text:
Northern spotted owl habitat cuts by Trump appointees used 'faulty' science
Matthew Brown and Gillian Flaccus
PORTLAND — Political appointees in the Trump administration relied on faulty science to justify stripping habitat protections for the imperiled northern spotted owl, U.S. wildlife officials said Tuesday as they struck down a rule that would have opened millions of acres of forest in Oregon, Washington and California to potential logging.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service reversed a decision made five days before Trump left office to drastically shrink so-called critical habitat for the spotted owl. The small, reclusive bird has been in decline for decades as old-growth forests disappear.
The Associated Press obtained details on Tuesday's action prior to it being made public.
Government biologists objected to the changes under Trump and warned they would put the spotted owl on a path to extinction, documents show.
But Trump's Interior Secretary David Bernhardt and former Fish and Wildlife Service Director Aurelia Skipwith dismissed those concerns — instead adopting a plan to lift restrictions on more land than even the timber industry had sought.
Officials said in documents provided to AP that Bernhardt and Skipwith underestimated the threat of extinction and relied on a faulty interpretation of the science to reach their decision.
Related:With rollback of Trump proposal, new Biden plan cuts just 2% of spotted owl protections
Bernhardt defended his handling of the matter, telling AP in an email that Congress gave the interior secretary authority to exclude areas from protection.
Bernhardt said the agency's "reasonable certainty" the owl would go extinct did not match the law's requirement that habitat be protected lest a species "will" go extinct.
If wildlife officials want to change that standard, Bernhardt added, "they should seek a change from Congress."
"Any future Secretary can weigh the benefit factors differently, but they can not change the law or the legal standard," Bernhardt wrote.
Officials twice delayed the changes after President Joe Biden took office and they never went into effect. That puts them among numerous Trump-era policies reversed or struck down by the Interior Department in recent months on issues ranging from oil and gas drilling on some public lands to protections for birds from wind farms.
Democratic lawmakers from Oregon, Washington and California in February called for an investigation into the removal of spotted owl protections, citing potential scientific meddling by Trump appointees.
Wildlife advocates, government agencies and the timber industry have sparred for decades over the northern spotted owl, which is now in precipitous decline and getting closer to disappearing from Washington and parts of Oregon.
Federal habitat protections imposed in 2012 were meant to avert the bird's extinction. They've also been blamed for a logging slowdown that's devastated some rural communities.
Of 9.6 million protected acres, federal officials proposed in August 2020 to remove protections for about 2%.
The timber industry said the plan didn't go far enough and called for removal of more than 28%. In January, Skipwith abruptly changed her agency's recommendation and went even further, telling Bernhardt more than one-third of the protected land, or almost 3.5 million acres, should be excluded from protection.
The land has huge swaths of timber and includes 2 million acres spread in a checkerboard pattern across western Oregon.
Related:Conservationists sue to save spotted owl logging protections
Logging those lands might not have immediately killed off the owls immediately — they live up to 20 years on individual territories that can stretch across 10,000 acres — yet eventually they would have gone extinct, said Paul Henson, the wildlife service's Oregon supervisor.
When Henson brought his concerns to superiors last December, Skipwith overrode them.
"You can't remove over a third of an endangered species' habitat and not expect it to go extinct," Henson said in an interview. "There wasn't much disagreement about the science. The disagreement was how much that risk constrains the secretary's authority" to remove habitat protections.
The logging industry says more thinning and management of protected forests is necessary to prevent wildfires, which devastated 560 square miles of spotted owl habitat last fall. Most of that area is no longer considered viable for the birds.
Timber interests also say some of the land set aside under Tuesday's announcement isn't actually spotted owl habitat or is broken up into parcels too small to support the owl. As such, the smaller habitat designation issued under Trump was "legally and scientifically valid," said Nick Smith, a spokesman for the American Forest Resource Council. The group represents about 100 manufacturing and logging operations in five western U.S. states.
"The federal government cannot set aside critical habitat unless it is habitat for the species," Smith said.
The logging industry says the larger, non-native barred owl is a much greater threat than cutting trees. Skipwith echoed that contention when she said the most effective way to preserve spotted owls was to control barred owl numbers.
"The main threats faced by the northern spotted owl are the barred owl and the devastating forest fires," Skipwith said, adding that she used sound science to reach her conclusion. "It's not an issue of acreage; it's an issue of the management of the land."
The barred owls, native to the eastern U.S., began affecting spotted owl numbers in Washington and Oregon about a decade ago as they expanded west and south. The barred owl incursion accelerated in recent years, putting spotted owls on a downward trajectory that could prompt them to disappear from some areas within ten years, said U.S. Department of Agriculture research biologist Alan Franklin.
Biologists beginning in 2009 studied the impact of barred owl removal in areas of northern California, Oregon and Washington with the smaller spotted owl. The pilot program, which wrapped up in August, showed spotted owl numbers stabilized when barred owl numbers were reduced. They continued to decline in areas without the removals.
Study authors cautioned that the results show habitat protections also are critical to the spotted owl's survival.
In rejecting the Trump rule, federal officials said the dual threats of wildfires and competition from the barred owl underscore why more forest needs protection — to make sure there's enough "redundancy" of habitat that a large fire won't doom the species.
A large-scale barred owl removal program is not in place. Wildlife officials said the best science shows protecting older forests — where owls nest, roost and hunt — is crucial.
Owl expert R. J. Gutiérrez from the University of Minnesota agreed. He said setting aside forest habitat and naming the northern spotted owl as a threatened species in 1990 briefly boosted it before barred owls arrived.
Until barred owls are dealt with, "all habitat is critical" so spotted owls can find refuge from the aggressive newcomers, said Gutiérrez who has spent several decades studying spotted owls along the West Coast.
Environmental groups cheered Tuesday's move but expressed frustration that about 200,000 acres of previously protected habitat were excluded under a new rule published Tuesday that replaces the one under Trump..
"In the past 20 years, there's been accelerated loss of old-growth forest on state and private lands so it's continued to lose habitat," said Noah Greenwald with the Center for Biological Diversity. Climate change adds to the threats, he said.
In December, federal officials determined that northern spotted owl's continued decline means it merits a more critical listing as "endangered."
The agency refused to do so immediately, saying other species took priority. That decision is facing a legal challenge.
Brown reported from Billings, Montana


Search engine: Your keywords and search criteria should be as specific as possible. That way you'll get search results that match the skills you are looking for. Example: To find a Web integrator, you'll see thousands of profiles if you type "Web site," but if you enter a specific skill (e.g., XHTML or CSS), the results will be more precise.
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text:
Q: Know if correct "Ad unit ID" was used by my develoepr I have an iOS app and soon making an Android version. Is there anyway to know if my developer have used the Ad unit ID that I have provided him? Is it possible for him to do a rotation between my Ad unit ID and his own?
I expect the revenue to be more based on numbers of users, therefore I have this doubt.
I tried to monitor my phone using fiddler but it looks like AdMob requests are encrypted. I want to make sure the app is only showing Ad units that are under my account.

A: The Adsense Management API doesn't provide this info as Accounts.adunits.list only retrieves ad units tied to your account. Perhaps you can contact admob support to find out about the ad unit ids requesting for ads in your package name.
OR You can also decompile the live apk:
1. If you have access to the google play developer account where the app is published, navigate to Release Management -> App Releases -> MANAGE PRODUCTION
2. Download the current apk in production:

3. Go to http://www.javadecompilers.com/apk decompile and download the java files. If you don't want to decompile your apk online, you can use any good offline decompiler available in the play store
4. Do a search for "setAdUnitID" in the downloaded project's root directory. You should see your ad unit ids:

This works even if your project is obfuscated with proguard, however note ad units can be rotated remotely so if a variable is used for the ad unit id, you may want to go through the code to be sure the ad unit isn't fetched from a server.
Also note that your apk can be published on third-party app stores, meaning you'd have to go through these steps for every apk in a different store.
Ideally admob should have info about adunits tied to a specific app so you may want to contact their support for assistance

A: Best way to do that is by using APK Editor. It's an android app.
Open APK Editor app -> Click on 'Select an Apk from App' -> Click on 'Full Edit' -> In the dropdown, select 'Default' by scrolling to the bottom
Here, you can see bannerID and fullScreenID

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Aladino Debert caught the eye of the advertising community when he released Beauty in Engineering for Audi, which he was fully conceptualized and realized. In 2010, Aladino joined Digital Domain as a Creative Director and Visual Effects Supervisor as well as Mothership's roster as a director. His work has won and been nominated for numerous awards including Emmys, Clios, Tellys, AICPs and VES awards, including several wins for his work on Nike's Biomorph, STARZ's Black Sails and the music video for Missy Elliott's Pass That Dutch.
As a director, Aladino was the creative force behind the 2018 launch trailers for Treyarch's Black Ops 4 and Bungie's Destiny 2: Forsaken. He created the launch piece for the Oculus Rift, Nike's LeBron 11, BMW's i3: Silent Performance, Microsoft Game Studio's Ryse Son of Rome, and a series of interactive video murals for the Gears of War 3 website. Additionally, he was VFX Supervisor on the Super Bowl spot Pokémon's Train On, Halo's Master Chief Collection, Call of Duty's The Vet & The NOOb, Mad Max for Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, and many more.
While remaining active in commercials, Aladino has embraced TV episodics for shows such as STARZ Networks' Black Sails and Outlander, SpikeTV's The Mist, and Netflix's A Series of Unfortunate Events.
Prior to Digital Domain, he was a Creative Director at Radium and held CG and Animation Supervisor roles at a number of creative studios on both coasts. Aladino is a native of Argentina, where he studied Architecture at Buenos Aires University and also holds a Computer Graphics degree from New York City's Pratt Institute. He currently resides in Los Angeles with his wife and two children.


