who have failed to realize desired value out of architectural initiatives and are skeptical, those who have heard about enterprise architecture and its value potential but have not experienced it themselves, and those who have had a positive architecture experience and understand its benefits.
Architects at Sparx Services North America have encountered these experiences personally, with decades of experience working with companies across industries, wherever they are on their architecture journey
- Don't know where to begin
- Building the fundamentals of an Architecture practices
- Recovering from a false start (failed implementation of tools and/or process)
- Settling in for the long haul and driving improvements that last
- Maintaining stamina and a steady pace as faces change and the business evolves
They also understand the opportunities presented at different stages of journey and how to turn them into results for the companies they work with. "The challenge lies not in defining enterprise architecture, but in effectively strategizing and contextualizing the framework to deliver successful results from your architecture efforts," adds Wally McLaughlin, Director of Sales. It's about getting the most from the architecture journey.
Engaging with the Architecture Community
Enterprise architecture is truly a community endeavor. Individuals share their knowledge and experience which are made available to others through standards. Companies share their ideas and challenges to prompt vendors to create new tool capabilities and training courses. Sparx has a large and active global user community supported by social media, online discussion forums and regional events.
Sparx Services North America will be hosting a 2-day North American Sparx EA User Group event this coming June in the Washington, DC area—providing an opportunity for companies and individuals to come together to network with enterprise architecture experts, share ideas and learn about how others are solving their business challenges using enterprise architecture. The keynote presenter for this event is John A. Zachman creator of the popular Zachman enterprise architecture framework.
"At Sparx Services North America, all our efforts are directed to helping companies address their most compelling business needs. By enabling architects, business analysts, project teams and decision makers to be more effective and productive, we believe we can help their organizations accomplish great things," concludes Armstrong.
Sparx Services North America
Chris Armstrong, President and Chief Architect and Wally McLaughlin, Director of Sales, Sam Courtney, Technical Sales Lead and Ryan Schmierer, Director of Marketing and Operations
Provides enterprise architecture solutions, services, and toolkits for business operations
https://www.cioreview.com/sparx-services-north-america


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Q: Why can I see SSL communication as a plain text in a sniffer? I've created WCF Service and I share it via ssl. I have little knowledge about security, but I'm curious why can I see whole communication as a plain text in httpAnalyzer, even though POSTs are sending via https?
When my client application invokes wcf service, then I can see it in sniffer - passwords etc.
Does it mean that SSL works only on the lower layer - while transporting data? So every evil application can sniff communication on client's side and an encryption only secures us against man-in-the-middle?

A: Most likely HTTP analyzer install it's own root certificate, and intercepts SSL traffic, working as man-in-the-middle.

A: SSL works indeed on a "lower layer" than HTTP. According to the OSI Model, SSL works on the Session Layer, while HTTP is on the Application Layer.
Most of these clientside HTTP Analyzers work from within the browser, analyzing the HTTP traffic on the application layer, before it is processed by the SSL logic. So it is completely normal to see the plain HTTP request.
Concerning security, an evil application installed within the browser can indeed read upon the traffic. But once it is processed by the SSL layer, it becomes way harder for an evil application to read the traffic.
SSL works by firstly authenticating the server to you as a client. (Do I talk to the one I really want to talk to). As you can't know all of the servers and their certificates before hand, you use some well known root certificates, which are pre-installed on your OS. These are used to check if some server is perhaps known by an already well known service. (I don't know you, but some really important server tells me that you indeed are who you say you are).
This authentication step works independent from the encryption of the traffic. No program can decrypt an arbitrary SSL stream by "installing a root certificate". (As said these root certificates are already on your machine from the first moment you install an OS on it =)
But if a evil programs is able to let you believe that you are talking to a legitimate server, using a forged root certificate for example, instead of actually talking to malware, it is able to see what the contents of the SSL traffic is. But then again, you are talking to the evil program itself, not the server you were intended to talk to. This is however not the case with HTTP Analyzer
This is in short terms how SSL works and hopefully answers your question.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In one of the most chilling, demanding tests of faith recorded, God asked Abraham to sacrifice his son, Isaac. Alistair Begg explains that God's provision may not always be what we desire, but what He designs is always best. With a humble heart that submits to God's power, we can exercise a faith that far outweighs what the world deems logical.


The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) successfully conducted Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) offline on 2nd April 2017. A huge number of candidates applied and appeared for the Pen & Paper Based examination in both morning and afternoon sessions. All the candidates who had appeared for the JEE Main Paper I & II are searching for the answer key so that they can analyze the performance in the exam and predict the results. CBSE not yet released JEE Main 2nd April Answer Key. Meanwhile, candidates can check JEE Main 2017 Answer Key which is unofficial from the direct link provided below.
Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) is an all India common engineering entrance examination which is conducted for admission in various engineering colleges and courses all over the country. Joint Seat Allocation Authority 2015 (JoSAA 2015) conducted the joint admission process for a total of 18 IITs, ISM Dhanbad, 32 NITs, 18 IIITs and 19 other Government Funded Technical Institutes (GFTIs). JEE Main exam has two papers, Paper-1 and Paper-2. Candidates who had written the exam can check the answer key from the official website.
The cutoff marks for the JEE Mains Paper I & II depends on the difficulty level of the paper and category wise. We will update JEE Mains 2017 cutoff marks. Candidates can check the expected cutoff marks here.
CBSE released notification and invited online applications for the JEE Mains 2017 examination. A large number of candidates who are looking for the admissions into Undergraduate Engineering Programs at NITs, IIITs, Other Centrally Funded Technical Institutions, Institutions funded by participating State Governments, and other Institutions applied and appeared for the examination. Candidates who had written the exam can check the unofficial answer key which is solved by various private coaching institutions from the direct link provided below.


