text:
Tag Archives: Rashida Jones
No Drums! No Drums! Jack Black Said No Drums!
The impetus behind my decision to pull this movie out of a RedBox was the nagging of the inner child I had thought I had killed years ago. That little bastard and I had a battle many years ago where I left him for dead, bleeding like a stuck Miss Piggy. It turns out he had been nursing his wounds, waiting for the right moment to shoot himself out of a cannon and back into my heart. When today's movie came out in theaters, I started getting threatening messages with letters cut out of magazines that never really amounted to anything. Today, when this movie came out on DVD, he knew this was his chance to strike. That really strange story aside, I rented today's movie from a RedBox and decided to give it a shot to live up to the love I had for this crew in my youth. Today's movie is The Muppets, written by Jim Henson, Jason Segel, and Nicholas Stoller, directed by James Bobin, and starring Jason Segel, Amy Adams, Chris Cooper, Rashida Jones, Jack Black, Alan Arkin, Emily Blunt, Zach Galifianakis, Donald Glover, Dave Grohl, Ken Jeong, Jim Parsons, Kristen Schaal, and Sarah Silverman, the voices of Peter Linz, Steve Whitmire, Eric Jacobson, Dave Goelz, Bill Barretta, David Rudman, Matt Vogel, Tyler Bunch, Alice Dinnean, and Jerry Nelson, and notable cameos by James Carville, Bill Cobbs, Feist, Whoopi Goldberg, Selena Gomez, Neil Patrick Harris, Judd Hirsch, John Krasinski, Rico Rodriguez, and Mickey Rooney.
Walter (Peter Linz) and Gary (Jason Segel) are brothers that live in a small town called … Smalltown. But Walter was born with a birth defect of sorts that makes him a Muppet. Because of this, Gary and Walter become big fans of the Muppet Show. When they grow up, Gary is preparing to go on vacation to LA with his girlfriend Mary (Amy Adams) and surprises Walter by taking him with them. While in LA, they visit the abandoned Muppet studio. Walter sneaks into the office of Kermit the Frog and finds out that Statler (Steve Whitmire) and Waldorf (Dave Goelz) are selling the theater to oil magnate Tex Richman (Chris Cooper), who intends to demolish it and drill for oil beneath the studio. Walter, Gary, and Mary manage to convince Kermit to get the band back together to raise $10 million to save the theater before it's too late.
My inner child must've fixed his hooks in pretty deeply, because I was still charmed by the Muppets. I realize that, beyond nostalgia, it doesn't hold a lot of appeal for adults, but kids should probably enjoy it. I base that mostly on the crap I've watched that kids are into today (I'm looking at you, Dora and Yo Gabba Gabba!). The Muppets are way better than the crap kids watch today, and I stand by that! I actually got goosebumps when watching the opening to The Muppet Show that I had not seen in ages. It's silly and ridiculous, but generally it's well aware of that fact. What's more important is that it's charming, and there are actually a couple of genuine laughs in the movie. I especially liked some of the 4th wall-breaking jokes, like when Kermit said he wasn't going to get the band back together and Mary said, "This is going to be a really short movie." I also liked when the Swedish Chef said, "Say hello to my little friend," before using a flamethrower on a mold-infested fridge, mainly because it came out as, "Herdy gerdy me Gerdy Fler!" If you want to nitpick (and you know I do), there are a couple of things in the story that didn't make sense to me. First, that Walter and Gary are so starstruck with the Muppets when Walter is, himself, a Muppet. Okay, you let that one go. The one that bothered me (and yes, I know, more than it should've) was the prospect of earning the money to save the theater. I know that every problem in Muppetland is solved with a show; that's not the problem. The problem is, while getting the band back together, they had to get Gonzo from the business he owns (the world's most successful plumbing parts business) and Miss Piggy from running Vogue Paris. They couldn't toss a couple of bucks towards saving the theater? They might not have wanted to supply all $10 million, but you could've given them at least half and let the people do the rest. The musical numbers were a little cheesy for my taste, but I didn't really expect much else. The one that Amy Adams does by herself is just sad. Not because of her voice, but because doing a musical number about trying to act happy that you're spending time by yourself while no one else is joining in is one of the most depressing things ever. I also found it very amusing that they had an all chicken rendition of Cee-lo Green's "Fuck You". That's an interesting choice for a Muppet movie, but I guess "Buck buck" is not that offensive, even if it's chicken for "Fuck you."
The performances of the people had to be hammed up because it's a kids movie, but no one really did bad. Amy Adams is super cute, Jason Segel comes off as a nice guy, and Jack Black just acts nuts. The performance of the Muppets is still a well honed art. By this time, you know these guys are experts at making felt look like it has emotions and personality, and I don't think enough credit goes to these guys for that skill. We just take it for granted. I've also notice that computer graphics (and probably green screens) have enabled them to do more things with the Muppets than they used to be able to, allowing them to do full body Muppet movements by having the puppeteer wear a green suit. That ability doesn't add a whole lot to them, but it's interesting. One of the most interesting things about this (and a lot of other Muppet movies) is the cameos. Though many of them only pop in for a second, or just for one line of dialogue, the cameos are really widespread and eclectic. Zach Galifianakis was funny in his part, and was actually around a bit longer than most. Jim Parsons (of the Big Bang Theory) plays Walter's imaginary human form, so people that watch that show might be interested in that. I was also super impressed with myself that I was one of the few people that would be able to recognize the singer Feist and Bill Cobbs even though most people couldn't recognize them given an entire day and their scenes combined added up to about 10 seconds. You can read the credits up above to have as comprehensive a list of the cameos as I could muster.
I kind of liked the Muppets movie. It's both not meant for me and completely meant for me. It's made for kids, which I am not, but it's also made for people who loved the Muppets when they were kids, which I am. Speaking to parents, I would say to try to get your kids into the Muppets instead of the crap that they watch now. Muppets are so much better than that shit they're watching now, and you can actually watch and enjoy the Muppets instead of watching with a morbid curiosity in the same way I watched Yo Gabba Gabba. Now that it's available from RedBox, I'd say you should give it a watch, especially if you loved the Muppets in your childhood or if you have kids and you don't want Dora to teach them Spanish. The Muppets gets "Kermit, you're my hero. You're on my watch" out of "We all agreed: celebrities aren't people."
Leave a comment Posted in Movie Reviews Tagged Alan Arkin, Alice Dinnean, Amy Adams, Bill Barretta, Bill Cobbs, Chris Cooper, Dave Goelz, Dave Grohl, David Rudman, Donald Glover, Emily Blunt, Eric Jacobson, Feist, Jack Black, James Bobin, James Carville, Jason Segel, Jerry Nelson, Jim Henson, Jim Parsons, John Krasinski, Judd Hirsch, Ken Jeong, Kristen Schaal, Matt Vogel, Mickey Rooney, movie review, Neil Patrick Harris, Nicholas Stoller, Peter Linz, Rashida Jones, Rico Rodriguez, Sarah Silverman, Selena Gomez, Steve Whitmire, The Muppets, Tyler Bunch, Whoopi Goldberg, Zach Galifianakis
Our Idiot Brother (2011)
I Won 'Most Cooperative Inmate', Four Months Running
Oh man. I'm on number three of three back to back rom-com reviews and I am feeling pretty exhausted. This is such hard work. OW! Finger cramp. It's not from the typing though. It's my time of the month. Well, at least I'm finishing off my reviews with the movie I expected to be the funniest and most enjoyable. I like the cast so much that I couldn't possibly not like it, right? Let's find out. This movie is Our Idiot Brother, written by David Schisgall, directed by Jesse Peretz, and starring Paul Rudd, Elizabeth Banks, Zooey Deschanel, Emily Mortimer, Steve Coogan, Rashida Jones, Adam Scott, Shirley Knight, Kathryn Hahn, T.J. Miller, Hugh Dancy, Sterling K. Brown, Janet Montgomery, Matthew Mindler, Bob Stephenson, and Katie Aselton.
Ned (Paul Rudd) is a farmer who lives with his girlfriend, Janet (Kathryn Hahn), and their dog, Willie Nelson … or at least he does until he sells weed to a uniformed police officer and goes to jail for a little while. He may not be too bright, or perhaps he's just a little too optimistic and trusting of others. When he gets out of jail, Janet has a new boyfriend, Billy (T.J. Miller), and refuses to give Ned his dog back. Billy tells Ned that, if he's able to get $1000 together, he will convince Janet to let Ned rent a goat house to live in. Ned goes to live with his mom (Shirley Knight) for a little while, and then starts doing odd jobs for his three sisters to get money, but he also kind of messes up their lives a little in the process. For his sister Liz (Emily Mortimer), he goes to help her husband Dylan (Steve Coogan) film his documentary about ballet dancers or some shit, but he ends up catching Dylan having sex with the ballerina. For Miranda (Elizabeth Banks), he drives her to an interview she has with her client, Lady Arabella (Janet Montgomery). Miranda gets very little information from Arabella, but Arabella confides some very personal details in Ned, who then lets them slip to Miranda. Ned also becomes involved in her relationship with Jeremy (Adam Scott), who wants to be more than just friends with her. For Natalie (Zooey Deschanel), he poses nude for her artist friend, Christian (Hugh Dancy), with whom she cheats on her girlfriend, Cindy (Rashida Jones), and gets knocked up. Ned just wants to hang out with his family, and get his dog back, but his sisters don't really want him around.
Did any of that sound like a comedy to you? Yeah, not really to me either. This movie is likeable in every way except for the fact that it's a comedy that is not funny. Any humor to this movie is like a dull hum that you may not even notice and probably won't laugh at. The most it got from me is a smile. It felt kind of like an artsy version of a comedy, but lead to me thinking it played more as a drama. Ned does a couple of stupid things throughout the movie that are mildly entertaining, but most of the movie is about the three sister's lives falling apart and choosing to blame Ned for it because he told people what was going on. Ned didn't make Liz's husband cheat on her, he just told Miranda about it. Ned didn't want stories told to him in confidence to get out just so his selfish sister could write a good story, nor did he make Jeremy and Miranda talk shit about the other person behind their back to him. Ned didn't make Natalie cheat on Cindy either. But he gets blamed for all of it. In a podcast called Doug Loves Movies, Doug Benson suggested that this movie should be called My Three Bitch Sisters because Ned isn't that stupid, he's just overly nice and his sisters are bitches.
The performances in this movie were fine as performances, but not that great as comedic performances. Paul Rudd was about the second funniest person in the movie, but didn't get a great amount of laughs out of me. T.J. Miller was the funniest person in the movie, but he was not in the movie very much. His interactions with Rudd were the occasions that made me chuckle a little. Rudd plays pretty mellow and uneventful for the whole movie and has only one occasion when he lashes out at his family because they're ruining a game of charades and he just wants to spend time with his family. Everyone else had good performances, but they just weren't funny. The four main girls, at least, were all very attractive. Elizabeth Banks didn't play a very likeable character, which bothered me because I think of her as a very likeable person from the other things I've seen her in. She's also much better looking as a blonde than as a brunette. I expected good comedy from Zooey Deschanel because I've seen a couple episodes of the New Girl, where she's very likeable and funny. But she didn't really bring any funny to this movie. She's even a sort of aspiring stand up comedian, but her sets are more uncomfortably unfunny, which it seems that they intended, but it would've been nice to get to laugh in this comedy. Emily Mortimer is probably the nicest sister, and probably gives the most emotional and comedic performance amongst the sisters, but her comedy is more about her being a little awkward. Rashida Jones comes close to funny, but I think I was bothered by her in this movie because they made her really lesbian and dressed almost like a guy, when she's very attractive in real life and they wasted it with lesbo-gear. Adam Scott didn't play a douche, as most of his performances I've seen him in are, but he also didn't contribute any funny. Are we seeing a pattern develop?
This movie is strangely well liked among critics, according to Rotten Tomatoes. I don't get it. It would be a good movie if anything about the movie claimed that it was a drama. It's mostly dramatic scenes with a few, sparse laughs. A drama can have a few laughs, and a comedy can have a few dramatic scenes, but a comedy can't have only a few comedic scenes. The performances were good, but not funny. You may like this movie if you go in expecting a light drama, but instead, I just say you don't really need to watch it. Our Idiot Brother gets "Nothing like two dudes and a dog making candles" out of "Such a cliche".
2 Comments Posted in Movie Reviews Tagged Adam Scott, Bob Stephenson, David Schisgall, Elizabeth Banks, Emily Mortimer, Hugh Dancy, Janet Montgomery, Jesse Peretz, Kathryn Hahn, Katie Aselton, Matthew Mindler, movie review, Our Idiot Brother, Paul Rudd, Rashida Jones, Shirley Knight, Sterling K. Brown, Steve Coogan, T.J. Miller, Zooey Deschanel
Parks and Recreation: Season One (2009)
Posted by Robert Bicket on November 11, 2011
I'll Give You Two More Seasons, But Then I'm Out
I just realized recently that I had only done one TV show review. And, since I just recently cancelled my cable TV service, I figured this was the best time to do another one. This TV was one I had heard a lot about and only finally decided to try watching because I found it on Netflix streaming and I just finished catching up on 30 Rock. So I decided to watch a very similar show, Parks and Recreation, starring Amy Poehler, Rashida Jones, Aziz Ansari, Nick Offerman, Aubrey Plaza, Paul Schneider, and Chris Pratt.
There's not a lot of summarizing to do here. The whole premise of season one is that Amy Poehler is the head of a Parks and Recreation committee and Rashida Jones is an angry resident of a neighborhood where there is an empty lot with a deep pit in the ground that her boyfriend, Chris Pratt, fell in and broke his legs. Poehler decides that they should build a park on that lot and the rest of season one is basically about that. In episode two, they go around asking people in the neighborhood if they want the park. Most say "no". In episode three, Poehler gets interviewed by a reporter about it. In episode three, Poehler gets in trouble because she was drinking with some guys from the office on the lot and underage Aubrey Plaza posted a video on the internet of her drinking. In episode five, Poehler goes to a banquet honoring her mother. And in the last episode, episode six, they go to a rock show of Chris Pratt's band after his leg casts come off. The park has not yet been built.
I went into this show really wanting to like it. I like Amy Poehler a lot from Upright Citizens Brigade, Baby Mama, and SNL. I like Aubrey Plaza from what little I know about her, mainly from Scott Pilgrim. A lot of people like Aziz Ansari. And a lot of people also like this show. But I just didn't find myself liking this show that much, at least not from the first season. I'm still giving it a shot with season two because sometimes it takes shows a little while to become awesome, but I'm not talking about later seasons yet since I haven't watched them. But this show seems to be a lot like a midway point between the Office and 30 Rock, two shows that I really like. 30 Rock had a bit of a shaky start, but I'm pretty sure I was into it by episode 2 or 3. The Office also had a longer shaky start, mainly because they were so concerned with staying a lot around the British version until they decided to make the show their own. But this show shares the same style as the Office of having it be like a documentary film crew is watching the people of this building and they have a boss that means well but is kind of stupid and doesn't have very good people skills. Liz Lemon from 30 Rock is smarter than the other two bosses, but definitely has people problems. I think what this one lacks is the strong supporting cast that the Office and 30 Rock has, or at least the storylines to allow them to shine. The Office has Pam, Jim, and Dwight to back up Michael Scott. 30 Rock has Jack, Jenna, Tracy, Kenneth, Frank, Toofer, and Cerie in Liz's corner. Parks mainly focuses on Poehler and Rashida Jones.
Sadly, I didn't laugh at all in these six episodes. I wanted to like it so bad and it bummed me out that nothing did anything for me here. I like Amy Poehler and Rashida Jones so much but there weren't any good jokes in season one. Rashida's boyfriend in this, Chris Pratt, was a pretty typical douchey boyfriend, just like Pam's boyfriend in the Office. I have never really liked Aziz Ansari either. The persona he takes in the movies and TV shows I've seen him in just annoys me. And, since I've never seen him in a different role, I'll stick to that. Aubrey Plaza didn't have much of a part in the show yet, so not much to say there. Nick Offerman was an entertaining character that will hopefully get better as time goes on.
I don't have very much to say about this show and that bums me out. I wanted to like it so much but I didn't find it funny and nothing really impressed me yet. Again, that may just be something they'll overcome as time goes on, so we'll see about that when I finish season two. I just think it reminds me too much of two shows I like much more and that may have hurt this show. But I feel like it does have potential, so I'm still watching. So, I'll give this show "I had hoped for more" out of "I may need more practice reviewing TV shows".
Leave a comment Posted in Television Reviews Tagged Amy Poehler, Aubrey Plaza, Aziz Ansari, Chris Pratt, Nick Offerman, Parks and Recreation, Paul Schneider, Rashida Jones, television review


