text:
Q: How to skip/handle an empty-sheet/No-sheet in R Excel Automation? I am trying to merge/bind a huge set of data. The code for that is written and working fine. The problem comes while trying to combine data where there is no sheet present. Is there any ways by which I can skip the error?
library(tidyverse)
library(xlsx)

files <- list.files(pattern="*.xlsx")

read_Sheet_1 <- lapply(files, readxl::read_excel, sheet = "Sheet 1")
Sheet_1 = do.call(rbind, read_Sheet_1)

read_Sheet_2 <- lapply(files, readxl::read_excel, sheet = "Sheet 2")
Sheet_2 = do.call(rbind, read_Sheet_2)

read_Sheet_3 <- lapply(files, readxl::read_excel, sheet = "Sheet 3")
Sheet_3 = do.call(rbind, read_Sheet_3)

write.xlsx(as.data.frame(Sheet_1), file="Final.xlsx", sheetName="Sheet_1", row.names=FALSE)
write.xlsx(as.data.frame(Sheet_2), file="Final.xlsx", sheetName="Sheet_2", append=TRUE, row.names=FALSE)
write.xlsx(as.data.frame(Sheet_3), file="Final.xlsx", sheetName="Sheet_3", append=TRUE, row.names=FALSE)

Expected Result: Merged rows from each sheets in one Final.xlsx file
Actual Result: Even though the functions merges the rows together. Error comes if there is just 2 sheets in one of the file. Example: File3.xlsx has just "Sheet 1" and "Sheet 3" in it, not "Sheet 2". So this will throw an error for entire "Sheet_2" data frame.

A: You may use safely from the purrr package:
library(tidyverse)
library(xlsx)

files <- list.files(pattern="*.xlsx")

read_excel_safe <- function(file, sheet) {
  read_excel_safely <- safely(readxl::read_excel, otherwise = NULL)
  read_excel_safely(file, sheet = sheet)$result
}

Sheet_1 <- files %>%
  map(.f = read_excel_safe, sheet = 'Sheet 1') %>%
  reduce(rbind)

The function read_excel_safely will return a named list with error and results. If there is an error, result will be NULL. And it should affect the rbind when performing that reduce step.


Food Corporation of India has the recruitment of 641 vacant posts of Watchman in Rajasthan, Hyderabad, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu States. Candidates those have applied for the post should know FCI Syllabus. You are at right place. All the paper work has completed. You are provided with a direct web link to download FCI Watchman Syllabus in coming section of this article.
The concerned authority is ready to conduct the written exam in coming month. Candidates should prefer this given FCI Syllabus Download for the preparation of written exam. All related information about FCI Watchman Vacancy is also given in this article.
A lot of candidates have filled online application form. And all wants to get FCI Watchman Syllabus. Here we will give you FCI Syllabus/Exam Pattern in PDF format. Downloading links are given below. We will tell you the complete selection process and syllabus for Food Corporation of India Exam. Candidates have to work hard as large no. of candidates has applied for watchman post.
We will also upload a direct web link to Download FCI Admit Card soon in given article. This below given FCI Watchman Exam Syllabus as per the official notification. For more updates you can visit the official website of Food Corporation of India.
Here we will give you the complete information about FCI Exam Syllabus in below section. Study this carefully for better score in written part.
The questions will be asked from below given FCI Watchman Exam Syllabus only. There you may see some questions related to food corporation of India. So prepare them well too.
Current Affairs, General Awareness, History, Civic, Geography, Aptitude, Reasoning, English, Numerical Ability etc.
Physical endurance test pattern will be different for male and female candidates and given as follows.
Race 100 meter in 16 seconds.
Candidates must keep in mind these above given specifications are as per the official notification. For detailed notification you can explore the official website of Food Corporation of India.
Here we are providing you some easy steps to download FCI Watchman Syllabus in PDF Format. These are given as follows.
Search FCI Exam Syllabus web portal. Open it and click on download tab to save it.
Now FCI Syllabus/ Exam Pattern download in PDF mode.
The Food Corporation of India will conduct written exam for Watchman Post very soon. A lot of candidates have filled online application form & searching for FCI Watchman Syllabus. You are at right place. We will give you complete selection process later in this post. You can also get the status of your filled application form through below given links. We will provide you a direct link to download FCI Syllabus/ Exam Pattern in PDF format. We will also tell you FCI Watchman Result when it will be announced by the officials. You can get the brief description about FCI Watchman Syllabus in above section of this post. If you have any question in your mind. You can ask us in below given box.


Coeur D'Alene Mines (NYSE:CDE) will be entering a trial with Rye Patch Gold US Inc., a subsidiary of Rye Patch Gold Corp (CVE:RPM), this November over unpatented mining claims.
"The legal dispute stems from competing asserted interests in certain unpatented mining claims covering federal lands near Coeur's Rochester mining operations following Coeur Rochester's inadvertent failure to pay 2011 annual mining claim maintenance fees," writes Coeur D'Alene Mines in a news release.
Couer asserts that its claims are superior; Rye Patch disagrees.
"It is the position of Rye Patch Gold US Inc. that all the LH and OG claims [Rochester Property] are valid senior unpatented lode mining claims, including those claims within the court-ordered enjoined area," writes Rye Patch in its news release.
"Geologic assessment and drilling confirm discoveries on the LH claims and the land area which covers up to 20% of Rochester's published proven and probable silver and gold reserve along with a significant portion of the published silver and gold resource based on Coeur's December 5, 2011."


Next to the Cathedral and the Baptistery is the square base Bell Tower built between 1284 and 1291, and is 63 meters high. The upper part has an elegant three-light window on each side; on top, there's a balustrade with four pendentives on the corners. The Baptistery, covered outside in pink Veronese marble, has on the roof, an elegant balustrade that joins the eight lanterns placed on the corners.


text:
Juana de Artois, condesa de Foix, vizcondesa de Bearne (en francés: Jeanne d'Artois, 1289 - después del 24 de marzo de 1350), era una noble francesa y la esposa de Gastón I de Foix, conde de Foix, vizconde de Bearne. De 1331 a 1347 fue encarcelada por su hijo mayor acusada de conducta escandalosa, disolución y despilfarro. Joan era bisnieta del rey Enrique III de Inglaterra y Leonor de Provenza.

Familia
Juana nació en 1289 en Conches, Francia, era la segunda hija de Felipe de Artois y Blanca de Bretaña. Sus abuelos paternos eran Roberto II de Artois y Amicie de Courtenay, y sus abuelos maternos eran Juan II de Bretaña y Beatriz de Inglaterra, hija del rey Enrique III de Inglaterra y Leonor de Provenza. Juana tenía dos hermanos, Roberto III de Artois, y Othon de Artois; Y cuatro hermanas, Margarita, Isabelle, Marie, y Catalina, condesa de Aumale.
En 1298, cuando Juana tenía nueve años, su padre murió de las heridas que había recibido en la batalla de Furnes en la cual había luchado un año antes.
La tía de Juana era Matilde de Artois con quien su hermano Roberto litigaría para obtener la posesión del Condado de Artois que Matilde había heredado suo jure siendo desafiada por Roberto que creía que el título y las fincas le pertenecían legítimamente después de la muerte de su abuelo Robert II en 1302 en la Batalla de Courtrai. Sin embargo, los derechos de Matilde como condesa suo jure de Artois fueron sostenidos por el rey Felipe IV, y después de su muerte en 1329, el título pasó a su hija, Juana II, condesa palatina de Borgoña y reina consorte del rey Felipe V de Francia.

Matrimonio e hijos
Las cartas del rey Felipe IV, fechadas el 7 de abril de 1299, relatan los acuerdos privados entre el rey y Roger Bernardo III, conde de Foix, relativos a la propuesta de  matrimonio de Juana (que tenía entonces diez años) con el hijo mayor del Conde, Gastón (nacido en 1287).  En octubre de 1301 en Senlis, el contrato de matrimonio se firmó y Juana se casó posteriormente con Gastón de Foix. Cinco meses más tarde, el 3 de marzo de 1302, a la muerte de su padre, Gastón se convirtió en conde de Foix y vizconde de Bearne; Su madre Margarita de Bearne actuó como su regente hasta que alcanzó la mayoría de edad.

Gastón y Joan juntos tuvieron seis hijos:
 Gastón II de Foix, Conde de Foix, Vizconde de Bearne (1308 - 26 de septiembre de 1343), casado en 1327 con Leonor de Comminges (murió después del 16 de mayo de 1365), hija de Bernardo VII, Conde de Comminges y Laura de Montfort, de quien tuvo un hijo, Gastón III, conde de Foix, vizconde de Bearne; también tuvo varios hijos ilegítimos de su amante favorita Marie de Sans de Roncevalles, así como de otras mujeres cuyos nombres no están registrados.
 Roger Bernardo IV de Foix (1310 - después del 24 de marzo de 1350), se casó con Constanza de Luna (1310 - enero 1353), hija de Artal de Luna y Constanza Pérez de Aragón, de quien tuvo tres hijos.
 Roberto de Foix, Obispo de Lavaur
 Margarita de Foix
 Blanca de Foix, se casó en 1328 con Jean de Grailly, vizconde de Castillon, Captal de Buch, de quien tuvo dos hijos, entre ellos Juan III de Grailly, Captal de Buch.
 Juana de Foix (murió en 1358), casada con el Infante Pedro de Aragón, Conde de Ribagorza, Ampurias y Prades, hijo de Jaime II de Aragón y esposa de Blanca de Anjou, de quien tuvo tres hijos, entre ellos Leonor de Aragón y Foix, Reina de Chipre, Reina titular de Jerusalén.

