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The Daily Stormer praises alleged "honor killer" of London teen for "defending his race"
"Honor killing" victim Celine Dookhran (Modified photo from Twitter)
Andrew Anglin, publisher of the neo-Nazi tip sheet DailyStormer.com, doesn't usually have many nice things to say about Muslims, especially Muslims living in the West. But he's made an exception of two young Londoners, Mujahid Arshid, and Vincent Tappu.
What makes these two fellows "honorable," in Anglin's eyes? Arshid has been charged with the brutal rape and murder of 19-year-old Celine Dookhran and the kidnapping, rape and attempted murder of another young woman who survived her assault; Tappu has been charged in the kidnapping of both women. According to prosecutors, the two were enraged that Dookhram, of Indian descent, was planning to marry an Arab man.
And so, while acknowledging that the violence inflicted upon these two women was "gruesome," Anglin actually praises the alleged killer and his accomplice for their "hardcore defense of [their] race."
In a recent post on The Daily Stormer (archived here), Anglin declares
the men who did it were defending their race, and as extreme and gross as the act was, you have to have a little bit of respect for them.
Reveling in the bloody details of the crime, Anglin writes admiringly that
These guys kidnapped women of their own race and raped them, and after one escaped with her throat half-slit, they chopped the other up and stuffed her in a freezer.
Because the women were race-mixing.
Anglin goes on to urge white men in the west to emulate the two — at least up to a point.
So I'm just going to throw this out there: imagine if white men cared this much about their own women race-mixing. …
I'm certainly not implying White men should be kidnapping White female race-mixers, raping them and chopping them up and shoving them in freezers for fucking n***ers. Although honestly, I wouldn't feel bad if that happened, it is more than our women would require to get back in line.
Instead of murdering "race-mixing" white women, Anglin suggests that white men simply harass them viciously in public.
If we had a movement to shame these whores, that would go a long, long way. If you see these people in Walmart, for instance, look the white woman directly in the eyes and say "how does that n***er dick taste, whore?"
You can't get in trouble for that. Her buck is not going to attack you in a Walmart, and if he does he'll be arrested and it will get in the media. Which is good. They won't print your name, because you are the victim, but they will say that you made a "racially insensitive comment about the woman's mixed race relationship."
You can also yell from your car. If you see women with someone of another race, slow down, roll down your window and yell: "n***er-fucking whore! What does your father think????"
Just start doing this.
Now. …
If you look a woman in the eye and call her a n***er-fucking whore, she will remember that for the rest of her life.
Once again, it seems the main difference between American neo-Nazis and the Islamist fanatics they so often denounce are the colors of their respective skins.
H/T — FSTDT.com
Posted in: advocacy of violence, alt-right, empathy deficit, harassment, hate speech, have you no humanity, irony alert, Islamophobia, literal nazis, men who should not ever be with women ever, miscegenation, misogyny, racism, slut shaming
Dalillama: Irate Social Engineer says:
@kupo
We don't need another word for crazy; we need to examine why we're trying to use that word each and every time we start to do so and to address the actual problem we're seeing rather than brushing it off as "crazy."
I think that there's a need for a concise term for, essentially, someone who is deliberately divorced from reality. I.e., the recent Juicebro thread where David wondered if he'd gone "off the deep end". Now, I don't think that Mikey boy has experienced a psychotic break, nor that he's experiencing any type of mental illness. He's simply not connected to reality anymore, because he's surrounded himself for too long with people who are constantly trying to outdo each other with hyperbolic improvised propaganda. It's the same phenomenon as the people who were convinced Obama was going to take their guns, or that Pizzagate was a real thing, or Alex Jones and his lizard people, etc.
@Axe
Any reason you ask, or just curious?
Etymology is a thing for me, so basically curious.
@Grumpy
I think people tend to attribute racist opinions far too much to personal failures of individuals and not nearly enough to the well-organized propaganda campaign that has been carried on by the US Right Wing for over 40 years
Try 400 years, you'll be closer to the truth.
@Otrame
The result is that many cities here are spread out, going horizontal instead of vertical
This was not purely a result of automotive availability. It was a deliberate policy decision (well, a series of them, made mostly between 1945 and 1970), aimed, as I noted above, at perpetuating racial segregation and economic inequality in the face of increasing pressure for civil rights laws, many of which have been rendered essentially toothless by such backhanded measures.
Still Fiqah says:
Hey. I'm TRULY sorry if I made anybody feel bad for not being able to drive, for various reasons. FWIW, I BARELY got my driver's license well after high school, and had a permit when I entered undergrad in the Nineties. I come from a place with an active, visible driving culture (South Florida). Even if you couldn't have your own car, you were expected to somehow have one – even if you were dirt poor like I was, and worked during the school year and on breaks for shit like text books and food. I'm permanently banned from my elderly mother's empty-nest bad-ass Mustang, after an unfortunate incident of backing into our mailbox 20 years ago. It…it never stops hurting.
I KNOW this is far from universal. Part of why I moved to New York was because the MTA is a miracle of public transit, and I could be assured that I would never, ever have to parallel park, which isn't even something TAUGHT in Florida. (We have massive parking lots and valets. I mean…LOL)
What struck me as hilariously absurd is that the vile, putrid, ceaselessly enraged, embittered, entitled, frothing racist pint of fucknuggetry that we call Andrew Anglin is scowling in a photo with his DRIVER'S PERMIT. Like…except for their beaming grins, THIS was the photo my friends all took after their quinceanera parties! How is this…I mean. No motorcycling license? No CDL? No HAZMAT? I…you're mean-mugging with a junior license with that same air of unprovoked defiance that these people reserve for their avis in front of the stars-and-bars? It's just…no.
Can a person be a bad-ass with a permit? Hell, yeah, they can! MY friends were. But this dude? Nope.
Axecalibur: Middle Name Danger says:
@Dali
Etymology is a thing for me, so basically curious
Totally get that 😀
I think that there's a need for a concise term for, essentially, someone who is deliberately divorced from reality
I worry that any such word will either come from a place of ableism or will be used, predominantly if not exclusively, in an ableist fashion. I've little faith in the decency of the general public. Personally, I'm OK with this lexical gap remaining unfilled under the circumstances…
Conspiratorial/conspiracist might work for what you seem to be describing tho. That's probably as safe a word as any 🙂
@Fiqah
Hey. I'm TRULY sorry if I made anybody feel bad for not being able to drive
Yeah, I was gonna say something about that but forgot when I got home. That and the repeating 'tiny' thing. Height don't come so easy to all of us. It's cool. Just resist that urge a little harder next time 🙂
GrumpyOld SocialJusticeMangina says:
@Kupo: Cognitive skills may not have been the proper term, because I certainly wasn't talking about spatial skills. I've always thought of it in a computer analogy. Mental illness is a hardware problem, a structural or chemical dysfunction that makes it more difficult for a person to function. You may well be able to treat the issue, but you can't remove and replace the brain. The issues I'm talking about are poor reasoning and critical thinking skills, which I see as analogous to programming/software issues — you might be able to correct these deficiencies with better education, at least at earlier ages before a person's beliefs have been ossified. So I do think we need a word for a person with this sort of problem which is clean of all reference to mental illness. At WHTM we seem to be stuck with words like "asshole" and "shitstain" and "shitgibbon", which don't really specify this particular problem, and which also have the deficiency of implying that bad thinking is the result of personality flaws (which IS probably part of the story), which probably cannot be remedied, rather than poor training in intellectual skills, which might be remediable. And in particular, a better emphasis on teaching better intellectual skills might pay a lot of dividends, while assuming that the "deplorables" are simply natural assholes that are going to happen no matter what we do seems defeatist to me.
