text:
Homepage > Katalog > Anglistik / Englische Sprachwissenschaft > Literatur
Civilisation, marriage and tenderness in D.H. Lawrence's novel "Lady Chatterley's Lover"
Seminararbeit, 2008
K D
Katrin Daum (Autor)
2 Civilisation
2.1 The First World War
2.2 The Class System
2.3 Industrialisation
3 Marriage
4 Tenderness
4.1 Connie and her Lover in Germany, Michaelis and Clifford
4.2 Connie and Mellors
When the first version of Lady Chatterley's Lover was published in 1926, the readers had been shocked, because it was about sex. Since then there have been various speculations, books and articles about if there was more to this book than sex – and there certainly is.
The term paper concentrates on three main aspects: civilisation, marriage and tenderness. I chose three points of criticism of society, namely the war, the class system and industrialisation. In the chapter 'marriage', I decided to focus mainly on the Chatterley's marriage and the relation between Connie and Mellors, though also the couples Ted and Ivy Bolton and Mellors and Bertha Coutts come up shortly. For the last point in this term paper, I grouped the aspects of Connie's relations before she had met Mellors and her relation with him. In this last chapter, I tried not to give too many examples to show in which way the two lovers behave tenderly, but I rather attempted to give an overview over their relationship and the ramifications of tenderness for them.
The consequences of the First World War for Constance Chatterley were not only a husband, Clifford, who was physically paralysed from the waist downwards and impotent, but whose soul was also damaged. At first glance, everything appeared 'normal': Clifford was a famous author, liked receiving friends at Wragby Hall, the family seat, enjoyed having conversations with them and his wife, and was fond of going out for a walk in his motor-chair in the nearby wood. But in one of their discussions, Connie noticed
[…] one of the great laws of the human soul: that when the emotional soul receives a wounding shock, which does not kill the body, the soul seems to recover as the body recovers. But this is only appearance. It is, really, only the mechanism of reassumed habit. Slowly, slowly the wound to the soul begins to make itself felt, like a bruise which only slowly deepens its terrible ache, till it fills all the psyche. And when we think we have recovered and forgotten, it is then that the terrible after-effects have to be encountered at their worst. (49)[1]
For her, at the age of 23, it was not easy to handle this situation as she had to face it everyday and there was nothing to distract her at Wragby Hall – except the conversations with Clifford's friends which soon started to bore her, too.
It seemed to her that "[a]ll the great words […] were cancelled for her generation: love, joy, happiness, home, […]." (62) She suffered, because she failed to live happily with her husband, inwardly searching for the meaning of her life without yet knowing it. Lawrence gives the explication for her sentiments himself: "It is the day after."[2] Connie's generation was the one who survived the First World War and who had to deal with the after-effects of it. Even the very beginning of the novel tells us that "[o]urs is essentially a tragic age […]." (5)
Nevertheless, Connie will find her true love Mellors, whereas Clifford is going to be abandoned by his wife. So when the novel develops, it becomes clear that he is – regarding interpersonal relations – actually the tragic figure.
On the one hand, one could lay all the blame for Clifford's destiny in the hands of the war, but this would be too easy. He's certainly not the poor figure that doesn't know how to live on, as becomes clear when his person developed with Mrs Bolton's help. But who knows how the Chatterley's marriage would have evolved without the war? Perhaps they would have lived happily together until the end of their days. But for Lawrence there would have been no necessity to write about a happy couple. He wanted to criticize the war and its consequences for human lives. In Doris Lessing's eyes, Lady Chatterley's Lover is even "one of the most powerful anti-war novels ever written."[3]
Clifford, as the owner of the collieries in Tevershall, was responsible for the workers. His idea was, that the aristocracy "has given the colliers all they have that's worth having: all their political liberty, and their education, such as it is, their sanitation, their health-conditions, their books, their music, everything." (181)
On the one hand, he felt superior to them, as he was a member of the upper class. He had "power" (108) over them. In his eyes, "they are not men. They are animals […]" (182) and "he saw them as objects rather than men" (15). "The masses have been ruled since time began, and till time ends, rules they will have to be." (183) His duty was to rule them and to give them work. Apart from that he didn't care for them.
On the other hand, "he was just a bit frightened of the vast hordes of middle and lower-class humanity, and of foreigners not of his own class." (10) This could be explained by the fact that he was crippled and the workers were physically in better condition than he was. Perhaps it had even something to do with him not being able to go wherever he would have liked to go and to run away in case of a rebellion. Probably one could even argue that his "supercilious and contemptuous" (15) behaviour towards members of the other classes was only jealousy.
At the same time, he was aware of the fact that the class system had been made up and was only a "romantic illusion" (183). He told Connie:
Place any child among the ruling classes, and he will grow up, to his own extent, a ruler. Put kings' and dukes' children among the masses, and they'll be little plebeians, mass products. It is the overwhelming pressure of environment. (183)
Having a look at her attitudes towards the different classes in English society, Mrs Bolton is a very conflicting person. When she at first felt "a resentment against the owning class" (81) and "was [at the same time] thrilled by her contact with this man of the upper class" (100), she soon realized, that Clifford, "a real gentleman" (99), "wasn't so very different from the colliers after all" (83). Finally, she accepted his superiority over her and liked working for him. She would even stay awake a good portion of the night to gamble with him. When Connie was furious about them playing cards for money, Clifford just raised Mrs Bolton's wage (215). So much for how to solve problems in the upper class – namely with money.
For Connie, the ruling of the aristocracy "was all cold nonsense" (72). She didn't care about her ladyship and even hated it. (cf. 124) When her sister Hilda predicted that she would feel ashamed of having had an affair with a gamekeeper, she ignored the warning. Yet Hilda's reason why one should not get mixed with working class people seems a little bit far-fetched: "because the whole rhythm is different." (241) None the less, at a moment, Connie thought of her affair as "humiliating" (264), but quickly changed her mind.
For the reader, it is surprising, that Clifford's godfather, Leslie Winter – as an example for people from the upper class – "would detest and despise her [Connie]" for having an affair with a working class member. "A man of her own class he would not mind." (128) One should think, that infidelity is bad, irrespective of the class to which the man with whom one has an affair belongs to. But potentially, he would only accept it because of Clifford's impotence.
These statements (of Hilda and Leslie Winter) show very well how really different people of lower classes were seen in the upper class. One was not allowed to have any sort of relation with them except the master-servant-relationship and apart from that: no talking at all. Because if one did – or if one had even an affair with a worker - like Connie –, society would sooner or later find out and the reputation and respect would be gone.
Curiously, there were however people who decided against climbing the social ladder. (Probably there were only few who had had the chance.) Mellors "had come back to his own class" (142) after having been a soldier in the army in India and having become a lieutenant. His reason was that
[t]here was a toughness, a curious rubber-necked toughness and unlivingness about the middle and upper classes, as he had known them, which just left him feeling cold and different from them. (142f)
Lawrence criticizes in his novel "[c]lass hate and class-consciousness"[4] and he shows, that real love, like in the case of Connie and Mellors, doesn't know class restrictions.
[1] All the numbers given in brackets after quotations refer to the number of the page in the primary text: Lawrence, D. H.: Lady Chatterley's Lover. London: Penguin Classics, 2006.
[2] Lawrence, David Herbert. "A Propos of 'Lady Chatterley's Lover'." In: Lawrence, David Herbert. Lady Chatterley's Lover. London: Penguin Classics, 2006.
[3] Lessing, Doris: "Introduction." In: Lawrence, David Herbert. Lady Chatterley's Lover. London: Penguin Classics, 2006. P. XXI.
[4] Lawrence. P. 332.
Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (Anglistik)
Proseminar: Pastoral Novels
Die Seminararbeit "Civilisation, marriage and tenderness in D.H. Lawrence's novel Lady Chatterley's Lover" zeichnet sich durch einen guten Aufbau der Argumentation und einen sehr flüssigen, adäquaten Sprachgebrauch aus. Leider wird in der Argumentation nur auf textinerne Elemente zurückgegriffen, die zwar Lawrences Gesellschaftskritik verdeutlichen, ohne jedoch einen Vergleichsmaßstab zu gebrauchen. Es hätte sich angeboten entweder auf die behandelten Texte von Ruskin (The Sesame and the Lilies) oder auf Lawrences Studie über Thomas Hardy zurückzugreifen, [...]
Civilisation, Lawrence, Lady, Chatterley, Lover, Proseminar, Pastoral, Novels
Katrin Daum (Autor), 2008, Civilisation, marriage and tenderness in D.H. Lawrence's novel "Lady Chatterley's Lover", München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/117115
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text:
Les , ou  en anglais, sont un petit archipel du Nicaragua. Il est situé dans la mer des Caraïbes, sur l'ancienne côte des Mosquitos, et se compose de .

Géographie

Les  sont situés dans la mer des Caraïbes, à une trentaine de kilomètres à l'est des côtes du Nicaragua (l'ancienne côte des Mosquitos), au large de la lagune qui donne son nom à la municipalité de Laguna de Perlas. Elles se composent de 18 cayes où poussent des palétuviers rouges et des cocotiers.

Administrativement, l'archipel relève de la Région autonome de la Côte caraïbe sud depuis 1986 et la division du département de Zelaya.

Histoire

À la fin des années 1990, un homme d'affaires grec, Peter Tsokos, rachète plusieurs des cayes de l'archipel pour les revendre sur Internet à de riches Occidentaux désirant posséder leur île privée. Ses démarches suscitent une vive opposition parmi les Mosquitos de la région, qui estiment que ces îles sont une propriété commune du peuple et que Tsokos les a acquises de manière illégale. Les querelles entre les nouveaux venus, qui abattent les mangroves pour construire leurs résidences, menaçant les cayes d'érosion, et les habitants du cru sont nombreuses. La situation s'envenime au point que le président nicaraguayen Arnoldo Alemán se rend sur place en 2001. Les Mosquitos sont défendus par l'avocate nicaraguayenne Maria Luisa Acosta, dont le mari est assassiné en 2002 dans ce que certains considèrent comme une tentative de la réduire au silence. Plusieurs des îles sont rapidement abandonnées par leurs nouveaux propriétaires, qui ne laissent que des ruines derrière eux.

