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Il materialismo dialettico è una teoria dialettica della natura e della storia, fondata sul metodo dialettico di Hegel, utilizzato però in chiave materialista. Essa è la "concezione filosofica" del marxismo così come sviluppata soprattutto da Engels e Lenin, ed era considerata la "filosofia ufficiale" dell'Unione Sovietica e di altri Paesi. Essa può definirsi come dottrina della materia in movimento e logica della contraddizione.

Il termine "dialettico" esprime l'inclusione nel punto di vista materialista della consapevolezza della dinamica interconnessione tra i processi e dell'universalità del mutamento: qualsiasi ente è, secondo questa dottrina, soggetto ad un processo di autotrasformazione, dovuto al fatto che il suo contenuto è costituito da forze in opposizione (o "contraddittorie" nel gergo hegeliano); ciascuna cosa si muta costantemente in qualcosa di diverso da sé. In tale contesto, pertanto, si ripudiano il meccanicismo inteso come materialismo non dialettico e la metafisica nel senso dell'ontologia idealista.

Il materialismo storico da questo punto vista non è altro che l'applicazione del materialismo dialettico alla storia delle società umane. Sebbene i marxisti, e specialmente Marx stesso, si siano occupati soprattutto del materialismo storico, è possibile rintracciare un'importante elaborazione teorica di carattere marxista anche riguardo alla storia naturale (di cui, secondo la filosofia materialista, la storia dell'umanità è una parte).

Dalla dialettica hegeliana al marxismo

Engels: le leggi della dialettica della natura
{{Citazione|[...] nella natura sono operanti, nell'intrico degli innumerevoli cambiamenti, quelle stesse leggi dialettiche del movimento che anche nella storia dominano l'apparente accidentalità degli avvenimenti; quelle stesse leggi che, costituendo del pari il filo conduttore della storia dello sviluppo del pensiero umano, diventano gradualmente note agli uomini che pensano; leggi che per la prima volta furono sviluppate da Hegel in maniera comprensiva, ma in forma mistificata, e che è stato uno dei nostri intenti liberare da questa forma mistica e rendere chiaramente comprensibili in tutta la loro semplicità e universale validità.|Friedrich Engels, prefazione del 1885 allAnti-Dühring}}

Testi fondamentali del materialismo dialettico sono l'''Anti-Dühring (1878), che molti considerano un vero e proprio compendio del Capitale, e l'incompleto Dialettica della natura (composto nel 1883 ma pubblicato postumo solo nel 1925) di Friedrich Engels. In essi Engels esplicita la sua concezione filosofica in modo particolarmente chiaro indicandola come "dialettica materialista". La dialettica marxiana secondo lui si applica anche alla natura e poggia su tre leggi:
 La legge della conversione della quantità in qualità (e viceversa): in natura le variazioni qualitative possono essere ottenute dal sommarsi graduale di variazioni quantitative che culmina con un salto (inerentemente non-graduale) di qualità; la nuova qualità è considerata altrettanto reale di quella originaria e non è più ad essa riconducibile. Più in generale, ogni differenza qualitativa è collegata ad una differenza quantitativa e viceversa: non esistono le categorie metafisiche "quantità" e "qualità" bensì esse costituiscono due poli di un'unità dialettica.
 La legge della compenetrazione degli opposti (ossia dell'unità e del conflitto degli opposti) garantisce l'unità ed al tempo stesso il mutamento incessante della natura: tutte le esistenze essendo costituite di elementi e forze in opposizione hanno il carattere di una unità in divenire; l'unità è considerata temporanea, mentre il processo di mutamento è continuo. Le categorie hanno contorni sfumati ma non per questo è illusoria o meno intensa la loro contrapposizione e la dinamica evolutiva che ne deriva.
 La legge della negazione della negazione: ogni sintesi è a sua volta la tesi di una nuova antitesi che darà luogo ad una nuova sintesi che risolve le contraddizioni precedenti e genera le sue proprie contraddizioni.
Queste leggi, per Engels, determinano un divenire sia naturale che storico, necessario ed essenzialmente progressivo, che ha tuttavia caratteristiche rivoluzionarie, con svolte brusche e violente, e non quelle di una pacifica evoluzione gradualistica.
Queste leggi sono spesso state addirittura interpretate come critica e negazione del principio di non contraddizione. Secondo alcuni ciò è stato dovuto essenzialmente a causa di una esasperata identificazione della contraddizione dialettica in senso hegeliano (intesa come conflitto tra forze in contrapposizione) e la contraddizione logica, propria della logica formale. Diversi autori marxisti hanno infatti apertamente contestato la validità del principio di non contraddizione, considerandolo poco più che una finzione matematica, che mostra però i suoi limiti quando è applicato concretamente al mondo materiale.

 Marx: capovolgere l'hegelismo e usarlo per cambiare il mondo

Sebbene sia stato esplicitato maggiormente nei testi di Engels, e sebbene alcuni ritengano che Marx non fosse molto interessato all'opera di sistematizzazione della sua dottrina filosofica realizzata dall'amico, in genere si ritiene che il materialismo dialettico fece la sua comparsa con la rivalutazione critica da parte di Karl Marx del metodo dialettico di Hegel che questi applicava all'analisi dell'Uomo, della sua storia e delle sue opere. Marx capovolse il metodo di Hegel che a suo giudizio "poggiava sulla testa" (cioè sullo Spirito, visto come entità fondante la dialettica storica) "riportandolo sui piedi" (cioè basando la sua filosofia sulla supremazia della materia, di cui i fenomeni spirituali o mentali nel cervello umano sono un prodotto).

Fondamentalmente, ciò che Marx conservò dell'idealismo hegeliano, applicandolo tuttavia al mondo reale (in opposizione al mondo ideale) fu:
 Il rifiuto sia della metafisica misticheggiante (in particolare di tipo religioso) sia dell'empirismo, a favore di un metodo razionale rivolto alla generalizzazione teorica, basata sul metodo scientifico: scopo della scienza è scoprire quelle che nel gergo hegeliano sono le "leggi di movimento" dei sistemi che studia, basate sulle forze fondamentali che ne determinano l'evoluzione, rifiutando idee preconcette imposte sui fenomeni, ma senza fermarsi neppure ad una mera descrizione statica della loro apparenza superficiale.
 Una visione olistica per cui ogni cosa è una parte connessa del complesso che è l'Universo ed è sottoposta, in quanto comunque materia organizzata in forme storicamente determinate, alle medesime leggi fondamentali. Marx rifiuta dunque ogni forma di dualismo.
 Il riconoscimento del mutare incessante della realtà, per Hegel frutto del dipanarsi teleologico della dialettica dello Spirito, per Marx al contrario frutto del risolversi e del continuo ricrearsi della contraddizione all'interno degli oggetti materiali, in un'evoluzione che non ha una direzione data dall'esterno ed è intervallata da balzi qualitativi (che nella storia umana sono le rivoluzioni).

Dalla visione materialista tradizionale, ormai già suffragata dalle scoperte dei naturalisti (specialmente Charles Darwin), Marx assume l'idea che la natura non-vivente precedette le forme viventi della natura, che, come animali capaci di pensiero astratto e coscienti di sé, gli esseri umani si sono evoluti da animali senza questa capacità, e che la mente e la coscienza non possono esistere separatamente da un corpo vivente.

Conseguenza fondamentale della filosofia marxiana è il nuovo ruolo del filosofo materialista-dialettico. Come il mondo, secondo Marx, non è basato sull'Idea ma sulla materia, così scopo del filosofo non è più solo "interpretare il mondo", ma "mutarlo": questo è quanto dichiara in modo programmatico al termine (nell'undicesima tesi) delle fondamentali Tesi su Feuerbach (1845), brevissimo e sintetico manifesto che, differenziando il pensiero marxiano dalla principale corrente della sinistra hegeliana, fonda teoricamente il nuovo indirizzo filosofico. Come il mondo secondo Marx non è statico ma evolve dialetticamente seguendo le sue contraddizioni interne, così la filosofia di tipo nuovo deve schierarsi nello scontro tra forze antagoniste (tra le classi sociali) che dilania la società e porsi l'obiettivo della soluzione per via rivoluzionaria della contraddittorietà del reale, da cui non ci si può liberare per via contemplativa — se non finendo, come Hegel, per giustificare la presunta "razionalità" dell'ordine di cose esistente.

 Il materialismo dialettico nel Novecento
 Lenin: materialismo, idealismo ed empiriocriticismo

A Lenin si deve l'introduzione dell'espressione "materialismo dialettico", che mette l'accento non più sul rovesciamento materialista della dialettica hegeliana ma soprattutto sul fatto che il marxismo rappresenta una forma nuova di materialismo, distinto dal "materialismo volgare" o "materialismo metafisico" o anche "meccanicismo" tipico di una branca del pensiero filosofico, specie illuminista, che riconduceva tutti i processi naturali al paradigma della meccanica (perfino il pensiero, come esemplifica l'aforisma "Il cervello secerne pensiero come il fegato secerne la bile" attribuito al fisiologo illuminista Cabanis).

Nel 1909 Lenin pubblica Materialismo ed empiriocriticismo, in polemica con il compagno di partito Aleksandr Bogdanov il quale sostiene che l'unica realtà (o perlomeno l'unica effettivamente conoscibile) è l'esperienza, contenuta nel lavoro collettivo; in questo Bogdanov riprende e modifica le tesi filosofiche di Richard Avenarius e di Ernst Mach e propone di conciliare con esse il marxismo, giustificando questa operazione sulla base di alcuni nuovi risultati delle scienze naturali. Lenin contesta la filosofia empiriocritica di Mach, a suo parere analoga all'empirismo e al kantismo (che si autodefiniva "filosofia critica"), e tenta di dimostrare la sostanziale somiglianza tra il machismo e il bogdanovismo. Questo libro vuole essere una difesa appassionata e molto dettagliata del materialismo in particolare rispetto ai problemi gnoseologici, partendo dalle posizioni espresse dal "maestro" di Lenin, Georgij Plechanov (autore di testi come Lo sviluppo della visione monista della storia e La concezione materialista della storia). In particolare le tesi leniniane sono:

 La filosofia del marxismo è il materialismo dialettico, per Lenin l'unica forma conseguente di materialismo, coerente con le scoperte scientifiche moderne (per esempio sull'elettrone, sulla radioattività ecc.).

