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Consolidated Acts: C.C.S.M. | Municipal | Private
The Business Practices Act
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This version was current from June 12, 2014 to May 31, 2015.
Note: It does not reflect any retroactive amendment enacted after May 31, 2015.
To find out if an amendment is retroactive, see the coming-into-force provisions
at the end of the amending Act.
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C.C.S.M. c. B120
(Assented to December 14, 1990)
HER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, enacts as follows:
In this Act,
"consumer" means an individual who is or may become the consumer in a consumer transaction; (« consommateur »)
"consumer transaction" means a transaction between a consumer and a supplier for the retail sale or lease or other retail commercial disposition, by the supplier to the consumer, of any goods, in the ordinary course of business of the supplier and primarily for the consumer's personal, family or household use; (« opération commerciale »)
"court" means the Court of Queen's Bench; (« tribunal »)
"director" means the Director of Business Practices appointed under Part II; (« directeur »)
"goods" means goods or services that are or may become the subject of a consumer transaction; (« objets »)
"lemon" means a motor vehicle that was returned to the manufacturer under the laws of another jurisdiction because
(a) it did not conform to the manufacturer's warranty, and
(b) it had defects or conditions that substantially impaired its use, value or safety and that were not repaired within a reasonable time period or after a reasonable number of attempts; (« véhicule de piètre qualité »)
"minister" means the member of the Executive Council charged by the Lieutenant Governor in Council with the administration of this Act; (« ministre »)
"publish" means to make public by or through any media; (« publier »)
"supplier" means a person who, as principal or agent, is carrying on or is engaged in the business of
(a) selling, leasing or otherwise disposing of goods on a retail basis, or
(b) manufacturing, producing or assembling goods, or
(c) distributing goods; (« fournisseur »)
"unfair business practice" means an unfair business practice within the meaning of section 2, 3 or 3.1. (« pratique commerciale déloyale »)
S.M. 2008, c. 30, s. 2; S.M. 2014, c. 6, s. 2.
UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICES
Deceiving or misleading
It is an unfair business practice for a supplier
(a) to do or say anything or to fail to do or say anything if, as a result, a consumer might reasonably be deceived or misled; or
(b) to make a false claim or representation.
In determining whether anything is an unfair business practice within the meaning of subsection (1), the factors to be considered shall include the general impression given.
Deemed unfair business practices
Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), any of the following representations, acts or omissions, when made or engaged in by a supplier in relation to goods or to a consumer transaction, is deemed for the purposes of this Act to be an unfair business practice within the meaning of that subsection:
(a) a representation that the goods have sponsorship, approval, performance characteristics, accessories, ingredients, components, quantities, uses or benefits that they do not have;
(b) a representation that the supplier has sponsorship, approval, status, affiliation or connection that the supplier does not have;
(c) a representation that the goods are of a particular standard, quality, grade, style or model when they are not;
(d) a representation that the goods are new or unused when they are not, or when they are in a deteriorated state, or have been altered or reconditioned, or have been reclaimed from a previous purchaser;
(e) a false representation as to the extent to which the goods have been used;
(f) a false representation as to the history or usage of the goods;
(g) a false representation as to the reason the goods are available;
(h) a false representation that the goods have been made available in accordance with a previous representation;
(i) a representation that might reasonably lead a consumer to conclude that the goods are available in greater quantities than are in fact available from the supplier;
(j) a representation that the goods are available, when the supplier has no intention of supplying or otherwise disposing of the goods as represented;
(k) a false representation that a service, part or replacement of the goods, or the addition of new goods, or the repair of the goods, is necessary or desireable;
(l) a representation that a price benefit or advantage exists with respect to the goods or with respect to the consumer transaction when it does not;
(m) a representation that a solicitation of or any communication with a consumer is for a certain purpose or intent when it is not for that purpose or intent;
(n) a false representation that the consumer transaction involves or does not involve rights, remedies or obligations;
(o) a representation that a salesperson, representative, employee or agent has authority to negotiate the final terms of the consumer transaction when that person does not have that authority;
(p) the use of exaggeration, innuendo or ambiguity as to a material fact, or the failure to disclose a material fact, with respect to the goods or with respect to the consumer transaction;
(q) where the supplier gives a consumer an estimate of the price of the goods, demanding from the consumer a price that is materially higher than the estimate unless, prior to providing the goods, the supplier has obtained the consumer's express consent to that higher price;
(r) where the price of a part of the consumer transaction is given in an advertisement, display or representation, not giving in that advertisement, display or representation reasonable prominence to the total price of the consumer transaction;
(s) where the consumer transaction involves a motor vehicle, failing to disclose, in accordance with the regulations made under this Act or under clause 123(1)(o) or (p) of The Drivers and Vehicles Act, any information required by those regulations to be disclosed to the consumer;
(t) a false representation as to the purpose of a charge or proposed charge;
(u) a false representation or the use of exaggeration as to the benefits that are likely to flow to a consumer if the consumer helps the supplier to obtain new or potential customers.
Taking advantage, using undue pressure
(a) to take advantage of a consumer if the supplier knows or ought to have known that the consumer is not in a position to protect his or her own interests; or
(b) to subject a consumer to undue pressure to enter into a consumer transaction.
Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), it is deemed to be an unfair business practice within the meaning of that subsection when
(a) a supplier takes advantage of a consumer if the supplier knows or ought to have known that the consumer was unable to protect, or incapable of protecting, his or her own interests because of the consumer's physical or mental infirmity, illiteracy, age or inability to understand the character, nature or language of the consumer transaction, or any other matter related to the transaction; or
(b) the terms or conditions on which, or subject to which, the consumer entered into the consumer transaction are so adverse or so harsh to the consumer as to be inequitable.
In determining whether anything not described in subsection (2) is an unfair business practice within the meaning of subsection (1), all relevant circumstances shall be considered including, but not limited to, the following factors, if applicable:
(a) whether there is a reasonable probability of full payment of the total price by the consumer;
(b) whether the total price grossly exceeded the total price at which similar goods are readily obtainable in a similar transaction by like consumers.
S.M. 2014, c. 6, s. 4.
Renegotiation of price, etc.
It is an unfair business practice for a supplier to use its possession of or control over a consumer's goods to pressure the consumer into renegotiating a term or condition of a consumer transaction.
S.M. 2014, c. 6, s. 4
Privity of contract
Any of the unfair business practices described in sections 2, 3 and 3.1 is an unfair business practice for the purposes of this Act, notwithstanding
(a) that the unfair business practice is not directed at a specific consumer and does not occur in the course of or for the purposes of a specific consumer transaction but is directed to the public at large; and
(b) that there is no privity of contract between the supplier and any specific consumer affected by the unfair business practice.
Unfair business practices prohibited
No supplier shall commit an unfair business practice.
Unfair business practices of employees
Anything that would be an unfair business practice if committed by a supplier, is an unfair business practice if committed by the supplier's employee, and any court action or proceeding or order that may be taken or made against a supplier under this Act may be taken or made against the supplier's employee.
Unfair business practices of employees prohibited
No employee of a supplier shall commit an unfair business practice.
Liability of both supplier and employee
Both the supplier and the employee are liable for any unfair business practice committed by the supplier's employee.
Time of occurrence
An unfair business practice may occur before, during or after a consumer transaction, and is an unfair business practice for all the purposes of this Act notwithstanding that no consumer transaction is in fact entered into or concluded.
Single act
A single representation, failure, act or thing within the meaning of section 2, 3 or 3.1 constitutes an unfair business practice for the purposes of this Act.
A person who, on behalf of a supplier, publishes an advertisement in good faith and in the ordinary course of business is not responsible under this Act for the truth or accuracy of any representation in the advertisement.
[Repealed] S.M. 1996, c. 64, s. 2.
ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Appointment of director
A Director of Business Practices and such other employees as may be necessary to administer this Act may be appointed under The Civil Service Act.
The director may delegate any of the director's powers or duties under this Act to an employee appointed under section 10.
Appointment of experts
The minister, with the approval of the Lieutenant Governor in Council, may appoint, engage or employ, and may fix the remuneration of, such part-time or full-time experts and other qualified persons, in addition to the persons appointed under section 10, as the minister deems necessary for the administration of this Act.
Duties and powers of director
(a) shall administer and enforce this Act and the regulations;
(b) may inform consumers and suppliers of the provisions of this Act and the regulations and of their respective rights and duties thereunder; and
(c) may receive, handle and mediate complaints respecting consumer transactions.
The director may attempt to resolve consumer complaints of unfair business practices by mediation.
Refusal to mediate
The director may refuse to handle or mediate a complaint if the subject matter of the complaint more closely relates to other applicable federal or provincial legislation or to municipal by-laws, or for any other reason.
Authority to inspect
Subject to any conditions imposed by the director, where a complaint has been made or where the director believes it is necessary to determine whether a supplier is complying with this Act or the regulations, or an order made, or an assurance given, under this Act, a person authorized by the director (in this section and sections 14.2 and 14.3 referred to as an "inspector") may carry out any inspection, examination, audit or test reasonably required to
(a) determine whether the supplier is in compliance;
(b) verify the accuracy or completeness of a record or other information provided to the director or inspector; or
(c) perform any other duty or function that the director or inspector considers necessary or advisable in the administration or enforcement of this Act or the regulations.
Right of entry
To perform a duty or function under subsection (1) (in this section and section 14.3 referred to as an "inspection"), the inspector may at any reasonable time, without a warrant, enter
(a) any business premises of a supplier; or
(b) any other premises or place where the inspector has reasonable grounds to believe that records or property relevant to the administration or enforcement of this Act are kept.
Entry into dwelling only with consent or warrant
An inspector may not enter premises occupied as a private residence except with the consent of the owner or occupant or with the authority of a warrant obtained in accordance with section 14.3.
Identification to be shown
An inspector must show his or her identification if requested to do so in the context of an inspection.
Assistance to inspector
The supplier or the person in charge of the place of inspection or having custody or control of the relevant records or property must
(a) produce or make available to the inspector all records and property that the inspector requires for the inspection;
(b) provide any assistance or additional information, including personal information, that the inspector reasonably requires to carry out the inspection; and
(c) upon request, provide written answers to questions asked by the inspector.
To inspect records that are maintained electronically at the place of inspection, the inspector may require the supplier or the person in charge of the place of inspection or having custody or control of the relevant records to produce the records in the form of a printout or to produce them in an electronically readable format.
Inspector may make copies
The inspector may use equipment at the place of inspection to make copies of relevant records and may remove the copies from the place of inspection for further examination.
Inspector may remove records to make copies
An inspector who is not able to make copies of records at the place of inspection may remove them from the place to make copies. The inspector must make the copies as soon as practicable and return the original records to the person or place from which they were removed.
No person shall hinder, obstruct or interfere with an inspector conducting an inspection under this section.
S.M. 2014, c. 6, s. 10.
Copies as evidence
A document certified by the director or an inspector to be a printout or copy of a record obtained under this Act
(a) is admissible in evidence without proof of the office or signature of the person purporting to have made the certificate; and
(b) has the same probative force as the original record.
Warrant to enter and inspect
A justice, upon being satisfied by information on oath that
(a) an inspector has been refused entry to any premises or place to carry out an inspection; or
(b) there are reasonable grounds to believe that
(i) an inspector would be refused entry to any premises or place to carry out an inspection, or
(ii) if an inspector were to be refused entry to any premises or place to carry out an inspection, delaying the inspection in order to obtain a warrant on the basis of the refusal could be detrimental to the inspection;
may at any time issue a warrant authorizing an inspector or any other person named in the warrant to enter the premises or place and carry out an inspection.
Application without notice
A warrant under this section may be issued upon application without notice.
General authority to investigate
Subject to any conditions imposed by the director, a person authorized by the director may carry out any investigation reasonably required for the enforcement of this Act.
Warrant for search and seizure
A justice, on being satisfied by information on oath that there are reasonable grounds to believe that
(a) an offence is being or has been committed; and
(b) there is in a building, vehicle, receptacle or place any thing that there are reasonable grounds to believe will afford evidence of an offence under this Act;
may at any time issue a warrant authorizing the person or persons named in the warrant, to enter and search the building, vehicle, receptacle or place for any such thing, and to seize it and as soon as practicable bring it before a justice, or report on it to a justice, to be dealt with according to law.
Receipt for documents retained
The director shall give or leave a receipt for any book, paper, document or thing retained for use as evidence under section 15 or 16.
Documents to be returned
Any book, paper, document or thing retained under section 15 or 16 shall be returned to the owner within a reasonable time, and upon the request of the owner before it is returned and if the request is reasonable the director shall forthwith furnish the owner with a copy thereof without charge.
Concealing or destroying documents
No person shall conceal or destroy any book, paper, document or thing relevant to an investigation under section 15 or to a search under section 16 or in any way obstruct such an investigation or search.
Order to cease committing unfair business practice
Where the director is satisfied that a supplier is committing an unfair business practice, the director may, after giving the supplier a reasonable opportunity to be heard,
(a) order the supplier to cease committing the practice;
(b) if a false, misleading or deceptive representation in respect of a consumer transaction has been made by the supplier in an advertisement, order the supplier to retract the representation or publish a correction of equal prominence to the original publication; and
(c) order the supplier to post the order in a prominent place in its business premises.
Order takes effect in 14 days
18(1.1)
Subject to subsection (3), an order takes effect 14 days after it is served on the supplier.
Service of order
A supplier against whom an order is made under subsection (1) shall be served with a copy of the order together with written reasons for the making thereof.
Appeal to court