@Axe: I grew up in the 50s and 60s so I know fairly well what things were like then. One of my earliest memories is hearing a news item about an attack on Nat "King" Cole and my father trying to explain to me why people would attack a SINGER. I grew up in a totally white area — in school I had just one African American classmate, for one year only (he was from a local orphans' home). Racism wasn't much of an issue for obvious reasons.
When I was 15 my aunt in San Francisco gave me a trip out there, and I spent some time with a boy of my age who was planning to be a priest — he was the protege of an older priest who was close to her late husband's family in Louisiana — and I don't want to even THINK about what might have been going on there. (This was a priest who owned a private plane …) This was my first exposure to outright racism, and I was shocked. So, while I know that there isn't any way that I could have grown up white in the US in that period without some dose of racism, I think I was lucky enough to have gotten a fairly weak dose.
My problem with what you say is that I think it's virtually impossible not to have acquired some degree of racism as a white person growing up in the US, but IMO that doesn't mean you are doomed to being a racist person. A lot of effort has been put into encouragement of diversity and diminishing racist ideas. This afternoon I ran some errands, thinking about this thread as I went. I went to pick up vegetables at the local Unitarian Church, and on the door was a poster with a diverse group of people with the caption "We all belong here. We stand by each other." A tiny thing, obviously, but a baby step in the right direction. I went to the grocery store and a black guy in a mixed race couple with an obviously mixed-race child — which you wouldn't have seen in my area 20 years ago — held the door for me because I'm obviously mobility-challenged. I saw two other young women with children who were obviously browner than they were. Change is happening. Not fast enough, of course — it never is.
My point is that instead of helping racism to die out, the Republican Party has cultivated and nurtured it. Over the last 50-60 years there has been a lot of study of what you might call marketing psychology, and that has led to the development of a lot of techniques for bypassing people's rational defenses by manipulating fear and anger. Even a relatively banal thing like peanut butter was promoted with the slogan "Choosy moms choose Jif," which obviously played on a woman's fear of being not considered a mom who cared about what her kids ate. The Republican racist campaign depends on fairly sophisticated, well-financed techniques to keep poorly-educated people scared and angry. So it seems to me that dismissing the results of such a campaign as "Well, they were racists anyway," basically concedes that white people are racist by NATURE and there's really not much you can do about it.
I don't blame you the slightest bit for feeling the way you do, but as a white person I'm not prepared to accept that white racism can't be ameliorated and maybe even cured. Unfortunately for me, part of the cure is that my generation has to pass away.
Dormousing_it says:
@Nanny Oggs Bosom
Whoops! No, my lovely mother-in-law wasn't born in the 18th century. I hadn't had my coffee yet. It was still pretty early in the morning here.
RE: Drivers Licences
My sister-in-law never got her DL. Living in the suburbs of a small New England city, it was just about impossible for her to get a decent job in the city, without that DL. She relied on her brother, my husband, to drive her where she needed to go. To my great resentment. Or, she took the very inadequate bus.
For awhile, she lived with her parents in a town known as "black suburbia", because of its large number of African-Americans. She had the nerve once, to complain she was the only white person riding the bus!
@Troubelle
Yes, you'll have to get your DL, good luck when it comes time to take the driving test. Seriously, consider applying for Federal jobs. Sorry, sorry, for beating a dead horse, but you'll be glad you did. The Feds have strong regs and procedures in place to prevent discrimination. They WANT to hire women and minorities. OK, I'm through talking about it.
Troubelle: Moonbeam Malcontent + Bard of the New Movement says:
@Dormousing_It
Perhaps I can get the DL over winter break.
And I'll keep the Federal idea in mind, assuming the government machine doesn't break within the next few years. I do have an alternative via my mom's company (which is not averse to hiring family in the slightest), and I eventually want to strike out on my own, but…well, I just want to have a secure living wage.
Heh. First office job I had, was in the company my mother worked for. It was a summer job. I wasn't permitted to work in her department, that was all. It was data entry, and tedious as hell – this was long before the internet, even before modern software like Windows was in wide use – but it was something to put on my resume.
epitome of incomprehensibility says:
@Still Fiqah – not offended! Just curious! And Anglin's badass posturing is pretty mockable.
@Dan Hoan, @Sinkable John – That sucks. Nobody should treat you as a lesser person for not driving.
@Scildfreja – Oh, I'm also in Canada! Just the other side of it. I live in the city where Roosh V got beer dumped on his head. 🙂 And my dad's from Maine. I just feel kind of… provincial?… not having been a lot of places, so sorry for my alien-from-Mars sort of questions ("Are motor vehicles a status symbol in your culture? Hm, how interesting.") 😀
@wwth – Minneapolis-Saint Paul seems a bit like Montreal & environs – trafficky, with a lot of places joined to one metropolitan area. Probably could use more trains. Those things can be expensive, though. I'm paying around $115/mo for a combined train-bus pass and I'm not that far from downtown.
Redsilkphoenix: Jetpack Vixen, Agent of the FemiNest Collective; Keeper of a Hell Toupee, and all-around Intergalactic Meanie says:
Going back to the original topic for a moment, I have a question.
According to my extremely limited understanding of such things, 'honor killings' are generally done by a woman's immediate family. However, if these two links are anything to go by, Dookhran's immediate family do not sound at all happy about what happened to her.
https://www.google.com/amp/www.getwestlondon.co.uk/news/local-news/celine-dookhran-murder-family-pay-13392019.amp
https://www.google.com/amp/www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4750098/amp/Inquest-hears-honour-killing-victim-19-throat-cut.html
Assuming they're not putting on a show for the press, they seem genuinely upset by the murder. Especially, if as reported in some sources, the killer is one of their relatives (I'm guessing some degree of cousin IF that's true, but that's only a guess, not fact).
So who, according to London's rumor central anyway, is supposed to have ordered the 'hit' for this to be considered an honor killing? The parents were reported to have disapproved of Dookhran's dating an Arab guy, but that wouldn't necessarily mean they wanted her dead because of it.
Is this killing more likely a case of the parents going "will no one rid me of this meddlesome priest" in front of the wrong people, or more like two guys who wanted to assault and kill some women choosing two whom they thought were 'safe' to kill by their community's standards?
Any thoughts on this, those who know way more about honor killings, Indian Muslims, and London than I (barely) do?
ETA minor typo and grammar fixes.
Lady Mondegreen says:
If you look a woman in the eye and call her a n***er-fucking whore, she will remember that for the rest of her life
Sorry, sweetie, but you would be forgotten in a hot minute. You're not the only random asshole in the world, and most of us really don't obsess over the things random assholes say to us.
Jesalin says:
I think that there's a need for a concise term for, essentially, someone who is deliberately divorced from reality. I.e., the recent Juicebro thread where David wondered if he'd gone "off the deep end".
For them and those who have the critical-thinking skills of the average banana, I prefer 'shit-witted or semi-sentient shit sack'.
Buttercup Q. Skullpants says:
If you see these people in Walmart, for instance, look the white woman directly in the eyes and say "how does that n***er dick taste, whore?"
If this Trump-era white-dude-disinhibition fad continues, pretty soon they'll be masturbating in the streets and flinging feces. These are the creators and keepers of civilization?
Banananana dakry: Fat, Short-Haired, and Deranged says:
@Buttercup Q. Skullpants
IOW, they will have the same morals and behaviors of a chimpanzee in a zoo and for less reason. And yet somehow they will try to spin public wanking and shit-flinging as an inherently superior behavior that sustains civilization.
My head and the wall want to make friends now.
Ohlmann says:
@Jesalin : I am not against calling them name, but it can be good indeed to have a term to distinguish people who have a mental diseases, and people who use their brain wrong.
@Redsilkphoenix
I know next to nothing about honour killings, but I was asking myself why a honour killer would rape them first?