 I sistemi filosofici si dividono da sempre sostanzialmente in materialismo e idealismo e questi due "partiti" in filosofia si combattono da secoli, pur evolvendo le rispettive posizioni. L'empirismo di Hume e altri o il kantismo sono posizioni oscillanti tra queste due, che non prendono apertamente posizione e che pertanto Lenin chiama "agnosticismo". La tendenza positivista o il machismo sono assimilati da Lenin appunto all'agnosticismo filosofico. Il portato pratico dell'idealismo per i marxisti è di tipo reazionario (la religione è una forma di idealismo, l'idealismo è simile alla religione), quelle del materialismo progressive, quindi questa lotta ha conseguenze politiche rilevanti e se il partito marxista adottasse l'empiriocriticismo non sarebbe ben attrezzato teoricamente per la lotta politica.
 Materia senza movimento o movimento senza materia sono concetti assurdi. Il movimento e la materia sono un'unità indissolubile, di cui spazio e tempo sono il modo di esistenza. L'Universo è la materia cioè il movimento, e nella sua materialità trova la sua unitarietà. La vita come il pensiero fanno parte del mondo materiale e sono il prodotto della materia organizzata in un modo particolare, ma (come hanno dimostrato i geologi, gli astronomi, i naturalisti) la materia e quindi il mondo esistevano prima che vi fosse l'uomo a pensarli, è dunque la materia il principio fondamentale e non l'idea o lo spirito o l'esperienza.
 Alla base della teoria della conoscenza del materialismo dialettico vi è il riconoscimento dell'esistenza reale del mondo esterno (ritenuta "irrilevante" da alcuni pensatori con cui Lenin polemizza e che vengono perciò accusati di un velato idealismo solipsista) e il suo riflesso nel cervello umano, organo del pensiero. I nessi di causa-effetto, la necessità e la libertà, le leggi di natura, sono il rispecchiarsi nel cervello dell'uomo del modo di esistere della materia che l'uomo percepisce attraverso i sensi e con cui interagisce attraverso l'attività pratica.
 Non esiste una differenza di principio tra fenomeno e noumeno: la prassi, cioè l'azione, è la via attraverso la quale la cosa in sé diventa cosa per noi. Come diceva Hegel, conoscere le proprietà di un oggetto equivale a conoscere l'oggetto. Questo processo di conoscenza tuttavia è una dialettica infinita tra il soggetto che conosce e l'oggetto della percezione sensibile; il criterio che permette di stabilire l'oggettività della conoscenza umana è il successo della nostra attività pratica, poiché la prassi basata sulla nostra rappresentazione della realtà non potrebbe essere efficace se questa non fosse un'approssimazione crescente della kantiana "cosa in sé".

Le fortune teoriche di Bogdanov non ressero alla critica leniniana. Le posizioni filosofiche di Plechanov e Lenin conquistarono decisamente l'egemonia nel marxismo russo e poi sovietico, e in seguito in tutto il movimento comunista internazionale. Fu allontanato dal Comitato Centrale bolscevico, ma rimase ad ogni modo una figura di rilievo dell'ala sinistra del Partito; partecipò alla Rivoluzione d'Ottobre e dopo il 1917 fu nominato direttore dell'Accademia Socialista delle Scienze Sociali; divenne professore all'Università di Mosca e guidò il movimento Proletkult (Cultura Proletaria). Con lo stalinismo cadde in disgrazia e fu sottoposto ad una sorta di damnatio memoriae, preludio ad un periodo di autoritarismo anche in campo filosofico che avrebbe sostituito alla critica delle idee quella realizzata con la forza.

 Controversie
 Popper: il materialismo dialettico non è scientifico

Secondo Karl Popper il marxismo (e la psicoanalisi) si presenta come una teoria capace di spiegare qualsiasi fatto ricada nel suo ambito e, quindi, di sottrarsi ad ogni confutazione (o falsificazione, nel linguaggio di Popper) possibile ed immaginabile. Il vizio del materialismo dialettico risiederebbe nel fatto che esso rinuncerebbe al principio di non-contraddizione: se un fenomeno non è compatibile con una particolare tesi, vuol dire che esso ne è lantitesi e come tale viene accettato insieme con la sua tesi; in tal modo la capacità di distinguere tra affermazioni a sostegno oppure contrarie ad una qualche teoria che poggi sul materialismo dialettico verrebbe di fatto annullato, rendendone impossibile una qualsiasi confutazione. Pertanto il materialismo dialettico, poiché presume di poter spiegare qualsiasi fenomeno, sia naturale sia storico, ricada nel suo ambito e poiché non è falsificabile, non può essere considerato una vera dottrina scientifica, come invece pensavano Marx ed Engels.

Popper ebbe a scrivere sull'apparente potere esplicativo del materialismo dialettico marxista:

A detta di Popper:

Questa sua non-confutabilità, secondo Popper, renderebbe il materialismo dialettico essenzialmente non scientifico.

 Difese del materialismo dialettico

I marxisti hanno tentato di rispondere in vari modi alle accuse di Popper, di cui essi classificano la filosofia in genere come una variante dell'empirismo (o dell'agnosticismo filosofico, cioè della neutralità tra idealismo e materialismo). Filosofi posteriori di cultura sovietica tentarono di reinterpretare il materialismo dialettico meno drasticamente in modo da salvare il principio di non-contraddizione. Anche il leader del Partito Comunista Cinese Mao Tse-Tung disse la sua sul principio di non contraddizione, spiegando perché la dialettica materialista lo rifiutasse in una nota del 1937

Secondo un'altra linea difensiva, alcuni marxisti distinguono tra il materialismo dialettico inteso solo come metodo filosofico del marxismo (che sarebbe non una vera e propria teoria scientifica, come secondo alcuni riteneva Engels, bensì la generalizzazione di un metodo di pensiero basato sull'esperienza) e il contenuto positivo del marxismo, che rientra nella fattispecie delle teorie scientifiche, fa previsioni piuttosto precise ed è confutabile, basato sull'esperienza e anche emendabile con integrazioni e revisioni successive (questa è, per esempio, l'opinione della scuola di Francoforte). In effetti Engels sembra rispondere anticipatamente a critiche simili nella sua polemica col professor Dühring:

 Lo status controverso del materialismo dialettico
 per esempio nel Breve corso di storia del Partito Comunista (Bolscevico) dell'URSS pubblicato nel 1938 ad opera del leader sovietico Stalin, in cui in effetti lo stile espositivo è il seguente:

 (come per esempio nel famoso caso dell'opposizione di Lysenko alla genetica). Questa dottrina, indicata in russo con l'abbreviazione диамат, diamat (da диалектический материализм, dialektičeskij materializm), ed esposta specificamente nell'opuscolo di Stalin Del materialismo dialettico e del materialismo storico, era la "filosofia ufficiale" insegnata nelle scuole e nelle università sovietiche.

, in particolare per quanto riguarda la questione spinosa dello status della dialettica rispetto al complesso della conoscenza umana. Engels non crede a verità eterne:

Naturalmente esistono differenti interpretazioni di questo passo di Engels, soprattutto da parte staliniana.
 il seguente passo di Lenin:

:

Note

 Bibliografia
 Ludwig Feuerbach. Materialismo dialettico e materialismo storico. Antologia da vari autori, Brescia, La scuola, 1970
 Eleonora Fiorani. Friedrich Engels e il materialismo dialettico. Milano, Feltrinelli, 1971
 Ludovico Geymonat. Storia del pensiero filosofico e scientifico. Milano, Garzanti, 1988
 Liliano Faenza. Dialettica e materialismo dialettico: letture inattuali. Rimini, La rosa, 1994
 Giuseppe Licandro. La filosofia in Urss. Lineamenti storici e significato politico. Reggio Calabria, I.S.N.P. Edizioni, 1997
 AA.VV., Attualità del materialismo dialettico, Editori Riuniti, Roma, 1974.
 Louis Althusser, Lenin e la filosofia. Seguito da: Sul rapporto fra Marx e Hegel. Lenin di fronte a Hegel, Milano, 1974.
 Dominique Lecourt, Lenin e la crisi delle scienze, Roma, 1974.
 Antonio Negri, La fabbrica della strategia. 33 Lezioni su Lenin, Padova, 1976.
 Francesco Fistetti, Lenin e il machismo. Da "Materialismo ed empiriocriticismo" ai "Quaderni filosofici", Milano, 1977.
 A.N. Šeptulin, La filosofia marxista-leninista, Edizioni Progress, Mosca, 1977.
 V. Afanasiev, Fondamenti di filosofia marxista-leninista, Edizioni Progress, Mosca, 1986.
 Carlo Di Mascio, Lenin e i Quaderni sulla Scienza della Logica di Hegel'', Phasar Edizioni, Firenze, 2017 ISBN 978-88-6358-438-7.

Voci correlate
 Filosofia marxista
 Comunismo
 Materialismo
 Materialismo storico
 Socialismo
 Lotta di classe

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

 Archivio Internet dei Marxisti Sezione italiana
 Testi di Engels e altri autori sul Materialismo dialettico scaricabili in vari formati