Description: Electrical Wires Cables Accessories The Home Depot Canada Underground Electrical Cable Copper Electrical Wire Gauge 12 3 Nmwu 12 3 Black Underground Electrical Wire #1685 from the above 1000x1000 resolutions which is part of the "DIY Needed" directory. Download this image for free in HD resolution the choice "Save full resolution" below. If you do not find the exact resolution you are looking for, then go for a native or higher resolution.
Considered one of by far the most common electrical wiring thoughts is regarding how to wire a swap. While applying switches in the home is quite straightforward, wiring one may not be that straightforward for everyone. An ON-OFF switch is actually quite simple to wire. You'll find different types of switches, but for this example, let us say you might be setting up a single-pole toggle switch, an incredibly common change (as well as most basic).
You will discover a few colours of wires inside a common single-pole toggle switch: black, white, and inexperienced. Splice the black wire in two and hook up them to the terminal screws - one particular on prime plus the other on the base screw with the change. The white wire serves being a resource of uninterrupted electricity and is particularly typically connected to some mild coloured terminal screw (e.g., silver). Join the inexperienced wire to your ground screw of your respective change.
These methods would usually be enough to make a normal swap do the job without a issue. Nevertheless, should you usually are not assured that you simply can achieve the endeavor properly and securely you far better let the professionals get it done in its place. Immediately after all, there is a explanation why this undertaking is one of the most typical electrical wiring issues questioned by most people.
For a few explanation, the way to wire a ceiling fan can also be one among by far the most common electrical wiring thoughts. To simplify this task, you should utilize only one swap for any single ceiling fan. To wire the supporter, it can be just a matter of connecting the black wire with the ceiling fan on the black wire on the change. When there is a lightweight, the blue wire need to be connected towards the black wire of your swap in addition.
There are actually factors why these are definitely one of the most commonly asked electrical wiring concerns. A person, several assume it can be simple to do, and two, these are definitely the widespread electrical responsibilities at your home. But you then should not put your basic safety at risk in the purpose to save money. The stakes could even be a great deal better in the event you make an effort to get monetary savings and do an electrical wiring career with out adequate awareness or practical experience.


text:
È stato Presidente del Concilio Gubernamental del Perù dal 28 gennaio al 9 giugno 1827, Presidente della Bolivia dal 24 maggio 1829 al 17 febbraio 1839. Inoltre è stato l'unico Supremo Protector della Confederazione Perù-Bolivia, rimanendo in carica dal 28 ottobre 1836 al 20 febbraio 1839.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz
Personaggi delle guerre d'indipendenza ispanoamericane

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Another sculpto-pictorama, Ruckus Manhattan (1975) exemplifies the mixed-media installations that would become his signature craft. These vibrant three-dimensional constructions melded painting and sculpture, to create immersive works of art that invited interaction from the viewer. The pieces were often populated with colorful, cartoon-like characters, from varied walks of life. One of his biggest themes is the use of painting people, often using other artists or their styles to show his appreciation for their works.
Regarding his large wall relief, William Penn Shaking Hands with the Indians (1967), based on a similarly titled painting by Benjamin West, Grooms remarked, "To tell the truth I did [the work] more because of Mr Benjamin West than Mr. Penn. Benjamin West is a hero for American Art. ... As I understand he set up the whole tableau for The Treaty on his estate using actors from a touring Shakespeare company Then he had an easel installed in the basket of a hot air balloon tethered at 60 feet, and with the help of sandwiches and birch beer hauled up to him by his wife, painted this great masterpiece in six days. To me, this is exemplary American behavior."
Grooms's two most notable installations—The City of Chicago (1967) and Ruckus Manhattan (1975)—were enormously popular with the public. These works were executed in collaboration with then-wife, the artist Mimi Gross. Along with Gross, he starred in Mike Kuchar's Secret of Wendel Samson (1966), which tells the story of a closeted gay artist torn between two relationships. In the 1990s Grooms returned to his Tennessee roots, creating likenesses of 36 figures from Nashville history for the Tennessee Foxtrot Carousel (1998).
Grooms' sculpture The Shootout, which depicts a cowboy and an Indian shooting at one another, drew protests by Native American activists when it was unveiled in Denver in 1982. The sculpture was evicted from two locations in downtown Denver after protesters threatened to deface it. In 1983 the sculpture was moved to the grounds of the Denver Art Museum, and now sits on the roof of the museum restaurant. Grooms commented "Denver is beginning to rival Grumpsville, Tennessee, as one of the great sourpuss towns."
Grooms currently lives and works in New York City in a studio in lower Manhattan at the intersection of Tribeca and Chinatown, where he has lived for around 40 years. He has one daughter, Saskia Grooms.


text:
Tehran 1933 – The D′Arcy Carnival
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You won′t find cockfights or bullfights in the west of Turkey. Instead, elaborately decorated camels enter the ring here – to the pride of ...More
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Iran has experienced a dramatic increase in the number of homeless people in the past few years. Rights activists blame President Rouhani ...More
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Orthodox Christmas is celebrated on 6 January with a festive mass led by Patriarch Bartholomew I in the Church of St. George in Istanbul. ...More
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He travels to Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Nigeria. There's hardly any war region that he hasn't visited. And usually, he comes back with ...More
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Sufism – the mystical path of Islam – enjoys a long tradition in Sudan. Sufis aspire to achieve perfection of worship through music, dance ...More
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Istanbul exerts a unique appeal not only on tourists, as it is also the adopted home of the largest expat community in Turkey. Nonetheless ...More
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Throughout the month of October, several cities across the West Bank, Gaza and Israel have been hosting the Qalandiya International ...More
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Japanese photographer Yusuke Suzuki has just received the Award for Young Emerging Talents at the Berlin Photo Biennial. To understand ...More
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German photographer Jens Umbach travelled to the north of Afghanistan to pay tribute to the people affected by the German military mission ...More
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Gustaf Dalman (1855-1941) is viewed as the founder of Palestine studies in Germany. As the first director of a German archaeological ...More
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Poor government, economic recession, cultural norms: all factors that have turned Lebanese zoos into hotbeds of illegal animal trading. An ...More
The hajj: Pilgrims in their millions
Millions of devout Muslims are again conducting the pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. The pilgrimage this year takes ...More
Belgium: Burkini meets bikini
Muslim women in Belgium organised a different kind of protest. They gathered in Antwerp to celebrate at a beach party, dressed in burkinis ...More
The masked women of southern Iran
Along Iran′s coastline and on the island of Qeshm in the Strait of Hormuz, women have been wearing masks for centuries. The styles vary ...More
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This month while Pakistan marked its independence, its twin India also celebrated its freedom from British rule. Tensions between the two ...More
Only rust remains at Rayak: Lebanon′s railway heritage
In August 1895, the first steam locomotive departed from the port city of Beirut, crossed the rugged terrain of Lebanon′s Bekaa valley and ...More

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Spring 4 MVC Locale changed but JSP does not respond for this This is my configuration files:
Initializer:
public class Initializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {

    private static final String DISPATCHER_SERVLET_NAME = "dispatcher";

    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();

        ctx.register(ApplicationConfig.class);

        servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(ctx));
        servletContext.setInitParameter("defaultHtmlEscape", "true");
        servletContext.addListener(new HttpSessionEventPublisher());
        servletContext.addListener(new RequestContextListener());

        FilterRegistration.Dynamic fr = servletContext.addFilter("encodingFilter",
                new CharacterEncodingFilter());
        fr.setInitParameter("encoding", "UTF-8");
        fr.setInitParameter("forceEncoding", "true");
        fr.addMappingForUrlPatterns(null, true, "/*");

        servletContext.addFilter("securityFilter", new DelegatingFilterProxy("springSecurityFilterChain"))
                .addMappingForUrlPatterns(null, false, "/*");

        ServletRegistration.Dynamic servlet = servletContext.addServlet(DISPATCHER_SERVLET_NAME,
                new DispatcherServlet(ctx));
        servlet.addMapping("/");
        servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        servlet.setAsyncSupported(true);

        ctx.setServletContext(servletContext);
    }

    public Filter[] getServletFilters() {

        CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        characterEncodingFilter.setForceEncoding(true);

        return new Filter[]{characterEncodingFilter, new DelegatingFilterProxy()};
    }

}

ApplicationConfig:
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan("com.example.*")
@PropertySource("classpath:app.properties")
public class ApplicationConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    private static final Charset UTF8 = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

