Cesar Melgar, Newark. (2016). Self Portrait. Image courtesy of the Artist.
Opened by Kevin Blythe Sampson, Newark Withheld initiates a discussion by local artists in relation to the transformation of their city. This series extends from the photographic work of Cesar Melgar in Newark, featured in the rural issue of the Journal of Biourbanism.
When I met Cesar Melgar, I had a 35mm film camera that I had gotten in Turkey in my hands.
I had just returned from Istanbul after experiencing the overt urban uprisings of Gezi. But at the moment I met Cesar, I was looking for more subtle and hidden forms of resistance in relation to land and dispossession, during a time of urban decay.
It was October 2013 in Newark. Considering the high vacancy of this city, despite being located 20 minutes by train from downtown Manhattan, I was curious about life in the absence of dominant control.
I photographed the front of a shuttered, abandoned house that looked almost like a barn. Click, turn the film. With no introduction, Cesar asked me, "Are you a photographer?" In front of this house, I felt he could see something I could not. Such a feeling is something that would later tell me how much more he knows his city than those who talk about it, or make its future plans.
Homes Along the Passaic River (2016) by Cesar Melgar. Image courtesy of the Artist.
I answered yes. He asked, "What do you photograph?" Abandoned buildings. Cesar then inquired if I wanted to join him and his friends at a site of demolition—the Multiplex Cinema in industrial Ironbound. Open for just 15 years, the Cinema was being torn down, and Cesar told me we could enter before it was gone.
The house sat in front of us with a cemetery behind. To the right, a chain link fence faced traffic from a main road. To the left, another house. This house doubled as an auto body shop, complete with a sign advertising its repair service. Parked vehicles were outside the front door, but the house had no lights on—all was quiet. A U.S. flag waved in the cool night air. The front door creaked open and voices followed. A Latino couple emerged and explained that the house was dark because there had been no electricity since March 2013. The City had closed off traffic to their street. Their repair shop dwindled since there were less cars to service. Infrastructure decisions, such as these made from above, often cut such vital sources to home—and at the root. Unable to pay rent and electricity, the couple stayed, suggesting they kept arms in order to protect themselves, their home, and the land they inhabited. A lone city light shone above their house, presumably kept lit in monthly payment to the City—it was unclear if or how far the City intended to extend the energy grid to their house. Certain was that they had no heat, and the couple was prepared to stay despite the coming, cold winter.
From the Multiplex onwards—each abandoned historic building or closed factory that Cesar, his friends, and I entered in Newark was filled with soil. But seen from this house, and now heard from Melgar, the City's practice of starving people at their root is not uncommon. Like many places today, Newark has chosen a "redevelopment strategy" per its most recent Master Plan (2012) titled Our City Our Future—to keep the system going full speed ahead. The concept and concentration of finance has created one face of Newark's recent decay, while then turning to, and tightening, the redevelopment strategy dictated by "the other side." Until now, in this series, the reification of social relations has emerged with Kevin Blythe Sampson—"Newark is in danger because of its realness, power, and history." Then, the pre-industrial, non-geographical Souths of the world has taken form with Gladys Barker Grauer—"Newark sensed it." With Cesar Melgar, we see Newark as reality.
At times, Newark had appeared naked of capitalism—even though capitalism was eager to clothe it again.
Despite the huge cultural and geographical distance, Newark seems to have been undertaking the same polarized process I had just witnessed in Istanbul. The Housing Development Administration of Turkey (TOKİ), in fact, has been aggressively transforming Istanbul by renewing housing stock and making land values rise—one face of this being "destruction at the hands of the policy"—while the other, simultaneously implements a new urban model. The logic that designs Istanbul is the same logic that designs Newark. Although the result may look different, both change who we are—according to an abstract, financial value that has little to do with either cities' character or sociality. Today, chances are that I would not have met Cesar in Newark in the ways I did three years ago. We had met through the cracks because we met in the ruins instead of a Starbucks—a time spent without money, consumption, or structural interface.
Development Along West Kinney Street (2016) by Cesar Melgar. Image courtesy of the Artist.
