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Two members of the Master Singers walk outside First Congregational United Church of Christ in Eau Claire. Four recorded concerts by the Eau Claire choir will air the next four Sundays on Wisconsin Public Radio's News and Music Network.
Photo by Sarah French
The Masters Singers, led by artistic director and founding conductor Gary Schwartzhoff, rehearse in spring 2019.
File photo by Spencer Nickel
Schwartzhoff
Despite season's cancellation, Master Singers music can be enjoyed on public radio and CD recordings
By William Foy Leader-Telegram staff
William Foy
EAU CLAIRE — While the Master Singers had to cancel their 28th concert season, choral music lovers have multiple opportunities to enjoy past performances.
Four of the choir's previous concerts can be heard statewide at 1 p.m. the next four Sunday afternoons on Wisconsin Public Radio. In addition, listeners can enjoy their music on CDs and recordings posted on the group's Facebook page and YouTube channel.
All of the broadcasts are airing on the "Wisconsin Classical" program, hosted by Lori Skelton. The first concert is titled "America, My Home 2016: Hairston and Hogan," featuring influential composers Jester Hairston and Moses Hogan, who are remembered for African American spirituals and other Black choral music.
The other three performances feature the choir's annual Christmastime concerts from the past three years.
"We're honored by this," said Gary Schwartzhoff, artistic director and founding conductor of the Master Singers. "We all know across the state of Wisconsin there would be a whole lot of possible artistic organizations that could do this as well as us, including a host from Eau Claire."
Skelton shared her appreciation of the Master Singers in emailed comments and a follow-up phone conversation. As she said during the call, when she listens to the choir, "I always expect to hear, in addition to very fine singing … really, really great choices in repertoire."
Skelton, a longtime member of the Milwaukee Symphony Chorus, noted Schwartzhoff's attention to contemporary American composers. "I'm just incredibly impressed with how devoted they are to furthering the choral repertoire," she said.
In past years, Skelton has aired the recording of the previous year's "Lessons and Carols" concert the Sunday before the Master Singers' live performance, she wrote. When she and Schwartzhoff spoke in June, it was clear there would be no live "Lessons and Carols" performance this year, so they made plans to air the 2019 concert early next month.
Skelton also arranged to have Schwartzhoff to send her a "best of" list from previous "Lessons and Carols" to be aired in December of next year – a selection process sure to be difficult because of the choir's wealth of strong performances.
In October, when WPR began planning for holiday programming in December, Skelton remembered the Master Singers' Hairston/Hogan program, which she had featured in 2017.
"Those rousing spirituals would be the perfect thing to remind us of strong ties to tradition, when more and more of us are looking at a subdued, definitely-not-traditional, holiday season," she wrote. "Four Sundays between Thanksgiving and Christmas ... why not four Sundays of the ECMS?!!!"
For the "Lessons and Carols" programs, Schwartzhoff looks for international flair.
"They're all carols of the holiday season, but carols from around the world instead of focusing on American carols," he said. "There are a lot of other nationalities featured in the program, which we cite."
There also is a commissioned work for each year's concert.
About 15 songs are performed, including one hymn or carol the audience sings while the choir goes offstage for a quick drink of water.
At one time, the program featured about 15 lessons, but that has been changed to one lesson before each block of five carols "to be respectful of time," Schwartzhoff said.
Before airing a performance on her programs, Skelton, who also hosts "Afternoon Classics" on WPR, familiarizes herself with the piece.
As she explained in the interview, "When I sit down and I pull up each piece of music online, I find out who is the composer and were they working with new words, were they working with ancient text, when was it originally commissioned, and so how has Gary found it."
In looking at the 2019 program, set to air Dec. 6, Skelton recognized some pieces.
"There was one collaboration that was new to me," she said. "A Norwegian composer (Kim Arnesen) who collaborates very often with a Welsh poet, and the piece is 'His Light in Us.'" St. Olaf Choir commissioned the work in 2016.
"But then Gary is also including a 1953 motet, so there's this incredible range of what these musicians are bringing," Skelton continued. "And that to me is always a delight. Every time I get a CD from this group, I open it, and it is like opening a treasure chest — what am I going to find?"
Recorded riches
In its 27 seasons, the Master Singers have produced at least 40 recordings, Schwartzhoff estimated, not counting the ones made for archival purposes.
"For a group of our nature to have a discography of that size … that's a lot of music," he said.
Some of those performances can be heard, along with a still photograph of the choir, on the Master Singers' Facebook page and YouTube channel.
Four to six pieces are posted each month. With Christmas season unofficially starting in earnest, a couple of songs a week will go up, probably lasting through January, Schwartzhoff said.
Schwartzhoff stressed the importance of these outreach efforts in reminding people of the group's talent. "I guess in part that's why we're doing it, to indicate to people that this ensemble exists," he said.
The fall concert and "Lessons and Carols" were canceled earlier this year. This week the decision was made to forgo the spring concert as well. The main reason focuses on health and safety related to rehearsals and concerts.
"There are a few people that probably would go with it, but the majority of the ensemble, given their ages of 40 and above, and some 60 and above, are not going to risk their health, nor should they, to come for the purpose of ongoing rehearsals leading up to a public concert, he said.
First Congregational United Church of Christ, where Schwartzhoff serves as the church's director of music, is the Master Singers' home. In that role Schwartzhoff is preparing the church choir, which includes some Master Singers members, in rehearsals for a lesson and carol service on Dec. 24.
To see if the virtual arrangement would work from a technical perspective, they did a "test case" with the Gustav Holst hymn "In the Bleak Midwinter." That persuaded Schwartzhoff to proceed.
While the approach presents technological challenges, Schwartzhoff noted the importance of social interaction in the making of music.
To assist the choir, Schwartzhoff encourages supporters to take the following steps:
• Sign up for the YouTube channel, which is free.
• Make a donation, which Schwartzhoff said has been done generously, especially from the corporate benefactors.
• Buy a CD and share comments about those recordings on social media. Some DVDs also are available.
Giving a statewide audience a chance to hear talented musicians in their own region provides multiple benefits, Skelton pointed out. One is introducing listeners to group.
