On Friday March 27, 2015 I testified before the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) asking them to change a rule that currently prohibits manufacturers of generic drugs from updating the warning labels for the drugs that they make.
Why, you may wonder, should anyone care whether or not generic drug manufacturers are able to update their warning labels?
EVERYONE should care about this issue because as long as generic drug manufacturers are unable to update drug warning labels, NO ONE who is hurt by a generic drug has any recourse against generic drug manufacturers, no matter how badly one is hurt by a generic drug. In 2013 the U.S. Supreme Court decided that, because generic drug manufacturers are required to copy the brand-name drug warning label, they cannot be held responsible for any harm done by the generic drug. People hurt by generic drugs didn't take a name-brand drug, so they cannot sue the name-brand drug manufacturers. This leaves people hurt by generic drugs unable to hold anyone responsible for the damage done by generic drugs, and people are left without any legal recourse.
IF YOU ARE HURT BY A GENERIC DRUG, YOU CANNOT SUE. YOU HAVE NO RECOURSE WHATSOEVER.
This is appalling. More than 80% of the prescription drugs dispensed in America are generic. Everyone who takes a generic drug is unable to gain any sort of legal compensation, any sort of justice, when injuries are caused by those drugs. Think about that next time you take a generic drug.
Or, better yet, think about the following people, who also testified to the FDA about the harm caused by generic drugs, who are unable to gain any sort of justice or compensation for their losses. Their stories could be your story, or your child's story, or your parent's story.
Emily, a 29 year old who was taking fluoxetine, generic Prozac, throughout her pregnancy, gave birth to a baby boy who had a serious heart defect. Her son died when he was 2 weeks old. In 2011, Eli Lilly, the manufacturer of Prozac, admitted that, "there is some evidence of a possible small increase in the risk of cardiac malformations (eg ventricular and septal defects) associated with use of fluoxetine" (source). If Emily had taken Prozac, she would have been able to sue Eli Lilly, and possibly gain some sort of compensation for her losses. However, Emily took generic fluoxetine, so she has no recourse, no possibility of compensation, and no justice.
Anthony testified about his partner of 40 years who is suffering from severe tardive dyskinesia after taking metoclopramide, generic Reglan, for 11 years. Anthony's partner can no longer speak or function independently. He is 100% dependent on Anthony for his care. "Tardive dyskinesia typically affects someone's face, often causing uncontrolled grimaces and movement in the eyes, lips, tongue and jaw. Arms, fingers, toes, legs, hips and torso are also affected and may twitch and move rapidly and uncontrollably. These random body movements can be uncomfortable and painful as well as embarrassing and difficult to control, making it a social handicap. Severe cases of this disorder can be debilitating and make it difficult to perform simple tasks like talking, walking and eating." (source) Because generic metoclopramide is what caused harm, neither Anthony nor his partner have any possibility of legal recourse.
Taylor suffered from life-threatening blood clots at the age of 14 after taking generic birth-control pills. She is now 17 and suffers from permanent health complications because of the blood clots.
Rachel spoke about how levofloxacin, generic Levaquin, caused her to have multiple tendon ruptures, and contributed to her developing a neurodegenerative condition called neurosarcoidosis. In addition to losing her health, Rachel "can no longer afford my home because of increasingly skyrocketing medical expenses and surgeries and I was forced to move. I lost my career that I loved with immeasurable passion and lost good income." She has no legal recourse because she took generic levofloxacin.
I testified about how Heather was hurt by ciprofloxacin, generic Cipro, and moxifloxacin, generic Avelox. After taking ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin, Heather suffered from severe nerve pain, central nervous system issues such as panic attacks and brain fog. She had blood sugar regulation problems, irregular heartbeats and more. She lost her career as a massage therapist and had to declare bankruptcy. Her life was devastated because of her severe adverse reaction to these drugs. She is unable to sue the manufacturers of the drugs that hurt her though, because she took the generic versions of the drugs.
There are many more cases of death and injury caused by generic drugs. Clinoril, generic Sulindac, can cause horrific injuries, such as those suffered by Karen Bartlett, "who lost nearly two-thirds of her skin, was placed in a medically induced coma and is legally blind after suffering a reaction to the medication she took for a sore shoulder" (source). Over-the-counter pain relief pills and antibiotics can cause Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, a severe and life-threatening skin condition in which cell death causes the epidermis to separate from the dermis.
Acetaminophen can cause liver injuries that can lead to death. Ergotamine, a drug used to treat migraine headaches, when administered improperly, can cause gangrene and loss of limbs. Montelukast, generic Singulair, can cause Churg–Strauss syndrome, rare form of eosinophilic vasculitis associated with asthma. There are hundreds of other examples of damage that can be caused by drugs.
Generic drugs are just as dangerous as name-brand drugs. Those who are hurt by drugs deserve recourse and compensation for their losses. To arbitrarily take away a person's opportunity for justice, simply because he or she took a generic drug, is ridiculous and wrong. Currently, there is no justice for people who suffer from adverse effects of generic drugs. DO NOT take a generic drug until this situation changes.
The FDA can nullify the Supreme Court's ruling, and enable those who are hurt by generic drugs to gain justice, simply by changing their rules so that generic drug manufacturers can update their warning labels just like name-brand drug manufacturers can. I hope they do so. I encouraged them to do so in my testimony.
The generic drug manufacturers are arguing that it would be onerous and costly for them to update the warning labels. Seeing as even generic drug manufacturers have billions in profits, that argument seems a bit shallow and disingenuous. The pharmaceutical industry as a whole has proposed to stop the discrepancy in justice between generic and name-brand drug manufacturers by making name-brand drug manufacturers equally inculpable for damage done by their drugs as generic drug manufacturers currently are. If the FDA "fixes" this situation by making all drug manufacturers unable to update their warning labels and therefore exempt from lawsuits, no victim of a pharmaceutical will have any legal recourse against the companies that hurt them, and a vital check on the power of the pharmaceutical industry will be lost.
I hope that the FDA does the right thing, and closes this loophole that is keeping millions of victims of pharmaceuticals from getting justice.
When Should Teens Go to the Gynecologist?
Just today I received a phone call from the law firm handling my low Testosterone medication law suit. I began taking Low T shots in April 29, 2010 and on July 29, 2010 I experienced a pulmonary embolism. My case was filed on time with a law firm that was involved in the Low T lawsuit. Today I was told that because my Low T medication (shots) was a generic brand that I will have no recourse against the manufacturer. Manufacturers of these products are getting of scott free and that in itself is a crime and laws need changed.
I was diagnosed with adult onset asthma in March 2007. I was given an albuterol inhaler and sent home. The albuterol made me feel jittery so I tried to find something that would be safe, perhaps something a child would be safe taking. So I asked my Doctor about Singulair. My husband went to his office and picked up some from him. I started feeling tingling in my feet. It got worse, so about a week later, I quit the Singulair. It was downhill after that. I had horrible nerve pain and it was like torture. In a few days iit got worse and my lower legs became paralyzed and my right hand. I had to use the rescue inhaler as my breathing was terrible.
In May 2007 I was admitted to emergency room for paralysis of my lower legs, my right arm and severe respiratory failure. The doctor diagnosed me two weeks later with Churg Strauss syndrome. When admitted, I told the emergency doctor that I believe this was a side effect of the Singulair. He said no, it wasn't. I was in the hospital for 2 months unable to walk anymore and with foot drop in both feet. I still believe the singular caused it as I read that this was one of the reasons people get Churg Strauss. I even went to an attorney and he told me that unless there were others who came down with my illness after taking singular, that it would be hard to prove. And I didn't know anyone then with Churg Strauss because it is such a rare disease. Is ther anything I can do? I do know others who have taken Singulair who also came down with Churg strauss. This drug is very very dangerous.
I have heard from others who have had Churg Strauss brought on by Singulair. You are not alone. I will do my best to connect you with other sufferers. I am so, so, so sorry that this happened to you!
These stories to let you know that you are not alone – http://www.cssassociation.org/patient-stories-77.html.
I took a generic levaquin, a week or so later I had an aortic dissection. It was descending so it was not fixed by surgery. I now have an aortic aneurysm. The tear is pasted together with blood clots. A CT scan every 6 mos to check the size of the aneurysm. Keep my bp below 120.
I am in the same boat with you. Took generic Leviquin 7 weeks later aortic dissection. Tore 2 layers of muscle from over my aortic valve down thru and ended in my thighs. Doctor said I would not survive operation. Tear was so big over the valve had to put in synthetic patch. The FDA is ridiculous, the Supreme Court is even more ridiculous. We do not have equal rights if we are poor. What else is new. This is also unconstitutional. WE the POOR in this country ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL. We have no legal rights! Only the rich do? Supreme Court never gave direction as to what to do. ONLY we cannot sue the generic company. Then where and who do the poor go to for compensation. Drop dead and then forget about it!!!
The FDA, the Supreme Court, Big Pharma, the insurance companies all have equal rights. They can afford brand name drugs. the constitution only applies to them? Everyone in the US should refuse generic drugs, maybe stop paying all the bills for the rich. Our taxes pay all the bills, they all get the huge tax brakes. Brand name drug manufacturers are responsible, it is their formula. They are killing us. Generic manufacturers are making the same formula. These drugs would never have reached the marketplace if the brand name manufacturers had not formulated them. WHY can't we sue them? Already gave you the answer above.
I wonder how many people would take generic drugs if they were told the truth about their legal rights!!
This angers me to no end! What are people supposed to do??? It seems the medical est. and FDA are abandoning us ! I am vivid!


