text:
What asset managers should know about 'toxic' securities
H. Bradford Glassman and Melissa M. Price
This is a critical time for investment professionals who still hold "toxic" securities associated with the 2007-'09 financial crisis to take stock of their options.
Many investment managers wrote these assets down, or wrote them off, some years ago. Many, we suspect, will not act to realize the potential value in them before the impending expiration of limitations periods — in particular, the important six-year window for fraud and misrepresentation claims under New York common law. That will leave a windfall for issuers, many of which made fortunes constructing and marketing defective securities to their customers, betting against them for their own account, and now evading accountability.
Asset managers holding these mortgage-backed securities are therefore well advised to review their portfolios carefully to determine whether they might be sitting on potentially valuable legal claims with a limited shelf life. A partial recovery of value, after all, is better than a complete write-off. And the process of recouping value need not be onerous, although it will require some attention from management at certain stages.
The financial crisis spawned a number of different types of litigation, based on the various financial products and the roles of various players in bringing them to market. We focus here on the most common and straightforward types of mortgage-backed-securities litigation: those involving collateralized debt obligations, credit default swaps and shares in entities investing in these securities, often using leverage.
Claims based on MBS
As is the case with most securities, CDOs and CDSs were designed to deter and withstand litigation. And as is the case with all securities, they do so only imperfectly, because those who sell investments to third parties, and do so with superior information, invite judicial scrutiny if they mislead. A critical variable affecting litigation prospects is the quality of the risk disclosures in the relevant subscription agreement, prospectus or other legal instrument. Broad, general risk disclosures are generally not effective. Specific disclosures that identify and fairly characterize the risks that actually emerged and caused the loss do tend to be effective. But even with such disclosures, evidence of other communications, including informal ones, might strengthen the claim, because courts understand that investors pay greater heed to real communications from the promoter of the investment than to "boilerplate" legal wording in a prospectus. Similarly, non-reliance clauses tend to be effective when they are not broad or boilerplate, but rather reflect actual negotiation between the parties as to the representations that are agreed as not having been relied upon in making the investment. "Special knowledge," for example, risks disclosed to investors as merely possible when in fact they were known to be actual, might also lead to a finding of securities fraud.
These principles are useful, along with other variables, in predicting the outcome of claims in court, and therefore also their settlement value. In U.S. litigation, a critical threshold for a legal claim is the motion to dismiss — analogous to a strike-out application in the U.K. and similar legal systems. A defendant that does not succeed in having the claim dismissed faces the very considerable expense and distraction of U.S. discovery. Denial of the motion to dismiss also might change the handicapping for the other major pre-trial motion, the motion for summary judgment, which is usually filed at the close of discovery. It is therefore not unusual for a claim to settle after surviving a motion to dismiss. The parties at that point have tested the claim for legal sufficiency, it is headed for trial absent summary judgment, and significant expense and risk lie ahead for the defendant. Some other factors affecting settlement value include the solvency of the defendant(s), the availability and extent of insurance coverage and adverse enforcement actions and related publicity — for example, where the defendant was investigated by the Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or Congress — in some cases, with incriminating e-mails and documents laid bare.
A key legal issue that might result in permanent dismissal of claims is the expiration of the applicable limitations periods. Among the longest and most-often applicable limitations periods are the six-year periods that apply to fraud and misrepresentation claims under New York common law. The expiration of a limitations period can be a complete bar to bringing a claim, and hence it is extremely important to pay attention to this time-sensitive issue and to seek timely advice. A limitations analysis should not be undertaken by non-experts, as there are complicated rules for when a cause of action accrues; what factors may "toll" or stop the clock; which among different potentially applicable statutes actually apply; whether "borrowing" statutes or other special provisions may change the applicable period; and other issues that may determine whether a claim is untimely. An error can be costly: a time bar might nullify the claim and, even where there are arguable bases for extending the limitations period, the risk of dismissal is increased and the settlement value of a claim is accordingly diminished.
The experience to date with claims based on toxic securities is fairly typical of securities claims: according to one informal survey, nearly half survive a motion to dismiss. Available data suggest that settlement values are also fairly typical, albeit within a very broad range. Each case, of course, turns on its own facts, and a general overview is not a substitute for a thorough examination of the circumstances of the actual investment in light of applicable legal standards. We have learned that some securities were constructed precisely because of their poor quality, as an instrument to bet against; others were deliberately mispriced; and still others were intentionally misdescribed to potential investors.
What is important for a money manager holding CDOs, CDSs and/or shares in corporate vehicles that invested in these securities is to seek advice, without delay, to determine whether valuable claims may exist and what limitations periods apply. There is little risk in obtaining an evaluation of potential claims, a significant potential upside, and the possibility of a closed window if too much time is allowed to pass.
H. Bradford Glassman is a partner and Melissa M. Price is an associate with Lewis Baach PLLC, in Washington.
ABP sues Credit Suisse over mortgage losses
Dutch fund giant ABP sues Goldman Sachs over RMBS statements
Shareholder litigation finds growing foothold overseas
Chicago police pension fund sues Bank of America, U.S. Bancorp
Judge deletes ERISA lawsuit against Microsoft for offering a BlackRock target-date series
Federal judge dismisses ERISA complaint against Eli Lilly
Plaintiffs bag ERISA lawsuit against Trader Joe's


text:
Hans Carl Johan Wallén (Upsala, 19 de enero de 1961) es un deportista sueco que compitió en vela en las clases Optimist, Europe, Star y Soling.

Participó en tres Juegos Olímpicos de Verano, obteniendo una medalla de plata en Atlanta 1996, en la clase Star (junto con Bobby Lohse), el quinto lugar en Barcelona 1992 (Star) y el séptimo en Sídney 2000 (Soling).

Ganó una medalla de oro en el Campeonato Mundial de Optimist de 1976, dos medallas en el Campeonato Mundial de Europe, oro en 1978 y bronce en 1980, una medalla de plata en el Campeonato Mundial de Star de 1993 y una medalla de bronce en el Campeonato Mundial de Soling de 2000.

Palmarés internacional

Referencias

Regatistas de Suecia
Regatistas de Suecia en los Juegos Olímpicos de Barcelona 1992
Regatistas de Suecia en los Juegos Olímpicos de Atlanta 1996
Regatistas de Suecia en los Juegos Olímpicos de Sídney 2000
Medallistas olímpicos de plata de vela
Medallistas olímpicos de plata de Atlanta 1996
Medallistas olímpicos de plata de Suecia
Regatistas de la clase Europe
Regatistas de la clase Star
Regatistas de la clase Soling
Campeones mundiales de la clase Optimist
Campeones mundiales de la clase Europe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


GreenSquare Homes has successfully acquired land for two development sites in Wiltshire to bring more new homes to the region.
In the last two months GreenSquare Homes has agreed to purchase land in Malmesbury and Marlborough.
At Burton Hill in Malmesbury, plans are for 27 new homes specifically for the over-55s. The aim is to start on site early 2020, once detailed planning consent is received.
Plans for land at Rabley Wood in Marlborough will see 39 new homes built, 16 available for affordable rentand shared ownership, with work also hoped to start early next year. Plans also include new public open space and a play area.
Further developments are expected to commence in the next three months: The Jam Factory, Easterton – 30 homes for sale; Middlefields, Chippenham – 35 homes for rent and shared ownership; and Briar Leaze, Compton Bassett – a regeneration project replacing six older properties with 13 new homes, predominantly for rent.
Barry Wood, managing director at GreenSquare Homes said: "These are really positive steps for us in achieving by March 2022 the profit target set by the GreenSquare Board. Profits from selling new homes are used to support growth ensuring GreenSquare's ability to build more affordable homes for a range of customers with a range of needs."
Meanwhile a new development already underway in Wiltshire is Blunsdon Meadow in north Swindon, where GreenSquare Homes is currently constructing 52 new homes.
Work began on site late 2017 and the first residents moved in last November. The homes comprise of 10 bungalows and 27 three and four bedroom houses for sale, and 15 two and three bedroom houses for shared ownership. The entire development is due to be completed in Spring 2020.
Other current developments include Hares Chase in Cricklade with 70 new homes. The show homes and sales centre open next month over the Easter weekend.


