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Home / California Magazine / Spring 2017 Virtue and Vice
The Peace Corps: What Could Be More Berkeley?
By Tom Kertscher
In 1961, the space race between the Soviet Union and the United States was heating up, relations between Cuba and the U.S. were cold, and soon after John F. Kennedy's inauguration as America's youngest president, he asked Congress to fund a new Peace Corps. The Peace Corps had its inception in a campaign speech Kennedy gave on the Michigan campus in October 1960, when he challenged students to consider spending at least part of their lives helping the poor overseas.
The words of both President John F. Kennedy and Sargent Shriver, Kennedy's choice to launch the Peace Corps in 1961, made a lasting impact on the University of California, Berkeley.
Shriver said this in his address at Berkeley on March 31, 1965:
Once in every generation, fundamentals are challenged and the entire fabric of our life is taken apart, seam by seam, and reconstructed. The 1930s, under the spur of economic disaster, was such a time, and our economic and political and social life was never again the same. Such a time is now at hand again, and it is clear, that many of you are unreasonable men, restless, questioning, challenging, taking nothing for granted. And I agree with you. But protest and demonstration are not enough. President Kennedy once said that "one way to stand 'up' for your rights is to sit down …." But that's only one way—and the next step is service.
The response from the school has been more than 3,600 Peace Corps volunteers, outpacing every other college in the nation by a significant margin. And Kennedy's call to service continues to resonate.
As the nation prepares to mark the centennial of Kennedy's birth on May 29, 2017, it's timely to ask: Why, and how, did Berkeley become, and continue to be, a mainstay of Kennedy's Peace Corps?
The answer has to do with where America was as a country when Kennedy first lit the flame, in something of an impromptu, post-midnight speech at the University of Michigan.
At large public schools such as Michigan and Berkeley, "there was a lot of self-confidence in the leadership and the professorship at the time, that they had a really important role to play in America," said Elizabeth Cobbs, author of All You Need is Love: The Peace Corps and the Spirit of the 1960s, the first historical book on the agency. "This was the place where innovation was going to happen and all these bright, exciting people were going to do great things."
Berkeley's makeup made it a perfect place for the Peace Corps to establish itself in the turbulent 1960s. But the agency's enduring popularity also has to do with the timeless appeal of the Peace Corps' mission: Providing an opportunity for idealistic but determined new college graduates to make a difference in a less prosperous part of the world.
"Berkeley tends to draw in the type of people that are interested in the global mindset, interested in the various ways in which we can help other people and learn from other people," said Sarah Edwards '13, a Peace Corps volunteer to Cameroon who is now a program officer at The Forgotten International, which aims to eliminate extreme poverty, especially for women and children. "But Berkeley also prepares us to be successful in that type of work."
"The Peace Corps has always had three goals—mobilizing the skills, knowledge, and enthusiasm of mostly young Americans to join local communities in addressing their problems, teaching the world about America, and teaching America about the world," said George Scharffenberger, program director of Berkeley's Masters in Development Practice and formerly the school's special assistant for International Development Policy and Practice.
"The open secret is that the assumed unidirectionality of 'us helping them' of those early days was never true. Arguably, the volunteers have always brought back more than they left behind. But in a globalized world facing climate change, pandemics, and highly interlocked economies, that's more than OK, since there are few challenges that are 'theirs' that aren't in some way also ours—and vice versa.
"I'm not clear how much of all that can be attributed directly to JFK, but I am certain that the vision he inspired is still very much alive in the Peace Corps and that it resonates with today's Cal students—as does its association with a leader whose stature stands in sharp contrast to what students see on the national stage today."
The initial appeal of the Peace Corps and Kennedy's challenge of service to students doubtless owed something to the man's personal appeal. But equally enticing were his view of the United States' place in the world and the actual power of major public universities at that time.
"I think it was successful because it was one of those events that was in the air," said Cobbs, a historian at Texas A&M University and a research fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. "A really good leader doesn't just invent something out of whole cloth, but rather somehow channels the popular spirit and will and then takes it to a new level."
The Peace Corps, Cobbs observed in her book, "reassured a broad cross-section of Americans during a turbulent period that there was at least one aspect of their nation's policy that was indisputably good."
Kennedy was aware that there was a feeling in America that the West had been exploitive and needed to make amends and new connections abroad, Cobbs said.
"People in the '60s wanted to be different," she explained. "They didn't want to just not be their parents. They wanted to find a way to be better Americans. And I think the Peace Corps was just absolutely about that."
At the same time, with the G.I. Bill boosting enrollments and more money flowing into public education, schools such as Michigan, Berkeley, Ohio State, Wisconsin and others were coming into their own. "I think it was a period where there was a lot of faith and belief in these newly expanded, big public institutions," Cobbs said.
So, it made sense that the Peace Corps would thrive in places where students were the most idealistic. Berkeley, Cobbs said, "was the place where innovation was going to happen and all these bright, exciting people were going to do great things."
Esprit de Peace Corps
Among the first Berkeley alumni drawn to the Peace Corps were Levi Strauss chairman emeritus Robert Haas '64, who went to the Ivory Coast from 1964 to 1966, and former California Congressman John Garamendi '66, who served in Ethiopia from 1966 to 1968.
The Peace Corps would, of course, suffer growing pains.
The initial idealism gave way to self-doubt during the Vietnam War in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Some worried the Peace Corps was just "window dressing on imperialism," Cobbs said.
And there have been tragedies. In 2013, Nick Castle '12 died from a gastrointestinal illness seven months after arriving in China. (An outside American expert hired by the corps to investigate concluded that despite medical missteps by a Peace Corps doctor who missed signs of serious illness, Castle's death could not have been prevented.)
"Americans across the political spectrum in every state are willing to sign on to the spirit of the Peace Corps," Cobbs said. "I think that's because it represents America's best hopes of itself, its most hopeful self-image."
But through the years, the agency, which Cobbs called Kennedy's only living legacy, has continued to enjoy bipartisan support, she said, an important factor in its longevity.
The agency's funding was $437 million in 2016, up $20 million from the previous year. How it will fare under President Donald Trump isn't known, but the National Peace Corps Association (a nonprofit alumni association for Peace Corps volunteers), two days after his election, began a letter-writing campaign to tell Trump to support a "bigger, better Peace Corps."
Whether it's teaching English, providing health care, or building infrastructure, the Peace Corps makes tangible impacts. But individuals mixing with individuals is really what makes the agency special, Cobbs said.
"It's this human connection the Peace Corps makes again and again, and that people remember, that is perhaps its biggest success," she said. "It doesn't sound like much, but it's everything."
Stories of two Cal alumni
More than 220,000 Americans have served in two-year Peace Corps assignments (plus three months of training). Currently, assignments are in more than 60 countries throughout the world, including in Africa, Central America, South America, North Africa and the Middle East, and the Pacific Islands. The work typically involves agriculture, education, and other types of community development. Volunteers receive a stipend that enables them to live in a manner similar to the local people in their community.
Zachary Burt '01, Ph.D. '15, is a postdoctoral scholar at Berkeley's Blum Center for Developing Economies, an interdisciplinary hub for students, researchers, and scholars focusing on global poverty and inequality. His research focuses on household water access, treatment, and use. He credits his Peace Corps time in Morocco from 2004 to 2006 as a major influence on his career direction and for making him better at what he does.
"I gave them an outsider's perspective on their own problems and that furthered some of their own internal discussions in a way that I hope was at least somewhat constructive," said Burt, mindful to characterize his role as collaborative.
The work provided clear benefits: HIV education in high schools and building latrines, including raising money online for the equipment and materials. But Burt saw greater value in the cultural exchange, a term he admits "sounds fluffy."
"Peace Corps is, in my opinion, unmatched all over the world. Peace Corps really does train green, young, just-fresh-out-of-college Americans to live in completely different, oftentimes poverty-stricken, environments and survive and integrate themselves and learn the local language and adjust to this hugely different lifestyle and perspective on the world," he said.
"It was important for people not to see it as my project but as the community's project."
Burt said one of his lasting memories is working with two community groups that struggled to agree on irrigation techniques. "It really stuck with me that on a lot of these vital issues that are really hindering the progress of communities, it's not always about just money or a lack of technical knowledge. A lot of times it's about internal social dynamics that people need to resolve within their own communities," he said.
Edwards also helped make tangible differences during her time in Cameroon from 2013 to 2015. She helped to stabilize a source of running water and helped farmers improve the local food supply. But the relationships made more of an impact on her and, arguably, the community she left behind.
"One of the most important things that Peace Corps volunteers can do is work with the community so that they can feel like they are doing the work," she said. "It was important for people not to see it as my project but as the community's project."
There's little doubt Edwards immersed herself in the community.
Valentine, her designated work partner in Cameroon, and his fiancée asked her to be the witness for their wedding. She'd only known the couple for a year.
Cobbs says that on the day after Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, more people signed up to join the Peace Corps than on any other day. But there has been a recent surge, too. In 2015, the agency received a 40-year high in applications. That was a year after the Peace Corps made a major change, allowing applicants to choose the countries and assignments they'd like to be considered for, rather than the corps deciding where to assign them.
As for how relevant Kennedy still is to the Peace Corps, it's hard to trace a lasting impact. But he clearly still has his place.
Kennedy is still important "because of the hopes that he raised," Cobbs said. "Good leaders always speak to the ideals of their societies. They motivate people to be their better selves. That's always worthwhile for people to hear that message."