"That is the hope," she said. "The other side of that is just as important for those in a community who know an ensemble and already have a great deal of pride in what this particular group of artists has accomplished — to then turn around and be able to share that with others."
In that mission, Skelton also has featured west-central Wisconsin's Chippewa Valley Symphony Orchestra, the Eau Claire Chamber Orchestra and the Red Cedar Symphony among the 20-some orchestras on "Wisconsin Classical."
Furthermore, the broadcasts are streamed so they can reach an even wider audience.
"What if you are a member of the Eau Claire Master Singers, but you've got family in Pennsylvania or you've got family in Britain?" Skelton said, adding that the opportunity enables them to say: "'Guess what, Aunt Cathy? My group is going to be on the radio and on the computer. Finally you'll be able to hear me sing.'"
Skelton also looks to the future of musical organizations she features: "When they're ready to do a live concert again, maybe you'll want to go check it out."
Contact: 715-833-9214, william.foy@ecpc.com, @BillFoy1 on Twitter
Master Singers Programs
The following past concerts by the Master Singers will be featured on Wisconsin Public Radio's "Wisconsin Classical" program, hosted by Lori Skelton. The program is part of NPR's News and Music Network, which includes the stations WUEC (89.7 FM) in Eau Claire and WVSS (90.7 FM) in Menomonie.
• 1 p.m. Sunday — "America, My Home 2016: Hairston and Hogan."
• 1 p.m. Sunday, Dec. 6 — "Lessons and Carols 2019: Jesus. Jesus Rest Your Head."
• 1 p.m. Sunday, Dec. 13 — "Lessons and Carols 2018: The Huron Carol."
• 1 p.m. Dec. 20 — "Lessons and Carols 2017: Thy Little Ones."
Those programs, and many others, also can be heard on CD. To buy those recordings and for more recorded pieces by the Master Singers, go to themastersingers.net. For more about the choir, go to the website, facebook.com/TheMasterSingersEauClaireWisconsin, or the choir's YouTube channel: tinyurl.com/y2awoeeo.
For more about Wisconsin Public Radio, including hearing the performances via livestream, go to wpr.org.
Stirring Memories
All four of the Master Singers concerts airing on Wisconsin Public Radio will no doubt rekindle happy memories for audiences and choir members.
That's especially true of this weekend's broadcast for Gary Schwartzhoff, artistic director and founding conductor of the Master Singers.
"America, My Home 2016: Hairston and Hogan" presents the music of celebrated Black composers Jester Hairston and Moses Hogan, and Schwartzhoff got to work with both men.
Schwartzhoff took part in a workshop setting once or twice with Hairston, who died in 2000. In 2002, Hogan, who was inspired by Hairston, spent a few days on the UW-Eau Claire campus, where Schwartzhoff was director of choral activities from 1991 to 2016.
Schwartzhoff brought Hogan to campus for a few days in April 2002 that culminated in a public concert as part of the university's Artists Series. The performance included UW-Eau Claire's Concert Choir and Singing Statesmen, both directed by Schwartzhoff, and Women's Concert Chorale, directed by Alan Rieck. Also taking the stage was a faculty voice quartet.
The day of the concert, high school choirs were invited to visit campus and work with Hogan at a clinic; some of those students stayed for the concert.
During Hogan's stay, Schwartzhoff asked if they could record the Artists Series concert but was told that Hogan's record company restrictions wouldn't permit it.
"I said, 'Moses, this is too big an event to let it go,'" Schwartzhoff recalled. "'What if we did it for archival purposes?'"
Hogan relented "'as long as you promise you won't release it.'"
That turned out to be a fortuitous decision. Less than a year later, "(Hogan) was gone, and oh my goodness we have these treasures," Schwartzhoff said.
In fact, Hogan's parents asked for a copy of that concert. About five or six years after receiving it, they contacted Schwartzhoff again requesting another copy — the first one had been worn out from repeated listens.
-- William Foy
Master Singers
Gary Schwartzhoff
Lori Skelton
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This is the middle number in the analysis. Consisting of three premium turf type tall fescues this is a premium blend to be expected to perform very well in sun and moderate shade. Youve noticed an unattractive weedy looking grass taking over your yard lately.
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Crabgrass preventer is what type of herbicide. Make sure it includes quinclorac. By george edgar the experts on backyard farmer and the instructors in the master gardener classes always talk about having the right plant in the right place. How to use see the complete label for specific use rates mixing instructions and detailed instructions. Use this seed starter fertilizer with scotts bermuda seed.
Chances are the seed is dead that did not gerninate in the fall last year will not germinate this season anyway due to the frost and freezing from snow. A new ready to spray corn based pre emergent derived from locally grown corn and manufactured in north america. I think your better of just putting dimention 19 0 6 down. If you do it yourselftreat it first with orthos liquid weed and crabgrass killer.
The best weed killer for your lawn will depend on the type of weeds you have so its important to identify the weeds that youre trying to kill more on that later. This is fertilizer and pre emerge preventer. Weed stop for lawns plus crabgrass preventer granules will control all your lawns weeds in 1 application. Why cant i kill that weed in my yard.
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> Charles BACON 'FECIT' Islington, London. No 562
Charles BACON 'FECIT' Islington, London. No 562
Good keyless fusee movement with up/down by this little known maker, circa 1875.
Three-quarter plate fusee movement with cap jewels on balance (diamond), lever and escape, with Sutton's 'sliding-spring' keyless work. Single-roller detached lever escapement, the lever of unusual form and safety. Compensation balance, spiral balance-spring. Signed enamel dial with state-of-wind indication at 12, blued-steel hands. 43 mm diameter, 8 mm deep, not including centre arbor.
Charles Bacon, 37 Gerard St, Islington, recorded and an "escapement maker" who advertised as a "manufacturer of plain and complicated watches," and was a member of the BHI Council in his early years. Few items are recorded by him, but they do include a box chronometer and a longcase regulator. See his short obituary in the Horological Journal, May 1917, page 107.