    @Override
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.enable();
    }

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        OpenSessionInViewInterceptor sessionInViewInterceptor = new OpenSessionInViewInterceptor();
        sessionInViewInterceptor.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);

        registry.addWebRequestInterceptor(sessionInViewInterceptor);
        registry.addInterceptor(localeChangeInterceptor());
    }

    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver getInternalResourceViewResolver() {
        InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/pages/");
        resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        resolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
        return resolver;
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageSource messageSource() {
        ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource ret = new ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource();
        ret.setBasenames("classpath:messages", "classpath:labels", "classpath:exceptions");
        ret.setDefaultEncoding(UTF8.name());
        return ret;
    }

//    @Bean
//    public SessionLocaleResolver localeResolver() {
//        // TODO locale
//        Locale ruLocale = new Locale.Builder().setLanguage("ru").build();
//        SessionLocaleResolver localeResolver = new SessionLocaleResolver();
//        localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(ruLocale);
//        return localeResolver;
//    }

    @Bean
    public CookieLocaleResolver localeResolver() {
        CookieLocaleResolver cookieLocaleResolver = new CookieLocaleResolver();
        cookieLocaleResolver.setCookieName("localceCookie");
        cookieLocaleResolver.setCookieMaxAge(3600);

        return cookieLocaleResolver;
    }

    @Bean
    public LocaleChangeInterceptor localeChangeInterceptor() {
        LocaleChangeInterceptor localeChangeInterceptor = new LocaleChangeInterceptor();
        localeChangeInterceptor.setParamName("locale");
        return localeChangeInterceptor;
    }

}

So i have LocaleChangeInterceptor, CookieLocaleResolver, MessageSource. I have labels.properties and labels_en.properties.
JSP:
Language : English|Russian

    lable.testLocale : <spring:message code="lable.testLocale" text="default text" />

Current Locale : ${pageContext.response.locale}

When i click on link English, Russian, JSP reloading and Current Locale value on JSP shows Russian and English (depends on link). So locale changing successfully. Cookie with name localceCookie appears and it is contain ru or en value depends on chosen locale, but JSP value label.testLocale shows ONLY value for en locale and it does not changed. I looked up a lot of questions and most them were about localeInterceptor.
I tried Tomcat, Jetty, JBoss (now it is wildfly) applications servers. I tried different browsers. Also, i found this tutorial, project does not work, i made some changes like @RequestMapping for controller, but locale does not work in this example.
UPDATE #1
Accordingly to answer of @TechBreak i do the following:
1. Changed basenames of bundles and set default locale in CookieLocaleResolver
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource() {
    ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource ret = new ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource();
    ret.setBasenames("/WEB-INF/messages", "/WEB-INF/labels", "/WEB-INF/exceptions");
    ret.setDefaultEncoding(UTF8.name());
    return ret;
}
@Bean
public CookieLocaleResolver localeResolver() {
    Locale ruLocale = new Locale.Builder().setLanguage("ru").build();
    CookieLocaleResolver cookieLocaleResolver = new CookieLocaleResolver();
    cookieLocaleResolver.setDefaultLocale(ruLocale);
    cookieLocaleResolver.setCookieName("localceCookie");
    cookieLocaleResolver.setCookieMaxAge(3600);
    return cookieLocaleResolver;
}

*Move bundles to /WEB-INF/

Problem still exists.
UPDATE #2
Now my configuration looks like this:
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan("com.example.*")
@PropertySource("classpath:app.properties")
public class ApplicationConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    private static final Charset UTF8 = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

    @Bean
    public static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertiesBean() {
        return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();
    }

    @Override
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.enable();
    }

    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addResourceHandler("/assets/**").addResourceLocations("/assets/").setCachePeriod(31556926);
        registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/").setCachePeriod(31556926);
        registry.addResourceHandler("/img/**").addResourceLocations("/img/").setCachePeriod(31556926);
        registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/").setCachePeriod(31556926);
    }

    @Bean
    public RequestMappingHandlerMapping handlerMapping() {
        RequestMappingHandlerMapping handlerMapping = new RequestMappingHandlerMapping();
        handlerMapping.setInterceptors(localeChangeInterceptor());
        return handlerMapping;
    }

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        OpenSessionInViewInterceptor sessionInViewInterceptor = new OpenSessionInViewInterceptor();
        sessionInViewInterceptor.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);

//        registry.addWebRequestInterceptor(sessionInViewInterceptor);
        registry.addInterceptor(localeChangeInterceptor());
    }

//    @Bean
//    public SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter simpleControllerHandlerAdapter() {
//        return new SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter();
//    }

    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver getInternalResourceViewResolver() {
        InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/pages/");
        resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        resolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
        return resolver;
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageSource messageSource() {
        ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource ret = new ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource();
        ret.setBasenames("/WEB-INF/labels");
        ret.setDefaultEncoding(UTF8.name());
        return ret;
    }

//    @Bean
//    public SessionLocaleResolver localeResolver() {
//        // TODO locale
//        Locale ruLocale = new Locale.Builder().setLanguage("ru").build();
//        SessionLocaleResolver localeResolver = new SessionLocaleResolver();
//        localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(ruLocale);
//        return localeResolver;
//    }

    @Bean
    public CookieLocaleResolver localeResolver() {
        Locale ruLocale = new Locale.Builder().setLanguage("ru").build();
        CookieLocaleResolver cookieLocaleResolver = new CookieLocaleResolver();
        cookieLocaleResolver.setDefaultLocale(ruLocale);
        cookieLocaleResolver.setCookieName("localceCookie");
        cookieLocaleResolver.setCookieMaxAge(3600);

        return cookieLocaleResolver;
    }

    @Bean
    public LocaleChangeInterceptor localeChangeInterceptor() {
        // TODO locale
        LocaleChangeInterceptor localeChangeInterceptor = new LocaleChangeInterceptor();
        localeChangeInterceptor.setParamName("locale");
        localeChangeInterceptor.setHttpMethods(HttpMethod.GET.name(), HttpMethod.POST.name());
        return localeChangeInterceptor;
    }
}

I try DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping but it is deprecated and Spring says to use RequestMappingHandlerMapping, in both cases problem still exists. In label.properties i have Russian language and it is default locale, in label_en.properites English language. And Russian locale as default locale.
FINAL CONFIGURATION
This is important part of configuration
@Bean
public RequestMappingHandlerMapping handlerMapping() {
    RequestMappingHandlerMapping handlerMapping = new RequestMappingHandlerMapping();
    handlerMapping.setInterceptors(localeChangeInterceptor());
    return handlerMapping;
}

And for default locale i made labels_ru.properties and for English locale i made labels.properties.

A: As you are you using

ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource

then you have to move your resource bundle files from current src/main/resources to resource directory of your WEB-INF.
Please read the documentation for : http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/context/support/ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource.html
It says to be able to reload they should be put into WEB-INF directories.
Also I see that you need to do configuration equivalent of following,
<bean id="handlerMapping"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping">
        <property name="interceptors">
            <ref bean="localeChangeInterceptor" />
        </property>
    </bean>

EDIT : Also make sure you have label_ru.properties file defined.


