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HomeReviewReview of Games you can Play in your Head
12th January 2022 Ludogogy Review, Review2201 0
I've long been a fan of 'elegant' games, by which I mean games that achieve a great deal of gameplay – and therefore fun – without having lots of materials or overly complex rules and mechanisms. I also, at times, especially since lockdown, struggle to gather together sufficient people to play some of my favourite tabletop games, so I've come to appreciate games which allow for solo play.
So, imagine my joy at discovering a game, or actually, a collection of games, which require no materials at all, beyond the complex computer situated between your ears, and has the subtitle 'By Yourself'.
Games You Can Play In Your Head By Yourself is a collection of 10 games, gathered by Editors Sam Gorski and D.F. Lovett. They discovered six volumes of the original 14 volume set by J Theophrastus Bartholomew at a yard sale in 2015, and have selected these ten as being their favourites from those.
Top 10 Games You Can Play In Your Head, By Yourself: Second Edition available at Amazon
Each game provides you with a series of stimuli for you to create a character and setting for your game, more accurately, to elaborate on the skeleton character and setting suggested for you. For example, the first game, Adventure, casts you as an Indiana Jones/Lara Croft type (depending on your gender choice) who is about to embark on the exploration of a tomb in 1940s Egypt. The exact specification of the tomb is decided by you as part of the process of preparing yourself to play, as are your age, your nationality and politics, or even whether you are undead or not. You have a choice of disturbing childhood memories to draw upon as motivation/distraction during your adventure.
Once you have gone through the detailed preparation, you are ready to begin the game – which starts in the same way for each game – with the single word 'GO'. You then sit quietly, on your own and play your chosen game, interacting with the characters you have imagined, walking the terrain described by maps you have drawn in your imagination, and seeing what becomes of you.
At the end of the book, you can read some of the experiences of those who have played these games before. You can read about Brad who accidentally assassinated the wrong person when playing 'Murder Night' and planted his gun on the Butler. You can recoil in horror at the idea that Chris nearly starved to death when playing 'Dungeons'.
Playing with your Shadow Self
Before you start to play any of the games there is a practice exercise where you get to literally split yourself in two – your own self and your Shadow Self, and then play a simple game – a bit like the Tray Memory game, where your Shadow Self goes into a house and steals an object. You then have to go back into the house and work out what it is they have stolen. My Shadow stole a Yard of Ale. I have no idea why, and I also have no idea how they managed to hide it about their person as we passed in the entrance to the house.
Some of the games are also played with your Shadow Self. In fact, playing against your Shadow Self is considered the Expert version of the 'Chess' game. The Shadow Self also provides something of a Red Thread running through the book, as after some of the games, you are asked to return to the house you imagined (Your Sanctuary) and hide something you have just brought back from your latest game. At the end, your treasures provide you with an opportunity to reflect and reminisce.
Hard Fun
There is no denying that the core activity of this book is much, much more difficult to do than the simple instructions would imply, but perseverance pays off. The skills are much more akin to meditation, or guided daydreaming than 'playing a game', although I think that long-term practice of the games in this book might make the time spent alone living other lives in your head, feel more playful and less like a repeated failure to stay focused.
Some games designers reading this may well find inspiration to create similar games, but I think it would be difficult to design a form of these games that would be playable quickly, for most people. I would suggest that the greatest value of this book, comes therefore, from its potential as a tool for exercising your own creativity, which is essential for practitioners in our field.
This, if we were to apply the work of Nicole Lazzaro, is most definitely Hard Fun, both in the sense that the practice itself is difficult, but also in the sense that the things that you discover about yourself, through working and playing with your Shadow Self, can also be challenging.
A deeply strange, but beguiling book, highly recommended if you want to dip into the games to learn how to play creatively on your own, but also because there is an easter egg which gives the whole thing a really satisfying symmetry – and which will make you smile when you work it out.
Editor at Ludogogy
Sarah Le-Fevre is a games-based learning professional who specialises in organisational learning around systemic 'wicked problems', and helping businesses spot and exploit opportunities for ethical 'for good' innovation. She works with tools such as Lego® Serious Play® and the Octalysis gamification framework to create compelling immersive learning experiences. She is currently writing a book outlining a systems practice approach to delivering impactful learning within organisations.
A real board games nerd, she is considering having her floors reinforced to support the ever increasing weight of the boxes. When she is not designing or facilitating learning games she is the editor of Ludogogy Magazine, and also the community facilitator for Speculative Optimism, a futures-thinking based co-creation project to imagine and then realise better futures for people and planet. Sarah lives in Oxfordshire with her husband, younger daughter, and a beautiful (but very loud) Bengal cat. Contact her at sarah@ludogogy.co.uk
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Competing against hundreds of BPA students, Midway High School swept the regional competition with 36 students advancing to the state level competition. This includes 14 first place medalists/groups. The students compete in categories like "Fundamental Accounting," "Java," and "Global Marketing." They will travel to Dallas on March 2-4 to compete with students from schools all over Texas. Congratulations to these students for their hard work. Good luck at state!
I was wondering if any of the top placing students in Entrepreneurship have any tips or tricks on the creation of the business plan and presenting, thanks ahead of time.


Three sites in South Australia, two at Kimba and one in the Flinders Rangers have been shortlisted to become a national nuclear waste dump. South Australians have a long history of opposing waste dumps and have state legislation opposing it. We are working hard to have a voice in the debate and represent many South Australians who don't want us to go down the radioactive path.
For more information on both the nuclear Royal Commission and the National Radioactive Waste Management project check out the nuclear page on the Conservation SA website.
This February, Conservation SA, the Australian Conservation Foundation and Friends of the Earth have launched a postcard campaign calling for a renewable not radioactive South Australia. We are collecting signed postcards to hand to the SA Government when the Nuclear Royal Commission delivers its final report in May 2016. Watch out for postcards around town in the Avant Card displays or drop into the Joinery in Franklin St to grab some.
Can you help us collect signed postcards? If you think you could get 10, 20, 50 or even 100 signed in your community - please give Cat a call on 08 8223 5155 or email cat.beaton@conservationsa.org.au - we can post them out to you or feel free to pick some up at the Joinery at 111 Franklin St, Adelaide.
In coming days we will have an online function available also so you will be able to invite friends and family online to get involved.


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Composer — менеджер пакетів прикладного рівня для мови програмування PHP що забезпечує стандартний формат для управління залежностями у програмному забезпеченні та необхідними бібліотеками. Він був розроблений Нілом Адерманом і Хорді Боггіано, які і досі супроводжують проект. Вони почали розробку в квітні 2011 року і вперше випустили його 1 березня 2012 року. Composer брав натхнення з «npm» для Node.js і «bundler» для Ruby's. Спочатку в основі був алгоритм залежностей проекту з openSUSE's libzypp.

Composer працює з командного рядка і встановлює залежності (наприклад, бібліотек) для застосунку. Він також дозволяє користувачам встановлювати PHP пакети, доступні на «Packagist», який є його основним сховищем, яке містить доступні пакети. Він також реалізує автозавантажувач класів, для встановлених бібліотек і це полегшує використання коду від сторонніх розробників.

Composer використовується як складова частина декількох популярних PHP проектів з відкритим вихідним кодом, наприклад: Laravel, Symfony.

На логотипі проекту зображений диригент, а не композитор. Тим не менш, деякі члени спільноти Composer вважають, що на логотипі зображено відомого композитора Бетховена.