Edwards also feels a connection.
"In my mind, he is the president who represented so much potential. And I think that' s what the Peace Corps represents as well," she said. "I am proud to say that I'm part of a program that was created by Kennedy."
Tom Kertscher is a PolitiFact Wisconsin reporter for the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel and the author of books on two Wisconsin sports figures: Al McGuire and Brett Favre. Follow him on Twitter: @KertscherNews and @KertscherSports.
From the Spring 2017 Virtue and Vice issue of California.
Related topics: University of California
Sather Gate
Virtue and Vice
Tom Kertscher
Sargent Shriver
Elizabeth Cobbs
All You need Is Love: The Peace Corps and the Spirit of the 1960s
Sarah Edwards
The Forgotten International
GEorge Sharffengerger
Masters in Development Practice
International Development Policy and Practice
John Garamendi
Robert Haas
Ivory Cost
Nick Castle
National Peace Corps Association
Zachary Burt
Blum Center for Developing Economics
Image source: courtesy of Sarah Edwards
Luke Filose replied on March 28, 2017 - 12:13pm Permalink
When I joined Peace Corps in 2004, I lamented that Cal had already started to slip on an annual basis in terms of volunteers serving compared to other universities. A couple weeks ago I saw we weren't even on the list anymore! Also - I served in Mauritania (west Africa) with two other Cal grads - one in my town, the other in my region. We even posed with some camels in our Cal gear - https://www.pinterest.com/pin/185421709639214882/ - life couldn't have been more different (and interesting) in Mauritania, but it was great to have the Berkeley connection nearby.
Pat Joseph replied on April 3, 2017 - 4:02pm Permalink
Thanks for the note Luke. Great picture. You may be interested to know that we ran a travel story on Mauritania in our Fall 2009 issue. https://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/fall-2009-constant-chang...
Sue Castle replied on May 25, 2017 - 12:01am Permalink
As Nick Castle's mom I would like to point at that Nick's death could have been easily prevented. We were told by the Peace Corps that Nick's death was tragic but that they did everything they could. That was not true. An Inspector General report released in November of 2014 points out the failures and delays in medical treatment for my son. http://files.peacecorps.gov/multimedia/pdf/policies/PCIG_Investigative_R.... The Peace Corps did not take care of my son. They let him down. They lied to my family. Yet we advocate on behalf of Peace Corps because Nick loved the Peace Corps and we don't want what happened to him happen to another volunteer of family. Currently we are working on legislation in the House and hope to have legislation introduced in the Senate Feel free to contact me.


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David Wright Suffers Another Setback
By Connor Byrne | May 20, 2017 at 10:05pm CDT
Mets third baseman David Wright made progress last month in his recovery from a shoulder impingement, but the latest update on the seven-time All-Star isn't nearly as promising. The Mets have halted Wright's throwing program, assistant general manager John Ricco said earlier this week (via Abbey Mastracco of NJ.com; h/t: MetsBlog). It's unclear when Wright will resume throwing, but Mastracco notes that it's unlikely to happen in the near future. For now, he'll continue working with the Mets' physical therapists.
This is the second time since February that the Mets have had to shut down Wright from throwing, and it's yet another setback for a player who has barely seen the field over the past two-plus seasons. After combining to make just 75 appearances from 2015-16, a stretch in which back and neck issues sidelined him, Wright could once again be on track to miss the majority of a campaign. Notably, if the 34-year-old doesn't return before the 60-game mark, the Mets will recoup 75 percent of his contract for as long as he's out, per Mastracco. New York purchased an insurance policy on Wright back in 2015, thereby enabling the club to recoup a large portion of the money it owed him over his past couple injury-truncated seasons. Wright is on a $20MM salary this year and is due another $47MM over the next three seasons.
The lengthy absences of Wright and a slew of other injured Mets, including Noah Syndergaard, Yoenis Cespedes, Jeurys Familia, Steven Matz and Travis d'Arnaud, have contributed heavily to their 18-23 start. Unlike the previous two years, when the Mets earned postseason berths and several players filled in admirably for Wright, the team has gotten little from third base this season. The four-man contingent of T.J. Rivera, Wilmer Flores, Jose Reyes and Matt Reynolds entered Saturday with an unappealing .230/.292/.364 line in 345 plate appearances.
David Wright New York Mets
Minor MLB Transactions: 5/20/17
Baseball Blogs Weigh In: Jays, Bucs, Cubs, Brewers, Yanks, Royals, Rays
RiverCatsFilms
Real title:
Another setback for the should-be but isn't retired David Wright
His Topps Series 2 card should be him in a full-body cast. His career is injury killed and done. Great career good luck :)
kimball0401
Just retire with your dignity please
padresfan
Why? If he retires he will forfeit the rest of his contract.
If this is it might as well cash in like prince fielder
davidcoonce74
"Cash in?" Both these guys got hurt doing their job.
realgone2
Sorry. It sucks, but he needs to retire.
AlexOrioles0210
He's done…should've retired after 14′
metseventually
After playing 134 games at age 31 he should've retired?
Thank god his contract is insured (Mets reclaim 75% of salary if he spends > 60 days on the DL), otherwise it would be the worst contract in the game hands down.
On another note, I hate to say this, but DW is the only person who has yet to realize he is finished. I admire his drive and work ethic, I hope the team offers him a role in the organization.
Don't the Rangers still have to pay Fielder though? Seems like that would be the worst
Fielder's contract is mostly insured. Rangers pay a small portion of it and I believe Detroit pays a bit of it as well.
GeauxRangers
Yeah Detroit pays a decent amount and insurance pays like 50% I think. Rangers still on the hook for about $8ish million a year I think
jtworsley
Please, this isn't even the worst contract on the Mets. Bobby Bonilla is still getting paid.
thegreatcerealfamine
Just like bobby
Max's contract with the nats is way worst
Yes, but the Mets are paying 20 million for no playing time, at least Bonilla played for the money he is getting, big difference.
The contact is insured. They'll be paying about 25% of it, if I remember correctly.
mikeyank55
That's the best part of supporting such a storied franchise. There are so many loser stories.
Bonilla is only getting 1 mil a year and deferring his contact saved the Mets a ton of money. Please learn how financial analysis works before you attempt it.
yoyo137
Josh Hamilton's contract with the Angels was pretty terrible. Jason Heyward's is looking pretty bad right now, Pablo Sandoval's is horrible, etc. Wright had some good years for them let's not go there yet.
ReverieDays
Heyward had a bad season in year 1, and the Cubs still won the World Series. And he was playing well before getting hurt in year 2. A bit early to say its anywhere near one of the worst.
Fowler in CF makes for a nice beard for Heyward. Not working as well this year as Happ needs a roster spot.
He said it's looking pretty bad Right Now. Clearly, Right Now, I don't think anyone except perhaps Cubs fans, will disagree that Heyward has one of the worst contracts in baseball. World Series win or not isn't relevant. They didn't win because of Heyward. And please do not give me the nonsense about the speech during the rain delay. They did not win because of that.
stratcrowder
Hey ward? It was NEVER a good contract.
And about that tool that posted a steroids comment regarding Wright, as well as the guys that supported the comment….I know them all. They are heroin addicts. Free speech.
They didn't win just because of Heyward no. But he was a huge part of them winning. And yes, actually winning the World Series in year one, has already paid for the contract. He can still opt out after years 3 and 4, so not like it's the full 7 anyways.
Mattimeo09
Do you honestly think Heyward will opt out of his contract if he's still playing poorly?
Unless Heyward rebounds in a major way Chicago is stuck paying that huge contract
Is that you, Mr. Wilpon? Has to be…. because fans know that money isn't going back on the field.
Is he finished though? It's just his throwing arm that's destroyed, that's not necessarily connected to his hitting action.
bastros88
come on mate just retire, and if he does somehow manage to come back, he'll just end up on the DL again
Padres also put Jered Weaver on the 10-day DL tonight with a fake injury. Dennis Lin oon Twitter broke the news.
Abusing the goofy new DL, like everyone else.
I don't know how it's abusing the system. Nobody really benefits from it that much except teams with depth. I'm assuming Weaver never goes off the DL and this is the Padres way of saving him some face rather than just releasing him.
sportsfan
I think David Wright should retire. Hr should think about his long term health and walk away from the game. Lucky for him he will still get paid even if he retire today. And I am sure he might be able to get a job with the Mets maybe a hitting coach of a manger of A or AA team should he chose to.
BobbyVwannabe
Mets fans are grateful for you, David. Keep trying if you must.
bqbombers
Thank you. Anybody that's listened to DW over the years knows this is just devastating for him. Pathetic that he's defamed. I get he has huge $$ incentive as well, but if ppl don't see his passion for the game all these years, they aren't fans of the game.
munlou
I just don't understand how some idiot thinks that's Wright took steroids without one piece of proof
Basically anyone who accuses any player of steroid or PED use has zero proof. But, hey, it makes for a fun narrative for some.
He never popped but Ortiz did
andremets
You want proof. It's simple. Anyone that hits more homers at 22 than at 28 during steroid era did steroids. You are being naive if you believe otherwise.
So that's proof? That makes literally zero sense. Proof is actual documented evidence of use, not random fluctuations in performance.
lmao I hope that's a joke
Also, andremets, like many, many Mets fans, are entirely clueless about baseball – they would not say this if they knew that some players have always had a big power tool but for whatever reason (usually due to incompetent hitting coaches) can take a long time to unlock it at the MLB level. Anyone can unlock power at a later age, only an imbecile would argue otherwise..
