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Home Gear Review: Panasonic Varicam LT Digital Cinema Camera
Review: Panasonic Varicam LT Digital Cinema Camera
Everything about the Varicam LT just screams "professional." Simply put, the Varicam LT is a blast to use, and the more time a user invests digging into the inner workings of the camera, the more they're rewarded for their effort.
by Alex Schwindt
Street Price: $16,500
It's constructed like a tank and definitely feels like it could come out the other side of a battle in one piece.
It almost goes without saying, but church filmmakers are currently experiencing a golden season as more and more ministries are beginning to embrace the power of original media to help fulfill their missions. As church film teams push the limits of narrative and documentary storytelling, the demands are continuing to grow for tools that can create cinema-quality imagery. Fortunately, top manufacturers like Panasonic have recognized the need for cameras capable of capturing this kind of footage and are introducing exciting new models designed specifically to fulfill those requirements.
First introduced in 2014, the Panasonic Varicam 35 has already made a significant impact in the film, television and documentary worlds. In the past two years the Varicam 35 has been used on Netflix shows like "Orange is the New Black" and "Masters of None," as well as feature films like "Bad Santa 2" and Kevin Hart's "What Now?" Two years later, recognizing the need for a smaller, more mobile version of its popular cinema camera, Panasonic announced the new Varicam LT.
Aimed specifically at documentary and indie filmmakers, the Varicam LT utilizes the same sensor as the Varicam 35 in a more portable camera body, sacrificing only a few higher-end specs and faster 4K frame rates. Soon after the announcement of the Varicam LT we began to realize that this camera could be ideal for churches looking for Hollywood-quality imagery in a run-and-gun form factor. The only real question was how it would hold up against the demands of real-world ministry filmmaking.
For the purposes of this review, Panasonic generously lent us the Varicam LT Pro EX package, which includes the camera body, OLED viewfinder, grip module and quick release shoulder mount. We'll be covering all of these elements, but readers should also be aware that the camera works perfectly well as a stand-alone camera body, which includes the LCD control panel/viewer.
At the heart of the Panasonic LT is the Varicam Super 35 sensor, capable of capturing 4K in 24 and 30 frames per second (fps) into the AVC-Intra 4K 422 12-bit codec. In addition, when paired with the Odyssey 7Q external recorder, the sensor can output to an even more impressive 4K RAW at 60fps. Just as importantly, when recording in the AVC-Intra codec set to log color space the sensor captures an amazing 14 stops of dynamic range, which is a big part of what makes digital comparable to the golden standard of celluloid film.
Internally, the Varicam LT also records 2K and HD files at 24, 30 and 60fps. In these smaller frame sizes the camera can utilize both the AVC-Intra and ProRes 444 and 422 codecs. When using only the center portion of the sensor the frame rates can be pushed up to 120 in 2K and 240 in HD. While shooting in 4K optimizes image quality, the ability to film to smaller resolutions and lighter codecs allows the camera to capture more footage to the card, an important consideration when filming documentary-style in the field.
Feeling the Quality
One of the first things shooters will notice right away about the Varicam LT is the build quality of the camera. It's constructed like a tank and definitely feels like it could come out the other side of a battle in one piece. This build quality comes at the cost of some additional weight, but the camera is still light enough to throw on your shoulder for a considerable amount of time, or to fly on higher-end gimbal systems.
The Varicam LT utilizes Panasonic's proprietary P2 cards for capturing footage. Like the camera itself, the P2 cards are extremely robust, dependable and high capacity, while still being fast enough to handle 4K 12-bit files. Film teams considering the Varicam LT will want to be aware that P2s are high-end professional cards, requiring a stand-alone card reader and costing considerably more than typical SD or CF cards an important consideration to remember when budgeting for the camera.
The LCD control panel is mounted directly to the top of the camera, and doubles as a very solid viewscreen for monitoring in real time. In a unique approach that will quickly grow on users, the control panel itself is externally wired to the camera body, allowing it to be several feet away from the camera itself while filming. When attached to the on-camera mount, the screen can also be rotated 180 degrees, allowing it to be viewed and operated from three sides of the camera.
The Varicam LT incorporates a number of professional connection ports, including HD-SDI, Genlock/TC, and four channels of audio via one 5-pin stereo XLR and two 3-pin XLR connections. The camera also features a 1/8-inch headphone jack discretely placed on the lower left side, very near were the operator's head would sit when operating shoulder mount. Real-time audio levels can be monitored visually, both the LCD viewer panel and the external electronic viewfinder (EVF). Audio input levels can be assigned to the dial on the external handgrip and adjusted manually if desired.
Run-and-gun Essentials
While the Varicam LT can function well in a locked-down setup, one of the real advantages of the camera is its portability. In order to maximize the camera's effectiveness when shoulder-mounted, Panasonic has developed a few essential accessories.
One optional add-on is the OLED EVF, which, like the camera it was designed to compliment, features a rock-solid construction and one of the best screens we've ever come across in an EVF. In another nice touch, the EVF includes buttons and a jog wheel, allowing users to customize setting without taking the camera off their shoulder. It's certainly a premium addition, but as with most tools at this level, you definite get what you pay for.
Another accessory that many documentary filmmakers will find indispensable is the optional handgrip. The grip is attached to the optional shoulder mount via a telescoping arm arrangement that will be immediately familiar to Sony FS7 users. In addition to having a jog wheel for adjusting things like iris or audio levels, the grip also has two user-assignable buttons for toggling focus and exposure assist tools. It's extremely comfortable to use and should be able to accommodate a number of different shooting styles
Hands-on Impressions
There's no denying that we were pretty excited to get our hands on this camera. From the moment we got assembled we began throwing everything and the kitchen sink at it. We filmed controlled studio tests, narrative setups, run-and-gun documentary footage, live events, outdoor scenes, mixed lighting environments – every and any challenge church filmmakers could possibly expect to encounter. After putting it through this battery of tests we came away with a much better idea of what the camera was really all about.
First off, everything about the Varicam LT just screams "professional." It's crystal clear from the first time you pick it up that an incredible amount of consideration and work went into the design of this camera. Anytime we encountered a potential usability issue five minutes of research revealed that the engineers were already a step of ahead of us. Simply put, the Varicam LT is a blast to use, and the more time a user invests digging into the inner workings of the camera, the more they're rewarded for the effort.
The 4K footage coming off the camera looks as cinematic as just about anything we've seen this side of digital. This is in large part thanks to the sensor's 14 stops of dynamic range, which contributes to beautiful highlight rolloffs and skin tones that are incredibly filmic. The look of the footage itself is Panasonic to its core, which longtime fans of the company's cameras will be thrilled to hear. Properly setting exposure and white balancing are crucial to really make this camera sing, but with some practice it's possible to get breathtaking footage.
Introducing "Dual ISO"
One of the most unique features of the Varicam LT is the implementation of an entirely novel "Dual Native ISO" system. Cameras usually have one "native" ISO setting that produces the cleanest image with the least amount of image noise. The Varicam LT has two "Base ISOs" of 800 and 5000, meaning that the camera can film in lower light settings at Base 5000 with a noise level very similar to the native Base 800 level. Once filmmakers chose their Base ISO, a secondary ISO setting can be adjusted up or down as needed for the situation.
After extensive testing we found that while the Varicam LT footage is undeniably beautiful; it will be important to stick as close to these two Base ISOs in order to produce the cleanest image possible. For many filmmakers the noise will feel similar to what you'd expect from film and won't be much of an issue. In our tests we found the cleanest image was achieved by setting the Base ISO to 5000, then setting the secondary ISO down to 2500. While this costs the image a slight bit of dynamic range it produces a very clean, very gradable end result.
When trying to expose as close to perfectly as possible, users will be grateful for the three levels of ND filters built directly into the Varicam LT. These filters cut down the light hitting the sensor in situations where changing the iris or gain would otherwise compromise the image. It's fantastic feature to have on a cinema camera, especially one targeted to documentary filmmakers. Hopefully the LT will inspire other manufactures to begin considering built-in ND as a non-negotiable feature moving forward.
One of the first thing things filmmakers will notice when powering up the Varicam LT is how loud the cooling fan is. We were seriously concerned until we hit the Record button for the first time and the fan immediately powered down. The fan stayed cycled down until the recoding stopped, the reengaged immediately afterwards. It's a nice touch, and a clever way to keep the camera's internal workings cool without affecting on-set audio.
Another aspect we quickly fell for was the LCD control panel/viewer included with the Varicam LT. When monitoring footage the image is sharp, the colors are vivid and accurate, and the way it's incorporated into the system is innovative. Many of our narrative projects involve the cinematographer operating the camera shoulder-mounted; having the ability to use the control panel as a remote viewer for the Director in tight setups is great.
Filming in slow motion at 120fps and 240fps is also a nice option to have on the Varicam LT. Filming in the center crop mode cuts the ISO sensitivity in half, so we definitely saw the best results when filming with plenty of light. Filming slow motion, especially at 240fps, in darker environments tends to expose the reduced bit rate. For best results we'd definitely recommend sticking with the 120fps in daylight settings.
While there aren't too many downsides to the Varicam LT, we found a couple of aspects we'd love to see improved in future versions of the camera. The lack of any kind of built-in mic on the body for scratch audio is disappointing. Not a big deal when filming in controlled settings, but for a camera aimed at documentary filmmakers it's a bit of a bummer.
The other minor annoyance is the 20-second restart time required by the camera each time you change the codec or the frame rate. In a perfect world you'd only use one group of settings on each project, but that's not the world we live in. Sometimes creativity requires making adjustments, and these restart delays are annoying enough that they could affect that creativity when filming. Any way to improve the turnaround time would be extremely welcome.
Those quibbles aside, overall we were very impressed with the Varicam LT. At the end of the day what matters most on a camera like this is the imagery that it produces, and the LT produces absolutely beautiful footage. For narrative applications the camera will absolutely bloom in the hands of a talented cinematographer. As mentioned earlier in this review, it's a lot of fun to use in documentary, run-and-gun settings, as well. When fully kitted out the rig can trend a bit toward the heavier side, but many shooters prefer a little heft because they believe it steadies out the shots.
Simply put, the Varicam LT should be on the short list of cameras to consider for any church wanting to create media that competes with the entertainment industry in the arena of idea. It's a powerful, versatile tool that will be at home in just about any situation or environment church filmmakers could throw at it.
The Varicam LT currently lists for $16,500, body-only.
video cameras production
Alex Schwindt
ALEX SCHWINDT is a filmmaker and writer with over two decades of ministry experience. He's also the creative director of Alex Schwindt Media, a boutique media agency specializing in commercial, documentary and concept film and video.
Read more by Alex Schwindt


