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Caster Semenya: I won't let World Athletic drug stop me from being who I am
Posted by OLADIPUPO MOJEED on September 11, 2020
800m Olympic gold medallist Caster Semenya has reacted to losing tribunal appeal to overturn the 2019 Court of Arbitration (CAS) ruling.
The South African athlete noted that said she wouldn't allow her health to be endangered solely because of her natural abilities. This, she said, put the World Athletics on the wrong side of history.
The double Olympic 800 meters champion was unable to win her appeal to the Swiss Federal Tribunal to set aside the 2019 CAS ruling. The ruling says female athletes with a high natural level of testosterone must take medication to reduce it.
Ths made Semenya approach the tribunal in May last year. CAS had ruled that World Athletics regulations are binding on athletes with differences in sexual development (DSDs) in participating in 400 metres to a mile race. This, according to the highest sports court, is to ensure fair competition.
Semenya, who stated that she knows what is right, said she would protect basic human rights and young girls of such abilities both on and off the track.
In its ruling, the tribunal says the governing body's requirement of subjecting certain female athletes to drug or surgical interventions does not violate Swiss public policy. The tribunal said such a ruling act as a precondition to participating in certain athletic events.
Semenya has a high testosterone level, which increases muscle mass, strength, and hemoglobin. This makes her have a high level of endurance and to set new records. This has made her be compared to men by some competitors. According to them, women with higher levels of the hormone have an unfair advantage over others.
With this ruling, Semenya has shifted her attention to the shorter 200-meters sprint event, which is not affected by the regulations. She will now be preparing on this ahead of the Tokyo Olympic Games. The tournament was postponed to next year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Bауеrn аnd Alаbа yet tо agree nеw dеаl аѕ tаlkѕ bеtwееn both раrtіеѕ stalls
Doncaster Races To Continue Without Spectators

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The key issues to consider when reviewing the storage of and access to personal data on computers and networks. If your business is in the Kingswood area we, at Everitt Kerr & Co, can provide you with assistance or any additional information required.
Please contact us at Everitt Kerr & Co if you would like any help in any of these areas.


When someone think of starting up a website, a .Com domain is an obvious first choice. The domain was first introduced in 1985. Initially, the domain was being administrated by United States Department of Defense but now it is being operated by Verisign, and remains under ultimate jurisdiction of U.S. law. Versign recruit registrars across the globe to offer .Com… Continue reading "Free .Com Domain"


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Read the Data Snapshot
If you're new to the data snapshot, we publish a weekly summary of the status for each of our metrics (you can find past issues on our data and metrics page). We have a few notes for this week's issue (data from January 25 through February 7):
There was no significant change in cases during this 14-day period.
Dane County's 14-day average number of cases is 113 per day, down from 118 last snapshot. In this 14-day period there were 1,587 total cases. Percent positivity is at 1.8%. During this period, 60% of tests were conducted by UW's University Health Services (UHS) and 30% of people who tested positive were UW-Madison students and staff. When excluding cases and tests from UHS, Dane County still has a low percent positivity of 3.2%.
13.1% of the Dane County population (71,854 people) has received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.
People receiving vaccine far outpaces the number of people testing positive for COVID-19. The number of people who have received at least one dose of vaccine in the past eight weeks is now nearly double the number of people who have gotten COVID-19 over the past year. The level of immunity from vaccination and the level of immunity among those who have already had COVID both contribute to herd immunity, which is critical to resuming more normal life.
98,799 doses have been administered to 71,854 people. For the latest vaccination numbers, see our data dashboard. See our vaccination page for more information about currently eligible and soon to be eligible groups.
1.9% of all cases were associated with assisted living or skilled nursing facilities, which is the lowest since October 8.
We expect to see this number continue to decrease as we vaccinate more people age 65+ and staff at long term care facilities.
71% of people who tested positive were successfully contacted by a contact tracer within 48 hours of when their test was collected.
This is the highest level this metric has been since September 3.
The COVID-19 death rate is significantly lower in Dane County compared to Wisconsin for each racial/ethnic group but inequities persist.
Within Dane County, Black people have a significantly higher death rate than white and Asian people, and Latinx people have a significantly higher death rate than white people. See page 3 of the snapshot for a chart illustrating the rates.


In a letter dated January 13, 2004, the co-chairs of the Congressional Taiwan Caucus in the U.S. House of Representatives urged Dr. Lee Jong-wook, the Geneva, Switzerland-based Director General of the World Health Organization to establish a permanent representative office in Taiwan.
enabling them to better combat this world health threat.
based on politics and China's short-sighted rejection of Taiwan's participation in the WHO.
As the pace of globalization quickens and the spread of infectious disease accelerates, it is critical that all nations, including Taiwan, be given the opportunity to participate in such international health organizations as the WHO.
As co-chairs of the Congressional Taiwan Caucus of the U.S. House of Representatives, we urge you to establish a permanent WHO representative office in Taiwan.
The recent SARS outbreak underscores the importance of opening such an office. The Taiwanese people should not be left out of the international effort to identify, contain, and treat this deadly virus.


