This coffee was roasted, cupped blind and rested for about 16 hours prior to formal cupping. Then it was rested a minimum of 2 more days prior to brewing and pulling espresso shots. For more information on my sample roaster and method, see our reference page.
There are some relatively new efforts being made in the coffee industry, mostly among small roasters, to improve the quality of purchased coffee.
For example, of late, one hears the expression "micro lot" quite often. There seems to be a trend developing whereby coffee roasters and other coffee buyers, visit at the origin or otherwise make contact with specific farms whose production is thought to be particularly high in quality. These farms with relatively small production quantities in many cases, are asked to sell their best coffee, often at a premium price, to the roasters, instead of allowing it to get mixed in with the production of other farms. This coffee from Reynel Perez, is an example of such a micro lot. The Perez farm, Finca Circacia, produced a total of 900 lbs. of this coffee.
Another trend, perhaps, is the different types of export packaging being tried in an attempt to keep the green coffee as fresh and free from environmental damage as possible. Instead of using burlap or jute bags, this coffee, for example was packaged at the mill in 5 Kg vacuum bags.
This coffee, perhaps to some extent a result of these extra efforts, is a fine example of a high quality Colombian. It is wonderfully aromatic and in the cup, is intense, deep and classically flavored. It is dark chocolate (but not bitter), cinnamon and stone fruit balanced against a lively acidity and shows a citrus side as it cools. It is medium-bodied with a medium-long finish. I gave this coffee an extra "cuppers point" because I think it deserves a 90+.
A deeper roast yields a superb cappuccino, rich and fruity/chocolaty. As an SO espresso it was a bit too intense for my palate but it might appeal to folks who enjoy a real "kick" in their shot. It would certainly blend well with a mellow Brazil.
Lighter Roasts: Great depth of flavor; a classic beauty!
Darker Roasts: Sweetness and dark chocolate prevail.
As Espresso: A very zippy straight shot but a great cappuccino.


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Plebes take oath on Naval Academy Induction Day
Updated: 6:15 PM EDT Jun 30, 2016
The incoming class of 2020 at the Naval Academy took the oath of office Thursday morning. New midshipman make the pledge and then begin plebe summer.Most parents at the Naval Academy's Induction Day can relate to mother Ellen Karakul."It's bittersweet, but we're so proud of our son," Karakul said.The class of 2020 is made up of roughly 1,200 young men and women who will start plebe summer, which is the start of six weeks of basic midshipman training."(I'm) a little bit nervous, obviously, because this is a big change from high school, everything else I've done, but I'm also really excited. This is something I've wanted to do pretty much my whole life," said David Karakul.It is hello to a new adventure and goodbye to mom and dad."It is a mix of emotions. It's a combination of just pride, extreme pride, and this lump in my throat," father Dan Martinez said.Those painful yet prideful goodbyes are met with a loud yell, "It's time to go.""My hands started shaking. I'm a little nervous for her. I know she'll do great things," mother Amy Quinn said.The class of 2020 went through check-in and station after station where, for the men, it's another goodbye -- to their hair. They learn the proper salute and they're off.This year marks 40 years since the Naval Academy started admitting women. On Induction Day in 1976, 81 women came through. Today, there are 331."I have a lot of role models that are already in the military that look up to. They are women and they inspire me," plebe Danielle Cortez said.For those parents now saying goodbye, they say this keeps them going: "In this crazy world, it's wonderful to see these young kids who are going to protect us and defend us," Ellen Karakul said.Get the WBAL-TV News App
ANNAPOLIS, Md. —
The incoming class of 2020 at the Naval Academy took the oath of office Thursday morning. New midshipman make the pledge and then begin plebe summer.
Most parents at the Naval Academy's Induction Day can relate to mother Ellen Karakul.
"It's bittersweet, but we're so proud of our son," Karakul said.
The class of 2020 is made up of roughly 1,200 young men and women who will start plebe summer, which is the start of six weeks of basic midshipman training.
"(I'm) a little bit nervous, obviously, because this is a big change from high school, everything else I've done, but I'm also really excited. This is something I've wanted to do pretty much my whole life," said David Karakul.
It is hello to a new adventure and goodbye to mom and dad.
"It is a mix of emotions. It's a combination of just pride, extreme pride, and this lump in my throat," father Dan Martinez said.
Those painful yet prideful goodbyes are met with a loud yell, "It's time to go."
"My hands started shaking. I'm a little nervous for her. I know she'll do great things," mother Amy Quinn said.
The class of 2020 went through check-in and station after station where, for the men, it's another goodbye -- to their hair. They learn the proper salute and they're off.
This year marks 40 years since the Naval Academy started admitting women. On Induction Day in 1976, 81 women came through. Today, there are 331.
"I have a lot of role models that are already in the military that look up to. They are women and they inspire me," plebe Danielle Cortez said.
For those parents now saying goodbye, they say this keeps them going: "In this crazy world, it's wonderful to see these young kids who are going to protect us and defend us," Ellen Karakul said.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Forest Underground: Hope for a Planet in Crisis
A project in Melbourne, AU by ISCAST
The inspiring story of Tony Rinaudo, "The Forest Maker". A journey of discovery, faith, and hope.
Backers: 141
Average Pledge Per Backer: $153 AUD
Funded: $21,544 AUD of $10,000 AUD
Dates: Oct 25th -> Dec 4th (41 days)
Project By: ISCAST
$21,544 AUD
Last Updated: December 4 @ 18:10 -0500 GMT
$0 AUD
[url=https://www.kicktraq.com/projects/iscast/the-forest-underground-hope-for-a-planet-in-crisis/][img]https://www.kicktraq.com/projects/iscast/the-forest-underground-hope-for-a-planet-in-crisis/minichart.png[/img][/url]
[View the latest stats for The Forest Underground: Hope for a Planet in Crisis on Kicktraq](https://www.kicktraq.com/projects/iscast/the-forest-underground-hope-for-a-planet-in-crisis/)
FULLY FUNDED 🎉 A big thank you to you all!
November 15th - via: kickstarter.com
We made it! Thank you all so much for your generosity, and for believing in the hope that this book will inspire in its readers! Because of you, we'll be able to pay for a digital communications specialist to work on online promotion and building a... (Read More)
Additional content © ISCAST from the The Forest Underground: Hope for a Planet in Crisis project.


Boom and Bust The American Dream criticized in Of Mice and Men and was posted in August 26 2018 at 4:32 am and has been seen by 8 users. If you want to view image in full size just click image on gallery bellow.
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A fun place for a lot of memes. We have specific channels, advice channels, and just fun and positivity ones, too. Whether you need LGBT-related help or just want a good conversation with a cool group of people, this is a good spot.


Microsoft appears to be taking augmented reality pretty seriously. The software giant has a pair of new patents that were discovered by Patent Bolt this week, detailing projector eyewear technology for use with a game console like the Xbox 360 and with future mobile devices.
The first patent describes a full-on helmet with attached, visor-like eyepieces and appears to be intended for Xbox gamers, according to the blog. The second reveals eyewear that resembles a pair of sunglasses—that's the tech Microsoft would attempt to integrate into future smartphones, media players, and other mobile devices, so it makes sense that it comes in a form that people might actually want to wear out in public.
The trouble with compact display systems built into goggles or eyeglasses like the ones Microsoft appears to be building, Patent Bolt notes, is that "the human eye can't focus on images less than a few centimeters away." This means the interface has to present a "virtual image" that appears to the eye as if it's actually further away than on the screen-slash-eyepiece where it really lives.
You can read the rest of the Article here PC Magazine Article.
The big problem in development is the human eyes focus range – just a few centimeters. The result ia a virtual image.
Microsofts answer to this "comprises a laser configured to form a narrow beam, first and second dilation optics [each with a diffraction grating], first and second redirection optics, and a controller," according to Patent Bolt.
Microsoft isn't alone Google is developing a Terminator style Heads up display.
Apple's OS X isn't exactly a gamer's paradise. But the same can't be said about iOS—especially when it comes to the iPad. In some ways the iPad is the perfect gaming handheld: It has great battery life, and games are cheap. But there are a few things you should know before using the iPad as a gaming device.
There are a few different iPad models, each with their own set of strengths and weaknesses. Do you get a Wi-Fi only version, or do you spring for a model with LTE? Will 16GB be enough, or do you plan on downloading hundreds of games? Should you buy the latest iPad, or pick up an older model on the cheap? These are all questions you'll need to ask yourself before you make your way to the Apple Store.
IOS 4 has a game center much like that of XBOX live.


Every 2nd Friday, DJ Blenda spins the funkiest soulful vinyl from our entertainment mezzanine. DJ Blenda has brought out the best crowd in Tampa every Soul Night! Come GET DOWN if you like good vibes, great drinks and good eats!
Please call the eatery for reservations!


Established since 1975, the company specializes in real estate. The types are as follows.
1. Land for sale by Teerachai Corporation Co., Ltd.
2. Warehouse business is provided by Teerachai Warehouse Co., Ltd.
3. Apartment & Sport Club & Mansion is serviced by Teerachai Corporation Co., Ltd.
Meet the demand for space. The location is convenient for connecting to various points within the city and the province. At low cost, good service, sincerity. Accurate and reliable as our slogan.
"You are the one we care"


Clouds, stars, pom-poms, suspensions music ... It 'a magical way to Nini la Duchesse, a brand that comes straight from Paris. His creative Virginie Léger Le Duc done by hand, made in France, the beautiful accessories for the bedrooms of our children. The suspensions music, star-shaped and of the cloud, in addition to rock with the sweet melodies of the rest of the baby are also wonderful decorations. For girls, cheerleader applied to small springs and headbands, all made of natural cotton, are a must.


