text:
Protests and civil disorder occurred in reaction to the killing of Daunte Wright on April 11, 2021. Wright, a 20-year-old Black man, was fatally shot by police officer Kimberly Potter during a traffic stop in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, United States. Protests that first began in Brooklyn Center spread to other locations in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area and then to other cities in the United States. Several nights of civil disorder in Brooklyn Center and adjacent cities resulted in sporadic looting and damage to a few hundred properties, including four businesses that were set on fire.

Wright's death came during a prolonged period of unrest in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area over police brutality and racial injustice, notably due to the murder of George Floyd and the trial of Derek Chauvin, the Minneapolis police officer who murdered Floyd. Protesters demanded justice for Wright's death and made several demands of public officials, including a more severe murder charge for Potter, an independent investigation of the shooting, and enactment of police reform measures.

In mid April 2021, many local protests were held outside the Brooklyn Center police station on Humboldt Avenue. Law enforcement established a heavily fortified barrier area and periodically clashed with demonstrators over several days. Demonstrators made several attempts to overrun the security barrier established around the police station during a few nights of tense protests. Law enforcement fired tear gas and less-lethal munitions into the crowds. Protesters later demanded that criminal charges be dropped against demonstrators over Wright's death, and that law enforcement discontinue aggressive crowd control methods. In three separate incidents, law enforcement and Minnesota National Guard troops had gunshots fired at them during civil disorder in the week after Wright's death.

Protests resumed in late 2021 during Potter's criminal trial with most demonstrations concentrated in downtown Minneapolis near a court building. A jury convicted Potter of first-degree and second-degree manslaughter charges on December 23, 2021. Protests were held as a reaction to Potter's prison sentence, which was for two years rather than the seven years requested by the state, and a few instances of looting took place in Brooklyn Center and Minneapolis.

Background

Killing of Daunte Wright

Daunte Wright was an unarmed, 20-year-old biracial Black man, who was fatally shot by Brooklyn Center police officer Kimberly Potter during an altercation at a traffic stop on April 11, 2021, on 63 Avenue North in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota. Police said Potter had meant to use her Taser but accidentally used a handgun.

Brooklyn Center

Brooklyn Center is a city in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, bordering Minneapolis to the north. It had a population of nearly 31,000 residents by 2021, and it had transformed from a mostly White suburb to one of the most diverse areas in the region over the previous decades with most of its residents people of color. The city was also one of the poorest in Hennepin County; 15 percent of residents lived below the federal poverty level. In 2019, voters elected Mike Elliot, a Liberian-American, to be the city's first person-of-color mayor. By the time of Wright's death, most of the city's police force were White, and no officers lived within the city's boundaries.

Previous law enforcement killings in Minnesota

Wright's killing was the sixth by Brooklyn Center police officers since 2012, and all but one were of persons of color. At least 207 people have been killed by law enforcement in Minnesota since 2000, according to a local newspaper database. Wright's death became the third high-profile death of a Black man in the Minneapolis area over the preceding five years during a police encounter. In 2016, Philando Castile was shot to death by a police officer during a traffic stop in the nearby city of Falcon Heights, and Floyd was murdered in 2020. The fatal shooting of Justine Damond, a White woman, by a Black Minneapolis police officer in 2017 also resulted in controversy, and a conviction of third-degree murder and manslaughter for the officer that shot her. The fatal shooting of Jamar Clark by a Minneapolis police officer during an arrest in 2015, and the exchange of gunfire with Minneapolis police that left Dolal Idd dead during an attempted sting operation in December 2020, were also sources of controversy and protests over the killing of Black men.

Previous racial injustice protests and unrest

In 2020 and 2021, the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan region experienced a prolonged period of protests and intermittent unrest over issues of police brutality and racial justice, beginning soon after the murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020. Three nights of riots and looting from May 27 to May 30, 2020, resulted in two deaths, 617 arrests, and upwards of $500 million in property damage to 1,500 locations in the metropolitan region, making it the second-most destructive period of local unrest in United States history, after the 1992 Los Angeles riots. During the unrest, on May 28, 2020, a Minneapolis police station was overrun by demonstrators and set on fire.

Wright's death in Brooklyn Center was approximately  from the 38th and Chicago Avenue street intersection in Minneapolis where George Floyd was murdered. Wright's death, and the subsequent protests, occurred as the trial of Derek Chauvinthe police officer who murdered Floydwas nearing its conclusion in Minneapolis. According to The New York Times, the fatal shooting of Wright "injected more frustration and anxiety into the Twin Cities region", heightening local tension and outrage. By early April 2021, state officials had already begun mobilizing law enforcement and National Guard troops, in an effort referred to as "Operation Safety Net", in preparation for a verdict in the Chauvin trial. Officials hoped to avoid a repeat of the civil disorder, violence, and property destruction that the metropolitan region experienced in May and June 2020 after Floyd's murder.

Events in Brooklyn Center and Minneapolis–Saint Paul

Initial protests and civil disorder

Day 1: Sunday, April 11, 2021

On April 11, 2021, at 1:48 p.m., officer Kimberly Potter with the police department of Brooklyn Center, a suburb of Minneapolis–Saint Paul, shot 20-year-old Daunte Wright, a black man, during a traffic stop. Wright had an outstanding warrant for his arrest. As officers attempted to detain him, a struggle ensued and Wright re-entered his vehicle. Potter discharged her firearm, believing she was using her taser gun instead, striking Wright before he drove off. Wright crashed his vehicle several blocks away. Though EMS arrived and attempted to revive him, Wright was pronounced dead at the scene of the crash. Wright's girlfriend was also a passenger in the car. She sustained non-life-threatening injuries from the crash and was transported to the hospital.

As news of the Brooklyn Center incident spread, family members of Wright, neighbors to the car crash, and protesters began gathering at the car crash scene in Brooklyn Center in what was initially a peaceful demonstration to demand justice for Wright. Several protesters came from another rally organized by families of people who had been killed by police, that they had held earlier in the day in nearby Saint Paul, Minnesota. The crowd grew to several hundred people by evening as they demanded more information from police investigators. As tension at the scene rose over the ensuing hours, police in tactical gear arrived, formed a line, and moved in when demonstrators began climbing on police vehicles and throwing bricks. Police fired tear gas into the crowd and a less-lethal round that struck a demonstrator in the head who appeared to be holding a chunk of concrete.

In nearby Saint Paul, four people were arrested during looting in the afternoon. Liquor stores, cell phone stores, and gas stations along University Avenue, Marshall Avenue, Payne Avenue, Arcade Street and Sherwood Avenue were looted.

At nightfall, demonstrators gathered outside the Brooklyn Center Police Department building on Humboldt Avenue and stood off against a line of police in riot gear. Authorities declared the gathering unlawful and gave orders for the crowd to disperse. When crowds did not disperse, police fired tear gas, flashbangs, and rubber bullets into the crowd, scattering demonstrators. According to John Harrington, commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Public Safety, there were reports of rocks and other objects being thrown and gunshots being fired in the area.

Violence and widespread looting occurred at many stores overnight in Brooklyn Center, in Minneapolis, and at other locations in the Twin Cities region. In Brooklyn Center, looting took place at the Shingle Creek Crossing shopping plaza, and affected nearly every store located there. Brooklyn Center Police reported that at its peak, there were 24 simultaneous looting incidents. In Brooklyn Park, an adjacent city to Brooklyn Center, a gunshot was fired into the glass door of a police station, though no one was injured. Late that night, Brooklyn Center Mayor Mike Elliott imposed an overnight curfew and the city announced closure of its schools for April 12. State officials began deployment of the Minnesota National Guard to Brooklyn Center and throughout the metropolitan area to provide non-police security.

About 25–30 people were arrested overnight in Minneapolis by law enforcement. Several Minneapolis businesses were looted on Sunday evening, many of which had been looted during the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul in May 2020. Property damage was also reported in Saint Paul overnight.

Day 2: Monday, April 12, 2021

The overnight curfew was lifted at 6:00 a.m. on Monday, April 12, 2021. Students in Brooklyn Center were ordered to stay home on Monday for fears of further violence. The Hennepin County Medical Examiner report released that day ruled Daunte Wright's death a homicide, and officials identified Potter as the officer who shot Wright.

In anticipation of civil unrest following the shooting, Minnesota Governor Tim Walz implemented a curfew in the metropolitan counties Hennepin, Ramsey, Anoka, and Dakota from 7:00 p.m. on April 12, 2021, to 6:00 a.m. on April 13. Approximately 1,000 members of the Minnesota National Guard were deployed across the Twin Cities to provide a non-police security presence. Several Minnesota professional sports teamsTimberwolves, Twins, and Wild cancelled their scheduled home games for April 12. City officials in Brooklyn Center fired their longtime city manager, which had been a demand of protesters. Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey declared a state of emergency and a curfew effective from 7:00 p.m. on April 12 until 6:00 a.m. on April 13. Saint Paul Mayor Melvin Carter declared a state of emergency and a curfew on Monday.

By noon, 50 protesters were facing off with an equal number of National Guard personnel in Brooklyn Center. Authorities erected concrete barricades and chain-link fencing around the city's police station.

The Brooklyn Center City Council passed a resolution banning choke holds and use of dangerous crowd control tactics such as tear gas, pepper spray, rubber bullets, and protester kettling. Police, however, still used the tactics during the response. Brooklyn Center also officials released the body camera footage of Potter shooting Wright during a press conference. At one point during the day, Brooklyn Center Mayor Mike Elliot stood outside the police station alongside protesters and spoke to the gathered crowd about ensuring justice and accountability for the shooting of Wright.