Then I remembered this: http://women.ncr-iran.org/iranian-regime-s-misogynist-laws/1825-female-prisoners-who-are-virgins-must-be-raped-before-execution-to-prevent-them-from-entering-heaven
So, yeah… I don't even know what to say about that…
YV says:
"Definitely not as bitter as yours, asshole."
What the hell is up with these people thinking that all dads just despise the idea of their daughter being in an interracial relationship?? Not every man older than 50 is a racist POS.
If I came home with a black boyfriend, worst case scenario would be that my dad would make him listen to all his jazz records.
Alan Robertshaw says:
@ redsilkphoenix
So who, according to London's rumor central anyway, is supposed to have ordered the 'hit' for this to be considered an honor killing?
For prosecution, and sentencing, purposes it's irrelevant who actually initiated or committed the murder; it's the motivation that counts. Theoretically a totally unconnected third party could commit a murder and it could still be an honour killing, even if all the family and friends were completely happy for the couple.
It's rather like Nazi's attitude of calling people 'race traitors' even if the actual people involved think the whole concept is daft. If a Nazi committed a murder to 'uphold the honour of the white race', then that would fall within the definition; even though he had no prior connection with the victim.
Hope that makes some sense. Here's the CPS guidance on the issue.
The definition of honour crimes we use is the cross government definition namely that Honour-based violence is a crime or incident which has or may have been committed to protect or defend the honour of the family and/or community.
TheKND says:
It's such a weird and alien mindset to me. These people claim to love their race and culture, but they are so eager to surrender all decent parts of it and become just as vile as the "inferior" races that they hate.
Oh, and kids, don't ask random women in Walmarts how "n***er dick tastes like"! You come off as very jealous. There is enough n***er dick for everyone
"Free samples are thataway. I think today is chocolate chip cookie day, though."
Schnookums Von Fancypants, Ghostface Fancypants Killer says:
Ah, a vital part of America's favorite pastime. Who can forget cheering for your favorite baseball team while the vendors walked up and down the aisles "Get yer n***er dicks! Red Hot N***er dicks! Two for a dolla!"
Robert Walker-Smith says:
I just remembered a conversation with my younger sister about my first husband. He was Chinese-Panamanian, and I was somewhat uneasy about introducing him to my father; I was just out of college and this was my first really adult relationship. As it turned out, they got along just fine.
She told me, "Don't you get it? You were Dad's last hope for a Catholic son-in-law and you came through."
Scildfreja Unnyðnes says:
@Fiqah, <3! It's okay my duck!
@Troubelle, and #Driving,
I only got my learners' and drivers' when I was 25. A year later I was navigating dense traffic, and a year after that I was working in another city entirely, with a five hour drive when I wanted to visit home. My income had tripled and my work was much, much more secure.
It feels intimidating – I remember that! But it isn't so bad once you're settled. The only thing I can really suggest is that when they tell you that you should keep a big buffer of space in front of you, they mean it. Driving is not really about pointing the car in the right way. That bit's easy, honest. The important part is communicating to other people what you're doing, and making sure they (and you) have the time to respond.
You can do the thing!
@epitome of incomprehensibility, woo, canadafriends! Don't worry about feeling provincial. You are! You're from a province after all. Here in Alberta our cities aren't that big, and they all sprawl – the city limits are very wide and they're just lines on a map, so suburban creep is a huge issue. Makes our buses and light rail really inefficient (ineffective?), moreso than the east coast cities I've visited. Like, there's a legitimate issue in how long it can take to get around on a bus compared to a car, because the routes have to be so long. Troublesome!
@GrumpyOld SocialJusticeMangina
Mental illness is a hardware problem, a structural or chemical dysfunction that makes it more difficult for a person to function. You may well be able to treat the issue, but you can't remove and replace the brain. The issues I'm talking about are poor reasoning and critical thinking skills, which I see as analogous to programming/software issues — you might be able to correct these deficiencies with better education, at least at earlier ages before a person's beliefs have been ossified.
goes cross-eyed
Erm… the metaphor between brain "hardware" and brain "software" is … oh, dear. Well. It's bad. Shudderingly bad. I don't fault you for holding to it my duck! Everyone does it. It's basically a modern interpretation of mind-body duality, and we have an strong impulse to think that way. Daniel Dennett does a great job talking about this in a lot of his writing. It's by far the most common and most intuitive way to think about how the brain works. So please don't think I'm picking on you!
It's just, well. Wrong. Wrongety-wrong. What you're calling "software" is the "hardware". Mental illness can and and often is based on bad thinking habits. Those bad thinking habits are indistinguishable from the biological process on which they are based.
How we think now affects how we think later. How our brains operate now influences how our brains operate later. This is two ways to make the same statement.
Now – your actual point! I completely, 100% agree that we need to improve education when it comes critical reasoning skills. We need to do this so very desperately. Mental hygiene should be taught alongside sex ed, health classes, and PE! Should be a requirement! How to be self-critical, how to investigate a subject, how to avoid biases. All directed at self improvement and not directed at critiquing or correcting others. Yes please!
As for a word-that-means-poor-reasoning-skills, I'm sort of with Axe in that it'd be co-opted by ableism. The ableism problem is that we associate mental issues with bad behaviour, and use words to express that. Adding a new word to a slice of that bad-behaviour side of the network would automatically associate it with the other ableist language. It would start the hard work of breaking those associative links, though, if it was properly chosen to associate with people-who-have-mental-issues-are-not-bad words, though. It'd have to be chosen very carefully, and language doesn't really work that way.
I suggest that instead we focus on calling them awful, instead of broken. Call out their poor reasoning skills directly if you want, but I think that calling them terrible without using ableist language would be more effective and natural at breaking the semantic links between ableist language and bad behaviour. Just my opinion, though!
@Scildfreja
I don't know if high schools still do this today, but when I was in high school in the 1980s, we were required to take a course in media literacy. If today's schools don't, they need to.
Maybe if older generations had taken this course, so many of them wouldn't be hooked on Fox News.
Ellesar says:
look a woman in the eye and call her a n***er-fucking whore
I know that this is not meant to be funny, but what Anglin has totally missed is that a lot of men shout vile abuse at women from the safety of their cars already. Just walking down the street minding one's own business can be enough to be subjected to verbal abuse.
Those of us who have experienced this on an industrial scale just learn to block it out – rather like the best way to cope with a crying baby who does not respond to soothing. And if a man did that to my face I would just think that there was something wrong with him – and I'd be right!
Yes, vicious abuse is something we do not forget, but tbh there is such a range of it that being called a n****r loving w***e once by a Nazi is going to fade into obscurity behind all the threats to our body integrity and safety (yes, I am talking rape threats, but lots of other stuff too).
You would think that Anglin MIGHT be able to work this out, as surely he must be aware of how much misogyny is in daily life – seeing as he embraces it himself.
TBH the death of Dookhran was not down to Islamist extremism so much as the attitude of those particular men towards Arabs. Certainly the ownership of women by men that is part of fundamentalist ideology creates the mindset that makes it possible, but ostensibly the shame was around her dating 'outside her race' rather than religion, and that is even closer to Nazi thinking.
That was part of English class (now called Communications) for me. By the time I finished that unit I was paying close attention to the way various media presents information. The words that are used, the words that aren't used, the phrasing, etc. It really needs to be taught!
Critical thinking skills need to be added back into the curriculum too!
@Scild