They did it with Bagwell and Piazza, so idiots are gunna idiot. Don't blame them though, blame ESPN's disgusting preoccupation with steroids where they hire idiots to keep accusing players of being on them.
start_wearing_purple
This headline seems familiar.
Adios pelota!
Man I feel bad for the guy! He just can't stay healthy. Hopefully we get to see one last round of him. He was the man for the Mets!
Class act. Wish him the best.
Just another example why big contacts seldom work out
MattNY
To be fair to half that 4 man contingent currently manning third base, the production from Flores and Rivera isn't bad. The problem is when you mix in Reyes to almost any equation, it's going to negatively weight the results.
Snake65
He's not retiring. None of us would walk away from 47 million dollars over the next 2 years. The Mets would get 75% back because his contract is insured. So don't retire. What I do want to see is the The Mets stop being cheap and look for a long term solution at 3rd. They do this trying to sell us on he's going back. Sadly he's not
Yes they do, how about Cuddyer!
Cuddyer and the Mets reached an agreement about his retirement – he was given about 75% of his final season's salary in exchange for retiring. I think Adam LaRoche was also given part of his remaining contract when he walked away from the game last year. Gil Meche is the example of a guy who retired and walked away from a substantial amount of money.
CTbronx7
Courage and grace are one thing, delusion is another. Time for the Mets to move and commit to Flores or Rivera as the regular 3rd baseman — not a fill in.
MathTeacher
Agreed. Thanks for all the memories David. The Mets may be stuck with the contract but they have to be realistic and plan for a new regular at 3rd
jakec77
it's not about being cheap, as long as Wright is lingering around Mets can't devote significant resources to a player who might be redundant- not to mention, which free agent wants to sign to play 3b for the Mets, knowing that Wright is still diligently rehabbing and trying to get back.
I agree it's absurd to ask him to walk away from the money, but I believe it can be worked out by the Mets, Wright, and the insurance company.
Jakec77 agreed. Sad situation all around. He wants to play. Mets would love their cptn back but reality is they also want to clear the contract if he's not coming back. Situation sucks all around. We can all survive as fans without making anyone the bad guys. Novel concept!
They don't need to sign a free agent. Flores can start. Cabrera or Rosario might be able to move to 3rd. Find an in house cheap replacement and find free agents to fill other voids
ck420
they should have never given him that contract, nobody is worth 200 mil
Trout looks pretty good at any price
If you don't think anyone is worth $200M you are about to be stunned at how much Harper is going to get He might touch $500M for real..
And yes, no pro athlete deserves even one million dollars a year, when other people work much much harder for $30K, but we allowed MLB to get this big in the first place, so its only fair to let the players get paid like 1/100th as much as the owners do.
Most of us don't have people paying to watch us do our jobs. Like it or not, baseball (and the other major sports) generate massive amounts of money. Baseball players get a higher% of that income than the other sports, because the NBA and NFL unions are weak. But it's still just about half. The owners and commissioner make a lot more money than most of the players do.
Flipjunior89
Just call it a career already… you got your money…. no point in keep going smh
virag828
Tony Romo of baseball
See, this is what happens when your dumbass league doesn't use the DH, we all lose out on watching an elite hitter do his job, which is also one of the hardest things to do in pro sports, hitting a round ball with a round bat. Give up the dream of him ever being a defender and Paul Molitor him in the AL from now til he's 40.
I hope he gets that chance. Nobody deserves it more. I just don't see how a trade is possible. I doubt the Mets would agree to pay much on that contract or any AL team would take the chance he recovers
You have to feel bad for Wright, who's always been a hard worker. And probably knows he's not likely to get back on the field soon, and if he does, he's going to be limited. And probably also knows that the Wilpons would be very happy if he stays out.
Most teams that are really trying to win will have a bad contract, it comes with the teritory. Show me a contender that doesn't have one, or didn't keep a good player.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home » Tech » What's the difference between an iPhone and a Smartphone?
What's the difference between an iPhone and a Smartphone?
23 July 2020 Walter B. 0 Tech,
Today so many brand names are used to describe the type of product they are, that it can get quite confusing at times to understand the differences between them. People who wonder what the difference is between an iPhone and a smartphone are indeed confusing the two, since the iPhone is part of the smartphone product line. Let's look more closely at smartphones and what separates the iPhone from other ones.
Confusing Product Names and Product Categories
Some people often ask: is there a difference between an iPhone and a smartphone? Or sometimes: what's the difference between a mobile phone and an iPhone? That's because they confuse the iPhone, which is a brand's name, to the product line it is a part of. In fact, an iPhone is a mobile phone and a smartphone too. The modern language, with so many brands becoming product names, has made it difficult to sometimes differentiate between product names and product categories.
In this particular case, the iPhone is a mobile phone and a smartphone created by the brand Apple. It possesses its own specificities versus other mobile phones. Because it provides access to the internet and you can use mobile applications on them, it is also part of the category we call smartphones.
What is a Smartphone?
A smartphone is a mobile phone that can go online. It has also other computing capabilities and can be used for multi-purposes. It can access and utilize most software, and it possesses a multimedia functionality which lets you listen to music, watch videos and record them too, and it can also take pictures. Of course, you can use them to make phone calls and send text messages. Although they used to be quite the sensation ten years ago, today, the large majority of mobile phones are smartphones.
What is an iPhone?
If you asked: What is the difference between an iPhone and an Android? Then, this would not be a mistake. Indeed, the iPhone is not an Android phone. Today, most mobile phone from major brands function under the Android system. However, the iPhone has its own operations system, which is called the iOS.
The first iPhone was launched on the market in 2007 by Apple. They might not have known it at the time, but it would be the first one of a long line of iPhones, which would become the most popular and used smartphone in the world. The company usually launches a new version every year, which it declines in various formats which are the S, Plus and C models. They are recognizable by the Apple logo on the back but also by their very sleek, metal look and by how thin they are.
All of them possess a touchscreen and a camera, which is usually top of the line at the time the version comes out. Like all smartphones, they can connect to the internet through a 3G or 4G connection and they'll enable the 5G as soon as it comes out, probably in the months to come.
Apple (the brand)
This company, built by Steve Jobs in California, USA, in 1976, has always been one of the leaders of the industry in terms of computers and mobile phones. It is recognized for its capacity to innovate. While most of their competitors follow the same route (Windows for PCs and Android for phones), Apple has developed its own lines (Mac and iPhone) with its own Operating systems in both cases. They also created quite a stir with the popularity of their iPods, which pre-dated the iPhones. They basically replaced Walkman and CD Players by inserting an incredible number of songs in a tiny device, thanks to digitalization.
But maybe its biggest success was the creation and the launch of the iPhone. When it came out, it looked like no other existing mobile phone, and today, almost all smartphones are created in the same design they invented. The iPhone is the leader of mobile phones and smartphones by afar. Its closest competitors are Samsung and Huawei.
Last year, Apple launched a VOD platform to compete against Netflix, Amazon and Disney (the biggest names in the industry). It will be interesting to see if they can become as important a player in this industry as in the other ones they are a part of. There were rumours more than a year ago that Apple wanted to buy Netflix. This could still be a possibility which would propel them right at the front of the class.
Is Your Vision Clearer about iPhones and Smartphones?
Hopefully, this article was able to clarify why there is no difference between an iPhone and a smartphone, since the first is only a brand name which is also part of the product line (smartphone). To compare the iPhone, you would need to position it besides other brands of mobile phones such as Samsung and Huawei. But if there is one thing you should know, it's that no other brands in the world sell more smartphone than Apple with their iPhone.
Tags: iPhone, Smartphone
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MPLS stands for "Multi Protocol Label Switching". Specifically, this is a mechanism for routing traffic within a telecommunications network, where the data travels from one network to the next. MPLS provides flexible and cost effective connectivity between sites, data centres and cloud services. Thus, providing a Wide Area Network for your business.
Why choose MPLS for your business?
MPLS circuits link multiple sites together and are closed in nature, creating an environment similar to a local network. However, to access the internet and not just other MPLS locations, there is a specific internet breakout. This breakout is handled by a firewall and placed within the MPLS provider's core network at their data centre. This prevents potential bandwidth issues which can be caused by one site managing every MPLS location's data through a limited connection, and prevents high latency produced by large geographic distances between sites.
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We have a proven track record in a range of varied deployments from large financial institutions and Formula One to Healthcare and international retail giants, whether they are simple two-site solutions or multi-national rollouts. Voip Unlimited are one of the rare suppliers that offer international tails on our MPLS circuits. Linking up different office sites around the world not just within the UK. For many of our clients, this means they can connect all their offices and shops across countries allowing a till & stock system to run on a central server so all the information on their ERP is accurate.
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Managed network Fully configured routers are used for circuit termination and are provided free of charge within contract.
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Project management Highly proficient project management from the in-house service delivery team.
Saco have been a customer of Voip Unlimited for around 5 years. Voip Unlimited have provided business internet connections connecting our various sites on an MPLS network. This has allowed for cost savings within our network as well as reduced maintenance as all traffic is routed via a central firewall hosted in a data centre. This has allowed us to invest more into this single device and means we only have one point to manage and monitor.
Need something a little cheaper? Look at our Ethernet Solutions here.
Want to see what voice solutions you can use on your MPLS solution? Take a look at our Voice solutions for businesses here.