Фреймворки, які використовують Composer
 Symfony з версії 2 і новіші
 Laravel з версії 4 і новіші
 CodeIgniter з версії 3.0 і новіші
 CakePHP з версії 3.0 і новіші
 FuelPHP з версії 2.0 і новіші
 Drupal з версії 8 і новіші

Примітки

Посилання
 Composer на GitHub
 Документація
 Packagist — головний репозитарій Composer
 Composer  на Open Hub

Вільні системи керування пакунками
Вільне програмне забезпечення на PHP

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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December 17, 2018updated 20 Dec 2018 9:12am
DoTr to endorse NLAC's bid to operate Clark Airport
The Department of Transportation (DoTr) in the Philippines is set to endorse a proposal by the North Luzon Airport Consortium (NLAC) to assume the operations and management of Clark International Airport to the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA).
Departure hall of the Clark International Airport in Philippines. Credit: TheJMP617.
The Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA) is implementing the project and aims to complete the awarding process before the end of this year to a winning consortium for a period of 25 years.
Executives from the BCDA have not responded to requests for comment.
Competing alliance X-Droid Consortium was disqualified earlier this year, which strengthened the NLAC's position.
If the contract is awarded to the NLAC, it will be responsible for the operations and maintenance of both Clark International Airport's existing passenger terminal and a new terminal, which is set to be operational by 2020.
The new building spans more than 100,000m² and will increase the airport's capacity to eight million passengers per annum from the current four million.
According to reports, North Luzon Airport has agreed to sign a revenue-sharing arrangement that will see the government receive an 18.25% share of gross revenue, which is above the minimum requirement of 10%.
A number of airlines operate from the airport, including Qatar Airways, Jin Air, Cebu Pacific, Tigerair, Asiana Airlines, AirAsia, Dragon Air, Philippine Airlines and Emirates Airlines.
The NLAC is a consortium of Changi Airport, JG Summit Holdings, Filinvest Development and Philippine Airport Ground Support Solutions.
Aero Design Services
FAA-Approved Aircraft Interior Design, Aircraft Interior Conversion Engineering and Aircraft Seating Solutions
AIRSIDE
Independent Consultants for Airport and Security Planning Services
Rucker Equipamentos Industriais
Ground Support Equipment, Aircraft Refuellers and Terminal Tractors for Airports

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Richard Trevithick: Greenwich Explosion
Note: This is a sub-section of Richard Trevithick
1803 September 8th. One of Trevithick's stationary pumping engines in use at Greenwich exploded, killing 4 men. A contemporary account:-
'Tuesday se'nnight, a dreadful accident happened at a steam engine, employed to assist in clearing the works from water at the Tide Mills, now erecting in the marsh between Greenwich aud Woolwich. The engine was on Mr Trevitheck's plan, and worked by the expansive force of the steam only, without employing corndensation. Unfortunately the high pressure of the steam burst the boiler, and, literally blew the engine to pieces; by which accident three men were killed on the spot, and three others, all that were there at the time, so much hurt, that two of them are not expected to recover. It was a fortunate circumstance that the accident happened at a time when the workmen were at dinner, or a much greater number might have lost their lives. The engines on Mr Trevitheck's plan require a boiler of immense strength, for they work with a power sometimes equal to 60 pounds on the square inch. (Common engines, even Mr Watt's, seldom work more than 5lb.) After such an accident as this, it would be no easy matter to induce manufacturers to employ engines furnished with boilers similar to the one that thus exploded; but another engineer has just invented a boiler, consisting of a combination of cylinders, which unites the double advantage of exposing a much larger surface to the actopn of the fire, than boilers on the common construction, with a degree of strength equal to any power of steam.'[1]
Although Trevithick considered the explosion was caused by another case of careless operation rather than design error, the incident was exploited relentlessly by his competitors and promoters of the low-pressure engine, Boulton and Watt, who highlighted the perceived risks of using high pressure steam.
Trevithick's response was to incorporate two safety valves into future designs, only one of which could be adjusted by the operator. The adjustable valve comprised a disk covering a small hole at the top of the boiler above the water level in the steam chest. The force exerted by the steam pressure was equalised by an opposite force created by a weight attached to a pivoted lever. The position of the weight on the lever was adjustable thus allowing the operator to set the maximum steam pressure.
The second valve was in fact a lead plug critically positioned in the boiler just below the minimum safe water level. Under normal operation the water temperature could not exceed that of boiling water and therefore kept the lead below its melting point. In the event of the water running low, once it had exposed the lead plug the cooling effect of the water was lost and the temperature could rise sufficiently to melt the lead. This would release steam into the atmosphere, reduce the boiler pressure and provide an audible alarm in sufficient time for the operator to damp down the fire and let the boiler cool naturally before any permanent damage could occur
↑ Newcastle Courant - Saturday 24 September 1803
Retrieved from "https://blog.gracesguide.co.uk/index.php?title=Richard_Trevithick:_Greenwich_Explosion&oldid=1048746"


This will list all the 'huts' in this area. This system allows you to install your own 'rooms' without having to contact a staff member to do so for you. Please make sure to follow all the instructions on +help homes.