The ableism problem is that we associate mental issues with bad behaviour, and use words to express that. Adding a new word to a slice of that bad-behaviour side of the network would automatically associate it with the other ableist language
Yep! Thanks for wording it all fancy like 🙂
Racism wasn't much of an issue for obvious reasons
Imma need you to explain that one. Cos all I see is your community being seeped in and based on racism. Unless you were being sarcastic. In which case, humorous indeed 🙂
This was my first exposure to outright racism, and I was shocked. So, while I know that there isn't any way that I could have grown up white in the US in that period without some dose of racism, I think I was lucky enough to have gotten a fairly weak dose
This just shows the blinders you had. Again, the fact that you only ever interacted with 1 brown kid in school, cos literally everyone else in your town was white is because of the outright racism you only think you first saw in SF. You got the full dose, fam. That's what it looks like
it's virtually impossible not to have acquired some degree of racism as a white person growing up in the US, but IMO that doesn't mean you are doomed to being a racist person
Remember when I said that I agreed that it's not individual failures of individual white persons? That it's a collective failure among white people as a group? Yeah. Read that part again. Cos your #notall is boxing shadows
My point is that instead of helping racism to die out, the Republican Party has cultivated and nurtured it
Problem with this narrative is that the Republicans didn't encourage racism in a vacuum. They accepted the racists that fled the Democrats after the Rights Acts of the 60s. VRA passes in 65, Nixon takes the south in 68. As I said, the southern strategy and the propaganda machine refocused racism that was already there. Total racism didn't increase, it just changed animal mascot
The Republican racist campaign depends on fairly sophisticated, well-financed techniques to keep poorly-educated people scared and angry. So it seems to me that dismissing the results of such a campaign as "Well, they were racists anyway," basically concedes that white people are racist by NATURE and there's really not much you can do about it
Yes, people are, largely, scared and angry by nature. They don't need to be kept that way. They just need to know who to be scared of and angry at. Jews used to be despised back in the day, then something something Israel, and, all of a sudden, those same racists are fawning over their 'Judeo Christian values.'
As far as white people specifically, you're missing the forest. White folk aren't genetically predisposed to racism or anything. Black folk, indigenous folk, Latinx folk, Asian folk, etc etc are just as scared and angry as white people. They just have something worth being scared and angry about: fuckin white folk
I don't blame you the slightest bit for feeling the way you do
as a white person I'm not prepared to accept that white racism can't be ameliorated and maybe even cured. Unfortunately for me, part of the cure is that my generation has to pass away
Oh, it can be ameliorated. A more diverse country does that automatically. Both by there being a smaller percentage of white people to fuck everything up for the rest of us and cos people are less bigoted when they know, live around, work with people who're different than them. I don't care about fixing individual racists. No time, no spoons, not my job. A better society to live in, on the other hand, comes from a more melted pot. So, yeah, wish you, as a person, a long and healthy life. But y'all as a gen gotta go
@Jesalin
I'm happy to hear it's part of the curriculum. Although, it seems to me, young people today are savvier to media's various manipulations than older generations tend to be. Could be because of the internet.
Yes, critical thinking needs to be taught to everyone in the US, not just the kids. I'm not exempting myself.
I'm not sure if it is anymore, it was when I went to school though…about 25-30 years ago. I still remember the section on subliminal advertising, I never looked at TV the same way again.
Virgin Mary says:
@dormousing it
I can drive a car, I know I can, but even at 40 I have had a terrible mental block about it. My father would never let my mum drive, as he said women were terrible drivers, and was always making jokes about it to his mates. He also thought it would help to keep her at home if she couldn't drive off and leave him, and he wanted to save money, he had control of all the finances and her having her own car was out of the question. I wanted to learn to drive at 17, and he second to sit with me, but he kept swearing and grabbing the steering wheel all the time and made me lose my nerve. He died in 1998, and I still feel too shaky to get behind the wheel. I tried a few driving lessons three years ago, and it was going great until I got assaulted, then I lost my nerve again. I really hoped I'd get back into a position of confidence where I coukd drive, but I still feel like as a biological female I'm incapable of it. 🙁
<3 Virgin Mary. Maybe try go-karts or bumper-cars? The principles are the same, and they're designed to be bonked into things. Also, can be fun!
mrex says:
@Schild
"Even our cities are planned out to favour driving so heavily that they can be hard to get around in if you walk. Major roadways often don't have sidewalks,"
Sidewalks? Oh, you mean those things that are used by cities to shove mountains of snow onto during the winter? ;p
"Designed to suit cars and trucks instead of growing overtop of older pre-automobile systems, strictly enforced traffic laws, and a population that has the basics of traffic law and safety drilled into them as part of their childhood education."
I get that you're comparing the US to India, but I still wonder where the hell you're referencing in the US? Certainly not many cities in the Eastern seaboard. Or at least not the ones that haven't been burned down and rebuilt.
@Axe, GOM
"No. If you're convinced by propaganda to hate people cos they're a different color than you, you're a racist."
They're certainly racists, but I think "brainwashing" is a better word to use than "propaganda". Especially since the target audience includes small children.
It's a long, long road to combat internalized racism, and it is 100% on white folks that more of us don't do the work.
@mrex
I think "brainwashing" is a better word to use than "propaganda". Especially since the target audience includes small children
Propaganda is a tool, brainwashing is a process…
Also, I don't like the term brainwash for small children. Brainwash implies they're being reprogrammed. That they thought one way, but that view was washed from their baby brains . Except no. It's not brainwashing, it's regular, basic teaching. It's the banal lessons and cultural learning inherent in growing up white in a white supremacist society. That's what white people need to understand. It's just how the machine works. Same with my sexism. I wasn't brainwashed to have misogynist thoughts and beliefs. I literally couldn't help picking those things up simply by being male surrounded by patriarchy
It's a long, long road to combat internalized racism, and it is 100% on white folks that more of us don't do the work
When you use the word "internalized" before racism, you're referring to brown people's racism. Thus, you're saying that it's white people's job to deal with the racism exhibited by PoC, not their own. I'll assume you meant that white people need to police themselves and each other. Which I obvs agree with. Just watch your wording, eh?
Lumen8 says:
I got to this part:
So I'm just going to throw this out there: imagine if white men cared thi–
Jaw dropped, brows furrowed, low, long gasp of horror.
This blog makes me do that. A lot.
Then it got worse.
Why does fear drive these people directly into thoughts of horrible violence? The fear must be terribly, terribly great. I'm just perplexed as to how it gets so strong, in a world where most of them probably have no reason to be so afraid in the first place. Is it the anonymity? The silence? Boredom?
I want to say it's the availability of dark internet dens where they can bounce their hateful ideas and fantasies off one another, like everything else in the Manosphere and the dark, racist corners of the internet, but that just leads me back to the realization that there's nothing to be done about that, other than trying to coax a few out into the light again.
And… well. Fat chance of that ever happening.
What a depressing thought.
(((VioletBeauregarde))): Crooked Nasty Social Justice Necromancer says:
It never ceases to amaze and disgust me how anyone can hail a fucking murderer as a HERO! Also, I just *love* how Anglin refers to white women as "our women". I belong to nobody but ME, fuckface!
That finance douchebag on Tinder is a perfect example of pickup artistry gone wrong September 6, 2014
ENTIRE WEEKEND OPEN THREAD DANCE PARTY June 3, 2011
On Fox News, the painful realization that white dudes are no longer the center of everything November 7, 2012
Open Thread for Personal Stuff: Late July 2015 Kitten Hug Edition July 21, 2015
World contemplates Armageddon, Trump goes golfing: Today in Tweets August 9, 2017