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text:
Home News LeapRate Forex Fraud Watch – Ron McCullough and David Mayhew charged for misappropriating $1.6 million
LeapRate Forex Fraud Watch – Ron McCullough and David Mayhew charged for misappropriating $1.6 million
News February 20, 2014 —by Gerald Segal 0
Fraudsters solicited $2.3 million for forex trading from 11 individuals
The CFTC has issued a press release detailing their latest enforcement action against Ron Earl McCullough and David Christopher Mayhew. The complaint filed by the regulator alleges that both have fraudulently solicited about $2.3 million from 11 investors and have subsequently misappropriated $1.6 million of the obtained funds instead of using them to trade on the forex market. A related order has been issued to mandate Travis Maurice Cox penalties to settle fraud charges.
The party has managed to conduct their fraudulent scheme between December 2008 and January 2012 misinforming their investors about the risks that are commonly associated with trading on the foreign exchange markets. McCullough and Mayhew guaranteed the return of their investors' principal and promised doubling of invested funds in pretty short periods of time.
According to the CFTC filing they have instead used some of their victims' funds to repay other investors and falsely reported to their customers while in reality they used funds to cover personal expenses. The complaint states that Mayhew also produced false statements that have hidden the misappropriation, trading losses and lack of trading.
Both individuals are charged for misappropriating $808,000 to make repayments to their customers and some additional $829,000 for their own personal expenses, which included an online forex trading course and travel expenses.
Travis Maurice Cox has participated in the solicitation of about $1.3 million from five individuals, while claiming that McCullough and Mayhew have already made money for him. In addition he didn't even transfer all funds to his partners, therefore misappropriating $114,000 for personal use. The order issued against him requires him to pay $1.3 million in restitution and a $330,000 civil monetary penalty.
For the full press release visit CFTC's website.
For more on the global Forex industry see the LeapRate-Dow Jones Forex Industry Report.
Forex fraud
leaprate forex fraud watch
CFTC charge
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More forex trader suspensions, this time at RBS
CFTC orders more than $255K restitution in forex fraud case
Estonian FX broker Tallinex to pay $10M in restitution and $681K penalty
Cifuentes Fund Management and owners charged and fined $1.8M over Forex fraud scheme
Hopes for Bitcoin withdrawals from Mt Gox dashed to pieces…NewsBitcoin prices on the Japanese exchange are diving to $140 as the promised update by Thursday is delayed We hope that you haven't been amongst those…
More forex trader suspensions, this time at RBSNewsFCA unlikely to go public with its investigation findings before 2015 The Royal Bank of Scotland has announced the suspension of yet another forex tra…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
"""
Running in dev:
python app.py

If you want to create a new db when you run:
DROP_CREATE=true python app.py
"""
from flask import Flask, render_template, jsonify, request
from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from sqlalchemy.schema import Index
from datetime import datetime
from os import environ
from json import loads, dumps

app = Flask(__name__)
env_db = environ.get('DATABASE_URL')
drop_and_create_db = environ.get('DROP_CREATE')

if env_db:
    app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = env_db
    drop_and_create_db = False
else:
    # just assume dev, who cares
    app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:////tmp/test.db'
db = SQLAlchemy(app)

TIME_FORMAT = "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %Z"

# API

def render(content):
    '''Render inner template into base'''
    return render_template("base.html", content=content)

@app.route("/")
def add_form():
    '''Render the map view to add a report'''
    key = "AIzaSyAF_o9iMtsGlET7yYVhAWoLFsRGBU9ge4o"
    content = render_template("form.html", key=key)
    return render(content)

@app.route("/save", methods=['POST'])
def post_save():
    '''Save a report'''
    success = False
    message = None
    try:
        data = loads(request.data)
        success = save(data)
    except Exception as e:
        app.logger.error(e)
        message = str(e)
    return jsonify({"success": success, "message": message})

@app.route("/view")
def view():
    view_html = render_template("view.html")
    return render(view_html)

@app.route("/view-json")
def view_json():
    event_types = request.args.get('event_types', '').split(',')
    start_date = request.args.get('start', None)
    end_date = request.args.get('end', None)
    page = int(request.args.get('page', 1)) - 1
    limit = int(request.args.get('limit', 50))

    start_date = datetime.strptime(start_date, TIME_FORMAT) if start_date else None
    end_date = datetime.strptime(end_date, TIME_FORMAT) if end_date else None

    report_resp, total = load_reports(page=page, limit=limit, event_types=event_types,
                                      start_date=start_date, end_date=end_date)
    reports = []
    events = []
    if report_resp:
        reports = [r for r in report_resp]
        report_map = {r.id: r for r in reports} if reports else {}
        events = load_events_for_reports(reports) if reports else []

    for e in events:
        report = report_map.get(e.report_id)
        if not report.events:
            report_map = []

        report.events.append(e)

    return jsonify({
        "events": [e.to_dict() for e in events],
        "reports": [r.to_dict() for r in reports],
        "total": total
    })

@app.route("/recent")
def view_recent():
    recents, total = load_reports(limit=10)
    return render(render_template("recent.html", recents=recents, total=total))

# Service

def save(form):
    email = form.get('email')
    conditions = form.get('conditions')
    starting = form.get('starting')
    ending = form.get('ending')
    input_date = form.get('date')
    association = form.get('association')
    events = form.get('events')

    if not events:
        raise Exception("Please include events")

    date = datetime.strptime(input_date, TIME_FORMAT)

    report = Report(email, conditions, starting, ending, date, association)
    if not report.is_valid():
        raise Exception('Report not valid. {}'.format(report))

    db.session.add(report)

    for f_event in events:
        event_type = f_event.get('type')
        latitude = f_event.get('k')
        longitude = f_event.get('d')
        comment = f_event.get('comment')
        people_involved = f_event.get('people_involved')
        event = Event(event_type, latitude, longitude, people_involved, comment, report)
        if event.is_valid():
            db.session.add(event)
        else:
            raise Exception('Event {} is not valid'.format(event))

    db.session.commit()

    return True

def load_reports(page=0, limit=50, event_types=None, reporter=None,
                 start_date=None, end_date=None):
    offset = page * limit
    query = Report.query

    if start_date:
        query = query.filter(Report.date >= start_date)

    if end_date:
        query = query.filter(Report.date <= end_date)

    if event_types:
        # TODO - will actually require rewriting how these queries are performed
        pass
        # query = query.filter(.type.in_((123,456))

    total = query.count()

    query = query.order_by("ID DESC")
    query = query.limit(limit)
    query = query.offset(offset)

    return query.all(), total

def load_events_for_reports(reports):
    report_ids = [r.id for r in reports]
    query = Event.query.filter(Event.id.in_(report_ids))
    return query.all()

# DB Models

class Report(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    reporter = db.Column(db.String(120))
    conditions = db.Column(db.String(2000))
    starting = db.Column(db.String(120))
    ending = db.Column(db.String(120))
    date = db.Column(db.DateTime(), index=True)
    association = db.Column(db.String(255))

    def __init__(self, email, conditions, starting, ending, date, association):
        self.reporter = self.munge_email(email)
        self.conditions = conditions
        self.starting = starting
        self.ending = ending
        self.date = date
        self.association = association

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<Report {} {}>'.format(self.id, self.date)

    def munge_email(self, email):
        try:
            at_pos = email.index("@")
            return email[:2] + "..." + email[at_pos:]
        except Exception:
            return "no email"

    def to_dict(self):
        return {
            'id': self.id,
            'reporter': self.reporter,
            'conditions': self.conditions,
            'starting': self.starting,
            'ending': self.ending,
            'date': self.date.strftime("%B %-d, %Y"),
            'association': self.association,
            'events': [e.to_dict() for e in self.events] if self.events else []
        }

    def is_valid(self):
        if self.date:
            return True

class Event(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    event_type = db.Column(db.String(3))
    latitude = db.Column(db.Float())
    longitude = db.Column(db.Float())
    comment = db.Column(db.String(500))
    people_involved = db.Column(db.Integer)

    report_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('report.id'))
    report = db.relationship('Report',
                             backref=db.backref('events', lazy='dynamic'))

    report_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('report.id'))

    def __init__(self, event_type, latitude, longitude, people_involved, comment, report):
        self.event_type = event_type
        self.latitude = latitude
        self.longitude = longitude
        self.people_involved = people_involved
        self.comment = comment
        self.report = report

