text:
Patrick Joseph Moran, surnommé « Paddy », ( - ) est un gardien de but canadien de hockey sur glace. Il remporte la Coupe Stanley à deux reprises avec le Club de hockey de Québec en tant que meilleure équipe de l'Association nationale de hockey en 1912 et 1913. Il intègre le Temple de la renommée du hockey en 1958. Il est le premier gardien de but né à Québec à intégrer le Temple de la renommée.

Biographie

Vie privée
Patrick Joseph Moran est né le  dans la ville de Québec au Canada ; il est le fils de Margaret Dorsey et de John Moran. Les parents viennent tous les deux d'Irlande et élèvent leurs six enfants dans le quartier irlandais de Cap-Blanc. En 1897, il travaille comme électricien pour les tramways du  et en 1903, Moran se marie avec Maud Roe, la sœur d'un de ses collègues de travail.

La famille Moran a des jumeaux en 1905 mais seul Joseph Emmet survit à l'accouchement le deuxième jumeau est mort-né. Deux ans plus tard, en 1907, Patrick Junior naît. En 1910, la vie de Moran connaît un tournant : ainsi, il perd tout d'abord sa mère fin février puis ses deux fils sont emportés à dix-sept jours d'intervalles début mai.

Ses débuts juniors puis intermédiaires

Il fait ses études au sein du  mais comme son école ne possède pas d'équipe de hockey sur glace, il débute à 15 ans avec l'équipe de Sarsfield. Il joue aussi bien au hockey sur glace qu'au jeu de crosse ; ainsi, avec son frère aîné, Thomas, il remporte le titre de champion de Québec de crosse en 1894-1895. Deux ans plus tard, il rejoint les Dominions avec lesquels il manque le titre de champion junior de Québec en perdant contre les Crescents.

Il rejoint par la suite les Stars et remporte en 1898 le titre le champion junior de Québec en battant les Crescents sur le score de 4-0. Dès la saison suivante, Moran rejoint les Crescents et il fait partie de l'équipe qui joue et remporte une rencontre contre le Club de hockey de Québec 2-1 en . En , Moran et les Crescents gagnent la Ligue intermédiaire du Québec en battant l'équipe de Montréal II sur le score de 5-2. Une semaine plus tard, le gardien est invité avec le Club de hockey de Québec pour une série de matchs de démonstration à Halifax.

Sa carrière professionnelle

Les premières saisons dans la CAHL — 1901-1905
Le , la réunion annuelle de la grande équipe de Québec a lieu et la direction affirme sa volonté de réaliser une grande campagne de recrutements. Ainsi, dix-huit joueurs participent au premier entraînement de la saison du club, dont Paddy Moran. Le premier match de Moran sous ses nouvelles couleurs n'est pas une réussite puisqu'il accorde six buts en seize minutes lors d'une défaite 9-5 contre les Victorias de Montréal. La deuxième rencontre est meilleure pour le gardien qui malgré un coup de patin au-dessus de l'œil permet à son équipe de l'emporter 2-1 contre le club de hockey d'Ottawa. Au cours de cette saison dans la , le club de Québec remporte quatre succès pour autant de défaites alors que Percy Lemesurier et Hod Stuart, le capitaine de l'équipe, finissent meilleurs pointeurs de l'équipe avec cinq réalisations chacun. Moran joue les huit rencontres de sa formation alors que celle-ci se classe quatrième sur cinq.

Lors de la deuxième saison que joue Moran avec Québec, en 1902-1903, il n'a que 23 ans mais avec quatre ans de plus que la moyenne de la formation, il est figure parmi les vétérans de l'équipe. De plus, malgré cette saison, uniquement trois victoires et quatre défaites, il est souvent cité comme un des meilleurs gardiens de la ligue.

En 1903-1904, alors qu'Ottawa est premier du classement avec quatre victoires, les joueurs du club arrivent en retard au quatrième match. La ligue impose que la rencontre soit rejouée, Ottawa accepte à condition de rejouer le match en fin de saison et uniquement si le résultat est capital pour le classement. Quand les autres équipes refusent cette proposition, le club d'Ottawa décide de quitter l'organisation. Ainsi, le match décisif de la saison a lieu le  entre les joueurs de Québec et les Victorias de Montréal sur la glace de Montréal. À la fin de la première mi-temps, les Montréalais mènent 6-5 et à onze minutes de la fin, les deux équipes sont à égalité sept buts partout. Deux buts de plus sont inscrits par les joueurs de Québec qui prennent alors la première place du classement avec une fiche de sept victoires, dont deux sur tapis vert. Herb Jordan inscrit six buts au cours de la victoire des siens.

Cependant Québec manque l'occasion de jouer une série pour la Coupe Stanley. En effet, le club d'Ottawa est le dernier vainqueur de la Coupe Stanley et à la suite de leur départ de la CAHL, le  de la Coupe, Philip Dansken Ross, déclare que même si Ottawa a quitté la ligue, il est toujours possesseur du trophée. Les dirigeants de Québec soutiennent pour leur part qu'en étant champions de la CAHL, ils remportent également la Coupe Stanley et donc qu'ils n'ont pas à jeter un défi à Ottawa pour recevoir le fameux trophée. Les deux partis campent sur leur position et ainsi, Québec est sacré champion mais ne reçoit pas la Coupe Stanley à la fin de cette saison.

Dans l'ECAHA — 1905-1909

Dans l'ANH — 1909-1917
En fin d'année 1909, l'ECAHA décide d'arrêter ses activités afin d'exclure les Wanderers de Montréal et deux ligues découlent de cet arrêt : l'Association nationale de hockey d'un côté et l'Association canadienne de hockey de l'autre. Moran change d'équipe pour rejoindre celle des  dans laquelle évolue Art Ross. Il signe ainsi un contrat de  avec une prime de  dans le cas où l'équipe remporte le championnat. Cela n'arrivera jamais car seulement après quatre rencontres jouées par l'équipe, le club a déjà perdu .

La situation du club n'est pas isolée et une rencontre est prévue le  entre les deux ligues pour parler d'une fusion ; finalement, seuls les Shamrocks de Montréal et l'équipe d'Ottawa ont le droit de passer de l'ACH aux rangs de l'ANH. Les autres équipes, dont celle de Moran mais également celle de Québec, sont laissées de côté et le gardien québécois trouve une place au sein de l'équipe des Comets de Haileybury pour . Le , le club de Québec se voit accorder une place au sein de l'ANH en remplacement des équipes de Haileybury et des Silver Kings de Cobalt. Moran revient au club et affirme qu'il ne retrouvera plus jamais le niveau de rémunérations qu'il avait la saison précédente. Le nouveau club de Québec finit la saison avec une fiche de seulement quatre victoires en seize rencontres, derniers de la saison 1910-1911.

L'équipe de Québec aborde la saison 1911-1912 avec une volonté de changer son image d'équipe perdante — depuis 1905, l'équipe compte 19 victoires pour 42 défaites. Après un match de préparation qui se conclut sur le score de 23-3 pour Québec, le retour à la réalité est dur pour le club qui perd son match d'ouverture 9-5 contre les Wanderers et Moran est pris pour cible des critiques à l'issue du match. Le club aligne deux défaites lors des deux rencontres suivantes sur le score de 5-4. À la suite de ses mauvais débuts, le poste de capitaine est donné au jeune Joe Malone âgé de 21 ans. Le , l'équipe enchaîne une deuxième victoire de suite même si la partie, une victoire 5-4 contre les Wanderers, est entachée par l'expulsion de Moran. Un mois plus tard, le , Moran fait une nouvelle fois parler de lui. Alors que l'équipe est opposée aux Canadiens de Montréal, il reçoit un lancer puissant de Didier « Cannonball » Pitre au visage et reste inconscient un petit moment. Quand il revient à lui, le premier réflexe du portier québécois est de savoir s'il a réussi à arrêter le tir. Malgré un hématome au visage, Moran termine le match à sa place et ne concède qu'un but avant la fin du match pour la victoire 2-1 des siens.

Le , les équipes de Québec et d'Ottawa sont opposées à Ottawa lors d'un match qui peut donner le titre aux « Sénateurs » en cas de victoires. Ce sont eux qui prennent le devant rapidement dans le match en menant 2-0. Québec revient dans la partie avant la fin du deuxième tiers-temps par deux buts de Joe Hall et de Malone. À quelques minutes de la fin du match, Ottawa est devant en menant la partie sur le score de 5-4 mais Malone inscrit le but égalisateur à sept secondes de la fin du match. Le capitaine de Québec réalise la passe décisive pour le but de la victoire à Hall au cours de la cinquième période et Québec s'assure au minimum d'une égalité en tête du classement de l'ANH avec 10 victoires et huit défaites alors qu'Ottawa, dont la fiche est de 9 victoires et 8 défaites, a encore un match à jouer contre les Wanderers. Cette dernière rencontre tourne à l'avantage de l'équipe de Montréal, 5-2, et Québec remporte le Trophée O'Brien de la meilleure équipe de l'ANH mais également la Coupe Stanley.

Les joueurs de Québec doivent défendre leur nouveau trophée peu de temps après, contre les Victorias de Moncton. Le premier match a lieu le  et pour la première fois de l'histoire de la Coupe, la rencontre se joue avec six joueurs de chaque côté. Malone est affaibli par la grippe mais inscrit tout de même trois buts alors que Jack McDonald en inscrit quatre de plus et Hall deux ; Québec s'impose sur le score de 9-3. Le deuxième match tourne également à l'avantage des joueurs de Québec puisque Malone compte deux points, McDonald cinq et Walter Rooney un alors que l'équipe s'impose 8-0. Paddy Moran, réalise le premier blanchissage de l'ère professionnelle de la Coupe Stanley.

En 1917, il doit arrêter sa carrière de joueur afin de se consacrer à son nouvel employeur l'hôtel des Douanes. Il continue par la suite à suivre le hockey et à la fin de sa vie devient un habitué des matchs des As de Québec.