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50 Most Affordable Bachelor's in Economics Programs for 2020
Are you interested in the state of the economy? Do you excel at crunching numbers? Then, a bachelor's degree in economics may be the ticket to the career of your dreams. This undergraduate credential can prepare you for further study in a graduate economics program or qualify you for entry-level positions in this well-established field. In this ranking, we explore the top 50 best bachelor's in economics programs.
Types of degrees covered in this ranking include the following:
Online Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Economics
Online Bachelor of Science (BS) in Economics
Online Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA): Economics
Are you undecided as to what major to pursue? Check out our article 5 of the Easiest Online Bachelor's Degrees.
Net Price Below $10,000: 4 points
Net Price Below $25,000: 1 point
Less than 20:1: 1 point
Less than 15: 1: 2 points
Return on Investment (ROI) According to Payscale.com
Top 500: 1 point
Top 300: 2 points
Student Support Network (faculty mentors/advisors, writing/technology support, etc.)— 1 point per item
Concentrations/Specializations – 1 point per item
Accreditation (School-Wide and Program-Specific) – 1 point per item
Campus Diversity Support Network – 1 point per item
"Wow" Factor – 1 point (anything that would mark a program as unique. Special qualities that make a program "stand out from the crowd")
Ranking the Top Bachelor of Economics Degree Programs
Our search for the top economics bachelor's programs began with an initial pool of 165 programs with tuition costs of less than $20,000 annually. We then applied an ROI filter, eliminating programs with ROI rankings of over 600. Finally, we applied the rating and ranking methodology above. In cases of a tie, the more affordable bachelor's in economics program received the higher ranking.
#50—University of Toledo
Bachelor's in Economics
Undergraduate Enrollment: 16,194
SAT/ACT Score Requirement: 830-910/15-16
The University of Toledo offers a bachelor of economics degree program that emphasizes undergraduate research. An optional concentration in Environmental Economics is available. This four-year program requires core courses such as Principles of Macroeconomics, Introduction to Econometrics, and Intermediate Microeconomic Theory. Students pursuing the Environmental Economics concentration will take additional classes like Natural Resource Economics, Applied Environmental Economics, and Energy Economics. The University of Toledo has been recognized by U.S. News & World Report as a top national university. It is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission to award this economics bachelor's degree.
#49—Worcester State University
Economics BS
Undergraduate Enrollment: 5,495
SAT/ACT Score Requirement: Varies
The bachelor's economics degree from Worcester State University is a Bachelor of Science in Economics. Core courses required for the major include Introduction to Microeconomics, Intermediate Macroeconomics, In
troduction to Econometrics, and Introduction to Mathematical Economics, for instance. Additional classes comprising the curriculum for the program include Financial Markets and Institutions, Investment Analysis, Economic Development, and International Finance, for example. Worcester State is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education to award this undergraduate degree in economics. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the school as a leading regional university in the North and ranked it among the top 35 public schools in the nation.
#48—Wichita State University
Economics BA
SAT/ACT Score Requirement: 1080/21
Wichita State University offers a Bachelor of Arts in Economics degree from its Fairmount College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. Students enrolled in the program will take core courses such as Introductory Business Statistics, Principles of Microeconomics, and Business Calculus, for example. Additional course titles associated with the degree include Statistical Software Applications for Business, Intermediate Macroeconomics, Business Software: Excel, and more. A minor in economics program is also available. Wichita State is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission to award this baccalaureate degree in economics. U.S. News & World Report has identified the school as a top national university.
#47—Touro College
Touro College offers its bachelor of economics degree from the Lander College of Arts & Sciences. The curriculum for the program features a business core, including classes like Statistics for Social Science Majors, Principles of Management, and Computer Concepts with Business Applications, for instance. Major-specific classes include titles like Topics in Economics, Corporate Finance, Comparative Economic Systems, and Urban Economics. Touro College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education to award this bachelor's in economics credential. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the college as one of the leading regional universities in the North.
#46—Texas Tech University
SAT/ACT Score Requirement: Varies (1180-1290/24-27)
The bachelor's in economics program from Texas Tech University is a comprehensive 120-credit hour Bachelor of Arts program. The curriculum for the program features core courses such as Principles of Economics, Intermediate Economic Theory, and Intermediate Macroeconomics, for instance. Additional classes required for the degree include Introduction to Statistics with Application to Business, Development of Economic Doctrines, and Texas Politics and Topics. Texas Tech is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award this undergraduate degree in economics. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the school as a leading national university and ranked it among the top 100 public schools in the country.
#45—Park University
Parkville, Missouri
SAT/ACT Score Requirement: 940/20
The economics bachelor's option from Park University is a Bachelor of Science program requiring 120 credit hours of study. Students must fulfill 77 of these credit hours in the economics major by taking courses such as Money, Credit, and Banking; Labor Economics; International Trade and Finance; and Managerial Economics. A two-part senior comprehensive examination is also required. The university also offers a minor in economics as well as dual major opportunities. Graduates of the bachelor's program are prepared for careers as financial analysts, accountants, business reporters, and economic consultants. The Higher Learning Commission has accredited Park University to award this undergraduate economics credential. U.S. News & World Report has placed the school among the top regional universities in the Midwest.
#44—California State University—East Bay
BS in Economics
The bachelor of economics degree program from California State University- East Bay is a comprehensive 120-credit hour Bachelor of Science in Economics. Major courses required for the degree include Elements of Statistics and Probability, Quantitative Methods for Economists, and Mathematics for Business With Calculus, for instance. Students enrolled in the program will also fulfill an upper-division core, consisting of classes like Game Theory; Money, Banking, and Financial Intermediaries; and Introduction to Econometrics. Elective offerings include titles such as Environmental Economics, Issues in Economic Analysis, Introduction to Industrial Organization, and more. The WASC Senior College and University Commission has accredited Cal State- East Bay to award this economics credential at the undergraduate level. U.S. News & World Report has identified the school as one of the best regional universities in the West.
#43—Salisbury University
BA in Economics
The bachelor's in economics degree from Salisbury University is a BA option offered through the Perdue School of Business and the Economics and Finance Department. Requirements for the major include course titles like Modern Statistics with Computer Analysis, Econometrics, and Quantitative Economics, for example. Enrolled students will also choose from elective offerings like Monetary Policy and the U.S. Economy, Public Sector Economics, The Economics of Voluntary Exchange, and Financial Institutions and Markets. Directed study opportunities are available. Salisbury University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education to award this undergraduate credential in economics. A leading regional university (North), the school has been ranked among the top 70 best value schools and the top 25 public schools nationwide.
#42—University of Akron
The BA in Economics program from the University of Akron provides students with a strong liberal arts foundation. The curriculum emphasizes real-world application of skills and includes core courses like Introduction to Economics, Principles of Microeconomics, and Principles of Macroeconomics. Students will also take more advanced courses in economics such as Industrial Organization and Public Policy, Economics of the Public Sector, and Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment, for instance. Internship opportunities are also available, and a senior project in economics is required. In addition to the BA in Economics, the University of Akron also offers a BS in Labor Economics. The Higher Learning Commission has accredited the school to award these bachelor's in economics degrees. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the school as a top national university.
#41—Southern Illinois University- Edwardsville
Edwardsville, Illinois
Southern Illinois University- Edwardsville offers both a BA and a BS in Economics from its Department of Economics and Finance. Sample course titles comprising the curriculum for this undergraduate offering include Statistical Analysis for Business Decisions, Business Forecasting, and Intermediate Microeconomic Theory. The university also offers a minor in economics. Southern Illinois University- Edwardsville is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission to award this baccalaureate degree in economics. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the school as a top national university.
#40—California State University-San Marcos
San Marcos, California
California State University-San Marcos offers a comprehensive 120-credit hour bachelor of economics degree program. This program requires that students take a number of core courses, including Probability Modeling and Statistical Inference, Econometrics, Principles of Microeconomics, and Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory. The program prepares graduates for further study in an economics master's program as well as for careers in business, journalism, banking, academia, and more. Cal State- San Marcos is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission to award this bachelor's economics credential. U.S. News & World Report has ranked the school among the top 100 regional universities in the West and the top 35 public schools nationwide.
#39—Texas A&M- Corpus Christi
BBA in Economics
The economics bachelor's option from Texas A&M- Corpus Christi is a Bachelor of Business Administration degree with a concentration in Economics. The curriculum is comprised of a business core, featuring classes such as Behavior in Organizations, Communicating in Business, Management Information Systems, and Financial Management, for example. Students will also take classes in the economics concentration such as Labor Economics, Money and Banking, Managerial Economics, and more. Opportunities for internships and independent study are available. Texas A&M- Corpus Christi is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award this bachelor of economics degree. U.S. News & World Report has identified the school as a top national university.
#38—California State University-Fullerton
California State University-Fullerton offers a bachelor's in economics program through the school's Mihaylo College of Business and Economics. The 120-credit hour offering requires lower-division courses such as Principles of Macroeconomics, Managerial Accounting, and Business and Its Legal Environment. Upper-division requirements include Economic Research Methods, Advanced Business Communication, Business Analytics, and Introduction to Econometrics. An economics capstone and 15 units of upper-division electives are also required for completion of the degree. The WASC Senior College and University Commission has accredited Cal State- Fullerton to award this economics bachelor's credential. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the school as a top national university and a top public school. It has also lauded its business programs for quality and excellence.
#37—Grove City College
Grove City, Pennsylvania
Grove City College offers two bachelor's in economics programs: a BA in Economics and a BS in Business Economics. Students enrolled in either program will be required to take economics core courses such as Economic Thought Since 1870, Foundations of Economics, and Introduction to Econometrics. Those enrolled in the Business Economics option will also fulfill a business core, including course titles like Global Business Issues, Legal Environment of Business, Business Policy and Strategy, and Business Computer Applications, for instance. Grove City College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education to award these undergraduate economics degrees. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the school as one of the leading national liberal arts colleges in the United States.
#36—Western Michigan University
Bachelor in Economics
Western Michigan University offers three options for bachelor's in economics students: a BS in Economics, a BA in Economics, and a BBA in Economics. Core requirements for economics majors include Exploring Economic Data, Principles of Microeconomics, and Econometrics. Additional classes in economics include Managerial Economics, The Economics of Medical Care, Sports Economics, and Mathematics for Economists. Western Michigan University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission to award this bachelor of economics degree. U.S. News & World Report has named the school a leading national university.
#35—SUNY- Geneseo
SUNY- Geneseo offers a bachelor of arts in economics degree from its prestigious School of Business. Basic requirements for the degree include course titles like Business Economic Statistics, Econometrics, Introductory Microeconomics, and Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory, for instance. Related requirements include classes such as Business Communication and Applied Calculus. The university also offers a minor in economics. SUNY College at Geneseo is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education to award this baccalaureate degree in economics. U.S. News & World Report has awarded the school numerous accolades, including top 15 placement in its ranking of best regional universities (North) and a #2 ranking in its list of top public schools nationwide.
#34—Kean University
The bachelor of economics option from Kean University is offered through the school's College of Business and Public Administration. This BA in Economics requires core courses such as Statistics for Business and Economics, Money and Banking, Econometrics, and Principles of Microeconomics. A minor in economics is also available as is a certification program in economics teaching. Students enrolled in the program benefit from hands-on learning experiences and internship opportunities. Kean University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education to award this economics bachelor's degree. U.S. News & World Report has identified the school as a leading regional university (North) and ranked it among the top 50 public schools nationwide.
#33—Sonoma State University
Bachelor of Arts in Economics
The economics bachelor's degree program from Sonoma State University is a BA option offered through the university's School of Business and Economics. Core requirements for the degree include Introduction to Econometrics, Statistics for Economics and Business, Microeconomic Theory, and Introduction to Macroeconomics. A minor in economics is available as are double major opportunities. The program prepares graduates for careers in insurance, sales management, education banking and finance, and more. Sonoma State University is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission to award this undergraduate credential in economics. U.S. News & World Report has ranked the school among the top 65 regional universities in the West and the top 20 public schools nationwide.
#32—North Dakota State University
Economics Bachelor's Degree
The economics bachelor's degree program from North Dakota State University's Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics features tracks in both general economics and quantitative economics. Students can further customize their plan of study through the selection of electives. Sample course titles include Mathematics for Business, Principles of Microeconomics, Business Use of Computers, and Econometrics. NDSU is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission to award this undergraduate degree in economics. U.S. News & World Report has placed the school among the top national universities and the top public schools nationwide.
#31—Fitchburg State University
Fitchburg, Massachusetts
SAT/ACT Score Requirement: 990-1180/19-24
Fitchburg State University offers a bachelor's in economics program with an optional concentration in International Business and Economics. This Bachelor of Science option includes required courses such as History of Economic Thought, Calculus for Business, Principles of Macroeconomics, and Business Statistics, for example. Students will also choose from elective offerings such as Urban Economics, Economics of Inequality, Basic Data Skills for Economics and Business, and U.S. Economics History. Internship and independent study opportunities are available. Fitchburg State is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education to award this bachelor of economics degree. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the school as a top regional university in the North and placed it among the 50 top public schools in the nation.
#30—Florida State University
The bachelor of economics degree from Florida State University is offered through the College of Social Sciences and Public Policy. Core courses for the major include Analysis of Economic Data, Intermediate Microeconomic Theory, and Introduction to Econometrics. Students will also choose from elective offerings like Markets and Institutions, Resource and Environmental Economics, Public Sector Economics, and Economic Theory. A minor in economics is also available, and students also have the opportunity to select a second major. The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges has accredited FSU to award this economics bachelor's credential. U.S. News & World Report has ranked the school among the top 75 national universities.
#29—Weber State University
SAT/ACT Score Requirement: N/A
The bachelor of science in economics from Weber State University is offered through the AACSB-accredited John B. Goddard School of Business & Economics. The program emphasizes general economics, but a minor from the College of Behavioral and Social Sciences is required. Required courses include Principles of Microeconomics, Introduction to Research Methods, and Business Statistics, for example. Students will also choose from elective offerings such as Women in the World Economy, International Finance and Monetary Systems, Industrial Organization, and Public Finance. Weber State is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities to award this undergraduate degree in economics. U.S. News & World Report has identified the school as a top regional university in the West.
#28—Florida International University
The economics bachelor's degree option from Florida International University is a BA in Economics offered through the Steven J. Green School of International & Public Affairs and the Department of Economics. Lower-division preparation courses required for the degree include Principles of Macroeconomics, Introduction to Statistics, and Calculus for Business. The upper-division program is comprised of course titles like Measurement and Analysis of Economic Activity, Introduction to Econometrics, and Intermediate Microeconomics, for instance. Students will also be asked to fulfill 15 credit hours of major-specific electives. A combined BA/MA in Economics is also available. FIU is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award this economics bachelor's degree. U.S. News & World Report has identified the school as a top national university and ranked it among the top 100 public schools nationwide.
#27—Wright State University
Wright State University offers two distinct options for bachelor's economics students: a BS in Business with an emphasis in Economics and a BA in Economics. Requirements for the economics major include Introduction to Econometrics, Intermediate Microeconomics, and Institutional Economics, for instance. Students pursuing the BS in Business degree will take additional business courses such as Operations and Supply Chain Management, Business Ethics and Leadership Development, Economics of Global Money Markets, and Fundamentals of Information Systems. Dual bachelor's and master's degree options are also available. Wright State is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission to award these bachelor's in economics credentials. U.S. News & World Report has placed the school among the top national universities in the United States.
#26—Midwestern State University
Wichita Falls, Texas
Economics BBA
SAT Score Requirement: 1070-1180
Midwestern State University offers a bachelor's in economics program with an optional concentration in Agribusiness. Technically a BBA in Economics offered through the school's Dillard College of Business Administration, the program features a 27-semester hour business core. Classes required for the core include Foundations of Business, Managerial Accounting, Information Technology Concepts for Business, and Math Analysis for Business. Students will also take additional courses such as Strategic Management, Intermediate Macroeconomics, and Management Information Systems. MSU is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges, and the program itself is accredited by the AACSB. U.S. News & World Report has identified the school as a top 100 regional university in the West and placed it among the top 40 public schools in the nation.
#25—California State University—Sacramento
California State University—Sacramento offers a bachelor of economics degree program through its College of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies. This BA offering requires pre-major courses like Modern Business Mathematics, Introduction to Statistics, and Introduction to Macroeconomic Analysis. Students will also take upper-division classes such as Economic History of the United States, Quantitative Economic Analysis, and Economic Research Methods. The remaining economics curriculum consists of elective offerings like Economics of Racism and Women and the Economy, for example. Sacramento State is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission to award this economics bachelor's degree. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the school for its leading undergraduate business programs and identified it as among the top 75 regional universities in the West and the top 20 public schools in the country.
#24—Florida Atlantic University
Florida Atlantic University offers a bachelor of economics program with tracks in Business and General Economics. Both tracks require economics major courses like Managerial Economics, Introduction to Econometric Methods, and Intermediate Microeconomics. Students will also choose from elective classes such as Healthcare Economics and Policy, Mathematical Economics, Public Opinion and Research, and Industrial Economics, for example. Internship opportunities are also available. FAU is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award this bachelor's in economics credential. U.S. News & World Report has ranked the school among the top national universities for 2019.
#23—California State University—Long Beach
The bachelor in economics offering from California State University- Long Beach is a 120-credit hour BA program. The curriculum for this undergraduate economics degree program consists of a lower-division core featuring classes like Principles of Microeconomics, Survey of Calculus, and Calculus for Business. Upper-division requirements include Economic Statistics, Microeconomic Theory, and Macroeconomic Theory. A minimum of six upper-division elective courses are also required for graduation. Cal State- Long Beach is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission to award this bachelor of economics. U.S. News & World Report has identified the school as a top 30 regional university in the West and awarded it its #3 spot in its ranking of top public schools nationwide.
#22—Framingham State University
The versatile bachelor of arts in economics from Framingham State University features tracks in both Business and Finance. The curriculum for the program requires seven specific courses, including classes in micro and macroeconomics, economic theories, economic tools, and more. A minor in economics is also available. Framingham State University is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education to award this degree. U.S. News & World Report has identified the school as a top regional university in the North and placed it among the top 40 public schools nationwide.
#21—University of Minnesota-Duluth
The University of Minnesota-Duluth offers both a BA in Economics and a BBA in Economics through its Labovitz School of Business and Economics. Major-specific courses required for the degree include Developmental Economics, Global Economic Issues, and Applied Statistics for Business and Economics, for instance. Students pursuing the BBA credential will also take core business classes like Principles of Marketing, Human Resource Management, Strategic Management, and Organizational Behavior and Management. The University of Minnesota- Duluth is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, and the program itself is accredited by the AACSB. U.S. News & World Report has placed the school among the top 50 regional universities in the Midwest and the top 60 best value schools.