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Section B95-B97
A00-A09
Code B96.22
ICD-10-CM Code B96.22
Other specified Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli [E. coli] (STEC) as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere
B96.22 is a billable ICD code used to specify a diagnosis of other specified Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli [E. coli] (STEC) as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere. A 'billable code' is detailed enough to be used to specify a medical diagnosis.
The ICD code B96 is used to code Bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis (BV), also known as vaginal bacteriosis or Gardnerella vaginitis, is a disease of the vagina caused by excessive growth of bacteria. Common symptoms include increased vaginal discharge that often smells like fish. The discharge is usually white or gray in color. Burning with urination may occur. Itching is uncommon. Occasionally there may be no symptoms. Having BV increases the risk of infection by a number of other sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. It also increases the risk of early delivery among pregnant women.
Specialty: Gynecology, Infectious Disease
MeSH Code: D016585
ICD 9 Code: 616.1
Micrograph of bacterial vaginosis — cells of the cervix covered with rod-shaped bacteria, Gardnerella vaginalis (arrows).
Coding Notes for B96.22 Info for medical coders on how to properly use this ICD-10 code
Non- See Code O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli [E.coli]
Non- See Code O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli [E.coli] with known O group
DRG Group #867-869 - Other infectious and parasitic diseases diagnoses with MCC.
DRG Group #867-869 - Other infectious and parasitic diseases diagnoses with CC.
DRG Group #867-869 - Other infectious and parasitic diseases diagnoses without CC or MCC.
ICD-10-CM Alphabetical Index References for 'B96.22 - Other specified Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli [E. coli] (STEC) as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere'
The ICD-10-CM Alphabetical Index links the below-listed medical terms to the ICD code B96.22. Click on any term below to browse the alphabetical index.
Escherichia coli(E. coli), as cause of disease classified elsewhere +
non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing(with known O group)
O157:H7 with or without confirmation of Shiga toxin-production
Other specified Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli [E. coli] (STEC) (exact match)
This is the official exact match mapping between ICD9 and ICD10, as provided by the General Equivalency mapping crosswalk. This means that in all cases where the ICD9 code 041.42 was previously used, B96.22 is the appropriate modern ICD10 code.
Parent Code: B96.2 - Escherichia coli [E. coli ] as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere
Source: http://icd.codes/icd10cm/B9622


A Bengkung Belly Bind is a traditional Malaysian style wrap worn during your first days postpartum. Each Bengkung Belly Bind will include 15 yards of batik cotton material used for the bind. The hems are intentionally left without a hem to improve the comfort of the wrap when worn against the body. In addition, an under layer of soft flannel pannel secured around the body with a ribbon closure. The ribbon closure is specifically designed to allow for adjustments to customize the fit to your own body and adjust as you loose your pregnancy weight.
A Bengkung Belly Bind is a traditional Malaysian style wrap worn during your first days postpartum. Each Bengkung Belly Bind will include 15 yards of batik cotton material used for the bind. The hems are intentionally left without a hem to improve the comfort of the wrap when worn against the body. In addition, an under layer of soft flannel panel secured around the body with a ribbon closure. The ribbon closure is specifically designed to allow for adjustments to customize the fit to your own body and adjust as you loose your pregnancy weight.
The Begnkung Belly Bind is worn by placing the warming flannel layer against your abdomen. The batik cotton material is then wrapped around the body starting at the base of the pubic bone upwards towards the base of the rib cage.
Traditionally, the Bengkung belly bind is worn for 40 days during the restful period following the birth of your baby. The bind can be worn starting 5 days after a vaginal birth or 6 weeks after a surgical birth. In addition, this can be worn during your monthly menstrual cycle to aid in reducing lower back pain and cramping.
Support abdominal wall muscle retraction: The support to the abdominal muscles helps in healing of the diastasis recti, the separation in the abdominal wall common after pregnancy. As your belly grows during pregnancy, the fibrous strip, called the lineal alba, between your abdominal muscles thins as it stretches.
Stabilize loosened ligaments: The bind provide support to the pelvis encouraging it to close from its expanded state after pregnancy. The expansion of the pelvis is caused by hormones present during pregnancy and through the act of carrying and birthing a baby. The constant pressure of the belly bind provides support to the pelvic bones to close them after birth.
Provide support to the torso while vital organs returned to their pre-pregnancy size and position: The uterus must contract back to its pre-repgnancy size and position. In addition, all of the other organs in your abdomen move position as your baby takes up space during pregnancy and must return to their normal position after birth.
Relieves water retention, removes toxins, and improves circulation: During pregnancy your body retains water to help support the amniotic fluid needed to sustain pregnancy. It also increases circulation and helps flush toxins retained in the abdomen.
If you are interested in an in-person assistance consultation for wrapping your belly, a 3-visit package is available for an additional $150. If you are outside of my region, I am available to provide a consultation by Skype or FaceTime for a $50 fee.
Currently the following color choices are available for purchase.