Style de jeu
Moran mesure 1 mètre 80 pour 82 kg et il est alors considéré comme étant un grand gardien pour son époque. Au début du hockey sur glace, les gardiens n'ont pas le droit de se mettre à genou ou sur la glace pour arrêter les rondelles et la taille de Moran est donc pour lui un atout. Moran est connu pour défendre de manière particulièrement agressive son but : il a ainsi pour habitude de taper avec sa crosse les adversaires passant à portée. Il a l'habitude de consommer du tabac à chiquer et de le cracher sur ses adversaires. Une autre tactique utilisée par Moran est celle de porter d'amples vêtements, soi-disant pour lui tenir chaud. En réalité, il n'hésite pas à se servir du surplus de vêtement pour augmenter sa taille et ses chances d'arrêter les tirs.

Statistiques du joueurs
Pour les significations des abréviations, voir Statistiques du hockey sur glace.

| 1900 || Crescents de Québec || AHAC  || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1901 || Crescents de Québec || AHAC Int. || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1902 || Club de hockey de Québec || CAHL || 8 || 4 || 4 || 0 || 480 || 34 || 4,25 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1903 || Club de hockey de Québec || CAHL || 7 || 3 || 4 || 0 || 420 || 46 || 6,57 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1904 || Club de hockey de Québec || CAHL || 6 || 7 || 1 || 0 || 360 || 37 || 6,17 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1905 || Club de hockey de Québec || CAHL || 9 || 7 || 2 || 0 || 540 || 45 || 5,00 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1906 || Club de hockey de Québec || ECAHA || 10 || 3 || 7 || 0 || 619 || 70 || 6,79 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1907 || Club de hockey de Québec || ECAHA || 6 || 0 || 6 || 0 || 362 || 58 || 9,61 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1907-1908 || Club de hockey de Québec || ECAHA || 10 || 5 || 5 || 0 || 602 || 74 || 7,38 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1909 || Club de hockey de Québec || ECHA || 12 || 3 || 9 || 0 || 720 || 106 || 8,83 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1909-1910 || All-Montreal HC || ACH || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 240 || 24 || 6,00 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1910 || Comets de Haileybury || ANH || 11 || 3 || 8 || 0 || 665 || 80 || 7,22 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1910-1911 || Club de hockey de Québec || ANH || 16 || 4 || 12 || 0 || 983 || 97 || 5,92 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1911-1912 || Club de hockey de Québec || ANH || 18 || 10 || 8 || 0 ||  || 78 || 4,26 || || 0 || || 2 || 2 || 0 || 120 || 3 || 1,50 || || 1 ||
|-
| 1911-1912 || Étoiles de l'ANH || Exhibition || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 180 || 23 || 7,67 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1912-1913 || Club de hockey de Québec || ANH || 20 || 16 || 4 || 0 ||  || 75 || 3,70 || || 1 || || 2 || 2 || 0 || 120 || 5 || 2,50 || || 0 ||
|-
| 1912-1913 || Club de hockey de Québec || Exhibition || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 180 || 23 || 5,33 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1913-1914 || Club de hockey de Québec || ANH || 20 || 12 || 8 || 0 ||  || 73 || 3,58 || || 1 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1914-1915 || Club de hockey de Québec || ANH || 20 || 11 || 9 || 0 ||  || 85 || 3,91 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1915-1916 || Club de hockey de Québec || ANH || 22 || 10 || 10 || 0 || || 82 || 3,54 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| 1916-1917 || Club de hockey de Québec || ANH || 7 || 1 || 5 || 0 || 307 || 35 || 6,84 || || 0 || || || || || || || || || ||

Trophées et honneurs personnels
 1894-1895 : champion de Québec avec Sarsfield (crosse)
 1897-1898 : champion junior de Québec avec les Stars de Québec (hockey sur glace)
 1900-1901 : champion de la Ligue intermédiaire du Québec avec les Crescents de Québec (hockey sur glace)
 1903-1904 : champion de la  avec le Club de hockey de Québec (hockey sur glace)
 1911-1912 : champion de la Coupe Stanley avec le Club de hockey de Québec (hockey sur glace)
 1912-1913 : champion de la Coupe Stanley avec le Club de hockey de Québec (hockey sur glace)
 1958 : admis au Temple de la renommée du hockey

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Bibliographie

Naissance en mars 1877
Naissance à Québec
Joueur québécois de hockey sur glace
Joueur des Bulldogs de Québec
Champion de la Coupe Stanley
Membre du Temple de la renommée du hockey
Décès en janvier 1966
Gardien de but de hockey sur glace
Décès à 88 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


No one wants to talk about money, yet everyone needs it to fund their programs.
I think we need to open up a healthy dialogue about cultivating major donors.
I'm not talking about a marketing strategy for how to lure more "deep pockets" to your church or cause, or how to thank your big givers profusely but "quietly" enough that it keeps the floodgates open.
I'm talking about cultivating the spiritual gift of giving.
We have all been given a spiritual gift; some to preach, run a calm yet organized nursery, keep a building in good repair, recruit and retain amazing staff, listen well and provide good counsel, set up efficient databases, or a hundred other things. But what do we do with the people who just know how to make money and lots of it, and are passionate about giving it away for the good and benefit of others?
Historically, the Church has been great at helping nurture people with certain gifts like preaching, leading worship or administrating. But let's face it, we typically don't disciple those whose spiritual gift is a burgeoning bank account.
Big givers already know how to make money; we don't need to coach them on that. But do they have a firm grasp of the biblical principles of stewardship and generosity? Are we giving them opportunities to exercise their spiritual muscle of discernment in giving, or are we just treating them like a piggy bank and expecting them to keep filling their account so we can keep tapping into it?
In the same way that you would cultivate any other spiritual gift, you ought to also be making disciples of your major partners and donors.
7. Don't keep it a secret—let them model their gift and inspire others!


text:
Bobby Elliott
Robert Hartley Elliott (born 8 December 1941)[1] is an English rock drummer, best known for playing with The Hollies. He has been described as "one of the very finest drummers in all of pop/rock".[2]
Robert Hartley Elliott
(1941-12-08) 8 December 1941 Burnley, Lancashire, England
1950s–present
Shane Fenton and the Fentones
http://www.hollies.co.uk
Elliott discovered jazz music when he was 10 or 11 and wanted to become a drummer.[3] He attended Nelson Grammar School, but is a self-taught drummer, who learnt to drum with home-made brushes and sticks, on tins and other household items, by copying Chico Hamilton of the Gerry Mulligan Quartet and Gene Krupa of the Benny Goodman Orchestra.[3]
Elliott was an original member of Johnny Theakston and The Tremeloes, who formed in 1959. Fronted by the vocalist Johnny Theakston, Elliott drummed alongside guitarists Jerry Wilcox and Mick Hay, and bassist William "Bonny" Oliver.[4] In late 1960 they sent a demo tape to BBC Radio's Saturday Club, calling themselves Shane Fenton & The Fentones, but Theakston died before they received a reply. Having been offered an audition, the band's roadie Bernard Jewry (later known as Alvin Stardust), stepped in as vocalist, adopting the stage name Shane Fenton at Theakston's mother's request.[4]
Tommy Sanderson became their manager, and negotiated a record deal with EMI who released "I'm a Moody Guy", which reached 19 on the UK singles chart. The next three singles failed to chart, "Cindy's Birthday" was then a minor hit, before the following three singles also flopped, and the band broke up in April 1963.[4]
Elliott also played in Ricky Shaw and the Dolphins, a Manchester band led by guitarist Tony Hicks who left to join The Hollies in April 1963. Shortly after, the Hollies drummer Don Rathbone left and Elliott also joined the Hollies, whilst Jewry and Sanderson became the band's joint managers.[2]
For Elliott's career with The Hollies, see The Hollies
As of 2013 Elliott still plays with the Hollies, and has recorded with almost no other band since 1963.[5]
Prominent drummers who were influenced by Elliott include Gilson Lavis, Ric Lee, Cozy Powell and Ian Paice.[6]
Elliott had a long relationship with Maureen Hicks. Thanks to this relationship Elliott would meet Maureen's brother, Tony Hicks.[7]
Toms:- 8"x10", 9"x12", 11"x14", 13"x16" Birch wood & laminate shells, made by Drum Workshop of Oxnard, California
Bass:- 18"x22" with DW 9000 double bass drum pedals
Snare:- 6.5" x 14" Ludwig hammered metal SD.
Cymbals:- Zildjian 12" Splash, 14" hi hats, 17" & 18" Custom K Dark Crash, 19" K Thin Dark Crash, 20" Medium Ride
Timbales:- LP 'Tito Puente' 12" & 13"[3]
"Bobby Elliott". Allmusic. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
Unterberger, Ritchie. "Biography of The Hollies". Allmusic. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
"Band profile of Bobby Elliott". Hollies.co.uk. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
Thompson, Dave. "Biography of Shane Fenton and the Fentones". Allmusic. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
"Recording Credits for Bobby Elliott". Allmusic. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
"Mike Dolbear DRUMS". Mikedolbear.co.uk. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
"The Audiophile Man - Featuring Hi-Fi and Music news, reviews, features and interviews". The Audiophile Man. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
Allan Clarke
Eric Haydock
Bernie Calvert
Terry Sylvester
Mikael Rickfors
Peter Howarth
Carl Wayne
Ian Parker
Stay with The Hollies
In The Hollies Style
Would You Believe?
For Certain Because
Dear Eloise / King Midas in Reverse
Hollies Sing Dylan
Hollies Sing Hollies
Confessions of the Mind
Another Night
Write On
A Crazy Steal
Five Three One - Double Seven O Four
Extended plays
The Hollies' Greatest Hits
Hollies' Greatest
The Hollies: 20 Golden Greats
Clarke, Hicks & Nash Years: The Complete Hollies April 1963 – October 1968
"Searchin'"
"Just One Look"
"Here I Go Again"
"Yes I Will"
"I'm Alive"
"Look Through Any Window"
"I Can't Let Go"
"Bus Stop"
"Stop Stop Stop"
"On a Carousel"
"Carrie Anne"
"King Midas in Reverse"
"Jennifer Eccles"
"Listen to Me"
"Sorry Suzanne"
"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother"
"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress"
"The Air That I Breathe"
"Sandy (4th July, Asbury Park)"
"Heartbeat"
"Stop! In the Name of Love"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Below is a list of all the types of recycling we currently accept or download a leaflet of what you can recycle here. Please make sure you wash out empty containers before putting them in your bin, these should be put loose into the bin and not in black bags.
Black* bin bags - even if they are full of recycling items. Please only use clear/see-through bags or put recycling items into your bin loose.
*We have had lots of loads of recycling rejected by our recycling partners because they contain black bin bags and it is not possible to see what is in them. If loads are rejected the are sent to landfill, rather than being recycled. Please help us by putting recycling items into your blue bin loose, or use clear plastic bags.
Please make sure your bin is at the kerbside from 6.30am on your collection day.
To report a missed, lost or damaged bin, you can fill in one of the online forms below or telephone 0345 002 0022 by the end of the next working day after it was due to be emptied. If the crew have not reported an issue with your bin, we will return within three working days to empty it.
Our waste services are jointly operated with Lichfield District Council and you will be taken to to their website to report these issues.
If your blue bin is overflowing, you can order a second blue bin for free. Just call our waste services team on 0345 002 0022 or apply for an additional recycling bin online PLEASE NOTE: You will be taken to our partner Lichfield District Council's website to apply.
Alternatively, if you have too much recycling from time to time (such as at Christmas) and don't want an extra blue bin permanently, we will always take additional recycling if bagged in clear bags or carrier bags (so we can see they contain recycling items) and if placed next to your bin at the kerbside on your collection day.
Our recycling goes to Biffa in Aldridge, where it is separated into various streams and then sent on to further locations for processing, which is detailed below.
Tins and cans - Food tins are melted down to make new steel items: car parts, fridges, or even parts of bridges! Drinks cans are crushed, melted and made into ingots and sent to can makers. New drinks cans are in the shops again in only six weeks.
Glass bottles and jars - Glass bottles and jars are washed, crushed, melted and moulded into new glass bottles. Some recycled glass is ground down and used to make roads.
Plastics - Plastic bottles are cut into flakes, washed, dried and made into new products, such as signposts, garden furniture and wheelie bins!
Paper and card - Paper is sent to a paper mill, pulped down and turned into new paper. Your newspaper could be back on the news-stand in as little as two weeks. Cardboard is flattened and folded and recycled to make new packaging, such as cereal boxes and washing powder boxes.
It uses less energy and water than producing it from new.
Paper and card breaks down slowly in landfill sites and produces harmful methane gas.
To produce paper, trees are felled and valuable wildlife habitats are lost.
Perhaps you are disabled or you struggle to move a heavy bin, why not speak to our team about an assisted collection? Either call us on 0345 002 0022 or fill in the book an assisted collection form on our partners Lichfield District Council's website.


