Profit & Loss, February 2013 – David Mercer, CEO of the firm, wants LMAX Exchange to be seen differently. He is keen to stress that it is not an ECN – it is a regulated multilateral trading facility (MTF) that supports the trading of spot foreign exchange – and that its technology provides it with a real differentiator when potential clients are selecting their trading venue.
The last five years have seen LMAX travel a somewhat rocky road, with a genesis in 2007 from the Betfair – retail client-toretail client – model, which struggled from the start, through a relaunch in mid-late 2011, to a management buyout in late 2012 as Betfair's board decided it wanted to rationalise its business. In 2010, Goldman Sachs took a minority stake in the company, but as it struggled to build liquidity and volumes, senior members of the management team, including CEO Robin Osmond, left the company. Goldman sold its investment in LMAX Exchange in late 2011.
Mercer joined the firm in April 2011 with the task of analysing what was going wrong and in September/October 2011, what he calls "the real re-launch" occurred.
Since then times have been good, it seems. "We studied the business and it was apparent that the client base needed tweaking," he explains. "We tweaked the client segments we were going after, from the true end-user retail client, to the retail brokers that serviced them.
"Volumes since have been growing healthily – and I know we are coming from almost a zero base, but they are still heartening," he adds.
Six months after the re-launch, Mercer says average daily volumes were in the one-to-two billion per day range, at the tail end of 2012 they were closer to five billion per day on a single count basis. By any standards, that growth sits well alongside an industry that appears to be seeing declining volumes, or at very best (with one or two exceptions) flat volume profiles. It is against this background that LMAX Exchange was sold to members of its management team by Betfair for £2.4 million. The deal, which was ratified by the UK's Financial Services Authority (FSA) in mid-January, results in Betfair retaining a 33% stake in the company. The sale is part of a strategy by Betfair to cut costs, sell off non-gambling assets and focus on 'core business investments' under new chief executive, Breon Corcoran. The transaction has been under discussion for several months, LMAX officials say.
The 67% management buyout has been led by Mercer and is backed by private investors including Betfair co-founder Ed Wray. Mercer says the transaction is a positive milestone for LMAX, which is 16 months into a fully funded three-year business plan.
"LMAX Exchange has clearly benefited from being part of the Betfair group. However, our new status as an employee-owned company gives the business the required flexibility to rapidly grow and evolve," he says.
Whilst he believes there is room for more entrants in the multidealer platform industry, Mercer is adamant they "cannot just be a different flavour of ECN". Indeed he remains a passionate advocate of the exchange model, where, as he terms it, "the price you see is the price you get". This means no 'last look', a feature still enabled on some ECNs, but not all. "I think last look will disappear from the market at some stage," he says. "Rejection rates are becoming a bigger and bigger issue for customers, and that makes last look unattractive as a model.
The test of its ability to cope with HFT and other segments will come – Mercer admits that currently there are no customers on the platform that would meet the HFT description – but he remains confident that the technology will withstand the test. He also believes it offers something different. "The LMAX Exchange Disruptor technology cuts down queues and has enabled us to trim round trip times – we have worked out a smart way of doing this and our general members seem to like it," he says.
Part of the technology proposition is based upon Open Source, which promotes transparency and the sharing of technology expertise, and is supported as a concept by, among other institutions, Deutsche Bank. "We are a registered MTF so we have to be transparent about our rules and technology, and Open Source is a part of that," explains Mercer. "This transparency and the knowledge that we are operating at the top end of the pyramid helps us win people to our proposition, be they customers or tech staff.
'Techies' are the new rock stars of the business world, just as dealers were years ago. There is huge demand for their services so to employ the best you have to demonstrate you can satisfy their demands.
LMAX Exchange could also have the advantage of being ahead of the game in terms of its core relationships. At a time when more and more people are moving, or planning a move, out of the retail FX space into the technology for retail broker space, LMAX has been there for 18 months, having started as a retail-orientated platform, but switching tracks 18 months ago to target the retail brokers.
By sitting between the retail brokers and the ECNs, LMAX, as a provider of an exchange-type venue to retail brokers and aggregators, appears to be first into a niche; however, competition is coming, especially from retail brokers moving out of the US to avoid the stringent local regulations surrounding retail FX brokerage.
A paradox of its model is that while it is an exchange-style trading venue which matches orders, the nine general members, or liquidity providers (Mercer says three more are in the process of signing up), cannot hit each others' prices although they can see them. "If you want to offer great pricing and deep liquidity you have to have happy liquidity providers which means you have to offer them the right environment to operate in," Mercer says. "If our customers wanted a venue on which liquidity providers would deal with each other, we are happy to provide it, but at the moment the demand isn't there.
It could be the impact of regulation, it could be a more realistic attitude from the banking industry, or indeed it could be that the banks have caught up in technology terms, but either way, there is no escaping the notion that the LMAX Exchange model is building momentum where others could not.
The idea of an OTC exchange mechanism is not new of course, for around the time the initial LMAX model was launched, FXMarketSpace, the joint venture between CME Group and Reuters went live, and was shut down after only 18 months of business through a failure to build volumes or validate the model. Although he has no opinion on FXMS, Mercer does think the time is ripe for an OTC exchange model. "I think a blend of the new regulations, which have raised the profile of exchange trading, the advance of technology and the fact we have a specific business model have made our model more acceptable than it could have been in the past," he suggests. "Five years ago the FX industry was happy with what it had, the technology wasn't there to advance the model, so if we had gone to people and said 'we are going to set up a regulated, exchange-style, venue' they would have smiled politely and declined.
"The big difference for us, is that our model works for our targeted segment, it makes it much easier to capture that flow, and that is of value to liquidity providers especially." Looking ahead, Mercer believes that "if" the regulations are pushed towards spot FX, LMAX Exchange is "well placed to benefit from that"; however, he strongly opposes such a move. "I think it would be silly to clear spot FX. We are proponents of exchange-style trading, not centrally cleared markets, at least not spot FX," he says. "The prime brokerage model works well and I don't see any reason why the regulators should mess with it." In terms of the keys to success, he stresses scalability and stability. "We have not had a second of downtime in market hours for a year – and that includes the period spent switching from GS2 to LD4 to be with the majority of FX players," he says. "Our technology also gives us tremendous scale and our business model is simple. We run a simple OTC exchange executing spot FX, where the price you see is the price you get. We run matching technology very well and that model works best in deep, liquid markets.
"We've built real momentum and traction over the past 18 months and we will continue on that track. We have improved the breadth of products we offer, enhanced the technology platform and moved to a new data centre, which gives us 10 times more scale than before, and we have built up a distribution network, which is where the traction has started to come from," Mercer explains.
He continues, "In 12 to 18 months' time we will look to extend our geographic coverage and market segments. We are seeing traction from the Asia Pacific region and from retail brokers and money managers. If Asia Pacific becomes more important to us, then as part of our growth capital we will look at having a presence or running an exchange there. Likewise, North America with its Dodd-Frank and swap execution facility regulations is a huge opportunity for us as an MTF. At present we cover the retail and institutional space, but there are other segments that we will look at in the future.
"We have a clear strategy and roadmap to build LMAX Exchange into a leading FX venue globally in three to five years," he adds.


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Jordi Alba voted as "best left back" of 2022
2022 was tough for Barcelona, as they went trophyless for the third time in four calendar years. They finished 13 points behind rivals Real Madrid in La Liga, as Los Blancos won four titles by comparison, which included the Champions League.
Despite a poor year for the club itself, there was one man who could be proud of his performances in 2022. Jordi Alba has been a staple of the Barcelona team since his move from Valencia in 2012. Despite now being 33, he appears to show no signs of slowing down.
Alba's efforts last year were appreciated by Sofascore, who included him in their Team of the Year. The Barca man was the only player from La Liga to be included in the team, despite Real Madrid's successes.
🌍 | Team of the Year
Finally, the best of the best — our highest-rated XI from the top 5 European leagues in 2022! 🤩
Age is clearly just a number for this star-studded team, as seven players here are 30 or older. 💫
Unsurprisingly, Lionel Messi is our Player of the Year. 👑 pic.twitter.com/kAXlGU0OwA
— Sofascore (@SofascoreINT) December 31, 2022
Unsurprisingly, former Barcelona man Lionel Messi was included following his exploits for club and country, having helped Argentina win the World Cup in December.
Alba will hoping to have an equally impressive 2023, although he'd like to have some trophies to show for it.
Tags Barcelona Jordi Alba Sofascore

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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There is no denying magic begins the instant you walk through the gates of Walt Disney World ® but without a little prep and planning before you get to the Orlando theme park you could be missing out on an even more magical vacation. Best of Orlando has compiled a list of five things you should do BEFORE you get to Walt Disney World ® to ensure you get the most out of your visit.
1. Order Magic Bands if staying at a Walt Disney World Resort ® - Worn around your wrist, these bands serve as your theme park tickets, Fastpasses and room key. With just one swipe of your band you can open your room door, charge things and manage many FastPasses without the use of an actual card. It's very magical and very convenient when you don't want to spend your day fumbling around in your purse or wallet for different cards, keys and cash. If you order them at least 10 days before you Walt Disney World Resort stay, you'll be able to customize the color and have your names inscribed on the back of the MagicBands. They'll also be shipped to your home address, so can be ready to go to the parks as soon as you arrive... just don't forget them at home.
2. Do early online Check-In – The most efficient way to check into your Walt Disney World Resort is to do it before you even get there. Guests can check in 60 days before your stay. When you finally do arrive, simply head to the Online Check-In Desk and grab your Welcome Folder and Key to the World card. No waiting in line or standing at the desk, just grab your things and go! And to make checking-out more efficient just look for one of the resort representatives with a tablet device.
3. Reserve your FastPass+ selections – Now you can lock in some of your favorite Disney ® experiences before your visit. Choose from more than double the previous number of experiences and skip the standby queue. Just like early Check-In you have 60 days to reserve your FastPasses prior to hitting the park. And if your plans change, you can update your FastPass+ selections on the go. Guests can experience the new FastPass+ service when you book a stay at select Walt Disney World Resort hotels.
4. Stay Up-to-Date – There's so many seasonal events and limited time activities that Walt Disney World has throughout the year from the Food and Wine Festival to Star Wars Weekends to Marathon Weekends! Try to keep up-to-date on all things Disney before you go. Remember to check your kid's height and review the Disney World Height Requirements, so you don't waste time scheduling FastPass+ entries to rides you won't be able to ride. And, it's also a good idea to take a look at some of the prohibited items you won't be able to bring to the parks. Some are obvious, but other could be less so, so take a look. You wouldn't want to have to return to the car to return the item once you get to the gates or have to turn your shirt inside out. Follow BestofOrlando.com, and we'll keep you in the know.
5. Consider the Photo package - Capture your magical experiences throughout your Disney vacation with the Disney PhotoPass Service. For just $150 guests will be able to snap as many Disney PhotoPass pictures as you want with a Disney PhotoPass photographer, including all ride photos. Then you'll be able to claim your photos via an online account you recreate before or after your vacation. You'll then be able to go online to view and edit all photos!