#20—St. Cloud State University
Saint Cloud State University offers three bachelor of economics degree programs from its School of Public Affairs: a BA in Economics, a BA in Business Economics, and a BS in Mathematical Economics. These offerings feature small class sizes and flexible scheduling options, with some classes available online. For interested students, there are also paid internship opportunities. Graduates of these bachelor's in economics degree programs are prepared for careers as researchers, project administrators, market research analysts, compensation managers, and more. St. Cloud State University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission to award these undergraduate economics credentials. U.S. News & World Report has identified the school as a top regional university (Midwest) and ranked it among the top 40 public schools in the nation.
#19—North Carolina A&T State University
Economics Bachelor's
North Carolina A&T State University offers a bachelor of economics degree program with optional concentrations in Business and Law. Despite their choice of concentration, all economics majors will take core classes in the discipline like Money and Banking, International Economics, and Introduction to Econometrics, for example. Students in the Law concentration will take additional courses in Business Law, Law and Philosophy, and Legal Environment of Business. Alternatively, those in the Business concentration will study Management Science, Marketing Concepts, and Business Reports and Presentations. An economics seminar/capstone is also required. The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges has accredited North Carolina A&T State to award the bachelor of economics degree. U.S. News & World Report has identified the school as a top national university and ranked it among the top 10 historically black colleges and universities in the country.
#18—California State University—San Bernardino
The BA in Economics from California State University- San Bernardino is offered through the school's College of Social and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Economics. The comprehensive 180-unit program consists of required courses such as Applied Business Statistics, Statistics for Economists, Basic Concepts of Calculus, and Principles of Microeconomics. Upper-division classes include titles like Multinational Corporations, Economics of the Environment, Tools of Economic Analysis, and Public Economics. The WASC Senior College and University Commission has accredited Cal State- San Bernardino to award this bachelor's credential in economics. The school has been awarded a number of accolades from U.S. News & World Report, including top placement in its rankings of top regional universities (West), best value schools, and top public schools.
#17—California State University—Northridge
The bachelor of arts in economics degree program from California State University- Northridge is offered through the David Nazarian College of Business and Economics. The curriculum for the program requires lower-division courses such as Mathematical Models for Business, Information System for Business Users, and Statistics for Business and Economics. Upper-division classes include The Use and Interpretation of Economic Data, Macroeconomic Theory, and Price Theory and Applications, for instance. Double major opportunities are available. The WASC Senior College and University Commission has accredited Cal State- Northridge to award this undergraduate economics degree. The school has been recognized by U.S. News & World Report as a top 75 regional university (West) and a top 25 public school nationwide.
#16—California State University—Fresno
California State University—Fresno offers a robust 120-credit hour BA in Economics program from its Craig School of Business and the Department of Economics. Students enrolled in the program are required to take major-specific courses such as Macroeconomics & International Economics, Historical & Political Economics, and Microeconomics, for example. Additional course offerings include History of Economic Thought, Economic Development of Poor Nations, and Money and Banking. Minors in Economics and International Political Economy are also available as are double major opportunities. The WASC Senior College and University Commission has accredited Fresno State to award this bachelor's in economics. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the university as a top public school and a leading national university.
#15—College of Staten Island
The economics bachelor's degree program from the College of Staten Island features specializations in both Business and Finance. Offered through the college's School of Business and Department of Economics, the program requires major courses such as Introduction to Econometrics and Introduction to Economic and Managerial Statistics. Students who opt for the Business specialization will take additional classes like Organizational Theory and Management, Managerial Finance, and Introduction to Accounting. Those in the Finance specialization will study International Finance, Advanced Corporate Finance, and Managerial Economics. An Honors track is also available. The College of Staten Island is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education to award this bachelor's economics degree. U.S. News & World Report has identified the College of Staten Island as one of the leading regional universities in the North.
#14—California State University—Bakersfield
Bachelor of Science in Economics
California State University- Bakersfield's bachelor's in economics degree program is offered through the university's School of Business and Public Administration. Sample course titles required for the degree include Economic Way of Thinking, Analyzing Economic Data, Quantitative Tools for Economists, and Contemporary Economic Issues. Opportunities for internships, cooperative education experiences, and individual study are also available. The university also offers a BBA in Economics and a minor in economics. Cal State- Bakersfield is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission to award this degree. U.S. News & World Report has ranked the school among the top 100 regional universities in the West and the top 40 public schools nationwide.
#13—San Francisco State University
The bachelor's economics degree program from San Francisco State University is a comprehensive BA program. The program's basic curriculum features core courses such as Introduction to Macroeconomic Analysis, Statistical Methods and Interpretation, and Introduction to Econometrics, for example. Advanced courses in economics include History of Labor in the United States, Health Economics, Collective Bargaining, and Economics of Poverty and Discrimination. The university also offers a minor in economics. Students have the opportunity to focus their studies in various areas of concentration, including Law and Economics, Urban Issues, Labor Issues, and more. A separate track is also available for students who plan to pursue graduate studies in economics. San Francisco State is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission to award this undergraduate degree in economics. U.S. News & World Report has named the school a top national university.
#12—California State University-Chico
The bachelor of economics from California State University-Chico is a 120-credit hour BA program. Major core courses required for the degree include Economic Statistics, Microeconomic Analysis, and Principles of Macroeconomic Analysis. Elective offerings include Issues in Global Environment and Development, International Economics, Theory of Money, and Economic Forecasting. An Honors track in Economics is also available as are double major opportunities. The WASC Senior College and University Commission has accredited Cal State- Chico to award this bachelor's degree in economics. U.S. News & World Report has ranked the university among the top 45 regional universities in the West and the top 10 public schools nationwide.
#11—Brigham Young University—Provo
The bachelor of economics program from Brigham Young University- Provo is offered through the school's Department of Family, Home, and Social Sciences. Students enrolled in the program will take core classes such as Economic Principles and Problems, Intermediate Price Theory, and Statistics for Economists, for example. Additional course titles include Economics of Education, Game Theory and Economics, International Trade Theory and Applications, and Natural Resources and Environmental Economics. A Career Preparation Seminar is also recommended. Graduates of the program are well-prepared for graduate study or careers in finance, law, business, public policy, and more. The Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities has accredited BYU- Provo to award this bachelor's in economics degree. U.S. News & World Report has named the school a top 75 national university and a top 15 best value school.
#10—California State University-Stanislaus
BA in Applied Economics: Agricultural Economics
The unique bachelor's in economics program from California State University-Stanislaus is a BA in Applied Economics offering with a concentration in Agricultural Economics. Core courses required for the degree include Geographic Information Systems, Sustainable Agriculture, and Economics and Agriculture. Students will also take concentration-specific classes like Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Agricultural Markets and Pricing, and Natural Resources and Environmental Economics. A capstone course in agribusiness entrepreneurship or research methods in agriculture is also required. Independent study and internship opportunities are also available. The WASC Senior College and University Commission has accredited Cal State- Stanislaus to award this bachelor of economics degree. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the school as a top 50 regional university in the West as well as a top 10 national public school.
#9—California State University—Los Angeles
The bachelor of economics program from California State University- Los Angeles features tracks in Applied Economics and Social and Behavioral Sciences. Offered through the school's Department of Economics and Statistics, the program features required core courses such as Money, Banking, and the Economy; Applied Business and Economic Statistics; and Data Analysis, Reporting, and Presentation. Depending on the specific track they choose to pursue, students will also take additional classes like Mathematical Economics, Applied Economic and Business Forecasting, Urban and Regional Economics, and Issues in the Economics of Globalization. The university also offers a minor in economics as well as a BSBA in Economics program. Cal State- Los Angeles is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission to award this degree in economics. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the school as one of the top 55 regional universities in the West and a top 30 best value school.
#8—San Jose State University
San Jose State University offers an elective-rich bachelor of economics program with both BA and BS tracks. Core courses required for the major include Principles of Economics: Microeconomics, Economic Statistics, History of Economic Thought, and Macroeconomic Analysis. Students have the opportunity to customize their plans of study through the selection of over 20 units of electives. A minor in economics is also available through the College of Social Sciences and the Department of Economics. Some courses are available online. The WASC Senior College and University Commission has accredited San Jose State to award the bachelor's in economics credential. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the school as a top 35 regional university in the West and ranked it among the top 55 best value schools.
#7—University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
The University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire offers three different bachelor of economics degree programs: a business economics degree, a liberal arts economics degree, and an economics teaching degree. The liberal arts and teaching options are also available as minor programs. Sample course titles in economics include History of Economic Thought, Essentials of Managerial Economics, Elements of Mathematical Economics, and Business Fluctuations and Forecasting, for example. UW- Eau Claire is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission to offer these undergraduate economics degrees. U.S. News & World Report has awarded the school a number of top accolades, including top 40 placement in its ranking of top 40 regional universities in the Midwest and top 5 placement in its ranking of top public schools.
#6—CUNY City College
SAT Score Requirement: 1080
CUNY City College offers a bachelor's in economics program from its Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership and the Department of Economics and Business. Students enrolled in the degree program will take primary and major core courses such as Principles of Management, Microeconomic Theory, and Principles of Statistics, for instance. The remainder of the curriculum consists of additional field courses like Public Finance, Environmental Economics and Sustainability, International Finance, and Law and Economics. A minor in economics is also available. CUNY City College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education to award this undergraduate degree in economics. The school has received a number of accolades from U.S. News & World Report, including recognition as a top 60 regional universities in the North and a top 15 public school.
#5—CUNY Hunter College
CUNY Hunter College offers a BA in Economics. The curriculum for the program features basic and intermediate core courses such as Econometrics, Calculus for the Life and Social Sciences, and Statistics, for example. Students will also choose from elective offerings like Security and Investment Analysis, Women and Men in the Labor Market, Comparative Economic Systems, and International Finance. An economics minor, honors track, and BA/MA program are also available. The Middle States Commission on Higher Education has accredited Hunter College to award this bachelor of arts in economics degree. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the school as a top 25 regional university in the North as well as a top 70 best value school. The publication has also ranked Hunter College among the top 10 public schools in the nation.
#4—University of South Florida
The University of South Florida offers two bachelor of economics degree programs from its College of Arts and Sciences: a BA in Economics and a BS in Quantitative Economics and Econometrics. Students can choose to customize their program further by choosing an area of specialization such as Microeconomics; Macroeconomics; Marketing and Retail; Entrepreneurship, Business, Banking, and Finance; Development; Industrial Organization; and more. Graduates of the program go on to have successful careers in finance, transportation, healthcare, law, and more. The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges has accredited USF to award this baccalaureate degree in economics. U.S. News & World Report has recognized the school as a top national university and ranked it among the top 75 best value schools in the nation.
#3—Brigham Young University—Idaho
The versatile bachelor of economics program from Brigham Young University- Idaho features six concentration options, including a Pre-Law, Pre-MBA, and Agriculture track. The curriculum for the program is comprised of major core courses such as Introduction to Econometrics, Intermediate Macroeconomics, and Intermediate Microeconomics, for instance. Students will also take more advanced economics classes like Labor Economics, International Economics, Investment Analysis, and Money and Banking. Students must fulfill a total of 120 credit hours of coursework prior to graduation. Brigham Young University- Idaho is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities to award this degree. U.S. News & World Report has ranked BYU- Idaho among the top 20 regional colleges in the West.
#2—CUNY Bernard M. Baruch College
CUNY Bernard M. Baruch College offers its bachelor of economics degree from the Zicklin School of Business and the Bert W. Wasserman Department of Economics & Finance. This Bachelor of Arts program requires major courses such as Statistical Analysis for Economics and Finance, Intermediate Microeconomics, and Intermediate Macroeconomics. Students will choose from additional elective classes like International Economics and Finance, Urban Economic Structure, Industrial Organization and Public Policy, and Principles of Public Finance. A minor in economics and finance is also available. Baruch College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education to award this economics bachelor's degree. U.S. News & World Report has placed the school among the top 20 regional universities in the North and recognized it as a top 75 best value school.
#1—California State Polytechnic University-Pomona
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona offers a BS in Economics with concentration options in international, financial, environmental, labor, and quantitative economics. Core courses required for the degree include Economic Statistics, History of Economic Thought, Principles of Economics, and Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory. Additional classes include Analytical Geometry and Calculus, Distribution of Income, Introduction to Econometrics, and Advanced Economics. Cal State Poly Pomona is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission to award this economics bachelor's degree. U.S. News & World Report has identified the school as a top 30 regional universities in the West and a top 60 best value school.
About Bachelor's Degree in Economics Programs
Bachelor's degree programs in economics are typically four-year undergraduate programs. These programs often have a liberal arts focus, but sometimes, they are more business-focused.
Bachelor's degree programs in economics generally require 120 credit hours of coursework. This will include general education classes as well as major-specific courses related to economics. Some programs offer optional concentrations as well. Students who elect a concentration will take additional classes related to their chosen sub-field.
Economics Bachelor's Degree Programs: Admissions
Admissions requirements for bachelor's degree programs in economics are comparable to those associated with most other undergraduate degree programs. At a minimum, you'll need a high school diploma and test scores like SAT or ACT scores.
Some programs are more competitive than others, and each school and program will have its own method of evaluating readiness indicators like GPA and standardized test scores. Increasingly, schools are looking at ACT and SAT scores in combination with other indicators as opposed to in isolation. This means that you may be able to get into a program with a lower score so long as other parts of your application, such as your GPA for instance, are strong.
In addition to a high school diploma and standardized test scores, you may be asked to submit other documents such as a personal essay and letters of recommendation, for example. These application attachments will help the admissions committee get to know you better as an applicant and develop an understanding of what you hope to accomplish in a bachelor of economics program.
Bachelor's in Economics Degree Concentrations
Many bachelor's degree in economics programs give students the opportunity to customize their studies through the selection of a concentration or area of emphasis. These specialization options can be quite helpful, especially if you already know you want to work in a specific sub-field of economics.
The sub-discipline of business economics trains students to apply economic theory to real-world business scenarios. If you have dreams of working in the corporate world, then a concentration in business economics may be for you. Course titles you're likely to see on your degree plan include:
Business Cycles & Growth
Strategic Management & Business Policy
Legal Environment of Business
A bachelor's in economics program with a concentration in Actuarial Science teaches students how to effectively analyze risk. Graduates of this type of program usually go on to work in the insurance or finance industry. Course titles comprising the curriculum for a Bachelor's in Economics with a specialization in Actuarial Science include:
Statistics for Risk Modeling
Actuarial Financial Markets
Data Analysis for Statisticians and Actuaries
The behavioral economics concentration within a bachelor of economics degree program combines the study of economics with the study of behavioral sciences such as psychology and sociology. Students enrolled in such a program will learn the behavioral motives behind economic decisions on both a personal and institutional basis. Course titles may include:
Psychological Statistics and Methodology
A bachelor's in economics with a concentration in International Economics puts the study of economics into a global perspective. Students enrolled in a program of this kind will learn about international trade, diplomacy, and global finance, for instance. Sample course titles include:
International Trade: Theory and Policy
Global Financial Markets
Economy of Developing Countries
The public policy concentration is ideal for bachelor's economics students who wish to apply their knowledge of economics to public and community service or government affairs. The curriculum for a program of this kind will feature classes like the following:
Economics of the Public Sector
Seminar in Policy Analysis
Business & Public Policy
Students interested in both economics and finance will find the perfect combination in a Bachelor of Economics program with a concentration in Financial Economics. Such a degree plan will prepare students for roles as lending officers, investment managers, portfolio managers, and more. Courses one may encounter in this concentration include:
Theory of Financial Markets
Venture Capital Markets
Frequently-Asked Questions About Economics Bachelor's Degree Programs
Below you will find some general questions and answers related to bachelor in economics degree programs. If you have a specific question related to a particular program or school, it is best to direct it to an admissions counselor.
Q: How long does it take to earn a bachelor of economics degree?
A: Completion times vary, but typically, a bachelor's in economics degree requires four years of full-time study.
Q: How much does an economics bachelor's program cost?
A: Tuition costs vary widely from program to program, but it is possible to find an affordable bachelor's in economics program for less than $10,000 per year.
Q: Can I earn my bachelor of economics degree online?
A: Yes. Online bachelor's in economics programs are available as are hybrid offerings.
Q: What will I study as a bachelor's in economics student?
A: Once you fulfill the general education requirements for your undergraduate degree, you will take classes directly related to the economics major such as microeconomics, macroeconomics, statistics, calculus for economics majors, economic development, and more.
Most Frequently Searched Bachelor of Economics Programs
Florida International University-Bachelor of Arts in Economics: FIU offers a BA in Economics from its Steven J. Green School of International & Public Affairs. The program prepares graduates for master's-level study as well as for entry-level careers in economics.
Harvard University-Bachelor of Economics: The bachelor's degree program in economics is one of the largest undergraduate majors offered by the university. Options for independent study are available.
Loyola Marymount University-Bachelor's in Economics: LMU offers a robust bachelor's in economics degree program from its Bellamine College of Liberal Arts. BA and BS tracks are available as is a minor in economics.
University of Kansas-Economics Bachelor's Degree: The University of Kansas offers three different bachelor of economics programs: a Bachelor of Science (BS) in Economics, a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Economics, and a Bachelor of General Studies (BGS) in Economics. An honors program is also available.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Bachelor of Economics: The bachelor of economics degree program from MIT emphasizes undergraduate research in economics. Graduates of the program are well prepared for entry-level roles in the field or for graduate study in economics, business, or law.
New York University-Bachelor's in Economics: New York University offers a bachelor's in economics degree from its Stern School of Business. The program is highly selective and features study abroad opportunities.
Career Questions About Bachelor's in Economics Degrees
Q: What can I do with a bachelor's in economics degree?
A: There are many positions available for those individuals with a bachelor of economics credential. Some of these include economic consultants, actuaries, auditors, investment analysts, market research analysts, and more.
Q: How much will I make with a bachelor of economics credential?
A: The average salary for graduates of a BA in economics program is $71,000 according to Payscale.com. Your actual salary will vary depending upon several different factors, including your specific employer and job title, for instance.
Q: Are jobs for professionals with an economics bachelor's degree in demand?
A: Yes. Jobs for economists are growing at a steady rate according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Related occupations such as actuaries are growing faster than average.
Q: What professional organizations exist for those with a bachelor in economics?
A: There are numerous professional organizations and associations open to those with a bachelor of economics credential. Some of these are listed below:
Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory
American Economic Association
National Association for Business Economics
National Economic Association
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By GVC Staff