MINNESOTA MONTHLY: Minnesota Monthly is the essential guide to exploring and explaining the life and culture of the Twin Cities and the state of Minnesota.
MINNESOTA PLAYLIST: An online resource for the Twin Cities theater community.
CITY PAGES FOOD BLOG - HOT DISH: Read Dawn's published posts for the Twin Cities leading food blog.
Twice produced in Minneapolis, this is a commissioned, one-woman show about the life of Jeanne Bearmon - one of the first officers in the Women's Army Corps during World War II.
"Finding Frankenstein" - A one-woman show about the life of Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstien.
Commissioned by and regularly performed at The Bakken Museum in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
* "Madame Majesta's Medicine Tent Show" – This show was commissioned by the company of artists at Interact Theater in Minneapolis. Working closely with composer Aaron Gabriel, this show followed a company of 'freaks' in turn-of-the-century America.
*"Work of Heart" – My second commissioned work with Interact Theatre. This magical story followed a hum-drum office drone down a rabbit hole and into a world of surprises and love.
* "Snegurochkas & Babushkas" - This children's show which incorporates several characters from Russian Folklore. Commissioned by and performed at The Museum of Russian Art in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
* "We Gotta' Bingo" - Hired as an actor, I collaborated with the company who work-shopped and improvised a final script which ran at The Actor's Theater of MN from 2005-2007, and in Cleveland, OH in 2007.
*"The Ultimate Pajama Party" – I am a company member and co-writer of this fun and highly interactive play. Premised on the idea of an old-school slumber party, but for women with more life experience than they had in 5th grade. Opens Jan. 2013 in Minneapolis.


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Kail Lowry Opens Up About 'Teen...
Kail Lowry Opens Up About 'Teen Mom' Money In Her New Book: "My Kids Have No Idea How Blessed We Are Financially At the Cost of My Privacy & Humility"
October 8, 2018 by The Ashley
"Money doesn't grow on MTV trees, boys!"
In her newest book, A Letter of Love, Kail Lowry opens up about how her chosen life as a reality TV star (and the megabucks she's made from that role) have and will affect her three sons.
The Teen Mom 2 star admits that signing on to the show has made her very wealthy, but in one part of the new book, Kail discusses how she doesn't want her kids– Isaac, Lincoln and Lux– to grow up thinking that their way of life is normal. She also writes that she is worried about the long-term effects the wealth and fame from the show will have on her sons.
"My kids have no idea how blessed we are financially at the cost of my privacy and humility," Kail writes in one chapter of A Letter of Love. "Of course, it's for them. I don't want them to be spoiled in that way."
She acknowledges that the money she makes from the show (and, of course, outside opportunities she got because she is on 'Teen Mom 2') have enabled her to give her son things she never would have been able to had she not signed on with MTV.
"I want them to be spoiled with culture and experiences and to know that there is life outside our hometown of Dover, Delaware," Kail writes. "My kids don't know any life different from the life they have now. I'm afraid that this is going to set them up for failure.
Love these three so much @theluxrussell @theisaacerivera @thelincmarshall ?☀? (dress from @fashionnova )• • • • • • #momofboys #mybabies #vacation #springbreak #kailandthechaos #jamaica #memories
A post shared by Kailyn Lowry (@kaillowry) on Apr 3, 2018 at 12:04pm PDT
Since the kids have always known a life of wealth, Kail writes that she worries they will not be able handle things when they become adults, since they have never really seen their parents work menial jobs in order to pay the bills.
"They don't understand the concept of working in order to obtain what they need or want," Kail wrote. "I'm working on this as a parent."
"I want you guys to be able to have everything, but I also want you all to know the value of a dollar and what it means to keep moving and working hard for the things you want and need," Kail tells her kids in another part of the book.
She also writes directly to her son Lux in one part of the book, explaining her fear that putting him and his brothers in the spotlight will make things hard for him.
"Since I had your brother, Isaac, remaining on television has presented quite a unique dynamic for our lives," Kail wrote. "I'm thankful but sometimes I am regretful. Overall, I am thankful for the opportunities. However, being in the public eye allows for opinions and judgment from people who don't affect our family…
"I'm sure you will wonder why I say that and what it all has to do with you? The truth is that I want you to be prepared," Kail added. "You may hear things about me or your dad, or you may hear things about your family and life in general that may not always be true. This is my attempt to set the record straight for you."
So happy my fourth book is finally out!! Thank you to everyone who helped make this possible ?? @sarahvitelphoto @julietsbeautylounge @kimgivesgoodhair @hotelatavalon @freeyourheartapparel @stacked
A post shared by Kailyn Lowry (@kaillowry) on Sep 25, 2018 at 1:40pm PDT
Kail wrote that she is afraid of the day that her sons will be able to look her up on the Internet.
"I must publicly apologize to my boys for some of the stuff in the media that they are going to read about me," she writes. "I'm not sorry for doing the show, but I am sorry for not being fully aware of how things were produced. I'm sorry for some of the things that have been done on the show. I haven't always made good choices.
"Many of my bad decisions, mixed with the production of a reality show, don't always air according to how things really happened," she added. "I have to face the truth one day. My boys are going to be able to Google me and find things about me that may not be favorable. However, those things don't define who I honestly am. I want my boys to know that I am human, and I want them to know that I have made some mistakes, despite my best efforts."
Kail's new book, A Letter of Love, is on sale now. Click here to order it!
RELATED STORY: Kail Lowry Admits in New Book 'A Letter of Love': "I Knew Going Into the Marriage with Javi That I Would Regret It
Tags: A Letter of Love, Books, Kail Lowry, Money Matters, Teen Mom 2, Teen Mom Books
VERY wealthy? Sure Kailyn keep telling yourself that lol. Your NET worth isn't that high girl! Calm down.
First of all, WHY make this all public?! The letter is meant for your sons? I mean, if they can't read it now, bury it somewhere in the drawer and give it to them when they're old enough to understand.
Second, you could just quit? Or I don't know, don't buy them expensive stuff?! Just because you have money, you don't have to spend it all. Saving it for the future (esp their college funds) is an option too. But I guess the more money you have, less you think about it. I know I wouldn't change if I had a lot because I am not into materialism.
I would love to be a fly on the wall, if and when she has to get a REAL JOB. Can not imagine her getting along well w/ co-workers. Or having to be at a real job at 8:00 AM, and work til 5:00 PM. Good luck with that teen moms
Kail's Spell Check says:
Is it possible Kail actually means HUMILIATION, not humility? I assume she had a ghost writer helping her with this book…maybe that's why she doesn't understand the words on the pages? ?
WandaWondering says:
ASHLEY, I'm locked and can't tweet you but I was wondering if you know what's going on with narcassist JE and her supposed emergency sinus surgery… (btw…there is no such thing as an emergency sinus surgery, they're always scheduled in advance, unless there's immediate trauma or such) Her worthless husband unfollowed her on IG then reflowed only her personal acct. I'm wondering if there's also chaos on the landddd. lol Thanks Ashley.
Microop says:
Didn't Kail get a bachelor's degree? Didn't she leverage her celebrity to host a successful podcast? I think she'll do just fine when the show is over. She doesn't strike me as lazy, she just doesn't have a 9-5 because she doesn't need one. I believe she will successfully make that transition when the time comes for her to do so.
Oopsey! says:
Since when does a mass communication undergraduate degree from a mediocre school guarantee a six figure income? Kailyn, makes more money now than most doctors and lawyers. Since she is above "menial" jobs there will always be porn and yacht girl jobs. Maybe Farrah will hook her up with some clients when the time comes.
Staceys mom says:
Yeah, but kails degree is more than most of the other people on this show have accomplished. Amber, Tyler and Caitlin really don't do much. Sit around and complain. At least kail did something and it seems like she's very Active with her kids. She doesn't sit around on the couch like a moop.
Chiquita Banana says:
It's not like her podcast will bring in huge bank for her, so no…..
She probably won't be as well off as you think
Do worry Kail, your kids don't have to wait until adulthood to see real life. They only have to wait a year or so until Teen No, is cancelled and they will see you and Javier and Joe working "menial" jobs. She said that reality tv star is such a respectable career, Kailyn is so delusional.
Just another person with an opinion says:
I wonder if the book was delayed because she said a lot of unfavorable things about Chris. And now that they're getting along better wanted to change some things lol also I don't think it will be long before she announces she pregnant again. But then again what do I know (nothing lol) I'm just speculating…
Kail's so full of crap!
Aprillynn says:
She had a choice and still does to do the show, she also has the choice to do "menial" jobs if she chooses to show her kids work ethics I have no sympathy for her she's a hypocrite and I've never liked her she's vicious and not a nice person.
Just what I would expect from Kailyn. She needs to dispense her sanctimonious advice to us peasants.
I can't wait to get my copy! /s
Since when has Kail EVERRRRRR showcased humility??
Don't get that confused with narcissism, sweetie ????♀
Right, "humility" and "Kail" are pretty much antonyms.
Maybe she should try being a comedian after this is all over with….
That joke was priceless ?
At the cost of "my " privacy?? It's your kids privacy too! One day they'll get made fun of, and be so embarrassed about what You did on reality TV.
Kaiser and Ensley's Escape Plan says:
I was thinking the same about the "my" privacy thing. She had and made the choice to be on TV, her children didn't! But now Kail's the hero in all this? Girl, bye
First off, Kail has a pretty decent ghost writer. I believe some of the sentiments in this article, but there's no way that she's this self aware because if she was she wouldn't continue to act like a social media thug, pretending to want to physically fight, calling names and cursing at folks with empty threats online, on camera and on her bootleg podcast. Second, she is lying to herself is she actually thinks she is "very wealthy". She's got money in the bank at this moment; however, once a person has built a public persona that shows them as crude, violent, mentally unstable and generally unlikable, that is a hard reputation to shake. Yes she has a bachelor's, but it's in a fickle field and five minutes after the TM franchise is off the air, no one will care about her random, boring podcasts (let's face it, anyone who actually listens to this mess wants to hear behind the scenes crap-talking amongst the TM cast, no one listens for her or the Chrisley gal's parenting advice) and she'll be chasing sewer-level reality shows and any other ego-driven opportunity to get her face on tv just like countless others before her (a certain non bio-degradable, over-inflated human dumpster fire with word perception problems and an affinity for having her backdoor stuffed on camera comes to mind).
"Bootleg podcast" is the best description I've seen for that drivel those two put out. What in the world made those two think anyone wants to listen to them for advice on parenting or something? I wouldn't call Kailyn a role model, I'd call her a twat.
Bootleg, lame, monotone AF is a great way to describe it
I listened to a part of the podcast on two occasions (on this site): once when Leah was on and the other was right after Jenelle tried to enact some vigilante justice on dude who dared cut her off. I figured The Ashley was just posting clips of the relevant TM material, so I was surprised when I heard what the podcasts were actually about. It was literally just Kail and Ms. Chrisley (Lindsey?) talking about dropping off their kids at school, how little Timmy(?) likes his new teacher, what kind of sandwich they'd pack in their lunches kind of bs. Now if Kail lives under the illusion she'd have a single listener at all if she weren't on TM she is off the rails. You could literally go to the Food City parking lot, pluck any young mother out of her mini van, stick a microphone in front of her and the conversation would be just as riveting.
You just can't have your cake and eat it too. Also, Kail and all the other teen moms sold their kids privacy as well. Practically the Truman show at this point.
Klizzlelee says:
Crazy how all these moms "hate" or have some issue with their MTV fame. Yet they're riding this money train as far as it'll take them. Your parents don't have to struggle for you to learn how to work hard. Her views are so skewed. We get it you have lots of money and life is "so hard" for you. When will these garbage shows get cancelled. 90% of the cast is unlikable and unrelatable.
Havin a la di da time says:
She could quit the show and get a real job if she wants to set an example and have privacy…
Crazy idea, I know