The early history of keyless fusee work remains somewhat of a mystery, not the least because this type of sliding-spring keyless work is generally attributed to Sutton. However, no Patent was taken out by anyone named Sutton and the situation is made more muddy in as much as David Glasgow, writing in his book of 1885 (pp 267-268), illustrates a similar system that he claims to have made for many years, but writes that "the merit of its invention has been claimed by several people"
NB: This up/down movement is one in which the steel wheel holding the up/down hand is not mounted on a post but held in place only by its pipe being supported by its state-of-wind hole in the offset enamel dial - the system appears to work as well as any in my experience, but care is needed when placing the dial.
Fine hair crack in the dial, lacking the minute hand and the lever pivot or its jewel broken. Otherwise in fine original condition having only recently had its case scrapped - the continuing sad fate of many gold cased watches at this time. Not working, but an unusual if not unique lever variant and well worth repairing.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Is there way for a GWT program to tell if it's in hosted or web mode? I would like my GWT program to be able to determine whether it's in hosted mode or in web mode.  Is there a way to do this?
Thanks!

A: GWT.isScript() returns true in non hosted mode and false in hosted mode.
http://google-web-toolkit.googlecode.com/svn/javadoc/1.5/com/google/gwt/core/client/GWT.html#isScript()

A: Be careful with this.  You still can't run unemulated Java code in the statement.
if(GWT.isScript()) {
  //some code not in the JRE emulation here
}

The example code will cause compile time problems.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Kylie Jenner Reportedly Has a "Lot of Different Emotions" About Her Baby
As one does during pregnancy.
by Marissa G. Muller
instagram.com/kyliejenner
Kylie Jenner has seemingly vanished as her reported due date in early 2018 nears. The youngest Kardashian-Jenner was noticeably absent from her family's iconic holiday celebrations, she's been quiet on social media since Christmas, and she wasn't even in her family's famed holiday card. She did, however, make an appearance in the Kardashian-Jenners' recently released Calvin Klein ad, which, judging by her pregnant sister Khloé's appearance, was shot at the earliest over the summer. But, while we haven't seen Jenner in recent weeks, she is reportedly doing just fine. Apparently, she has been navigating her feelings around her supposed pregnancy.
"Kylie is definitely ready for baby to arrive!," a source close to Jenner told People. "Coming up on the end of pregnancy, there are a lot of different emotion. She's excited, she's anxious … there are a lot of feelings, but she's ready for what's next."
Of course, Jenner is completely entitled to experience those emotions in privacy, as she is to keep her possible pregnancy a secret. Earlier this month, a source close to Jenner revealed that she has chosen not to announce it because she's shared the rest of her life with the world. After a decade of living out her life in front of cameras, Jenner is reportedly happy to have this moment to herself, which is valid. "She spent her adolescent life on television and has been famous for over 10 years now," the source said. "If this is the first thing she wants to keep to herself, she should be allowed that. She's worked hard enough to do whatever she wants."
The social-savvy beauty mogul has also talked about eventually moving away from public life after she has kids. "Once I have a kid I'm not going to be on Instagram," she told Elle UK in December of 2015. "You know, I'll probably delete my Instagram and just… I don't know, live life… I would love to have a family and build a home with a farm in Malibu Canyon and just have my kids and throw away my phone, and just really, like, live my life and not do this anymore."
Then again, Jenner could also lean harder into the spotlight if she wishes, as a recent report suggested that she may rebrand herself as a "mommy blogger." "As soon as the baby is born, she will make an announcement and introduce the baby to her fans. She will also address the fact that she went 'dark' on social media and in the public," said the source. "Yes, she will release a photo, and yes, she will acknowledge the baby. She's excited to continue to be her authentic self, and that will soon mean being a mother and sharing that with her fans." Only time will tell.


The grandfather of the US President, George Bush, was a director of a bank seized by the federal government because of its ties to a German industrialist who helped bankroll Adolf Hitler's rise to power.
Prescott Bush was one of seven directors of Union Banking Corp, a New York investment bank owned by a bank controlled by the Thyssen family, according to recently declassified National Archives documents. Fritz Thyssen was an early financial supporter of Hitler, whose Nazi party Thyssen believed was preferable to communism.
There is no evidence that Prescott Bush directly aided that effort, and his position with Union Banking was never a political issue for Mr Bush, who was elected to the Senate from Connecticut in 1952.
Reports of Mr Bush's involvement with the bank have been circulating on the internet and been reported in the mainstream media for years. The newly declassified documents provide additional details about the Union Banking-Thyssen connection.
Trent Duffy, a spokesman for President Bush, declined to comment.
The government seized Union Banking in October 1942 under the Trading with the Enemy Act, but no charges were brought against the bank's US directors. The federal government was too busy trying to fight the war, said Donald Goldstein, a professor of public and international affairs at the University of Pittsburgh. "We did not have the resources to do these things."
Fritz Thyssen broke with the Nazis in 1938 over their persecution of Catholics and Jews, and fled to Switzerland.
He was later arrested and spent 1941 to 1945 in a Nazi prison. His brother lived in Switzerland from 1932 to 1947 but continued to operate businesses in Germany.
The new documents were first reported by a freelance writer, John Buchanan, in the New Hampshire Gazette.


The last thing you want going into your challenge is doubting whether you can actually go the distance, so prove to yourself you can. Building an endurance base is absolutely key. Tapping out the same workout over and over will not lead to the results you are looking for. If you have set yourself a big challenge, your training needs to build and go big in line with it. Endurance is about training your body and mind to keep moving when you are tired, aching and want to stop.
TOP TIP: Choose events or training sessions that are over five hours long. Double up your sessions by training twice in a day or doing back to back big training days on weekends.
Accept that this is going to be tough and that there will be moments when you want to stop and curl up in bed. On a 24 hour challenge, the hardest part for me is always during the night, dealing with being wet, cold or tired depending on the weather. When you feel utterly broken and like you have nothing else to give, you really need to harness your why and think about why you set yourself this challenge in the first place. When you break through those dark times and produce to goods to keep going, something magical happens. Those moments build inner strength that becomes an unbreakable park of you, and will stay with you for the rest of your life!
TOP TIP: Tap into the energy and support of the people around you. Remember why you are doing the challenge you've set yourself. You wouldn't be doing if it was easy. You've got this!