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<Event {}: {} ({}, {}) report: {}>'.format(self.id,
                                                           self.event_type,
                                                           self.latitude,
                                                           self.longitude,
                                                           self.report_id)

    def to_dict(self):
        return {
            'id': self.id,
            'event_type': self.event_type,
            'latitude': self.latitude,
            'longitude': self.longitude,
            'report_id': self.report_id,
            'comment': self.comment,
            'people_involved': self.people_involved
        }

    def is_valid(self):
        required = [self.event_type, self.latitude, self.longitude, self.report]
        for prop in required:
            if not prop:
                return False
        return True

Index('event_type_index', Event.report_id, Event.event_type)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    if drop_and_create_db:
        print db.drop_all()
        print db.create_all()

    app.run(debug=True)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


When Carolyn Burke landed a teaching job nearly three years ago at a charter school in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, she saw it as an opportunity to move back to her childhood neighborhood.
This was where Ms. Burke's parents, immigrants from Barbados, introduced her to art at the Brooklyn Museum, blocks from the family's basement apartment on Eastern Parkway near Franklin Avenue. Her father now had cancer, so moving back home took on a new urgency.
The neighborhood, once burdened by drugs, crime and racial strife, has changed in the decade since Ms. Burke left home. Nail salons, bodegas and 99-cent stores along Franklin Avenue have been joined by shops selling brick-oven pizza and craft beers. New rentals and condominiums have risen in place of dilapidated buildings, attracting young professionals and white couples pushing strollers. But it was not until she started apartment-hunting that Ms. Burke, who describes herself as Afro-Caribbean, realized that all the changes left little room for her.
Ms. Burke had been living in Harlem, paying $1,400 a month for a two-bedroom walk-up. In Crown Heights, a broker showed her a two-bedroom, for $3,500 a month, so small that it did not have a full-size oven. She applied unsuccessfully for other apartments.
Ms. Burke is among a generation of young New Yorkers who grew up in neighborhoods that have rapidly gentrified. When they were children, their corners of the city were dismissed by wealthier — and usually white — New Yorkers. But now that their neighborhoods are hot prospects, these young people are struggling to stay, and wondering what comes next.
In interviews with about a dozen young native New Yorkers, all from areas where real estate prices have soared and new residents have poured in, mixed emotions surfaced about the consequences of gentrification. Some of those interviewed were members of minority groups, some were white; all were between the ages of 23 and 34. For some, new restaurants, shops and services were welcome, especially if amenities had once been sparse, but to others, they seemed like a hostile takeover. Some said the old sense of community had disappeared in construction dust. None had been able to afford an apartment of their own in their childhood neighborhoods.
A few said that moving had offered them a chance to discover a new swath of the city. But others simply felt unmoored.
And, when residents displaced by gentrification move into neighborhoods they can afford, they are often considered gentrifiers, too.
Young people face a daunting path in the city. Although 18- to 29-year-olds are the most educated group of young workers in the city's history, they earned about 20 percent less in real wages in 2014 than they would have in 2000, according to a report by the office of Scott M. Stringer, the city comptroller. The environment is particularly tough for young blacks, who faced an 11.4 percent unemployment rate in 2014, more than double the 5.2 percent experienced by young whites, according to the report.
At the same time, rents in predominantly black neighborhoods are rising at a faster clip than in wealthier areas, putting added pressure on young people whose parents may not be able to help their offspring pay the rent or guarantee a lease. While wealthier peers might be able to lean on their parents financially, young members of minority groups like Ms. Burke are more likely to need to help out their parents.
In Crown Heights, the average rent for a one-bedroom apartment jumped 47 percent between 2010 and 2015 to $1,877 a month, while the increase for Brooklyn overall was 29 percent, at $2,607 a month. And in Harlem, rents for one-bedrooms in non-doorman buildings rose 36 percent during the same period, to $2,149 a month, twice the 18 percent increase to $3,138 for Manhattan overall, according to an analysis of data provided by MNS, a real estate firm.
She eventually found a two-bedroom apartment in Bedford-Stuyvesant for less than $3,000 a month. Her place is 30 minutes away by bus and subway from her parents' home in Crown Heights.
Lifelong residents, meanwhile, receive very different signals. Havanna Fisher was in elementary school in 1999 when Starbucks arrived on West 125th Street in Harlem. As other national chains moved in, Ms. Fisher attended community meetings with her mother, a carpenter.
Over the next decade, Ms. Fisher, who describes herself as black, watched as upscale restaurants and cafes joined mom-and-pop shops. Whole Foods Market, a potent symbol of gentrification, will soon open on West 125th Street. Abandoned brownstones have been restored, but in many cases, the new owners and tenants are white.
Between 2000 and 2014, the black population in Central Harlem fell to 55 percent from 77 percent, while the white population rose to 15 percent from 2 percent, a trend echoed in other gentrifying neighborhoods, including Bedford-Stuyvesant and Crown Heights, according to a report released on May 9 by the NYU Furman Center. The report found that the number of college graduates, young adults and families without children grew much faster in gentrifying neighborhoods than in other parts of the city.
No neighborhood, of course, is impervious to change. Young people who grew up in wealthier parts of the city have had to contend with prices that eclipse their junior salaries. They, too, find themselves living in cramped quarters in distant neighborhoods or sleeping in their childhood bedrooms well into their 20s.
But the transformations wrought by gentrification can reshape a community within a very few years, potentially erasing a neighborhood's history and identity. Both those who leave and those who stay behind grapple with unrecognizable landscapes.
Two years ago, Mohamed Ghareb moved out of the building where he was raised on East Broadway on the Lower East Side. He found a room in a rundown house in Sunset Park, Brooklyn, adding an hour to his commute to SoHo, where he works in international digital marketing.
He never warmed to the neighborhood. "It definitely felt like it was its own community already and I wasn't from there," said Mr. Ghareb, 27, who describes himself as Tunisian and Egyptian. After four months, he moved back to East Broadway, where he shares a rent-regulated apartment with his grandmother; his parents also live in the building.
But the old neighborhood does not seem much like home, either. Many of the new stores and businesses that have moved in, Mr. Ghareb said, don't appear to have the locals in mind. Last year, Ice & Vice, an ice cream shop, opened near Mr. Ghareb's home. The shop, dedicated to handcrafted ice cream made from ingredients like beer, blue corn and "lobster" croutons, sells $12 pints.
Being priced out of the nest is not always a loss. Sometimes it means the start of a new chapter. Two years ago, Chyann Sapp, who describes herself as African-American, decided it was time to move out of her mother's apartment on West 120th Street in Harlem.
Ms. Sapp, a playwright and a saleswoman for Citi Habitats real estate, didn't necessarily mean to leave Harlem, but she found the rents to be "just insane," she said. So she widened her search to include the Bronx, a borough she barely knew.
Since Ms. Sapp arrived, Blink Fitness opened on Macombs Road in Mount Eden, about a half-mile from her apartment. More people are moving to the area, many priced out of Harlem and starting another wave of migration — and displacement.
Two years ago, André Springer, an artist, was renting an apartment for around $900 a month on the top floor of his mother's townhouse in Bedford-Stuyvesant. Then she decided to sell the building that she bought in 1996 for around $150,000.
Mr. Springer, 33, handled the sale for his mother, Jacqueline Spencer, 56, an immigrant from Barbados who works for the Department of Education. He listed the building on Decatur Street for $1.2 million, hoping to deliver her a comfortable retirement. The house ultimately sold early last year for $825,000, falling short of expectations, but Ms. Spencer was able to buy a house in Rosedale, Queens, with the proceeds. Mr. Springer now pays $700 a month for a bedroom in a two-bedroom apartment in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, receiving a discount for walking a dog.
A May 15 cover article, about young people who can no longer afford to live in the neighborhoods where they grew up, referred incorrectly to the neighborhood where Blink Fitness on Macombs Road in the Bronx is, and misstated its distance from the apartment of Chyann Sapp, one of the people described in the article. It is in Mount Eden, not University Heights, and about a half-mile from her apartment, not a few blocks away.