At yesterday's Convocation ceremony, University of Virginia dean of admissions John "Jack" Blackburn received the Thomas Jefferson Award for his 29 years of service to the university. In his remarks honoring Blackburn, UVA president John Casteen highlighted Blackburn's commitment to making UVA more diverse as his ultimate legacy. "By making disadvantaged students aware of the AccessUVA program," said Casteen, "he has enabled hundreds of young men and women to study here despite their limited financial means." Blackburn is currently battling cancer and will retire his post in June 2009.


Come and enjoy great stand-up comedy in English in a cosy setting great for meeting other expats and internationally-minded social Dutch natives! Who knows what'll happen! Awesome shows this season at the lovely Branoul Theatre located in central Hague. Two showtimes to choose from at 19,00 and 21,00!
So bring your partner, colleagues, friends and tinder date(s) for a great evening of laughs! Each show has 2 headliner pro acts, an MC, and sometimes surprise support acts.
One of Ireland's busiest comedians Ian is a regular on the world comedy circuit having played to packed houses at the Edinburgh, Melbourne, Montreal Just for Laughs, Galway, Electric Picnic, Glasgow, Dublin, Adelaide and Wellington comedy festivals. A regular on all the major stages in Ireland and the UK, Ian has also appeared as a support act for Ardal O'Hanlon on his UK tour and Pat Shortt on his Irish tour, including 7 sell out weeks in Dublin's Vicar Street. Ian has also appeared on The Panel Live tour. A noted improviser, Ian is a co-founder of The Dublin Comedy Improv Protected content , where he still performs every Monday night in Dublin's International Bar, which is Ireland's second-longest running comedy club.
Australian comedian Daniel Muggleton's blunt and honest stand-up is a breath of fresh air for audiences. Despite sold-out shows at festivals worldwide, being the first Australian to be produced by Grammy-award winning US label Comedy Dynamics and a couple of appearances on TV (The Feed, The Checkout) – he still breathes through his mouth. 'His observations stay just this side of affectionate' (BroadwayBaby.com). 'A show of nonstop of laughs' (ThePlusOnes.com).
Mingle and pre-show drinks in adjacent Speaker Corner venue via theatre foyer. It's a lovely cozy bar and restaurant. Entry to the theatre is at 18.45 and 20.55.
If you would like to eat before the show, please call Speaker Corner to reserve a table. We suggest arriving by 18.00 or 19.30 latest to get your food in before either show.


Xiaomi Mi 9, the next flagship smartphone of the Chinese manufacturer, has been spotted in a series of new renderings that show an almost completely bezel-less approach and a particularly small waterdrop notch.
As mentioned, these new renderings show a smartphone almost completely devoid of frames, the space occupied by the edges on the four sides seems really reduced to a minimum, without exceptions even for the lower one (the chin) usually more pronounced. If Xiaomi Mi 9 were really like that, even the small waterdrop notch would be of minimal size, resulting in a particularly high screen-to-body ratio.
According to previous rumors , Xiaomi Mi 9 should be equipped with a 6.4-inch FullHD+ AMOLED display with a 19:9 aspect ratio. On the back you will see a main 48 megapixel camera with IMX586 sensor, probably accompanied by a 12-megapixel secondary sensor and an additional 3D sensor type ToF (Time of Flight).
Speaking about the rear side, the new Xiaomi Mi 9 renderings does not show the classic fingerprint reader and therefore in line with previous leaks, the phone should have an integrated sensor below the display.
Under the shell the new flagship of Xiaomi will rely on the new Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 chipset at 7 nm, but it has already been confirmed that it will have the X24 LTE modem and not the X50 LTE.
Xiaomi Mi 9 should arrive in versions up to 10 GB of RAM and 512 GB of internal memory alongside with a 3.500 mAh battery with support for fast charging at 32 W, but without support for wireless charging.