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Congratulations to the following members who are celebrating membership milestones!
Thanks for being part of the NAFA family!
To see additional members celebrating milestones, please click here
To see additional members who celebrated milestones in 2013, please click here
George L. Schwarz
Borough of Camp Hill
Borough of Camp Hill Police Dept.
George Schwarz, CPFP, Fleet Administrator, Borough of Camp Hill Police Dept., Harrisburg, PA is a man who has seen it all. Fortunately for NAFA members, he has been gracious enough to share that knowledge with peers and colleagues.
Having committed himself to the government fleet segment since 1969, with fleets ranging from Pennsylvania State Police, to managing the City of Harrisburg's fleet, to the Fleet Administrator for the Borough of Camp Hill / Camp Hill Police today. That is not to say that his vehicle experience was limited in any way. "None of the fleets I've managed are totally 'police' vehicles," George said. "While the some fleets had many more 'Police Units,' all of them also included undercover vehicles, motorcycles, trucks, buses, and the various other support units of different makes and models. The City and the Borough's fleets also includes medium, heavy duty, and off-road type, equipment."
George has been one of NAFA's most vocal supporters and has been instrumental in all aspects of the Law Enforcement Group including service as Chair during 2011-2012. He has also been recognized for his ideas and contributions to fleet via the Larry Goill Memorial Quality Fleet Management Idea Award in 2002. George spoke to us recently about his career, how fleet and vehicles have changed, and his relationship with NAFA.
To read a complete interview with George, click here.
Steven Contarino
Adamson Industries Corp.
Steve Contarino, Vice-President of Adamson Industries Corp., founded the company alongside his wife and President, Kim Contarino back in 1984. Working out of a small office space with a one bay garage, Steve and Kim have built Adamson Industries to what it is today. Located in Haverhill, MA, Adamson Industries' 56,000 sq. ft. facility operates with a staff of just fewer than 50 employees. Recognized nationwide as a leader in the industry, up-fitting more than 2,500 vehicles in year and offering public safety vehicle products nationwide.
As a reputable figure in the police fleet industry, Steve is often invited as a guest speaker at trade conferences such as NAFA's I&E and Police Fleet Expo. Steve is also a published writer for industry trade publications including Police Fleet Manager and Police & Security Magazine.
Dennis Morgan
Dennis Morgan began his career in logistics with Consolidated Bathurst, and later moved to Toronto to take a position with Cyanamid Canada. " I joined NAFA when I assumed the responsibility for the Cyanamid Canada fleet," Dennis said. He would become Director of Administrative Services with Wyeth Canada after the company acquired Cyanamid.
"During this time, I served with the NAFA Ontario Chapter as Assistant Chapter Chair, and then two terms as Ontario Chapter Chair,' Dennis said.
Following the acquisition of Wyeth by Pfizer, Dennis worked with Pfizer on the Canadian operations transition team (for two years). Although he is retired from Wyeth Canada, Dennis still attends NAFA meetings. He also has an active home life: "My wife Doreen, of 38 years, as well as my two children and their spouses manage to keep me busy and active in retirement."
Deb Watkins
"I had an amazing 36 year career in the fleet management industry. I joined PHH (now Element Fleet Management) in 1975 and enjoyed a wide-range of roles from statistical research analyst, technology support services, and retiring as Vice President, Business Development in 2011.
"I joined NAFA in 1989 and still have fond memories of my first conference in New York City. Little did I know then that I would spend the next 25 years attending conferences and chapter meetings! In the 1990's, I spent most of my NAFA involvement in supporting roles at the chapter level and was a charter member of the Hartford Chapter. I later became involved with the National NAFA organization, where I had the opportunity to serve on the FMI Curriculum Committee, the Education Development Committee, Chair of the Affiliate Committee, and serve as Affiliate Trustee on the NAFA Board 2007-2009. I was very fortunate to have had the opportunity to become active in this industry and serve in various roles in NAFA and AFLA. It was a tremendous learning experience and helped develop a valuable network of contacts and best of all, lifelong friendships.
"Since retiring, I spend much of my time on the golf course, either playing or supporting golf organizations for women and junior girls. Retirement also gives me more time to spend with family and friends and just do whatever I want to do when I want to do it!"
NAFA thanks George, Steven, Dennis, and Deb for their years with the Association! It is the strength of our members that have helped make NAFA the strongest association in fleet management today.
John C. McDiarmid
John McDiarmid is a member of NAFA's Ontario Chapter and served as Vice Chair 2000-2002. John also was a member of the National Audit Committee 1992-1993.
Michael W. Hardesty, CAFM®
Michael Hardesty, CAFM®, capped a thirty-year-long career with Indiana University as Fleet Manager – in addition to a previous twelve years as a business manager at car dealerships – in 2012. During his time, Mike has had oversight of a fleet of 500 vehicles, and has proven over the years to be the level-headed, business-oriented constant necessary for a constantly changing industry such as fleet is. In just his fleet at Indiana U., Mike saw dramatic shifts, such as when the school moved from vehicle ownership to leasing.
Mike has been a major presence in the Tri-State chapter, serving on the Board of Governors as Chapter Chair. He was formerly Co-Chair of NAFA's National Public Service Committee as well. "I won't be an active Member anymore, but I have my alumni membership. I may attend a conference or two yet, and I haven't completely closed the door to other possibilities in the fleet business," he said.
Theodore D. Less
"I had an outstanding career in the automotive management industry. After 40 years — almost all with Wheels Inc. as Vice President of Sales — I retired in December 1995 as Senior Vice President.
"Since then I have lived up to the Rotary motto of 'service above self.' I spend my time volunteering as a Rotarian and also I took a course to become a court advocate for the sexually assaulted and abused. I go to court so the survivors of such horrible experiences don't have to go to court and relive it. I am with Zacharias Sexual Abuse Center who work very hard to make these people whole again.
"I am involved with a Rotary Club in Belfast, Northern Ireland, where I work with high school kids, mentoring them on mediation between the Catholics and Protestants. In other words, settle problems without killing one another. Plus, I have worked to help other community services.
"I take a class at Northwestern University every Tuesday morning, and find time three days a week to do swimming workouts."
Andrew R. Armetta
Director Property & Fleet Management
LifeBridge Health System
Andrew is a member of the Chesapeake Chapter.
Allan J. Eyden
Bonnell Motors, Inc.
Allan is a member of the New England Chapter.
NAFA thanks John, Michael, Ted, Andrew, and Allan for their years with the Association! It is the strength of our members that have helped make NAFA the strongest association in fleet management today.
Clyde J. Sutton
Sutton Leasing, Inc.
Clyde Sutton is Vice President at Sutton Leasing, a national leasing and fleet management company owned by his father. Primary areas of emphasis include sales to national fleet accounts, as well as development and implementation of operational changes required by growth. During his employment Sutton Leasing has grown from having 1000 units leased to a 15,000-unit fleet management company. He is the perennial top sales person. He has implemented fleet management programs at Sutton and enrolled many national accounts. He has developed new leasing programs from design, sale and implementation. He has been responsible for the "Extremely Satisfied" customer satisfaction rating earned by Sutton. He has led teams comprised of both sales and operations functions.
Clyde is also very active in social and philanthropic organizations and the Detroit Athletic Club.
Penny Levin Fields
PAL Inc.
Penny is a member of the Chicago Chapter and was a member of the I&E Arrangements Committee, 1995-1996.
Senior Manager, Corporate Accounts
The CEI Group
Trevose, PA
Peter Mitchell is CEI's Northeast Regional Sales Manager and has been a NAFA member with the Philadelphia Chapter and Regional Affiliate since joining CEI in 1989. Pete has been a board member of the Philadelphia chapter for 20 years. He is currently Co-Secretary of the Philadelphia chapter and Chair of the Nominations Committee.
Brian Thompson, CAFM®
Grinnell Mutual Reinsurance Co
Grinnell, IA
Brian is a committed chapter volunteer for the Mid-West Chapter, having served as Chapter Chair, 2001-2003; Chapter Certification Committee Chair, 1993-1994 and 1995-1997; Chapter Program Committee Chair, 2011-2013; and Chapter Arrangements Committee Chair, 2011-2013.
Edward R. Wootton
Edward is a member of the Mid-West Chapter.
NAFA thanks Clyde, Penny, Pete, Brian, and Edward for their years with the Association! It is the strength of our members that have helped make NAFA the strongest association in fleet management today.
Carl F. Gloutnay
Montreal, PQ
Robert Decary; Pierre Moquin; Carl Gloutnay; Stéphane
Bisaillon, Quebec Chapter Vice Chair; Luc Leclerc; and
Roger Daoust (Photo: Stéphane Quesnel)
In 1989, Carl received the Distinguished Service Award, NAFA's highest form of recognition bestowed upon those with exemplary professional and personal contributions to the industry, society, and/or community. A Club NAFA member, Carl is a dedicated Chapter Volunteer, and has served as Quebec's Chapter Membership Committee Chair (1992-2001) and Chapter Reception Committee Chair (2010-2015).
Gene J. Lusnek
Brooklyn, OH
Gene served as Chapter Program Committee Chair (1992-1993) for the Mid-America Chapter. NAFA thanks Gene for thirty years with the Association! It is the strength of our members that have helped make NAFA the strongest association in fleet management today.
Tom Lubas
After 41 years of career service at the Port Authority of New York & New Jersey, Tom Lubas retired in 2013 and then accelerated his travels worldwide in search of adventures with or without vehicles. As the former Director of the Port Authority's Operations Services Department, Tom was responsible for several agency activities and divisions, including the Port Authority's automotive fleet operations. The PA Fleet operations involve approximately 2,500 vehicles with a replacement value in excess of $300 million. This fleet has been ranked for the past several years in the Top 10 of the Best Government Green Fleets in North America. Under Tom's leadership, the PA Fleet's carbon footprint was reduced by more than 40 percent and the Fleet is now more than 80 percent "green."
Tom is the current President of the NAFA Foundation and President of the Empire Clean Cities Coalition. Tom is also a lifetime Honorary Member of NAFA Fleet Management Association and a former NAFA Vice President, and continues to play an active role in NAFA as a member of the Board of Directors of the New York – InterCounty Chapter. He is also a member of NAFA's Law Enforcement Group.
Sandra Klontz
Club NAFA member Sandra Klontz has been a committed volunteer and supporter of NAFA for many years. She was National Program Committee Chair in 1992-1993. For her dedication, she received the Distinguished Service Award in 1993.
Sandra has also proved invaluable to her home chapter, the Colorado Chapter, and to the chapter structure in total. She has served as Chapter Program Committee Chair (1993-1994), Chapter Arrangements Committee Chair (1994-1995), Chapter Reception Committee Chair (1994-1995), and as Chapter Membership Committee Chair (1997-1998).
Carl H. Monheit, CAFM®
Carl is a member of the New York-InterCounty Chapter.
Josie B. Sharp, CAFM®
Josie Sharp, CAFM®, has proven her commitment to her home chapter, the Philadelphia Chapter, on numerous occasions. She held the position of Chapter Chair for 1995-1996, 2000-2001, and 2001-2002. She was also the Chapter Editorial Committee Chair (1996-1997) and Chapter Program Committee Chair (2003-2004).
NAFA thanks Sandra, Carl, and Josie for their years with the Association! It is the strength of our members that have helped make NAFA the strongest association in fleet management today.
Kay Koenig
In 2015, Kay Koenig will celebrate 50 years of association with Sandman Bros., Inc. Although "officially" retired she still consults with Sandman Brothers on occasion. Kay and Sandman Bros., Inc. were contacted by General Motors to do courtesy deliveries because GM couldn't find anyone to do courtesy deliveries in the Indianapolis area. She was honored by both GM and Chrysler (now FCA USA) for the volume of her sales. Her association with NAFA began in the late 70's. She was one of the first women in fleet sales. Kay worked with Buick to put their vehicles in the Fleet Fair – it was the first time vehicles were actually put on the floor of the fair.
Kay was the first woman to become National Affiliate Chair, and during her years on the Affiliate Committee she helped plan several successful national Affiliates' nights. Kay was active in the local chapter and planned many chapter events – including the first Tri-State Affiliates' Fair and Ride & Drive.
She travels, presents workshops, and volunteers. She enjoys her children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren. Her husband, Lance, of 36 years, died in 2012.
"I enjoyed my association with NAFA and the wonderful friends I made. I don't miss the work but miss seeing the friends."
Mark F. Petersen
"I was a young man when I joined NAFA in 1984. Back then I was the newly minted Fleet Administrator at General Instrument in New Jersey. Since then, I became the Fleet Manager at Lehn & Fink, and later moved to Colorado where I worked in a sales and marketing capacity for several fleet management companies that managed diverse fleet products such as accident management, subrogation, vehicle remarketing, vehicle transports, and fuel cards. I even spent some time as the part owner of two different companies, one handling transports, the other in remarketing.
"During all those years there's been one constant: NAFA. I've been a member of NAFA for thirty years now, both as a Member and as an Affiliate. And I've been active nationally and on local board for that entire time. I have always found that I get more out of something when I put effort into it – and I have gotten a lot out of NAFA!
"These days I'm back in northern NJ and I'm exploring new opportunities in our industry. So if you know of a company that is looking for a fleet manager with a diverse industry background, mention my name!"
David A. Head
Newcastle, CA
David is a member of the NorCal-North Nevada Chapter. NAFA thanks David for twenty-five years with the Association! It is the strength of our members that have helped make NAFA the strongest association in fleet management today.
Earl B. Mitchell
A Member of NAFA from 1970 to the present, Club NAFA member Earl Mitchell was a Corporate Fleet Manager at Owens-Corning for 25 years. Later, he formed Mitchell & Associates Travel Consultants in Toledo, OH. He is now retired.
Earl has been an active participant in NAFA leadership, including his role as Chair of the Tri-State Chapter (1986-1989); Chair of NAFA's Audit Committee (1989-1991); Co-Chair of NAFA's Safety Committee (1991-1993); Co-Chair, GM Fleet Safety Symposium (Michigan); and a frequent NAFA Workshop Presenter (Various Topics).
For his tireless efforts in the fleet profession Earl has received GM's Certificate of Recognition, NAFA's Certificate of Appreciation, and recognition in many fleet publications.
Congratulations to Earl Mitchell! Thank you for being part of the NAFA family.
Allen M. Mitchell
Allen M. Mitchell's previous experience includes 5 years as Equipment Supervisor with the King County, Washington Department of Public Works; 9 Years as Transportation Officer & Manager with Rainier National Bank; 2 and 1/2 years as Motor Pool Supervisor with the Washington State Motor Transport Division and over 4 years of active duty military experience as a Maintenance Officer in the US Army where he attained a rank of Captain. While with Snohomish County, Allen was responsible for managing 2,600 fleet assets valued at $54 million. He supervised a staff of 49 fleet personnel at 3 locations and managed a $29 million annual budget.
In October 2008, Snohomish County was designated as a "100 Best Government Fleet" and ranked #3 as a Government Green Fleet of 38,000 public fleets. He has been a NAFA member for 30 years and has served 4 terms as Puget Sound Chapter Chair, in many other chapter positions, and has served nationally on the Membership and Law Enforcement Committees.
In 2011, Allen transferred from Snohomish County to Arlington County, subsequently retiring in November 2013.
Dennis J. Jones
Vice President Sales & Marketing
Auto Truck Group
Roanoke, IN
NAFA Affiliate Dennis J. Jones is a member of the Chicago Chapter. NAFA thanks Dennis for twenty-five years with the Association! It is the strength of our members that have helped make NAFA the strongest association in fleet management today.
William A. Loftis
Fleet Services Administrator
City of Oklahoma City
William is a member of the South Central Chapter. NAFA thanks William for twenty-five years with the Association! It is the strength of our members that have helped make NAFA the strongest association in fleet management today.
William J. Statom
Fleet Fuel Card Sales Manager
Kwik Fill/United Refining Co.
Warren, PA
William is a member of the Greater Pittsburgh Chapter. NAFA thanks William for twenty-five years with the Association! It is the strength of our members that have helped make NAFA the strongest association in fleet management today.
Susan M. Miller, CAFS®
Director, Fleet Program & Service
McDonald's Corporation
J. Pat Turner
Kennedale, TX
"I began my career in fleet management in 1978 with the Western Company of North America, and joined NAFA in 1979. I moved to Adams Laboratories in 1992, and ended my career at Alcom Laboratories in 2007. I served as Chapter Chair of the Southwest Chapter for one year, and later served as Chapter Chair of the South Central Chapter for three years. Considering all the things NAFA offered, none was greater than the forum to interact with others in this same field. Time spent learning from each other was invaluable and I thoroughly enjoyed my career in fleet management. Now I enjoy retirement. I spend a lot of time at our ranch in the Texas hill country watching the deer and antelope play. I also serve on the economic development board in our home town and enjoy volunteering at my church. I have truly lived a blessed life. Thanks to NAFA for all you did for me."
Gordon Snyder, CFM/CAFM®
Lehighton, PA
"In 1984, as Fleet Manager for the Allegheny Division of Contel, I joined the Philadelphia Chapter of NAFA and attained CFM certification in 1986. The knowledge from the course and interaction with chapter members were tremendous assets in my work. As a retired fleet manager, it is interesting to see the changes that have evolved over the years. Due to health issues that prevent me from attending functions, I enjoy keeping informed by reading the information received from NAFA and other fleet sources."
Elda Diez-King, CAFM®
Manager, Travel & Vehicle Safety
Lorillard Tobacco Company
Elsie Lucia
Director, Fleet Services
Lee D. Miller
Senior Manager, Fleet Services
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceutical
Deanne E. Radke
Assistant Division Director
King County Department of Transportation
Douglas J. Fini
Equipment Superintendent
County of Humboldt
G. Steve Staats
Fleet Operations & Maintenance Supervisor
Northern Virginia Elec. Coop.
Wendell Jones
City of Little Rock
C. H. Malette
Law Enforcement Manager
Chrysler Canada Inc.
Craig R. Davis
Transportation Manager
The City of Midwest City
Julie Frey
Fleet and Safety Supervisor
Glory Global Solutions Inc.
Watertown, WI
Gary Schmaltz
Garage Operations Supervisor
City of Dayton, Division of Fleet Management
David A. Thompsen, CAFM®
Fleet and Facilities Manager
Matanuska Telephone Assn. Inc.
Palmer, AK
Patrick R. Wenzl
City of Lincoln, Police Department
Director of Commercial/Support
AutoZone Parts, Inc.
Claton D. Chandler
Supervisor – Fleet Administration
Chesapeake Energy Corporation, Fleet Operations
Stuart C. Ed
General Services Director
Scott Edidin
Wheels, Inc.
Kevin J. Fisher, CAFM®
Barry J. Fitzgerald
Colonial Equipment Company
Monrovia, MD
Fleetwest Transferable Truck Bodies
Jo-Anne Lamontagne
Mercedes-Benz Canada Inc.
Fleet Street Remarketing, LLC
Sharon Levosky
Supervisor, Administrative Services
Angel Maldonado
Fleet Superintendent
Ralph Meyer
Sebert Landscaping Company
Gary Nichols
Missouri Auto Auction
Sean P. O'Malley
ARI, Automotive Resources International
Christopher L. Polcyn
Head Technician
Tovars Snow Professionals
East Dundee, IL
Larry W. Ray
Metropolitan Knoxville Airport Authority
Gary B. Robbins
Vice President, Strategic Acquisitions
WEX Inc.
Chad Shoemaker
Hourglass Management Corp.
James F. Snyder
RMP Powertrain Solutions
Pennsauken, NJ
Geni Wagner
Fleet Program Manager
Intermountain Healthcare Inc.
Richard P. Wanders
National Account Sales Manager
Leggett & Platt Commercial Vehicle Products
Karl Wolfe
General Services Admin. (MTA)
Mike G. Moneymaker
Director Transportation Svcs.
Mike is a Club NAFA member as well as a member of the Atlanta Chapter. NAFA thanks Mike for his years with the Association. It is the strength of members like him that have helped make NAFA the fleet industry's strongest association.
Kathe R. Carter
Mercury Associates, Inc.
2014 finds Kathe Carter joining illustrious company as part of Club NAFA. She is a longtime fleet expert and an asset to the Association.
In 2006, joined Mercury Associates Inc. as a Senior Associate Fleet Consultant. As a part of the Mercury team she conducts fleet reviews, assessments, and analysis and offers detailed strategic and tactical recommendations to maximize fleet effectiveness and efficiency.
During her 30-year career with the State of Michigan, she held positions that began with responsibility for the state's 8,000 vehicle fleets. As the State's Deputy Director for Management her statewide responsibilities included Vehicle and Travel Services, Facilities, Mail, Logistics, Printing, Real Estate, Bonding, and Risk Management.
Kathe optimized the use of employees, external service providers, contracts, and inventory to provide high quality fleet service at the best value. In addition, she led the consolidation of the State's fleet operations and brought the viable financial alternative of fleet leasing into the public sector. Kathe has developed and led seminars on a variety of business and fleet topics.
She has also been instrumental in developing NAFA's services to public safety and utility fleet managers. She contributed to NAFA in a variety of ways, including teaching and curriculum development and holding a variety of offices, including Vice President. Kathe is a recipient of the NAFA Distinguished Service Award.
Jon Crull, CAFM®
Formerly the Fleet Manager for the City of Daytona Beach, FL, Jon Crull, CAFM®, (pictured at right next to then-NAFA President Christopher Amos, CAFM®) has been active in many levels of NAFA's inner workings.
Crull has served his local NAFA chapter, the Sunshine State Chapter, in nearly every capacity, including three terms as Chapter Chair. He has served on the national level as Chair and Vice Chair of two large committees: the Arrangements Committee (2004-2006) and the Public Safety Group (2006-2009). Crull has also been a member of the national Nominating Committee and the National Curriculum Committee (2006-2011).
He has also contributed to the National Membership Committee 2003-2004; National Public Safety Group 2006-2009; Education Steering Board 2007-2008; and National Certification Board 2010-2011. He served as Secretary for The Center for Professional Fleet Certification (CPFC) 2010-2011.
For his efforts and unflagging commitment to NAFA, Crull was awarded NAFA's Lifetime Honorary Membership in
Becky Hanna
Leavenworth, KS
Becky Hanna, formerly of Hallmark Cards, was a Chapter Leader for the Mid-America Chapter from 1992-1996, and again from 2001-2012. It is the strength of members like Becky that have helped make NAFA the fleet industry's strongest association.
Joseph M. Pelehach
The Motorlease Corp.
Joe Pelehach joined Motorlease as a sales trainee in 1988. Subsequently, he was promoted to Account Executive, Senior Account Executive, and Regional Manager. In 2009, the Motorlease shareholders elected him to the Board of Directors. Today he is Vice President with responsibility for the Northeast Region and a team of people. In addition, he is dedicated to serving his community of Canton, CT. He has served on the boards for Little League and basketball and coached baseball, softball, basketball, and soccer for more than a decade; He also served on his town's planning commission. Pelehach earned a BA in economics from the University of Connecticut.
NAFA thanks everyone for their years with the Association. It is the strength of members like them that have helped make NAFA the fleet industry's strongest association.