The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) has provides the standard for resuscitation guidelines and training in Europe and beyond. Comprising 33 National Resuscitation Councils. The ERC also supports and initiates scientific studies related to resuscitation. Resuscitation is the official journal of the ERC. The ERC produces Guidelines that are the standard for resuscitation practice and training in and beyond Europe.
The UK Resuscitation council develops and publishes evidence-based resuscitation guidelines to set out the interventions and practices that are most likely to achieve successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest. These guidelines are intended for all healthcare professionals, first-aid organisations and lay people.
Emergency First Response is an internationally accedpted First Aid Training organisation. The course has been specifically tailored to ensure it meet the UK requirements for HSE First aid at work accreditation.
The Health and Safety Executive gives basic guidance for UK businesses to ensure you provide appropriate training & equipment for meet your first aid obligations. In doing so you will be providing for your employees & considering those who visit your business too!


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Gender equality: "Ask your doctor": debate about drug advertising
Federal Minister of Health Karl Lauterbach has responded with approval to the initiative by associations for gender-compliant formulations on the package inserts for medicinal products.
Federal Minister of Health Karl Lauterbach has responded with approval to the initiative by associations for gender-compliant formulations on the package inserts for medicinal products. "I would be very much in favor of women doctors being specifically named. It corresponds to the reality of care," said the SPD politician to the "Bild" newspaper.
The President of the German Medical Association, Klaus Reinhardt, had previously advocated reformulating the legally required notice "Ask your doctor or pharmacist" in drug advertising. "The legally prescribed wording is no longer up to date," Reinhardt told the editorial network Germany (RND).
"Purely male language use by no means fair language practice"
He emphasized that around half of the medical profession is female. Almost 90 percent of the employees in public pharmacies are women, said the President of the Federal Union of German Pharmacists' Associations (ABDA), Gabriele Regina Overwiening. "A purely male use of language can by no means be regarded as fair language practice," she criticized.
The wording "For risks and side effects, read the leaflet and ask your doctor or pharmacist" is prescribed in the Medicines Act. "The mandatory text should be replaced by a neutral yet easily understandable wording," Reinhardt demanded. The President of the German Medical Association, Christiane Groß, suggested adding "...or ask your doctor's practice or pharmacy" instead of the male professional titles.
1 At least 47 dead in US from 'Snowstorm of the... 2 Healthcare system: Clinics: Hospital company fears... 3 Healthcare system: Clinics: Hospital company fears... 4 Inflation: gloomy mood for citizens, companies: "tighten... 5 Inflation: gloomy mood for citizens, companies: "tighten... 6 Defense alliance: Lavrov: Ukraine wants to draw NATO... 7 Parties: Ampel rejects Merz's criticism of German... 8 Defense alliance: Lavrov: Ukraine wants to draw NATO... 9 Parties: Ampel rejects Merz's criticism of German... 10 Pandemic: Kubicki against corona measures - Dahmen...
At least 47 dead in US from 'Snowstorm of the...


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Dithering Labour leadership shows they're not fit for office
Following a Labour Shadow Cabinet member's appearance on Sky's Sophie Ridge show, Wendy Taylor, Liberal Democrats parliamentary candidate for Newcastle East said:
"The fact Rebecca Long-Bailey refused to say where Labour would stand in a people's vote on Sunday only goes to show the Labour leadership are not fit for office.
"It is beyond outrageous that almost three and a half years on from the referendum the Labour Party leadership will not be honest with the British public about where they stand. Time and time again Labour have tried to pull the wool over the electorate's eyes as they dither as a result of the schisms within their party.
"The Liberal Democrats couldn't be clearer: we want to stop Brexit as we believe the best deal we can get is the one we already have a members of the EU. In this election the Liberal Democrats will give the public the opportunity to stop Brexit and build a brighter future.
"If the Labour Party cannot be clear with the public about what they're offering, they should make way for those who can."


The iPhone is an amazing device! It can do almost everything that is done on a computer. Kids today who have iPhones spend lots of time downloading and playing apps, surfing the internet, posting to social networks, and texting their friends. With all of the activities that children and teenagers can do on the iPhone, parents are more concerned than ever about their activities. iPhone Sheriff is an amazing app that monitors and restricts all activity on an iPhone.
Photos - View photos taken and save them to your computer.
Text Messages - View text messages/iMessages sent and received.
Gps Locations - View location of last backup with a dedicated map.
Contacts - View your child's contact numbers saved on the device.
Safari Bookmarks - View your child's Safari bookmarks with link to website.
Notes - See your child's notes saved on the Apple device.
Account Details - Shows the account details associated with the device.
Now that you have given your child an iPhone, you want to be sure to know who is communicating with her. Apple's free iMessage service will allow her to send and receive text, photos, and videos to and from other Apple devices and computers. It will also allow her to share her map locations through the service. That is why you need PhoneSheriff parental monitoring. It records all iMessages sent and received including the date/time and contact name. With PhoneSheriff installed, you will know if a problem occurs and be ready to take action if it does.
One way for parents to oversee what their children are doing is to use parental monitoring software. When it comes to monitoring an iPhone, there is no software that is better than PhoneSheriff. When you install PhoneSheriff onto the iPhone, it records the user's activities and sends the data on your private account that you can access online from anywhere.
Photos Taken on the iPhone - More and more teens are taking explicit photos and videos of themselves and sending them to their friends' mobile phones. Once sent, the photos can easily become publicly shared with others. This could prove to be embarrassing or even worse, attract the attention of online predators and stalkers who may try to contact your child. Parents looking to make sure their kids are not taking inappropriate photos need PhoneSheriff parental monitoring software. Once installed onto the iPhone, it records all photos and videos taken and sends the data to the online control panel.


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The 1881 Troy Trojans finished in 5th place in the National League with a 39–45 record.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

References
1881 Troy Trojans season at Baseball Reference

Troy Trojans (MLB team) seasons
Troy Trojans season
Troy Trojans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Your Favorite Beer May Be Hard To Find In Philly Region As Teamsters Local 830 Striking For Better Wages
June 20, 2022 / 2:35 PM / CBS Philadelphia
PHILADELPHIA (CBS) -- It could be tougher to get your favorite beer in the next few weeks. That's because the people who get the beer to stores, Teamsters Local 830 union in Northeast Philadelphia are on strike.
Employees with Origlio, Muller, and Penn Distributors spent Sunday on the picket lines. They are demanding better wages. They serve Philadelphia, Montgomery, Delaware, Chester, and Bucks Counties and on Saturday, voted 308-to-40 to go on strike.
Local 830 workers strike
CBS3 was at Muller, Inc. in Northeast Philly where workers from 3 beer distributors are on strike. They are major suppliers for the Philadelphia region and this strike could lead to a low supply of your favorite beer just two weeks before the July Fourth holiday, one of the busiest weekends of the summer. Find out more ➡ https://cbsloc.al/3xAJso9
Posted by CBS Philly on Monday, June 20, 2022
"The hardworking members of Teamsters Local 830 have had enough. The last contract proposal put forth by the Delaware Valley Importers Distribution Association was, quite frankly, insulting," Teamsters Local 830 Secretary-Treasurer Daniel H. Grace said. "Compensation is always an issue, but what's particularly problematic is the beverage companies' proposed hours of work for our members - 12-hour shifts for five or six consecutive days. That's excessive. The beverage companies know that our members are the driving force behind their operations and success, yet they think they can treat us like second-class citizens. We won't stand for it."
The three distributors carry most of the popular national beer brands, as well as popular seltzers.
Get your ???? now when you can. Employees at Origlio, Muller & Penn distributors are on strike. They serve Philly, Montco, Delco Chester & Bucks @CBSPhilly pic.twitter.com/dHsFJwcodU
— Steve Lindsay (@SteveLindsayCBS) June 18, 2022
Grace pointed out that this strike comes within two weeks of the July 4th holiday, which she says is one of the "most lucrative times of the calendar year for the beverage industry."
"It'd be a shame if the beverage shelves of grocery stores, convenience stores and beer distributors are empty for the three-day July 4th weekend," Grace said. "The Delaware Valley Importers Distribution Association can end this impasse quickly by giving our members a fair contract, one that accounts for the runaway inflation in America and quality of life issues. Until then, however, we'll remain on strike. Our resolve and solidarity are unshakable."
Picket lines went up Sunday, June 19, and will remain until the contractual dispute is settled.
First published on June 20, 2022 / 2:35 PM


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Q: How to handle seasonal items in NetSuite My organization sells outdoor equipment (tents, sleeping bags, etc.) and is hitting a roadblock with how to handle seasonal items in NetSuite. We are in the process of standing up Centric as a PLM system for our Product team, which has a product hierarchy starting with the season (for example - you start with 2022, select your product category, then select your product). In NetSuite, all of our products are currently set up as non-matrix inventory items, and we have fields appended with "Next Season" or "Season After Next" to attempt to have all the relevant data on the item record. We are running into a multitude of issues as our business continues to grow, and are working to redefine our item structure.
The tricky bits - our Sales department would like to have products that are "the same" year to year share a SKU so that our retailers can track them as the same inventory. However, these products are not the same year to year from a manufacturing or costing standpoint (we may shift factories, or have material components pricing change which changes our landed cost). From my research, there is no good way around this. We investigated matrix items as a possible solution, but they don't quite fit the need.
Has anyone come across a reasonable solution for something like this? We need a way to either have seasonal (essentially time-series) item data on one item record, or to have multiple item records (one for each season) that share a SKU and can be rolled into reports and inventory calculations as if they were one item.
Any help or ideas here would be greatly appreciated! Cheers!