Protection

Depuis 2020, le système des  constitue une zone protégée en tant que « refuge de vie sylvestre » ().

Dans les médias

En 2010, la onzième saison de l'émission de téléréalité , déclinaison espagnole de la franchise , se déroule dans les .

Références

Liens externes

Archipel au Nicaragua
Archipel des Caraïbes
Aire protégée au Nicaragua

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Southern United States shows a substantial increase in the number of counties that reported evidence of the mosquitoes that can spread chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses, according to new research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published in the Journal of Medical Entomology June 19.
In the spring and fall of 2016, CDC conducted surveys to record where Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes were found. The latest 2016 data add Ae. aegypti collection records from 38 new counties and Ae. albopictus collection records from 127 new counties, a 21 percent and 10 percent increase, compared with the previous report, in the number of counties that report the presence of these mosquitoes.
These findings highlight the need for continued and improved mosquito surveillance. State and local health departments and mosquito control districts can use this information to plan for mosquito control and prevention activities in advance of possible outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases. For more information: www.cdc.gov/zika.


text:
<?php

/**
 * LoginValidation class
*
* @author Display Name <gstearmit(Hoang Phuc)>
* Used to add validator on login form
*/
namespace Users\Model;

use Zend\InputFilter\InputFilter;
use Zend\InputFilter\Factory as InputFactory;
use Zend\InputFilter\InputFilterAwareInterface;
use Zend\InputFilter\InputFilterInterface;

/**
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 *
 * @category Login
 * @package Model
 *
 * @author Display Name <gstearmit(Hoang Phuc)>
 */
class ResetPasswordValidation implements InputFilterAwareInterface
{

    /**
     *
     * @var object Zend\InputFilter\InputFilterAwareInterface
     */
    protected $_inputFilter;

    /**
     * set interface for input filter
     *
     * @param InputFilterInterface $inputFilter
     *            object of InputFilterInterface
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     * @return void
     */
    public function setInputFilter(InputFilterInterface $inputFilter)
    {
        throw new \Exception("Not used $inputFilter");
    }

    /**
     * Function to add validation on
     * Add filter form
     *
     * @return object Zend\InputFilter\InputFilterAwareInterface
     */
    public function getInputFilter()
    {
        if (! $this->_inputFilter) {
            $inputFilter = new InputFilter();

            $factory = new InputFactory();
            $isEmpty = \Zend\Validator\NotEmpty::IS_EMPTY;
            $minLength = \Zend\Validator\StringLength::TOO_SHORT;
            $maxLength = \Zend\Validator\StringLength::TOO_LONG;
            /* $invalidEmail = \Zend\Validator\EmailAddress::INVALID_FORMAT; */
            $regexNotMatched = \Zend\Validator\Regex::NOT_MATCH;
            $notMatched = \Zend\Validator\Identical::NOT_SAME;

            $inputFilter->add($factory->createInput(array(
                'name' => 'new_password',
                'required' => true,
                'validators' => array(
                    array(
                        'name' => 'NotEmpty',
                        'options' => array(
                            'messages' => array(
                                $isEmpty => 'Password can not be empty.'
                            )
                        ),
                        'break_chain_on_failure' => true
                    ),

                    array(
                        'name' => 'Regex',
                        'options' => array(
                            'pattern' => '/^(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*[!@#$%^&*()\-_=+{};:,<.>]).{8,45}$/',
                            'messages' => array(
                                $regexNotMatched => 'Password Must Contain at least one special Character.'
                            )
                        ),
                        'break_chain_on_failure' => true
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                    array(
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                        'options' => array(
                            'min' => 8,
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                                $minLength => 'Password must be more than 8 character',
                                $maxLength => 'Password must be less than 45 character'
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            )));

            $inputFilter->add($factory->createInput(array(
                'name' => 'confirm_password',
                'required' => true,
                'validators' => array(
                    array(
                        'name' => 'NotEmpty',
                        'options' => array(
                            'messages' => array(
                                $isEmpty => 'Confirm Password can not be empty.'
                            )
                        ),
                        'break_chain_on_failure' => true
                    ),

                    array(
                        'name' => 'Identical',
                        'options' => array(
                            'token' => 'new_password',
                            'messages' => array(
                                $notMatched => 'New Password and Confirm Password not matched.'
                            )
                        ),
                        'break_chain_on_failure' => true
                    )
                )
                ,
                'filters' => array(
                    array(
                        'name' => 'StripTags'
                    ),
                    array(
                        'name' => 'StringTrim'
                    )
                )
            )));

            $this->_inputFilter = $inputFilter;
        }

        return $this->_inputFilter;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The National Transportation Safety Board's preliminary report on a Paulsboro train derailment that released 180,000 pounds of a hazardous material doesn't say what caused the accident.
In the report released Monday, the NTSB says a train was moving at 7 mph when it derailed on a swivel-style rail bridge overt Mantua Creek in Paulsboro on Nov. 30.
That is below the speed limit of 10 mph.
NTSB chairman Deborah Hersman has previously said the agency is also looking into the mechanisms that lock the bridge into place.
A tanker car ruptured in the accident, releasing vinyl chloride into the air, leading to the evacuation of more than 300 families and businesses.
The final derailed car was removed over the weekend.