text:
Nigeria: INTERPOL Arrest Edo State Commissioner on Alleged Money Laundering Charges
Operatives of INTERPOL have arrested Edo State for Arts, Culture and Tourism, Mr. Osaze Osemwingie-Ero, for alleged money laundering.
Ero was reportedly arrested in France since last month for being in possession of $2m.
He was said to have being detained and queried by INTERPOL.
Political opponents claimed the money was given to him by Governor Godwin Obaseki as he was accompanying the Governor to a foreign trip.
Another source said the Commissioner was being questioned for an offence he committed seven years ago.
A top government official, who pleaded anonymity, said the state government was aware of the questioning of Osemwingie-Ero by INTEPOL for a offence committed before he was appointed by Governor Obaseki.
On the sum of $2m found on the Commissioner, the source said it was yet to be confirmed whether any money was found on him.
But the Edo State Government, in its reaction, said the alleged arrest of Osemwingie-Ero has nothing to do with Governor Obaseki.
Special Adviser to the Edo State Governor Obaseki on Media and Communication Strategy, Mr. Crusoe Osagie, said the state government could not confirm the alleged arrest of the commissioner.
According to him: "We learnt about the alleged arrest of the Arts, Culture, Tourism and Diaspora Commissioner, Hon. Osaze Osemwingie-Ero from unreliable sources on social media and we are unable to confirm either the alleged arrest or what might have led to it.
"But we can confirm without equivocation that whatever the issues might be, they are totally personal and have nothing whatsoever to do with the Edo State Government or Governor Godwin Obaseki."
Original article on thenationonlineng.net
A purchasing executive at Broward Health steered plum contracts to his accomplices in exchange for $600,000 in kickbacks, vacations to Cancun and the Bahamas,...
Must Read January 8, 2021
Former state District Judge Rudy Delgado loses appeal case in bribery conviction
Taiwan prosecutors charge former judge for corruption


I'm puzzled about a few things with abuild.
then the .makedepends-foo package doesn't get deleted.
permissions to do what it seems to be doing in these cases.
other of fakeroot and sudo?
developers and hackers have a similar workflow.
wouldn't have to manually poke around in /etc/apk/world.
will use the newly-built package, not even if I do "apk update" first.
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text:
Acquisition International announce the winners of the 2020 Business Excellence Awards
Whilst it is certainly a challenging time for businesses of all shapes and sizes, there are still causes for celebration to be found in every industry and sector. Indeed, even now, we endeavour to recognise those that are, and have been doing, incredible things. After all, success can be found anywhere – whether a large international conglomerate or single-person firm. That was really the goal of the Business Excellence Awards when they were launched over half a decade ago: to shine a spotlight on some of the quiet achievements of entrepreneurs, managers, owners and founders around the world.
Awards Coordinator Steve Simpson took a moment to discuss the success of the winners: "Now in its sixth year, the Business Excellence Awards are the cornerstone of Acquisition International's annual celebratory programmes. Once again, it has been an absolute pleasure to speak to you all and find out how you continue to innovate and create in your respective industries."
Acquisition International prides itself on the validity of its awards and winners. The awards are given solely on merit and are awarded to commend those most deserving for their ingenuity and hard work.To learn more about our award winners and to gain insight into the working practices of the "best of the best", please visit the Acquisition International website (http://www.acq-intl.com) where you can access the winners supplement.
Blis is awarded: Most Innovative Consumer Data Analysis Company 2020


Store your equipment securely in the robust transport case: the case provides enough storage space for the appropriate measuring instrument (e.g. manifolds) and accessories.
1 x transport case for manifolds.


I wrote my new book The History of Jihad From Muhammad to ISIS mostly chronologically, starting with Muhammad's conquests in Arabia and moving forward. It's a bloody history, and one indelible impression one gets from proceeding through the centuries of jihad warfare is of the persistence of the jihadis. They never give up, they never give in, and they never take any setback, no matter how devastating, as decisive. They keep coming, and have kept coming at non-Muslims, from Spain to India and elsewhere, as I show in the book, without respite, without reprieve, without reform.
The last chapter of The History of Jihad From Muhammad to ISIS deals with jihad in the twenty-first century, and opens with 9/11. After having written the story of nearly fourteen hundred years of relentless jihad warfare, George W. Bush's "Islam is peace" speech at the Islamic Center of Washington, D.C. six days after 9/11 jolted me as it never had previously. Reading Bush's speech after going through the details of fourteen centuries of jihad against non-Muslims made the speech appear much more startlingly fatuous and self-defeating than it already had even to me. Bush's suicidal willful ignorance, coming after so much jihad warfare, so many ruined lives, so much bloodshed — it hit me with a wallop.
This book establishes definitively why the West's entire approach to the global jihad threat since 9/11 has been so wrongheaded and is leading us to political, cultural, and societal disaster. I've been trying to sound the alarm on this for many years now, while the moneyed forces of the "Islamophobia" hysteria industry have won the day and marginalized those of us who have been telling the truth about what is happening. The History of Jihad From Muhammad to ISIS is my last effort to try to show people the nature and magnitude of the threat we face. Bush's speech is just one of many missteps and mistakes made by leaders throughout history when faced with the jihad force. My hope is that if this history is more widely known, and those missteps and mistakes highlighted and explained, maybe some people will wake up to what is happening before it is too late.
Preorder The History of Jihad From Muhammad to ISIS here now.
These acts of violence against innocents violate the fundamental tenets of the Islamic faith. And it's important for my fellow Americans to understand that.
The English translation is not as eloquent as the original Arabic, but let me quote from the Koran, itself: In the long run, evil in the extreme will be the end of those who do evil. For that they rejected the signs of Allah and held them up to ridicule.
When we think of Islam we think of a faith that brings comfort to a billion people around the world. Billions of people find comfort and solace and peace. And that's made brothers and sisters out of every race—out of every race.
Muslims were not being subjected to wholesale vigilante attacks in the United States, at that time or at any point subsequently. This speech was an exercise in vassalage that would have made the late-fourteenth- and early-fifteenth-century Byzantine emperors ashamed, yet Bush was by no means alone. Political leaders all over the West echoed his words about Islam's being a religion of peace, having nothing to do with terrorism. After September 11, this became a commonplace of the Western political discourse, rejected only by a small minority, who were quickly stigmatized as cranks.
RELATED: Will the Dallas Police Shootings Mark the Beginning of another US Civil War?
All these years later, it is clear: Bush's speech set the pattern. After every jihad attack, non-Muslim leaders have followed his example, making it their highest priority to affirm that Islam is peace and that Muslims are victims. Bush deformed the West's response to the resurgent jihad, and poisoned the public discourse so that attempts to discuss this problem honestly are consigned to the realms of "Islamophobia" and condemned by all right-thinking people.
This could be Bush's most enduring, and most damaging, legacy. Order The History of Jihad From Muhammad to ISIS here now.