Prisión
La poderosa influencia de Joan sobre su marido Gastón creó un conflicto permanente tanto con la nobleza local como con la administración, que en 1317 solicitó al Parlamento que le quitara la custodia de sus hijos, acusándola de conducta escandalosa, disolución y despilfarro. Una carta de 1317 le impidió legalmente tener la tutela de sus hijos. El marido de Joan había muerto por enfermedad dos años antes el 13 de diciembre de 1315 en Pontoise. A pesar de un compromiso firmado en 1325 en Beaugency, las amargas disputas se hacían más frecuentes entre Juana y su hijo mayor Gastón, que había sucedido a su padre como Conde de Foix. En 1331, el rey Felipe VI autorizó a Gastón a encarcelar a Juana en el castillo de Foix. Más tarde se trasladó a Orthez, y más tarde a Lourdes; Finalmente en 1347, su tercer hijo, el Obispo de Lavaur consiguió su liberación de la prisión y ella se retiró a Carbonne. El historiador francés Jules Michelet sugirió un vínculo entre el encarcelamiento de Juana en 1331 y el hecho de que su hermano Roberto estaba en ese momento siendo acusado por falsificación y practicar brujería contra la vida del rey Felipe VI.
Juana murió en una fecha desconocida en algún momento después del 24 de marzo de 1350.

Ancestros

Referencias

Mujeres
Condes de Foix
Condesas de Francia del siglo XIV
Nobles francesas del siglo XIII

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Optimized geometries of the conformers of permethylated linear pentasilane, n-Si5Me12, were calculated by the HF/3-21G*, MM3, MM2, and MM+ methods, which predict eight, nine, six, and six energetically distinct enantiomeric conformer pairs, respectively, at geometries representing various combinations of the anti (similar to 165 degrees), ortho (similar to 90 degrees), and gauche (similar to 55 degrees) SiSiSiSi dihedral angles in the backbone. The results of the MM2 and MM+ methods, based on the same force field, differ insignificantly. The barriers between conformers appear to be exaggerated by the molecular mechanics methods, particularly MM2. Contour maps showing the groundstate energy as a function of the full range of two backbone SiSiSiSi dihedral angles, with all other geometrical variables optimized, computed by each of the methods (only a limited range of angles near the anti,anti geometry in the case of HF/3-21G*) are compared with each other and with analogous results for a model compound, Si4Me10. Conformer interconversion paths are discussed, and two meso transition states for enantiomer interconversion have been located at the HF/3-21G* level of calculation. At the eight HF/3-21G* optimized geometries, single-point energies (HF/6-31G* and MP2/6-31G*) and vibrational frequencies (HF/3-21G*) were computed. The predicted IR and Raman spectra suggest that about half of the expected conformers will be identifiable by vibrational spectroscopy under conditions of matrix isolation. Relative conformer energies calculated by the MM2 and HF methods are similar and favor the anti dihedral angles over gauche and ortho, in agreement with results of solution experiments. Those calculated by the hIM3 and HF methods are similar to each other and favor both anti and gauche dihedral angles nearly equally over ortho, in agreement with indications provided by gas-phase experiments. A rationalization of these solvent effects is proposed. The energies of the conformers of Si4Me10 and Si3Me12 were used to set up a system of additive increments at the MM2, MM3, HF/3-21G*, HF/6-31G*, and MP2/6-31G* levels of calculation, which can be used to predict conformational energies of longer permethylated oligosilanes. An intrinsic energy value is assigned to each of the a, o, and g dihedral angles, and interaction energy values are assigned to each combination of two dihedral angles. The interaction values follow the expected rules in that equal twist sense is favored for adjacent aa, ag, oo, and gg pairs, whereas opposite twist sense is generally favored for adjacent so and go pairs. The MM3-derived set of increments has been tested against results computed for Si6Me14 and found to perform well.


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text:
The danger to Scotland of unopposed Tory government is real
Posted on 15 May, 2017 15 August, 2018
We all have an equal stake in this country's future – young and old, wherever in Scotland we live and whatever our background.
So over the next month I will play my part in encouraging everyone in every corner of Scotland to use their vote.
Because now, more than ever, it really matters.
Now more than ever, it's vital to have strong voices standing up for Scotland.
The Tories have made their aim clear – they want nothing less than to govern unopposed at Westminster.
And the danger to Scotland of unopposed Tory government is real.
Everyone will pay a heavy price. But it will be those on low incomes and the vulnerable who will pay the highest price of all.
And the impact will be long-lasting and damaging.
That's why it's vital, now more than ever, to have strong SNP voices standing up for Scotland at Westminster.
My pledge to the people of Scotland is this:
We will continue to work hard every day to make Scotland the best country it can be. We can't do anything less. It's in the SNP's DNA.
The Tories know how uncomfortable people feel about Conservative Party policies.
So they've decided not to talk about them. They are ashamed and embarrassed to bring them up.
And no wonder.
They are the party of the Bedroom Tax, of the Rape Clause, of child poverty, of cuts to Scotland's budget, of cuts to disabled support, of student tuition fees.
They are the party of cuts to child tax credits – but also cuts in Income Tax for the richest.
They are the party of new nuclear weapons costing many billions of pounds.
And they are the party of an extreme Brexit at any cost.
A vote for the Tories is a vote for what experts say will be the biggest rise in inequality since the days of Margaret Thatcher.
Under the cover of Brexit the Tories are hoping you won't notice their intentions.
It is the sheer immorality of policies like the Rape Clause and Bedroom Tax that demonstrates the danger of an unopposed Tory government at Westminster.
In the last Parliament it was the strength of the SNP at Holyrood and at Westminster that stopped the Tories introducing a new funding formula for even deeper cuts to Scotland's budget.
But we know the Tories will try again.
So in the next Parliament SNP MPs will be a strong voice for Scotland again. We will do everything we can to stop Tory austerity, and to protect the funding available for the NHS and our other public services.
The Tories say they are fighting back.
They are – but not against the SNP. The Tories are fighting back against a Scottish Parliament they never wanted in the first place.
So in this election there is much at stake.
Things like the future of our Parliament, and the right of the people of Scotland to choose their own future.
And the dangers of an unopposed Tory government with a free hand to do whatever it wants.
That's why from now until June the 8th the SNP will be taking this campaign to every community in Scotland.
It's a campaign we intend to win.
Read more here about the cost of a Tory vote at this election.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


More than one out of seven adolescents are currently overweight or obese, and the majority of these adolescents are expected to experience compromised mental and physical health over their lifetimes. In particular, the literature suggests that overweight adolescents are often dissatisfied with their weight and frequently turn to unhealthy methods in their pursuit of weight loss, ultimately putting them at even higher risk for increased adiposity and eating disorders. Body dissatisfaction and the elevated rates of eating disordered behaviors in this population have rarely been addressed in obesity treatment programs. Few randomized controlled trials of behavioral weight loss programs for adolescents have been reported in the literature and there are no known integrated interventions for weight management and eating disorder prevention reported in the literature. The present study aims to test the efficacy of an integrated, Internet-delivered, early intervention approach targeting weight loss, body dissatisfaction, and reduction of eating disordered behaviors in an overweight adolescent sample. Potential implications of the proposed research include the prevention of adult obesity and eating disorders using a novel method of early intervention.
Obesity and overweight among youth has been described as a health problem of epidemic proportions. In 1999-2000, 15.3% of children aged 6-11 years and 15.5% of adolescents aged 12-19 years were defined as overweight.i The consequences of this rapid increase in pediatric obesity are far-reaching and extend to medical, psychological, and psychosocial domains. In particular, body dissatisfaction is found at higher rates among overweight youth compared with normal-weight peers ii,iii,ivand weight concerns have been linked to the development of eating disorders in female adolescentsv and adults.vi,vii,viii In addition, up to 75% of overweight adolescents turn to unhealthy weight control methods (e.g., fasting, diet pills, self-induced vomiting)11 rather than healthy behaviors, such as increased physical activity or healthier eating.ix,xxi Of particular concern, overweight adolescents use unhealthy and harmful weight loss techniques at a higher rate than normal-weight adolescents who are equally dissatisfied with their bodies, possibly in an attempt to find a quick solution to their weight problem.xii This will be the first Internet-delivered early intervention program to concurrently target weight loss, body dissatisfaction, and eating disordered attitudes and behaviors in adolescent boys and girls. The current standard of care for overweight adolescents consists of physician advice in the primary care setting, most frequently in the form of recommendations on how to modify activity and eating behaviors.xiii However, many barriers exist to this approach, including lack of physician time to provide appropriate education to patients, the need for long-term and intensive assistance in behavior modification, physician frustration,13,xiv and lack of specialized training in obesity treatment.14,xv Interventions beyond the current standard of care are needed. The Internet is a promising approach for the delivery of eating- and weight-related interventions among youth.xvi In the U.S., the majority of homes with children have computers (70.1%) and Internet connections (62.2%),xvii and a significant increase in Internet access can be seen across all major ethnic groups, as well.17 The Internet provides the opportunity to disseminate standardized, integrated, and empirically supported therapeutic techniques for obesity treatment beyond what would traditionally be feasible via specialized pediatric weight loss clinics.
i Ogden, C. L., Flegal, K. M., Carroll, M. D., Johnson, C. L. (2002). Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, 1728-32.
ii Stice, E. & Whitenton, K. (2002). Risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls: a longitudinal investigation. Developmental Psychology, 38(5), 669-678.
iii Strauss, R. S. (2000). Childhood obesity and self-esteem. Pediatrics, 105, e15.
iv Vander Wal, J. S. & Thelan, M. S. (2000). Eating and body image concerns among obese and average-weight children. Addictive Behaviors, 25, 775-778.
v Killen, J. D., Taylor, C. B., Hayward, C., Haydel, K. F., Wilson, D. M., Hammer, L., Kraemer, H., Blair-Greiner, A., & Strachowski, D. (1996). Weight concerns influence the development of eating disorders: a 4-year prospective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(5), 936-940.
vi Gleaves, D. H., Williamson, D. A., & Barker, S. E. (1993). Confirmatory factor analysis of a multidimensional model of bulimia nervosa. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 173–176.
vii Ricciardelli, L. A., Tate, D., & Williams, R. J. (1997). Body dissatisfaction as a mediator of the relationship between dietary restraint and bulimic eating patterns. Appetite, 29, 43–54.
viii Graber, J. A., Brooks-Gunn, J., Paikoff, R. L., & Warren, M. P. (1994). Prediction of eating problems: An 8-year study of adolescent girls. Developmental Psychology, 30, 823-834.
ix Stice, E., Mazotti, L., Krebs, M., & Martin, S. (1998). Predictors of adolescent dieting behaviors: A longitudinal study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 12(3), 195-205.
x Boutelle, K., Neumark- Sztainer, D., Story, M., & Resnick, M. (2002). Weight control behaviors among obese, overweight, and nonoverweight adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27, 531-540.
xi Neumark-Sztainer, D. M., Story, M., Hannan, P. J., Perry, C. L., & Irving, L. M. (2002). Weight-related concerns and behaviors among overweight and nonoverweight adolescents: implications for preventing weight-related disorders. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 156(2), 171-178.
xii Saelens, B. E., Jelalian, E., & Kukene, D. M. (2002). Physician weight counseling for adolescents. Clinical Pediatrics, 41, 575-585.
xiii Barlow, S. E., Trowbridge, F. L., Klish, W. J., & Dietz W. H. (2002). Treatment of child and adolescent obesity: reports from pediatricians, pediatric nurse practitioners, and registered dietitians. Pediatrics, 110(1 Pt 2), 229-35.
xiv Jelalian, E., Boergers, J., Alday, S., & Frank, R. (2003). Survey of physician attitudes and practices related to pediatric obesity. Clinical Pediatrics, 42, 235-245.
xv Story, M. T., Neumark-Sztainer, D. R., Sherwood, N. E., Holt, K., Sofka, D., Trowbridge, F. L., & Barlow, S. E. (2002). Management of child and adolescent obesity: Attitudes, barriers, skills, and training needs among health care professionals. Pediatrics, 110, 210-214.
xvi Zabinski, M. F., Celio, A. A., Wilfley, D. E., & Taylor, C. B. (in press). Prevention of eating disorders and obesity via the Internet. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Special issue on CBT and the Internet.
xvii U.S. Department of Commerce. A Nation Online: How Americans are Expanding Their Use of the Internet. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2002.
More than one out of seven adolescents are currently overweight or obese, and the majority of these adolescents are expected to experience compromised mental and physical health over their lifetimes. In particular, the literature suggests that overweight adolescents are often dissatisfied with their weight and frequently turn to unhealthy methods in their pursuit of weight loss, ultimately putting them at even higher risk for increased adiposity and eating disorders. Body dissatisfaction and the elevated rates of eating disordered behaviors in this population have rarely been addressed in obesity treatment programs. Few randomized controlled trials of behavioral weight loss programs for adolescents have been reported in the literature and there are no known integrated interventions for weight management and eating disorder prevention reported in the literature. The present study aims to test the efficacy of an integrated, Internetdelivered, early intervention approach targeting weight loss, body dissatisfaction, and reduction of eating disordered behaviors in an overweight adolescent sample. Potential implications of the proposed research include the prevention of adult obesity and eating disorders using a novel method of early intervention. Read the full Final Report.