The postpartum period provides an important opportunity to address unmet need for contraception and reduce short birth intervals. This study aims to assess the association between skilled maternal healthcare and postpartum contraceptive use in Ethiopia.
Data for this analysis come from the 2011 to 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) and include nearly 5000 married women of reproductive age with a recent birth. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to investigate the relationship between skilled maternal healthcare and postpartum contraceptive use.
Between rounds of the 2011 and 2016 EDHS, the postpartum contraceptive prevalence increased from 15 to 23% and delivery in public facilities, use of skilled birth assistance, and skilled antenatal care also grew. In both survey rounds, educated women had approximately twice the odds of postpartum contraceptive use, compared with non-educated women, while an initially significant relationship between wealth and postpartum contraceptive use diminished in significance by 2016. Women with a desire to limit future pregnancy had five to six times the odds of postpartum contraceptive use in both survey rounds, and women in 2016 – unlike those in 2011 – with a desire to delay pregnancy were significantly more likely to use contraception (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.38, 95% CI: 1.46-13.18) compared to women who wanted another child soon. In 2011, no statistically significant associations were found between any maternal healthcare and postpartum contraceptive use. In contrast, in 2016, postpartum contraceptive use was significantly associated with an institutional delivery (AOR = 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-2.62) and skilled antenatal care (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.41-4.10). No significant relationship was observed in either survey round between postpartum contraceptive use and skilled delivery or postnatal care.
A comparison of postpartum women in the 2011 and 2016 EDHS reveals increased use of both contraception and skilled maternal healthcare services and improved likelihood of contraceptive use among women with an institutional delivery or antenatal care, perhaps as a result of increased attention to postpartum family planning integration. Additionally, results suggest postpartum women are now using contraception to space future pregnancies, with the potential to help women achieve more optimal birth intervals.
Approximately 20% of births in low-income countries are to women with fewer than 24 months since their previous birth, resulting in a significant number of birth intervals of short duration [1–3]. The critical public health importance of optimal birth intervals for women and children are well-documented. Birth intervals spanning two to five years are associated with improved child nutrition, reduced likelihood of preterm birth and low birth weight, and – subsequently – increased child survival [4–6]. Optimal child spacing may also reduce the likelihood of abortion, miscarriage, and stillbirth and reduces competition among siblings [1, 7]. In addition to these benefits for children and infants, women with healthy birth intervals are at reduced risk of maternal death and pregnancy-related morbidity . As such, family planning programs have great potential to reduce maternal, child, and infant mortality in developing country settings by helping women achieve healthy birth intervals. Experts estimate nearly one third of all maternal deaths and close to 10 % of deaths to children under five years of age could be averted by eliminating short birth intervals [4, 9].
One key strategy for ensuring optimal birth intervals is the promotion of contraceptive use in the postpartum period . Evidence suggests that the vast majority of women in developing countries wish to avoid pregnancy in the first year following a birth, but unmet need within this vulnerable group is consistently higher than in women outside of the extended postpartum period; some estimates of unmet need in the extended postpartum period are as high as 65% [10–13]. A variety of reasons may contribute to unmet need among postpartum women; yet several studies conducted in countries in Africa and Asia have demonstrated that use of maternal health services, such as pre- and postnatal care and institutional delivery, can enhance postpartum family planning use [14–18]. Therefore, the postpartum period provides a unique and critical opportunity to fulfil unmet need for contraceptives and to reduce the risks of closely spaced pregnancies . Integration of family planning counselling with pre- and postpartum services has the potential to help motivated women achieve adequate birth spacing as well as limit unintended pregnancy. A recent study provides compelling evidence that the provision of information on family planning to women in the postpartum period resulted in significantly increased contraceptive use .
Ethiopia has a total population of 95 million people, nearly one quarter of which are women of reproductive age. The catchment area of primary health care facilities (public hospitals, health centres, and health posts) covers nearly 92% of the population . Despite the potential to reach a vast majority of the Ethiopian population, in reality, a much smaller portion of the population utilise skilled maternal healthcare services in Ethiopia: in 2016, 26% of pregnant women delivered in a health facility, 62% of pregnant women received skilled antenatal care, and 17% received skilled postnatal care . The current prevalence of modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia is approximately 25% of all women of reproductive age and 35% of married women of reproductive age; nearly one out of every four married women of reproductive age has an unmet need for family planning [21, 22]. An analysis of birth intervals in 44 low-income countries found 46% of parous women sampled in the 2005 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) reported birth intervals of less than two years. In comparison, among the 25 other African countries included in the analysis, the percent of women with a birth interval under two years ranged from 24 to 54% and, when compared with Ethiopia, only four African countries had a larger percentage of women with birth intervals under two years .
The 2011 Ethiopian national guidelines for family planning services mandate integration of family planning services with all skilled maternal healthcare services . Government health policies also aim to increase the contraceptive prevalence rate among married women of reproductive age to 55% and to reduce unmet need to 10% by 2020 . One key and promising national strategy being implemented in an effort to achieve these targets is promotion of postpartum contraceptive use through the scale-up of existing postpartum family planning services by expanding the services to district level health facilities and universal access of contraceptive methods in the immediate postpartum period in 2020 [24, 25]. Towards this end, additional information is needed to better understand whether use of skilled maternal healthcare services such as pre- and postnatal care and institutional delivery might impact subsequent postpartum contraceptive use in Ethiopia.
The present study uses large scale national datasets collected in 2011 and 2016 to examine the association between use of skilled maternal healthcare services and subsequent postpartum contraceptive use among married reproductive aged women in Ethiopia, and compares the findings between the two surveys. The findings of this study can inform policies and programs designed to improve postpartum family planning use, reduce unmet need, and reduce the prevalence of short birth intervals among Ethiopian women.
The Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) was first implemented in Ethiopia in 2000 and a total of four national surveys have been conducted as of 2016. The present analysis uses data from the latest two rounds of the EDHS, collected in 2011 and 2016. The EDHS is a cross-sectional survey conducted every five to six years to measure the demographic and health-related characteristics of the population . The EDHS 2011 survey was conducted from December 2010 to June 2011 and includes interviews with a total of 16,515 women of reproductive age . The EDHS 2016 survey was conducted from January to June 2016 and includes a sample of 15,683 women of reproductive age . A stratified, two-stage cluster sampling procedure was used to recruit the nationally representative sample in both surveys. The 11 administrative regions found in Ethiopia were initially stratified into urban and rural areas. Each stratum was subdivided into districts (woredas), and woredas were then subdivided into kebeles (the smallest administrative unit in Ethiopia). Finally each kebele was subdivided into Enumeration Areas (EAs) that served as sampling clusters. A total of 624 EAs were included in EDHS 2011 and 645 EAs were included in EDHS 2016. In the present analysis, we included married/in sexual union, non-pregnant women who gave birth in the 12 months prior to data collection. As a result, a total of 2545 married/in sexual union women in EDHS 2011 and 2386 married/in sexual union women in EDHS 2016 were included in our final analysis (Fig. 1). The analysis was restricted to married/in sexual union women to allow cross-country comparisons of contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR), which is often calculated only for married women and those in sexual union. Additionally, we excluded women who were not married or in sexual union because they are not considered at risk for pregnancy and therefore do not require methods of pregnancy prevention, the main outcome of interest in this analysis.
In this analysis the dependent variable is a binary variable for postpartum contraceptive use. Postpartum contraceptive use is defined as any self-reported use of a modern contraceptive method (modern methods reported in this sample included: female sterilization, implant, intrauterine device (IUD), injectable, oral contraceptive, emergency contraceptive, lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) or condom) at the time of data collection. Those women not reporting any modern method use and those reporting traditional method use (periodic abstinence or withdrawal) were classified as non-users.
We examined the association between postpartum contraceptive use and four key maternal healthcare services, all coded as binary variables: institutional delivery, presence of a skilled birth attendant, skilled antenatal care, and skilled postnatal care. Institutional delivery was classified based on the place of delivery. A woman was defined as having an institutional delivery if she had given birth (the most recent time) at a hospital, health centre, or any private facility; otherwise women were classified as having a home delivery. Skilled attendance at birth was based on who attended the delivery irrespective of the place of delivery. Those women whose most recent birth was attended by a professional (doctor, midwife or nurse, health officer) possessing midwifery skills were classified as having skilled attendance at birth. Skilled antenatal care included any woman receiving one or more episodes of antenatal care by a skilled provider. Skilled postnatal care was based on health check-ups by skilled professionals (doctor, midwife or nurse, health officer) for women who delivered in a health facility or at home within the first six weeks of the participant's most recent delivery.
Demographic, reproductive health and other factors were also examined as potential covariates in this analysis. Demographic variables include age, rural versus urban residence, region, religion, participant's education, partner's education, employment status, wealth, and parity. Reproductive health and other factors include birth order, concordant family planning preferences, fertility preferences, women's decision-making, contraceptive knowledge (the ability to mention at least one method), any visit from a family planning worker in the last 12 months, and exposure to family planning media messages (newspaper, radio, television, or mobile SMS text) in the last few months. Women's decision making was defined by whether a woman reports that she can make decisions by herself or jointly with her partner about the following: decisions about health service utilisation, decisions about household purchases, and decisions to visit family or relatives. Specific categories for these variables are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3.
We used STATA version 14.0 to conduct all the analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables described above. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to estimate adjusted odds ratios. Those demographic and reproductive health variables described above which had a p-value of less than 0.2 in the binary logistic regression analysis were included as covariates in our model. During EDHS 2011, some areas were over-sampled in order to have regional estimates. Additionally, non-response was observed in the survey. In order to ensure the actual representativeness of survey results at the national level, all analyses in the present study were weighted. The complete sample weight computation is available with the dataset provided by ICF International.
This analysis includes nearly 5000 married/in sexual union women of reproductive age with a birth in the 12 months preceding the survey; 2545 of these women participated in the 2011 EDHS while the remaining 2386 were participants in the 2016 survey. As seen in Table 1, about half of all women (47% in 2011 and 50% in 2016) were between the ages of 25 and 34, with a median age of 28 years. The majority of the respondents (87% in 2011 and 88% in 2016) were rural residents. Oromo and Amhara ethnic groups were the predominant groups in both rounds of the EDHS. With regard to the level of education, the proportion of women who did not have any formal education decreased from 67% in 2011 to 59% in 2016 and the proportion of women who completed secondary education more than doubled between surveys (4% in 2011 to 9% in 2016). Likewise, the proportion of participants whose partners completed secondary education nearly doubled between surveys from 9 to 15%. About 53% of these postpartum women were not working outside the home. When looking at the household wealth, 46% of participants in both surveys were in the poorest group, with no change between surveys in terms of the distribution of wealth.
As shown in Table 2, in both surveys, more than a third of women had between one and two children, more than a fourth had three to four children, and nearly a third had five or more children. For the majority of participants (80 to 85%), their most recent birth was not their first birth, although first-time deliveries increased by about 5 % when comparing the 2011 and 2016 samples. Few changes were seen between surveys in terms of family size concordance, with just about 40% of couples agreeing on ideal family size and approximately one in four women reporting that their partner wants a bigger family than they do. In both surveys, fertility preferences remained approximately stable, with only about six to 8 % of women reporting a desire for another child soon; about one third reported not wanting any more children and more than half reported wishing to delay their next pregnancy. Ability to mention at least one contraceptive method remained nearly universal in both survey rounds and exposure to family planning media messages stayed stable at around 25%. Notably, the percentage of women reporting some degree of decision-making power increased from 50 to 68%. Also of note, the percentage of women who reported a visit by a family planning worker in the preceding 12 months doubled between surveys from 16 to 33%.
In the last five years, the prevalence of contraceptive use increased by 53% from 15% in 2011 to 23% in 2016 (Table 3). In terms of the contraceptive method mix in both surveys, injectable contraception was the predominant method (Fig. 2). While there were little to no changes in the contribution to the national method mix by pills, female sterilization, condoms, and LAM, there was a notable change in the contribution of implants (10% in 2011 vs 16% in 2016) and IUD (1% in 2011 vs 4% in 2016) (Fig. 2).
With respect to maternal healthcare, while only about one in ten women reported delivery in a health facility in 2011, more than a third of our 2016 sample reported delivery in a health facility. Use of public facilities became nearly universal within our 2016 sample, as compared to private facility use, among those women not delivering at home. Additionally we observed a threefold increase in the use of skilled assistance during delivery and a twofold increase in the number of women receiving skilled antenatal care, when comparing the two survey samples. We also observed modest increases in the number of women with four or more antenatal visits and skilled postnatal care (Table 3).