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Refuel
Resellers/Installers Only
Innovations for the Natural Gas Economy
Cheaper, Cleaner, Safer - and Made in the USA!
Why Compress Natural Gas (CNG)?
Simply because natural gas is a clean-burning, more economical domestic vehicle fuel source that can be easily adapted to power today's internal combustion automobile engines.
Advanced technology makes vehicle conversions and home, fleet and public transport vehicle refueling simple, safe and affordable. Zebulon is dedicated to bringing the benefits of America's plentiful domestic fuel source to individuals and businesses throughout the USA!
More about CNG Below
CNG is an economical fuel source.
CNG is cheaper than the equivalent amount of gasoline. Using CNG as a vehicle fuel is also significantly easier on your engine, giving it a longer life with reduced maintenance costs, including extending the time between oil changes. CNG has the equivalent of 130 octane in gasoline. The high octane boosts performance – especially in today's smaller, high compression ratio engines-and increases engine efficiency at highway speeds. See how a CNG conversion can save you significant money!
CNG is safe.
Because they have to withstand high internal pressure, CNG tanks in vehicles are designed to be extremely durable and far more puncture-resistant than gasoline tanks. CNG is also lighter than air and has very narrow flammability limits. If a leak were to occur as a result of an auto accident, the gas quickly dissipates and is very unlikely to ignite. In fact, there is less chance of an explosion in crashes of cars fueled with CNG than from those fueled with gasoline.
CNG is far more environmentally friendly than gasoline.
Science has long established that CNG is by far the cleanest burning form of fossil fuel. According to the Massachusetts Institute of technology, CNG has the carbon content of all fossil fuels. Since CNG is mostly methane and 130 octane, it burns more completely in internal combustion engines leaving fewer pollutants in exhaust compared to gasoline.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency calculated the benefits of CNG versus gasoline and found CNG reduces carbon monoxide emissions by 90-97%, carbon dioxide emissions by 25%, nitrogen oxide emissions by 35-60%, and emits fewer toxic carcinogenic pollutants, resulting in an environmentally friendly alternative fuel.
In fact, CNG-powered engines are the lowest-emission internal combustion engines in the world. The emissions are so low that in some urban areas the emissions from CNG vehicle is actually cleaner than the air around it. The reduced emissions from CNG also present an excellent way for commercial and government vehicles to meet increasingly strict emissions standards.
CNG reduces America's dependence on foreign oil.
In 1970, the U.S. imported just 24% of all our oil. Today, according to the Alternative Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Center, the U.S. imports nearly 60% of its petroleum, a number that could continue to grow alarmingly over the next decade. In comparison, nearly 98% of natural gas used in the U.S. comes from North America (U.S. and Canada). By focusing on domestic fuels, the U.S. removes the influence of foreign governments on our critical energy supplies while supporting American jobs and thereby boosting the American economy.
In 2008 alone, America spent $475 billion on foreign oil. That is $475 billion that left the American economy and went to foreign nations. Spending that same amount on a domestic source of energy, like natural gas, keeps the money in the U.S. economy creating jobs and prosperity for millions of people in the U.S.
Federal and State Incentives!
The federal government and other organizations provide tax credits and grants to support alternative fuel vehicle conversions.
There are a number of incentive programs designed to encourage alternative fuel adoption. There are many alternative fuel incentives available at the federal, state, city and local level.
To find incentives in your state, visit the the following link: http://www.afdc.energy.gov/laws/state
For local incentives, click the following:
http://www.afdc.energy.gov/laws/local_examples
CNG 101 from Ron the Car Guy
2013 Zebulon Innovations NG, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Phone. (515) 289.2121 Email. Info@zebgas.com


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FSNE Board Meeting Minutes 1/29/2013
FSNE Board Meeting
Tallahassee Democrat
Present: Sam Morley, Doug Ray, Dave Carlson, Jim Baltzelle, McNelly Torres, Rick Hirsch, Frank Denton, Mike Wilson
On conference call: Mark Russell, Cory Lancaster, Chris Porter, Kenny Irby, Dennis Durkee
We started with a brief presentation from Andy McLeod of Visit Florida, who wanted the board to know about resources available to editors covering the 500th anniversary of Ponce de Leon's arrival in Florida.
A motion was made by Russell to install Bob Gabordi as vice president and Mike Wilson as secretary/treasurer. Seconded by Baltzelle and passed unanimously.
The October board minutes were introduced, moved by Russell, seconded by Hirsch, and passed unanimously.
Mike Wilson gave the financial report; we had $106,841 in cash on hand at the end of the year, up about $3,000 but mostly in line the total in recent years. Adoption of the report was moved by Russell, seconded by Carlson, and unanimously passed.
Sam Morley gave the legislative update. We will be watching several initiatives. One proposed bill would move public notices from newspapers to digital formats. Another would take sample ballots out of print. Another would remove foreclosure notices from print and put them to clerks of court websites. Sam notified the board that we will be monitoring the costs of copying documents, citizens' right to speak in public meetings, and several smaller bills.
The contest update was given by Chris Porter. Chris reported that the call for entries went out today. There were glitches with the establishment of the PayPal account for accepting entry fees but Chris expected them to be worked out. There was a brief discussion of the notion of a contest for student journalists, but the board agreed that we have not made sufficient progress on the idea to make it happen this cycle.
We had a Sunshine Week update. Dennis Durkee reported that the Sunshine Coalition Conference will be held Saturday, March 16, from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. Diane Roberts will speak. The First Amendment Foundation is seeking a $250 donation from the FSNE board to help with expenses. Baltzelle moved that we make the contribution, Carlson seconded, and the motion passed unanimously.
Terry Spencer of the AP was given the floor. He proposed an initiative in which Florida journalism organizations, under the auspices of FSNE, would ask clerks of the court for documents and track their responses. The project arises from the Jan. 2012 law requiring clerks to redact personal information from public records. A long discussion ensued. The board agreed to support the project and Spencer promised to arrange a conference call with key parties to get it started.
Rick Hirsch gave a State Decoded report. He said an intern funded by a 4-year, $2,000 grant is going through the sunshinestatutes.com site and cleaning it up. Rick said the state is charging an annual $1,000 fee for a digital copy of the new statutes. He said he will have a column in the Herald about Sunshine Week and will make it available to other editors.
Mark Russell led a discussion of plans for the convention July 18-19 at the JW Marriott Grand Lakes in Orlando. Mark said he is working with Dean Ridings of the FPA on planning. Room costs will be $149; there is no theme yet; we are seeking a big-name speaker. There was discussion of the possible convention program; ideas included how papers are approaching paywalls, community news, data visualization, and the Trayvon Martin case. The board discussed getting together socially on Wednesday night before the FSNE board meeting on Thursday morning.
Frank Denton gave a report on public records and enterprise reporting training. This was a particular interest of Mike Connolly and the board has not done much on it. McNelly, Jim and Frank agreed to discuss ideas and report back to the board.
After a brief discussion of other business, Russell moved that we adjourn and Baltzelle seconded. The motion passed unanimously.
Submitted by Mike Wilson, Secretary/Treasurer
Previous: Previous post: Jan. 29 quarterly board meeting, 2 p.m. AGENDA
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Conference Registration Opens
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Women's Think Tank
Mission: To Promote Research, Critical Thinking and Innovative Solutions on Issues Related to Women and Girls
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Princess Dr. Moradeun Ogunlana, and UN Ambassador for Peace is globally recognized as a leader on women empowerment. She is the CEO of Innovative Global Consulting, an Infrastructure, Agriculture, Energy, Business, and Economic Development corporation connecting businesses in Africa to the World.
She is also the Founder/CEO of African Women's Health Project International an international non-profit group that focuses on empowering women globally thru access to affordable healthcare, agriculture and cultural developments.
Princess Ogunlana's commitment to promoting women, nationally and internationally, stems from her decade-long involvement with the Sister Cities International organization, both as a Little Rock Sister Cities Commissioner, and later as a global citizen.
Her dedication to women's economic empowerment has extended to the global arena, where she provides forums through the Global Council of Women for Development to exchange best practices in accelerating women's economic progress at the UN level.
Long known for her coalition work, Princess Ogunlana has served on numerous advisory boards of global organizations, such as Fight Cancer Global.
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Remote health monitoring could revolutionize healthcare — but are doctors ready to handle an avalanche of patient data?
Donating your health data to science is an easy way to do some good — but you still need to think about security.
And what patients should know about the emerging technology.


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Nutrient Deficiencies in Marijuana Plants in 2021
By Troy Boquette / June 10, 2021
Every living organism, both plants and animals, requires an essential diet to survive. Marijuana plants require micronutrients and macronutrients in order to grow healthy.
How to Stop Powdery Mildew On Marijuana Plants in 2021
By Troy Boquette / June 8, 2021
Powdery mildew or white powdery mildew originates from various types of fungi. The challenge comes when it appears as greyish white powder reflected on the green areas of leaves, particularly on the areas of growth. Powdery mildew appear as spots and spread quickly around the marijuana plant.
How to Get Rid of Spider Mites on Cannabis Plants
By Troy Boquette / May 26, 2021
Spider mites are considered as a common cannabis pest. It can be very problematic to protect cannabis plants and get rid of spider mites due to their powerful capabilities.
Top 10 Feminized Marijuana Strains of 2021
With the rapid evolution of the cannabis industry, feminized marijuana strains are preferred by marijuana growers in recent times as they maximize the yield while minimizing the workload.