text:
UMass reverses policy on Iranian students
It was a quick response to a wide outcry, but some are still wary.
By Steve Annear and Eric Bosco Globe Staff and Globe Correspondent,February 19, 2015, 12:27 a.m.
The school's decision was the result of consultation with the State Department, the university said.Matthew Cavanaugh for The Boston Globe/Globe Freelance
AMHERST — The University of Massachusetts Amherst on Wednesday backed away from its policy barring Iranians from graduate engineering programs, just days after its aggressive new response to US sanctions sparked a groundswell of protests from students and faculty.
After consulting with the US State Department, UMass officials said Iranian nationals can enroll in chemical, computer, and mechanical engineering studies — as long as their planned studies do not run afoul of federal sanctions intended to curb Iran's nuclear ambitions.
"If . . . they are qualified students, we are more than happy to have them come here," said Michael Malone, vice chancellor for research and engagement. "We're trying to find a way forward through a fairly complicated landscape."
Students at the state's flagship campus who had protested the initial decision when it was announced to students on Feb. 12 said they welcomed the shift — with some reservations.
Mohsen Jalali, a member of the Iranian Graduate Students Association, said Wednesday that his group was "more than happy," but would keep close watch to ensure the new policy doesn't unfairly restrict academic opportunity.
"We want to see and make sure about more transparency and more clarification on the new policy, so there won't be any arbitrary decision making going forward," said Jalali, a political science student.
"It's promising, but it's not inclusive," said Soroush Farzinmoghadam, an Iranian graduate student studying architecture and regional planning at UMass. "It sounds to me that it is still discriminatory."
Malone said the community response was a major factor in the revision.
"Students make an enormous impact on our thinking and we weigh that very carefully," he said. Malone also cited the university's continuing conversations with the US government.
On Wednesday night, more than 100 people expressed outrage over the revised policy at a public forum held at the school.
Students called the policy discriminatory, restrictive, and unfair despite the revisions.
Dr. Allan E. Goodman, president of the Institute of International Education in New York, said earlier on Wednesday that it is unusual for a university to ban students from academic programs based on economic sanctions.
He said UMass appears to have done the right thing by going back to the government for clarity.
"I haven't heard of this before, but I think that university officials can look in the abstract of a government regulation and maybe not fully comprehend what it means, or what degrees of freedom they might have," he said.
A State Department official said last week that the school's timing was surprising, given that the sanctions in question date to 2012.
The department official, who asked not to be named, said the law does not prohibit qualified Iranian nationals from coming to the United States to study science and engineering, and each application goes through an approval process.
On Wednesday, the State Department said that it "had already begun a conversation with UMass Amherst about the original decision, and will continue that conversation going forward."
Malone said the university drafted the initial ban and posted it online in an effort to clarify the rules, after a recent inquiry from an Iranian student.
Under its new plan, the university will create individual study programs for Iranian students entering graduate school for the affected engineering programs.
Malone said that process will require an "extra bit of planning" and coordination with the State Department, but remains in line with federal law.
The National Iranian American Council said in a statement that its members sympathize with the burdens that the sanctions impose on universities, and hope that eventually the measures are lifted.
Jamal Abdi, policy director for the group, said he is not surprised that UMass revised its policy so quickly.
He described the initial effort as a "clear and egregious" violation of the school's own values.
"They erred on the side of disenfranchising and discriminating against a whole group of people in order to satisfy the misreading of the sanctions," Abdi said. "We welcome the fact that they reversed this policy, and look forward to learning more about how the new approach will ensure it welcomes all students."
At the forum Wednesday night, which was hosted by International Relations Club and Persian Students Association, students voiced concerns that the revised policy still discriminates.
"My roommate is Iranian. It's very humiliating for him to have to sign an agreement like that," said Michael Havlin, a graduate student studying public policy and regional planning.
"It's like he's being treated as a second-class citizen. So far he's been very accepted here, but this university that's supposed to be so open-minded forcing him to sign a document saying he won't go home and build a bomb or something is just really disappointing to see."
Ikenna Ugwu, a freshman engineering major from Nigeria, added: "It's still in some way telling them that they are different. This could be any international any day. It could happen to me at some point in the future."
Adina Giannelli, president of the Graduate Student Senate, sent a formal letter to the chancellor earlier this week demanding that an advisory committee be created to address the issue of Iranian student enrollment.
"They can't do this behind closed doors. They need to include students, Iranian students in the process," Giannelli said.
Nariman Mostafavi, a graduate student studying Building and Construction Technology, also spoke out.
"I got banned from my education in Iran because I raised my voice against what happened in my country," Mostafavi said. "I was a leader of a pro-democracy secular group that was advocating for academic freedoms in the universities and when I moved to the United States, especially UMass Amherst, I never imagined anything like this. . . . I think it is against anything America has ever stood for."
Steve Annear can be reached at steve.annear@globe.com. Follow him on Twitter @steveannear. Eric Bosco can be reached at ebosco@umass.edu.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
1.1Early life and education
1.2Art career
1.3Film career
1.4Writing and recording
1.5Personal life
2Museum exhibitions
3Filmography
4Awards
American artist and filmmaker
Schnabel at the 2010 Hamptons International Film Festival
(1951-10-26) October 26, 1951 (age 71)
New York City, U.S.
"Plate paintings"
Jacqueline Beaurang
(m. 1980; div. 1992)
Olatz López Garmendia
Louise Kugelberg
6, including Vito
julianschnabel.com
Julian Schnabel (born October 26, 1951) is an American painter and filmmaker. In the 1980s, he received international attention for his "plate paintings" — with broken ceramic plates set onto large-scale paintings. Since the 1990s, he has been a proponent of independent arthouse cinema. Schnabel directed Before Night Falls, which became Javier Bardem's breakthrough Academy Award-nominated role, and The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, which was nominated for four Academy Awards. For the latter, he won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director[1] and the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, as well as receiving nominations for the Academy Award for Best Director and the César Award for Best Director.
Early life and education[edit]
Schnabel was born in Brooklyn, New York to a Jewish family,[2] the son of Esta (née Greenberg) and Jack Schnabel.[3] He moved with his family to Brownsville, Texas in 1965.[4] He received his B.F.A. at the University of Houston. After graduating, he sent an application to the Independent Study Program (ISP) at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York. His application included slides of his work sandwiched between two pieces of bread. He was admitted into the program and studied there from 1973–1975.[4]
Art career[edit]
Schnabel returned to Houston in 1975 and rented a studio in the Heights neighborhood. After reported, repeated badgering by the artist, Jim Harithas, director of the Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, agreed to give him a show.[5] The eponymously titled exhibit ran from February 20 to March 7, 1976 in the parallelogram building's lower gallery.[6]
On seeing the show, ARTnews critic Charlotte Moser wrote, "Though still formative, Schnabel's paintings possess a palpable presence," but found the work "clearly influenced by post-minimalist artists whose intellectual ideas he might share but whose technical expertise and clarity of vision he has yet to acquire."[7]
It was with his first solo show, at the Mary Boone Gallery in 1979 that Schnabel had his breakthrough; all his works were sold in advance. He participated at the Venice Biennale in 1980 with Anselm Kiefer and Georg Baselitz. By the time he exhibited his work in a show jointly organized by Boone and Leo Castelli in 1981, he had become firmly established and was the youngest artist in the legendary exhibition 'A New Spirit in Painting' in the Royal Academy of Arts. His now famous "plate paintings" — large-scale paintings set on broken ceramic plates—received a boisterous and critical reception from the art world. His wild and expressive works were classed as neo-expressionism by art critics. In the years to follow Schnabel's success on the art market would above all be criticised.[8]
Schnabel's style is characterised by very large scale paintings. He uses diverse materials such as plaster, wax, photographs, antlers, velvet and ceramics. His paintings make use of canvas, wood, muslin and even surfboards. His paintings often combine abstract and figurative elements. Due to the size, weight and depth of his works, they are often given sculptural properties.
In 2002, Schnabel painted the cover artwork for the Red Hot Chili Peppers' eighth studio album, By the Way. The woman featured on the cover of By the Way is Julian's daughter, Stella Schnabel, who was band member John Frusciante's then-girlfriend.[59] Regarding the artwork, Frusciante noted: "My girlfriend's father offered to do the album art, so we sent him rough mixes of eight songs, and he just got the vibe of the album from that. He said that he wouldn't be offended if we didn't like it, but we loved what he did. He's also given us great covers for all the singles. He's a true artist."
Schnabel had an exhibition at the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto, which ran from September 1, 2010 to January 2, 2011 and occupied the entirety of the gallery's fifth floor. It examined "the rich interplay between Schnabel's paintings and films".[9] In 2011 Museo Correr exhibited Julian Schnabel: Permanently Becoming and the Architecture of Seeing, a selected survey show of Schnabel's career curated by Norman Rosenthal.[10]
Art critic Robert Hughes was one of the most outspoken critics of his work; he once stated that "Schnabel's work is to painting what Stallone's is to acting: a lurching display of oily pectorals."[11] In the 2017 Swedish film The Square, set in a museum of modern art, Dominic West plays a character modeled on Schnabel.[12][13][14]
Film career[edit]
Schnabel began his film career in the 1990s with the film Basquiat, a biopic on the painter Jean-Michel Basquiat (1996), followed by Before Night Falls (2000), an adaptation of Reinaldo Arenas' autobiographical novel, which he also produced, and which won the Grand Jury Prize at the Venice Film Festival. He directed The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (2007), an adaptation (with a screenplay by Ronald Harwood) of a French memoir by Jean-Dominique Bauby. The Diving Bell and the Butterfly earned him the award for best director at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival,[1] the Golden Globe for best director, the Independent Spirit Award for best director, and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director.
Despite the fact that producing The Diving Bell and the Butterfly might seem like a commission to do someone else's work, Schnabel took on the film. According to Schnabel,
I used to go up to read to Fred Hughes, Andy Warhol's business partner, who had multiple sclerosis. And as Fred got worse, he ended up locked inside his body. I had been thinking that I might make a movie about Fred when his nurse, Darren McCormick, gave me Bauby's memoir, The Diving Bell and the Butterfly. Then, in 2003, when my father was dying, the script arrived from Kennedy. So it didn't feel quite like taking on a commissioned job.