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home / Young Leaders Concerned With Pay, Work-Life Balance, Report Says "Career seen as personally meaningful and satisfying"
Young Leaders Concerned With Pay, Work-Life Balance, Report Says "Career seen as personally meaningful and satisfying"
Washington, DC—A skilled, committed, and diverse pool of next generation leaders would like to be nonprofit executive directors in the future, according to a new national survey of nearly 6,000 next generation leaders. However, the survey also finds that there are significant barriers: work-life balance, insufficient life-long earning potential, lack of mentorship and overwhelming fundraising responsibilities which may prevent many younger nonprofit staff from becoming executives.
The survey, Ready to Lead? Next Generation Leaders Speak Out, is the largest national survey to date of emerging nonprofit leaders and was produced by the Meyer Foundation in partnership with CompassPoint Nonprofit Services, The Annie E. Casey Foundation and Idealist.org. According to the Urban Institute, there are currently more than 850,000 registered public charities in the United States.
Salaries and actual or perceived insufficiency in earning potential are barriers to executive leadership (69% of respondents feel underpaid in their current positions and 64% have financial concerns about committing to a career in the nonprofit sector)
A higher percentage of respondents who definitely aspire to become executive directors are people of color
The nonprofit sector is viewed as desirable by people interested in social change
Most respondents working in the nonprofit sector feel that their work is meaningful and satisfying
Only one-third of those surveyed have aspirations of becoming executive directors
Of those who aspire to become executive directors, 40% reported that they are ready either now or within five years
Lack of mentorship and support from current executive directors in helping to pave a career path is a source of frustration (only 4% of nonprofit staff are explicitly being groomed to become their organization's leader. Women are being developed as leaders at a lower rate than men)
The report was distributed to members of Idealist.org, one of the nation's leading online nonprofit portals, and constituents of CompassPoint Nonprofit Services. Researchers also conducted six focus groups in four cities as part of the data collection for this report: San Francisco, California; Milpitas, California (Silicon Valley); Omaha, Nebraska; and Washington, DC.
The complete 28-page report can be downloaded at www.meyerfoundation.org or www.compasspoint.org.
Annie E. Casey Foundation
Idealist.org
Ready to Lead? Next Generation Leaders Speak Out