In our 2011 sample of postpartum women, two demographic characteristics were strongly associated with postpartum family planning. Women in the highest wealth category had nearly three times the odds of postpartum contraceptive use compared to women in the lowest wealth category. In addition to wealth, education was strongly associated with postpartum contraceptive use in the 2011 sample; those with at least a primary education were nearly twice as likely to use contraception, compared to women with no education. In our 2016 sample of postpartum women, education remains associated with contraceptive use but the magnitude of the association between wealth and family planning use is greatly reduced and the result is only marginally significant (Tables 4 and 5).
In the 2011 sample of postpartum women, the strongest association with postpartum contraceptive use was seen among women who reported a desire to avoid future pregnancy. Women who wanted no more children had six times the odds of postpartum contraceptive use compared to women who would like to have a child soon. We did not find any relationship between women with a desire to delay pregnancy and contraceptive use in our 2011 sample of women. In the 2016 data, our sample of women also demonstrated a strong likelihood to use contraception in the postpartum period if they preferred no more children; in contrast with the 2011 data however, our 2016 sample of women were also significantly more likely to use contraception if they had a desire to delay a future pregnancy (AOR: 4.38, 95% CI: 1.46 – 13.18) (Tables 4 and 5).
Regarding use of skilled maternal healthcare, no statistically significant associations were found in the 2011 sample of women. Women who delivered in a health facility or with a skilled attendant were no more likely than women with home births or those without skilled attendance to use postpartum family planning. Similarly, women with antenatal care visits were no more likely to use postpartum family planning than those without such visits. We found only a marginally significant relationship between postnatal care and postpartum contraceptive use in the 2011 data. In contrast, delivery within a health facility as well as obtaining skilled antenatal care are both significantly associated with postpartum contraceptive use in the 2016 sample, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.71 (95% CI: 1.12-2.62) and 2.41 (95% CI: 1.41-4.10) respectively (Tables 4 and 5).
This study describes the prevalence of postpartum contraceptive use and skilled maternal healthcare among two representative samples (collected in 2011 and 2016) of married/in sexual union women in Ethiopia with a birth in the previous year. Our findings in both rounds are far lower than a finding from similar study in Indonesia (74%) . In our 2011 sample, we found low contraceptive use; only 15% of women were protected from early pregnancy. This is much lower than the overall prevalence of modern method use reported by married women in the 2011 EDHS (approximately 27%), despite the increased health risks to women in the postpartum period . Contraceptive use was much higher (23%) in our 2016 sample of married/in sexual union postpartum women, although still not keeping pace with the overall prevalence of modern method use among all married women of reproductive age in Ethiopia (35% in the 2016 EDHS). Additionally, when compared with the 2011 sample, women in our 2016 sample reported a higher prevalence of facility delivery, greater use of public facilities for delivery, higher prevalence of skilled assistance during delivery (especially nurse and midwife assistance), and a higher prevalence of receiving skilled ante- and postnatal care. In fact, the proportion of women reporting skilled birth assistance or pre- or postnatal care more than doubled and institutional births more than tripled during the five-year period. This growth between 2011 and 2016 in the prevalence of both contraceptive use and skilled maternal healthcare suggests government efforts to increase access to and use of these services are rapidly succeeding. However, the remaining large numbers of women giving birth at home and/or without assistance and without skilled postpartum care indicate the need for these efforts to continue.
In addition to increased uptake of both contraception and skilled maternal healthcare, we also noted a shift in the role played by both wealth and fertility intentions. In the 2011 data, residing in the highest wealth category was strongly associated with an increased likelihood of postpartum contraceptive use. In other words, among women in the 2011 sample, wealthier women were nearly three times more likely to use contraception compared to women in the lowest wealth category. This finding is consistent with studies conducted throughout Africa which have found that wealthier women were more likely to be using contraception compared to their poorer counterparts [17, 18, 30]. Although family planning services in Ethiopia are offered free of charge in public facilities, this finding could reflect indirect costs, such as transportation, which may prohibit access to family planning services. In the 2016 data however, wealth was only marginally significant in terms of its relationship with postpartum contraceptive use, with an adjusted odds ratio of far less magnitude (1.5 compared to 2.7 in 2011). This finding suggests that wealth may play a much smaller role in women's postpartum contraceptive behaviour compared to five years ago, perhaps as a result of increased outreach efforts; indeed, the proportion of participants reportedly visited by a family planning worker in the 12 months preceding the survey doubled between survey rounds. This finding is a promising indication that the prevalence of contraceptive use is not only rising, but that it is growing in ways that promote greater health equity.
Additionally, we saw in the 2011 data that women who didn't want any more children were significantly more likely to use family planning, compared to women with a desire to become pregnant again right away. This finding is unsurprising as we would expect greater contraceptive use among women who have already achieved (or possibly surpassed) their desired number of children, particularly when compared with women indicating a desire to have another child soon. However, women in the 2011 sample who wanted to delay (rather than avoid) their next pregnancy were no more likely to use family planning than women who wanted to become pregnant soon. In contrast, in the 2016 sample we see that women with a desire to delay their next pregnancy have more than 4 times the odds of family planning use compared to women who want a pregnancy soon. This suggests that postpartum women in Ethiopia are beginning to use contraception not just to avoid a future pregnancy but also to delay their next pregnancy; this increase in the use of contraception for birth spacing represents great promise in government efforts aimed at achieving optimal birth intervals and addressing unmet need for family planning.
Across both rounds of data collection and in agreement with numerous other studies [18, 31, 32], women's educational status was found to be associated with postpartum contraceptive use. In both samples, women who had at least some primary or secondary education had about twice the odds of contraceptive use as compared to non-educated women. Female education is widely thought to play an important role in fertility [33–35] and these findings support that conclusion.
Finally, this study investigated the association between several key maternal healthcare services and postpartum contraceptive use. Although numerous studies have shown a relationship between the use of some type of maternal healthcare service and postpartum contraceptive utilization, in the 2011 sample of women, these services did not show significant association. While these results may suggest no correlation between skilled maternal healthcare and subsequent postpartum contraceptive use in Ethiopia, we hypothesise two alternative explanations for this finding. First, it is possible that providers were offering family planning information to clients at the time they received one or more types of maternal healthcare services, but the amount or type of information provided may have been insufficient to result in actual contraceptive use. In other words, providers may have done a poor job of discussing information on a variety of methods or may have rushed through the information without verifying that women still recovering from labour and attending to a newborn are fully comprehending their contraceptive options and necessary next steps for obtaining their method of choice. Second, this finding could be the result of poor integration of family planning counselling and services during the provisions of skilled maternal healthcare. Services may be poorly integrated for a variety of reasons. Service providers may be poorly trained on integration protocols or may be simply unable to provide family planning information if experiencing a high case-load of clients. For example, a study in the capital city of Ethiopia showed that nearly two-third of pregnant women accessing antenatal care services did not receive any counselling about contraceptive methods . Further, even those providers who are well-trained may lack sufficient motivation to follow integration protocol unless increased supervision or other accountability mechanisms are in place [37–40].
In contrast to the null findings in our 2011 sample regarding skilled maternal healthcare and postpartum contraceptive use, within our 2016 sample, we found that both delivery within a health care facility and receipt of skilled antenatal care approximately doubled the odds of postpartum contraceptive use. These findings are in line with previous studies investigating the impact of postpartum family planning integration on subsequent contraceptive use [15–19, 31]. The fact that these associations did not exist in the 2011 sample lends some weight to our hypothesis that postpartum family planning messages and services were not well integrated in Ethiopia in 2011 compared to 2016. The new associations emerging in the 2016 data suggest that the Ethiopian ministry of health is succeeding in their demonstrated efforts to integrate contraceptive messages and services during the prenatal period as well as at some point before the patient exits the facility after giving birth. In other words, not only are women having more skilled care before, during, and after delivery, our findings suggest that women may also receive more exposure to family planning services during this critical time; It appears that facilities are capitalising on the convenience of reaching women with family planning messaging while they are already at the facility giving birth.
Importantly, despite remarkable progress in postpartum contraceptive use and increased use of skilled maternal healthcare in Ethiopia, there are still large numbers of women giving births at home, without benefit of skilled antenatal care or skilled delivery, and without skilled postnatal care following their birth. These findings suggest the Ethiopian government would benefit from examining the variety of factors that may be keeping skilled care beyond the reach of large numbers of women, for example the quality of family planning counselling provided during outreach to rural women in their residential homes. Currently, the Ethiopian government has an ambitious plan to achieve nearly universal coverage for ante- and postnatal care and skilled birth attendance . There is much progress remaining in obtaining this goal and the government should continue to prioritize and reinforce efforts to expand and improve maternal healthcare, postpartum contraceptive use, and integration of family planning into all reproductive health services.
This study is not without limitations. First, the data used in this analysis are self-reported and therefore may bias results if participants felt the need to alter their responses based on perceived preferences of the enumerators. Second, while participants report on whether or not they received various types of maternal healthcare services, they did not report on the content of those services and – as we suggest above – it may be the case that not all service providers adhere to national guidelines that mandate family planning integration into reproductive healthcare services. Additionally, it is possible that some women may have started a contraceptive method at some point following their most recent birth but may have discontinued that method prior to being interviewed. In this case, it is possible that some women with some postpartum contraceptive use would have been misclassified as non-users. However, the majority of contraceptive users selected injectable contraception which has a duration of three months following each injection; we would not expect discontinuation rates to be high in the short period of time between contraceptive initiation and the date of interview, particularly among those women who did not immediately initiate contraception following birth and/or those whose last birth preceded the interview date by only a few months. In this regard, for instance, the present analysis shows that nearly two thirds of our participants commence contraceptive six months after delivery. Finally, participants vary in terms of the amount of time since their recent birth, with the time between birth and interview ranging from one to 12 months. Those with fewer months since their recent birth may differ from those with more distant births, and this heterogeneity may warrant further exploration in subsequent analyses.
In conclusion, the present study revealed that postpartum contraceptive use in Ethiopia is low but increased between 2011 and 2016. Unsurprisingly, educational obtainment and the desire to avoid future pregnancy were positively associated with postpartum contraceptive use in both survey rounds; however 2016 saw a diminished role of wealth as a key correlate of contraceptive use and an emerging association among women with a desire to delay their next pregnancy. Within our 2011 sample, several key maternal healthcare services such as antenatal care and institutional delivery had no association with postpartum contraceptive use, but these null findings became positive associations in the 2016 sample. These results suggest national efforts to strengthen the integration of family planning counselling and services with skilled maternal healthcare services are succeeding, allowing health care facilities to reduce missed opportunities for increasing contraceptive use among this critical population within Ethiopia. Efforts should continue given the large numbers of women in Ethiopia still delivering at home and without the benefit of skilled pre- and postnatal care.
We thank DHS Program for giving us permission to use the EDHS 2011 and EDHS 2016 data for this analysis.
We are grateful to the Carolina Population Center (CPC) (R24HD050924) for general support and to a career development grant (4R00HD086270-04) from the National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD) to the manuscript's senior author. However, beyond the general and career support to the manuscript's senior author, the funders did not have any role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript. The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of CPC or NICHD.
The datasets used for this study are publicly available from the DHS program website [http://dhsprogram.com/data/].
Initially conceived and designed the study: GAT, TTM and ZBM. Conducted the analysis: GAT. Wrote the paper and made revisions: GAT, KT. Reviewing the manuscript critically: TTM, ZBM. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Authorisation for using the data in the current study was granted from the DHS program upon presenting the aims of the study and the research plan. This analysis uses secondary, de-identified data made publicly available by ICF International and the EDHS. Ethical review for the primary data collection activities conducted by the EDHS was performed by the Review Board of the Ethiopian Health Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), the National Research Ethics Review Committee (NRERC) at the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Institutional Review Board of ICF International, and the United States Center for Disease Control. Detailed information on the data collection procedures employed by EHDS has been published as a full report elsewhere [21, 27].
The DHS data collection [http://dhsprogram.com/data/data-collection.cfm].
Population Reference Bureau (PRB): Family planning worldwide 2013 data. Washington DC: PRB; 2013. https://www.prb.org/family-planning-worldwide-2013/.