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Damian Lillard jokes about ditching Raiders fandom after ugly loss
The Las Vegas Raiders got steamrolled on Sunday, and it may have temporarily cost them one of their most famous fans. The Raiders suffered an embarrassing loss at the hands of the NFC South-worst Atlanta Falcons on Sunday, falling by the final of 43-6. Quarterback Derek Carr turned the ball over four times. Running back… Read More
The post Damian Lillard jokes about ditching Raiders fandom after ugly loss appeared first on Larry Brown Sports.
The Las Vegas Raiders got steamrolled on Sunday, and it may have temporarily cost them one of their most famous fans.
The Raiders suffered an embarrassing loss at the hands of the NFC South-worst Atlanta Falcons on Sunday, falling by the final of 43-6. Quarterback Derek Carr turned the ball over four times. Running back Josh Jacobs lost a fumble of his own too. The Falcons, meanwhile, were without top offensive stars Todd Gurley and Julio Jones but still put up a season-high in points.
Portland Trail Blazers star Damian Lillard was not happy about the poor showing. He tweeted that he was done with NFL football for the season.
Wtf are the Raiders doin man
— Damian Lillard (@Dame_Lillard) November 29, 2020
DC come on bra
I'm done https://t.co/krI0jqQtNH
I'm taking the rest of this NFL season off.
Lillard, a native of Oakland, Calif., is a longtime fan of the Raiders. He once threw shade at ownership for moving the team to Las Vegas but has still continued to root for them.
Not all is lost for the Raiders though. They are still 6-5 on the season, which puts them on the fringe of the AFC playoff picture. But the rest of their season may have to come without the support of Dame Time.


When I first learned that we only use a small portion of our brain, I wanted to know more. It seemed that we had untapped potential that we were not accessing.
I've taught Physics & Math, originated mortgages, and practice real estate. I have been a student of psychology, philosophy, religion, metaphysics, human potential, and artificial intelligence for many years. This is how I think. I'm basically a student of mind, emotion, spirituality, human potential & body awareness.
Plus, I have back pain!
There are ways to expand our mental capacity. Music and movement are two of those ways. It is now being recognized as having great healing potential also. The power of the mind is continuously surprising us.
To me dance is just moving to music, letting your body and the music suggest the movement. Allow your unconscious to connect to your conscious and harmonize with the music and movement. Now you've got more of your brain working for you.


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Aurel Eisenkolb (* 1849 in Lowrin, Kaisertum Österreich; † 1918 in Lippa, Königreich Rumänien) war ein rumäniendeutscher Komponist.

Leben
Der Sohn des Komponisten Josef Eisenkolb studierte nach dem Besuch der Realschule von 1863 bis 1866 das Lehrerbildungsinstitut in Werschetz und setzte seine Ausbildung in Szeged und Budapest fort. Er wirkte als Lehrer in Orzydorf (1867–70), Tschanad (1870–75) und Lippa. Neben kirchenmusikalischen Werken, darunter einem Tantum ergo für Chor, Bass, Tenor und Orgel, einem Tantum ergo für gemischten Chor und der Messe Herr, vor dem sich Welten neigen für Männerchor und Orgel komponierte Eisenkolb unter anderem den Aurelien-Walzer für Klavier.

Weblinks
Edition Musik Südost - Aurel Eisenkolb

Komponist (Rumänien)
Geboren 1849
Gestorben 1918
Mann
Rumäne


Directors who scale up their knowledge of strategy and disruptive innovation can better support leadership teams, says outgoing NRMA chair Kyle Loades FAICD.
The NRMA, Australia's oldest and largest member-owned, mutual motoring-services organisation, has 2.6 million members and a history stretching back 97 years.
Chair Kyle Loades looked to the future and realised that NRMA's private-ownership roadside service membership model was under threat by self-driving vehicles and the rise of car sharing.
In 2016, the board hired Rohan Lund (formerly with Foxtel and Seven West Media), a CEO strong on digital technology, strategy and innovation. His new leadership team is executing a rapid, company-wide transformation strategy.
Meanwhile, Loades decided he needed to skill up. He recently took a Harvard Business School HBX online course (US$1500) in disruptive strategy with innovation expert Clayton Christensen.
Using digital disruption business models, the course also focused on what causes consumers to buy products and why — then identified "pain points" for customers.
Loades finishes his NRMA term in December after 12 years on the board, including four as chair. But, for him, the learning doesn't stop. Next is a 12-month course at the Australian National University; the Transformational Leadership Program is designed to help leaders of large organisations with legacy systems, processes and organisational cultures adapt to a volatile and rapidly changing macro-economic environment and technological disruption.
"The focus on disruption is often on startups and new companies, when the biggest challenge is transforming legacy organisations that have to move from old to new organisational approaches," he says.
"There's an Amazon equivalent coming for everyone. The more you can prepare your organisation to be more agile, to lower its cost base, to transform and incorporate brand values, the better.
NRMA, meanwhile, has rapidly reduced its cost base and invested in startups such as Divvy share parking. It has also put $10 million into an electric vehicle fast-charging network that's free for members.
Want a seat at the board table?


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Last year we raised enough money through our JustGiving page to buy 9 new cat traps. These traps have enabled us to neuter many many feral cats which will reduce the population of unwanted cats greatly. We have also been able to trap stray cats and return them to their owners, or, if they had no owners, to be able to foster them until they found a loving home.
Due to this success we thought we would continue with the fundraising page so if people wanted to donate a small amount of money now and then, rather than making a regular donation, they would be able to. All of the money raised goes towards the regular veterinary fees and feeding costs of the cats in our care.


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Eisen Relishes Chance to Take on Democrat, Succeed Lowey
January 31, 2020 Martin Wilbur	452 Views 3 min read
Republican Josh Eisen of Harrison hopes to be the next representative in the 17th Congressional District.
Don't tell Josh Eisen that he doesn't have a chance to capture the 17th Congressional District seat this fall and succeed 16-term incumbent Nita Lowey.
Eisen, 48, a Harrison Republican, said he was prepared to take on Lowey even if she hadn't announced her retirement in October because no one from the GOP challenged her in 2016 and 2018 and also because of his concern that Democrats have veered too far to the left.
It's a sentiment he believes many Democratic voters hold in Westchester and Rockland, and Eisen is banking on winning some of their support in November, against whomever his Democratic opponent may be.
"There are Democrats who believe in the good old-fashioned ideal of dignity and labor, that if one works, they should not have to go to the government for a handout," said Eisen, who has one Republican committed to run against him in a primary, 24-year-old Yehudis Gottesfeld, of Ramapo. "They believe in choice in healthcare; they do not believe in Medicare for all. Many of them are union people who come from union backgrounds and no union person wants Medicare for all.
"I just think that the left wing of the Democratic Party betrayed a lot of those people who are registered as Democrats and I don't think there's a better example of that than the ones who live in Westchester and Rockland."
Eisen, a businessman who has operated his own companies mainly in the background checks and language services fields, said he is also looking to improve the lives of all residents in the district.
One way to do that is to maintain private health insurance. He argued that as a business owner he has seen those expenses skyrocket since the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, mainly because insurance companies don't like uncertainty.
Eisen argued that the private sector and the government should incentivize citizens who make healthy, responsible choices, such as eating well and exercising regularly.
"We need to focus on good living, healthy living and we need a nation of citizens who are in good health and take care of themselves, and it's in the national interests to incentivize that living, especially for left-wingers who want to talk about Medicare for all," said Eisen, who grew up in Queens, graduated from Queens College and has an MBA and a doctorate in religion from Columbia University.
Having been in the background checks business, Eisen is a proponent of universal checks for gun ownership. He said the process is archaic in many areas of the country and the proper use of technology could exponentially speed up that waiting period.
However, Eisen strenuously opposes attempts to takes guns away from law-abiding citizens. He said individual states have the latitude to make laws as their residents see fit, but as a child of Holocaust survivors, that is one of the first steps toward the loss of liberty.
"If people on the left don't like the Second Amendment, they can try to put together a constitutional convention and we can open up all the amendments," he said.
On immigration, Eisen said he believes that law-abiding people who have been in the United States for years and whose children and even grandchildren are citizens should be allowed to stay and no longer live in the shadows. The same is true for the roughly 700,000 DACA recipients in the United States.
"A certain number of people just need to be legitimized because that's the best, pragmatic thing to do and they're paying taxes, they're in the system, so it's much better to go that step," Eisen said.
He also believes that the law should be changed to allow those seeking asylum to do so on economic grounds since so many refugees flee impoverished nations.
Eisen called limiting the state and local income tax in the 2017 tax bill "a money grab" on the part of states that take more federal dollars, He said he would fight to at least raise the threshold. Eisen also said the government should operate on a balanced budget rather than continuing deficit spending.
Eisen, who is currently the only officially declared Republican to be running in the race, criticized the impeachment process, blaming the Democrats for pressing forward with no bipartisan support. For his part, he called the Clinton impeachment in the late 1990s equally poor.
He declined to answer which Democrats he might like to oppose in November, preferring to focus on the task in front of him.
"I'm going to have to earn it," Eisen said. "I'm going to put myself in the best position."
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Records of Maine soldiers in Union Army hospitals 1862-1865 in Maryland, Virginia, New York, Philadelphia, New Orleans, Florida, and Washington, D.C. areas. Records include soldier's name, company, regiment, residence, name of hospital and date of arrival, ward, type of disease or injury, and remarks. Record arrangement varies by hospital, regiment, or date.


This evening will spotlight poets who write about their experiences of navigating racial and cultural identity politics in the city.
Whether it's their family background, the community they live in or the people they work with, their work responds to the rich tapestry of cultures we live within.
Poets include Belinda Zwahi, Will Harris, Salma El-Wardany, Caleb Femi and The Potent Whisper.
This event is part of Second Home's City Life Festival. Running throughout October, the festival will explore the relationship between urban spaces, communities and identities and champion London as a place of inclusivity and diversity.