In an afternoon press conference in Washington, D.C., President Joe Biden commented on the situation in Brooklyn Center during a meeting with members of congress about his economic agenda. Biden called for an investigation into the killing and said "our prayers are with the family" of Daunte Wright. He added about the unrest, "But, in the meantime, I want to make it clear again: There is absolutely no justification—none—for looting, no justification for violence. Peaceful protest, understandable."

For a second night in a row, a large protest gathered after curfew at the Brooklyn Center police headquarters. The 7 p.m. curfew was ignored by crowds of hundreds, leading to clashes between rioter and police with arrests starting around 9:00 p.m. Some demonstrators threw bottles and bricks and shot fireworks at police officers and National Guard troops. Police deployed gas canisters and flash-bang grenades to disperse the crowd. By 10 p.m. the police had cleared the area around the police station.

Sporadic looting was reported at several Brooklyn Center businesses throughout the night. Fire department crews responded to smoke coming from a Dollar Tree stored that had been looted and set on fire. By 12:30 a.m. on April 13, 40 people had been arrested in Brooklyn Center, according to a report state law enforcement released the next day, and several police officers reported minor injuries from objects thrown at officers.

Day 3: Tuesday, April 13, 2021

On Tuesday, April 13, 2021, the Brooklyn Center city council voted to transfer oversight of the police department from the city manager to the mayor's office, and they dismissed their city manager. Potter fled her home after her address was posted to social media. Local police fortified Potter's home with fencing and concrete barriers. Potter resigned her position with the police department, which was effective immediately.

Several hundred protesters marched from the Brooklyn Center Police station to a nearby FBI satellite office. Things were peaceful until sundown when police declared an unlawful assembly and shot pepper spray and flash bombs at protesters. A curfew went into effect at 10 p.m. Some demonstrators threw projectiles at police and scaled the fence at the FBI office. Elsewhere in Brooklyn Center, several dumpsters and a vehicle outside an apartment building near 70th Street and Humbolt Avenue were set on fire. During the unrest, a person was recorded telling police officers to slash the tires of protesters "so they can't drive away" as police were ordering protesters out of a car.

At about 10:30 p.m., an occupied Saint Paul police vehicle that was monitoring retail areas for potential looting was hit by multiple gunshots fired by Jamoni Raekwon Blackstone, a 28-year-old man from North Saint Paul, who was angry with police over Wright's death. The police officer, who feared he was being ambushed, drove off to escape. Blackstone was later arrested. In late 2021, he pleaded guilty to second-degree intentional murder charges and received a 15-year sentence.

At around midnight, Brooklyn Center Mayor Mike Elliot said in a television interview, "We want people to go home. People are still upset, and the goal right now is to try and disperse the crowd and trying to get people to go home."

Officials from Operation Safety Net said 79 people were arrested on April 13 and into the early morning hours of April 14.

Day 4: Wednesday, April 14, 2021
Potter was arrested on April 14, 2021, and charged with second-degree manslaughter. She was taken into custody, but released several hours later after posting the $100,000 bail bond. Protesters that day demanded that more serious chargers were brought against her. According to Minnesota Department of Public Safety Commissioner John Harrington, many of the activists groups planning to continue protesting did not want participants to create trouble.

Protesters put up a large, wooden sculpture of a raised fist at the location where Wright died. The sculptured had been displayed previously at George Floyd Square in Minneapolis, but was replaced there by a version made of metal.

Hundreds of protesters gathered for the fourth night in a row outside the Brooklyn Center police department building. Most of the crowd was described as peaceful, but some who gathered threw objects at the National Guard members, State Patrol officers, and Hennepin County sheriff's deputies outside the police building. Authorities declared the gathering unlawful and issued dispersal orders before the 10 p.m. curfew went into effect. The situation grew more tense after the curfew time passed and authorities gave several additional dispersal orders. Law enforcement fired marking paint and pepper spray as it grew more unruly.

Twenty-four people were arrested. No looting was reported, according to authorities.

Day 5: Thursday, April 15, 2021

Potter made her first court appearance in Hennepin County via teleconference on April 15, 2021. Wright's family called for more serious criminal charges to be filed against her.

Approximately 1,000 people gathered outside the Brooklyn Center police headquarters during the day in a peaceful rally that had a festival atmosphere and free food provided by a local non-profit organization. The cities of Brooklyn Park and Champlin declared overnight curfews beginning at 10 p.m.

By night, a small portion of the large crowd from earlier remained outside the Brooklyn Center police station. The scene grew more tense when a demonstrator attempted to break down fencing around the police station and some demonstrators threw objects at officers. In contrast to previous nights, law enforcement officers positioned themselves further back from the fencing and adopted a subdued response. No dispersal orders were issued to the crowd and authorities did not fire tear gas or less-lethal munitions.

Day 6: Friday, April 16, 2021
In the morning on Friday, April 16, 2021, Margarita Ortega, a police abolition advocate and candidate for a Minneapolis City Council seat, commented on the property destruction during the unrest that disproportionately affected poorer areas in the city. In a message posted to the Facebook website that was directed to those setting buildings on fire, she said "Lake of the Isles has more then [sic] needed and won't be missed".

During the day, members of the Minneapolis Regional Labor Federation held a press conference outside Brooklyn Center High School to "stand up for what's right...beyond just contracts". At least 50 members of the Minnesota National Guard were asked to leave the Saint Paul Labor Center by members of the Communications Workers of America Minneapolis Local 7250, which prompted criticism from some state legislators and Minnesota Governor Tim Walz.

In a press conference, Brooklyn Center Mayor Mike Elliot publicly disagreed with the police department's counter-protest measure tactics, such as firing pepper stray, tear gas, and paintballs at demonstrators. He said that "gassing is not a human way of policing."

That evening, U.S. District Judge Wilhelmina Wright issued a two-week-long restraining order saying that police could not arrest journalists covering the protests, use force or chemical agents against them, or seize their camera equipment or press passes.

Brooklyn Center officials declined to issue a curfew for Friday night. A crowd that reached a size of approximately 1,000 people again gathered outside the fenced-off Brooklyn Center police headquarters in a festival-like atmosphere. The situation changed after 9 p.m. when a crowd of approximately 200 people remained gathered outside the fences. In a speech to the crowd, former professional basketball player Royce White said, "The fence represents tyranny. The fence is a smack in the face. The fence is spitting on Daunte Wright's face.... We have the numbers. We should continue to push."

Several demonstrators threw objects at law enforcement and advanced on the fences while other protesters pleaded with them to stop. A line of protesters shielded themselves with umbrellas. Some demonstrators that attempted to breach the fencing were armed with baseball bats, hockey equipment, and objects they used as projectiles. Law enforcement authorities announced a declaration that the assembly was unlawful at about 9:55 p.m.. They later deployed flash-bangs and then advanced on the crowd at approximately 10:05 p.m. At 10:40 p.m., Brooklyn Center officials issued a curfew for 11 p.m.

Law enforcement ushered journalists through checkpoints to verify credentials before releasing them. One photojournalist alleged he was punched and pepper-sprayed by a law enforcement officer. Despite the restraining order issued by the federal judge barring the use of force against journalists covering protests, Minnesota police forced journalists to lie flat on the ground while they were covering the protest, and photographed them and their press passes. The president of the USA Today network "condemned the actions" of the police and characterized them as "purposeful intimidation tactics". That night, police arrested 136 people, 52 people were arrested and booked for probable cause riot charges.

Law enforcement officials remarked that the rally had been peaceful until the last few minutes of it, and expressed disappointment that their strategy to deescalate was unsuccessful Friday, when Thursday had been relatively calm. Minnesota's public safety commissioner, John Harrington, said about the law enforcement response at a press conference just after midnight, "Tearing down a fence, coming armed to a protest, is not in my mind befitting a peaceful protest. It is not befitting groups that are there to recognize the tragedy that is the loss of Daunte Wright."

Day 7: Saturday, April 17, 2021

Brooklyn Center and Champlin issued an 11 p.m. curfew for Saturday, April 17, 2021, ahead of planned protests for the day. Brooklyn Center Mayor Mike Elliot called for law enforcement to use more restraint by not firing munitions or tear gas into the crowd and by not kettling those who protest peacefully. Twenty-five media organizations sent a letter to Minnesota Governor Tim Walz denouncing law enforcement tactics perceived as intimidation and violence towards media members. Walz and state officials met with media members on April 14, and pledged to abide by the federal judge's order regarding journalists.

A protest group gathered in Saint Paul to demand that Potter, the officer who shot Wright, be charged with a more serious crime. After learning of the charging official's residential address, the protest group formed a caravan and travelled to Stillwater, Minnesota, in the afternoon. An approximately 100-person rally led by local activist Nekima Levy Armstrong took place outside the home of Washington County Attorney Pete Orput, the official who brought manslaughter charges against Potter. Protesters also marched the streets of the neighborhood. Orput spoke with the group at one point during the protest rally to explain his rationale for the charging decision, but protesters said they would continue to pressure Orput on the matter.

Hundreds of people gathered outside the Brooklyn Center police headquarters, for the seventh consecutive night of protests. The crowd reached 300 people at its largest point. Minnesota Freedom Fighters, a group of volunteers that sought to keep demonstrations peaceful, removed a group of people from the crowd that attempted to cut the fences that surrounded the police station. Jesse Jackson, a national civil rights leader, attended part of the rally. Protesters affixed a large sign to the protective fencing around the building that read, "Stop state terror".

Later that night, U.S. Representative Maxine Waters of California attended the rally outside the police station, which by then had an estimated crowd of about 150 people. In an exchange with news reporters who were at the rally, Waters commented on the protests and the looming verdict in the trial of former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin. She said, "I hope we get a verdict that says guilty, guilty, guilty. And if we don't, we cannot go away. We've got to stay on the street. We get more active, we've got to get more confrontational. We've got to make sure that they know that we mean business."

