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Humanitarian Radiation Exposure The Latest
Hanford to Fukushima: Part 4
August 24, 2011 September 1, 2011 Editor	0 Comments exposure, fukushima, hanford, plutonium, radiation
This is part 4 of a 4 part series about the Hanford nuclear site in Washington State. We hope the series will help those in Japan achieve a better understanding of nuclear releases and be able to benefit from the experiences of the victims of Hanford as they deal with their own current circumstances related to the Fukushima Daiichi disaster.
Part 4: Hanford Downwiders and exposure
People were exposed to radiation a variety of ways around Hanford. During WWII soldiers slept in tents a few miles from the plutonium plants. Beyond the well known air and water exposures, vegetation in the region was contaminated. Fruits and vegetables were contaminated, cows grazing converted the contamination into their milk. Sheep and cows absorbed certain radioactive isotopes into their meat and bones.
Milk that was contaminated with iodine 131 is estimated to have caused 13,500 people to have doses of over 33 rem (330 mSv) to their thyroids during 1944 to 1947. 4,000 people may have accumulated up to 100 rem (1,000 mSv or 1 Sv) in their thyroid and some may have accumulated more than 2.500 rem (25,000 mSv. or 25 Sv). Up to 5% of the people in the region around Hanford had significant radiation doses. Children had the highest
exposures and milk was thought to be a major source of contamination.
Even a decade after WWII ended vegetation 75 miles downwind from Hanford was found to be over the permissible limits of the time. Some of this contamination was due to long lived radioactive isotopes, while some was due to the ongoing releases at Hanford..
People who ate fish from the river would have received 100 – 200 additional millirems per year. Those who ate fish caught near Richland, closer to the plant, would have an added dose of 1,300 millirems per year. People were also exposed by drinking water taken from the river, swimming, boating or even being near the shore downriver from the plant.
Even today apples, wine grapes and potatoes are grown in the region near Hanford and are made into food products by large companies like Con-Agra, Reser's Foods and Tyson Foods.
A CDC study was conducted in 2002 that attempted to go back and determine the likely accumulated radiation doses for people near Hanford. The average estimated thyroid radiation dose was 174 mGy with .0029 mGy being the lowest and 2,823 mGy being the highest. The differences were due to the person's location, age, milk consumption, outdoor activities and other variables that would expose them to more radiation at Hanford.
The people in the extremely high end of the dosages were all from a specific area except for one person. Most were in the younger age range or born in 1944. The CDC study does not go on to give a statistical number of cancers or thyroid disease thought to be connected to Hanford exposures. The CDC study has come under criticism for its lack of objectivity and questionable methodology.
The National Academies of Science reviewed the CDC study and made a series of comments about the study. They state that the thyroid cancer link to iodine 131 exposure has been known for 45 years and it directly relates to the exposure and dose someone receives. The review found that estimated releases from Hanford used in the CDC study were 30% lower than other estimates. They also stated that the CDC put too much weight on radiation from general global fallout's role, again skewing results. Of the over 3,000 people in the study, 250 had some form of thyroid disease. 20 people had thryoid cancer but only 14 of those lived in the region during the time period of exposure.
Total people studied and available data is thought to be too small in the instance of cancer outcome numbers to make determinations. Collected information was inadequate and would need additional data for better conclusions to be made. The data from the CDC was presented in a "pass – fail" manner rather than quantified with levels of confidence in each area studied.
An over confident position was held by the CDC that there was no connection to Hanford exposures and negative health outcomes. The committee stated that the study by the CDC at Hanford and a similar Nevada bomb test study that showed a positive connection, were simply too imprecise to clearly state a "yes or no" connection between the cancers and radiation exposure.
The largest challenge with the Hanford study is that it goes back decades attempting to recreate data and this is an imprecise method for gathering data. What is clear is that people received a wide variety of exposures to iodine 131 and many other radioactive isotopes while living near or working at Hanford.
The National Cancer Society makes a clear connection between iodine 131 exposures at a young age and thyroid cancers. They also remind people that it is a slow growing cancer that is highly treatable. While much of the focus has been on thyroid cancers, other cancers are thought to be connected to the radiation released around Hanford. These cases may be even harder to prove with the time that has passed and the variables involved in reconstructing the exposure of the victims.
What clearly confounded things for the people around Hanford was the decades that went by before the radiation releases and exposures were made public. The US government hid the true nature of the work at Hanford for national security reasons and also to avoid lawsuits from the victims of the resulting radiation exposures. If the information and ensuing lawsuits could be put off it would be harder for proof to be gathered and effective lawsuits to be brought. Lawsuits are working their way through the US courts as victims try to collect for the damage from their exposure. So far the cases have had mixed results.
Some pieces of information have been found that raise more questions about the releases at Hanford. Ernest Sternglass mentions in his book Secret Fallout, that in 1946 a 19% spike in infant mortalities was found in North Dakota. It correlated with atmospheric data in an Atomic Energy Commission publication "Meterorology and Atomic Energy". This showed the large releases from Hanford at the time being carried by the documented
weather patterns to North Dakota.
A study in Utah on the exposures of the local population due to atomic bomb testing in the area initially claimed no increase in cancers. But when females were separated out it changed drastically upward. Other studies think young females are more prone to health problems like thyroid cancer from radioactive iodine 131.
"there was in fact a significant increase among girls zero to 19 years of age. Among this group there was a total of ten cases for 1958-62, as compared to four cases expected. For young women aged 20 to 29 years old, the number was twenty as compared to nine expected. Still more significant, the rate of thyroid cancers per 100,000 young women under age 30 in Utah had increased almost 400 percent—from 0.6 in 1948-52, before the Nevada tests, to 2.3 in 1958-62."
Sternglass also questioned the Utah study's claim of no increase in leukemia so he looked at US vital statistics.
" For the age group 5 to 14 years, there were large percentage rises in leukemia deaths exactly three to five years after each of the major test series that deposited fallout in the Utah area. Between 1949 and 1967, the annual number had increased four-fold in successive peaks from 1.5 to 6.2 per 100,000 children. But since leukemia rates for children 5 to 14 years in New York State and elsewhere also went up when fallout became widespread, although not as much as in Utah, a statistician could perhaps say that there was"no unusual increase of leukemia" in Utah"
Anecdotal evidence around Hanford says that there is a connection between those exposed to radiation and subsequent cancers. Many experts agree with this. But without better data, a definitive finding about the people at Hanford from a statistical standpoint may never be known.
The study of radiation exposure and cancer does have many completed studies including some very old ones to help better understanding of the connections betweeb exposure and risk.
* A huge thank you to everyone on the fukuleaks.org/web teams for their research assistance, editing and contributions that made this series possible.
Our next project is to gather those studies and try to paint a statistical picture of the true risk factors vs. types of exposures to radiation. We hope to have this research completed and released very soon.
Series bibliography and additional reading:
Hanford's fallout: increased thyroid risks – Hanford Nuclear Site, Washingtonhttp://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n3_v138/ai_9227959/
Hanford Nuclear Site Wiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanford_Site
Members of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments November 6, 1994 "An Analysis of the Green Run"
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/radiation/dir/mstreet/commeet/meet8/brief8/tab_h/br8h7.txt
Green Run Wikipedia Entry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Run
Hanford Challenge
http://www.hanfordchallenge.org/the-big-issues/tank-waste/
NYT Radiation Flowed 200 Miles to Sea, Study Finds Published: July 17, 1992http://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/17/us/radiation-flowed-200-miles-to-sea-study-finds.html
Hanford Animal Studies of Radioiodine Radiat Prot Dosimetry (1995) 60(4): 295-305R.O. McClellan
http://rpd.oxfordjournals.org/content/60/4/295.abstract
Meeting about beryllium exposure set for Monday By Annette Cary, Herald staff writer
http://www.bellinghamherald.com/2011/03/13/1914107/meeting-about-beryllium-exposure.html
The release of radioactive materials at Hanford
http://hanford-downwinders.tribe.net/thread/788190be-1d41-4e64-bc5b-178494b07e54
US to access the harm from Hanford
http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/U-S-to-assess-the-harm-from-Hanford-1233257.php
Tri Cities Washington Wiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri-Cities,_Washington
http://www.psr.org/chapters/oregon/peace-and-security/hanford.html
US to access harm from Hanford
http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/U-S-to-assess-the-harm-from-Hanford-1233257.php#ixzz1UrWFz6TJ
Fukushima 1 Nuke Plant: 154 Terabecquerels per day, every day
http://ex-skf.blogspot.com/2011/04/fukushima-i-nuke-plant-154.html
Greg Mitchell, Countdown To Hiroshima – Article Series at The Nationhttp://www.thenation.com/blogs/media-fix
Hanford Downwinders Group
http://www.downwinders.com/
Hanford downwinders
Hanford Challenge:
http://www.hanfordchallenge.org/
The Hanford Downwinders Information Site:
http://www.angelfire.com/art2/downwinder/
Downwinders United:
http://web.mac.com/marydickson/Downwinders_United/Home.html
Hanford environmental reporthttp://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/rp/environmental/2009ar.pdf
Hanford thyroid CDC study
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/hanford/htdsweb/
Scientist review of the CDC reporthttp://www.downwinders.com/files/htds_expert_report.pdf
National Acadamies of Science documents on Hanford
http://search.nap.edu/napsearch.php?term=Hanford+Thyroid+Disease+Study&x=15&y=10
Physicians for Social Responsibility on Hanford and underestimated doses
http://www.psr.org/chapters/washington/hanford/hanford-and-human-health.htmlhttp://www.psr.org/chapters/washington/hanford/hanford-facts.htmlhttp://www.psr.org/chapters/washington/hanford/hanford-and-environmental.html
EPA decontaminationhttp://www.epa.gov/osp/presentations/homesec11/hs_Snyder2.pdf
Oxford journal on animal testing at Hanfordhttp://rpd.oxfordjournals.org/content/60/4/295.full.pdf
Animal testing at Hanford, carcasses found
http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/Workers-uncover-carcasses-of-Hanford-test-animals-1225341.php
Hanford and Idaho admitted research studieshttp://hss.doe.gov/healthsafety/OHRE/roadmap/experiments/0491docc.html
Hanford article – lots of datahttp://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n3_v138/ai_9227959/
Data on downwinders, bomb tests data and Hanfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downwinders
Bulletin of Atomic Scientists – Making Warheads
Hanford cover upshttp://www.hanfordchallenge.org/cmsAdmin/uploads/1992_Atomic_Deception_HEAL.pdf
Radiation releases
Downwind bomb tests Utah – results on lambshttp://historytogo.utah.gov/utah_chapters/utah_today/nucleartestingandthedownwinders.html
Nat Cancer Inst on iodine cancers
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/causes/i131
Iodine uptake into cows milk
http://www.cancer.gov/i131/fallout/Chapter4.pdf
Environmental data study – fish – veggies etc
http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/rp/environmental/2009ar.pdf
Heart of America Northwest – Hanford Cleanup
http://www.hoanw.org/index.cfm
Hanford Watch
http://www.hanfordwatch.org/index.htm
Community-Based Participatory Health Survey of Hanford, WA, Downwinders: A Model for Citizen Empowerment
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08941920490452526
FDA iodine guide
http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm080542.pdf
Wiki on protective iodine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_iodide
WHO rad iodine standardshttp://m.zimbio.com/Potassium+Iodide+Pills/articles/WbZrBFWtQM4/Japan+must+distribute+iodine+tablets+now+expert
CRIIRAD – iodine ingestion totals
http://tinyurl.com/3cv5mer
Thyroid Cancer: a comprehensive guide to clinical management
Secret Fallout online by Ernest Sternglass with a section on Hanford:
http://www.ratical.org/radiation/SecretFallout/
Killing Our Own online by Harvey Wasserman and Norman Solomon
http://www.ratical.org/radiation/KillingOurOwn/
Some Hanford incidents:
http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/nuclear/radevents/1962USA1.html
Hanford environmental testing
http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/rp/rp-publ.htm#envradHealth Safety Security
http://www.hss.energy.gov/
https://www.osti.gov/opennet/index.jsp
http://www.hanford.gov/page.cfm/OfficialDocumentsHanford
DOE FOIA
http://www.hanford.gov/
Photos of Hanford
http://www.hanford.gov/c.cfm/photogallery
documents FOIA
http://www.hanford.gov/?page=73
Admin records, public info
http://www5.hanford.gov/arpir/
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Welcome to Stonehengeology
Woodhenge
Stonehenge gold
19. awaiting text
20. This is a model of what Stonehenge MK2 was probably meant to look like, and it should help us to find our way around - even though Stonehenge was probably never finished. That it was probably never finished, is something that we will deal with later.
21. The surveyor, John Wood Senior, famous for having designed the Crescent and Circus in the City of Bath, was the first to make a proper survey of Stonehenge. A CAD version (Computer Aided Design) of John's survey, after converting his feet and inch measurements into megalithic yards, is shown above.
This ground-plan has been criticised for working to six decimal places. However, those figures were produced on a modern calculator, and reducing them down to please the awkward, whilst still maintaining accuracy, would require extra work more trouble than it's worth.
John Wood senior, used Stonehenge to train his apprentice son, John Wood junior, in the art of surveying. Requiring over 800 measurements, the Wood's 1740 survey has never been bettered.
Their survey is especially important for having been produced before Trilithon 4 fell to the ground.
22. The first step in setting out the ground-plan of Stonehenge was to draw a 36-megalithic-yard-diameter circle (98 feet, 29.88 metres) with a line through the centre at an angle of 50-degrees clockwise from north. This line represents the primary axis. Also, this line very nearly points to the northernmost rising of the sun, known as the summer solstice, and is where revellers stand every June 21st. The summer solstice occurs every year around this time and it's a kind of terminus where the sun rests a while before making its weary way back to its southern terminus, known as the winter solstice.
23. We should explain that the stones were numbered by the Egyptologist, Flinders Petrie, in 1880, and his numbering system is what we use today. Also, we have Anthony Johnson to thank for coming up with the basic geometry on which the trilithon's are based. "Solving Stonehenge: The New Key To An Ancient Enigma." Johnson A. Thames and Hudson, London, 2008.
Johnson's method of determining the position of the inner face of Trilithon 1 is shown above. However, whilst Johnson, in his book, bases the trilithons around the axis of the sarsen circle as is seen above, we now know that trilithon's 3, 4 and (possibly) 5 are based on a totally separate axis.
Furthermore...
To be found in "Chalkland, an archaeology of Stonehenge and its region" by Andrew Lawson 2007" Stonehenge was constructed symmetrically around a principle axial line which passed through the tallest trilithon, the bluestone settings and the outer sarsen circle. Sorry Andrew but the primary axis does not pass through the great trilithon, or the bluestone oval, so you are wrong.
24.This is how Johnson determined the position of the inner faces of stones 53 and 54 of Trilithon 2.
With the positions of trilithon's 1 and 2 known, we now have to fix the positions of 3, 4 and 5. As already pointed out, these three trilithon's are set on a separate axis, so we first need to determine the distance between these two axes by making folded tracings, or mirror imaging in CAD, of Stonehenge's ground plan.
25. Starting by proving Stonehenge's primary axis, we will superimpose one of its many ground-plans on top of a CAD version of where the 30 stone pillars of the outer circle ought to be.
Any one of several ground-plans will do - that made in 1989 by I forget who, Wood's 1740, or the modern digital. I've chosen Petrie's 1880 version for this task, when we can see straight off that Stone 1 is misplaced slightly clockwise - no doubt with the intention of capturing as much incoming sunlight as possible.
While on the subject of Petrie's measurements, there's this mistake made by Professor John North regarding the circle on which the one-time bluestone horseshoe was set...
"Quoting the radius of Petrie's circle in Thom's Megalithic Yards, something Petrie could not of course do, it is 7.01 MY." Stonehenge: Neolithic Man and the Cosmos, John North 1996 page 431.
Yet from Stonehenge: Plans, Description, and theories. by W. M. Flinders Petrie: "Taking up now the sarsens and inner bluestones, the inner bluestones are 472.7 inches diameter."
Well, 472.7 inches equals 14.5 MY, Not the 14 MY calculated by Professor John North.
Petrie's 14.5 MY circle is now placed on the plan view above. And its important to note that Petrie measured the bluestone horseshoe to the inside faces of the stones.
We now make a tracing of the above ground-plan-view and fold it double about our new-found primary axis. Before folding, and to make things clearer, we have coloured Petrie's stones to the northwest of the primary axis red, and those to the southeast, yellow. The next diagram shows the result of the folding.
1. This folding shows the Great trilithon to be offset from the Primary axis by about 0.6 Megalithic Yards.
2. Pillar 57 of Trilithon 4 is offset by 0.9 MY
3. Pillar 58 is offset 0.6 MY,
4. Pillar 60 of Trilithon 5 is not offset here, but a folding of Wood's ground-plan shows an offset of 0.3MY.
5. Bluestone Oval southwest, (previously known as the 'Horseshoe') is offset by 0.45 MY, (0.9 MY halved)
6. Altar Stone offset is 0.5 MY (1.0 MY halved)
27. Stonehenge 2,500 BC and a change of heart. The sarsen-stone circle erected in the middle of the earthen bank and ditch.
It's convenient at this point to image the outer circle as if it stood alone, to demonstrate that solstice sunlight could pass right through and out the back. This problem was addressed by having a separate axis on which Stone 55 and bluestone 67 could stand and block it.
28. We are now able to draw the secondary axis on which trilithon's 3, 4 and 5 stand. And; because the geometry of the bluestone oval is also cast from this secondary axis, we add this too.
First notice a likely 30-megalithic-inch difference between the centre of the outer circle and the centre of the horseshoe - actually the southwestern part of an oval - of 19 bluestones.
If we assume this 30 MI centre-distance to be correct, and it very likely is, we can say that the two axes are 18 megalithic inches apart; and that Stonehenge was based on a tiny 18:24:30, six-times-size 3:4:5, Pythagorean triangle. Remember Avebury and its Sanctuary?
It's also interesting to note that 18 is Stonehenge's internal radius, 30 the number of stones of the outer circle, and 24 the number of bluestones that once formed the Oval.
Note also how stones 55 and 56 of the Great Trilithon are spaced three megalithic yards apart, 1.5 MY either side of the secondary axis.
We could also say that the Bluestone Oval, being made up of a pair of 14.5 MY circles, represents, along with the 30 stones of the outer circle, the 29½ day lunar month - the very number John Wood had hoped to find. Also, their centres are spread apart by the Stonehenger's most important number, the number three.
29. Again, using Johnson's method but working to the secondary axis, we mark out the position of the inner faces of stones 57 and 58 of Trilithon 4.
30. Once again using Johnson's method but working to the secondary axis, we plot the positions of the inner faces of stones 59 and 60 of Trilithon 5.
31. Putting it all together and setting it against the modern digital - the cheek of the man!
The result of all this work proves several things. Stone 56 of the Great trilithon, which was returned to the vertical and securely set in concrete by Col Gowland in 1901, is now about six imperial inches forward of its ideal position.
Stone 16 is placed too close to what would become its neighbour 17, and is on the wrong axis, anyway. However, this could be the builders way of allowing winter solstice sunlight to fall on the flattened rear of the Great trilithon. But 16 still upsets the geometry!
The folding proves Stone 10 of the outer circle to be set too far in. This stone caused Petrie to measure Stonehenge's founding circle slightly undersized at 35.75 MY instead of the correct 36.
Whilst in the right place, undersized Stone 11 must be some kind of joke.
I have come to believe that Stonehenge's geometry was far too complicated for those who were charged to build it. And with so many mistakes, the likelihood is that Stonehenge was abandoned unfinished.
The hypothesis of Stonehenge, which I have already proved on a separate website to this, required it to be built alongside the river Avon. And it was. Archaeologists found the MK1 version in 2008/9 as a circle of bluestones at the start of - some incorrectly say the end - of the Stonehenge Avenue.
The problem with the so-called West Amesbury henge, was its lack of astronomical alignments. So its stones were plucked out of the ground to become part of Stonehenge MK2 on top of a hill. A connection to the river still had to made to satisfy the hypothesis, thus the need for the Stonehenge Avenue.
This is what Stukeley wrote of the trilithons...
"An oval formed as this is, upon two centres coinciding with each others circumference; or, which is the same thing, whose centres are distant from each other the length of their radius, is most natural and most beautiful, being the shape of an egg.!
Stonehenge: A temple restored to the British Druids. William Stukeley 1740.
Now who would want to build a stone egg and hide it inside a circle? Durrington Walls' Southern Circle of eggs are not inside a circle, nor are the eggs of Woodhenge. So the answer is: no-one.
Stonehenge and its 1,000 associated stone circles were follies built in a search for something never to be found. Being dismantled and rebuilt many times over many years, Stonehenge was a product of procrastination by a people who could not make their mind up. They were, after all, attempting the impossible.
And getting back to why some would not want to hide the trilithon egg inside a circle was perhaps someone else's agender? To them Stonehenge WAS finished!
Some agreed to this idea and some were against it. Those who didn't agree took matters into their own hands and brought Stonehenge to a halt by placing Stone 10 in the wrong position and a half-size stone in position 11.
What were people trying to do by building Stonehenge.
They tried to bring the sun, moon and a star, or stars, together in one place.
Why would they want to bring the sun, moon and stars together at Stonehenge?
Believing the moon female and the sun male, they wanted the sun to make her pregnant.
Why did they want to make the moon pregnant?
Early farmers in Britain wanted a second sun to keep them warm and also to produce their crops the whole year round. Built to collect, reflect and amplify sunlight, as does a modern day Laser, Stonehenge was to be that baby sun.
Want more proof? Please press the Woodhenge button above, to continue.
Stonehengeology
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