LOCATION: The Premises is located on a prominent location on HOE STREET close to Bakers Arms, the frontage also offers further oppertunity for a business.Close to walthamstow and Leyton offering great access to local transport.This part off Hoe Street is very busy with workers and shoppers.
BUSINESS RATES: We have been advised that the current rateable value for the shop is ?7488p.a. We do advise all interested parties to make their own enquiries with the local authority.
Property advert Ref 3564636 - Is a property advert for marketing purposes only, the information has been supplied by the owner, estate agent or property portal and The House Shop makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the information. Furthermore we have no control over the adverts content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. Please contact the advertiser to obtain any information regarding The Energy Performance Certificate regarding homes in England and Wales or Home Report for residential property in Scotland.
This property is marketed by Allen Davies, 342 High Road, , Leyton, , London at £1,500 per month. TheHouseShop has calculated the price per week for comparison purposes only.


Coheed and Cambria today gave full details about their plans this spring to perform their debut album, The Second Stage Turbine Blade, in it is entirety in 22 cities across the US and in Toronto, Canada. The "Evening with" format will also feature a rare 30-40 minute acoustic set, as well as an extra set of songs from other albums.
In 2001, Coheed and Cambria solidified their lineup and began playing shows as a band. They also started work in singer/guitarist Claudio Sanchez's bedroom on what would become their groundbreaking debut album on Equal Vision Records. In the ten years since, the band have released five studio albums, three live DVDs, and established themselves as one of the world's great rock bands with one of the fiercest followings known in any genre.
One of the DVDs was the monstrous box-set Neverender, which documented the band's four-night-stand at Terminal 5 in New York City in October 2008, where the band played all four of their albums over four nights to 10,000 fans.
Tickets go on sale this Friday, January 14th in most cities. Go to www.facebook.com/coheedandcambria for specific ticket information.