In 2007, Schnabel designed Lou Reed's critically acclaimed "Berlin" Tour and released Lou Reed's Berlin.[15] In 2010, Schnabel then directed the film Miral. In May 2017, Schnabel announced plans for a film about the painter Vincent van Gogh during his time in Arles and Auvers-sur-Oise, France. The film At Eternity's Gate was released in 2018 and the script was written by Schnabel, French screenwriter Jean-Claude Carrière, and Louise Kugelberg. The film stars Willem Dafoe as Van Gogh.[16] Other actors include Mathieu Amalric, Mads Mikkelsen, Niels Arestrup, Oscar Isaac as Paul Gauguin and Emmanuelle Seigner as "the woman from Arles" or L'Arlésienne.[17]
Writing and recording[edit]
Schnabel published his autobiography, CVJ: Nicknames of Maitre D's & Other Excerpts From Life (Random House, New York), in 1987 and released the album Every Silver Lining Has a Cloud on Island Records (Catalog #314-524 111-2) in 1995.
Recorded in Brooklyn, New York, in 1993, the album features guest musicians including Bill Laswell, Bernie Worrell, Buckethead, and Nicky Skopelitis.[citation needed]
Personal life[edit]
Palazzo Chupi
In 1980, he married Belgian clothing designer Jacqueline Beaurang. They have three children:[18][19] two daughters – Lola, a painter and filmmaker; and Stella, a poet and actress – and a son, Vito, an art dealer.[20]
He has twin sons, Cy and Olmo, with his second wife, Spanish actress Olatz López Garmendia.[21][22][23]
His collaboration with Palestinian journalist Rula Jebreal, who penned the screenplay and original source novel for Schnabel's film Miral, extended beyond the movie. Schnabel was in a relationship with her from 2007 to 2011.[24][25][26]
Schnabel dated Danish model May Andersen, from whom he parted ways in 2014. They have a son, who was born in June 2013.[27]
Schnabel lives in New York City with his current wife Louise Kugelberg, a Swedish interior designer. She is also the co-editor and co-writer of At Eternity's Gate. Schnabel maintains studios in New York City and in Montauk at the east end of Long Island. Schnabel resides in a former West Village horse stable that he purchased and converted for residential use, adding five luxury condominiums in the style of a Northern Italian palazzo. It is named the Palazzo Chupi, and it is easy to spot because it is painted pink.[28]
In 2009, Schnabel signed a petition in support of film director Roman Polanski, calling for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 charge for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl.[29]
Museum exhibitions[edit]
His works are exhibited in the collections of various museums throughout the world, among them the Metropolitan Museum of Art; Museum of Modern Art in New York; the Whitney Museum of American Art; the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA), Los Angeles; Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Reina Sofia in Madrid; Tate Modern in London and the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris.[citation needed]
Filmography[edit]
1996 Basquiat Yes Yes Feature directorial debut
Also composer and music writer ("Suicide Hotline Mode" and "She Is Dancing")
2000 Before Night Falls Yes Yes Also executive producer
2007 The Diving Bell and the Butterfly Yes No Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director
Nominated — Academy Award for Best Director
Lou Reed's Berlin Yes No Documentary
2010 Miral Yes No
2018 At Eternity's Gate Yes Yes Also editor
Awards[edit]
2019 Paez Medal of Art, New York City (VAEA).[30]
Bruno Bischofberger
List of artists who created paintings and drawings for use in films
^ a b "Festival de Cannes: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 2009-12-18.
^ Brown, Mark (September 2, 2010). "Jewish director Julian Schnabel brings Palestine to Venice". The Guardian. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
^ "Paid Notice: Deaths - Schnabel, Esta". New York Times. November 19, 2002. Retrieved 2010-10-30. Devoted mother to Andrea, Stephen, Julian.
^ a b "The double life of Julian: how the bad boy painter turned fêted director". The Independent. London, UK. 2007-05-29. Archived from the original on July 1, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
^ Gershon, Pete (September 13, 2018). Collision: The Contemporary Art Scene in Houston, 1972–1985 (Sara and John Lindsey Series in the Arts and Humanities (Book 19) ed.). Texas A&M University Press. pp. 128–9. ISBN 978-1623496326.
^ "Julian Schnabel". Contemporary Arts Museum Houston. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
^ Moser, Charlotte (April 1976). "Houston: Between Fantasy and Surrealism". ARTnews: 66.
^ "Julian Schnabel: dedications". Julian Schnabel. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
^ "Julian Schnabel: Art and Film | AGO Art Gallery of Ontario". Ago.net. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
^ Morgan, Robert C. (5 September 2011). "In Venice: Schnabel and the Persistence of Art". The Brooklyn Rail. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
^ Robert Hughes, Time Magazine, August 7, 2012
^ "Dominic West: Julian Schnabel was dismissive and rather grand when we met - Independent.ie". Independent.ie. Retrieved 2018-04-25.
^ Murphy, Mekado. "Anatomy of a Scene | 'The Square'". NYTimes.com - Video. Retrieved 2018-04-25.
^ "'The Square includes one of the best scenes ever in cinema', says actor Dominic West". Retrieved 2018-04-25.
^ "Berlin". Archived from the original on March 9, 2008.
^ Anne Thompson (2017-05-23). "Willem Dafoe as Vincent Van Gogh in Schnabel's Biopic: Exclusive Photo". IndieWire. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
^ "AFM: SPK Pictures to Finance New Films From Julian Schnabel, Harmony Korine (Exclusive)". Hollywood Reporter. 2017-11-02. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
^ Stone, Michael (May 18, 1992). "Off the Canvas: The Art of Julian Schnabel Survives the Wreckage of the Eighties". New York. p. 34.
^ Rowes, Barbara (December 12, 1983). "For Painter Julian Schnabel, There's No Sound Sweeter Than Cracking Crockery". People. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
^ "The Schnabel Family". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on 2007-12-31. The New York Observer
^ Brown, Mick (January 19, 2008). "Julian Schnabel: Larging It". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on March 29, 2008. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
^ Ramudo, Susana (2018). "The Style Of Olatz Schnabel". Azure Azure. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
^ "Mr Big bounces back: Julian Schnabel's amazing journey from faded art star to film-maker extraordinaire". The Independent. 13 January 2008. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
^ Enk, Bryan (2011-04-20). "Movie Blogs". Blog.movies.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2013-06-06. [permanent dead link]
^ "Rula Jebreal Photos Photos - Julian Schnabel Opening Exhibition - Arrivals - 54th International Art Biennale". Zimbio. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
^ Chris Rovzar (2011-08-15). "Julian Schnabel and Rula Jebreal Have Broken Schnup". Nymag.com. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
^ "Artist Julian Schnabel and model May Andersen engaged". Nypost.com. 2012-11-21. Retrieved 2013-06-06.
^ Barbanel, Josh (2009-12-06). "Price Cuts of a Princely Kind". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
^ Shoard, Catherine; agencies (29 September 2009). "Release Polanski, demands petition by film industry luminaries". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
^ "JULIAN SCHNABEL is one of the two recipient of VAEA's Paez Medal of Art 2019". VAEA. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
Julian Schnabel at IMDb
The Student of Prague (1983)
Basquiat (1996)
Before Night Falls (2000)
The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (2007)
Lou Reed's Berlin (2007)
Miral (2010)
At Eternity's Gate (2018)
Every Silver Lining Has a Cloud (1995)
By the Way (2002 Red Hot Chili Peppers album)
Vito Schnabel (son)
Rula Jebreal (partner, 2007-2011)
May Andersen (partner, 2013-2014)
Awards for Julian Schnabel
Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director
Roman Polanski (1980)
Steven Spielberg (1981)
Paolo Taviani and Vittorio Taviani (1983)
Bertrand Tavernier (1984)
John Huston (1985)
David Lynch / Oliver Stone (1986)
Stanley Kubrick (1987)
Stephen Frears (1988)
Jonathan Demme (1991)
Ang Lee (1995)
Mike Leigh (1996)
Curtis Hanson (1997)
John Boorman (1998)
David O. Russell (1999)
Cameron Crowe (2000)
David Lynch (2001)
Sofia Coppola (2003)
Zhang Yimou (2004)
Julian Schnabel (2007)
Gus Van Sant (2008)
Kathryn Bigelow (2009)
David Fincher (2010)
Steve McQueen (2013)
Richard Linklater (2014)
Todd Haynes (2015)
Damien Chazelle (2016)
Paul Thomas Anderson (2017)
Lynne Ramsay (2018)
Bong Joon-ho (2019)
Chloé Zhao (2020)
Ryusuke Hamaguchi (2021)
Todd Field (2022)
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director
Christian-Jaque (1952)
Jules Dassin / Sergei Vasilyev (1955)
Sergei Yutkevich (1956)
François Truffaut (1959)
Yuliya Solntseva (1961)
Liviu Ciulei (1965)
Ferenc Kósa (1967)
Vojtěch Jasný / Glauber Rocha (1969)
Miklós Jancsó (1972)
Michel Brault / Costa-Gavras (1975)
Ettore Scola (1976)
Nagisa Ōshima (1978)
Terrence Malick (1979)
Werner Herzog (1982)
Robert Bresson / Andrei Tarkovsky (1983)
André Téchiné (1985)
Fernando Solanas (1988)
Pavel Lungin (1990)
Joel Coen (1991)
Nanni Moretti (1994)
Mathieu Kassovitz (1995)
Wong Kar-wai (1997)
Pedro Almodóvar (1999)
Edward Yang (2000)
Joel Coen / David Lynch (2001)
Paul Thomas Anderson / Im Kwon-taek (2002)
Tony Gatlif (2004)
Michael Haneke (2005)
Alejandro González Iñárritu (2006)
Nuri Bilge Ceylan (2008)
Brillante Mendoza (2009)
Mathieu Amalric (2010)
Nicolas Winding Refn (2011)
Carlos Reygadas (2012)
Amat Escalante (2013)
Bennett Miller (2014)
Hou Hsiao-hsien (2015)
Olivier Assayas / Cristian Mungiu (2016)
Paweł Pawlikowski (2018)
Dardenne brothers (2019)
Leos Carax (2021)
Park Chan-wook (2022)
Golden Globe Award for Best Director
Henry King (1943)
Leo McCarey (1944)
Billy Wilder (1945)
Frank Capra (1946)
Elia Kazan (1947)
Robert Rossen (1949)
László Benedek (1951)
Cecil B. DeMille (1952)
Fred Zinnemann (1953)
Joshua Logan (1955)
David Lean (1957)
Vincente Minnelli (1958)
William Wyler (1959)
Jack Cardiff (1960)
Stanley Kramer (1961)
George Cukor (1964)
Mike Nichols (1967)
Paul Newman (1968)
Charles Jarrott (1969)
Arthur Hiller (1970)
William Friedkin (1971)
Miloš Forman (1975)
Sidney Lumet (1976)
Herbert Ross (1977)
Michael Cimino (1978)
Robert Redford (1980)
Warren Beatty (1981)
Richard Attenborough (1982)
Barbra Streisand (1983)
Oliver Stone (1986)
Bernardo Bertolucci (1987)
Kevin Costner (1990)
Robert Zemeckis (1994)
Mel Gibson (1995)
James Cameron (1997)
Sam Mendes (1999)
Peter Jackson (2003)
Danny Boyle (2008)
Ben Affleck (2012)
Alfonso Cuarón (2013)
Alejandro G. Iñárritu (2015)
Guillermo del Toro (2017)
Jane Campion (2021)
Independent Spirit Award for Best Director
Joel Coen / Martin Scorsese (1985)
Ramon Menendez (1988)
Steven Soderbergh (1989)
Charles Burnett (1990)
Martha Coolidge (1991)
Carl Franklin (1992)
Mike Figgis (1995)
Robert Duvall (1997)
Wes Anderson (1998)
Alexander Payne (1999)
Christopher Nolan (2001)
Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris (2006)
Tom McCarthy (2008)
Lee Daniels (2009)
Darren Aronofsky (2010)
Michel Hazanavicius (2011)
Barry Jenkins (2016)
Jordan Peele (2017)
Safdie brothers (2019)
Maggie Gyllenhaal (2021)
Satellite Auteur Award
Special Achievement Award
Dale Olson (1999)
No Award (2000)
Meir Fenigstein (2001)
Peter Dinklage (2003)
Auteur Award
(2005–present)
George Clooney (2005)
Baz Luhrmann (2008)
Roger Corman (2009)
Alex Gibney (2010)
Peter Bogdanovich (2011)
Paul Williams (2012)
Martyn Burke (2014)
Robert M. Young (2015)
Tom Ford (2016)
Greta Gerwig (2017)
Ryan Coogler (2018)
Edward Norton (2019)
Emerald Fennell (2020)
Lin-Manuel Miranda (2021)
Martin McDonagh (2022)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian_Schnabel&oldid=1135642833"
20th-century American painters
21st-century American painters
20th-century American Jews
American male painters
Best Director Golden Globe winners
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director winners
Fantasy film directors
Film directors from New York City
Film directors from Texas
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy
Independent Spirit Award for Best Director winners
People from Brooklyn
People from Brownsville, Texas
Saint Joseph Academy (Brownsville, Texas) alumni
University of Houston alumni
Neo-expressionist artists
21st-century American Jews
20th-century American male artists
Articles with dead external links from December 2017
Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017
Articles with BNE identifiers
Articles with CANTICN identifiers
Articles with NDL identifiers