To reduce the orphaned block rate, BTC pool deployed nearly 20 FIBER node (high-speed broadcast network). With the help of FIBER, BTC pool can monitor other pools and reduce block delay. In order to reduce the overall industry orphaned block rate, the FIBRE Docker developed by BTC pool is available on GitHub.


The Benjamin Moore all-purpose roller cover is a money-saving choice for fast, smooth results. The shed-resistant fabric works with all paints, enamels, and primers.
Benjamin Moore black China bristle professional paintbrushes are custom-formulated and recommended for all Benjamin Moore oil-based coatings. They hold a large volume of paint and promote a smooth finish.


text:
Our International Opportunities Fund and other funding.
One of the ways we support artists and arts organisations to develop work internationally is through our funding.
International Opportunities Fund
We have a rolling fund called the International Opportunities Fund (IOF).
IOF supports Wales based professional arts practitioners and organisations to undertake international visits aimed at the development of international work and the presentation and delivery of artistic work outside the UK on receipt of an invitation from an international partner.
The fund operates on a rolling programme, which means there are no published deadlines.
See the full list of who we've funded by selecting your scheme on the link below. You can also filter all results.
Find out more about the International Opportunities Fund
Connect: European Networks Fund
The Connect fund supports the arts sector in Wales to develop, maintain and strengthen their links with key strategic partners in Europe.
Connect funding supports:
- attendance at and participation in an event organised by one of the established European networks (typically an annual meeting/conference). This can be a network you are a member of, or one you are looking to join;
- attendance at a meeting or event organised by an informal European network of collaborating individuals or organisations that you are an active member of or are looking to work with.
Connect is part of a wider Welsh Government initiative, whose focus is looking at future relations with European regions, nations and networks beyond Brexit and will be open for applications until 15 March 2020.
Find out more about the Connect Fund
PRS Foundation's International Showcase Fund
We also partner with other organisations to provide funding for specific international work.
If you are an artist, band, songwriter or producer and have been invited to play an international showcasing festival or conference, you may be eligible for funding through PRS Foundation's International Showcase Fund in partnership with Wales Arts International. Find out more about the partnership here.
If you are eligible for this funding route, you may not apply to the International Opportunities Fund.
Please contact us if you are unsure which funding route is best for you.
Find out more about the International Showcase Fund


Under a typical franchise agreement, this risk will largely be taken by the Operator but will be mitigated by the revenue share obligations imposed on the Operator and revenue support obligations imposed on the Contracting Authority.
Alternatively the Contracting Authority may decide to take this risk, in which case it will require the Operator to enter into a management contract.
Under a typical franchise agreement, the Operator will be required to share a proportion of its revenue exceeding a specified threshold with the Contracting Authority, and will be entitled to receive revenue support from the Contracting Authority if its revenue is below a specified threshold. Revenue share arrangements do not normally apply during the first 4 years of a franchise agreement.
If the Contracting Authority will be retaining demand risk, it will need to ensure that it is comfortable (both politically and economically) with demand forecasts.
In developed markets, the Contracting Authority should have access to various data sources to develop realistic and attainable ridership and revenue forecasts, such that the Contracting Authority is well placed to manage demand and farebox risk. However, within certain parameters, the Contracting Authority may feel that the Operator should take a degree of this risk.
The availability by both volume and quality along with transportation of resource or inputs to a project or the demand for the product of service of a project by consumers/users.
The default position for existing rail ROT projects in emerging markets is for the Private Partner to retain demand and tariff risk (risk of demand and total revenue receipt).
To the extent that tariff revenue may be insufficient to cover the cost of financing and operating the project in question, as well as meeting the likely project contingencies, then some form of taxation-based support within the payment structure will be required, and the Contracting Authority may need to retain an element of demand risk.
Both the Contracting Authority and Private Partner should do a full assessment of demand risk and should ensure that the concession agreement appropriately addresses and allocates the risk for everything that will impact on demand.
The parties should also develop a comprehensive market strategy to deal with the implementation of the project.
There may need to be an element of subsidy from the Contracting Authority if demand falls below a certain amount. If this is structured as a 'cap and collar' arrangement then the Contracting Authority should also start to benefit from economic upsides above the Private Partner's base case. This is not universally included and does not necessarily reflect a market practice.
If there is high uncertainty over passenger projections and uncertainty over revenues (due to tariff limitations and/or currency volatility) then the project may need to be structured purely on the basis of an availability fee.
Most demand risk rail projects in the world have over- estimated user and revenue forecasts, and restructurings have been common. This creates a difficulty for Contracting Authorities in emerging markets, particularly in the case of market first projects, where there is likely to be a lack of relevant comparative market data to begin with.