Fine condition. This engaging catalog features the photographic portraiture of the nineteenth-century Parisian Nadar and the twentieth-century New Yorker Andy Warhol . The two photographers have more in common than one might suppose, particularly as adroit manipulators who simultaneously promoted More…their own reputations and those of their subjects. Both men emerged from the Bohemia of their day to become photographers after following earlier artistic pursuits: Nadar as a writer and caricaturist, Warhol as a commercial graphic artist, then painter and filmmaker.
While celebrating their individual achievements, Nadar/Warhol: Paris/New York also illuminates the role of the visual artist in the conscious creation of celebrity and the changing nature of fame. Among the many portraits in this exhibition catalog are Nadar's photographs of such luminaries as George Sand, Alexandre Dumas, Victor Hugo, Jean-Francois Millet, and Sarah Bernhardt; and Warhols images of celebrities including Mick Jagger, Truman Capote, Jane Fonda, Robert Rauschenberg, Debbie Harry, Robert Mapplethorpe, and Liza Minnelli.


An adolescent male reads an International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) booklet at the Hera Port camp for Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) in East Timor.
A young indigenous girl in Guatemala holds up a Time magazine featuring U.S. President Barack Obama. The girl thought of the magazine as a present and said she would learn English in order to read it.


text:
The Jokes
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Pathos in the Plumbing ▾
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2007 (40 images / 2 pages)
2006 (15 images)
2005 (158 images / 7 pages)
2004 (326 images / 13 pages)
Archives ▾
Joke Archive
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My Rant Archive
Thinner than a Napkin
By f2x | Saturday, June 27, 2009 - 12:01 am | Sunday, February 11, 2018 Comic
So we're here at Ft. Dix, and an Army buddy of mine goes in for a pizza with me. As I'm eating it, I thought, "Not bad". He folded his napkin in half, laid it next to a slice and said, "Aw hell no!" The pizza was literally thinner than the folded napkin.
Maybe I'm wrong, but it just seems that businesses around military installations tend to rip off service members. Our schedules are stretched so thin that we never have time to go back to complain when shitty service happens. Since new service members keep coming through on a regular basis, the businesses never really build up a reputations and can perpetually get away with being shitty for profit.
The Pig Farmer
By f2x | Saturday, June 27, 2009 - 12:00 am | Saturday, June 27, 2009 Jokes
A city slicker went to the country to buy a pig. When he approached the pig farmer, he asked
for a 25 pound pig. The pig farmer put the pig's tail in his mouth and bobbed his head up and down. He then told the city slicker that the pig was too heavy – it was 30 pounds.
The city slicker told the farmer he didn't believe that was the way to weigh pigs.
The farmer called his son over and asked him to weigh the pig. The son put the pig's tail in his mouth, bobbed his head a couple of times and said the pig weighed 30 pounds.
The city slicker said the farmer and his son were putting him on. The farmer told his son to go get his mother and have her come out and weigh the pig.
The son went into the house and after a few minutes came out telling the father that the mother was busy weighing the mailman.
Very, VERY Busy.
Sorry, but you wouldn't believe just how busy I am.
Actually there are not any "Lawyer Jokes". Our legal counsel has indicated they are true stories.
They Never use my Ideas
No one likes to sleep more than I do… Why I should have ever joined the Army will forever remain a mystery to myself and everyone around me.
Pathos in the Plumbing
Sunday's Rant
Facts Don't Exist
I would really like to get an electric car. Presently I own two vehicles, a gas guzzling SUV from 2002 and a rusty sedan from 1997, neither of which is getting any prettier. Since their fuel and maintenance cost less than a car payment, I keep them.
Recently my dad disputed my assertion that when you do not factor in the price of the vehicle, EV's (electric vehicles) were cheaper to operate than ICE (internal combustion engine) vehicles. He didn't think that was true and that the only way to change his mind would be if he owned an EV to see for himself... a condition that could never be satisfied because he would never buy or lease an EV on principle.
It doesn't take a lot of Googling to learn that the Kilowatt per mile costs only a tiny fraction of what even the most efficient ICE cars can achieve in miles per gallon, but that's not good enough for my dad. He has finally walled his mind up on the matter. The subject is too political for him. All the information on the internet is "fake news" and "hoaxes". EV's are part of a "liberal agenda", and that's that!
Of course it is true that if you compare the cost of a new EV to a comparably equipped ICE vehicle, the cost difference will likely be more than the ICE vehicle's fuel cost over the next ten years. So I'll concede that EV's do not actually save you money under the current pricing conditions.
Another problem I have with EV's is that the auto manufacturers do everything possible to make their EV's unfamiliar and unacceptable to people who like their ICE cars. The typical driver doesn't want to operate a "concept car" for their daily commute. They want something familiar, comfortable, safe, and dependable.
There's no technical reason that EV's could not be made to look and operate like their ICE brethren, so why is it that automakers willfully keep a viable alternative as the least-appealing option to the average consumer?
(Insert OPEC conspiracy here)
Thanks to Glenn and maybe George. I don't know why I bother, but here's our submission page and my email: flush2x@gmail.com.
"Electricity is really just organized lightning" ― George Carlin
-f2x
GET THE PLUNGER!
What is Flush Twice?
Flush Twice is a JOTD (Joke of the Day) website. New jokes are published every Monday through Friday (midnight EST). There is also a comic and a personal blog in the sidebar that updates on the weekends. We've been operating since May of 2003.
Jokes are generously provided by friends and visitors such as yourself. If you would like to contribute, please check out our submission page, or e-mail flush2x@gmail.com. If you know anyone who constantly e-mails you jokes, forward them to us! We'll take what we can get!
So what makes a joke funny?
It all boils down to a sudden shift in perception. The story starts you thinking one way, then the punchline turns that thinking on its ear. The art of the joke is to craft a short story that isn't overly contrived, then deliver a punchline that suddenly shifts your perception about the story you were being told.
Many of the jokes on this site are offensive, and we make no apologies for it. Offensive jokes work by making the reader uncomfortable through the use of a taboo subject thus enhancing the underlying humor. Without the offensive element, the joke would simply not be as funny.
(Just thought you might like to know.)
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text:
This list of New Zealand female boxing champions is a table showing the female boxers who have won the New Zealand professional championship. The title has been administered by the New Zealand Boxing Association, New Zealand National Boxing Federation, Professional Boxing Commission New Zealand and New Zealand Professional Boxing Association since 2002. A champion will often voluntarily relinquish the title in order to fight for a higher-ranked championship, such as the world. Where the date on which a champion relinquished the title is unclear.