Posizioni e teorie filosofiche
Socialismo
Comunismo
Storia contemporanea


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Justia Forms Business Contracts Edgewell Personal Care Company First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 2, 2020,
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 2, 2020, by and among Edgewell Personal Care Company, Cremo Holding Company, LLC, Cremo Company, LLC and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee
EX-10.4 5 epcexhibit104932020.htm EX-10.4 Document
FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE
The First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 2, 2020 (this "First Supplemental Indenture"), among edgewell personal care company (the "Company"), a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Missouri, THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON TRUST COMPANY, N.A., a national banking corporation, as trustee (the "Trustee"), CREMO HOLDING COMPANY, LLC, a California limited liability company (the "HoldCo") and CREMO COMPANY, LLC, a California limited liability company (together with the HoldCo, the "New Guarantors").
WHEREAS, the Company, certain Subsidiaries of the Company party thereto and the Trustee are parties to the Indenture, dated as of May 22, 2020 (the "Base Indenture" and, as supplemented by this First Supplemental Indenture, the "Indenture"), relating to the issuance of the Company's 5.500% Senior Notes due 2028 (the "Existing Notes");
WHEREAS, Section 4.06 of the Base Indenture provides that, if any Domestic Subsidiary that is a Wholly Owned Subsidiary (including any newly formed or newly acquired Domestic Subsidiary that is a Wholly Owned Subsidiary) that is not a Guarantor guarantees any Material Subject Debt of the Company, then the Company shall cause such Subsidiary to execute and deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture pursuant to which such Subsidiary shall unconditionally guarantee all of the Company's obligations under the Existing Notes and the Base Indenture in accordance with, and subject to the terms of, Article Ten of the Base Indenture;
WHEREAS, each New Guarantor is becoming a guarantor under the Credit Agreement;
WHEREAS, Section 8.01(4) of the Base Indenture provides that the Company and the Trustee may enter into a supplemental indenture to add any guarantees with respect to the Existing Notes; and
WHEREAS, all conditions and requirements of the Indenture necessary to make this First Supplemental Indenture a valid, binding and legal instrument in accordance with its terms have been performed and fulfilled by the parties hereto.
NOW THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the premises and other good and valuable consideration, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged by the parties hereto, the Company, the New Guarantors and the Trustee agree as follows:
NEW GUARANTEES
Section 1.1.Guarantee.
Subject to the provisions of Article Ten of the Base Indenture, each New Guarantor hereby agrees to, jointly and severally, unconditionally guarantee to each Holder and the Trustee (i) the due and punctual payment of the principal of and interest on each Existing Note, when and as the same shall become due and payable, whether at maturity, by acceleration or otherwise, the due and punctual payment of interest on the overdue principal of and interest on the Existing Notes, to the extent lawful, and the due and punctual payment of all obligations of the Company to the Holders or the Trustee all in accordance with the terms of such Existing Note and the Indenture, and (ii) in the case of any extension of time of payment or renewal of any Existing Notes or any of such other obligations, that the same shall be promptly paid in full when due or performed in accordance with the terms of the extension or renewal, at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise.
The obligations of each New Guarantor to the Holders and to the Trustee pursuant to the Note Guarantee described herein and evidenced by the Indenture are expressly set forth in Article Ten of the Base Indenture and reference is hereby made to such Base Indenture for the terms of such Note Guarantee.
Section 2.1.Capitalized Terms. For purposes of this First Supplemental Indenture:
(a)Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Base Indenture;
(b)All references to Articles and Sections, unless otherwise specified, refer to the corresponding Articles and Sections of the Base Indenture; and
(c)The terms "herein," hereof," "hereunder" and other words of similar import refer to this First Supplemental Indenture.
Section 2.2.Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals. The recitals contained herein shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for their correctness.
Section 2.3.Counterparts. This First Supplemental Indenture may be executed in multiple counterparts, by manual or electronic signature, each of which shall be regarded for all purposes as an original and all of which shall constitute but one and the same instrument.
Section 2.4.Governing Law. This First Supplemental Indenture shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this First Supplemental Indenture to be duly executed as of the date first above written.
EDGEWELL PERSONAL CARE COMPANY
By: /s/ Rod Little
Name: Rod Little
[Signature Page to First Supplemental Indenture (Notes 5.50%)]
NEW GUARANTORS:
CREMO HOLDING COMPANY, LLC
CREMO COMPANY, LLC
By: /s/ Lawrence M. Kusch
Name: Lawrence M. Kusch

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Euclid Motor Car Company war ein US-amerikanischer Hersteller von Automobilen aus Ohio.

Unternehmensgeschichte
Herbert R. Palmer hatte bereits mit der Palmer Automobile Manufacturing Company Erfahrungen im Automobilbau gesammelt. 1907 gründete er das Unternehmen in Cleveland. Ende 1907 begann die Produktion von Automobilen. Der Markenname lautete Euclid. Nach etwa einem Jahr endete 1908 die Produktion.

Es gab weder eine Verbindung zur gleichnamigen Euclid Motor Car Company aus Connecticut noch zur Berg Automobile Company, die den gleichen Markennamen benutzten.

Fahrzeuge
Im Angebot standen zwei verschiedene Modelle. Beide hatten einen luftgekühlten Dreizylinder-Zweitaktmotor aus eigener Fertigung. Er trieb über ein Friktionsgetriebe und zwei Ketten die Hinterachse an. Das Fahrgestell hatte 254 cm Radstand. Die Aufbauten waren offen.

Der Motor im Roadster hatte 85,725 mm Zylinderbohrung, 88,9 mm Hub, 1539 cm³ Hubraum und 20 PS Leistung. Der Tourenwagen hatte eine stärkeren Motor. 101,6 mm Bohrung und 114,3 mm Hub ergaben 2780 cm³ Hubraum und 35 PS.

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Ehemaliger Pkw-Hersteller (Ohio)
Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Cleveland)
Gegründet 1907
Aufgelöst 1908
Produzierendes Unternehmen (Cleveland)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Saturday, Oct. 26, 9 a.m.
Dodgeball frightens you, but you'd never miss a good food fight. Tomato Dodge could be for you. The run inspired by Spain's La Tomatina festival is about to splatter Oklahoma City with a rain of over-rippened, past-shelf-life tomatoes. What happens? Participants register to run or walk the 5k course for $25. When the gauntlet begins, runners find themselves dodging smooshy tomatoes chucked from behind ambush zones. Hope you can carry a lot in your arms – runners also throw tomatoes back. Oklahoma City's Wake Zone Park, 3501 N.E. 10th St., is the destination. Register through Friday, Oct. 25 at www.tomatododge.com. The run starts at 9 a.m., but you'll want to arrive early for check-in.


text:
For female activists and politicians, gender equality is an uphill fight
&nbsp11/08/2019 News	The Isaan Record
SAKON NAKHON – A remarkable feature of civil society in northeastern Thailand is the high engagement of women in activism in defending their communities against environmental risks posed by various development projects.
At a forum on October 25, organized by Rajabhat Sakon Nakhon University in collaboration with The Isaan Record and several other organisations, activists, politicians, and academics, discussed the role of women in activism and politics. Among the audience of roughly 100 were students, interested members of the public, and representatives of communities from across the region.
Traditionally part of a matrilineal culture, Isaan women have always had a high level of social participation. In their communities' struggles against development projects that threaten to damage the environment and people's livelihoods, these women have been spurred to assume leadership roles by a desire to protect the well-being of their families.
Yet in parliament, newly elected female MPs have found themselves in deeply chauvinist waters. The political establishment, mostly male and middle-aged, seems reluctant to acknowledge female input in parliamentary debates concerning the military, telling them to save their voices for "womanly issues" such as childcare. The mainstream media, for their part, received criticism for continuing to steer the public focus towards the wardrobe of female MPs rather than their political positions.
Kanokwan Manorom, a sociology lecturer from Ubon Ratchathani University, says that the risk of environmental destruction poses a direct threat to the livelihoods of rural Isaan communities and functions a motivator for many women to become activists.
Don't mess with their young
Kanokwan Manorom, a sociology lecturer at Ubon Ratchathani University's Faculty of Liberal Arts who studies the role of women in Isaan, said that it usually requires an extraordinary amount of pressure to persuade Isaan women to turn to activism.
The inequality and injustice inherent in the way that natural resources are currently managed is what forces women out of their homes to the frontline of activism. Since women are often in charge of feeding their families, they intimately understand the threat of ecological destruction, Kanokwan said.
"What turns these women into activists, what gets their backs up and fills them with courage, what makes them ready to burst into the melee–even though as women we've been taught to stay mostly at home, cook the food, and do the laundry–is when their natural resources are threatened, which is a direct threat to the livelihood and well-being of their families, their children," Kanokwan explained.
Not without fears, but not giving up
Sudta Khamnoi, a member of the Wanon Niwat Preservation Group from Sakon Nakhon province, is currently battling the exploration of potash reserves in preparation for a Chinese mining project approved by the military junta.
"At some point you have to just stand up and fight. Why? Because this mining project is for the profit of a Chinese company, approved by people in Bangkok without our participation," she said. "These people will never have to live with the consequences of this mine."
Sudta Khamnoi (right), is a core member of the Wanon Niwat Preservation Group from Sakon Nakhon that opposes a potash mining project.
Sudta is concerned that the mine will destroy her community because the mining company still has not presented a plan for disposing of the salt and other byproducts generated by the mining operations. She is also worried about the air pollution and toxic run-offs from the water-intensive mining process.
"The representative of the Chinese mining company even had the gall to ask the community to make a sacrifice, and to put up with air quality that might be 60 percent lower than what we are breathing now. How selfish is that? Why should we be the ones to sacrifice?" Sudta aksed.
The water-intensive nature of potash mining also threatens water sources that locals currently use for farming and in their households. This potential competition for water between a large private corporation with backing from Bangkok and the locals of Wanon Niwat is what troubles Sudta.
Sudta was quick to point out that it is not only women who are concerned, but that local men have also come out in force to try and stop this project. Men and women in the community are now accustomed to rotating between all roles as required, be it protesting, going to court, meeting with the government and mining company representatives, cooking, or childcare.
"I've personally got three court cases going on, criminal and civil. Am I scared? It doesn't matter how tough you think you are, you can't escape fear," Sudta told the audience. "I may not be without fear, but there's no way I'm surrendering. I don't even know how to spell surrender."
A long way for gender equality
In the afternoon session, Sirikanya Tansakun, Future Forward Party's head of policy and party list MP, expressed the view that gender equality still has a long way to go in Thai politics.
Filled mostly with middle-aged and older men, parliament is rife with gossip and intrigue, she said. Some male MPs wondered aloud whose fathers or husbands of the new female MPs were that enabled them to get into parliament, "As if the fact that we were voted in by the people had nothing to do with it," she said.
There are currently less than 20 female MPs in parliament.
Sirikanya Tansakun (right), head of policy for the Future Forward Party and party list MP says that that gender equality in politics still has a long way to go in Thailand.
"When parliament is in session, you can see many male MPs, and even the PM himself, often teasing our female MPs with words like, 'Hey beautiful. How are you today?' Even in parliament we have to deal with this kind of disrespect," she said. "I must say that I feel so disappointed with the Thai parliament."
Sirikanya went on to say amidst the prevailing atmosphere, along with the overwhelming number of male MPs, female MPs are often viewed as decorative ornaments who don't really need to have a function in parliamentary debate.
"The media and society put excessive focus on what we're wearing, what color our hair is today–rather than paying attention to the content of our debates or petitions," Sirikanya said, adding that she felt pressured to change her appearance and the way she dresses in parliament.
Nattaporn Artharn (left), a representative of the Commoner Party, has been facing gender stereotypes in her work as an activist and politician in Isaan.
But it's not only in parliament that female politicians face an uphill battle to be seen as capable as their male counterparts, said Nattaporn Artharn, a former candidate for the Commoner Party in Kalasin's electoral district 5.
"On the campaign trail, older villagers often asked me how I could be a politician as such a young woman," she said.
Nattaporn said it reflects that some parts of Isaan society are still unconvinced that women have the potential to do political work or engage in activism because they see it as a male domain.
While she thinks that gender should play no role in these matters, Nattaporn also believes that female and LGBTQI politicians and activists have a long journey ahead until society sees them as equal to men.
"As women who enter politics, we need to work twice as hard as men," Nattaporn said. "Only then we can prove that we are capable of being politicians and representatives of the people."
Writing by Christopher Burdett. Reporting by Hathairat Phaholtap and Yodsapon Kerdviboon. Editing by Fabian Drahmoune.
Tags: activism, civil society, feminism, gender equality, gender equity, gender rights, Isaan, Northeast Thailand, northeastern Thailand, politicians, politics, public forum, Sakon Nakhon
Work in progress: a decade of human rights in Isaan
"It could have been me": talking human rights with the Swedish ambassador
"They're distorting our democracy" – Isaan politicians' daughter between hope and despair for Thai democracy
Isaan human rights defenders between fight or flight
On women and their role in Thai politics