Aromatruth Benzoin Oil is extracted directly from the styrax benzoin tree to provide an intense, theraputic oil for aromatherapy and massage use. Known benefits of benzoin include the calming of eczema and psoriasis symptoms, and the reduction of marks and blemishes on the skin. This oil smells great too. Vial size 10ml supplied.


text:
The core of PKI is digital certificate lifecycle management, including applying for, issuing, and using the digital certificates. During the lifecycle, PKI uses the symmetric key cryptographic, public key cryptographic, digital envelope, and digital signature. Figure 26-18 shows the evolution of these technologies. Users A and B communicate through the Internet, and user C is the attacker who targets the communication data between users A and B.
Figure 26-18 Technology evolution
The concepts mentioned in the figure will be described in later sections.
Cryptography is the basis for secure information transmission on networks. Cryptography is to convert plaintext (to be hidden) into ciphertext (unreadable data) using mathematics.
Symmetric Key Cryptography
Symmetric key cryptography, which is also called shared key cryptography, uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt data.
Figure 26-19 shows the symmetric key encryption and decryption process.
Figure 26-19 Symmetric key encryption and decryption process
Users A and B have negotiated the symmetric key. The encryption and decryption process is as follows:
User A uses the symmetric key to encrypt data and sends the encrypted data to user B.
User B decrypts the data using the symmetric key and gets the original data.
Symmetric key cryptography features high efficiency, simple algorithm, and low cost. It is suitable for encrypting a large amount of data. However, it is difficult to implement because the two parties must exchange their keys securely before communication. Besides, it is difficult to expand because each pair of communicating parties needs to negotiate keys, and n users needs to negotiate n*(n-1)/2 different keys.
The algorithms commonly used in symmetric key cryptography include Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES), and Advance Encrypt Standard (AES).
Public key cryptography, which is also called asymmetric key cryptography, uses different keys (public and private) for data encryption and decryption. The public key is open to public, and the private key is possessed by only the owner.
Public key cryptography prevents the security risks in the distribution and management of a symmetric key. In an asymmetric key pair, the public key is used to encrypt data and the private key is used to decrypt data. The two parties do not need to exchange keys before a secure communication session. The sender uses the public key of the receiver to encrypt the data, and the receiver uses its own private key to decrypt data. The receiver's private key is only known by the receiver, so the data is secure.
Figure 26-20 shows the public key encryption and decryption process.
Figure 26-20 Public key encryption and decryption process
Assume that user A has the public key of user B. The encryption and decryption process is as follows:
User A uses the public key of user B to encrypt data and sends the encrypted data to user B.
User B decrypts the data using its own private key and gets the original data.
Attackers cannot use one key in a key pair to figure out the other key. The data encrypted by a public key can only be decrypted by the private key of the same user. However, the public key cryptography requires a long time to encrypt a large amount of data, and the encrypted data is too long, consuming much bandwidth.
Public key cryptography is suitable for encrypting sensitive information such as keys and identities to provide higher security.
The algorithms commonly used in public key cryptography include Diffie-Hellman (DH), Ron Rivest, Adi Shamirh, LenAdleman (RSA), and Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA).
Digital Envelope and Digital Signature
Digital Envelope
A digital envelope contains the symmetric key encrypted using the peer's public key. When receiving a digital envelope, the receiver uses its own private key to decrypt the digital envelope and obtains the symmetric key.
Figure 26-21 shows the encryption and decryption process for a digital envelope.
Figure 26-21 Digital envelope encryption and decryption process
User A uses a symmetric key to encrypt data.
User A uses the public key of user B to encrypt the symmetric key and generate a digital envelope.
User A sends the digital envelope and encrypted data to user B.
User B uses its own private key to decrypt the digital envelope and obtains the symmetric key.
User B uses the symmetric key to decrypt the data and obtains the original data.
The digital envelope has the advantages of both symmetric key cryptography and public key cryptography. It speeds up key distribution and encryption and improves key security, extensibility, as well as efficiency.
However, the digital envelope still has a vulnerability. The attacker may obtain information from user A, use its own symmetric key to encrypt the forged information, use the public key of user B to encrypt its own symmetric key, and send the information to user B. After receiving the information, user B decrypts it and considers that the information is sent from user A. To address this problem, the digital signature is used to ensure that the received information was sent from the correct sender.
Digital signature is generated by the sender by encrypting the digital fingerprint using its own private key. The receiver uses the sender's public key to decrypt the digital signature and obtain the digital fingerprint.
A digital fingerprint, which is also called information digest, is generated by the sender using the hash algorithm on plaintext information. The sender sends both digital fingerprint and plaintext to the receiver, and the receiver uses the same hash algorithm to calculate the digital fingerprint on the plaintext. If the two fingerprints are the same, the receiver knows that the information has not been tampered with.
Figure 26-22 shows the encryption and decryption process for a digital signature.
Figure 26-22 Digital signature encryption and decryption process
User A uses the public key of user B to encrypt data.
User A performs hash on the plaintext and generates a digital fingerprint.
User A uses its own private key to encrypt the digital fingerprint, generating the digital signature.
User A sends both the ciphertext and digital signature to user B.
User B uses the public key of user A to decrypt the digital signature, obtaining the digital fingerprint.
After receiving the ciphertext from user A, user B uses its own private key to decrypt the information, obtaining the plaintext information.
User B performs hash on the plaintext and generates a digital fingerprint.
User B compares the generated fingerprint with the received one. If the two fingerprints are the same, user B accepts the plaintext; otherwise, user B discards it.
The digital signature proves that information is not tampered with and verifies the sender's identity. The digital signature and digital envelope can be used together.
However, the digital signature still has a vulnerability. If the attacker modifies the public key of user B, then user A obtains the attacker's public key. The attacker can obtain information from user B to user A, sign the forged information using its own private key, and send the forged information encrypted using user A's public key to user A. After receiving the encrypted information, user A decrypts the information and verifies that the information has not been tampered with. In addition, user A considers that the information was sent by user B. The digital certificate can fix this vulnerability. It ensures that one public key is possessed by only one owner.
A digital certificate, or certificate, which is signed by the trusted certificate authority (CA) using digital signature, includes the certificate owner's public key and identity information.
The digital certificate is similar to the passport or identity card. People are requested to show their passports when entering foreign countries. The digital certificate shows the identity of a device or user that requests to access a network.
It ensures that one public key is possessed by only one owner.
Digital Certificate Structure
An X.509 v3 digital certificate contains mandatory information such as public key, name, and digital signature of the CA, and optional information such as validity period of the key, issuer (CA) name, and serial number. Figure 26-23 shows the typical structure of a digital certificate.
Figure 26-23 Digital certificate structure diagram
Meaning of each field in the digital certificate:
Version: version of X.509. Generally, the v3 (0x2) is used.
Serial Number: a positive and unique integer assigned by the issuer to the certificate. Each certificate is uniquely identified by the issuer name and the serial number.
Signature Algorithm ID: signature algorithm used by the issuer to sign the certificate.
Issuer: name of the device that has issued a certificate. It must be the same as the subject name in the digital certificate. Generally, the issuer name is the CA server's name.
Validity: time interval during which a digital certificate is valid, including the start and end dates. The expired certificates are invalid.
Subject: name of the entity that possesses a digital certificate. In a self-signed certificate, the issuer name is the same as the subject name.
Subject Public Key Info: public key and the algorithm with which the key is generated.
Extensions: a sequence of optional fields such as key usage and CRL distributing address.
Signature: signature signed on a digital certificate by the issuer using the private key.
Digital Certificate Types
There are four types of certificates, as described in Table 26-14.
Table 26-14 Certificate types
Self-signed certificate
A self-signed certificate, which is also called root certificate, is issued by an entity to itself. In this certificate, the issuer name and subject name are the same.
If an applicant fails to apply for a local certificate from the CA, it can generate a self-signed certificate. The self-signed certificate issuing process is simple.
Huawei devices do not support lifecycle management (such as certificate renewal and revocation) for self-signed certificates.
CA certificate
CA's own certificate. If a PKI system does not have a hierarchical CA structure, the CA certificate is the self-signed certificate. If a PKI system has a hierarchical CA structure, the top CA is the root CA, which owns a self-signed certificate.
An applicant trusts a CA by verifying its digital signature. Any applicant can obtain the CA's certificate (including the public key) to verify the local certificate issued by the CA.
Local certificate
A certificate issued by a CA to the applicant.
Local device certificate
A certificate issued by a device to itself according to the certificate issued by the CA. The issuer name in the certificate is the CA server's name.
If an applicant fails to apply for a local certificate from the CA, it can generate a local device certificate. The local device certificate issuing process is simple.
Certificate Formats
Three certificate formats are supported, as described in Table 26-15.
Table 26-15 Certificate formats
PKCS#12
Saves certificate files in binary format, including or excluding the private key. The commonly used file name extensions include .P12 and .PFX.
If the file name extension of a certificate is .CER or .CRT, use the Notepad to open this certificate and check the certificate content to differentiate the certificate format.
If the certificate starts with "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----" and ends with "-----END CERTIFICATE-----", the certificate format is PEM.
If the certificate content is displayed as garbled characters, the certificate format is DER.
Saves certificate files in binary format, excluding the private key. The commonly used file name extensions include .DER, .CER, and .CRT.
Saves certificate files in ASCII format, including or excluding the private key. The commonly used file name extensions include .PEM, .CER, and .CRT.
As shown in Figure 26-24, a PKI system consists of the end entity, certificate authority (CA), registration authority (RA), and certificate/certificate revocation list (CRL) storage database.
Figure 26-24 PKI system structure
End entity
An end entity, or PKI entity, is the end user of PKI products or services. It can be an individual, an organization, a device (for example, a router or firewall), or process running on a computer.
Certificate Authority (CA)
The CA is the trusted entity that issues and manages digital certificates. The CA is an authoritative, trustable, and fair third-party organization. Generally, a CA is a server, for example, a server running Windows Server 2008.
Figure 26-25 shows a hierarchical CA. The CA on the top of the hierarchy is the root CA and the others are subordinate CAs.
The root CA is the first CA (trustpoint) in the PKI system. It issues certificates to subordinate CAs, computers, users, and services. In most certificate-based applications, the root CA can be traced through the certificate chain. The root CA holds a self-signed certificate.
A subordinate CA can only obtain a certificate from its upper-level CA. The upper-level CA can be the root CA or another subordinate CA authorized by the root CA to issue certificates. The upper-level CA is responsible issuing and managing certificates of lower-level CAs, and the CAs at the bottom issue certificates to end entities. For example, CA 2 and CA 3 are subordinate CAs, holding the certificates issued by CA 1, and CA 4, CA 5, as well as CA 6 are also subordinate CAs, holding the certificates issued by CA 2.
When a PKI entity trusts a CA, the trust is derived along the certificate chain. A certificate chain is a set of certificates from the end entity to the root certificate. When a PKI entity in communication receives a certificate to be authenticated, the PKI entity verifies each issuer along the certificate chain.
Figure 26-25 Hierarchical CA diagram
Certificate management is the major function of CAs, including issuing, renewing, revoking, querying, and archiving certificates as well as distributing the Certificate Revocation List (CRL).
Registration Authority (RA)
An RA enrolls and approves digital certificates. It is a proxy for the CA and provides extended applications of certificate issuing and management. The RA processes the certification enrollment and revocation requests from users, verifies user identities, and decides whether to submit certificate issuing or revocation requests to the CA.
The RA may be part of the CA server, or independent of CA to share workload of CA and enhance CA system security.
Certificate/CRL database
A certificate may need to be revoked for the reasons such as entity name changing, private key leaking, or service interruption. Revoking a certificate is to unbind the public key from the PKI entity identity information. The PKI system uses a CRL to revoke certificates.
After a certificate is revoked, the CA issues a CRL to declare that the certificate is invalid and lists the serial numbers of revoked certificates. The CRL provides a method to verify certificate validity.
The certificate/CRL database stores and manages information about certificates and CRLs and allows information query. The certificate/CRL database can be built using a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server, or database.
PKI manages the entire lifecycle of local certificates, including application, issue, storage, download, installation, authentication, renewal, and revocation.
Certificate Application
Certificate application is certificate enrollment. It is a process in which an entity registers with a CA and obtains a certificate from the CA. Generally, a PKI entity generates a pair of public and private keys. The public key and entity's identity information (included in certificate enrollment request) are sent to the CA to generate a local certificate. The private key is stored by the PKI entity to perform digital signature and decrypt the ciphertext sent from the peer.
A PKI entity can use either of the following methods to apply for a local certificate from CA:
The PKI entity sends certificate enrollment requests to the CA by using the Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP).
Offline (PKCS#10)
The PKI entity prints the local certificate enrollment request in PKCS#10 format and saves it as a file. Then the user transfers the file to the CA server in out-of-band mode (web, disk, or email).
In addition, a PKI entity can issue a self-signed or local certificate to itself.
Certificate Issue
If an RA is available, the RA verifies the PKI entity's identity information when the PKI entity applies for a local certificate from CA. After the PKI entity passes verification, the RA sends the request to CA. The CA generates a local certificate based on the public key and identity information of the PKI entity, and then returns the local certificate information to the RA. If no RA is available, the CA verifies the PKI entity.
Certificate Storage
After the CA generates a local certificate, the CA or RA distributes the certificate to the certificate/CRL database. Users can download or browse directory of the certificates in the database.
Certificate Downloading
A PKI entity can download a local certificate, a CA/RA certificate, or a local certificate of another PKI entity from the CA server using SCEP, HTTP, or out-of-band mode.
Certificate Installation
A downloaded certificate (a local certificate, CA/RA certificate, or certificate of another PKI entity) must be installed on the device, that is, imported to the device memory; otherwise, the certificate does not take effect.
Certificate Authentication
Before a PKI entity uses a certificate obtained from the peer, for example, for the purposes of setting up a security tunnel or connection, the PKI entity authenticates the certificate and CA (whether the certificate is valid and issued by the expected CA). If the certificate is invalid, the PKI considers all certificates issued by this CA invalid. This seldom occurs because a device renews the CA certificate before expiration in normal situations.
The PKI entity uses CRL or Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) to authenticate certificates. In CRL mode, the PKI entity searches for the certificate in the CRL stored in local memory. If the certificate is included in the CRL, it indicates that the certificate has been revoked. If no CRL is available in local memory, a CRL needs to be downloaded and installed. In OCSP mode, the PKI entity sends a certificate status query message to the OCSP server, and the OCSP server returns the certificate state, including valid (not revoked), expired (revoked), and unknown (OCSP server cannot find the certificate status).
Certificate Renewal
When a certificate expires or the private key is leaked, the PKI entity must replace the certificate. The PKI entity can apply for a new certificate or use SCEP to renew the existing certificate.
When a certificate is about to expire, the device applies for a shadow certificate. When the certificate expires, the shadow certificate becomes active.
The shadow certificate application process is the enrollment process for the new certificate.
Certificate Revocation
When the user identity, user information, or public key is modified or user service needs to be interrupted, a certificate revocation is required. Certificate revocation unbinds a public key from the PKI entity's identity information. The CA uses CRL or OCSPto revoke certificates for PKI entities, whereas a PKI entity revokes its own certificate in out-of-band mode.
On a PKI network, a PKI entity applies for a local certificate from the CA and the applicant device authenticates the certificate. Figure 26-26 shows the PKI working process.
Figure 26-26 PKI working process
A PKI entity applies for a CA certificate (CA server's certificate) from the CA.
When receiving the application request, the CA sends its own certificate to the PKI entity.
The PKI entity installs the CA certificate.
If the PKI entity uses SCEP for certificate application, it computes a digital fingerprint by using the hash algorithm on the received CA certificate, and compares the computed fingerprint with that pre-defined for the CA server. If the fingerprints are the same, the PKI accepts the CA certificate; otherwise, it discards the CA certificate.
The PKI entity sends a certificate enrollment message (including the public key carried in the configured key pair and PKI entity information) to the CA.
If the PKI entity uses SCEP for certificate application, it encrypts the enrollment message using the CA certificate's public key and signs the message using its own private key. If the CA server requires a challenge password, the enrollment message must contain a challenge password, which must be the same as the CA's challenge password.
The CA receives the enrollment message from the PKI entity.
If the PKI entity uses SCEP to apply for a local certificate, the CA uses its own private key to decrypt the enrollment message and the PKI entity's public key to decrypt the digital signature, and verifies the digital fingerprint. When the fingerprints are the same, the CA verifies the PKI entity's identity information. When the PKI entity's identity information passes verification, the CA accepts the application and issues a local certificate to the PKI entity. The CA uses the PKI entity's public key to encrypt the certificate and its own private key to digitally sign the certificate, and sends the certificate to the PKI entity. At the same time, the CA also sends the certificate to the certificate/CRL database.
The PKI entity receives the certificate from CA.
If the PKI entity has applied for a local certificate using SCEP, the PKI entity uses its own private key to decrypt the certificate and the CA's public key to decrypt the digital signature, and verifies the digital fingerprint. If the digital fingerprint is the same as its local one, the PKI entity accepts and installs the local certificate.
The PKI entities in a communication session need to obtain and install each other's local certificates. The PKI entities can download the peer's local certificates through HTTP. In special scenarios, such as IPSec application, the PKI entities actively send their local certificates to the peer.
After the peer's local certificate is installed on the local end, the local end uses CRL or OCSP to check whether the peer certificate is valid.
The PKI entities use the public keys in peer certificates for secure communication only after they confirm that the peer certificates are valid.
If an RA is available in a PKI system, the PKI entities also need to download the RA's certificate. The RA verifies the local certificate enrollment messages from PKI entities, and forwards the messages to the CA after verifications are passed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Årsta Havsbad – miejscowość (tätort) w Szwecji, w regionie administracyjnym (län) Sztokholm, w gminie Haninge.