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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AVIUK
Auroville International United Kingdom
Introduction to Auroville
Auroville International
Auroville Youth Education, Research and Training
Restoration of Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest
Aikiyam School
Buddha Garden Community Farm
Covid 19 Financial Crisis Appeal
Village Action Covid 19 Appeal
Acres for Auroville
Matrimandir Appeal
Buddha Garden Volunteer and Student Program
You are here: Home » News » Report of the Auroville International Meeting 2020 in Auroville
Report of the Auroville International Meeting 2020 in Auroville
AVI Argentina – Anandi E. Fernandez
AVI Australia – Kavithanjali Ramachandran, Kathy Christoffelsz
AVI Belgium – Jean-François Pinet, Bernard Vanden Driessche
AVI Canada – Andrée & Christian Feuillette
AVI Croatia – Irena Ateljevic
AVI Denmark – Max Sohrbeck
AVI France – Francine Finck, Evelyne Guinouard
AVI Germany – Friederike Mühlhans, Franziska Vömel
AVI Hongkong – Peter Lloyd
AVI Hungary – Andrea Kovács
AVI Ireland – Jürgen Faulstich
AVI Netherlands – Marianne Hilarius, Jannet Klingenberg, Josee Lamers, Roos van ,Triet, Johan van den Bor
AVI Russia – Sergei Kornienko, Oksana Kroxmal (Ukraine)
AVI Spain – Alfonso Galiana, Francine Schneider
AVI UK – John Mulrey
AVI USA – Mary & Jack Alexander, Maggie Greer, Fanou & Bryan Walton
Auroville – Vani Poirier, Martin Littlewood
Minutes: Friederike and Vani
Presentations of Auroville working groups, projects and initiatives (February 13 and 14)
Update on International Zone and European House development (February 15)
Meeting of the old AVI Board (February 17 and 18)
General Assembly and voting (February 19)
Meeting of the new AVI Board (February 20)
1. Presentations of Auroville working groups, projects and initiatives
During the first two days of the meeting the following groups gave a presentation/update on their work, which was very much appreciated by the participants:
Entry Service
Water Group
Aura platform for a Circular Basic Income
Auroville Institute of Applied Technologies (AIAT)
Auroville Learning Exchange program
Child Protection and Safeguarding in Auroville
Craft Mela
Geomatics at CSR
La Navette
MeDi Clown Academy
Mohanam Cultural Center
Suryamayi presenting her PhD thesis and the new research platform
SVARAM
WasteLess
Youth Link
2. Update on International Zone (IZ) and European area development
A full day was reserved for IZ topics. The morning session began with a short presentation of the International Space in Bharat Nivas and its new office room. Then plans to organize guided tours for visitors through the IZ were presented, which would offer a good chance to make more people aware about the importance of IZ development and also to present what is already there and what is planned with regard to pavilion development.
Then the Auroville senior architect Helmut presented a development proposal for the European area and its aim "to provide an anchoring framework for development as flexible as possible…while maintaining a certain order and harmony." Its central idea is to consider "specific features of European urbanity" – the Agora, Forum, Piazza or marketplace – and create a similar central space around which further development can happen in a harmonious way.
The realization of these plans may take some time but landscaping activities to beautify the area around the already existing European House (EH) are happening since its inauguration two years ago, thanks to Michael Roberts from Scotland, who has come again for several months to volunteer at the EH. He presented his very much appreciated ideas and plans for further landscaping of the area.
After the tea-break we received updates on the development of the African pavilion, the Brotherhood pavilion, the French pavilion and the plans to create a common space for the Americas.
In the afternoon the EH group gave a presentation about the last developments. The EH and its open platform is now being used for meetings and exhibitions, one of the buildings is used as an office space (a good fiber optic internet connection is there) and generates a little income from that. The other module is temporarily used for lodging by Michael Roberts, the landscaper. The originally planned third module of the EH is nicely substituted at this stage by the colourful Hungarian caravan. It is discussed whether this third module could rather be a small amphitheater than a building.
Next topic was the presently unclear situation with the International House (IH) and Martin had just started to give a little historical background to the situation, when our discussion was interrupted by Manu, one of the caretakers of the IH. Unfortunately no exchange and discussion with him was possible and it became obvious that a mediation/clearing process is urgently needed there.
3. Meetings of the old AVI Board
We had reserved the first day of our Board meeting for an introspection and reflection on our past two years of collaboration, which had their challenges. Then we concentrated on defining "Values, vision and aspirations" for our future AVI work:
Serving the Mother, being guided and inspired by Her
Serving Human Unity
Supporting universal values
Manifesting love, friendship and brother-/sisterhood
Manifesting integrity, generosity, respect for differences
Respect deep listening and sharing
Joyfully accepting impermanence, fluidity and flexibility
Accepting to be on an evolutionary path
During the second day we concentrated on bringing these values down to practical steps and proposals for the new Board. They focused on the following topics:
We discussed again the question of how to broaden the base for our AVI work and how to strengthen the communication between the Board and the Liaisons. We want to find out what kind of support the Liaisons are expecting from the Board. This is what AVI can offer to them:
AVI offers a platform/window to present Auroville in their countries
The Liaisons can be found on the AVI Website
A page in their own language can be linked with the Website
Liaisons can join AVI events, contact other AVI members in the area, use the network, meet like-minded people and learn more about Auroville
We very much appreciate that many of our recently joined Liaisons are younger people but we have to keep in mind that some of them have young families and are busy earning their living, so we cannot expect too much from them.
Mary, supported by Martin, will have a look at our Liaison guidelines with the questions to be answered and see whether they need a rewording to make them more inviting. A team of Vani, Jürgen and Alfonso (for Spanish speaking countries) are responsible for the lively contact with the Liaisons. Telephone calls proved to be a much better means of communication than mail or email.
We decided to remove the Liaison Bulgaria from the list since Lyubomir is no longer active as the Liaison and has expressed his wish to leave. Josee and Friederike will write a letter of thanks to him.
For the Liaisons Italy and Israel we are looking for support or transition to a new person. Alfonso will follow up with Sauro and Vani with Yuval.
AVI Statutes
At our meeting in Ethnomir the question was raised whether we need to change our statutes. Advised by Martin, who has been involved in the previous two statutes updates, it was agreed that the existing ones offer enough possibility to be flexible and expand our work in a way we aspire to. The statutes say, for example, that the General Assembly decides on the venue of the next meeting, and also elects the Chairperson and Secretary but it has not been generally practiced like that, both decisions were regularly taken by the Board. We will ask the General Assembly to give the mandate to the Board for these decisions.
Structure of representation on the Board
We would like to have more people joining the Board from outside Europe and USA. One way could be to co-opt Liaison people from other countries to the Board in future. This could bring in different cultural perspectives. It has to be taken into account, however, that it is the task of each Board member to work for all countries, not only to represent their own country or continent.
Financial Support for Auroville
Grants from the Government of India are on the decline, therefore it is becoming more and more important that AVI makes efforts to fundraise for Auroville and support income generating projects. Young people wanting to join Auroville should be made aware of the necessity to engage in income generating projects, not only in service oriented ones.
The fundraising calls sent out during the Auroville presentations have to be communicated to the Centers so that they can propagate them in their newsletters, websites, mailing lists.
Starting crowdfunding campaigns could also be an option, as well as to support the sales of Auroville products in our countries.
We decided to stick to the pattern of having our biennial meetings in Auroville and hold the General Assembly with elections then. The next one will be in Auroville in 2022. It was proposed to have the meeting in August because of Sri Aurobindo's 150th anniversary celebrations.
Every other year we will see if there is an invitation by an AVI Center or Liaison. If there is none we will hold a smaller meeting in Auroville (without General Assembly, Auroville presentations etc.) since many AVI people go there each year anyway.
For 2023 Kavithanjali, member of our Liaison Australia, offered to organize a meeting in Perth, which we welcomed a lot. For 2021 we have no invitation yet, perhaps a smaller meeting could be organized in Europe. Vani will feel out with Gunnur/Turkey and Friederike with Bogi/Hungary.
Despite our common concern to reduce our carbon footprint we consider it extremely important to have physical meetings. Our recent meetings in Spain and Moscow, which for instance helped to establish closer contacts with the respective Sri Aurobindo Centers, thereby broadening the base of AVI work, were proof of this importance.
Contributions to our common AVI account
We agreed to maintain our present practice that the AVI Centers pay an annual contribution of € 600 if they are able to, if not they give as much as they can by their own free estimation. The AVI Liaisons pay an annual fee of € 30.
To cover the costs for our AVI representative (travel costs, office expenses etc.) is a major part of our expenses. It was agreed that costs for "business" lunches of our AVI representative, for instance during the planning phase of the meetings in Auroville, can be taken from the AVI account.
Focus of AVI involvement
We agreed to propose to the new Board the following focus of AVI involvement (in brackets the names of those who volunteered to follow up):
Participation in International Zone visioning and planning and in Pavilion development (Evelyne, Martin, Vani, Friederike)
Participation in the development of the "Universe-City" idea (Josee, Friederike)
Strengthening of relations with Liaisons (Vani, Jürgen, Alfonso)
Support of AVI groups and initiatives – follow-up on presentations by AVI groups (Friederike)
Media: Regular website updating, AVI brochure, AVI leaflet, linking with Auroville Outreach (Mary, Vani, Alfonso, Paul)
Volunteer programs (Friederike)
4. General Assembly (GA) and voting
The Chairperson Josee welcomed the participants and expressed her good wishes for a fruitful meeting. The Secretary Friederike gave a report on the Board discussions of the previous two days (see above). She then explained the voting procedure and also a proposal from the Board: we had 11 nominations for 11 seats on the Board (Vani as the Auroville representative and 12th member on the Board is not part of the voting process). The Board gratefully saw this as a good sign for Mother's guidance and agreed to suggest to the GA that the 11 nominees are elected as a group and not by single vote. All members present at the GA with voting rights agreed to this. Vani added that on the voting sheets she received from Liaisons which could not be represented at the GA (Brazil, Luxemburg, Mexiko, Switzerland, Uganda, plus Board members with voting rights Camille, Isa, Mandakini and Sonny) only two did not tick off all 11 nominees on the sheet. So the composition of the new Board is as follows:
Vani Poirier (Auroville)
Jean-François Pinet (AVI Belgium)
Christian Feuillette (AVI Canada)
Evelyne Guinouard (AVI France)
Friederike Mühlhans (AVI Germany)
Isa Wagner (AVI Germany)
Jürgen Faulstich (AVI Ireland)
Josee Lamers (AVI Netherlands)
Francine Schneider (AVI Spain)
John Mulrey (AVI UK)
Mary Alexander (AVI USA)
Maggie Greer (AVI USA)
The GA agreed to appoint Bryan Walton( AVI USA) as our new honorary Board member. Bryan will be there to assist us whenever needed with his longstanding experience in Auroville and AVI.
The GA also agreed to give the mandate to the newly elected Board to choose the next AVI Chairperson and Secretary and also to decide on the next meeting venue.
We then heard the activities reports of the Centers and Liaisons represented at the GA. It was very encouraging to see the wide range of activities of the different AVI groups, each having their own focus and character. Two members of the "auroville.com" team were present and expressed their amazement about all the different fields of AVI activities. They offered to collaborate with us since they have a vast address database of people who want to stay in contact with Auroville. Friederike and Jack offered to follow up with them.
After the lunch break our treasurer Sonny was connected via Skype and gave the financial report. We thanked her for the meticulous preparation of the report and her efforts in managing our accounts so well.
Then Friederike presented on behalf of the A4A team the most recent update on the fundraising campaign for land which is now already in its 6th year. Approximately 2800 donations were received from which 52 new plots could be bought, equaling 59 acres of the Master Plan area. A big bravo was expressed for the untiringly active A4A team!
The following open exchange between the representatives of the Centers and Liaisons mainly focused on the question of how the smaller Liaisons could be supported. Kavithanjali shared that AVI Australia would welcome support in the process of registering as a Center in order to be eligible for tax-exempt status and also to possibly register for youth and students exchange programs. Jean-François shared that AVI Belgium is considering the same. The Board members offered their support to both of them. AVI Netherlands has offered support to AVI Belgium, with regard to the use of their newsletter, workshops and tax-exemption possibilities. Proper research is needed in the respective countries since rules can differ considerably.
A second topic of discussion was how to reach out to younger people who are used to gathering information and being in touch via Facebook and similar platforms. Those AVI Centers which already have a Facebook page are encouraged to share their experience.
5. Meeting of the new AVI Board
The new Board started its first meeting by concentrating and sharing on the question "Which qualities do we want to bring to the Board?" (see further down). This was followed by a little exercise – each new Board member paired up with one or two old Board members in order to get "burning" questions answered about tasks and functions of the Board.
After lunch three members of the Working Committee, Chali, Carel and Sauro, joined to update us and answer to our questions. The following topics were discussed:
International Advisory Council (IAC): The Governing Board (GB) has been requested several times, also from us, to call for the appointment of a new IAC. We will see how we can support this call also in future.
We mentioned the idea to create an Advisory Council for AVI. It was questioned why people of a higher profile would want to join such a council. They would request to have travel and other expenses covered, which AVI could not meet.
L'Avenir/TDC: A new interim team will start its work in a few days with the specific task to ensure communication between the different technical TDC teams. It has been appointed by WC and Auroville Council, not by a selection process. Asked how a new team will be able to do its work successfully when there is still no agreement in the community about the overall direction of town development it was explained that it is possible to work along the lines of the present Development Plan. David Stein, a town-planner from New York who has already advised Auroville on regional planning in earlier years, is now back in Auroville, supported by AVI USA, to further work with TDC on a regional plan.
Government of India (GOI) grants for TDC are on hold, so new funding sources have to be found. AVI may be approached for specific projects.
Asked how else AVI could support TDC, the WC members asked us to bring experts into contact with Auroville. We mentioned AVI's substantial support for the 2019 "Way Forward" workshop with international experts, which showed that experts' advice is not always welcome.
Housing and economic crisis: While GOI has given substantial grants for housing in the past, especially for youth, no grants are given any longer. Presently there are no new housing projects which could meet the urgent needs, 253 people are on the waiting list. It would be very much appreciated if we could develop ideas for fundraising, especially for youth accommodation. But it is equally important to create work opportunities and income generating enterprises for young people, it would be good to attract more people with an entrepreneurial spirit. AVI could help by sending out this message and by bringing Auroville into contact with social enterprises, new economic experiments, interesting start-ups and such. It should be mentioned, however, that the GOI grants are only a small portion of Auroville's annual budget. The biggest income is from the Auroville enterprises.
NTDA (New Town Development Authority): At present the authorities of Tamil Nadu do not pursue anymore the NTDA option, they plan to constitute a District Planning Authority that can incorporate the plan for Auroville and the bioregion. This is a long process, meanwhile there is not much legal protection. Land purchase is still the best protection, especially to complete the city area and critical areas in the green belt.
Vikram Ram files: Auroville has created its own task force to go into all the allegations of Vikram Ram and presented the first outcome of its investigations to the Governing Board, which was quite impressed by the quality of the work. This investigation report was also sent to the GOI. The GB nevertheless recommends an official criminal investigation.
We thanked the WC members for their visit and promised to keep on supporting Auroville in all its major challenges.
We then concentrated on the point "Focus of AVI involvement" as suggested by the previous Board. The basic structure was accepted, one group added and the new Board members joined the groups as follows:
Participation in International Zone visioning and planning and in Pavilion development (Evelyne, Martin, Vani, Friederike [later also Isa joined])
Participation in the development of the "Universe-City" idea (Josee, Friederike, Mary, Maggie, Evelyne)
Support of different AVI groups and initiatives – follow-up on presentations by AVI groups (Friederike, Christian)
Media: Regular website updating, AVI brochure, AVI leaflet, linking with Auroville Outreach (Mary, Vani, Alfonso, Evelyne, Maggie)
Volunteer programs (Friederike, Christian, Francine [later also Isa joined])
Mobility in Auroville (Christian, Jean-François)
Our final point on the agenda was the nomination of chairperson, secretary and treasurer. Martin opened the discussion by recommending, from his experience, to give more room in group discussions to the quality of silence. He then described the role of chairperson as someone who rather facilitates than steers discussions and group processes and also enables and fosters individual initiatives.
Thus encouraged the Board decided unanimously to support the following nominations:
Christian Feuillette, Chairman
Friederike Mühlhans, Secretary
John Mulrey, Treasurer
Mandakini Lucien-Brun, co-opted for A4A activities
Alfonso Galiana, co-opted for the contact with Spanish speaking Liaisons
There was also a proposal to co-opt our new Liaison person for Uruguay, Rafael Duran. This was seen as a little premature since he joined AVI only two weeks ago. But it is an interesting option to be discussed again at the next Board meeting.
We closed our meeting with a minute of silence, full of gratitude for the inner and outer guidance we encountered during the meeting. We had expressed before our special thanks to Vani for preparing and organizing the meeting so well and to Martin for his great support in our collective process.
A few days after the meeting the following was agreed by email communication:
Mary Alexander will serve on the Board as Vice-Chairperson
Christian summed up our sharing on the question "Which qualities do we want to bring to the Board?" like this:
Our aim is Human Unity.
The foundation of our Teamwork is Sincerity and Integrity,
Integrity in Serving.
Let's keep always aware that we are acting for the Mother,
for Mother's Dream to be realized on earth.
For this we should keep our Trust in the Divine,
remain open to the Presence
and seek the Guidance from the Mother,
in all her four Powers or aspects:
Concentration, Focus (MAHESHWARI)
Expression of our Intention (MAHAKALI)
Mother's Energy and Clarity in the details (MAHASARASVATI)
Respect, Good Will and Love (MAHALAKSMI)
Divine Mother's Love, carrying its deep unalterable sense of Unity.
Download the Original Report: Report of the Auroville International Meeting 2020 in Auroville
Download a French translation: Rapport de la rencontre Auroville International 2020 à Auroville
Covid 19 Financial Appeal
The COVID 19 crisis will have a big impact on Auroville's financial situation in general and the City Services budget in particular... Read more
In India, the COVID-19 pandemic and the unprecedented national lockdown has severely affected basic livelihood security of a large number of people engaged in the informal sector... Read more
Latest AVI UK Newsletter
Download the Newsletter latest issue, No 46, Sep 2019 or visit the Newsletter Page for back issues.
Download Issue No 46
Acres for Auroville Land Campaign – August 2020
Acres for Auroville Newsletter – August 2020
Acres for Auroville Land Campaign – April 2020
Acres for Auroville Newsletter – April 2020
auroville-international.org
auroville.com
auroville.org
AVI Canada
AVI Germany
AVI Netherlands
AVI Russia
AVI USA
AVIUK would like to thank the Auroville website for material it has used from www.auroville.org
Auroville international UK
Angiras Auro
65 Trinity Road
Stotfold, SG5 4EQ
info@aviuk.org