High energy parallel windows are made with low-scatter excimer grade UV Fused Silica and optimized for high power Nd:YAG laser systems. Each surface is coated with a high efficiency, high damage-threshold antireflection coating.
Each surface of our High Energy Parallel Windows is coated with a high efficiency, high damage threshold V-coating. Coatings are available to maximize transmission at 1064nm, 532nm, 355nm and 266nm, corresponding to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th harmonics for Nd:YAG lasers.
These high energy parallel windows are manufactured to the highest precision with flatness up to λ/10 for low distortion and < 5 arc second parallelism for exceptionally low beam deviation.
Our high energy parallel windows are made with the finest quality excimer grade UV fused silica material for extremely low bulk scatter and autofluoresence. These optics boast a high quality surface of 10-5 scratch-dig for very low surface scatter.


text:
.. Practical GIT Tutorial documentation master file, created by
   sphinx-quickstart on Fri Nov 15 15:48:46 2013.
   You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
   contain the root `toctree` directive.

======================================
Welcome to the Practical GIT Tutorial!
======================================

How to submit change to this documentation?
===========================================

Simply fork this project and submit a Pull Request:

  - https://github.com/Stibbons/practical-git-tutorial

Table of Contents:
==================

.. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2

   01-introduction/01-introduction

Indices and tables
==================

* :ref:`genindex`
* :ref:`modindex`
* :ref:`search`


January 30, 2019-According to a notice obtained by the Northwest Indiana Gazette, the Gary Community School Corporation will redo an auction for a piece of art that has a rich history. According to the notice, the wooden replica of the "Chicago Picasso" will be auctioned by Kraft Auctions on or after February 18, 2019. The Gazette reported on the sale of the piece earlier and questioned the notice provided. Officials did not reply to requests for further information but we obtained the attached Notice of Sale via email.


Juaso (Ash), Dec. 31, GNA - The Juaso Circuit Court has issued a bench warrant for the arrest of a banker over alleged stealing of cash of GH¢300,000.00 from his employers.
He has been on police inquiry bail and was supposed to have appeared before the court but failed to show up.
Oteng, an assistant teller at the Konongo branch of the Merchant Bank is said to have stolen the money between March and December, 2013.
Police Chief Inspector Joseph Obeng told the court presided over by Mr Alex Obeng Asante that the crime was uncovered during a routine audit.
A formal report was consequently made to the police leading to his arrest and the grant of police inquiry bail, which he jumped.
The court is adjourned to January 10.


See Cleveland Campus Location page for additional disclosures.
Constitution Day became a national observance in 2004, when Senator Robert Byrd lobbied a bill designating September 17 as the day for citizens to commemorate the signing of the U.S. Constitution and learn more about our founding document. Senator Byrd once said, "Our ideals of freedom, set forth and realized in our Constitution, are our greatest export to the world." He added the Constitution Day clause to his 2004 federal spending bill because he believed that all citizens should know about their rights as outlined in the Constitution. This clause mandates the teaching of the Constitution in schools that receive federal funds.
Each year Valley College celebrates Constitution Day by hosting activities in each campus. Activities include reading of the Constitution, displays and campus decorations.
*Valley College Online does not currently enroll students from California or Massachusetts.


A great initiative by Varuna the Writers' House in Katoomba – 365 writers reading from their work, one a day, for two minutes. You can download the app and hear a new writer every day or you can go to the Varuna blog and just choose the writers you'd like to hear. There's a transcript of each reading if you'd rather read it. Hope you enjoy it.
There is a link to me reading from WHEN WE HAVE WINGS in the reference at the foot of this post and also on the Links page.


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Williams Racing Teams Up With Resolve to Take On Rocket League
July 1, 2021 Neil Thompson Leave a comment
Williams Racing is delighted to announce its participation in Rocket League Championship Series Season XI, as the team continues to expand its gaming and esports remit. The team, through its Williams Esports operation, will partner up with UK esports organisation, Resolve, to take on one of the biggest and fastest-growing esports titles.
Rocket League, the critically acclaimed video game combining car racing and football, is enjoyed by over 75 million players worldwide. The title has also proved to be a streaming hit, with one million hours watched per day during the Championship series, and a peak of 264,000 live concurrent viewers on Twitch. Within the game, players can already choose to run the FW43B livery, owing to Formula One's recently released Rocket League fan pack.
Williams Racing's entry into the Rocket League Championship Series Season XI, organised by the game's publisher, Psyonix, will see opposing teams of three players battle it out over the virtual pitch. The season, running over three Splits (Fall, Winter and Spring), features regional finals in North America, Europe, Oceania and South America, with the aim of holding a Championship Series World Final if travel restrictions allow.
By partnering with Resolve, a fast emerging, UK-based esports organisation that recently won the UK League Championship and now compete in the Northern League of Legends Championship, Williams Racing will enter the Championship armed with the outfit's expert knowledge and capabilities.
Tim Hunt, Chief Marketing Officer at Williams Racing, said: "Rocket League has been a topic of discussion around the team for a while now; our people play it; their kids play it – it's huge. Regardless of whether it's on track or off it, Williams Racing has an imperative to race and compete, and this is what we'll be doing with Resolve as we enter the Rocket League Championship Series Season XI. This partnership is incredibly exciting; Resolve have made an impressive start to life as a competitive esports team and we're looking forward to being a part of that as we continue to take on the world of esports and expand our audience beyond racing".
Ilias Pajoheshfar, Resolve founder and CEO, added: "We're delighted to work with such an iconic brand. Williams Racing is a big, big name in racing and Formula One and we're huge motorsport fans. The discussions that led to this partnership revealed that we have more common ground than we could have imagined. We share a similar vision and this deal will not only see this partnership enter Rocket League but will also align our mutual values of promoting talent, health, wellbeing and performance. Obviously, this is also an important opportunity in the marketplace but, business aside, Williams Racing are winners. It's our intention to channel their expertise, fully, into our pursuit of glory in Rocket League."
Williams Racing Announces Partnership With Dorilton Ventures
WILLIAMS RACING SELECTS THE POINT.1888 TO BUILD A BEST IN CLASS BRAND LICENSING PROGRAMME
Williams Racing Announce KX as an Official Supplier
Williams Week – 10th January 2022 – The Week in Review
Williams Week – 3rd January 2022 – The Week in Review
Williams Week – 27th December 2021 – The Week in Review
tagged with 2021, Partner


Adam P. Von Romer, CCIM has been in real estate 35 years. Adam is an Author, Speaker, Seminar Leader, Real Estate Instructor, and Licensed Real Estate Broker. Mr. Von Romer has been licensed in both Pennsylvania and Florida and current holds a valid active Broker Associates License with the KoRes Corp. Mr. Von Romer has been a Real Estate Instructor, Mortgage Broker, Mortgage Brokerage Instructor, Community Association Manager, and Community Association Manager Instructor. Mr. Von Romer has the number one best-selling book on Amazon in the commercial real estate field titled "Getting Started In Commercial Real Estate" … http://amzn.to/1uGAOfe Mr. Von Romer has taught thousands of students how to make the transition from selling residential real estate to being successful in commercial investment real estate sales and leasing. Mr. Von Romer has personally closed, managed, or supervised in excess of $1.6 Billion in commercial transaction. Recently he has closed on an industrial property ($2,995,000) that had been on the market with other firms for five years. He has closed recently two Walgreens one valued at $6.8 Million and one valued at $4.85 million. Mr. Von Romer has been awarded the CCIM designation, CCIM or Certified Commercial Investment Member is a designation awarded by the Commercial Investment Real Estate Institute a division of the National Association of Realtors. The designation has been likened to the Ph. D. of commercial real estate last year CCIM's closed over $2.0 Billion in transaction.
Haven't heard of a an IRS 170 Bargain and Sale…?
It allows an individual to make charitable donation, get cash, and huge…HUGE…HUGE tax benefits!
Don't get stuck on the donation part…savvy brokers can make a fee on the donation…and if they have the relationship…on the sale from the charity!
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There's way to much to explain in an email so join me and Chuck Pettet, Senior Acquisitions Sales Associate from Welfont…the Nationals Largest provider of IRS 170 Bargain and Sale service for all the details.
Chuck will explain the process…and how you can get "certified" in the IRS 170 Bargain and Sale process for free.
I'm excited about this "additional" revenue stream for my practice and I think it's something you won't want to miss!
Were going online at 11 am EST Today…REGISTER here!
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text:
Tricentra cambogiata är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av W. Warren 1897. Tricentra cambogiata ingår i släktet Tricentra och familjen mätare. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Mätare
cambogiata


From Pooley Bridge a permitted path is taken parallel to the road and lake to reach a footpath. This leads through a caravan site where good waymarking makes it easy to find the way out onto a private road going north to the village of Dacre with good views of the Pennines on the right. A public road is reached which very quickly brings you to Dacre, passing a picnic site by a stream. The pub in Dacre is a few moments off the route which follows a track to Dalemain Hall where there are toilets and a tea room. From here there is a steady climb leading to excellent views of the Eastern Fells. After a slow descent the river Eamont is followed back to the start on a lovely path with no stiles and lots of newly planted trees.