The most important element is the belief that you can do this. If this belief is water tight, you can do anything you set your mind to. Invest all your energy into doing the very best you can, rather than worrying that you are not good enough or won't be able to complete it. Worrying is a colossal waste of energy and you need all the energy you can to complete your challenge.
TOP TIP: In the lead up to your event, focus on the things that make you feel strong and positive rather than focusing on negative thoughts and self-doubt. Don't let them in!
You have to put in the hours, it is as simple as that. There is no better strategy than investing the hours in getting stronger, more efficient and confident in your sport. Use your commute to work, or any opportunity you can to swap being in the car or on public transport, with getting on your bike or out on a run. It's a great opportunity to practise your nutrition and hydration too.
TOP TIP: Join a club, or group to help you stay motivated and keep your training fun! Don't worry about being a beginner, starting at the back and holding people up or not knowing the ropes. Many people have helped me out on my journey when I knew nothing. Enthusiasm to learn and improve is always welcome! Sign up for my London to Paris training ride here.
In the months before the big day set a training challenge that will help you build confidence. With my London to Paris Sportive, I always recommend to aim for cycling 100 miles in one day. You never need to complete the whole distance of your challenge, but definitely do something that pushes you far enough to know what it feels like to dig deep. It's fun to have a training goal to work towards and completing it will help your body and mind get ready for what's to come.
TOP TIP: Set something that inspires you; that makes you feel scared and excited in equal measure.
The most important thing is to remember how incredible and invincible you will feel having completed your challenge, and the memories and stories you'll have forever. You have signed up for the adventure of a lifetime, go grab it with both hands!


A house blessing or what can be called a smudging, is pretty simple to do. Having the proper tools and the correct intentions are essential to this very spiritual ritual. An excellent cleaning will carry or remove energy from your house. When accomplished in the right method and with the precise intentions, it might enhance not only how you are feeling but in addition the way you relate to the people inside and outdoors of your private home. Thanks for sharing your experiences and obviously your insight and pain following really trying to carry body and soul together, Kylyssa (beautiful identify, by the best way). I work for a company that has two shelters (1 for ladies and kids and 1 for males). We have tried to deal with lots of the issues you handle – they usually're legitimate. One factor all of us possess is our testimony. Blessings in your writing. I enjoyed your cash rose lens – fun and informative.
I would fully agree. We had a beautiful residence that was 2 years previous. To start with it's COLD. Really cold. NOT energy efficient at all. Our electric bills are sky excessive. However the worst was yet to return!! The home leaks all over the place. Our insurance company mentioned there is nothing they'll do- all water harm. The Terra dome company mentioned they might not repair any of the problems. DO NOT buy a Terra dome.
Nighttime hunters, screech owls feed on rodents and different small mammals, insects and small birds. They swallow small prey animals complete, and tear larger victims into pieces. The bits of bone, tooth, fur and feathers that can not be digested are expelled as 'owl pellets' that usually accumulate below their roosting spots. Finding a pile of pellets on the base of tree is a good signal that there's an owl nearby.
I just found your site. My prayers for help have been answered. Bless you FamilyManLM! I have been plagued with invisible bugs, black moths, noseeums and others for years. Moving has been the one reply to a few of the infestations, however escape from one solely leads to another type of insect to combat, and some bugs simply follow us to our new place.
Often, after we go away, there's little in the fridge. So we flip it down-that is, flip the dial to a better number to make it warmer. No need for it to work so arduous to cool a virtually empty area. Most importantly, what's your price range. Should you want finance you could look into making use of for credit score via banks and so on. As soon as you realize your price range you are able to do a more in depth & detailed plan.


text:
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    do
        find -L "${framework}" -name "*.bundle" -d 1 | while read source
        do
            destination="${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${EXECUTABLE_FOLDER_PATH}"
            rsync -auv "${source}" "${destination}" || exit 1
        done
    done
exit 0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Broadcast drama at Sony TV
After making a name for itself as a producer of cable dramas with "The Shield," "Rescue Me," "Damages" and "Breaking Bad," Sony Pictures TV is hoping to build a similarly strong drama portfolio on broadcast TV.
By Nellie Andreeva, AP
After making a name for itself as a producer of cable dramas with "The Shield," "Rescue Me," "Damages" and "Breaking Bad," Sony Pictures TV is hoping to build a similarly strong drama portfolio on broadcast TV.
The studio has landed sizable commitments for several hourlong projects from seasoned creators: Jack Orman, Kevin Falls and Josh Berman at ABC and Peter Tolan and Ed Redlich at CBS.
They join a put pilot commitment at NBC the studio landed in July for a legal drama from "ER" showrunner David Zabel.
Sony began building a roster of drama writer-producers after the writers strike, when it signed Falls and Berman, and it added Tolan this summer. "That was a big part of our strategy — to go with proven showrunners and creative forces," Sony TV head of drama Sharon Hall said.
On the broadcast side, Sony is focusing on close-ended dramas, though it also is working on a couple of soaps, including the Falls project, and series adaptations of two movies from the Sony library, "St. Elmo's Fire" and "Heathers."
In developing for broadcast, the studio is taking a page from its cable shows.
"At the center of all dramas are entertaining and vibrant characters," Hall said. For instance, "Rescue Me" co-creator Tolan "took the loudness of the central character on 'Rescue Me' and brought it to broadcast TV, infusing the main character with the same kind of signature point of view."
Tolan's project centers on an eccentric professor (also working as a detective) in the vein of Steve Carell's character from "The 40 Year Old Virgin." Tolan is writing the show and exec producing with producing partner Michael Wimer.
Redlich's "The Remembrer" centers on a female FBI agent who remembers everything. That helps her career but makes for turmoil in her personal life. Redlich is exec producing with his wife, Sony-based Sarah Timberman, and her producing partner Carl Beverly.
Both shows have received script commitments with hefty penalties from CBS.
The untitled Orman drama centers on two long-feuding families, one of which populates the Chicago district attorney's office and the other in the city's most influential private law firm. It has landed a put pilot commitment.
Falls' "Merrimac Circle," which also has received a put pilot commitment from ABC, is a suburban mystery set outside D.C., where most families work for the U.S. intelligence agencies. They are rattled when an enigmatic man moves into the neighborhood.