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by Andreas M Fleckner
1 1. Function
2 2. Terminology
3 3. History
4 4. Legal comparisons
5 5. Legal harmonization
5.1 a) Harmonized national company law
5.2 b) Supranational company law
5.3 c) Fundamental freedoms
6 6. Current challenges
7 7. Outlook
1. Function
The law of business associations (hereinafter referred to as 'company law', see 2. below) governs the internal relationships and external affairs of partnerships, companies, corporations and other business entities that are, at least to some degree, separated from the person or persons that own them. Company law has an enabling function to the extent that it makes exceptions to general principles of contract and property law that would otherwise constrain the creation and organization of business associations. Where company law instead establishes new requirements or alters general rules that otherwise pose no problems for business associations, it has a regulating function. Rules of the latter type by far outnumber those of the former.
Lawyers will gain a first insight into the function of their national company law by exploring whether and in which respects its provisions offer options that the general rules fail to provide. This differs between countries. For one essential question, though—the allocation and attribution of assets—company law seems to have an enabling function in all European jurisdictions. Because contractually it is not possible, at least for larger business associations, to sufficiently separate the common (business) assets of the firm from the individual (private) assets of its owners ('principle of two-sided asset separation'). Here, certain statutory provisions or comparable court decisions provide for remedies.
Understanding the functions of company law has important implications both for its abstract conception and its concrete application, in particular when drawing the borderline between company law and neighbouring branches of law such as capital markets law or insolvency law.
Unlike in French (société) and in German (Gesellschaft), there is no single English term that covers the wide range of business associations or entities that have emerged over the last centuries. Therefore, while French law knows a droit des sociétés and German law a Gesellschaftsrecht, English lawyers would have to less succinctly refer to 'company and partnership law', the 'law of business associations' or 'enterprise law'. To complicate matters further, in the United States the predominant terms (in addition to 'partnership law') are 'corporate law' and 'corporation law'.
The English terminology reveals that the business associations of today have two distinct roots: the corporation (universitas, association, Körperschaft) and the partnership (societas, société, Sozietät/Gesellschaft im engeren Sinne). Corporations pursue supra-individual goals and are, accordingly, independent from the current composition of their members. Partnerships, in contrast, advance the common interests of the specific partners and have, in principle, no isolated existence; in their purest form, partnerships are therefore dissolved if a partner dies (Inst 3,25,5), quits (Inst 3,25,4) or becomes insolvent (Inst 3,25,7/8).
National and European Union law provide for a great variety of legal regimes under which business associations can be organized. These different forms cover a wide spectrum ranging from partnerships of a few businessmen to international conglomerates with several million shareholders. This Encyclopaedia has dedicated articles to the most important national types (partnership; Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH); private limited company (England and Wales); stock corporation) and to all supranational forms that have appeared on the European level (European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG); European Cooperative (Societas Cooperativa Europaea); European Company (Societas Europaea)). The European Private Company (Societas Privata Europaea) might follow next, at least in some Member States (see 5. b) below).
In the European context (see generally Art 54(2) TFEU/48(2) EC), the term 'company' is often used in a very broad sense to mean all private associations of persons that carry on a business in common (as well as, although not 'common' enterprises, distinct single-member entities). For instance, observers discuss both the European Economic Interest Grouping and the European Company under the heading of 'European company law', even though both are conceptually far apart: the European Economic Interest Grouping is an example of a partnership, the European Company of a (stock) corporation. For brevity and convenience, the remaining sections will follow this practice and use the term 'company law' in the broader sense that includes partnerships and similar business associations.
Common business activities have been dealt with in texts dating as far back as the 18th century BC Codex Hammurabi (§§ 77+f, 100–107). Most detailed among the ancient laws and later the primary basis of European company law is the Roman law on the societas, the ius societatis. Both the Institutes of Gaius (Gai Inst 3,148–3,154b) and of Justinian (Inst 3,25) as well as the Digest (Dig 17,2) and the Code of Justinian (Cod Iust 4,37) devote a separate chapter to the societas. A second basis of modern company law are the Germanic rules and customs of the Middle Ages (well known, but apparently partly influenced already by Roman law, is the Sachsenspiegel of the 13th century, Landrecht I 12). With the reception of Roman law, Germanic and Roman rules became increasingly mixed and merged—at least locally (for example, the Frankfurter Reformation of 1578, part II, title XXIII)—into a largely homogeneous body of law, the ius commune societatis, the common law of business associations. In some discussions, however, the different historic roots are still apparent, eg in the 19th century German dispute over the legal nature of the stock corporation, or in many Romanic jurisdictions with regard to unequal shares and the exclusion of the famous societas leonina. Mostly unnoticed is that today's English law of partnerships appears to be closer to the Roman ius societatis than the legal regimes in France and Germany.
The provisions of the Code civil (21 March 1804) du contrat de société (Arts 1832–1873) and the Code de commerce (15 September 1807) des sociétés (Arts 18–64) had the most significant impact on the development of modern company law in continental Europe. Many of these sections have been revised several times since, but the greater part of French company law is still codified in the Code civil (Arts 1832–1873) and the Code de commerce (Arts L 210-1–L 252-12). For the German legal system, the draft of a general German commercial code, the Allgemeines Deutsches Handelsgesetzbuch (ADHGB) (12 March 1861) constituted the first codification of company law to come into force nationwide (Arts 85–270). Four decades later, these provisions were transferred—partly revised—to the new commercial code (§§ 105–342), the Handelsgesetzbuch (10 May 1897); at the same time, the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) (18 August 1896) dedicated a chapter to the civil partnership, the Gesellschaft (§§ 705–740). The rules on civil and commercial partnerships have seen only a few amendments since that time; the other company forms, however, were often reformed and are now codified outside of the commercial code. The Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), an invention of the German legislature, received a statute of its own at its inception (20 April 1892); the law on stock corporations was transferred to a distinct codification (Aktiengesetz of 30 January 1937) and has been kept separate to date (Aktiengesetz of 6 September 1965). English company legislation was initially event-driven and therefore fragmentary and unsystematic. This changed with the Companies Act 1862 (7 August 1862), the first consolidation or codification, which was thereafter many times replaced, most recently by the Companies Act 1985 (11 March 1985) and the Companies Act 2006 (8 November 2006). Partnerships are governed by the Partnership Act 1890 (14 August 1890).
4. Legal comparisons
From the very first days of company law, comparative study (comparative law) has been one of the most important sources of knowledge. The Code de commerce (1807) in general and its provisions on business associations in particular functioned as a model for various other commercial codes in Europe, such as the Spanish Código de Comercio (1829), the Portuguese Código Commercial (1833) and the Dutch Wetboek van Koophandel (1838) as well as—to a lesser degree—the draft of the Allgemeines Deutsches Handelsgesetzbuch (ADHGB) (12 March 1861).
In areas where the legislation has largely remained unchanged since the middle of the 19th century, comparative study has almost come to an end. The most striking example is the law of partnerships (see 2. above). Where legislatures, judges and scholars are still struggling for an adequate regulatory regime—ie especially for corporate entities (stock corporation; private limited company (England and Wales); Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH)) —comparative study has been continuously (though with differences in quality and quantity) influential (more in the respective articles of this Encyclopaedia that deal with the individual legal forms).
5. Legal harmonization
European legal harmonization is well advanced in some areas of company law. The reason is, as for capital markets law, that the harmonization of company law is believed to be important for the accomplishment of a European internal market.
a) Harmonized national company law
(i) Twelve main directives aim at harmonizing national company law (subsequently listed in order of adoption, not according to the sometimes differing and now abandoned official numbering): (1) First Council Directive (Dir 68/151 of 9 March 1968) on coordination of safeguards which, for the protection of the interests of members and others, are required by Member States of companies […] with a view to making such safeguards equivalent throughout the Community. (2) Second Council Directive (Dir 77/91 of 13 December 1976) on coordination of safeguards which, for the protection of the interests of members and others, are required by Member States of companies […] in respect of the formation of public limited liability companies and the maintenance and alteration of their capital, with a view to making such safeguards equivalent. (3) Fourth Council Directive (Dir 78/660 of 25 July 1978) […] on the annual accounts of certain types of companies. (4) Third Council Directive (Dir 78/855 of 9 October 1978) […] concerning mergers of public limited liability companies. (5) Sixth Council Directive (Dir 82/891 of 17 December 1982) […] concerning the division of public limited liability companies. (6) Seventh Council Directive (83/349 of 13 June 1983) […] on consolidated accounts. (7) Eighth Council Directive (Dir 84/253 of 10 April 1984) […] on the approval of persons responsible for carrying out the statutory audits of accounting documents, replaced by Directive (Dir 2006/43 of 17 May 2006) on statutory audits of annual accounts and consolidated accounts […]. (8) Eleventh Council Directive (Dir 89/666 of 21 December 1989) concerning disclosure requirements in respect of branches opened in a Member State by certain types of company governed by the law of another State. (9) Twelfth Council Company Law Directive (Dir 89/667 of 21 December 1989) on single-member private limited-liability companies. (10) Directive (Dir 2004/25 of 21 April 2004) on takeover bids [originally proposed as the thirteenth company law directive]. (11) Directive (Dir 2005/56 of 26 October 2005) on cross-border mergers of limited liability companies [originally proposed as the tenth company law directive]. (12) Directive (Dir 2007/36 of 11 July 2007) on the exercise of certain rights of shareholders in listed companies.
(ii) Not further pursued or not yet adopted are the: (1) Proposal ([1991] OJ C 321/09 of 20 November 1991) for a fifth Council directive […] concerning the structure of public limited companies and the powers and obligations of their organs; (2) Draft (Doc No III/1639/84 of 1984) for a ninth company law directive [on groups of companies]. (3) Draft (Doc No XV/43/87 of 1987) for a company law directive [on the liquidation of companies]. (4) Draft (22 April 1997) for a fourteenth company law directive [on the transfer of seat].
(iii) The European Commission has also issued recommendations (under Art 288(5) TFEU/ 249(5) EC) in recent years: (1) Recommendation (2004/913 of 14 December 2004) of fostering an appropriate regime for the remuneration of directors of listed companies. (2) Recommendation (2005/162 of 15 February 2005) on the role of non-executive or supervisory directors of listed companies and on the committees of the (supervisory) board. (3) Recommendation (C(2009) 3177 of 30 April 2009) complementing the former two recommendations as regards the regime for the remuneration of directors of listed companies.
b) Supranational company law
In the area of company law, the European institutions have also created directly applicable supranational company law in addition to the aforementioned measures to harmonize national company laws.
(i) All listed companies must, per virtue of a regulation (Reg 1606/2002 of 19 July 2002), prepare their financial statements according to International Accounting Standards (IAS) or, now, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) (accounting).
(ii) Most perceptible as phenomena of supranational company law are the three European company forms: (1) The European Economic Interest Group (EEIG) was created in 1985 by means of a regulation (Reg 2137/85 of 25 July 1985) as well as by national implementation laws. The EEIG, which is modelled after the French groupement d'intérêt économique (Arts L 251-1–L 251-23 Code de commerce) is a not-for-profit partnership that allows the organization of ancillary cross-border services. The EEIG has, however, almost no practical relevance; in Germany, as the largest Member State of the European Union, there are no more than 256 such associations (as of January 2011, according to Udo Kornblum, 2011) and only 27 with significant activities (Umsatzsteuerstatistik 2008; the Unternehmensregister shows for 2010 a total of 74 releases by 65 firms). (2) The European Company (Societas Europaea) (SE) is the 'flagship' of European company law (Klaus J Hopt). The SE is, despite its confusing name, functionally and structurally a stock corporation, created a decade ago through a regulation (Reg 2157/2001 of 8 October 2001) and a supplementing directive (Dir 2001/86 of 8 October 2001) as well as through national implementation laws. Although expectations were frequently reduced over the slow course of its development, the success of the SE has nonetheless surprised many observers. Two years ago (as of April 2009), there were 389 such companies across Europe: in Germany 115, in France 14, in the United Kingdom also 14 (according to Horst Eidenmüller, Andreas Engert and Lars Hornuf, 2009); in the meantime, Germany has witnessed a rise of almost 50 per cent to 159 companies (as of January 2011, according to Kornblum, 2011). (3) The European Cooperative Society (Societas Cooperativa Europaea) (SCE) is based, like the SE, on a regulation (Reg 1435/2003 of 22 July 2003) and a directive (Dir 2003/72 of 22 July 2003) as well as national implementation laws. So far the SCE has not proved to be a practical success.
(iii) There have been and still are plans to create additional supranational forms: (1) The Commission has put forward a proposal (COM (2008) 396 final of 25 June 2008) for a European Private Company (Societas Privata Europaea) (SPE). The key difference between the SPE and the SE (see (ii) above) is that the shares of the SPE cannot be publicly traded; the SPE is meant to be a close corporation, a sort of European private limited company or Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH). The proposal failed mainly due to Germany's opposition (in June 2011), but other Member States might, through the mechanism of 'enhanced cooperation', move forward and adopt the proposal regardless of other countries' reluctance. (2) The drafts of a directive (most recently [1993] OJ C 236/05 of 6 July 1993) and a regulation (most recently [1993] OJ C 236/06 of 6 July 1993) to create a European Mutual Society were withdrawn by the Commission in spring 2006 ([2006] OJ C 64/03). (3) A similar fate was met by the idea of a European Association which, notwithstanding drafts for a directive (most recently [1993] OJ C 236/01 of 6 July 1993) and a regulation (most recently [1993] OJ C 236/02 of 6 July 1993), was also abandoned ([2006] OJ C 64/03). (4) In the context of European legal forms, one should also mention the initiatives for a European Foundation.
c) Fundamental freedoms
Another central component of European company law is the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) on the freedom of establishment (Arts 49–55 TFEU/43–48 EC) and the free movement of capital and payments (Arts 63–66, 75 TFEU/56–60 EC).
(i) The six most important decisions on the freedom of establishment, which the treaty expressly extends to companies (Art 54 TFEU/48 EC), are: ECJ Case 81/87 – Daily Mail [1988] ECR 5483; ECJ Case C-212/97 – Centros [1999] ECR I-1459; ECJ Case C-208/00 – Überseering [2002] ECR I-9919; ECJ Case C-167/01 – Inspire Art [2003] ECR I-10155; ECJ Case C-411/03 – SEVIC [2005] ECR I-10805; and ECJ Case C-210/06 – Cartesio [2008] ECR I-9641. These judgments have both a legal and a political dimension. Legally, they deal with the question of whether and under what circumstances business associations that have been founded according to the laws of one Member State can focus their activities on another Member State or completely 'move' to it; this can pose problems in both the first and the second state. Politically, the decisions are of relevance because a broad interpretation of the freedom of establishment may lead to legal competition for the 'better' (often from the founders' perspective) law (in general: competition between legal systems).
(ii) For investments in business associations, the free movement of capital and payments overlaps with the freedom of establishment (seen, but not resolved by Art 49(2) TFEU/43(2) EC). All of the Court's rulings in this area so far have involved measures to prevent takeovers. Eight times the Court had to decide on so-called 'golden shares'. These are special rights granted to public bodies making it more difficult to take over (previously privatized) companies. The relevant judgments concerned provisions in Portugal (ECJ Case C-367/98 [2002] ECR I-4731; ECJ Case C-171/08 of 8 July 2010, nyr; ECJ Case C-543/08 of 11 November 2010, nyr); in France (ECJ Case C-483/99 [2002] ECR I-4781); in Belgium (ECJ Case C-503/99 [2002] ECR I-4809); in Spain (ECJ Case C-463/00 [2003] ECR I-4581); in the United Kingdom (ECJ Case C-98/01 [2003] ECR I-4641); and in the Netherlands (ECJ Joined Cases C-282/04 and C-283/04 [2006] ECR I-9141). On related issues, the Court had to decide in two proceedings brought against Italy (ECJ Case C-174/04 [2005] ECR I-4933 and ECJ Joined Cases C-463/04 and C-464/04 [2007] ECR I-10419). Not only a 'golden share', but some provisions of a 'golden act', the so-called Volkswagen-Gesetz (Act of 21 July 1960), were reviewed in the Volkswagen case (ECJ Case C-112/05 [2007] ECR I-8995). Whether the deletions made by the German legislature in the aftermath of the decision (Act of 8 December 2008) are sufficient to bring the law in accordance with European requirements remains to be seen.
6. Current challenges
Most of the challenges for today's company law are confined to certain forms of business associations; these challenges are discussed in the respective articles of this Encyclopaedia (for an overview, see 2. above). Only a few problems are understood as those of European company law in general and not of particular legal forms.
The question of co-determination, ie the participation of employees in the decision-making process of the (supervisory) board has been highly controversial for decades, but is not a genuine issue of company law. Germany, the country that has become (in)famous for giving employees seats on the supervisory board in larger firms (a system known as Mitbestimmung), has been blocking numerous efforts to harmonize European company law or create European legal forms, most recently the European Private Company (Societas Privata Europaea) (SPE), because of fears that the position of German employees might suffer. To discuss this issue at length is somewhat futile because empirical data or other objective arguments have received little political attention so far.
A general problem at the borderline of company law and insolvency law (see 1. above) is the question of which provisions that protect creditors are to be classified under company law and which under insolvency law. In Germany, the legislature (Insolvenzantragspflicht, duty to file for insolvency proceedings, § 15a Insolvenzordnung) and the Federal Supreme Court (Existenzvernichtungshaftung, existence destruction liability, § 826 Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB)) have recently reclassified two issues from company law to insolvency and tort law, respectively. It is likely that both adjustments are tacit attempts to remove these matters from the scope of the freedom of establishment (Arts 49–55 TFEU/43–48 EC) in order to make foreign companies, despite recent rulings by the ECJ, subject to the same provisions as those established in Germany. In the European context, however, it is very probable that the functional content of the law, not the site, will be central to the qualification under company or insolvency law. From this perspective, the duty to file for insolvency proceedings might indeed belong to insolvency law, while existence destruction liability might have to be classified as company law.
Another issue of general importance is the power that the European institutions have or should have to harmonize national company law and to create supranational company law. The treaty authorizes the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission only to coordinate 'to the necessary extent the safeguards which, for the protection of the interests of members and others, are required by Member States of companies or firms […] with a view to making such safeguards equivalent throughout the Union' (Art 50(2)(g) TFEU/44(2)(g) EC). This mandate is quite narrow, perhaps narrower than the numerous directives (see 5. a) above) in the area of company law might suggest.
7. Outlook
European company law is facing a number of major policy decisions. The first phase of harmonizing national company law and of creating uniform European law has almost come to an end—not because all of the original objectives have been achieved, but because only, if at all, the Transfer of Seat Directive and the European Private Company seem politically feasible at present. Whether existing measures are sound and whether further initiatives should follow requires careful investigation. Legal scholarship could contribute to this discussion with a more thorough comparison of the national legal systems. This input will be most helpful if legal scholars compare more than the current statutes.
First, a great gap in historical research should be closed by meticulously exploring to what extent modern company laws follow a common model and where they follow separate paths. Contrary to widespread belief and the frequently repeated stereotype of the common law's distinctiveness and uniqueness, the English law on business associations seems, in many regards—at least based on a cursory review of its historical foundations and a preliminary appraisal of its current shape—closer to Roman law than to French or German law. For the rise of a new European company law, this common foundation is a great opportunity because it gives the political discussion a starting point that might seem agreeable to all parties involved. Secondly, legal scholarship should team up with the social sciences and conduct empirical studies to better understand the practice of European business associations. A French société anonyme and a German Aktiengesellschaft differ in more ways than name and legal framework.
Therefore, in light of the policy decisions ahead and the wide areas that legal scholarship has so far left unexplored, more functional research, with vertical and horizontal legal comparisons as well as interdisciplinary studies, appears as the current desideratum in the area of European company law. While such work might be helpful in assessing calls for centralized harmonization, it might itself prove a nucleus for a decentralized development of European company law towards a novum ius commune societatis.
Marcus Lutter, Europäisches Unternehmensrecht (4th edn, 1996); António Menezes Cordeiro, Direito europeu das sociedades (2005); Marco Cassottana and Antonio Nuzzo, Diritto commerciale comunitario, part I (2nd edn, 2006); Klaus J Hopt, 'Comparative Company Law' in Mathias Reimann and Reinhard Zimmermann (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law (2006, corrected paperback edition 2008) 1161; Stefan Grundmann (with Florian Möslein), European Company Law (2007); Paul L Davies (with Sarah Worthington and Eva Micheler), Gower and Davies' Principles of Modern Company Law (8th edn, 2008); Michel Menjucq, Droit international et européen des sociétés (2nd edn, 2008); Mads Andenas and Frank Wooldridge, European Comparative Company Law (2009); Reinier H Kraakman and others, The Anatomy of Corporate Law (2nd edn, 2009); Michel Germain, Traité de droit commercial, vol I/2: Les sociétés commerciales (19th edn, 2009); Andreas M Fleckner, 'Europäisches Gesellschaftsrecht' in Festschrift Klaus J Hopt, vol I (2010) 659; John Armour and Wolf-Georg Ringe, 'European Company Law 1999-2010: Renaissance and Crisis' (2011) 48 CMLR 125.
Codex Hammurabi (18th century BC), cited according to the edition of Mervyn EJ Richardson, Hammurabi's Laws (2000); Sachsenspiegel (13th century AD), cited according to the edition of Karl August Eckhardt, Sachsenspiegel—Landrecht (2nd edn, 1955); Der Statt Franckenfurt erneuwerte Reformation (1578); Code de commerce (10–15 September 1807), Bulletin des lois No 164, 161 ff; Código de Comercio (30 May 1829), edicion oficial (1829); Código Commercial Portuguez (18 September 1833) (1833); Wetboek van Koophandel: Officiële uitgave (1838); Entwurf eines allgemeinen deutschen Handelsgesetz-Buchs (12 March 1861): Allgemeines Deutsches Handelsgesetzbuch (ADHGB); An Act for the Incorporation, Regulation, and Winding-up of Trading Companies and other Associations (7 August 1862), 25 & 26 Vict ch 89.
Retrieved from Company Law – Max-EuP 2012 on 02 February 2023.