TERESA MANGO AND HER SALVI AURORA HANDMADE HARP IN PIASCO, ITALY.
Teresa Mango is an established and versatile free-lance harpist.
Teresa Mango is a performing harpist and educator with a well-established 35 year career throughout Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut and Vermont. Teresa plays numerous solo programs, performs with several orchestras, chamber groups and choruses, which include regional and internationally recognized artists. She also plays with theatre groups in the pit orchestras performing some of the greatest shows written for musical theatre.
Each December since 1994, Teresa has performed daily at Stockbridge's Red Lion Inn. In 1995, Yankee Magazine published a feature article on Teresa at the Red Lion Inn at Christmas. In 2001 Teresa released her first CD "Christmas in Stockbridge", and in 2006 released a solo Christmas CD "Peace". She plays regularly at other northeast resorts and hotels from Albany, NY to Nantucket and from the Catskill resorts to the Adirondacks. In the Berkshires she often plays at Cranwell Resort, The Crowne Plaza, Blantyre, and Wheatleigh.
Teresa has been a regular guest artist at the New York Hudson River Historic sites from Olana and Claremont to Montgomery Place and the Senate House in Kingston, NY and in the Berkshires at the Norman Rockwell Museum, Williamstown's Clark Art Institute and Naumkeag's summer music series.
Ms. Mango's orchestral experience includes the Hartford, Albany, Berkshire, Pioneer Valley and Glens Falls Symphonies. She performs with Capital Repertory Theatre in Albany, Barrington Stage and Berkshire Theatre Group in the Berkshires, The Center for Performing Arts at Rhinebeck, The New York Theater Institute and for such entertainers as Johnny Mathis, Charlotte Church, Neil Sedaka and Barry Manilow.
Teresa continues to play for weddings and special events from Lake George to West Point and Southern Vermont and Massachusetts to Western Connecticut. Her repertoire includes a full range of compositions from renaissance through contemporary, popular standards and favorite show tunes.
Ms. Mango resides in Great Barrington, MA. She is a graduate of Manhattan School of Music with a Masters degree in harp performance. She is associate faculty at The Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, CT; teaches harp at Bard College at Simon's Rock in Great Barrington, MA; Taft School in Watertown, CT; Deerfield Academy in Historic Deerfield, MA; Emma Willard School in Troy, NY and maintains a private teaching studio at home.