The supplier named in an order under subsection (1) may appeal from the order to the court within 14 days after being served therewith, and in the event of such an appeal the order is stayed pending the outcome of the appeal.
Court order on appeal
Where a supplier appeals from an order of the director in accordance with subsection (3), the court may
(a) confirm or vary the order;
(b) set aside the order;
(c) make such other order as it considers proper;
(d) attach such terms and conditions to the order of the director as it considers proper.
The director and the supplier who is appealing, and such other persons as the court may direct, are parties to proceedings before the court in an appeal under this section.
Burden of evidence
In an appeal under this section, the director has the burden of establishing that the appellant is committing or has committed the unfair business practice set out in the director's order.
Order where money received
Where the director is satisfied that a supplier has committed or is committing or is about to commit an unfair business practice in relation to a consumer transaction, and the supplier has received money or security from the consumer in respect of the transaction, and the director is satisfied that an order under this subsection is necessary for the protection of the public, the director may, subject to subsection (2), apply to the court ex parte for an order
(a) prohibiting any person
(i) who is holding funds of the supplier, or
(ii) who has possession of or control over any real or personal property or other assets of the supplier, or
(iii) who has a debt payable to the supplier,
from disposing of or otherwise dealing with the funds, property, assets or debt except as approved by the court;
(b) directing the supplier not to disburse any funds or otherwise deal with any funds, property or assets of the supplier, or debts owing to the supplier, except as approved by the court;
and the court may make the order or such other order as it deems proper.
Order to be reasonable
The amount or value of any funds, property, assets or debt affected by an order under subsection (1) shall, as nearly as may be possible, bear a reasonable relationship to the amount or value of the money or security paid or given to the supplier by the consumer.
Variation of order
A supplier and any other person affected by an order made under subsection (1) may, on notice to the director, apply to the court to have the order varied or set aside.
Payment into court
Where a supplier or other person against whom an order is made under subsection (1) is in doubt as to the application of the order to any funds, property, assets or debt, or another person not named in the order claims a right, title or interest in the funds, property, assets or debt, the supplier or other person, as the case may be, may pay or deliver the funds, property or assets or the amount of the debt into court.
Renewal of order
An order made under this section ceases to have any force or effect upon the expiry of five days from the making thereof, Saturdays, Sundays and holidays excluded, unless it is renewed by the court prior thereto upon the application of the director, and the court upon such an application may renew the order for such period of time and on such terms and conditions as it deems proper.
Bond in lieu of order
Subsection (1) does not apply where a supplier who has received money or security from a consumer in respect of a consumer transaction files or deposits with the director a bond or other security, in a form and an amount and containing terms and conditions acceptable to the director, in the name of and for the benefit of the director, and the director is satisfied that it is not contrary to the public interest to accept the bond or security in lieu of an order under that subsection.
Forfeiture of bond or security
In the event of a breach of any term or condition of a bond or security filed or deposited by a supplier under subsection (6), the director shall on notice to the supplier apply to the court for directions as to the forfeiture of the bond or security and the realization and disposition of the proceeds thereof.
Assurance of voluntary compliance
Where the director is satisfied that a supplier has been committing an unfair business practice, the director, if satisfied that the supplier has ceased to do so, may accept from the supplier a written assurance, in a form and containing terms and conditions to be determined by the director, undertaking not to commit any unfair business practice in the future, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the assurance may include all or any of the following additional undertakings:
(a) to comply with this Act and the regulations;
(b) to refund, return or pay to the consumers, if any, specified in the assurance any money, property or other thing received from them in connection with a consumer transaction, and any money necessarily expended by them in making and pursuing a complaint under this Act;
(c) to abide by the terms and conditions set out in the assurance in all future consumer transactions;
(d) to provide a bond or other security to the director, in a form and an amount and containing terms and conditions to be determined by the director, guaranteeing that the supplier will comply with this Act, the regulations and the assurance;
(e) to reimburse the director on demand with the reasonable costs of any inspection the director may have carried out respecting the supplier;
(f) to comply with any requirements set out in the assurance as to the form, content and maintenance of trust accounts, records, contracts, advertisements or other documents or papers respecting consumer transactions of the supplier;
(f.1) to retract a false, misleading or deceptive representation made in an advertisement;
(f.2) to publish a correction of a false, misleading or deceptive representation made in an advertisement that is of equal prominence to the original publication;
(g) to complete all existing uncompleted consumer transactions of the supplier in compliance with this Act, the regulations and the terms and conditions of the assurance.
Forfeiture of security
Every security provided under an assurance given pursuant to subsection (1) shall be forfeited upon demand in writing by the director, where the supplier in respect of whose conduct the security is conditioned breaches any part of the assurance.
Appeal from forfeiture
A supplier to whom a demand of forfeiture is directed under subsection (2) may appeal therefrom to the court within 14 days after the date of the demand, and the court may make such order with respect to the forfeiture as it deems fit.
Payment of monies
The director may stipulate that the proceeds of any security forfeited pursuant to this section, or so much thereof as may be necessary, be paid over to such persons as the director considers entitled thereto by reason of any consumer transaction to which this Act applies.
Disposition of unexpended moneys
Any moneys not expended pursuant to a stipulation under subsection (4) shall be refunded to the supplier, except where there are third party claims against those moneys and in such a case the moneys not expended shall be paid into court.
Bond of person other than supplier
Where the security under which moneys are recovered pursuant to this section is a bond furnished by a person other than the supplier, any moneys not expended pursuant to a stipulation under subsection (4) shall be refunded to that person whether or not there are third party claims against them.
Director may issue order, apply to court
For greater certainty, the director is not precluded from issuing an order under section 18, or applying to court under section 19 or 21, in respect of a supplier who fails to comply with the terms and conditions of an assurance under subsection (1) or who commits another unfair business practice.
The director may apply to the court to restrain a supplier from committing or attempting to commit an unfair business practice, and the court may grant an injunction on the terms and conditions that it considers appropriate.
Investigation by order of minister
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, the minister may appoint a person to conduct an investigation into any matter to which this Act applies, and the person so appointed shall report the results of the investigation to the minister and, for the purposes of the investigation, has the powers of a commissioner under Part V of The Manitoba Evidence Act.
RIGHT OF ACTION
Action by consumer
A consumer may commence a court action against a supplier for relief from an unfair business practice.
Where the court finds in an action under subsection (1) that an unfair business practice has occurred, it may, subject to subsections (3) and (4),
(a) award damages for any loss suffered by the consumer;
(b) rescind the consumer transaction, if any;
(c) grant an injunction restraining the supplier from continuing the unfair business practice;
(d) order the supplier to repay all or part of any amount paid to the supplier by the consumer or relieve the consumer from the payment to the supplier of any amount or any further amount, as the case may be, in respect of the consumer transaction, if any;
(e) make an order of specific performance against the supplier;
(f) give such other directions and grant such other relief as the court deems proper.
Factor to be considered
In determining whether to grant any relief under this section and the nature and extent thereof, the court shall consider whether or not the consumer made a reasonable effort to minimize any damage resulting from the unfair business practice and to resolve the dispute with the supplier before commencing the court action.
Exemplary or punitive damages
A judgment under subsection (2) may include an award of exemplary or punitive damages against the supplier, except where the supplier took reasonable precautions and exercised due diligence to avoid the unfair business practice.
Action by director for consumer
Where the director is satisfied that an unfair business practice has occurred within the meaning of section 3 or 3.1, the director may, on behalf of any consumer affected thereby but subject to subsection (2),
(a) commence any court action against the supplier that the consumer would be entitled to bring under section 23;
(b) maintain any court action that the consumer has already commenced against the supplier under section 23;
(c) defend any court action brought by the supplier against the consumer with respect to any consumer transaction;
Conditions for action by director
The director shall not commence, maintain or defend a court action on behalf of a consumer under subsection (1) except with the consent of the consumer and except where the director is satisfied that the consumer is not in a position to protect the consumer's own interests.
In a court action under this section, the court may make any order and grant any relief that it may make or grant under section 23.
The director, and the affected consumer and supplier, and such other persons as the court may direct, are parties to any court action commenced, maintained or defended by the director under this section.
Where, other than in the course of business, a person receives from a consumer, as heir, donee or assignee, goods that were the subject of a consumer transaction, that person has the same rights as the consumer to seek and obtain redress from the supplier under this Act.
Information confidential
Except for the purposes of a prosecution or other proceeding under this Act, or for the purposes of the administration and enforcement of this Act or the regulations, neither the director nor any person employed in the administration of this Act shall
(a) knowingly communicate, or allow to be communicated, to any other person, any information obtained by or on behalf of the director or employee in the course of the administration of this Act; or
(b) knowingly allow any other person to inspect, or to have access to, any book, record, document, file or correspondence, or copy thereof, obtained by or on behalf of the director or employee in the course of the administration of this Act.
Subsection (1) does not prohibit the communication or inspection of or access to any information (including personal information), book, record, document, file or correspondence, or copy thereof, obtained in the course of the administration of this Act,
(a) to or by a department or agency of the government of Manitoba or another province or territory of Canada or the Government of Canada or a municipality in Canada, or to or by the members of a police force of any of the foregoing; or
(b) with the consent of the person to whom the information, book, record, document, file or correspondence relates.
Exception — communication of information
Clause (1)(a) does not prohibit the communication of information (including personal information) obtained in the course of the administration of this Act by the director when, in the director's opinion, it is in the public interest to do so.
S.M. 1992, c. 27, s. 3; S.M. 2013, c. 34, s. 6.
Evidence not compellable
Except in respect of a prosecution, civil suit or other proceeding under this Act, neither the director nor any other person may be compelled, in any court action or other proceeding, to give evidence disclosing information obtained in the course of the administration of this Act.
Release of rights void
The provisions of this Act apply notwithstanding any agreement to the contrary, and any waiver or release given of the rights, benefits or protections provided under this Act is void.
Requesting or requiring consumers to waive, release or limit rights prohibited
No person shall request or require a consumer to waive, release or limit his or her rights under this Act.
S.M. 2013, c. 34, s. 7.
Nothing in this Act restricts, limits or derogates from any remedy that a consumer may have under any other Act or law.
This Act does not apply to any unfair business practice committed before the day the Act comes into force.
Protection from liability
No liability attaches to the Crown in right of Manitoba or the minister or director, or any person employed in the administration of this Act, for any loss or damage suffered by a person by reason of anything done or omitted to be done in good faith and without negligence in the course of the administration of this Act.
The Lieutenant Governor in Council may make regulations
(a) exempting a specified class of supplier or a specified type of consumer transaction from any provision of this Act or the regulations;
(b) restricting the application of this Act to a specified class of supplier or a specified type of consumer transaction;
(c) requiring suppliers to furnish financial and other information and reports to the director;
(d) requiring information or reports furnished to the director pursuant to a regulation made under clause (c) to be verified by affidavit;
(e) prescribing the method of service of documents by the director;
(f) prescribing, in respect of any class of supplier, the form and content of any contract, notice or other document to be used in consumer transactions;
(f.1) respecting sales or leases of motor vehicles, including regulations that prescribe
(i) information to be disclosed by the supplier to the consumer about a vehicle, including information about its history and whether the vehicle has been determined to be a lemon under the laws of another jurisdiction, and
(ii) how and when the information is to be disclosed;
(f.2) defining any word or phrase used but not defined in this Act;
(g) respecting any other matter or thing necessary to carry out the purpose and intent of this Act.
Except in circumstances that the minister considers to be of an urgent nature, the minister shall provide an opportunity for public consultation and seek the advice and recommendations of the public with respect to any regulation proposed to be made under subsection (1), before the regulation is made.
Regulations about motor vehicles
Regulations made under clause (1)(f.1) may be different for different classes of motor vehicles or suppliers or different types of consumer transactions.
Offence and penalty
Any person who
(a) contravenes or fails to observe a provision of this Act or the regulations or an order of the director; or
(b) fails to observe any provision of an assurance given under section 20; or
(c) fails or refuses to furnish information as required under this Act; or
(d) gives false or misleading information to a person acting under this Act;
is guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction,
(e) if an individual, to a fine of not more than $100,000. or imprisonment for a term of not more than 12 months or both in the case of a first offence, and to a fine of not more than $300,000. or imprisonment for a term of not more than 36 months or both in the case of a second or subsequent offence; and
(f) if a corporation, to a fine of not more than $300,000. in the case of a first offence, and to a fine of not more than $1,000,000. in the case of a second or subsequent offence;
and, in addition, may be ordered, at the time the penalty is imposed, to pay to any consumer affected by the offence such amount by way of compensation for loss or damage as the judge imposing the penalty may determine.
Order filed in court
If an amount is ordered to be paid as compensation under subsection (1), the applicant may file the order in the court, and on being filed the order may be enforced in the same manner as a judgment of the court.
Where a corporation is convicted of an offence under this section, every director and officer of the corporation who authorized or permitted the offence is also guilty of the offence and liable to the penalties set out in clause (1)(e).
No prosecution for an offence under this section may be commenced after the expiry of two years from the date of the offence.
[Repealed]
S.M. 2013, c. 34, s. 9; S.M. 2014, c. 6, s. 17.
Reference in Continuing Consolidation
This Act may be referred to as chapter B120 of the Continuing Consolidation of the Statutes of Manitoba.
This Act comes into force on a day fixed by proclamation.
NOTE: S.M. 1990-91, c. 6, except subsection 9(2), came into force by proclamation on January 1, 1992. Subsection 9(2) was never proclaimed in force and was repealed by S.M. 1996, c. 64, s. 2.