text:
Une voiture-lits, appelée aussi wagon-lits ou cabines, est une voiture de chemin de fer conçue pour transporter des voyageurs couchés dans de vrais lits, comprenant matelas et literie, ainsi qu'un coin-lavabo-toilette (voire une douche) la plupart du temps, contrairement aux voiture-couchettes qui sont partagées avec d'autres voyageurs. Le service à bord des voitures-lits propose du petit-déjeuner à la collation au champagne, servis en cabine. Ce type de voiture permet de voyager de nuit et de jour dans des conditions optimales de repos. Elles sont équipées de cabines privées, préservant l'intimité des voyageurs, particulièrement adaptées aux grands voyages. En position « de jour », un canapé ou des fauteuils permettent de se reposer. En position « de nuit », les lits, rabattus auparavant contre la cloison, sont préparés par le conducteur des wagons-lits.

Voitures

C'est à George Pullman que l'on doit l'apparition des premières voitures-lits en 1863 aux États-Unis. Mais le « wagon-lits » à l'européenne a été conçu par le belge Georges Nagelmackers, fondateur de la fameuse Compagnie des wagons-lits, aujourd'hui française.

Voiture type S
En 1922, les voitures type S (pour Steel « acier ») sont les premières voitures de la CIWL à caisse acier. Elles inaugurent la fameuse livrée bleu et or (les anciennes voitures étaient en teck couleur bois) et peuvent rouler à .

On distingue les séries S1 (1922-1929), S2 (1923-1926), ST (n° 2695 à 2699, 1926), S4u (n° 3361 à 3390, 1928) et SG (n° 3432 à 3455, 1929) qui forment un ensemble de 189 voitures, produites jusqu'en 1930 par divers constructeurs français, anglais, italiens et autrichiens.

Équipées du chauffage autonome, décorées avec de la marqueterie, leur capacité initiale de 16 places a été portée à 20, 22 et 24 places.
La ST « tourisme » propose 24 pl. en 12 compartiments. En 1929, la SG propose 17 places (4 compartiments « double », 3 compartiments « single » avec toilettes et 3 « double » avec cabinet de toilette. D'autres proposent des compartiments de 3 lits en  et circulent dans les trains Taurus-Express (Istamboul-Alep-Bagdad) ou Anatolie-Express. Les SG ont commencé à s'effacer devant les types Y à partir de 1948. Plusieurs voitures seront fournies à l'Espagne en 1958. Certaines d'entre elles auront 13 places et un coin bar.

Quelques exemplaires sont sauvegardés pour le service régulier du train de luxe Venise-Simplon-Orient-Express.

Voiture type Z
En 1926, les voitures-lits type Z inaugurent des compartiments à cloisons dites « en Z » qui permettent une meilleure répartition de l'espace disponible. Leurs 11 compartiments offrent 22 places, 26 pour les ZT à 4 compartiments triples ou 36 pour les Z3 à 12 compartiments triples.
Elles sont produites en 100 exemplaires par Breda (2712 à 2715), Miany (2716 à 2719), O.E.F. (2720 à 2721), O.M.R. (2722 à 2731, 3648-3662, 3768-3777), O.E.F. Méridionale (2732 à 2736), Nivelles (2789 à 2818, Z3 3033 à 3042), C.G.C. (3043 à 3052, transformées en ZT en 1936-1940) et E.I.C. (3311 à 3340, 1927).

Voiture type Lx

Les voitures-lits Lx (abréviation de luxe) de la CIWL ont été produites à 90 exemplaires à partir de 1929 :
 30 voitures (3466 à 3495) fabriquées au Royaume-Uni par les ateliers Metropolitan Cammel Carriage & Wagon Company à Saltey (Birmingham).
 60 voitures (3496 à 3555) fabriquées par EIC à Aytré.

Elles sont reconnaissables à leurs portes avec fenêtre en forme de calisson, marque d'un service haut de gamme. Décorées par Nelson, Maple et Prou, elles présentent d'élégants motifs en marqueterie ou en laque. Elles offraient à l'origine dix compartiments « single », dont huit jumelables en suite. Puis, avec la récession du début des années 1930, l'adjonction d'un deuxième lit dans certains compartiments a fait apparaître des voitures dénommées Lx14, Lx16 ou Lx20 selon le nombre de places offertes.
Elles sont équipées d'un chauffage autonome.
Entre 1966 et 1973, 51 d'entre elles sont acheminées vers les réseaux ibériques à voies larges.
En France, elles sont retirées du service entre 1971 et 1976 et achevèrent leur carrière en Espagne et au Portugal vers le milieu des années 1980. Certaines de ces voitures, entièrement restaurées dans les ateliers d'Ostende, en Belgique, entrent dans la composition de l'actuel Venise-Simplon-Orient-Express.

Voiture type Y

À partir de 1930, les voitures-lits Y, équipées d'un local destiné au service, peuvent être utilisées de façon isolée dans un train. Leur construction s'est étendue de 1930 à 1955.
Elles étaient équipées de bogies Pennsylvania P puis, en 1940, de bogies type PPs utilisant des boites à roulements.

On distingue selon l'aménagement des compartiments, les variantes :
 type Y, avec 11 compartiments de première classe à deux places,
 type YT, avec 7 compartiments de première classe et, aux extrémités, quatre compartiments à trois places, donc 26 places,
 type YT-u, identique au précédent mais les lits des compartiments de trois places sont escamotables,
 type Y-u, avec trois lits escamotables dans les onze compartiments, ce qui leur confère une plus grande modularité.

On distingue les séries de :
 1930 : 50 Ym fabriquées par De Dietrich (3588-3607) et EIC (3608-3627 & 3683-3692), à cloisons peintes,
 1931 : 40 Yb (3703-3742) fabriquées en Allemagne par Gebrüder Crede & Co. avec une finition plus soignée (marqueterie sur cloisons en acajou),
 1932 : 25 YTm (3743-3767) fabriquées par la Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company au Royaume-Uni,
 1939 : 55 Yb avec bogies PP puis 63 autres en 1948 :
 3806-3809, Linke Hoffman, 1939,
 3810-3842, Nivelles, 1939,
 3843-3860, Breda, Milan, 1940,
 3871-3887, Ansaldo, 1950 (sans ceinture de caisse sous les fenêtres et à toiture soudée sans couvre-joints ; les 3871 à 3884 sont des reconstructions à partir de S, Z ou WR, à châssis à poutre centrale ; les 3 dernières sont reconstruites à partir d'anciennes Y),
 3888-3902, Nivelles, 1948,
 3932-3962, EIC, 1950.
 1940 : 10 YTb (3861-3870) construites par Ganz, puis 29 autres (3903-3931) en 1949 par Nivelles.

On les trouve dans les trains Riviera Express (Berlin - Cannes), Oberland-Express (Calais - Interlaken) ou Arlberg- Orient-Express (Calais - Vienne) aux côtés de voitures LX et Z car ces trains étaient ouverts aux trois classes jusqu'en 1956.

120 voitures seront modernisées par la CIWL ; 81 d'entre elles seront reprises par la SNCF en 1962.

De 1962 à 1964, les Ym sont reconstruites en Ub et les Yb en Uf avec des cloisons en stratifiés Formica.
Les YT « tourisme » sont reconstruites en YU « universelles » avec de nouveaux bogies plus confortables.

Ces voitures ont fait les beaux jours des trains Nord-Express (Paris - Copenhague / Stockholm et Oslo) et Direct-Orient (Paris - Belgrade - Istamboul / Athènes). Les dernières voitures de cette famille circulèrent en France, dans les trains de sports d'hiver vers la Savoie, jusqu'en 1987.