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Hockey Hall of Fame Announces 2014 Class
Lauren Shute
The Hockey Hall of Fame is about to get a few new members. Yesterday, the NHL announced the 2014 Hall of Fame class, and it's a good one. The marquee names are goalie DominikHasek (who will be the first Czech player enshrined in the Hall), forwards Peter Forsberg and Mike Modano, and defenseman Rob Blake. Coach Pat Burns, who will be inducted in the Builder Category, and referee Bill McCreary round out the group.
The six hockey legends will be formally inducted into the Hall of Fame on November 17. And that gives us a little time to get to know them.
Dominik Hasek
1990-2004, Chicago Blackhawks, Buffalo Sabres, Detroit Red Wings
Simply put, the Dominator was one of the best goalies in the NHL over the course of his 16-year career. The Czech native played in more NHL games than another European-born goaltender (735), and he holds the all-time record in save percentage (.922). Along with winning two Stanley Cups with the Detroit Red Wings late in his career, Hasek was a six-time NHL all-Star and a six-time winner of the Vezina Trophy, awarded to the league's best goalie. He's the only goaltender to win the Hart Trophy twice as league MVP. In the first year NHL players were permitted to participate in the Olympic games, Hasek backstopped the Czech Republic to a gold medal at the 1998 Nagano Winter Games. He also won the William M. Jennings Trophy three times, an honor bestowed on the goalie with the fewest goals against average, and the Ted Lindsay Award, another most outstanding player award, twice.
Mike Modano
1988-2011, Minnesota North Stars/Dallas Stars, Detroit Red Wings
Mike Modano is not only a seven-time all-star center — he's one of the best American-born hockey players ever. Drafted with the top overall pick in 1988 by the Minnesota North Stars, Modano did not disappoint. With the Stars (first in Minnesota, then in Dallas) he played in franchise-record 1,499 games and scored 561 goals and 1,374 points. Both are the most all-time for an American-born player. Modano also has more playoff points (146) than any other American In 1999, he led the Dallas Stars to their only Stanley Cup. Modano played his whole career with the Stars, but after a dispute with the club he signed with the Red Wings for the 2011 season, which would be his last. He was a three-time Olympian, winning the silver in 2002, and a six-time NHL All-Star.
1994-2011, Quebec Nordiques/Colorado Avalanche, Philadelphia Flyers, Nashville Predators
Before becoming a five-time NHL All-Star, center Peter Forsberg solidified his place in history as an outstanding European-born player by helping Sweden win a gold medal at the 1994 Lillehammer Olympics. His monumental shootout goal was later commemorated on a postage stamp. But it's his career on the NHL ice that earns him a place in the Hall of Fame. A winner of the Calder Memorial Trophy (rookie of the year), the Art Ross Trophy (regular season scoring leader), and the Hart Memorial Trophy (MVP), Forsberg also won two Stanley Cups with the Colorado Avalanche in 1996 and 2001. Forsberg compiled 171 points in 151 playoff games, good for 11th all-time in points per game during the Stanley Cup playoffs. And for good measure, he claimed a second gold medal in the 2006 Winter Olympics.
Rob Blake
1989-2010, Los Angeles Kings, Colorado Avalanche, San Jose Sharks
His first year in the league, Rob Blake started off strong as a member of the 1989 NHL All-Rookie team. It was the start of an exceptional career in seasons with the Los Angeles Kings, Colorado Avalanche, and San Jose Sharks. Blake scored 240 goals and 777 points in 1,270 games and was an All-Star seven times. He was the winner of the Norris Trophy (the league's top defenseman) in 1998 and won a Stanley Cup with the Avalanche in 2001. He has also won a Cup this year with the Kings — he rejoined the club as Assistant General Manager. Blake also has a gold medal in his trophy case: He was a member of the Canadian team that won at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics.
Pat Burns — Head Coach, Montreal Canadiens (1988-1992), Toronto Maple Leafs (1992-1996), Boston Bruins (1997-2001), New Jersey Devils (2002-2004)
Bill McCreary — Referee, 1984-1999
Recognition by the Hall for Pat Burns has been long overdue. He spent four years with the Canadiens, Maple Leafs, and the Bruins. His final two years of coaching were spent with the New Jersey Devils, where he won a Stanley Cup in 2003. Burns was a three-time winner of the Jack Adams Award presented to the NHL's top coach. He lost a battle with cancer in 2010, so he'll be inducted posthumously.
McCreary is the first official to be elected to the Hall of Fame since Ray Scapinello was selected in 2008. He officiated 1,700 career regular season games as well as an additional 282 postseason games.
Photos: David E. Klutho/Sports Illustrated (Hasek, Forsberg), Darren Carroll/Sports Illustrated (Modano), Andy Marlin/Getty Images (Blake)
rob blakeBlogspeter forsberghockeynhldominik hasekHockey Hall of FamePuckheadmike modanoLauren Shute