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characteristics of herbs, shrubs and trees
Shrubs are typically bushy style plants, some of which can be pruned into ornamental designs, while others do better when left to their own natural shapes. All parts of herbs are used in various medical or spiritual practices. Fill in the blanks with the correct word: However, herbs are non-woody, less branched, shortest plants while shrubs are medium-sized, woody, and multiple branched plants. There are about 50 to 150 herbs and shrubs seen in ocimum genus variety. Write examples of modification in stems: (a) Performing photosynthesis (c) Tendril stems (b) Underground stems (d) Thorny stems 4. Note three characteristics of shrubs that distinguish them from trees and herbs. Shrubs are sometimes described as small trees, and in fact, many trees can take the form of shrubs if they are pruned and trained correctly. 1. This book has been written primarily to assist practising foresters, agriculturists, livestock experts, general land use planners, etc., who work with shrubs and trees in the field. Low thorny trees/bushes with shrubs and herbs and common. Shrubs. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple stems and shorter height, less than 6 m-10 m (20 ft–33 ft) tall. [19] Shrub plants differ according to height as well as a number of other characteristics. Table 1 . Small shrubs, less than 2 m (6.6 ft) tall are sometimes termed subshrubs 2. In addition to the Araliaceae and Apiaceae, a third group has recently been added to the Apiales. Smaller than Trees - Shrubs are usually less than 3–6 m (15–20 ft) tall. 3. There are some perennial herbs, such as oregano, rosemary, and sage. Rubiaceae, the madder family (order Gentianales) of flowering plants, consisting of 611 genera with more than 13,150 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees. Some shrubs have scents, but herbs generally have strong aromas and are used more by humans in medical and culinary applications than are shrubs. The stem is hard but not very thick. Overview. Flowering shrubs are also a boost to pollinators, providing … A total of 29 species belonging to … 2.Herbs don't have multiple stems while shrubs have multiple branches. First, trees, shrubs, and woody vines are the only plants with woody growth, which makes them similar. Why is a grape vine sometimes regarded as a shrub? It has drought resistant shrubs, aromatic plants and dwarf trees such as maquis, thorny acacia. "Shrubs" are woody plants less than 13 feet tall that usually have multiple stems, and the stems are generally less than 3 inches in diameter at breast height. Worksheet on types of plants contains various types of questions on different kinds of plants like trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers, creepers, water plants etc. Shrubs have multiple stems and many are covered with flowers of all shapes and sizes. Trees and Shrubs for Fall and Winter Bloom Fall and winter flowers add cheer in the Pacific Northwest's rainy season. Plants with green and tender stems are called herbs. to grow more trees and shrubs for various reasons, including income generation, timber, medicines, soil fertility, honey production, biodiversity and watershed protection. Many people think, for example, that so-called banana trees are trees, but in fact, they are considered the world's largest herb. (b) Mean biomass of different vegetation strata (trees, shrubs, herbs and total (sum of all strata)) and standard errors for lower montane forests, home gardens, coffee plantations and grasslands. They are generally easy to distinguish from other plants, mainly because of their characteristic inflorescence and other shared characteristics. Lack of Trunk - Most of the Shrubs lack Trunk. Note three characteristics of shrubs that distinguish them from trees and herbs. 5. However, they can still be identified as shrubs. Shrubs do not grow as tall as trees, generally not reaching higher than 4.5 meters. This is the Trees are big plants that have woody stems, … Why is a grape vine sometimes regarded as a shrub? Shrubs 4. Shrubs are often confused with herbs because of their similar characteristics, but we should know that shrubs are taller than herbs. Characteristics and Feature of Shrubs. Starting with a short botanical profile, including colour photographs, the botanical abstract summarizes the content of the relevant literature, where possible supplementing it with personal field observations. Classifications of Plants. As a general rule, "trees" are woody plants 13 feet tall or taller that typically have only one trunk. Shrubs are usually perennials and thus grow larger than herbs. Rubiaceae - Coffee, madder; herbs, shrubs, and trees; leaves opposite or shorled, usually entire; flowers 4- or 5-merous; stamens as many as corolla lobes … Shrub, any woody plant that has several stems, none dominant, and is usually less than 3 m (10 feet) tall. Herbs and shrubs are the different types of plants categorized on the basis of their size and branching pattern. They are usually short and may not have many branches. SUMMARY: 1.Herbs are shorter than shrubs. 4.Herbs can be grown beneath the shrubs whereas shrubs cannot be grown in such a way. Trees, Shrubs and Herbs for Slope Stabilization in Landslide Prone Areas of Eastern Himalaya. Hardened shrubs may evolve into tree-like plants. Name a shrub that produces edible nuts. 1. Characteristics of Shrubs. Name three important wild or cultivated food shrubs of your locality. Shrubs differ by virtue of branches that grow near or below ground level, while trees typically have a single trunk and branches that begin higher above ground level. While some Hydrangeas can be grown as trees or climbers, they are predominantly grown as shrubs. The family is distributed primarily in tropical areas of the world. Mention the height and stem characteristics of herbs, shrubs and trees. VII) Trees - Trees … 1. Class 6. The use of fodder shrubs and trees has been more widely practised in Java where population pressure on land makes it imperative that every available feed resource is fully utilized. Herbs consist of soft and unbranched stems, whereas shrubs have woody, branched and multi stems. Economically important species include coffee and numerous ornamental plants. Summers are hot and dry while winters are mild and rainy. When much-branched and dense, it may be called a bush.Intermediate between shrubs and trees are arborescences, or treelike shrubs, from 3 to 6 m tall.Trees are generally defined as woody plants more than 6 m tall, having a dominant stem, or trunk, and a definite crown shape. Biology. Presented in Volume 1 are microsections of the xylem and phloem of herbs, shrubs and trees of 1200 species and 85 families of various life forms of the temperate zone along altitudinal gradients from the lowland at the Mediterranean coast to the alpine zone in Western Europe. Flowers come in a vast range of sizes, shapes, and colors, with something to suit every gardeners taste and style. Getting to Know Plants. Shrubs are intermediate between herbs and trees, and can be cultured to develop into herbs or trees, depending on the cultivation conditions. A shrub or bush is a small- to medium-sized perennial woody plant.Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground.Shrubs can be deciduous or evergreen. Characteristics of Trees . This means that some shrubs, like the lilac, can actually tower over a smaller tree. VI) Shrubs and Bushes - Usually under 6 m tall, shrubs and bushes are categorized as woody Plants. The characteristics of the overstory trees and the understory shrubs and herbs in the three plantations are presented in Table 1. 2. Learn Videos. Shrubs typically branch near the ground and so have several narrow stems rather than a single Trunk. 1. '—' indicates the absence of understory species in a plantation. Trees are the dominant natural vegetation in the humid zone, while short trees and shrubs predominate in the drier sub-humid area. The rainfall is very low. Horsetails, now considered a non-vascular herb, used to be a tree-like. Shrubs are often confused with herbs because of their similar characteristics, but shrubs are taller than herbs. Herbs, Shrubs and Trees. Herbs have soft and unbranched stems, whereas, shrubs have woody, branched and multi stems. 5 min. Herbs, Shrubs and Trees. Write examples of modification in roots: (a) Storage of food (c) Slit or adventitious roots (b) Prop roots (d) Climbing roots 3. 3.There are about 3 groups of herbs while there are four groups of shrubs. Stand characteristics (mean ± standard error, n = 5). Based on these charactersitics most plants can be classified into three categories: herbs, shrubs and trees. The herbs in this family are near-cosmopolitan and largely found in temperate uplands. The Pittosporaceae is a medium sized family of primarily evergreen trees and shrubs, many of which are climbers. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of three typical medicinal perennial herbs, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Rheum altaicum, and Ferula sinkiangensis, and examined their response to local soil properties in Altay Prefecture, China. 35 families of various life forms of the temperate zone along altitudinal gradients from the lowland at the Mediterranean coast to the alpine zone in Western Europe. Some plants have the stem branching out near the base. Shrubs 1. Shrubs may be evergreen or may shed their leaves at maturity (deciduous). [These are the differences between trees and shrubs: . Herbs. Characteristics Members of the Asteraceae are mostly herbaceous plants , but some shrubs, climbers and trees (such as Lachanodes arborea ) do exist. 2. Herbs, shrubs, trees all are the type of plants that have a growth on earth. They are smaller than Trees as they are less rigid than a single thick trunk. A large number of trees and shrubs, both leguminous and non-leguminous are listed in the literature as being suitable for feeding livestock (Le Houérou, 1980); Brewbaker, 1986; Atta-Krah, 1989). Special attention is given to the very diverse family of Asteraceae. Trees, shrubs and woody vines. With over 70 species in their genus and over 600 cultivars, the variety in Hydrangeas is enormous. 3. Some shrubs have tree sub-species more closely related than other shrubs. What are herbs and shrubs? Presented in Volume 2 are microsections of the xylem and phloem of herbs, shrubs and trees of 1000 species and ca. Read the concept to answers the questions on different kinds of plants that grow in different weather. Some trees (ginkos, for example) have been around since before most herbs. 4. 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Something to suit every gardeners taste and style rigid than a single Trunk characteristics of herbs, shrubs and trees trees... Sometimes regarded as a shrub of primarily evergreen trees and shrubs, like the lilac characteristics of herbs, shrubs and trees can actually tower a!
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Lunar New Year flights canceled due to adverse weather in S. Korea
SEOUL Jan 24, 2023 - 11:13 pm GMT+3
Passengers walk through a Seoul railway station ahead of the Lunar New Year holidays, Seoul, South Korea, Jan. 20, 2023. (AFP File Photo)
by Reuters Jan 24, 2023 11:13 pm
About 500 flights to and from the South Korean tourist island of Jeju have been canceled as a cold wave gripped the country, authorities said on Tuesday, disrupting the final day of the Lunar New Year holiday for travelers.
All 466 domestic flights and 10 international flights scheduled to fly to and from Jeju International Airport were canceled, an airport spokesperson told Reuters.
Korean Air Lines confirmed it had canceled 88 of its daily flights in and out of the island.
Tuesday saw some of the coldest temperatures of the season, and heavy snow and strong winds were expected to hit southern parts of the country including Jeju.
Weather authorities issued cold wave alerts for most of the country, with morning lows dropping to minus 16.4 Celsius (2.5 Fahrenheit) in Seoul and to minus 25.5C in the northern county of Cheorwon, according to Yonhap news agency.
Yonhap also reported that hundreds of ferry voyages across the country were also canceled.
Tuesday was the last day of the Lunar New Year holiday, which is one of South Korea's two biggest holidays.
Last Update: Jan 25, 2023 12:23 am
south korea weather flights
TFMD's Press Photos of the Year 2022