Voiture type F

Les voitures-lits type F, apparues en 1936, ont été conçues pour le service direct Paris-Londres avec transbordement sur train  ferry (Dunkerque-Douvres). Ces voitures à 9 compartiments doubles sont au gabarit anglais. Leur longueur est réduite à 19,2 m ; elles n'ont qu'une porte par face latérale. Ce matériel, d'un âge vénérable, a été retiré du service à la fin de 1980.
25 voitures ont été construites :
 série 3788 à 3799 par Blanc-Misseron en 1936,
 série 3800 à 3805 par la CGC en 1945,
 série 3983 à 3989 par la CGC en 1952.
La voiture-lits type F numéro 3792 est exposée au National Railway Museum de York, Angleterre. La numéro 3987 est conservée par le Chemin de Fer Touristique du Vermandois (CFTV) à Saint-Quentin, France.

Voiture type P

Les voitures-lits type P (WLA P, CIWL n° 4501 à 4580) ont été commandées en 1954 et livrées en 1955 et 1956 en 80 exemplaires par leurs constructeurs Nivelles, Carel Fouché, Ansaldo et Fiat. Elles ont été utilisées par les réseaux SNCF, SNCB, NS et ÖBB. Leur nom fait référence à leur concepteur, Albert Pillepich, ingénieur en chef des services techniques de la CIWL. Destinées à une clientèle haut de gamme, elles proposent, uniquement en , 20 compartiments d'une place imbriqués sur deux niveaux. Ces voitures à caisse inox (technologie Budd) et bogies N Schlieren pouvaient rouler à 140 km/h.

Elles étaient utilisées, au départ de Paris, vers Dortmund, Coire, Genève et Milan. Elles ont été proposées en , à titre d'essai, à partir de 1981 (en France) puis retirées du service en 1987, après leur mise en cause dans le déraillement du Nice-Paris.

En 1992, 17 exemplaires ont fait l'objet d'une modernisation aux ateliers CIWLT d'Ostende qui a porté leur capacité intérieure à 30 places (10 compartiments de 3 lits) et bogies Schlieren 27 pouvaient rouler à 160 km/h. Elles ont pris la dénomination de WLAB 30. Elles sont utilisées entre Amsterdam et Vienne.

La voiture-lits n°4550 construite par Carel Fouché est préservée à la Cité du train à Mulhouse.

Voiture type U

La désignation « voiture U » (pour « Universelles », c'est-à-dire à aménagement variable, de 1 à 3 lits par compartiments) s'applique à 3 types de voitures distincts :
 les voitures Um, Ub ou Uf de la CIWL, issues de la reconstruction entre 1953 et 1964, d'anciennes voitures Y, à 11 compartiments et 33 places,
 les voitures U de la CIWL, communément appelées UH, de 1957 à 11 compartiments et 33 places,
 les voitures U de la DSG à toit arrondi aux extrémités et d'une longueur portée à . Elles sont apparues en 1954 avec une commande de la DSG pour 10 voitures dénommées WLABC4üm-54, WLAB4ümg-54 puis WLABüm173 de 12 compartiments offrant jusqu'à 36 places. Elles ont été suivies par 77 voitures WLAB4ümg-59 puis WLABm174, de 11 compartiments et 33 places, à partir de 1959, produites par la compagnie Hansa. Elles peuvent rouler à . En 1967 puis en 1972, la compagnie DSG achète une nouvelle série de 75 voitures dénommées WLABümh-67 puis WLABmh175, à portes Mielich et aptes aux . Après la réunification, les voitures U prennent la livrée rouge et gris de la filiale DB AutoZug.

Voiture type UH
Les voitures UH (Universal Hansa), livrées en réparation de guerre par la firme allemande Hansa Waggonbau (CIWL n° 4581 à 4600), ont fait leur apparition à partir de 1957. Une autre série de 20 voitures (CIWL n° 4601 à 4620) a été réalisée par Waggon- und Maschinenbau GmbH Donauwörth. Elles offraient 33 places réparties en 11 compartiments modulables, d'où leur désignation WLAB 33 et ont figuré dans des trains comme Le Train bleu Paris-Vintimille, le Nord-Express Paris-Copenhague ou encore la Puerta del Sol Paris-Madrid.
Malgré le retrait de cette série dès 1986, deux voitures-lits UH sont encore incorporées, après complète restructuration, dans le Sud-Express entre Lisbonne et Hendaye et vice-versa, jusqu'en 2010, année où ce convoi a été transformé en train-hôtel, équipé de matériel Talgo.
 Caractéristiques : longueur  ; entraxe  ; hauteur  ; largeur

Voiture type M
La CIWL prend livraison en 1964 d'une série de 20 voitures type M (n° 4741 à 4760) construites par FIAT. Elles sont équipées de bogies L dérivés du Y24 et disposent de 12 compartiments Double ou Single.

Voiture type MU
Ce sigle MU signifie « Modernes Universelles ». Cette voiture climatisée a été produite à 100 exemplaires par Waggon- und Maschinenbau GmbH Donauwörth en 1964, tandis qu'un autre contingent était livré par Fiat en 1973 et dénommé MUF (10 sous-séries en tout). Avec leurs bogies L (n° 4701-36/61-75) ou Minden-Deutz type 4, elles sont aptes à 160 km/h. Leur aménagement à 12 compartiments offre de 12 à 36 lits. Elles sont pour la plupart propriété de la CIWL ; la SNCF en achète 18. En Italie un petit groupe réservé à la  est dénommé type M.

Les FS achètent 91 voitures supplémentaires avec une livrée spécifique pour leur usage intérieur. Une modernisation est à l'origine des MUn des NS.

Voiture type T2

En 1968, la CIWL lance un matériel novateur pour l'élargissement de la clientèle des wagons-lits : la voiture WLAB T2, dont le nom signifie « Touristes  classe », est la première à permettre de voyager en couple en deuxième classe. Son aménagement astucieux est constitué de dix-huit petites cabines, neuf à niveau, avec deux lits rabattables superposés convertibles en divan et, intercalées, neuf autres surélevées, avec divan fixe et deux lits hauts parallèles ; soit un total de 36 places.

Devant le succès de ces voitures, la SNCF fait l'acquisition, entre 1973 et 1975, de 82 voitures climatisées dont plus de la moitié dans le cadre de l'Eurofima, et la SNCB de 6 autres. De 1977 à 1980 la RENFE reçoit 85 voitures.

Les T2 ont été radiées du parc SNCF en 2008 et vendues à l'étranger.

Voiture type T2s

La série T2s (CIWL n° 6401 à 6463), se reconnaît à ses baies de même taille et légèrement arrondies aux angles. Les 17 cabines, pouvant être jumelées grâce à une porte d'intercirculation, ne sont plus imbriquées. Les compartiments de première classe sont "single" (1 lit) ; ceux de deuxième classe sont "double" avec lits superposés. Elles ont été construites par Schlieren en 1975 en 63 exemplaires :
DB : 16 voitures WLABsmz166, immatriculées 61 80 75-70 401 à 416
FS : 33 voitures
CFF : 5 voitures
ÖBB : 5 voitures
DSB : 2 voitures
NS :  2 voitures
Elles sont montées sur bogies Minden-Deutz type MD6 et arborent toutes la livrées TEN bleue à l'exception des allemandes qui se distinguent par une livrée TEN rouge. Les FS font réaliser par FIAT une nouvelle série de 60 voitures en 1982 dotées de bogies FIAT type FW.

Trains Talgo nuit
Les premières rames Talgo de nuit apparaissent en 1975, affectées au nouveau « Barcelona-Talgo », premier train direct Paris-Barcelone.
Il s'agit de rames articulées à caisses courtes à 1 essieu, afin de faciliter le changement d'écartement à la frontière Franco-Espagnole. Basées sur le type RD III (), elles peuvent rouler à , sont climatisées et offrent :
 5 compartiments à 1 ou 2 lits en ,
 4 compartiments à 4 lits en .