How To Reduce Cannabis Cultivation Costs in an Oversaturated Market
Cannabis cultivation is a hectic process which requires a lot of hard work and resources. It involves initial investment costs for essential supplies, followed by expenses to maintain soil, seeds, nutrients, and fertilizers.
Top 12 Autoflowering Cannabis Seeds in 2021
Autoflowering seeds are a convenient way to grow a healthy cannabis crop without overheads of light cycles or clearing away male plants. Autoflowering seeds take care of light-intake on their own, so growers do not need to worry about it.
Watering and Flushing Marijuana Plants in 2021
Water is a basic requirement of all plants but it is crucial to provide an appropriate amount of water to marijuana plants considering the fact that the water demand constantly varies according to the growth and fluctuations in climate.
How To Cure Marijuana Buds in 2021
Flower seeds or marijuana plants can be saved and used for future growth, but if flower buds are cured correctly. The seeds get ruined if they are harshly dried. It is commonly believed that curing marijuana buds results in a stronger potency effect and improved taste.
Health Insurance Companies relation with Medical Cannabis in 2021
By Troy Boquette / April 30, 2021
Despite the fact that medical cannabis has been legalized in 33 states, still it has numerous challenges for patients and physicians, as well as for businesses. One of the most critical challenges is that patients lack health insurance coverage for medical cannabis. Due to the lack of health insurance coverage, patients are liable to pay medical expenses on their own for treatment.
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Major Changes to Ontario's Class Proceedings Act Come into Force
Written by Ranjan Agarwal and Katrina Crocker
On October 1, 2020, recent amendments to Ontario's Class Proceedings Act, 1992 (CPA), come into force. The amendments were made as part of the Smarter and Stronger Justice Act, 2020, which received Royal Assent in July 2020. These changes apply only to any class proceeding commenced on or after October 1, 2020. That said, in Karasik v Yahoo! Inc., 2020 ONSC 5103, Justice Perell recently applied the amendments to a current class action under the court's plenary jurisdiction to manage class actions.
1. Introduction of a Stricter Certification Test
The most substantive change to the CPA is the introduction of superiority and predominance requirements to the test for certification. The existing CPA requires that a class proceeding be the preferable procedure to resolve the common issues. The amended CPA now requires:
that the proposed class proceeding be a superior means of determining the rights or entitlement of the class members, as compared with, among others, any quasi-judicial or administrative proceedings (s. 5(1.1)(a)); and
that questions of fact or law common to the class members predominate over the individual issues (s. 5(1.1)(b)).
2. Procedural Amendments Designed to Achieve Faster Resolution of Cases
Several changes to the CPA should increase procedural efficiency and streamline class actions in Ontario:
Streamlined appeals: Both parties now have a right to appeal from a certification order to the Court of Appeal for Ontario (s. 30(1)). The plaintiff cannot materially amend their notice of certification motion, pleadings, or notice of application on appeal (s. 30(2)).
Early dismissal motions: The court must hear dispositive motions before the certification motion or simultaneously with the certification motion, unless the court orders otherwise (s. 4.1).
Dismissal of dormant actions: The court must dismiss a proposed class action for delay if, within one year from issuing a claim, the plaintiff has not filed a final and complete motion record for certification, the parties have not agreed upon a timetable, the court has not ordered that the action not be dismissed or imposed a timetable, or any other steps required by the regulations have not taken place (s. 29.1(1)).
Limitation periods for contribution and indemnity claims: The limitation period for a defendant's claims for contribution and indemnity from third parties is suspended upon commencement of a putative class proceeding (s. 28(3)).
3. Increased Disclosure for Settlement Approvals and Third-Party Funding
Under the amended CPA, courts must not approve a settlement unless it determines that the settlement is fair, reasonable, and in the best interests of the class or subclass members:
Evidence to be filed on settlement: A party seeking approval of a settlement must disclose information about the settlement, including why the settlement is fair and reasonable, risks/possible recovery if litigation continues, the number of class members, and expected recovery arising from the settlement (s. 27.1(7)).
After settlement, the administrator must file a comprehensive report on the performance of the settlement (s. 27(16)). The court may hold back class counsel's fees until it is "satisfied with the distribution of the monetary award or settlement funds" (s. 32(6)).
Third-party funding: A plaintiff who makes an agreement to receive third-party funding must receive court approval of the agreement (s. 33.1(2)). The court will only approve a third-party funding agreement if it is fair and reasonable, does not diminish the rights of the representative plaintiff to instruct counsel and control the litigation, and the funder can satisfy adverse costs awards (s. 33.1(9)).
Once approved, and to the extent of the indemnity provided under the funding agreement, defendants will be able to recover any costs awarded against the plaintiff directly from the funder (s. 33.1(11)) and to obtain security for costs from the funder if certain conditions are met (s. 33.1(12)).
4. Management for Carriage Motions and Multi-Jurisdictional Cases
In line with legislation in B.C., Alberta, and Saskatchewan, the CPA is amended to consider multi-jurisdictional class proceedings commenced in Ontario or elsewhere in Canada:
Registration: Plaintiffs must register class proceedings in accordance with regulations under the CPA (s. 2(1.1)) and serve an Ontario notice of certification on counsel advancing parallel proceedings in other provinces (s. 2(4)).
Overlapping class proceeding in Ontario (i.e., carriage): Carriage motions between competing class actions in Ontario need to be filed within 60 days after the first proceeding is commenced (s. 13.1(3)). The court will determine which proceeding best advances the claims of the class members in an efficient and cost-effective manner, heeding each representative plaintiff's theory of its case, the relative likelihood of success in each proceeding, the expertise/experience of each solicitor, and the funding of each proceeding (s. 13.1(4)). No appeals from carriage decisions will be allowed (s. 13.1(5)).
Overlapping class proceedings in Canada: At certification, the court will have to consider whether there is a class action pending in another province involving the same subject matter and, if so, to determine whether it would be preferable for some or all of the claims in the Ontario action to be resolved in the other proceeding (s. 5(6)). Parties will also have the right to bring a stay motion prior to certification where there is an overlapping class action in another province (s. 5(8)).
In making its determination, the court will be guided by certain objectives (s. 5(7)(a)) and tasked with considering all relevant factors, including the alleged basis of liability in each proceeding, the stage each proceeding has reached, the location of class members, representative plaintiffs, witnesses, and evidence, and the ease of enforceability in each applicable jurisdiction (s. 5(7)(b)).
5. Additional Obligations for Class Counsel
Changes are made to sections 17 to 19 respecting notice under the CPA. The court must make such orders as are necessary to ensure that the notice given is the best notice practicable in the circumstances. Notices must be written in English and in French (s. 20(2)), and in a plain language manner (s. 20(1)). The plaintiff must pay for the costs of providing notice of certification at first, unless they have consent from the defendant at an earlier time. The plaintiffs may seek to recover those costs from defendants if ultimately successful in the class proceeding (s. 22(1.1)).
6. Two New Regulations and Other Regulatory Amendments
Finally, regulations and regulatory amendments have been made to support the amendments to the CPA:
A new "General" regulation under the CPA, O Reg 497/20, which includes details about the registration of proceedings and the National Class Action Database as well as technical rules related to starting a proposed class proceeding that includes a claim under section 138.3 of the Securities Act (i.e., liability for secondary market disclosure).
A new "Subrogated Claims" regulation under the CPA, O Reg 498/20, which contains details for implementing section 27.3 of the CPA.
Consequential amendments to the "Class Proceedings" regulation under the Law Society Act, O Reg 771/92.
Minor amendments to Rule 12 of the Rules of Civil Procedure.
If you have any questions about the information in this article, please contact a member of the Bennett Jones Class Action Litigation group.
Ranjan K. Agarwal, Partner
Katrina Crocker, Associate
Advancing Alberta's New Liability Management Framework
Supreme Court of Canada: Silence Can Breach the Contractual [...]
Canadian Government Releases Draft Clean Fuel Regulations
Fairstone Financial v Duo Bank – Ontario Court Interprets MAC Clause
The Power of Now in Canada's Energy Industry


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Big Business Strikes Back: The Class Struggle from Above By James Petras
26 October 2018 — James Petras
Introduction: Bankers, agro-business elites, commercial mega owners, manufacturing, real estate and insurance bosses and their financial advisers, elite members of the 'ruling class', have launched a full-scale attack on private and public wage and salary workers,and small and medium size entrepreneurs (the members of the 'popular classes'). The attack has targeted income ,pensions, medical plans, workplace conditions, job security, rents, mortgages, educational costs, taxation,undermining family and household cohesion.
William Blum Needs Your Help!
26 October 2018 — Anti-Empire Report
I just got a very distressing email from Bill Blum's former wife detailing an awful fall he sustained at home that left him immobolised for perhaps 2 days before being discovered by a friend! I wish him a speedy recovery but he needs your help with his medical expenses! Here's the note I received: Continue reading →
The Apocalypse Not Now By Edward Curtin
26 October 2018 — Global Research
It was balmy and breezy by the bench where I sat outside a public library east of Atlanta, Georgia, brooding about the state of the world. It seemed like the end times, and I had just attended a fire and brimstone sermon, not perused the mainstream and alternative press. I had just spent a few hours on the internet, noting so many articles that announced that the world as we know it was coming to an end, or maybe just the world.
European Union steps up Internet censorship in the name of opposing "disinformation" By Johannes Stern
26 October 2018 — WSWS
The European Union (EU) summit on October 18 resolved to further tighten the censorship of the Internet. It also threatened with sanctions and penalties any party that diverges from the prescribed political line in the 2019 European election campaign. This is the response of European governments to growing opposition to militarism, social cuts and right-wing extremism.