The symbolic character of contemporary capitalism seems in line with Newark's current Master Plan and exposes the rhetoric of the City's participatory planning process. It is true that people may be a relevant part of this process, but if money is still the most important base, then the results will speak rather about the structural truth. We prefer the image to the reality. For example, Kevin Blythe Sampson tells us, "now what we have is an "art scene" here in Newark. It's more about the social aspects of the art world than actual good art making." The role of center stage played by finance creates such an effect, shaping the city into the concrete inversion of life. From Cesar, we hear about such transformation through his work—"Investors and big money are deciding Newark's future" and "Now that outsiders are interested in Newark, gentrification is finally coming to accommodate them." The City of Newark has written a plan, but Melgar will write the history: "I want to record its spaces and its people before everyone is priced out and history repeats itself once again." Newark's social relations are in ways incompatible with the system. Yet unlike the past, where the City could, in an obvious way, take land from citizens using eminent domain to build highways, the City can now take by giving—absorbing social relations into retail venues, transport hubs as human-circulated consumption, and disintegration. Time in Newark is both fast and slow, but irreversible. "Drastic changes occurring on Halsey Street, 2015" reads one of Melgar's photographs—completely still.
In March 2014, I had once found a large pile of soil at the corner of Halsey and New Street. I stopped to collect a little of it, but unlike the soil I found in Newark's abandoned buildings, this soil was unearthed for the latest development of the Prudential Financial Center—one in a chain of panoptical structures with a constant gaze throughout Newark's core. In November 2016, Cesar was with his Father at the Prudential Arena. Melgar recalls, "the plot of land the arena sits on used to be a cemetery before they started constructing the never completed Renaissance Mall." The cemetery, initially moved because the City was building a train station, became a predecessor of the unfinished Renaissance Mall. Today, development still looks upon Halsey Street.
Death by Eminent Domain (2016) by Cesar Melgar. Image courtesy of the Artist.
Untitled (2016) by Cesar Melgar. Image courtesy of the Artist.
The former Seth Boyden Housing Project is now meant to emphasize new transportation links. The PATH (Port Authority Trans-Hudson) "transit village" will replace the housing complex with Port Authority Board approved funding for PATH rail connection from Newark Penn Station—"providing a one seat connection" from lower Manhattan to Newark Liberty International Airport in Newark's South Ward.
The Hahne, previously an upscale retail center, is now restored after being closed since 1987. The building re-opened in January 2017, financed at $174 million with support from Goldman Sachs, Prudential Financial (roughly $50 million), and Citi Community Capital. The Griffith, home to the former Griffith Piano Company, will soon be a hotel property. A once productive place within Newark shows signs that fabrication attracts a desired reproduction, coming from outside.
Melgar's work is not flat nor fragmented—he holds a way through. I may have met Cesar in my own search for a reality in the urban—something I feel as rural and pushes against such dominant powers. The mechanisms of scale and speed may overshadow life in Newark, but soil moves in and around the structures that obstruct it. In an attempt to make Newark useless, financial powers prove that Newark is exactly what they need.
On some level, the search for reality means there is something increasingly uncomfortable that we feel in cities that are not in decay. There now seems to be hope that consumption will bring the realness. For Melgar, people coming to Newark are "on a quest for authenticity." The search for what is real becomes a search for consumption—a consumption of reality.
SB: Can you talk more about the changes you've seen in Newark? What kind of transformation is happening on Halsey Street? What is the process that you see between decay and development?
CM: As a result of soaring housing costs in the NYC area, redevelopment is underway in Newark—particularly the area around Newark Penn Station, which is the Central and East Wards. There are also projects going on in the other Wards, but the main focus is near the transit hub. Halsey Street, which is historically home to many artists is gentrifying at a rapid pace. Basically, if it is near the train, it's going to get developed. Landmark buildings like the Hahne and the Griffith are coming back to their former glory, before white flight. Recently, the City and Port Authority approved extending the Path Train line into the South Ward, near the airport, which is a very big deal. One of the stations will be built where the Seth Boyden housing projects used to sit.
SB: In your experience, is there a point where decay opens a door for life to emerge? Or, does it tend to lead to a fall, a collapse of life? While living in Newark, I was once told the city is in a kind of "purgatory." I interpret this as something that is held in suspension—tethered to never-ending cycles of development. What do you think?
CM: Decay opens a door for life to emerge only and if only you are able to turn a profit. Vacant buildings that have sat for decades are becoming luxury homes. I don't think the people are in purgatory, some yes. There is an energy here. I think Newark is only in purgatory from a developer's point of view… it is out of stasis now because gentrification is the new global phenomenon. They aren't developing the city out of the goodness of their hearts.
SB: Tell me more about the buildings and spaces you photograph. What's their story? In entering these places, some of which are abandoned, what voice emerges from the Wards (especially the Central and East, which you have documented)?