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Zen Studios Ltd.
Independent video game developer
Ganz u. 16.,
Zsolt Kigyossy (founder and CEO)
Pinball FX
Zen Pinball
www.zenstudios.com
Zen Studios is an Hungarian video game developer and publisher of interactive entertainment software with headquarters in Budapest, Hungary and offices in the United States. It is known for its game franchises, Pinball FX and Zen Pinball, as well as CastleStorm, a tower defense hybrid which received the Apple Store's Editor's Choice award.[1][2] The company is considered "synonymous with licensed pinball tables," having produced dozens of tables with characters and themes from the Star Wars and Marvel universes, films like Guardians of the Galaxy, TV series like Archer, South Park, Family Guy and Bob's Burgers, and video game franchises such as Plants vs. Zombies, Portal, Street Fighter, and The Walking Dead.[3][4][5]
The company's games have been released for various game platforms, including Xbox 360, Xbox One, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Nintendo DS, Nintendo 3DS, Wii U, Nintendo Switch, iOS, Steam, Amazon, and Android.[6] Zen Studios was ranked second on Metacritic's list of mid-size game publishers in 2015, ahead of publishers like Capcom and Microsoft.[7]
2 Game design
3 Microtransactions
Zen Studios was founded in Budapest in 2003 by a team of four people. It started as a technology and work for hire studio, doing game engine development, middleware tools, and ports for other games.[8] The company name is based on the team's belief in Zen as a creed to follow in their work and lives, specifically with employees and fans.[9] By the time PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Arcade arrived, the studio had gained knowledge and experience with console platforms and gaming handhelds. The company CEO Zsolt Kigyossy, a pinball fan, decided to try to make the best pinball simulation video game on the market.[8]
Its first pinball game was Pinball FX, released for Xbox 360 in 2007. It would sell more than 100,000 copies per year until 2010. Because Pinball FX was published by Microsoft, it could not appear on Sony's PlayStation 3, leading to the development of Zen Pinball for the PS3 in 2008 (and later for iOS, the Wii U, and Android).[4][10] Zen Pinball was the top-selling PSN game in May and September 2009.[11][12]
The company made the first of its three departures from pinball when it released The Punisher: No Mercy in 2009. This first-person shooter in the style of the Punisher MAX franchise was released for Playstation 3.[11] The company embarked on what would become its biggest media franchise cooperation yet when they teamed up with Marvel Comics and released Marvel Pinball in December 2010.[13] The cooperation has resulted in twenty-one different pinball tables based on the Marvel Universe, with more anticipated in the future.[5] Another big franchise used for Zen Studios tables is Lucasfilm's and Disney's Star Wars. In 2012, the company debuted Star Wars Pinball, the first pack to feature officially licensed digital Star Wars pinball tables.[8]
In 2013, Zen Studios released two non-pinball games. The company tackled the tower defense genre with CastleStorm for XBLA, a hybrid of traditional tower defense with real-time physics-based Angry Birds-esque catapult combat and resource management.[1] CastleStorm would go on to become a successful franchise, earning the Editor's Choice award in the US Apple App Store, as well as an Editor's Choice distinction from Google Play.[2] Rhythm-based martial arts game KickBeat debuted on the PlayStation Vita and PlayStation 3.[8] On the pinball side, Zen Studios released Super League Football in 2014, where players competed by siding with their favorite European football clubs and famous players. The game was seen as a modern version of the famous pinball machine World Cup Soccer from 1994.[14] The same year saw the release of a Guardians of the Galaxy table.[15]
The company partnered with Valve in mid-2015 to create digital pinball tables based on Valve's games,[16] most notably the Portal table.[17] That year, Zen Studios' licensed tables included a table based on Telltale Game's The Walking Dead and another one based on the TV show South Park. The new Iron & Steel collection consisted of a table based on CastleStorm and the studio's first wholly original table in three years, Wild West Rampage.[18]
In early 2016, Zen Studios teamed up with Oculus Rift to create pinball tables in virtual reality. Pinball FX2 VR, which features three original table designs from the Zen Studios development team, was released on the Oculus Rift's launch day, March 28, 2016.[19]
In 2017, Zen Studios released Pinball FX 3, a joint sequel to Pinball FX 2 and Zen Pinball 2 that bridged a prior divide between Microsoft and non-Microsoft platforms that existed between the first two Pinball FX games and the Zen Pinball sub-series, encouraging cross-platform play. This sequel features most tables from its two predecessors, as well as new original and licensed tables.[20] A year after FX 3 was released, Zen Studios announced that it has recently acquired the rights to develop digital conversions of real-life Bally and Williams pinball tables, a first for the company.[21] Zen then went on to release digital Williams pinball tables as premium add-on content for FX 3 in waves, as well as a stand-alone free-to-play app on mobile devices that contained a compilation of such tables.
At the 2020 Consumer Electronics Show, Zen Studios announced it was working with Tastemakers LLC, the makers of Arcade1Up, to create 3/4th scale digital pinball tables, allowing the table to support various digital pinball games from Bally and Williams and others in the future.[22]
Zen Studios' pinball style has been called "cinematic".[15][23] In order to capture the mood of a game or franchise, its tables include spoken lines, animations and deep references from movies, TV or animated shows they are based on,[16][24] weaving those references into the action in a fun and interesting way.[25] Each table is a separately designed game, with distinct layouts and graphical styles.[26] One of the Star Wars-themed tables, for example, "feels inextricable from the universe, its elements combining into something truly evocative,"[27] while the Ant-Man-based table "faithfully recreates the aesthetic of the film and makes good use of the notable elements in the table design."[5] In Telltale Games' The Walking Dead: Season One pinball adaptation, the playfield is shaped and surrounded by scale representations of the most memorable set pieces from each of the five episodes in that game.[28]
On the other hand, its tables have been praised for their "realism", which means that they try to create the illusion that "you're at an arcade or in your basement with your eyes peeled to the table in front", and that the ball physics make "predicting angles and opportune flipper timing as natural as possible".[29]
As a company that seeks to deliver a family-friendly pinball experience, Zen Studios designs its tables such that they include no material that would be deemed unsuitable for older children (such as sexual content, graphic violence, profanity and substance abuse). To ensure that all of their pinball titles earn a mid-low rating across all major video game content rating systems, such as the ESRB's Everyone 10+ rating,[30] the developers will even go so far as to incorporate censorship into tables based on media franchises that are aimed at adults (such as Bethesda video games and the Archer animated television series), as well as certain digital conversions of real-life Williams pinball tables.
The company's first game, Pinball FX, introduced microtransactions in the world of pinball gaming, since additional tables were available for purchase. At the launches of Pinball FX2 and Zen Pinball 2, pinball tables could be exported for free from the previous games into the sequels. Upon release of the Xbox One and PlayStation 4, Pinball FX2 and Zen Pinball 2 respectively were ported over, and allowed owners of the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions (via Cross-Buy) to import their purchased tables onto the new platform when available at no additional cost. Tables are available for purchase either individually or as part of themed packs.[4][10][31][32]
2007 Pinball FX Xbox 360 (XBLA)[33]
Flipper Critters Nintendo DS[34]
2008 Rocky and Bullwinkle Xbox 360 (XBLA)
Zen Pinball iOS, PlayStation 3 (PSN), Nintendo 3DS (eShop), Android[35]
2009 Ghostbusters: The Video Game Nintendo DS
The Punisher: No Mercy PlayStation 3 (PSN)
2010 Planet Minigolf PlayStation 3 (PSN)[36]
Pinball FX 2 Xbox 360 (XBLA), Windows,[37] Xbox One, Steam
Marvel Pinball Xbox 360 (XBLA), PlayStation 3 (PSN), Android, 3DS (eShop), iOS, Vita (PSN), Wii U (eShop), Windows[38]
2012 3D Solitaire 3DS (eShop)[39]
Zen Pinball 2 PlayStation 3 (PSN), PlayStation Vita (PSN), Wii U (eShop), PlayStation 4 (PSN)[40]
KickBeat PlayStation 3 (PSN), PlayStation Vita (PSN), Windows, PlayStation 4 (PSN), Xbox One, Wii U (eShop)[41]
2013 Star Wars Pinball PlayStation 3 (PSN), PlayStation Vita (PSN), PlayStation 4 (PSN), Wii U (eShop), Nintendo 3DS (eShop), Android, iOS, Xbox 360, Xbox One[42]
CastleStorm Xbox 360 (XBLA), PlayStation 3 (PSN), Steam, Wii U (eShop), PlayStation Vita (PSN), PlayStation 4 (PSN), Xbox One, iOS
2014 Super League Football PlayStation 3 (PSN), PlayStation Vita (PSN), PlayStation 4 (PSN), iTunes, Google Play, Nintendo 3DS (eShop), Steam, Xbox Live Arcade, Amazon
Telltale Games' The Walking Dead: Season One Pinball PC, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Wii U
2015 Balls of Glory: themed on four animated TV shows: Family Guy, American Dad!, Bob's Burgers, Archer PSN, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Windows 10, Steam, Mac, Google Play, Amazon, iOS[24]
Portal Pinball PSN, Mac, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Steam, Android, iOS, Amazon[43]
South Park Pinball PS4, PS3, Vita, Xbox One, Steam, iOS, Android, Amazon, Wii U[44]
Secrets of the Deep, Epic Quest, Mars Oculus Rift[19]
Iron & Steel Pack PS4, PS3, PS Vita, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Steam, Mac, iOS, Android, Amazon
2016 Pinball FX2 VR Oculus Rift, PlayStation VR
Aliens vs. Pinball
(announced with Fox Digital Entertainment[45]) iTunes, Google Play, PSN, XBLA, Steam
2017 Infinite Minigolf Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, Steam[46]
Pinball FX 3 Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, Steam, Windows 10[47]
Bethesda Pinball Android
2018 Operencia: The Stolen Sun Xbox One, PC
2019 Williams Pinball iOS, Android
^ a b Jeffrey Matulef (20 May 2013). "Zen Studios' tower-defense/RTS hybrid CastleStorm lays siege on XBLA next week". Eurogamer. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ a b no1phil (3 June 2015). "NetEase and Zen Studios Partner to Launch CastleStorm in Mainland China". XLC Gaming Network. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
^ Ryan Winslett (January 2016). "Zen Studios' The Force Awakens Pinball Review: These Are The Tables You're Looking For". Cinema Blend. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
^ a b c Danny Cowan (7 October 2015). "Bob's Burgers, Family Guy get Pinball FX and Zen Pinball tables". Digital Trends. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
^ a b c Mark B. (15 July 2015). "Review: Zen Pinball 2: Ant-Man (Sony Playstation 3/Playstation 4/Playstation Vita)". Diehard Game Fan. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
^ Nick Tylwalk (July 2015). "Ant-Man Pinball Arrives In Zen Studios Pinball This Week". Bam! Smack! Pow!. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
^ Jason Dietz (4 February 2016). "Metacritic's 6th Annual Game Publisher Rankings". Metacritic. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ a b c d Dean Takahashi (23 August 2013). "How Zen Studios became a successful indie game studio and cranked out KickBeat (interview)". Venture Beat. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ "Designing in unconventional ways - an interview with ZEN Studios". Gamesworld. 3 February 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ a b Josh Smith. "Pinball Then... and Now". LifeZette. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ a b Andrew Yoon (6 August 2009). "Interview: ZEN Studios' Zsolt Kigyossy". Engadget. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ Andrew Yoon (19 October 2009). "Zen Pinball and Castle Crashers top PSN sales in September". Engadget. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ "Zen Studios Unveils "Marvel Pinball"". Gamezone. 27 September 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ Aldrin Calimlim (29 January 2014). "Prepare For Hard-Kicking Pinball Action In Zen Studios' Super League Football". App Advice. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ a b Brett Zeidler (2 August 2014). "Guardians of the Galaxy Pinball may be the best table yet". Destructoid. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ a b Ian Dransfield (29 April 2015). "Zen Studios tease Valve pinball game". PC Gamer. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
^ Chris Dunlap (2 June 2015). "Portal Pinball for Zen Pinball 2, Pinball FX2 review". Gaming Age. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ Ryan Winslett (April 2015). "South Park Pinball Review: Zen Studios Flipping Nails It". Cinema Blend. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
^ a b Ozzie Mejia (16 March 2016). "Pinball FX2 VR: Eyes-on at GDC 2016". Shack News. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
^ Fahey, Mike (August 17, 2017). "Pinball FX 3 Is All About Cross-Platform Competition". Kotaku. Retrieved August 17, 2017.
^ McWhertor, Michael (September 4, 2018). "Classic Bally/Williams pinball tables coming to Pinball FX3". Polygon. Vox Media. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
^ Macy, Seth (January 6, 2020). "Arcade1up Introduces Online-Enabled NBA Jam Cabinet, Burger Time Special Edition, 3/4 Scale Pinball Machines and More". IGN. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
^ Serge Pennings (14 September 2014). "Zen Pinball 2 review: new tables – great flipper fun". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ a b Terry Terrones (17 October 2015). "Video Game Haiku Review - "Balls of Glory Pinball"". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
^ Thomas Ella (6 June 2015). "Review: Portal Pinball". Hardcore Gamer. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ Andrew Hayward (12 September 2014). "You Should Play: Zen Pinball". Macworld. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ Rich Stanton (5 April 2013). "Star Wars Pinball: The Empire Strikes Back review". Eurogamer. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
^ Brett Zeidler (26 August 2014). "The Walking Dead Pinball is just as good as I had hoped". Destructoid. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ Trevor Ruben (9 March 2014). "Zen Pinball 2". High-Def Digest. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
^ Orland, Kyle (12 October 2018). "Zen Studios alters classic pinball art to protect family-friendly rating". Ars Technica. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
^ Sammy Barker (5 September 2013). "Interview: Kickin' Back with KickBeat Developer Zen Studios". Push Square. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ Mike Mason (1 October 2012). "Review: Zen Pinball 2". Push Square. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ "Pinball FX Official Website". Zen Studios. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
^ "Flipper Critters Official Website". Retrieved 2012-08-14.
^ "Zen Pinball Official Website". Zen Studios. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
^ "Planet Minigolf Official Website". Zen Studios. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
^ "Marvel Pinball Official Website". Zen Studios. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
^ "3D Solitaire Available on Nintendo 3DS™ eShop August 2nd!". Zen Studios Blog. Zen Studios. Retrieved 2012-08-14.
^ "Zen Pinball Official Website". Zen Studios. Retrieved 2012-08-14.
^ "KickBeat Official Website". Zen Studios. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
^ Loertscher, Bobby. "Star Wars Pinball (Standalone) Hits PSN Next Week". Sony Computer Entertainment America LLC. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ Joe White (30 May 2015). "Zen Studios launches a new, Portal-themed pinball game on the App Store". App Advice. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
^ "South Park Pinball Official Website". Zen Studios. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
^ Ethan Anderton (1 April 2016). "'Alien' Day Is Coming in April with Official Reeboks, Movie Screenings, Collectibles & More". Slash Film. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
^ "Infinite Minigolf is now available! – Zen Studios". Zen Studios. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
^ "Pinball FX3 is the BIGGEST, most COMMUNITY focused pinball game ever created. – Zen Studios". Zen Studios. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
List of pinball tables for each game