US Trashing INF – Another Reckless Blow to World Security
26 October 2018 — Strategic Culture Foundation
The United States this week gave notice it is scrapping the second of three major arms control treaties. President Trump's announced withdrawal from the INF Treaty this week follows the unilateral abrogation of the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty in 2002 by his predecessor GW Bush.
INF Treaty Newslinks 25-26 October 2018
26 October 2018 — The New Dark Age
Gorbachev hopes US allies will refuse to act as launch pads for new American missiles
http://tass.com/politics/1027959
INF treaty withdrawal to undermine global trust in US — Czech leader
http://tass.com/world/1027951
The reinstatement of North Korea: What effects on the 'story' of socialism?
26 October 2018 — The Saker
by Ramin Mazaheri for The Saker Blog
It seems unlikely – as it defies 73 years of ongoing aggression, warfare, the near-warfare of constant tap dancing on the border, starvation-creating sanctions, false promises, broken promises, racist caricaturing, hysterical knee-jerk anti-socialism, and more besides – but what if Washington finally allows North Korea to reintegrate into the multinational world?
Why Washington is courting Hanoi in Vain By Martin Berger
26 October 2018 — NEO
More than half a century ago, at the height of Vietnam war US intelligence agencies were demanded to put an end to the partisan movement supporting the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam. This resulted in the so-called Phoenix Program being launched which, according to historians, allowed CIA and a number of military bodies assisting it to locate and murder in cold blood more than 80 thousand people. That may have been the first time when American intelligence agencies were given a free hand in their approach to their work, which resulted in mass-executions and sadistic torture techniques getting rampant. Thus, long before the world learned about the extensive use of torture in the American prison of Abu Ghraib, American intelligence agencies were busy acquiring "peculiar anti-guerrilla skills." And this "legacy" is hardly forgotten both in the United States, and especially in Vietnam, since the latter lost well over one million people to the unprovoked American aggression.
Khashoggi Newslinks 25-26 October 2018
The Saudi Butchery in Yemen and the World's Apathy
https://www.globalresearch.ca/saudi-butchery-yemen-worlds-apathy/5658060
The Khashoggi Murder – Worse Than A Crime, A Mistake
https://orientalreview.org/2018/10/26/the-khashoggi-murder-worse-than-a-crime-a-mistake/
Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil's Political Nightmare: a Neo-Nazi 'Phenomenon' Made in the USA By Edu Montesanti
"Not even the military dictatorship defended an ideology which is so openly fascist like Bolsonaro does today. He does not care about being compared to Hitler," – Michael Löwy.
"It is difficult to explain the emergence of a phenomenon best described as pathological politics on a large scale" according to French-Brazilian sociologist Michael Löwy, in an interview when asked about Jair Bolsonaro's ascension, Brazil's presidential candidate whose great-grandfather was a Nazi soldier.
Nation Transfixed In Horror By Toy Bombs While Destroying Lives With Real Ones By Caitlin Johnstone
25 October 2018 — Caitlin Johnstone
Media headlines have been dominated for the last two days by the news that pipe bombs are being sent to Democratic Party elites and their allies, a list of whom as of this writing consists of Bill and Hillary Clinton, Barack and Michelle Obama, Joe Biden, George Soros, Maxine Waters, Eric Holder, Robert De Niro, and the CNN office (addressed to former CIA Director John Brennan who actually works for NBC). As of this writing nobody has been killed or injured in any way by any of these many explosive devices, and there is as of this writing no publicly available evidence that they were designed to. As of this writing there is no evidence that the devices were intended to do anything other than what they have done: stir up fear and grab headlines.


This Easy Strawberry Cake has nearly 2 pounds of fresh summer strawberries. The cake has a soft, lightly sweet, and moist crumb with bursts of strawberry flavor in every bite. One of our all-time favorite strawberry recipes.
The ingredients here are simple and inexpensive pantry staples. This cake is loaded with fresh strawberries inside and out. The easy strawberry sauce comes together quickly in a food processor or blender and makes every bite luscious.
Can I substitute sour cream with Greek yogurt?
Yes! You can substitute sour cream with a plain Greek yogurt. Whole milk yogurt is best and will yield the best results.
I'd pass you a generous slice if I could! I hope you're all enjoying summer and all the best of summer; the tastiest strawberries, juicy watermelon, ALL the berries, stone fruit,… Speaking of fruit cakes, don't miss our easy summer peach cake or our most popular blueberry lemon cake!
Hi Natasha, thank you for ALL your recipes, but especially this recipe!! My family loves it! Your simply and down to earth cooking has me in the kitchen and loving it!
Thank you Natasha for this awesome recipe. I just baked this cake today. It came out so…….good!!!
Absolutely delicious 😋, which doesn't surprise me. Every recipe I tried from you turned out delicious.
Thank you! It really turned out great!
I made this yesterday for dinner with my in-laws and it was a real hit.
It's Andrea. I was wondering if it was possible to bake the cake in a rectangular bread tin. I don't have a 9 inch cake pan to bake it in. Since the bread tin is deeper, I wondered if also I could bake the cake batter in halves do it wouldn't affect the baking time.
I made this cake yesterday, I used whole wheat flour and brown sugar, was soooo good!!!!! My family loved it!!!
Can u use frozen strawberries 🍓 ? I froze a lot of fresh strawberries earlier. Would I need to alter the recipe??
Hi Natasha, I baked this delicious cake but I used peaches , I add sliced peach on top and sprinkle with little sugar. DAMMMM!!!.
Can you use self rising flour and leave out the baking powder and salt. Most cakes call for plain flour;but, I never buy plain!
I bought some fabulous local strawberries at the farm stand yesterday and decided to bake this up for our anniversary! It was delish! Great texture, not too sweet. Perfect with that strawberry sauce and a puff of fresh whipped cream! Thanks for a wonderful recipe. I'm definitely trying this with peaches, next.
Hi Natasha, I love the recipe, but what can I replace sour cream with if I do not have it on hand ?


An installation work for five identical 35mm slide projectors. Four of the five project a slide which was shot directly into the projector bulb, its lenses and reflectors re-arranged to filter the light and create an illusory image. The fifth is re-focused to project the imperfections in its own internal glass.
The work takes its name from that given to the machine by its manufacturer.


Reed isn't a run-of-the-mill college, and Kimpton RiverPlace isn't a run-of-the-mill hotel, so Reedies and RiverPlacies can easily be one and the same. Located about 15 minutes from the hotel, the small liberal arts school has a big reputation for intellectual curiosity and nonconformity. Steve Jobs and James Beard are famous former students (although, interestingly, neither graduated), and the school is known for its yearlong humanities program and nuclear reactor primarily staffed by undergrads. A huge percentage of alumni — 70 percent — go on to earn a graduate degree.
Want to bring the entire brood to visit your favorite Reedie, or perhaps the whole gang's tagging along with a prospective student who can't wait to check out campus? Our specialty suites give you all the space you need to hangout, along with amazing amenities.


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You are at:Home»News Pages»E-Headlines»How Your Business Can Save Money On Electricity Bills With Solar Installations?
How Your Business Can Save Money On Electricity Bills With Solar Installations?
By CBN on	 July 2, 2019 E-Headlines
Image Source: https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/03/13/07/34/photovoltaic-2138992_960_720.jpg
The origins of solar panels go way back, 1839 to be specific. A scientist discovered that electricity could be generated from placing two metallic electrodes in a conductive solution under the exposure of light. Some research and development happened, but it wasn't efficient enough to be used practically. In 1953, 3 telecommunication scientists managed to create a silicon cell. This was the first cell that was efficient and capable enough to power small devices. A few years later, solar cells were available on a wider scale, yet it wasn't common for businesses or people to be able to afford it, the cost was way too high and traditional energy sources were much cheaper. Solar cell research peaked thanks to the space race between the US and the Soviets; in the late 60s, solar power was standardized as the main energy source in powering satellites. As it developed further, it was used in railroad crossings, remote homes, and even microwave towers.
The world has recognized the importance of solar energy, a lot of money and effort has been poured into the research and development of solar cells, and it's working. We can now see solar-powered cars, aircraft, homes, and businesses. Adopting solar panels is basically hitting two birds with one stone, the obvious first reason is that it's very cost-effective, the second one may be a long-term and a collective resolution, it's for humanity's benefit. If you're a business, then you should feel lucky that you're in an era that makes solar installations a possibility to reduce costs and save the environment. We'll be giving you a brief overview of how going solar is going to be one of the best decisions you'll ever make.
Electricity Cost Savings
Sustainability and being able to address the market as a green business is an advantage indeed, but that isn't the first thing on most businesses' minds. Going solar was always related to cutting energy costs and for a good reason. The significance of converting to solar should never be underestimated; commercial property owners can expect a reduction of energy bills that could reach up to 75%. Some businesses that used to pay $2,000 in electricity bills are now just paying $500.
Some businesses find the initial investment in installation way above what they're ready to invest. Before buying solar panels, you should know that the savings are projected over a long-term duration, so making the investment without bearing that in mind can leave you stranded. To resolve that issue, a Power Purchase Agreement can be made. In simpler terms, a solar energy provider can agree to supply solar energy to a buyer without having to install solar panels at the commercial/personal property. A contract is made to guarantee a certain level of quality, rate, and delivery points. This is still a cheaper option than paying for traditional energy sources, it can also give you the chance to save money and do a complete solar installation after a while.