The TVRCC can now confirm that the merger has been confirmed between long time TVR dealer and service centre David Gerald TVR Ltd, previously based in Inkberrow, Worcestershire and race car preparation and race component business Classic World Racing Ltd. They will re-locate to CWR's new 8,000 sq ft facility in Redditch, Worcestershire.
'This new partnership is an exciting chapter in the history of both businesses and will go a long way to guarantee a successful future for all concerned'. David Gerald is the acknowledged pre-1980 TVR specialist and customers come from far and wide to have their cars serviced and refurbished by them.Earlier this year CWR completed the build of a race car based on a 1967 wide bodied Tuscan which ultimately lead the company to design a 'revised' road going version called the Titan.
'We can now combine the engineering and build expertise of the CWR team with the sales knowledge, customer base and service facility of David Gerald, to bring the Titan to market.
Although progress on the Titan is behind schedule due to us having a very busy season with race customers, not to mention moving the business to larger premises, there is still continued interest in the retro looking sports car from home and abroad'.
Mike got to meet many TVR owners when he joined Doug on the David David Gerald stand at the recent Classic Car Show at the NEC.
'There are a lot of TVR car fans out there who have expressed a real interest in our new business so we will be announcing a date for an open day around spring next year where visitors will be able to take a look round the race shop, service centre and see the Titan as it is being built. This merger secures the longevity of the dealership and opens up some great opportunities for our customers, we will now be able to offer services such as suspension and brake up grades, engine tuning, complex engine transplants and left hand drive conversions as many TVRs do get taken abroad'.


text:
The science of questions that cut to the chase
Discover how Professor Becky Milne's groundbreaking research work is helping police, fire services and paramedics to ask the right questions at the right time
Becky Milne, Professor of Forensic Psychology at the University of Portsmouth, is so widely known as an expert on police interviewing techniques that the producers of The Bill sought her input to give their fictional cops authenticity.
Back in the real world, she uses her forensic psychology research to advise police, fire services and paramedics on how to question victims and witnesses of crimes, fires and incidents to best elicit useful information.
However, training control room personnel in UK fire and rescue services showed the challenge of dealing with an emergency. Operators, for example, often have to field such calls in 90 seconds, "but, in that time, operatives still have to build rapport with the caller". Professor Milne and the research team demonstrate how to structure rapport and communication within this time restriction and gather the needed information.
Just as we put tape around a forensic scene, I explain that we need to 'put tape around' everyone's head at a scene because it too is fragile, easy to contaminate and needs protecting. So we've got to be really careful, from the frontline all the way to court, about keeping that snow as uncontaminated as possible.
Professor Becky Milne, University of Portsmouth
Called in to help British Transport Police in the aftermath of the 2017 London Bridge terror attack, she was asked to advise on the best ways to interview police personnel – both for gathering information as part of the investigation and to help affected officers handle their own trauma.
The police officers themselves had been collecting information from shaken witnesses and walking wounded. Given the inevitably that most, or all, officers would one day again have to interview other victims of trauma, Professor Milne provided tools and techniques for gathering information to avoid adding to interviewees' trauma. She likens memory to a field of snow that should not be contaminated with the footprints of unnecessary questions.
"Just as we put tape around a forensic scene, I explain that we need to 'put tape around' everyone's head at a scene because it too is fragile, easy to contaminate and needs protecting.
"So we've got to be really careful, from the frontline all the way to court, about keeping that snow as uncontaminated as possible."
Professor Milne has run advanced interviewing training programs around the UK and abroad. She has evaluated police interview techniques for the Home Office and has helped to write the national guidance document 'Achieving best evidence', which sets out the best ways, for legal purposes, to interview vulnerable groups, such as abuse victims.
She has also worked on devising interview strategies for major incidents including terror attacks and, together with Dr Kevin Smith of the National Crime Agency, wrote the national guidance document 'Witness interview strategy for critical incidents'.
And now, it's being trialled and used in other countries, such as The Netherlands, highlighting the global relevance and challenge for interviewing and investigating techniques in today's often complex criminal scenarios.
Explore related research and stories
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Read SOLVE and explore how we're searching for radical solutions to some of the most pressing issues facing society and the planet.
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Hear from the researchers behind the exciting research breakthroughs taking place at the University on our Life Solved podcast.
Globally responsible, committed to identifying and solving problems, enriching people's lives and creating lasting impact.
See how we're making a difference


text:
import clsx from 'clsx';
import React from 'react';
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
import { withStyles } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
import FormControlLabel from '@material-ui/core/FormControlLabel';
import FormLabel from '@material-ui/core/FormLabel';
import Radio from '@material-ui/core/Radio';
import RadioGroup from '@material-ui/core/RadioGroup';
import Switch from '@material-ui/core/Switch';
import { capitalize } from '@material-ui/core/utils/helpers';
import SpeedDial from '@material-ui/lab/SpeedDial';
import SpeedDialIcon from '@material-ui/lab/SpeedDialIcon';
import SpeedDialAction from '@material-ui/lab/SpeedDialAction';
import FileCopyIcon from '@material-ui/icons/FileCopyOutlined';
import SaveIcon from '@material-ui/icons/Save';
import PrintIcon from '@material-ui/icons/Print';
import ShareIcon from '@material-ui/icons/Share';
import DeleteIcon from '@material-ui/icons/Delete';

const styles = theme => ({
  root: {
    width: '100%',
  },
  controls: {
    margin: theme.spacing(3),
  },
  exampleWrapper: {
    position: 'relative',
    height: 380,
  },
  radioGroup: {
    margin: theme.spacing(1, 0),
  },
  speedDial: {
    position: 'absolute',
    '&$directionUp, &$directionLeft': {
      bottom: theme.spacing(2),
      right: theme.spacing(3),
    },
    '&$directionDown, &$directionRight': {
      top: theme.spacing(2),
      left: theme.spacing(3),
    },
  },
  directionUp: {},
  directionRight: {},
  directionDown: {},
  directionLeft: {},
});

const actions = [
  { icon: <FileCopyIcon />, name: 'Copy' },
  { icon: <SaveIcon />, name: 'Save' },
  { icon: <PrintIcon />, name: 'Print' },
  { icon: <ShareIcon />, name: 'Share' },
  { icon: <DeleteIcon />, name: 'Delete' },
];

class SpeedDials extends React.Component {
  state = {
    direction: 'up',
    open: false,
    hidden: false,
  };

  handleClick = () => {
    this.setState(state => ({
      open: !state.open,
    }));
  };

  handleDirectionChange = (event, value) => {
    this.setState({
      direction: value,
    });
  };

  handleHiddenChange = (event, hidden) => {
    this.setState(state => ({
      hidden,
      // hidden implies !open
      open: hidden ? false : state.open,
    }));
  };

  handleClose = () => {
    this.setState({ open: false });
  };

  handleOpen = () => {
    this.setState({ open: true });
  };

  render() {
    const { classes } = this.props;
    const { direction, hidden, open } = this.state;

    const speedDialClassName = clsx(
      classes.speedDial,
      classes[`direction${capitalize(direction)}`],
    );

    return (

          <FormControlLabel
            control={
              <Switch
                checked={hidden}
                onChange={this.handleHiddenChange}
                value="hidden"
                color="primary"
              />
            }
            label="Hidden"
          />
          <FormLabel component="legend">Direction</FormLabel>
          <RadioGroup
            aria-label="Direction"
            name="direction"
            className={classes.radioGroup}
            value={direction}
            onChange={this.handleDirectionChange}
            row
          >
            <FormControlLabel value="up" control={<Radio />} label="Up" />
            <FormControlLabel value="right" control={<Radio />} label="Right" />
            <FormControlLabel value="down" control={<Radio />} label="Down" />
            <FormControlLabel value="left" control={<Radio />} label="Left" />
          </RadioGroup>

          <SpeedDial
            ariaLabel="SpeedDial example"
            className={speedDialClassName}
            hidden={hidden}
            icon={<SpeedDialIcon />}
            onBlur={this.handleClose}
            onClick={this.handleClick}
            onClose={this.handleClose}
            onFocus={this.handleOpen}
            onMouseEnter={this.handleOpen}
            onMouseLeave={this.handleClose}
            open={open}
            direction={direction}
          >
            {actions.map(action => (
              <SpeedDialAction
                key={action.name}
                icon={action.icon}
                tooltipTitle={action.name}
                onClick={this.handleClick}
              />
            ))}
          </SpeedDial>

    );
  }
}

SpeedDials.propTypes = {
  classes: PropTypes.object.isRequired,
};

export default withStyles(styles)(SpeedDials);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
"use strict";

Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
  value: true
});
exports.default = _default;
exports.resolveFSPath = resolveFSPath;

function _default(moduleName, dirname, absoluteRuntime) {
  if (absoluteRuntime === false) return moduleName;
  resolveFSPath();
}

function resolveFSPath() {
  throw new Error("The 'absoluteRuntime' option is not supported when using @babel/standalone.");
}


Hard-copy users can easily create, upload and merge markups using Inktronic's digital Smartpen & paper via their personal computer, mobile device or workstation; thus eliminating the need to continually scan, copy, fax, courier and route documents. Every project change is captured, tracked and archived for accountability into a central, secure cloud-based repository. Architectural engineering and construction changes no longer create major project delays while waiting for updated drawings and approvals.