We start our year with our usual Industry Outlook. What can we expect over the next 12 months, what will shape our strategies, decisions and outcomes. We look at economic forecasts, its effect on the continent, our country and the industry.
The contributors to this year's Outlook clearly indicate that 2018 was a difficult year, on all fronts. I would however be hesitant to say that 2019 should see a turnaround.


text:
ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Announces Election of Laura A. Brege to Board of Directors
SAN DIEGO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--May 5, 2008--ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Nasdaq: ACAD), a biopharmaceutical company utilizing innovative technology to fuel drug discovery and clinical development of novel treatments for central nervous system disorders, today announced the election of Laura A. Brege to its board of directors. Ms. Brege will fill a vacancy on the Board and serve as a Class III director. The terms of the Class III directors expire at the annual meeting of stockholders in 2010.
"We are delighted that Laura Brege has joined ACADIA's board," said Uli Hacksell, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer of ACADIA. "Her strong blend of financial, operational, and industry experience will be a valuable asset as we continue to advance our pipeline of drug candidates and position them for commercial success."
Ms. Brege is Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. where she is responsible for sales and marketing, medical affairs, legal, business development, and compliance functions. She joined Onyx in June 2006 as Executive Vice President and Chief Business Officer and was promoted to her current position in October 2007. Before joining Onyx, Ms. Brege was a general partner at Red Rock Management, a venture capital firm. Prior to Red Rock, she was Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at COR Therapeutics. Earlier in her career, Ms. Brege served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Flextronics and Vice President and Treasurer of The Cooper Companies. Ms. Brege earned her undergraduate degree from Ohio University and has an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago. Ms. Brege also serves on the boards of Angiotech Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and The Ohio University Foundation.
ACADIA is a biopharmaceutical company utilizing innovative technology to fuel drug discovery and clinical development of novel treatments for central nervous system disorders. ACADIA currently has five mid-to-late stage clinical programs as well as a portfolio of preclinical and discovery assets directed at diseases with large unmet medical needs, including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease psychosis, sleep maintenance insomnia, and neuropathic pain. All of the drug candidates in ACADIA's product pipeline emanate from discoveries made using its proprietary drug discovery platform. ACADIA's corporate headquarters is located in San Diego, California and it maintains research and development operations in both San Diego and Malmo, Sweden.
Statements in this press release that are not strictly historical in nature are forward-looking statements. These statements include but are not limited to statements related to the potential benefits from this appointment to ACADIA's pipeline of drug candidates or their commercial success. These statements are only predictions based on current information and expectations and involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual events or results may differ materially from those projected in any of such statements due to various factors, including the risks and uncertainties inherent in drug discovery, development and commercialization, and the fact that past results of clinical trials may not be indicative of future trial results. For a discussion of these and other factors, please refer to ACADIA's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 as well as ACADIA's subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. This caution is made under the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement and ACADIA undertakes no obligation to revise or update this press release to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof.
CONTACT: ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Lisa Barthelemy, Director, Investor Relations
Thomas H. Aasen, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Nearly one in four women (22%) in the European Union has been physically or sexually abused by her own partner, according to the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights. Intimate partner violence is one of the most common forms of violence against women.
Often, women stay in abusive relationships because they lack the financial means to provide for themselves and their children. While support centres and shelters provide vital psychological and practical assistance, their priority is usually more immediate responses like temporary accommodation, counselling and legal advice. Financial support and long-term reintegration programmes are among the first to go when resources are stretched.
Yet ensuring financial independence after escaping a violent partner is crucial to allowing women survivors to take control of their future. That includes access to decent jobs, financial literacy training and information about affordable childcare and housing.
The EU-funded WE GO! (Women's Economic Independence & Growth Opportunity) project aims to establish new standards for such support services and to make policy recommendations to improve prospects for women survivors. Coordinated by ActionAid Italy, the project is being implemented by a consortium of 15 organisations from seven EU countries (Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, Greece, Cyprus, Sweden and Bulgaria), including Euclid Network.
Running from 2016-2018, WE GO! will reach up to 800 women survivors of intimate partner violence by producing toolkits that shelters and anti-violence centres can use to train and support women in economic empowerment.
The toolkits are currently in development, and will be largely based on existing experiences and good practice across Europe. As well as being responsible for the social entrepreneurship module and contributing to another module on networks, Euclid Network is facilitating this exchange and learning process among project participants.
At the first of the three learning events, held in Thessaloniki in September 2016, anti-violence centres each identified some areas they want to improve, such as increasing team capacity or placing more emphasis on housing rather than temporary shelters. They then identified enabling factors and barriers to making those changes, and set out actions for achieving them. In many cases, centre representatives said a first step would be to explore other good practices and create or reinforce their network — suggesting that peer learning will continue to play a part in their development.
The Thessaloniki meeting resulted in a first draft of a toolkit comprising psychological assessment of clients, as well as the content of thematic modules on entrepreneurship and job placements. Based on this draft, the centres have offered training of trainer sessions so that their staff understand how to use the toolkit, and have invited these staff to give feedback.
The next meeting, in Barcelona on 22-23 May, will review that feedback and highlight any gaps, and explore ideas for the childcare module (led by Mayca Velasco and Julia Uviña from the City Council of Barcelona's Family Collaboration Service) and the housing module (led by Cristina Hurson from Sonas Nursing Homes in Ireland).
The full toolkit will be ready by November 2017, when the centres will start training their clients, reaching a targeted 200 women initially. Another 600 women are expected to benefit in the years following the project as participating centres integrate the toolkits into their work.