text:
Trulieve to open medical cannabis dispensary in Dunedin
Image via AP.
Kelly HayesApril 6, 20212min
Trulieve
The location will be the company's first dispensary in Dunedin.
Trulieve Cannabis Co. is opening a new dispensary in Dunedin, marking the company's 84th store across the U.S.
The additional store also makes for 79 Florida Trulieve dispensaries, joining several other nearby locations throughout the Tampa Bay area; however, this will be Dunedin's first Trulieve medical cannabis dispensary.
To celebrate the opening of the new dispensary, patients will be eligible for a 25% in-store discount at each dispensary on opening day only. The new Dunedin store will be located at 1846 Main St., and will hold its grand opening Thursday.
Only patients and their state-approved caregivers will be allowed inside the waiting room and dispensary.
Trulieve has Florida's largest selection of THC and CBD products in a variety of delivery methods, including edibles, smokable cannabis, concentrates, tinctures, topical creams and vaporizers. It, like other dispensaries, is a vertically integrated "seed-to-sale" company. Trulieve was the first and largest fully licensed medical cannabis company in Florida.
The state's Office of Medical Marijuana Use recently announced the registry was nearing 520,000 registered medical marijuana patients with an active ID card, with Trulieve selling about half of the state's overall volume per the Florida Department of Health.
To support the state's rapidly growing patient base, there are about 2,500 registered ordering physicians in Florida.
In legislation proposed by libertarian-leaning Republican Sen. Jeff Brandes this year, these new storefronts would be able to sell cannabis to individuals 21 and older for recreational use. However, the bill, which has four committee assignments, will likely have an uphill battle against the majority Republican Legislature.
Kelly Hayes studied journalism and political science at the University of Florida. Kelly was born and raised in Tampa Bay. A recent graduate, she enjoys government and legal reporting. She has experience covering the Florida Legislature as well as local government, and is a proud Alligator alum. You can reach Kelly at [email protected]
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text:
Top 10 Best-selling Music Artists of all Time
Nov 28, 2022 by All Top Everything in People
They have each sold hundreds of millions of records and have each contributed to the world of music in their own unique ways. The music business is constantly changing. But it always produces certain best-selling music artists who are just special and manage to captivate listeners all around the world, regardless of background, gender or age. The following list shows you the top 10 best-selling solo music artists of all time. The ranking is based on certified record sales of singles and albums in markets that release these official certification numbers.
Note: This ranking only ranks the individually best-selling music artists. Check out the Top 10 best music bands right here.
The 10 Best-Selling Solo Music Artists of all Time
1. Elvis Presley
~ 1.5 billion units sold
Real name: Elvis Presley
Born: January 8, 1935 in Tupelo, Mississippi, USA
Active years: 1954 – 1977
Main genre: Rock 'n Roll
Best-selling album: Elvis' Christmas Album (1957)
Best-selling single: It's Now or Never (1960)
Elvis Presley, hailed as the 'King of Rock 'n Roll', is also the best-selling music artist of all time. Elvis Presley sold an estimated 1.5 billion records to date. Most of them after his death in 1977. It wasn't only his music that made Elvis stand out, but he also revolutionized the way musicians act on-stage and are perceived off-stage. Elvis isn't just a music legend, but also a cultural phenomenon that is revered by million of people around the world even still today.
2. Michael Jackson
Real name: Michael Jackson
Born: August 29, 1958 in Gary, Indiana, USA
Main genre: Pop
Best-selling album: Thriller (1982)
Best-selling single: Billie Jean (1983)
Alongside Elvis, Michael Jackson a.k.a. the 'King of Pop' is the only other solo artist to have sold more than a billion records worldwide. Michael Jackson first started out as one of the 'Jackson 5', but really became a world megastar as a solo artist. Much like Elvis, Michael Jackson defined an entire generation and changed the music world forever. His album 'Thriller' is still the best-selling album in history.
3. Madonna
~ 340 million units sold
Real name: Madonna Ciccone
Born: August 16, 1958 in Bay City, Michigan, USA
Active years: 1979 – present
Best-selling album: The Immaculate Collection (1990)
Best-selling single: Hung Up (2005)
If Michael Jackson is the King of Pop, then Madonna is the Queen of Pop. At the same time, Madonna Ciccone (her full name) is also the best-selling female solo music artist of all time. Madonna is also one of the few artists that manged to stay relevant and successful throughout four decades. And since her career is still very much ongoing, she may very well make it to five.
4. Elton John
Real name: Elton John
Born: March 25, 1947 in Pinner, England, UK
Best-selling album: Greatest Hits (1974)
Best-selling single: Candle in the Wind (1997)
With more than 300 million records sold, Elton John is the world's best-selling non-American music artist. The British singer and songwriter started out in the 1960s, but has stayed successful until today. His single 'Candle in the Wind' from 1997, meant as a tribute to Lady Diana who tragically died in a car accident that year, is still the fourth best-selling single in music history.
5. Rihanna
Photo credit: EJ Hersom
Real name: Robyn Fenty
Born: February 20, 1988 in Bridgetown, Saint Michael, Barbados
Nationality: Barbadian
Main genre: R&B
Best-selling album: Good Girl Gone Bad (2007)
Best-selling single: Work (2016)
Having only started her career in 2005 but already having sold more than 200 million records worldwide, Rihanna can be seen as perhaps the fastest risen music star in music history. The Barbados native is also the most successful non-American born female singer of all time. And considering Robyn Rihanna Fenty (her full name) is only in her 30s, a lot more can be expected for her career.
6. Eminem
Real name: Marshall Mathers
Born: October 17, 1972 in St. Joseph, Missouri, USA
Active years: 1996- present
Main genre: Hip Hop
Best-selling album: The Marshall Mathers LP (2000)
Best-selling single: Love The Way You Lie (2010)
7. Taylor Swift
Credit: Eva Rinaldi / CC BY-SA 2.0
Real name: Taylor Swift
Born: December 13, 1989 in West Reading, Pennsylvania, USA
Best-selling album: 1989 (2014)
Best-selling single: Blank Space (2014)
8. Whitney Houston
Real name: Whitney Houston
Born: August 9, 1963 in Newark, New Jersey, USA
Best-selling album: Whitney Houston (1985)
Best-selling single: I Will Always Love You (1992)
9. Mariah Carey
Real name: Mariah Carey
Born: March 27, 1970 in Huntington, New York, USA
Best-selling album: Music Box (1993)
Best-selling single: All I Want For Christmas Is You (1994)
10. Celine Dion
Real name: Celine Dion
Born: March 30, 1968 in Charlemagne, Quebec, Canada
Best-selling album: Falling Into You (1996)
Best-selling single: My Heart Will Go On (1997)
The 10 Best-Selling Music Artists of All Time
(at a glance)
(as of December 2019)
~ 1 billion units sold
Top 10 Best-Selling Music Artists based on number of total albums and singles (units) sold.
Tagged with: best-selling, music, music artists, singers, top 10