Her eyes may say "yes" but her clothes say "no". And "dream" and "wow".
The Fall 2008 Ready-to-Wear Collection from Viktor & Rolf literally incorporates the word "no" into much of their new collection. Other pieces say "dream", "dream on" and even "wow". The words appear in various forms: sequined, sewn into them and even constructed in 3D. The new collection also makes use of gold staples which , although sounding odd, look fabulous.
Rolf Snoeren and Viktor Horsting are known for their unusual designs. Even their Milan boutique is designed like no other.
Visit Viktor and Rolf online here.
Be sure to see the side by side comparisons of Viktor & Rolf's Fashions with their Restrospective Barbican Doll exhibit here!
Or the upside down Viktor & Rolf store in Milan here.
So it really rings true that in the first seconds that a person views a message, no matter what the language, it's the images that hold the power to connect, it's the images that make a viewer decide even whether to read a word.
i hope the audience was laughing their asses off. how completely retarded.
As a stationery designer, I think this is FABULOUS....sort of a walking note card. And the dream coat would ensure plenty of room for the wearer on the subway, bus or elevator. LOVE IT!
wow i love the belt buckle, thats cool.
I love the 08 Spring Summer collection. It makes me want to be a girl EVEN more. haha! But I'll stick with me being male and a fashionista for now.
I completely ADORE the gold staples. The way the glittered as the girls walked...perfect.
Thank you for this blog. I'm glad someone else loves the collection as well.
I love your blog! You will be in our prayers and thoughts! Nice and informative post on this topic thanks for sharing with us.Thank you!
Okay, some of these are a bit out there, but i guess that's the point. Great concept to be scaled down. There's no doubt that our minds hold on to images for a much longer period so advertising brought to a different level overall.


text:
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Is Your Dorm "Luxurious"? »
Is Your Dorm "Luxurious"?
Dave Berry
When I went to college (Oh, no, not another wretched reminiscence !), we had one payphone located halfway between opposite ends of the dorm floor. The "common" room was a basement space with no windows that had a smallish TV bolted to the upper part of a wall. There were maybe a dozen or so cheap plastic chairs facing the TV and a lonely vending machine offered ancient candy bars for our social gatherings. Batman filled the room to near capacity every week.
Compare that to some of today's college dorms. Maybe dorm life today might give some insights into why some colleges' sticker prices are nudging $70,000 per year.
I like to keep tabs on the latest trends in dorm life, so I did a little research and found an impressive number of links to articles about "luxurious" campus residential facilities. I thought I would dazzle you with some of the details about them.
Keep in mind as you read about these living quarters that choosing to go to a school just because it might have a feature or two (or more) in their dorms that appeals to you might not be the best reason to enroll in that school. You would never do that, would you?
One of the more interesting articles I found about dorm luxury is 15 College Dorms with Crazy-Awesome Amenities. It portrays upscale (sometimes way upscale) student living quarters that you may overlook when visiting the schools mentioned. Let's take a look at some of the high-life highlights.
The Fastweb article begins with quite an impressive prelude:
Why live in a cell-like dorm when you can have the comforts of home? Or, perhaps even, an upgrade from home.
Many of these dorms are more luxury resort hotels than typical college residence halls.
Some schools have one ultra-fancy dorm (specified), while others have dorms that are so luxurious, we couldn't pick just one.
Chances are that students living on campus at any the following schools are living the dream.
Here's a selection of five from the (sometimes surprisingly unexpected or even relatively unknown) 15 examples cited:
"High Point University Residence Halls —
Students who don't commute are required to live on-campus until senior year, but you don't hear many of them complaining about the policy.
Swimming pools, hot tubs, a first-run movie theater with free snacks, an arcade, putting green and free ice cream truck are among the amenities available within this university's lavish facilities. Plus, one residence hall is pet-friendly.
Honestly, all of the residence halls at High Point are awesome.
For example, there is Centennial Square, the upperclassmen facility, which is comprised of 50 town homes.
The school's website details that "each town home consists of a double occupancy room on the first floor, four single bedrooms with semi-private bathrooms on the second floor, and one single bedroom with a private bathroom on the third floor. Some amenities include; shared living area, dining room, full-size kitchen (which includes a dishwasher), and laundry room in each facility, as well as access to the Centennial Square Center, which includes learning commons, study space, recreation facilities and post office."
For first-year students there's Finch Hall.
"The rooms are double and single occupancy and are arranged in suites; rooms in Finch feature a connecting bath with a walk-in shower. Each floor has a common lounge featuring pool tables, air hockey tables, plasma televisions, and comfortable furniture to study or just relax."
There's an on-campus steakhouse, 1924 Prime Steakhouse, where students are able to use their meal plan points to enjoy a weekly five-course meal.
There's also the "Campus Concierge." Which provides, complimentary GPS units, Kindles, iPads, TI-89 calculators and, of course, a dry cleaning service.
Learn more about residence life and High Point University's awesome amenities here."
"St. Leo University's Residence Halls —
At Saint Leo, you can appreciate the wonders of nature by peering into a 2,100-gallon aquarium, which was featured on Animal Planet's Tanked.
When you need to unwind or take a break from studying, there's a relaxation room with "nap pods," which play soothing music to help calm student stresses.
Common areas also include a fitness room, a game room with pool tables, pinball and foosball tables and video games.
Want to get some sun and exercise in on a beautiful day? An outdoor sand volleyball court is located between Henderson and Benoit Halls.
Learn more about the perks of residence life at St.Leo University here."
"MIT's Simmons Hall —
Simmons Hall at MIT is the place to live. Not only is the building known for its architectural awards, it contains lounges with huge TVs, PS3s and Rokus for streaming music or movies.
Additionally, most floors have their own dining hall, movie theaters and laundry rooms. And, for when students get really stressed, there's a giant ball pit to play in.
Discover residence life at MIT here."
"Washington University in St. Louis' South 40 —
Students are sure to get a good night's rest on the TempurPedic mattresses included in each dorm room.
Plus, who wants to do their own laundry? The dorms have a student-run laundry service dubbed Wash-U-Wash, which picks up student's dirty laundry and washes it for them within two days.
Learn more about Washington University's South 40 here."
"Colorado State University's Academic Village —
Specifically built for first-year engineering and honors students, this building featured single and double rooms with their own bathrooms.
The dining hall offers theme menus, like Stone Hearth Pizza and Mongolian Grill. When students need to relax, they can gather in the fireside lounge, perhaps while they check online to see if any of the high-tech washing machines are free.
Learn more about residence halls at Colorado State University here."
It's hard for me to believe the level to which college dorm living has improved since my days of the windowless cinder block "lounge," complete with a complementary (and crummy) candy machine. So, enjoy modern higher education!
Be sure to see my other college-related articles on College Confidential.
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I put my location in like the instructions & when I change page & come bk to home page location changes !
Have the same problem. It lists St.Joseph, MO and I have NEVER lived there nor do I know anyone there. It is very irritating when you have to change location EVERY time to check my local weather!! Please fix this, it has been going on far too long.
I have the same problem, have to set location every time i start up.


text:
Q: Cohomology of elementary Abelian p-group Let $E=(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^n$, an elementary Abelian p-group.
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0.
There is a good description of $H^*(E,F^{\times})$ where $F$ is a field of characteristic $p$ Is there a description of $H^*(E,k^{\times})$ where $k$ is a field of characteristic 0?
The goal is to describe $H^3(E,k^{\times})$ as an $Aut(E)\cong GL_n(\mathbb{F}_p)$-module.

A: Since your $E$, or its classifying space $\mathbf{B} E$, is $p$-local, the features of $k^\times$ that you want to study are $p$-torsion and $p$-divisibility; you can go about that several ways, but because the group structure on $k^\times$ is multiplication in the field, these translate to studying $p$th roots of unity and $p$th roots of non-roots-of-unity.  There should be a coefficients long exact sequence,
$$ H^l(E,k^\times) \overset{p}\to H^l(E,k^\times) \to H^l(E,k^\times / k^{\times p}) \overset\beta\to H^{l+1}(E,k^\times) $$
Also, you will have to be much more specific about what field $k$ you're actually looking at; for instance, $\mathbb{Q}$ has almost no $p$th roots, and $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$ has all of them, while ${\mathbb{Q}}^\mathrm{Ab}$ has $p$-divisible $p$-torsion.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
FMI Launches Animated Video Series
ARLINGTON, Va. — Food Marketing Institute here has launched the first in a planned animated video series presenting information about food retailing.
The first video, "Americans Go to the Supermarket 1.7 Times per Week," features research from FMI's 2013 "Trends" report about consumer shopping frequency among different formats. It features a one-minute-plus slide-show style presentation with background music.
The animated series is being produced with Washington, D.C.-area web design and e-marketing agency Matrix Group.
"As the voice of the food retail industry, FMI continues to invest in research that maps the changing food retail landscape and identifies new ways of presenting the trends in its vast library," FMI said in a statement. "The supermarket facts video series, resulting from the creative collaboration between FMI and Matrix Group, brings to life these major industry trends."
'Trends' Report Outlines Opportunities in Evolving Retail Landscape
FMI Responds to '20/20' Supermarket Report
FMI Names New Private Brands VP
FMI Partners With Traceability System