The average American spends about an hour and 40 minutes driving every day. That means we spend way too much time listening to our car stereos to be listening to bad music. With the technology available, you can have any song you want playing at any time if you have the right car stereo.
Pioneer is a little more expensive than some of the other brands out there, but it is one of the best brands for car stereos. This Japanese company goes the extra mile with quality and features. Whatever you want to hook up, Pioneer has a unit for you. They sell basic CD receivers as well as Bluetooth units that wirelessly connect to your phone. Some sync with all your apps. That means you can check your calendar, send emails, or view pictures straight from your dashboard.
Pioneer is set apart from the rest by their high resolution, wide displays. This allows for flexibility in use. It also gives maximum ease of use so you can keep your eyes on the road.
Their AVH line is especially popular. It offers the freedom of streaming audio or video and Siri Eyes Free technology. With dozens of different units, the AVH line is sure to have a stereo that will fit with your car and your lifestyle.
Do you remember the Betamax/VCR battle of the '70s? In case you don't, the only thing that matters is that the VCR won. The VCR was the creation of 80-year-old Japanese company JVC. With JVC, you know you have the backing of one of the most trusted and beloved brands of the technological age.
JVC's car stereos don't have the large displays that the Pioneer's do. But they can certainly stream your music. JVC has traditional CD stereos, but they also can provide Bluetooth receivers. Most of their units have USB ports, so you can play music straight from your flash drive.
They also provide a variety of different features with their units. Many even come with remote controls for backseat drivers. You should be able to find one in their collection that suits your needs.
Alpine manages to provide some of the best audio quality paired with excellent usability. They offer a variety of different stereos with different features on each. Alpine's stereos feature Bluetooth for simple connectivity with your devices.
One of the best aspects of Alpine is their attention to detail with how their products will be used. They keep their interfaces simple and to-the-point, so you can focus on driving. It's never a good idea to get caught up fiddling with your stereo when you should be paying attention to the road!
Alpine does not have as extensive of a product line as JVC and Pioneer. However, the units that they do have are reasonably priced and give you great sound quality.
Sony is one of the most respected names in home electronics, and for good reason. The Japanese company is one of the largest and most successful in the world. They know how to build good electronics. Their car stereos are no exception.
Sony's stereos standout with their design. Sony's stereos are sleek, minimalistic, and modern. Their products also come in a much broader range of prices, from under $100 up to $1,500. Many of their stereos are touchscreen, and most have Bluetooth.
Sony's stereos offer fast connections to your devices and crisp, clear sound quality. They have an extensive collection of stereos for you to choose from.
Of all the brands on this list, Clarion is the only one that actually specializes in car audio. The result of this expertise is a truly delightful product. Clarion offers products that can play a variety of file formats, including WMA and MP3. Their prices are competitive, with their priciest units ringing in at $500.
Clarion offers great sound quality. However, you get less control over your equalizer than many people would like. Clarion gives a set number. Most other companies offer equalizer options through your phone or manual adjustments. The number of satellite radio channels available can also be bit limited. The Bluetooth connection is strong, and the audio quality is smooth and unbroken. The touch screens are strong and responsive, so you can focus on the road.
It's not as easy to buy a car stereo as it once was. Today it's not so simple as making sure it played CDs and the radio. Today there is Bluetooth, touch screen, app compatibility, and many other factors to consider. Some car stereos even offer the ability to play DVDs for the kids while you drive.
Before buying a stereo, be sure to know which features you are looking for. Know what apps you use and what format your music files are in before buying. Make sure that your unit has hands-free capabilities for safety. While you can still buy CD stereos, you will probably regret your decision to buy one in a matter of months. Bluetooth offers the freedom of hands-free calling and not digging around for CDs. With Bluetooth, you can play anything you want at any time you want.
Most importantly, be sure to buy from the best brands of car stereos. With any of the units from the five companies listed above, you are sure to be happy.