In response to a question from a report about the curfew in effect in Brooklyn Center, Waters said, "I don't think anything about curfew ... I don't know what 'curfew' means.  Curfew means that 'I want to you all to stop talking, I want you to stop meeting, I want you to stop gathering.'  I don't agree with that."

The protests in Brooklyn Center, which had been peaceful throughout the night, grew raucous as the curfew time went into effect, but the size of the crowd shrunk shortly after. Late into the night demonstrators did not make any other attempts to breach the fencing and there were no dispersal orders or arrests in Brooklyn Center by midnight.

One person was arrested by the Minneapolis Police Department Saturday night in connection to demonstrations.

Day 8: Sunday, April 18, 2021
At approximately 4:20 a.m. on Sunday, April 18, 2021, in the Jordan neighborhood of Minneapolis, several gun shots were fired from a passing SUV at National Guard troops stationed near Penn and Broadway. The troops were there to provide neighborhood security following the killing of Daunte Wright. The troops had been activated as part of the Derek Chauvin trial and demonstrations over Wright's death. One bullet went through the windshield of a military vehicle that held four soldiers, though none were hit by a bullet. One soldier was transported to a hospital for injuries from shattered glass, and another was treated at the scene for minor wounds. Andrew Thomas, a 28-year-old man from Minneapolis, pleaded guilty in mid 2021 to criminal charges for the drive-by shooting and received a 13-year sentence.

At about 3 p.m., a White man in his 20s was killed in an exchange of gunfire with police officers in the Minneapolis suburb of Burnsville. Police were in pursuit of the man for an alleged string of carjackings and fatally shot him during a standoff on a highway.

In Saint Paul, about 300 people marched through the streets and rallied outside the governor's mansion in a peaceful event that featured speeches, chants, and prayers. The crowd learned of the police shooting in Burnsville as they were taking a knee during a moment of silence. Few details about the incident were known at the time. Some in the crowd planned to travel to Burnsville, but organizers of the Saint Paul rally encouraged people to travel instead to Brooklyn Center. The crowd in Saint Paul dispersed by the late afternoon.

Protesters gathered for an eighth-straight day outside the Brooklyn Center police station. A coalition of women's organizations that gathered there called for Potter to face a more serious murder charge and for officials to end Operation Safety Net, a law enforcement initiative set up to maintain order during protests. By the late afternoon, city officials announced an overnight curfew from 11 p.m. Sunday, April 18 to 6 a.m. Monday, April 19. A small, peaceful crowd of approximately 40 people gathered outside the Brooklyn Center police station that night.

Operation Safety Net officials reported that no arrests were made on April 18.

Day 9: Monday, April 19, 2021

On Monday, April 19, 2021, at 1:10 a.m. fire department crews in Brooklyn Park responded to a fire at a strip mall. Authorities investigated it as a suspected arson. Five businesses had their storefronts doors smashed in, three of which suffered fire damage.

Federal authorities announced the arrest of two people by Minneapolis police in connection to the shots fired at National Guard troops on April 18.

Students at 118 schools throughout the state of Minnesota staged a walkout-style student protest on April 19 to coincide with the 1:47 p.m. time Daunte Wright was pulled over by police on April 11. The event was organized by Minnesota Teen Activists and coordinated on the Instagram social media website. Students used the opportunity to speak out about racism and discrimination in schools. A crowd of 250 students gathered in downtown Minneapolis outside U.S. Bank Stadium. Minneapolis public school officials said that students who protest peacefully would not be disciplined for missing class.

The trial of Derek Chauvin concluded in Minneapolis just after 5 p.m. and the jury began deliberations. Twenty activist groups coordinated a large demonstration and march through the streets in Minneapolis near the Hennepin County Government Center building where the trial of Derek Chauvin was held. Protesters made several demands: lengthy sentences for the officers involved in George Floyd's murder, police reform legislation in Minnesota, to have charged dropped against demonstrators in Brooklyn Center and at other recent events, and for officials to end Operation Safety Net and other counter-protest measures. Protesters and law enforcement authorities did not engage with one another and the event was peaceful.

A protest group of about 40-50 people gathered outside the Brooklyn Center police station that evening.

Brooklyn Center officials set an overnight curfew beginning at 11 p.m.

Day 10: Tuesday, April 20, 2021

During the day on April 20, 2021, Brooklyn Center Mayor Mike Elliot and U.S. Representative Ilhan Omar held a press conference to show solidarity with residents who demanded accountability for Wright's death.

In the afternoon, Derek Chauvin was convicted of murdering George Floyd at a courthouse inside the Hennepin County Government Center in downtown Minneapolis. Thousands of people marched in downtown Minneapolis and others gathered at the city's 38th and Chicago street intersection in elation over the outcome, and they also called for reforms to policing and justice for Daunte Wright and other Black men killed by police. Some protesters travelled to Brooklyn Center to call for justice over Wright's death.

Officials in Brooklyn Center enacted an overnight curfew.

Subsequent protests and civil disorder

Events from late April to October 2021

Wright's family held a public viewing and memorial service in Minneapolis on April 21, 2021. Daunte Wright's funeral was held in Minneapolis at the Shiloh Temple International Ministries on April 22, 2021. Though the past several nights had been peaceful, Brooklyn Center officials declared an overnight curfew.

A protest occurred on April 26, 2021, outside the home of Washington County attorney Peter Orput in Stillwater, Minnesota, that resulted in a confrontation between demonstrators and neighborhoods that directed racial slurs at the group gathered in the street. The group was pressing Orput to file murder charges against Potter.

To mark the three-week anniversary of Wright's death on May 2, 2021, several hundred demonstrators and members of his family marched from the location where he died to the Brooklyn Center police station. The procession briefly blocked traffic at several intersections and eventually rallied outside the police station that was still surrounded by fencing and concrete barriers. Demonstrators spelled out Daunte Wright's name on the fence with air fresheners. Protesters disputed conclusions by officials that Potter's firing on Wright was accidental. Officials had charged Potter with second-degree manslaughter, but protesters wanted her to face charges for intentional murder.

Nightly protests continued outside the Brooklyn Center police station on North Humboldt Avenue though early May. On May 15, 2021, the Brooklyn Center city council passed a public safety resolution to recommend several policing reforms.

On July 14, 2021, Potter's attorney opposed use of courtroom cameras during the trial. Protests occurred outside the Brooklyn Center police station on July 16, 2021, in reaction to the request.

On September 4, 2021, the Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison's office, which took over the prosecution of Potter from local officials, amended to the charges against Potter to include first-degree manslaughter while also committing the misdemeanor of recklessly handling of a firearm. More serious criminal charges were a key demand of protesters of Wright's death.

Family members and activists held a rally on October 26, 2021, to commemorate what would have been Wright's 21st birthday.

Potter criminal proceedings from late 2021 to early 2022

Demonstrators on November 6, 2021, gathered outside a downtown Minneapolis condominium building that they believed to be Judge Regina Chu's residence to demand that the State v. Potter trial be broadcast live for public view. Chu was the Minnesota District Court judge who presided over Potter's trial. During the event, a demonstrator recorded a Facebook livestream of himself gaining entry to the building and protesting outside the door to what he believed was Judge Chu's unit. Chu had no longer resided at the building when the protest occurred.

The Brooklyn Center city council met on November 28, 2021, to review executive powers that could be used during potential unrest. They city retained powers with the mayor's office and did not proactively enact a curfew.

The day before jury selection in Potter's trial on November 30, 2021, pastors in Brooklyn Center began a week a daily prayer meetings to encourage calm and peace during Potter's trial. Protective fencing and barriers around the Brooklyn Center police station on North Humboldt Avenue that was installed in April remained by the start of the trial in November 2021. Local officials and residents prepared for the contingency of potential unrest related to a trial verdict. Demonstrations in Brooklyn Center leading up to Potter's trial were small and peaceful events.

As the trial proceedings were underway, protests shifted to near the Hennepin County Government Center building, the court venue for Potter's trial, which was located in downtown Minneapolis. On November 30, 2021, protesters marched through the streets and temporarily blocked vehicular traffic. At one point, a vehicle drove through the crowd as protesters urged the driver to stop. A protester climbed on the vehicle as the driver slowly drove away, but was able to dismount safety one block later. No injuries were reported.

On the day of opening statements in the trial on December 8, 2021, supporters and family members of Daunte Wright gathered in downtown Minneapolis, and were joined by protesters and the families of others who were killed by police: George Floyd, Jacob Blake, and Breonna Taylor. Minnesota Governor Tim Walz Brooklyn began preparations for possible deployment of the state's National Guard, if needed. Brooklyn Center schools announced that schools would have an extended holiday break in late December to avoid student classes coinciding with the conclusion of the trial and potential civil unrest.

The number of protesters dwindled over the course of the Potter trial as outside temperatures became colder. A lone demonstrator was protesting outside the courtroom building by December 17, 2021. A small group of demonstrators gathered outside the courtroom building on December 20, 2021, as the jury began its deliberations. The crowd grew to 50 people by the third day of jury deliberations on December 22, 2021. Some downtown Minneapolis businesses at the City Center shopping mall began boarding up store fronts.

Potter was convicted of first-degree and second-degree manslaughter charges on December 23, 2021. The security measures at the Hennepin County Government Center were more lax than during the trial of Derek Chauvin the proceeding April, and downtown Minneapolis calmly awaited the verdict with relatively few businesses boarding up. A crowd of about 50 people that had gathered outside the court building celebrated the trial's outcome.