text:
Heavenly Guardian
Starfish SD
Wii & PlayStation 2
JP: Starfish SD
NA: UFO Interactive Games
EU: 505 Games
JP: Joyfulstar
NA: Ninja Games Japan
EU: Ninja Games Japan
WW: Joyfulstar
PlayStation 2, PlayStation Network, Wii, Nintendo Switch, Microsoft Windows
JP: December 20, 2007
NA: April 22, 2008
EU: December 5, 2008
NA: February 26, 2008
EU: June 27, 2008
JP: July 17, 2013
NA: October 8, 2013
NA: March 28, 2019
EU: March 28, 2019
WW: March 20, 2019
Mode(s)
Single-player, multiplayer
Heavenly Guardian, known in Japan as Yukinko Daisenpuu ~Sayuki to Koyuki no Hie-Hie Daisoudou~ (雪ん娘大旋風~さゆきとこゆきのひえひえ大騒動~, translated on Starfish's site as "Snow Girls Winter Blast") and in Europe as Legend of Sayuki, is a scrolling shooter game developed by Starfish SD. The developer self-published the title in Japan, while UFO Interactive Games and 505 Games published the game in North America and Europe respectively. It was released on the Wii and PlayStation 2 (PS2) in all three regions. This title was originally going to be released as a sequel to Pocky & Rocky from the SNES. Due to legal issues with Square Enix they were forced to change the title and characters while maintaining the core game play.
The story is different in single- and multi-player modes, but the gameplay remains identical.
In single player, the story centers around the snow goddess Sayuki's love for a boy who lives in a nearby village. Upon visiting the village one day, she learns that the boy has fallen under a curse, sleeping permanently. Sayuki then travels across the land with her pet snow rabbit, Toto, to find the ingredients for the cure to his curse.
In multiplayer, the story is about a beauty contest held by the Snow Goddess Tribe. Sayuki and her younger sister, Koyuki, decide to compete for first place. The contest is a trial race for the two sisters to destroy the most ghosts and collect the most snowballs in their path,
Heavenly Guardian, like the Kiki KaiKai series, is a scrolling shooter where the player moves a character in any direction and fire projectiles at enemies. It can be played alone, or cooperatively with a second player controlling Sayuki's sister, Koyuki. In single-player, Sayuki is followed by Toto, her pet snow rabbit, who shoots freezing shots in the same direction Sayuki attacks.
Upon defeating bosses in the story mode, they can be rebattled in the Boss Attack mode.
The Wii version can only be played using both the Wii Remote and Nunchuk. Unlike the PS2 version, which only allows the player to fire the direction a character is facing, the Wii version offers the option to aim and fire with the Wii Remote's pointer. This can either be permanently on (called "FlameIN" on the option menu) or be switched on by holding the Z button on the Nunchuk. While aiming you cannot use Toto's freezing shots as he acts as the cursor.
Development[edit]
Heavenly Guardian was originally an intended GameCube and later Wii sequel to Taito's Kiki KaiKai series (better known as Pocky & Rocky outside Japan) called simply "Kiki KaiKai 2". The game was canceled, as Starfish SD lost the Kiki KaiKai license, but would later resurface as a Wii game entitled "Kiki Kai World". This version was mostly similar to the canceled Wii game, but with the main character's miko outfit recolored from red to blue. Instead of being a direct sequel to the original, it was more of a spiritual successor, as to avoid legal issues with Taito and its parent company, Square Enix.[1]
To further separate the game from Kiki KaiKai, the graphics and theme of the game were completely redone, replacing the miko heroine with a snow goddess named Sayuki. When approached about the subject, a company spokesperson said "To make a long story short, Taito, who is now owned by Square [Enix], had some issues with us and we had to let the title go," implying that Square Enix was the reason behind the initial cancellation.
Although Starfish chose to only release a Wii version in Japan, UFO released a PS2 version in North America, due to having control over the release platforms in the region.[2] 505 Games is also releasing both versions in Europe.
Reception[edit]
Although just a few magazines reviewed the game, Heavenly Guardian received poor ratings by the press. GameSpot reviewer Kevin VanOrd gave the PlayStation 2 version of the game a 3.0 out of 10.0 in his review, citing archaic mechanics and frustrating gameplay as negative aspects of the game. He closed his review with "Don't be fooled by the promise of fun throwback gameplay. Heavenly Guardian may look to the past, but it is too bland and frustrating to evoke fond memories of 'the good old days.'"
IGN editor Sam Bishop also reviewed both versions of Heavenly Guardian, rating it with 4.0 out of 10.0, stating in his closing comments, "Heavenly Guardian is an affront to everything that games are now and were back in the day."[3][4]
^ "Full Kiki Kai World Details: PS2 This Year, Wii 2008" blog.wired.com. URL Accessed on June 8, 2008
^ "UFO Interactive Games discusses Heavenly Guardian and The Monkey King" www.siliconera.com. URL Accessed on June 8, 2008
^ PS2 review
^ Wii review
Official website (in Japanese)
Archived Kiki KaiKai 2 site (in Japanese)
Overview of the Pocky & Rocky series
KiKi KaiKai / Pocky & Rocky series
Pocky & Rocky
Pocky & Rocky 2
Pocky & Rocky with Becky
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heavenly_Guardian&oldid=933594131"
2007 video games
PlayStation Network games
Scrolling shooters
Video games developed in Japan
Video games with isometric graphics
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Unauthorized video games
Articles using Infobox video game using locally defined parameters
Articles using Wikidata infoboxes with locally defined images
Articles with Japanese-language sources (ja)


text:
Université de Nantes, IGARUN
Campus du Tertre - BP81227
44312 Nantes Cedex 3 (France)
Email: brice.trouillet@univ-nantes.fr
Website: http://www.univ-nantes.fr/trouillet-b
Education & career:
2007-present: Faculty member, University of Nantes, France
2020-...: Full Professor (professeur des universités)
2017-2018: Visiting Professor, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada (one-year sabbatical)
2007-2020: Associate Professor (maître de conférences)
2018: Habilitation (French degree needed to access the rank of full professor), University of Nantes, France
2004: PhD in Geography, University of Nantes, France
1999: Master in Geography, University of Nantes, France
1997: Bachelor in Geography & Planning, University of Rennes 2, France
Key interests:
Education (research-based)
MSP processes
Power relations
Spatial theory
Current teaching activities:
Maritime geography, GIS/mapping, Thesis supervision (to date: 73 Master dissert. and 6 PhD dissert.).
I've also been the Director of the Master "Geography & Planning of Maritime spaces" (2011-2015), created in 1976 in the University of Nantes.
Available for teaching/education:
Supervision/offer of internships
Supervision/offer of thesis projects (Bachelor/Master)
Research activities:
I am a geographer whose research focuses on the relations between human groups and maritime space. Through the lens of STS and critical approaches, I particularly use the case of fisheries in marine spatial planning to study how power relations and knowledge issues intertwine in (geo)technological devices (data, types of knowledge, planning documents, mapping features) that ultimately shape 'socio-technical agencements' forming an intermediate with the marine 'environment'.
My researches are developed within the CNRS lab LETG (of which I have been deputy director between 2015 and 2020) and in relation with the IUML, the marine and coastal research consortium of the University of Nantes.
I am currently involved in 7 research programs:
Chaire maritime (coord. Brice Trouillet; University of Nantes' Fondation, 2018-2023),
COP-VALPENA (coord. Brice Trouillet; European Union, EMFF, 2018-2022),
Data-Map (coord. Brice Trouillet; WEAMEC, 2021-2024),
Fish2Sustainability (coord. R. Devillers, IRD; Belmont Forum, 2021-2023),
Knowledge flows in MSP (coord. L. Schroeder, Univ. Aalborg; European Union, Erasmus +, 2019-2022),
Multi-Frame (coord. S. Altvater, s.Pro; Belmont Forum, JPI Ocean and Future Earth, 2020-2022)
PADDLE (coord. M. Bonnin, IRD; European Union, H2020-MSCA-RISE, 2017-2022).
Since 2007, I received 6 grants for research programs as coordinator, and I have been involved in 14 others as a participant or as a WP leader.
Follow @chaire_maritime
Selected publications (up to 5):
Trouillet, B., & Jay, S. (2021) The complex relationships between marine protected areas and marine spatial planning: Towards an analytical framework. Marine Policy, 127, 104441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104441
Said, A., & Trouillet, B. (2020) Bringing 'Deep knowledge' of fisheries into marine spatial planning. Maritime Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-020-00178-y
Trouillet, B. (2020) Reinventing marine spatial planning: a critical review of initiatives worldwide. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 22(4), 441-459. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2020.1751605
Trouillet, B. (2019) Aligning with dominant interests: the role played by geo-technologies in the place given to fisheries in marine spatial planning. Geoforum, 107, 54-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.10.012
Trouillet, B., Bellanger-Husi, L., El Ghaziri, A., Lamberts, C., Plissonneau, E., & Rollo, N. (2019) More than maps: Providing an alternative for fisheries and fishers in marine spatial planning. Ocean & Coastal Management, 173, 90-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.02.016
Trouillet, B., Guineberteau, T., de Cacqueray, M., & Rochette, J. (2011) Planning the sea: The French experience. Contribution to marine spatial planning perspectives. Marine Policy, 35 (3), 324-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2010.10.012
See also CV-HAL, ORCID, Loop science, Google scholar
Ocean Multi-Use
Hamburg Workshop Outputs - September 2019
MSP; Land-Sea interactions; Spatial imaginaries; Spatial strategies
Social and Cultural Values
Social and Cultural Values in MSP
cultural value
Comparative Analysis of MSP
Participation and Power Relations
Participation and Power Relations in MSP
No files.