En 1981, le nouveau pendulaire « Paris-Madrid-Talgo » (devenu ensuite « Goya ») dispose de caisses allongées à  et offre 5 compartiments en  comme en . Des compartiments Grande Classe avec douche sont également proposés. Il peut circuler à la vitesse maximale de .

En tout 592 voitures seront produites (voitures allemandes de la DB pour les liaisons nationales incluses).

Ces rames assurent les liaisons Madrid-Lisbonne et Lisbonne-Hendaye et ainsi que de nombreuses liaisons nationales en Espagne. En raison de la crise économique, les liaisons Barcelone-Milan et Barcelone-Zurich ont été supprimées en 2012 ainsi que, un an plus tard, les liaisons Paris–Madrid et Paris–Barcelone à la suite de la mise en service des relations de jour franco-espagnole TGV / AVE via la LGV Perpignan - Barcelone. Les liaisons nationales en Allemagne ont pris fin dès  et le matériel vendu à l'étranger. Une liaison directe Francfort-Barcelone est toujours en projet.

Voitures City Night Line

 La compagnie CityNightLine (CNL), émanation des Chemins de fer allemands (DB), des Chemins de fer suisses (CFF) et des Chemins de fer autrichiens (ÖBB), a lancé le  1995 ses premiers trains-hôtel avec des voitures-lits à deux niveaux (« WL2N ») climatisées. De couleur bleu nuit, longues de 26.90 m elles peuvent rouler à 200 km/h. Elles proposaient les niveaux de confort A « luxe » et B « confort », rompant ainsi avec les anciennes WLAB 33 modulables, et des compartiments variés :
 familles 4 personnes,
 doubles de luxe, spacieux avec douche,
 doubles simples sans douche.
Elles furent construites en Suisse en deux lots de 27 voitures :
 27 WLAB 34 (type WLABm) mixtes de 34 places,
 27 WLB 44 (type WLBm) avec 44 places de deuxième classe.

Après la disparition complète du réseau CityNightLine (CNL), effective au , quelques-unes de ces voitures-lits ont été rétrocédées aux Chemins de fer autrichiens (ÖBB) pour la création de leur nouveau réseau de trains de nuit Nightjet, tandis que la majorité doit être vendue d'occasion à l'Iran.

 Les Chemins de fer allemands (DB) ont reçu à partir de 2005 42 nouvelles voitures-lits de type WLABmz, baptisées Comfortline pour certaines lignes de leur réseau de trains de nuits internationaux CityNightLine. Ces voitures ont circulé en France jusqu'à la fin de 2014 (lignes Paris - Berlin, Paris - Hambourg et Paris - Munich - Innsbruck, ainsi que dans des trains-auto-couchettes d'Allemagne vers la Côte d'Azur et la Côte Basque). La dissolution du réseau CityNightLine en décembre 2016 a provoqué la vente de l'ensemble du parc aux Chemins de fer autrichiens (ÖBB) pour la mise en service de leur nouveau réseau de trains de nuit Nightjet.

Les rames disposaient aussi d'une voiture de service offrant un espace d'accueil avec bar et restauration (WRm), de voitures-couchettes (Bvcmz, Bvcmh, BDcm) de 40 à 60 places et de voitures à places assises avec sièges inclinables (Bpm), et si besoin d'un fourgon (Dmd).

Aménagements intérieurs
En  classe, les voitures-lits proposent généralement de larges cabines individuelles, appelées aussi « Singles », et des « Doubles », (deux lits superposés), dotées d'une décoration luxueuse associant souvent bois et tapis. Grâce aux portes communicantes, des cabines contigües peuvent former une « mini-suite ». De plus en plus de voitures-lits sont équipées de sanitaires privés, ce qui est notamment le cas des nouvelles cabines Premium du train Thello Paris-Milan-Venise (mise en service au printemps 2017). Certaines cabines « de luxe » (notamment celles des Chemins de fer russes) proposent en outre un coin-salon, un téléviseur privé et un mini-bar, les défuntes voitures Excelsior italiennes ayant même comporté une Suite nuptiale à un grand lit.

En  classe, il y a généralement des cabines T3, dont les cabines offrent trois lits superposés, parfois remplacées par des T4 (quatre lits superposés) dans la Péninsule ibérique et en Russie. En Amérique du Nord, mais aussi en Italie (T2s, pour les lignes nationales), en Scandinavie et au Royaume-Uni, notamment à bord du « Calédonien » (service Caledonian Sleeper) les cabines de la classe inférieure n'accueillent que deux voyageurs.

En France, outre les classiques voitures-lits dites Universelles (cabines Singles, Doubles et T3) les voitures-lits T2, lancées par la Compagnie des wagons-lits, proposaient des petites cabines individuelles en Première (Spéciales) et pour deux personnes en seconde classe (T2). Très populaires, elles ont néanmoins, peu après les Universelles, été retirées du service par la SNCF à la fin de 2007 et vendues d'occasion à l'étranger. Il n'y a plus eu, de 2008 à 2015, de liaisons intérieures par voitures-lits en France mais uniquement des liaisons internationales. Avec la reprise, en phase expérimentale d'une année, de la liaison Paris-Nice, en 2016, conjointement par la SNCF et les Chemins de fer russes (fournisseurs du matériel), c'est le grand retour des voitures-lits en France, même si l'exploitation de ce service ne reprend pas officiellement, pour le moment, l'appellation "voitures-lits", mais "Service première classe", avec des cabines individuelles, doubles ou à trois ou quatre lits, proposant même de disposer d'une douche. Ce service est suspendu, en attente d'un repreneur, depuis le .

Lignes
Les voitures-lits sont présentes dans le monde entier. Le plus grand réseau est exploité par les Chemins de fer russes (RJD) qui, au départ de Moscou, offrent des services directs aussi bien vers Vladivostok (le fameux Transsibérien, avec correspondance maritime vers le Japon) ou Pékin que vers Paris ou Nice et le reste de l'Europe. Les Chemins de fer américains (Amtrak) quant à eux, proposent des liaisons transcontinentales de New York vers Los Angeles et San Francisco via Chicago ou de la Californie vers la Floride. Depuis la France, la plus longue course est assurée par le Venise-Simplon-Orient-Express Paris-Istamboul (avec des départs irréguliers) suivie par celle du Trans-Européen Moscou express Paris-Moscou (un à trois départs hebdomadaires, selon la saison) toutes deux au départ de la gare de l'Est.

France
En France, la clientèle des trains de nuit a subi une forte érosion. En effet, le TGV a si considérablement réduit les temps de parcours nationaux que le voyage nocturne a semblé perdre de son attraction, mais c'est aussi une absence de promotion due à la politique "tout-TGV" de la SNCF ("oubli" de l'offre voitures-lits dans les documents Lunéa, opacité de la réservation sur le site Internet, restriction permanente de l'offre, non-rénovation du matériel) qui a fait chuter le taux de fréquentation des voitures-lits à moins de vingt-cinq pour cent  sur les trois dernières lignes intérieures et frontalières (Paris-Nice-Vintimille, Paris-Briançon et Luxembourg-Metz-Nice), et conduit à l'extinction complète de ce service sur les lignes nationales le , ainsi qu'à la vente d'occasion de ce matériel d'élite à l'étranger. Toutefois, devant la demande pressante de la clientèle qui déplore ces suppressions, la SNCF, en février 2015, s'est rapprochée des Chemins de fer russes (RJD) pour lui confier l'exploitation de certains trains de nuit avec de nouveau des voitures-lits, sur les grandes lignes nationales, en remplacement prochain des Intercités de nuit vieillissants et n'offrant pas, avec de simples voitures-couchettes et des sièges inclinables, un confort suffisant. La liaison Paris-Nice, inaugurée le  pour une période expérimentale d'un an, préfigure cette évolution. La SNCF a annoncé la suppression de la quasi-totalité de ses trains de nuit en 2016 et l'ouverture, au , d'un appel d'offres pour leur privatisation, amorcée, d'ores et déjà, par la reprise d'un service de voitures-lits (russes) entre Paris et la Côte d'Azur.