Według danych Szwedzkiego Urzędu Statystycznego liczba ludności wyniosła: 389 (31 grudnia 2015), 475 (31 grudnia 2018) i 508 (31 grudnia 2019).

Przypisy

Miejscowości w gminie Haninge

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


With Gears of War 4 hitting releasing later this year, the upcoming third-person shooter will surely be one of the topics of conversation during San Diego Comic-Con this month. The panel's description has promised attendees with a behind-the-scenes look at Gears of War 4 as well as "special announcements and surprises."
Fans of Overwatch don't have too wait too long until they can get a look at the new character to join the roster. The hero will be unveiled at Blizzard Entertainment's Comic-Con 2016 panel at the absolute latest.


text:
School Districts, Governors Can Use Free...
School Districts, Governors Can Use Free Meals to Mitigate Hardship
| By Zoë Neuberger
School districts can offer school meals in low-income communities at no charge to families under the federal community eligibility provision, but they must opt in by August 31. Adopting this simple four-year option would help mitigate not just the short-term effects of COVID-19 and the deep recession but also some of the future effects that may arise with a potentially lagging recovery. That will be especially important for low-income children as well as Black, Latino, Indigenous, and immigrant households, which face disproportionate hardship as the crisis exacerbates harsh educational, employment, housing, and health care inequities.
Community eligibility is simple to administer when school districts have the right data, which governors and education leaders can provide, and it would let schools focus on other areas in which the pandemic has brought considerable complexity. Under the provision, high-poverty schools, groups of schools, or entire districts provide breakfast and lunch at no cost to all students, eliminating the need to process school meal applications. Eligibility for the program and meal reimbursements depend on the share of "identified students" — those automatically enrolled for free school meals because another program like SNAP or foster care identified them as eligible. At least 40 percent of students must fall into one of these categories for schools or districts to qualify.
Usually school districts must rely on data from April 1, but this year they may rely on data from any time between April 1 and June 30. State education and human services officials can conduct the data matching necessary to count all children who were identified students during that time period.
SNAP caseloads rose substantially as the program responded to recession-driven income losses, so more schools now qualify for community eligibility. And more of those that already qualified but hadn't adopted it will find the option financially viable because their reimbursement rates will be higher. By May, 6 to 7 million more people (17 percent more) were approved for SNAP than in February, based on data available from 43 states. If all age groups grew at the same rate, that would translate into nearly 2 million more school-aged children in SNAP. States' caseload increases vary substantially, with boosts of at least 20 percent in Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, and Ohio.
Under community eligibility's reimbursement formula, a 17 percent rise in the share of identified students would boost the share of meals reimbursed at the highest (or "free") rate by 17 percent through the four-year community eligibility cycle. For example, a school where previously half of the students were identified students, with 4 out of 5 meals reimbursed at the free rate, would see that rate rise to more than 9 in 10 meals reimbursed at the free rate. While many school districts can offer community eligibility with a lower share of meals reimbursed at the free rate, they must make up for forgone meal fees with administrative savings and economies of scale. The higher the share of meals reimbursed at the free rate, the more easily they can do that.
With all that school districts are confronting, a new option to consider might seem daunting. But one reason that more than 28,600 schools and nearly 4,700 school districts of all kinds already operate under community eligibility is that it makes running the school meal programs simpler. Plus, helpful resources are available to help school districts. The Food Research & Action Center, for example, has an online tool to help school districts determine how to group schools to maximize federal reimbursements.
For the 2020-2021 school year, community eligibility can make it easier for schools to offer grab-and-go meals for students who are doing distance learning full or part time. And if Congress extends the Pandemic EBT program, which provides grocery benefits to families to replace school meals when school buildings are closed, community eligibility makes it easier to identify which students qualify. Longer term, community eligibility reduces paperwork and the stigma sometimes associated with eating free or reduced-price school meals.
Community eligibility is associated with a range of positive outcomes for students, including better academic performance, fewer student suspensions, and healthier body mass indexes, a growing body of research shows. With all the hard decisions facing state and local education officials as they try to best serve students during this pandemic, an easy one is to adopt community eligibility for all qualifying schools where it's financially viable.
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
Interactive: Benefits of Community Eligibility
Tracking the COVID-19 Economy's Effects on Food, Housing, and Employment Hardships
States Are Using Much-Needed Temporary Flexibility in SNAP to Respond to COVID-19 Challenges
Boosting SNAP: Needed to Reduce Hardship, Long-Term Effects on Children
PreviousMissouri, Oklahoma Should Quickly Implement Medicaid Expansion Amid COVID-19
NextPeople Who Seek Disability Benefits Face Health, Economic Challenges


text:
Johan Christian August Bock (født 15. september 1813 i Aalborg, død 19. marts 1879 i København) var en dansk læge og fabrikant.