Chile is the longest country in the world, with the Pacific and the Andes mercilessly sandwiching the strip of land from top to bottom. Along the mountain range there are nearly two thousand volcanoes, and the country lives under the whims of its 80 active ones. With each tectonic divergence, the craters and fissures take turns in spewing out lava that later becomes andesite, a lightweight rock mainly used as filler for road construction. It is, basically, waste.
Since 2013, the Santiago-based architecture and design firm has embarked on a study of the potential applications of the igneous chunks. The results are now on display in Friedman Benda's Manufactured Landscapes, an exhibition made up of objects and furniture that incorporate bits of the country in every piece.
The most tangible instance of this material sourcing is the Remolten series, made through a process that heats up andesite to reshape ceramics the way lava reshapes the Chilean soil. But there's one clear difference between the two: the gt2P team members are lovers of data and precision. Guillermo Parada, Tamara Pérez, Sebastián Rozas, Eduardo Arancibia and Víctor Imperiale are a mix of architects and engineers trained in parametric design, which they first used to devise large-scale commercial structures. In 2013, they applied the same principles to create an analogue clay printer, combining the simplicity of a dripping muslin cloth with the complexity of real-time gravitational computations —think of it as a wickedly specialised coffee cloth filter. The project, which successfully produced catch-all ceramic containers, was dubbed Less CPP: Catenary Pottery Printer. But with all that clay lying around the studio, something else happened: a client gifted them a lava chunk from the Chaitén volcano. They realised that, against their theories, a porous volcanic rock actually melts at the same temperature porcelain is fired —between 1,260 and 1,300 Celsius degrees instead of the expected 800. They started putting andesite on top of ceramic in the kiln, and that's when the Remolten prototypes were born. "We realised that our imaginary was also melting with our culture and our landscape," explains Guillermo Parada, one of gt2P's founders.
In Chile, one can literally walk up to a volcano and pick up mounds of the perplexingly abundant basaltic andesite. Nobody really wants it. Geologists don't necessarily study its applications. The only people interested in it are national security experts, who need to know about the chemical components of eruptions in order to determine new contamination and fertilisation trails. They were the ones who advised the designers to pick up rocks from the slow-forming lava rivers on the slope instead of those that came from the violent ash plumes: the fast eruptions coat the rocks in acid, making them more fragile and less apt for the melting process. And the rawer a rock is, the better it works as a ceramic coating agent —as it cools down, the former transfers its strength to the latter. The team then started sourcing materials from the Chaitén and the Osorno, located in the south near the salmon powerhouse of Puerto Montt, and the Villarrica, one of the most active hotheads in the nation.
Hoping to control outside elements comes second nature to Latin Americans, and wanting to reign in the unstoppable force of volcanoes is a direct manifestation of that sense of survival. That's why the seemingly haphazard surfaces of the Remolten planters, stools and tables are actually defined by different temperature curves —it's a family of processes they've called paracrafting, a way of crafting for the digital age that combines objective parameters with customisable analogue production. That's where the smooth trapelco, the dripping mahuanco and the rough quitralco come from.
The results were quickly celebrated, and in 2017 Remolten made it to the list of nominees of the Beazley Designs of the Year at the London Design Museum. Quite deserved, considering that thanks to this collection one can, in a controlled way, get to sit on a Chilean volcano.
The other thing these objects can do is attempt to raise from the dead a heritage trade that was decimated by the competitive pricing of the Chinese market: ceramics. "We can work with lava in the same production chain as ceramics, and that has the potential to revitalise an entire industry," Parada says. The infrastructure and the know-how is already there. Now, with the Chilean government's interest in funding process development instead of only focusing on visual arts or traditional industrial design —gt2P is in part a product of the development initiatives of programmes such as the Ministry of Culture's Área de Diseño—, andesite might become a little more difficult to source. "Chile realised that we need to be experimental: that's where the possibility of generating knowledge and industry lies," the architect explains.
The Manufactured Landscapes exhibition also features Suple, a series of connecting walnut furniture —a table, a shelf, a chandelier that looks like a bench and a bench that looks like a chandelier— inspired by basaltic rocks, fallen trees at the edge of the Petrohué river and dry trunks surrounded by forests and volcanoes.
There's also Less CPP N2, a derivation of the pottery printer project that uses the initial process to create lighting elements made with liquid clay and volcanic lava. When heated, the viscous element solidifies the shape; as it cools down, it contracts, giving porcelain that looks flimsy an inordinate strength.
The Imaginary Geographies series was inspired by Nicanor Parra, a poet and one of the country's most clear-eyed social observers. Although he died earlier this year at the age of 103, his thoughts live on in works like the audio recording that mixes a reading of The Imaginary Man —a poem that describes how human feelings can transform the territory— with the sound of mountain wind. That recording was digitally interpreted by a carving tool on the surface of a coffee table and a credenza, made with local lenga wood and sandblasted basalt. Both surprising and unsurprisingly, the result looks somewhat like the omnipresent peaks that border the country.
Parra, by the way, started his professional life as a physicist, and later became a poet. That duality appears to be quite common in the land of the Andes: the gt2P team, for instance, set out to work with highly controllable design parameters and, in the process, ended up producing pieces that poetically capture the unpredictable qualities of the country they inhabit. It seems that, in the hands of its designers, Chile can be both land and landscape.
The analogue cloth slip casting process takes into account the variables of the amount of porcelain layers, gravity, cloth texture, translucency and reinforcement of the porcelain components with lava, as well as firing temperature, to obtain the final shape.
Casting within the fabric drape determines the exterior shape, and so, the number of times this process is done determines the thickness of the pieces.
The shape of the wall lights and chandeliers with LED lighting is obtained with the technique given by the Catenary Pottery Printer.
The variable translucency of porcelain can be controlled with the number of layers that are added while filling the curves, a subtle stratigraphy that can be seen when the piece is illuminated.
Theoretically, volcanic stone should start to melt at 800°C, but the stones collected from the Chaitén and Villarrica volcanoes started to melt only at 1260°C, achieving a workable and controllable viscosity at 1300°C, which coincides with the firing temperature of porcelain.
Throughout the Chilean mainland, there are at least 2,000 volcanoes. Of these, only 500 are considered geologically active; 60 have a recorded history of eruptions in the last 450 years, with a total of around 300 eruptions for that period.
The collaboration with Friedman Benda is a practical research project to develop a physical parametric methodology —called paracrafting— for the production of pieces in "remolten" volcanic lava.
With the coating method, lava is ground to obtain specific grain sizes and then used to coat objects made of materials with great resistance to high temperatures, such as stoneware, porcelain and refractory concrete.
In this method, lava is ground to a granulated state. It is then pre-cast, cooled and subsequently re-melted in high-temperature kilns. Stamped moulds made of non-meltable powder at 1300 °C are used. These are then placed in uncovered boxes made of stoneware or refractory plaster.
The convex polygon is initially calculated from multiple cubic volumes, placed into a spatial relationship. The goal is to create a liminal situation, in which both the object's usual purpose and other open functionalities, which are completely indeterminate, appear simultaneously.
The second Suple family originates from angled lines intersecting at a single point. Unlike the monolithic space-containment units of the Bounding Form series, is materialised as a connective element (a literal "centrepiece") into which linear elements can be inserted.
The Andes range, with an average height of 5,000 metres, is the geographical barrier that separates Chile from the world. "The mountains mould our culture and loom large in our national imagination, both geographically and visually," explained Guillermo Parada.
The Imaginary Geographies proposes a geometric and material reconstruction of the geographic icon. This table, for example, was cross-inspired by the sound frequencies of a reading of poet Nicanor Parra's The Imaginary Man.


David R. Hanson is a Software Engineer at Google. Before joining Google in December, 2004, he was a Senior Researcher at Microsoft Research from 1997-2004 and Professor of Computer Science at Princeton University from 1986-97. He has been on the faculty at Yale and the University of Arizona, and he was Dept. Head at Arizona from 1981-86. His visiting appointments include the University of Utah, the Institute for Defense Analyses, Adobe Systems, and Digital's System Research Center. He was co-editor of Software--Practice and Experience from 1980-88 and continues to serve on its editorial board, and he is co-editor of the Princeton University Press Series in Computer Science. He has published many journal and conference papers and two books: A Retargetable C Compiler: Design and Implementation (with Chris Fraser), which describes lcc, a widely used compiler for Standard C, and C Interfaces and Implementations: Techniques for Creating Reusable Software. He earned a PhD in Computer Science in 1976 from the University of Arizona.
too many details to exploit(esp, understand c std feature), so it's a tough work and require great patience to craft a c compiler.
We often use the preprocessor that comes with the GNU C compiler.