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What can we learn from the way graduates are decorating their caps?
By Sheila Bock, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Higher Education Folklore
For college students across the country, commencement formally marks the transition from student to graduate. Per tradition, most schools feature speakers, give out awards, organize departmental dinners – and, of course, designate caps and gowns for students to wear when they receive their diploma.
But in the midst of the official pomp and circumstance, more and more graduates are adding a personal touch: They'll decorate their graduation caps, also known as mortarboards.
MORE NEWS: Here are the 2018 commencement speakers at Philly-area colleges
As a folklorist, I pay close attention to the creative ways in which people choose to express themselves, which can tell us a lot about their beliefs, perspectives and aspirations.
When I attended my first University of Nevada, Las Vegas, commencement ceremony as a faculty member in 2011, it struck me how widespread the practice of decorating mortarboards had become. I wanted to learn more about how graduates were decorating their caps, what messages individuals wanted to convey and what these messages revealed, more broadly, about their college experiences.
So I began gathering data on the caps from photographs, surveys and interviews. Much of it will eventually be digitally archived by the Center for Folklore Studies at The Ohio State University. While the project is still ongoing, I've begun to identify a few key trends.
CELEBRATING ACCOMPLISHMENT
The practice of embellishing mortarboards is by no means new. In the 1960s, some graduates would affix peace signs to the top of their caps to protest the Vietnam War. When I completed my B.A. at University of California, Berkeley, in 2003, it was not uncommon to see decorated caps atop the heads of graduates.
Today, however, it seems to have become much more popular – which can probably be attributed, at least in part, to social media. As one person I interviewed put it, these caps are very "Instagrammable": visually appealing, easy to photograph and sure to garner likes and comments.
Like the graduates protesting the Vietnam War in the 1960s, today's graduates are also making political statements. Slogans like "Black Lives Matter" or images of raised, clenched fists will appear on caps.
It makes sense that people would want to announce the accomplishment of graduation, and a photo of a personalized cap posted on social media is one way to do so. Sharing images of customized caps inspires others to do the same, and so the practice spreads.
Not surprisingly, many of the messages on decorated caps reaffirm the value of higher education and look optimistically to the future ("The Best is Yet to Come," "Time to Spread Your Wings"). Others reflect school pride by including a university logo or mascot or identifying the graduate's major or academic accomplishments.
Identity often influences what appears on the caps. You'll see students reference their family, their veteran status, their hometown, religious beliefs and personal obstacles they've overcome.
WAS IT ALL WORTH IT?
Humor is also common. Sometimes it's deployed to highlight the graduate's personality or mock the formality of the occasion, with phrases like "Thanks Mom, Dad and Alcohol." One cap had a 3-D model of a beer pong table – little cups included – affixed to it.
But graduates will also use humor to engage with more serious issues. One 2017 UNLV graduate's cap, for example, featured a homemade version of the "I Have Three Dollars" meme, which features Patrick Star from the animated children's television show "SpongeBob SquarePants."
While making a humorous pop culture reference, the student was really calling attention to her experience of being a poor college student – and the fact that she'll be carrying significant student loan debt well into the future.
It's just one of many examples that show how graduates can creatively use the space on their mortarboards to resist the celebratory mood of commencement, questioning whether the time and money spent on a degree was really worth it ("My $35K Hat," "Was the BS Worth the BS?").
The University of Nevada, Las Vegas, where I have collected the majority of my data so far, is among the most diverse campuses in the nation. In observing and tracking mortarboard cap decorations over the last couple of years, I have seen a marked increase in the number of caps that highlight the wearer's racial and ethnic identities ("Black Girl Magic," "This Xicana from El Chuco. ¡Si Pudo!").
Then there are the mortarboards that point to the immigrant status of graduates or their families: "They Migrated So I Graduated," "Product of Immigration," "A Product of 2 Refugees Now with 2 Degrees."
To these graduates, it's important to show that the procurement of a college degree is part of an ongoing family immigration story characterized by hard work and perseverance. Images of butterflies – a symbol of the immigrant rights movement – also dot many caps. A good number reference the DREAM Act and the hostile political climate immigrants and their families find themselves in.
Everyone experiences college differently. For every student who spreads their wings socially or falls in love with their major, there are those who struggle to stay on top of tuition bills and keep up their grades.
While all of these students end up in the same place on graduation day, a critical look at these mortarboards gives us both a glimpse into the varied paths students take to graduation and the different futures that await them.
Sheila Bock, Associate Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Sheila Bock, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Read more Higher Education Folklore United States Colleges Graduates UNLV The Conversation