text:
DhammaTalks.net
Mahahatthipadopama Sutta (MN#28)
- The Greater Discourse on the Simile of the Elephant's Footprint
by Bhikkhu Bodhi
[This is taken from the translation by Bhikkhu Bodhi of the "Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha", with the ditto marks removed and placed back into it's entirety again for the purpose of study.]
1] Thus have I heard. On one occasion the Blessed One was living at Savatthi in Jeta's Grove, Anathapindika's Park. There the Venerable Sariputta addressed the Bhikkhus thus: : "Friend, bhikkhus." - "Friend," they replied. The Venerable Sariputta said thus:
2] "Friends, just as the footprint of any living thing that walks can be placed within an elephant's footprint, and so the elephant's footprint is declared the chief of them because of its great size; so too, all wholesome states can be included in the Four Noble Truths. In what four? In the noble truth of suffering, in the noble truth of the origin of suffering, in the noble truth of the cessation of suffering, and in the noble truth of the way leading to the cessation of suffering.
3] "And what is the noble truth of suffering? Birth is suffering, ageing is suffering, death is suffering; sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief, and despair are suffering; not to obtain what one wants is suffering; in short, the five aggregates affected by clinging are suffering.
4] "And what are the five aggregates affected by clinging? They are: the material form aggregate affected by clinging, the feeling aggregate affected by clinging, the perception aggregate affected by clinging, the formations aggregate affected by clinging, and the consciousness aggregate affected by clinging.
5] "And what is the material form aggregate affected by clinging? It is the four great elements and the material form derived from the four great elements. And what are the four great elements? They are the earth element, the water element, the fire element, and the air element.
( The Earth Element)
6] "What, friends, is the earth element? The earth element may be either internal or external. What is the internal earth element? Whatever internally, belonging to oneself, is solid, solidified, and clung-to: that is head-hairs, body-hairs, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, bone-marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, diaphragm, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, contents of the stomach, feces, or whatever else internally, belonging to oneself, is solid, solidified, and clung-to: this is called the internal earth element. Now both the internal earth element and the external earth element are simply earth element. And that should be seen as it actually is with proper wisdom thus: 'This is not mine, this I am not, this is not my self'. When one sees it thus as it actually is with proper wisdom, one becomes disenchanted with the earth element and makes the mind dispassionate toward the earth element.
7] "Now, there comes a time when the water element is disturbed and then the external earth element vanishes. When even this external earth element, great as it is, is seen to be impermanent, subject to destruction, disappearance, and change, what of this body, which is clung to by craving and lasts for a little while? There can be no considering that as 'I' or 'mine' or 'I am'.
8] "So then, if others abuse, revile, scold, and harass a bhikkhu [who has seen this element as it actually is], he understands thus: 'This painful feeling born of the ear-contact has arisen in me. That is dependent, not independent. Dependent on what? Dependent on contact. Then he sees that contact is impermanent, that feeling is impermanent, that perception is impermanent, that formations are impermanent, and that consciousness is impermanent. And his mind, having enters into that very objective support, enters into [taking it to be impersonal] and acquires confidence, steadiness, and resolution.
9] "Now, if others attack that bhikkhu in ways that are unwished for, undesired, and disagreeable, by contact with fists, clods, sticks, or knives, he understands thus: 'This body is of such a nature that contact with fists, clods, sticks, and knives assail it. But this has been said by the Blessed One in his 'advice on the simile of the saw': 'Bhikkhus, even if bandits were to sever you savagely limb from limb with a two-handed saw, he who gave rise to a mind of hate towards them would not be following my teaching.' So tireless energy shall be aroused in me and unremitting mindfulness established, my body shall be tranquil and untroubled, my mind concentrated and unified. And now let contact with fists, clods, sticks, and knives assail this body; for this is just how the Buddha's teaching is practiced."
10] "When that Bhikkhu thus recollects the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha, if equanimity supported by the wholesome does not become established in him, then he arouses a sense of urgency thus: 'It is a loss for me, it is no gain for me, it is bad for me, it is no good for me, that when I thus recollect the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha, equanimity is supported by the wholesome does not become established in me.' Just as when a daughter-in-law sees her father-in-law, she rouses a sense of urgency [to please him], so too, when that bhikkhu thus recollects the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha, if equanimity supported by the wholesome does not become established in him, then he rouses a sense of urgency. But if, when he recollects the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha, equanimity supported by the wholesome becomes established in him, then he is satisfied with it. At that point, friends, much has been done by that bhikkhu
(The Water Element)
11] "What, friends, is the water element? The water element may be either internal or external. What is the internal water element? Whatever internally, belonging to oneself, is water, watery, and clung-to; that is, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, spittle, snot, oil-of-the-joints, urine, or whatever else internally, belonging to oneself, is water, watery, and clung-to: this is called the internal water element. Now both the internal water element and the external water element are simply water element. And that should be seen as it actually is with proper wisdom thus: 'This is not mine, this I am not, this is not my self'. When one sees as it actually is with proper wisdom, one becomes disenchanted with the water element and makes the mind dispassionate toward the water element.
12] "Now there comes a time when the external element is disturbed. It carries away villages, towns, cities, districts, and countries. There comes a time when the waters in the great ocean sink down, a hundred leagues, two hundred leagues, three hundred leagues, four hundred leagues, five hundred leagues, six hundred leagues, seven hundred leagues. There comes a time when the waters in the great oceans stand seven fathoms deep. There comes a time when the waters in the great oceans stand half a fathom deep, only waist deep, only knee deep, only ankle deep. There comes a time when the waters in the great oceans are not enough to wet even the joint of a finger. When even the external water element, great as it is, is seen to be impermanent, subject to destruction, disappearance, and change, what of this body, which is clung-to by craving and lasts but a little while? There can be no considering that as 'I' or 'mine' or 'I am'.
13] "So then, if others abuse, revile, scold, and harass a bhikkhu [who has seen this element as it actually is], he understands thus: 'This painful feeling born of the ear-contact has arisen in me. That is dependent, not independent. Dependent on what? Dependent on contact. Then he sees that contact is impermanent, that feeling is impermanent, that perception is impermanent, that formations are impermanent, and that consciousness is impermanent. And his mind, having entered into that very object [taking it to be impersonal] and acquires confidence, steadiness, and resolution.
14] "Now, if others attack that bhikkhu in ways that are unwished for, undesired, and disagreeable, by contact with fists, clods, sticks, or knives, he understands thus: 'This body is of such a nature that contact with fists, clods, sticks, and knives assail it. But this has been said by the Blessed One in his 'advice on the simile of the saw': 'Bhikkhus, even if bandits were to sever you savagely limb from limb with a two-handed saw, he who gave rise to a mind of hate towards them would not be following my teaching.' So tireless energy shall be aroused in me and unremitting mindfulness established, my body shall be tranquil and untroubled, my mind concentrated and unified. And now let contact with fists, clods, sticks, and knives assail this body; for this is just how the Buddha's teaching is practiced."
15] "When that Bhikkhu thus recollects the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha, if equanimity supported by the wholesome does not become established in him, then he arouses a sense of urgency thus: 'It is a loss for me, it is no gain for me, it is bad for me, it is no good for me, that when I thus recollect the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha, equanimity is supported by the wholesome does not become established in me.' Just as when a daughter-in-law sees her father-in-law, she rouses a sense of urgency [to please him], so too, when that bhikkhu thus recollects the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha, if equanimity supported by the wholesome does not become established in him, then he rouses a sense of urgency. But if, when he recollects the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha, equanimity supported by the wholesome becomes established in him, then he is satisfied with it. At that point, friends, much has been done by that bhikkhu.
(The Fire Element)
16] "What, friends, is the fire element? The fire element may be either internal or external. What is the internal fire element? Whatever internally, belonging to oneself, is fire, fiery, and clung-to: that is, that by which one is warmed, ages, and is consumed, and that by which what is eaten, drunk, ages, consumed, and tasted gets completely digested, or whatever else internally, belonging to oneself, fire, fiery, and clung-to: this is called the internal element are simply called fire element. And that should be seen as it actually is with proper wisdom thus: 'This is not mine, this I am not, this is not my self.' When one sees it thus as it actually is with proper wisdom, one becomes disenchanted with the fire element and makes the mind dispassionate toward the fire element.
17] "Now there comes a time when the external fire element is disturbed. It burns up villages, towns, cities, districts, and countries. It goes out due to lack of fuel only when it comes to green grass, or to a road, or to a rock, or to water, or to a fair even space. There comes a time when they seek to make a fire even with a cock's feather or a hide-pairing. When even this external fire element, great as it is, is seen to be impermanent, subject to destruction, disappearance, and change, what of this body, which is clung to by craving and lasts but a little while? There can be no considering that as 'I or mine' or 'I am'.
18] "So then, if others abuse, revile, scold, and harass a bhikkhu (who has seen this element as it actually is), he understands thus: "So then, if others abuse, revile, scold, and harass a bhikkhu [who has seen this element as it actually is], he understands thus: 'This painful feeling born of the ear-contact has arisen in me. That is dependent, not independent. Dependent on what? Dependent on contact. Then he sees that contact is impermanent, that feeling is impermanent, that perception is impermanent, that formations are impermanent, and that consciousness is impermanent. And his mind, having enters into that very object [taking it to be impersonal] and acquires confidence, steadiness, and resolution.
[Air Element]
21] "What, friends, is the air element? The air element may be either internal or external. What is the internal air element? Whatever internally, belonging to oneself, is air, airy, and clung-to; that is, up-going winds, down-going winds, winds in the belly, winds in the bowels, winds that course through the limbs, in-breath and out-breath, or whatever else internally, belonging to oneself, is air, airy, clung-to; This is called air element. And that should be seen as it actually is with proper wisdom thus: 'This is not mine, this I am not, this is not my self'. When one sees it thus as it actually is with proper wisdom, one becomes disenchanted toward the air element.
22] "Now there comes a time when the external air element is disturbed. It sweeps away villages, towns, cities, districts, and countries. There comes a time in the last month of the hot season when they seek wind by means of a fan or bellows, and even the strands of straw in the drip-fringe of the thatch do not stir. When even this external air element, great as it is, is seen to be impermanent, subject to destruction, disappearance, and change, what of this body, which is clung to by craving and lasts but a little while? There can be no considering that as 'I' or 'mine' or 'I am'.