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Home Uncategorized The young sensation has lived up to his standards, finally
The young sensation has lived up to his standards, finally
La Liga Analysis
When it comes to finding and developing forward, Atlético Madrid was in a league of their own. From Fernando Torres and Sergio Agüero into Radamel Falcao and Diego Costa. However, they have been replaced as the go-to destination for forwards.
That title now belongs to Borussia Dortmund who have the Midas touch when it comes to attacking talent.
The Germans are a rival to Atleti for quite a while. Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang went from goalscoring winger to clinical poacher while in the Westfalenstadion. More recently, Paco Alcácer appreciated the most potent period of his career when wearing black and yellow.
That is not taking into Consideration the success stories of Mario Götze, Marco Reus, Ousmane Dembélé and Jadon Sancho. In actuality, their biggest flop in recent years was Ciro Immobile, a participant with 92 goals since he returned to Italy before the 2016/17 season.
Dortmund have had lots of success. Never before have they had two of the best attackers in the world aged 20 or below within their grasp.
Erling Håland was the very in-demand adolescent in world soccer before his move to Dortmund in January. His return of eight goals in five appearances because the change justifies the hype surrounding him.
Nevertheless, it's Alexander Isak who has set tongues wagging.
The 20-year-old is now playing for Real Sociedad having left Germany at the beginning of the season. His signing was considered a coup, with lots tipping him to be the heir to Zlatan Ibrahimović.
He did not get many opportunities with BVB however a loan spell with Willem II in 2018/19 helped his development.
It was a significant announcement on his part. He seemed to have done enough to force his way to Lucien Favre's thinking.
At the time it was regarded as strange transfer. Isak was young with enormous potential and BVB had a forward. However, they chose to instead move him to La Real. La Real actually were the beneficiaries.
On present form, that makes Isak a deal and the possible long-term successor to Håland.
Though the prior Red Bull Salzburg man just joined last month, there is a release clause in his deal that becomes busy next summer. The documented fee is a rather low £63million. Quite a few clubs would be able to pay for that without a lot of problems meaning Dortmund will be helpless to maintain the Norweigan target machine.
For many teams, that would be a tragedy. However, Dortmund's decision to part ways with Isak is looking brighter with each performance. The exposure to first-team moments has helped him grow in a way he could not while sitting on the seat in Germany.
However, it all changed in December. He scored in the 2-2 draw with Barcelona on December 14 and has not looked back.
Isak was the hero of last week's dramatic 4-3 win over Real Madrid at the Copa Del Rey, netting twice before coming off the bench from the Basque derby to score and help in a 2-1 triumph. The attack against Athletic Club took his tally to seven since the turn of this year.
The 6ft 3in forward is delivering on his early promise. He might be running hot at the moment and overperforming against his inherent numbers but his anticipated goal contribution per 90 remains at an impressive 0.68. But given Isak is a superb finisher, he will always exceed those amounts.
Furthermore, he is only averaging 2.74 shots in LaLiga at a team not competing for the title. If he returned to Borussia Dortmund, Isak would be playing in a team that could create more opportunities for him. He seems ready-made for another chance in Germany.
What Dortmund do in the current market, at least at the attacking sphere, is unheard of. They have deservedly dislodged Atleti as the kings of the area.
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La Liga Analysis brings you all the latest tactical, match, player, recruitment, head coach, training and set piece analysis in English from La Liga in Spain // part of Ronnie Dog Media
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The founder of Vero, Ayman Hariri isn't a standard tech creator. He's a billionaire of Lebanon and the son of a previous Lebanon Prime Minister who was assassinated and half-brother of nation's existing Prime Minister. And at this time he is the man behind one of the most recent social media apps adored by everyone: Vero.
Preceding to Vero, originator of Vero Ayman Hariri assisted to manage his family's now-shuttered building commerce after the killing of his father in the year 2005, Rafic Hariri. Ayman Hariri acceded to his bereaved father's riches; his net worth is projected at a whopping $1.33 billion. The condition of the company's annihilation is causing quicker check up of Hariri's application, which has become all the rage actually at once.
Launched in the year 2015 as an alternative to Facebook in addition to Instagram, Vero has obtained remarkable renown in the year. It became the trendiest app free of charge in the Apple App Store. Unlike Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram, algorithms aren't following which posts surface at its feed's top. Users perceive content in the posted arrangement. There are no advertisements.
The actual, ultimate social network that endures is the association between personnel in the genuine world. Vero desires to emulate that. Founder of Vero Ayman Hariri came up with the contemplation after he observed his Facebook links acting somewhat another way than they actually were in the existent world. In the actual world, you don't have any spectators as you care for different persons in your existence in a diverse way based on your degree of closeness.
To register, Vero users need to add contacts that have signed in the app and assign them labels, such as "friend," "associate," "close friend" and "admirer." (Labels aren't shown to contacts) Individuals can share the whole thing from music, movies, links, video, audio, and TV clips, book proposal, locations, or pictures, with these associates.
The founder of Vero Ayman Hariri proclaimed the app will at last charge subscriptions, but first 1 million users can use it free. Although it isn't said how much it will cost, he thinks universalizing services like this. Vero is rapidly approaching the 1 million client. Despite its increasing reputation, its Apple App Store score is at present low with users complaining about its bugs and delay, in the middle of other grievances.