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As Sereias e Ulisses é uma pintura a óleo sobre tela de grande dimensão do artista inglês William Etty, exibida pela primeira vez em 1837. O quadro mostra uma cena de Odisseia, de  Homero,  na qual Ulisses (Odisseu) resiste à canção de encantar da Sereia, ao ter sido atado pelos membros da tripulação do seu navio, enquanto estes taparam os seus próprios ouvidos para evitarem ouvir a canção.

Embora tradicionalmente as Sereias sejam ilustradas como uma Quimera, parte humana e parte animal, Etty pintou-as como jovens mulheres nuas, numa ilha cheia de corpos em decomposição. A pintura dividiu as opiniões na época da sua primeira exibição, com alguns críticos a elogiar grandemente a obra, enquanto outros consideraram o trabalho insípido e desagradável. Possivelmente devido à sua grande dimensão, 442.5 cm por 297 cm, a pintura não obteve sucesso financeiro, sendo comprada mais tarde, no mesmo ano da exibição, por um baixo valor, pelo negociador de arte de Manchester Daniel Grant. Grant morreu pouco depois, e o seu irmão doou a pintura à Royal Manchester Institution.

As Sereias e Ulisses foi pintada com a utilização de uma técnica experimental, a qual causava a deterioração da tinta logo depois de ter sido pintada. Foi exibida numa grande exposição em Londres dos trabalhos de Etty em 1849 e em an Exposição de Tesouros Artísticos de 1857 em Manchester, mas foi considerada como estando num estado de conservação muito mau para ser exibida ao público de forma contínua, e foi colocada no arquivo da galeria. O seu restauro teve início em 2003, e em 2010 a pintura foi exposta na Manchester Art Gallery, mais de 150 anos depois de ter ido para um armazém.

Contexto
William Etty (1787-1849) foi aprendiz em Hull, mas ao completar seus estudos, aos 18 anos, mudou-se para Londres para se tornar um artista. Fortemente influenciado pelas obras de Titian e Rubens, tornou-se famoso por pintar figuras nuas em ambientes bíblicos, literários e mitológicos. Enquanto muitos de seus colegas o admiravam e o elegeram como um academicista real em 1828, outros condenaram o conteúdo de seu trabalho como indecente.

Ao longo de sua carreira, Etty foi altamente apreciado pelo influente advogado Thomas Myers, que tinha um bom conhecimento da mitologia clássica. A partir de 1832, Myers começou a escrever regularmente a Etty para sugerir temas potenciais para pinturas. Myers estava convencido de que havia um mercado significativo para grandes pinturas e o encorajou a fazer tais obras. Em 1834, ele sugeriu o tema de Ulysses ("Odysseus" no grego original) encontrando as sereias, uma cena da Odisseia na qual a tripulação de um navio navega após a casa da ilha das sereias. Essas figuras mitológicas eram famosas pela beleza de seus cantos, que atraiam marinheiros para a morte certa. Ulysses já sabia dos encantamentos e temia cair em tal emboscada, então sua equipe o amarrou no mastro do navio sob ordens estritas para não destrancá-lo, após isso, eles bloquearam os ouvidos até que estivessem bem fora do alcance da ilha.

Composição
A obra mostra três sereias cantando em uma ilha, cercadas por cadáveres de pastores mortos. Ulysses é visível no fundo, amarrado ao mastro de seu navio, enquanto nuvens escuras se levantam, compondo um ambiente sombrio. Ulysses parece maior do que seus companheiros marinheiros, enquanto as Sereias mantêm seus braços em poses dramáticas tradicionais e têm uma aparência muito semelhante. O biógrafo de Etty, Leonard Robinson, acredita que provavelmente o autor pintou o mesmo modelo em três poses diferentes. Etty racionalizou a aparência totalmente humana de suas Sereias, explicando que suas formas se tornaram completamente humanas uma vez fora do mar, abordagem seguida por vários pintores posteriores do assunto.

A pintura foi o maior trabalho de Etty desde então, medindo 442,5 cm por 297 cm. O trabalho foi concluído em 1837 e exibido na Royal Academy of Arts naquele ano. Possivelmente devido ao seu tamanho, As Sereias e Ulysses não venderam na Exposição de Verão de 1837, mas um rico comerciante de algodão, chamado Daniel Grant, o comprou em outubro daquele mesmo ano. Após a morte de Grant, em 1839, a obra foi doada para  a instituição Royal Manchester

Restauração

Etty usou técnicas experimentais para fazer A sereias e Ulysses, usando uma cola forte como um estabilizador de tinta que fez a tinta secar dura e quebradiça. [Desde o momento em que foi pintada, começou a deteriorar-se.Depois de ter sido exibida na Exposição dos Tesouros da Arte de 1857, foi considerada em uma condição muito pobre para exibição pública e foi colocado em armazenamento de longo prazo nos arquivos da Royal Manchester  e seu sucessor, o Manchester Art Gallery. Em meados do século 20, houve uma série de tentativas mal sucedidas para reparar a obra. Uma dessas tentativas de limpar a pintura involuntariamente danificou ainda mais a tinta.

Em 2003, a equipe da Manchester Art Gallery determinou que, se o trabalho de conservação não fosse realizado, a pintura em breve seria irremediável. A Fundação Esmée Fairbairn e o AXA Art Insurance forneceram financiamento para a restauração. Uma tela de substituição para a qual a pintura havia sido anexada na década de 1930 foi removida. Em seguida, utilizou-se uma mistura de adesivo e giz  para restaurar a superfície da pintura e a tinta adicionada durante a tentativa de restauração anterior foi removida. Uma nova camada dupla de tela foi adicionada na parte de trás da pintura, e as três camadas foram coladas juntas. Em 2006, a pintura reparada foi movida de volta dos estúdios de conservação para a Manchester Art Gallery.