Karriere
Bock var en søn af vinhandler Johan Nicolai Bock og Ane Christine f. Asp, blev født i Aalborg og dimitteret fra den derværende skole 1832. Efter først at have studeret teologi og været huslærer tog han lægeeksamen 1843, fik det følgende år Universitetets guldmedalje for en zootomisk afhandling og rejste derefter til udlandet, hvor han navnlig studerede i Berlin, var amanuensis hos den berømte kirurg Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach og særlig lagde sig efter ortopædi. Ved sin tilbagekomst oprettede han 1847 en ortopædisk anstalt i København og publicerede flere afhandlinger på sin specialitets område. 1850 fik han professortitlen, 1854 blev han hofmedikus og 1862 rejselivlæge hos Frederik VII, hvis særlige yndest han havde vundet. Samme år fik han etatsrådstitlen. Han var 1848 blevet Ridder af Dannebrog og blev 1875 Dannebrogsmand. Som nøje knyttet til Frederik VII og grevinde Danner var han fra 1874 medbestyrer af de af denne oprettede stiftelser i København og Jægerspris. Han døde 19. marts 1879. Hans hustru var Petrine Vilhelmine f. Petersen, datter af skibskaptajn Jesper P.

Fabrikant
Hvad J.C.A. Bocks industrielle virksomhed angår, indtrådte han 1853 i firmaet O.F. Asp, der indtil da bestod af fabrikant Olfert Fischer Asp (1803-1865) og grosserer Christen Asp Bock (1818-1885); det drev en af det anlagt kamfin- og sæbefabrik på Christianshavn. Da grosserer Boch i 1853 erhvervede papirfabrikken Klippan i Skåne, indtrådte hans ældre broder efter ham i firmaet, som derpå i 1856 anlagde en stearinfabrik og begyndte en betydelig petroleumsforretning. Asp døde i 1865, og Bock, der efter Frederik VII's død opgav sin lægevirksomhed, kastede sig nu med iver over at trænge til bunds i stearinfabrikationen. Han fandt også efter lange og kostbare forsøg en metode, hvorved han praktisk kunne fremstille stearin af talg ved hjælp af svovlsyre (patenter af 24. december 1867 og 25. juni 1869). Han baserede nu sin fabrik på denne metode og forsøgte ihærdig på at få den anerkendt og indført i udlandet, men led herved kun skuffelser. I tillid til en fransk opfindelse anlagde han i 1875 en ny fabrik for fremstilling af stearin af stearinolie, men tilsatte herved sin formue. I november 1876 blev firmaet O.F. Asp sat under administration og fabrikken overtaget af Handelsbanken, for hvem den bestyredes af Bocks sønner, cand.polyt. Alexander Bock og Fritz Bock. 1880 blev den solgt til L.P. Holmblad, medens Bocks sønner samtidig under firmaet O.F. Asp anlagde en ny stearinlysfabrik på Blegdamsvej, tegnet af arkitekt Hans J. Holm.

Han er begravet på Assistens Kirkegård.

Bock er gengivet i et portrætmaleri af Hans Christian Jensen 1850. To litografier efter foto, det seneste af I.W. Tegner 1880. Foto.

Kilder
 Julius Petersen & Camillus Nyrop, "Bock, Johan Christian August", i: C.F. Bricka (red.), Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, 1887-1905.
 Smith og Bladt, Den danske Lægestand, 5. udg.
 Dagbladet, 1879, nr. 67.
 Thomas Hansen Erslew, Almindeligt Forfatter-Lexicon for Kongeriget Danmark med tilhørende Bilande fra 1814.
 A. Wurtz, Dictionnaire de Chimie II, 2, 1652 f.
 Tidsskrift for anvendt Chemi I, 86 ff.
 Industriforeningens Maanedsskrift, 1869, s. 11 ff.
 C. Nyrop, Camillus Nyrop, s. 104 f. 135.

Eksterne henvisninger

Danskere i 1800-tallet
Personer fra Aalborg
Hofmedici fra Danmark
Fabrikanter fra Danmark
Personer i Dansk Biografisk Leksikon
Titulære professorer fra Danmark
Riddere af Dannebrog
Etatsråder fra Danmark
Ortopædkirurger fra Danmark
Modtagere af Københavns Universitets guldmedalje


Materials: oil on canvas. Dimensions: 55.2 x 68.6 cm. Inscriptions: JR. Acquisition date: 1877. Source: http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/images/paintings/gm/large/gl_gm_612_large.jpg. P.S. I havew changed the contrast of the original photo.
Materials: oil on canvas. Dimensions: 133 x 235 cm. Nr.: Gal.-Nr. 608 Source: http://www.aoe2011.com/en/images/download/I.6.-1372_%20Bellotto_%20Dresden%20vom__%20linken%20Elbufer.jpg P.S. I have changed the ligh, contrast and colors of the original photo.
Materials: oil on canvas. Dimensions: 134 x 108.8 cm. Nr.: 1964.2.2 Source: http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/Collection/art-object-page.47180.html. P.S. I have changed the contrast of the original photo.
Materials: oil on canvas. Dimensions: 117 x 165 cm. Nr.: 834 Source: http://en.gallerix.ru/fullpic/f3f3e9f7baeef6291560e020d2ca0128/.
Materials: oil on canvas. Dimensions: 73 x 91 cm. Source: http://en.gallerix.ru/fullpic/5c0a82bd42fdc6d8f575fa031f07a2e2/. P.S. I have changed the contrast of the original photo.
Materials: oil on panel. Dimensions: 36.8 x 58.4 cm. Inscriptions: lower right: S DE VLIEG[ER]. Source: http://en.gallerix.ru/pic/_EX/1000788252/89849.jpeg. P.S. I have changed the contrast of the original photo.


text:
if(OpenImageIO_FOUND)
  return()
endif()

SET(OpenImageIO_FOUND FALSE)
SET(OpenImageIO_INCLUDE_DIRS)
SET(OpenImageIO_LIBRARIES)

set(_def_search_paths
  ~/Library/Frameworks
  /Library/Frameworks
  /sw # Fink
  /opt/csw # Blastwave
  /opt
  /usr
  "${CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH}"
  "${OIIO_DIR}"
  "${OPENIMAGEIO_DIR}"
  "${OpenImageIO_DIR}"
)

# Old version.h is deprecated!
find_path(OpenImageIO_INCLUDE_DIR OpenImageIO/oiioversion.h
  HINTS
    ENV OPENIMAGEIO_HOME OIIO_HOME
  PATH_SUFFIXES include/ local/include/
  PATHS ${_def_search_paths}
)

get_filename_component(_OpenImageIO_ROOT_DIR ${OpenImageIO_INCLUDE_DIR} DIRECTORY)

# Extract the version
if(OpenImageIO_INCLUDE_DIR)
  set(OpenImageIO_INCLUDE_DIRS "${OpenImageIO_INCLUDE_DIR}")

  file(READ "${OpenImageIO_INCLUDE_DIRS}/OpenImageIO/oiioversion.h" _version_file)
  string(REGEX REPLACE ".*#define OIIO_VERSION_MAJOR ([0-9]+).*" "\\1"
      OpenImageIO_VERSION_MAJOR "${_version_file}")
  string(REGEX REPLACE ".*#define OIIO_VERSION_MINOR ([0-9]+).*" "\\1"
      OpenImageIO_VERSION_MINOR "${_version_file}")
  string(REGEX REPLACE ".*#define OIIO_VERSION_PATCH ([0-9]+).*" "\\1"
      OpenImageIO_VERSION_PATCH "${_version_file}")
  set(OpenImageIO_VERSION "${OpenImageIO_VERSION_MAJOR}.${OpenImageIO_VERSION_MINOR}.${OpenImageIO_VERSION_PATCH}")
endif()

function(_OpenImageIO_FIND_LIB setname)
  find_library(${setname}
    NAMES ${ARGN}
    HINTS
      ENV OPENIMAGEIO_HOME OIIO_HOME
    PATH_SUFFIXES lib
    PATHS ${_def_search_paths} "${_OpenImageIO_ROOT_DIR}"
  )
endfunction()

# Allowed components
set(_OpenImageIO_COMPONENTS
  OpenImageIO
  OpenImageIO_Util
)

set(_OpenImageIO_OpenImageIO_DEPS )
set(_OpenImageIO_OpenImageIO_LIBNAMES OpenImageIO)
set(_OpenImageIO_OpenImageIO_Util_DEPS Core)
set(_OpenImageIO_OpenImageIO_Util_LIBNAMES OpenImageIO_Util)

# If COMPONENTS are not given, set it to default
if(NOT OpenImageIO_FIND_COMPONENTS)
  set(OpenImageIO_FIND_COMPONENTS ${_OpenImageIO_COMPONENTS})
endif()

foreach(component ${OpenImageIO_FIND_COMPONENTS})
  if(NOT ${component} IN_LIST _OpenImageIO_COMPONENTS)
    message(ERROR "Unknown component ${component}")
  endif()

  set(_release_names )
  set(_debug_names )
  foreach(_n ${_OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBNAMES})
    set(_release_names ${_release_names} "${_n}")
    set(_debug_names ${_debug_names} "${_n}d" "${_n}_d")
  endforeach(_n)