This rate is for two guests, using one queen bed. We can provide extra bedding for a third guest, or the second guest using separate bedding for $30/night.
Experience unique, spacious, eco-friendly accommodation unlike any other at One of a Kind Apartments, Dickson. Enjoy spacious, fully furnished, award winning serviced apartments, close to local eateries and just minutes drive from the heart of Canberra.
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Great new clean accommodation and friendly service. Definitely recommend and will stay here again.
Dear Kayne Morris, Thank you so much for staying with us and taking the time to leave this review. We are so happy to hear that you enjoyed your stay and we would love to welcome you back on your next visit to Canberra.


We've been fed numbers from those supporting a "march to zero" on the income tax, suggesting it is essential for Kansas' economic growth. Here's a host of facts for you to digest this week that seem to suggest otherwise. You can decide for yourself how Kansas compares with other states in a number of categories.
How Kansas compares with the no-income-tax states in economic growth — this shows the change in real per-capita gross domestic product from 1997 to 2009: Kansas, 18.8 percent; Alaska, 5.4; Florida, 13.5; Nevada, 1.6; New Hampshire, 20.5; South Dakota, 47.6; Tennessee, 5.1; Texas, 12.6; Washington, 16.5; and Wyoming, 52.2.
Residential real estate taxes per $1,000 of home value, compared to neighbors: Texas, $18.08; Nebraska, 17.55; Kansas, 12.95; Missouri, 9.06; Oklahoma, 7.39; and Colorado, 6.04.
Property taxes for 2011 as a percent of gross domestic product: Colorado, 5.24 percent; Missouri, 5.33; Nebraska, 5.02; Oklahoma, 5.87; Kansas, 6.21; and Texas, 6.67.
Share of total state/local tax revenue coming from property taxes in 2007 (10 worst): New Hampshire, 61.3 percent; Vermont, 42.1; New Jersey, 41.7; Texas, 41.6; Rhode Island, 41.1; Michigan, 39.3; Connecticut, 38.2; Illinois, 37.1; Florida, 36.8; and Wyoming, 36.8 … compared to Kansas, 30.5 — we're not on "the list," although in 2011, Kansas trended up to 32.38 percent.
Projected state budget shortfall for Fiscal Year 2013: Florida, 8.4 percent; Kansas, 0; Nevada, 37; New Hampshire, 20; Texas, 20.4; and Washington, 22.2.
Share of state budget coming from federal dollars — how dependent are states? — researched state-by-state: Florida, 41.4 percent; Tennessee, 38.0; Texas, 40.8; Kansas, 27.7; and Washington, 23.6.
Compare Kansas with neighbors: 2011 property tax rankings (1=best, 50=worst): Kansas, 41; Colorado, 15; Missouri, 11; Nebraska, 24; Oklahoma, 27; and Texas, 29.
Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates, December 2011: Kansas, 6.3 percent; Alaska, 7.3; Florida, 9.9; Nevada, 12.6; New Hampshire, 5.1; South Dakota, 4.2; Tennessee, 8.7; Texas, 7.8; Washington, 8.5; and Wyoming, 5.8.
Compare the total business tax burden: 2011 corporate tax index rankings (50=worst): Kansas, 35; Colorado, 12; Missouri, 5; Nebraska, 34; Oklahoma, 7; and Texas, 46.
My sources for these statistics were, "Dispelling the Myth", by Tom Kruekemneyer as part of The Missouri Budget Project; a feport from the National Association of Home Builders; http://www.usgovernmentrevenue.com/compare_state_ad_valorem_taxes; the Tax Foundation (most current available information); Center for Budget and Policy Priorities report; and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Use regular brackets (parentheses) to indicate a separate thought or expression within a sentence.
She taught the statistics course (one of the toughest in the curriculum) for 15 years.
Regular brackets can be used to offer an explanation or definition of a term or an acronym that is to be repeated within the text.
The Rothermere Scholarship (Memorial's most prestigious scholarship) was won by a student from Gander, Newfoundland.
Use brace or square brackets within a direct quote to indicate words of explanation that are not actually part of the original quotation.
"Those enrolling in it [the master's program] should know that the requirement is six full credits and a thesis," said Professor Jones.
Avoid nested parentheses ([ ]) or square brackets inside round brackets, whenever possible.


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Reservoir::Reservoir( float p, float l, float h, float n )
: m_profondeur(p), m_largeur(l), m_hauteur(h), m_niveau(n)
{
}

Reservoir::~Reservoir(){
}

void Reservoir::operer( float duree ){
	float tartre = calculerAccumulationTartre(duree, m_hauteur, m_profondeur*m_largeur);
	addTartre(tartre);
}

void Reservoir::nettoyer(){
	removeTartre();
}


Asthma is a cyclical disease, with episodes that come and go. Flares don't just "happen" however. Subtle warning signs are there if you know where and how to look. By the time you begin coughing or wheezing, your lungs are already congested and compromised. That's why you need to pay close attention to the subtle signs and follow the treatment plan prescribed by your health care provider.
The following management tools have proven to be excellent for anticipating and shortening a flare. Always keep the goal of preventing or minimizing asthma symptoms in mind.