Protests were held in reaction to Potter's sentence hearing on February 18, 2022, when she received two years in custody rather than the seven years requested by prosecutors. Protesters gathered in Minneapolis outside the Hennepin County Government Center that was the location of the sentencing hearing. A group of about 100 people marched to what the believed to be the residence of Judge Regina Chu, who had presided over the Potter's trial and issued the sentence. In Brooklyn Center that night, people looted the Icon Beauty Supply store. In Minneapolis, police made three arrests in connection to looting on East Lake Street.

Events elsewhere in the United States

Protests over Wright's death spread across the United States by April 12, 2021. Most notable protests outside of the Minneapolis—Saint Paul metropolitan area occurred between April 12 and April 24.

Response

Protester demands and symbols
Protesters demanded that Brooklyn Center officials fire Tim Gannon, the police chief, and the appointed city manager. The Brooklyn Center city council voted on April 12, 2021, to remove the city manager; Council Member Kris Lawrence-Anderson said her vote was out of fear for damage to her property and possible retaliation by protesters. Gannon, along with Potter, resigned their police department positions on April 13, 2021.

Protesters objected to review of the shooting of Wright by the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, the standard protocol in the state for officer-involved deaths, and preferred that there be an independent investigation. Though Potter was arrested and charged with second-degree manslaughter on April 14, 2021, protesters demanded that more serious charges be brought against her. They compared her case to that of Mohamed Noor, the Minneapolis police officer who shot Justine Damond in 2017, who was charged and later convicted of third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter.

Protesters called upon the Governor of Minnesota and state legislature to enact several police form measures, and they called upon officials to end the practice of qualified immunity as they believed it made it difficult to bring civil suits against individual police officers.

Car air fresheners become a symbol in protests over Wright's death. Protesters carried air fresheners at demonstrations and hung them on fencing surrounding the Brooklyn Center police headquarters building. Wright was stopped for signaling improperly, having expired vehicle tabs, and for having an air freshener hanging from the vehicle's review mirrora violation of Minnesota Statutes. The traffic stop of Wright generated discussion by civil rights advocates about how minor infractions result in racial profiling by police when conducting traffic stops.

Protesters objected to the military presence that had been activated as a response to the events in Brooklyn Center. The chant, "Go home", was a frequently directed toward deployed National Guard soldiers.

Government mobilization

The protests and unrest over Wright's death came during trial of Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin, who had been charged with several murder counts related to George Floyd's murder the previous May. Local officials had proactively mobilized several law enforcement agencies and the Minnesota National Guard in an effort referred to as Operation Safety Net, to prepare for potential unrest during Chauvin's trial or as a result of it. Nearly 3,000 National Guard troops and 1,100 law enforcement officers were mobilized to prevent violence and property destruction, and officials redirected deployed troops and officers to respond to the Brooklyn Center protests and unrest.

Attacks on law enforcement and troops
Some demonstrators threw bricks, glass bottles, and other objects and discharged fireworks at law enforcement authorities. The glass-door entrance to the Brooklyn Park police station was hit by a gunshot on April 11, 2021. A Saint Paul officer was fired upon while patrolling for potential looting or burglaries on April 13, 2021. A National Guard vehicle in Minneapolis was hit by gunshots fired from a passing vehicle on April 18, 2021. Several attempts were made to breach the chain-link fence perimeter set up around the Brooklyn Center police station. According to the Minnesota Department of Public Safety, there were more than "100 documented cases of troopers being struck by objects thrown by protesters, exposure to bear spray used by protesters, or being spat on".

Attacks on protesters and the press

Law enforcement fired tear gas and non-lethal munitions as some demonstrators attempted to overrun the Brooklyn Center police station. Local agencies and officials, however, disagreed over tactics to manage unruly crowds. The Hennepin County Sherriff's Office led the defense operation around the Brooklyn Center police building. Brooklyn Center elected officials objected to the use of tear gas and aggressive crowd control tactics. In neighboring Minneapolis, the city council voted 11-1 on April 16, 2021, to oppose the use of non-lethal munitions and tear gas as a response to civil disorder, but the resolution had no effect as the city's mayor had operational control of the city's police department.

Several journalist objected to how law enforcement restricted their ability to observe and report on the events in Brooklyn Center during the protests and unrest. U.S. District Judge Wilhelmina Wright on April 16, 2021, issued a temporary restraining order that prevented state officials from arresting or threatening to arrest journalists, from using physical force and firing munitions at them, and that dispersal orders did not apply to journalists.

Minnesota Governor Tim Walz said during the Brooklyn Center protests that he was "deeply concerned" over the use of tear gas and its effect on protesters and residents. Walz also defended the deployment of National Guard troops and state law enforcement to Brooklyn Center. He said, "What do you think would have happened Sunday night or Monday night, especially if there not been a fence there and had there been no one there. I've learned from the past that building would have been burned down, and my fear was that surrounding apartments would have burned, too."

On April 11, 2021, local officials arrested four people in Saint Paul and between 25 and 30 in Minneapolis. Officials with Operation Safety Net officials reported 272 arrests from April 1221, 2021.

Protest "interveners"
During several of the demonstrations, a group of volunteers with the local organization Minnesota Freedom Fighters patrolled the crowd and attempted to deescalate conflict. The group formed in 2020 during the unrest in the aftermath of George Floyd's murder when outside agitators harassed residents in late May and early June of that year. Some volunteers wore yellow vests to distinguish themselves at Daunte Wright protest events, while others wore body armor and dark clothing to move undetected in the crowd. The volunteers used passive tactics, such as standing between lines of demonstrator who wielded umbrellas and formed an addition perimeter to the security fencing outside the Brooklyn Center police station. Their stated goal was to keep events peaceful and prevent law enforcement form using aggressive crowd control tactics, such as firing munitions on demonstrators. The group was one of several organizations that Brooklyn Center officials contracted with to act as "interveners" and to create open lines of communication with law enforcement. The groups were not authorized to make arrests, but were allowed to "use some type of force" to remove agitators from the crowd. Brooklyn Center spent $140,000 for contracts with six different community organizations.

Residents and businesses

Several families that lived in apartments near the Brooklyn Center police station left their residences to avoid the nightly protests. Some residents stayed behind to guard apartment buildings. After the April 2021 unrest and prior to Potter's trial in December, many residents moved out of apartment buildings near the police station out of worries of future unrest, but some on Section 8 housing assistance were unable to move.

In Champlin, Minnesota, neighbors of KimberlyPotter, who had her house fortified with fencing during the protests and unrest, left their homes. Officials in the City of Champlin spent $9,236 on physical security to protect Potter's house. Potter and her husband sold the house and moved outside of Minnesota sometime before the start of her trial.

Businesses boarded up during the April unrest in response to damage and to dissuade looting. Though several small business owners said they understood the social dynamics for why frustrations were high after Wright's death, they preferred that police increased patrols to protect businesses and property. Volunteers helped clean up damage to stores and property.

Community groups in Brooklyn Center organized food drives and donation drop-offs to help people affected by temporary closures of grocery stores and other businesses caused by the April unrest.

Short-term impact

Maxine Waters and the Chauvin trial

Representative Maxine Waters' comments at a protest rally in Brooklyn Center on April 17, 2021, drew criticism for heightening tension and were denounced by conservative media and Republican politicians. On April 19, 2021, former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin's attorney unsuccessfully argued in court that comments made by Representative Waters during a Brooklyn Center protest should result in a mistrial. Judge Peter Cahill denied the motion by Chauvin's defense, but said it might be potential grounds for appeal of the case later if Chauvin was to be convicted. Chauvin was found guilty of murdering Floyd on April 20, 2021.

Property damage

Thirty-five businesses in Brooklyn Center were damaged from April 1112, 2021, including a Dollar Tree store that was set on fire during the chaotic course of events. Five business at a strip mall in Brooklyn Park were broken into and three were set on fire during the overnight hours of April 1819, 2021. Several of the businesses damaged by fires and looting during the April 2021 unrest were Black-owned establishments.

As many as 15 retail pharmacies in the metropolitan region temporarily closed during the unrest. Authorities believed that they were targeted by opportunistic thieves seeking controlled substances they could sell, such as opiates, stimulates, and other drugs. By April 13, 2021, at least eight bank branches had been damaged during the unrest. Minneapolis officials said on April 15, 2021, that approximately 140 business had been burglarized across the city in an opportunistic crime spree over the prior days. Property crimes in the city affected several businesses run by immigrants and people of color.

Many of the businesses affected by burglaries and looting in April 2021, were the same businesses affected by unrest during the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul in May 2020.

Public health
Protests over Wright's death came during the COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota. Many protesters wore protective face masks. State health officials reported that by April 30, 2021, there had 22 confirmed cases of COVID-19 among protesters and police who were at demonstrations.

The use of chemical agents for crowd control resulted in concerns about short- and long-term health effects for those exposed. Residents near the Brooklyn Center police station, who were affected by the clashes between demonstrators and law enforcement authorities, complained of having tear gas make its way into their apartments. Some of the affected residents sought rental assistance from the city to move and mental health support for their children.

Potter criminal case
Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison took over the prosecution case against Potter on May 21, 2021, upon the request of Washington County Attorney Pete Orput. Protesters, who held several demonstrations outside Orput's home to press him to file more serious murder charges, took credit for the development. On May 24, 2021, Washington County prosecutor Imran Ali, the attorney who would have led the prosecution of Potter, resigned from his job citing "vitriol" and "partisan politics" over the case. Ellison's office on September 2, 2021, added the charge of first-degree manslaughter, a more serious charge than the second-degree manslaughter initially filed, that Potter would face at a November 2021 trial.

Judge Chu on November 9, 2021, reversed an earlier ruling that cameras would not be allowed at the trial. Chu said the ruling was unrelated to a November 6 demonstration that occurred outside what protesters believed was her residence.