In this report, TMR offers a 9-year forecast of the global cut flower packaging market between 2018 and 2027. In terms of value, the cut flower packaging market is forecast to expand at a CAGR of 4.8%. The study reveals the market dynamics in five geographic segments along with a market analysis for the current cut flower packaging market environment and future scenario over the forecast period.
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The material types considered in the cut flower packaging market study includes paper & paperboard, plastic, and others. Of these, the plastic segment accounts for the major share of the global cut flower packaging market.
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To ascertain the market size in terms of value and volume, the revenue generated by the key manufacturers of cut flower packaging and their respective production capacity is taken into consideration. The forecast presented here assesses the total revenue generated by value across the cut flower packaging market. In order to provide an accurate forecast, we started by sizing up the current market, which formed the basis of how the cut flower packaging market is expected to develop in the future. Given the characteristics of the market, we have triangulated the outcome on the basis of three different types of analysis, based on supply side, downstream industry demand for cut flower packaging, and the economic envelope. In addition, it is imperative to note that in an ever-fluctuating global economy, we not only conduct forecasts in terms of CAGR, but also analyze the market based on key parameters, such as Y-o-Y growth rates, to understand the predictability of the cut flower packaging market and identify the right opportunities for players.
To understand the key growth segments in terms of growth and adoption of cut flower packaging globally, in the final section of the report, a 'dashboard view' of the companies is provided to compare the current industrial scenario and their contribution to the total cut flower packaging market. Moreover, it is primarily designed to provide clients with an objective and exhaustive list of manufacturers in the cut flower packaging market. A detailed comparative assessment of key providers specific to a segment in the cut flower packaging market is also included in the report. Report audiences can gain segment-specific manufacturer insights to identify and evaluate key competitors in the cut flower packaging market.
The key manufacturers in the cut flower packaging market profiled in this report include Smurfit Kappa Group, DS Smith plc, Atlas Packaging, Uflex Ltd, Clondalkin Group Holdings BV, A-ROO Company LLC, Flamingo Holland Inc., Taghleef Industries LLC, Robert Mann Packaging, Hawaii Box & Packaging, Inc. Ernest Packaging Solutions, Mos Packaging Printing Factory, Flopak, Inc, Koen Pack USA, Inc., Sirane Ltd, Dilpack Kenya, Packaging Industries Ltd., JX Nippon ANCI Corporation, Pacombi Group BV and Broekhof Verpakkingen B.V. Many local and unrecognized players are expected to contribute to the global cut flower packaging market during 2018-27.
9.2.5 Clondalkin Group Holdings B.V.
9.2.9 Ernest Packaging Solutions, Inc.
9.2.11 Koen Pack USA, Inc.
9.2.14 Robert Mann Packaging, Inc.
9.2.15 Hawaii Box & Packaging, Inc.