26] "Friends, just as when a space is enclosed by timber and creepers, grass, and clay, it comes to be termed 'house', so too, when a space is enclosed by bones and sinews, flesh and skin, it comes to be termed 'material form'.
27] "If, friends, internally the eye is intact but no external forms come into its range, and there is no corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is no manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness. If internally the eye is intact and external forms come into its range, but there is no corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is no manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness. But when internally the eye is intact and external forms come into its range and there is the corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is the manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness.
28] "The material form in what has thus come to be is included in the material form aggregate affected by clinging. The feeling in what has thus come to be is included in the feeling aggregate affected by clinging. The perception in what has thus come to be is included in the perception aggregate affected by clinging. The formations in what has thus come to be is included in the formations aggregate affected by clinging. The consciousness in what has thus come to be is included in the consciousness aggregate affected by clinging. He understands thus: 'This, indeed is how there comes to be the inclusion, gathering, and amassing of things into these five aggregates affected by clinging. Now this has been said by the Blessed One: "One who sees dependent origination sees the Dhamma; one who sees the Dhamma sees dependent origination." And these five aggregates affected by clinging are dependently arisen. The desire, indulgence, inclination, and holding based on these five aggregates affected by clinging is the origination of suffering. The removal of desire and lust, the abandonment of desire and lust for these five aggregates affected by clinging is the cessation of suffering. At this point too, friends, much has been done by that bhikkhu.
29] "If, friends, internally the ear is intact but no external sounds come into its range, and there is no corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is no manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness. If internally the ear is intact and external sounds come into its range, but there is no corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is no manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness. But when internally the ear is intact and external sounds come into its range and there is the corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is the manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness.
31] If, friends, internally the nose is intact but no external smells come into its range, and there is no corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is no manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness. If internally the nose is intact and external smells comes into its range, but there is no corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is no manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness. But when internally the nose is intact and external smells come into its range and there is the corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is the manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness.
33] "If, friends, internally the tongue is intact but no external flavors come into range, and there is no corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is no manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness. If internally the tongue is intact and external flavors come into its range, but there is no corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is no manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness. But when internally the tongue is intact and external flavors come into its range and there is the corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is the manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness.
35] "If, friends, internally the body is intact but no external tangibles come into range, and there is no corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is no manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness. If internally the body is intact and external forms tangibles come into its range, but there is no corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is no manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness. But when internally the body is intact and external tangibles come into its range and there is the corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is the manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness.
37] "If, friends, the mind is intact but no external mind-objects come into its range, and there is no corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is no manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness. If internally the mind is intact and external mind-objects come into its range, but there is no corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is no manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness. But when internally the mind is intact and external mind-objects come into its range and there is the corresponding (conscious) engagement, then there is the manifestation of the corresponding class of consciousness.
38] "The material form in what has thus come to be is included in the material form aggregate affected by clinging. The feeling in what has thus come to be is included in the feeling aggregate affected by clinging. The perception in what has thus come to be is included in the perception aggregate affected by clinging. The formations in what has thus come to be is included in the formations aggregate affected by clinging. The consciousness in what has thus come to be is included in the consciousness aggregate affected by clinging. He understands thus: 'This, indeed is how there comes to be the inclusion, gathering, and amassing of things into these five aggregates affected by clinging. Now this has been said by the Blessed One: "One who sees dependent origination sees the Dhamma; one who sees the Dhamma sees dependent origination." And these five aggregates affected by clinging are dependently arisen. The desire, indulgence, inclination, and holding based on these five aggregates affected by clinging is the origination of suffering. The removal of desire and lust, the abandonment of desire and lust for these five aggregates affected by clinging is the cessation of suffering. At this point too, friends, much has been done by that bhikkhu."
That is what the venerable Sariputta said. The bhikkhus were satisfied and delighted in the venerable Sariputta's words.
Edited by KK
Sutta translation (C) Bhikkhu Bodhi 1995, 2001. Reprinted from The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya with permission of Wisdom Publications, 199 Elm Street, Somerville, MA 02144 U.S.A,www.wisdompubs.org
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07/02/2007 — Erb's Palsy, also known as Brachial Plexus Paralysis, is a condition commonly caused during childbirth when an infant sustains injuries associated with dystocia (abnormal or difficult labor or birth.) It can occur if the infant's head and neck are pulled toward the side simultaneously as the shoulders pass through the birth canal, resulting in damage to the Brachial Plexus, a network of nerves that run from the spine to the fingertips, with one or all of the five primary nerves that control sensation and movement in an arm involved.
During a vertex (head first) delivery, excessive pulling on the shoulders can cause Erb's Palsy. It can also occur during a breech (feet first) delivery by pressure on the raised arms. Applying unnecessary and excessive force during a delivery can traumatize the infant and lead to Erb's Palsy.
Paralysis to the arm can vary in severity, as can nerve damage, ranging from bruising to, infrequently, tearing. In extreme cases, the injury can leave patients with stunted growth in the affected arm, and with impaired muscular, nervous and circulatory development.
Usually the paralysis is temporary, lasting only a day or two; in some cases, however, the paralysis represents tearing of the nerves and can last much longer. In these cases physical therapy may be needed, and in the most severe cases, surgery may be necessary.
Negligence on the physician's part may contribute to the risk of Erb's Palsy, including failure to estimate a baby's weight before delivery, or to prepare adequately for the birth of a large infant. Failure to diagnose and treat maternal diabetes can play a role. Also, failure to perform appropriate delivery techniques during shoulder dystocia and, at worst, failure to perform a caesarean section when indicated can lead to Erb's Palsy.
For more information on Erb's Palsy or to discuss other cases of possible medical malpractice, please contact Koskoff, Koskoff and Bieder at 877-645-2313, or use our online contact form.
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Home » USDA earmarks $7.4 million in research grants
USDA earmarks $7.4 million in research grants
WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S. — Seventy-six small businesses across the United States will receive a total of $7.4 million in grants to conduct research related to food security, natural resources, and agricultural issues. The grants are made possible through the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, a competitive funding source that is coordinated by the Small Business Administration and administered by 11 U.S. federal agencies, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
The purpose of the SBIR program is to encourage domestic small businesses to engage in high-growth research and development that has the potential for commercialization and may lead to significant public benefit, the USDA said.
"USDA is proud to stand behind America's small businesses, whose ingenuity and commitment to community is appreciated worldwide," said U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack. "Rural America is finally on the road to recovery after one of the worst economic recessions in our history, and we cannot underestimate the role that small businesses' innovation has played in bringing jobs back to their hometowns. The Small Business Innovation Research Program is one of many ways that USDA has helped thousands of rural businesses expand on new ideas for the benefit of their own operations and for our society as a whole."
Several of the grants will go toward projects that aim to provide a service to the grain industry. For example, a $100,000 grant has been awarded to Arcadia Bioscience Inc., Phoenix, Arizona, U.S., to develop new wheat varieties with increased yield by identifying and evaluating novel genetic variation in candidate yield/plant architecture genes.
"Our preliminary work resulted in identification of mutant alleles in our candidate genes," Arcadia said. "Our data suggests that some of the single homoeolog mutations in two of our candidate genes lead to increases in seed size, as expected. These promising lines will continue to be backcrossed and homoeologs stacked to determine if multiple homoeolog mutations lead to additive effects. A major question of Phase I research will be to determine if mutations that lead to seed size increases in the greenhouse result in yield benefits in the field."
Another $100,000 grant has been earmarked for Windcall Manufacturing, Inc., Venango, Nebraska, U.S. Windcall is developing new technology with miniaturized handheld grain combine for eliminating increasing costs in pre-harvest sampling.
Windcall said the project has two major goals. Goal No. 1 is to demonstrate the capabilities of a 15-ton grain combine miniaturized to hand-held proportions, powered by a commercially available rechargeable battery significantly impacting agriculture and the communities serving the agricultural industry.
"Our device will replace full-sized combines and will harvest, thresh, and test moisture saving growers time, labor and fuel expenses," Windcall said. "This device would improve grain harvesting practices by increasing yields by pinpointing optimum harvest time. This project seeks to develop an agricultural machine that can enable grain farmers to accurately determine moisture prior to harvest without the expensive use of a full-sized combine."
Goal No. 2 is to achieve educational outreach.
"This is such a new technology/tool that growers and harvesters must be made aware of the cost savings by showing them the amount of money they are losing during current practices," Windcall said. "In addition, they must be encouraged to replace their old practices with this new device."
The National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) administers USDA's portion of the SBIR program with additional funding provided by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the Agricultural Research Service, the Economic Research Service, the National Agricultural Statistics Service, and the U.S. Forest Service. More information on the SBIR projects may be viewed here.
Business Market Segments grain handling
KWC earmarks nearly $1.2 million for 2020 research projects
USDA awards tropical ag research grants
USDA awards 54 grants for plant research
ADM to give $2 million in grants to Decatur
USDA awards $2.8 million grant for whole grains research