The music preparatory class of Sholeion Psaltikis is a class focused on children from 3,5 to 6 years old. Children at this age are hungry for knowledge and they want to explore the world. Because of that everything we show them with delectable way they understand it very easy and quick. At this hungry we rely with purpose to open the music horizons of the children. For more details press here.
Acquire a deep knowledge of Byzantine music with the help of a traditional music instrument. For more informations see here.
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Report on Political Discussions Between the League for the Revolutionary Party (U.S.) and the Internationalist Socialist League (Israel/Occupied Palestine) (September 2009)
admin on March 8, 2013 — Leave a Comment
A Joint Statement by the LRP and ISL
For over eighteen months, the League for the Revolutionary Party (U.S.) and the Internationalist Socialist League (Israel/Occupied Palestine) have conducted discussions over political theory and program. Through these discussions our two organizations have established a very significant degree of agreement on key questions.
Practical participation in great working-class struggles quickly and decisively tests the revolutionary credentials of political parties. Both the LRP and ISL are, however, small propaganda groups; while we make every effort to join in the struggles of our fellow workers and oppressed people, our size and geographic isolation inevitably limit our ability to participate in and test our revolutionary program in practice. Under these conditions, our two groups' claims to represent the genuine banner of revolutionary Marxism are mostly to be judged on the level of theory and program and on stands on the great events in the international class struggle. Therefore, the LRP and the ISL have taken an extended period of time to methodically discuss a broad range of theoretical and programmatic questions. Mindful of the hasty, unprincipled fusions and splits that typify relations between groups on the far left, we aim to present a principled, theoretically serious alternative, the better to win the confidence of revolutionary-minded workers.
Our discussions so far have addressed questions ranging from the strategy for Palestinian liberation, to the class nature of the Stalinist and ex-Stalinist states and the causes of the current global economic crisis. During this time we have also discussed new events – such as the Russia-Georgia war of 2008, Israel's war on Gaza in the winter of 2008-9, and the recent events in Iran – and the attitude revolutionary socialists should have toward them.
Comrades of the LRP and ISL have also visited each other's countries for face-to-face discussions. Those visits have provided both groups the opportunity to experience first-hand the democratic debate from which each group's positions develop, as well as each other's practical efforts to advance the cause of building the revolutionary party through participation in existing working-class struggles, protest movements and left milieus.
Genuine revolutionaries look for co-thinkers – comrades who think for themselves and who can collectively work to solve the current and future theoretical and programmatic problems presented by the class struggle – and who can together conduct a determined struggle to build the international revolutionary leadership our class needs. The LRP and ISL's experience of discussions and cooperation to this point give us no reason to doubt that in our respective organizations we have found such comrades. By announcing our discussions, our two groups wish to provide interested revolutionary-minded workers and youth with the opportunity to follow our developing political discussion and collaboration and judge its serious and principled character.
In this report, since the ISL is a relatively new organization, we will describe some of its history and then summarize our two groups' discussions so far.
ORIGINS OF THE ISL
The comrades who founded the ISL have traveled a long way politically in recent years: from the International Marxist Tendency (IMT), which is among the most class-collaborationist groups claiming the banner of Trotskyism, to their current discussions with the LRP. Indeed the ISL's senior member, Yossi Schwartz, began his search for genuine revolutionary working-class politics as a member of the Israeli Communist Party. After breaking from Stalinism, however, Comrade Schwartz, like many other would-be revolutionaries, became trapped for years inside the maze of "orthodox Trotskyism," most notably as a long-term and prominent member of the Spartacist Tendency, as well as a brief later association with the Co-ordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International (led by the Argentine Partido Obrero).
Having gone through the traumatic experience of the Spartacists' stifling sectarianism and abusively bureaucratic internal life, Comrade Schwartz mistakenly looked to join an ostensibly Trotskyist group that seemed the exact opposite. So in 2003, he and others chose to join the IMT. A key reason for their decision was their mistaken belief that the most important thing they could do to advance the cause of building a revolutionary party in Israel at the time was to enter the Communist Party in order to recruit radicalizing elements, particularly among its Palestinian rank-and-file. The IMT, which is known for its conception that entry into and support for reformist Social Democratic and Stalinist parties is an unavoidable stage of working-class struggle, was all too eager to encourage such a perspective.
But historical events were already working to spur the radicalization of the comrades who would go on to form the ISL. Zionism was rapidly heading toward a crisis of legitimacy, as its brutal oppression of the Palestinians became increasingly exposed around the world. Most importantly, the Palestinian struggle had reached a dead-end and a terrible crisis of leadership. In the Oslo Accords of 1993, the nationalist PLO leadership had completely betrayed the struggle for Palestinian self-determination by accepting the state of Israel's right to exist on stolen Palestinian land. Since then, through its notoriously corrupt Palestinian Authority government, the PLO has acted to police the masses on behalf of Israel in the small territories it had been permitted to oversee. In reaction to this betrayal, the populist Islamists of Hamas and other groups claimed to represent a political alternative that would not sellout to the Zionists. While events would disprove these claims, their radical posturing won them increasing popular support.
The founding ISL comrades' initial differences with the IMT arose in the aftermath of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 2006. The IMT's leaders insisted that Israel's Jewish working class is no less potentially revolutionary than any other, and so they expected that the defeat of Israel's war aims in Lebanon in 2006 would trigger a leftward radicalization within it. It turned out that the Israeli Jewish workers not only overwhelmingly supported their government's bloody offensive, but after the war they swung further to the right, boosting support for right-wing Israeli politicians who criticized the government for not prosecuting the war more ruthlessly.
This development is explained by the unique nature of Israel as a colonial settler state. It is a basic truth that the great majority of the world's workers have "nothing to lose but their chains" and therefore have a fundamental interest in overthrowing the capitalist system. The same cannot be said of Israel's Jewish workers. Like other labor-aristocratic layers in imperialist countries, they enjoy certain material privileges based on the imperialist status of their ruling class. But unlike even other labor-aristocratic workers, their gains are enjoyed at the direct expense of the Palestinian masses and they live on land stolen from the Palestinians. Thus they see the aggressive actions of the Israeli state as the guarantor of their privileged existence. While the IMT, like most socialist groups, stubbornly closes its eyes to these facts, the future ISLers soon realized that they could not afford to do the same if they were to advance a genuine perspective for the struggle for Palestinian liberation and for socialist revolution in the Middle East.
The breaking point came with the 2007 civil war in Gaza. Elections to the parliament of the Palestinian Authority in 2006 had seen Hamas score a crushing victory over the PLO's dominant Fatah faction. The following year, Fatah military forces, with the political and material support of both Israel and the United States, launched an offensive against Hamas with the aim of driving it from power. Recognizing that the Palestinian masses had handed Hamas their electoral victory as a protest against Fatah's betrayals, and that the latter's military attack on Hamas was being conducted at the service of Israeli and U.S. imperialism, the future ISLers correctly took a stand on the side of the Palestinian masses in Gaza under the leadership of Hamas and for the defeat for Fatah and the aims of its imperialist backers. The IMT leaders, on the other hand, opposed this courageous stand and instead insisted on a position of neutrality in the civil war.
The future ISLers did not capitulate to the IMT leadership's arguments, however, and went to the Tendency's next international conference, in Barcelona in 2007 to argue their case. The pressure of debate there forced the comrades to look more critically at the positions the IMT was taking elsewhere around the world, as well as to look deeper to the roots of their political disagreements.
As they explain in their document "The ISL's Break with the IMT,"1 the comrades soon argued against the IMT's popular frontist policies in Pakistan, where its supporters were functioning as a part of the bourgeois Pakistan People's Party, and in Venezuela, where the IMT had become uncritical cheerleaders of bourgeois nationalist Hugo Chávez. During these debates they also caught IMT leader Alan Woods in an outright lie when he denied that the Irish Communists had supported the nationalists in the 1922-23 civil war. All this was predictably more than the IMT's leaders could take, and they soon expelled the comrades without ever pressing charges or allowing them the right to defend their views in a trial.
FOUNDING VIEWS OF THE ISL
In their political struggle with the IMT leadership, the future ISLers' disagreements over the Palestinian struggle quickly spread to differences over a range of international issues. Following their expulsion, the comrades began rethinking their understanding of Marxism on the most fundamental level.
1. In Defense of the Strategy of Permanent Revolution
The betrayal of the cause of Palestinian self-determination by the PLO confirmed Trotsky's perspective of permanent revolution, which teaches that bourgeois forces among the oppressed are ultimately dependent on the imperialist system for their privileged social position and would inevitably side against the masses. Trotsky argued that the struggle of the oppressed for their liberation could only achieve victory through the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism by the working class; and that the working class could, in turn, only win popular support and fit itself to rule by establishing itself as the unwavering champion of the cause of the oppressed.
However, many who claimed the banner of Trotskyism insisted that the Palestinians had to sacrifice their rights to one extent or another in order to win the support of Israeli workers. The ISL comrades concluded that the starting point for a revolutionary program in Israel/Occupied Palestine had to be an uncompromising struggle for Palestinian self-determination, which means the full right of return of Palestinians to their homeland and their right to majority rule in a Palestinian workers' state.
How could such a workers' revolution be achieved? Recognizing that the Palestinian masses were outgunned and overpowered by the Israeli state, the IMT's leaders had previously convinced the ISLers that the Palestinians had no alternative but to base their hopes on the supposedly revolutionary potential of the Israeli working class. The ISLers recognized that this perspective was hopeless. They broke out of the narrow perspective limited to the national borders of Israel and Palestine and pointed to the potential of the revolutionary struggles of the working class of the entire region, particularly that of the Arab working class of neighboring states, to come to the aid of the Palestinian workers and poor. The Palestinian working class would at the same time continue its inspiring role in the anti-imperialist and working-class struggle in the Middle East and around the world.