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Jan 15, 2021 - Asylum, Asylum Seeker, Business Permit, Citizenship, Corporate Permit, Financially Independent Visa, General, Life Partner Permit, Medical Permit, Permanent Residence, Relative Permit, Research Permit, Retirement Permit, Spousal Permit, Study Permit, Travel, Visa, Visitors Permit, Volunteer Permit, Work Permit No Comments
The encrypted messaging service Signal won't replace WhatsApp, Brian Acton, the executive chairman of the Signal Foundation and cofounder of WhatsApp, predicted.
Downloads of Signal have skyrocketed since rival WhatsApp announced it would make users share some personal data with parent company Facebook.
Brian Acton, executive chairman of the Signal foundation, saidthere was room for both apps. "I have no desire to do all the things that WhatsApp does," he told TechCrunch.
He expected people to rely on Signal to talk to family and close friends, while continuing to talk to other people via WhatsApp, he said.
Acton cofounded WhatsApp and then sold it to Facebook for $22 billion in 2014. He left the company in 2017, and cofounded the Signal Foundation, which runs Signal, in 2018.
But Signal won't replace WhatsApp, the cofounder of both WhatsApp and the Signal Foundation predicted.
The two apps have different purposes Brian Acton told TechCrunch Wednesday. Acton is the executive chairman of the Signal Foundation,which he cofounded after leaving WhatsApp in 2017. Acton cofounded WhatsApp and then sold it to Facebook for $22 billion in 2014.
"I have no desire to do all the things that WhatsApp does," Acton said,although he didn't specify which WhatsApp features he does not plan to replicate.
"My desire is to give people a choice," Acton told the publication."It's not strictly a winner take-all scenario."Acton has been an outspoken critic of Facebook: in 2018, he urged Facebook users to delete their account .
He left WhatsApp in 2017 "due to differences surrounding the use of customer data and targeted advertising."
In 2018, he cofounded the Signal Foundation with CEO Moxie Marlinspike, using $50 million of his own money. Signal, first created in 2014, has focused on privacy and has promised to never sell users' data or display in-app ads.
On January 6, WhatsApp announced it was changing its terms of service to force users to share some personal data, including phone numbers and locations, with Facebook. Users will lose access in February if they don't agree to the changes.
WhatsApp has since clarified that this only affects users outside the European Union and the UK, and said that the change "does not affect the privacy of your messages with friends or family in any way." The changes are now driving people to use Signal, Acton told TechCrunch.
"The smallest of events helped trigger the largest of outcomes," he said. Signal was installed roughly 7.5 million times on the App Store and Google Play between January 6 and January 10, app-analytics firm Sensor Tower told Insider – a 4,200% increase from the previous week.
Fellow encrypted-messaging app Telegram has also seen booming downloads following WhatsApp's data-sharing announcement. It added more than 25 million new users between Saturday and Tuesday.
"We're also excited that we are having conversations about online privacy and digital safety and people are turning to Signal as the answer to those questions," Acton told TechCrunch. And because Signal is funded by user donations rather than adverts or selling data, the small team of below 50 staff are motivated to keep improving the app, Acton said."The idea is that we want to earn that donation," he told TechCrunch. "The only way to earn that donation is building an innovative and
delightful product." Correction: Initially, this article stated that Brian Acton cofounded
Signal in 2018. In fact, he cofounded the Signal Foundation, which now helps develop Signal. The Signal app initially launched in 2014.
www.vsoftsystems.co.za
fin24 – 13 January 2021
Social media app WhatsApp has sparked an outcry among users with its proposed new terms and privacy policy. Ahmore Burger-Smidt, Director and Head of Data Privacy Practice and Dale Adams, Associate Designate at Werksmans Attorneys unpack the terms.
As some users flee to rivals Telegram and Signal, the writers explain how these services differ.
"By tapping Agree, you accept the new terms and privacy policy, which takes effect on February 8, 2021. After this date, you'll need to accept these updates to continue using WhatsApp. You can also visit the HelpCenter if you would prefer to delete your account and would like more information."
With these simple words, the Facebook-owned messaging giant, WhatsApp, sparked a public outcry concerning the recent update to its terms and privacy policy. The privacy policy update relates to how it processes the data of users, how businesses can utilise Facebook services to store their (business) chats and who partners with Facebook to offer integration across all Facebook products.
Users criticisms about the app's changed policies are rife and complaints about social media relating to personal data/information being misused are increasing. Telegram and Signal users are also increasing by the minute. What is the exact situation regarding the changes to WhatsApp and how concerned should people be?
Whatsapp security and privacy
WhatsApp is the largest messaging service in the world with over 2 billion monthly active users. Since its origins in 2009, WhatsApp has prided itself on its commitment to security and privacy with encrypted conversations and other important technologies integrated into the app. This is demonstrated by WhatsApp's latest privacy policy dated February 2021 which, amongst others, states that –
"Your messages. We do not retain your messages in the ordinary course of providing our Services to you. Instead, your messages are stored on your device and not typically stored on our servers. Once your messages are delivered, they are deleted from our servers."
In addition, the WhatsApp privacy policy states that WhatsApp and other third parties cannot read the messages of its users due to the built in end-to-end encryption (*E2E*). Also, WhatsApp cannot decrypt the contents of a user's profile contents, that being messages, calls and photos.
This means that WhatsApp does not store personal information i.e. the content of your messages as such and deletes your messages on their servers immediately.
What WhatsApp has access to is metadata, IP addresses, profile pictures, status updates and user contact information. Whilst metadata does not allow anyone to read a user's messages, it allows for transparency as to who and when a user messaged someone and for how long.
Telegram security and privacy
Telegram, an entity originally established in Russia with the aim of providing secure messaging, is the second largest messaging service in the world with over 400 million users. Even though Telegram offers encryption on messages and other information, it is not enabled by default – like that of WhatsApp. The only way to use E2E encryption on Telegram is to use its "secret chats" feature. In addition, the "secret chats" feature is only available for "chats" between two users. In theory, therefore, Telegram has access to your messages which are not covered by the veil of "secret chats" and they store this for 12 months. Based on the above high-level comparison of the security features utilised by WhatsApp and Telegram, it could be argued that WhatsApp's security and privacy is more robust and secure than that of Telegram especially in that E2E encryption is a default feature. So what personal information does Telegram have access to? In the Telegram Privacy Policy it is stated that Telegram processes, amongst others, the following set of personal information –
basic account data such as user mobile number, profile name, profile picture and about information; user email addresses; and user messages in cloud chats such as messages, photos, videos and documents.
The above information goes further than the sets of personal information that WhatsApp has access to, and processes on behalf of its users, and WhatsApp by default provides E2E encryption.
Signal security and privacy
Several experts and users are encouraging people to move to Signal. Signal is an established, US based social messaging platform and is considered the best alternative to both WhatsApp and Telegram from a security and privacy perspective. Like WhatsApp, Signal makes use of the open-source Signal Protocol to implement E2E encryption for communication on Signal. However, while WhatsApp encrypts messages and calls (which is sufficient for most users), Signal goes a step further and encrypts metadata as well.
Furthermore, Signal also makes use of what is called "Sealed Sender", which allows no one to be ble to know – not even Signal – who is messaging whom. This is but a small part of the Signal functionality. Other security features include, amongst others, passcode or biometrics lock and automatic face blur in messages. Considering personal information, Signal only stores a user's phone number and nothing else.
The changes to WhatsApp privacy
In essence, the new changes to WhatsApp terms and privacy policy relate to how WhatsApp will share information within the Facebook group of companies and how any shared information will be used. These key updates
relate to –
WhatsApp's service and how it processes your data;
how businesses can use Facebook hosted services to store and manage their WhatsApp chats; and
how WhatsApp partners with Facebook to offer integrations across Facebook's product portfolio. It is important to note that the information collected by WhatsApp is not the "chats" of its users, as these are encrypted and therefore cannot be seen by the company. To the contrary, the information relates to personal data such as phone numbers of users (and their contacts, if the contacts make use of WhatsApp), profile names, pictures and diagnostic data.
The updated privacy policy makes it clear on how WhatsApp will share data with the Facebook family of apps for better advertising targeting. The fear is that this gives Facebook even more incentive to monetise user WhatsApp data. Statements have been made by many that the update of WhatsApp privacy policy will now enforce sharing of data from WhatsApp to Facebook and even that WhatsApp will completely invade user privacy.
However, is this really the case?
WhatsApp has added new features to allow people to communicate with businesses – and those businesses could be hosted by Facebook. However, users should be informed if that happens by the specific business. When speaking to a business who has decided to have its messages managed by Facebook, a message should appear – and users should stop engaging with the specific business if they would prefer that information not be managed by Facebook. Businesses making use of the WhatsApp platform will be able to make use of Facebook services to store the business – customer chats.
Going forward, there will be an even greater integration between WhatsApp and Facebook's other products like Instagram and Messenger, but this means that they will share data like your phone number, transaction data (when available in SA) IP address and information on how you interact with businesses.
What exactly does this sharing of personal information between Facebook companies actually entail? The WhatsApp privacy policy states that this entails, amongst others, –
helping improve infrastructure and delivery systems;
understanding how the WhatsApp or Facebook services are used;
promoting safety, security and integrity across all Facebook company products;
improving services and user experience such as personalising features and contents, helping users to complete purchases and transactions and showing relevant offers and advertisements across the Facebook company products; and providing integrations which enable users to connect WhatsApp with other Facebook company products. For example, allowing users to connect to a Facebook Pay account to pay for things on WhatsApp.
So yes, advertising directed at a user specifically is possible and certain information will be shared to achieve that, but does Telegram differ in any significant way?
That is doubtful.
In less detail, the Telegram privacy policy states that Telegram may share user personal data with their parent company, Telegram Group Inc located in the British Virgin Islands and Telegram FZ-LLC, a group member located in Dubai to help provide, improve and support Telegram services. It has been reported that nearly eight years after its initial launch, Telegram needs to monetise its platform by either advertising or finding a buyer in order to ensure survival. Telegram's Pavel Durov, stated that the company will begin serving advertisements to cover some of its costs.
Today, WhatsApp supports more than 50 million WhatsApp business app users. In order to help them and the thousands of larger businesses on the WhatsApp business API get discovered, the company is introducing these new features to start a chat with a business on WhatsApp to see what goods and services they offer.
The update to the WhatsApp privacy policy is cosmetic in nature and to a large extent aimed to allow people to communicate with businesses – which businesses are offered through WhatsApp and hosted by Facebook.
Also, when messages are conversed with those business accounts, they might be stored and managed by Facebook at the election of the specific business.
Data privacy laws across the world require clear and transparent communications with data subjects. Are we blaming WhatsApp for updating their communication so that users know what is happening in the background?
Therefore leaving aside Signal, is there really such a difference between WhatsApp and Telegram, so much so to necessitate a move from WhatsApp to Telegram? Or do other messaging platforms have a place?
Cogta Minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma and Home Affairs Minister Aaron Motsoaledi updated South Africans on the new Covid-19 restrictions,
regulations and their enforcement on Tuesday.
Home Affairs Minister Aaron Motsoaledi has suspended certain critical services, including applications for new IDs, passports and all marriage services.
Motsoaledi said between March and December 2020, 532 staff members tested positive for Covid-19.
In the first eight days of January 2021, about 116 employees tested positive and in the first 10 days of this year, the department lost seven.
Home Affairs Minister Aaron Motsoaledi has temporarily suspended certain critical services, including applications for new IDs and passports.
Only matriculants may apply for an ID, while passport applications will only be accepted from those who are allowed to travel under the amended
Motsoaledi said the suspension was forced by the increasing number of Department of Home Affairs employees who have tested positive for Covid-19.