A: An approach that could work is to use Assembly Items.
The things that can make this work:

*

*you can receive assemblies into inventory as though they were inventory items.

*you can have an assembly that has only one component

*you can create and sell multiple revisions of an assembly simultaneously.

So you define an assembly with sku X
It has a single sku A from manufacturer B Even initially you might give it a revision of Spring2022
sku A would be a inventory item but you might never have any in stock.
The next bit here is vague because it depends on your PO management process and what automations you have there but you either:

*

*order sku A; receive MN of them and have a script that autobuilds N sku X rev or

*N sku X rev Spring2022 from vendor B and receive those into inventory.

next season sku X gets a new revision, Summer2022, where sku A is retired and new component sku B is added. You can still fulfill rev Spring 2022 until you are out and then start fufilling rev Summer 2022.
Your costs roll up from you components; your skus stay stable. You have an easy path to clearing old inventory.
In order to track the quantities you have of each revision you would probably need to also set these up as lot numbered assemblies. You could tie the revision to a lot number and automations could help minimize the number of clicks needed to coordinate.
One recommendation is to do whatever you do in a sandbox account. There can be a lot of details to these changes and you might find your self tearing this all apart a couple of times until you are tracking costs the way you want to.

A: Another approach that could work would be to set your items up to be sourced from multiple vendors. The vendor's purchasing details are then available as sublists on the item and you can place POs for each using each vendor's name for the item. Your main sku still stays stable and you could track per vendor stock levels using lot numbers similar to the assembly idea.
This is a simpler approach but with assembly revisions you have the revision drop-down that could be used to automatically set the batch number. Skipping having to open the Inventory detail dialog would be more work to automate if that becomes important.
To turn this on:

*

*go to Setup -> Company -> Enable Features then

*select Items and Inventory tab

*check Multiple Vendors

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The two titans of the British art world, the National Gallery and the Tate, have finally edged towards a truce after four years of disagreement about where the cut-off between their collections should be.
The armistice comes just days before the opening of the National Gallery's latest blockbuster, devoted to Picasso - an artist whose natural territory is, arguably, Tate Modern rather the National Gallery.
A 1996 agreement, stating that the dividing line between the collections should be at 1900, lapsed in 2007 and has only just been reaffirmed, despite discussions within and between the galleries since at least late 2005.
Broadly, Tate Modern covers international art from 1900, the National Gallery houses international art to 1900, and Tate Britain is the custodian of British art from 1500 to the present day.
But the National Gallery has been challenging this strict boundary in recent years. Last March, its then new director, Nicholas Penny, noted publicly that "the National Gallery was built to house contemporary art". In September, he was quoted as saying: "The idea is not to have an agreement. We are not happy with 1900 as a final, absolute point of the end of the National Gallery."
Even before Penny was appointed, the National Gallery is understood to have been unhappy with 1900 as the endpoint of its collections.
In practice it has been developing its involvement with modern and contemporary art, with a high-profile artist-in-residence scheme. In November, it will temporarily install Hoerengracht (1984-88), by Ed and Nancy Kienholz, a walk-in installation that recreates the "whores' canal" of Amsterdam's red light district. It is intended to cast light on the gallery's 17th-century Dutch paintings, many of which show scenes from the demimonde.
The cut-off has practical implications, with the galleries exchanging works that sit on the "wrong" side of the line on long-term loan. Fifty works belonging to the Tate are in the National Gallery, while only three works belonging to the National Gallery are in the Tate (a Matisse, a Monet and a Picasso, the last now back in the National Gallery for the Picasso exhibition).
A minute from a 2005 Tate trustee meeting records Nicholas Serota, the director of Tate, as noting "the agreement [is] not in Tate's favour in the short term because it [means] that 50 paintings were loaned to the National Gallery".
The original agreement was signed as the decision to create Tate Modern was made. A statement dating from 1996 stated: "The decision to create [Tate Modern] has provided a fresh opportunity to reassess the distribution of works between the ... galleries. Major artists whose work straddles the turn of the century will continue to be shown to their best advantage across the whole range of their career where possible by the respective galleries."
A Tate trustees' report of November 2005 also explained that the agreement was made, "because the national collection of European painting covering the period 1875 to 1910 was divided between the two institutions in a way that left neither with a very satisfactory representation".
The latest agreement was not made available to the Guardian, and Penny and Serota declined to comment. However, it is understood that it affirms the same principles as those laid out in 1996. There are provisos to the "1900 rule": the Tate recognises that the National Gallery may wish to acquire 20th-century works by artists usually associated with the 19th (eg Cézanne, Monet and Renoir) - and vice versa. The institutions need not confine exhibitions to the period of their collections. Both agree not to seek bequests outside their basic timeframes.
The National Gallery and the Tate have had cause to work together in the recent past on one of the most important artistic bequests ever made to the nation - the £100m Sainsbury bequest of 18 works left to both institutions in 2007. The paintings were shown at Tate Britain last year before being distributed between the galleries.
From 25 February until 7 June: Picasso: Challenging the Past. The modern master's dialogue with the old masters.
Until 17 May: Rodchenko and Popova. The twin heroes of Russian constructivism.
From 13 October until 5 April 2010: Miroslaw Balka. The Polish artist is the latest figure to take on the challenge of the Turbine Hall.
Until 17 May: Van Dyck and Britain. The portraitist who was tantamount to Charles I's spin doctor.
From 23 September 23 until 24 January 2010: Turner and the Masters. How the British landscape artist strove to compete with the masters of the Italian Renaissance.


Construction update: Lots of changes will greet concertgoers in 2019, including faster entry and concessions sales, new restrooms and merchandise area and improved sound. Take a photo and video tour.
Concertgoers who marveled last year at some of the renovations to Frederik Meijer Gardens & Sculpture Park's outdoor amphitheater are sure to do a double take when they see – and hear – the final version of the revamped venue come June.
With an imposing new concessions building that's twice the size of the old one, a completely remodeled and reoriented entry plaza with restrooms for those waiting in line, new acoustic treatments on stage and expanded, plush new green rooms for performers, the 1,900-capacity amphitheater will greet visitors and musicians with a fresh vibe.
"Everything's on time, on schedule," said John VanderHaagen, Meijer Gardens' director of communications, referring to amphitheater renovations that are part of a $115 million park-wide, multi-year expansion of Meijer Gardens.
Local Spins was treated to a first-look tour this week as construction crews work to complete the second and final year of extensive renovations, set to wrap up by the time the first concert fires up on the amphitheater stage in early June.
After developing new permanent sponsor seating and restructuring the upper part of the amphitheater last year, the past off-season of work began immediately after the final concert last September with razing of the old concessions building.
• A redesigned entry plaza with four entry gates for ticketholders (rather than three) to speed up processing. Those waiting in line will also have access to new bathrooms located at one end of the new concessions building. The plaza will also boast two striking new horticultural features.
• A much expanded concessions building that includes new, larger restrooms. The new structure will feature up to 12 serving stations for those purchasing food and beverages (compared to eight previously) as well as expanded digital sales capability (quick-chip technology) to speed up sales transactions. There will also be a canopy over those standing in line. The bigger building also allows food to be created on-site, with more robust menu offerings planned for 2019.
• A new permanent merchandise sales area for bands on one corner of the concessions building, replacing the temporary tent that previously was set up on the concourse.
• Expanded green rooms and restrooms for performers on the lower level of the concessions building where bands and their vehicles also will have access to new, expanded loading areas. "It'll be a nice place for them,'' said Craig Douglass, accountant and administrator for the $115 million "Welcoming the World: Honoring a Legacy of Love" project.
• New acoustic treatments on the stage to eliminate some of the echo and reverberations experienced due to the wall that was constructed at the top of the amphitheater last season to accommodate new sponsor seating. Douglass noted that removal of ivy at the back of the stage during construction last year may have added to the issues. Acoustical contractors did "lots of testing in the off-season" to identify solutions.
VanderHaagen noted amphitheater policies and overall capacity haven't changed in spite of the improvements and restructuring which have created a little bit more elbow room for patrons.
Concert tickets will go on sale to members on April 27 and to the general public on May 11. The full summer lineup will be announced in mid-April.
So far, in a teaser announcement, Meijer Gardens has revealed three shows: Nahko & Medicine for the People on June 6, Rodrigo y Gabriela on June 9 and The Gipsy Kings on July 21. In addition, The Stray Cats have announced separately that they'll be playing Meijer Gardens on Aug. 15.