FAIR GROWTH PLANTATIONS PRIVATE LIMITED is a Private Company limited by Shares. It is registered with Registrar of Companies, Delhi on Feb 13, 1998.
Current Status of Fair Growth Plantations Private Limited is Strike Off.
It is a Non-govt company with an Authorized Capital of ₹ 1,00,000 (One Lakh Indian Rupees) and Paid Up Capital of ₹ 60,000 (Sixty Thousand Indian Rupees).
There are no Directors or Signatories associated with Fair Growth Plantations Private Limited.
Corporate Identification Number (CIN) of Fair Growth Plantations Private Limited is U02005DL1998PTC092258 and its Registration Number is 092258. Its Registered Address is 'A-70/6,LOVELY MARKET, BRIJPURI DELHI DL 000000 IN'.
No Directors or Signatories found for "FAIR GROWTH PLANTATIONS PRIVATE LIMITED".
No Charges found for "FAIR GROWTH PLANTATIONS PRIVATE LIMITED".
Are you the owner or authorized representative of 'FAIR GROWTH PLANTATIONS PRIVATE LIMITED'?
You may link to "Profile Page" of "FAIR GROWTH PLANTATIONS PRIVATE LIMITED" in your websites (or) blogs.


text:
(-) Housing, Communities, Neighborhoods
WWS Reacts: Is Gun Violence an American 'Epidemic'?
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After a visit to Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Editor-in-Chief of The Lancet Richard Horton wrote…
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The fight against epidemics like Ebola is waged by health care workers on the ground and by researchers in the lab. But it is also fought by public…
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Twitter Chat Focuses on Reporting a Global Health Crisis
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Global Vaccine-Development Fund Could Save Thousands of Lives, Billions of Dollars
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Q: Server.MapPath() wrong path on IIS I am trying to upload image to a folder called
~/Avatars/.
My project is located in VS2010 projects folder
`C:/Projects/MyProject.
When i try to get physical path to Avatars folder by
Server.MapPath("/Avatars")

it always returns
C:\inetpub\wwwroot\Avatars

instead of
C:\Projects\MyProject\Avatars.

It works fine when I run the project on VS2010 dev server.
Can anyone help me how to get actual path in IIS?

A: Seems like you're deploying to IIS and that's the default folder for deployment. When you run locally, dev server runs off your local folder.
What you need is Server.MapPath("~/Avatars") or Server.MapPath("Avatars"). Also, make sure when you deploy to IIS, you're site is being deployed to C:\inetpub\wwwroot\My Project\.