Explorer to trace flow of plastics down 10 rivers into seas. Increasing pestilence from man flowing into the seas, from diverse places … like 80% of plastic in the world's oceans arrives from just 10 rivers. Don't blame God, we must blame ourselves. We have to sleep in the bed we make, regardless of where we make that bed.
US health officials alarmed by paralyzing illness in kids.
Unprecedented floods hit Iran, up to 70 percent of annual rainfall average in just one day. Two videos. Perilous times. Extremely fearful sights in the videos. Why so much extreme flooding and destruction around the world in 'diverse places'? Going on at one time? Why now? Climate change? O.K., we'll go with that for now. God does use the natural world to get our attention.
Fighting 'Radical Islamic Terrorism' Begins with Saudi Arabia. The Mystery Religion connection between the 'False Prophet' and the 'Beast' of the Bible's book of Revelation. Next up, a future trip by the False Prophet to the Kingdom of the Beast (under the guise of fighting 'extremism' and 'inter-religious' dialogue). Prophecy coming true before our eyes in the time of the 'Fig Tree' bearing fruit.


Grey Goose is made by wheat and represents one of the best French Vodkas which is produced since 1997. Its taste is very smooth and you can use it while making any types of cocktails.
It's Canadian origin premium class Vodka with original bottle design. Crystal Head is new brand (produced since 2007). Many people connect its popularity to the bottle design but it tastes really nice and it is pure Vodka, free from additional flavors and any other substances.
Represents one of the best traditional Finnish Vodkas (since 1970) which is relatively cheap but really distinguished by its mild taste and you can find several flavored versions of it in the market.
It is one of the popular and awarded Russian Vodkas which is made by rye grain and wheat. Stolichnaya Elit represents brand sub-category which is utterly popular all over the world.
This is the famous and wide spread brand and has specific taste of flavors. We recommend you to consume it if you like Vodka with moderate taste.
One of the oldest Russian Vodka with reach traditions and numbers of variants (more than 60 types). The brand is deemed to satisfy the taste of wide range of consumers.
Greatest Polish Vodka with a lot of nice flavors. The specific taste comes from the unique water and technology of its producing.
It is being produced in the USA since 1992. It is very delicious and the most popular brand after Absolut Vodka, distinguished with the specific mild taste and special flavors.
French Vodka (since 2002), which gain the great popularity in US consumers. You can find it in almost every US clubs and alcohol markets.
The favorite alcohol beverage through Vodka's fans. It includes special flavor and taste of Russian traditions. If you like drinking Vodka, we recommend you to taste all of the products mentioned in top list and feel free to express your opinions about them on our web-site. Your opinions will help our visitors to select their favorite Vodka and in the nearest future the best brand from the top list will be revealed according to the estimations of our visitors.