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An interesting insight came to me this morning.
I've often caught myself thinking that it would be so much easier to follow, to be more overtly Christian and so on, if only I could get rid of these tendencies. It's easy to think that any public statements are too easily compromised by being less than perfect.
Today it was as if God was telling me to just go for it, to focus on walking with him rather than worrying about whether every little thing was perfect before starting out. If I'm spending my time feeling bogged down by the ways I'm not perfect, caught up with feelings of guilt every time I trip up, I'm always looking backwards rather than looking forwards.
In a physical battle the warrior waits until he is victorious before cleaning his sword - if he stopped to polish it repeatedly during the battle he would soon fall. The spiritual battle is no different.
Amen, hindsight and foresight can be a stumbling block for us. It's a noisy world, and we are looking for the stillness of quiet.
Psa 46:10	Be still (literally quiet), and know that I [am] God: I will be exalted among the heathen, I will be exalted in the earth.
Also: take a look at this in Joshua 6:2>>Then the LORD said to Joshua, "See, I have delivered Jericho into your hands along with its kind and its fighting men."
Today it was as if God was telling me to just go for it, to focus on walking with him rather than worrying about whether every little thing was perfect before starting out. .
Isaiah 30:21 " Your ears shall hear a word behind you saying 'this is the way, walk in it' whenever you turn to the right hand or whenever you turn to the left."
In other words we are supposed to be submitted to Him and do what seems right at the time, but always be prepared to hear the Lord correct us when we are about to do what is wrong.


phthisis is a topic covered in the Taber's Medical Dictionary.
Venes, Donald, editor. "Phthisis." Taber's Medical Dictionary, 23rd ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2017. Nursing Central, nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/734262/all/phthisis.
Phthisis. In: Venes D, ed. Taber's Medical Dictionary. 23rd ed. F.A. Davis Company; 2017. https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/734262/all/phthisis. Accessed April 22, 2019.
Phthisis [Internet]. In: Venes D, editors. Taber's Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company; 2017. [cited 2019 April 22]. Available from: https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/734262/all/phthisis.


Twenty seven hours after embarking at Newcastle the ferry drew into Bergen. The sea had been flat calm and the sunny day amongst the fjords and islands gave a cruise like atmosphere. We drove part of the way to Vik on the Sogne Fjord and camped for the night, resuming the drive in the morning. Our route took us past whitewater rivers that had Steve jumping up and down in his seat and an ice lake, more of this later.
We launched at Vik and started up the fjord, the scale of the scenary became apparent when what looked like 30 minutes paddle took a whole 2 hours. There is little tide to worry about, maybe 1m at Springs, the technically minded can study how the wave of tide running down the North Sea is cancelled out by the returning wave, suffice to say there is no tide at Stavanger and it increases gradually north and south of there.
Having said that we met some strange eddies coming back on the north side of the fjord as the tide pushed cold water up out of the depths past headlands. A tail wind sprang up in the afternoon bowling us along. The steep and rocky shores had no sign of a campsite but a small patch of birch in the fir and pine 4nm away on the opposite shore looked promising. Half way there, Thor started playing with his hammer, lightening split the sky and a sheet of rain could be seen baring down on us, so it was best paddle forward to reach the shore. It proved to be a good campsite and the storm spectacular amongst the snow fields and mountain peaks. Rain set in for the next 14 hours, as my log records: 'woke at 0500 rain on the tent, woke at 0600 rain on the tent, woke at 0700 rain on the tent, woke at 0800 rain on the tent, 0810 rain stopped and I got up, getting straight into paddling gear because the grass was so wet'. Njöror (god of seafarers) had beaten Thor and thereafter the weather was good.
We set off in strong wind F6 from NE so straight down the fjord once we were round the corner. Choppy and there seemd to be some tide against us near the point and for a while it looked as if this with the wind might sweep us into Fresvik Bay but we made the Point. Inside the Aurlandsfjord we cut across to the E shore to get some shelter. Lunch spot was a low lying rocky point with wild gooseberries. Hills running with water after the rain so waterfalls everywhere. Where the fjord divides we took the right hand fork, Naeroyfjord, the world heritage fjord, this is very narrow with mountain walls on either side, you have to have seen it to appreciate it. A gusty wind F4-6 mostly from behind made it choppy in places. The cloud cleared becoming nice and sunny. The water in the main fjord had been fairly warm but this fjord was really cold from melt water maybe 4c and not very salty, at least near the surface. Near where streams ran in it was near freezing as the melting snow was not far away. The fjord sides were steep but we found a grassy place near an unoccupied hut to camp. Pitched our tents then set off to the fjord head. Quite a lot of shipping to watch out for and only a narrow deep water channel. I was woken up by a pine marten which came out of the wooden outhouse near my tent causing the nesting oystercatchers to go into paroxisms of noise from midnight onwards (it never got dark the whole trip).
Up at 5am with the sun and a fine misty morning, calm sunny weather as we set off back down the fjord and around the point into the left hand fork the inner Aurlansfjord. Near the point some goats were feeding on the cliffs and came down to see us, sending rocks clattering into the water and looking as if they might jump onto the deck. Lovely paddling with some tidal assistance saw an otter on the beach and some seals. Stopped for lunch at the point opposite Skjerdal. Here the tide was eddying back and forth maybe 0.5knot in each direction changing every 5 minutes or so, is this just eddies set up by shipping?. The round to Flam finding a good campsite just short of the town. This had fresh water and even an earth closet hidden in the trees. A cable aerial runway went up into an inaccessible hanging valley and a notice we found later seemed to say that the country inland was a winter military training area. Set up the tents and paddled into Flam, the others took the famous rail trip and came back ful of the experience.
I paddled back and explored the coast near the camp, although steep it was possible to find a way amongst the crags up through woods and grassy areas with wild flowers and raspberries and strawberries, nesting bramblings and fieldfares.
Magical calm sunny weather, porpoises in the fjord and a couple - apparently mother with suckling young - came right along the shore nearby. In Scotland it would have been midge city but here we hardly saw a biting insect all week. When we were ready to set off the porpoises were feeding out in the middle so I paddled out and had them all around me. Two or 3 shallow dives breathing then a long deep dive so I suppose they were feeding in the warmer sea water far below. We set off back down the fjord making our way across to the E shore under huge vertical cliffs beyond Skjerdal, Eerie. A large cruise ship passed us in the narrows at the entrance of the fjord, leaving wave patterns running up and down and forward and back. Less pleasant was the exhaust smoke, a thin layer, luckily well above us, which lingered for hours, so still was the air. There followed a lovely length of coast with waterfalls and many seals. Roasting hot. Crossing the main Sogne fjord returning to our first campsite we met a ship on a reciprocal course. We made a 50m 450 change to starboard and then resumed our course and the ship did the same giving us a friendly toot as he passed.
Next moring it was yet another sunny day with porpoises in the bay at 0600 and we paddled amongst them again. Steve was not very well a combination of a cold and too much sun. Andrew decided to paddle with him on the shortest course back on the S shore, whilst Richard and myself took the N shore of the fjord finding strange and sometimes strong currents off Hermansverk with sudden changes in water temperature. Stopping for lunch in what had become a strong F4-5 very cold headwind despite the hot sunshine, we scanned the water for the others 2 and saw them on a course set to meet ours at Vagnes. The Sogne fjord here is about 4nm wide. Back at Vik a stream led up to the campsite and it was high tide so we could paddle up under the road bridge and pull out the boats on the grass just by where we would camp.
We started off home via the 'ice lake'. A week of hot sunshine had melted the lake a bit so it had open leads and we decided to go for a paddle. Air temperature 9C water 0C so all the warm clothes and Reed balaclava etc on just in case of an upset though I was determined to roll and not come out in that water. Flat calm. The ice was sometimes cat-ice, sometimes small chunks which made a nice crunching-groaning sound as you paddled through and mainly 'ice bergs' maybe 50cm above water and 4-5m below and 5-30 m across. It was hard to find a way from lead to lead once amongst the ice, but we found you could get the bergs to move mm by mm by repeatedly paddling against them slowly or paddling the bow up onto them and letting it slide off, thus opening up cracks to ease yourself through. We went down to the end of the lake about 1.5Nm and then started back. The whole icepack had rearranged itself even though it was calm, maybe just due to the knock-on effects of our efforts. Anyway we had to find a new way back and realised that if the wind got up we could be in deep trouble caught in the ice with no way out and the boats being crushed. By now the grey sky it was looking very threatening but it stayed calm despite coming on to sleet before we were back at the car.
Thanks to Andrew for organising and leading the trip.