text:
000012188478 | 3 Munster Court Bollo Bridge Road Acton Ealing W3 8UU
Planning Applications (24)
Reserved matters application for Phase 6 of the Acton Gardens masterplan detailing Landscaping, Appearance, Scale, Access and Layout in relation to the construction of two buildings varying between six and ten storeys high containing 308 residential units; provision of Class A1, A3, B1 and D1 uses at ground floor including the provision of a Community Centre, Youth Centre, Nursery/Early Start, Medical Centre, Cafe, offices and retail units, and provision of public open space; associated private and semi-private amenity space, refuse/recycling and bicycle storage, energy plant rooms, on and off-street parking spaces, works to public highway and public realm improvements, following the demolition of Charles Hocking House, Hardy Court and Oak Tree community centre; application made part pursuant to Conditions 2 (Reserved Matters), 4 (Reserved Matters Details), 5 (Details of Public Realm Landscaping), 6 (Energy Strategy), 11 (Noise Mitigation Measures), 16 (Flood Risk Assessment), 18 (Tree Protection), 19 (Refuse and Recycling Enclosures), 20 (Archaeological Investigation), 22 (Rainwater and / or Greywater Recycling Systems), 25 (Boundary Treatments), 26 (CCTV, Security Lighting, Post Boxes, Entry Systems) of outline planning permission LBE ref: P/2012/0708, dated 13/08/2013 (amended by minor material amendment application PP/2014/2142 dated 21/07/2014 and P/2014/6303 dated 31/03/2015) for the multi-Phased regeneration of the South Acton Estate.
Ref. No: 160793RES | Status: Granted with Conditions
Minor material amendment application for variation of conditions 3 (approved drawings), 18 (tree protection), 28 (Lifetime Homes), 31 (BREEAM), 36 (provision of Central Plaza in construction programme) and 42 (non-residential floorspace) of outline planning permission P/2012/0708 dated 13/08/2012 (as amended by P/2014/2142 and P/2014/6303) to facilitate minor changes to building heights, development zones, ground floor uses and floorspaces, phasing, public open space for Phase 6 and tree retention strategy for Phases 5 and 6 of the South Acton Estate regeneration masterplan for 'Outline planning application (reserving Appearance; Means of Access; Landscaping; Layout and Scale for later determination) for the continued regeneration of the South Acton Estate comprising of the demolition of buildings locations specified in the site address (including residential units, 521sqm of retail shops, 2,434sqm of community/ office facilities, hotel, garages and associated areas) and the erection of a maximum of 2,350 residential units, a maximum of 1,050sqm of flexible A1 (retail) / A3 (restaurant and cafe) / B1 (office) / D1 (community) uses, of which 600sqm is to be A1 (retail) use, a further 2,348sqm of D1 (community) / B1 (office) space (to include a minimum of 926sqm for provision of a community centre and youth club), energy centre, alterations to allotments, re-sited and enhanced open space and play facilities, landscaping, highway works and 1,128 car parking spaces' (original application was EIA Application).
Ref. No: 160794VAR | Status: Granted with Conditions
Request for a Screening Opinion under regulation 5 of the Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2011 (as amended) in respect of a minor material amendment application (under Section 73 of the T&CP Act) to vary conditions 3 (approved parameter plans), 18 (tree retention programme), 28 (Lifetime Homes), 31 (BREEAM), 36 (provision of Central Plaza in construction programme) and 42 (maximum quantum of non-residential floorspace) of planning permission P/2012/0708 dated 13/08/2013 for Outline planning application (reserving Appearance; Means of Access; Landscaping; Layout and Scale for later determination) for the continued regeneration of the South Acton Estate comprising of the demolition of buildings locations specified in the site address (including residential units, 521sqm of retail shops, 2,434sqm of community/ office facilities, hotel, garages and associated areas) and the erection of a maximum of 2,350 residential units, a maximum of 1,050sqm of flexible A1 (retail) / A3 (restaurant and cafe) / B1 (office) / D1 (community) uses, of which 600sqm is to be A1 (retail) use, a further 2,348sqm of D1 (community) / B1 (office) space (to include a minimum of 926sqm for provision of a community centre and youth club), energy centre, alterations to allotments, re-sited and enhanced open space and play facilities, landscaping, highway works and 1,128 car parking spaces (EIA Application) (and subsequently amended by non-material amendment applications LBE refs: P/2014/6303 approval dated 31/03/2015 and PP/2014/2142 approval dated 21/07/2014).
Ref. No: 160809SCE | Status: Environmental Statement Not required
Non-material amendment under Section 96a of the Town & Country Planning Act (1990) (as amended) to amend the description of development of outline planning permission ref: P/2012/0708 dated 13/08/2013 (as amended by refs: P/2014/2142, P/2014/6303 and 160794VAR) to correspond with the Phase 6 Reserved Matters Application (LBE ref: 160793RES) and minor material amendment application (LBE ref: 160794VAR). The amended description is: 'Outline planning application (reserving Appearance; Means of Access; Landscaping; Layout and Scale for later determination) for the continued regeneration of the South Acton Estate comprising of the demolition of buildings locations specified in the site address (including residential units, 521sqm of retail shops, 2,434sqm of community/ office facilities, hotel, garages and associated areas) and the erection of a maximum of 2,350 residential units, a maximum of 1,068sqm of flexible A1 (retail) / A3 (restaurant and cafe) / B1 (office) / D1 (community) uses, of which 600sqm is to be A1 (retail) use, a further 2,992sqm of D1 (community) / B1 (office) space (to include a minimum of 926sqm for provision of a community centre and youth club), energy centre, alterations to allotments, re-sited and enhanced open space and play facilities, landscaping, highway works and 1,128 car parking spaces'.
Ref. No: 161240NMA | Status: Approved
Details of Archaeological Evaluation for Phase 6, pursuant to condition 20 of planning permission reference 160794VAR dated 09.12.2016 for the Phased regeneration of the South Acton Estate.
Ref. No: 170096CND | Status: Approved
Details of Ground Investigation Report for Phase 6 of the South Acton Estate regeneration masterplan, part pursuant to condition 15 of planning permission 160794VAR dated 09/12/2016 for the multi-phased regeneration of the South Acton Estate.
Details of the biodiversity (green/brown) roofs for phase 6 of the South Acton Estate regeneration masterplan, part pursuant to condition 21 of planning permission 160794VAR dated 09/12/2016 for the multi-phased regeneration of the South Acton Estate.
Details of climate change mitigation strategy for Phase 6, part pursuant to condition 6 of planning permission 160794VAR dated 09/12/2016 for the multi-phased regeneration of the South Acton Estate.
Ref. No: 171175REM | Status: Approved
Details of external lighting proposals for Phase 6, part pursuant to condition 10 of planning permission ref.160794VAR dated 09/12/2016 for the multi-phased regeneration of the South Acton Estate.
Details of noise mitigation for Phase 6, pursuant to condition 11 of planning permission reference 160794VAR dated 09.12.2016 for the multi-phased regeneration of the South Acton Estate.
Details of a Site Waste Management Plan for Phase 6 of the South Acton Estate regeneration masterplan, pursuant to condition 9 of planning permission reference 160794VAR dated 09.12.2016 for the phased regeneration of the South Acton Estate.
Details of construction method statement part pursuant to condition 8 of planning permission ref: 160794VAR dated 09.12.2016 for "Minor material amendment application for variation of conditions 3 (approved drawings), 18 (tree protection), 28 (Lifetime Homes), 31 (BREEAM), 36 (provision of Central Plaza in construction programme) and 42 (non-residential floorspace) of outline planning permission P/2012/0708 dated 13/08/2012 (as amended by P/2014/2142 and P/2014/6303) to facilitate minor changes to building heights, development zones, ground floor uses and floorspaces, phasing, public open space for Phase 6 and tree retention strategy for Phases 5 and 6 of the South Acton Estate regeneration masterplan for 'Outline planning application (reserving Appearance; Means of Access; Landscaping; Layout and Scale for later determination) for the continued regeneration of the South Acton Estate comprising of the demolition of buildings locations specified in the site address (including residential units, 521sqm of retail shops, 2,434sqm of community/ office facilities, hotel, garages and associated areas) and the erection of a maximum of 2,350 residential units, a maximum of 1,050sqm of flexible A1 (retail) / A3 (restaurant and cafe) / B1 (office) / D1 (community) uses, of which 600sqm is to be A1 (retail) use, a further 2,348sqm of D1 (community) / B1 (office) space (to include a minimum of 926sqm for provision of a community centre and youth club), energy centre, alterations to allotments, re-sited and enhanced open space and play facilities, landscaping, highway works and 1,128 car parking spaces' (original application was EIA Application)."
Details of the piling method statement for Phase 6, pursuant to condition 14 of planning permission reference 160794VAR dated 09.12.2016 for the multi-phased regeneration of the South Acton Estate
Details of noise from plant and machinery for Phase 6, pursuant to condition 12 of planning permission reference 160794VAR dated 09.12.2016 for the Phased regeneration of the South Acton Estate
Details of air pollution mitigation measures for Phase 6 pursuant to condition no.13 of planning permission reference 160794VAR dated 09.12.2016 for the multi-phased regeneration of the South Acton Estate
Details of the dynamic thermal modelling for that apartment building pursuant to planning ref: 160793RES dated 24.05.2016 for a Reserved matters application for Phase 6 of the Acton Gardens masterplan detailing Landscaping, Appearance, Scale, Access and Layout in relation to the construction of two buildings varying between six and ten storeys high containing 308 residential units; provision of Class A1, A3, B1 and D1 uses at ground floor including the provision of a Community Centre, Youth Centre, Nursery/Early Start, Medical Centre, Cafe, offices and retail units, and provision of public open space; associated private and semi-private amenity space, refuse/recycling and bicycle storage, energy plant rooms, on and off-street parking spaces, works to public highway and public realm improvements, following the demolition of Charles Hocking House, Hardy Court and Oak Tree community centre; application made part pursuant to Conditions 2 (Reserved Matters), 4 (Reserved Matters Details), 5 (Details of Public Realm Landscaping), 6 (Energy Strategy), 11 (Noise Mitigation Measures), 16 (Flood Risk Assessment), 18 (Tree Protection), 19 (Refuse and Recycling Enclosures), 20 (Archaeological Investigation), 22 (Rainwater and / or Greywater Recycling Systems), 25 (Boundary Treatments), 26 (CCTV, Security Lighting, Post Boxes, Entry Systems) of outline planning permission LBE ref: P/2012/0708, dated 13/08/2013 (amended by minor material amendment application PP/2014/2142 dated 21/07/2014 and P/2014/6303 dated 31/03/2015) for the multi-Phased regeneration of the South Acton Estate.
Details of all street tree pits including their locations, dimensions and depths in relation to ground levels, underground services, car-parking bays and hard landscaping pursuant to condition 24 of planning ref: 160794VAR dated 18/05/2016 for Minor material amendment application for variation of conditions 3 (approved drawings), 18 (tree protection), 28 (Lifetime Homes), 31 (BREEAM), 36 (provision of Central Plaza in construction programme) and 42 (non-residential floorspace) of outline planning permission P/2012/0708 dated 13/08/2012 (as amended by P/2014/2142 and P/2014/6303) to facilitate minor changes to building heights, development zones, ground floor uses and floorspaces, phasing, public open space for Phase 6 and tree retention strategy for Phases 5 and 6 of the South Acton Estate regeneration masterplan for 'Outline planning application (reserving Appearance; Means of Access; Landscaping; Layout and Scale for later determination) for the continued regeneration of the South Acton Estate comprising of the demolition of buildings locations specified in the site address (including residential units, 521sqm of retail shops, 2,434sqm of community/ office facilities, hotel, garages and associated areas) and the erection of a maximum of 2,350 residential units, a maximum of 1,050sqm of flexible A1 (retail) / A3 (restaurant and cafe) / B1 (office) / D1 (community) uses, of which 600sqm is to be A1 (retail) use, a further 2,348sqm of D1 (community) / B1 (office) space (to include a minimum of 926sqm for provision of a community centre and youth club), energy centre, alterations to allotments, re-sited and enhanced open space and play facilities, landscaping, highway works and 1,128 car parking spaces' (original application was EIA Application).
Application for a non-material amendment (S96a) to planning permission Ref: 160793RES dated 31/01/2014 for Application for Reserved Matters (appearance, landscaping, layout and scale) following approval of outline planning permission Ref: P/2012/0708 (as amended by minor material amendment applications PP/2014/2142, dated 21/07/2014 and PP/2014/6303 dated 31/03/2015, 160794VAR dated 09/12/2016) for 'Reserved matters application for Phase 6 of the Acton Gardens masterplan detailing Landscaping, Appearance, Scale, Access and Layout in relation to the construction of two buildings varying between six and ten storeys high containing 308 residential units; provision of Class A1, A3, B1 and D1 uses at ground floor including the provision of a Community Centre, Youth Centre, Nursery/Early Start, Medical Centre, Cafe, offices and retail units, and provision of public open space; associated private and semi-private amenity space, refuse/recycling and bicycle storage, energy plant rooms, on and off-street parking spaces, works to public highway and public realm improvements, following the demolition of Charles Hocking House, Hardy Court and Oak Tree community centre; application made part pursuant to Conditions 2 (Reserved Matters), 4 (Reserved Matters Details), 5 (Details of Public Realm Landscaping), 6 (Energy Strategy), 11 (Noise Mitigation Measures), 16 (Flood Risk Assessment), 18 (Tree Protection), 19 (Refuse and Recycling Enclosures), 20 (Archaeological Investigation), 22 (Rainwater and / or Greywater Recycling Systems), 25 (Boundary Treatments), 26 (CCTV, Security Lighting, Post Boxes, Entry Systems) of outline planning permission LBE ref: P/2012/0708, dated 13/08/2013 (amended by minor material amendment application PP/2014/2142 dated 21/07/2014 and P/2014/6303 dated 31/03/2015) for the multi-Phased regeneration of the South Acton Estate.' Amendment seeking to revise approved drawings of subsequent applications
Ref. No: 182485NMA | Status: Application Withdrawn
Details of materials part pursuant to condition 23 of planning permission ref: 160794VAR dated 09.12.2016 for "Minor material amendment application for variation of conditions 3 (approved drawings), 18 (tree protection), 28 (Lifetime Homes), 31 (BREEAM), 36 (provision of Central Plaza in construction programme) and 42 (non-residential floorspace) of outline planning permission P/2012/0708 dated 13/08/2012 (as amended by P/2014/2142 and P/2014/6303) to facilitate minor changes to building heights, development zones, ground floor uses and floorspaces, phasing, public open space for Phase 6 and tree retention strategy for Phases 5 and 6 of the South Acton Estate regeneration masterplan for 'Outline planning application (reserving Appearance; Means of Access; Landscaping; Layout and Scale for later determination) for the continued regeneration of the South Acton Estate comprising of the demolition of buildings locations specified in the site address (including residential units, 521sqm of retail shops, 2,434sqm of community/ office facilities, hotel, garages and associated areas) and the erection of a maximum of 2,350 residential units, a maximum of 1,050sqm of flexible A1 (retail) / A3 (restaurant and cafe) / B1 (office) / D1 (community) uses, of which 600sqm is to be A1 (retail) use, a further 2,348sqm of D1 (community) / B1 (office) space (to include a minimum of 926sqm for provision of a community centre and youth club), energy centre, alterations to allotments, re-sited and enhanced open space and play facilities, landscaping, highway works and 1,128 car parking spaces' (original application was EIA Application)."
Submission to amend the approved drawings (regularising minor revisions) under Condition 3 of the Reserved Matters Application Ref.160793RES dated 31/01/2014 for 'Phase 6 of the Acton Gardens masterplan comprising the construction of two buildings varying between six and ten storeys high containing 308 residential units' pursuant to outline planning permission Ref: P/2012/0708 dated 13/08/2013 for the 'Multi-phased regeneration of South Acton'.
Ref. No: P193354 | Status: Pending Consideration
Details of the dynamic thermal modelling in pursuant to condition 3 of planning application Ref: 160793RES dated 24.05.2016 for 'Reserved matters application for Phase 6 of the Acton Gardens masterplan detailing Landscaping, Appearance, Scale, Access and Layout in relation to the construction of two buildings varying between six and ten storeys high containing 308 residential units; provision of Class A1, A3, B1 and D1 uses at ground floor including the provision of a Community Centre, Youth Centre, Nursery/Early Start, Medical Centre, Cafe, offices and retail units, and provision of public open space; associated private and semi-private amenity space, refuse/recycling and bicycle storage, energy plant rooms, on and off-street parking spaces, works to public highway and public realm improvements, following the demolition of Charles Hocking House, Hardy Court and Oak Tree community centre; application made part pursuant to Conditions 2 (Reserved Matters), 4 (Reserved Matters Details), 5 (Details of Public Realm Landscaping), 6 (Energy Strategy), 11 (Noise Mitigation Measures), 16 (Flood Risk Assessment), 18 (Tree Protection), 19 (Refuse and Recycling Enclosures), 20 (Archaeological Investigation), 22 (Rainwater and / or Greywater Recycling Systems), 25 (Boundary Treatments), 26 (CCTV, Security Lighting, Post Boxes, Entry Systems) of outline planning permission LBE ref: P/2012/0708, dated 13/08/2013 (amended by minor material amendment application PP/2014/2142 dated 21/07/2014 and P/2014/6303 dated 31/03/2015) for the multi-Phased regeneration of the South Acton Estate.'
Outline Planning Application for approval of means of access, with all other matters to be reserved (Environmental Impact Assessment Planning Application), for Phase 2 of the 15 year Regeneration of South Acton Estate, consisting of the demolition of Bollo, Maugham, Lawrence, Reade, Shaw, Hardy and Verne Courts, Blackmore and Kipling Towers, Working Men's Club, garages and storage units east side of Shaw Court; construction of 756 Residential Units, 2490m¦ Retail (Class A1), 625m¦ Office (Class A2 & B1) / Food & Drink (Class A3/A4/A5), 997m¦ Live/Work Units, 100m¦ General Industry (Class B2), 1775m¦ Community / Leisure (Class D1 & D2) and a maximum of 617 car parking spaces. Some residential units provided on southern part of Recreation Ground and existing Allotments with relocation of allotments / open space (no net loss in open space).
Ref. No: P/2004/5577 | Status: Conditional Consent
Minor material amendment application (under Section 73 of the Town & Country Planning Act 1990 (as amended)) to vary conditions 5 (Public Open Space) and 33 (Siting of the temporary Youth Centre) of planning permission P/2012/0708 dated 13/08/2013 for Outline planning application (reserving Appearance; Means of Access; Landscaping; Layout and Scale for later determination) for the continued regeneration of the South Acton Estate comprising of the demolition of buildings locations specified in the site address (including residential units, 521sqm of retail shops, 2,434sqm of community/ office facilities, hotel, garages and associated areas) and the erection of a maximum of 2,350 residential units, a maximum of 1,050sqm of flexible A1 (retail) / A3 (restaurant and cafe) / B1 (office) / D1 (community) uses, of which 600sqm is to be A1 (retail) use, a further 2,348sqm of D1 (community) / B1 (office) space (to include a minimum of 926sqm for provision of a community centre and youth club), energy centre, alterations to allotments, re-sited and enhanced open space and play facilities, landscaping, highway works and 1,128 car parking spaces (EIA Application).
Ref. No: PP/2014/2142 | Status: Conditional Consent
Outline planning application (reserving Appearance; Means of Access; Landscaping; Layout and Scale for later determination) for the continued regeneration of the South Acton Estate comprising of the demolition of buildings locations specified in the site address (including residential units, 521sqm of retail shops, 2,434sqm of community/ office facilities, hotel, garages and associated areas) and the erection of a maximum of 2,350 residential units, a maximum of 1,050sqm of flexible A1 (retail) / A3 (restaurant and cafe) / B1 (office) / D1 (community) uses, of which 600sqm is to be A1 (retail) use, a further 2,348sqm of D1 (community) / B1 (office) space (to include a minimum of 926sqm for provision of a community centre and youth club), energy centre, alterations to allotments, re-sited and enhanced open space and play facilities, landscaping, highway works and 1,128 car parking spaces.
Planning Appeals (0)
Planning Enforcements (0)
Licensing Application (0)