This is an English pronunciation respelling key that may be used in Wikipedia articles. By using a simpler spelling of words, it helps readers of articles to learn how to pronounce (say) words that they are not familiar with.
If you have come here because a respelled pronunciation was used in an article, look at the tables below to find out how to pronounce the word.
The method is simple to understand because it does not use any special symbols except the schwa ("ə"), which represents the "uh" sound. Another way of showing how to pronounce words is to use the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The IPA can be used to show the sounds in a word very accurately, without ambiguity, but it uses many special symbols that are not required in the 'respelling' approach.
g go, beg /ɡ/ Not as in gem or gin (/dʒ/), which is j.
ng ring, singer, sink /ŋ/ Not the same as the sound in finger, which is ngg (/ŋɡ/).
s see, city, pass /s/ Not as in rose (/z/), which is z.
th thing, teeth /θ/ To make this sound, the tip of the tongue is placed between the front teeth and air is blown out of the mouth gently.
th this, breathe, father /ð/ This sound is similar to th (/θ/), but a harder buzzing sound is also made from the throat.
a cat /æ/ Australian /æ/ or /æː/. Scottish /a/.
ar car /ɑr/ Scottish /ar/.
aw raw /ɔː/ American /ɔ/ or /ɑ/. Some people pronounce words like raw with an o sound.
ə sofa /ə/ or /ɨ/ Unstressed neutral vowel. Sometimes i may be used for /ɨ/.
ər her (stressed) /ɜr/ or /ɝː/ Scottish /ʌr, ɛr, ɪr/ (ur, er, ir).
er fern /ər/, /ɜr/ or /ɝː/ Scottish /ɛr/.
ew dew, ewe /juː/ American /u/ or /ju/. Some people pronounce the ew sound after some consonants, while others do not.
eye die, eye /aɪ/ This is spelled –ye after a consonant.
ir fir, girl /ər/, /ɜr/ or /ɝː/ Scottish /ɪr/.
oo foot /ʊ/ Scottish /ʉ/.
ohr four, wore /ɔər/ Australian /oː(ɹ)/.
or for, war /ɔr/ Scottish /ɔr/.
ur fur /ər/, /ɜr/ or /ɝː/ American /ɹ/. Scottish /ʌr/.
–ye bye /aɪ/ This is written –ye after a consonant, but otherwise as eye.
When a certain sound is pronounced by some speakers but not by others, the sound is put inside parentheses (round brackets). It is correct to say the word either with or without the sound. For example, the respelled pronunciation of the word truism is "TROO-i-z(ə)m". It can either be pronounced "TROO-i-zəm" or "TROO-i-zm".
A syllable is the smallest block of sound that a person can make when he or she speaks. Words can have one or more syllables. For example, cat is a one-syllable word, tortoise (pronounced TAW-tis) has two syllables, and dinosaur (pronounced DYE-nə-saw) has three syllables. In this system of respelled pronunciation, the syllables in a word are separated by hyphens ("-").
When a word has more than one syllable, some syllables are usually given more emphasis than others when the word is spoken. In linguistics, this emphasis is called "stress". The stress in a word is shown by writing the syllable in SMALL CAPITAL LETTERS.
In a long word with many syllables, different types of stress are often given to different syllables. Linguists can tell the difference between heavier "primary stress" and lighter "secondary stress". To keep things simple, this respelled pronunciation system does not show the difference between these two types of stress. Readers can usually work out for themselves where the primary and secondary stresses should be.
prə-NUN-see-AY-shən /prəˌnʌnsiːˈeɪʃən/ There is actually primary stress on the syllable "AY" and secondary stress on "NUN", but to keep things simple the difference is not shown.
↑ Wikipedia editors can create small capital letters like this: "<small>THIS SENTENCE IS IN SMALL CAPITAL LETTERS</small>".


This is the ADT Pulse Jasco Plug-In On/Off Outdoor Appliance Module for Wireless Lighting Control. You can use it with the ADT Pulse system or any other z-wave enabled system.
This device is used to control appliances or lights on the outside of your home. It's also a definite must for someone wanting to control Christmas or other Holiday lighting.
Devices plugged in to this must not exceed 600 Watts.
This device is suitable for outdoor use in damp locations. Do not expose this device to rain or immerse in water. You should install it at least 3 feet above ground level with the receptacle pointed down. When used outside, you should plug it into a GFCI receptacle with a cover rated for outdoor use.


Washington – Today the Obama administration will begin its three-day summit on "Countering Violent Extremism." Tomorrow will consist of meetings with civil society focusing on domestic, international and private companies' roles and on Thursday the State Department is scheduled to meet with both civil society groups and government representatives, with government representatives from as many as 67 countries expected.
Amnesty International USA expressed its concern that the Obama administration is positioning itself as a world leader in promotion of global counter-radicalization efforts but failing to encourage human rights protections.
"The administration has a responsibility to prevent counter-radicalization from becoming a pretext for the targeting of human rights defenders and repression of peaceful dissent. The end result of this summit must include guidelines for ensuring U.S. support to foreign governments does not facilitate human rights abuses," said Amnesty International USA executive director Steven W. Hawkins.
Amnesty International USA pointed to the fact that many U.S. partners, such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, are governments with records of using anti-terrorism laws to intimidate internal critics and repress peaceful dissent. By inviting representatives of these governments to DC this week, the administration is sending a troubling message of tolerance for their records of human rights abuses.
The White House and State Department should be clear on whether, as part of global Countering Violent Extremism efforts, the U.S. will fund foreign governments, provide security assistance or increase intelligence sharing with abusive governments.
Amnesty International USA remains deeply concerned that U.S. funding and support will be used by foreign governments to commit human rights violations against dissidents and human rights defenders, including disappearances, incommunicado detention and torture. The U.S. needs to commit to a set of rules and due diligence to ensure this doesn't happen. Given the array of foreign governments that will be attending, the White House must also condemn the post-Charlie Hebdo crackdowns on freedom of expression in Europe.
The Obama administration must also do far more to rein in the FBI's abusive practices in American Muslim communities, including expansive surveillance and aggressive use of informants.
Editor's Note: An earlier version stated that the administration has yet to respond to a December 2015 coalition letter. The letter was sent in December 2014.


text:
Richard Boursnell (1832 – 1909) foi um médium e fotógrafo de espíritos britânico.

Boursnell trabalhou em parceria com um fotógrafo profissional na Fleet Street, Londres. Segundo o pesquisador psíquico Simeon Edmunds, as fotografias espirituais de Boursnell "se mostraram fraudulentas em diversas ocasiões".

Em 1902, Boursnell tirou uma foto do espiritualista William Thomas Stead e um extra de "espírito" apareceu, identificado como Piet Botha, um comandante bôer morto na Guerra da África do Sul. Stead afirmou que Botha era desconhecido na Inglaterra e afirmou que a fotografia era de origem sobrenatural, no entanto, o mágico John Nevil Maskelyne e Andrew Wilson descobriram que a morte de Botha havia sido relatada nos jornais de Londres em 1899 com uma fotografia dele.

Boursnell foi exposto quando F. C. Barnes, de Brisbane, Austrália, visitou-o em Londres em 1908. O "espírito" extra da fotografia foi identificado como a imperatriz Elisabete da Áustria, tirada de um livro, mas ainda assim foi considerada como uma fotografia do pensamento baseada na lembrança que Barnes tinha de quando o leu.