text:
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text:
Il Campionato argentino di rugby a 15 1992  è stato vinto dalla selezione di Tucumàn che ha battuto in finale la selezione della Córdoba.

Le 19 squadre partecipanti erano divise in tre livelli: "Campeonato", "Ascenso", "Clasificacion".

Torneo "campeonato"
Le 8 squadre della prima divisione erano divise in due gironi di 4 squadre.

Girone "A"

|- align=center style="background: #ccffcc;"
| 1 ||align=left|  || 3|| 3 || 0 || 0|| 99|| 57 || 42 || 6
|- align=center style="background: #ccffcc;"
| 2 ||align=left|  || 3|| 2 || 0 || 1 ||92|| 67 || 25 || 4
|- align=center style="background: #ffffff;"
| 3 ||align=left|  || 3|| 1 || 0 || 2 ||105|| 89 || 16 || 2
|- align=center style="background: #ffdddd;"
| 4 ||align=left|  || 3|| 0 || 0 || 3 || 47|| 130 || -83 || 0
|}

Girone "B"

|- align=center style="background: #ccffcc;"
| 1 ||align=left|Córdoba || 3|| 3 || 0 || 0|| 121|| 49 || 72 || 6
|- align=center style="background: #ccffcc;"
| 2 ||align=left|Rosario || 3|| 2 || 0 || 1 || 216|| 86 || 130 || 4
|- align=center style="background: #ffffff;"
| 3 ||align=left|San Juan || 3|| 1 || 0 || 2 || 37|| 138 || -99 || 2
|- align=center style="background: #ffdddd;"
| 4 ||align=left|Entre Rios || 3|| 0 || 0 || 3 || 58|| 161 || - 103 || 0
|}

Retrocede:Entre Rios

Semifinali

Finale 3-4 posto

Finale

Zona "Ascenso"

Girone C

|- align=center style="background: #ccffcc;"
| 1 ||align=left|Mar del Plata || 3|| 3 || 0 || 0|| 121|| 49 || 72 || 6
|- align=center style="background: #ffffff;"
| 2 ||align=left|Sur || 3|| 2 || 0 || 1 || 218|| 86 || 132 || 4
|- align=center style="background: #ffffff;"
| 3 ||align=left|Alta Valle || 3|| 1 || 0 || 2 || 37|| 138 ||-101|| 2
|- align=center style="background: #ffdddd;"
| 4 ||align=left|Centro || 3|| 0 || 0 || 3 || 58|| 161 ||-103|| 0
|}

Pronossa: Mar del Plata

Retrocede:Centro

Girone D

|- align=center style="background: #ccffcc;"
| 1 ||align=left|Noroeste || 3|| 3 || 0 || 0|| 82|| 41 || 41 || 6
|- align=center style="background: #ffffff;"
| 2 ||align=left|Salta || 3|| 1 || 0 || 2 ||120|| 57 || 63 || 2
|- align=center style="background: #ffffff;"
| 3 ||align=left|Santiago || 3|| 1 || 0 || 2 ||37|| 72 || - 25 || 2
|- align=center style="background: #ffdddd;"
| 4 ||align=left|Misiones || 3|| 1 || 0 || 2 || 63|| 132 || - 69 || 2
|}

Pronossa: Noreste  (Salta seconda classificata per miglior differenza punti negli scontri diretti con Santiago e Misiones )

Retrocede:Misiones

"Clasificacion"

|- align=center style="background: #ccffcc;"
| 1 ||align=left|Chubut || 2|| 3 || 0 || 0|| 76|| 29 || 47 || 4
|- align=center style="background: #ffffff;"
| 2 ||align=left|Austral || 2|| 1 || 0 || 2 ||34|| 68 || -34 || 2
|- align=center style="background: #ffffff;"
| 3 ||align=left|Oeste || 2|| 0 || 0 || 2 ||48|| 61 || - 13 || 0
|}