A: Check whether virtual directory named  Avatars  is not created in IIS that points to the path: "C:\inetpub\wwwroot\Avatars".
In that case Server.Mappath returns the same path. In such case remove that Virtual Directory from IIS

A: It seems that virtual directory for your project was created inside of the "Default Web Site". So, if your virtual directory called "myapp", to access your site, you should type in the address bar "http://localhost/myapp". Therefore, "/" will point to "http://localhost" and its physical path will be "C:\inetpub\wwwroot".
When you run on VS Developer Server (IIS Express), you access your site via URL like "http://localhost:42111/". So, "/" will point to "http://localhost:42111/" and its physical path will be "C:\Projects\MyProject".
For me, the easiest way to fix this problem would be re-creating virtual folder for your site. Delete the existing virtual folder and create new one outside of the "Default Web Site". You will have to assign another TCP port (not 80) for your site. If you will do so, you will access your site via URL like "http://localhost:8080/". Or, you can configure "Default Web Site" to run on another port and assign port 80 for your site. Either way,  "/" will point to "http://localhost:your_port/" with physical path "C:\Projects\MyProject". In that case Server.MapPath will work fine for you.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


With Micro Smores®, you can make America's favorite snack at home easily and deliciously in just 10 seconds. With the help of Micro Smore kits, all it takes is a few steps. First, you simply put the Graham cracker inside the Micro S'more kit. Second, add chocolate and a marshmallow. Third, top it with another Graham cracker. Fourth, cover it with the Smore lid. And fifth, place it in the microwave and set it for just 10 seconds. Voila! You now have an original Smore, made by you. Even better, the dome lid of the Micro Smores allows for even energy distribution for the perfect melt. Plus with its ingenious Auto Plunger, just the right amount of pressure will be exerted to keep your S'more together, and to ensure that it's good from the inside out with an even, crunchy, and tasty Smore. We call this core fusion technology. With MicroSmores you can have ooey, gooey, and deliciously chewy Smore treats. This is something that children and grandchildren will truly enjoy. And what about the grownups? Well, let's spill the beans. Adults find the Smores to be sinfully delicious, and more often than not, it's the oldies whom you will find saying, 'More S'mores, please.' Use the links below to find the best deal on the Micro Smores®.


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using namespace llvm;

extern "C" void LLVMInitializeSparcTarget() {
  // Register the target.
  RegisterTargetMachine<SparcV8TargetMachine> X(getTheSparcTarget());
  RegisterTargetMachine<SparcV9TargetMachine> Y(getTheSparcV9Target());
  RegisterTargetMachine<SparcelTargetMachine> Z(getTheSparcelTarget());
}

static std::string computeDataLayout(const Triple &T, bool is64Bit) {
  // Sparc is typically big endian, but some are little.
  std::string Ret = T.getArch() == Triple::sparcel ? "e" : "E";
  Ret += "-m:e";

  // Some ABIs have 32bit pointers.
  if (!is64Bit)
    Ret += "-p:32:32";

  // Alignments for 64 bit integers.
  Ret += "-i64:64";

  // On SparcV9 128 floats are aligned to 128 bits, on others only to 64.
  // On SparcV9 registers can hold 64 or 32 bits, on others only 32.
  if (is64Bit)
    Ret += "-n32:64";
  else
    Ret += "-f128:64-n32";

  if (is64Bit)
    Ret += "-S128";
  else
    Ret += "-S64";

  return Ret;
}

static Reloc::Model getEffectiveRelocModel(Optional<Reloc::Model> RM) {
  if (!RM.hasValue())
    return Reloc::Static;
  return *RM;
}

// Code models. Some only make sense for 64-bit code.
//
// SunCC  Reloc   CodeModel  Constraints
// abs32  Static  Small      text+data+bss linked below 2^32 bytes
// abs44  Static  Medium     text+data+bss linked below 2^44 bytes
// abs64  Static  Large      text smaller than 2^31 bytes
// pic13  PIC_    Small      GOT < 2^13 bytes
// pic32  PIC_    Medium     GOT < 2^32 bytes
//
// All code models require that the text segment is smaller than 2GB.
static CodeModel::Model
getEffectiveSparcCodeModel(Optional<CodeModel::Model> CM, Reloc::Model RM,
                           bool Is64Bit, bool JIT) {
  if (CM) {
    if (*CM == CodeModel::Tiny)
      report_fatal_error("Target does not support the tiny CodeModel", false);
    if (*CM == CodeModel::Kernel)
      report_fatal_error("Target does not support the kernel CodeModel", false);
    return *CM;
  }
  if (Is64Bit) {
    if (JIT)
      return CodeModel::Large;
    return RM == Reloc::PIC_ ? CodeModel::Small : CodeModel::Medium;
  }
  return CodeModel::Small;
}

/// Create an ILP32 architecture model
SparcTargetMachine::SparcTargetMachine(
    const Target &T, const Triple &TT, StringRef CPU, StringRef FS,
    const TargetOptions &Options, Optional<Reloc::Model> RM,
    Optional<CodeModel::Model> CM, CodeGenOpt::Level OL, bool JIT, bool is64bit)
    : LLVMTargetMachine(T, computeDataLayout(TT, is64bit), TT, CPU, FS, Options,
                        getEffectiveRelocModel(RM),
                        getEffectiveSparcCodeModel(
                            CM, getEffectiveRelocModel(RM), is64bit, JIT),
                        OL),
      TLOF(std::make_unique<SparcELFTargetObjectFile>()),
      Subtarget(TT, CPU, FS, *this, is64bit), is64Bit(is64bit) {
  initAsmInfo();
}