Demonstrator charges

Shooting at Saint Paul police
Jamoni Raekwon Blackstone, a 24-year-old man from North Saint Paul was charged with attempted murder for firing gunshots at an occupied Saint Paul police vehicle at 10:30 p.m. CDT on April 13, 2021. Prior to the incident, Blackstone had posted to the Facebook website that after seeing the video of Wright's death he was going to "start shooting". The night of April 13 he fired six shots at the police vehicle with several bullets striking the driver's area of the police vehicle. The officer inside was not injured. Blackstone had claimed after being arrested that he fired at the officer's vehicle in an act of self-defense. He pleaded guilty on November 19, 2021, to one count of attempted intentional murder in the second-degree. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison and five years of supervised release.

Shooting at Minnesota National Guard
The United States District Attorney's Office for Minnesota announced charges in connection to the drive-by shooting of Minnesota National Guard troops who were mobilized as a result of demonstrations over Wright's death and stationed in Minneapolis on April 18, 2021, to provide neighborhood security. Two soldiers had non-life-threatening injuries from glass that shattered when a bullet went through their vehicle's window. Andrew Thomas, a 28-year-old man with home address in Minneapolis and Chicago, and a juvenile passenger were stopped by Minneapolis police while driving a vehicle that matched a description from the April 18 shooting. Thomas was charged by federal authorities with felony possession of a firearm. Hennepin County officials charged Thomas with first-degree and second-degree assault with a dangerous weapon and illegal weapons possession. In July 2021, Thomas pleaded guilty in Hennepin County court to charges related to the drive-by shooting and illegal possession of a firearm. He received an eight-year sentence that included five years in jail and three years under supervised release.

Judicial tampering
Cortez Rice, a resident of Minneapolis and local activist, was charged in Hennepin County for harassment involving retaliation against a judicial officer for the November 6, 2021, protest outside a condominium believed to belong to Regina Chu, the judge presiding over the Potter trial. Chu did not reside at the residence at the time of the protest. The criminal complaint alleged that Rice was attempting to intimidate Chu. Protesters on November 6 demanded that Chu allow cameras in the courtroom during the trial. Chu had also overseen a hearing for Rice related to probation violation on weapons charges. Rice was arrested on November 29, 2021, in Waukesha, Wisconsin, and extradited to Minnesota. The tampering charge against Rice was dismissed by a Hennepin County District Judge William H. Leary III on February 4, 2022. The Judge Leary said the prosecution was not able to prove that Chu was "in fear of substantial bodily harm to her or her family". Rice, however, remained jailed for violating probation for prior illegal weapons conviction.

See also
2020–2021 United States racial unrest
George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul
List of civil unrest in Minneapolis–Saint Paul

References

Further reading
 Hoisington, Daniel John (2001). The Brooklyns: A history of Brooklyn Center and Brooklyn Park, Minnesota. Brooklyn Center Historical Society, ISBN 978-0970843906.
 Carroll, Logan (April 14, 2021). "Tear gas at bedtime: Brooklyn Center residents, including kids, suffer from aggressive police tactics to quell Daunte Wright protests". Sahan Journal. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
 Feshir, Riham (April 20, 2021). "Police shooting puts Brooklyn Center mayor in the spotlight" Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
 Stancil, Will (April 17, 2021). "What Daunte Wright's Killing Foretells for the Suburbs". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 20, 2021.

External links

 City of Brooklyn Center
 Operation Safety Net

2021 protests
2021 riots
2020–2021 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest
2020–2021 United States racial unrest
2021 in Minnesota
April 2021 events in the United States
Arson in the 2020s
Looting
Minnesota National Guard
Race-related controversies in the United States
Riots and civil disorder in Minnesota

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Image Title: Disney Princess Bedroom Furniture Sets B Atrice Pinterest Inside Design 6. Post Title: Disney Princess Bedroom Furniture. Filename: disney-princess-bedroom-furniture-sets-b-atrice-pinterest-inside-design-6.jpg. Image Dimension: 750 x 415 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Jayson Hansen. Uploaded Date: Thursday - February 07th. 2019 02:35:27 AM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: archdaily.com. Kids Furniture Amazing Disney Princess Bedroom Set Castle With Design 7. Disney Bedroom Furniture Girly Sets Princess Full With Decor 14. Flat Pack Bedroom Furniture Disney Princess Full Set Twin Throughout Ideas 17. Kids Furniture Amazing Disney Princess Bedroom Set Regarding Idea 12. Kids Furniture Amazing Princess Bedroom Sets With Regard To Disney Plan 5. Disney Princess Bedroom Furniture For Girls Glamorous Design In Designs 10. Disney Princess Bedroom Furniture Sets Regarding Decorations 0. Bedroom Princess Set Luxury Sets Bedrooms With Disney Furniture Decorations 19. Disney Princess Bedroom Set For Future Daughter Kid S Room Throughout Furniture Prepare 8. Disney Floral Princess Full Bed Set Collection Inside Bedroom Furniture Decorations 16.


First Impression: Rapunzel's getting fit!
Second Impression: I mean, it takes a lot of upper body strength to climb out of a tower.
The Pony Express existed for 18 months between 1860-1861. A pouch of mail traveled on horseback, changing horses every ten miles, and reducing the amount of time it took for messages to travel coast-to-coast down to ten days. Ten days! That's what "Express" meant in 1860.
But lucky for us, on this DVD, "Express" means anywhere from 10 to 25 minutes, so no need to cash in your vacation time for a ten day workout. Sorry, bad joke, no one has a job with vacation benefits any more.
I'm not sure why Evamarie Pilipuf chose this outfit; satin doesn't exactly breathe. This delightful, yet confusing display is accompanied by the rhythmic banging of sticks that gets us pumped up and excited for some yoga, done Express style!
Well, it turns out it's a good thing that the routines are short, because we start off with Twisted Crescent, which might as well be called the Ankle Dislocator. I just can't balance on the ball of my foot while I'm twisted around like that. Or maybe I'm not flexible enough. I've been accused of worse.
So why did the Pony Express only last for 18 months? On October 24th, 1861, the transcontinental telegraph was established and messages could be transmitted instantaneously. At the same time in history, mediums were increasing in popularity as they sent and received instant messages from the spirit realm. Which was more interesting, a telegraph office or a medium's seance parlor? That's a different fitness video.


Creating opportunities -- Elisa Descartes (right), senior public justice major and founder of the Minorities Meet Networking Conference, set for April 13, talks about the shift to a criminal justice major last semester with faculty member Margaret Schmuhl and student Michaela Williams.
lisa Descartes, a SUNY Oswego senior public justice major, last summer thought about the need for faculty and alumni connections among students of color seeking to move on to graduate school or careers -- daunting frontiers for any student near graduation, but particularly for minority and first-generation college students.
Since then, working with mentor Latoya Lee of the sociology faculty; campus leaders such as college President Deborah F. Stanley; Jerri Howland, vice president of student affairs and enrollment management; and Gary Morris, director of career services -- as well as a team of her peers -- Descartes now is poised to host the first Minorities Meet Networking Conference from 10:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Saturday, April 13, starting at Park Hall's Room 315.
Open to all SUNY Oswego students, the conference will focus on "building and engaging one's professional network," allowing students to access "knowledge, insights and opportunities," Descartes wrote in her Minorities Meet proposal.
"I was getting ready to graduate, and I was not prepared," she said in a recent interview. "I thought, 'There's other things I need now that other students of color don't have, either.' ... It's not just about going here for an education, it's about what comes after."
11 a.m., three concurrent sessions: "Investments and Building Credit" with Yilong (Eric) Zheng, a member of the School of Business marketing and management faculty, and Alexis Acevedo, a marketing major, in 315 Park; "Graduate Preparations and Exams" with Lee, in 314 Park; and "GRE/MCAT/LSAT" with various presenters, in 313 Park.
Noon, two concurrent sessions: "Student Loan Repayment/Forgiveness" with Mark Humbert, director of financial aid, in 315 Park; and "Adobe Software Training" with cinema and screen studies major Tarica Thomas, featuring beginner and intermediate instruction in Adobe Premiere Pro CC software, in a location to be announced.
1 p.m., three concurrent sessions: "Scholarships/Grants" aimed specifically at people of color who might not otherwise be able to afford graduate school, in 315 Park; and three science and technology career paths: "Computer Science" with computer science major Alikeju Adejo, in 314 Park; "Technology Management" with Nyezee Goe, a technology management major, in 313 Park; and "Chemistry" with Tina Cooper of EXCEL: Experiential Courses and Engaged Learning, in 212 Park.
2 p.m., Wilber Hall lounge: a networking light lunch, followed by "Mock Interviews," aimed at both networking and building confidence, with facilitator Eric Frans, career coach for fine and performing arts, media and entertainment for Career Services.
3:15 p.m., 315 Park: Howland will offer a keynote talk. She has lived the journey that is the subject of Minorities Meet as a person of color from her Baltimore neighborhood through college, graduate school and into a professional career. She was formally appointed SUNY Oswego's vice president of student affairs and enrollment management in February. Questions and answers will follow.
Other students assisting Descartes include Asha Bey, Parmeshwar Sasenarine, Tamera Millier, Esther Loja and Dwan Hameed.
Descartes, meanwhile, is preparing to move on to a master's program in criminal justice at Northeastern University in Boston.
"I wanted to make sure before I left that students of color had a platform to succeed before graduating," she said. "But in order to do so we must work with our allies to achieve solidarity on campus."