text:
Gabriel Ciobanu
Romanian Academy Iasi branch · Institute of Computer Science
Professor, senior researcher
Gabriel Ciobanu is a senior researcher at the Institute of Computer Science, Romanian Academy, and the editor-in-chief of the Scientific Annals of Computer Science. His research interests include Distributed Systems and Concurrency (process calculi), Theory of Programming (semantics, logics, formal methods) and Natural Computing (membrane systems). For his research he received important awards of the Romanian Academy of Sciences (in 2000, 2004, 2013). He is a member of Academia Europaea.
Model Checking
Formal Verification
Automata Theory
January 2008 - present
Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza
Faculty of Computer Science
Scientific Annals of Computer Science
http://www.info.uaic.ro/Annals/
Romanian Academy
Iaşi, Romania
Interval Probability for Sessions Types
Bogdan Aman
We propose a typing system based on multiparty session types and probabilistic interactions. We define a probabilistic process calculus using nondeterministic external choices and probabilistic internal choices. Interval probability (a generalization of traditional probability using pairs of lower and upper probabilities) are used for global and lo...
Spiking neural P systems and their semantics in Haskell
Eneia Todoran
We use the functional programming language Haskell to design semantic interpreters for the spiking neural P systems. Haskell provides an appropriate support for implementing the denotational semantics of a concurrent language inspired by the spiking neural P systems. This language and its semantics describe properly the structure and behaviour of t...
Membrane Computing after 25 Years
Natural sciences are influencing the area of information sciences, and the meaning of computation has been modified [...]
Soft Sets with Atoms
Andrei Alexandru
The theory of finitely supported structures is used for dealing with very large sets having a certain degree of symmetry. This framework generalizes the classical set theory of Zermelo-Fraenkel by allowing infinitely many basic elements with no internal structure (atoms) and by equipping classical sets with group actions of the permutation group ov...
Synchronization operator for communication privacy
Stochastic Sharing Calculus for Reasoning About Social Networks
We study the dynamics of information sharing in web-based social networks and analyse in a stochastic manner some aspects of this phenomenon. We define the stochastic sharing calculus by considering probabilistic factors and stochastic evolutions that could be analysed statistically. A rate-based operational semantics allows specific observations a...
A Process Calculus for Spiking Neural P Systems
This paper presents a calculus inspired by the spiking neural P systems. Its operational and denotational semantics are defined; they are related by using the metric semantics methodology, showing that the denotational semantics is correct with respect to the operational one. We use the continuations for concurrency to describe precisely the nondet...
Various forms of infinity for finitely supported structures
The goal of this paper is to define and study the notion of infinity in the framework of finitely supported structures, presenting new properties of infinite cardinalities. Some of these properties are extended from the non-atomic Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory to the world of atomic objects with finite support, while other properties are specific to...
The power of synchronizing rules in membrane computing
Membrane computing provides computational devices inspired by living cells (called membrane systems) that are proved to be computationally universal. It is a theoretical challenge to find the minimum of resources to get the full power of a Turing machine. The major contribution of this paper is to present such a system with only ONE membrane and wi...
A Hypergraph Model for Communication Patterns
The article deals with interaction in concurrent systems. A calculus able to express specific communication patterns is defined, together with its abstract control structures. A hypergraph model for these structures is presented. The hypergraphs are able to properly express the communication patterns, providing a fully abstract model for the patter...
Computational Power of Astrocytes and their Role in Neurobiology
Knowledge Dynamics and Behavioural Equivalencesin Multi-Agent Systems
We define a process calculus to describe multi-agent systems with timeouts for communication and mobility able to handle knowledge. The knowledge of an agent is represented as sets of trees whose nodes carry information; it is used to decide the interactions with other agents. The evolution of the system with exchanges of knowledge between agents i...
Finitely Supported Binary Relations between Infinite Atomic Sets
In the framework of finitely supported atomic sets, by using the notion of atomic cardinality and the T-finite support principle (a closure property for supports in some higher-order constructions), we present some finiteness properties of the finitely supported binary relations between infinite atomic sets. Of particular interest are finitely supp...
Type Inference for Hierarchical Multiset Structures in Rule-Based Systems
The focus of this paper is the resource evolution in rule-based systems with some specific restrictions imposed; specifically, some resources are bounded between certain lower and upper thresholds. Such a system is proved to be correct with respect to a type system.We define types over hierarchical multiset structures, and consider well-typing with...
Memory associated with membranes systems
G. Michele Pinna
We study the notion of memory associated with membranes systems. Such a memory can be used in various ways; in this paper, we focus on two of them. One way is to consider the memory as a device for tracking how objects evolve. In this perspective, the memory is coded into objects which are enriched with suitable information to keep track on how the...
Travelling salesman problem in tissue P systems with costs
We define tissue P systems with costs assigning execution costs to the synapses that are used to transport the objects between cells. We use the Priced-Timed Maude rewriting engine to provide an implementation of tissue P systems with costs. The implementation allows us to analyze and verify some behavioural aspects of tissue P systems with costs....
Computation with cells enhanced by costs
Reversible computation in nature inspired rule-based systems
Since reversibility is an inherent property of many natural phenomena, it makes sense to investigate reversibility in natural computing. More exactly, to study reversible computation in rule-based systems inspired by living cells. Thus, we consider systems working with rules over multisets of objects which are evolving in a maximal parallel manner....
What does P mean in Natural Computing?
Celebrating 70th birthday of Gheorghe Păun.
Dynamics of reputation in mobile agents systems and weighted timed automata
The reputation of a process is based on its past and present behaviour; it evolves in time depending on several factors including the actions performed, the reputation of its interacting processes and locations where the process resides. We design a calculus of mobile agents in distributed systems able to handle the dynamics of reputation which cha...
Arithmetic Abilities of the Living Cell Pumps
Mutual exclusion and reversibility in reaction systems
The evolution of a reaction system is usually driven by a fixed set of unconstrained rules. In this paper, we present a different approach by imposing some constraints over the rules. Thus, we define restricted reaction systems which are working with mutually exclusive rules, namely rules that are not allowed to be applied together in the same comp...
Uniformly supported sets and fixed points properties
The theory of finitely supported algebraic structures is a reformulation of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory in which every set-based construction is finitely supported according to a canonical action of a group of permutations of some basic elements named atoms. In this paper we study the properties of finitely supported sets that contain infinite unif...
A Study of Multiparty Interactions in Continuation Semantics
Spiking Neural P Systems with Astrocytes Producing Calcium
The astrocytes are cells which play an essential role in the functioning and interaction of neurons by feeding the respective neurons with calcium ions. Drawing inspiration from this two-way relationship in which the astrocytes influence and are influenced by the neurons by means of calcium ions, in this paper, we define and study spiking neural P...
Mobile Membranes
Mobile membranes represent a model of computation inspired from the biological movement provided by endocytosis and exocytosis in the living cells. This paper presents a survey of the results treating the computational power of the mobile membranes, their efficiency in solving NP-complete problems, and connections with other formal approaches able...
Choice Principles for Finitely Supported Structures
The validity and the non-validity of choice principles in various models of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory and of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with atoms (including the symmetric models and the permutation models) was investigated in the last century. Actually, choice principles are proved to be independent of the set of axioms for Zermelo-Fraenkel and...
Lattices in Finitely Supported Mathematics
We introduce and study lattices in the framework of finitely supported structures. Various properties of lattices are obtained by extending the classical Zermelo-Fraenkel results from the world of non-atomic structures to the world of atomic finitely supported structures. We particularly prove that Tarski fixed point theorem for Zermelo-Fraenkel co...
Constructions of Lattices in Finitely Supported Mathematics
We present various fundamental examples of invariant lattices and study their properties. We particularly mention the finitely supported subsets of an invariant set, the finitely supported functions from an invariant set to an invariant complete lattice (i.e. the finitely supported L-fuzzy sets with L being an invariant complete lattice), the finit...
Relaxing the Finite Support Requirement
PA-sets are defined as classical sets equipped with actions of the group of all bijections of an amorphous set A. They are constructed in the same way as SAsets, except that for defining PA-sets we consider all the bijections of A, not only the finitary ones. Furthermore, in contrast to the invariant sets, PA-sets do not necessarily satisfy the fin...
Properties of Atoms in Finitely Supported Mathematics
We present a large collection of properties of the set of atoms, of its (finite or cofinite) powerset and of its (finite) higher-order powerset in the world of finitely supported algebraic structures. Firstly, we prove that atomic sets have many specific FSM properties (that are not translated from ZF). We can structure these specific properties in...
Partially Ordered Sets in Finitely Supported Mathematics
We introduce and study finitely supported partially ordered sets.We study the notion of 'cardinality' for a finitely supported set, proving several properties related to this concept. Some properties are naturally extended from the non-atomic Zermelo-Fraenkel framework into the world of atomic structures with finite supports. In this sense, we prov...
The World of Structures with Finite Supports
We introduce the theory of atomic finitely supported algebraic structures (that are finitely supported sets equipped with finitely supported internal operations or with finitely supported relations), and describe topics related to this theory such as permutation models of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with atoms, Fraenkel- Mostowski set theory, the t...
Several Forms of Infinity for Finitely Supported Structures
The theory of finitely supported sets allows the study of structures which are very large, but contain enough symmetries such that they can be concisely represented and manipulated. The equivalence of various definitions of infinity is provable in Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory under the consideration of the axiom of choice. Since in the theory of ato...
Connections with Tarski's Concept of Logicality
Our goal is to emphasize a connection between the approach regarding finitely supported structures and Tarski's definition of logicality requiring invariance under the one-to-one transformations of a universe of discourse onto itself. We also provide a connection with the Erlangen Program of Felix Klein for the classification of various geometries...
Galois Connections in Finitely Supported Mathematics
We introduce and study Galois connections between finitely supported ordered structures. Particularly, we present properties of finitely supported Galois connections between invariant complete lattices. As an application, we investigate upper and lower approximations of finitely supported sets using the approximation techniques from the theory of r...
Finitely Supported Sets: Formal Results
We formally describe finitely supported sets as classical Zermelo-Fraenkel sets equipped with canonical permutation actions, satisfying a certain finite support requirement. We provide higher-order constructions of atomic sets starting from some basic atomic sets. We present basic properties of finitely supported sets and of mappings between finite...
Freshness in Finitely Supported Mathematics
The goal of this chapter is to describe properties of elements placed outside the support of a given element. We present a specific quantifier (introduced initially by Gabbay and Pitts) that encodes 'for all but finitely many', and show that is placed between \(\forall\) and \(\exists\).
It is presented a summary of the main ideas and results.
Abstraction in Finitely Supported Mathematics
The notion of abstraction appearing in the theory of nominal sets is used in order to model basic concepts in computer science such as renaming, binding and fresh name. We provide a uniform presentation of the existing results involving abstraction, and provide connections with the theory of finitely supported partially ordered sets.
Foundations of Reversible Computation
Robert Glück
German Vidal
Reversible computation allows computation to proceed not only in the standard, forward direction, but also backward, recovering past states. While reversible computation has attracted interest for its multiple applications, covering areas as different as low-power computing, simulation, robotics and debugging, such applications need to be supported...
Reversibility in Chemical Reactions
Stefan Kuhn
Irek Ulidowski
In this chapter we give an overview of techniques for the modelling and reasoning about reversibility of systems, including out-of-causal-order reversibility, as it appears in chemical reactions. We consider the autoprotolysis of water reaction, and model it with the Calculus of Covalent Bonding, the Bonding Calculus, and Reversing Petri Nets. This...
Imprecise Probability for Multiparty Session Types in Process Algebra
In this paper we introduce imprecise probability for session types. More exactly, we use a probabilistic process calculus in which both nondeterministic external choice and probabilistic internal choice are considered. We propose the probabilistic multiparty session types able to codify the structure of the communications by using some imprecise pr...
Properties of the atoms in finitely supported structures
The goal of this paper is to present a collection of properties of the set of atoms and the set of finite injective tuples of atoms, as well as of the (finite and cofinite) powersets of atoms in the framework of finitely supported structures. Some properties of atoms are obtained by translating classical Zermelo–Fraenkel results into the new framew...
Employing Costs in Multiagent Systems with Timed Migration and Timed Communication
We use a process calculus to describe easily multiagent systems with timeouts for mobility and communication, and with assigned costs for agents actions and for the locations of a distributed network. After presenting an operational semantics and some results regarding this calculus, we provide a translation of the multiagent systems to weighted ti...
Foundations of Finitely Supported Structures: A Set Theoretical Viewpoint
This book presents a set theoretical development for the foundations of the theory of atomic and finitely supported structures. It analyzes whether a classical result can be adequately reformulated by replacing a 'non-atomic structure' with an 'atomic, finitely supported structure'. It also presents many specific properties, such as finiteness, car...
Synchronization of rules in membrane computing
We modify the most used evolution strategy in membrane systems (namely that of maximal parallelism) by imposing a synchronization between rules. A synchronization over a set of rules can be applied only if each rule of the set can be applied at least once. For membrane systems working in the accepting mode, this synchronization is powerful enough t...
How the Formal Description of the Transmembrane Proteins can Reduce the Bio-Medical Experiments
Verification of Multi-agent Systems with Timeouts for Migration and Communication
A prototyping high-level language is used to describe multi-agent systems using timeouts for migration between explicit locations and local communication in a distributed system. We translate such a high-level specification into the real-time Maude rewriting language. We prove that this translation is correct, and provide an operational corresponde...
Probabilities in Session Types
This paper deals with the probabilistic behaviours of distributed systems described by a process calculus considering both probabilistic internal choices and nondeterministic external choices. For this calculus we define and study a typing system which extends the multiparty session types in order to deal also with probabilistic behaviours. The cal...