March weather is a little colder this year. Not a problem we have our Winter Clearance Sale going on. With everything in Stock is on sale. We have several ventfree and vented gas logs burning live in our showroom.
Love to have you visit our showroom, any of our sales consultants will be happy to answer your questions.
Easter or any occasion our Big Green Eggs make grilling, Smokin or Cookin mighty fine. We have so many customers that start out with the medium Egg and love it so Much, they come back for the Large or Extra Large Egg.
From our Family to yours . We wish you a Blessed Easter with your Family and Friends.
Smokin our Ham on The Big Green Egg!
Don't Forget We are the Home of Free Assembly & Free Local Delivery!
The Hearth and Grill Shop & The Sullivan Family have been Serving Nashville and Surrounding Cities Since 1974.
We are Celebrating our 45th Anniversary during 2019. Watch for Special's throughout the year.
During the month of April we will be celebrating our 45th Anniversary with a special on All "In Stock BroilMaster Grills" at 45% off m.s.r.p.
We having been serving Nashville and surrounding counties since 1974. We specialize in Natural Gas and Propane products. With Free Assembly and Free Local Delivery on all propane and charcoal grills. We provide full service for all our products. With our own fleet of Service Technicians and Installation crews for every product we sell.
We are know as Your Grill and Fireplace Superstore, since we stock some of the finest quality Grills, Outdoor Kitchens, Fireplaces and Gas logs. Our showroom has over 40 sets of Logs Burning Live everyday. This way you can see for yourself what your new fireplace will look like in your home.
Plan a visit during the month of April to take advantage of this amazing sale on All our BroilMaster Grills. Any of our Sales consultants will be happy to answer any of your questions. Shop early for the best selections.
Free Assembly and Free Local Delivery on All Propane Grills!
April of 1974 we opened our doors. Wow where have 45 years gone. We are still growing every year, adding new products that complement our Fireplaces, Grills and accessories.
We are still family owned by The Sullivan Family. With our third generation being more involved everyday.
During the month of April, we have chosen one grill company to spot light. We will offer all Broilmaster Grills that are In Stock at 45% off. This will apply to propane, natural gas and charcoal grills. We offer Free Assembly and Free Local Delivery on all Propane and Charcoal grills.
We also offer installation on natural gas at an additional cost.
Thank You for allowing us to serve you and your family these past 45 years.
The Sullivan Family . Ricky, Carol & Stephen.
Always Free Assembly & Free Local Delivery on all Propane models!
Changing Times & Changing Gardens is the theme for 2019. Some of the topics will be changing trends and realities of modern cityscapes, suburban and rural gardens, community initiatives, container and water wise gardens and so much more.
Spring is just around the corner. What better way to Welcome Spring Time. Then attending the 30th Anniversary of The Nashville Lawn and Garden Show. It is always so much fun to see all the beautiful live garden displays, attend lectures, view all the floral designs and water features.
Love to have you visit our booths 28 & 29 located in The Creative Arts Building.
Make sure to check out our show specials. From Grills to Outdoor Fire designs.
The Hearth and Grill Shop serving Nashville Since 1974. Join us as we celebrate our 45th Anniversary.
February is the month for Love. If you are planning a wedding or just met your special someone. The Big Green Egg is something every couple puts on their wedding registry.
We are a Platinum Dealer for The Big Green Egg, love to have you visit our Showroom.
Any of our Sales staff will be happy to answer your questions.
We are the Home of FREE Assembly & FREE Local Delivery.
Eggs getting ready for their new home.
In the month of February we always have our Winter Clearance Sale. This is the only time during the year, that Every Item In Stock is on sale. Plus, we have some one of a kind items, close outs and discontinued merchandise.
We opened our doors in 1974. This year we are celebrating our 45th Anniversary. We are family owned and operated by The Sullivan Family. And we Thank You for allowing us to provide you with all your Grill and Fireplace needs.
We hope you and your family had a wonderful New Years. Hard to believe 2018 has come and gone. This year The Hearth and Grill Shop will be celebrating our 45th anniversary. We opened our doors in 1974, seems like yesterday. So many new products in the gas industry are being created to give home owners, better ways to heat their homes.
We are currently updating our showroom as well. Once we get everything completed I will share some of these beautiful new fireplaces and products with you.
This is our cold weather season which means you still can use the Big Green Egg for some delicious dinners. The best thing about the Egg is you just fire it up, place your food and come back in a few hours to some wonderful BBQ, Ribs or anything that your taste buds desire.