SB: In The Gulag Archipelago, Solzhenitsyn writes a note about a suitcase: "(I still have that suitcase, and even now when I chance to come upon it, I run my fingers around the hole torn in it. It is a wound which cannot heal as wounds heal on bodies or on hearts. Things have longer memories than people)." What about memory—and decay vs. demolition?
CM: When something is in a state of decay it's there but not really. You see it every day, and you might have experiences tied to that, positive, or negative. When something is truly gone, all you have is a memory, a photo, or a knick knack. Some people have told me there was nothing here before all this development. That's so far from the truth. There were a lot of things here in my youth, it's that it was all leveled to make space for parked vehicles.
SB: Why is Newark important to you? Why do you stay?
SB: Are there ways in which political power doesn't reproduce itself in Newark? Or, if the urban is filled with more urban, are there bound to be cracks?
CM: Where there is man, there will be a crack or two.
SB: You're an interdisciplinary artist. Can you talk more about your work beyond photography, and how it relates to Newark?
CM: Drawing and painting have been my foundation before I started photographing. At this point in my life, my non-photography work is very much still life, and studies. I'm still trying to figure out what I'd like to do with it, and wish to start making a body of work this year. I have made drawings that touch on issues that go beyond Newark such as immigration. There is a particular piece I did years ago that got positive reaction out of people and I think it has taken on a new meaning with the recent election.
SB: Can you tell me about some of the people you've photographed?
CM: Some of the people I have photographed were a result of a random exchange on the street—either they are curious about the camera and what I'm pointing it at, or I am curious about them. However, for the majority of the people I've shot, it is without an exchange. At this moment, I much prefer shooting scenes that have people in them than just straight portraiture. The photos speak more for them than what I can tell you about them.
SB: How do you support the freedom of your art? How do you make a living?
CM: Currently, I hold a job fixing security equipment. It's not taxing on my mind and body and the schedule is flexible enough to allow me to live and make art. I love to fix things so it's like play to me. I'm obsessed with computers—I've been building, breaking, and fixing them since my youth. I also do commercial art (posters, product packaging, and handmade signage).
SB: In what ways is Newark becoming more exclusive? As an artist, how are you sensitive to this?
CM: Gentrification is class exclusive in its very nature. People gentrifying a neighborhood are not going to tolerate or patronize the types of businesses that the indigenous residents are used to. They're not going to send their children to public schools. They're not going to appreciate the Mr. Softee jingle or the House music blasting downtown. You need to curtail culture and sort of "wash" everything. Safety finally needs to be addressed so there is a more aggressive police presence. The infrastructure is being built, Whole Foods, the bike lanes, etc. You're not going to get the dramatic change you want unless the infrastructure newcomers demand is there. There used to be a Starbucks downtown but it did not survive then—another one reopened recently and this time around, it will thrive.
I really feel for people who were here when the things were rough, holding down the fort, who might one day not be able to live here anymore. Don't get me wrong, Newark needs new life, but there must be policies in place to protect small businesses and housing for people who remain here so they too can reap the benefits of redevelopment. There are residual benefits for everyone but at what cost? You can't just replace people and say that—"The city is doing well now. Look at all this progress." I'm not only an artist, but a resident experiencing this, my friends and family are experiencing this.
They're trying to close down the Terrell Homes because it's close to the newly developed Passaic Riverfront. There's money to be made on that land and you're in the damn way. So they'll starve you, they'll starve you of resources, they'll make it unbearable to live there. This is all carefully calculated.
SB: You have mentioned people, especially creative types, are flooding Newark because of lower rents. Newark is cheaper than NYC. It seems that besides being less expensive, there's another interest in narratives—a desire for outsiders to collect narratives—but does this actually touch reality? It seems that this too, gives space to newcomers. Who benefits? How does your work realize Newark and touch reality?
CM: Newark has a very deep and rich history. People are curious about that and many galleries curate shows around the history of Newark. I think it depends on your perspective whether it touches reality or not. Newark has a reputation. That's exciting to some people.
I remember one day while painting a mural on the side of an old building some guy popped out of an abandoned neighbor's home. He was an artist who recently moved to the city, ruffling through the remnants of my neighbor's house, collecting material to build sculptures. What could he possibly say through his sculptures while appropriating the remnants of people that are victims of eminent domain? Sculptors like Kevin Sampson, when traveling to new places, do their research, get to know the community, pay their respect—before acquiring the objects to create their pieces.