Berman's drama, which has gotten a script commitment with penalty, centers on two female homicide detectives who are at crossroads in their personal lives.
Sony also continues to be focused on its cable dramas. Its freshmen "Drop Dead Diva," also created by Berman, and "Hawthorne" were recently renewed; "Lawman" was just picked up to series at FX.
Tolan, Orman, Berman and Redlich are repped by CAA. Falls is with WME.


text:
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What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that affects the way a person communicates and relates to people around them. At Alder Hey we are a commissioned ASD Diagnostic Assessment service for Children & Young People aged from 2 years to 18 years.
Children with ASD can find the world a confusing place and may have high levels of anxiety, despite their intelligence. ASD may impact on other aspects of behaviour too for example finding it hard to be flexible. Some children with ASD may have difficulties with sensory processing. These children may avoid certain sensory experiences (noise, smell, touch etc.…) or they may seek out these sensory experiences.
ASD can affect anyone, no matter what their ability or background. More boys than girls are affected, a ratio of 4:1. Although it is more recognised in boys there is growing evidence that it is common in girls as well they tend to present differently and may 'mask' their presentation. After 50 years of research, there is still no agreed explanation for ASD, but it is unlikely there is one single cause for it. There is no link between immunisations and autism, despite intensive research into this area.
This referral form can be submitted electronically by saving it into a PDF format and email it over to our Booking & Scheduling team refertoalderhey@nhs.net.
Click here to download the Alder Hey referral form
Click here to download the School Information Request form
Whilst you are waiting for the assessment, there are services both locally and at Alder Hey you can access for support.
Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) Statement
PDA Statement
The following position statement has been co-produced between Alder Hey Childrens NHS Foundation Trust, Education (Liverpool and Sefton) and Parent Carer Forums (Liverpool & Sefton) to ensure a shared understanding of Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) and how best to support children and young people with this profile and their families. We work together to ensure every parent/carer in Liverpool and Sefton feels that their voice, their views and their experiences matter and contribute towards developing and improving services to positively impact upon the lives of children and young people with SEND.
What is Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA)?
Demand avoidance is a common response to anxiety in children with and without Autism Spectrum conditions. In contrast, Pathological demand avoidance (PDA) is not common and is characterised by a continued and pervasive extreme resistance to everyday demands through strategies of social manipulation that originate from an anxiety-driven need to be in control.
The PDA profile of Autism can sometimes be difficult to identify and it's not uncommon for it to be missed, misunderstood or misdiagnosed, which may lead to poor outcomes for children and young people.
PDA was first described as a separate clinical entity by Elizabeth Newson and colleagues in Nottingham and almost all published research regarding PDA comes from this group. There is ongoing debate but most professionals believe that children described as having PDA fall within the autistic spectrum (ASD). Children and young people with ASD and a demand avoidant profile may respond to different strategies particularly in educational settings.
PDA does not appear as a separate diagnostic condition in nationally and internationally recognised diagnostic manuals such as DSM-5 or ICD-10. As there are no formal 'diagnostic criteria' for identifying a PDA profile of autism, Alder Hey does not make this a separate diagnosis. However, for a child or young person who has been assessed as being on the autism spectrum and presents with a demand avoidant profile, this will be recognised and described within the child or young person's assessment report as "ASD with a PDA profile".
Alder Hey will only consider recognising PDA as a profile within a diagnosis of ASD, therefore the assessments and information gathered as part of the diagnostic process must result in a diagnosis of ASD before PDA can be considered and recognised. Where there is no diagnosis of ASD, PDA will not be considered.
However, if PDA strategies are found to be helpful for the child or young person then we would suggest they are employed by parents/carers/school even when a diagnosis has not been reached, as ultimately it is the interventions and support based on the needs of the child or young person that are essential rather than focusing on further assessments and diagnosis.
What might a PDA profile look like?
Children and young people with a PDA profile may use a number of strategies in response to demands, including delay tactics, distraction, shouting, falling to the ground, saying body parts don't work, negotiating, escape, manipulation, aggressive or dangerous behaviour.
Behaviours that may be typical (but are not always) seen are:
 Resistance to / avoidance of everyday demands e.g. getting up, getting dressed, eating a meal or washing.
 Using 'social' strategies as part of the avoidance e.g. not just saying no, withdrawing, shutting down or running away, distraction, making excuses, physical incapacitation, withdrawing into fantasy, procrastination, controlling, reducing meaningful conversation or masking.
 Sociable, yet lacking depth of understanding
 Excessive mood swings e.g. difficulties with emotional regulation, rapid mood swings, impulsiveness and unpredictability.
 Comfortable in fantasy/imaginative play e.g. this can sometimes be to an extreme extent with other personas being adopted for a prolonged period of time.
 Displays of obsessive behaviour, often focused on other people
Some of these behaviours are a form of 'panic attack', often referred to as 'fight, flight or freeze' responses.
How do we support children and young people with PDA?
Children and young people with this profile do not generally respond to the traditional approaches recommended for autism and also tend not to respond to conventional parenting, teaching or support approaches
Often the child or young person responds better to a more flexible and non-confrontational set of personalised approaches. The most important thing is to gain a strong understanding of the presentation of the individual and to use approaches which are going to be most effective for them.
Schools can gain further information and support from here.
https://www.pdasociety.org.uk/
https://www.autism.org.uk/
http://www.seftonpcf.org/
www.livpac.org.uk
https://www.theisabellatrust.org/
https://www.liverpoolcamhs.com/
Liverpool SEND Local Offer
Sefton SEND Local Offer
Sefton CVS
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Harry has part of Voldemort living within himself. When Voldemort's spell rebounded when he first tried to kill Harry, part of Voldemort's soul latched on to Harry, which basically makes him and Voldemort the same person (that's why Voldemort didn't kill Harry in the forest, he essentially killed part of himself).
We know that the wands choose the wizard. Draco defeated Dumbledore and became owner of the wand, then Harry "defeated" Draco and won the allegiance of the Elder Wand. However, he did this when there was still a part of Voldemort's soul living within him.
So, when Voldemort killed Harry in the forest and the two had their final battle, why was the Elder Wand not conflicted on who its master was?