  _OpenImageIO_FIND_LIB(OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_RELEASE ${_release_names})
  if(OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_RELEASE)
    _OpenImageIO_FIND_LIB(OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_DEBUG ${_debug_names} ${_release_names})
    if(NOT OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_DEBUG)
      set(OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_DEBUG "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_RELEASE}")
    endif()

    if(NOT "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_RELEASE}" STREQUAL "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_DEBUG}")
      set(OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY
        optimized "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_RELEASE}" debug "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_DEBUG}")
    else()
      set(OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_RELEASE}")
    endif()

    if(OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY AND EXISTS "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY}")
      set(OpenImageIO_${component}_FOUND TRUE)
    endif()

    set(OpenImageIO_LIBRARIES ${OpenImageIO_LIBRARIES} ${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY})
  endif()

  mark_as_advanced(OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_RELEASE OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_DEBUG)
endforeach(component)

# Setup targets
foreach(component ${OpenImageIO_FIND_COMPONENTS})
  if(OpenImageIO_${component}_FOUND)
    set(_deps )

    foreach(dependency ${_OpenImageIO_${component}_DEPS})
      set(_deps ${_deps} OpenImageIO::${component})
    endforeach(dependency)

    add_library(OpenImageIO::${component} SHARED IMPORTED)
    set_target_properties(OpenImageIO::${component} PROPERTIES
      IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE         "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_RELEASE}"
      IMPORTED_LOCATION_MINSIZEREL      "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_RELEASE}"
      IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELWITHDEBINFO  "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_RELEASE}"
      IMPORTED_LOCATION_DEBUG           "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_DEBUG}"
      ## TODO: Set this to a proper value (on windows -> dll)
      IMPORTED_IMPLIB_RELEASE           "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_RELEASE}"
      IMPORTED_IMPLIB_MINSIZEREL        "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_RELEASE}"
      IMPORTED_IMPLIB_RELWITHDEBINFO    "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_RELEASE}"
      IMPORTED_IMPLIB_DEBUG             "${OpenImageIO_${component}_LIBRARY_DEBUG}"
      INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES          "${_deps}"
      INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES     "${OpenImageIO_INCLUDE_DIRS}"
    )
  endif()
endforeach(component)

if (OpenImageIO_INCLUDE_DIRS AND OpenImageIO_LIBRARIES)
	set(OpenImageIO_FOUND TRUE)
endif()

if(OpenImageIO_FOUND AND NOT OpenImageIO_FIND_QUIETLY)
  message(STATUS "OpenImageIO version: ${OpenImageIO_VERSION}")
endif()

include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
find_package_handle_standard_args(OpenImageIO
  VERSION_VAR OpenImageIO_VERSION
  REQUIRED_VARS OpenImageIO_LIBRARIES OpenImageIO_INCLUDE_DIRS
  HANDLE_COMPONENTS)

mark_as_advanced(OpenImageIO_INCLUDE_DIR)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Brewers To Select Aaron Ashby
June 30, 2021 by MLB Trade Rumors Leave a Comment
The Brewers are planning to call up left-handed pitching prospect Aaron Ashby, reports Jeff Passan of ESPN (Twitter link). The 23-year-old is expected to work out of the bullpen initially, Passan notes. He isn't on the 40-man roster, so a corresponding move is forthcoming.
Ashby is one of the game's more exciting pitching prospects. Milwaukee selected him in the fourth round in 2018 out of Crowder Junior College, and his prospect status has steadily improved throughout his time in pro ball. Ashby had a strong couple months at Low-A during his draft year, and that continued the following season. Between Low-A and High-A in 2019, he worked to a 3.50 ERA with a strong 25.5% strikeout rate and an elevated 11.3% walk percentage.
Clearly, Ashby's control can be an issue at times, but his low minors performance has impressed evaluators. Each of Baseball America, Keith Law of the Athletic and Eric Longenhagen of FanGraphs ranked Ashby among Milwaukee's top ten prospects entering the season. BA suggested he'd likely settle in as a back-of-the-rotation starter, while Law noted Ashby had mid-rotation raw stuff but needed to develop better control to reach that ceiling. Longenhagen was arguably the most bullish, placing Ashby at #127 in his top overall prospects list, praising his mid-90s fastball and pair of quality breaking pitches and calling the southpaw a potential impact multi-inning reliever.
It's been more of the same for Ashby in 2021, which he's spent at Triple-A Nashville. Through 38 innings, he's managed a 4.50 ERA with a stellar 33.3% strikeout rate but a very high 14.3% walk rate. Milwaukee is clearly comfortable enough with his bat-missing prowess to tolerate some potential control issues, as he'll be thrust into a tight division race. The Brewers lead the Cubs by four games in the National League Central. Milwaukee dealt a pair of relievers (Drew Rasmussen and J.P. Feyereisen) in the Willy Adames trade last month, likely in anticipation of Ashby contributing at some point this season.
Even if he's in the majors from here on out, Ashby won't accrue a full season of MLB service. He'll be controllable through 2027, and he's unlikely to be eligible for arbitration until after 2024. Future optional assignments could obviously change that service time outlook.
Andy Reid "not really into" talking about whether Chiefs are a dynasty
Patrick Mahomes "definitely in a better spot" with his ankle than he was two weeks ago


The weekend passed in a blink, carrying with it new experiences and memories. Plenty of laughter with the moms and my family. A chance to reconnect and strengthen the bonds, but also to immerse myself in gratitude for the people in my life. I see the next generation and with them the love comes easy, and it heartens me to know that they too get to experience what it means to be amongst people who care about them deeply. Silly conversations to complimenting the food and four dogs took over our attention, yet more than anything else, the time spent together recharged me.
Each time we get together, I am reminded that the connection is not just because we are related or married to each other, but that we genuinely like being around each other. The one thing missing were dear friends, but I resolved to solve the issue soon. Each of these relationships are my way of charging back into things I want to accomplish in my life. It also reminds me why I do the things that I do in my life. Gratitude rules my life, but I wouldn't have it any other way.
After all, if I do not recognize what's good in my life, then how I can grow? Thank you, thank you, thank you!