En ce qui concerne les liaisons internationales à longue distance, une clientèle haut-de-gamme, non seulement reste  fidèle mais revient à ce mode de transport et de nouveaux trains luxueux ont été récemment lancés: le Riviera Express Nice-Moscou en  ou, en décembre 2011, un nouveau Paris-Moscou plus performant, le Trans-Européen Moscou express, ainsi que le nouveau train privé de grand confort Paris-Milan-Venise (en 2011), le Thello, exploité par Veolia et la Compagnie des wagons-lits, en attendant le retour prochain, annoncé par la SNCF, d'une liaison régulière Orient-Express de grand confort entre Paris, Vienne et Istamboul. Toutefois, les liaisons de nuit CNL des Chemins de fer allemands, entre la France, l'Allemagne et l'Autriche, dont une partie du matériel était atteinte par la limite d'âge, ont été supprimées le , remplacées partiellement par des relations diurnes à grande vitesse par connexion TGV + ICE. En contrepartie, la relation directe par voitures-lits, entre Paris et Moscou, exploitée conjointement par la SNCF et les Chemins de fer russes (RJD), accepte, depuis juin 2015, les voyageurs effectuant le trajet Paris-Berlin et aussi le trajet Paris-Varsovie, depuis décembre 2015. Le réseau de trains de nuit européens Nightjet, initié par les Chemins de fer autrichiens, devrait desservir la France à partir de 2021, en proposant un service de voitures-lits de Paris vers Munich, Salzbourg et Vienne.

Au départ de la France, on recense, pour 2017, les lignes de voiture-lits suivantes, exploitées par la SNCF, des groupements de sociétés de chemins de fer ou encore des compagnies privées (les meilleures correspondances sont indiquées en italiques):
 Services directs classiques :
 (Londres) Calais-Paris-Zurich-Innsbruck-Venise/Rome/Prague ("Venise-Simplon-Orient-Express")
 Paris-Venise/Vienne-Budapest-Bucarest-Istamboul ("Venise-Simplon-Orient-Express")
 Paris-Nancy-Salzbourg-Linz-Vienne-Budapest-Istamboul ("Orient-Express SNCF")(date de mise en service non déterminée)
 Paris-Marseille-Toulon-St-Raphaël-Cannes-Antibes-Nice (Monaco-Monte-Carlo et Menton) ("Intercités de nuit") (service suspendu depuis le , dans l'attente d'un éventuel repreneur privé).
 Nice-Monaco-Vienne-Varsovie-Minsk-Moscou  (Saint-Pétersbourg) ("Riviera Express")
 Paris-Strasbourg-Berlin-Varsovie (Cracovie)-Minsk(Saint-Pétersbourg)-Moscou ("Trans-Européen Moscou Express").
 Paris-gare de Lyon-Dijon-Milan (Rome)-Vérone (Florence)-Vicence-Padoue-Venise-(Bateau vers la Grèce) (Train Thello).
 Paris-Strasbourg-Munich-Salzbourg-Linz-St Pölten-Vienne (train de nuit autrichien Nighjet)

 Services accélérés avec connexion par TGV : (// = gare de connexion indiquée devant la double-barre)
 Paris-Train de nuit Thello-Milan//-Bologne-Florence-Pise-Rome-Naples (TGV italien)
 Paris-Transeuropéen Moscou express-Moscou//-Saint-Pétersbourg (TGV "Sapsan")
 Paris-TGV-Lyria-Zurich//-Prague (Nouveau rapide autrichien de nuit Nighjet)
 Paris-TGV-Eurostar-Londres//-Édimbourg-Glasgow-Aberdeen-Inverness ("Calédonien", service Caledonian Sleeper)
 Paris-TGV-Alleo-Francfort//-Vienne (Nouveau rapide autrichien de nuit Nighjet))
 Paris-TGV-Alleo-Munich//-Budapest-(Bucarest) (Euro-Nuit "Kalman-Ire")
 Paris-TGV-Alleo-Munich//-Lioubliana-Zagreb-(Belgrade) (Rapide "Lisinski")
 Paris-TGV-France.Italie-Milan//-Ancône-Brindisi-(Bateaux vers Grèce, Croatie, Monténégro, Albanie... ) ("La Flèche salentine")
 Paris-TGV-France.Italie-Milan//-Messine-Catane-Taormine-Syracuse-Palerme-(Bateau vers Malte) ("Trinacrie")
 Paris-TGV-Atlantique-Bordeaux-Hendaye//-Saint-Sébastien-Coïmbre-Fatima-Lisbonne (Train-Hôtel "Sud-Express")
 Paris-TGV-France.Espagne-Barcelone//-Grenade (Train-Hôtel "Alhambra")
 Paris-TGV-France.Espagne-Barcelone//-Vigo et La Corogne (Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle) (Train-Hôtel "Galice")

Trajet le plus long
En , lExtrême-Orient-Express, affrété par la compagnie suisse Intraflug et la société Sony, et composé principalement de voitures-lits, a assuré la liaison Paris-Tokyo via Berlin, Varsovie, Moscou, la Sibérie et transbordement par bateau vers Yokohama, puis de nouveau par voie terrestre. Ce voyage de près de   reste à ce jour le plus long trajet ferroviaire direct jamais effectué. Ce train ne circula qu'une seule fois pour un trajet de 10 jours environ.

Le train Kyoto-Copenhague-Express'', affrété par l'ONU, partant du Japon début novembre pour une arrivée au Danemark le , début de la Conférence sur le réchauffement climatique de Copenhague, et dont la circulation  visait à prôner le retour du train sur les voyages à longue distance, égale le record précédent.

 Notes et références * Notes :* Références :'''

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Train de nuit
 George Pullman
 William d'Alton Mann
 Georges Nagelmackers
 Voiture de chemin de fer
 Voiture-couchettes
 Compagnie des wagons-lits
 Intercités de nuit

Liens externes
 Collection PPCWL sur les Wagons-Lits

Voiture de chemin de fer
Matériel remorqué hors service de la SNCF
Train de nuit

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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This may sound like an odd question, but finding out the answer may be the key to resolving your low back pain, knee pain or hip/buttock pain.
You might say, how would I know if my gluts aren't working properly? You can do some very simple tests yourself at home though. Try standing on 1 leg in front of a mirror, doing a single leg squat or jumping up & landing on 1 leg. Is there any difference between the two sides in terms of ability to do it, pain, balance, control of the pelvis? If so, this might indicate a gluteal muscle dysfunction.
Where are the gluteal muscles?
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Firefighters are rushing to the scene of a pile-up on the M25 which has closed part of the road and caused long delays.
Two lanes on the anticlockwise carriageway are currently closed between junction 28 for the Brook Street roundabout at Brentwood and junction 27 towards the M11.
The multi-vehicle accident, which is thought to at least involve one flat bed lorry and a car, has caused traffic to slow.
The vehicles have been moved to the hard shoulder, along with another four cars and one lorry and a fire engine is now at the scene.
Lanes one and two are closed as a result of the crash.
We'll be bringing you live updates as the situation progresses.
Normal conditions are not expected to return until 3.45pm. For more information, click here.
Queues are tailing back to junction 27 near the M11 slip road.
Traffic is now stretching back for about 5.2 miles or 8.5km.
Traffic was held while emergency services put cones out and closed lanes one and two (of four).
At least one flat bed lorry and car are involved.
All traffic is being temporarily held while emergency services attempt to move the vehicles.