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Meyer Pilgrimage Part 2 – Basel
Posted by Roger Norling | Aug 5, 2015 | Articles, Fencing Culture, Meyer Articles, Meyer Dagger, Meyer Dusack, Meyer Halben Stangen, Meyer longsword, Meyer Rappier, Research articles, Study Articles | 2 |
Almost exactly a year ago I was lucky enough to be taken on a small journey that has been a long time dream of mine; walking in the footsteps of 16th cent fencing master Joachim Meyer, visiting the city where he spent many years teaching as Fechtmeister; Straßburg. I shared some of the things we believe we know about his life then, in an article entitled 'Meyer Pilgrimage Part 1 – Straßburg'. This year I was very happy to be invited to take on leg 2 of that pilgrimage, to visit the city where Joachim Meyer was born; Basel, and I will here try to expand on what we know about his life with some speculation about his roots. This is far from a definitive article on his life, just another piece in the puzzle and meant to inspire and help further research into Meyer's life, and of course also meant to serve as a small guide to those who would like to make a similar trip.
The historical backdrop
The city of Basel
General Lucius Munatius Plancus, the founder of Basel, raised as a statue in the Rathaus of Basel in 1580
So turning to Basel. In the 16th and 17th century it was a very small town by modern standards, with about 12,000 men and women, and in fact as late as in 1850 still only consisting of some 28,000 inhabitants, and like so many other pre-industrial age cities, it still existed mainly within its old 16th cent city walls. The number of inhabitants fluctuated, sometimes quite dramatically with the commonly returning plagues. However, by contemporary standards it was still a very large city and also an important city for reasons that I will return to later. Basel is said to have been founded by Roman general Lucius Munatius Plancus in 44 B.C. as a military settlement called Augusta Raurica or Colonia Raurica, today two towns called Augst and Kaiseraugst, which was located 10-20km upstreams of the Rhein, east of Basel. The place takes its name from Roman Emperor Augustus and a local Celtic tribe called the Rauraci which was living in the area. It is the oldest known Roman colony on the Rhein and at its peak in the 2nd century AD it was an important trading center with some 20,000 inhabitants and a Roman theatre with near 10,000 seats. The settlement is believed to have included a fortress on the hill where the Münster Cathedral is placed today, overlooking the Rhein, but remains of an even older celtic fortification called Basel Oppidum have also been found on the place. Already in 374 AD a Roman historian named Ammanius Marcellinus names the city Basilia, which would later become Basel.
Roman ruins of Augst, from Sebastian Münster's Cosmographia, 1549
In Meyer's time, the fascination with the Antiquity and the Greeks and Romans was at its peak1 and the Holy Roman Empire claimed heritage straight from the Roman emperors with the elected 'King of the Romans' crowned emperor by the pope2. Meyer too refers to this, how the Roman's lost their way, forgetting about the need for constant practice for war and the Roman Empire consequently torn apart and the Romans replaced by the Germans with the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation:
Moreover no proof is needed that it was the custom with our ancestors and the ancient Germans to raise their youth in knightly practice along with other good arts, since this is self-evident from what they achieved. For once the Romans thought they had conquered the entire world, as an overconfident nation they devoted themselves to sensualities more than to good arts, policy, and knightly practices, and through this the entire empire was undermined, attacked on every side, and torn apart by enemies; and the knightly Germans were appointed and advanced before all peoples to save it, take it over, and erect it again. This would never have happened, were not the excellent Germans wisely trained and experienced in all kinds of knightly play and matters of war…3
-From the dedicatory preface of 'Gründtliche Beschreibung der Freyen Ritterlichen und Adeligen Kunst Des Fechtens' of 1570 as translated by Dr. Jeffrey L. Forgeng
Basel even raised a statue of its founder, the Roman general Lucius Munatius Plancus in 1580, a statue still in the Rathaus of Basel. In Meyer's treatise of 1570 we can also clearly see this fascination expressed. It is quite possible that Meyer had seen parts of the ruins later excavated in the region first-hand and most likely he shared this interest in the ancients.
Rapier fencer in Romanesque armour and 16th cent pluderhosen (Compare to the statue of Gen. Lucius Munatius Plancus above). From Meyer's 1570 treatise
Roman inspiration clearly visible in the three statues, but also in various depictions of armour and architecture.
From Meyer's 1570 treatise.
But I am getting ahead of myself… Let's move back in time again. Following various wars the Bishop's seat was transferred from Augusta to Basel in the 7th century. Then in 1006 AD by decree of Emperor Heinrich II of the Ottonian House the civil power of the Bishop was established in Basel. 74 years later, in 1080 AD the first city walls were built as seen in the image below where what would later become a 2nd set of inner walls and a moat are clearly visible, following what today is called, from west to east, Petersgraben, Leonhardsgraben, Kohlenberg, Steinenberg and St. Albangraben. In 1083 AD the first monastery of Basel, the St. Albankloster is founded and in 1270 AD the church St. Albankirche is built.4
Basel, roughly as it looked like ca 1493, with sizes of buildings magnified based on importance. From the Nuremberg Chronicles.
Skipping ahead a bit, the biggest earthquake in recorded history of Central Europe takes place in Basel in 1356. It is estimated to a 7.1 on the Richter scale. It took place at about 22:00 on Oct 18, St. Lukas Day and the earthquake and the resulting fires in the city killed about 300 people, ruining most of the city and its largely wooden houses, as well as all major churches and castles within a 30km radius of the city. The town is soon rebuilt though, and the building of the Third Town Wall begins in 1362 and is completed in 1398 thus making the city quite well defended, but also distinctly separating the burghers from the peasant population. Some 30 years later, Basel has the attention of the world with the great Council of Basel in 1431-48AD, where the council seeks to reform the Church. Again 40 years later, the University of Basel is formed by Pope Pius II and in 1471, Emperor Friedrich III confers rights for the city to hold two fairs every year, further enhancing the importance of the city.
Basel, from Sebastian Münster's Cosmographia, 1549. Seen from north to south. The house Meyer grew up in is likely visible among the some 30 residential buildings of St. Alban on the left side.
Overview of Basel by Matthäus Merian d.ä, from ca 1640, showing the remains of the inner walls as well as the outer walls, with the semi-rural area of St. Albans inbetween to the east. Layout of the city is very similar to contemporary Frankfurt am Main.
In 1501, then, Basel is accepted into the Swiss Confederation, the precursor of Switzerland. In 1529 Johannes Oekolampad, the German Reformer introduces the Reformation into Basel, after which the Bishop leaves the city. This is important since it likely is part of the foundation of Meyer's religious views and connections, as indicated by the Calvinist dukes and princes he was associated with. With that in mind we will briefly look at how this came to be. Oekolampad, born in Weinsberg, Germany, was a preacher in Basel already in 1515 and a vicar in 1522 in St. Martinskirche, also reading the Holy Scripture at the University of Basel and lecturing in the same. He worked together with other famous early Protestants like Desiderius Erasmus and Huldrych Zwingli and even translated works by Erasmus. He came to be a strong inspiration for later generation protestants like Heinrich Bullinger and John Calvin. John Calvin in turn came to Basel in 1536, trying to escape the violent uprisings against protestants in France. Later the same year he would be invited to the already protestant city Straßburg by Martin Bucer. Calvin preached in many of the churches in Krutenau, the area of Straßburg where Meyer is believed to have lived and in fact, the street outside of the church where Meyer married his wife Appolonia, St. Guillaume Church is today named after him; Rue Cauvin.
Basel in 1615, with north and south inverted. By Matthüs Merian d.Ä.
The Rhein river connects Basel to many cities, and quite importantly to nearby Straßburg which is situated so close it used to be said that you could put soup on a boat in Basel and serve it still hot in Straßburg upon arrival to the city. Gutenberg invented the printing press with movable types there in 1439 thus changing the world and sparking a hugely important business, easing the spread of ideas which came to be hugely important not just for the growing protestantism, but also knowledge transfer in general, including the fighting arts.
The view of Basel and Kleinbasel to the right, from the Münster Cathedral. By Matthäus Merian d.Ä. 1648
Basel soon became a centre for printing of books and with a quickly growing need for it, and also for paper making5, with the first "Swiss" printing press established in Basel in 14686. Various associated trades like wood carving for printing blocks and illustrators like the famous Basel born illustrator Matthäus Merian der Ältere also naturally evolved to respond to this and by Joachim Meyer's time Basel was thus a near two millenia old city that had grown into a centre of education, spreading of information and religious reformation protected by strong city walls and tightly connected to many other cities, not least the protestant, and like Basel, Free Imperial City of Straßburg.
St. Alban & Dalbdych / Dalbeloch
Craftsmen of different trades lived in different parts of the cities. In Basel, the fishermen lived in St. Johanns-Vorstadt, the weavers in the Steinenvorstadt and the sawmill workers likely in Kleinbasel. The area of St. Alban and Dalbedych in Basel is known precisely for the paper making business and that is also where the paper makers lived, although not just people of that trade, as we shall return to shortly. Named after the St. Alban Monastery located here, St. Alban was a semi-rural area all through the 1500s with only about 30 residential buildings and as late as in 1815 only about 2000 men and women lived there7.
The quartier of St Albans, clearly showing the water wheels associated with paper making & book printing, knife, sword & armour making as well as milning. On the right we can also see St. Albankirche, the church where Meyer most likely was baptized. The image also clearly shows the old covered entrance to the church which was removed in 1845 The map has north and east inverted. By Matthäus Merian d.Ä.
There used to be 7 + 9 waterwheels at work in Grosstadt Basel, arranged in sets of 2-3 wheels attached to 6 + 6 buildings, where both papermakers, smiths and others worked. Another two wheels where in use at the saw mills just outside of the north-eastern gate to Kleinbasel. Mills powered by water or wind wheels were commonly placed at the outskirts of the cities, likely due to he risk of dust explosion and possibly also due to the noise associated with the wooden mechanics. The wheels seem to have been powered by the Birs River coming from South and ending east of St. Albans. The Birs and the Birsig River also filled the moat and the latter also functioned as the city sewers. The mills were used by the professions making up the so called "Wasserfünf" (Water Fives); the milners, the armour makers, the sword sharpeners and the cutlers8
The 7 + 9 water wheels connected to 6 + 6 buildings. Building 7, 8 10 and 11 seem to have been connected to the production of knives, swords and armour, while the rest were associated with paper making. Buildings 1-4 and 9 & 10 stand even today, although only #1 is still in use for paper making.
The water wheels and buildings associated with the cutlers, armour makers and sword sharpeners and polishers. In the top right corner St. Albankirche where Meyer likely was baptized is visible.
The water wheels were split up between the trades with the wheels closest to the city walls seemingly having been dedicated to paper making. The water wheels situated the closest to the St. Albankirche however seem to have been used for other purposes, like knife making, sharpening and polishing swords & armour etc.
The left building used to be part of the water wheel production, still standing right next to St. Albankirche
Two of those buildings still remain as do several of the paper making buildings. Unfortunately only one of the wheels remain, today part of the very active Basler Papiermühle Museum and still in use for its original purpose.
The only remaining water wheel of Basel
Just next to, west of the water wheels, we also find the St.Albankirche9, the only church in this neighbourhood and quite relevant to the life of Meyer as we shall see soon.
View over St. Alban, Basel, 1616. Water wheels visible at the bottom right.
By Matthäus Merian d.Ä.
The monastery and the original church of St. Alban in 1840. This was still more or less what it looked like in Meyer's time.
The church of St. Alban in 1857
The church was partly demolished in 1845 and redesigned by the architect Johann Jakob Stehlin der Jüngere, with severe conversions of the front half of the nave and the south aisle. The front entrance was built in this year, using parts of the original church of 1270. As can be seen from the artwork above, the church was quite dramatically changed in appearance. Today, this church has a pink plastered facade which gives it a distinctly more "modern" look, but only five years ago it retained the gray facade with orange-red brick for the outside columns and around the windows, as depicted in the small 1857 illustration.
St Albankirche as it looks today with pink plaster. Right next to the church is a medieval building with St Alban himself depicted.
Joachim Meyer & Basel
The 1560 Marriage Certificate of Joachim Meyer and Appolonia Rulmennin
This is the first piece of proper data we have on Joachim Meyer. On June 4, 1560 Joachim Meyer of Basel marries Appolonia Rulmennin in the Church of St Guillaume. Appolonia was then already a widow of cutler Jacob Wickgaw10. Offically Meyer now becomes a proper burgher of Straßburg11. The church records state:
Joachim von Meÿger Basell hatt d [as] burgkrecht empfangen Vonn Appolonia Rulmennin Weylandt Jacob Wittich of Becken selig [in] within wittwen [ing] hausfrauwen vnnd wil dienen zun Schmiden.
Meyer thus becomes a member of the Schmiden guild, the smiths. It is unclear if the marriage ever led to any children. From this we have a few interesting pieces of data to start building our puzzle with.
The coat of arms of the cutlers at the top of the cover of the 2nd edition of Joachim Meyer's Gründtliche Beschreibung der Freyen Ritterlichen und Adeligen Kunst Des Fechtens of 1570, printed in 1600.
Joachim Meyer was a cutler, as noted in various Straßburg records12 and also indicated by the coat of arms of the cutlers so commonly depicted in his fencing treatise of 1570 (see above). We also know he comes from Basel. These two pieces are seemingly quite important when put aside of what we find next.
The baptismal records of Joachim Meyer, 1537
Looking to the birth records and lists of burghers of Basel there are very few people living in the city in the time period of interest by the name of Jacob and Joachim Meyer. However, as Olivier Dupuis discovered, on August 16, 1537 it is noted that paper maker Jacob Meyer and his wife Anna Freund has a son baptized as Joachim. They live in the area of St. Albans, then a very sparsely populated semi-rural area outside of the original inner city walls, but inside of the new walls protecting the city. Most likely they had their son baptized in the St. Albankirche, the only church in St. Alban, and a church with a congregation consisting mainly of the Wasserfünf (the smiths & cutlers, the milners, the sword sharpeners & polishers, the armour makers and the milners).
Joachim Meyer, son of Jacob Meyer, paper maker, Aug 16, 1537
Interesting to note here is that Meyer's father is noted as a paper maker, which fits well with the area he lives in.
Jacob Meyer the Messerschmied, 1517
In the book Baslerisches Burgerbüch of 1819 we then find a very interesting note mentioning a Jacob Meyer, Messerschmied, who becomes a burger of Basel in 1517.
Jacob Meyer, cutler, is listed as a burger of Basel in 1517
This Jacob Meyer is currently not known to be associated with any of the larger Meyer families of Basel, but the fact that he is a Messerschmied, like Joachim Meyer, and is of a suitable age to have children in ca 1537 is interesting. For a long time it also puzzled me that we had two men by the name of Jacob Meyer, one a cutler and the other a paper maker, that potentially could be the father of Joachim Meyer. However, having visited St. Albans of Basel in person it makes more sense as the two trades worked in the very same place, using the 16 water wheels of St. Albans to manufacture their goods. Switching trade between 1517 and 1537 would likely have been fairly easy to do, thus making it quite possible that Jacob Meyer arrived as a cutler, but switched to paper making, perhaps as it was a still booming industry. He then transferred some of his knowledge of knife making onto his son who picked up on the trade again, in Straßburg.
The Meyer families of Basel
We currently do not know for certain which family Joachim Meyer belonged to. Seven larger families are known, but there were also families of unknown roots. The seven are:
Meyer zum Hirzen/Hirschen
Meyer von Hüningen
Meyer von Balderstorf
Meyer mit dem Pfeil, auch von Büren
Meyer zum Haasen/Hasen
Meyer zum Schlüssel
Meyer zum Sternen
Again, neither of the notes from 1517 and 1537 clarify if Jacob Meyer was connected to any of these families.