text:
Achtung, Skyhawk!
Digging up the interesting bits of Croatian and Balkan general aviation
Croatian aviation history
GA updates
Operations – The Empty Skies of Croatia
July 31, 2014 April 25, 2021 Posted in OperationsTagged ATC failure, Croatia ATC failure, LDZO, Lučko, Pleso, Zagreb Airport, Zagreb Airport power outage
On the whole, I normally do not get much in the way of opportunity to scribble about the operational aspects of flying (and aviation in general) here in Croatia. Most of the time our pedestrian aviation scene simply doesn't produce any material worth writing home about, while the country's mostly pleasant terrain and climate – despite my regular rantings 😀 – also leave little in the way of excitement 🙂 .
On 30 July however, my hand was suddenly forced into action by the arrival of cyclone Melisa, another in an increasingly unusual string of low pressure systems to hit the region of late. Having made landfall on a broad front between the Adriatic towns of Pula and Zadar, Melisa had initially seemed to be a strong – but otherwise generally harmless – rainstorm, which would leave behind the occasional flooded street, but little else. However, news reports from Zadar had quickly revealed that this was no usual event, with the nearby island of Silba receiving 218 liters of rain per square meter in just 24 hours – an amount it normally gets in three months!
The red flags here in Zagreb were already beginning to come up by the time the cyclone had crossed the Velebit mountain range, having been replenished along the slopes by a strong, moist southern wind. Increasing in strength, the core of the storm had started turning slowly towards the city, prompting the Zagreb Airport (ZAG/LDZA) met office to issue a series of increasingly pessimistic TAFs – culminating in the dreaded +TSGR, thunderstorms with heavy hail…
The situation during the worst of it, as seen by the State Meteorological Institute weather radar in eastern Croatia (the city of Zagreb is denoted by ZG)…
A similar, but more colorful, snapshot from neighboring Slovenia. As you can see, the core of the cyclone had passed several miles south-east of the city center – rolling pretty much directly across the airport.
Though the hail had failed to materialize (at the airport at least), the torrential downpour that followed was about to launch ZAG into a world of issues. One of the day's METAR reports perhaps best illustrates just what was going on out there:
LDZA 301300Z 22038G48KT 0400 R05/0400VP2000N R23/0050VP2000N +TSRA FEW013 BKN030CB 17/16 Q1006 BECMG 05010KT 9999 NSW FEW015 SCT030
In normal-person speak, this reads out to:
measurement taken at Zagreb Airport on the 30th of the month at 13:00 UTC (15:00 local)
wind from 220 degrees, speed 38 knots (70 km/h), gusting to 48 knots (89 km/h)
meteorological visibility 400 meters
Runway Visual Range (RVR) down RWY 05 varying between 400 and more than 2000 meters, no significant change
RVR down RWY 23 varying between 50 and more than 2000 meters, no significant change
thunderstorm with heavy rain
few clouds at 1300 ft above ground, CBs covering 6/8 to 7/8 of the sky at 3000 ft above the ground
temperature 17 Centigrade, dew point 16 Centigrade
QNH 1006 hPa
weather imminently turning into a wind from 050 degrees, speed 10 knots (18 km/h), visibility greater than 10 km, few clouds at 1500 ft above ground, scattered clouds at 3000 ft above ground (they'd missed badly with this one!)
The first thing to go wrong was the runway midpoint transmissometer (one of three such units that measure RVR). This was not all that unexpected to be honest, since they also have a tendency to fail during heavy snows (and are an endless source of amusement during the winter 😀 ). Pretty soon however, the downpour became so severe that all operations were stopped dead in their tracks, eventually leading to the full closure of the airport (on top of the fact that even before the storm hit, flights were being delayed by 30 minutes due to anti-hale rocket activity in the area).
However, the worst was yet to come. Several minutes later, I was informed by a colleague – who'd been listening in on the tower and ops frequencies – that ZAG had suffered a "complete technical failure". Tuning to the tower myself, I was to discover that pretty much the entire airspace surveillance system was down; Approach Control, Area Control, the works. Effectively, the whole of the Croatian ATC – with the exception of the individual Towers – had suddenly gone completely blind.
The issue that had caused the problem was later reported to be a leak in the Area Control Center main building, which had allowed rainwater to make it down into the surveillance system's power supply, shorting it out instantly and plunging the ACC into darkness. While still unconfirmed officially, this had already sparked some local controversy, especially given that the building was purpose-built (at great cost) and commissioned only nine years ago…
EDIT: the cause was later revealed to not be just a mere leak, but a torrent of water that had suddenly flooded the master electronics room (located under the main ACC building). Subsequent reports had put the depth of the water there at between 1 and 1.5 meters…
A far more immediate problem though was the effect this failure was having on the flow of traffic through the country. Unlike its larger neighbors, Croatia has only one FIR – Flight Information Region, the area in which ATC provides its services – which covers its entire territory, and which is further subdivided into six "sectors" for easier management. However, all of these sectors are controlled and managed centrally from the same location, the ACC building at ZAG. With it out of the picture, there was no means to provide any form of control within the country's airspace, leading Eurocontrol to impose the so called "zero flow rate" *.
* a common misconception is that a zero flow rate is equal to airspace closure. This is not so. When the airspace is closed outright, no flight is allowed to operate in it, be it an airliner, bizjet, private, IFR, VFR, training or any combination thereof. With a zero flow rate on the other hand, Eurocontrol's Central Flow Management Unit (CFMU) simply does not approve any IFR flight plans that cross the target airspace. So, while the big birds were not allowed in, I could have taken my Skyhawk and gone flying without problems (apart from the rain obviously 🙂 ).
The first of Eurocontrol's "non-availability" messages for Zagreb FIR (LDZO).
Eurocontrol's Network Situation snapshot showing the average delay per FIR. Taken during the peak of the storm, it shows that even before the ACC failure the weather was beginning to have a severely adverse effect on the traffic picture.
By the time all flights had left Croatian airspace – or diverted to nearby airports – we'd gotten a scene we haven't seen since the eruption of Ejyafjallajökull back in 2010… and right in the middle of one of South-Eastern Europe's busiest corridors.
Activated at 13:40 UTC (15:40 local), the restriction was initially specified to last until 15:40 UTC, but was in the event extended to 16:40 and then finally 17:00. With the ACC restored to a minimal operational status, the restriction was lifted at 17:03, allowing traffic to resume using Croatian airspace. However, with the impetus being the get up and running as quickly as possible, the ACC had resumed operations with just three of its six sectors operational, each running at just 25% capacity – with expected effects on delay times…
50 minutes into the resumed operation, the delays were still in excess of 45 minutes. However, the priority was to get the flights on the ground back into the skies, as well as smooth out the flight paths of aircraft swerving to avoid both the storms and Croatian airspace.
Within the hour, all six sectors would be up and running, though still at just 25% of their nominal capacity. However, as the technicians worked their spanners off in the ACC, delays had started steadily dropping up until 21:00 UTC (23:00 local) when they dropped below the 15 minute mark and Croatia became grey again 😀 .
Other effects and consequences:
Unsurprisingly, Hungary had borne the brunt of the traffic diverted around Croatia. The high volume of aircraft suddenly crowing their airways – combined with the cyclone's continued northward path – would cause a cascade effect, causing delays on par with those experienced in Croatia at the start of the storm (glowing bright red on the Network Situation snapshot). However, with only the west of the country affected, things had soon stabilized and delays dropped back to more manageable levels 🙂 .
Back at ZAG, other buildings had also suffered during the downpour. Drainage canals swamped by the sheer volume of water were responsible for the partial flooding of TWY F, ZAG's only parallel taxiway and the only way to get to the RWY 23 without backtracking along the runway. The passenger terminal had suffered the same fate, though I'm told the flooding was on a very small scale and quickly taken care of…
One thought on "Operations – The Empty Skies of Croatia"
Pingback: Photo Report – 24th Zagreb Kup Precision Landing Championship | Achtung, Skyhawk!
Photo Report – Life at Lučko, June 2014
Photo Report – News From The Realm
Categories Select Category Aerial Views (12) Air To Air (3) Airports (7) Airshow Report (12) Commercial Aircraft (18) General Aviation (91) History (15) Incident / Accident (7) Military / Police (22) Museums (3) News (3) Operations (6) Plane's Anatomy / Tech (11) Rare Aircraft (39) Video (3) YuAF Dakotas (8) Yugoslav And Croatian Aviation History (11)
Search for an article or…
… just browse the archive
… just browse the archive Select Month October 2021 (1) August 2021 (1) May 2021 (1) April 2021 (1) October 2020 (2) September 2020 (2) August 2020 (2) November 2019 (1) April 2019 (2) March 2019 (1) October 2018 (1) September 2018 (1) July 2018 (1) April 2018 (1) March 2018 (1) February 2018 (1) August 2017 (2) July 2017 (1) May 2017 (3) March 2017 (2) January 2017 (1) December 2016 (1) October 2016 (1) August 2016 (1) July 2016 (1) June 2016 (1) May 2016 (1) April 2016 (1) February 2016 (2) January 2016 (1) November 2015 (1) September 2015 (1) August 2015 (1) June 2015 (2) May 2015 (1) April 2015 (3) March 2015 (1) February 2015 (2) January 2015 (1) October 2014 (3) September 2014 (1) July 2014 (2) June 2014 (1) May 2014 (2) April 2014 (4) March 2014 (2) February 2014 (4) January 2014 (3) December 2013 (3) November 2013 (4) October 2013 (1) September 2013 (3) August 2013 (5) May 2013 (1) January 2013 (1) October 2012 (1) September 2012 (8) April 2012 (2) January 2012 (1) December 2011 (1) October 2011 (1) September 2011 (2) July 2011 (2) June 2011 (1) April 2011 (3) March 2011 (1) February 2011 (1) January 2011 (3) December 2010 (4) November 2010 (3) September 2010 (4) August 2010 (5) July 2010 (2) June 2010 (3) May 2010 (7) April 2010 (5) March 2010 (5) February 2010 (2) January 2010 (4) December 2009 (8) November 2009 (6) October 2009 (10) September 2009 (5) August 2009 (3) July 2009 (3) June 2009 (5) May 2009 (11) April 2009 (6)
Follow Achtung, Skyhawk! on WordPress.com


text:
Q: register page with MVC model I am trying to build a website with a register page with MVC model, but when i clicked a register button to submit, it pointed to the controller but with a blank page. Here's my MVC i've tried so far
View:
register.jsp

    <form action="controller" method="post">

             Username
            <input type ="text" name="uname" size="30"required>

            Your email address
            <input type ="text" name="mail" size="30">

            Password
            <input type="password" name="pass" size="20"required>

            Please re-type your password
            <input type="password" name="p2" size="20"required>

            Gender
            <input type ="radio" value="r1" checked name="Gender">Male
            <input type ="radio" value="r2" checked name="Gender">Female

            <input type="submit" value="Register" name="submit">
            <input type="reset" value="Reset" name="s5">

    </form>

My Model is
public class signin extends HttpServlet {

public void register(String uname, String pass, String email) throws SQLException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {

    String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    Class.forName(driver).newInstance();
    String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/";
    String dbName = "webauth";
    String userName = "root";
    String passWord = "";
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url + dbName, userName, passWord);
    PreparedStatement statement;
    statement = conn.prepareStatement("insert into data(username, email, password)" + " values (?,?,?,?)");
    statement.setString(1,uname );
    statement.setString(2, pass);
    statement.setString(3, email);
    statement.executeUpdate();
    statement.clearParameters();
    statement.close();
    conn.close();
}

and my Controller :
try {

      String action = request.getParameter("submit");

      if (action.equals("Register")){
            String Uname = request.getParameter("uname");
            String Pword = request.getParameter("pass");
            String Email = request.getParameter("mail");

            boolean check = false;
            try {
                signin signin = new signin();
                check = signin.takeuser(Uname);
                if (check)
                    request.setAttribute("error","This user has already been registered");
            }
            catch(Exception e){
                System.out.println("Exception");
            }
            if (check){
                RequestDispatcher dispatch = request.getRequestDispatcher("signin.jsp");
                dispatch.forward(request, response);
            }
            else{
                try{
                    signin signin = new signin();
                    signin.checkLogin(Uname, Email, Pword);
                    response.sendRedirect("registersuccess.jsp");
                }
                catch(Exception e)
                {
                    System.out.println("Exception");
                }
            }
      }
    } finally {
        out.close();
    }
}

A: e,I think your "Controller" should extends HttpServlet..not the "Signin", Or you can modify the form's action ,it's Signin. The last,configurate your  web.xml.

A:             if (check){
                RequestDispatcher dispatch = request.getRequestDispatcher("signin.jsp");
                dispatch.forward(request, response);
            }
            else{
                try{
                    signin signin = new signin();
                    signin.checkLogin(Uname, Email, Pword);
                    response.sendRedirect("registersuccess.jsp");
                }
                catch(Exception e)
                {
                    System.out.println("Exception");
                }
            }

in this code if you consider else part if try block executed successfully then you will be redirected to registersuccess.jsp but if some exception occurs then you are just printing exception but not redirecting anywhere.
This could be a reason like you are getting exception in the mentioned try block so you are not getting redirected anywhere. just check your console is printing "Exception"?
Or better you debug your code so that you can figure out in which block it goes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We were asked by Super Legítimo a D.I.Y video and show producer to design and art direct Volume 2 of their journal. This was a massive collaboration between musicians, journalists, hustlers, designers, photographers, and illustrators in an effort to bring to life a publication that would document and inform about the independent music scene in San José, Costa Rica. We took the 90s D.I.Y culture and gave it a late 60s high contrast psychedelic make over.
Main Contributors: Kevin León (founder), Carlox Soto, Polux, and Franco Valenciano.


text:
Q: What CloudWatch events will trigger a Glue job to start? I have a series of Glue jobs that depend on data in S3 that gets dumped there by a separate DMS job. I have that DMS job running from a cron job on an EC2 instance.
All of Glue's trigger functionality seems to concern itself with just Glue jobs. Is there a CloudWatch event that will trigger a Glue job? I know I can get CloudWatch to recognize when DMS finishes successfully and if I can get a Glue job to trigger from CloudWatch I'll be able to string it all together.