If Paul was in Jerusalem at the same time as Jesus, why couldn't he identify who he and the disciples were when he was persecuting Christians? They were the main ones! If he was a a Pharisee and the son of a Pharisee, where was he during Passover when the chief culprit (a rabbi) was being crucified?
From what we know of Paul, he may not have been in Jerusalem because of one of two factors: He lived in Tarsus, in modern Turkey; and he may have been a mere teen at the time.
At the time of Stephen's martyrdom in Acts 7 -- this would probably have been within a year of the crucifixion -- Paul does not participate, but instead holds the coats of those who kill Stephen. This could indicate that he was too young to be involved in a stoning. Alternatively, some believe that he had a physical handicap that prevented him from getting a good loft on a rock.
Paul's purpose in coming to Jerusalem was to study under Gamaliel. He may well have been at Tarsus and arrived for his studies only after Pentacost.
But those are both moot. A Pharisee is not an office; it is a political party. There were, according to Flavius Josephus, three such parties. It would be similar to saying that "I was a Tory, son of a Tory, taught on the eighth day to call for votes of no confidence in labour." He would not have been, as a Pharisee, summoned to the trial of Jesus. Pharisees who were friends of Jesus, such as Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea, were conspicuously absent, so clearly the Sanhedrin was convened with a skeleton crew for the purpose of reaching a decisive verdict. So that point is also moot.
Paul's birth occurs in the city of Tarsus to an Israelite family of the tribe of Benjamin (Philippians 3:5). He is circumcised on the eighth day, in compliance with the law of God (Leviticus 12:3, Philippians 3:5).
So why wasn't he chasing JC and the disciples and attending the crucifixion?
You really believe that the Sanhedrin would gather and convene during a holy holiday to conduct a court proceeding?
The traditional timeline has them convening on a Thursday night and meeting early Friday morning at Pilate's house for the Roman meeting.
That the court was held at night is a procedural irregularity, which we today would call "reversible error."
So was that he was arrested at night.
So was that he was that he was taken to a private residence before being tried.
So was that he was not released when the witnesses failed to agree.
So was that the judge chose to question him, and made him answer under oath -- effectively demanding in the name of God that he testify against Himself -- even though there was no charge to answer.
Yes, Ananius and Caiphus were that desperate to conduct the arrest and trial in one go, thereby avoiding a riot. See Morrison on this.
A sanhedrin is like a grand jury, though with more power. It is not an elected office per se. The high Priest essentially selects and convenes a number of powerful people -- usually Pharisees, as their party outnumbered Saducees -- and presents the matter under discussion.
See Flavius Josephus for more information on Sanhedrim and the three Jewish parties.
According to your only source, the Bible.
which we today would call "reversible error."
Correct, if this whole story is true, which is doubtful.
What's he say about it? Is there any evidence beyond the Bible that it did? All the elements of all this happening on the eve of and during an important holy Jewish holiday are absurd. And what was the offense? Blasphemy or chasing the money changers out of the temple? He would have been stoned for the first offence by the Jew and killed on the spot if it were Romans if the "Lamb" would have attacked officials within a heavily guarded Roman money changing institution. Why bother with a ludicrous trial? If Jesus was wildly famous enough to cause a riot over this, why aren't there any records of all this throughout secular records?
Now please explain why Paul wasn't chasing JC and the disciples and attending the crucifixion if your Christian timelines as stated above and throughout other writings are in any way correct? It seems as though Christians want to dearly suppose that ST Paul existed in history as living, being educated, working and persecuting early Christians in Jerusalem, but forget Jesus and his disciples were supposed to be there at the same time too.
Good question. The Pharisees were worried about political pressure from the Saducees, who, though less numerous, held key positions and were demanding when it came to procedure. The Pharisees, following the crucifixion, were going to have to satisfy the Saducees that it was all done legally, and the people that it all needed to be done. If the Saducees were not satisfied, the Pharisees might have gotten removed from their positions; if the people were not satisfied, there might have been a revolt that would bring down Roman authority against them.
Reversible error, in American law, is a procedural error in a trial which might cause an appellate court to reverse the decision. For example, if illegally seized evidence were permitted at trial, that would be a reversible error. If the court permitted perjurious testimony to remain in the record, that would be reversible error. And so forth.
The correct answer to reversible error is a mistrial, however, if there has been at least one prosecution witness questioned, and one answer given, then the defense can argue that jeopardy has attached, and that the trial must be dismissed with prejudice, meaning that the accused can never face that charge ever again. In short, were Jesus tried in an American court, He would never have been crucified.
The turning point in the trial was when, the witnesses having had nothing to say, the High Priest then demanded that Jesus answer, using the formula, "I abjure you by the Living God." To refuse to answer would be contempt of God Himself, and sufficient cause for execution; Thus Jesus answers, and in so answering declares Himself to be God, which they interpreted as Blasphemy (note the rending of garments, which must be done when blasphemy is spoken). The penalty for blasphemy was death.
In America, we would call those violations of Jesus' fourth amendment right against self-incrimination.
There were attempts at stoning Jesus, but He eluded them. On another occasion, people tried to throw Him off of a cliff.