Finitely Supported Sets Containing Infinite Uniformly Supported Subsets
The theory of finitely supported algebraic structures represents a reformulation of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory in which every construction is finitely supported according to the action of a group of permutations of some basic elements named atoms. In this paper we study the properties of finitely supported sets that contain infinite uniformly supp...
Fixed point results for finitely supported algebraic structures
We present a collection of fixed point theorems in the framework of finitely supported structures, preserving the validity of several classical Zermelo-Fraenkel fixed point theorems such as Tarski strong theorem, Bourbaki-Witt theorem, Scott theorem and Tarski-Kantorovitch theorem. We also prove several specific fixed point properties in the framew...
De Morgan Dual Nominal Quantifiers Modelling Private Names in Non-Commutative Logic
Ross Horne
Alwen Tiu
This article explores the proof theory necessary for recommending an expressive but decidable first-order system, named MAV1, featuring a De Morgan dual pair of nominal quantifiers. These nominal quantifiers called "new" and "wen" are distinct from the self-dual Gabbay-Pitts and Miller-Tiu nominal quantifiers. The novelty of these nominal quantifie...
Adaptive P Systems
In this paper we introduce a membrane system named adaptive P system which is able to adjust dynamically its behaviour depending on resource availability. Such a system is defined as a tree of membranes in which the objects are organized in multisets, and the rules are applied in a maximal parallel manner. We use guards on the right side of the rul...
A Semantic Investigation of Spiking Neural P Systems
We present a metric denotational semantics for an experimental concurrent language inspired by the spiking neural P systems. At syntactic level, the language provides constructions for specifying the neurons, synapses and rules with time delays defining a spiking neural P system. The denotational semantics presented in this paper is designed by usi...
Infinities within Finitely Supported Structures
The theory of finitely supported algebraic structures is related to Pitts theory of nominal sets (by equipping finitely supported sets with finitely supported internal algebraic laws). It represents a reformulation of Zermelo Fraenkel set theory obtained by requiring every set theoretical construction to be finitely supported according to a certain...
Bonding calculus
We present the bonding calculus, a calculus in which it is easy to handle covalent bonds between molecules. Our purpose is to use bonding calculus to model the dynamics of the interactions in biochemical systems. We provide an operational semantics by means of a transition system, and use a known software platform to both simulate the chemical reac...
High-Level Koutny Net
This issue is dedicated to Professor Maciej Koutny for celebrating his 60th birthday, and consists of �five contributions written by his friends and collaborators.
Solving the N-Queens Puzzle by Using Few Membranes: Essays Dedicated to Mario de Jesús Pérez-Jiménez on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday
The N-queens puzzle is a topic of several articles written by Mario Pérez-Jiménez and his collaborators. In this paper we present a family of polarizationless P systems with active membranes and 2-cooperation that provides all the possible solutions for this puzzle. The novelty consists in the method allowing a rather important reduction on the num...
Analyzing the Shared Information in Social Networks
Order Relations Over Finitely Supported Structures
On the Abstractness of Continuation Semantics
We present a denotational semantics for a simple concurrent language based on Milner's CCS extended with multiparty synchronous interactions. We show that our denotational model is weakly abstract with respect to a corresponding operational semantics. The denotational semantics is designed with metric spaces and continuation semantics for concurren...
Local Time Membrane Systems and Time Petri Nets
Peter Battyanyi
Gyorgy Vaszil
We investigate the relationship between time Petri nets and various variants of membrane systems. We first show that adding the feature of "time" to Petri nets makes possible the simulation of the maximal parallel mode of rule application from membrane systems without introducing maximal parallelism to the Petri net semantics. Then we define local...
A Note on Similarity Relations Between Fuzzy Attribute-Oriented Concept Lattices
Cristian Văideanu
Studying fuzzy attribute-oriented concept lattices has been a challenging issue of Formal Concept Analysis. In [19], the author introduced a fuzzy similarity relation between two collections of L-sets and proved some properties of this similarity type. In this paper, based on a duality technique which allowed us to transfer some properties from ant...
Controlled Reversibility in Reaction Systems
We study the controlled reversibility in reaction systems, a bio-inspired formalism in which the reactions take place only if some inhibitors are not present. Forward reactions are exactly those of the reaction systems, while reverse reactions happen when a special symbol indicates a change in the environment. The reversible reaction systems are tr...
Denotational semantics of membrane systems by using complete metric spaces
In this paper we present a mathematical model for a class of membrane systems, emphasizing on constructions of the denotational semantics as fixed points over complete metric spaces (to describe the semantics of multiset rewriting) and metric powerdomains (to describe the nondeterministic behaviour). We use the continuation-passing style, a techniq...
Fuzzy sets within Finitely Supported Mathematics
The classical theory of fuzzy sets is extended to a recently developed framework named Finitely Supported Mathematics in order to characterize fuzzy sets over infinite universes in a finitary manner by involving the concept of "finite support". We prove some algebraic properties of the new fuzzy sets within Finitely Supported Mathematics (including...
Abstract Continuation Semantics for Asynchronous Concurrency
Analyzing Distributed Pi-Calculus Systems by Using the Rewriting Engine Maude
Distributed systems with explicit locations and process mobility are described in terms of the distributed pi-calculus. The systems described in distributed pi-calculus are translated into a rewriting logic which is executable on the Maude software platform. We prove an operational correspondence allowing to verify properly the properties of the di...
Verification of critical systems described in real-time TiMo
We present a simple prototyping language for describing real-time systems including specific features as timeouts, explicit locations, timed migration and timed communication. The parallel execution of a step is provided by multiset labelled transitions. To illustrate its features, we describe a railway control system, and define some behavioural e...
Efficiently solving the Bin Packing problem through bio-inspired mobility
Recently we have considered the possibility of using bio-inspired mobility for solving a weak NP-complete problem (Partition). In this paper we provide a semi-uniform polynomial solution for a strong NP-complete problem (Bin Packing) by means of membrane computing techniques. The solution employs mobile membranes and elementary membrane division.
An efficient method to factorize fuzzy attribute-oriented concept lattices
Factorization by similarity is a mathematical technique used in formal concept analysis with fuzzy attributes for reducing the complexity of different types of fuzzy concept lattices. In this paper we find the structure of the factor lattice of a fuzzy attribute-oriented concept lattice, namely the intervals representing the blocks of this lattice....
Minimal ingredients for Turing completeness in membrane computing
In this paper we provide several computability results looking for minimal ingredients needed to obtain Turing completeness of various bio-inspired computation models (membrane systems). We emphasize the relevance of number two in reaching Turing completeness for several membrane systems.
Continuation Passing Semantics for Membrane Systems
Membrane systems are described by a language in which multisets of objects are encapsulated in hierarchical structures of compartments. The language provides primitives for parallel communication of objects across membranes and a primitive for membrane creation. The behaviour of each membrane is specified by means of multiset rewriting rules. We pr...
Computational Power of Protein Networks
Cell biology provides useful ideas to computer scientists in order to construct models which can provide more efficient computations. In this paper we prove that an abstract model of protein-protein interaction derived from membrane computing has the same computational power as a Turing machine by using a rather small number of proteins having at m...
On logical notions in the Fraenkel-Mostowski cumulative universe
Fraenkel-Mostowski set theory represents a tool for managing infinite structures in terms of finite objects. In this paper we provide a connection between the concept of logical notions invariant under permutations introduced by Tarski and Fraenkel-Mostowski set theory. More precisely, we prove that some particular sets defined by using the axioms...
Verification of distributed systems involving bounded-time migration
We introduce and study a prototyping language for real-time distributed systems involving bounded-time migration and communication. The time constraints of this language are expressed as bounded intervals given by real numbers used to model faithfully the uncertainty of the delay in migration and communication of processes placed at explicit locati...
Reversibility in parallel rewriting systems
This paper represents a study of reversibility in parallel rewriting systems over multisets. It emphasizes the controlled reversibility for a particular case of parallel rewriting systems given by membrane systems, a formalism inspired by the cell activity. We define reversible membrane systems in which the scenarios based on regular expressions ar...
Simulating P systems with membrane dissolution in a chemical calculus
We present a transformation of membrane systems, possibly with promoter/inhibitor rules, priority relations, and membrane dissolution, into formulas of the chemical calculus such that terminating computations of membranes correspond to terminating reduction sequences of formulas and vice versa. In the end, the same result can be extracted from the...
Essential and density topologies of continuous domains
Dan Rusu
We introduce and study two topologies in order to provide a topological interpretation of bases in domain theory. The key finding is that, in a continuous domain, bases correspond exactly to dense sets of one of these new topologies. Moreover, we provide a topological interpretation for several properties of the bases, as well as novel characteriza...
Continuation Semantics of a Language Inspired by Membrane Computing with Symport/Antiport Interactions
Finitely Supported Mathematics. An Introduction
In this book the authors present an alternative set theory dealing with a more relaxed notion of infiniteness, called finitely supported mathematics (FSM). It has strong connections to the Fraenkel-Mostowski (FM) permutative model of Zermelo-Fraenkel (ZF) set theory with atoms and to the theory of (generalized) nominal sets.
Algebraic Structures in Finitely Supported Mathematics
Finitely Supported Mathematics (FSM) is the mathematics developed in the framework of invariant/finitely supported structures. The aim of this chapter is to translate into FSM several algebraic concepts which were initially described using the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms of set theory. We focus on multisets, generalized multisets, partially ordered set...
Extended Fraenkel-Mostowski Set Theory
The finite support axiom of Fraenkel-Mostowski set theory is very strong. We study the consequences of replacing this strong axiom with a weaker one. In this chapter we generalize Fraenkel-Mostowski set theory by giving a new set of axioms which defines Extended Fraenkel-Mostowski set theory. In Extended Fraenkel- Mostowski set theory, instead of t...
Fraenkel-Mostowski Set Theory: A Framework for Finitely Supported Mathematics
In this chapter we present the basics of the Fraenkel-Mostowski framework, by studying concepts like invariant set, Fraenkel-Mostowski set, freshness quantifier, support, finiteness, fresh element, and abstraction. We also prove some original results regarding the consistency of various forms of choice in Finitely Supported Mathematics. Another goa...
Process Calculi in Finitely Supported Mathematics
The aim of this chapter is to present a set of compact transition rules (transition rules without side conditions) for the monadic version of the fusion calculus (update calculus). These transition rules are expressed using the quantifier ∀ and the freshness quantifier. Using some results presented in the second chapter of this book, we are able to...
Behavioural Analysis of Sessions Using the Calculus of Structures
This paper describes an approach to the behavioural analysis of sessions. The approach is made possible by the calculus of structures — a deep inference proof calculus, generalising the sequent calculus, where inference rules are applied in any context. The approach involves specifications of global and local sessions inspired by the Scribble langu...
Abstract Interpretations in the Framework of Invariant Sets
We present a theory of abstract interpretations in the framework of invariant sets by translating the notions of lattices and Galois connections into this framework, and presenting their properties in terms of finitely supported objects. We introduce the notions of invariant correctness relation and invariant representation function, emphasize an e...
A descriptive type foundation for RDF Schema
V. Sassone
This paper provides a type theoretic foundation for descriptive types that appear in Linked Data. Linked Data is data published on the Web according to principles and standards supported by the W3C. Such Linked Data is inherently messy: this is due to the fact that instead of being assigned a strict a priori schema, the schema is inferred a posteri...
Solving NP-complete Problems in Polynomial Time by Using a Natural Computing Model
The first part of the paper is devoted to a polynomial solution of a well-known NP-complete problem (SAT problem) by using an unconventional computation model provided by P systems with active membranes (with neither polarization nor division rules). An important step of this semi-uniform solution is given by polynomial computing devices to build P...
Main Steps in Defining Finitely Supported Mathematics
This paper presents the main steps in defining a Finitely Supported Mathematics by using sets with atoms. Such a mathematics generalizes the classical Zermelo-Fraenkel mathematics, and represents an appropriate framework to work with (infinite) structures in terms of finitely supported objects. We focus on the techniques of translating the Zermelo-...
Private Names in Non-Commutative Logic
We present an expressive but decidable first-order system (named MAV1) defined by using the calculus of structures, a generalisation of the sequent calculus. In addition to first-order universal and existential quantifiers the system incorporates a pair of nominal quantifiers called `new' and `wen', distinct from the self-dual Gabbay-Pitts and Mill...
Scalable distributed implementation of a biologically inspired parallel model
The paper presents first the formal semantics of a parallel formalism inspired by biological cells, and then provides a faithful parallel implementation of this computational model using a known distributed computing middleware and taking care of various synchronization issues. Synchronization is achieved using barriers and preconditions; both refe...
Verifying vehicle control systems by using process calculi
Armand Stefan Rotaru
The paper deals with the safety of car control systems in which vehicle-to-vehicle interactions are described in a modular and com positional manner. Such a description simplifies a complex verification process, which involves control decisions regarding acceleration, deceleration, lane switching and breaking distance. We focus on the problem of ad...
Pawlak approximations in the framework of nominal sets
According to the axioms of the Fraenkel-Mostowski set theory, we define and study the lower and upper approximations of the (infinite) finitely supported subsets of some infinite nominal sets. We first translate the algebraic structures of lattices and the Galois connections into the Fraenkel-Mostowski framework, and then present their properties i...
Finitely supported subgroups of a nominal group
We define the notion of finitely supported subgroup of a nominal group, and present some algebraic properties of these subgroups. We prove that the family of all finitely supported subgroups of a nominal group forms a nominal complete lattice and a nominal algebraic domain.
Andrew D. Gordon
Vincenzo Manca
Alfonso Rodríguez-Patón
Slawomir Lasota
Giancarlo Mauri
Geylani Kardas
Ege University
Moharram Challenger
University of Antwerp
Francis Cabarle
Dana Petcu
West University of Timisoara
REWRITING ART HISTORY
Creating a new perspective upon the constructive and symbolic practices of European traditional art, for generating possible new directions for creativity on contemporary/postmodern visual art
Romanian Academy Iasi branch
Dominique Mery
University of Lorraine
Marian Gheorghe
Dragoş Sburlan
Universitatea Ovidius Constanţa
Bogdan Tanasa
John M Auld
Department of Computer Science (Faculty of Engineering)
Shankara Narayanan Krishna
Emanuel Florentin Olariu
Department of Mathematics and Information Technology
Hugh Anderson