The device's maximum voltage measured in volts.
The energy (joule = watt x sec.) that is effectively available to the enclosure.
A theoretical measure of energy, measured inside the actual device.
The load = number of km of fencing wire at which the device's voltage output has fallen to 1,500 volts. This disregards any kind of leakage (vegetation, moisture, faulty insulators, etc.).
The values may vary with the mains voltage where mains-powered devices are concerned.
All ELEPHANT electric fence devices conform with the latest European safety requirements, the European standards EN 61011/EN60335-2-76.
Mains-powered devices are cheap to operate – from approx. 1 watt for the ELEPHANT Mini M1 to approx. 15 watts for the ELEPHANT M115/M115-D. For battery-powered devices, please refer to information about operating times for the individual models.
To make optimal use of the fence device, it is a precondition that the earth connection is in working order. The earth rod should be made of galvanised steel, and the connections to this and to the enclosure should be made of galvanised fencing wire or high voltage-insulated electric wire cable/earth cable Please note: the earth connection must never generate a shock. If it does, it must be rectified with a longer earth rod or more earth rods.
For permanent fences it is usually best to use ordinary galvanised fencing wire. The electrical resistance in this (ohms per metre) is small and of no practical significance, even in long enclosures. (You must, however, be careful when joining wires). Polywire and polytape, which are easy to install, are not as robust, and you should make sure that the electrical resistance (ohms per metre) here is as low as possible.
Comparing the form shown with the fence lengths stated for each device will give you an overview of the relevant options.


text:
Ho! Die Nummer eins bin ich (Originaltitel: Ho!) ist ein französisch-italienischer Kriminalfilm aus dem Jahr 1968. Regie führte Robert Enrico. Das Drehbuch schrieben Robert Enrico, Lucienne Hamon und Pierre Pelegri. Der Film beruht auf dem 1964 erschienenen Roman Ho! von José Giovanni.

Handlung
François Holin, genannt Ho, war bis vor fünf Jahren Rennfahrer, ehe ihm die Lizenz entzogen wurde. Während eines Rennens hatte er bei einem Überholmanöver am Rad seines Konkurrenten und Freundes angehängt, worauf dieser mit seinem Wagen von der Strecke flog, das Auto in Flammen aufging und der Freund starb. Nun schlägt er sich als Fahrer für drei Ganoven durch, die Banküberfälle verüben. Bei einem solchen Coup löst sich aus der Pistole von Canter, dem Anführer der Bande, versehentlich ein Schuss und verletzt ihn tödlich. Mit den verbleibenden beiden Bandenmitgliedern, den Brüdern Schwartz, will Holin einen Überfall ausführen, den Canter noch vorbereitet hat. Diesmal will er aber nicht mehr nur Fahrer, sondern voll an der Aktion beteiligt sein.

Seiner Freundin Bénédicte, einem Fotomodell, gegenüber erwähnt Holin nichts von seinen ungesetzlichen Aktivitäten, sondern behauptet, er fahre Versuchsrennen in der Formel 2 und müsse dafür nach Panama fliegen. Für den geplanten Coup stiehlt er einen Peugeot, wird dabei aber von Passanten beobachtet, landet auf der Polizeistation und wird von Kommissar Paul in Untersuchungshaft genommen. Er wird in eine Zelle gebracht, die er sich mit anderen Häftlingen teilt. Mit einem von ihnen, der wegen seiner Vorliebe für Pralinen nur "Praliné" genannt wird, freundet er sich an. Er lässt sich einen Bart wachsen und ist danach vom Aussehen her nur noch schwer von Praliné zu unterscheiden, der nur 45 Tage absitzen muss. Holin überredet ihn, mit ihm die Kleider zu tauschen, sodass es ihm gelingt, an Pralinés Stelle aus dem Gefängnis entlassen zu werden.

Holin kleidet sich neu ein und wartet am Flughafen auf Bénédicte, die ihn mit ihrem Sportwagen abholt. Während der Fahrt in die Stadt berichtet er ihr, es sei etwas sehr Schlimmes passiert, man habe ihm die Rennfahrerlizenz entzogen, weil sein Freund bei einem von ihm verursachten Unfall ums Leben gekommen sei. Er stellt das Unglück so dar, als sei es erst jetzt geschehen. Unterdessen ist jedoch ein Artikel über ihn in der Zeitung erschienen, in dem er mit Al Capone verglichen und als ganz übler Krimineller beschrieben wird. Bénédicte nimmt es Holin vor allem übel, dass er ihr den Unfall erst jetzt und als neues Ereignis erzählt. Sie weint vor Empörung und sagt sich von ihm los.

Ein Bekannter fertigt für Holin falsche Papiere mit einem neuen Namen aus. Holin macht den Journalisten Georges Briand ausfindig, der den reißerischen Artikel über ihn in der Zeitung verfasst hat. Er wartet in Briands Wagen auf ihn und zwingt ihn, zu einem Wald zu fahren. Dort tut er dem Journalisten jedoch nichts an, sondern erzählt ihm nur seine Version, wie sich vor fünf Jahren der tragische Unfall auf der Rennstrecke zugetragen hat und wie er auf die schiefe Bahn geraten ist. Tatsächlich veröffentlicht Briand einen neuen Artikel in seiner Zeitung, der auf Holins Darstellung basiert.

Holin will nicht mehr mit den Brüdern Schwartz zusammenarbeiten, sondern wählt für den von Canter ausgeheckten Coup drei junge Neulinge, die sich bisher mit kleinen Delikten durchgeschlagen haben. Mit ihnen erbeutet er einen Geldkoffer, der fünfzigtausend Francs enthält, und teilt mit ihnen brüderlich. Einer von ihnen erhält von Holin den Auftrag, auch Praliné einen kleinen Anteil zu übergeben.

Bénédicte hat Holin verziehen und sucht ihn überall. Sie findet ihn schließlich in einer Bar und versöhnt sich mit ihm. Als Holin ein Kleidergeschäft verlässt, warten draußen zwei Polizisten auf ihn. Er schießt einen von ihnen an, erhält selber auch einen Schuss ins Bein und kann fliehen. Er sagt zu Bénédicte, er wolle seine Verbrecherkarriere beenden, er habe nicht das Format dazu. Sie fährt ihn zum Haus, in dem er wohnt, damit er seinen Koffer holen kann. Im Haus warten aber schon die Brüder Schwartz auf ihn. Sie nehmen ihm sein Geld ab und zwingen ihn, bei ihnen zu bleiben. Als er sich von Bénédicte verabschiedet, steckt sie ihm eine Pistole zu. Sie fährt durch das Tor auf die Straße und rast in eine Absperrung, nachdem Kugeln der Polizei die Windschutzscheibe ihres Autos durchschlagen haben. Der Wagen geht in Flammen auf.

Holin erschießt den jüngeren Schwartz und liefert sich im Haus eine Schießerei mit dessen älterem Bruder, der von Holin auch getötet wird. Die Polizei hat das Haus umstellt. Auf ihre ultimative Aufforderung, mit erhobenen Händen herauszukommen, ergibt sich Holin und wird festgenommen. Georges Briand bestätigt ihm, dass Bénédicte tot ist. In diesem Film ist Belmondo ausnahmsweise ein Verlierer, der am Ende abgebrannt und mit Schussverletzungen allein zurückbleibt.

Kritik

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1968
Französischer Film
Italienischer Film
Gangsterfilm

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Arsenal keeping ahead them in every match now which is definitely a green signal for them where as Liverpool, Manchester united is little bit slow on this moment. Most important point that Arsenal is defeating bit teams and making opportunity in Premier League. In this match against c palace, 8′ penalty goal by Santi Cazorla was the turning point for Arsenal. Besides that half time last moment goal by Olivier Giroud on 45'+1′ goal make opportunity for Arsenal to win against Crystal palace.
Crystal palace played well but can't score goal up to last moment. But 90'+4′ extra time goal by Glenn Murray was a comfort goal for c palace.


Four Artists. Two Days of Workshops. Two Day Parties. Two Nights of Dancing. Three DJs. You.
The Masters of Bachata TAKEOVER is a series of events put on by the Ferocity Dance Company that used to be called the DC Bachata Masters. We have grown this event from single artist, to multi artist in order to continue to be exposed to the different styles of bachata that are around today.
Our mission is simple: Unity.
We bring artists with specializations in different styles of bachata, and come with a single room mentality.
One workshop per hour. One bachata ballroom to dance in. All styles of bachata together.
It is our hope that you come as strangers, but leave as friends.
We created these events so that our dance community could learn from some of the best in the industry, make new friends, reconnect with old friends and create memories all in one weekend.
We would like to take this moment to ensure and notify all potential attendees of our zero tolerance policy.
Our events are inclusive to people from all walks of life, therefore our dance floor is a SAFE place, and we take our role and commitment in maintaining a safe place for our artists and attendees very seriously and reserve the right to refuse entry at any time to anyone that violates our code of conduct and value systems.
For those who proceed to the site and purchase passes to attend, we thank you in being part of our journey to creating and maintaining a safe community for new, current, and aspiring dancers to come.
Sponsoring opportunities exist for our events based on what you would like to offer!
Contact us at: kat@ferocitydance.com for information!
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A new study was recently published that broadens our understanding of how emotions relate to academic achievement. It's old news that emotions play a role in students' achievement and school functioning, but this study uses a different lens by looking specifically at emotional regulation rather than simply positive or negative feelings in students.
Here at The Yellin Center, we see a lot of students who are having trouble regulating their feelings and their behaviors. This incredibly complex skill is not often taught explicitly; rather, we learn it by observing others and experimenting with our actions over the years. Kwon, Hanrahan, and Kupzyk, the authors of the 2017 study, looked at how emotional expression and emotional regulation related to academic functioning. Emotional regulation is your ability to effectively process incoming emotions and modulate how you handle them and how you express them. It is very closely related to attention and behavioral regulation – your ability to inhibit or engage in certain behaviors. Not surprisingly, behavioral regulation is a common concern in classrooms, especially for students who have difficulty paying attention. The combination of attentional control, behavioral regulation, and emotional regulation can be called effortful control.
Prior research has already set the stage for the importance of effortful control and emotional regulation in younger students; the current study took it further by looking at older elementary students. Effortful control in our youngest students – preschoolers – is positively related to early literacy skills. In other words, young children who are more capable of processing their emotions and regulating themselves have higher literacy skills. Kindergartners with higher emotional regulation skills have higher literacy and math skills. Elementary students with better emotional regulation were more able to attend to academic tasks. This isn't surprising, considering how easy it is for our emotions to take up a lot of our limited brain space, or attention, and distract us from tasks.
The newest data support the notion that emotional regulation affects academic engagement which, in turn, affects academic functioning (e.g., achievement on standardized tests, teacher ratings of engagement). The authors point out that our emotions affect how well we are able to "allocate and utilize cognitive resources and skills" including those necessary for learning. Poor regulation of emotions, wherein our feelings may flood our mind, could lead to avoidance of academic tasks.
There are two important implications of this research. First, it reminds us that just as negative emotions and poor emotional regulation might affect achievement in a negative way, positive emotions and effective regulation are actually related to higher achievement. This means that rather than always placing a focus on targeting students with poor emotionality and trying to decrease sadness or anger, we should also remember to invest some resources into increasing happiness and exuberance. Second, it may be beneficial to directly teach students the skills necessary for effective effortful control, including emotional regulation. While many students develop these skills independently, there are many others who experience significant difficulty in school because they are expected to be able to control their behaviors, attention, and emotional expression without ever having been explicitly taught how to do so, and without being given room to practice without facing negative consequences.
Kwon, K., Hanrahan, A.R., & Kupzyk, K.A. (2017). Emotional expressivity and emotion regulating: Relation to academic functioning among elementary school children. School Psychology Quarterly, 32(1), 75-88.