Despite his commoner roots Joachim Meyer seems to at times have moved around in the higher eschelons of society and he appears to have had a fair amount of education and a respectable standing, possibly indicating that he came from a fairly well-off family. His first treatise is dedicated to Calvinist Count Otto von Solms and the treatise was given to the duke in 1560 or 1568, following Meyer having taught the same in the fighting arts. His 1570 treatise speaks of the Ancients and warfare, referring to Scipio Africanus, Hannibal, Pepin, Charlemagne, Louis the Pious and Henry I and he repeatedly claims to have studied under famous but still unidentified fencing masters from Germany, Silesia, France, Italy, Napoli and Spain. In the introduction of the book he also speaks directly to Johann Casimir, Calvinist Count Palatine of the Rhein, Duke in Bavaria, stating that the Duke had personally numerous times asked Joachim Meyer to write a book:
I have not only learned the praiseworthy knightly art of combat from skilled and famous masters, but have also now practiced it for many years, and have instructed young princes, counts, lords, and nobles in it, and was graciously and kindly requested by your kind princely grace on many occasions to write up this praiseworthy art of combat in a sound order, and publish it openly through the press, and to let it come to light for the use of many people of our nation; so I no longer wished to resist this gracious and kind request, and have therefore in the name and through the fatherly grace of the Almighty, brought together that which I have learned and experienced with care and work in this praiseworthy and sophisticated art over many years, and compiled it in the most comprehensible order as seems possible to me in this treatise…
Straßburg city records found by Olivier Dupuis also note that Joachim applies and receives approval to arrange a Fechtschul for eight days on Feb 15, 1561, indicating that he was already then a highly skilled fencer possibly even at the level of a Freifechter, with good recognition from the city council of Straßburg. This was repeated on Sep 4, 1563 and again on June 15 1566 and Feb 1, 1567 and on June 28, 156813, Straßburg lists him as a Fechtmeister when he applies to arrange a fechtschul14. Two years later, in 1570 he becomes the treasurer of the Messerschmied guild of Straßburg. The same year his Gründtliche Beschreibung der Freyen Ritterlichen und Adeligen Kunst des Fechtens is printed and he possibly also visits the Diet of Speyer, seeking to secure a position as fencing master at Duke Johann Albrecht I of Mecklenburg's court in Schwerin, which he succeeds in, but unfortunately never takes up as he catches ill travelling to Schwerin and dies on Feb 24 1571, two weeks after arrival to the court. The image below shows the letter sent by Anton Ruelman to the city council on behalf of his sister, Meyer's widow Appolonia, seeking assistance from the council in requesting the court of Schwerin to have Meyer's personal effects, including a box of his printed fencing treatise of 1570 sent back to the widow in Straßburg. A formal letter is sent from the council but the duke replies that the books have been ruined, and he offers to send some compensation alongside of the remaining personal effects to the widow. The wood engravings and original drawings are believed to have been sold to pay off debts resulting from the book printing and are found in Augsburg.15
Letter from Anton Ruelman, the brother of Joachim Meyer's widow Appolonia, to ask the city council's support in requesting Duke Johann Albrecht I of Mecklenburg to send back the personal effects of Joachim. The letter was found in the archives by Olivier Dupuis.
Meyer's widow would soon after remarry another cutler, Hans Küele, her third marriage, again likely as part of the guild tradition of providing a new husband for the widows of its members in return for membership, just like with her marriage to Joachim. Hans Küele thus becomes a member of the Messerschmied guild, the same way that Joachim did.
Zum Hirzen and Jacob Meyer the Prediger of St. Albans
Looking to the other known Meyers of Basel the zum Hirzen family is interesting for several reasons. One of the things they are known for is Jakob Meyer (1437-1541) who served as mayor of Basel between 1530-41. Second, another Jacob Meyer zum Hirzen (1526-1605) was a pastor of St. Albankirche, the church where Joachim Meyer likely was baptized, in 1555, thus likely also having preached to Joachim's father Jacob Meyer the paper maker who lived in the area. This seems more of a coincidence though, but certainly deserves investigating more. Interestingly there is also a Jacob or Hans Jacob Meyer who in 1698 wrote a book entitled "Geistliche Fechtschul der Gedult", printed in Schaffhausen, just a bit further up the Rhein. This seems to be a book on religion and possibly it is a relative of Pastor Jacob Meyer zum Hirzen. Looking through the family trees of contemporary zum Hasen and zum Hirzen I have found no mentioning of any Joachim Meyer though. Likewise, the name is not listed in the Baslerisches Bürgerbuch, indicating he never was associated with a guild or worked professionally there. Neither of this would be surprising if his family moved to Straßburg when Joachim was still a boy or youth.
The many Jacobs of Meyer…
So summing them up, we have: 1517 Jacob Meyer, a cutler, becomes a burger of Basel 1537 Jacob Meyer, a paper maker and resident of St. Albans in Basel has a son called Joachim 1555 Jacob Meyer zum Hirzen (1526-1605) is noted as the prediger, the pastor of St. Albans in Basel. Furthermore, it is also interesting to note that a Jacob Meyer is listed as a member of the Ammestre, the burger council of Straßburg in 1549, which might indicate that Joachim Meyer's family had moved to Straßburg already before then, more than a decade before Joachim becomes a member of the Messerschmid guild and thereby a proper burgher. A Jacob Meyer is listed on the Ammestre again in 1555, 1561 and in 1567. It is currently unknown what trade this Jacob Meyer was associated with. In 1564, the year after Joachim Meyer's 2nd Straßburg fechtschule, another Basel Fechtmeister named Hans Jacob Meyer comes to Straßburg and petitions for a arranging a fechtschule. Like Joachim Meyer he is noted as being a messerschmied. Noteworthy also is the mentioning of an unnamed messerschmied and "weapons master" from Basel who applies to arrange a fechtschul in Straßburg in 155816. Now, some of these similarities and possible connections are bound to be just coincidences, and the use of biblical and Roman names was common. However, looking through family trees we can see how it was, and still is, common with groups of names and name combinations running through the lines, sometimes skipping a generation or two. Jacob for instance, is common in some Meyer families, especially the zum Hirzen, but not in others. Likewise, professions commonly transfered through generations within the same family, due to easy access to learning of skills, living in dedicated trade specific areas etc. More research is needed and these leads are certainly worth investigating more. Hopefully we can together find more data and finally learn who exactly Fechtmeister Joachim Meyer was. And dare I dream? Finding his grave… Or the lost manuscripts.
Finally, the sanctification and relic making
Just like last year, at my visit to Meyer's Straßburg I of course had brought along my Meyer books and some club patches to sanctify them for a second time, with the first sanctification being on the footsteps of the church where he was married, and now in turn, by placing them on the steps of the church where Meyer was baptized.
Some geek doing weird stuff at the St. Albankirche
The Fines Mundi print of Meyer's 1570 treatise, on top of a well-used copy of Dr. Jeffrey L. Forgeng's translation of the same, club patches and some small memory stones.
For a HEMA geek like me, it is a very special feeling, walking in Meyer's footsteps, and I feel very lucky having been given the opportunity to travel to these locations, and also having had the chance to touch books that he pretty surely had handled himself.
If you also decide to go to Basel, then make sure not to miss the Basler Rheinschwimmen where thousands upon thousands of people float down the river with their clothing kept in a floating bag. This happens around mid August, depending on weather and it is just amazing seeing people of all ages, children, teens and elders relaxedly chatting as they float down the Rhein. Given the intense heat I was quite tempted to jump into the river myself.
Thousands of swimmers of all ages floating down the Rhein on the Basler Rheinschwimmen
Also make sure to take the wire-and-Rhein-Currents propelled ferry that connects Kleinbasel to the rest of the city as it is a wonderful way of crossing the Rhein without engine.
Of course visiting the remains of the city wall at the eastern side of St. Alban, and the Basler Papiermühle Museum near St. Albankirche as well as the Münster Cathedral and the Basler Rathaus is highly recommended. And a visit to the Schmiedhof city library where the Messerschmieden and other smiths used to meet in their guild hall might be worth a visit. I have prepared a map which shows some of the more interesting Basel locations related to Meyer that I hope will help you. Also good to know, is that a virtual map of Renaissance Basel based on Merian is being prepared and will be online in October, to celebrate the 400 year anniversary Merian's artwork of Basel. It is not up yet though, as it is still being prepared.
My deepest gratitude to Bettina Bussmann who invited me over and guided me around the city of Basel, and to Frank Aupperle of the Gladiatores who was such a nice company on our trip. I am forever grateful to both of you. Huge thank yous also to Olivier Dupuis for writing the article referred to several times in this one. U look forward to discussing these things more with you! Thank you also to John Walker of the MFFG for sharing his find of the pastor Jacob Meyer of St. Albankirche. Very interesting indeed! Thank you to Dr. Jeffrey L. Forgeng for completely changing my life with his excellent translation of Meyer's 1570 treatise. Likewise, I have to thank the Meyer Frei Fechter Guild and Kevin Maurer and Chris Vanslambrouck in particular, again for being so open and generous in their research! I love chatting about this with you and I really look forward to meeting you soon again! A ton of thanks also to Sven & Anette Baumgarten of the Gladiatores for again inviting me to teach at Donnerschlag in nearby Karslruhe! Always such a pleasure meeting you! Finally a huge thank you to all of the Gothenburg Historical Fencing School and in particular the very patient members of the quarterstaff class. Without you nothing would happen.
The fascination was so strong that people not just longed back to a bygone and better time, but some even identified themselves more with the ancients than with their contemporary society. In 'The Prince' Niccolò Macchiavelli wrote 'At the door I take off my muddy everyday clothes. I dress myself as though I were about to appear before a royal court as a Florentine envoy. Then decently attired I enter the antique courts of the great men of antiquity. They receive me with friendship; from them I derive the nourishment which alone is mine and for which I was born. Without false shame I talk with them and ask them the causes of the actions; and their humanity is so great they answer me. For four long and happy hours I lose myself in them. I forget all my troubles; I am not afraid of poverty or death. I transform myself entirely in their likeness.' [↩]
This papal coronation was discontinued in the 16th century [↩]
A common topic when it comes to Meyer is what the purpose of his fighting art was. For a long time it was suggested that it was mainly for sport, but luckily that image has changed over the lasts few years. Instead the image has been broadened to focus more on war, self-defense and town guard duties. One aspect that has been little discussed though, is the higher social aspects. However, Meyer himself is quite outspoken about this, how it is necessary for society to have an armed and well-trained population, a population that also knows how to use swords and polearms, as those are still very important weapons of war in his time. All this was crucial for a society to at all be able to survive; to maintain a level of martial training or else risk following the fate of the Roman Empire. Survival of the fittest, in a way, but at societal level. [↩]
This church was heavily renovated in the 19th and 20th century and between 1971-2003 leased to the Greek Orthodox Church. Today it is leased by the Serbian Orthodox Church [↩]
Paper mills were established in Basel in 1448, 1449, 1453, 1472, 1476, 1482, 1489, 1525 and 1634 [↩]
At this time in Italy, Germany, Austria and Switzerland printing presses only existed in Subiaco, Rome, Mainz, Bamberg, Straßburg, Cologne, Augsburg and Nuremberg, although printing houses were quickly established in great numbers in the following years. [↩]
See p. 23, Baslerisches Bürgerbuch, 1519 <https://books.google.se/books?id=Zz9CAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA114&lpg=PA114&dq=baslerisches+burgerbuch+1815&source=bl&ots=5OYRZyz3jW&sig=Ak0oUgib7WGxxjVeLU7PEo-JXlY&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAGoVChMI_vGuwe7_xgIVw2QsCh1fXQxp#v=onepage&q=messerschm&f=false> [↩]
See p. 78, Basler Handwerkszünfte im Spätmittelalter <https://books.google.se/books?id=kNctAAAAMAAJ&q=messerschmiede+st+alban&dq=messerschmiede+st+alban&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAmoVChMI45yB0eraxgIVosByCh3a6Ajo> [↩]
also called Dalbekiirche [↩]
See 'Joachim Meyer, escrimeur libre, bourgeois de Strasbourg' by Olivier Dupuis [↩]
See Stehlé, A. Le 2e livre de bourgeoisie de Strasbourg, 1543-1618. Archives municipales de Strasbourg, 2001 [↩]
Although due to issues finding good facilities this is held in Manderscheid, with the permission of the Duke of Manderscheid. "Count Dietrich I of Manderscheid hotel in Manderscheid:ref: 1R32 f. 261 à 261v, 28 juin 1568 – Joachim Meyger le coutelier et Wygand Brack, les deux étant Maîtres d'Armes, ont déposé une supplique auprès des membres du conseil. Le conseil les a autorisé à faire deux rencontres d'escrime différentes, mais aucun des poêles de corporation n'était libre, et il est interdit de le faire chez un chanoine de la cathédrale. Mais le comte Kuono de Manderscheid lui a permis de la faire dans son hôtel. Attendu qu'ils ont déjà mis sur des affiches que la rencontre (schule) se déroulerait là-bas, ils demandent d'avoir quand même le droit pour cette fois de tenir cette rencontre d'escrime dans l'hôtel du chanoine.Décision : étant donné qu'ils n'ont pas de place ailleurs, qu'ils le fassent dans l'hôtel du chanoine mais qu'on leur dise que ça déplaît au conseil." [↩]
Through these notes we also know the names of two fencers associated with Meyer; Christoff Elias, a student of Meyer, and Wygand Brack, a fellow Freifechter [↩]
Again archival records discovered by Olivier Dupuis [↩]
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Roger Norling
Roger Norling is an instructor on Joachim Meÿer's Halben Stangen (Quarterstaff) with the Gothenburg Free Fencer's Guild (GFFG). Unterhauptman of the Meyer Freifechter Guild (MFFG) Starting with the Gothenburg Historical Fencing School in 2008, he is since 2015 a member of the GFFG. His main focus in his research is the "Kunst des Fechtens" and primarily the longsword, dussack and polearms. He has been focusing on the works of Joachim Meÿer since 2009. In this he has enjoyed collaborating with the Meyer Frei Fechter Guild. In May 2013 he became a Fechter of the MFFG, in 2016 receiving a rank as Research Scholar of the same, and in 2019, finally appointed as Unterhauptmann . Currently, he is writing on several books which will explore the teachings of Joachim Meyer, as well as on pedagogics for teaching martial arts. He is the creator behind the three sister sites HROARR.com, Water on a Rock, an online journal on philosophical ponderings, and Northernbush.com and shares his experiences and knowledge in articles on both sites. He regularly lectures on topics related to HEMA, and teaches workshops on Meÿer quarterstaff, dusack and longsword at various HEMA events around the world. For more about this, read his instructor's profile.
HEMA Pedagogics Part 1: The Pedagogics Pioneers & The Role of a HEMA teacher
Chronicon Helvetiae
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, a fine student, black magician – and a Freyfechter?
Translation of an Essay on Saint Didier's Fencing Treatise
C. VanSlambrouck on August 7, 2015 at 04:37
Fantastic. Well done Roger.
Now to talk you out of a Relic….not going to be easy 🙂
Next, someone needs to look into Elias and Brack
Roger Norling on August 9, 2015 at 11:31
Thanks Chris! I really appreciate that! As for relics, they will cost ya… 😉
And yes, looking into Elias and Brack, but also the final resting place of Meyer would be high on the list…
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We undoubtedly live in a time where change is constant.
You don't actually need to be that old to remember back when your missed phone calls were scratched out on a pink slip of paper from the company receptionist as there was no voice mail system. At my first job out of college in the early 90's, there were cell phones and if you had enough clout you could check it out from the supply room if you were going on a trip. Twenty-plus years later and you can't imagine how you would get by without a cellphone.
Over that same time, our product development tools and practices have evolved immensely. The evolution of CAD software, analysis tools and rapid prototyping has significantly impacted how we develop products today.
As of late, there has been much experimentation and successes with problem solving and product development in the form of agile or design sprints. Speed of learning is emphasized with the Minimally Viable Product approach, which feels to me like a stark contrast to the Six Sigma methodologies of the late 1990s that required data for almost every decision.
Methods, processes and tools will continue to evolve; having the right people will remain the differentiator.
As a business owner and engineering leader, I firmly believe that success lies with getting the right people on the bus. When you hire driven, intelligent, inquisitive, talented individuals and line them up in front of sticky problems and let them at it, there is no greater reward than seeing the resultant magic. I am inspired and awestruck by the individuals that make up our team and am really happy they are on our bus.