The Tenaya Oasi is a curved climbing shoe that works as well on friction slabs and vertical walls as it does on overhanging routes and boulder problems. It provides stunning precision as well as exceptional comfort. Its design and system of construction lets the heel sit lower while climbing and is superbly responsive to every situation, relaying detailed information back to the user in any situation.
Good for vertical or overhanging routes and all kinds of bouldering.


You will have undoubtedly seen it by now – but for some reason not on this site yet! – the poster for the Girls Skate Jam 2011. Now in it's 10th anniversary year and organised by SkaterGirl author Jenna Selby, the comp will of course be happening at Pioneer Skate Park on Saturday 25th June between 1 – 6pm. There will be the usual comps: Under 18, Over 18 and Sponsored in Street and Mini – but as part of the decade celebrations there will also be a 90's Girl Skater section (Dress up in the good old baggies, with dog chains etc) and a Cross Dresser section for the guys. Nikita will be hosting the BBQ and you can check out the facebook event page here.


A blog on various continued concerns of an immigrant Pakistani in Europe, along with other things that seem interesting, amusing or challenging.
salam alaykum bhai, may God bless you in this new blog as well!
wa alaykum salam, and thank you for your du'a.
Waqas, go ahead and ask. Will try an answer inshaAllah.
Bro, I am also a temporary immigrant from Pakistan. From your blog I gathered we have some similar interests. Where in Europe are you? I am currently, living in London. It would be nice starting a conversation and exchanging thoughts with you, on a less public forum.
Assalam o alekum, good work brother..Im impressed.
See the post Final Resting Place of Qudratullah Shahab on this blog and scroll down through the comments.


Colorado School of Mines dominated conference rival and then-No. 24 ranked Colorado Mesa in a 72-31 victory to move the Orediggers up two places in the AFCA Division II Coaches' Top 25 Poll to No. 12. Next up on the schedule for the Colorado School of Mines is a road game against Western State Colorado.
The Top 5 has a new look this week after then-No. 2 Indiana (Pa.) lost to California (Pa.), 36-24, dropping the Crimson Hawks to No. 14. Minnesota State still sits at No. 1 with 28 first-place votes, but they are followed by Grand Valley State (Mich.), Ferris State (Mich.), Midwestern State (Texas) and West Georgia.
West Alabama and Colorado Mesa dropped out of the Top 25 this week, making room for two new teams to enter. Azusa Pacific (Calif.) re-enters the poll at No. 24 after at a one-week layoff, while No. 23 Kutztown (Pa.) makes an appearance for the first time since September 10, 2012, when the Golden Bears were ranked No. 21. Next week, Azusa Pacific hosts one of the many Top 25 matchups, an important conference game, as they host No. 25 Central Washington.
8. Pittsburg St. (Kan.) 5-0 544 10 D. Lindenwood (Mo.), 27-24 OT Oct. 6 vs. No. 16 Northwest Missouri St.
Others Receiving Votes: Sioux Falls (S.D.), 52; Tiffin (Ohio), 45; Ohio Dominican, 39; Saginaw Valley St. (Mich.), 33; LIU-Post (N.Y.), 16; Lenoir-Rhyne (N.C.), 10; Chadron St. (Neb.), 9; West Texas A&M, 9; Bowie St. (Md.), 7; Central Missouri, 7; Davenport (Mich.), 7; Florida Tech, 4; Hillsdale (Mich.), 4; West Alabama, 4; Colorado Mesa, 2; Charleston (W.Va.), 1; Morehouse (Ga.), 1; Virginia Union, 1.


text:
Павел Дмитриевич Свистов (1924—1983) — старший сержант Советской Армии, участник Великой Отечественной войны, Герой Советского Союза (1945).

Биография

Павел Свистов родился 26 октября 1924 года в селе Солоновка (ныне — Смоленский район Алтайского края). После окончания шести классов школы работал в колхозе. В августе 1942 года Свистов был призван на службу в Рабоче-крестьянскую Красную Армию. С августа 1943 года — на фронтах Великой Отечественной войны. В боях неоднократно был ранен.