Did it not recognize the part of Voldemort that lived in Harry?
Why would the wand not answer to the both of them since Harry was still part Voldemort when he "defeated" Draco?
It was Harry who defeated Draco, not the Voldemort's part soul. Harry was simply hosting the soul piece - he was neither in the control of the part soul (he was able to use the free will) nor he used Voldemort's skills to defeat Draco. There was no reason for the Elder Wand to give Voldemort's part soul any credit for Draco's defeat, or for that matter to consider that piece inside Harry a "real person" to choose. That's why it chose Harry and ignored Voldemort.
Why didn't mastery of the Elder Wand move on from Harry?
How did Harry come to master the Elder Wand?
Can a wand choose two people?
Why is the Elder Wand aligned with Harry and not Voldemort?
How could Dumbledore ever become the owner of the Elder-Wand?
When did the Elder Wand realize its owner has been defeated?


Depression era Willys are a popular foundation for hot rods intended for gasoline-only drag racing events. They are typically stripped of a lot of weight, and the front end of the car is raised and set on a solid front axle. The engine is usually replaced with a more powerful one and a supercharger is added.
Founded by John Willys in 1908, Willys-Overland Motors was a U.S. automobile company headquartered in Toledo, Ohio. This company is chiefly famous for its production of military Jeeps for World War II and (later) civilian versions of those Jeeps, but among hot-roders the Willys cars produced prior to the war are highly sought after as well.
Depression era Willys makes very cool hot rods. They are cheap to buy and anyone can afford to buy a Willys. You do not have to a millionaire day trader, ceo or stock broker to do so. You can buy a car for a couple of thousands and turn it into a hot rod yourself. Their simple design and durable steel frame make them easy to work with.
When the Great Depression swept in over the United States, several of Willys-Overland's automotive brands became much less sought after than before. By 1933, Willys decided to make a break with the past and focus on something that was more suitable for the new economic climate: the 4-cylinder Willys 77 with a 100 inch wheel-base. Plans were also made for a 6-cylinder Willys 99, but since the company was in such dire straits financially they could only afford to put the Willys 77 into production. The launch of the Willys 77 was successful enough for the company to survive, although severely reduced in size compared to it's heydays before the depression.
A strongly contributing factor to the relative success of the Willy 77 was that Willys-Overland had managed to keep the price tag down to less than $500. The car also offered good mileage; 25 miles per gallon. The four-cylinder 145 cubic-inch engine of the Willy 77 produced a mere 48 hp, but the top-speed for the car was 65 mph. This would eventually catch the attention of the early hot rodders – the so called "lake racers".
For 1937, a redesigned version of the Willys 77 was launched. The body was now more streamlined and the windows slanted. A one-piece, rounded hood hinged transversely at the rear, and in the front the car had been given fender-embedded headlamps.
The 1930 model was marketed as an Overland or Willys Overland rather than just a Willys. It had an increased wheel-base (102 inches) and Lockheed hydraulic brakes, but the change that garnered the most attention was the introduction of a spiced-up 134 DID four-cylinder 61 hp engine.
Willys Americar was produced from 1937 to 1942, but only the 1941-1942 models were called Americar back then. (USA entered World War II in late 1941 and the car's name was changed as an act of patriotism.) Willys Americar was available as a sedan, coupé, station wagon and pickup truck.
Willys Americar eventually became a popular hot rod base, not because it was such a great car but because of its failures. The engine was notorious for malfunctioning, it was difficult to find reposition parts and Willys Overland Motors didn't really provide much assistance to Willys Americar owners. This made people more eager to start tinkering with the car on their own and customize it in various ways. Especially the coupé version of the Willys Americar was, and still is, a very popular base for hot rods. Today, it is actually very difficult to find a Willys Americar that is even close to somewhat original condition.
When the first Willys Americar was launched in 1937, the strong influence from its predecessor Willys 77 was evident. The following year, Joseph W. Frazer joined Willys Overland Motors and ordered various changes to make the Willys Americar more modern-looking and compact. During the following years, the car gradually became more and more Ford-like. By 1940, it strongly resembled something from Ford's DeLuxe series.
After 1942, Willys Overland Motors produced Jeeps for the military instead of making civilian cars. The 1942 Willys Americar was the final civilian passenger car from Willys Overland Motors until Willys Aero was launched in 1952.


Intel OverDrive processors are a category of various Intel CPUs that were produced to upgrade computers. ODP is the acronym for Over Drive Processor, however most OverDrives are ODPR (Over Drive Processor Replacement) chips: To upgrade a computer to a new processor you just replace it with the new one.
To upgrade a computer to a new processor you just replace it with the new one.
ODP chips in contrast were made for additional sockets on the main board, the Performance Upgrade Socket.


Arie Arnon, Monetary Theory and Policy from Hume and Smith to Wicksell: Money, Credit, and the Economy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.? xxii + 424 pp. $99 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-0-521-19113-5.
Reviewed for EH.Net by Thomas M. Humphrey, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond (retired).
The history of monetary theory from David Hume (1752) to Knut Wicksell (1898) is a history of the dawning realization that money cannot be left to itself, but must be managed to avert financial panics, crises, inflation, deflation, and depression. At the beginning of the era, economists saw monetary management as requiring nothing more than (1) a metallic monetary standard, (2) free convertibility of paper money into bullion, and (3) competitive banking. Both Hume — with his quantity theoretic price-specie-flow mechanism — and Adam Smith — with his real bills doctrine depicting competitive bankers lending against the security of commercial paper representing real goods in the process of production, together with his rudimentary monetary approach to the balance of payments — contended that as long as paper notes were freely convertible into gold bullion at a fixed price upon demand, the money stock, commodity prices, balance of payments, real output, and employment would take care of themselves and tend toward their natural equilibrium levels.
This conclusion was challenged by the suspension of the gold convertibility of the British pound during the Napoleonic Wars. Lacking a convertibility constraint to limit the banknote issue, the British money stock, general prices, price of bullion, and exchange rate (paper pound price of a unit of foreign currency) were free to rise and did so, thus provoking the question of whether an inconvertible currency could be governed to forestall these phenomena.