BETHLEHEM (Ma'an) -- The fierce clashes that have swept the occupied West Bank over the past week have revealed a contradiction in the Palestinian Authority's claim to represent the Palestinian people.
While President Mahmoud Abbas has called for a political solution through "peaceful means and nothing else," a poll last month showed that most Palestinians now view an armed intifada, or uprising, as the only route to change.
"The future is black," said Layla, a resident of al-Azzeh refugee camp in Bethlehem, where large numbers of youths have clashed with Israeli soldiers in recent days.
She can recall the devastation of the last intifada -- which most Palestinians believe achieved little -- but said a new uprising was now the only means to end Israel's nearly 50-year military occupation.
For many Palestinians, the PA is not only ineffective, but a body actively seeking to prevent change.
PA security forces have had a thin presence during the latest clashes, but Israeli security experts remain confident the PA's close security coordination with Israel will be pivotal to preventing the outbreak of a sustained uprising.
"There remains a mechanism for coordination and for consultation," said Mark Heller, a security analyst in Israel's Institute for National Security Studies.
As long as Abbas remains in power, Heller said, he will act to prevent the outbreak of an intifada because he is convinced that a breakdown of law and order would be harmful for Palestinians.
Yoram Schweitzer, another expert at the Israeli research institute, agreed that security coordination was "crucial" to preventing a sustained uprising.
For the moment, they are standing back from the clashes, in a bid to give Palestinian protesters "an outlet to rage and resentment," he said.
But ultimately, if it seemed they were crossing "a certain line" -- in which the protesters began to harm Israelis -- the PA would step in to prevent a further escalation.
Many working under the PA -- the largest employer in the occupied Palestinian territory -- continue to support its strategy of applying pressure on Israel internationally, while remaining non-confrontational at home, even coordinating on security.
Another civil servant told Ma'an that it was not for Palestinians to decide whether to carry out an intifada, but a decision to be made by the Palestinian leadership.
He said only "radicals" and religious extremists sought an intifada -- those interested in chaos and the destruction of the PA.
That the PA's employees are members of Palestinian society has often -- though not always -- served to restrain them from acting forcefully against Palestinian protesters.
An intelligence official in Bethlehem confirmed there had been a number of these "conversations" since the most recent clashes began, with the PA seeking to persuade members of their own communities of the folly of violent protest.
"You should understand that there's the weak side and the strong side, the rabbit and the lion," the intelligence official told Ma'an.
Irrespective of politics, many of an older generation have expressed weariness at the prospect of a third intifada after the last proved so ineffective.
This is the chief reason Israeli analyst Heller believes there is little "immediate" risk of a sustained uprising. "Adults still have vivid memories of how things happened before," he said.
However, with more than half the Palestinian population under the age of 20, experience may not deter as many as he would think.
One resident of Azzeh camp, Fadi, told Ma'an that he feared frustration was pushing many of the younger generation away from Fatah's non-confrontational stance to what he believed to be the more aggressive position of Hamas, or even the Islamic State group.
The youths that took to Bethlehem's streets to clash with Israeli soldiers were eager for an uprising and openly scorned the efforts of the PA.
"Peace is hopeless," said yet another student, Salah al-Din.
Individuals and peoples make their own futures. Palestinians and the Palestinian people have made many bad choices to come to today. Better choices will result in a better future.
So here we stand looking down, as Lucifer said to Jesus. Down on the city of Jerusalem. The world is my oyster?? Do you choose to tempt fate or other? Fed up is the term but? Is bloodshed the only answer? Before you say yes remember that life is precious.
The PA should ask Israeli government for additional Shekels, since they are working over time to quiet the Palestinians in the West Bank.
The PA does not represent anyone but the PA. The younger generation cannot count on the PA to gain their freedom.