К августу 1944 года сержант Павел Свистов был разведчиком взвода пешей разведки 928-го стрелкового полка 252-й стрелковой дивизии 10-го гвардейского стрелкового корпуса 4-й гвардейской армии 2-го Украинского фронта. Отличился во время освобождения Молдавской ССР. 23 августа 1944 года в бою за село Болдурешты Унгенского района, когда под массированным пулемётным огнём противника не смог продвигаться вперёд стрелковый батальон, Свистов вместе с группой бойцов батальона прорвался к немецким позициям и уничтожил 18 солдат и офицеров противника, а остальных обратил в бегство. Ворвавшись в село, Свистов с товарищами разгромил немецкий обоз и автоколонну, уничтожив в общей сложности около 30 солдат и офицеров противника. В том бою было захвачено большое количество военной техники, 22 солдата и офицера противника сдались в плен.

Указом Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 24 марта 1945 года за «мужество, отвагу и героизм, проявленные на фронте борьбы с немецкими захватчиками» сержант Павел Свистов был удостоен высокого звания Героя Советского Союза с вручением ордена Ленина и медали «Золотая Звезда» за номером 4998.

В 1947 году в звании старшего сержанта Свистов был демобилизован. Проживал и работал сначала на родине, затем в Барнауле и Бийске. Скончался 27 декабря 1983 года, похоронен в Бийске.

Был также награждён орденами Отечественной войны 2-й степени, Красной Звезды и Славы 3-й степени, рядом медалей.

Примечания

Литература

 Воробьёв В. П., Ефимов Н. В. Герои Советского Союза: справ. — СПб., 2010.

Разведчики Великой Отечественной войны
Похороненные в Бийске


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3/6. Night is fast approaching, and Gremlin's twins are lost in the jungle.
About BBC One
BBC One is a TV channel that started broadcasting on the 20th April 1964. It replaced BBC Television.


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Michael R. Graif
MRGraif@mintz.com
Events & Speaking
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Michael is an intellectual property attorney whose practice encompasses trademark and copyright enforcement, technology and licensing transactions, patent and trademark portfolio management, and counseling clients on intellectual property issues that arise in business deals. He also has extensive experience in cybersecurity, privacy, and social media law, and is a Certified Information Privacy Professional/US. His clients range from start-ups to Fortune 500 companies in a broad range of industries, including technology, manufacturing, sports & entertainment, and digital & social media.
The rights enforcement side of Michael's practice includes trademark, copyright, and patent matters, domain name proceedings, and advising clients on publicity and privacy rights.
Michael's IP transactional work includes drafting licensing, joint venture, and other agreements involving trademarks and technology. He also frequently conducts due diligence on intellectual property issues related to mergers and acquisitions, securitizations, loans, securities offerings, and other transactions.
A national expert, Michael has been interviewed on television and quoted in national media outlets on file-sharing and copyright issues. According to World Trademark Review, Mr. Graif, "epitomizes the term 'IP expert'," and has "a breadth of experience in trademark work and can clearly explain legal concepts and strategies to people who may not be well versed in law." Along with appearing on Bloomberg Television and Reuters Television, he has been quoted in the Washington Post, San Francisco Chronicle, Above the Law, The Guardian of London and The Daily Deal, and other news outlets. He teaches social media law as a Lecturer in Law at the University of Pennsylvania Law School and an Adjunct Professor at Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law.
Prior to joining Mintz, Michael was chair of the intellectual property group at a New York-based international law firm, where he was a partner for a decade. Earlier, he was a partner at a Washington, DC-based national law firm; a counsel and associate at another New York-based global law firm; and an associate at a New York-based intellectual property law firm.
Counseled boutique tax company G2 FinTech on intellectual property issues related to the sale of its technology and intellectual property assets to KPMG LLP.
Counseled MSC Industrial Direct Co., Inc. on intellectual property issues in its $550 Million Acquisition of the North American distribution business of Barnes Group Inc.
Acted as trademark expert for Kraft/Heinz in trade dress dispute in Australia with Bega Cheese.
Defeated a motion for a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction for copyright infringement, trade dress infringement, and unfair competition brought against Casabella Holdings.
New York Attorney General: Data Breaches Will Cost You
August 1, 2022 | Blog | By Michael Graif
Amazon's Utility Patent Neutral Evaluation Proceeding: Let the Seller Beware
March 22, 2022 | Blog | By Michael Graif, Matthew Hurley
The Trademark Modernization Act's New Cancellation Procedures are Now Effective
December 28, 2021 | Blog | By Michael Graif
Is an unused registered trademark preventing you from clearing or registering your mark? Or was the blocking registration filed for goods or services that were not in use when the registrant declared that they were? The Trademark Modernization Act's ("TMA") new procedures for cancelling unused registrations, or registrations with goods and services that were not in use at the time of declaration, are now effective.
Quentin Tarantino's Secret NFTs
December 8, 2021 | Blog | By Michael Graif, Frank Gerratana
Quentin Tarantino recently announced plans to auction off seven scenes from the 1994 motion picture Pulp Fiction as non-fungible tokens or NFTs. These "Tarantino NFTs" will include a collection of high-resolution digital scans of the original handwritten Pulp Fiction screenplay. The NFTs each contain scans of the uncut screenplay pages themselves that form a single scene from the movie. They will be auctioned on the NFT marketplace OpenSea and are built on the blockchain platform Secret Network, which launched in February 2020.
NYC Businesses: Do you have your "biometric identifier collection" notice up?
July 12, 2021 | Blog | By Cynthia Larose, Michael Graif
As previewed in Mintz's earlier post, New York City's Biometric Identifier Information Law the "NYC Law") is now in force, effective Friday, July 9th. The NYC Law requires that places of entertainment, retail stores and food and drink establishments that collect biometric identifying information, including from customers and employees, post a "clear and conspicuous" notice to that effect near customer entrances.
Get Ready for New York City's New Biometric Identifier Information Law
June 22, 2021 | Blog | By Cynthia Larose, Michael Graif
2021 could be another record year for new and pending privacy legislation, including laws either banning outright or placing limits on the use of technology involving biometric information. Just this year, Portland, Oregon implemented a ban on facial recognition technology beginning January 1. Although the New York State Legislature failed to pass a broad biometric privacy law for the third session in a row, New York City recently adopted its own biometrics privacy legislation that is set to take effect on July 9, 2021.
Supreme Court to Consider When Inaccurate Information in a Copyright Registration Affects its Validity in Unicolors v. H&M
June 9, 2021 | Blog | By Michael Graif
After five years of litigation, the battle between Unicolors, a California-based fabric design company, and H&M is still going strong. Now the United States Supreme Court has agreed to decide whether an inaccuracy in Unicolors' copyright registration invalidates its registration and thus a jury's $1 million damages award in Unicolors' favor.
EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS: Intellectual Property — Understanding the SCOTUS Fair Use Decision in Google v. Oracle
May 20, 2021 | Podcast | By Michael Graif
Does Google's Android API infringe Oracle's copyright in its Java API? That's the question the Supreme Court was asked to deal with in Google v. Oracle recently.
United States Supreme Court Rules for Google in a Landmark Fair Use Decision
April 6, 2021 | Blog | By Michael Graif, Matthew Hurley, Geoffrey Friedman
On April 5, 2021, the United States Supreme Court issued a significant fair use decision, holding six to two that Google's copying of 11,500 lines of code from Oracle's Java SE API in Google's Android platform was a fair and transformative use.
It's Not Such a Breeze: Assessing Your Service Providers after SolarWinds
March 2, 2021 | Blog | By Michael Graif, Cynthia Larose
In the recent SolarWinds hack, the routine task of downloading a software update turned into a cybersecurity nightmare for over 18,000 organizations including the Treasury Department, AT&T and up to 85% of Fortune 500 companies. New York has the SHIELD Act, a statute that requires that organizations select third party service providers "capable of maintaining appropriate cybersecurity safeguards".
Federal Circuit Affirms Right To Challenge Marks Without US Use
Federal Circuit sets high abandonment bar in Barclays: counsel
Mintz, Practitioners Ranked in 2022 World Trademark Review 1000
Justices Bolster Copyrights With Decision Curbing Challenges
NYC's Scary Biometric Data Law
Mintz Member Michael Graif was interviewed by Legal Talk Today to discuss New York City's Biometric Identifier Law, which will significantly impact many businesses in the City. The law bans the sale of biometric data but permits the use of biometric identifying technologies with posted notice to customers in "simple language" to be prescribed by forthcoming rules.
Google v Oracle: A Closer Look at the Dissent
Mintz Member Michael Graif authored an article published by World Intellectual Property Review that examined the U.S. Supreme Court's recent landmark decision in Google v. Oracle, which held that Google's limited copying of code from Oracle's Java SE Application Programming Interface constituted a fair and transformative use of that material under copyright law. Specifically, in his article, Mr. Graif unpacked a blistering 18-page dissent written by Supreme Court Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito.
SCOTUS 'Scares' Copyright Owners with Fair Use Expansion
In an article by World Intellectual Property Review, Mintz Member Michael Graif was among several IP professionals to discuss key takeaways from the Google v. Oracle judgment, specifically its impact on fair use.
In light of the recent SolarWinds hack, Mintz Member Michael R. Graif and Member and Chair of the firm's Privacy & Cybersecurity Practice Cynthia J. Larose co-authored an article published by the New York Law Journal examining diligence activities businesses can and should take when selecting third-party service providers, including ensuring compliance with the New York Stop Hacks and Improve Electronic Data Security (SHIELD) Act.
Mintz, Practitioner Ranked in 2021 World Trademark Review 1000
Renaming the Redskins: Inside the Process, Hurdles and Possible Fallout
In an article published by ESPN, Mintz Member Michael Graif discussed trademark issues the Washington Redskins will need to consider as they move forward with a probable name change.
How to Protect a Trademark or Copyright Internationally
An article published by Super Lawyers shared domestic legal advice for those looking abroad for their intellectual property. In the article, Mintz Member Michael Graif commented on key considerations for protecting a trademark or copyright in a foreign country.
Want To Avoid Costly Patent Cases? Amazon Offers A Hack
Amazon has a new idea for settling patent disputes — one that doesn't involve courtrooms, judges or expensive trials. Here, Michael Graif comments on the pilot program that allows patent owners to confront merchants they believe are selling infringing products on the platform.
DC Spy Museum in New Cold War With New York's KGB Museum
This article discusses a trademark battle between Washington D.C.'s International Spy Museum and New York's KGB Spy Museum. Mintz Member Michael Graif, who is not involved in the matter, is quoted providing third-party commentary.
Mintz Adds Experienced Trademark Strategist to Leading Intellectual Property Practice
Joining IP Hiring Wave, Mintz Adds Ex-Practice Chair at Curtis
This New York Law Journal feature article highlights the arrival of experience trademark strategist, Michael Graif. Michael, who previously led the intellectual property practice at Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle, joins the Mintz New York office as a Member.
Is Your Microwave Listening? Privacy and other Legal Issues in the Smart Home
The Inspired Home Show
Intellectual Property Law 101: What every attorney should know
MyLawCLE
Cybersecurity Best Practices for Lawyers 2021
Practising Law Institute
Trademark Essentials for In-House Counsel
In-House Connect
Mintz, 666 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
AI, Robotics, and Championship Prospects to Harness the Power behind Algorithms
UPenn's Asian Law Review 2020 Symposium
Levy Conference Center, University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School
Practising Law Institute, 1177 Avenue Of The Americas, Second Floor, New York, NY
Cybersecurity Best Practices for Legal Services Providers 2019
PLI New York Center, 1177 Avenue of the Americas, (2nd floor), entrance on 45th Street, New York, New York
Free Speech and Online Platforms
Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal and Cardozo's Philosophy and Law Society
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, 55 Fifth Avenue, New York
Fake News and the New Administration
University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law Volume 19 Symposium Hate Crime v. Hate Speech: Exploring the First Amendment
Digital Creativity: Culture Reimagined
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York, NY
Selected Ethics Issues in IP Rights Enforcement and Defense
Practicing Law Institute Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement 2016 Seminar
Monetizing and Marketing Musicians Through Social Media (and avoiding missteps along the way)
Entertainment Business Law Seminar, CMJ Music Marathon
Attorney Advertising and Social Media and Ethical Implications
Hot Topics in Intellectual Property Law, New York Intellectual Property Law Association
EU Digital Single Market/Safe Harbor
Europe Team Meeting of U.S. Trade Commissioners stationed in Europe
Athletes' Rights in Evolving Sports Media
Third Annual Cardozo Sports Law Symposium
Intellectual Property Fundamentals: What Every Attorney Needs to Know
Brooklyn Bar Association
The Rise of Fantasy Sports and Sports Gambling: The Legal Issues Surrounding The Rising Popularity of Fantasy Sports Gambling
Cardozo Sports Law Symposium
Protecting Licensing Income Streams - Negotiating a Good Deal is no Guarantee!
Licensing Executives Society New York Chapter Fall Meeting
Ethics and Social Media - Why Can't We Be Friends?
New York State Bar Association's Entertainment, Arts and Sports Law Section's 25th Anniversary Celebration
Co-author, Copyright Trends: Substantial Similarity in the Age of Electronic Music, New York Law Journal, (January 2014)
World Trademark Review: WTR 1000 Leading Trademark Practitioners (2013 – 2022)
Pro Bono Award, Legal Aid Society (2005)
Included on the New York Super Lawyers list (2013 – 2019)
Member, New York Intellectual Property Law Association
Member, Law Society of Upper Canada
Member, International Trademark Association
Ontario Canada Bar
United States District Court for the Northern District of New York
Licensing & Technology Transactions
IP Due Diligence
University of Toronto (LLB)
University of Pennsylvania (BS, Electrical Engineering, magna cum laude)
August 1, 2022 |Blog