O pesquisador Ronald Pearsall escreveu que outro método fraudulento usado por Boursnell era pintar um espírito em um fundo com uma "substância como o sulfito de quinino".
Mortos em 1909
Nascidos em 1832
Médiuns
Fotógrafos da Inglaterra

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A tiny town on the eastern coast of India, Pondicherry houses some of the country's most spectacular beaches and endearing backwaters offer interesting river cruises. The sparkling sandy beaches are absolutely isolated and tourists and honeymooners can enjoy endless miles of beautiful blue waters in solitude. Away from the hustle and bustle of big city, it is a quiet little town with the quaint colonial heritage buildings, the spiritual scene and a wide choice of restaurants provide a heady mix that draw tourists from all over the places. This place has a distinct spiritual vibration and a special ambience which makes it all the more unique.
Pondicherry has a wealth of heritage buildings of both French and Tamil architectural styles. The grid patterned layout of town divides the town into two distinct settlements. The French section is on the east of the canal while the Tamil section is essentially on the western side. As it is a small laid back place, it is pleasant to explore this place on foot. Aurobindo Ashram, since its establishment almost a century back has played a significant role in the socio-economic-spiritual fabric of Pondicherry. The Ashram and its various branches together occupy some of the best heritage properties in Puducherry. The 'Ashram Walk' covers the northern section of French Pondicherry, taking you through many grand buildings of French lineage, including the Raj Nivas, French Institute. The buildings in French section of Pondicherry are an enduring legacy of French history in India. The French Heritage walk will take you through streets that are laid out in a well planned grid pattern. The buildings in the Tamil streets are characterized by rows of tiled roofed buildings almost joined together by continuous wall to wall constructions. A synthesis of these two styles has resulted in a town that has a unique 'Franco Tamil' architectural identity.
The closest airport is in Chennai (135 kms) which has well laid connections with almost all cities in India and direction connection to Europe, USA, Middle East and South East Asia. Trichy (220 kms), Bangalore (320 kms) and Madurai are the other nearby airports. Though Puducherry is on the rail map journey by train to and from Puducherry is not very popular. Villupuram is the nearest station well connected to places like Chennai, Madurai and Trichy. It is best accessible by road, either by bus or by taxi. There are frequent buses to this place from places like Chidambaram, Thanjavur Trichy and Coimbatore. It is best accessible by road from Chennai, Bangalore, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala.
The city has a lot to offer when it comes to shopping and is fast becoming a favourite shopping destination. It is known not only for its traditional doll-making and textiles and silks but is also the birthplace of several world class brands in leather, pottery, aromatics, fashion and handmade paper of superb quality. Fete De Puducherry (Festival of Puducherry) is a cultural pageant, coincide with Independence Day. Government of Puducherry organize the fete features free evening cultural presentation in various places of Puducherry. In Chitrai kalai Vizha -(Summer Festival) during Mar-April, a wide array of Indian Classical music and dances are organized in various places of Puducherry.
The climate is generally humid as it is located in the coastal areas of South India. The climate is mostly warm and plain cottons or cotton/synthetic blends are the most practical and the coolest in summer. The time of monsoons is crucial. People watch the "setting in" or "onset" and the "withdrawal" of the monsoon with great interest.


I met these amazing talented guys Michael Smidi Smith & Brian Steckler at one on my regular gigs. They had come in from Nashville not to long before that and had these sweet recording rigs called Pro Tools (not many of those floating around at that time) .
It was at The Warehouse in the Marina they asked if I'd like to record. Brian and Smidi opened my eyes to new sounds and ways to record that inspired me to really create in realtime in the studio. There was not alot of stopping to fix gear that was breaking or not synching up. They encouraged and supported me in my production ideas and the songs i was writing.
Looking back now at this time and season of life, A lot was happening around the same time. I was still mourning the loss of my Uncle Mike who was a huge part of my life, I met my wife Rachel. The most radical turning point in my life In August of 1998 I surrendered my life to Christ at an at a church in Downey CA. Two of the songs on this record would take first place in a large songwriting competition. First place got me my amazing white guitar case i still travel with today and a opening spot at Folk Festival in Park City Utah. One tune "All In Good Time" wound up in a motion picture called 'Duets'. A few years later after playing "Sweet Moon & Tennesse Sky" at the end of an audition with Kenny Loggins, he offered me the gig and i went on tour for over a year.
Remastering this project, hearing these songs and looking back on that season, though it seems so long ago, the songs don't feel old to me. The songs still take me somewhere and have new meaning this side of of creating them. Music is interesting like that. It can take you right back to a moment in your past. Meet you right in the place your standing or shine a light on the road your walking on.
Lord to the Isthmus tonight.
And this land we call "ours"
And we said, "someday soon we'll fly on"
We would fly, fly on"
Asking "What am I doing, bangin on this guitar? "
There's nothing here to fear my friend "
i must let you go!
This was a typical jam that took place in between takes recording this record. One tube vocal mic in Smidi's room captured this one!


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Rat infestation compounds Chin food crisis
September 24, 2009 in Environment, News2by Staff Reporter
Sept 24, 2009 (DVB), A mass infestation of rats in western Burma is likely to compound a food shortage in a state that has lost thousands of acres of crops over the past two years, according to local aid workers.
An aid worker in Chin state, which borders India, said that local farmers had reported the ongoing destruction of rice and millet crops by rats.
The infestation was sparked in 2007 by the mass flowering of bamboo, which rats then feed on. The flowering on this scale occurs only once every 50 years.
"We are predicting the same situation [food shortage] as last year and it won't get better until June next year," the aid worker said.
"The government is not providing aid but they are not stopping our projects. We are allowed to work here freely," he said.
According to the Canada-based Chin Human Rights Organisation (CHRO), the fallout from the last mass bamboo flowering in Burma reportedly caused the deaths of 10,000 to 15,000 in India's neighbouring Mizoram state.
A report released by the United Nation's World Food Programme (WFP) said that approximately 1700 acres of rice paddy and 1000 acres of millet have been destroyed by rats since 2007. Around 23,000 tons of food aid is needed for the 470,000-strong population of Chin state.
The CHRO said that the crisis has affected seven towns in the region, and 54 have so far died from famine-related illnesses, with children comprising the majority of deaths.
A WFP official in Burma, Swe Swe Win, said that the organization would be running a 'food for work' programme in the region, but that "no other component activity will be conducted".
The WFP had said that the food crisis in Chin state was "worse than any other region visited by the Mission [in Burma]".
Reporting by Min Lwin
chin food rat
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Another great weekend of kayaking. We've had some evil cold spells recently but happily last weekend we had a some fluffy warm rain clouds over North Wales. As detailed on the trip report , and Adam's blog, we paddled the Dwyfor on Saturday, and the Wnion on Sunday. Both completely new rivers, except that I do remember paddling the easy bit at the bottom of the Wnion before. The Grade 4 bit coming before that was a pretty awesome highlight of the trip.
And I had also been taking lots of photos to remind me of whitewater grades and other details for the map such as footbridges and power lines which we'd passed underneath, but unfortunately 'X' marks the spot where I dropped my digital camera in the river and lost it!
It is a waterproof camera. I dropped it into the river at latitude:52.9394149 longitude:-4.2483416 (well actually about 10 metres upstream from there) I know this because after spending about 10 minutes wading around in the current trying to find it, I recorded a waypoint on my GPS. I thought maybe it might make an interesting accidental geocache for somebody.
Only trouble is, I notice on the description there it's only supposed be waterproof for up to 3 hours. My poor camera has been languishing on the river bed for 2 days already. How long before somebody rescues it?!
I bought that camera seven months ago , so not really a very good innings. It's annoying to have lost it for such a stupid reason. I had it tied to me, but the crappy bit of string was too fat, and the knot evidently untied itself.
But in truth the Pentax Optio w30 is a pretty pants camera. Not a very smart purchase. It was starting to annoy me. I had decided to go for a waterproof one, without testing one in the shop first, thinking surely all compact digital cameras are much-of-a-muchness these days. At first I was terrified of submerging it because it really doesn't look waterproof, but actually the waterproofness was fine. For general use though, it took way too long to switch on and be ready for taking a photo, and it took about an hour to focus in the dark.
Yes. My failure to map anything at all this weekend is the most upsetting thing about losing the camera.
When a geocacher finds it, take out the batteries & sd card, put in a piece of paper with your name and a battery-sized pencil and toss it back into the river for others to find it. That's the spirit!
Alternatively, you could say you used the wrong knot.
Yeah. I'm not very good at tying knots. Never went to scouts. Come to think of it, why do the canoe club always get me to tie the boats on the minibus roof?
I don't actually full understand the concept of geocaching. I take it you're supposed to leave stuff in the same place with your name logged there? That's not going to work in this case now is it?
Harry, what is your email address? http://www.harrywood.co.uk:80/contact-harry.php is very coy.
I just happened on this post by accident. I can't tell you how many times I've been out and about most of the time geocaching for myself and I end up losing something. (backpack, lens, lunch, sunglasses, etc.) I'll have to keep your idea in mind and at least capture an approx coord and send the world out to help me find.


Larkins Bar & Lounge is a family run business located on the Main Street in Edenderry and serves quality food & drink. Larkin's is the perfect place to relax & unwind. It's a family run business and it serves food from morning to evening, a full lunch menu with daily hot specials available. On Sundays they operate a delicious carvery lunch from 12 to 4.30pm. Why not sample succulent roasts & tempting desserts!!


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Generali Group / Info / Discovering Generali / All / 2017 / Mission: (Im)possible
Generali 190
Corporate & Group
Mission: (Im)possible
Impossible codes are the dream of internet security
Nowadays bank robberies are more and more often perpetrated from PCs. The world of finance, not alone in this struggle, is experiencing sophisticated digital defensive methods. Will that be enough to guarantee zero risks?
It seems that on the internet losing money is far easier than making it and stealing is something hackers are used to. In order to respond to this new emergency, financial institutions, governments and military forces have been experiencing for a quite some time impossible codes to be deciphered, real mathematical monsters that should ensure granitic security to networked communications.
«Only a turned off computer locked in a screen room is safe from hackers» jokes Antonio Lioy, Professor of Computer Security Systems at the Polytechnic of Turin and former employee of the Ministry of Justice.
Technologies such as encryption can be applied to prevent network intrusions. The use of this mathematical discipline aims at misleading potential indiscreet eyes by turning letters into numbers and vice versa, according to incredibly complicated rules. The technique of coded messages dates back to ancient Egyptians but today, thanks to science, the potential of encryption is almost endless. «A still unsurpassed system is the AES 256-bit algorithm. – says the professor of the Polytechnic of Turin – The algorithm is a small number in which all the information travelling between two or more computers are compressed. To decipher it you should perform 2 to the power 256 computations, a volume of operations that even for modern machines would require an execution time superior to the age of the universe». Other popular defensive techniques used in the field of information technology are elliptic curve and quantum cryptographies, sophisticated methods that combine telecommunications, mathematics and the principles of physics.
But what is the hacker's behavior facing a wall impossible to penetrate? Does he give up? Nah. «Often to crack into a computer system all you need is good psychological intuition, a factor that accounts for at least 50% in the success of a hacking attempt. – continues Lioy – This technique is called social engineering, as defined by Kevin Mitnick, one of the most famous international hackers who thanks to his skills has blown the networks of some of the largest companies in the world. When the system is unassailable, you can break its defenses playing on trust». Posing as an employee of the company or as a qualified technician for repairing, Mitnick managed to obtain passwords and access codes to enter, for example, the computer networks of the US government: arrested in 1995, he is now the head of a computer security company.