A: Currently CloudWatch doesn't support AWS Glue job as a target for Rules.
Alternatively you can setup a Rule to trigger Lambda on the DMS event which will start an ETL job by calling Glue API


text:
Plea Barganing
Plea bargaining has been a topic of debate for many years. Advocates feel that plea bargains cut down on caseloads, while opponents feel that criminals get off to easy or are punished to harshly by the system of bargaining. The purpose of this discussion is to discuss these two opposing points of view. I will then choose the one that personally appeals to me and offer support for it. Let's begin the discussion by defining what a plea bargain is and how it is used.
Defining Plea Bargains
A plea bargain is defined as "an agreement between the defense and the prosecutor in which a defendant pleads guilty or no contest to criminal charges. In exchange, the prosecutor drops some charges, reduces a charge or recommends that the judge enter a specific sentence that is acceptable to the defense." (Understanding Plea Bargaining" 2002). In most jurisdictions a plea bargain can be arranged at anytime after a defendant has been charged with a crime. In some cases plea bargains are even reached when there is a hung jury because most attorneys would rather arrange a plea bargain than go through an additional trial. ("Plea Bargains: Why and When they're Made", 2002)
An article entitled "Plea Bargains: Why and When they're Made", explains that plea bargains were created as a result of overcrowded courts. Since there is no way to determine how long a trial will be many courts offer plea bargains. ("Plea Bargains: Why and When they're Made", 2002) The article explains that a plea bargain can be arranged in minutes and offer the defense and prosecution some power over the outcome. ("Plea Bargains: Why and When they're Made", 2002)
Advocates for plea bargaining include defendants, judges and prosecutors. Many advocates argue that there are several reasons why plea bargains are beneficial. For defendants, plea bargains are beneficial because they allow them to have fewer offenses on their record, leave jail and avoid publicity. ("Defendants' Incentives for Accepting Plea Bargains, 2002) Plea bargains reduce the number of offenses on a defendant's record because when the defendant pleads guilty of no contest there charges are automatically reduced. ("Defendants' Incentives for Accepting Plea Bargains, 2002)
Getting a charge reduced from a felony to a misdemeanor can be beneficial to defendants in the long run. This is due to the fact that it is difficult for felons to get employment and in some places felons are not allowed to vote. (Defendants' Incentives for Accepting Plea Bargains, 2002) In addition, some states have a three strike law, which means that if an individual is convicted of three felonies they are not eligible for probation or parole. (Defendants' Incentives for Accepting Plea Bargains, 2002)
Defendants can also avoid jail time with a plea bargain. In many cases defendants that are charged with less serious crimes are let out of jail once a plea bargain is reached. (Defendants' Incentives for Accepting Plea Bargains, 2002) If a defendant is released through a plea bargain they may not be place on probation or have to do any community service. (Defendants' Incentives for Accepting Plea Bargains, 2002)
In addition, defendants in high profile cases that reach a plea bargain agreement can avoid publicity. (Defendants' Incentives for Accepting Plea Bargains, 2002) In these cases the defendant will not have to go through a lengthy trial and therefore avoid unwanted media attention. Avoiding such attention can be beneficial for the defendant's family and the victim's family. (Defendants' Incentives for Accepting Plea Bargains, 2002)
Judges and prosecutors have similar reasons for advocating plea bargains. For judges, plea bargains can greatly reduce their caseloads. In addition, in many cases judges would rather release nonviolent criminals so that crowding in jails can be reduced. (Prosecutors' and Judges' Incentives for Accepting Plea Bargains 2002) Prosecutors advocate plea bargains for much the same reason the article entitled, "Prosecutors' and Judges' Incentives for Accepting Plea Bargains" explains,
"For a prosecutor, the judge's concerns about a clogged calendar are the prosecutor's concerns as well. When the judge is bogged down, the judge puts pressure on the prosecutors to move cases along quicker. To keep judges happy — and keep the machine rolling — prosecutors must keep "the bodies" moving (as criminal defendants are most unfortunately referred to by some courthouse regulars). (Prosecutors' and Judges' Incentives for Accepting Plea Bargains 2002)
According to an article published in the William and Mary Law Review advocates of plea bargaining believe that; it curves the effects of unfair legislation, bargains that are reached are reflective of what would happen at trial and it allows prosecutors to consider other factors when creating a plea. Some of the other arguments that the article list includes the fact that participants will bargain anyway, bargaining reserves resources, and bargaining creates deterrents. (Zacharias, 1998)
Although plea bargaining is a common practice in our nation's courts, many believe that the practice should be eliminated. Most of the opponents of plea bargaining, which include police and the families of victims, believe that most plea bargains give criminals lighter sentences than they would have if their cases were to go to trial. In many instance plea bargains have greatly reduced the amount of time that a defendant would have spent in jail if they would have gone to trial. An article in the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology explains that in recent years, "plea bargaining has come under attack from those who believe it has resulted in insufficient punishment for offenders.(258) Critics now include members of the victims' rights movement who have seen plea bargaining as failing to extract justice from defendants, i.e., the victim's preferences are not always followed by the prosecutor." (Misner 1996)
Misner (1996) also explains that some opponents are also concerned that the rights of defendants are being trampled upon by a system that embraces plea bargaining. This is based on the premise that prosecutors have the most power in bargaining between the two sides. (Misner 1996) Opponents assert that this power permits the prosecution to perform as both the judge and jury. They assert that the best way to ensure the rights of the defendant is through trial. (Misner 1996)
Misner (1996) also explains that many opponents desire to replace the plea bargaining system with one that embraces jury waivers. (Misner 1996) Others believe that communities should fund the criminal justice system so that they can eliminate plea bargains. (Misner 1996) Still, some opponents believe that trials should be truncated. The final argument presented by opponents is that a system that embraces plea bargaining puts the community in danger because it allows criminals to go free. (Misner 1996)
Personal Appeal
On the subject of plea bargaining I believe that the opponents are correct. It seems to me that plea bargaining give unfair advantages to the criminal. If people don't want to be punished harshly then they shouldn't commit crimes. The criminal justice system should not create ways for these criminals to escape the punishment that they deserve. It also seems that this system does not care about the victim, instead plea bargains serve to benefit the criminal. In some case victim's families are not given the proper closure and may have to worry about the criminal being released from prison.
I also believe that the overcrowding in jails and court rooms should not be remedied by allowing criminals to roam the streets. There must be a more concerted effort to prevent crime and to rehabilitate those they are going back into society. Large majorities of the people that are in prison have been there before but because they were not rehabilitated they ended up back in prison and usually the charges are more serious. This leads to an increase in the prison population which could have been avoided in these (non-violent) criminals would have been rehabilitated in the first place.
In short, I believe that plea bargaining creates a system that is too lenient on criminals. Defendants, judges and prosecutors who advocate plea bargains seem to have little regard for the rights of victims and their families. In addition, criminals should not be accommodated because of overcrowding in jails and the court system.
The purpose of this essay was to discuss the two opposing points of view on plea bargaining. We found that advocates believe that plea bargaining eases case loads and relieves overcrowding in prisons. Our investigation found that opponents of plea bargaining believe that the system is too lenient on criminals and can also infringe upon the rights of defendants. I concluded that I agreed with the opponents of plea bargaining in the premise that criminal should not be accommodated because of overcrowding.
Defendants' Incentives for Accepting Plea Bargains (2002) Laws Guide. Retrieved may 27, 2003 from, http://www.lawsguide.com/mylawyer/guideview.asp?layer=3&article=666
Plea Bargains: Why and when they're made. (2002) Laws Guide. Retrieved may 27, 2003 from, http://www.lawsguide.com/mylawyer/guideview.asp?layer=3&article=665
Prosecutors' and Judges' Incentives for Accepting Plea Bargains. (2002) Laws Guide. Retrieved may 27, 2003 from, http://www.lawsguide.com/mylawyer/guideview.asp?layer=3&article=667
Understanding Plea Bargaining: How Most Criminal Cases are Settled" (2002). Laws Guide. Retrieved may 27, 2003 from, http://www.lawsguide.com/mylawyer/guideview.asp?layer=2&article=147
Misner R. L (1996) Recasting prosecutorial discretion. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 86, 1996
Zacharias F. C. (1998) Justice in plea bargaining. William and Mary Law Review, Vol. 39.
Research Papers on Plea Barganing
The Role of Water Management in Solving a Water Crisis
Animal Farm Book Report
Old Town White Coffee - Organizational Control
Previous post Linear Regression Analysis; Women make less than men
Next post Target Corporation: strategies for tomorrow


A young deer is making headlines after it smashed through the front window of a downtown Oshawa bar Sunday morning.
According to Durham Regional First Responders, the small deer ran across King Street before smashing into the front window of Atria Bar and Grill at around 11 am.
Local police responded to the location after receiving a phone call from employees of the bar after the deer went inside the establishment.
Police say the deer is believed to be approximately 75 pounds and possibly 1-year-old.
The deer sustained minor injuries in the incident and is believed to be fine, according to Natural Resources Canada.
Animal control officers waited for a veterinarian to tranquilize the deer before he could be removed from the establishment.
In a video shared on YouTube by Durham Regional First Responders, the deer looks a little banged up, but authorities say he will be released away from the city after he is treated for a minor cut.
Two other deer were spotted in downtown Oshawa over the weekend but they have not yet been located by officials.
Local NDP member of the legislature Jennifer French said in a Facebook post that her community office was also damaged by a deer on Sunday.


The Blackwire 5200 Series fits your busy workday. Easy to use, its USB or USB-C and 3.5 mm connectivity lets you work on a variety of devices. Ergonomically designed, it's comfortable enough to wear all day, on your longest calls. The Blackwire 5200 Series—the power to connect and work easily is here.


text:
Q: No output from Kaminari I'm  trying to paginate a model using kaminari (0.13.0), but I can't get the paginate helper to display anything.
In my view,
# show.haml
= paginate @jobs
# @jobs.class => ActiveRecord::Relation

I've generated a configuration file using rails g kaminari:config and default views using rails g kaminari:views default.
No errors are being displayed either.
edit
The output from some of the other helper methods:
# show.haml

= paginate @jobs
# no output

= link_to_previous_page @jobs, "Prev"
# undefined method `link_to_previous_page' for #<#<Class:0xb12818a4>:0xac737c4>

= link_to_next_page @jobs, "Next"
# no output

= page_entries_info @jobs
# Displaying <b>1</b> job

A: My expectations were incorrect. I was expecting Kaminari to output Prev 1 Next in plain text when the paginate helper was called on a ActiveRecord::Relation with only one record. Adding more records, as suggested by DeathHammer, now correctly outputs the nav.