text:
Meet Ann Sterling Silver Club Member
Sterling Silver Club
By: Tori DellaRocca
If Sterling Silver Club member Ann had an official motto, it would be, "I love to learn new things." Ann has been a Reno resident for about 25 years after making her way to the Silver State from Arizona and before that, her birth state of Indiana. All along the way, she's been growing, exploring and learning.
Meet Ann
From her days as a Girl Scout to her cherished roles as mother and grandmother and her time spent working for the federal government, Ann has enjoyed the adventures she's had, the people she's met and the learning opportunities that continue to be an important part of her life's journey.
"Learning never has to end," Ann says wisely.
Today, Ann lives a life full of learning — and giving. She is a member of the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute (OLLI) at UNR, which offers classes and events for people who are 50 and older. She has also been a foster grandparent for Seniors in Service and has tutored troubled teens at the Jan Evans Juvenile Detention Center and helped out at Title 1 schools.
Volunteer Extraordinaire
Her volunteer résumé continues with work for the Reno Police Department's SAVE program through Retired Senior Volunteer Program (RSVP) for Sanford Center for Aging and time spent with VISTA for AmeriCorps, helping victims of domestic violence and refugees. And with her recent appearance in Ky's Kab, a segment of Aging & Awesome — the popular 55+ show airing Saturdays at 7 p.m. on local CBS affiliate, KTVN Channel 2 — she's a bit of a celebrity to boot!
Through all of her experiences, Ann has learned something about herself and others. She looks forward to the new memories and friendships her latest membership to the Sterling Silver Club will bring.
"I love being a member of the Sterling Silver Club because it's another opportunity for me to grow, have fun, learn and socialize," she says.
And everyone at Renown is thrilled to help her do those things — and live a happy, healthy life. Please join us in welcoming Ann, one of our first members of the Sterling Silver Club. Today we have more than 2,800 members and we're happy to be featuring members and getting to know you all along the way!
Seeing a snake while exploring northern Nevada's trails is somewhat rare and the chance of a snakebite is even less common. However, it's important to make sure you're ready for snakes and know what to do in case of a snak
Pandemic Pals and Sterling Silver Club Members
A Friendship Gone Viral
When a friendship is strong enough, it can survive just about anything – even a pandemic! Sterling Silver Club members and longtime friends, Marlene and Kim, are living and thriving proof of that.
Meditation: Give Yourself the Gift of Inner Peace
Type 2 Diabetes: What You Should Know