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Garfield Kart Furious Racing Now Available, Launch Trailer
3.. 2.. 1.. GO! Garfield Kart Furious Racing launches today!
Today, Microids and Paws, Inc. are delighted to announce the European release of Garfield Kart Furious Racing on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch. The game is also available worldwide today on Steam!
Garfield Kart Furious Racing will launch November 19th in North America on all consoles.
Bring your family and friends together for up to 8 players online craziness and up to 4 players split screen action on PC, Xbox One and PlayStation 4. The Nintendo Switch version will allow 2 players to play in split screen mode, but players can take advantage of local, wireless connection to connect up to 8 consoles!
Three game modes will be available to please even the toughest of drivers: Grand Prix, Single Race and Time Trial.
About Garfield Kart: Furious Racing
Fans of racing, cats and lasagna: get ready!
Garfield, the world-famous cat, is back to take on Jon, Odie and their friends in this racing game where anything goes! Each of the available characters and karts (which can be customized with dozens of accessories) has its own characteristics and a unique driving style: make a strategic choice to match your play style so that you can cross the finish line in first place! Get off to the best start on the starting line and master tough skids to save time and win the race.
Crazy bonus items will be available too, including the pillow and the magic wand, to give you the edge over your competitors. And if you are as lazy as Garfield, take shortcuts and use the Spring to overtake everyone else!
Ready to cross the finish line?
Reunite today with The Garfield Show series' 8 iconic characters on PC and PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch in Europe (the console version will launch on November 19th in North America).


Stratton Gardens is well situated for exploring both Cornwall and Devon and is a peaceful hideaway, only one-and-a-half miles from Bude's wonderful beaches and dramatic coastline. Local activities include walking, bird-watching, cycling, golf, surfing, exploring the coast or moors, or simply unwinding.
Guests can enjoy our spacious comfortable lounge with open fire, licensed bar and beautiful, secluded terraced gardens. Local maps and walking books are available for guests to borrow.
Our delicious, locally sourced, award winning breakfast includes vegetarian and gluten free options. All of our spacious bedrooms are en suite and have flat-screen television and free wifi access. Car parking on site.


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Canada Joins the Tea Party
What does American health care reform and the Québec government's proposed bill 94 have in common?
Why, they're both collectivist ploys to take away your rights and guns, of course!
This morning the Montreal Gazette prints an editorial in which it argues that bill 94, a proposed rule that would require citizens to show their faces before receiving government services, is nothing short of an attack on human rights:
On July 1 1960, proposing his Bill of Rights in Parliament, Diefenbaker concluded with these much-quoted words: "I am a Canadian, a free Canadian, free to speak without fear, free to worship God in my own way, free to stand for what I think right, free to oppose what I believe wrong, free to choose those who shall govern my country. This heritage of freedom I pledge to uphold for myself and for all mankind."
Quebec's Bill 94, meanwhile, shows how "collective rights," even so badly defined as this new right for bureaucrats to see people's faces, can overrule individual freedom of attire. (…) Basic freedoms keep coming under attack from forces seeking more control over our lives. Ultimately laws and lawyers will not save us unless there is a strong public understanding that the limits on free choice, imposed by mobs or governments or both, will keep growing unless we all resist them.
This is the exact same reasoning the American right and groups like American Majority are currently using to convince people that Obama's health care reform is only the first step towards the transformation of the USA into a Spanish-speaking slave labour camp:
On March 23, 1775, 235 years ago today, Patrick Henry gave his immortal speech, closing with the lines, "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!"
I think the American people have a very important choice: are they going to resign themselves to the ever growing chains of government control over their lives, submitting willingly like sheep to acquire some false illusion of peace and prosperity? Or are they going to fight against the forces of statism and push back? That is the great question of the day.
From the defence of the right to hide your face to the government to the discovery, year after year, of illegal religious and linguistic schools who operate in total impunity, civil disobedience by assorted creationists to Québec's ethics and religious culture high school course (that teaches, G-D forbid!, that all religions carry some wisdom), constant legal challenges to Québec's elected officials constitutional prerogative to determine the language of education in Québec, the hysterical reaction to the merger of English-speaking municipalities in a united City of Montreal and Louise Harel's run for mayor… All this is starting to look more and more like the obscure reaches of the USA where "sovereign citizens" and "tax resisters" oppose the very legitimacy of the democratically elected government.
There seems to be, in Québec, as in the USA, a weird coalition between Anglo Conservatives and various ultraorthodox religious minorities against the very legitimacy of a State run by people who are not like them.
More than a decade ago, Josée Legault demonstrated in her book L'Invention d'une Minorité how the rhetoric of "individual rights" was highjacked by so-called activists to defend the "collective right" of Québec's english-speaking minority to opt-out of Québec institutions and build their parallel network of (fully subsidised) institutions.
Today a new cast of minorities: ultra-catholics, orthodox Muslims and and uniformed Jews, are re-enacting the fight for the right to opt-out of Québec society with full compensation, play-by-play, with English-Canada's elites cheering them on.
That's no surprise. The English-Canadian media has been able to come up with arguments for surprising shit, from segregation to organized crime and now to giving self-appointed clerics veto power over the laws of the land, as long as it's been able to squeeze an argument against the legitimacy of Québec's government and it's democratically elected officials out of it.
In that way they are no different than American Tea Party leaders who welcome anyone, from Birthers, to Minutemen and the Militia movement to their rallies, just as long as they oppose The Government.
The good news is that the vast majority of English-Canadians agree their media elites are idiots.
Posted in What Canadians don't know about Canada
« English Canada's New Passion for the Niqab
Gilles Duceppe's Separatist World (…ok, Canadian) Tour »
More belt tightening by the rich needed?
http://lautjournal.info/default.aspx?page=3&NewsId=2043
Only in Quebec, surrounded on 3 sides by high English walls can we contemplate demanding so much of our businesses without them getting up and leaving. But it is possible…?
But something has to be done. Frankly, illegal though it would be, I would like to see a surtax on the money people and businesses made from stock and real estate speculation from 2000-2008. Those who profited the most were the very ones who are at least indirectly responsible for the crash. Those who lost big during 2009 could get a write-off of the losses against the surtax.
It is only with the clarity of hindsight that we can pinpoint which economic activities led to the downfall of the markets, and the depletion of pensions. Can we tax irrational exuberance?
Unless you've got some different information than I do, Québec has some of the lowest corporate taxes in North America…
Our big business tax rates are OK.
11.9% in QC, compared with 12% in NB, MB, & SK, 11% in BC and 10% in AB. ON is 14% and PEI as usual wins with 16%.
Small business rates (<$500K) are brutal though: 8% vs. 5.5% in the next highest province ON. But this is makes sense as small businesses are less mobile in general.
QCs strengths are its low energy costs, strong universities and somewhat lower operating costs (but highly taxed). And strong tax incentives for certain targeted industries like biotech.
In fact our main advantage is that Canadian federal corporate tax rates are much lower than US rates. But doing business in the US has other advantages like lower personal income and consumption tax rates.
The real question is how much higher is the local gov't willing to go to deal with a crisis.


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Author`s name AP ©
British civil servant sentenced to six months
A British civil servant was sentenced be a judge on Thursday for breaking the Official Secrets Act. He leaked a classified memo about a meeting between Prime Minister Tony Blair and U.S. President George W. Bush.
David Keogh, 50, a government communications officer, was found guilty of "making a damaging disclosure" by passing on the secret memo about April 2004 talks between the two leaders in which Bush purportedly referred to bombing the Arab television station Al-Jazeera.


Allison Hagendorf is a certified Health Coach whose work focuses on nutrition, fitness and behavior modification. Her website is called Fit to Feast and it follows her "fit to feast" lifestyle that is about finding the balance that works for you, so you can be fit and eat up life.
Allison's "Fit to Feast" mantra turned event series, takes place the first Saturday of each month from 10am-12pm at the Hotel Erwin in Venice Beach. For $45, guests start with a 20 minute sweat session on the beach followed by a satiating brunch menu prepared by Chef Adam Stuedel of the Hotel Erwin.
The 20 minute sweat session is an intense period of squats, sprints, push-ups and more. But, Allison proves that it's not about how long you work out, but how effective and intensive you work out. The 20 minutes we spent on the beach is far more effective in burning calories and speeding up metabolism than sitting on the treadmill, bike or elliptical machine for an hour or more. Plus the workout that we did on the beach is something that can be done in your home or a hotel room. Great tips for someone like me who travels a lot and can find 20 minutes to work out but not an hour while on the road.
Once we were sweaty, and sandy, we returned to the Hotel Erwin where we enjoyed egg dishes and potatoes and fruit. After a good workout, a healthy but tasty meal, full of protein is what is needed. It's not about green juices and calorie counting. It's about enjoying.
It is refreshing to meet a health coach who likes to eat and who encourages others to do the same. And, there really isn't a better way to spend a Saturday morning than on the beach with the sun shining and the waves crashing.
Don't miss the next Fit to Feast event! Mark your calendar for the 1st Saturday of the month and get ready! To sign up for future dates, click here.
This entry was posted in Food, Lifestyle and tagged Allison Hagendorf, beach, exercise, Fit to Feast, fitness, food, health, hotel erwin, Venice Beach, workout on the beach by Allison Levine.