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Why Canadian data centres offer end users superior privacy
Competitive power rates, cool climates and low natural hazard risks have made Canada an integral player in the global data centre market. But atmospheric conditions and a lack of seismic activity aren't the only characteristics that give our country an edge in this booming industry. Canadian legislation and regulations surrounding data privacy and security are some of the most stringent in the world. As organizations continue to adapt to and welcome digitization and the IoT, vigilant security and privacy laws become ever more crucial, particularly for the safe storage of sensitive data and intel.
In Canada, our Personal Information Protection and Electronic Document Act (PIPEDA) requires companies to obtain explicit consent in the collection, disclosure and distribution of personal information in the course of their commercial activities. The Office of the Privacy Commissioner expressly states that commercial activities include the selling, bartering or leasing of information. According to legislature, companies must take all reasonable steps to protect information from unauthorized users. In other words, it is illegal for corporations to deny accountability for their employees' sensitive information storage and for that information to be collected, sold or distributed without consent.
Urbacon Data Centre Solutions (UDCS) has been building, maintaining and operating data centre facilities for over 30 years, bringing over two million SF of protected, industry-leading space to fruition. Safeguarded under Canadian legislation, our data centres also offer end users continuous uptime with reliable, highly-efficient and redundant systems. Our firm is now emerging as a leading wholesale colocation provider in Canada with multiple next generation data centres in diverse locales around the country.


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The writings of this most important of pre-Socratic philosophers is in the form of aphorisms, with many maxim and illustrations of his points, much in the riddling manner of an oracle, which was perhaps why he was known as 'the dark philosopher'.
The philosopher was famous for the saying, 'You cannot swim twice in the same river', was a born into an aristocratic family, but declined the high position hence due him, cynical after seeing democracy fail and turn into anarchy, and contemptuous of humankind.
He chose the solitude of the sanctuary of Artemis to the life of public affairs. Rather than water, considered the primordial substance by Thales, he believed that fire was the primary cause, transformed first into water, then condensed into earth, and finally returning to fire in a continual cycle.
His belief in constant flux is reflected in the saying quoted above, meaning that nothing remains the same, since all is in constant motion. His ideas about evolution involves fire as the motive force, with heat representing awareness and motion, which were related, as cold., antithetically, symbolizing stillness, or lack of life.
He saw the elements in constant struggle, with life coming about due to a temporary state of balance, which presented the illusion of permanency, though the opposing elements always reverted to struggle and conflict.
Perhaps in regard to his view of perpetual flux and the illusion of a fixed reality, his philosophy resembled that of Hindu philosophy, with its concept of 'maya' (illusion).
Socrates was given a copy of Heraklitos' work, entitled 'On Nature', by Euripides, and Socrates comment upon reading it was that what he had understood was significant, but that what he had failed to understand was equally so, and that 'you must be a very strong swimmer of the spirit not to drown in this book'.


Institute of Directors in New Zealand (IoD) chief executive Kirsten Patterson says the world is in a period of exponential change. The technological disruption brought by the current 'Fourth Revolution' will require New Zealand's directors to engage in innovative thinking, agility and sound risk management.
Datamine Founder and IoD member Paul O'Connor echoes Kirsten's sentiments - here is his take on the risks (and opportunities) technological disruption is posing for Directors in New Zealand.
As Directors, part of our risk oversight duty is to work with management to develop and ultimately approve the business strategy and prepare for the future as best we can, because the unknowns often pose either a major risk or a major opportunity for the organisation. Therein lies the conundrum – in order to keep pace, we've got to stay up to date and constantly be on the lookout for new technologies to capitalise on. Meanwhile, we must also look at the risks these emerging technologies bring with them and making sure we have our data governance and management, digital leadership, cyber security and privacy compliance sorted.
This may be sales, production, distribution, partnerships or any other business area. What area of the business is showing the most risk (or promise) of being disrupted technologically?
For each of these areas, take note of what's available, what competitors are doing and what adjacent industries are creating and adapting to fit the evolving market. Research and compare your business to others - what have similar organisations struggled with, or excelled in? And how can you apply those learnings to your situation?
This should be with other Directors, managers or anyone else that has knowledge in the specific areas where things could potentially be disrupted. Bringing together your collective intelligence and broad range of skills and expertise, discuss the potential risks and opportunities that could arise from the areas identified in your market analysis. Develop a straw man or a walking skeleton outlining these factors, and work together with leaders from across the business to refine them.
List out the activities and technologies you need to prioritise, both in terms of risks and opportunities - this could be technologies the business should adopt or competitors may introduce, or it could be preventative measures you should take in order to combat an emerging technology that could threaten your business.
Given the list of priorities, start to set the direction for what you want to do - does your list err more on the side of risk-averse? Or are new technologies presenting more opportunities than they are risks? Use this information to identify the different factors that will impact, either positively or negatively, the achievement of your organisational objectives.
You'll need to nurture (or bring on) a team of people who have the expertise necessary to lead your business through, and capitalise on, this era of unparalleled technologic disruption.
As you can imagine, this is a time-consuming and potentially uncomfortable process, but it needs to happen in order to ensure your business stays up to speed with the pace of technology. And if you have the right support around you, it works – we've been using this framework for our AI and Machine Learning initiatives since the 90s, when we came across the very new (and very untested) technology and saw both an opportunity and a risk. As you might guess, the opportunity outweighed the risk, and we became one of the first NZ companies to hit the AI and Machine Learning scene with some neural network patents designed to streamline business operations. Today, we use our knowledge and expertise in this space to help our clients turn new techs into competitive advantages through their data analytics, their AI and automation projects, blockchain initiatives and more.
Technological disruption is a very real phenomenon in today's business sphere – and it's one we're all ultimately going to have to embrace. But with careful consideration, and by simultaneously capitalising on opportunities and mitigating risks, we can guide our organisations through the changing technology market.
Paul founded Datamine in 1995 and has overseen the company's growth into its current position as a key player in the data analytics community. He brings a human touch to data analysis, translating 'geek-speak' into English and never failing to turn the imponderable into actionable insights.