Veja também
 Pinturas de William Etty

Bibliografia

Ligações externas
 William Etty: The Life and Art de Leonard Robinsomn, 2007

Pinturas de William Etty
Nu artístico
Pinturas de 1837

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Sheet metal is formed by industrial process which allows metals to process into flat and thins pieces which has many applications as it can bend into many shapes easily. There are various object fabricated from sheet metals. With very little thickness it can be termed as foil or leaf and those with thickness more than 6mm are considered as plate. The metals are available in coiled strips or flat pieces. By running a continuous sheet of metal through roll stiller, coils are formed. Then traditional method to measure the thickness is followed in millimeters. However United States uses different method which use gage to measure the sheet thickness which shows that the larger gauge number would consist of thinner metal sheet that ranges from 30 to 7. The gauges numbers are different in ferrous and non ferrous metals Industry Trends The market size for metal sheet will show healthy growth in upcoming years because of the applications of sheet metals in industries such as aerospace, defense and automobiles. Metal sheet is formed with the industrial processes which turn the metal into flat and thin sheets that can also be cut or bend in to further shapes and structures. Disposable income growth of the people along with the rapid economic growth in developing nations is the factors that are running global automobile industry. The large number of automobiles is still in developed countries but sales of automobiles is being boosted by developing countries because of the evolution of facilities in infrastructure, living standard rising, and economic growth. It was recorded 92.8 million units of global sale in automobile in 2016 which will grow in future and will aid the global sale of sheet metal. Defense and Aerospace industries is forecasted to show a strong progress and growth due to the frequent travelling and increase in transportation demand which will increase the use of aircrafts on large scale. It is now common thing even in developing countries to travel in aero planes because of purchase power parity. The decision has been shifted from saving money to saving time with change in lifestyle. The more environmental friendly and lighter weight aircrafts has also been introduced in the market that is changing the defense patterns and the sheet metal market is boosted due to it. The products require handling with more care due to the variations in thickness and weight. The heavy products are good conductor of heat and electricity along with sharp edges. The products get hot rapidly when exposed to the sun and the operators working are required to be careful dealing with it. The welding and cutting of the sheet metals produce metal dust and fumes which are harmful to human health which can be the factors in consideration that may hinder the sheet metal growth. The global sheet market can mainly be classified into steel and aluminium according to the material. Steel has four different grades which have different properties according tom the nature and used in different form of sheets. Aluminium is used to make sheets for aircraft due to its strong properties and light weight. Aluminium in aircraft is used to make the outer surface, wings and fuselage with combination off other element s and alloys. In coming years, the growth of usage of aircraft material and automobiles will contribute the important growth segment for metal sheet market. The metal sheets according to the product can be classified into coiled strips or flat pieces. The rolling and bending of metal sheets can form flat pieces which can be used further by cutting into certain shapes. The thickness of the sheets may vary and the thinnest sheet with the thickness of 6 mm is known as foil. The sheet greater than the thickness of 6 mm are called plates. Metal sheets runs continuously through roller slitter to make coiled strips. The metal sheets has wide application in different industrial sectors such as automobiles, building and construction, aerospace, agriculture machineries, steel industries and heavy machinery industries such as shipbuilding etc. The metals sheets are used in these industries to make cars, vehicles, cargo trucks, building structures, aircrafts, containers, ships etc. Trends from Global Market China and India is primary sheet metal market when considering the regions of Asia that is helping to raise the construction and boosting automobile industry. The market is also projected to rise when considering North America and Europe. The Latin America is likely to fuel the sheet metal industry in future by the development and construction of automobile industry. The global market size of metal stamping is estimated as 204.56 billion dollars in 2016. The market share for stamping is aided by the increase of demand in automotive and consumer electronics. Stamped metal is widely used in manufacturing of automotive chassis, interior and exterior structure and transmission components of electronics. The supply of steel in abundance has resulted to decrease the prices in past and the European crisis in economy was also the main factor to affect prices. However, declining prices in the period ahs benefitted the use of high grade steel to increase the performance of consumer end, electrical and electronic products. Industrial machinery and equipments assembly demand stamped metal sheets with certain design and shape narrowly focus on geometrical structures can also increase the growth of industry. However wide use of plastic and polymers can substitute sheet metals and hinder the growth. Future Prospects The conditions for construction trend has been increased and expected to result in increasing the growth. The metal sheet industry will be benefitted by increase in construction demand worldwide. Housing market growth will be highest in India followed by Myanmar, Vietnam and United States that will represent the highest demand in the sector. The rise in financial downturn in various nations is projected to create opportunities in commercial and residential infrastructure that will help t create small and large infrastructure projects around the world. Change in demography and increase in awareness of knowledge around the world will also demand to establish educational sectors that will create the demand for roofing, sheet metals and ductwork. Target Markets Different metals can be used to make sheet metals which include: aluminum, copper, brass, steel, nickel, tin and titanium. Silver, gold and platinum sheets are also used and mostly for decorative purposes. Automobiles and truck bodies require sheets, medical tables, airplane body, roofs and many other applications use sheet metals. The laminated sheet cores have wide application in transformers and electric machines. China and India provide the largest market for sheet making industries. Europe and America can also be considered as key market for metal sheets as the demand will increase due increase in construction and infrastructure with various styles and designs including, shape, size and material. The market will also increase in Latin America due to increase in automobile industries Impact of technology Automation in industries has increased the productivity in every industrial sector including sheet metal industry. The automation has decreased the human intervention in manufacturing that has resulted to decrease accident rates at work place. However the automation has also resulted to increase unemployment for people who are associated with metal sheet industry. The automation has replaced the human labor force but the machine design argues that it will create more jobs for people, which is not obvious. The automation will demand more skills and the layman would run out of the job from industry. American Sheet manufacturing industry has been transformed by the automation that do not require low skilled worker. Further improvements in technological advancement such as robotics and 3D printing will boost the trend of redundant. The automation industry have decreased the labor cost such as of welder who earns 25 dollars per hour is replaced by the automation that can provide more working with efficiency at 8 dollars of operating cost per hour. Political impact America is going to invest around 1 trillion dollars on infrastructure to win successful trade of the sector in country. The president's order for "Buy American, Hire American" will increase the price in construction. The prices of products for steel have been increased by 19 percent since last year. The call for buy American has led American federal agencies to initiate the projects for protection strengthening on American goods. The order has affected small businesses of steel that rely on foreign products at lower price but however it is aimed to increase the benefits overall in return with continuously using products for certain time. Impacts of Policies The technological advancement of metal stamping has increased the usage of process in commercial industries and local markets. However regulation policies have serious concerns on increasing usage of stamping as it is related with issues such as waste generations, safety standards. The increase in material usage is critical for sustainable growth of industry. Key Market Players The major sheet metal manufacturers include: Bud Industries, General Sheet Metal Works, ATAS International, BlueScope Steel , &E Manufacturing, Associated Materials, ABC Sheet Metal, Prototek, Autoline Industries, Wise Alloys, Alcoa, Noble Industries, United States Steel Corporation, NCI Building Systems, Nucor Corporation, Pepco Manufacturing, Southwark Metal, Proto-D Engineering, Deepesh pressing, Fabrimech Engineers, Rajhans Pressings, Nimex International , Aero Tech Manufacturing Dhananjay Group, and Vinman Engineering.


text:
Area 3 includes elements of substantive representation and concerns both elected members and parliamentary employees. The criterion is inward-oriented because it evaluates internal working procedures, but also outward-oriented, as it lays the foundation for gender-sensitive legislation processes.
A gender-sensitive parliament can systematically bring to the table topics and issues that acknowledge and promote women's interests and concerns. In order to do so, a gender-sensitive parliament must have formal institutional mechanisms to promote gender equality, recognising its political importance and societal relevance. A gender-sensitive parliament ensures that women's diverse needs, interests and strategic priorities are clearly articulated and represented, form part and parcel of all laws and policies, and are incorporated into institutional operations (OSCE 2017).
Area 3 has three domains:
The first domain explores the presence and resources of gender mainstreaming structures, such as gender equality bodies or cross-party networks.
The second domain assesses the existence of gender mainstreaming tools for MPs, such as gender equality training, gender equality plans and gender budgeting.
The third domain refers to the inclusion of a gender perspective in parliamentary employees' work.