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Home / World Cinema (Browse) / Japan / Doomed Megalopolis Complete Collection (Media Blasters) (Blu-Ray)
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Doomed Megalopolis Complete Collection (Media Blasters) (Blu-Ray)
To celebrate its 30th anniversary, the supernatural anime classic makes its stunning blu-ray premiere! An evil sorcerer bent on crushing the "greatest city on earth" uses dark powers to awaken the destructive spirit of Tokyo's historic "guardian." To save the city, a team of occultists, scientists and children become embroiled in a multi-decade supernatural struggle to oppose the forces of darkness! Lo
Doomed Megalopolis Complete Collection (Media Blasters) (Blu-Ray) quantity
SKU: 631595214987 Categories: Animation, Blu-Ray, Browse All Titles, Horror / Thriller, Japan, Latest Arrivals, World Cinema (Browse) Tags: Anime, Doomed Megalopolis, Media Blasters, November 2021
To celebrate its 30th anniversary, the supernatural anime classic makes its stunning blu-ray premiere! An evil sorcerer bent on crushing the "greatest city on earth" uses dark powers to awaken the destructive spirit of Tokyo's historic "guardian." To save the city, a team of occultists, scientists and children become embroiled in a multi-decade supernatural struggle to oppose the forces of darkness! Long out of print, the epic four-chapter saga returns in all it's horrific glory! Includes the original Japanese language audio with English subtitles and an English dubbed audio track. (135 mins.)
009-1: The End of the Beginning (Blu-Ray)
Fist of the North Star: The Movie (Blu-Ray)
Out of the Blue (BFI) (Blu-Ray Region B)
Devil Dog (Media Blasters) (Blu-Ray)
Oracle (Media Blasters) (Blu-Ray)


Lake Tekapo Holiday Homes offers a wide range of fully self-contained holiday accommodation with stunning lake and mountain views, just a 5-minute drive from the lake foreshore and Tekapo Village.
Mary Hut, a perfect honeymoon retreat.
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Each house has a fully equipped kitchen, lounge area and a private bathroom and most have a garden area for you to enjoy our beautiful scenery. There are barbecue facilities and outdoor furniture available in selected homes for relaxing in the summer or cooking under the stars.
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All properties within 2 kms of Tekapo Village.
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World Peace Foundation
Video: How a statue unveiled the President Just how big is the international arms trade? (part 2)
Just how big is the international arms trade? (part 1)
By Samuel Perlo-Freeman On September 25, 2017
NB: this topic is discussed at greater length, with more details on the methodology used to obtain an estimate, in an occasional paper now available on the WPF website.
The question sounds straightforward, but the answer is anything but. Available data on the financial value of the international arms trade is extremely poor, such that even estimating a figure for the total value of the legal world trade in arms is fraught with difficulties. Breaking this down in more detail, in terms of buyers and sellers, is even more problematic. For a phenomenon so significant to international relations, it is highly unfortunate that the data is so poor.
International data sources
Several organizations produce data on the international arms trade: but as the people who produce the data would likely be the first to admit, there are serious problems with all of them. Estimates of the total financial value of the international arms trade in 2014 range from $54.1 billion to $188 billion. The surprising thing is that both these extreme estimates come from different parts of the US Government: The Congressional Research Service (CRS)'s annual Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, and the State Department's World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers (WMEAT).
What is the main reason for this enormous difference? Their figures for the US's own arms exports! Specifically, the CRS only includes transfers under the government-to-government Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program, excluding direct sales from US companies to foreign buyers under the Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) program. WMEAT includes DCS transfers, but their figure for such transfers is a huge overestimate, based on a methodology that includes transfers to US forces overseas, which form a substantial majority of such transfers. We will look more closely at the problems with DCS data later. There are other problems with the CRS and WMEAT data: both give figures for some EU member states' exports that are substantially lower than the official figures provided by these countries as part of their national arms export reporting. Since the sources used by CRS and WMEAT are not transparent, there is no way to assess if their reasons for discounting these official sources are valid.
The most widely cited source, and the one generally accepted as most authoritative, is the SIPRI Arms Transfers Database, which provides detailed qualitative and quantitative information on international arms transfers. According to the most recent data release by SIPRI, the total volume of the trade in major conventional weapons in 2016 was 31,075 million.[1]
Million dollars? No, million "Trade Indicator Value" (TIV) units. What is a TIV unit? For full details, you should read the SIPRI sources and methods. Basically, it is an attempt to assign a similar value to similar items of military equipment, regardless of the price paid; the reason SIPRI does this is because the financial data is so bad. For US systems, the TIV is linked to their unit production cost, while other systems are given a TIV based on the nearest equivalent US system For example, one of the most advanced Russian combat aircraft, the Sukhoi Su-30MK, is assigned the same value as a US F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. The quantitative TIV measure is based on a comprehensive database of specific arms deals and deliveries, from a myriad of sources, including government, arms companies, and general and specialist media.
This is a well-tried system, which aims to give an accurate measure of the volume of international arms transfers, including between specific pairs of countries. But it does not give us a financial measure, and in fact the TIV values often do not correlate very well with financial values, where these are known. The TIV measure can do what the name describes – it can measure trends in the international arms trade, and can also provide comparisons between; but the problem with the TIV numbers is that they can't be meaningfully compared to anything else.
The poor quality of available data is not simply about secrecy, though that can play a part. It's about whether anyone is collecting the data in the first place. Part of the problem is that "arms" or "military equipment" do not constitute a single "Standard International Trade Classification" (SITC), or any combination of SITC categories—the classification system used worldwide by customs organizations, from which national and international trade statistics are compiled. There is a category "Arms and ammunition", but this only captures, roughly speaking, things that go boom: guns, artillery, missiles, bombs, torpedoes, rocket launchers, etc. There is also a "Tanks and armored fighting vehicles" category. But military aircraft and ships and their subsystems are mixed in with the corresponding civilian categories, as are military electronics systems, radars, and communications systems, so important to modern military operations.
Some terminology
International arms trade Transfers of military equipment and services from one country to the military forces or defense ministry of another country, or to a non-state actor in another country. This is not the same as:
Arms production Most arms production, as well as the provision of military services, is not exported, but is conducted for the armed forces or defense ministry of the country in which the producer/service provider is located. The total value of global arms production is very hard to estimate, chiefly due to a lack of data for China, the world's second-biggest producer.
Military spending World military spending, which in 2016 stood at around $1.7 trillion, is far higher than spending on arms, as it also includes salaries and other personnel costs, operating expenditures (fuel, supplies, basic services, rent, travel, repair and maintenance, non-military equipment, etc), as well as construction costs. In any country, most military expenditure consists of personnel and operating costs.
Legal vs illegal trade Almost all arms exporting countries require exporters to obtain an export license before transferring military equipment abroad. The legal arms trade refers to trade conducted with the authorization of national governments. There is also a substantial illicit trade, as well as a 'grey' trade that exploits loopholes in national laws. By its nature, the illegal and grey arms trade is essentially impossible to measure.
Licenses, orders, and deliveries Figures for arms transfers can relate to the value of export licenses granted by governments, of contracts signed (orders), or of actual deliveries of arms. Export licenses are a useful way of assessing government policy, but a poor measure of transfers, as not all licenses lead to actual contracts and deliveries. The value of orders gives a picture of the state of the international market, but again, not all orders are fulfilled, and delivery may take place over many years, sometimes more than ten. This article focuses on deliveries, the actual amount of arms transferred in a given year.
National data sources
In addition to these data sources with international coverage, many countries provide reports on their national arms exports, to a greater or lesser degree of comprehensiveness, ranging from a press release with a total annual figure and some key customers, to detailed records of the value and type of equipment exported to each recipient. These national sources offer the best possibility of building an estimate of the total value of the global arms trade.
However, what information is collected will depend on a government's interest in collecting it, and what is provided will depend on what they wish to communicate to their own citizens and the wider. There are three key types of information that may be collected and published by arms exporters,[2] each with a different purpose: information on export licenses is mostly used for assessing the way in which export controls are being applied, but typically does not reflect well what is ultimately delivered. Information on orders or contracts gives a picture of a country's relative success in the international arms market, and their arms trading relationships with individual partners and clients. Information on deliveries, which is what we are interested in, allows the best assessment of what military equipment is actually being transferred when. National reports on arms exports by most countries that produce them, as well as EU Annual Reports that include information from all member states, are collected in the SIPRI database on national arms exports reports.
The problem is that different countries report different things. Even within the EU, although all countries are asked to submit figures on both licenses and deliveries, the UK and Germany, for example, do not provide figures on deliveries. The UK and France also provide figures on the value of orders, but not all EU countries do this, and the UK figures only break these figures down by region, not by individual recipient. License figures can be problematic: on the one hand, not all licenses lead to deliveries, so for most countries that provide figures for both, the value of licenses is generally considerably greater. On the other hand, EU figures for licenses typically cover only licenses for a single delivery of a specified quantity of equipment to a particular customer, excluding so-called open or general licenses, that allow for multiple deliveries of a type of equipment to one or more customers over a longer period of time. The UK in particular makes extensive use of such open licenses, so that UK license figures substantially underestimate the UK arms trade.
Among other major exporters, Russia reports deliveries, but the complete lack of detail makes these figures hard to assess. South Korea and Israel report only orders, again with very little detail. China provides no data at all. Then we come to the world's number one arms trader: the United States.
(continued in part 2)
[1] This excludes small arms and light weapons (SALW), components, and most subsystems.
[2] Few if any countries provide data on the level of their arms imports.
Tagged with: arms trade
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