Scaling Down
Solar providers used to only be able to serve big corporations because the scale of the solar installation was big and there were no other options that could accommodate small to medium businesses, which comprise most of the businesses in Australia. Once providers developed and innovated new ways to scale down their services, using solar for business in Perth and other cities filled with small and medium businesses became a viable option. Having a huge rooftop to install big solar panels on isn't a necessity anymore, innovation and research led to the creation of small yet very efficient solar panels that can be installed on most rooftops. The cost of these small solar panels is surprisingly lower than their big counterparts; they are less to manufacture and take less time to be installed which reduces the overall costs of installation.
Free Source of Electricity
Research reports that most businesses that installed solar cells were able to pay off the overall cost of purchasing the cells and their installation in 3 to 7 years. What makes going solar a very tempting choice for businesses, especially big corporations, is that once the last installment is paid off, they get to enjoy 25 to 35 years of completely free electric supply. You can think about the investment in solar energy as pre paying electricity bills about 30 years in the future for an extremely reduced cost.
The low cost of maintenance is also a strong point for going solar, as the system is stationary with no moving parts. Solar panels have a certain life expectancy, this life expectancy is more accurate than you'd think. As long as the solar panels aren't in an area with a lot of natural disturbances like storms, bolts of lightning, or fires, you should expect to pay almost nothing in terms of maintenance.
Green Image
Image Source: https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/11/03/15/03/solar-panels-1794467_960_720.jpg
As businesses start shifting towards a greener environment, going solar is an effective statement. Using clean and sustainable electricity not only saves you money that can be used in different directions, but it can also be a strong marketable point to the public. It shows that your company is being environmentally responsible, demonstrating to your clients that you're not all about profit. This is going to have a positive impact on stakeholders and your local community. This gives your small or medium business some buzz and can help it grow further with the support of the community, in addition to forming business relations that can also help you save costs.
The direction the world is going right now favors any environmental and green outlook, especially when it comes to businesses as the industrial scale is directly related to the health of the environment. Technology has led to solar screens infused with organic dye and nanoparticles, solar fabrics that can be placed anywhere, and solar shingles that look very elegant and minimal. When it comes to the renewable energy field, especially solar energy, there is no shortage of innovation and development aided by the approval of the community to help businesses save more money while helping the environment.
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Im Landkreis Forchheim gibt es fünf Naturschutzgebiete. Zusammen nehmen sie eine Fläche von 444 Hektar ein. Das größte Naturschutzgebiet ist das 1996 eingerichtete Naturschutzgebiet Langenbachgrund und Haarweiherkette.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Landschaftsschutzgebiete im Landkreis Forchheim
 Liste der Naturdenkmäler im Landkreis Forchheim
 Liste der geschützten Landschaftsbestandteile im Landkreis Forchheim
 Liste der FFH-Gebiete im Landkreis Forchheim
 Liste der Geotope im Landkreis Forchheim

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Landratsamt Forchheim, Naturschutzgebiete

Forchheim
!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Performance Education Donate Now
About Our Work Impact News Dance for Dance Get Involved Contact
Copyright © 2021 Mark DeGarmo. All Rights Reserved.
Our Mission Mark DeGarmo Artist Statement Awards and Honors Publications and Scholarship Performance Archive Our Team Contact
As an artist and scholar, my work investigates embodied imagination, improvisational composition, and nonverbal/non-discursive ways of knowing. My transcultural transdisciplinary work examines the body as a medium to communicate.
Current Repertoire
Dancers: Mark DeGarmo (L) and Luis Gabriel Zaragoza (R). Photo by: Leon Anthony James
The themes of my choreographic work are varied. In 2022, I am exploring dance video. Since January 2019, I have performed monthly improvisations broadcast in my "Moveable Moments" series. These 30-second improvisational compositions explore urban and rural interior and exterior spaces, body parts, and light and darkness. These works are informed by the times, places, and forces impacting my lived life.
My Mexican family, friends and colleagues inspired me to investigate Mexican culture and Frida Kahlo for over 30 years. The result was a six-year creative process with a female-female cast in "Las Fridas."
Due to the sudden illness of one performer, I assumed the 60-minute 16-section Light Frida role in one week for our December 2015 New York studio previews. I continued this impromptu investigation into the implications of fluid casting. We completed our April 2016 NYC theater previews of the 60-minute "Las Fridas: A Movement Installation and Offering" to critical acclaim with alternating female-male and male-male casts, sound and lighting design.
Our November 2019 and January 2020 world and New York premieres at MDD Studio Theater 310 at New York's Clemente Center confirmed the work's originality and impact with audiences and critics.
Next steps include performing at 4 Mexican dance festivals that invited us to perform "Las Fridas." Stay tuned.
My artistic journey included my burning desire to re-enter the solo performance arena in May 2015. Over the next year, I presented a 60-minute improvised solo program including movement and text, abstract and literal action, drama and comedy.
Past Repertoire
In an earlier phase of my choreographic development, I was fascinated with creating forms with exacting polyrhythmic athleticism and technical virtuosity to reveal larger themes, including transcultural social issues. I explored an encyclopedic range of topics, such as those that follow.
One work, inspired by a Paul Klee painting and accompanied by Poulenc's Organ Concerto, explored children's games, the secrets they contain and what it means to be invisible.
Another related Mexico's Day of the Dead to the AIDS crisis.
I also "updated" the concepts of the Bauhaus through an homage to one of the original members of the Bauhaus I knew, Andor Weininger, explored the figure 8 in spatial, corporal, and rhythmic patterning juxtaposed with clown elements, and investigated relationships with family, ancestors, and the Earth.
I explored the roles of dance and the dancer in different cultures and traveled and interacted with people from all over the world.
My work enabled me to dance and teach in a variety of cultural settings, including:
El Salvador during the last year of the war and in New York creating a work with a Salvadoran dancer about women in El Salvador,
Northampton, England, where we brought a dynamic new form of arts education to the country, particularly to developmentally disabled students,
the South Bronx, Manhattan's Lower East Side, and Far Rockaway, Queens,
rural Cambridge, New York, where we brought teenagers and senior citizens together for a project combining oral history and dance,
the Adirondack Mountains,
Ljubljana, Slovenia, shortly after that country's return to the Western bloc,
Puebla, Toluca, Mexico City, and seven small towns and country fairs throughout the State of Mexico,
and the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Andes. I developed a Peruvian-U.S. company of 19 dancers and musicians and created a commissioned dance-theater work for the National Dance Company of Ecuador based on current events and social themes of those countries.
Other transformative experiences included working over 25 years with a traditional Quiché Mayan dance and music community in Chichicastenango, Guatemala and seven schools in New York City and State,
researching dance in Havana, Cuba,
and lecturing about developing a dance company to artists and managers from Eastern Europe, the newly independent states and Russia in Volgograd.
2012 and 2015 Russian photographic exhibitions at Moscow's A.A. Bakhrushin State Central Theater Museum celebrated my work in the context of Russian ballet dancers in the West.
These journeys fill me up with images, experiences, sounds and motion, and inspire me with new dreams for new ways to move, create and speak through the living, breathing, feeling body. I come home filled with new perspectives on what it is to be alive and full of dreams about the future. I return feeling connected with a transcultural and transdisciplinary community of artists.
Whether I am speaking with a classical Chinese dancer from Beijing in Queens or with a modern dancer living in Scotland who hails from Ghana or with an experimental choreographer in El Salvador or with a 5-year old child in Arequipa, Peru who spontaneously shares a joyous ancient folk dance with me at the moment of our meeting, I am exploring what the creative process means to me and to fellow human beings.
NYC press and audiences referred to DeGarmo's performance range as "encyclopedic," his performances as "frightening… the way great art always should be," and DeGarmo as "a gladiator in various arenas."
DeGarmo (2015)'s peer Martha Hill Dance Fund Mid-Career Awardees since 2006 include: Nigel Campbell & Chanel DaSilva, Seán Curran, Dian Dong & H.T. Chen, David Dorfman, Doug Elkins, Robert Garland, Virginia Johnson, Jessica Lange, Heidi Latsky, David Leventhal, Fredrick Earl Mosley, Janet Panetta, Denise Hurlin Roberts, and John-Mario Sevilla.
Thus far in his professional choreographic career, DeGarmo has created over 100 dance and performance works and directed multiple tours in 13 countries.
Your donation supports MDD's mission and activities: educate children, perform artistic work, and promote intercultural community through dance arts.
"Rather than slowing down as his career matures, [DeGarmo] is coming back to his roots in choreography and performance, creating a culture all his own of what is accepted."
Melanie Brown, StageBuddy.com
107 Suffolk Street, Studio Theater 310
info@markdegarmodance.org
© 2023 Mark DeGarmo Dance.
Mark DeGarmo
Las Fridas
Dance for Dance


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Home / Europe / Paris First Naked Restaurant To Close In February
Paris First Naked Restaurant To Close In February
Saxon January 20, 2019	Europe 1 Comment
Paris first nudist restaurant is to stop operating on February 16 due to financial challenges. This is a restaurant where you go naked to get served different delicacies you can afford.
The nudist restaurant in Paris will be closing after just over a year of serving classic French dishes to diners in the buff.
Clothes must be left in the cloakroom along with mobile phones, to prevent diners from sneaking a photo of other customers.