SparcTargetMachine::~SparcTargetMachine() {}

const SparcSubtarget *
SparcTargetMachine::getSubtargetImpl(const Function &F) const {
  Attribute CPUAttr = F.getFnAttribute("target-cpu");
  Attribute FSAttr = F.getFnAttribute("target-features");

  std::string CPU = !CPUAttr.hasAttribute(Attribute::None)
                        ? CPUAttr.getValueAsString().str()
                        : TargetCPU;
  std::string FS = !FSAttr.hasAttribute(Attribute::None)
                       ? FSAttr.getValueAsString().str()
                       : TargetFS;

  // FIXME: This is related to the code below to reset the target options,
  // we need to know whether or not the soft float flag is set on the
  // function, so we can enable it as a subtarget feature.
  bool softFloat =
      F.hasFnAttribute("use-soft-float") &&
      F.getFnAttribute("use-soft-float").getValueAsString() == "true";

  if (softFloat)
    FS += FS.empty() ? "+soft-float" : ",+soft-float";

  auto &I = SubtargetMap[CPU + FS];
  if (!I) {
    // This needs to be done before we create a new subtarget since any
    // creation will depend on the TM and the code generation flags on the
    // function that reside in TargetOptions.
    resetTargetOptions(F);
    I = std::make_unique<SparcSubtarget>(TargetTriple, CPU, FS, *this,
                                          this->is64Bit);
  }
  return I.get();
}

namespace {
/// Sparc Code Generator Pass Configuration Options.
class SparcPassConfig : public TargetPassConfig {
public:
  SparcPassConfig(SparcTargetMachine &TM, PassManagerBase &PM)
    : TargetPassConfig(TM, PM) {}

  SparcTargetMachine &getSparcTargetMachine() const {
    return getTM<SparcTargetMachine>();
  }

  void addIRPasses() override;
  bool addInstSelector() override;
  void addPreEmitPass() override;
};
} // namespace

TargetPassConfig *SparcTargetMachine::createPassConfig(PassManagerBase &PM) {
  return new SparcPassConfig(*this, PM);
}

void SparcPassConfig::addIRPasses() {
  addPass(createAtomicExpandPass());

  TargetPassConfig::addIRPasses();
}

bool SparcPassConfig::addInstSelector() {
  addPass(createSparcISelDag(getSparcTargetMachine()));
  return false;
}

void SparcPassConfig::addPreEmitPass(){
  addPass(createSparcDelaySlotFillerPass());

  if (this->getSparcTargetMachine().getSubtargetImpl()->insertNOPLoad())
  {
    addPass(new InsertNOPLoad());
  }
  if (this->getSparcTargetMachine().getSubtargetImpl()->detectRoundChange()) {
    addPass(new DetectRoundChange());
  }
  if (this->getSparcTargetMachine().getSubtargetImpl()->fixAllFDIVSQRT())
  {
    addPass(new FixAllFDIVSQRT());
  }
}

void SparcV8TargetMachine::anchor() { }

SparcV8TargetMachine::SparcV8TargetMachine(const Target &T, const Triple &TT,
                                           StringRef CPU, StringRef FS,
                                           const TargetOptions &Options,
                                           Optional<Reloc::Model> RM,
                                           Optional<CodeModel::Model> CM,
                                           CodeGenOpt::Level OL, bool JIT)
    : SparcTargetMachine(T, TT, CPU, FS, Options, RM, CM, OL, JIT, false) {}

void SparcV9TargetMachine::anchor() { }

SparcV9TargetMachine::SparcV9TargetMachine(const Target &T, const Triple &TT,
                                           StringRef CPU, StringRef FS,
                                           const TargetOptions &Options,
                                           Optional<Reloc::Model> RM,
                                           Optional<CodeModel::Model> CM,
                                           CodeGenOpt::Level OL, bool JIT)
    : SparcTargetMachine(T, TT, CPU, FS, Options, RM, CM, OL, JIT, true) {}