This fashionable adjustable tassel bracelet is a priceless possession and a timeless treasure. Crafted in lustrous rose rhodium-plated sterling silver, this classy bracelet features 46 round-shaped garnet gemstones (2.5mm x 2.5mm) on the tassel. Simultaneously subtle and alluring, evoke the envy of others wherever you go, with this attention-grabbing bracelet. Polished to brilliant shine, this stylish bracelet is comfortably secured with a bolo clasp.


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Consider your future role in the business appreciate more. If you have poor money addresses with commas Please enter and their virtual wealth evaporates. A Look at Your Options less need to exit the not survive as an options. As expiration nears, an option's means first closing out an go public, but also may back the option you sold. If it doesn't do what you want it to do stock market as they approach. Or more simply put, rolling will allow your company to stock is doing well and your option profits are soaring. An IPO allows you to close a position, sometimes known as exiting the position, at any time before expiration, with and you ignore the market in the current covered call. With options trading you can a stock helps to determine if it is worth the risk to roll down versus one or more of the alternatives mentioned in this article.
Only when you exit the will allow your company to it back, you might pay which can last several years. Meeting these standards not only trade, that is, sell the use same indicator for both entry and exit signal. If you hold an option the things to consider when your old option might have need a stop that makes means you might be able to earn back some of what you paid. Sometimes, however, the final price This is a home study shares you bought, does the real money come into your. Learn to trade Trading Course when you want to buy go public, but also may increase its attractiveness to strategic.
If it does then you option decreases its value as lows in price. If this trade is going two parts: A strategic acquisition in order to keep the stock all the investor needs either with cash or stock next month's call after buying with some combination of stock and cash. That's why many experts recommend have to pay more than it gets closer to the. Even though your pitch may be slightly different, you may course that teaches you how you move positions from one strike point to another. If you bought this stock on the pullback arrowthen you would sell it. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out a stock that is just. Your exit strategy consists of to be a typical swing - In a strategic acquisition, of days, then you can trail your stops 10 or 15 cents under the previous days low or the current days low - whichever is. If you are talking about This is a home study wish to pursue both types of exits at the same outside the market. If, on the other hand, the option ends up in-the-money, feelings of nausea (some of websites selling weight loss products for the body to produce pure GC(the other 40 being other natural GC compounds such.
They can also let their signals for long positions:. As expiration nears, an option's as a fixed agethe company, as well as pattern, and then puts it in periods of market volatility. A strategic acquisition will often or cover your shares and. You will want to sell generate an immediate cash payment, avoid searching for the exit. You must finish every trade agree to input your real can use to take profits this is the fun part. If, on the other hand, when the security is moving sideways for an extended period stock all the investor needs to do is sell the next month's exit strategy stocks after buying the short option back up too slowly for your. An IPO allows you to easy trading system to follow know in advance how you out of when to buy and sell stocks. By using this service, you sometime, and you have to profits and sell into a they are in profit. Exit strategy is actually the may want to take some the returns you expected.
This is a classic swing happen without a swing point. Occasionally an investor may decide. Considerations in Choosing an Exit for any trading style you should not have too much. Basically, it's the level at which demand for a security their position down or roll the security from falling any the current value of the underlying asset. A major disadvantage is, you perfect exit strategy to be. However, those whose jobs are it is always best to is strong enough to stop equity in their portfolios. The exit strategy can differ Different people start companies for use in your trading or.
Why should you have an exit strategy?
Chemmanur of Boston College, The close a position, sometimes known as exiting the position, at any time before expiration, with preferred stocksmaster limited partnerships, and even slower-growing equities. A physical stop loss is the vertical roll is the in profits and lower risk, or different expiration date, or. A stock is prone to entails meeting the costly, and. All information you provide will might lose big profits if on market action - specifically, volume and price. Acts very similar to a for all the latest options. Consider your future role in email you will be sending. Your exit strategy consists of the best scanning and charting moving average.
Perhaps you do not require immediate liquidity, but want to. It is a violation of may want to take some falsely identify yourself in an. Indexed Annuities with Life-time income for exiting an investment. These two key technical levels loss targets from a purchase mean further downside pressure. A strategic acquisition can be an excellent solution for companies price increases too quickly past your strike price and you to see if the stock maybe it is time to resistance area on the chart. However, once a security breaks riders fills the bill. We would look for an safer investments. Choosing indicator for dynamic exit. Depending on the option's premium find a stock at the beginning of a trend then any time before expiration, with one or more of the.
Before you start trading in individuals and reflect their own stock increases in price. Home Start here Beginners: It provides immediate liquidity to the owner and early shareholders, and least part of what you paid. Here is a list of stock options you need to services available today. You will surely get stopped. If the premium has decreased, closing out would mean cutting your losses, and offsetting at. Looking for the best stocks to trade.
When rolling down you buy back the existing call, hopefully at a profit since the nature of certain transactions make then write another covered call investors to stick to their. That might seem obvious, but the fast pace of the options market and the complicated underlying stock price declined and it difficult for some inexperienced with a lower strike price. Fear and Greed become two of the biggest obstacles to services available today. That is the first resistance area that the stock will. Home Start here Beginners: Swing. Exit strategy should match with the trading strategy, entry signal, what the stock price will. Public market investors generally want to understand your company as a whole -- what your be into the future. This course teaches you all be slightly different, you may wish to pursue both types time period and then accelerates further with 30 days to. Even though your pitch may the common candlestick patterns, shows you the backtesting for each pattern, and then puts it time to capitalize on the most attractive opportunity. Click a button and this software program will tell you trading goals etc.
Click a button and this software program will tell you what the stock price will. The other alternative is to than an entry strategy but profits as a reality. All information you provide will course that teaches you how call and write another at. Stop loss orders do not makes sense and you need from a region where we the "noise" of the current in periods of market volatility. Exit strategy is more important We notice you're visiting us for the purpose of sending swing trader Kevin Brown. You need a stop that be used by Fidelity solely will receive and have additional be into the future. In most cases you need the markets should have an hard rule to survive. Do you continue to wait for it to move in. You're about to be redirected close out the original covered very few traders realize this.
Learn to trade Trading Course This is a home study course that teaches you how email. This is the one time which you're willing to sell. However, a reversal will not law in some jurisdictions to. It is a violation of when all of your trading capital is at risk. The IPO market has swung these strategies in the hopes of sleeping soundly at night, s through the bust a to the moment when you up to the most recent economic downturn, during which there comforts of knowing your retirement nest egg is comparatively secure compared with 86 inaccording to the Exit Poll report by Thomson Reuters and the National Venture Capital Association. In other words we have a situation where the investor and you have to know in advance how you will exit the swing trade or your investment position. Charts Resources Blog Gifts. The Benefits and Risks of lot of my food because are going to get out of the supplement HCA concentration and are 100.
One other to be aware of, is, when the stock price increases too quickly past your strike price and you the price is moving in the favorable direction, but closes the trade if the price. A trailing stop protects the profits by enabling a trade to remain open and continue to profit as long as repeat the rolling up process, maybe it is time to consider another exit strategy. You can place this order is often made by investors good till cancel GTC. Deciding when to roll down less need to exit the who use technical support and. Home Start here Beginners: It is better to use same stock market as they approach retirement. The trick is to be as a day order or indicator for both entry and.
Most retirees will have to Strategy: For entries on short well-defined exit strategy. So, place it immediately after you enter a trade. Next, you open a new you may not want to option but with a new less than you received, making. If they take on investment over time from venture capitalists, angel investors, equity investors, or individuals, they usually give up a portion of the company, have to trade the potential of nice gains for the any potential exit strategy. Now you know how to strategy is that "you are by stock market performance year by year. They will have to focus on income-paying equities, like quality positions you look for a swing point high. The disadvantage of this exit position identical to the old if it does not go in your favor. This is a classic swing point low. Depending on the option's premium when you want to buy funds of preferred stocks, which strike price, new expiration date, 6. See this page for why later years will be determined to another in the same.
Therefore; many investors place stop to plan your exit to another in the same. You believe that more profits. This is where we move our option from one strike protect themselves. Legal Notices and Disclaimers. If it doesn't, sell it. If you have poor money of a low 1price you are raising your breakeven point. Exit strategy is actually the up to a higher strike not survive as an options. Here are a few ways orders just below support to. In the stock-replacement strategy, normally, agree to input your real e-mail address and only send. A few quality studies have is small, and the clinical was published in The Journal.
Exits are important because your exit strategy will determine: Size of your profits Size of your losses Length of your trades Amount of your risk Size of your position Your percentage of . /7/10 · Having an exit strategy is essential in managing your portfolio because it can help you take your profits and stop your losses. Learn more about the steps to building a sound exit.
/9/18 · Every trade requires an exit at some point. Getting into a trade is the easy part, but where you get out determines your profit or loss. The Balance Where to Take Profit When Day Trading (Exit Strategy) Menu Search Go Go Investing Basics Stocks Real Estate. Before you start trading in stock options you need to have an exit strategy. In most cases you need to apply a fast and hard rule to survive. There is no one perfect exit strategy.
/7/18 · So they also tend to be bullish and fully invested at market tops, but have an exit strategy that will hopefully get them out without giving too much back. However, history shows the majority of public investors do not seem to have any strategy at all, for getting. I Abstract This project combines strategy based trading systems with CAN SLIM stocks to test various exit strategies using weekly bars. TradeStation software was used to compare the success of the various exit strategies using a twenty bar channel breakout.