"From 1 Jan 2021, our statistics are alarming. Out of the 412 offices, 266 offices had to close at some point since the lockdown began in March
2020 because [of] staff members testing positive. Some offices even closed more than once.
"This [has] led to a situation where out of the 5 734 employees, 4 502 were affected one way or the other. Either they were infected, or they
were contacts of those who were infected or came from families where somebody was infected."
He added whenever a staff member tested positive, those who were in contact with him or her, including clients, have to be traced and the
office closed for decontamination.
"Between March and December 2020, a total of 532 staff members tested positive, mostly from Gauteng, Eastern Cape, Western Cape and
KwaZulu-Natal. In the first eight days of January 2021, we already had 116 staff members who tested positive and mostly from the same provinces.
"In the first 10 days of this year, we have already lost seven front office employees. All this is happening when the issuing of death
certificates is increasing exponentially.
"All indications are that at the end of January, we will have had even more death registrations than we had in December 2020," said Motsoaledi.
Of those who visited home affairs offices daily, 29% are people who collect smart IDs, 16% apply for smart IDs, 11% for the issuing of
birth, marriage and death certificates and 10% are there to apply for temporary IDs.
"The department has decided to temporarily suspend certain services. This is unfortunate, but we are forced by circumstances. In choosing
which services to suspend temporarily, we were guided by some form of statistics.
"The department has suspended application for smart IDs except for matriculants, application for passports, except for those permitted to
travel, [and] marriage services will be suspended until further notice," he added.
Motsoaledi pleaded with people to only collect IDs if they were specifically invited by an SMS.
•	The latest visa extension brings the total amount of leeway afforded to foreigners since the beginning of the outbreak to more than 12 months.
•	Foreigners who have been unable to leave South Africa due to lockdown measures will now have their visas automatically extended to 31 March 2021.
•	This sets aside government's "declaration of undesirability" clause which, under normal circumstances, would punish foreigners who have overstayed with expired visas.
Foreigners who have been stuck in South Africa due to the lockdown restrictions first implemented in March 2020 will benefit from yet another visa extension. Adjustments to Alert Level 3 regulations, gazetted on Monday 11 January 2021, have granted a further three-month grace period to foreigner's holding expired visas.
This extension, the third of its kind granted since international travel restrictions were initially introduced to limit imported Covid-19 infections, will keep expired visas valid until 31 March 2021. The previous extension was due to lapse at the end of January.
In addition to including visas which expired since March 2020, the extension also applies to any foreigner who has travelled to South Africa in the last ten months and is still unable to return to their country of origin before April.
This waives government's "declaration of undesirability" clause, which would usually ban foreigners, who have overstayed in South Africa with an expired visa, from re-entering the country for up to five years.
"A foreign tourist who arrived in the Republic prior to the commencement of this regulation. will have his or her visa automatically extended to 31 March 2021," states the latest government gazette.
The latest extension takes the total amount of leeway afforded to stranded foreigners to just over a year.
The reprieve does not, however, permit foreigners to deviate from their visa's terms and conditions. For example, those without a general work visa are still forbidden from entering into any employment agreement on South African soil. Contravening the visa's terms and conditions, except for the period of validity which has been consistently extended, may still result in foreigners being deemed "undesirable".
In the example of a foreigner being employed without a valid work visa, it's the employer who will face a fine or imprisonment.
Amendments to the visa regulations coincide with the closure of South Africa's land borders, following crippling congestion and fears of backlogged posts serving as the backdrop to "super spreader" events. Persons allowed to use the border for re-entry into South Africa include holders of long-term residence visas, work visas or business visas.
Further exceptions have been extended to the deportation of willing departure of foreign nationals returning to their countries of origin.
www.samigration.com
A Relative's Visa may be issued by the Department to a foreigner who is a member of the immediate family of a citizen or a resident, providing that such citizen or resident provides the prescribed financial assurances.
This only applies to first level of kinship i.e: Brother, Sister, Mother, Father.
The period of validity of the Visa shall be determined by the financial assurance provided, but will not exceed a period of 24 months at a time. A relative Visa issued to a spouse shall lapse upon the dissolution of the spousal relationship and the Department may at any time satisfy itself that a good faith spousal relationship exists and or continues to exist.
Let SA Migration Intl handle your entire case from filling out the documentation to processing the application.
South African Retirement Visa
A retirement visa can be granted for 4 years to someone with a monthly pension, irrevocable annuity or retirement account of R37 000 from a net worth/combination of assets realizing R37 000 per month and wishes to retire temporarily or permanently in South Africa.
A South African Retired Person's permit is ideal for people wishing to retire in South Africa temporarily or permanently subject to the financial criteria or parameters being satisfied. This South African visa category is designed for those intending to retire in the country or wishing to have a long stay in South Africa with the need to renew the visa or permit. This retirement visa is not based on age but rather on assets, rental income and / or bank accounts generating income. It is based upon foreigner providing proof that such foreigner has the right to a pension or an annuity or retirement account which will give such foreigner a prescribed minimum payment for the rest of his or her life from the country of his or her origin; or a minimum prescribed net worth generating income for life.
This South African immigration visa is a popular option for seasonal visitors, i.e. those visiting the country for a period of six months or more. An important point to observe is that successful applicants are under no obligation to apply for permanent residence.
The temporary grant may be renewed indefinitely so long as the requirements continue to be met. However, permanent residency does bestow additional benefits upon its holder. In South Africa, immigration through the retired person's route can be either a temporary visa permit or a permanent residence visa as outlined in the eligibility criteria summarized below.
•	The temporary route is granted for four years and is renewable indefinitely for four-year periods.
•	The permanent route offers permanent residents the same rights and privileges as those with South African citizenship, with a few key exceptions, most notably the right to vote.
In both the temporary and permanent residence category the, South African Retired Persons Visa is based upon financial criteria and unlike a South African Work Visa, no prior job offer needs to be in place before an application can be made. Although unlike temporary South African visit visas, retired people can permitted to work if they wish, provided they apply under the correct visa category – Retirement plus Work Visa We wish to stress that the category "retired person", does not confer a maximum or minimum age limit for this class of visa for South Africa. Retired person's visas may be awarded to people of all ages, provided that the eligibility requirements below are met.
•	A pension, retirement account or irrevocable annuity which has a value of at least R37, 000 per month. This requirement applies to each person making an application.
•	Alternatively, candidates may obtain a South African visa of this kind by demonstrating a "net worth" through a combination of assets which equates to a minimum of R37, 000 per month. Once again, this criterion applies to each person making an application.
The nature of this type of immigration to South Africa is such that no specific stipulations are in place regarding a candidate's ability to work in South Africa. In most cases, it may be assumed that people embarking upon this route, based as it is upon a steady income from a source other than employment will not be entering the country to work. However, each case will be considered individually and candidates may be able to work during their time in the country.
Applicants wishing to work will need to submit an employment contract and is not required to demonstrate that a South African citizen or resident is available for the position. The idea here is that applicants under this category can supplement their income and that the rules have been relaxed significantly from the stringent work visa requirements.
Accompanying Dependents
Spouse immigration and dependent immigration are now provided through temporary South African Retired person's visas. This route to South Africa is based upon the financial security of each applicant and unlike work permit visas or business visas, the dependent family members of retired applicants automatically qualify for visit visa status to accompany the principle applicant and does not have to meet the same criteria for temporary residence but for the purposes of permanent residence they are treated as one family unit.
However, in cases where an applicant successfully obtains permanent residence as a retired person, their spouse and/or dependent children, i.e. those aged under 21 will also qualify for permanent residency.
Financially Independent
An alternative route exists in the financially independent visa for which candidates would need to be able to demonstrate a net asset value totalling not less than R12 million.
In addition, it would also be necessary to demonstrate proof of payment of R120,000 as a non-refundable sum to the Director General of Home Affairs. The application for a financially independent visa will lead to permanent residence.
•	A retired persons visa may be issued for a period exceeding three months to a foreigner who intends to retire in the Republic, provided that the foreigner provide proof that such foreigner has the right to a pension or an annuity or retirement account which will give such foreigner a prescribed minimum payment for the rest of his or her life from the country of his or her origin; or a minimum prescribed net worth.
•	The Department may authorise the holder of a retired person permit to conduct work under terms and conditions as the Department may deem fit to determine under the circumstances.
•	A retired person visa may allow its holder to sojourn in the Republic on a seasonal or continuous basis; and not exceed a four-year period, at the expiry of which it may be renewed one or more times.
South Africa Citizenship Options
•	South African Citizen by Descent
•	South African Citizen by Naturalisation:
•	Automatic loss of Citizenship
•	Resumption of South African citizenship
•	Deprivation of Citizenship
•	Acquisition of the citizenship or nationality of another country
South African Citizen by Descent:
Anybody who was born outside of South Africa to a South African citizen. His or her birth has to be registered in line with the births and deaths registration act 51 of 1992.
South African Citizen by Naturalisation:
Permanent Resident holders of 5 or more years can apply for citizenship. Anybody married to a South African citizen qualifies for naturalisation, two years after receiving his or her permanent residence at the time of marriage.
A child under 21 who has permanent residence Visa qualifies for naturalization immediately after the Visa is issued.
Automatic loss of Citizenship.
This occurs when a South African citizen:
Obtains citizenship of another country by a voluntary and formal act, other than marriage, or;
Serves in the armed forces of another country, where he or she is also a citizen, while is at war with South Africa.
Deprivation of Citizenship:
A South African citizen by naturalization can be deprived of his citizenship if;
The certificate of naturalisation was obtained fraudulently or false information was supplied.
He or she holds the citizenship of another country and has, at any time, been sentenced to 12 months imprisonment in any country for an offence that also would have been an offence in South Africa.
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Home Tennessee Knox County Knoxville Katherine Ann Young
Katherine Ann Young
Young Law Office, P.C.
Employment Law, Probate, Gov & Administrative Law
California, Tennessee
Katherine A. Young has been a resident of East Tennessee for over twenty years. She previously taught at the University of Tennessee as an Assistant Professor for five years and additionally for four years as a Lecturer. She also has been a Human Services Hearing Office and a Human Rights Investigator for the State of New Mexico. She is licensed to practice law in Tennessee and California (inactive). She is admitted to the U.S. Supreme Court, the U.S. Tax Court, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, the Middle District of Tennessee, and the Southern District of California. She is also admitted to all Tennessee and California state courts.
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Assistant Professor 1994-1999, College of Human Ecology, Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Management. Taught Hospitality Law and related courses for graduate and undergraduate programs at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Lecturer from August, 1999 through May, 2005 for the same program.
Fellow, Center for Applied and Professional Ethics
University of Tennessee at Knoxville
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State of New Mexico Department of Human Services
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State of New Mexico Department of Labor
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California Western School of Law
J.D. (1994)
St. Catherine University
B.A. (1980) | Journalism/History
Received degrees in Journalism (through University of St. Thomas) and History.
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