It's almost impossible to be bored in Amsterdam. Simply walking around the street, soaking up the city's culture and traditions and its architecture could occupy you for your entire visit. There is first-rate art galore, and myriad museums to occupy you on rainy days. In between times you'll find delightful cafés, and restaurants from all over the world.
At night you can extend your cultural menu to cover a classical concert or opera, excellent dance and intriguing theatre performances, or take in one of the vibrant summer festivals. And if you have any energy left, there are sports facilities for everything from squash to canoe tours.


text:
OnePlus launches Experience Store in India, plans 100 shops
Chinese smartphone brand OnePlus has launched an experience store in Coimbatore, India.
It is one the firm's planned network of 100 experience stores that are expected to be opened in 50 cities within the territory by next year, with a particular focus on tier two cities. OnePlus has around 25 experience stores established so far, as well as around 70 service centres. The new outlet also features its own service centre.
Additionally, OnePlus has more than 2000 service centres in large-format retail stores throughout India.
OnePlus India's regional head of marketing Darshana Bala said the new store launch is in line with the company's plan to augment its offline impression all over India, according to a SiliconIndia report.
OnePlus has been eyeing the Indian market since its launch in 2014. It has a close to 40 per cent market share in the premium sector.
OnePlus closes Beijing, Shanghai stores JD Thai JV formally launched Smartphone brand Realme eyes Southeast Asia
China, India, News, Slider, Stores


Board a cog train from Cosme Velho Station for a ride to the Corcovado Mountain, where you will visit one of the world's most famous landmarks: the giant statue of Christ the Redeemer. You will experience the 20-minute steep train journey, which takes you through the dense Atlantic rainforest of Tijuca, which offers a wonderful opportunity for a closer look at the forest's lush tropical vegetation and to enjoy scenic landscapes of the beaches and city. You will disembark at the top of Corcovado and then proceed up the steps that lead to the top lookout where the towering statue of Christ the Redeemer stands, one of the New 7 Wonders of the World. Get up-close to Christ the Redeemer and spend some time appreciating the panoramic view of this beautiful city, from the incredible mountain-top vantage point. Then, you will descend by train. The tour will continue passing by Rio's world-famous beaches.
You will head to the neighborhood of Urca, where one of the largest symbols of the city is located: Sugar Loaf. You will travel all the way to the top by cable car. The first cable car takes you to Urca Hill, at 215 meters high, which grants beautiful views of Guanabara Bay and its islands, the Rio-Niterói Bridge and Corcovado Mountain. From this stage, a second cable car takes you up to the top to enjoy a Healthy Welcome Cocktail at Abençoado. At 395 meters, you will enjoy splendid views of Copacabana beach, the Santa Cruz fortress and several beaches of Niterói. After riding the Cable car back down.
After the check-in, you will get a tracking for lighter track. This is easy to access, you will start at Rio Serrano (set of pools), then head to other destinations: Hall of Colored Sand, Cachoeirinha and Spring Waterfall. All points are suitable for swimming, except for Sands. Route - 6 km.
Leaving at 8:30 am, we will first stop at Rio Mucugezinho – 20 KM from Lençois, walking 20 minutes by the river's edge. Its stream bed of misaligned rocks forms some waterfalls, one of the biggest is Poço do Diabo, a 22 meter drop and a lake to swing over, where you will stay for 1 hour. Lapa Doce – Situated at Iraquara City, 70 KM from Lençois, is a passage towards the grotto that has a duration of 1h 30min to 2h, it has a height of 850 meters. Here you can observe typical formations as stalagmites, stalactites, columns and other fascinating beauties. Then, a second stop will take you to the Gruta da Pratinha, still at Iraquara, located 6 KM from Lapa Doce. Especially excavated by Pratinha River.
When you leave its depths and come to the surface, you notice the grotto of Pratinha has characteristics of the limy regions, with a bluish tone and crystalline waters. When it receives the incidence from the sun light, it turns a silver plated tone, which is what gives it its name. It's very pleasant place for a swim.
On the way back to Lençois, you will stop at Pai Inácio, its centric location at the Chapadá will allow you to appreciate a panoramic sight of Chapadá's most imposing peaks, as well as the mountain ranges of Bacia, Mucugezinho, Sobradinho and the mounts of Camelo e Morrão. This tour ends approximately at 18.00 hours.
You will witness a spectacle of nature in Bahia. With a visit to the city of Mucuge, you will discover one of the oldest cities in Chapada, where the Byzantine style cemetery is one of the main attractions. The grotto is situated at Itaetê City, 156 KM from Lençois. When you get there, it seems as if you're taking a trip to the center of the earth, a great hall of 40 meters above sea level lodges an enormous well, with 61 meters of depth of transparent waters that allow you to see the water's ground.
Poço Azul is a crown jewel, a flooded cave which held a precious treasure within its depths. Not long ago, explorers discovered the bones of about forty different species of animals, most of them extinct. You can even swim in the crystal-clear waters of Poço Azul and glide around the remains of old submerged trees, still in excellent condition. Then, we will visit Poço Encantado. The latter is a fragile ecosystem, where at certain times of the day -between April and September- the sunlight will fall in through a crevasse, like a celestial ray similar to an Indiana Jones. With these crystalline waters, no one would imagine that the cave has about sixty feet deep. This is something you must see to believe, do not forget your camera, so you friends will have proof that you are not exaggerating when you explain this beautiful location.
This trip starts with a ride aboard a submarine, followed by snorkeling to enjoy the underwater beauty of Fernando de Noronha. It finishes with a barbecue on board. It takes approximately 3 hours.
We recommend that you bring: sandals, hat, sun cream and camera.
This tour includes transfers and it can be programed in the mornings or afternoons. It operates daily.
Land transfers and tours for the whole trip are quoted on private basis with bilingual speaking guide (Spanish-English).
Our prices include entrance fees and tourist ticket costs to determined historical, natural, or religious landmarks that are managed by the local authorities in many cases. Costs may increase without prior warning. Condor Travel will notify you of these immediately and adjust the prices accordingly.


The citizen's bond advisory committee for the EPISD bond issue is having attendance problems.
It looks like the group is doing the right thing and is starting to replace members who don't show up for meetings.
These people have a responsibility to us citizens. Those who cannot attend regularly should resign and get out of the way.
This entry was posted on Saturday, November 17th, 2018 at 5:00 AM and is filed under El Paso Independent School District.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
LOL Sam Morgan is listed as only having shown up to 3 meetings. How's that for commitment to our children's education? And being on City Council is no excuse for not showing up.
A hearty thanks to Ana Elena Allen for being the only one to show up to every meeting.
Brutus, I believe the problem is much deeper. the CBAC is continually told they are "advisory: in nature. However they are supposed to be an oversight committee for the district voters, residents of EPISD, faculty and students. They receive outdated information, incomplete decisions, and plans that have already been changed numerous times. The feeling is they are a rubber stamp, to be used when citizen complaints or questions arise. I have already heard from the older CBAC they were used when entities complained about the progress and scope of work being done along the lines of "Administration spokesperson: Your CBAC oversaw this project and found nothing out of the ordinary." Seems teh members of this new CBAC are tired of being left in the dark while deals are being made between CAC and various board members. Why serve if nothing they do or say is being acted upon.
Similar problems with other "advisory" boards…the city's Open Space Advisory Board is pure greenwashing, has zero power and no one from the city other than an assistant lawyer ever attends. I used to go as a member of the public to show support but finally realized it was a waste of however many hours I have left in my lifetime, and any show of public support for OSAB just helped fuel the pretense that it mattered.
Mike, I think your right. The original planning committee for the bond was similarly a rubber stamp approach, per members of the committee.
In 96 while working for Ernst & Young Technologies, a group of us were assigned an in depth, dawn to dusk education in construction technology, telecommunication requirements, and build out requirements. After 6 days a week, 8 weeks we probably could hold our own. I supervised and personally oversaw at least 22 major projects, including things like wiring closets, how many pair of wire going into a building and so on. There is a cert for all that. Fast forward to 2016 bond. At first the principal assigned me to the campus committee, but when I started asking questions the EPISD coordinator asked the principal to pull me off as I was "slowing them down". I know two of the architects fro EY days. I talked to them and their concern was they were being rushed into this and then finding that even the STATE had regs and rules for school construction. I believe every one on th CBAC was selected for a patsy.
These are the rules, and a lengthy read it is, for new and reconstructed schools. From what I have seen of the architectural drawings none of them are complying either.