text:
The 2009 FUTURES OF AMERICAN STUDIES Institute
Dartmouth College announces
www.dartmouth.edu/~futures
RE-CONFIGURATIONS OF AMERICAN STUDIES
Monday, June 22 – Saturday, June 26, 2009
Director: Donald E. Pease (Dartmouth College)
Co-Directors: Elizabeth Dillon (Northeastern University)
Winfried Fluck (Freie Universitaet, Berlin)
Eric W. Lott (University of Virginia)
Institute Faculty:
Nancy Bentley (University of Pennsylvania), Colleen Boggs (Dartmouth College), Barrymore Anthony Bogues (Brown University), Anna Brickhouse (University of Virginia), Hamilton Carroll (University of Leeds), Christopher Castiglia (Pennsylvania State University), Russ Castronovo (University of Wisconsin), Michael Chaney (Dartmouth College), Tim Dean (State University of New York, Buffalo), Soyica Diggs (Dartmouth College), J. Martin Favor (Dartmouth College), Nancy Fraser (New School), Jeffrey Glover (University of Rochester), Macarena Gomez-Barris (University of Southern California), Judith Halberstam (University of Southern California), Andrew Hebard (Miami University of Ohio), Donatella Izzo (University of Naples), Cindi Katz (City University of New York), George Lipsitz (University of California, Santa Barbara), Lee Medovoi (Portland State University), Klaus Milich (Dartmouth College), José Munoz ( New York University), Alan Nadel (University of Kentucky), Anders Olsson (Upssala University, Sweden), John Carlos Rowe (University of Southern California), José David Saldívar (University of California), Ramon Soto-Crespo (State University of New York, Buffalo), Paul Smith (George Mason University). Maurice Stevens (Ohio State University)
This year of the Institute is the fourth of a four-year focus on "Re-configurations of American Studies." This topic is meant to foreground the reflexive turn in the cultures of American studies both inside and outside the United States. As such, we are inviting both scholars well known as "Americanists" internationally and those whose theoretical frameworks, objects of study, and disciplinary inclinations promise to transform the field's self-understanding.
The Institute is divided into plenary sessions which feature current work from Institute faculty (listed above) and research seminars in which all participants present and discuss their own works-in-progress. Speakers in the plenary sessions will examine the relation between emergent and residual practices in the field of American Studies from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives. The Institute welcomes participants who are involved in a range of disciplinary and interdisciplinary fields and who are interested in current critical debates in American Studies.
The Institute was designed to provide a shared space of critical inquiry that brings the participants' work-in-progress to the attention of a network of influential scholars. Over the past ten years, plenary speakers have recommended participants' work to the leading journals and university presses within the field of American Studies, and have provided participants with recommendations and support in an increasingly competitive job market.
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