The Antibullionist defenders of the Bank of England?s willingness to tolerate expansions of the stock of paper money contended that the question was otiose because even an inconvertible currency required no regulation when issued against the security of real commercial paper representing real output, and anyway Britain?s inflated prices and depreciated exchange rate stemmed from real cost push shocks to the balance of payments rather than from monetary overissue. But David Ricardo, John Wheatley, Walter Boyd and other strict Bullionists excoriated this reasoning and maintained that an inconvertible currency, while theoretically capable of effective management by reference to, and targeting of, such indicators as the price of bullion, exchange rate, and gold flows through the balance of payments, could never in practice be trusted to the discretion of Bank officials whose profit incentives were aligned with overissue. For that reason, Bullionists advocated resumption of gold convertibility as soon as possible.? Only Henry Thornton and Thomas Attwood, both of whom feared the crises, panics, and depressions of real output and employment that gold drains and their attendant deflationary monetary contractions might bring under convertibility, saw the potential advantages of an inconvertible currency.?
In any case, the 1821 restoration of gold convertibility was followed by a succession of crises and recessions suggesting that convertibility per se was an inadequate safeguard to over- and underissue and needed supplementation with additional measures. The Currency School prescribed these measures in the form of Bank of England monopolization of and mandatory 100 percent gold reserve backing for the banknote issue.
The rival Banking School strenuously objected to these provisions even as they were being enacted into Peel?s Bank Act of 1844. The Banking School denied the necessity for statutory control of convertible notes on the grounds that the needs of trade and the law of reflux (according to which borrowers would return excess notes to the banks to pay off costly loans) automatically limited the note issue to the public?s demand for it, such that no excess could spill over into the commodity markets to cause inflation. The School also pointed to the impossibility of controlling the total circulation by means of mandatory gold cover of its note issue component alone since the public could readily resort to money substitutes — checking deposits and bills of exchange (both exempt from gold reserve requirements under Peel?s Act) — instead.? Most of all, the Banking School noted that the limitation imposed by rigid gold reserve requirements could hamper the Bank?s efforts to stem liquidity crises and bank runs through emergency expansions of paper money.
This recognition set the stage for Walter Bagehot?s classic 1873 description of central bank lender-of-last-resort policy: Satiate panic-induced demands for money by credibly committing to lend Bank of England notes without stint at a high interest rate to illiquid but solvent borrowers even if such temporary emergency lending means violating required gold reserve ratios.
Finally, the era?s high water mark of money management plans came with Knut Wicksell?s natural rate-market rate proposal for adjusting the rate of interest on loans of inconvertible, central-bank-controlled, purely-checking-deposit money in response to deviations of actual from target level of prices in order to stabilize that target index of general prices.
Arie Arnon, an associate professor of economics at Israel?s Ben-Gurion University, traces the foregoing history in his splendidly written book, which, as one of the more complete and systematic accounts of the development of classical and early neoclassical monetary thought, seems destined to take its place alongside such classics as Jacob Viner?s Studies in the Theory of International Trade, F. W. Fetter?s Development of British Monetary Orthodoxy, 1797-1875, David Laidler?s The Golden Age of the Quantity Theory, and D.P. O?Brien?s recent The Development of Monetary Economics. True, Arnon covers much the same ground as those authors. But his net value added consists of the reams of fresh detail he brings. Showing that there is nothing new under the sun, Arnon demonstrates that the same issues that divided twentieth century monetarists and non-monetarists as well as current macroeconomists — namely issues such as rules v. discretion, inflation as a monetary v. real cost push phenomenon , direct v. inverse money-to-price causality, central bank-determined v. market demand-determined money stocks, exogenous v. endogenous money, backing v. supply-and-demand theories of money?s value — were absolutely central to the nineteenth century Bullionist-Antibullionist and Currency School-Banking School controversies.
Unlike Viner, Laidler, and O?Brien, however, Arnon favors non-quantity theoretic over quantity theoretic approaches to the analysis of monetary policy. He also holds that the credit, or asset side of bank balance sheets, is more fundamental than the money, or liability side. Quoting J. R. Hicks?s assertion that historically and analytically money emerged from and is based on credit rather than vice versa, Arnon, citing Joseph Schumpeter?s famous distinction, prefers, he says, ?credit theories of money to monetary theories of credit.?
Fortunately, Arnon?s perspective doesn?t affect the story he tells — he gives ample, impartial, and balanced recognition to the quantity theory. But it does influence his choice of economists to highlight. For example, he devotes an entire chapter to Karl Marx, whose anti-quantity theoretic, credit-oriented approach to monetary theory and policy is, to this reviewer at least, entirely unoriginal, unhelpful, and derivative of Banking School ideas. Better to devote the chapter to unjustly overlooked and neglected early quantity theorists such as Pehr Nicklas Cristiernin, John Wheatley, and William Blake, all of whom, unlike Marx, contributed original and innovative ideas to the classical theory of monetary policy.
The chapter on Marx notwithstanding, Arnon is at his best when discussing the ideas of individual economists. In this connection, he lavishes careful and detailed attention not only to luminaries Hume, Smith, Ricardo, Marshall, and Bagehot, but also to key second-tier figures including Walter Boyd, Sir Francis Baring, Charles Bousanquet, Thomas Joplin, John Fullarton, and Henry Parnell, all typically glossed over in most histories.? Especially arresting is his treatment of Thomas Tooke and Robert Torrens, both of whom underwent 180 degree reversals in their policy positions during their careers, Tooke transmuting from quantity theoretical Bullionist to anti-quantity theoretical leader of the Banking School, Torrens from Antibullionist to quantity theoretical member of the Currency School.