Fans of the !7 Hippies know Lüül (alias Lutz) as the brilliant banjo player in that band. What they may not know is he is also in the German Krautrock band, Agitation Free, who come to England to play at the Moho Club in Manchester on the 9th November at 8.30pm and at the Jazz Cafe in London at 8.00p.m. on the 10th November.
Please spread the news and come!
See more details on the blog of Christian Wheeldon who is about to publish a Manuel Göttsching book.


Legislative Assembly for the ACT: 1997 Week 11 Hansard (6 November) . . Page.. 3699..
The committee's report was circulated on 22 October by the authority of the Speaker in accordance with the resolution of the Assembly. The audit assessed the extent to which the recommendations of the 1994 housing review were accepted and implemented and, if implemented, whether they had achieved expected outcomes. The audit also reviewed the methods used to manage and monitor implementation of review recommendations. The audit found that the review recommendations were accepted by ACT Housing but that implementation had been mixed, there had been little or no progress in some areas and, given the importance of the review and its cost - more than $200,000 - greater progress should have been achieved. Following approaches to the Minister, the committee was advised that the Government had initiated a further review of housing in 1996-97 in the context of changes to the delivery of housing assistance. This review covered issues such as purchaser-provider arrangements between the Department of Urban Services and ACT Housing, with public housing services divided into separate property and tenancy businesses, contracting with community organisations for special needs housing, and the future of loans functions.
The committee's report comments on the later review findings in some detail and notes that delays have at least allowed remedial work to be undertaken within ACT Housing to address shortcomings identified in implementing key strategies of the 1994 review. The Government has yet to indicate the outcomes achieved from the 1994 review or its response to the 1996-97 review. Accordingly, the committee has recommended that the Government inform the Assembly by 9 December 1997 on the 1994 review outcomes and the reasons for non-implementation of recommendations by the 1994 review and the 1996-97 review, and has further recommended that the Assembly be informed on several subsidiary matters, including the outcome of the Commonwealth-State Housing Agreement negotiations, the implications for the ACT's future housing assistance responsibilities, and ACT Housing guidelines for strategic and business planning frameworks.
Mr Speaker, the committee's handling of this matter has been greatly impeded by the extensive delays by the Minister in responding to the Auditor's report while he conducted the further review. The committee is disappointed that we have not as yet had any report in relation to outcomes of the 1994 review, or even whether the Government plans to adopt and implement the recommendations of the 1996-97 review, which is the reason for that recommendation. I commend the report to the Assembly and look forward to the Government's response.
Debate (on motion by Mr Stefaniak) adjourned.