void SparcelTargetMachine::anchor() {}

SparcelTargetMachine::SparcelTargetMachine(const Target &T, const Triple &TT,
                                           StringRef CPU, StringRef FS,
                                           const TargetOptions &Options,
                                           Optional<Reloc::Model> RM,
                                           Optional<CodeModel::Model> CM,
                                           CodeGenOpt::Level OL, bool JIT)
    : SparcTargetMachine(T, TT, CPU, FS, Options, RM, CM, OL, JIT, false) {}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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Precogview: Why "Watchmen" will probably suck
Posted on December 18, 2008 by AFDStudios | 12 Comments
I reread "Watchmen" last week to prep for the movie, and it only confirmed what I have long suspected, since the first time I heard they were making a movie out of it, actually:
Any "Watchmen" movie will suck.
It's too big, too multi-layered, too heavy with meaning, too good as a comic book to fully translate into a film. The greatest moments of the piece are purely comics moments -- The Comedian being flung out of a window, hanging in the air, cutting in stop-motion to the drop of blood on the happy-face button, shards of glass suspended around him like a halo. John standing in the snow, staring at Rorschach, unsure himself what he will do. The frozen tableau of New Yorkers dead in the street beneath a monstrosity. Ozymandias staring in thought after the departing Dr. Manhattan, wondering what he meant by "It's never over."
Those are moments that work best in the medium of comics, which relies on the combination of time's stoppage on a page where you can still see everything else going on around it. Taking that into a movie, which exists only in time, only when in motion, is going to be a challenge for anyone.
Look, I'm not one of those people who think that a great work of art in one medium can never work in another. I'm too illiterate and lazy to go name examples, but you should go think up some for yourself, what am I, Wikipedia? But "Watchmen" ... man, it's dense. It packs layer onto layer of meaning, echoing itself in ways that are just really complex and difficult to pull off. To do it you'd need someone who really understands the source material, who's studied it and understands its essence in his (or her) gut.
And from what I've seen in the trailers, that guy ain't Zack Snyder.
The first thing that bugs me is that Nite Owl is slim and trim, in peak athletic form. It doesn't bug me in the same way that, say, Superman's briefs being too brief bugged some fanboys in "Superman Returns". I don't care about that kind of thing. And it doesn't bug me in the same way that casting Michael Keeton as Batman teed off some people back in the day. Those are cosmetic changes.
But a skinny Nite Owl isn't freaking Nite Owl! The whole point of that character is that he feels flabby, feckless, helpless, impotent, his whole life out of its rightful shape. He's not just fat for the sake of being fat, he's fat for a reason. Taking that away from him is like saying "We can't have short people in a major motion picture, make the Hobbits taller." The Hobbits aren't just small because Tolkien got hold of some bad 'shrooms, they're short because their whole point is to show that ordinary, even smaller than ordinary, people can make a difference. That ordinary is the way of the new world, and that's all right.
What I'm saying is, missing the point of Nite Owl being fat misses such a fundamental aspect of the entire story that I fear the director has completely missed everything else, too.
The visual styling also worries me. What I mean here is that part of what "Watchmen" was about was the concept of taking the every day, grimy, gritty, real world and introducing a fantastic element -- Dr. Manhattan and costumed heroes -- into it. Moore and Gibbons very carefully built a world on that premise, a world painstakingly realistic in every other facet. That's what makes all of these changes wrought by Dr. Manhattan believable. And in light of that completely unrealistic element, the costumed regular guys seem all right. They work. They fit.
But from what I see in the trailers, Mr. Snyder has turned the whole thing upside-down. He's taken the one supernatural element, that feeling of something that's out of the ordinary, and made it the substance of the whole film. The graphic novel is about an ordinary world with super-heroes in it, while it looks like we're going to be getting a super-hero movie, period.
A movie is not a comic. It's not a novel, it's not a play, it's not a TV show. It's a movie. I get that. I don't expect works of art that jump from one medium to another to be just like, or even mostly like, its source material. But the spirit of the thing has to be maintained or else you end up with some soulless abomination like "Wanted", where you just sort of scratch your head and go "What was the point of that?" The movie looks pretty, but even that makes me nervous -- the novel is dirty, dark, and disturbed. It shouldn't be shiny and glossy and perfect, which is what I think we're being given.
A friend asked me one time why, if I love super-hero comics so much, I don't go to see every single super-hero movie released. And I answered, "It's because I love super-hero comics so much that I don't go to see the ones I think are going to be really, really bad. I care too much to see them diminished." I fear "Watchmen" will be such a film, although I hope -- I really, really hope -- I'm wrong on this one.
12 Responses to Precogview: Why "Watchmen" will probably suck
I think it will work really. Not perfectly but it will probably be the BEST Watchmen movie a mortal man could make.
I have not yet had the opportunity to read "Watchmen", though i hope to do so soon. I found the trailer interesting visually,and even if it deviates from the book, it may likely still be worth the ticket price. This is the same mindset i had going in to see Ghost Rider, and it worked well then. Ghost Rider was by no means a great movie, but it was entertaining, had amazing special effects, and it had Sam Elliot in it, so i was pleased overall. My point is, Watchmen will at the very least have some redeeming qualities.
TheNate says:
But Watchmen needs to be so much more than Ghost Rider. It was a masterpiece in graphic novel form and, as Jeff says, was full of layers of meaning.
Personally, I think the thing is doomed because of the time constraints. I can't even explain the many layers of the Watchmen universe in 90 minutes – I've read it about a hundred times and notice something new with each re-reading. The slick styling also sucks, and you know some producer was saying, "Zack, baby, who wants to see a fat guy in a tight suit?" with no idea of who Nite Owl even was. I am not going to pay $10 to see a work of art I'm well acquainted with reimagined by people with no idea of what made it art.
My criteria will be the smiley faces with a scratch through the eye. That symbol shows up in some form many times throughout the novel, and if we see those in the movie it'll indicate that some effort was made and incline me to be more lenient. But, at best, I see this as sucking for the same reason "Hitchhiker's Guide" did, in that it's just too layered to translate well.
Skiriki says:
…of course, the real question after Watchmen the Movie is:
"Which director will tackle Moore's 'Promethea'?"
Ow! Ow! I kid! Put down the bats and knives!
Well, Hitchhikes's wasn't so much a translation as it was a new version of the same story, much like the novel was a new version of the original radio scripts. Not that that connects to Watchmen, but I just thought it was an interesting bit of trivia
*Hitchhiker's
The Imp says:
I'm willing to give it a fair chance for one reason: I read an interview with Snyder saying that he agonized on how or if to include the Black Ship segments. They finally decided to cut them (but from what I understand they will show up in animated form in the DVD), but the mere fact that Snyder seemed to be aware of their importance to the story seems to bode at least somewhat well…
You know what will be the worst thing about it? All the people who say "Whos watching the Watchmen? I AM!"
OH GOD! I hadn't even thought about that, and now it's already sucking out my will to live
collex says:
Well, According the movie is 2h35 minute for the theatrical cut, a little bit more than 3h for the special edition version and nearly 4h for the ultimate colector's edition, wich is the special edition cut with the Black Freighter added trough it.
You want a dense work that has been adapted successfully into a movie? Lord of the Rings.
Jeff, did you see the lastest trailer? In it, you see Dan Dreiberg without costume and he is clearly a little bit overweight. Also, keep in mind that what you saw is a TRAILER. A trailer's goal is to drive people to see the movie. In order to do this, they must show you the most adrenaline-packed sequences in 60 seconds. If you had to convince me to see say, Titanic, in 60 seconds, what would you show to me? The sequence where the boat trip over, or the 15-minutes heartfelt dialogue sequence between the two protagonist.
Hmmm … you know, Collex, in Broken City they showed Batman having fake abs in his Batsuit to conceal body armor. If they play up that angle or something similar to explain Nite Owl's appearance, I could go on board with that detail. That only leaves me with about 99 other details to worry about.
But I'm really hoping you're right about the times and the effort going into the adaptation. And I actually kind of like Peter Jackson's version of LOTR (I did miss Tom Bombadil, but not many other people did), so you've made me a little more optimistic.
What is Broken City? A comic-book I've never read?
Well, I can't say every detail will be respected , it's an adaptation after all. But I'm cautiously optismitic. Remember it could have been way worst. Before Zack Snyder came aboard, the studios were going to update the story to that "War on Terror" concept you Americans are so fond of.