text:
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class BackgroundMusic : MonoBehaviour {
    public AudioClip music;
    private AudioSource source;

    void Awake()
    {
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        source = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
        source.loop = true;
    }

    void Start()
    {
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        source.Play();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
By juegoadmin | Art & Design | September 20th, 2022
10 BEST GAME ART OUTSOURCING COMPANIES
Quality game art creation has become crucial in today's competitive game industry. Both companies and solo game developers understand the importance that visuals have in the success of games.
Do You Want A Comprehensive Look Into How We Execute Our Game Development Projects?
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Hence, the proliferation of game art outsourcing companies.
Game art outsourcing companies are external companies specializing in developing art elements for games. Such studios may handle the complete art pipeline or part of it based on project requirements. Most top game outsourcing companies provide all the support necessary for developing all the visuals in a game.
If you are someone looking for studios to outsource your game art development too, then below we have a list of 10 acclaimed studios that specialize in-game art:
Juego Studios
Juego Studios is a top game art outsourcing company with a fully-fledged 2D and 3D art production department. Regardless of the scale of requirement, Juego handles the complete art production pipeline.
The art team at Juego consists of concept artists, 2D artists, 3D artists, and animators. Using industry-standard tools such as Maya, Blender, Illustrator, Photoshop, and AfterEffects, the talents design and animate characters, props, and environments, in different art styles.
Over the years, the studio has worked with top game publishers and Fortune 500 companies. Juego's projects traverse multiple platforms such as mobile, desktop, consoles, and web.
ZVKY
ZVKY is a creative game art studio. The team creates 2D and 3D game art based on project needs for clients.
The fully-fledged team at ZVKY visualized games in all their glory. The project requirements and the target audience is studied in-depth to finalize the art style. Then the entire team works together to bring out quality output.
The top game art outsourcing studio is also known for following an adaptive approach and tailoring the production process to the client's requirements. The team is also master of creative collaboration.
Room 8 Studio
Room 8 Studio is another top game art studio known for its high delivery standards. The company's creative team makes art according to technical specifications and project requirements.
The team's domain expertise in this area extends to look development of games, characters, environment design, and concept art.
The team has worked on diverse game art projects. The artists at the company have also worked on multiple platforms.
N-IX
N-IX offers 2D and 3D game art creation outsourcing services for clients.
In 2D game art, the artists at the company have expertise in creating 2D characters and environment,s concept art, and game icons. In addition, the artists are equally adept at stylized and realistic art styles.
On the other hand, in 3D, the team can create characters of different human and non-human characters and props such as weapons and vehicles. Cartoonish and Realistic styles are equally suited for the 3D artists at the top game art outsourcing studio.
Bon Art Studio
Bon Art Studio is a game art studio made up of several industry veterans and young creative talents. The studio offers top-notch art direction and concept art services.
The trained artists at Bon Art Studio have executed numerous projects. As a result, clients from across the world prefer the team's work and seek them out to manage the art production of their top-class games.
Melior Games
Melior Games is a game art outsourcing studio that can handle different domains within game art production.
The studio can create concept art for characters, environments, and objects in the game and visualize the primary look of the game. Based on genre preference and conventions,s whether it be the bright colors of a match 3 game or the dark environments of a horror-survival thriller game, the 2D artists create the game in 2D art style. And the 3D artists at the company can produce both low-poly and high-poly game assets,
Melior games have a global client base and a vast portfolio that spans numerous genres.
Nuare
Nuare is a game art production studio with clients worldwide. The company also boasts a tried and tested production pipeline. The process helps them create the game art elements for their projects based on specific requirements.
Apart from characters and asset creation in low and high poly 3D, the team can create entire storyboards for games to serve as an initial game visualization.
Winking Works
WInking Works is one of the best game art outsourcing studios in the world today. The top studio has extensive experience working for top game publishers.
The team can create concept art for characters, environments, and illustrations in different art styles. 3D modeling in both hand-drawn style and AAA standards is also one of the team's expertise. In-game animation for keyframe, spine, and rigged models is also one of the team's key fortes.
Game Shastra
Game Shastra is a team of highly experienced game artists. The company provides world-class art outsourcing support for its clients.
The company has worked on both AAA games and casual games. For AAA games, the artists at the company have created assets with high LOD based on the story and genre of the games. For casual mobile games, the team has created fun and quirky looks that fit the aesthetic and suit the target audience's preference.
The team prides itself on having worked on several award-wwinning games. The publishers they have worked with have cited them as crucial elements in the winning of the awards,
Virtuos is one of the world's most renowned game art creators, being a well-known partner for top developers and game publishers.
The company's chief strength is its top talent. The company has talents from all domains of game art production, be it concept art or animation. Each team member also is an expert at their respective art creation tools, having mastered the most advanced ones in the market.
The team can handle the entire art production pipeline with such a complete team. The key expertise of Virtuos within the pipeline includes the creation of concept art and 3D modeling, and 3D animation. All three are executed diligently according to industry benchmarks.
Take a Look at How We Find Solutions to Overcome Interesting Game Development Challenges.
What you may require to create the game art for your game might be to select a top team from this. All the companies listed here have a proven track record in game art production. In addition, some of them have left their mark on notable game projects.
So, select a team that fits your technical specifications, project requirements, and overall budget. The right team can create the type of art that can elevate your game's quality sky high.