Further, the ISL comrades understood that behind the IMT's refusal to defend Hamas against Fatah's imperialist-backed attacks stood an overall accommodation by the IMT to imperialism. For example, in the case of the Malvinas (Falklands) war of 1982, the IMT refused to defend Argentina, an oppressed neo-colonial country, against British imperialism. Similarly, in the struggles in Northern Ireland, the IMT had refused to side with the Irish Republican Army fighting against British imperialism. And beyond the IMT, the ISL comrades saw that all the major groupings claiming the banner of Trotskyism had at some time or other similarly betrayed the principle of unwavering defense of the oppressed against imperialist attack.
2. The Collapse of Stalinism and the Bankruptcy of "Orthodox Trotskyism"
Further spurring the ISL's radicalization was the collapse of Stalinism, an event totally unexpected by the "orthodox Trotskyist" milieu that the ISL's founding members were part of. The core faith of the orthodox milieu is that the Stalinist states were workers' states. That view was refuted by the fact that the working class barely lifted a finger to defend "their" states from collapsing and in many cases had been a key force in anti-Stalinist mass struggles. But if the Stalinist states were not workers' states, what was their class nature? The ISL comrades correctly concluded that if the working class had been oppressed and exploited by those states, then the Stalinist bureaucracy that ruled them must have functioned as a capitalist ruling class.
The ISL's break from the orthodox "deformed workers' state" theory did not lead them to a break from Trotskyism, however. On the contrary, they continued their struggle to defend the authentic revolutionary tradition from abuse and distortion. The ISL comrades had fought inside the IMT to defend the perspective of permanent revolution from those who betrayed it in Trotsky's name. Now they understood that the idea that the Stalinists had created workers' states after the Second World War betrayed not only Trotsky's judgment that the Stalinists were a thoroughly counterrevolutionary force, but also the fundamental Marxist understanding that only the working class could overthrow capitalism. The ISL now saw that rejecting illusions in the progressive potential of Stalinism was essential for reviving the genuine revolutionary tradition of Trotskyism.
Importantly, the ISL comrades quickly concluded that the idea that Stalinist forces could play a revolutionary role expressed a cynical lack of confidence in the revolutionary potential of the working class, as well as the illusory hope that non-proletarian forces could succeed in overthrowing capitalism where the workers had failed. This cynicism explained the IMT's capitulation to social democratic reformism at home in Britain, as well as its political support for bourgeois nationalist forces in Pakistan and Venezuela. It also explained the very similar capitulations of the Spartacists, who are notorious for their celebratory support for Stalinists as well as for Stalinist-influenced nationalist popular fronts like the Sandinistas in Nicaragua and the FMLN in El Salvador in the 1980s.
As the ISL comrades re-examined the history of Trotskyism, they began tracing a pattern of betrayals all the way back to the post-World War II period. The IMT's craven support to Chávez in Venezuela was not fundamentally different from the degenerating post-war Fourth International's support to Tito in Yugoslavia, to whom its leaders ludicrously offered membership in the International. ISLers had known that the Fourth International had crossed the class line by supporting the government of an "anti-imperialist" bourgeois party in the Bolivian revolution of 1952; the FI's relatively large Bolivian section, with a significant base in the working class, betrayed Trotskyism's basic principle of always fighting for the political and organizational independence of the working class from capitalist forces. The FI thus contributed to the demobilization and demoralization of the working class and bore responsibility for the workers' ultimate defeat. The ISLers would later conclude that this decisive betrayal in practice marked the end of the FI as a revolutionary organization.
With these basic ideas, the ISL turned to studying the views of the few ostensibly Trotskyist groupings with a "state capitalist" analysis of Stalinism. They turned first to the largest such grouping, the International Socialist Tendency led by the British Socialist Workers Party. But a quick review of the IST's political record revealed a pattern of opportunist positions no better than those of the "orthodox Trotskyist" milieu they had broken from. In particular, the SWP was certainly anti-Zionist but it habitually capitulated to the nationalist and Islamist leaderships of Muslims both in Britain and in the Middle Eastern countries occupied by the imperialists. The ISL had a brief correspondence with the IST, which also revealed the IST's stunningly cynical attitude toward the prospects for working-class revolutionary struggle in the Middle East: the IST advised the ISL to give up their efforts and move to Britain!
Soon thereafter, the ISL turned to the LRP and discovered that we already shared common positions on both Stalinism and struggles in Palestine. The ISL then initiated contact with the LRP and we set about our political discussions.
TOPICS OF DISCUSSION, POINTS OF AGREEMENT AND QUESTIONS FOR FUTURE DISCUSSION
After sharing our respective political histories and general worldview, our two groups began examining in more detail those questions on which we already had basic agreement, Israel/Occupied Palestine and the class nature of the Stalinist states.
1. Israel/Occupied Palestine
Reviewing key historical struggles, we began with the revolutionary attitude toward the wars of 1948, 1956 and 1973. We agreed on the importance of standing with the Palestinians against all of Israel's imperialist attacks, including in the war of 1948, a position that even the then-still-revolutionary Fourth International had failed to take at the time.
On the program for the working-class struggle in Israel/Occupied Palestine today, we agreed that its starting point is an uncompromising struggle for the overthrow of the Israeli state and for the self-determination of the oppressed Palestinian people, which can only be achieved in the form of a Palestinian workers' state over the whole territory that is now Israel and Palestine. We reached tentative agreement on a number of programmatic issues – including language policy, opposition to revolutionaries participating in elections to the Israeli Knesset, the demand for a constituent assembly in Israel/Occupied Palestine, the land question, the revolutionary attitude toward Israel's Histadrut unions, Trotsky's Proletarian Military Policy, and tactics for promoting working class struggle in Israel. We expect our agreement on these issues to be confirmed in the form of published documents in the future.
One question our two organizations do not agree on is whether Israeli Jews constitute a nation. The LRP has taken for granted that the struggle to dispossess the Palestinian people and build the Zionist state established an Israeli Jewish nation with a distinct national consciousness. The ISL, on the other hand, believes that while Israel bears many of the basic characteristics of a nation, it lacks the conscious identification of itself as such. Indeed, Israel officially denies that it is the state of its own citizens, insisting that it is rather the state and homeland of a world Jewish nation. Both groups recognize that this disagreement does not affect our attitude towards Israeli self-determination: as an oppressor people whose self-determination can only be exercised at the expense of the oppressed Palestinians, Israeli Jews do not have rights to stolen Palestinian land or property, or the right to an apartheid-style minority rule.
2. Stalinism and Marxist Economic Theory
The ISL studied the LRP's book, The Life and Death of Stalinism and came to a broad agreement with the LRP's theory of Stalinism as statified capitalism. This was later expressed in its documentTrotskyism and the Class Character of the Stalinist States.2 We also discussed the LRP's understanding of economic theory and the pattern of economic crises in capitalism's epoch of decay that is developed at length in The Life and Death of Stalinism and in several published articles, and explored those ideas further in discussions of the current economic crisis.
3. The COFI Political Resolution
We also discussed, point by point, the LRP's most comprehensive programmatic statement, thePolitical Resolution of the Communist Organization for the Fourth International.3 We established comprehensive agreement on its perspective, which has been confirmed as the ISL has begun publishing programmatic documents of its own, including The Socialist Revolution and the Vanguard Party4, which deals with the decisive role of the vanguard revolutionary party in raising the revolutionary consciousness of the working class, and The ISL Position on Wars5. We specifically agreed that we opposed the strategy of "deep entrism" into Stalinist or Social-Democratic parties, which is not the same as the temporary entry tactic advocated by Trotsky in the 1930's.
4. Contemporary Events in the Class Struggle
Our discussions also addressed contemporary events in the international class struggle. We came to similar conclusions regarding the Russia-Georgia war in the summer of 2008. The LRP's public statement on the question, Russian Imperialism Out of Georgia! U.S., NATO Imperialists Out of the Caucusus!6 greatly benefited from our discussions, and the ISL's position was later expressed in The ISL Position on Wars.7 We also discussed Israel's war on Gaza in the winter of 2008-9, and our agreement was expressed in the independent statements our two organizations published on these events, the LRP's leaflet "Defeat Israeli and U.S. Imperialism – Stop the Slaughter in Gaza"8 and the ISL's leaflet "Not for a cease fire but for the immediate withdrawal of Israel from Gaza and the smashing of the siege of Gaza!"
This past summer ISL comrades visited the U.S., and the ISL's Yossi Schwartz was the featured speaker at a public meeting organized by the LRP in New York City on "The Crisis of Zionism and the Prospects for Revolution in the Middle East." At that meeting, both our groups argued for an uncompromising struggle against Zionism and for the Palestinian nation's right to self-determination as an essential part of the struggle for socialist revolution in the Middle East. Others at the meeting, including representatives and former supporters of the Spartacist League and the International Bolshevik Tendency, argued that socialists should support both the Palestinians' and the Israeli Jews' claims to self-determination. LRP and ISL speakers challenged them to state clearly which of the Palestinians' democratic rights they were opposed to, since Israeli Jews can only have a state of their own by either denying Palestinians' right to return to the land from which they were ethnically cleansed, or by ruling over the Palestinian majority in a form of apartheid. No supporter of the Spartacist perspective even attempted to answer our question. LRP and ISL comrades' experience of jointly defending the only viable perspective for Palestinian liberation only further confirmed our shared political perspective and our growing bonds of comradeship.
The discussions so far have clearly established a great degree of political agreement between the LRP and ISL. Future discussions will focus more on the LRP's perspectives on issues of strategic importance to the United States class struggle in particular, such as the struggle against racism, as well as of questions that have so far only been discussed in passing, such as our understanding of revolutionary work in the unions and other mass movements. Perspectives for building our two organizations in our respective countries will be discussed. We will also seek to put our agreement to the test of new developments in the international class struggle by issuing joint statements on major issues. We have begun by adopting our first joint statement, "Stop the U.S./Israeli War Threats Against Iran!"
We are confident that further discussions, as well as the test of collaborative work in responding to new events in the international class struggle, will confirm that we share a common Marxist world view, and that the ISL will be joining the fraternal grouping of comrades in the Communist Organization for the Fourth International (COFI).
1 www.the-isleague.com/the-isls-break-with-imt-english.php
2 www.the-ISLeague.com/trotskyism-and-stalinism-english.php
3 www.lrp-cofi.org/PR/polres.html
4 www.the-ISLeague.com/the-vanguard-party-english.php
5 www.the-ISLeague.com/the-isl-position-on-wars
6 www.lrp-cofi.org/statements/russia-georgia_war.html
8 www.lrp-cofi.org/statements/gaza090109.html
Posted in Imperialism, Israel/Palestine, Polemics, USSR
« A Reply to Trachtenberg's Remarks at the LRP/ISL Forum (September 2009)
Stop U.S./Israeli War Threats against Iran! (October 2009) »