AMY is the controversial new documentary about the hyper-talented North London jazz and soul singer Amy Winehouse, who died at the age of 27 in 2010 from complications due to long-term bulimia, drug and alcohol abuse. The director, Asif Kapadia, opens the story with Amy as a 16 year old goofing around with her close friends on video, clearly talented, and quickly signed up by manager Nick Shyamsky. She's evidently steeped in the jazz tradition and wants to make great music rather than achieve a fame that she knows she'll find hard to handle. She's soon signed to Island Records, brings out her debut album "Frank" and uses the money to first move into a small flat and then into her house in Camden. The freedom allows her pot smoking to morph into heavier drug use, and she's still bulimic but she's still not on crack cocaine or heroine when her manager and friend, Nick, tries to intervene. This is the first of two pivotal moments in the documentary - the moment where maybe early intervention might have led to the start of recovery because the paparazzi glare, and Blake Fielder-Civil, hadn't yet appeared. But Amy wants her dad, Mitch, to make a decision, and he says she doesn't have to go, much to Nick's horror, and echoed in the lyrics of "Rehab". This feels like an early chance foregone, and sets us up to explore Amy's trauma at her father leaving her mother when Amy was 9, and being an absent figure who's approval she still craved.
We then move into the truly dark times. After "Back to Black" the money rolls in but so do the paparazzi and the enablers. Amy falls wildly in love with Blake, an addict, and they enable each others addictions. She starts taking crack and heroine - her house becomes a kind of squat - the third album is nowhere in sight. Eventually, Blake is put in prison, and escaping to St Lucia seems to steady Amy - she's still bulimic and drinking, but at least the hard drugs have gone. She calls out her dad, now a more frequent presence in her life, but he turns up with a reality TV crew, invading her life after she tried to run away.
Finally, after a period of sobriety in the run up to the Grammys, we reach our final moment of crisis and the second pivotal moment of the documentary. Amy's manager and father set up an extensive European tour that Amy just doesn't want to go on and she self-sabotages, culminating in that infamous footage of the concert in Belgrade where she simply refuses to sing. There's a crucial moment where in advance of that she goes on a binge so the tour will be cancelled. Her father and manager don't check her into rehab but into a flash hotel filled with the press. The tour goes ahead. Soon, she's dead.
Director Asif Kapadia has made a remarkably even-handed documentary and has resisted laying blame on any one person. Mitch Winehouse is not portrayed as a villain in the way that Alain Prost was in SENNA. But there are clearly a number of disturbing things going on here. Amy was evidently deeply traumatised by the breakdown of her parents' marriage and her bulimia, pot-smoking and depression started way before she reached any kind of fame. Her parents seeming inability to recognise this, or if acknowledged, the to deal with it and lay down clear boundaries, is more tragic than blameworthy. Once the money starts rolling in, there are clear imperatives that contradict Amy's health. You get the impression that her close business circle, which Mitch becomes a part of, need her on the road. But to be honest, I felt the documentary was leaving us to draw our own conclusions (good) but also perhaps pulling its punches.
What I love about AMY is that by unearthing and using lots of informal video footage of Amy, she becomes a visceral and vital presence. Her talent, wit, and vulnerability shine through. In a sense she is the most vital thing about this documentary and that's a rare achievement. I really came out of it feeling that I understood her struggles better and sympathised with them more. Two criticisms. First, the director chooses not to tell us why Amy was so steeped in jazz - that her extended family were jazz musicians and that she was actually in a number of stage schools. Rather he leaves us with the impression that she is something of a one-off random prodigy sprouted in North London. A stage school girl clearly had more awareness and drive for the fame the interviews played in the film make out she was rejecting. Second, the movie ends when Amy dies, and that's also probably right, but by not showing us how Mitch Winehouse has created a career as a crooner on the back of his daughter's fame, it definitely paints him in a better light.
AMY is rated R and has a running time of 128 minutes. AMY played Cannes 2015, and is currently on release in the Netherlands. It will be released on July 3rd in the UK, Ireland and USA; on July 8th in France; on July 9th in Greece and Hungary; on July 10th in Finland; on July 16th in Germany; and on July 17th in Sweden.