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35 out of 42 visitors find this information valuable.
The Tong Tong Fair (formerly Pasar Malam Besar) in The Hague is the world's biggest Eurasian festival. The event is nearly half a century old. Being a cultural festival, tradeshow and food fest all at the same time, it certainly stimulates the senses. The Tong Tong Fair is held in a group of large tents.
The Tong Tong Fair consists of the Grand Pasar (market), the East-West Fair and the Food Court, Holland's biggest single group of Asian food stalls. With its broad range of cultural activities, the Tong Tong Festival spans five theatres in The Hague. You can experience a live cooking demonstration at the Cooking Theatre, explore a photo exhibition at the Cultural Pavilion, or enjoy typically Asian snacks at one of the many waroengs.
There are also many workshops to attend, ranging from martial arts to making a kite. In all the fair encompasses nearly two hundred lectures, workshops, movie shows, interviews and cooking demonstrations, as well as more than 250 music, dance and wayang (puppet) performances.
All events are held in big tents with timber flooring. The walkways between the tents are also covered and have timber flooring. Between the tents you will find a field, the aloen-aloen. It goes without saying that when the weather is good, the field is used to maximum effect. Food stalls open terraces on the aloen-aloen and there is often a band playing. When the weather is less pleasant, spaces like the theatre and the lounge (where people tend to spend more time) in the entrance tent are heated.


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I've been meaning for a while to add a 'year in review' post with photos from my hikes and cycles during 2016.
As well as trips within Ireland, these include excursions in mainland Europe, Asia and the US during my voluntary redundancy-funded travels earlier this year. Many of these were short, urban trips or hikes/cycles at tourist attractions.
I hope you enjoy these images and the impressions that go with them. If nothing else it's given me an opportunity to go through some photos for the first time since I returned home.
I visited the pretty seaside town of North Berwick on a day trip from Edinburgh in January. From here we walked the three miles to the 14th century ruins of Tantallon Castle, which overlooks the distinctive Bass Rock. It was a great walk not just because of the views but because it was with old friends I hadn't seen in several years.
Gdansk was the first stop on my travels. I headed out of the city a bit to see Westerplatte, the site where events in September 1939 led to the outbreak of World War Two. This was when the German navy attacked the Polish garrison in what was then the Free City of Danzig. The Baltic Sea was grey and uninspiring but there's an interesting walk linking lots of interpretation panels and sites of interest including a lookout tower, barrack ruins and a huge Soviet style memorial to the Polish defenders.
I have to include Wrocław seeing as I quickly fell in love with this gorgeous, lively and confusingly pronounced city (try vrots-waff). I did an excellent walking tour here where I met some friendly fellow tourists and saw the city's main sights including its huge Rynek (main square), Cathedral Island and the countless themed bronze dwarves which are synonymous with Wrocław. I found the city's history fascinating: until 1945 it was the German city of Breslau and was resettled with Poles deported from Lviv in present day Ukraine.
I had a friend from home join me in Bratislava for a few days and we packed a lot in, including a day trip to nearby Vienna. One afternoon we walked part of the cycle and walking path that follows the Danube River through a number of European countries. We walked the few short miles to the Austrian border and enjoyed the views of Bratislava Castle, St. Martin's Cathedral and the city's unusual UFO Tower situated on a bridge over the river.
Because my European travels were mostly solo and via public transport, I didn't get to experience any hikes in the countryside. I did take the opportunity to walk up this conveniently located hill in the centre of Salzburg though. The looped and at times steep route passed a monastery and a hilltop fort (now a restaurant) and gave excellent views of the city's famous castle and surrounding Alpine countryside.
'Hikes' in my whistlestop tour of the Balkans mainly consisted of walking up to viewpoints overlooking capital cities. These included the Yellow Bastion, an old fortification above central Sarajevo. It's a short but steep walk and gives a stunning view over a city with a tragic still-recent history: the numerous graveyards dotted around the hillsides attest to this. I was up there on Bosnia's Independence Day on 1st March and crowds of people had gathered at the large graveyard just below the viewpoint. The city's somewhat neglected Jewish graveyard gave another great view.
Belgrade and Serbia were an extremely quick stop: I arrived on an overnight bus and left on an overnight train that evening. What I saw of the city wasn't overly pretty but I enjoyed the huge Serbian Orthodox Temple of Saint Sava and walking up to the elevated Kalemegdan public park. The latter is the site of Belgrade's ancient citadel and overlooks the confluence of the Danube and Sava Rivers.
Macedonia at least got an overnight stay. One of the first things I spotted in its architecturally-bizarre capital Skopje was the huge Millennium Cross overlooking the city. Wanting to do at least one memorable thing in the country, I hiked the steep trails part way up Vodno Mountain (in inappropriate clothing for the increasingly hot temperatures) and then took the cable car to the 1,066m summit and cross. The views were incredible, over the city below and towards giant snow-topped mountains in the distance.
The ancient Rose-Red City was certainly a highlight of my travels, visited on a day trip from Amman. Seeing all of the main sights in four-or-so hours also made it more of a dash than a leisurely stroll – tiring in the exposed heat – but thankfully it's a largely linear route. Highlights for me included the 1.2km long, narrow gorge known as The Siq leading into Petra, the Royal Tombs, and finally reaching the elevated Monastery at the end of the trail.
Part 2 of my Year of Review is now up, with more 2016 highlights from Asia, the US and back in Ireland.
Excellent stuff Martin – you didn't waste your time this year! Love the photos and the account of your travels, and can't wait for part 2.
Cheers Aidy, yeah I got an opportunity and took it, best thing I ever did! It's nice doing these round-ups as you get to see photos you forgot about.
Thanks Canice, yeah it was crazy looking back but best experience I've ever had. Yes you'll recognise a few sights in Part 2.


Cranstons are holding a six week festival celebrating the Cumberland Sausage. The festival runs from Sunday 19th February to Saturday 31st March and will feature cookery demonstrations, free recipe cards, special offers, competitions, and free 'tasters' that will give customers a chance to try more exotic varieties of sausage alongside Cranstons famous traditional Cumberland Sausage. In addition, local chef John Crouch will present a sausage cookery master class at the Cumbrian Food Hall, Penrith, from 11am- 3pm on Saturday 24th of March.
Two customer competitions will run. A 'Kids competition' will ask children under the age of 12 will come up with their own recipe using Cumberland Sausage. The winning children's recipe will be printed and distributed in all Cranstons shops for customers to enjoy at Easter. Customers will also have the chance to win a 'Speciality Grill Pan' in every shop by entering a Prize Draw, courtesy of Sands Cookshop, Penrith. Customers can enter the competitions by picking up a flyer instore.
Coiled Cumberland Sausage has been a local speciality in Cumbria for around five hundred years, and is made of seasoned, coarsely minced pork. Its origin is often attributed to German miners who came to Cumbria during Elizabeth 1's reign, with the influx of spices into Whitehaven during the 18th century also influencing its recipe. Cranstons own famous Cumberland Sausage recipe was first produced in Kirkoswald almost a century ago, and has remained a closely-guarded secret ever since.
In March 2011 the sausage gained Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) status, protecting its quality and heritage. The sausage must now be produced, processed and prepared in Cumbria and have a meat content of at least 80%, include seasoning, and be sold in a coil. In gaining the protective mark, Cumberland Sausage joins products such as Champagne, Parma ham and Greek feta cheese.
To get involved in the Cumberland Sausage Festival, drop into Cranstons Cumbrian Food Hall on Ullswater Road, Penrith, or their four traditional butcher's shops in Carlisle., Penrith, Hexham, and Brampton.