But Arnon?s real superstars are Henry Thornton and Knut Wicksell, He exalts them because they and they alone recognized the central bank?s responsibility to function not merely as a lender of last resort that forestalls liquidity crises and protects the payments mechanism (as Walter Bagehot had stressed), but also as stabilizer of the macroeconomic aggregates of money, prices, output, and employment. Arnon also pays tribute to Thornton?s definitive critique of the real bills doctrine and to his seminal analysis of the regional balance of payments mechanism that keeps local non-London banknote issues rigidly in line with the Bank of England?s issues. Surprisingly, however, he misses the opportunity to note Thornton?s other prescient innovations to monetary theory. The distinctions between real v. nominal interest rates, natural v. nominal rates, internal v. external gold drains; the application of the concept of comparative cost advantage to explain external drains; the notions of lags in the effect of monetary change, and of agents? confusion of relative v. absolute price changes; the comprehensive recognition of all the forces (real, monetary, and purchasing power parity) determining exchange rates; the distinction between temporary and permanent shocks; the essentials of liquidity preference theory; the notion of forced saving: Thornton enunciated them all.
There are at least five potentially controversial issues in Arnon?s book. Most contentious perhaps is his carefully considered rejection of the notion that a bona fide, fully developed Free Banking School existed in England to rival the Currency and Banking Schools. Second is his contention that Henry Thornton was an Antibullionist, contrary to the judgment of a majority of monetary historians who classify him as a moderate Bullionist. Third, contradicting J. R. Hicks? opinion that there were two Thorntons, namely the 1798 anti-deflation, pro-inconvertibility dove, and the 1810 anti-inflation, pro-convertibility hawk, Arnon holds that there was but one Thornton who adhered to a single consistent theory throughout.
Here Arnon is absolutely correct. Unfortunately, however, he gives no explanation for his verdict although one is readily available. Thornton?s consistent view stems from his distinction between real v. monetary shocks to the balance of payments.? These shocks produce current account deficits financed by gold exports accompanied by money-stock contraction as specie exporters cash in banknotes to obtain gold from their banks. To Thornton, however, real shocks of the kind that provoked the 1797 restriction of cash payments should require no such deflationary contraction. They were short-lived and self-correcting. There was no need to put the economy through the wringer of output-and-employment-destroying deflationary monetary contraction to correct something that would correct itself. Better to maintain the stock of money in the face of these temporary gold outflows either through compensatory expansion of the Banknote issue under convertibility or by suspending convertibility and moving onto an inconvertible paper regime. By contrast, monetary shocks of the kind occurring later in the Napoleonic wars invariably took the form of inflationary expansion of the inconvertible banknote issue. As these shocks, unlike real ones, were not temporary and self-reversing, they required correction through contractionary policy and restoration of convertibility. In short, Thornton?s successive dove-to-hawk policy stances were part and parcel of his real v. monetary shock distinction.
Fourth, Arnon alleges that Thornton adhered to credit theories of money rather than vice versa, implying that he (Thornton) put bank credit (loans and discounts) above the stock of bank money (notes and deposits) as the crucial aggregate influencing economic activity. But this implication is contradicted by Thornton?s own statement that in periods of sharp and sudden credit and monetary contraction, it is not the credit crunches but rather the money stock collapses that produce declines in real activity. To Thornton, money dominates credit as a source of economic disturbance.
Fifth, Arnon argues that the quantity theory ceases to hold in Wicksell?s hypothetical pure credit economy where no reserve requirements exist to limit credit creation and so preserve nominal determinacy. But once one realizes that the ?credit? to which Wicksell refers consists of checking deposit money directly controllable by the central bank — the only bank and indeed the entire banking system in Wicksell?s pure credit model — without the need for reserve requirements, it becomes evident that the quantity theory link between money and prices holds. Indeed, it is through changes in the stock of deposit money that Wicksell?s central bank brings the market rate of interest into equality with the natural rate to achieve price level stability.
These issues hardly mar an exceptional and accessible book. This reviewer recommends it for historians of economic thought who tend to overlook the monetary side of their discipline, for current macro and monetary economists often unaware of the eighteenth and nineteenth century origins of the ideas they employ, for commercial bankers desiring to know more about the evolution of their profession, and for central bankers seeking historical perspective to enlighten their task of fighting crises, panics, recessions, and inflations.
Thomas M. Humphrey is a retired senior economist and research advisor at the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. He is the author of Essays on Inflation (fifth edition 1986, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond), Money, Banking and Inflation: Essays in the History of Monetary Thought (1993, Elgar), Money, Exchange and Production: Further Essays in the History of Economic Thought (1998, Elgar), and co-author (with Robert E. Keleher) of The Monetary Approach to the Balance of Payments, Exchange Rates, and World Inflation (1982, Praeger).
Copyright (c) 2011 by EH.Net. All rights reserved. This work may be copied for non-profit educational uses if proper credit is given to the author and the list. For other permission, please contact the EH.Net Administrator (administrator@eh.net). Published by EH.Net (October 2011). All EH.Net reviews are archived at http://www.eh.net/BookReview.


When Pope Benedict XVI announced this week he was resigning from the Chair of Peter, it was, said UCSB scholar Stefania Tutino, "a very rare occurrence," but not completely out of the blue. The first pope in 600 years not to leave office feetfirst, Benedict clearly did not enjoy the public demands of his position, Tutino said, was in failing health, and found himself embroiled in internal Vatican scandal and conflict. And that's on top of the child-abuse scandal that's consumed the church worldwide and has "characterized" his papacy in "a remarkably negative manner," she said.
Tutino — a historian of the Vatican and Catholic Church — cautioned that the pope does not operate like the CEO of a Fortune 500 company and cannot be expected to single-handedly overcome the "doctrinal rigidity" of the church. Even so, she said, he didn't do enough to address the issue of child abuse, either as pope or as prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, his post under John Paul II. Tutino described Benedict as a scholar and doctrinal radical at odds with "secular modernity." His strict adherence to a rigid orthodoxy cost Benedict followers in the United States and Europe, she said, citing his opposition to condoms even in the face of Africa's AIDS epidemic.
Tutino broke ranks with many of the Vatican prognosticators who predict the College of Cardinals will elect a new pope just as conservative as Benedict. She acknowledged he appointed roughly half the Cardinals but noted his successor needs a two-thirds majority to win. The fate of that election will matter to more than the one billion people who call themselves Catholics because the Roman Catholic Church remains very much a global power in an increasingly globalized world. The challenge posed by leaders like Benedict is whether the "institutional rigidity of the Church" can be sustained in the future. "I, for one, am incredibly anxious and excited to see how things pan out," Tutino said.