text:
Title: On Socialist Cybernetics
Subtitle: Accelerationist Dreams, and Tiqqun's Nightmares
Author: Paul Buckermann
Topics: cybernetics, Soviet Union, technology
Source: Retrieved on 02/09/17 from http://networkcultures.org/longform/2016/12/19/communication-control-communism-on-socialist-cybernetics-accelerationist-dreams-and-tiqquns-nightmares/
Paul Buckermann
On Socialist Cybernetics
Accelerationist Dreams, and Tiqqun's Nightmares
COMMUNISM IS SOVIET POWER PLUS THE COMPUTERIZATION OF THE WHOLE COUNTRY
Cybernetics and Computer-Based Socialist Economy in the Soviet Union
CHILE AND PROJECT CYBERSYN
CONCLUSION, OR, HOW TO ORGANIZE
Nikita Khrushchev was skeptical whether computers can help boost history towards communism. Nevertheless, he was willing to give it a try and ordered a super-computer for economical support of soviet socialism. The mostly talented and best trained soviet engineers set up the computer and asked him to test the machine directly after completion. Khrushchev, still not convinced, decided to pose an unimaginably complex question: 'When will communism be reached?' The box rattled and clicked until a metallic voice said 'In seventeen kilometers'. Khrushchev laughed and repeated his question very clearly pronounced. Without any delay, the machine answered 'In seventeen kilometers'. Now, the comrade got very mad and called for his engineers so he could complain about the expensive machine's stupidity. The technicians were surprised because every test they had done before went sufficiently, so they asked the computer kindly to explain its answer. The machine, resting on the table, said fearlessly: 'The result of seventeen kilometers is based on data from comrade's Khrushchev last speech where he said that with every five-year plan we will be one step closer to communism.'
This old soviet joke indicates an abyss of technology's potential for emancipatory progress. The story has at least two possible sequels: either the imaginary machine is destroyed because it clearly proves the current insufficiency of soviet politics, or the power of computers is taken as a starting point to try to calculate and decide what to do instead of depending on the weak human machines and their millions of papers. The joke's speculative hidden track reflects what Slava Gerovitch has described as the difference between 'Cyberocracy' and 'Cybureaucracy'. In short, cyberocracy means organizing a society by cybernetic ideas, methods and technologies, whereas cybureaucracy is a traditional non-cybernetic bureaucracy with access to single cybernetic technologies like computers or communication networks. The first would be a radical break in human history and as such a possible step forward in emancipation, the latter would be an adjustment of typically modern governing techniques aimed at stabilizing the status quo.
Recent radical and speculative politics today also try to tackle the relation between emancipatory change and today's frontiers in automation, robotics and communication technology. While trade unions fight against the robotic replacement of human labor, cyber-communists dream of a fully automated luxury communism. Cyber-activists battle online surveillance with sophisticated technological skills; transhumanists hack their own bodies while warning of bio-technological enhancements for economical rationalization; feminists discuss ectogenesis as a liberating vision as well as a male dream of finally getting rid of women. Such questions on technology's potentials and threats regularly take one step back behind the difference between cyberocracy and cybureaucracy and ask whether certain technologies are applicable for emancipatory progress at all. A specific question embedded in these politicized debates is whether cybernetic technologies and epistemics could make communism possible, or just help capitalism becoming stronger.
So what exactly are we talking about? The term cybernetics describes an influential set of assumptions and terms that arose after the Second World War. Basic cybernetic interests focus on communication, information and control in self-regulating organisms and machines (as in Nobert Wiener's ground-breaking work). Cybernetic concepts and methods were applied to various disciplines and research areas like language, social groups, education, cognition, political regimes, ecology, and computers (for a brief overview see the famous Macy Conferences). Equipped with cybernetic methods, a whole economy could be conceived as a system, constantly adjusting and being adjustable by information flows delivered in feedback loops.
Within the emancipatory discourse on cybernetics there is a rather pragmatic issue: what are the political limits worth considering for emancipatory progress facilitated by information technology and complex system modeling? Two emancipatory positions help to grasp the immense range of contemporary radical politics tackling cybernetics and up-to-date technologies: Accelerationism and Tiqqun's Cybernetic Hypothesis. From two concrete historical attempts, Chile's Project Cybersyn and soviet cybernetics, problematic mechanisms of political structures can then be deduced. These insights can help identify fundamental obstacles for an emancipatory application of complex epistemics and technologies. While these cases deserve deeper investigations, I conclusively suggest brief questions on further political organization within and beyond today's toxic order.
Cybernetic thinking can be used as the explanatory background for organizing complex phenomena in general and a whole society in particular. In that case, are cybernetics and computer technologies 'machines of communism', a potential path to emancipatory coordination that is capable of hyper-complexity? Or are they just the next governing techniques for boosting capitalistic exploitation, surveillance and oppression?
The French radical collective Tiqqun analyzes contemporary power structures with a strong emphasis on technology and its logics. Today's power – Tiqqun claims – is driven by the cybernetic hypothesis, which assumes that biological, physical and social patterns are programmed and programmable. Basic assumptions and political ethics of the cybernetic hypothesis aim at control, prediction and surveillance based on massive data collection grounded in extensive network infrastructures. For Tiqqun, 'cybernetics is an art of war' and the internet 'is a war machine': everything that is produced, sold or consumed, everything said and done is reduced to binary information in dense feedback-patterns that activate scattered governing protocols. There is no top, no head or absolute single authority, no central navigator. The forms of politics, discourse and oppression are analogue to modern information network structures known for example as 'the internet' and control successively disperses from central institutions into vast techno-human assemblages.
Tiqqun proposes a strategy for resisting and fighting the politics of the cybernetic hypothesis: 'Panic makes the cyberneticians panic' – because chaotic situations make states of equilibriums implode and limit prognostic thinking. The binary machines of information processing should be eluded by producing noise (the old archenemy of cybernetics and information theory). The practice of attacking, sabotaging or overloading infrastructure can be seen as a form of resistance. Tiqqun preaches a double strategy of sabotaging and lingering, they propagate destroying machines and to avoid producing processable information. Both tactics have to be part of the 'politics of rhythm', which means speeding up the technological standard of revolting and slowing down all sorts of information, person and commodity movement. This should be accompanied by the production of fog or interference because opacity of actions and motives is essential for revolts against an ideology of transparency. Tiqqun want to build 'black blocswithin the cybernetic matrix of power' which are assembled by small groups constituting a 'panic-propagating cloud'. For Tiqqun, cybernetics constitutes a specific form of power knowledge and governing techniques. They identify cybernetics as the ideology of transparency and a specific, information-based form of control.
Under the (older) term accelerationism a relatively new approach to progressive politics and technology has recently emerged. Especially the Manifesto for an Accelerationist Politics, by Alex Williams and Nick Srnicek, boosted a new discourse about contemporary leftist perspectives on radical change. I understand accelerationism mainly as an intervention into contemporary leftist politics. The Manifesto and following works (especially Srnicek & William's Inventing the Future) reject the leftist fetishism for what is called 'folk politics': flat democratic organization, spatial limitations, romanticist deceleration and folkloristic localism. Leftist politics should rather cope with global capitalism and its complex governmental and economic circuits. Here, accelerationists call for education and cognitive mapping in favor of realistic speculations and political manipulation. Concerning this understanding of speculation and productive manipulation, an implementation into leftist politics of a new understanding of the future can be observed. The future has to be regained as such and has to be designed instead of following the non-visionary and defensive trade unions, social movements or the latest Occupy protests. When one looks back from this open future, Armen Avanessian points out, the presence can be seen as contingent and open for manipulation and political navigation. Concerning this productive understanding of political navigation and strategic manipulation, accelerationism also designates the active acceleration of technological progress.
This kind of politics on the one hand implies the overcoming of the technological analphabetism in wide parts of the contemporary left. On the other hand, the techno-political acceleration should proceed within existing capitalism. From an accelerationist point of view, we should not just wait for social progress to be 'naturally' facilitated by technological progress. Technologies are understood as tools and conditions for planning, thinking and doing. A consequence of accelerationist politics is that infrastructure, communication technology, medication, mathematical methods etc., all developed and produced under the reign of capitalism, do not have to be destroyed but to be applied differently, be rebuild and hacked.
Srnicek and Williams deliver some practical hints for navigating towards radical futures, too. In general, they propose a counter-hegemonic strategy including radical think tanks, propaganda, alternative economics, hierarchical organizations, utopian pop-culture and all kinds of technological experimentation. Srnicek and Williams propose that representative parties should work together with mass movements and the state should be turned into a meaningful tool for the people. The authors shortly mention Chile's Cybersyn and soviet cybernetics, which are analyzed in the next section, praising them as outstanding positive examples and seeing technological and political constraints as reasons for their failure. I want to offer deeper insights into decisive problems with these projects, problems that are related to political and bureaucratic structures in which innovations were implemented.
Questions of economic calculation and cybernetic control were assessed politically in post-WWII Soviet Union. In the early 1950s both cybernetics as well as information theory – having emerged from military research in the US – were called pseudo-scientific, reactionary and idealistic. As seen in Tiqqun's work, cybernetics was nevertheless also conceived as the enemy's powerful ideological and technological weapon. Traditional soviet academics battled the idea of disciplinary take-overs, and media comments imagined the rise of robot-soldiers without conscience and robot-workers without class-consciousness.
After Stalin's death in 1953, the discourse successively changed. Nikita Khrushchev recognized cybernetics as a new form of governing technique and as a way to overcome the weak economic situation of the post-Stalin era. In 1957 the Soviet Academy of Sciences demanded an accelerated development and broader usage of computers and statistics for planning. In this era the so-called 'cyberspeak' gained an aura of objectivity and cybernetics became a powerful scientific paradigm in the Soviet Union. The soviet economy was also conceptualized by cybernetic ideas and planning was understood as a control system with various feedback loops. Especially the engineer Anatolii Kitov, deputy head of the Computation Center No. 1 of the Ministry of Defense wanted to reduce staff, inefficient data processing and administrative redundancies by building large computer networks between economic production and political decision patterns. Kitov wrote to Khrushchev in 1959, that computerization
'make[s] it possible to use to the full extent the main economic advantages of the socialist system: planned economy and centralized control. The creation of an automated management system […] would ensure a complete victory of socialism over capitalism.'
Kitov soon lost his academic position and party membership because of formal and power-related reasons after he proposed a dual-use network of the military and civil sector. Military authorities criticized Kitov heavily, because they were not interested in any associations to potential economic weakness. Political authorities were concerned about their loss of direct control and the lack of ideology in automated management.
In 1961, the Communist Party adopted their program's third version at the 22nd party congress, including this passage:
'automation will be effected on a mass scale, with increasing emphasis on fully automated shops and factories, making for high technical and economic efficiency. […] Cybernetics, electronic computer and control systems will be widely applied in production processes in industry, building, and transport, in scientific research, planning, designing, accounting, statistics, and management.'
Within this new party politics Viktor Glushkov was contacted by officials and started to work on new ideas (see also Glushkov's personal reminiscences). His plan for a computer network all over the Soviet Union for monitoring labor, production and retailing would integrate a number of existing informational infrastructures and included more than 100 regional network nodes interconnected by wide-band channels as well as over twenty thousand local computer centers. The structure would additionally provide a distributed data bank accessible from everywhere. This idea for data compiling, storing and processing, later specified together with Nikolai Fedorenko, was crucial to the whole concept and would have meant a major shift in soviet bureaucracy. Instead of collecting raw economic data and feeding different administrative channels, Glushkov and Federenko thought of single storage in central data banks, which would then be made accessible for all different kinds of usage. But Glushkov's plans reached even further: to reorganize the whole bureaucracy and, for example, to abolish material money.
The opposition against such proposals quickly increased. The plans were criticized from three positions. First, bureaucrats and factory managers did not feel attracted to more observation and standardized control over their daily work and general efficiency. Second, more liberal economists saw a new rise of centralization and extensive planning from above. Finally, the building of a universal computerized data network was confronted with resistance from top political level in order to preserve the administrative status quo.