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13 Great STAN LEE Marvel Character Names
Home » COMICS HISTORY » 13 Great STAN LEE Marvel Character Names
Posted By Dan Greenfield on Dec 28, 2022 | 4 comments
A BIRTHDAY CELEBRATION: Stan the Man was born 100 years ago on Dec. 28, 1922…
By JIM BEARD
(If that's not a cliched way to start an article about names, I don't know what is.)
As a fiction writer, the naming of characters is very near and dear to me. I like to put some thought into the event, choosing names that mean something more than just how the characters introduce themselves to each other. I like to come up with memorable names that resonate beyond a superficial label to distinguish "Joe" from "Bob."
In this I take some inspiration from the late, great Stan Lee. Names aren't something Stan is often recognized for, but he definitely created more than a few that resoundingly resonate and impart a deeper meaning. I like to think names were as important to him as a writer as they are to me.
Today, I'm honored to present a list of 13 Stan Lee Marvel character names on the Man's 100th birthday.
So, by Doom, the Destroyer, and the Dread Dormammu, let's get started…
(NOTE: I'm well aware of the ad nauseum debates over attribution of creation when it comes to Stan but suffice to say these are all names he's at the very least the co-creator of, and besides, there are much better venues for such arguments than here. This is, after all, a birthday celebration for one of the most important figures in the history of comic books. Excelsior!)
The Storm Siblings. When you're searching for a name for a hot-headed teenager with a zest for action and a penchant for destruction, "Johnny Storm" is just about the most perfect moniker ever. Add to that the punchy alliteration of "Sue Storm" and you have one of the best brother-sister adventure duos in comics.
Jack Kirby and George Klein
Ben Grimm. The Thing's my most favorite Marvel character, and part of that stems from his name. It says "stony" as much as it says, well, "grim," and borrowing the surname of a famous set of fable-telling brothers don't hurt none, either. You might say it's a clobberin' name…
Kirby and Chic Stone
Skrulls. Short, sweet, and memorable, kind of like the alien race themselves. Plus, it sounds like "skull" and brings along all the baggage associated with that word.
Kirby and Klein
Ronan the Accuser. Stan always had a knack for adding a title to a name for a double-header of a game. This is one of the very best of those in my estimation. You get out of this guy's way by only hearing his name.
Kirby and Joe Sinnott
Peter Parker. Stan and his alliteration… but this one is genius. There's something about it that puts across Pete's naivete, but also his inner strength. Pretty amazing when you think about it.
Kirby and Steve Ditko
Gwen Stacy. Much like "Peter Parker," I think Gwen's name says everything about her that's necessary to know. You might not think that two girl's names would indicate strength, but somehow it works. One of the greatest of Stan's.
Ditko
J. Jonah Jameson. Stan's civilian names might stand head and shoulders above his superhero and villain names. Jolly Jonah's indicates a note of foolishness, a man who wants respect, but will forever be a source of mockery.
Pepper Potts. Sorry, but we're still on the civilian names. This one confused me when I was younger, because I would never have thought of saying freckles were like pepper. Regardless, I just recently discovered a "pepperpot" is a spicy stew. Stan's Pepper certainly went on to spice up Tony Stark's life.
Kirby, Don Heck and poss. Ditko
Black Widow. This one was a revival from the earlier Timely Comics, but I think Stan was pretty shrewd to repurpose it for a Russian femme fatale who, without powers, gave Iron Man a run for his money.
Kirby and Paul Reinman
Unicorn. Kind of brave and bold of Stan to attach the name of a fairy tale creature to a master villain. Must have something to do with the horn…
Kirby and Dick Ayers
Crimson Dynamo. Gonna go out on a limb here and state that this one is the epitome of everything that was fun and funky about the early Marvel Universe. What a great name.
Kirby and Ayers
The Abomination. Pretty sure a Marvel comic was the first place I ever came across the word, and I owe that to Stan, I guess. Such a great name, full of punch and power.
Gil Kane
Dormammu. Need I say more? 'Nuff said, True Believers!
— The TOP 13 MARVEL CHARACTERS Co-Created by LARRY LIEBER. Click here.
— 13 GROOVY THINGS About Jim Starlin's CAPTAIN MARVEL #32. Click here.
JIM BEARD has pounded out adventure fiction since he sold a story to DC Comics in 2002. He's gone on to write official Star Wars and Ghostbusters comics stories and contributed articles and essays to several volumes of comic book history. His prose work includes his own creations, but also licensed properties such as Planet of the Apes, X-Files, Spider-Man, Kolchak the Night Stalker and Captain Action. In addition, Jim provided regular content for Marvel.com, the official Marvel Comics website, for 17 years.
Check out his latest releases: Rising Sun Reruns, about classic Japanese shows on American TV; a Green Hornet novella How Sweet the Sting; his first epic fantasy novel The Nine Nations Book One: The Sliding World; and the most recent Batman '66 books of essays he's edited: Zlonk! Zok! Zowie! The Subterranean Blue Grotto Essays on Batman '66 – Season One, Biff! Bam! Ee-Yow! The Subterranean Blue Grotto Essays on Batman '66 – Season Two and Oooff! Boff! Splatt! The Subterranean Blue Grotto Guide to Batman '66 – Season Three.
He's also published novels about a character very much like G.I. Joe (and Big Jim and Action Jackson): DC Jones – Adventure Command International.
Author: Dan Greenfield
Lou Szabo
Great column Jim. May I suggest a column of oaths and curses. Dr Strange and Thor might have the lead in that race. Lee was a master of alliteration for nearly each hero and villain. He definitely expanded my vocabulary.
Love the idea. Maybe next year!
Jb Lee
Yo, dude —
GALACTUS!!!
Galactus is a great name! Could definitely have made the list.


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Head & Brain Injuries
Head injuries on the job can cause major complications
by Clifford Eley | Apr 2, 2020 | Head & Brain Injuries
Traumatic brain injuries have emerged as a significant health concern in the U.S. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 1.7 million people in the U.S. suffer a TBI each year. Most of these injuries - approximately 75 percent - are...
Serious head injury symptoms after a fall
by Clifford Eley | Oct 3, 2019 | Head & Brain Injuries
You take a serious fall at work. It happens fast. You don't even know for sure what happened. Did you hit your head on the ground? Why did you fall? Did you lose consciousness on impact? If so, how long were you out? You have a lot of questions, and they can hinder...
The rise in head injuries: Are you at risk?
by Clifford Eley | Jul 17, 2019 | Head & Brain Injuries
Head and brain injuries can change your life forever. Many incidents are fatal, of course, as these are some of the most traumatic injuries workers can experience on the job. Even those who pull through, however, may deal with serious life changes, such as...
When a brain injury changes a loved one forever
by Clifford Eley | Mar 19, 2019 | Head & Brain Injuries
Your spouse suffers a head injury in a fall at work. You get the call after they have already arrived at the hospital. Doctors keep them in a medically-induced coma for a few days to let some swelling on the brain go down, and then they wake back up again. Over time,...
Head injury patients avoid radiation by taking a new blood test
by Clifford Eley | Aug 13, 2018 | Head & Brain Injuries
Some injuries are harder to identify than others. When an employee breaks a leg or sprains their ankle, that injury is visible on an x-ray. While no one really wants to go through the hassle of an x-ray, sitting under the machine poses little risk to your health. That...
First responders and work comp in Colorado: the issue of PTSD
by Clifford Eley | Jun 6, 2016 | Head & Brain Injuries
The physical injuries that many first responders suffer are serious and significant. They include such things as a police officer getting shot or a firefighter suffering a fall in a burning building.The mental injuries that these front-line workers may suffer are not...
Government dam engineer dies from fall-related head injuries
by Clifford Eley | Jan 2, 2014 | Head & Brain Injuries
Government construction workers are often vulnerable to serious injuries when they are employed at major public works projects in the state of Colorado. Sadly, other such workers also suffer the same fate; one West Coast man has died after he fell at a construction...
5 ex-Kansas City Chiefs sue football team
by Clifford Eley | Dec 4, 2013 | Head & Brain Injuries
A lawsuit was filed by five professional football players who used to play for the Kansas City Chiefs. The plaintiffs claim the team lied about the risks of head injuries and hid the injuries during 1987 and 1993, when there was no collective bargaining agreement in...
Workers who suffer a brain injury may see personality change
by Clifford Eley | Oct 25, 2013 | Head & Brain Injuries
Often we discuss many of the different ways that a brain injury can impact a worker after an accident. There are the physical implications, that require therapy and check-ups, and there are financial implications from medical expenses. For brain injury victims, these...
Nature's pests to help with brain injury recovery research?
It's no surprise that a head injury can result from a number of different traumatic incidents. Whether while at work at a construction site or trying to retrieve a ream of paper from a top shelf, a worker can get struck on the head and unknowingly have a brain...


Joseph and 4 Sons Solar are very knowledgeable solar experts who designed a system that works for our house. I had about 5 other companies review our bills and location but they were not very credible.
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Installation was quickly thereafter and took 1 day for 11 panels. A day or so later, the City inspected and approved the work in a few minutes with no changes. SDG&E hooked us up one day later. It was a very smooth, professional and cost effective transaction. Now we are looking forward to saving on our electric bill.


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Find the latest news for United Kingdom
Embassies and consular services for United Kingdom
British High Commission
New Zealand High Commission
Our relationship with the UK
New Zealand has an important relationship with the UK based on our shared history, strong people to people links, common values and interests, and ongoing cooperation at all levels of government. There are regular high-level visits between the two countries.
New Zealand and the UK enjoy close connections in a range of areas including extensive- trade, investment, and commercial ties, and in science and technology. The UK remains a significant export destination and source of tourists. We share a distinguished record of active service and defence cooperation around the world. New Zealand and the UK have a close intelligence and security partnership. We are also closely aligned on a number of foreign policy issues and work closely together in multilateral institutions including in the Commonwealth and the UN.
Our governments draw on each other's experiences in domestic policy. We have many agreements that help maintain our close connections, including the reciprocal working holiday scheme, a reciprocal Health Services Agreement, a reciprocal Agreement on Social Security, a Double Taxation Convention, and a liberal open skies agreement.
March 2017 statistics
Total trade in goods
Exports to the UK
Top exports: meat, beverages, fruit
Imports from the UK
Top imports: vehicles, machinery, print material
US$2,945 billion
GDP per capita US$45,653 (NZ GDP per capita is US$43,837)
GDP growth 3.0%
The UK is a very important market for our agricultural, food and beverage exports, as well as high-value manufactured products.
The United Kingdom holds the third largest stock of foreign direct investment in New Zealand, behind Australia and the USA. The United Kingdom is a significant destination for New Zealand foreign direct investment in Europe.
In October 2016, Minister of Trade Todd McClay and his UK counterpart, Liam Fox launched a bilateral Trade Policy Dialogue. The Trade Policy Dialogue is convened at senior officials' level and covers market access and trade policy issues of mutual interest, including WTO processes and current and prospective negotiations. The first meeting took place in March 2017 in London.
Meeting of the UK-NZ Trade Policy Dialogue - April 2018 [PDF 107 KB]
Foreign policy, defence and security
New Zealand and the UK are closely aligned on a range of foreign policy, trade, defence, and security issues. Following the visit of UK Foreign Secretary, William Hague, to New Zealand in January 2013, both countries agreed to hold annual Strategic Dialogue talks for consultations on key foreign and security policy issues.
New Zealand and the UK share important historical links and we take every opportunity to reinforce those bonds. The First World War centenary commemorations 2014-18 are a prime opportunity for strengthening the relationship, and New Zealand has a broad programme of cultural and public events planned to support the commemorations.
Find out more about the WW100 commemorations(external link)
Working Holiday Scheme
New Zealanders aged between 17 and 30 can apply for a 2-year working holiday visa for the United Kingdom.
To apply, you can submit an application online.
For more information, see the UK Government website(external link).
United Kingdom citizens aged between 18 and 30 can apply for a 12 or 23-month Working Holiday Visa.
Read more about a Working Holiday Visa for New Zealand(external link).
To apply, you can submit an application online(external link).
New Zealand is represented in the UK by the New Zealand High Commission, London
The UK is represented in New Zealand by the British High Commission, Wellington(external link)
New Zealand to the UK
March 2017: Minister of Trade Todd McClay visited London to attend the Commonwealth Trade Ministers Meeting
January 2017: Prime Minister Bill English visited London to meet with Prime Minister May
May 2016: Minister of Finance Bill English visited London to meet with the Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne
April 2016: Foreign Minister Murray McCully visited London to meet with Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond
The UK to New Zealand
February 2016: Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Hugo Swire visited for bilateral talks
April 2015: Under Secretary of State, and Lords Spokesman on Defence Lord Astor of Hever attended for ANZAC Day commemoration ceremonies
February 2015: Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Philip Hammond visited for meetings with New Zealand counterparts
July 2014: Minister of State for Trade and Investment Lord Livingston visited to explore opportunities in the Christchurch rebuild