The Old Foodie: An Ale for Every Occasion.
Thoroton, in his Nottinghamshire gives an account of a shepherd who kept ale to sell in the Church of Thorpe. He was the sole inhabitant of a village depopulated by inclosure. Besides the Ales already mentioned, there were Bid-Ales, Bride-Ales, Give-Ales, Cuckoo-Ales, Help-Ales, Tithe-Ales, Leet-AIes, Lamb-Ales, Midsummer-Ales, Scot-Ales, and Weddyn-Ales. Some of these are sufficiently explained by their names. … Bride-Ale, also called Bride-bush, Bride-wain and Bride-stake, was the custom of the bride selling ale on the wedding-day, for which she received by way of contribution any sum or present which her friends chose to give her. In the Christen State of Matrimony (1545) we read: "When they come home from the church, then beginneth excesse of eatyng and drynking, and as much is waisted in one daye as were sufficient for the two newe-married folkes halfe si yeare to lyve upon." Modern wedding breakfasts and the presents given to the happy pair are, doubtless, descendants of this old custom. In Norway at the present day, a peasant's wedding is celebrated with much the same ceremony as the old English Bride-Ale. Ale is handed round to the guests, and they are each expected to contribute, according to their ability, to form a purse to assist the bride in commencing housekeeping.
… The old custom of Cuckoo-Ale appears to have been only of local observance. In Shropshire the advent of the first cuckoo was celebrated by general feasting amongst the working classes; as soon as his first note was heard, even if early in the day, the men would leave their work and spend the rest of the day in mirth and jollity.
As the recipe for the day, I give you a nice beer cake. I know that technically, beer is not ale, although we often use the terms interchangeably today, so this will have to do!
1 cup beer, 1 cup seedless raisins , 3 cups sifted cake flour, 3 teaspoons baking powder, ¼ teaspoon baking soda, ½ teaspoon salt, ½ teaspoon cinnamon, ½ cup shortening, 1 ¼ cups sugar, 2 eggs, separated.
Turn beer over raisins. (If cold, and carefully poured, it will not foam and will be easy to measure.) Let stand 15 minutes. Mix and sift together three times flour, baking powder, baking soda, salt and raisins. Add cinnamon. Cream shortening, until soft. Add sugar gradually, beating until light and fluffy after each addition. Add egg yolks. Blend well. Add flour alternately with beer, a small amount at a time, beating until smooth after each addition. Fold in stiffly beaten egg whites. Turn into 2 greased loaf tines (6 x 10 x 2 in.) and bake in a moderate oven (275 degrees F) thirty minutes or until done.
All very interesting. My Morris and sword-dancing friends still have occasions called (Sword) Ales. My detail-radar was struck first by the sizes of the loaf pans and then more forcefully by the temperature suggested in the recipe. 275F, really?
HI bklynharuspex. I am sometimes (often?) guilty of a rapid or no proof read of my own transcriptions, but you are right - they do sound odd. I will check the original source as soon as I get time and let you know if there are any changes! Keep that radar switched on!


Updated on May 19, 2011, 1:55 p.m.
Note: This blog has no direct control over any bookings or information provided here, but is an effort to put up the closest information for your convenience. Please call up the hotels directly for further information and booking.
Standard room Ac Room - Published tariff Rs 2000 Special tariff Rs 1350.
Premium AC Room- Published tariff Rs 2500 Special tariff Rs 1650.
Deluxe AC Room - Published tariff Rs 3000 Special tariff Rs 2000.
We have 18 very spacious rooms all airconditioned with Attached Bath, TV, Refrigerator, Tea/Coffee maker, Telephone, Internet etc.
Queen Hotel , per day 1000/- per head on twin sharing basis, 3 km from the venue, with transport and breakfast facility.
For information on Star Hotel accommodation, it is updated that Star hotels are ready to give discounts for bulk room bookings. NRI sadhaks who would want to come in groups and wish to avail discounts, you may please call one of the sadhak in seva for availing discounts on 09822102731 (Star Hotels only).
NMS Jacob Bhai ! Thanx a ton for putting up all the information. How far are these hostels from the venue? Pls arrange the contact no of the organizer.
Added above bhai :) namah shivaya..
Thanks Jacob. What about the distance of HOSTEL from the venue?
Ajay bhai.. your question lead to few more changes in the above venue picture and there are more picture links just below the venue picture of how every main part of the campus looks.. namah shivaya..
Namah Shivaya Jacobji! I want some info regarding the raipur shivir...about the accomodation facilities...if u know anything kindly put it up for me...Jyoti.
This is real NISHKAAM SEVA.
excellent work done by Jacob.
Namaha Shivay,Thank you very much for all the valuable details.God bless you and team.
Thanks for all the information. My husband and I want to attend the Goa shivir but will be accompanied by our 1 year old son and our mother and mother-in-law (they won't attend the shivir). We are looking for a comfortable and more engaging place for our baby and our parents. Out of all the above hotels and resorts, please suggest the one that is most suitable for our family.... anyone!!! Namah Shivaay!
Thank you so much for all the information. Can i do an online fund transfer of 2700 to the above mentioned account number and sms the transaction id to the number provided? It will be more convenient than sending a DD or cheque for me.
Bhagyalaxmiji.. pls contact the concerned number given in the above post for details.. namah shivaya..
This does not tell much for people overseas. What is the total cost for this?
thank you Jacob for keeping us updated and for all valuable informations.. Can u kindly make the blog more easy to read the purple colour on the dark background strains the eyes too much..
thanx a lot Jacob for this priceless info....may u get best of the best this planet earth can offer for your nishkaam seva!
probably she is out of town or something.. will send her a message of FB.. i dont have the hotel number..
namah shivaya.. Nisha was travelling.. she will get back to all mails very soon.. namah shivaya..
what does level II offer ? is there any details that i can get on the course ?
Its excellent information about Best Hotels in Goa with the tariffs range and their contacts.


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You can always find the best deals here because there are always sales going on. They always have the cutest things here. Also customer service here is really good because everytime i need to see if they have an item at another location they are so great at calling up other locations for me so that I can find what I need.
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Find fencing ads in our Building Materials category from Adelaide Region, SA. Buy and sell almost anything on Gumtree classifieds.
Fencing Supplies Adelaide. Pooraka Fencing can look after all of your fencing needs for a free quote or more information, call us today on: .
Steel Supplies · Misc · Sheeting · Fencing. 50 X 50 X 1500MM FENCE POST – BLACK. Part No. FU5015B. 50 X 50 X 1800MM FENCE POST – GALV. Part No.
We have found 19 businesses for Fencing Materials in Kent Town, SA 5067 – Betta Wood,. service at competitive prices; Proudly supporting SA manufactured products. Fencing Contractors Adelaide – Fencing Installation Adelaide – Supply.
Good Neighbour fencing, Adelaide's expert steel fencing and panel fence. backed by exceptional customer service, at the most competitive prices you can. and steel tube fencing, we have all the materials and resources to build your top .