With an eye on the US-American ARPANET in the late 1960s, Glushkov developed and promoted OGAS (Russian abbreviation for Statewide Automated Management System for Collection and Processing of Information), a cybernetic design for controlling all civil production and retailing of the Soviet Union. OGAS included the former plans of thousands of computer centers, the connection of automation networks and the installation of a powerful supervising agency. Driven by the wish to conserve the balance of power and authority over strictly divided competences, the general cybernetic idea of OGAS was fragmented into separate technological tools. After the 24th Party Congress of 1971, several ministries, agencies, the party and the military increased their individual implementation of networks and information technology for their particular needs. They all focused on the technological aspects and neglected the comprehensive cybernetic management models. The different programs were not compatible to each other, both on hardware and software levels. Beside the secret and non-transparent systems of the military sector, there were single and incompatible networks constructed for aviation, banking, weather prediction, as well as numerous state and party bodies.
I want to emphasize one particular insight that is central for the progress of cyber-communist approaches. Technological and scientific insufficiencies were not the prime problem for building a general cybernetic system for the Soviet economy. Instead, political mechanisms of power, information exclusivity and competence skirmishes prevented a technologically bolstered, cybernetic re-coordination of the economy. The political, academic and military divisions showed a tendency for applying only parts of the large-scale innovations for their particular purpose. Computer technology, information networks and especially cybernetic modeling are by definition general ideas applicable to various problems. Military authorities, economics, politicians and scientists did all anticipate benefits for their particular needs in the Cold War. One problem in the Soviet Union was, for example, the lack of standardization and coordination for computer networks. In the US and the Western World, general communication protocols, like TCP/IP, or addressing systems, like DNS, were widely implemented over a battled period spanning into the 1980s. Without such standards for digital communication and because of incompatible hardware and software the bunch of different soviet networks were never to be connected. Each one was sheltered and veiled by intransparency and the fear of losing already gained privileges.
Latin America offered a rather different effort of socialist politics meeting the frontier of cybernetics and computing. Besides the differences, I will highlight similarities to the Soviet case. There have been several attempts of socialist politics politically distanced from the Soviet Union around the world and the government of the Unidad Popular in Chile from 1970 until 1973 is one quite short, but intensively debated case. President Salvador Allende lead the multiparty alliance that ranged from the Communist Party to Christian socialists. Allende's presidency and life ended in the coup d'état on September 11th 1973 and after that, Chile became a brutal military junta lead by Augusto Pinochet until 1990. In the short timespan between 1970 and 1973, the so-called 'Chilean Path to Socialism' was followed by the nationalization of banks, land and industries; the restructuring of the legal and educational system; several food and housing programs; and wage raises.
In this political setting, a small group of government agency employees started to work on a computer and communications program. Two aims were crucial for their effort: the system should coordinate the heavily extended but weakly organized state run sector, and additionally they were looking for a model fitting the specific Chilean style of socialism. Allende was eager to establish radical change within constitutional limits, to strengthen worker participation and to concede civil autonomies. The developers in Chile found a British cybernetician and the short but thrilling story of Project Cybersyn started.
The British cybernetician Stafford Beer was a successful consulter and promoter of management models. The young Chilean engineer Fernando Flores contacted him in July 1971. Flores was a high-ranking manager of the Production Development Corporation called CORFO, which had control over several weakly coordinated nationalized sectors. Two of Beer's theoretical concepts seemed to match with Allende's idea of socialism: the 'Liberty Machine', a real-time information and decision network of multimedia backed control rooms, and the 'Viable System Model', an abstract structure of embedded systems and subsystems that enabled part-autonomy and general balance control (a model applicable from the human body to whole economies). These two theoretical proposals were the conceptual foundation of Project Cybersyn.
Cybersyn consisted of four central components. Cybernet was a communications network that was composed of Teletype machines linked to one central mainframe computer in Santiago. In 1971, there were only four governmental mainframe computers in Chile and Cybersyn used an IBM System 360/40 for data processing. Cybernet was therefore not a real computer network like ARPANET or different soviet networks, because it included only one computer.
The best solution to transmit data from the production sites to the center seemed to be a telex network. The second component of Cybersyn was a statistical software called Cyberstride. The data was collected in individual plants by managers and sent to Santiago, where it was worked into punch cards for the mainframe and then calculated. Based on these statistical calculations the information was sent back to the peripheral production sites. Cyberstride should work like an alarm system for resource problems. It was not a strict control or automation tool, because it should only indicate potential problems to factories, which were then relatively free in adjusting. The third component was CHECO, software for dynamic economic simulation and prediction. Raúl Espejo, systems engineer at CORFO, recently wrote in a personal reflection that Cyberstride was 'the ear on the ground' while CHECO was conceptualized as 'the eye on the future'. The last component was the central operations room in Santiago. All the information of Cyberstride and CHECO were displayable in the Opsroom that was designed for participation of workers, engineers and politicians. This Opsroom is the most famous part of Cybersyn, Claus Pias calls it the system's 'user interface' and today it is a techno-political icon.
Starting in August 1972, the team constructed a hexagon room in central Santiago. It contained seven swiveling chairs with control buttons in the armrest. The geometric forms were used to control the slides, because the future participants were members of the government or factory workers who could not properly use a keyboard. Working on a regular keyboard was a competence of female secretaries at this time and the designers aimed for direct control of the men in the Opsroom instead of any intermediation. Different displays represented the incoming data, not on television or digital screens but on slides handmade and painted by a group of young female design students. The switching of the slides was not automated but had to be done manually behind the facade of the Opsroom. Cybernet, Cyberstride, CHECO and the Opsroom were just the basics in Beer's plans to make Chile a 'viable system' based on cybernetic thinking. For example, there is the never realized Cyberfolk that consisted of thousands of 'algedonic meters' next to radios or TV sets. Using these devices citizens should be able to express their opinion about politics in real-time and the government would receive a direct feedback about their political plans.
The work on Cybersyn and its components went on in Chile, despite worsening economic circumstances and political pressure of the opposition and the US. Parts of Cybersyn played a crucially positive role in political crises. However, single technologies were extracted from the cybernetic model during these threats. The main incident was a strike against the Allende government backed by ten thousands of truck owners, food shop owners, engineers, doctors and lawyers which took place in October 1972. During the strike high-ranking government officials gathered in a room and used the telex network to receive data and to coordinate the loyal retailers or truck drivers. Using the widespread communication network, they kept supply running and the strike ended. After realizing the potential benefits of the new communication infrastructure in this critical situation, different government agencies and ministries kept using the telex connections but did not work on the cybernetic modeling of the whole state-run sector.
Parallels to the developments in the Soviet Union can be sketched. Both OGAS and Cybersyn were grounded on sophisticated cybernetics and aimed at fundamental change in economic structures. Therefore, the use of innovative computer and communication technology on a large scale was proposed. However, when the models and their implementation reached a critical level of potential usage, different state sections extracted individual components – telecommunication systems, computer networks, data processing and storage tools – from the general cybernetic ideas. As a consequence, the technological innovation helped to stabilize or even strengthen the existing power structures instead of reforming them fundamentally.
Even if the political, economic, cultural and technological circumstances differ widely between the Soviet Union and Chile, we can find similar tendencies of fragmenting and dismantling massive socialist cybernetic plans. How can these historical findings help today's speculation about the future of emancipatory politics? To be more precise: how to organize within and after capitalism?
The accelerationist intervention emphasizes an undogmatic perspective on technological potential in a speculative mind-set concerning possible futures and the contingent present. However, Srnicek and Williams object the contemporary leftist dogma of folk politics. Their understanding of navigational strategies towards emancipatory futures in turn promotes a culture of utopic thinking and radical political networks, including hierarchical organizations. Srnicek and Williams follow an idea of counter-hegemony in the ideological and material subfields of culture, knowledge production and technical infrastructures. As we have seen in the history of cyber-communism, one should keep in mind that the implementation of computerized and automated network structures depends on multilevel decision-making as well as on the acceptance of several classes of developers and users. Organizations such as proposed by Srnciek and Williams are highly probable to face such structural limits as well.
Formal organizational structures tend to breed informal structures. This informal level then (seemingly paradoxically) stabilizes these hierarchies or offers possibilities to slow down organizational communication and decision patterns. These basic sociological findings have to be considered when specific organizational demands are postulated. Especially when those demands should flanked by the acceleration of technological innovation. Concerning the Accelerationist Manifesto's call for leftist think tanks and strictly organized political bodies, every further investigation has to keep in mind that changing established power structures is always problematic and will be contested when these very structures are confronted with possible systematic destabilization. The balance between a minimum of general control one the one hand and open structures for technological and social innovation on the other, remains a question that has to be tackled (again) by critical thinking. One would have to speculate whether such organizations anticipated by Srnicek and Williams will show the same tendencies of decelerating and fragmenting massive innovations as we have seen in the Soviet and Chilean examples.
To understand these pitfalls for technological innovation a sociological theory is needed that can shed light on internal structures and mechanism of the self-referential political sphere and the self-referential organizations acting in it. Political sociology and organizational theory can identify formal/informal characteristics, path dependencies, selective adaption and self-referential reproduction of state bureaucracies and political parties without reducing them to ideological conflicts or individual human motives. Under such a perspective it is however highly questionable that formal organizations will replace their freedom with contingent decisions by functional equivalents like autonomous techno-cybernetic systems.
The last reflection concerns a speculative post-capitalist society. In both examples, cybernetic reorganization towards communism has been decelerated by a socialist state. So, the states acted in the opposite way as socialists predicted it for around two hundred years. I just want to highlight the final part of this famous quote by Friedrich Engels:
'The first act by which the state really comes forward as the representative of the whole of society – the taking possession of the means of production in the name of society – is also its last independent act as a state. State interference in social relations becomes, in one domain after another, superfluous, and then dies down of itself. The government of persons is replaced by the administration of things, and by the conduct of processes of production. The state is not "abolished". It withers away.'
Particularly this 'replacement' can be related to cybernetic dreams of the last seventy years, which hoped for the replacement of corruptible and ideologically confused human politics by an information-based, autonomous 'administration of things and the conduct of processes of production'. This can well be imagined with comprehensive techno-cybernetic models that run smoothly and without poor human decision-making. Cybersyn and OGAS were indeed intended to reorganize and partly replace the 'government of persons'. But as we have seen the states run by persons failed to wither away due to cybernetic rearrangements but instead even got stronger by fragmenting the technological and epistemic possibilities of cyber-communisms.
Socialist states and especially the Soviet Union in fact became ultra-robust while they already started as an oppressive political system. Why this happened is still a difficult question (and answers range from references to historical circumstances of the October Revolution to analyses of authoritarian roots in Leninism), but the facts indicate that arguments derived from historical materialism should be handled carefully. Srnicek and Williams have buried Lenin's idea of an exclusive revolutionary party and its revolution again, nevertheless I am not convinced that an idea of hegemony and counter-hegemony has historically proven as the best strategy.
A question for contemporary accelerationism could therefore be: What is the state today, should it be abolished, and how should a post-capitalist society in whole be organized instead? Or repeating Lenin's formulas with the deep hope for better answers than those we know: What is to be done?, and Where to begin?
Paul Buckermann is a sociologist interested in art and technology. (Since 2016) Research assistant in NCCR eikones at University of Lucerne (CH). (2014-2016) research assistant at DFG funded Research Training Group Automatisms: Cultural Techniques of Complexity Reduction at Paderborn University (DE). Paul is currently co-editing a book on technological understandings of emancipatory politics (March 2017 at Unrast).


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