Valvoline Instant Oil Change Hemet, CA, 3615 W. Florida Ave.
All the staff I had contact with were extremely professional and knowledgeable.
I felt the service is over priced for what you get. I went with a synthetic blend. I can get a fully synthetic oil change at meineke for less.
Everyone I interfaced with were polite and helpful, and apologetic when they didn't have the right size wiperblade for the rear window of my Tucson. The young lady ever suggested that if I were to purchase the blade from the dealer, then brought it to them, thy would be happy to install the blade for me. Very courteouse.
They were very informative, courteous, efficient and professional.I was shown the air cleaner that was very dirty and suggested that I purchase one but they did not have one in stock so he told me to go to an auto parts store to buy one and to come back and they would put it in for free which I did.I greatly appreciate them going above and beyond to give excellent customer service.
Service was okay nothing exceptional. Felt like just another customer coming through the system with rehearsed language. Not a bad thing just nothing special.
Great service! No wait! Got it done quick!
This was the quickest oil change I ever got.
Super friendly ladies working in there. They explained what they were doing and didn't get pushy trying to upsell me.
Fast, friendly service. Didn't even have to leave the car. I got good recommendations but not pressured and I was on the road in no time.
The staff was very busy but will still attentive, courteous, and personable.
It was a good experience. All in all except the price and the fact that I couldn't get my tires rotated and balanced.
The facility is in an awkward spot and we weren't sure where to pull in. We ended up having to go back out on the highway, drive down to the next shopping center entrance and return to the Valvoline. There should be better indicators of the entrance.
I was taken care of very quickly and professionally. Tonya Robertson helped me and was very knowledgeable and communicated every step of the process. I will recommend Valvoline to friends and family and be back with all our vehicles.
Fast and very pleasant. In and out.
The manager was very pleasant as usual.
Loved being able to stay in the vehicle to see everything going on.
The service personnel knew what they were doing and got it done. No problems, no waiting and great personalities.
This was my first oil change after the free one's under warranty. As I found out later in the day, after the synthetic oil change was completed, you charged me almost double what my dealer would have charged, or $118 versus $60. I got taken because I was unaware what synthetic oil prices should be.
Did everything they should have.
The staff were very professional and extremely courteous.
Super super friendly. Knowledgeable staff. Never pressured into buying something but did let me know.l what I'd need in the future.


Our showroom renovation has been completed. It is now possible to test anytime our SLC SF RotaDobe and our brand-new VCR Handy: more productive than ever, smarter as only a RAM machine could be!
Anyone interested in any aided cutting trial on our machines is welcome to contact us to schedule a visit to our headquarters.
Come and join us at the Foam Expo Europe 2019. From the 10th to the 12th of September 2019 in Stuttgart – Germany, to discover the latest news of the RAM offering! We are waiting for you at booth nr. 639!


SAT        village? Stars Kate Lee.
SAT        the stage. Stars Patrick Barlow. From May 2007.
SAT        idyll takes a turn for the unexpected. Stars Emma Fielding.
SAT        Hardy which have been left unsaid. Stars Tom Courtenay.
SAT        investigates with the help of the meerkats of the Kalahari.
SAT        Billy Collins and Broadway bandleader Rob Fisher. From 2010.
SAT        Chris Dolan, starring Phyllis Logan.
SAT        Guesting microwave is prepared for recording..
SAT        people who made us laugh this August.
SAT        to view on the Fresh From the Fringe website.
SAT        Produced by Lyndsay Fenner.
SUN        could be the work of just one artist.
SUN        With Sean Lock, Arthur Smith, Sue Perkins and Miranda Hart.
SUN        wedding. Stars William Mervyn. From October 1972.
SUN        fill his shoes? Stars Deryck Guyler and Richard Murdoch.
SUN        a treasure hunt. Stars Richard Pearce and Andrew Sachs.
SUN        up in the early days of the space race? Stars Don Fellows.
SUN        Music by Jeff Mearns.
SUN        America on Halloween in 1938.
SUN        Orson Welles and The War of the Worlds: Myth or Legend?
SUN        Scofield, Simon Callow and Felicity Kendal.
SUN        become a journalist having had a mishap with an inflatable.
MON        Dirk end up in Texas. Stars Hugh Bonneville. From July 2001.
MON        Betty Marsden. From May 1967.
MON        This week, the drugs trade.
MON        achieve their goals in the land of semi-skimmed milk.
MON        new girlfriend and is behaving like a lovestruck teenager.
MON        She is also trying to get to the Aspire to Dream retreat.
MON        been spotted in the region.
MON        celebration of his 75th birthday.
MON        years of classic British songwriting.
MON        Festival Hall, London until Sunday 1st December.
MON        Blues' from his album 'Tooth and Nail'.
MON        Miss Crawley attempts to decide who will inherit her money.
MON        William Makepeace Thackeray dramatisation with Stephen Fry.
MON        boarding school in England.
MON        Acts by Philip Ardagh.
MON        Jon Holmes, Sara Pascoe, Joe Stilgoe and Laura Shavin.
MON        and constant lack of essential supplies. Stars Peter Kay.
TUE        Steafel. Writers include Andy Hamilton. From September 1977.
TUE        Becky has plans to deal with an uncertain financial future.
TUE        Narrated by Stephen Fry, stars Emma Fielding.
WED        the Name of the Wee Man.'"
WED        Tommy Lorne had on Stanley himself.
WED        A Catherine Bailey production for BBC Radio 4.
WED        Dreadful Acts by Philip Ardagh.
WED        Special guests are Adil Ray and Arabella Weir.
THU        never a practical solution.
THU        infidelity. Will their relationship survive?
THU        Nichols. From August 1948.
THU        name of national security.
THU        Bishop ...... Ewan Hooper.
THU        still seems relevant today.
THU        4/5. William Barron and West Park, Macclesfield.
THU        part of the current story, Dreadful Acts by Philip Ardagh.
THU        Wrigglesworth and Andrew Maxwell.
FRI        Wilcox. From July 2004.
FRI        the very first time.
FRI        has changed his perceptions of young offenders today.
FRI        a surprise. Stars Bebe Daniels and Ben Lyon. From May 1961.
FRI        Dreadful Acts by Philip Ardagh.
FRI        horror read by Linus Roach.
FRI        Livesley to celebrate all things Viv Stanshall.
FRI        Rob Newman, Steve Punt and Hugh Dennis. From February 1990.


text:
2020-02-25 بواسطة mellisa5844 إيقاف
To have a pencil storage generally means to have much better organised work completed in your workplace, when the desks aren't covered by the quite a few pens, pencils, markers, highlighters, rulers, paper clips, erasers, sharpeners and different issues like that. David Smith, one of the teachers involved, paperclips game unblocked says he knows he's stereotyped as a Southerner, and admits that he stereotypes Northerners. In changing their perceptions about minorities, the scholars of Whitwell additionally modified perceptions others might have held about them. That America has been divided by pundits into blue states and purple states doesn't mean there usually are not good-hearted people living all over the place; in a time of divisiveness, there is something innocently naive concerning the paper clip challenge, which transforms a foolish mountain of paper clips into a small town's touching gesture.
That could possibly be a narrative just like the one concerning the kid who was dying and wanted to collect enterprise playing cards, and received thousands and thousands and hundreds of thousands as his desperate dad and mom announced he had recovered and not needed more cards. However the Whitwell story goes to a different level, a touching one, as the scholars make new friends by way of their venture. Two of them are Peter and Dagmar Schroeder, White Home correspondents from Germany, who go to the town and write about it. Many extra were Holocaust survivors, who as a group visited Whitwell for a pot-luck dinner at the Methodist church, courses on the college, and a neighborhood reception.
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المقالة السابقةالسابقMessage In A Bottle By Jazmine Claire Gonzales On Prezi
المقالة التاليةالتاليTop 9 Easter Bunny Templates For Desktop Publishing Applications


text:
Caratteristiche tecniche
È un centravanti.

Carriera

Club
Cresciuto nel settore giovanile del , ha esordito in prima squadra il 22 maggio 2016 disputando l'incontro di División Profesional perso 3-2 contro il .

Statistiche

Presenze e reti nei club
Statistiche aggiornate al 26 gennaio 2019.

Cronologia presenze e reti in nazionale

Collegamenti esterni