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The Michael and Matthew Pitman-trained Savvy Coup was crowned New Zealand's Champion Three-Year-Old at Sunday's Horse of the Year Awards, and the daughter of Savabeel is pleasing her trainers ahead of her resumption in Saturday's Gr.1 Tarzino Trophy (1400m).
"She's working really well and she should be competitive, but I think the bookies have got it pretty right," Michael Pitman said of the $31 chance.
"She is at good odds this week, she shortens in for the mile (Gr.1 Windsor Park Plate) and she's favourite for the 2000m (Gr.1 Livamol Classic).
Savvy Coup has prepared for her first-up Group One assignment by working with race rival and stablemate Son Of Maher.
"We're not trial trainers. I hardly ever go to the trials.
Chris Johnson will ride Savvy Coup, while Sam Weatherly, who is back from Sydney for a week, will partner Group Two winner Son Of Maher.


The following information covers the main talking points that will covered in the class and what you will be required to bring to the class.
Be sure to wear the appropriate clothing for the weather as we will still have the class rain or shine. If weather causes us to delay or cancel a class, we will use the information provided during registration to attempt to notify you as soon as possible.


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Kenyataan Atas Siasatan Polis Tashny Sukumaran – HAKAM Youth
May 3, 2020 May 3, 2020 Coordinator
Pemuda HAKAM merakamkan solidariti untuk wartawan South China Morning Post (SCMP), Tashny Sukumaran yang kini sedang disiasat oleh pihak polis di bawah Seksyen 504 Kanun Keseksaan dan Seksyen 233 Akta Komunikasi dan Multimedia 1998 selepas menerbitkan suatu artikel pada 1 Mei 2020. Artikel tersebut adalah berkenaan serbuan yang dijalankan oleh pihak berkuasa ke atas warga migran dan pelarian secara besar-besaran semasa pandemik COVID-19.
Artikel Cik Tashny yang dikatakan "membangkitkan pecah keamanan" merupakan artikel yang penuh berfakta. Operasi serbuan yang dijalankan baru-baru ini telah mengundang pelbagai kritikan kerana tidak mematuhi langkah penjarakan sosial sempena pelaksanaan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan. Beratus-ratus orang termasuk kanak-kanak telah ditahan dan dibawa ke pusat penahanan yang penuh sesak, maka potensi peningkatan risiko jangkitan virus dan pembentukan kluster baru menjadi tinggi. Ironinya, pihak berkuasa menerangkan bahawa operasi tersebut diperlukan untuk mengelakkan migran yang tidak berdokumen daripada bergerak ke kawasan lain supaya perebakan virus dapat dihentikan. Read more →
HAKAM Statements, Human Rights & Wrongs, Opinions & Statements	Covid 19, HAKAM Youth, Tashny Sukumaran, World Press Freedom Day
Statement on Tashny Sukumaran's Police Investigation – HAKAM Youth Statement
HAKAM Youth expresses solidarity with journalist Tashny Sukumaran who has been called for an investigation with the authorities after publishing an article dated 1 May 2020 on South China Morning Post (SCMP). The article, which reported the mass raids conducted on migrant workers and refugees in Malaysia amidst the COVID-19
pandemic, is alleged to have violated Section 504 of the Penal Code and Section 233 of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998.
Claimed to be "offensive", Ms. Tashny's article is nothing short of facts. The recent raids on immigrants have attracted wide criticism for not adhering to social distancing measures despite the Movement Control Order (MCO) being in force. Hundreds of people including children were hauled up and taken away in trucks to overcrowded
detention centres, and this put them at a higher risk of getting infected and forming a new cluster. Ironically, the authorities later clarified that the Labour Day operation is necessary to curb the spreading of the virus by preventing undocumented migrants from travelling to other areas. Read more →
HAKAM Statements, Opinions & Statements	Covid 19, HAKAM Youth, Tashny Sukumaran, World Press Freedom Day
Suhakam is committed to protect press freedom — Razali Ismail
Source: Malaysiakini
By Razali Ismail, SUHAKAM
Suhakam chief Tan Sri Razali Ismail — Picture by Saw Siow Feng
The Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (Suhakam) renews its commitment to protect and promote press freedom in Malaysia and reiterates that freedom of the press is a fundamental component of democratic governance.
Suhakam values the important role of the media and recognises the influence of the media in shaping public opinion. In the context 14th general election, there is an expectation that the media will play the role of fair arbiter, provide an open platform for broader public deliberation, represent a plurality of opinions; and accordingly provide election coverage that gives voters comprehensive, balanced and accurate information.This is critical in enabling the public to make informed choices. Read more →
Opinions & Statements	press freedom, Suhakam - Human Rights Commission of Malaysia, World Press Freedom Day
Press freedom in Malaysia – whither rule of law? — Anusha Arumugam
By Anusha Arumugam
Today, World Press Freedom Day, was declared to raise awareness of the importance of freedom of the press and remind governments of their duty to respect and uphold the right to freedom of expression.
What follows is a snapshot glance at the treatment of the press in Malaysia over the past few four years. Read more →
Opinions & Statements	Anusha Arumugam, press freedom, World Press Freedom Day
Media Solidarity Festival
Bersempena Hari Kebebasan Akhbar Sedunia, sertai Geramm dan kawan-kawan dari Institute of Journalists Malaysia, Foreign Correspondence Club of Malaysia bagi merayakan semangat solidariti dikalangan para pengamal media. Dengan kerjasama World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (Wan-IFRA).
In conjunction with the annual World Press Freedom Day celebration, join Geramm and friends from the Institute of Journalist Malaysia, Foreign Correspondence Club of Malaysia, for a day of solidarity among media practitioners. With support from the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (Wan-IFRA).
Prescribing press freedom in Malaysia
May 4, 2017 Coordinator
Dr Mustafa K. Anuar would still like to believe that the earth is flat so that all the elements of social injustice, bigotry and tyranny on this earth can be pushed off the edge. On this supposedly flat surface, he is a Fellow at the Penang Institute. Pic form the MMO.
MAY 4 — The fact that Malaysia attained the 144th slot in the Reporters Without Borders' 2017 Press Freedom Ranking of 180 countries leaves a bad taste in the mouth for it obviously indicates Malaysia's poor standing as far as press freedom and freedom of expression are concerned.
Clearly, this ranking is nothing to be joyous about. If anything, there's a lot to be concerned about.
It does not come as a surprise though to many of us in the wake of what has happened in recent times when press freedom and other civil liberties encounter immense challenges from the powers-that-be.
Not too long ago, for instance, Malaysian journalists were banned from the Parliament's lobby area by the Speaker of the otherwise august Dewan Rakyat, thereby preventing them from having direct access to information sought from politicians concerned.
This is the very place where vital issues confronting the nation are often discussed and debated, the results of which would have far-reaching implications on the general public.
And yet, ordinary Malaysians are deprived of such important information when journalists are prevented from seeking answers on their behalf within the lobby area. Read more →
Opinions & Statements	media freedom, Mustafa K. Anuar, World Press Freedom Day
World Press Freedom Day 2017 — Alaleh Eghbali
3 May is World Press Freedom Day. It is a day in honour and in support of one of the most fundamental of rights – freedom of press. The right to express freely and share information without fear of consequences. The right enshrined in Article 19 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and marking the anniversary of the Declaration of Windhoek, a statement of principles for freedom of press compiled by African newspaper journalists in 1991. It is on this day that the governments of the world are reminded to uphold this sacred right, and for people to defend the forth pillar of democracy, the media, from attacks on their independence.
The United Nations has chosen "Critical Minds for Critical Times: Media's role in advancing peaceful, just and inclusive societies" as the theme of this year's World Press Freedom Day. In times that independent media is under attack, all around the globe, it is more important than ever to remember the principles by which journalists are bound and the invaluable service they offer communities. Sri Lankan journalist Lasantha Wickrematunghe, who was assassinated in 2009, described free media as "a mirror in which the public can see itself sans mascara and styling gel", adding: "From [them] you learn the state of your nation, and especially its management by the people you elected to give your children a better future".*
On their part, journalists and media, without whom truth could be long lost in the world of politics and corruption, owe their loyalty to the people. Honesty, impartiality, professional ethics, and a responsibility to provide verified and reliable information are inseparable elements of journalism. There are many who tirelessly work and offer balanced and fair news to the public, abiding by the principles. It is this day that we thank them as citizens who rely on their conscious to know the reality of our world. Read more →
Opinions & Statements	freedom of expression, media freedom, World Press Freedom Day
Suhakam wants UN treaty on civil, political rights ratified
Suhakam chairman Tan Sri Razali Ismail said in a statement today in conjunction with World Press Freedom Day that the right to exercise freedom of expression and opinion was imperative for the holistic development of an individual and it was the foundation of every democratic society. — Picture by Saw Siow Feng for the MMO.
KUALA LUMPUR, May 3 — The National Human Rights Commission (Suhakam) called today for Malaysia to accede to the United Nations' International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
Suhakam chairman Tan Sri Razali Ismail said in a statement today in conjunction with World Press Freedom Day that the right to exercise freedom of expression and opinion was imperative for the holistic development of an individual and it was the foundation of every democratic society.
"Suhakam has always regarded the media as an essential instrument that has the potential to contribute immensely to the promotion and protection of human rights.
"The media does not only act as a conveyor of information but it also, either intentionally or indirectly, shapes public perception and opinion," he said.
Razali noted that Article 19 of the ICCPR provides that everyone has the right "to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice". Read more →
Human Rights & Wrongs	International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), media freedom, Suhakam - Human Rights Commission of Malaysia, World Press Freedom Day
Malaysians need access to free and fair media — Bersih Statement
Dated 3 May 2017
On World Press Freedom Day today, BERSIH 2.0 would like to remind all Malaysians of the need to speak up for and defend this important freedom without which we would not be able to hold the powerful to account, expose corruption and resolve social issues.
Media freedom is not the freedom to report lies, as frequently alleged by certain critics with vested interests against it. Media freedom is the freedom of journalists to do their job well by upholding the principles and practice of good journalism.[1]
Specifically, it is the freedom of journalists to:
fulfil their first obligation, which is to the truth, and their first loyalty, which is to the citizen
adhere to a discipline of verification, which requires freedom of expression and information
maintain an independence from those they cover
serve as an independent monitor of power
provide a forum for public criticism and compromise
strive to keep the significant interesting and relevant
keep the news comprehensive and proportional
exercise their personal conscience.
Bahasa, Opinions & Statements	Bersih 2.0, World Press Freedom Day


Chop the fried bacon into bits and set aside. Saute the garlic in a tablespoon or two of the bacon fat (or use olive oil). Chop the arugula into 1-inch pieces, then add to the garlic and saute until just wilted (about 2 minutes). Add the cream and stir to heat, then stir in the bacon. Meanwhile, in a large pot of boiling water, cook the pasta until just tender. Spoon the sauce over the fettucine and serve hot, with grated cheese.


Within about a half hour's drive from Harrold there is an amazing wealth of entertainment and cultural events and facilities. The local area boasts more than twenty local museums and art galleries. Some of these preserve, not only local, but national heritage, such as those found at Bletchley Park and at The Bunyan Museum.
Military and social history display, dating from 1500 onwards, in a manor house set in Northampton's finest park. The house was once the home of Shakespeare's granddaughter.
Home of the codebreakers, Bletchley Park is a place of exceptional historical importance. It played a major role in WWII, producing intelligence which had a profound influence on the conflict.
The home and garden of the poet William Cowper, including the summer-house where he met his neighbour, the preacher and former slave trader John Newton, author of the hymn Amazing Grace.
Elstow Moot Hall is a picturesque 15th century building of brick and timber which now houses a museum of 17th century life with a focus on the life and career of John Bunyan.
The Bunyan Meeting House was founded in 1650 during the time of Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate. Today it includes a museum presenting the life, times and works of John Bunyan.
Explore Kettering's history at the Manor House Museum. Temporary exhibitions, regular activities, and a 'hands-on' approach to history, make this a lively and vibrant place to visit.
Kettering has its own centrally-located art gallery, housing a rich collection of paintings, ranging from 19th-century works to 21st century works, by contemporary artists.
There has been a mill on the site of Bromham Mill since before the Domesday survey in 1086. The Mill once again grinds flour and visitors can once again watch flour milling at close quarters.
The museum contains permanent exhibitions of a shoe worker's cottage at the turn of the century, a lace case and corner shop. There is also an exhibition of Earls Barton footwear manufacture.
The Higgins Bedford unites on one site three previous cultural venues : Cecil Higgins Art Gallery, Bedford Museum and Bedford Gallery. The buildings themselves date back 200 years and have their own rich history.
The Military Intelligence Museum displays key elements of the history of British Military Intelligence from the Boer War forwards. The central Collection in the Museum is the Intelligence Corps Collection.