text:
What is a Cryptogram?
A cryptogram is a phrase or quote that has been encrypted by simple letter substitution. The phrase "This is a cryptogram" might turn into the encrypted phrase:
In this cryptogram you can see that throughout the phrase the letter "T" has been replaced by the letter "F, the letter "A" has been substituted with "U", and so on.
One final rule - a letter can never be substituted with itself.
You solve the cryptogram with a trial and error process, guessing the letters that have been replaced.
After you work on cryptograms for a while you learn to see patterns of common words - practice makes perfect!
Here are a few tips to get you going:
The only (well...by far the most common) single letter words are "A" and "I".
Look for common letter combinations, like "TH" and "SH".
The word "THE" is the most common three letter word.
Watch for the pattern "XCBX". This is usually the word "THAT".
All words generally have at least one vowel.
Have fun and good luck!
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text:
COMPLETE MAP
LIST OF MAIN PLACES
Municipality of Bagno a Ripoli
Municipality of Barberino Tavarnelle
Municipality of Capraia e Limite
Municipality of Castelfiorentino
Municipality of Cerreto Guidi
Municipality of Certaldo
Municipality of Empoli
Municipality of Fiesole
Municipality of Florence
Municipality of Fucecchio
Municipality of Gambassi Terme
Municipality of Lastra a Signa
Municipality of Montaione
Municipality of Montelupo Fiorentino
Municipality of Montespertoli
Municipality of Vinci
Province of Arezzo
Municipality of Anghiari
Municipality of Arezzo
Municipality of Cortona
Province of Grosseto
Municipality of Sorano
Province of Livorno
Municipality of Piombino
Municipality of Calci
Municipality of Pisa
Municipality of Volterra
Province of Pistoia
Municipality of Monsummano Terme
Municipality of Pistoia
Municipality of Quarrata
Municipality of Serravalle Pistoiese
Province of Prato
Municipality of Carmignano
Municipality of Prato
Province of Siena
Municipality of Castellina in Chianti
Municipality of Chiusi
Municipality of Murlo
Municipality of Siena
COMPLET LIST
Florentine area
Empolese Valdelsa district
Leonardo's maps
Windsor Castle, RL 12278
Madrid II 22v-23r
Santa Maria a Faltognano
The church of Santa Maria in Faltognano belonged to the parish church of Greti since the 13th century, but the current building is the result of a radical 19th-century reconstruction. In the community of the church of Faltognano, some of Leonardo's family's estates stood, still recognizable today in the names of the small groups of farmhouses, such as La Noce, Il Capannile, and Podere Santa Maria. Leonardo must have known these places very well. On the Faltognano side, in fact, flowed the springs of some of the waterways Leonardo included in a project for the construction, downstream, of an artificial reservoir. Just below the church of Santa Maria flows the source of the Leonardian Rio di Lecceta, while a bit further to the east passed the Rio di San Lorenzo, all depicted by Leonardo da Vinci on the three maps dedicated to the project of the reservoir in the locality Serravalle in Val di Streda. These areas can easily be reached, by choosing, from among the "Paths of the Genius", the path "Anchiano, Santa Lucia, and Leccio di Faltognano", Or by choosing paths 10-14 and the connected local roads, on the municipality of Vinci's "Hiking Trails Map".
Faltuniani and the church of Santa Maria
The first attestation of the locality Faltognano is very ancient, dating back to the first decades of the 12th century. The place called Faltuniani is listed among the places that defined the diocese of the castle of Vinci in 1114. The document in question is the act with which Count Guido V Guerra and his wife Imilia (formally) sold the castles of Colle di Pietra, Cerreto, and Vinci, with their respective castle territories (curie) to the abbot of San Salvatore di Fucecchio. The information is very interesting, because it would place Faltognano in the territory dependent on Vinci as early as the 12th century, even though constantly in a border position. The first attestation of the church of Faltognano is, instead, much later. The ecclesia S. Marie de Faltognano begins to be mentioned only from the end of the 13th century, in the tithes for the years 1276-1304.
The community of Faltognano at the time of Leonardo and the project of the reservoir in Val di Streda
The late 16th-century map of the Captains of Parte Guelfa dedicated to the community of Santa Maria a Fatignano (this was the name used by the Florentine officials) shows the network of rural roads in the service of the small towns of Montalbano, which at the time constituted the ecclesiastical district of Faltognano. It was a small parish territory between the ridge of Montalbano and the valleys of the streams that were called, at that time, Rio di Lecceta and Rio di San Lorenzo. The Rio di Lecceta had its sources in the vicinity of the place which, on the 16th-century map, is called fondaccio [di] quelli del sasso (dregs of those of Il Sasso): the 19th-century name of this watercourse is, in fact, "Torrente del Sasso". The Rio di San Lorenzo originated farther to the east, but flowed just below Faltognano and took its name from the church of the nearby community of San Lorenzo in Arniano. These are the waterways that Leonardo drew in his three maps (Windsor Collection RL 12675 and RL 12676, Codex Atlanticus f. 952r) that remain of the project he dedicated to the places of his origins. The three drawings represent the complete hydrographic system in descent from Montalbano, on the slope of Faltognano, and included the watercourses that primarily crossed the territories of the communities of Santa Maria in Faltognano and San Lorenzo in Arniano. The project involved the damming, downstream, of the three watercourses, to create an artificial reservoir in the place that today bears the name of Serravalle. The hydrographic system of the San Lorenzo and Lecceta brooks is represented with extreme precision: Leonardo knew these places very well, as he had been able to frequent them during his early youth in Vinci. His family owned several farms, in fact, in the community of Faltognano.
Leonardo's family's properties in the community of Faltognano
In this area stood some of the farms owned by the da Vinci family, to be specific, in the localities of Capannile, La Noce, and Santa Maria Nuova. Two of these places can be recognized perfectly in the 16th century map and are associated with the drawing of a farm house (capannile) and the small chapel at a crossroads (vergine della noce, or the virgin of the walnut). The same place names are still used today to indicate groups of houses or simple farmhouses situated along the local roads of Faltognano. The third property of the da Vinci family located in the community of Faltognano, the podere di Santa Maria Nuova (farm of Santa Maria Nuova), is probably to be identified with the podere Santa Maria documented in the 19th century with this name, located a short distance from the church of Faltognano. Of the ancient church of Faltognano there is no trace: the current building is, in fact, the result of the complete reconstruction carried out in 1895. However, the sketch that depicts it in the 16th-century map gives the appearance of a small church with a single hall and a gable roof surmounted by bell gable. In front of the façade, pierced by a single window above the portal, we can see a stairway that gave access to the main streets of the place: one for Santa Lucia a Paterno and one for the Palagio and the valleys below. The road that led to the Montalbano ridge, and from there to Vitolini, also started from the church of Faltognano.
Texts by
Silvia Leporatti / English translation by John Venerella
Leonardo's artificial lake at Serravalle
San Lorenzo in Arniano
Santa Lucia a Paterno
Vitolini
Carta degli itinerari escursionistici del comune di Vinci
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text:
An Elephant Bibliography
Posted on May 26, 2021 May 31, 2021 by elecosy
Just a selected list from my experience……please suggest others in comments!
Travels on my Elephant by Mark Shand ( 1991) Eland Publishing
The founder of Elephant Family buys an elephant and rides her across India to the Sonepur Mela. The last page, with a eulogy to Tara , is recommended ( and all the others, of course)
Queen of the Elephants by Mark Shand ( 1996) Vintage Press
A sequel, desribing his experiences in India , with Parbati Barua a renowned elephant expert from Assam
Jumbo by John Sutherland ( 2014) Aurum Press
A biograhy of the first elephant to be named so – but much more, all about elephants. Did you know that Colchester was forced to surrender in AD34, when Claudius arrived with 40 elephants? A treasure trove of information.
The Elephant Whisperer by Lawrence Anthony ( 2009) Sidgwick & Jackson
Lawrence runs a game reserve in Zululand and agrees to take a herd of elephants – traumatised it turns out – that have been displaced. A remarkable story of how the two come to terms with each other
An Elephant in my Kitchen by Francoise Malby-Anthony ( 2018) Just Publishers NL
The sequel , where Francoise, Anthony's Widow, continues to run the Reserve on her own. A parisian who had her life changed radically and forever.
Elephant Don by Caitlin O'Connell ( 2015) University of Chicago Press
A truly remarkable woman, scientist and author , the first person to propound the theory that elephants communicate over long distances. In this book, she explores the politcs of a herd in Namibia , in particular the male hierarchy.
Elephantoms by Lyall Watson ( 2008) W.W.Norton & Co
An intelligent discussion on elephants , a description of a childhood in the Western Cape and a book with a very unusual central premise. Stimulating and unusual!
Among the Elephants by Iain and Oria Douglas-Hamilton ( 1975)
Collins & Harvill Press
Pioneer researchers and fighters of poaching in Eastern Africa , describing their observations of elephants and their fight against the ivory trade
( thanks to Tony from Elephant Haven)
Gods in Chains by Rhea Ghosh (2005) Foundation Books
A review of the plight of the captive elephant in India, with practical advice on how to lessen their suffering. A tough read, but for all of us who have seen elephants outside temples , one that should be made.
Hastividyarnava by Sukumar Barkaith ( approx 1730)
original document archived in Guwahati
A manual on how to train elephants in the royal stables of the King of Assam. Illustrations by Dilbar and Dosai
( thanks again to Tony from Elephant Haven)
Nosey