Melgar's work is featured in "The 5 Wards"—a group exhibition curated by Akintola Hanif, first opened at City Without Walls, and now on view at the Seton Hall University of Law through April 30, 2017—both in Newark.
More on Cesar Melgar can be found in the Design Observer, "Stalking Brick City" by John Foster.
 The Multiplex Cinema in Ironbound was located at 104 Foundry Street.
 Casagrande, M. (2016). From Urban Acupuncture to the Third Generation City. Journal of Biourbanism, IV(1&2/2015), 29−42.
 Serafini, S. (2016). Walked From the Other Side. Journal of Biourbanism, IV(1&2/2015), 103−104.
 Logie, S. & Morvan, Y. (2014, December 4). (Un)-building the Metropolis: Istanbul at the Age of "Urban Transformation". Noria. Retrieved from http://www.noria-research.com/un-building-the-metropolis-istanbul-in-the-age-of-urban-transformation/#_ftn1 See also Morvan, Y. & Logie, S. (2014). Istanbul 2023. Paris: Les Éditions B2.
 Melgar, C. (2016). Newark. Journal of Biourbanism, IV(1&2/2015), 13.
 See 03 Business & Industry from Strategies and Actions: "02. Downtown." Ibidem, p. 50.
 See "Appendix A: Newark's Downtown Retail Development Strategy." Ibidem, p. 61.
 See "Priority Actions: Strategy 1" for "Retailer Attraction and Tenant Recruitment: 1.1. Proactively target retailers that are active in comparable downtown markets and sub-markets, and demonstrate Newark's market similarities and reasoning that a similar strategy would be successful in Newark." Ibidem, p. 63.
 See "Target Markets" for "Halsey Street: Opportunities and Constraints." Ibidem, p. 62.
 For Seth Boyden (on Frelinghuysen Avenue at Haynes) in Newark's master plan: Our city our future (Vol. 1) see 04 Housing in Strategies and Actions: "03. Rehabilitation" for "Strategy 3.2: Continue to rehabilitate substandard public housing," which states "in 2007, when NHA undertook a comprehensive physical needs assessment of its housing stock, it identified more than $500 million dollars in deferred maintenance costs. Issues range from serious (e.g., leaky roofs, HVAC repairs, elevator service) to longer term (e.g., exterior "spruce ups" and facilities planning). While the agency developed a 20-year capital plan to address these issues, over one third of NHA's housing stock consists of old low-rise units with undersized rooms, poor layouts, and design issues that cannot immediately be rectified with capital improvement funds. Many of these buildings, including those constructed in the 1940s, are in need of total replacement, including Bradley Court, Stephen Crane Villas, Seth Boyden, and others. NHA [Newark Housing Authority] intends to demolish and redevelop these properties as funds become available." Ibidem, p. 87.
 In Newark's master plan: Our city our future (Vol. 1) see 06 Parks & Natural Resources from Strategies and Actions: "01. Neighborhood Parks" for "Strategy 1.5: Employ incentive zoning in target areas (where greater density is encouraged) to involve the private sector in creating public open space" and "02. Regional Parks and Greenways." Ibidem, pp. 141−143.
 See Figure 6.4 "Priority Capital Projects for City-Owned Parks Newark, NJ, 2012−2025." Ibidem, p. 138. Newark Riverfront Park Phase 2 is estimated at $5 million for 4.0 acres.
 See 04 Housing from Strategies and Actions for "Strategy 1.3: Redevelop properties downtown in support of a residential, mixed-income, mixed-use, regional urban center" at "1.3.2 Promote new housing along lands adjacent to McCarter Highway and the Passaic riverfront in the downtown." Ibidem, p. 77.
 See 06 Parks & Natural Resources from Strategies and Actions: "03. Stewardship" for "Strategy 3.2: Ensure sufficient, dedicated funding and resources to maintain parks and recreational facilities," citing the Regional Plan Association's (2009 August) Practices for Newark's Riverfront: "In 2009, one study estimated that annual maintenance and operations for Newark's new riverfront parks (one phase of which is currently under construction) could be expected to cost as much as $80,000 per acre." Ibidem, p. 146.
 See "3.2.2 Explore the use of real estate value recapture mechanisms to create dedicated revenue streams." Ibidem, p. 147.
investigation I–II. (T. P. Whitney, Trans.). (p. 524). New York: Harper & Row.