Making macrame plant hangers from hemp is a great DIY project for the summer, and you can use your creations to give your loved ones over the festive season.
All you need is some hemp cord from Hemporium, a potted plant, a brass hoop and a pair of scissors.
Start by cutting eight long pieces of the hemp cord. You can choose exactly how long you'd like them to be, depending on how low you'd like your plant to hang.
Once you have your eight strands, loop them through the brass hoop, making sure they fold over at the mid-point. You will now have 16 pieces of cord hanging down from the hoop.
Next, you will secure the cord using a wrapped knot. You will need another piece of cord for this knot.
To make your wrapped knot, place the extra cord over your looped cords with the short tail to the left, a loop pointing down, and the long tail to the right. Wrap the long tail around the looped cords and the loop of the short cord. Continue wrapping the long tail, pulling tightly and leaving the bottom loop of the short cord uncovered. When you are happy with the length of your wrapped knot, thread the long tail through the loop at the bottom. Pull up on the short tail to tighten the knot and pull it underneath the wraps. Clip the tails as close to the knot as possible.
Next, you will need to create a row of square knots. Start by dividing your 16 long strands into four groups of four strands each. You will need to work two square knots over each of these four groups. To get them evenly spaced around the planter, use a measuring tape and measure the same distance from your wrapped knot along each group of cords and mark it with a pencil. Each group of four strands needs to be separated into the two outer cords that will be used to tie the knots and the two centre cords that the knots will be tied over.
Lay the left cord over the centre cords and under the cord to the right. Thread the right cord under the centre cords and up over the cord on the left. Pull to tighten, lining the knot up with your measuring mark. Repeat this process going the opposite direction: Lay the right cord over the center cords and under the cord to the right. Thread the left cord under the center cords and up over the cord on the right. Pull to tighten. Square knot formed. Repeat to create two square knots. Follow these steps to create two square knots over each four strand group at the same distance from the wrapped knot.
Next, you will make another row of square knots a bit below the first row. These knots will be made over new groups of four strands. You will take two cords each from adjacent groups of four – one centre cord and the right from one and one centre cord and the left from the other. Measure how far below the previous row of knots you want these next knots to be.
Next, tie two square knots at the measured mark over these new groups of four strands.
To finish off your DIY macrame plant hanger, you will need to tie all of the cords together with one final knot. Measure how far below your second row of knots you want your final knot to be. Loop all of the cords together and pull through to tighten and secure the knot. Trim cords to even out the ends.
All that's left to do now is insert your planter and hang it up. Take care to carefully sort your plants' branches between the groups of cords and make sure that the hook you hang your planter from is securely attached to the ceiling and able to handle the plant's weight.
For more ideas of how to use hemp around the home, visit www.hemporium.co.za.


Home Personal Finances Personal Loan Why Do People Take Out Large Personal Loans?
Why Do People Take Out Large Personal Loans?
The question of why people take out loans should be an easy to answer, to get money! However, there are many different reasons as to why people need money, and with the current financial situation placing pressure on many people, there is a lot to be said for looking at the reasons why people are turning to loan providers for assistance in dealing with their finances.
There is no getting away from the fact that people do need financial assistance from time to time, which is why loans can be of benefit. There are also many different ways to obtain loans these days. This can be seen with a recent study which was undertaken by a major supermarket company in the UK. The thing is though, this firm, like many of their peers and rivals, have diversified and they now provide banking and financial services. They are no longer just focused on providing milk and essential items to people, they want to provide as many options as possible, which in turn allows them to make as much money as they possibly can from people.
You can see why this sort of company would have an interest in finding out why people are looking to borrow money. If you know why people need money, you can provide a more tailored service to meet their needs, and this will be the underlying factor in why this company has carried out this style of survey.
As with any survey, study or research, it needs to be pointed out that there are parameters and limitations involved with the findings. In this case, people were only asked if they were taking out a loan of between £25,000 and £35,000. This is going to skew the findings. After all, the people who take out a small loan to pay for a holiday or to cover day to day running costs don't need this sort of money.
It means that the findings are going to be skewed towards major things in life. This isn't a bad thing and if someone is taking out a loan, it should be with an important issue in mind. Far too many people take out loans for frivolous matters and this is the sort of behaviour that causes bigger problems in the long run. It is important that people applying for loans need the money and have a clear plan of what they are going to do with their money.
Home improvements were cited as being the most popular reason for taking out a loan with 42% of respondents taking out a loan for this reason. The average amount of money borrowed for home improvements was £32,676.
The next most important reason for taking out a loan was debt consolidation and 20% of respondents said that this was they are seeking finance. The average amount of money borrowed for debt consolidation was £31,385.
Another reason for people taking out loans was where a customer takes out a new loan to pay off another one and move on to a better rate. This is a similar tactic to debt consolidation but is obviously slightly different. 17% of respondents stated this was the reason for taking out a loan and the average amount of money associated with this style of loan is £30,445.
There is a need for people to get behind the wheel, whether it is for business or pleasure, and 16% of respondents cited obtaining finance for a car or van as being the reason why they took out a loan. The average sums involved with this style of loan was £31,828.
There were also other reasons cited, with weddings being a common reason. A wedding is an expensive affair these days and the average sum of money borrowed in other circumstances came to £31,650.
No matter what style of loan you take out, it is important to weigh up your options and ensure that you need to borrow the money. Once this is certain in your mind, you should look to find the best APR that is available to you and make moves from there.