O'Naturel, in the French capital's 12th district, will be shutting down on February 16, according to a Facebook postfrom the owners.
Twins Mike and Stéphane Saada told the AFP news agency that they were having to close for financial reasons.
In another Facebook post, they called on customers to take advantage of the remaining time.
"Don't hesitate to book now to enjoy a last naked dinner in Paris," it read. "It's now or never."
After opening in November 2017 to great fanfare, the restaurant received rave reviews from customers on Facebook, with an average score of 4.8 out of 5.
Many customers praised both the food and the unique experience after enjoying a naked meal, shielded from passersby by a thick white curtain.
"Great restaurant, futuristic in the audacity of its naturism," wrote Florian Dupuis last August, "promoting the beautiful values of naturism, tolerance and non judgment, living together, all together, as we are, and in osmosis with nature, all natural."
Diners at O'Naturel remove their clothes in a cloakroom, where they also leave their mobile phones for privacy reasons, according to AFP.
While those eating may be naked, the owners are fully clothed as they serve the food.
"Our role is to put people at ease," said Stéphane in an interview with AFP when the restaurant opened.
"As soon as customers enter the dining room, we accompany them to their table and we reassure them that it's not like the whole room is looking at them."
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While local custom wasn't enough to keep O'Naturel afloat, there appears to be growing interest in naturism in France.
A designated nudist zone was launched in the Bois de Vincennes park in August 2017, running for three months before reopening in spring 2018, with the aim of attracting some of the estimated 2.6 million nudists in France.
On May 5 last year, contemporary art gallery Palais de Tokyo opened its doors to naturists for an afternoon of art, uncovered.
Then in June, the city's Nudists Association hosted a giant picnic for naturists.
The event marked the inaugural Parisian Day of Naturism, which the association said it hopes will become an annual event celebrated on the last Sunday in June.
Source: Click2Houston
Tags O'Naturel Paris Nudist restaurant
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I was conversing with a friend today, and we were discussing things to which we should have said no. This began a series of thoughts in my head about times when we should say no or "I don't/won't", etc.
As we get older, we begin to think about dating and related subjects. For me personally, I thought about it all through middle and high school but was afraid of rejection. I finally got up the courage to ask out someone in college who later became my wife of 14 years. She is the mother of my children, but there were plenty of signs that told me I should have said "I don't." For practicality sake, I will give some general principles for when you should say "I don't" rather than "I do".
1. Hormones are never a good reason to say "I do". Even if you have given yourself to that person, there are good reasons to say "I don't." I know the "try before you buy" philosophy is popular, but get some guts and say "I don't".
2. Differences in religion are a good reason to say "I don't". Let me say that I know several couples who got married when one was a Christian and the other wasn't. The unbeliever did give his/her heart to Christ, but this isn't a general rule. People of different Christian denominations tend to experience tension. If you can't stand it, you might want to say "I don't".
3. Different career paths may be a good reason to say "I don't". If one does not support the other, move on and spare yourself the drama.
I like the honesty in this post. Being optimistic in Christ doesn't guarantee everything will work out for the better of those involved when the differences are big red flags. This is something that definitely needs discussion. Accepting another person for marriage should not cause you to jeopardize your relationship with Christ. Another aspect is really knowing where you stand on issues because a lot of times we won't make a decision until we have to and that's when we are in a compromising position. Thanks for the read and I look forward to reading more this.


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Home > Business > Industry
Local businesses pay the price of growing overseas influence
The "Made in China" label is becoming a major threat to global industries as the country shifts its focus to sectors previously dominated by Korean businesses.
From heavy industry shipbuilding and train making to high-tech developments, the largest country in Asia is casting a shadow over the Korean economy.
Hyundai Rotem, a Korean train maker under Hyundai Motor Group, and other local manufacturers are seeking additional government support for local manufacturers in
response to the heightened competition from China.
Overseas sales of the Korean train manufacturing industry totaled 600 billion won ($500 million) last year, about half of what was sold in the past. In 2012, the industry's total sales, including domestic and overseas sales, were 1.7 trillion won, and this fell to 1.4 trillion won in 2013. The situation has become gloomier as the industry's overseas sales this year through the third quarter of 2015 have only reached 80 billion won.
This is due to Chinese manufacturers offering a 20 percent lower price per unit in the international market.
Chinese train makers are taking over Japan's Shinkansen high-speed rail network and France's Train a Grande Vitesse's high-speed rail service. China has also won a high-speed rail project in Indonesia, which will connect Jakarta to Bandung (150 kilometers, or 90 miles) in October.
China last year built the world's fastest train, which runs at 605 kilometers per hour (376 miles per hour), 30 kilometers per hour faster than the previous record held by a train produced by France.
Chinese train maker CRRC also produced a train that can operate in extreme temperatures as low as minus-40 degrees Celsius (minus-40 degrees Fahrenheit) and as high as 40 degrees Celsius.
"Chinese train-making technologies outpaced the Korean ones a long time ago, and it is now competing with Japan, Germany and France," said Lee Bong-gul, a researcher at the Institute for International Trade.
Korea's well-known semiconductor industry is also under threat from developing Chinese technologies. China consumes more than half of the semiconductors produced in the world. The Chinese government decided to finance the domestic integrated circuit industry with 120 billion yuan ($20 billion) last year. Additionally, Chinese business groups are buying semiconductor-related companies in other countries.
Some Chinese companies are recruiting Korean specialists by offering salaries five times higher than their prior salaries in Korea for at least three years. Many in the industry are familiar with this "1, 5, 3 offer."
Many workers from small to medium-sized Korean semiconductor companies have already taken advantage of attractive offers and moved to China. A similar large-scale outflow of workers occurred in the past when China aggressively expanded its video display industry. China recruited a huge number of employees from the local liquid crystal display manufacturer Hydis and built the globally competitive display manufacturer BOE.
"China was a latecomer in technologies compared to other developed countries around the world, but its huge domestic market allowed it to grow rapidly," said Seong Tae-yoon, an economics professor at Yonsei University.
The "Made in China" label is being strongly criticized for aggressive techniques.
The boss of one local company which supplies auto parts, was shocked by Chinese products' specifications on display at a recent international exhibition. He said foreign buyers were packed around the Chinese companies' booths while not many visited his site.
"I would not be surprised if our former engineers handed over blueprints to them," an executive at the company said. "Chinese manufacturers do make mistakes in the beginning, but they eventually find solutions to fix them as they get used to the process, and this is why foreign buyers look for Chinese products."
Korea's main exporting goods, such as smartphones and TVs, are also being pursued by Chinese latecomers. Figures from the market research firm Gartner show that Samsung Electronics had the highest market share, or 23.7 percent, of smartphone sales in the third quarter. Apple was placed in second place with its share of 13.1 percent. Chinese brands Huawei (7.7 percent), Lenovo (4.9 percent) and Xiaomi (4.9 percent) were highly ranked, with the total of Chinese sales surpassing Apple and chasing Samsung.
In the TV industry, Korean products made by LG and Samsung account for 31.7 percent of the total market. However, China isn't far behind with 27.2 percent. Many buyers find Chinese products are now high-quality with lower prices. In some stores, Chinese HD TVs are being sold 20 to 30 percent cheaper than Korean brands.
"We are doing well in the U.S. market, which is very strict on product quality," said a spokesman for Chinese home appliance maker TCL. "We are positive that our products don't have much difference in quality and design compared to those produced by Samsung or LG."
As well as electronics, China is also setting its sights on the shipbuilding industry. China continues to have the largest order backlog of ships in the world, stretching more than five years. It is also making inroads into the offshore plant industry, which has been led by Korean firms in the past.
Developed countries are paying more attention to technological developments in China.
Chinese tech giant Baidu successfully tested its autonomous car on roads earlier this month. The vehicle drove 30 kilometers by itself on highways and local roads and managed to keep pace with other traffic and recognized traffic signs and lights. It was driving 100 kilometers per hour on highways.
Chinese cutting-edge technologies also appear in big-budget movies. In the movie "Gravity," Sandra Bullock rides in a Chinese spaceship and successfully lands on Earth. In the movie "Martian," a Chinese rocket played a key role in a rescue plan to bring Matt Damon to Earth from Mars.
Chinese high-tech company KuangChi Science has also tested the world's first Jetpack, also called an Iron Man Suit. The company said it can carry a 120-kilogram (260-pound) person for a maximum flight time of 45 minutes at a speed up to 80 kilometers per hour.
China is transforming its previous image of being a giant manufacturing nation to become the hub of advancing technologies in a variety of fields including aerospace, express railways and biometrics.
The state-run magazine China Aviation News has claimed that China succeeded in achieving hypersonic flight, reaching speeds of Mach 5 (6,180 kilometers per hour) in September. The Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China developed its own aircraft, the ARJ21-700, and designated it to Chengdu Airlines last month. According to the Korea Institute of S&T Evaluation and Planning, China has a technological lead of three to four years over Korea in the aerospace industry.
China is making inroads in the drone industry, even though it is competing with the U.S.-based Amazon and Google. Chinese drone maker DJI produces 70 percent of all civilian drones in the world.
Experts emphasize the only way for Korean companies to survive is to invest more on research and development. Some argue that Korean manufacturers need to pursue the "Made for China" strategy. "We need to make products that fit Chinese tastes," said Chang Byung-song, a director at the Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency's China department.
BY KOO HUI-LYUNG, KIM KI-HWAN [kim.youngnam@joongang.co.kr]
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