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For the scouting skills trip the troop ventured to Carver Falls, one of the largest waterfalls in eastern NC, near Fayetteville. The troop was lucky having fairly good weather, the ground only being slightly damp from Thursday's rain. Most scouts slept in tents, although some decided to sleep in an old mill house. This was one of the most fun trips of the year because although, the purpose of the trip was to help scouts advance, and to teach younger scouts about camping. They were also allowed free time where the scouts enjoyed hiking to different viewing points of the waterfall. In the end scouts got many requirements signed off. At the end of the day there was a cooking competition where the patrols had a chance to earn points for the patrol competition. In the end this trip which has been an annual event for three years was again a great success.


Luxuriously Healthy Chocolate Frosting for #SundaySupper - Cinco de Mayo Style! | What Smells So Good?
Luxuriously Healthy Chocolate Frosting for #SundaySupper - Cinco de Mayo Style!
Avocado. It's the original darling child of the "good fat" world, on the list of the World's Healthiest Foods - and for good reason. The majority of the fat in one of these green, leathery eggs has shown promise in fighting arthritis, lowering inflammation, absorb nutrients and decreasing the risk of heart disease! They're also ridiculously high in fibre, vitamin K and B vitamins, and have a buttery texture that would be sorely missed from any Mexican platter or California Roll.
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However, that's avocado au naturale. I've come to realize over the years that if you add chocolate to almost anything it makes it at the very least palatable. So why not try the same with an avocado or two, and turn them into a rich, fudgy filling for my Hazelnut Torte? After all, chocolate goes with hazelnuts, and ripe avocados are very similar to soft butter in texture, so they should make a suitable "buttercream", right?
Right. So right, in fact, it's almost downright wrong to say so - but I'm not the first to turn the Mexican and Californian staple into dessert (or frosting). In fact, the mixture I ended up with was adapted from Giada De Laurentis' Avocado Mousse - just a little less agave, a little more cocoa, and a little touch of vanilla stevia for extra flavour and sweetness. The frosting, after chilling for an hour or so, is pretty remarkable: not only is it added-fat free, there's no refined sugar or any animal products either! Who knew dessert could be so healthy?
This week for #SundaySupper we're all about Cinco de Mayo treats. Cinco de Mayo celebrates the victory of the Mexicans over the French in the Battle of Puebla, and what better reason to dance, eat, drink and party?! Check out the other great goodies from the gang, and be sure to join in our Twitter chat tonight (details below).
Join the #SundaySupper conversation on Twitter tonight to celebrate Cinco de Mayo! We'll tweet throughout the day and share recipes from all over the world. Our weekly chat starts at 7:00 pm EST. Follow the #SundaySupper hashtag, and remember to include it in your tweets to join in the chat. Check out our #SundaySupper Pinterest board for more delicious recipes and food photos.
Combine everything in a food processor and puree until smooth.


We would like to thank Rikel for sharing her photo.
Be sure to check out her Etsy store, 'Savysells' to see more of her projects.
Although this is a basic wine bottle with a string of lights, it's a wonderful first step to a brand new hobby. Keep up the good work Rikel and recycled as many glass bottles into awesome night and accent lights.
Have you made an attempt to create your own bottle crafts? Leave us a comment below.


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text:
Items The Poor Red-Deer Seeking Shelter Amongst The Sheep.
The Poor Red-Deer Seeking Shelter Amongst The Sheep.
The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection
Image ID 822671
Mid-Manhattan Picture Collection
Animals -- Friendship
Wallach Division Picture Collection
Shelf locator: PC ANI-Fri
Content: Written on border: "1880"
Source note: The British workman. S. W. Partridge Co., 1855-).
Dynix: 1731300
Universal Unique Identifier (UUID): f6226720-c534-012f-0f71-58d385a7bc34
The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. "The Poor Red-Deer Seeking Shelter Amongst The Sheep." The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1880. http://digital.gallery.nypl.org/items/510d47e1-4320-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99
The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. "The Poor Red-Deer Seeking Shelter Amongst The Sheep." New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed January 21, 2020. http://digital.gallery.nypl.org/items/510d47e1-4320-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99
The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. (1880). The Poor Red-Deer Seeking Shelter Amongst The Sheep. Retrieved from http://digital.gallery.nypl.org/items/510d47e1-4320-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99
<ref name=NYPL>{{cite web | url=http://digital.gallery.nypl.org/items/510d47e1-4320-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 | title= (still image) The Poor Red-Deer Seeking Shelter Amongst The Sheep., (1880) |author=Digital Collections, The New York Public Library |accessdate=January 21, 2020 |publisher=The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations}}</ref>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Is there a piece of equipment that connects to a wireless network and provides ethernet ports to clients? Is there a piece of equipment that connects to a wireless network and provides ethernet ports to clients?