History
In 2002, Sue Glassey became the first female to win a professional New Zealand national boxing title, winning against Wena Karaka. In 2008, Daniella Smith became the first female to win multiple professional New Zealand national boxing titles, winning her second title against Lisa Mauala. Daniella Smith is also the first female boxer to win a professional New Zealand national boxing title in multiple divisions, winning the title in both Super Welterweight and Welterweight division. In 2017, Geovana Peres became the first lgbt boxer to win a professional New Zealand national boxing title. Geovana is also the first ever boxer to win two professional New Zealand national boxing titles from different commissioning bodies including the New Zealand National Boxing Federation and Professional Boxing Commission New Zealand national titles. In 2018, Lani Daniels became the first female boxer to win two New Zealand national titles from two different weight divisions and two different commissioning bodies. On 12th of February, Mea Motu beat the 14 year record that was set by Daniella Smith for holding most New Zealand National titles in the women's division. She held the NZPBA Lightweight, PBCNZ Super Lightweight and PBCNZ Featherweight title. Motu went on to win titles in four different weight divisions.

Heavyweight

Light Heavyweight

Super Middleweight

Super Welterweight

Welterweight

Super Lightweight

Lightweight

Super Featherweight

Featherweight

Super Flyweight

See also

List of Australian female boxing champions
List of New Zealand heavyweight boxing champions
List of New Zealand cruiserweight boxing champions
List of New Zealand light heavyweight boxing champions
List of New Zealand super middleweight boxing champions
List of New Zealand middleweight boxing champions
List of New Zealand super welterweight boxing champions
List of New Zealand welterweight boxing champions
List of New Zealand super lightweight boxing champions
List of New Zealand lightweight boxing champions
List of New Zealand super featherweight boxing champions
List of New Zealand featherweight boxing champions
List of New Zealand bantamweight boxing champions
Professional boxing in New Zealand

References

External links
Boxrec
Boxing NZ History

Female
New

Boxing


Zeynab Shariff is a professional self-taught makeup artist in Nairobi, Kenya. Zeynab is practicing makeup artistry since 2014. She is also a youtuber offering makeup tutorials. Zeynab's work includes working with known runway models and celebrities while she also has an extensive experience in enhancing clientele's natural beauty. Her services include Bridal makeu, Runway makeup, Creative makeup, Casual and Occasional makeup.