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2010 Mercedes-Benz E-Class 4Matic Test Drive: Sedan and Wagon Gain All-Wheel-Drive Traction
The fourth-generation 4Matic system arrives just in time for the winter months, and we traveled to snowy Hochgurgl atop the Austrian Alps to test Mercedes-Benz's latest rain-, ice- and snow-ready sedan and wagon.
By Basem Wasef
HOCHGURGL, AUSTRIA--Mercedes-Benz has already sold more than 100,000 of its 2010 E-Class sedans since they debuted earlier this year, but its midsize lineup is incomplete without all-wheel-drive options for cold-weather dwellers. The fourth-generation 4Matic system arrives just in time for the winter months, and we traveled to snowy Hochgurgl atop the Austrian Alps to test Mercedes-Benz's latest rain-, ice- and snow-ready sedan and wagon.
Mercedes-Benz's 4Matic technology first appeared in 1985 on the Series 124 E-Class, and evolutionary improvements to the latest versions supersede the third-gen system, which dates back to 2003.
Adding 50 to 70 kilograms (110 to 154 pounds) of weight to the chassis of equivalent two-wheel-drive models, the 4Matic is a permanent all-wheel-drive system that biases 45 percent of torque to the front wheels and 55 percent toward the rear. As with prior iterations, the front wheels are driven via an integrated transfer case, which positions the prop shaft just below the crankshaft. This setup features a limited-slip center differential, which can vary the fore and aft torque split between 30 and 70 percent. When additional traction is required, the car's electronic aids--ESP, 4ETS, and ASR--step in to restore stability, traction and accelerative grip, respectively.
Airmatic air suspension offers up to 20 mm of lift for improved clearance at the touch of a button, and servo valves within the shocks monitor body acceleration and adjust jounce and rebound accordingly, changing damping in as little as 10 milliseconds.
The current-generation 4Matic system incorporates an aluminum transmission case, which replaces the previous generation's magnesium unit to better accommodate bending frequencies. A new multiplate clutch--which Mercedes engineers refer to as lamellensperre--regulates slip when driving off the line on slick roads, aiding power delivery by minimizing tire spin.
Lighter, more compact and more fuel-efficient than previous versions, the 4Matic system is available as a $2500 option on the E350 sedan, or as an order-only item on the E550 sedan. An E350 4Matic wagon will be available in June 2010.
When we sampled the new E-Class in Spain earlier this year, we were greeted with spring weather conditions. But not this time: Arriving in the snow-covered Austrian Alps, 7000 feet above sea level, we faced packed powder with patches of ice, and even a few specifically groomed spots designed to challenge the car's road-holding capabilities.
The driver's seat of the E350 features everything you've come to expect from Mercedes-Benz's volume seller. The heated seats are luxurious, and the redesigned interior offers sharp lines with available surface treatments including real metal trim, and matte or glossy wood options. Pull the steering-wheel-mounted stalk into the "D" position and the E-Class accelerates on snowy surfaces without drama, thanks in part to the original-equipment Continental winter tires. But intentionally overdrive the slalom as we did, and the aforementioned electronic aids reign in the forces of chaos, keeping the car on the intended course--at least as much as the laws of physics permit.
The relatively benign nature of the 45/55 torque split becomes evident during abrupt direction changes, though disabling the ESP (by holding down a dashboard button) allows for more dramatic right-pedal-induced power slides and understeer-busting momentum changes. When yaw angles approach the point of no return (or if you lose your nerve by hitting the brakes), the system steps in again.
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2010 Mercedes-Benz E-Class 4Matic Test Drive Photo Gallery
+ CLICK PHOTOS TO ENLARGE
Warm-climate dwellers may have difficulty comprehending the rationale behind propelling all four wheels, but there's a reason why Mercedes-Benz's 4Matics have become a fixture in well-heeled neighborhoods that encounter inclement weather.
Though a small slew of electronic acronyms will intervene for optimum stability, 4Matic's primarily mechanical setup ensures a minimum of lag time in adjusting to changes in traction. In our age of ever-accelerating technological whiz-bang, it's reassuring to see that Mercedes-Benz sticks to its time-tested underpinnings. There's certainly no shortage of techy gizmos aboard the latest E-Class, but these all-wheel-drive iterations get you from a slippery point A to point B with a solid dose of security.
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At site of Ethiopian plane crash, a pilgrimage of grief
A family member reacts at the scene where the Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 737 Max 8 plane crashed shortly after takeoff on Sunday killing all 157 on board, near Bishoftu, south of Addis Ababa, in Ethiopia Wednesday, March 13, 2019. The ... more >
By YIDNEK KIRUBEL and CARA ANNA - Associated Press - Wednesday, March 13, 2019
HEJERE, Ethiopia (AP) - In Ethiopia, an ancient land of pilgrimage, people are making a grim, new journey of grief.
One by one, friends and families of the 157 people killed on Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 came to the crash site Wednesday with quiet offerings to the dead.
Photographs. Heartfelt notes. Bouquets.
They were placed under a makeshift, bright green floral arch, in striking contrast to the arid land. White roses were plucked from a bucket and placed in a slender frame that wavered in the wind.
Some of the relatives staggered with sorrow.
One man was supported by others as he cried out. They sought footing on the freshly churned and blackened landscape.
Others stood in silence: the security forces in camouflage blue, the searchers in face masks, the diplomats in polished shoes.
"We owe it to the families to understand what happened," said British Ambassador Alastair McPhail, who represented nine of his countrymen among the victims.
The dead came from 35 countries. Around the world, relatives numb with grief began a bewildering journey to the site outside Ethiopia's capital, Addis Ababa.
Farmers, some with their cattle, witnessed the plane going down. When they hurried to the smoking ground, they found little there .
A pilot, Solomon Gizaw, was among the first to see the crash site from above. He said it appeared as though the plane had slipped right into the earth.
Ethiopian Airlines CEO Tewolde Gebremariam said the same, noting that the aircraft was "totally sunken under the ground."
Yellow tape rings the scene. Onlookers watch at the edge, while close relatives have the heartbreaking right to go inside. Some carry armfuls of flowers.
"We want to go there often and make offerings," said Dawit Gebremichael, who lost his sister.
A few have visited the site with little fanfare. As the world first learned about the crash on Sunday, Ethiopia's young new Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed went to bear witness and grieve.
Ethiopia is lined with footpaths to ancient churches and other places of reflection. Now it is Africa's aviation hub, with jet contrails streaking across the sky.
The public pilgrimage to the crash site began with Tewolde. He stood alone in the gaping crater, holding a piece of wreckage, in an image that swiftly made its way around the world.
Investigators have now arrived in a multinational inquiry into the crash.
New arrivals Wednesday included Indonesia's recently appointed ambassador, who told reporters he had arrived in the country only a day earlier. He mourned one of his countrymen.
Chinese aviation experts at the site paused and made a modest offering to the victims: incense, fruit and pieces of Ethiopian bread known as injera.
They bowed in unison and resumed their work.
Follow Africa news at https://twitter.com/AP_Africa


At Philadelphia Studio Ballet, we care greatly for our students and want to preserve a nurturing, positive, and professional environment. For that reason, we have the following rules in place.
Be on time. Better yet, be early. Remain in the studio for the entire class. If you must leave early, ask your teacher's permission in advance.
No sitting or hanging on the bars.
The use of cellphones during classes and rehearsals is not permitted. If you must contact a parent, please ask for permission from your teacher.
You're in close proximity to others; clean clothes, aired out shoes and deodorant are all appreciated.
No talking, even whispering. Not only is it disrespectful but it is unprofessional.
Chewing gum, eating, and drinking (excluding water) is not permitted in the studios.
Always thank your teacher at the end of class.
Children should be picked up immediately following the end of class.
For children and parents: do not enter a studio if music is playing. Wait outside until it is quiet before entering.
Regular attendance is critical to the development of each student. A dancer's commitment to class and physical conditioning is the foundation of professional work.
Children are expected to arrive on time for class. If you are late, please wait at the door of the studio until the teacher invites you in. Students who arrive too late to participate in crucial warm-ups at the barre will not be allowed to take class. Please note, this policy protects students from physical injury.
If you must miss a class, please call the Studio to let us know. A class may be made up at an equal level or one level below by appointment. Refunds are not given for missed classes.
A recommendation for the appropriate division based on a student's prior experience will be made at the time of registration. Many factors contribute to the progress of dancers. Emotional maturity, physical development, comprehension, and body strength should be cultivated and nurtured allowing young dancers the discipline necessary to apply their natural talents. As these factors vary from individual to individual, young dancers may progress at differing rates. Many students require more than one year of study in a specific level. Students do not automatically advance to the next level each year and it is not unusual to remain in a level for two or more years where dancers can progress at a pace appropriate for them. Careful monitoring by the faculty may contribute to a change in a student's level when appropriate. PSB POSITIONS STUDENTS ACCORDING TO SKILL LEVEL, REGARDLESS OF AGE.
The first week of class will be used as a placement week and, at the instructor's discretion, a child may be moved if the teacher feels that the assigned level is not appropriate. We do understand that many of the children enjoy class with friends; however, we greatly appreciate your cooperation if another class selection is recommended.
We strongly recommend that all students in the Pre-Professional Division take a minimum of two classes weekly, particularly those students studying pointe.
PSB reserves the right to cancel any class that does not meet minimum enrollment requirements.