Pronossa: Chubut

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Faith in Medicine
Racism in Science
Please Do Not Pet the Baby Bump—or, Motherhood in the Surveillance Society
The Accidental Victims of the War on Opioids
Coming Attractions: Featured Student Writing on Illness and (sometimes) Healing
State of Women's Health Symposium
Ben dreams of deadly sushi.
On the Human Side of Health
A Health Humanities Magazine
Categories Select Category student work events women's health parenting cycling religion faith bodybuilding literature mental health anxiety politics history exercise gender health interdisciplinarity narrative nursing race research running safety science work
"To Whom Shall I Tell My Grief?"
Jay Baruch, M.D.
literature, mental health, health, narrative
Anton Chekhov in the ER
"To whom shall I tell my grief?" sighs Iona Potatov, the main character of Anton Chekhov's 1886 short story, "Misery." This question echoes in my head often, particularly during overnight ER shifts when I struggle to make sense of vague patient complaints, stories told in vexing drips and evasive responses.
Iona, a frail, poor, and lonely sleigh driver—a cabman—sits on the box of his horse-drawn sledge, reeling from the death of his son earlier that week. It's twilight, and big snowflakes whirl around the streetlamps. Chekhov explains, "If a regular snowdrift fell on him it seems as though even then he would not think it necessary to shake it off."
When Iona raises the subject of his dead son to three separate fares, he finds indifference, insults, and cruelty. "We shall all die," is one response that chills the bone. He even suffers a thwack on the back of his neck from one passenger intent on rushing them to their destination.
"To whom shall I tell my grief?" is a particularly devastating question when the answer is, "No one."
The evening crowds that soon fill the streets are heedless of his misery. That he can't find "among those thousands someone willing to listen to him" tears at his heart.
Eventually, Iona buckles under these harsh and dispiriting experiences and returns to his lodging, a smelly, stuffy flophouse where snoring men fill floors and benches. But his thirst to express his grief remains. At the water-bucket, Iona reaches out one last time to a young cabman, who, instead of listening, covers his head and drifts back to sleep.
But Iona needs to talk about his son's death "properly, with deliberation." How his son fell ill. How he suffered. His last words. The trip to the hospital to collect his son's clothes.
At the end of the story, Iona puts on his coat and visits his mare in the stables. Watching her munch on hay—he hadn't earned enough that evening to buy her oats—Iona opens his heart.
"Now, suppose you had a little colt, and were mother to that little colt . . . And all at once that same little colt went and died . . . You'd be sorry, wouldn't you? . . . "
I reread "Misery" after my last series of overnight ER shifts. I needed to feel the weight of Iona's loneliness and regain intimacy with his granular need for connection. Most importantly, and most embarrassingly, I needed a reminder that the effort of extending oneself to others from within the clutches of deep despair does not come without pain.
Certain patients were complicated in ways that are difficult to describe. I couldn't tell whether they were acutely ill or whether their symptoms veiled other needs, such as for a warm bed and relief from the streets, for a reprieve from stressful living situations, or, like Iona, for someone to talk to.
Their narrative threads often resembled our healthcare system as a whole, frayed and unsettling to work with. I felt my questions tinged with frustration and resentment. "Why were they using the ER, and my time, in this way?" I wondered. The waiting room was packed, there were few, if any, beds available in the hospital, and the ambulances kept coming.
This is what led me back to "Misery."
It's easy to read and think about Iona's overwhelming despair through the eyes of our best and most compassionate selves. I'm devastated by this father's grief for a dead son, a tragedy built onto a life already strained under a range of hardships, including poverty, hunger, old age, loneliness, and poor social support.
Chekhov ends the story: "The little mare munches, listens, and breathes on her master's hands. Iona is carried away and tells her all about it." Surely healthcare providers, like myself, can offer the level of comfort and companionship provided by a mare.
The truth is, if I had taken care of Iona during one of those particularly stressful nights, there's a chance he might have left as profoundly disappointed in my answers as he was in those of his passengers.
Let's imagine that the triage nurse asks Iona his reason for coming to the ER. I don't suspect he'd admit to pondering, "To whom shall I tell my grief?" Pride might prevent him from exposing his heartbreak and loneliness in such direct terms. It's hard to confess to loneliness. This profound social state can be interpreted as a demonizing character flaw, a point of weakness. Something must be wrong with you when everyone else appears to have rich and busy social lives, right?
And yet, according to surveys, over a third of Americans report being lonely. And this news should evoke more than sympathy. Individuals without meaningful social relationships are twice as likely to die. Research demonstrates how loneliness has long-term health consequences.
Nonetheless, reaching out for help can be a source of shame in an age of social media, when identity and social currency are often linked to one's numbers of Facebook friends or Twitter followers. Sometimes loneliness is tied to real or perceived abandonment, to emotional needs that aren't being addressed elsewhere, and patients come to the emergency department because they have no other choice.
I think about the young man in his twenties with a superficial burn on his finger for a week, who, on further questioning, revealed he was really in the ER due to a strained living situation with his relatives; the somnolent grandmother with multiple medical problems thought to have had a stroke or infection who was really abusing her opiate pain medications; the mother of three who complained of chest pain but ultimately acknowledged that her real issue was housing; and the homeless intoxicant with his third presentation to the ER in twenty four hours, each time with a different complaint.
Narrative analysis and interpretation are critical to what I do as an emergency physician. Patients often cue deep concerns indirectly, leaving it up to the physician to probe further. And physicians are inclined to take these ambiguous stories whose arrows don't point towards an identifiable answer and brush them aside, or offer pat reassurances, or solely address biomedical issues. When in doubt, physicians have a tendency to order more tests rather than explore emotional terrain.
I'd like think of myself as an emergency physician who's sensitive to story, especially the ones told by my patients. Over the course of my career, I've learned that negotiating uncertainty, asking the right questions, probing silences, and possessing the requisite confidence to admit to what I don't know serve as vital clinical skills.
But that locus of attention doesn't operate on an island, it functions in an emergency system that operates under stress and constraints. In 2013, there were more than 133 million visits to emergency departments in the United States, a 19% increase over the decade, while the number of hospitals providing emergency care declined. A RAND study highlighted how emergency departments are shouldering the acute care burden for uninsured and insured populations, as well as operating as the hub for complex diagnostic work-ups for patients with multiple complicated medical problems, including serving as the key decision-maker for hospital admissions.
During the overnight shifts in question, my brain was so heavy I could feel the gears grind as I tried to think analytically and remain attuned emotionally. The entire night I was running around and yet forever running behind. Whether it was another new patient, another test result to check on, another family to talk to, or another consultant to speak with. Every gasp at forward progress met with interruptions to change task. And we can't forget documentation. One study observed that emergency physicians spend roughly twice as much time with the electronic health records as with flesh and blood patients.
The mare breathes on Iona's hands, and that's without ever attending medical school, without a single course in empathy. Surely I'm capable of responding in an emotionally elemental manner that at least equals that comforting gesture?
If Iona sat before me in a hospital gown, would I slow down enough to ask about his evening? Would I care to give his story slack if it unfolded slowly, or detoured elsewhere, or would I interrupt, as one study found, after an average of 23 seconds?
Most dangerously, would I discount this man's complaints because it didn't qualify in my rushed mind at that moment as an emergency?
This is what scares me. If his complaint gets discounted prematurely, his complex life circumstances might never surface. An earnest discussion would reveal troubles that warrant close attention as risk factors for suicide. Questions to assess his risk for self-harm are absolutely essential. The emergency department is not the optimal environment to render psychiatric care. However, due to under-utilized psychiatric resources in the community, visits to emergency departments for mental health and substance abuse problems are on the rise.
But the emergency department is a medical space freighted with moral responsibilities to provide non-discriminatory access to "anyone, with anything, at anytime." It's been called "the safety net of the safety net for patients who can't find care elsewhere."
If Iona denies suicidality, I believe his grief still demands my fullest attention in the emergency department. The origin of the word emergency reaches back to the Latin word emergere, which means "to bring to light."
This linguistic lineage serves as reminder of what sits at the core of emergency care, though listening to vexing and vague stories in a "narrative disaster zone" can be a difficult endeavor. Competing demands impact how well I listen to individual patients. My focus is also influenced by the brutal reality that meaningful solutions—stronger social fabric, improved financial footing, access to employment, freedom from substance abuse, and a better range of choices from life—are often far beyond my control. This impulse for action, to have an intervention at my fingertips, can lead me to substitute an easier question to focus on, one that I can respond to, even if it's not the critical issue at hand.
Chekhov's "Misery" hits like a thwack on the back of the neck. It reminds me that a rush to a solution might be no solution at all. Despite patients' complicated needs, the problem that drives them to the emergency department at that moment is often basic, but profound beyond scale.
What patients want from me is not only my expertise as a physician, but the warm heart of a fellow human. What they're asking for is a little time, an open ear, and a high dose of dignity. When Iona asks, "To whom shall I tell my grief?" I must close the curtain, pull up a chair, and say, "Me. I'm here. I'm all yours."
Jay Baruch, M.D. is Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine at Alpert Medical School at Brown University, where he's director of the Medical Humanities and Bioethics Scholarly Concentration. What's Left Out is his latest collection of short fiction.
Twitter @JBaruchMD
Jay wishes to thank Vital Co-Founder Lesley Curtis for her editorial guidance on this story.
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After lunch it was the turn of the Lightweights to commence qualifying on what was still a damp track. All eyes on Mike Noon and Chris Woodger with James Venning still with an outside chance of sneaking the title. And there were some interesting guest drivers in the shape of Conner Jupp, an ex British Cadet Champion and once tipped as the next Lewis Hamilton, and Peter Jankowski, an ex Club 100 regular and the reigning Brazilian arrive and drive Champion.
The track may have been damp when the first group came out but a dryer line quickly appeared and it was all going to be about who timed their final run at the right time. Matt Jones judged it to perfection edging out Jankowski by just 0.077 on his final lap. Endurance specialist Jack Goldsmith took third with Venning next from Stephen Westwood. Noon and Woodger were sixth and seventh.
The track was drying rapidly for the second group which would mean that the groups would be staggered for the opening grids. Jupp took awhile to get into his stride with Andrew Ward topping the times right through the session. Until Jupp's final lap of 57.516 bettered Wards time by a remarkable 0.687. Jonah Barker was third quickest from Rob Langthorp and Ryan Williams all of whom set their best times on their final lap.
Charles Jackson on pole from Simon Cornish with Ryan Sandall and Emily Rogers sharing row two. Daryl Snelling and Ben Atkinson on row three. A bit of a surprise to see the latter in the Pre B. Craig Rankine and Billy Robson shared row four with Terry Oliphant and the evergreen Keith Segal on row five. Four to qualify for the Pre A Final. Jackson led the field away but was almost immediately dropping down the order as Cornish moved to the front chased by Sandall. Rogers spun to the back of the field as did Segal. Rankine moved up to third with Oliphant fourth from Atkinson and Robson. With three laps run Cornish continued to lead from Sandall and both were pulling clear of third placed Rankine who now had Atkinson closing in. Oliphant remained fifth but was coming under pressure from Robson.
Half distance and Cornish and Randal were over six seconds clear at the front with Rankine still third just half a second ahead of Atkinson. Robson was up to fifth but Oliphant and Snelling were beginning to drop away from the qualifying spots. And then it began to rain again and the times immediately fell away. Sandall took over at the front from Cornish with Rankine still third from Atkinson. Snelling had taken over in fifth from Robson but they were both falling back. Any chance Oliphant had evaporated with a spin. Sandall continued to lead but Cornish was keeping up the pressure until he half spun and dropped back. He'd also picked up a penalty for exceeding track limits. Sandall crossed the line over two seconds clear of Cornish who dropped to fourth after his penalty. Atkinson was next across the line followed by Rankine to complete the qualifiers. Then we had to wait over eighteen seconds before Loic Ditchburn crossed the line. A good drive though after dropping back at the start. Martin Auger was next. Another good drive up from grid seventeen.
Jupp on pole from Jones with Ward and Jankowski on row two. Barker and Goldsmith shared row three from Langthorp and Venning with Williams and Westwood completing the first five rows. Championship leader Noon would start from grid twelve with Woodger right behind. Jupp led the pack away but it was Jones who led as they completed the first lap with Jankowski up to third from Ward. Langthorp and Venning had both spun out allowing Noon to move up to fifth ahead of Goldsmith and Barker. Sam Nash was up to eighth with Woodger right behind. Jones continued to lead with Jupp a second behind but over four seconds clear of third placed Jankowski who had Ward putting him under increased pressure. Noon dropped four places in the course of a lap dropping behind Williams, Nash, Goldsmith and Championship rival Woodger. Still Jones led from Jupp but it was Williams up to third Jankowski having spun. As he said, it was a long time since he'd raced in the wet.
Jones and Jupp continued to set a punishing pace at the front running almost six seconds clear of third placed Williams who was in turn well clear of fourth placed Ward who had Goldsmith following closely. Woodger was next followed by Noon, Barker and Venning who was recovering superbly after his early spin dropped him to seventeenth. Jones still led but Jupp was upping his pace and closing in. Down the hill with three to go he attempted to get inside Jones as they turned into the right hander. It was ambitious at best as Jones had the line. Jupp climbed the inside kerb and gave the blocks a mighty blow spinning them across the infield. But he kept control. A lap later and he was into the lead through the hairpins but inevitably he was penalised a place for cone abuse dropping him to second behind Jones post race. Williams came home a very lonely third whilst Barker crossed the line fourth only to be penalised down to eighth after and ABC. Goldsmith was promoted to fifth with Ward and Woodger also gaining a place. Noon crossed the line eighth but he too had transgressed and would be classified twelfth. The Championship was going down to the wire and Venning still wasn't out of the hunt having been classified just behind Woodger after the penalties to both Barker and Noon. A slim chance but a chance nevertheless.
Ditcburn on pole from Auger with Carloni and Snelling on row two. Robson and Jackson shared row three from Dane Christison and Richard Gander on four and Daniel Gamblin and Terry Oliphant on row five. Just two to qualify for the A Final and a trophy for the winner. Ditchburn led the field up to the start but it was Carloni who caught the eye moving to the front as Auger's chances disappeared with a spin as did Jacksons. Robson moved up to second with Ditchburn third from a fast starting Oliphant who then lost out when Benjamin Carew tapped him into a spin. Carew would take a four place penalty thus ending his chances of progression. Carloni continued to lead but was coming under pressure from Snelling and Robson. Then Snelling spun away his chances leaving Robson at the front from Carloni. But closing in was Keith Segal. Having started from grid fifteen he'd rapidly made up places eventually getting by Carloni just after half distance and setting fastest lap in the process. But Robson was just too far up the road crossing the line over five seconds clear from Segal who was in turn some nine seconds clear of third placed Ditchburn.
Jones on pole from Jupp with Williams third from Goldsmith. Ward and Woodger on row three with Venning and Barker on row four. Westwood and Gooch occupied the fifth row with Noon twelfth and with work to do to take the Championship ahead of Woodger. Jones led away but it was Jupp who led at the end of lap one from Jones with Williams third. Goldsmith, Ward and Woodger all lost ground whilst Mackenzie caught the eye moving from grid eleven to fourth.
Venning ran fifth ahead of Westwood with Noon next and crucially ahead of his Championship rival Woodger. Two laps run and Jupp had opened up a one and a half second lead over Jones with Williams third but over two seconds back from Jones. Mackenzie still held fourth from Goldsmith, Venning, Noon and Woodger. How Woodger needed an error from Noon. Half distance and it was as you were at the front but Noon was up to sixth from Woodger with Venning down to ninth behind Sam Nash. Jupp by this time was over five seconds clear with Jones looking equally comfortable in second. But Williams's third place was coming under threat from Goldsmith who wasted no time in getting by. Three quarter distance and Jupp was over seven seconds clear whilst Jones led Goldsmith by over two seconds which looked to have settled the podium. Williams ran fourth from Mackenzie whilst Woodger had slipped by Noon for sixth. But he needed more. With two to go Goldsmith set the fastest lap of the race and homed in on Jones for second. Once up to his bumper he was quickly by. Down the order Noon repast Woodger with Nash following him through. Game over. Jupp took the win six seconds up on Goldsmith with Jones third. On another day it would have been a win. Mackenzie took fourth after a faultless drive with Williams fifth. Noon crossed the line sixth his screams of delight almost silencing the traffic on the adjacent M2. Nash was next up followed by Woodger with Westwood and Sandall completing the top ten.
Mike Noon finished just five points clear of Chris Woodger to take the Lightweight crown. He only managed one A final victory but had three Pre A final victories to his credit and he was consistent. Chris Woodger in contrast took three A Final wins and two Pre A Finals but when he was on form he was brilliant but when not, the results just didn't come. James Venning had a good season and finished third. Midway through the season he looked to be getting some momentum supplementing his win at Rye with a further win at Buckmore and then a double at Ellough. Thereafter though he only stepped onto the podium once more. He finished just four points up on Matt Jones who would have taken the spot but for Conner Jupp's presence at the final round. But to be the best you have to beat the best. He was mighty in the second half of the season. Andrew Ward took fifth just edging out Rob Langthorp at the final round.