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Twenty years before San Jose Country Club was founded, the San Jose area was being developed as a residential neighborhood. The original portion of the present clubhouse was designed by Harold F. Saxelbye, prominent Jacksonville architect, and built in 1927 by O. P. Woodcock Company for the guests of the old San Jose Hotel, which was situated on a high bluff overlooking the St. Johns River, less than a half mile to the west of the club. The original 18-hole golf course was designed by noted golf course architect Donald Ross, and was completed about the same time. Later the hotel failed, but the golf course and clubhouse continued as a semi-private operation for many years prior to 1946. The old hotel is now part of Bolles School.In 1946, Stockton, Whatley and Davin Company acquired the club property from the duPont Estate. There was a keen awareness of the need for a modern country club to serve the families of the expanding area of South Jacksonville. Financing for the new club was obtained through the formation of the San Jose Investment Company, which issued 300 20-year, 3% bonds. These were promptly bought at $750 each. With the proceeds, the Investment Company acquired the club property from SWD and leased it to the country club organization for 20 years, with purchase options included in the lease agreement.
At the time of its organization in 1947, the Club's property consisted of the clubhouse, which at that time had a ballroom, small locker room, pro shop and a home type kitchen; approximately 135 acres of land and the golf course, badly in need of attention and improvements to bring it up to the standard desired by the members. The lease agreement called for the immediate expenditure of $150,000 for renovations and extensive additions to the clubhouse, such as the construction of the men's locker room and lounge, relocating and equipping the kitchen and general repairs to the existing building; the construction of swimming and wading pools, a bathhouse and a large scale reconditioning program of the golf course. Before mid-1949, these requirements had been met and the Club was ready to serve its Members. The Club's charter was approved on April 16, 1947, with 224 names on the roster.
The Club's membership growth was consistent from the beginning. By 1949 the membership had grown to 470 and by October 1962, the total had reached 785. At the end of 1978, the membership totaled 986. Of the original 224 members from October 1947, 57 were still members in 1979! In the course of the Club's steady progress, one of the more important steps was taken in 1951 when the Board of Governors, supported by the membership, exercised the purchase option contained in the lease and bought the Club for $250,000, assumeing the bond obligations of the Investment Company scheduled to be retired in 1967. The bonds were retired in 1964.
Major clubhouse improvement projects were completed in 1956, 1960 and 1965, and between those years many other smaller improvements were added both in and outside the clubhouse. The 1956 changes and additions included the construction of the beautiful and functional Terrace Room, a ladies' lounge and locker room, replacing the one located on the second floor of the building; a much larger and relocated pro shop and addition of air-conditioning to many areas of the building.
Other changes during the late 50s included the remodeling, enlargement and modernization of the kitchen facilities, clearing and grading the golf practice range, installation of new pumping and filtering equipment at the pool, and in 1958 the construction of two tennis courts. Tennis immediately drew a large following which necessitated the construction of two additional courts within a short time.
In 1960, the Club embarked on more renovations that produced the magnificent new ballroom and the remodeled, redecorated and refurnished dining room, Gourmet Room and lounge area. On the outside, the project included doubling the size of the paved parking space, additional outdoor lighting and general beautification of the clubhouse grounds. Another major clubhouse improvement project was begun in 1965 which increased the area of the building by approximately 40%. The program involved remodeling of the existing structure, plus additions that now contain the new ladies' locker room and lounge, pro shop, men's lounge, card room and a section of the new kitchen. In connection with this program, the San Jose Investment Company bonds were called, thereby liquidating this obligation three years ahead of schedule.
With the emergence of tennis as a major recreational sport in the mid 1970s, the tennis program was expanded. Three additional courts were built in 1973, followed in 1975 by a beautiful tennis pro shop and related facilities, and by two additional courts in 1978, which increased the total number of courts to nine.
A complete redecorating program was completed in the fall of 1975. Late that year, our newly refurbished Club was selected as the site for the dinner honoring President Gerald Ford and President Anwar Sadat of Egypt. San Jose Country Club received much public recognition and media coverage as a result of this event.
Included in the party, which made San Jose the "center of the world for a day", were Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Governor Rubin Askew, Mayor Hans Tanzler, and all of the wives of the major guests. Their hosts were San Jose Members Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Mason and, of course, accompanying all these guests were a multitude of Secret Service agents. This event is archived in San Jose history by the photo montage mounted in the main hallway of the Clubhouse.
In keeping with our Club's policy of a continuous updating of facilities, new cart paths on the golf course were built in 1977. This was followed by improvements to the swimming pool area in 1978. During that year the swimming pool was resurfaced with Hydrocote and the bathhouse was completely remodeled.
During the 1988-90 era, San Jose Country Club was extensively changed. Members invested $3.5 million for improvements which included a rebuilt golf course for $1.8 million and a brand new fitness center for $800,000. The swimming pool area was completely replaced with a state-of-the-art facility including a snack bar kitchen. The tennis area was beautifully enhanced. The clubhouse was refurbished with new carpeting and painting and new furniture and equipment.
From its formation, the Club had many members interested in yachting and related water sports and pastimes. The San Jose Yacht Club was formed and incorporated in 1966, patterned along the lines of the famous New York Athletic Club's Yacht Club. With "membership restricted to Members of San Jose Country Club", an additional social and geographic dimension to sports activities and membership in San Jose Country Club became a reality.
Among the achievements of the enthusiastic Yacht Club members who flew San Jose's "red-and-green" burgee has been the institution of the popular annual Oyster Roast, the adoption of the Club's official blue blazer and the gift of the present flag pole and official Country Club flag. The Yacht Club retired in 2015 and its members now meet in a "Fabulous Friday" program that features various speakers with networking and dinner.
From the beginning, the Club's founders intended San Jose to be a family social club with a good measure of sports activities included. Most of the seasonal programs have been planned with these aims in mind. The tremendous interest shown by all age groups in the many social attractions and sports activities at the club proves the farsightedness and wisdom of the leaders in planning it.
San Jose Country Club
7529 San Jose Boulevard • Jacksonville, FL 32217
© 2017 by San Jose Country Club


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Jacob Hopkins quotes in movies
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Clips with Jacob Hopkins
Middle School: The Worst Years... 01:45 We have a new student today Middle School: The Worst Years... 00:12 What are you staring at Middle School: The Worst Years... 00:35 So we have a new student today Middle School: The Worst Years... 00:04 What are you staring at crap a dukian Middle School: The Worst Years... 00:14 So we have a new transfer student today Middle School: The Worst Years... 00:04 What are you staring at Crap a dukian Middle School: The Worst Years... 00:11 Hey Kick a dorkian Middle School: The Worst Years... 00:13 Of course I can


A refrigerator is one of those appliances that usually last a very long time. They are always on and working and never get a rest, unlike other home appliances. Refrigerators are made to last but like that guy Murphy always said about laws, if something can go wrong, it will. Nothing lasts forever, but it is reassuring to know that you don't always have to call in appliance repair if you troubleshoot for certain minor problems that are common to all refrigerators, no matter what the brand.
There are a few minor problems that you might be able to take care of yourself without consulting an appliance repair specialist. These include: poor cooling, freezing problems and function stoppage. If the refrigerator isn't cooling or if it has stopped working entirely, before you panic, stop and ask yourself: Is the thermostat knob turned to the proper setting? If your self tells you no, just reset it.
If the refrigerator has completely stopped working, check to see if the light comes on and/or if there is any noise coming from the fan or motor. (Discount all party sounds coming from those strange people next door.) Be reassured that if there are any sounds at all emanating from the refrigerator that it hasn't completely stopped.
If the sound is a humming noise, it could be coming from the compressor, which is that case about the size of a football on the outside of the refrigerator at the back near the bottom. In this case, the trouble could be a problem with one or more of the components and it might be best to ask a specialist in appliance repair for help.
The good news is that you may be able to solve the problem of noise if the trouble is the fan on the condenser. It may be just an issue of lint or other debris that has built up on the fan blade. The fan can be found near the back of the machine and is often behind a thin panel.
Before attempting to clean it, make sure you unplug the refrigerator. Remove the panel and clean it by using a soft bristle brush. The bad news is that if there is no build up of debris, you will probably have to call in an appliance repair specialist and replace the motor.
If you are in need of an appliance repair specialist and you live in Manhattan, Bronx and Westchester County area, you are in luck. Appliance Doctor is there to help and their highly trained staff of technicians will make your refrigerator behave. You can reach them anytime at: 1-800-339-0353. If you prefer, you can also go to their website at: www.appliancedoctorx.com and check out their monthly television show at: www.appliancedoctortv.com.
This entry was posted in Appliance Repair NYC Westchester Bronx, The Appliance Doctor, Tips and Advice and tagged broken refrigeraotr, refrigerator lifespan, Refrigerator Repair, refrigerator repair service, refrigerator repairs. Bookmark the permalink.


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Q: How to change content of cell in GridView based on content of another cell? I have 2 TemplateField columns in a GridView. One column displays the name of a file (if it exists), the other column has a linkbutton to download the file shown in the first column.
However even if there no file in a specific row, it still contains a download link (it does not do anything when clicked).
I cannot figure out how I can hide the download link in rows which do not have a file.

                       <asp:GridView ID="gvData" runat="server"DataSourceID="mySqlDataSource2">
                          <Columns>
                            <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="File Name " SortExpression="FileName">
                                <EditItemTemplate>
                                    <asp:Label ID="Label12" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("FileName") %>'></asp:Label>
                                </EditItemTemplate>
                                <ItemTemplate>
                                    <asp:Label ID="Label6" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("FileName") %>'></asp:Label>
                                </ItemTemplate>
                                <HeaderStyle CssClass="gridHeader" ForeColor="#A1ADBB" />
                            </asp:TemplateField>

                            <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Download Config" ItemStyle-HorizontalAlign="Center">
                                <ItemTemplate>
                                    <asp:LinkButton ID="download" runat="server" CausesValidation="false"   OnClick="download_Click"
                                        CommandArgument="<% %>"
                                        CommandName="Download">
                                        <i aria-hidden="true"></i></asp:LinkButton>
                                </ItemTemplate>
                                <HeaderStyle CssClass="gridHeader" ForeColor="#A1ADBB" />
                                <ItemStyle HorizontalAlign="Center" />
                            </asp:TemplateField>
                          </Columns>
                        </asp:GridView>

                        <asp:SqlDataSource ID="mySqlDataSource2" runat="server" ConnectionString="<%$ connectionStrings:cs3 %>"
                    ProviderName="MySql.Data.MySqlClient" SelectCommand="#$$@#$^"
                    OnSelected="mySqlDataSource_Selected"></asp:SqlDataSource>

A: put this in the LinkButton
visible='<%# (Eval("FileName") != null && Eval("FileName") != "") ? true : false %>'