text:
IAMGOLD Reports 2021 Attributable Reserves of 12.4 Million Ounces and Attributable M&I Resources of 22.1 Million Ounces
Download this Press Release (PDF 769 KB)
All amounts are in US dollars, unless otherwise indicated.
Measured and indicated resources are quoted inclusive of proven and probable reserves for all sites and projects.
Toronto, Ontario--(Newsfile Corp. - February 23, 2022) - IAMGOLD Corporation (NYSE: IAG) (TSX: IMG) ("IAMGOLD" or the "Company") announces its updated Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources ("MRMR") statement as of December 31, 2021 prepared in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects ("NI 43-101"). A complete MRMR table (Table 6) including a detailed by-asset breakdown can be found at the end of this news release, with a summary of year over year changes as follows:
TABLE 1: ATTRIBUTABLE MRMR COMPARISON SUMMARY 1
2020 3 2021 ▲
(000s) Grade
(g/t) Contained Ounces
(000s) Tonnes
(000s) Contained Ounces
(000s) %
P&P reserves 406,755 1.1 13,937 364,831 1.1 12,392 -1,545 -11%
M&I resources2 712,948 1.0 23,910 646,522 1.1 22,103 -1,807 -8%
Inferred resources 314,479 1.1 11,268 310,533 1.1 11,085 -183 -2%
Footnotes from the Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources statement in Table 6: Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources of Gold Operations as of December 31, 2021 apply.
M&I Mineral Resources are inclusive of Mineral Reserves.
2020 Mineral Reserves estimated as of December 31, 2020, using a gold price of $1,200 per ounce for Essakane, Rosebel, Saramacca, Westwood, Côté Gold Project and the Boto Gold Project, and a gold price of $1,350 per ounce for the Grand Duc satellite pit at Westwood.
Mineral Resources estimated as of December 31, 2020, using a gold price of $1,500 per ounce for the Côté Gold Project, Boto Gold Project, Diakha-Siribaya Gold Project, Pitangui Project, Gossey deposit, Monster Lake Project, Essakane, Rosebel, and Saramacca, and $1,200 per ounce using a 5.5 g/t Au cut-off over a minimum width of 2.4 metres for Westwood.
Mineral Reserves
TABLE 2: ATTRIBUTABLE RESERVES RECONCILIATION
Contained Ounces
(000s) % ▲
Reserves (December 31, 2020) 13,937 -
Revisions to economic parameters1 -782 -6%
2021 mine depletion -617 -4%
Adjustments to ore stockpiles -42 < -1%
Other adjustments (drilling, additions, etc.) -104 -1%
Reserves (December 31, 2021) 2 12,392 -11%
Primarily related to the Rosebel Gold Mine (refer to Company press release dated January 12, 2022).
Figures may not add due to rounding.
Attributable proven and probable gold Mineral Reserves ("reserves") totaled 12.4 million ounces, a decrease of 1.5 million ounces or 11% relative to the prior year MRMR statement;
The decrease was primarily related to mine depletion at all operations (617,000 ounces) reflecting the Company's attributable gold production of 601,000 ounces in 2021, and a revised MRMR and life-of-mine plan at Rosebel (refer to Company press release dated January 12, 2022);
Reserves grade of 1.1 grams per tonne gold ("g/t") remained largely unchanged on a consolidated basis;
Essakane and Rosebel, including Saramacca, used a $1,300 per ounce gold price assumption for estimating reserves, increasing from $1,200 per ounce gold price assumption in 2020;
Westwood and the Grand Duc satellite pit continued to use $1,200 and $1,350 per ounce gold price assumptions, respectively, consistent with the prior year; and
For Côté Gold and Boto Gold projects, the Company maintained its $1,200 per ounce gold price assumption for estimating mineral reserves.
TABLE 3: ATTRIBUTABLE RESERVES COMPARISON SUMMARY
2020 2021 (000s) %
Rosebel (95%) 3,188 2,466 -722 -23%
Saramacca (66.5%) 958 820 -138 -14%
Essakane (90%) 3,014 2,355 -659 -22%
Westwood (100%) 626 659 +33 +5%
Côté Gold (64.75%) 4,716 4,658 -58 -1%
Boto Gold (90%) 1,434 1,434 - -
Reserves 1 13,937 12,392 -1,545 -11%
TABLE 4: ATTRIBUTABLE M&I RESOURCES COMPARISON SUMMARY
Rosebel (95%) 7,508 4,551 -2,957 -39%
Saramacca (66.5%) 1,113 1,008 -105 -9%
Westwood (100%) 1,624 1,639 +15 +1%
Côté Gold (64.75%) 6,605 6,605 - -
Gosselin (64.75%) - 2,169 +2,169 +100%
Gossey (90%) 262 262 - -
Nelligan (75%) - - - -
Monster Lake (100%) - - - -
Pitangui (100%) 470 470 - -
Diakha-Siribaya (90%) 669 669 - -
Measured and indicated resources 1 23,910 22,103 -1,807 -8%
Attributable measured and indicated ("M&I") resources totaled 22.1 million ounces, a decrease of 1.8 million ounces or 8% relative to the prior year MRMR statement;
Attributable inferred resources totaled 11.1 million ounces, a decrease of 0.2 million ounces or 2% relative to the prior year MRMR statement;
Mineral resources decreased primarily as a result of the revised MRMR statement at the Rosebel (refer to Company press release dated January 12, 2022), partially offset by the addition of the initial mineral resources at Gosselin (refer to Company press release dated October 18, 2022);
There was no change in the gold price assumption for estimating mineral resources at Essakane, Rosebel, development, and exploration properties ($1,500 per ounce of gold) or at Westwood ($1,200 per ounce of gold).
TABLE 5: ATTRIBUTABLE INFERRED RESOURCES COMPARISON SUMMARY
Rosebel (95%) 1,678 432 -1,246 -74%
Saramacca (66.5%) 172 155 -17 -10%
Essakane (90%) 317 335 +18 +6%
Westwood (100%) 1,809 1,764 -45 -2%
Boto Gold (90%) 422 422 - -
Gossey (90%) 77 77 - -
Nelligan (75%) 2,396 2,396 - -
Monster Lake (100%) 433 433 - -
Diakha-Siribaya (90%) 1,058 1,058 - -
Inferred resources 1 11,268 11,085 -183 -2%
Figures may not add due to rounding
Attributable inferred resources remained relatively flat at 11.1 million ounces relative to the prior year MRMR statement with the primary decrease at Rosebel offset by the initial resource at Gosselin.
TABLE 6: MINERAL RESERVES AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF GOLD OPERATIONS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2021(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
GOLD OPERATIONS Tonnes
(g/t Au) Ounces Contained
(000s) Attributable Contained Ounces (000s)
Rosebel, Suriname (3)
Proven Mineral Reserves 10,828 0.6 219 208
Probable Mineral Reserves 75,974 1.0 2,377 2,258
Subtotal Rosebel 86,803 0.9 2,596 2,466
Saramacca, Suriname ( 3 )
Proven Mineral Reserves 499 0.5 8 6
Probable Mineral Reserves 21,863 1.7 1,225 814
Subtotal Saramacca 22,361 1.7 1,233 820
Subtotal Rosebel (Consolidated) 109,164 1.1 3,829 3,286
Measured Mineral Resources 10,736 0.6 223 212
Indicated Mineral Resources 139,813 1.0 4,567 4,339
Inferred Mineral Resources 16,051 0.9 455 432
Measured Mineral Resource 499 0.5 8 6
Indicated Mineral Resources 22,667 2.1 1,507 1,002
Inferred Mineral Resources 5,966 1.2 233 155
Essakane, Burkina Faso ( 3 )
Subtotal 95,462 0.9 2,617 2,355
Westwood, Canada ( 4 )
Proven Mineral Reserves 500 6.9 111 111
Probable Mineral Reserves 4,079 4.2 548 548
Subtotal 4,579 4.5 659 659
Measured Mineral Resources 1,039 11.3 377 377
Indicated Mineral Resources 6,568 6.0 1,262 1,262
Inferred Mineral Resources 5,970 9.2 1,764 1,764
Gossey, Burkina Faso ( 3 )
Indicated Mineral Resources 10,454 0.9 291 262
Inferred Mineral Resources 2,939 0.9 85 77
Côté Gold, Canada ( 5 )
Proven Mineral Reserves 130,522 1.0 4, 262 2,760
Probable Mineral Reserves 102,478 0.9 2,932 1,898
Subtotal 233,000 1.0 7,194 4,658
Measured Mineral Resources 152,100 1.0 4,720 3,056
Inferred Mineral Resources 189,600 0.6 3,820 2,473
Gosselin, Canada ( 3 )
Inferred Mineral Resources 72,900 0.7 1,710 1,107
Boto Gold, Senegal ( 5 )
Diakha-Siribaya, Mali ( 3 )
Monster Lake, Canada ( 3 )
Inferred Mineral Resources 1,110 12.1 433 433
Nelligan, Canada (3)
Pitangui, Brazil ( 3 )
Indicated Mineral Resources 3,330 4.4 470 470
Proven Mineral Reserves & Probable Mineral Reserves 471,245 1.0 15,891 12,392
Measured Mineral Resources & Indicated Mineral Resources 852,300 1.0 28,255 22,103
Inferred Mineral Resources 434,332 1.0 14,144 11,085
In mining operations, Measured Mineral Resources and Indicated Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves are considered uneconomic at the price used for Mineral Reserve estimations but are deemed to have a reasonable prospect of economic extraction.
Although "measured resources", "indicated resources" and "inferred resources" are categories of mineralization that are recognized and required to be disclosed under Canadian regulations, SEC Industry Guide 7 does not recognize them. Disclosure of contained ounces is permitted under Canadian regulations; however, SEC Industry Guide 7 generally permits resources to be reported only as in place tonnage and grade. See "Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Regarding Disclosure of Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resource Estimates".
Mineral Reserves have been estimated using a $1,300/oz gold price and Mineral Resources using a $1,500/oz gold price at the following operations and projects: Rosebel, Saramacca, Essakane, Diakha-Siribaya, Monster Lake, Pitangui, Gossey, Nelligan, and Gosselin.
Westwood Mineral Reserves have been estimated using a $1,200/oz gold price and Mineral Resources using a 5.5 g/t Au cut-off grade over a minimum width of 2.4 metres, using a $1,200/oz gold price. The Grand Duc Mineral Reserves and Resources estimates are included in the Westwood Mineral Reserves and Resources estimates, and have been estimated using a gold price of $1,350/oz for Mineral Reserves and a gold price of $1,500/oz for Mineral Resources.
Côté Gold and Boto Gold Mineral Reserves have been estimated using a $1,200/oz gold price and Mineral Resources using a $1,500/oz gold price.
Technical Information and Quality Control Notes
The Company's mineral reserves are comprised of in-place material, i.e. material containing ounces of gold for which an assessment of key modifying factors such as mining, processing, metallurgical recovery, infrastructure, economic, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors are used to determine their economic viability.
There are numerous parameters inherent in estimating proven mineral reserves and probable mineral reserves, including many factors beyond the Company's control. The estimation of mineral reserves is a subjective process, and the accuracy of any mineral reserves estimate is a function of the quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. Results from drilling, testing and production, as well as material changes in metal prices subsequent to the date of an estimate, may justify a revision of such estimates.
Lisa Ragsdale, Director, Mining Geology, IAMGOLD Corporation is the "qualified person" for the purposes of NI 43-101 ("QP") with respect to the mineralization being reported on and is responsible for the review and approval of all mineral resources estimates for IAMGOLD. Guy Bourque, Director, Mining, IAMGOLD Corporation is the QP responsible for the review and approval of all mineral reserves estimates for IAMGOLD. The technical information in this news release has been included with the consent and prior review of Ms. Ragsdale and Mr. Bourque, as applicable. The QPs have verified the data disclosed and data underlying the information or opinions contained in this news release.
For each of the projects and properties it operates, the Company has established rigorous methods and procedures aimed at assuring reliable estimates of its mineral reserves and resources. For each mine and project, the relevant QPs verified the data incorporated, including sampling, analytical and test data underlying the information contained in this news release. Quality control falls under the responsibility of Ms. Ragsdale and Mr. Bourque.
In estimating mineral reserves, cut-off grades are established using the Company's long-term metal price and foreign exchange assumptions, the average metallurgical recovery rates and estimated production costs over the life of the related operation. As part of the annual mineral reserve estimation process, the cost models used for cut-off grade calculations are compared to prior studies or estimates and are updated appropriately based on actual operating performance and price projections for inputs. For an underground operation, a cut-off grade is calculated for each mining method, as production costs vary from one method to another. For a surface operation, production costs are determined for each block included in the block model of the relevant operation.
The nature of mining activities is such that the extraction of ore from a mine reduces mineral reserves. In order to renew mineral reserves (at least partially) on most of its producing properties, the Company carries out exploration drilling programs at depth and laterally.
All statements, other than statements of historical fact, contained or incorporated by reference in this news release including, but not limited to, any statements or information with respect to the Company's mineral resources or mineral reserves, constitute "forward-looking information" or "forward-looking statements" and are based on expectations, estimates and projections as of the date of this news release. Forward-looking statements contained in this news release, include, but are not limited to, those with respect to the Company's mineral resources or mineral reserves. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by, but not limited to, the use of the words "may", "will", "should", "continue", "expect", "budget", "forecast", "anticipate", "estimate", "believe", "prospective", "significant", "potential", "significant potential", "substantial", "transformative", "intend", "plan" or "project" or the negative of these words or other variations on these words or comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Company's ability to control or predict, that may cause the actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, without limitation, the failure to accurately estimate mineral resources or mineral reserves, differences in the mineral content within the material identified as mineral resources or mineral reserves from that predicted, unexpected increases in all-in sustaining costs or other costs, unexpected increases in capital expenditures, operating expenditures and exploration expenditures, changes in development or mining plans due to changes in logistical, technical or other factors, the possibility that future exploration results will not be consistent with the Company's expectations, changes in world gold markets and other risks disclosed in IAMGOLD's most recent Form 40-F/Annual Information Form on file with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and Canadian securities regulatory authorities, which are incorporated by reference herein. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statement. The Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise except as required by applicable law.
CAUTIONARY NOTE TO U.S. INVESTORS REGARDING DISCLOSURE OF MINERAL RESERVE AND MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES
The mineral resource and reserve estimates contained in this news release have been prepared in accordance with NI 43-101 and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum ("CIM") - CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, adopted by the CIM Council, as amended (the "CIM Standards"). These standards are similar to those used by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") Industry Guide No. 7, as interpreted by the SEC staff. However, the definitions in NI 43-101 and the CIM Standards differ in certain respects from those under Industry Guide 7. Accordingly, mineral resource and reserve information contained in this news release may not be comparable to similar information disclosed by United States companies. Under the SEC's Industry Guide 7, mineralization may not be classified as a "reserve" unless the determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally produced or extracted at the time the reserve determination is made.
As a result of the adoption of amendments to the SEC's disclosure rules (the "SEC Modernization Rules"), which more closely align its disclosure requirements and policies for mining properties with current industry and global regulatory practices and standards, including NI 43-101 and the CIM Standards, and which became effective on February 25, 2019, the SEC now recognizes estimates of "measured mineral resources", "indicated mineral resources" and "inferred mineral resources." In addition, the SEC has amended definitions of "proven mineral reserves" and "probable mineral reserves" in its amended rules, with definitions that are substantially similar to those used in NI 43-101 and the CIM Standards. Issuers must begin to comply with the SEC Modernization Rules in their first fiscal year beginning on or after January 1, 2021, though Canadian issuers that report in the United States using the Multijurisdictional Disclosure System ("MJDS") may still use NI 43-101 rather than the SEC Modernization Rules when using the SEC's MJDS registration statement and annual report forms.
United States investors are cautioned that while the SEC now recognizes "measured mineral resources", "indicated mineral resources" and "inferred mineral resources" under the SEC Modernization Rules, investors should not assume that any part or all of the mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into a higher category of mineral resources or into mineral reserves. These terms have a great amount of uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. Under Canadian regulations, estimates of inferred mineral resources may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility studies, except in limited circumstances.
Investors are cautioned not to assume that any "measured mineral resources", "indicated mineral resources", or "inferred mineral resources" that the Company reports in this news release are or will be economically or legally mineable. Further, "inferred mineral resources" have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence and as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that any part or all of an inferred mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category.
The mineral reserve and mineral resource data set out in this news release are estimates, and no assurance can be given that the anticipated tonnages and grades will be achieved or that the indicated level of recovery will be realized.
IAMGOLD is a mid-tier gold mining company operating in three regions globally: North America, South America and West Africa. Within these regions the Company is developing high potential mining districts that encompass operating mines and construction, development and exploration projects. The Company's operating mines include Essakane in Burkina Faso, Rosebel (including Saramacca) in Suriname and Westwood in Canada. A solid base of strategic assets is complemented by the Côté Gold construction project in Canada, the Boto Gold development project in Senegal, as well as greenfield and brownfield exploration projects in various countries located in the Americas and West Africa.
IAMGOLD employs approximately 5,000 people. IAMGOLD is committed to maintaining its culture of accountable mining through high standards of Environmental, Social and Governance practices, including its commitment to Zero Harm®, in every aspect of its business. IAMGOLD (www.iamgold.com) is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: IAG) and the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX: IMG) and is one of the companies on the JSI index1.
1 Jantzi Social Index ("JSI"). The JSI is a socially screened market capitalization-weighted common stock index modeled on the S&P/TSX 60. It consists of companies which pass a set of broadly based environmental, social and governance rating criteria.