text:
Q: Run a library from a folder? I'm struggling to get Tikz to run on my University terminal, for some as of yet unknown reason, and I don't have the permissions to install Tikz. I've emailed the 'computer help people' asking them to fix it, but that could take anywhere between a day and a month.
I found this question which has gone someway to answering my question, namely this answer. The answer points here and it looks like I want this sort of syntax:
\import{/base/otherfolder/million_other_folders}{oneOfTheFiles}

But it seems like this is going to take one line for every file I want, and Tikz is very large.
Am I doing this right? How can I use Tikz without 'installing' it properly?

#Edit the first:
Using kpsepath tex | sed 's/:/\n/g' I found that ~/texmf/tex exists and is accessible to me. Running tree on the base dir the folders I downloaded look like so, how much of this needs to go into ~/texmf/tex ?
base
|-- doc
|   `-- generic
|-- source
|   `-- latex
`-- tex
    |-- context
    |-- generic
    |-- latex
    `-- plain

#Edit the second:
I'm getting conflicting results from kpsepath tex | sed 's/:/\n/g'|sed '/!!/d' (I've removed the results appended by !! as I think they are folders I don't have permission for.) The issue is I don't think the files it finds don't exist. It may just be my universities set up of this terminal. Here is a screencap:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Hexatoma (Eriocera) rupununi is een tweevleugelige uit de familie steltmuggen (Limoniidae). De soort komt voor in het Neotropisch gebied.