Sarah and Eric's Canaan Valley engagement session was SO fun to shoot. I love when I get to go to private properties for sessions! It's special for the clients, but it's always interesting from a photographers perspective to know you may never get to return to a stunning location. This particular engagement session was set in West Virginia's Canaan Valley at a private neighborhood located in Timberline Resort. Enjoy a few of my favorites from our time together!
Interested in your own Canaan Valley Engagement shoot? Click this link & let's get talking.


text:
Gustav Karpeles (* 11. November 1848 in Eiwanowitz in der Hanna, Mähren; † 21. Juli 1909 in Nauheim) war ein Literaturhistoriker, Schriftsteller, Kritiker und jüdischer Publizist.
Er schrieb mehrere Bücher über Heinrich Heine und gab 1885 die populäre Geschichte der jüdischen Literatur heraus.

Leben
Gustav Karpeles stammte aus einer Rabbinerfamilie, sein Vater war der Rabbiner Elias Karpeles (1822–1889), seine  Großväter die mährischen Rabbiner Eleazar Karpeles und David Buchheim; die Reihe der Vorfahren beginnt mit seinen Urgroßvätern Moses Präger-Karpeles und Gerson Buchheim. Er besuchte in Nikolsburg und Olmütz das Gymnasium, immatrikulierte sich 1867 als Student der Theologie an der Universität Breslau, wandte sich aber sehr bald literarischen Studien zu. Nach dem Universitätsstudium ging Karpeles für ein Jahr nach London, kehrte nach Deutschland zurück und wurde 1870 in Berlin Mitgründer und, gemeinsam mit Samuel Enoch, Herausgeber des Wochenblatts Jüdische Presse. Seine Cousine war die Sängerin Sophie König. Von 1873 bis 1877 war er Feuilletonredakteur der Breslauer Zeitung und übernahm 1878 die Redaktion von Westermanns Monatsheften, die er bis 1883 leitete. Als Redakteur der populären Zeitschrift korrespondierte er auch mit Theodor Fontane, für dessen Werk er sich einsetzte. Von 1890 bis zu seinem Tod war er schließlich Redakteur und Herausgeber der Allgemeinen Zeitung des Judentums, die von 1837 bis 1922 existierte, herausgegeben von Ludwig Philippson, danach von Gustav Karpeles, Ludwig Geiger, Albert Katz; unter Karpeles' Ägide wurden ostjüdische Themen mit in die Zeitschrift hineingenommen und die Konzentration auf West- und Mittel-Europa beendet.

1893 war er Mitbegründer des Verbands der Vereine für jüdische Geschichte und Literatur (der Verband gab auch seit 1898 das Jahrbuch für jüdische Geschichte und Literatur heraus; von 1898 bis 1920 erschienen die Mitteilungen aus dem Verband der Vereine für jüdische Geschichte und Literatur in Deutschland).

Als Heine-Forscher publizierte er schon 1869 eine Biographie Heines, gab 1884 Heines Werke heraus und schrieb 1888 das Buch "Heinrich Heine und seine Zeitgenossen". Aber auch über Ludwig Börne und Nikolaus Lenau verfasste er biographische Arbeit und schrieb 1889 einen großen literarischen Essay über Friedrich Spielhagen.

Karpeles starb am 21. Juli 1909 in Bad Nauheim an einem Herzschlag. Sein Grab befindet sich auf dem Jüdischen Friedhof in Berlin-Weißensee. Der Grabstein wurde nach genau einem Jahr, also am 21. Juli 1910, über der Gruft enthüllt und enthält folgenden Denkspruch: "Sein Herz war der Quell seiner Weisheit."

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Heinrich Heine und das Judenthum. Bruno Heidenfeld, Breslau 1868.
 Heinrich Heine. Biographische Skizzen. Hausfreund-Expedition, Berlin 1869.
 Israel Hildesheimer. Eine biographische Skizze. J. Kauffmanns Verlagsbuchhandlung, Frankfurt am Main 1870, (anonym erschienen, Karpeles zugeschrieben); Digitalisat der 2. Auflage (im Jahr der Erstausgabe).
 Geschichte der jüdischen Literatur 2 Bände. Oppenheim, Berlin 1886, Digitalisat Bd. 1; Digitalisat Bd. 2.
 Heinrich Heine und seine Zeitgenossen. Lehmann, Berlin 1888, .
 Goethe in Polen. Ein Beitrag zur allgemeinen Litteraturgeschichte. Fontane, Berlin 1890, Digitalisat.
 Allgemeine Geschichte der Literatur von ihren Anfängen bis auf die Gegenwart. 2 Bände. Grote, Berlin 1891, Neue Ausgabe, fortgeführt bis Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts. 2 (in 3) Bände. Baumgaertel, Berlin 1901, Digitalisat Bd. 1; Digitalisat Bd. 2, 1; Digitalisat Bd. 2, 2.
 Heinrich Heine und Der Rabbi von Bacharach (= Collection des "Freien Blattes". 3, ). Verlag des "Freien Blattes", Wien 1895, .
 Heinrich Heine. Aus seinem Leben und aus seiner Zeit. Titze, Leipzig 1899, .

Literatur
 John F. Oppenheimer (Red.) u. a.: Lexikon des Judentums. 2. Auflage. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, Gütersloh u. a. 1971, ISBN 3-570-05964-2, Sp. 368.

 Julius H. Schoeps (Hrsg.): Neues Lexikon des Judentums. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 1992, ISBN 3-579-02305-5, S. 256
 Karpeles, Gustav. In: Lexikon deutsch-jüdischer Autoren. Band 13: Jaco–Kerr. Hrsg. vom Archiv Bibliographia Judaica. K. G.  Saur, München 2005, ISBN 3-598-22693-4, S. 267–281.

Weblinks

 Digitalisierte Werke von Gustav Karpeles in der Bibliothek des Leo Baeck Instituts

Einzelnachweise

Person (Judentum)
Literaturhistoriker
Herausgeber
Journalist (Deutschland)
Geboren 1848
Gestorben 1909
Mann
Person (Breslau)
Person (Berlin)


Tap The Thumbnail Bellow to See Related Gallery of "Garden Images Comforter Set Chic Value PBteen 17"
Image Title: Garden Images Comforter Set Chic Value PBteen 17. Filename: garden-images-comforter-set-chic-value-pbteen-17.jpg. Image Dimension: 710 x 710 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Marco Beer. Uploaded Date: Tuesday - December 12th. 2017 02:44:19 AM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: home-designing.com.


Blockchain and the internet of things (IoT) are impacting understandings of data ownership and bringing benefits to certain industries, though the uses of these technologies are also shifting the conversation around cyber liability and privacy.
When it comes to blockchain and other forms of distributed ledger technology, one expert told Insurance Business that he has yet to see sweeping, sector-wide changes come from its implementation, though the potential is clearly there.
At the moment, it's not financial institutions or multinationals using blockchain widely, but rather manufacturing and other businesses with complex supply chains. Insurance is also catching on to the application of blockchain, though, as usual, at a slower speed than other industries.
"Insurance traditionally has been a lagging take-up indicator of technological change," said King. "Most of the risk surveys you look at will tell you that blockchain distributed ledger technology is most certainly on the minds of boards and leaders, as it should be," but those same surveys will reveal that they struggle to understand how beneficial it can be to their businesses, as well as how to implement it and the costs associated with doing so.
Similarly with IoT technology, it's the same types of businesses who are leading the way with implementation.
For insurance professionals with commercial insureds using IoT, cyber liability forms often don't contemplate connected devices, so they need to make sure they're addressing their clients' IoT-related risks when crafting coverage. More broadly, companies should be buying cyber terrorism and business interruption coverage to protect against potentially larger cyber incidents in the future as technology use accelerates. To further mitigate risk, businesses should be implementing employee training to help them understand vulnerabilities if they connect their IoT devices to the company's network, as well as staying aware of the third-party vendors they're bringing inside their doors.