WASHINGTON, D.C. — Six federal financial regulatory agencies today issued the final rule that establishes new appraisal requirements for "higher-priced mortgage loans." The rule implements amendments to the Truth in Lending Act made by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act). Under the Dodd-Frank Act, mortgage loans are higher-priced if they are secured by a consumer's home and have interest rates above certain thresholds.
For higher-priced mortgage loans, the rule requires creditors to use a licensed or certified appraiser who prepares a written appraisal report based on a physical inspection of the interior of the property. The rule also requires creditors to disclose to applicants information about the purpose of the appraisal and provide consumers with a free copy of any appraisal report.


As an ardent tennis player quite a long time ago, I was sufficiently stupid to imagine that, after around 10 years of dismissing the tennis court, I would have the capacity to just get a racket and get back in the game. I have never been so off-base! Playing tennis, it turns out, dislike riding a bicycle your body does not hold that essential instinct that you have to keep the ball in movement or, for my situation, in the court.
Thankfully, my previous tennis aptitudes did in the long run start to reemerge on the court, yet not until after I had persevered through an agonizing measure of embarrassment. In any case, since this entire arrangement of humiliating occurrences on the tennis court, I have adapted some basic traps to remaining focused of my tennis game. Here are some basic tips to help you keeping focused of your game, as well.
Simply Play and Stay On Top Of Your Tennis Game!
I truly have no great reason for what kept me far from the tennis court for all that time. I figure once in a while life just gets occupied. Also, we as a whole have our reasons for evading our workouts for some reason, yet in the event that you need to keep your tennis aptitudes sharp the arrangement is simple. Simply play! Occupied timetables are normal and it's anything but difficult to set tennis aside for later for a moment, yet oppose this allurement. You don't need to set aside hours. Simply ensure you press in some an opportunity to play all the time; once per week is perfect. In the event that you can't fit a decent match into your calendar, then in any event get in some practice time with a ball machine or against a practice divider.
The primary expertise to get corroded when you've gone too long without playing tennis is your serve. A great many people I know could utilize some administration hone at any rate (counting me!), yet regardless of the fact that you have an executioner serve, you have to rehearse consistently to keep it sharp. On the off chance that you need to keep up your edge and keep acing your rivals, then essentially devote a tad bit of your tennis time every week exclusively to honing your serve.
Maybe the most vital variable to keeping focused of your tennis game is just keeping up your adoration for the game. Actually, the more you practice, the better you will be. Tennis lessons can be to a great degree advantageous, too. In any case, in the event that it begins to wind up "work" then it doesn't generally make a difference how hard you attempt to enhance you've lost your energy for the game. Keep it fun. On the off chance that I hadn't figured out how to chuckle at myself when I got pull out of the court, I presumably would've surrendered, and that would have been unfortunate. Recall that it's only a game, all things considered, and have a ton of fun!
Tennis is a game whose roots can be followed back to the nineteenth Century. It is said to have started from England whereby it was at first just played by the general population who had a place with the high society. Amid this time, it required almost no gear for playing. From England, it step by step spread to alternate parts of the world, however in those antiquated times, it was still implied for the nobility. Today, an expansive number of individuals appreciate tennis over the globe. There are particular principles for playing the game; these were drafted route back in England in 1890. In any case, there have been some slight changes, however the greater part of despite everything them continue as before. Truth be told, there are just two changes that were made in the standards of the game. These occurred in 1908 and 1960 individually. In the antiquated times, the balls utilized as a part of playing tennis were white while today, most games are played utilizing yellow balls.
Today, playing tennis has been made even much less demanding and helpful such that one doesn't need to go to the tennis court to play. Any fan of the game is currently ready to play a free tennis game at his or her solace from the web. There are diverse classes accessible that individuals can play on the web. What is much more is that it is anything but difficult to play such that both grown-ups and even kids can play any sort that they decide to from the web. Anybody keen on playing has the flexibility of picking the sort that they are occupied with from the wide range that is effortlessly accessible on the web. Be that as it may, aside from simply the free ones, a player is additionally ready to play for increases of a few prizes including cash and others. With a specific end goal to win a match in any of the different forms of this game, a player needs to consider a specific number of focuses. The most fascinating part is that one can have an adversary from any influence of the world.


The abbreviation of the journal title "Business horizons" is "Bus. Horiz.". It is the recommended abbreviation to be used for abstracting, indexing and referencing purposes and meets all criteria of the ISO 4 standard for abbreviating names of scientific journals.
horizons Horiz. matches the word "horizon"