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WDOR > News > SB Council Approves Demolition Plan for Old Coop Property
SB Council Approves Demolition Plan for Old Coop Property
The Sturgeon Bay City Council Tuesday evening approved a plan calling for the demolition of four structures on the former Door County Cooperative property on Sturgeon Bay's west side waterfront. On a unanimous vote, aldermen agreed to move forward with the building removal project based on a plan prepared by the consulting firm of Ayres & Associates. The property, now owned by the city, is expected to play a key role in redevelopment plans for the area. A total of seven bids were received with the lowest, at $108,527, submitted by Ostrenga Excavating Company of Green Bay. Community Development Director Marty Olejniczak, said the process of razing the buildings will begin with asbestos removal…[audio:http://wdor.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/N1352.mp3|titles=Marty Olejniczak]
A community development block grant is available to cover just over $41,000 of the cost of taking down the building. The city's tax incremental district number four would provide the remaining $67,140 needed to tear down the structures.


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In certe organizzazioni il settore è una delle unità organizzative in cui si divide l'organizzazione stessa.

In Italia
Nella pubblica amministrazione italiana il termine è utilizzato da molti enti territoriali locali per denominare un'unità organizzativa il cui responsabile ha la qualifica di dirigente. Negli enti di maggiori dimensioni, con più livelli dirigenziali, i settori sono solitamente le minori unità organizzative cui è preposto un dirigente e sono, pertanto, raggruppati in unità di livello superiore, variamente denominate (direzioni, dipartimenti ecc.). I settori sono di solito suddivisi in unità organizzative minori il cui responsabile non ha qualifica dirigenziale.

Voci correlate
 Organigramma

Organizzazione aziendale
Diritto amministrativo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If we're staring a Montez Sweat can you even trade back? I don't think so!!! I've been high on him then he blew blew up this offseason!! Now there's the medical!!! I'd turn this card in super fast!!!
Is it too early to start the draft game again?
See this draft right here is actually realistic I think and I'd make every one of those selections with a smile!!!
I think if teams saw him as Peyton I think your talking about a easy top pick then over Murray!!!
That's a bold statement cotton!!!!!
They skated completely lazy the first period!!! They outskated them the whole second turned it on for the Ovi goal and sat on their hands again exactly like the first goal!!! Then that hit was wrong but whatever we have to be the hungrier team!!! They looked like it after the Oshi hit!!! So let's see what they bring now!!!
I'm very okay with that!!!!
I think we could get Campbell in the end of the first and that's why I'd trade back. Yes I fell in love with Campbell and have been quiet because I believe he can be a different kind of 1!!! Not like he looks dominant from week too week but constantly makes huge plays and in our offense that loves the pull tackle guard swing screen game I think in Grudens Scheme he is a number 1!!!
They did. They had Payne and Guice in just about the same time last year as they didn't Campbell and Grier this week. They did something similar I think in the Schreff draft. They had crowded and Schreff in the week before but those two weren't together like last year Guice and Payne.


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Stealthy Jesuit Joe Biden – CIC
Many, if not all true followers of Yeshua-Jesus believe we are in the last days. And with that comes our knowledge of the Scriptures foretelling of the spirit of the antichrist. The debate as to whether this is one "person" or an end-time "attitude" taking hold of the world is a valid, but not necessarily divisive argument. An ounce of uncertainty keeps lookouts on all bastions.
But this we know, that corrupt men use charisma and charm to hide the evil within. "14 And no wonder, for even Satan disguises himself as an angel of light." – 2Co 11:14 ESV
Not taking our eyes off the big picture, an occasional focus on a stroke of the canvas can give added insight to the whole. Zooming in on a particular character, in this case Joe Biden, seems more significant to the landscape than noticed at first glance.
Joe Biden with Saints Mural in Background
Here, we have an image of Mr. Biden standing in front of a mural of early saints. Conditioning? Certainly! And in examining the myriad of other meeting-related photos of Joe Biden, he seems quite equipped to be cast for the role of "charmer in chief" as he greets political dignitaries throughout the world with his million-dollar smile and pat on the arm.
U.S. to Move Troops to Allies Near Russia as Tensions Flare in Eastern Ukraine
Has Joe Biden flown below the radar on the world scene? Has this Jesuit trained, seemingly innocuous, nearly aloof 2nd in command career politician been mistakenly discounted as appraisals of Hillary Clinton, John Kerry, Jeb Bush, John McCain, Mitt Romney, and other "valid" contenders give them "authentication?"
If the antichrist is a man, a movement, or the devil himself, that remains to be seen. And these points and considerations are not to leave the impression that I am saying Joe Biden is 'the' antichrist. What I am saying is that Joe Biden is not just a supporting cast member on the world stage but a leading role character.
Whether it's the canvas of the big picture or the monitor screen of the radar being viewed, an eye-catching brush stroke and blip on the radar has now become a significant element of the world scene.
by Keith Kampschaefer (4/23/14)
April 23, 2014 in All Articles, Global Agenda, Jesuits, Political. Tags: antichrist, Jesuit, Joe Biden
PDF Book – POPERY, PUSEYISM, and JESUITS; 'In a Series of Letters'
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For BBC's Match of the Day titles, a plot was hatched to fuse archive clips into a fantasy football moment – a dream flowing mellifluously through the ages. The result is a very careful balance of the greatest players of all time, shoulder to shoulder with their contemporaries all rotoscoped and graded to feel as if they are in one place at one time – the Match of The Day universe. The subtlety of the film is easy to miss, only the most expert eye can pick out the combined content. It even features the presenters Gary Lineker and Alan Hansen.


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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-84-340-1606, Denver Laundry And Dry Cleaning, Denver, Colorado.
Pryor-P
Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, HETA 84-340-1606, 1985 Jul; :1-13
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/1984-0340-1606.pdf
Environmental and breathing zone samples were analyzed for tetrachloroethylene (127184) (perchloroethylene) (PCE) at Denver Laundry and Dry Cleaning (SIC-7216), Denver, Colorado in July, 1984. The evaluation was requested by a company representative to determine if a health hazard from exposure to PCE existed during the commercial laundry and dry cleaning processes. A noise evaluation was also requested. Time weighted average (TWA) PCE exposures were 45 and 64 parts per million (ppm). Ceiling PCE exposures ranged from 68 to 597ppm. The OSHA TWA and ceiling standards for PCE are 100 and 200ppm, respectively. Personal and area noise exposures ranged from 81 to 89 and 84 to 93 A-weighted decibels (dBA), respectively. The OSHA standard for noise is 90dBA. The author concludes that a health hazard exists due to overexposure to PCE and noise at the facility. Recommendations include replacing the present transfer system by a dry/to/dry closed system if possible, improving work practices, removing clothing from each machine at the same time, replacing or cleaning and oiling the bearings in the dryers, and establishing an educational program to instruct new employees on the hazards of chemical and noise exposure.
NIOSH-Author; NIOSH-Health-Hazard-Evaluation; NIOSH-Technical-Assistance-Report; Hazards-Confirmed; Laundering; Region-8; Noise-measurement; Industrial-hazards; Sound-analyzers; Exposure-limits; HETA-84-340-1606
Field Studies; Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance
HETA-84-340-1606
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
CO; OH


The Anatase Chalet mountain home, 217 habitable square meters remodeled in 2001, 4 stories, operated as a furnished, approved 4 stars self catered rental chalet business or as a bed and breakfast.
Back entrance via garden. Basement cellar, boiler room, storage and laundry rooms. Central vacuum aspiration system, fuel central heating.
The Aiguilles Rouges chalet appartment, 78 habitable square meters, 3 stories, build in 2005.
Basement 62 square meters cellar, boiler room, storage and laundry rooms. Central vacuum aspiration sytem, slab heating and radiators, fuel central heating. Integrated hi-fi system.