text:
Tag Archives: White House
← The Tea Party Movement! – Concluding Post
Concluding Research: NBC New York's Feast Rank →
Where's the Transparency in the White House Visitor Logs?
In September of 2009, President Obama announced that he would release the names of White House Visitors. It was hailed both by the White House administration, as well as several reporters, newspapers and civic ethics groups as a landmark for transparency. It was "proof" that this administration would be more open and honest, and the first step towards releasing information that was formerly secretive. The decision to release the records was claimed to be voluntary, and it was announced that the visitor logs would be made available online. And true to his word, beginning on January 29th, 2010, the White House did in fact begin to release the names of its visitor records. Since that time, names of visitors (which includes not only tourists, but also names of union leaders, Wall Street executives, lobbyists, party chairs, philanthropists and celebrities), have been released. The names are released in huge batches up to 75,000 names at a time. However, as I will show, within the sheer quantity of this data lies the problem.
But the honesty about the motives behind this effort as well as its extremely poor execution have been disappointing. There are several key areas that illustrate just how far off the White House is from maintaining an open and transparent effort:
There is no justification for waiting between 90-120 days to release this information. This is a huge burden that puts investigators at a serious disadvantage when accessing records. By the time the information is made public, it is clearly too late to do anything about it.
There is no ability to tell what visitor logs are considered "confidential" and therefore have been intentionally left off of this list, additionally, personal guests of the first family are left off – yet there's no clear definition of what that means. There's absolutely no indication of how many names have been left off – is it 100? 500? 1000? It may be cynical, but my guess is these aren't all visitors whose names aren't being released due to "security concerns."
The data as its released is often incomplete. Although it logs the visitors first and last name, as well both the time they signed in and out, and who they met with, often times the reasons that they met with a particular person is left blank. Additionally, there is no affiliation of the visitor's name listed. This is a serious problem, because unless journalists or activists know the name of the person they are looking for, it's unlikely that they could identify anything of substance due to the sheer quantity of the data they are presented with.
Although the White House claimed the data release was voluntary, it's looking more likely that the policy was the result of the Justice Department settling lawsuits brought by the "good government group" Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) which had sought visitor's logs from both the Obama and Bush administrations.
There is no accountability to the process. Citizens and journalists have no authority to request the names of unreleased visitors.
A conservative public interest group called Judicial Watch (which "investigates and prosecutes government corruption") filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Secret Service for denying Judicial Watch's Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request for access to Obama White House visitor logs from January 20 to August 10, 2009. According to them, the Obama administration continues to advance the erroneous claim that the visitor logs are not agency records and are therefore not subject to FOIA. As Judicial Watch noted in its complaint, this claim "has been litigated and rejected repeatedly" by federal courts. Their complaint is that even though the Obama White House did voluntarily release a select number of White House visitor logs to the public, other records continue to be withheld in defiance of FOIA law.
Although these are some serious points of contention, there are reported instances where journalists have worked to troll through these lists to find valuable information, because there are certain examples of it, but as Mushon pointed out, it's usually in a case of "gotcha journalism", that is, journalists were able to use the logs to prove a theory they already had about who visited Obama and when. In these cases the lists became valuable sources that investigative journalism could use to prove that President Obama or his advisers met with various labor union leaders, business executives, or specific members of Congress. However, even in cases where journalists have been able to pull out some important names, they're linking them pretty tightly to policies or actions taken, but to a certain extent it's largely speculation. In fact, it's possible the whereabouts of these meetings would have been known without the White House visitor logs because so often people who meet with Obama disclose this information themselves. To be fair, the Obama administration made these searches available online and has made them fairly easy to navigate and to download and this marks a visible shift from previous administrations. This has allowed for innovation, such as the following networked map put together by a blogger "The Networked Thinker" which showed some of meetings individuals had with certain members of the White House staff (click the thumbnail to enlarge or click here to see the original blog post).
Some would argue it's not the White House's job to help the public go through these lists, and that they've done enough to release the data, but I feel strongly that they do have a responsibility to make sure they are accurate representations of who is coming and going and why!
The Obama administration may want to point these logs as examples of openness and a willingness to open its inner workings to the public, but so far, that transparency does not exist. Mainstream media has yet to seriously question both the validity of the information on these lists, as well as the White House's motives and it's sad that so very few are willing to ask the tough questions. Not until the administration can release the records in a much more timely and manageable way can we even start to understand this as an effort for to be more transparent. If the White House were to release the visitors at the end of each week say, it would be a much more manageable list that citizens and journalists could go through. Additionally, the White House should list the affiliations of the visitors, not only their names, but also who they work for. Perhaps have various types of visitors (eg Class A refers to tourists, Class B to lobbyists, Class C to political figures, etc) so that investigators would have some sort of reference to start looking for patterns, or particular visitors etc.
I have to say that I finish this travalogue at a very different point from where I started. When I first began to investigate this issue, I was pretty clearly the side of the Obama administration. I knew that there were going to be some problems with the data, but overall I did feel this was a good thing – but not anymore. In fact, the lists are so problematic that I fear the Obama administration has done a great disservice to the public by claiming to have several values, which if evaluated solely on this project, they do not appear to have. Unfortunately by doing so, they've cheapened those values dramatically.
By ElzbthMllr 14:49, Mar 8th, 10 3-Travelogue information President Obama transparency trust visitor logs White House	15 Comments
WH Visitor Logs: Research Continued
Here's an update on my research over the past week…
Types of Names that Appear on the White House Visitor's List: It's not just tourists names who are being released, although I fear they may be the majority. Names of several prominent union leaders, Wall Street executives, registered power lobbyists, Democratic Party Chairs, business leaders, heads of non-profits and philanthropists also appear.
Mainstream Media's Coverage: There is little mainstream media coverage of the release of the records, and what stories have been done are pretty generic. When Obama announced the release of the names (October/November), it was covered to some a minor extent and it was mostly celebratory, calling it a "huge step." Most stories/journalists didn't challenge the transparency claim of Obama. Since the release of the records several months ago, there has been a little coverage of the lists themselves (see below for journalists who have used the lists for reporting purposes). The little coverage has been mostly puff pieces, marveling at how duplicate names have led to people who have the same name as celebrities visiting the White House that aren't actually celebrities themselves. There has been some minor coverage as well, but it's mostly reporting who is on the list, not necessarily making any claims about the validity of the lists themselves, or investigation what can be done with the information. Not exactly earth-shattering journalism so far…
Stories That Have Used This Research: Although the mainstream news media has covered the release of these records pretty positively overall, reporters, journalists and activists have dug a little deeper into this information. One interesting thing I noted is that a lot of the stories I found using WH visitor logs are from conservative news sources. For example:
- The Washington Examiner did a critical story at the end of February on the fact that President Obama and senior members of his staff have met on at least four occasions with Planned Parenthood president Cecile Richards, whose organization is the nation's largest provide of abortion and referrals. The piece was especially crticial because a spokesman for Rep. Bart Stupak (D-MI) said her boss has not spoken with or visited Obama. The piece goes to list other logs of pro-choice groups/individuals that met with Obama and his advisors to discuss an upcoming WH health care summit and no pro-life groups were invited to participate in the event. To see the full story, click here.
There was another piece written for the Auburn Journal that trolled through the visitor logs to determine that the Service Employees International Union President Andy Stern was the most frequent White House Visitor in 2009. About this they criticized: "For an administration that promised to renounce interest groups, the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) certainly has the president's ear and is sure to be a major player in the December jobs summit." Stern visited at least 22 times in 2009.
Liberal sources have also used this data, such as this article from The Huffington Post titled "White House Visitor Logs Show Obama Turned to Business Leaders." This piece used the visitor logs to show that Obama frequently consulted with leaders of the business and financial communities they were saving from the brink of the financial collapse. The logs showed that Chamber of Commerce CEO Tom Donohue visited the White House on ten different occasions, meeting twice with the president, twice with his chief economic consultant, Larry Summers and three times with Obama's business liaison, Valerie Jarrett. The piece also goes on to report that between January 20 and the end of August (of 2009) lobbyists, strategists and others with a stake in health care reform made 575 visits to the White House. And that's just the ones that were reported!
The majority of the stories I found that used the data follows a very similar pattern, who met with whom, where, how many times, and speculation as to why, that seems, for the most part, pretty solid. There have also been a few examples of bloggers that have picked up the research and examined it, rather than mainstream media.
Some further questions/musings about these stories. Do they raise the validity of the news stories in each case? Would there have been these kinds of stories without it? How much speculation is involved in terms of what goes on at these meetings?
Other Points of Research
Ah, it's getting worse! I thought it was 90 days after that visitors were released. Well there are several reports that it's actually 90-120 days after!
It appears that the policy was the result of the Justice Department settling lawsuits brought by the "good government group" Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) which had sought visitor's logs from both the Obama and Bush administrations. This might be the most devastating piece of research I found so far and seriously brings into question the motives behind releasing this data.
The data has been known to be released on late Friday afternoons becoming part of the Friday Night News Dump Syndrome!
A Few Points of Growing Frustration: There is no way to tell what's been censored, what's been left off due to security concerns. How many names are taken off this list? Is there a clear-cut definition of what is "confidential" and what is not? Not as far as I can tell. And although the list is searchable and downloadable (good things), often the most important piece of information – why the meeting is being held – is left blank. It will often have a very generic description, but it would really help if the list posted the affiliation of the person so as to avoid confusion. You could then also do a search via this field, making it that much easier to find the data you are looking for. Due to the sheer massive amount of names on the list (eg up to 100,000 have been released at one time), it's quite difficult to troll through. Which makes the fact that some journalists have used this resources even more impressive. Even if these lists were 100% accurate representations of who visited, when, we still would have a long way in knowing what was discussed, and what influence these meetings had on policy etc. It appears to be just data, and I'm not sure how far that can take us!
I know it's a lot of information but there is a lot of digging to be done on this issue. Believe it or not I've left out some stuff and I hope to include it in my final post. Any thoughts people have before I finish up my research and do a concluding post on Monday would be helpful! Thanks!
By ElzbthMllr 04:35, Mar 5th, 10 3-Travelogue access to information obama President transparency visitor logs White House	9 Comments
White House Visitor Logs: Transparency or Bust?
Question: Does the releasing of the White House Visit Logs promote transparency as the Obama administration claims that it does? Are there instances when this information has furthered investigative journalism? Are there instances when it hasn't, but it could have? Can this information be exploited? Is there any level of accountability in the whole process? Is it true that the vast majority of names on the list are simply tourists? Does it simply lead to more speculation about why these meetings take place?
Original Assumption: My original assumption is that the publishing of these lists is a good thing. While it may not go far enough in disclosing information, my general feeling is that this is a good first step towards providing information that journalists can use as a source in their reporting. The list is made available online and is searchable (which is a lot more than you can say for other various pieces of information that are available to the public), and does go into providing a certain amount of data. I do have to say I am somewhat skeptical to what extent these lists are censored. I find this frustrating because there is really no way to know what information is left out, it seems anything can be classified as "confidential." It also clearly doesn't solve the problem of knowing about what meetings take place not at the White House (is there any way to figure out percentage wise the number of meetings that may be). There also seem to be several problems with the lists such as duplicate names, as well as the fact that it's released 90 days after. I don't see any reason that they could not be released sooner, 90 days seem a bit extreme.
Related Norms: The whole issue of transparency and the Obama administration is discussed a lot. People often hail the website data.gov as a huge shift in how information is conveyed both internally and externally to the public. And of course others criticize it and say it doesn't go far enough. (See this article for a discussion of the UK Open Data site and why it is superior to data.gov). But it begs the question as to why we as a culture are seeing an increase shift in demanding transparency – whether its in disclosing earmarks in legislation, campaign contributions, information on how laws are being made, or just generally about where information comes from. It definitely seems as though the release of the White House Visitor Logs are along the same vein of transparency movement by the President. But it begs the question, should these lists even be released to begin with? If it proves that they aren't providing valuable data, what is the point?
A few other points to consider…
Having played around with visitor logs over the past few days, there are several important characteristics that I noted:
It's user friendly, specifically it's easy to navigate, rarely crashes, and allows users to search for as specific or as general information as you want
You can download the data into various formats (Excel), this allows for the data to be used in mashups and other various forms by innovative and motivated users
It allows you to link lists and results searched for automatically to Twitter, Google, Reddit, Delicious, MySpace, Facebook, Digg, StumbleUpon, etc.
In my next post, I will look closely at several instances related to all my above questions and assumptions:
How has the mainstream media covered this issue? Do they take a specific angle? Is it celebratory or more critical?
Are there examples of where this data has been useful in journalism and news stories.
Are there instances where the data may not have been used, but could have been?
I will also do a bit more digging as well trying to answer the following questions:
How many names appear on this list? How many do not appear? (eg how many actual visitors vs. reported visitors)
What kinds of visitors besides tourists appear on these lists?
Any advice or thoughts would be appreciated! Thanks!
By ElzbthMllr 10:05, Feb 27th, 10 3-Travelogue information obama transparency visitor logs White House	5 Comments
Welcome to the White House: Please Sign In
On January 29th, 2010, the White House released – for the first time in history – its visitor records for the previous 90 days. In included more than 75,000 White House Visitors (the 75,000 represented six months worth of visitors) – now the information is released on a monthly basis. It was part of Obama's commitment to transparency (however, that definition itself is rather unclear).
The full policy of disclosure described on the White House's blog site here.
At the surface, it appears there are several positive and negatives of such a policy.
Positives:
It is unprecedented for a White House to do this and they should be commended
The decision to do this was voluntary
It's available online rather than in some dusty basement in Washington D.C. (which goes a long way in making information "public" in the 21st century). You can also download the information which allows for research potential.
Not only is it available online, it's easily searchable and has quite a bit of detailed information such as visitor's first and last name, meeting room, who they met with and occasionally a description of purpose of the visit.
Negatives:
It's done 90-120 days after the fact. Is there a good explanation for this? Why can't they do it daily/weekly?
The White House still controls the flow of information and acts as a gatekeeper (eg they can remove names for "security concerns" or any other purposes they want).
The "description" (eg purpose of the meeting) is often left out, when that's probably the most important information!
Where is the accountability in this process? Is there any? Will it just encourage meetings outside the White House?
Who manages this list?
What about duplicate names (the White House admitted this themselves that this has been a problem)? Is it searchable according to the member of the White House who called the meeting? If not, why not?
Over the next few weeks of this travalogue I will continue exploring this issue, including delving deeper into the visitor's lists themselves, and finding out what kind of information can be gleaned from this list. What kind of research can be done around the people who has access to these lists? Can this information be used successfully in mashups for example, to determine for example what visitors made campaign contributions, etc.
I will also examine instances in which the visitor's list were useful for journalists, bloggers etc, as well as look at cases when they weren't not used but could have been (and perhaps do some of that research myself if possible). I will also look further into the limitations of this kind of information.
I tried to get a good visualization of what this visitor log looks like, but was having trouble with getting a coherent screen shot that illustrates the user functionality of it. If you're interested, you can go here to view all the visitors named "Elizabeth" who have been to the White House.
Thanks to everyone who helped me formulate this idea. I really appreciate it!
By ElzbthMllr 18:41, Feb 21st, 10 3-Travelogue access to information transparency visitor logs White House	3 Comments
← Travelogue 3 – spoiled for choice
"Delivered in Beta": a documentary on open design & innovation. →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Regular pest inspections are an excellent way to ensure your home or property is free of unwanted pests, and secure against their entry. With more than 25 years in the pest control business, DNA has the skills and experience required for the best in pest extermination. Our highly qualified and certified technicians are trained in expert pest inspections, allowing us to work with you to prevent the infiltration of pests. Regular pest inspections are a great way to stay one step ahead of pests.
Many customers ask how often they should be receiving a pest inspection on their home or property. We recommend a yearly pest inspection as the ideal time frame. There are several factors which may affect your recommended time frame, however.
If your home is an older one, or if the construction has been shown to be especially vulnerable to pests, you may require more frequent pest inspections. Once we've thoroughly inspected your property, we will discuss extermination options with you. Our desire at DNA is to eliminate your pests, making our inspections less frequent and less necessary. Long-term pest control is our goal.
Properties in heavily wooded areas or other pest-prone regions may require more frequent inspections as well, as the threat of pests is often stronger in these locations. If you are in such a location, maintaining regular pest inspections is a necessity for the protection of your home and the prevention of pests. These areas may be particularly vulnerable to termite infestations, and we can offer a variety of treatment options for termite control.
Termite inspections are one of our specialisations at DNA, and we can perform a simple visual termite inspection to assess for signs of live and active termite trouble at your home. Not only do we search for signs of structural damage, but our expertly trained technician will utilise a variety of effective equipment, such as a moisture meter, thermal imaging camera, and sounding equipment, to further determine whether or not termites are present.
Secure. These programs offer the ultimate in termite protection. These treatment systems, which you can learn about in more detail on our website, provide great warranties, but require yearly building inspections. These treatments offer excellent security against termites, and we will perform your yearly inspection to make sure your house or property continues to be pest free.