Hexatoma
Steltmug uit het Neotropisch gebied


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Posted in B Movie News
The Spotlight Shines on Lauren Parkinson
August 4, 2016 0 88
"Magnificent! That's the only term to describe Lauren Parkinson. Not only is she a talented and dedicated actress, she's a delight to have on set. Her work was impeccable, and her laugh is contagious," Director David W. Keffer says about working with Parkinson on THE FIGMENT.
Read moreNow Playing At The B Movie Nation
Lauren Parkinson's philosophy is finding beauty in the darkness of the world and using that as her motivation. Truly a remarkable person and actress, she wants to inspire and hopes her success will inspire others to follow their dreams and never give up.
Originally from Chicago, she moved to Cincinnati where she got her degree in Theater. Excited about acting, she starred in numerous plays in the Cincinnati area. Knowing it was time for her to take that next big step, she relocated to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career in films. Currently Lauren has been consistently landing roles making her a top emerging actress in film and theatre.
Read moreThe British Invasion "Jack Says" Opens Friday
Parkinson has received a lot of praise for her roles in films, theatre, and modeling. Additionally she's appeared on TV series, advertisements, and music videos. As her resume is quickly growing, here are just a few of her films she's completed or currently working on.
Read moreHelp Us Get BRAIN DEAD and JACK SAYS in Theatres
UPCOMING FILMS
Read moreLloyd Kaufman's POULTRYGEIST: Not for chickens
COBRAGATOR
Directed by: Jim Wynorski
Starring: Jesse Bernstein, Bryan Clark, Savannah Goldsmith, Lauren Parkinson, Paul Logan, and Michael Madsen
Read moreFive Easy Questions: JIM WYNORSKI
A gigantic, mutated, reptile attacks the population of an unprepared city. Parkinson's talents once again shine and her role as Roni will keep the audience excited. "Lauren is a complete professional. I truly enjoyed working with her and was constantly amazed by her skills at improvisation," legendary director Jim Wynorski said about working with Parkinson on Cobragator. This Roger Corman creature film with an all-star cast is sure to entertain fans.
Read moreFive Easy Questions: LUCHA RESURRECTOR JEFFREY UHLMANN
DOGGONE CHRISTMAS
Read moreMIL MASCARAS VS. THE AZTEC MUMMY: Monsters in Margaritaville
Parkinson stars in Jim Wynorski's holiday film which also stars Paul Logan who also worked with Parkinson on COBRAGATOR. "Lauren is a very talented actress that shines every time she is on the screen," Logan said "She was great to work with whether the cameras were rolling or not. She's a beautiful addition to any project. I look forward to working with her again. "
Synopsis provided by Jim Wynorski. When the CIA discovers a cute orphan puppy with amazing telepathic abilities, the powers-that-be in Washington immediately lock him down and plan on forcing the poor dog to become a covert secret weapon. But fate steps in and frees the pint-sized Jack Russel Terrier from government clutches – delivering the cute little fellow into the loving arms of two brothers just a week before Christmas. As one might expect, the pair of youngsters fall in love at first sight, and then are astounded to discover that their new found four-legged friend can actually communicate with them telepathically. But with their dad out of a job and bills mounting, it doesn't appear to be the best time to adopt anything — especially a dog that 'talks.' And that's just the start of the boys' problems. Acting on orders from the highest authorities, the FBI has sent out teams of field agents in search of the innocent animal. Helicopters, drones and reconnaissance planes scour the country side – with orders to either bring the dog back or make sure he doesn't fall into enemy hands. In charge of carrying out this devastating order is the no-nonsense Special Forces agent, Camilla Sharp; who'll stop at nothing to retrieve the dog or make sure no one else does. So armed only with their wits, their bikes and a strong, newly formed bond with their cold-nosed friend 'Murphy', the brothers and their school buddies channel the real spirit of Christmas to save the day before it's too late.
Read morePoultrygeist: Night of the Chicken Dead Starts April 17th
Read moreFive Easy Questions: FRED OLEN RAY
A young hipster wannabe-superstar dj, Phil, takes on a day job at a telemarketing company, working with crazy people, ex-prisoners, drug addicts and murderers. The time on his life begins to tick as he battles addiction, fights the law and tries to maintain the only sane thing left in his life, his girlfriend, Christine.
Directed by: Mars Roberge
Written by: Mars Roberge
Starring: Ron Jeremy, Nina Hartley, Lauren Parkinson, and Cindy Lucas
SCUMBAG has been running the festival circuit beginning this May and premiering in the fall. Writer and Director Mars Roberge has an extensive background in numerous creative fields including music and fashion. Over a couple decades he's worked with dozens of celebrities and takes all his life experiences and generates them into his films.
Read moreFive Easy Questions: ZOMBIE MUSIC MAKER CHIP GUBERA
"Lauren was great. She beat the most people (over 1000) in an open audition for her role."Roberge shared about working with Parkinson on SCUMBAG. "On set she really gave a lot to the character (Porsche) and made her come to life. All of the cast + crew enjoyed working with her. Lauren is a method actor and at one point I had to ignore her because she was so embraced in the "bimbo" role that I couldn't have a serious conversation with her in between takes for coffee. Instead I smiled knowing she's having her "Nam Flashback" and I'll just let the camera do the talking for the rest of the night."
Another upcoming film by Roberge is a documentary on Sex & the City Stylist, Patricia Field titled THE LITTLE HOUSE THAT COULD. The film has screened a couple dozen times and was featured at many festivals.
Read moreFive Easy Questions: TURA SATANA
Read moreFive Easy Questions: "CYXORK 7" MASTERMIND JOHN HUFF
THE FIGMENT
Buying the house was supposed to be a dream come true. But for Drew and Kara Townsend the nightmare has just begun.
Directed by: David W. Keffer
Written by: David W. Keffer
Starring: Lauren Parkinson, Margo Rowder, and Rob Antus
Read moreThe 2009 B Movie Celebration Line Up
In 2003 the tanking economy was a blessing in disguise for filmmaker David W. Keffer. Unable to find stable work he decided it was the best time to pack his bags and move to warmer weather and pursue his passion of writing and making films. The last few years Keffer and Parkinson kept in contact and he knew that she was the best for the role of Kara in his film THE FIGMENT. Parkinson loved the script and said she felt the energy of the script moving in the right direction.
Keffer was ecstatic to have her in his film as he shares his experience working with her, "At times I completely forgot we had Lauren on set as she disappeared into the role. Even now, sometimes I have to remind myself that she's an actress and not a nurse! Her disposition lent itself well to the quiet nuances of her character, and in the few places where it didn't, her work ethic more than made up for it. In fact, we had a short day when other cast and crew had to leave sick so we needed to wrap the scene with Lauren's close-ups. She nailed it with a single take!"
Read moreFive Easy Questions: B MOVIE NATION LEADER/FILMMAKER BILL DEVER
Keffer goes on about her persona, "Lauren's energy was infectious with the cast and crew. Her witty comments completely changed the dynamics each day she was on set, and her jokes (and songs) kept us all encouraged during the long hours of filming. I could not imagine a better fit for this production, and I look forward to working with her again in the near future."
Read moreOut in The Theatres June 5th CYXORK7
MANNEQUIN MAN (short)
A story about a woman who falls in love with a mannequin.
Directed by: Brian Cawley
Written by:Brian Cawley
Starring: Lauren Parkinson, Sean Cawley, and Neil Kanal
Here are some films that were recently released and currently available:
Read moreFive Easy Questions: B movie artist MITCH O'CONNELL
Read moreFive Easy Questions:B Movie Nation's Southwest Rep MIDNITE MOVIE MAMACITA
APPETITES
Daisy is the all-American girl next door with a hunger for true love and an appetite for murder. Then one day Daisy meets the man of her dreams, only to discover that his own lust for killing might make her his next victim.
Directed by: Cameron Casey
Written by:Darren Bevill
Starring: James Duval, Lauren Parkinson, and Bret Roberts
Producer and Director Cameron Casey has an elaborate directing and producing career in music videos and commercials. In recent years Casey has been a successful Executive Producer, overseeing creative development and production for television shows that have aired on HBO, E!, Bloomberg, FOX and NBC, as well as various feature films including Never Die Alone, staring David Arquette and DMX.
Read moreFive Easy Questions: THE CZAR OF NOIR, EDDIE MULLER
His film APPETITE engages you from the opening scene and is intense throughout. Parkinson is the main reason for that intensity and she brought it on day one.
"Working with Lauren was a wild adventurous and exciting experience from the first moment we all met her. She owned the roll both mentally emotionally and physical." tells Casey. "This was a slasher musical love story. Not an easy undertaking by any stretch of the imagination. She was throwing other male actors around the room in auditions and had the spirit energy and sick sense of humor we were looking for.
Read moreAnnouncing the 2nd Annual Golden Cob Awards!
"She's a country girl at heart and brought a down to earth girl next door quality to our cannibal killer Daisy we needed. I had no idea when we started this film would take on the strange surreal quality it did. But Lauren dug deep and brought her natural twisted twistedness to the table on this. At the end of the day she was our Daisy as we could only hope for. I showed her scenes from Deliverance at 5am before her scene to help her along her journey. I think that might have worked. FYI I'm still in therapy after completing this film," Casey continued.
Read moreFive Easy Questions: "CINEMA INSOMNIA" LEGEND MR. LOBO
AVENGERS GRIMM
When Rumpelstiltskin destroys the Magic Mirror and escapes to the modern world, the four princesses of "Once Upon a Time"-Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Snow White, and Rapunzel-are sucked through the portal too. Well-trained and endowed with magical powers, the four women must fight Rumpelstiltskin and his army of thralls before he enslaves everyone on Earth.
Read moreFive Easy Questions: B MOVIE NATION'S EAST COAST REP AND HOLLYWOOD THEATER MOGUL BRUCE LENTZ, AKA MR. SCHLOCK
Directed by: Jeremy M. Inman
Written by:Jeremy M. Inman
Starring: Casper Van Dien, Lauren Parkinson, Lou Ferrigno
Hailed as one of The Asylum's best action/adventure films, Parkinson thrills audiences as she plays the role of Snow White.
For more information and to keep current with Lauren, check out her social sites and IMDB.
Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo (1984)
Unearthly Stranger (1963)
The Dark Side Of The Multiplex
Smokey Bites the Dust (1981)
Galaxina (1980) →
← Black Frankenstein (1973)


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Illinois Federation of Teachers
DANIEL J. MONTGOMERY
President and COO
Daniel J. Montgomery has worked on behalf of public education and the rights of working men and women for more than two decades. He was elected to a three-year term as president of the 103,000-member Illinois Federation of Teachers at the union's convention in October 2010 and unanimously reelected in 2013, 2016 and 2019.
He received his B.A. in English, summa cum laude, from the University of Michigan and holds an M.S.Ed. from Northwestern University. A dedicated and experienced educator, Montgomery taught English for 18 years at Niles North High School in Skokie, Ill. He has also taught in the City Colleges of Chicago and at Northwestern University.
Montgomery is a proud union activist. He has been an IFT member since his first day of teaching in 1993. He served as head of the 1,800-member North Suburban Teachers Union, AFT Local 1274, for nearly 10 years and was a vice president on the IFT Executive Board from 2002 until his election to the IFT presidency. Montgomery also serves as a vice president of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT), where he sits on the Executive Committee with AFT President Randi Weingarten.
Montgomery is also a vice president of the Illinois AFL-CIO and serves on the Boards of Directors of the Albert Shanker Institute, the Center for Tax and Budget Accountability, and Chicago's Theater Oobleck. In 2015, Governor Pat Quinn appointed him a trustee of the Lincoln Academy of Illinois. He served seven years as a director of the prestigious National Board for Professional Teaching Standards.
Dan is married to visual artist Patti Green; they have three children and are heavily involved in their community, Evanston, Ill.
Constitution & By Laws
IFT Locals
LASR Program
PAC Program
Dan's Desk
Union Link
Support for COVID-19
Collective Voice
500 Oakmont Lane
Press Inquires:
Email Monica Trevino at Mtrevino@ift-aft.org
© 2020 Illinois Federation of Teachers.
MY IFT
Join the movement! Learn more about how easy it is to take the next step and join the IFT!