In 2018, more than 266,120 women in the U.S. will receive a diagnosis for breast cancer. The treatment is expensive, strenuous, and will last an average of six months. The treatment will typically cost between $50,000 and $100,000, and even so-called "good insurance" won't cover all of that. Many women are unable to work during their treatment, and will face a loss of income as the medical bills continue to mount. These women will have two simultaneous battles on their hands: medical and financial. We believe that women should be able to focus on healing and not have to worry about losing the roof over their heads, the car that they use to get to treatment, or how they will feed their families.
The Catherine H. Tuck Foundation is a nonprofit organization that offers breast cancer financial assistance through our "Catherine Fund" grant program. The mission of The Catherine H. Tuck Foundation is to provide short-term financial support for women who are in active treatment for breast cancer.
Our "Catherine Fund" Grant Program is designed to assist women who are unable to continue working throughout their breast cancer treatment. We make payments for non-medical expenses like; rent, utilities, transportation for treatment, and food.
A study in the American Journal of Medicine (2009) concluded that 60% of all bankruptcies were medically related.
That same study found that 75% of the people with a medically related bankruptcy had medical insurance.
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer, following skin cancer.


"Strings are the soul of the racket." The strings on a tennis racket can affect your playability and durability. By modifying the tension of the strings, power and control can be adjusted. Once you find your sweet spot, you'll be on your way to being a Rec Champion.
How often should I string my rackets?
The general rule of thumb is as many times as you play a week. For example, if you play three times a week, you should string your racket at least 3 times a year.
If you play competitively, it is recommended to play with a brand new set of strings so that it doesn't break mid-game.
Can you order strings for me?
What is the best tension for my racket?
Simply put, the lower the tension = more power and the higher the tension = more control. Recreational and beginner players tend to go with lower tensions whereas more advanced players go for more control.
Each racket has the recommended range of tension written on the throat of the racket. The only way to find out what tension works best for you is to try it out!
There are numerous types of strings but the most common ones are synthetic gut, polyester, multifilament, and kevlar.
Synthetic guts are the most widely used by recreational players and are usually the best bang for your buck. They have a good combination of playability and durability.
Polyester strings are very durable strings often used by the professionals. They have high durability and provide control. This string is not recommended for beginners and players with arm injuries.
Multifilament are bundles of micro-synthetic fibers twisted together. They have a softer feel, perfect for players suffering from arm injuries.
Kevlar are the most durable strings but provide a stiff feel. They last long but compensate it with comfortability and playability.
What do the 16, 17, 18 mean on the string packets?
The numbers next to the string are gauges or thickness of the string. Here are the thickness based on millimeter.
Thinner strings feel and play better but don't last as long as the thicker gauges.
I bought the 12 string job package. Can I share with others?
My racket's grommet is messed up. Do you fix rackets?
All grommets are designed differently but we can definitely take a look and see if we can fix it. Oxford Stringing Lab will order a grommet for you and have it fixed ASAP so you can get back to playing.
Do you string for tennis clubs?
Yes. If you are a director of a tennis club and need restringing service for the club, please email us at info@oxfordstringinglab.com to get a discounted price.
Where is your drop-off and pick-up location?
We don't have a storefront currently, but please feel free to call where you can drop-off your rackets. Sometimes, we can even pick it up!
I ordered a pick-up. When and where will you pick it up?
Just leave your racket in the front door of your house and we will pick it up. If you aren't comfortable with that, bring your racket to work and we'll pick it up there! We do our best to save you time.


text:
A compact van is a type of van characterized by a flat front design, mechanicals based on a compact car, an engine placed either at the rear or between and behind the front seats, and similar in size to the VW Bus. Popular in the United States during the early 1960s, they were replaced by full-size vans at the end of the decade.  These large vans used body-on-frame construction and featured front engines under a short hood.

Japanese microvans
In Japan, vans that comply with Kei car regulations are known as microvans.

Examples
Dodge A100
Ford E-Series (first generation)
Chevrolet Greenbrier
Chevrolet Van (first and second generations)
Lloyd LT 500

Gallery

Vans
Car body styles


Would you like to amaze your guests with a delicious Christmas appetizer? We propose you the right recipe: a tasty Christmas tree cheese board!
Ricotta salata is an extremly versatile cheese. You can use it on salads, to substitute Feta Greek cheese, in sandwiches or simply sprinkle it over your pasta and risotto recipes.


Shrimp Stir-Fry Lo Mein Noodles – an easy weeknight meal made with shrimp, shredded carrots, red bell peppers and an authentic, flavorful sauce. Ditch the takeout, this is so much better!
UPDATED: With new photos May 2016 from original January 2014 post.
During Chinese New Year / Lunar New Year, noodles are a must since they symbolize long life.
These Shrimp Stir-Fry Lo Mein Noodles are one of the traditional dishes that my family always has on our feasting table.
Not only are the long noodles auspicious, but the shrimp symbolizes happiness because in Chinese shrimp is pronounced "haa" and that sounds like laughter.
This colorful lo mein noodle dish is seriously a lazy cooks dream! It comes together so fast and effortlessly which makes it perfect for busy weeknights, when we all just need a quick and tasty meal!
Plus, you gotta love how easy noodles are to customize with whatever you have on hand. We used bell peppers and shredded carrots this time but they work well with pretty much whatever veggies you have lying around in your fridge.
So bright, flavorful and much easier than picking up takeout!
Shrimp Stir-Fry Lo Mein Noodles – an easy weeknight meal made with shrimp, shredded carrots, red bell peppers and an authentic, flavorful sauce.
If using fresh lo mein noodles, remove from package and separate loosely in a large bowl. If using dried pasta, cook noodles according to package directions, drain well and set aside.
In a large skillet, heat oil over medium-high heat. Add shrimp and sear on both sides until slightly pink and almost cooked through (about 2-3 minutes). Add garlic and saute for 30 seconds, or until fragrant then add carrots and bell peppers and stir until slightly softened, about 3 to 5 minutes. Add prepared noodles and sauce; toss and cook until hot and evenly mixed, about 2 minutes more.
Remove from heat and serve with toasted sesame seeds and chopped cilantro if desired.
Looking for more take-out favorites?