Spirolab III® is a multitasking and versatile spirometer ideal for accurate and early diagnosis of respiratory diseases (like COPD and Asthma).
Easy to use for family doctors screening or pharmacy quick tests.
Different types of oximetry tests including sleep and exercise tests.
Amusing on screen paediatric incentive program which can be useful to help a child (or elderly people) to make a correct spirometry test.


text:
Your shoppingcart is empty!
Basic Art Series
Comics & Graphic Design
Style, Food & Travel
TASCHEN History
Portrait of Ren Hang taken one week before his death.
Photo: Knut Koivisto/Fotografiska
TASCHEN is devastated by the death of Chinese photographer Ren Hang, whose first monograph we have just published. Hang's startling, beautiful, gender-fluid compositions won rapid international fame, gaining millions of fans on Social Media, and over 20 solo shows across Asia, Europe, and the United States, including Human Love, which opened at Fotografiska, Stockholm on February 17.
Despite censorship in his homeland, Ren maintained that his work was not political, saying in 2013: "I don't really view my work as taboo, because I don't think so much in cultural context, or political context. I don't intentionally push boundaries, I just do what I do." Ren had written extensively about his struggles with depression.
Editor Dian Hanson, says: "I had always wanted a book that explores sexuality in China for years, and Ren Hang exceeded all my hopes. His photos of young friends, male and female, open a fascinating window on sexual freedom in an otherwise conservative society. Ren fell into a crushing depression last October, intensified by global political instability. The months of pain finally proved too much."
Mad Men Designs
Matthew Weiner's Mad Men
Legends of the Lens
The #TASCHENpodcast featuring Steve Schapiro, Ren Hang, and Karl Kolbitz's tribute to modernist Milan
Please try reloading the page
Your browser seems to have cookies disabled. You'll need to turn cookies on to use taschen.com.
Affiliate program & Press
Press Downloads
TASCHEN © 2019 View this page in:
We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best possible experience on our website. By continuing to use this website, you are giving consent to cookies being used. You can find more information in our Privacy Policy.


borax cleaner borax multi purpose cleaner borax cleaner home depot borax kitchen cleaner recipe.
borax cleaner borax cleaner ingredients borax cleaner walmart.
borax cleaner clean home happy home with borax sprinkle a 1 4 cup of mule team borax into the toilet bowl then swish with your toilet brush to keep bowl and brush borax carpet cleaner recipe borax for.
borax cleaner getting our house back in order and clean is a must before school starts using mule borax borax cleaning solution for mold borax cleaning ingredients.
borax cleaner borax product image borax cleaner uses borax vinegar cleaner recipe.
borax cleaner borax cleaning coles borax cleaner uk.
borax cleaner borax cleaner meme borax bathroom cleaner recipe borax tile cleaner recipe.
borax cleaner homemade cleaners and borax does it clog spray bottles borax for cleaning uk borax kill mold carpet.
borax cleaner mule team borax borax natural laundry booster multi purpose household cleaner borax cleaning uses borax cleaner recipe.
borax cleaner surprising uses for borax in the home garden borax kitchen cleaner recipe borax tile cleaner recipe.
borax cleaner borax cleaner uk borax cleaner coles.
borax cleaner reasons every home should have a box of borax on hand borax cleaner ingredients borax toilet cleaner recipe.
borax cleaner borax laundry booster oz box borax carpet cleaner recipe borax toilet cleaner recipe.
borax cleaner learn how to use borax for cleaning laundry stain removal and more borax carpet cleaner recipe borax cleaner coles.
borax cleaner borax is it as safe as you think borax spray for mold borax cleaning ingredients.
borax cleaner 4 x borax substitute multi purpose household laundry cleaner borax household cleaner recipe borax for removing mold.
borax cleaner green clean borax kill mold carpet borax cleaner recipe.
borax cleaner borax cleaner c borax cleaning uses borax for cleaning uk.
borax cleaner borax spray for mold borax cleaning uses.


And we have to admit, "All I Want for Christmas is You" is a pretty catchy tune.
From history we get a new Christmas carol with an interesting back story. George Butterworth composed "Crown Winter With Green" prior to his deployment with the British Army to The Battle of the Somme, on the Western Front in World War I. He was killed in action, and as a commander said of him, "A brilliant musician in times of peace, and an equally brilliant soldier in times of stress."
You can hear the carol in the latter link.
Mr. Butterworth, We thank you for your service and your musicianship.