Asphalt Shingles Can Provide 20 Years of Capable Protection at an Affordable Price.
Are you ready to replace the old or dilapidated roof system on your home? For primary installations or asphalt shingle repair in Midlothian and Mansfield, TX, you can rely on the experienced experts at MAC Construction & Roofing. Occasionally repairs just won't be enough to get your roof back together, and for such situations, we offer cost-effective replacement and installation service.
Pricing for asphalt shingles may vary depending on the materials you select for your home. If you're looking for a price quote, call us now at (972) 638-8173. We'd be happy to talk to you about which styles and colors we provide. When it comes to asphalt shingle roofing, you can rely on our experienced professionals to walk you through the process and help you find materials perfect for your budget!
Asphalt shingle roofs, which are considered one of the most cost-effective and traditional roof methods, are typically created from mats of fiberglass coated in asphalt pieces. There are plenty of shapes, sizes, styles, and even colors to pick from, depending on how you would like your roofing to look. When picking an asphalt shingle, it is generally a good idea to choose a design that complements your home and the environment surrounding it. With at least twenty years of service, you can depend on any shingle roofing installation you get. If you expect your new roofing to last, it is essential to schedule annual asphalt shingle maintenance as well as repair appointments!
You Can Trust Our Shingle Roofers for Quality Installation and Lasting Repairs.
No roof system lasts forever, and with an asphalt shingle roof, every fifteen years you should consider replacement or possible restoration choices. There is a large selection of options to choose from, and we only stock the top quality of materials. Our team is experienced in offering asphalt shingle roofing solutions to our community, and we take pride in our craftsmanship. To ask for a quote for installation or asphalt shingle repair in Midlothian and Mansfield, TX, send our crew a call at (972) 638-8173! You can bet on our team for dependable and cost-effective residential shingle roof solutions.
Updated on May 17, 2018 at 10:27 am by MAC Construction & Roofing.


Today I took a long walk along Leslie Spit. It's so relaxing having nothing but water on either side of you. With the sun setting the city was just breath taking!
I hope everyone had a safe and happy Canada Day.


This recipe is both light tasting and very filling. It's the freshest tasting chili I've ever had. And it's good enough that you won't even miss the beans. Combine it with some avocado slices and you have a whole meal. This is a very paleo dish, loosely based on Rachael Ray's black bean chili.
In a pot over medium high heat, start browning the ground chicken in olive oil. Season with salt. Once the meat is cooked, add the chopped onion, garlic, red pepper, and jalapeño. Add the chili powder, cumin, and oregano. As you let the vegetables cook, dice the tomatoes and chop the cilantro. You can also puree them, but I prefer the chunkiness of diced tomatoes.
Once the onions are translucent and you get a bit of that delicious sizzle on the bottom of the pot, add 1/4 cup water to the bottom of the pot and scrape up the drippings. Then add the tomatoes (including juice), the juice of one lime, and cilantro. Reduce the heat to low and cover it for an hour and a half.
You can cook the chicken chili faster than this… But the longer you cook it, the more the flavors will combine and the less watery it will taste.
Serve the chicken chili in bowls with some freshly chopped cilantro and avocado slices. Trust me, you'll love this.
I cooked it all up in a pot real fast, transferred to the slow cooker after adding the tomatoes and headed to the gym for an hour. Had it right after we got back and it was OFF THE CHAIN!! Yum!!!!


Tour 3 Charleston Breweries: This is an exclusive Charleston Brewery Bus Tour showcasing Charleston's microbreweries, local flavor, history, and Charleston's craft beer culture! Grab your friends and hop on board the Brew Bus to indulge in the local beer scene. The more the merrier! Cheers!!
Enjoy a guided bus tour of a local brewery, travel to 3 local microbreweries on the Brew Bus and sample delicious local brews such as "BlackBEERd" Ale and Oyster Stout, or maybe even some Pluff Mud Porter!
Enjoy a guided tour of a local brewery, travel to 3 local microbreweries on the Brew Bus and sample delicious local brews such as "BlackBEERd" Ale and Oyster Stout, or maybe even some Pluff Mud Porter!
– Enjoy light snacks, a bottle of water, and other goodies aboard the Brew Bus.
– Learn about the history of beer in Charleston and the delicious art of craft brewing.
– Join the flourishing craft beer scene.
– Purchase growlers at each stop.
The bus will leave from our ticket shop in the heart of the historic city market at 11am sharp. Grab your friends and hop on board the Brew Bus to indulge in the local beer scene. The more the merrier! Cheers!!
Your ticket includes transportation, samples of local brews at each brewery, tour of brewery facilities, local guide, transportation, plenty of bottled water, and light snacks. If you would like to purchase growlers, souvenirs, or additional food, please bring extra cash.
Can I purchase beer to take home?
Yes. At each brewery, everyone has a chance to buy a limited amount of beer to take home as we are tasting.
Market Street—downtown historic district – Charleston, SC. (Exact meeting location details will be provided immediately upon purchase of tickets.) Advanced purchase is required, & we often sell out quickly, so it is strongly recommended that you buy our Brewery Bus Tour tickets online or call Zerve at (800) 979-3370.
READY TO BOOK OUR BREWERY BUS TOUR?


text:
KV35YL (YL від англ. Younger Lady — молодша дама; вона ж мумія № 61072) - мумія, виявлена в гробниці KV35 в Долині Царів археологом Віктором Лорі в 1898 році. За допомогою генетико-генеалогічної експертизи Мумія була ідентифікована як мати фараона Тутанхамона, дочка фараона Аменхотепа III і цариці Тії. Зберігається в Каїрському Єгипетському музеї.

Поруч з нею були знайдені дві мумії: літня цариця Тія і хлопчик (можливо, що це Вебенсену — син Аменхотепа II або принц Тутмос — син Аменхотепа III); згідно з останніми дослідженнями ДНК, вони належать генеалогічної лінії Тутанхамона. Вони були знайдені разом, лежачи голими пліч-о-пліч в невеликому приміщенні гробниці. Всі три мумії сильно пошкоджені стародавніми грабіжниками могил.

Хронологія досліджень

Було багато суперечок щодо ідентифікації особистості юної леді.

Виявивши мумію в 1898 році, Віктор Лоре спочатку вважав через голену голову мумії, що це юнак. При найближчому розгляді пізніше д-р Графтон Елліот Сміт встановив жіночу стать мумії, проте інтерпретація Лорі протрималася багато років.

У 2001-2003 роках єгиптологи Сьюзен Джеймс і Джоанн Флетчер вказали на ряд непрямих ознак, що підтверджують царське походження мумії, і заявили в ЗМІ, що знайшли Нефертіті. У 2003 році була зроблена реконструкція прижиттєвого вигляду мумії; заявлялося, що вона дуже схожа на бюст Нефертіті. Однак інші єгиптологи, включаючи доктора Захі Хавасса, піддали самій різкій критиці версію Флетчер, заборонили працювати британській експедиції, і оголосили знайдений біля мумії перуку «підкинутою фальшивкою».

У лютому 2010 аналізом ДНК мумія ідентифікована як — дочка цариці Тії (що лежить поруч) і Аменхотепа III (похованого в цій же гробниці), сестра Ехнатона, мати Тутанхамона. За правління Тутанхамона ім'я його матері не згадується, оскільки вона померла раніше його воцаріння.

Мала ймовірність, що ця молодша дама була однією з відомих дружин Ехнатона — Нефертіті або Кійей, бо жодна з них не відома як «сестра Ехнатона». Також малоймовірно, що вони є сестрами Ехнатона - Сітамон, Ізідою або Хенуттанеб; бо ті були «Великими царицями» — дружинами їх батька Аменхотепа III, і якби Ехнатон одружився з будь — якою з них-вони б зайняли місце Нефертіті як головні єгипетські цариці. У доповіді робиться висновок, що мумія, ймовірно, є дочкою Аменхотепа III — Небетах або Бакетатон, бо невідомо про їхній шлюб з їх батьком.

Також існує теорія, що мумія належить Мерітатон — дочки Ехнатона і Нефертіті, дружині Сменхкара. Згідно з цією теорією, Мерітатон вийшла заміж за Сменхкара, і тоді Тутанхамон є онуком  Ехнатона.

7 лютого 2018 року оприлюднена новина, що дослідник Ейден Додсон з Бристольського університету, використовуючи тривимірне сканування, склав цифрову карту обличчя мумії. Потім на основі тривимірної моделі і методів судової медицини палеохудожник Елізабет Дейніс (англ.), відома завдяки реконструкції зовнішності Тутанхамона, відтворила вигляд стародавньої мумії. Представлений макет доповнений широко відомим головним убором Нефертіті і прикрасами від Dior.

Опис мумії

Ескіз мумії, зроблений Графтоном Елліотом Смітом, показує значні пошкодження.

Графтон Елліот Сміт дав докладний опис мумії в своєму огляді стародавніх царських мумій на початку XX століття. Він виявив мумію зростом 1,58 м (5 футів 2 дюйма) і припустив її вік не старше 25 років на момент смерті. Він також відзначив великі пошкодження, завдані стародавніми грабіжниками могил, які розбили мумії груди і відірвали праву руку трохи нижче плеча; праве вухо відбито, в нижній частині черепа діра 38 × 30 мм. Єгиптолог виявив, що метод бальзамування схожий з бальзамуванням Аменхотепа II і мумій його сучасників, припустив, що вона була членом царської сім'ї.

Довгий час вважалося, що велика рана мумії в лівій частині рота і щоки, що знищила частину щелепи, теж була нанесена грабіжниками могил. Але подальші дослідження показали, що поранення нанесені за життя і призвели до смерті.

Джерело

 Communiqué de presse de Zahi Hawass : CT-scans of Egyptian Mummies from the Valley of the Kings - The "Younger Lady" from KV 35
 nationalgeographic.fr : Les secrets de famille du roi Toutânkhamon
 Description de la momie
 La tombe KV55

Стародавній Єгипет


I was able to get to the right answer using conditionals but I'm not exactly sure what type of question this is. Inference?
See an intro to question language in the Theory videos starting here, and a (pretty much) complete list of it here.
I was confused on this question because it says that these alloys superconduct at temperatures no higher than minus 160. And in order to be economically feasible they must conduct above minus 148 degrees. 160 is above 148, so the wording confused me. Would you be able to clarify this up for me as I am still confused.
160 is above 148, but negative 160 is below negative 148.