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Crayon 301 Camping
New England's only NASCAR weekend is July 14-16 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway! The NASCAR Cup Series will make its traditional mid-summer visit to "The Magic Mile" on Sunday, July 16 for the Crayon 301. Adult tickets start at just $59 while kids 12 & under are only $10!
The Crayon 301 NASCAR Cup Series race will be broadcast live at 2:30 p.m. ET on USA, PRN & SiriusXM. Full weekend schedule will be announced at a later date.
Purchase Weekend Package Purchase Sunday Tickets Purchase Saturday Tickets 833-4LOUDONCall Email: Fans First
Standard Camping
GEICO N1 Lot
8 a.m. Saturday, July 8 to 12 p.m. Monday, July 17
Camping Type: Dry
Accommodates: RV, Popup
Size: 20' x 30' & 20' x 40'
Surface: Dirt, Grass
Atmosphere: Party
Quiet Hours: 12 - 7 a.m.
Amenities: Restrooms, Security
Formerly known as the "X Lot," the N1 Lot is located on the north side of the property straight back from "The Magic Mile" behind the N4 & S4 Lots. This campground is typically very energetic & on the louder side, as quiet hours begin at 12 a.m.
*Prices subject to change Jan. 15, 2023.
Price$130 (20' x 30' space)
833-4LOUDONCall
GEICO S4 Lot
Atmosphere: Family
Quiet Hours: 11 p.m. - 7 a.m.
The S4 Lot is located on the south side of the property straight back from the turn two end of the backstretch of "The Magic Mile" between the N1 & N4 camping lots. This campground is one of the closest in proximity to the grandstand gates.
The S6 Lot is the largest campground on property & is located on the south side of the property straight back from turn two of "The Magic Mile" between the S4 & S8 camping lots.
Purchase Online 833-4LOUDONCall
The S9 Lot is located on the south side of the property straight back from turns one & two of "The Magic Mile" next to the S8 camping lot. This campground is one of the closest in proximity to the grandstand gates & contains handicapped camping options.
Price$130(20' x 30' space)
S7 Lot
7 a.m. Thursday, July 13 to 12 p.m. Monday, July 17
Accommodates: Tent
Amenities: Restrooms, Security, Family Friendly
The S7 Lot is located on the south side of the property straight back from turn two of "The Magic Mile" behind the S6 camping lot.
*All prices are listed by race week (we do not offer a nightly rate). Spots in this lot are not available for advance purchase & will be on sale on a first come, first served basis to those who have already purchased two Sunday tickets. We are a cashless facility, so tent camping spots must be purchased with a credit or debit card. The ticketholder must be present with tickets to purchase tent camping. Purchases will be limited to one spot per person & there is no overnight staging for tent campers.
PriceTBD
Premium Camping
Surface: Gravel, Dirt
Atmosphere: Premium
Enjoy a scenic overlook of the property. This is the only spot on property that comes with two tow vehicle stickers.
*Campsites in the S8 Lot are sold out. To get your name on the wait list, please fill out the form below.
Price$230/space
Accommodates: RV, 5th Wheel, Travel Trailer, Popup
Surface: Gravel
Amenities: Power, Water, Showers, Restrooms, Security
Camp in the middle of the NASCAR action with an exclusive spot in the infield next to the driver/owner lot. These spots include two armbands, two track passes, two tickets for the upper section of the Concord Grandstand, a tow vehicle sticker & an unreserved parking spot in the S3 Lot.
*Prices subject to change Jan. 15, 2023. Campers in these spots must move in by Thursday, July 13, but can move in as early as Saturday, July 8. No campfires are allowed in the infield. Infield campsites are sold out. To get your name on the wait list, please fill out the form below.
Price$2,799/space
Trackside Terrace
Camping Type: Full Hookup
Accommodates: RV
Amenities: Power, Water, Sewer, Restrooms, Security, Family Friendly
Trackside Terrace was designed to modernize the traditional racing experience & create new sightlines & opportunities for fans. Located in turn four between Rock Point & Granite Ledge, it is the only exclusive area that allows you to be just a few steps from the action as the race cars zip toward the finish line. Each spot comes with two armbands & two track passes.
*Prices subject to change Jan. 15, 2023. Campsites in Trackside Terrace are sold out. To get your name on the wait list, please fill out the form below.
GEICO Turn Three
Amenities: Power, Water, Restrooms, Security, Family Friendly
Turn Three camping spots are the newest trackside camping area! Each spot comes with two armbands & two track passes.
*Prices subject to change Jan. 15, 2023. Campsites in Turn Three are sold out. To get your name on the wait list, please fill out the form below.
Surface: Paved, Gravel, Dirt, Grass
The N4 Reserved RV lot overlooks the backstretch of "The Magic Mile" from up on the hill, offering amazing views of the entire racetrack. Each spot comes with two armbands & two track passes.
*Prices subject to change Jan. 15, 2023. Campsites in the N4 Reserved RV lot are sold out. To get your name on the wait list, please fill out the form below.
Price$635-950/space
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