I have an existing wireless network, and I would like to plug a bunch of machines into a single switch that uses the wireless network as an uplink.
Is this possible, or is this a bad idea? The bandwidth utilization through this link should be negligible.

A: You can use a wireless ethernet bridge. One example is http://www.linksysbycisco.com/US/en/products/WET610N

A: You can do it with commodity wireless router, set in a bridged mode. If the build-in firmware does not support this, you can try some of the opensource firmwares like dd-wrt, openwrt, tomato, etc. Check the hardware support list for these.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
MERCOM CAPITAL GROUP
Inverters & BOS
Tenders & Auctions
Finance and M&A
Floating Solar
AT&C
Uttar Pradesh's New Smart Meter Tender for 4.5 Million Electricity Consumers
Bid-submission deadline is February 13, 2019
Saumy Prateek
Energy Efficiency, Other
In Uttar Pradesh, the Madhyanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited (MVVNL) has issued a tender to set up bi-directional smart meters. The bi-directional smart meters will be set up for each state-owned power distribution company (DISCOM) in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The bid-submission deadline is February 13, 2019.
The entire tender will benefit 4.5 million consumers across all DISCOMs, namely: MVVNL, Dakshinanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited (DVVNL), Purvanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited and Paschimanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited. According to MVVNL, a single bidder can bid for more than one DISCOM and in case a single bidder bids for more than one, they will have to indicate their preference.
The scope of work includes the supply, installation, commissioning, implementation, and operation and maintenance of the bi-directional smart metering solutions. The meters will be installed on build own operate transfer (BOOT) basis and the successful bidders will provide eight years of operation and maintenance services.
Operation and maintenance service contract can be extended by another two years upon mutual agreement.
Uttar Pradesh's power sector has one of the highest aggregate transmission and commercial (AT&C) loss percentages. The state has turned to net-metering to get rid of the scourge of power theft. In November 2018, Uttar Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (UPERC) approved a petition filed by Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd. (UPPCL) regarding the rollout of smart meters in the state.
Recently, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) successfully completed the pilot phase of its satellite-based smart meter project in a village in Varanasi in which 5,000 households received smart meters.
Other states are also turning to smart meters to tackle power theft and to increase their revenue. The Energy Efficiency Service Limited (EESL), a joint venture of the public-sector units of the Ministry of Power and the Government of India, has joined states with many states in the country to facilitate their transition to energy efficient devices.
Saumy is a senior staff reporter with MercomIndia.com covering business and energy news since 2016. Prior to Mercom, Saumy was a copy editor at Thomson Reuters. Saumy earned his Bachelors Degree in Journalism & Mass Communication from the Manipal Institute of Communication at Manipal University. More articles from Saumy Prateek.
DISCOMMVVNLSmart MetersUPERCUttar Pradesh
Maharashtra Proposes Grid Charges on Net Metering Rooftop Solar Systems Over 10 kW
Uttar Pradesh Invites Bids to Build 25 Charging Stations for Electric Buses
Gujarat Commission Approves Tariff of ₹2.80/kWh for Over 202 MW of Wind Projects
UPERC Dismisses Amplus Green's Plea to Term its 50 MW Solar Project as Captive
Uttar Pradesh Approves a Tariff of ₹4.78/kWh to Procure Bagasse-based Power
Uttar Pradesh DISCOM Asked to Deposit Over ₹7 Billion In RPO Regulatory Fund
First Loss Protection Can Open up Third-Party Rooftop Solar Market
PGCIL to Help Madhya Pradesh Set Up Transmission System for 1.5 GW of Solar Projects
UPERC Allows Noida Metro to Install 10 MW of Rooftop Solar Projects with Net Metering
Karnataka: Delayed Rooftop Solar Project's Tariff Reduced to ₹5.20/kWh from ₹9.56/kWh
Jinko's Bifacial Solar Modules Achieve Efficiency of 22.49%
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Mercer Capital › Insights › Articles › Corporate Valuation › Organizing Principles of Business Valuation: The Grapes of Value
Organizing Principles of Business Valuation: The Grapes of Value
After nearly ten years in the business of valuing companies — as a securities analyst at an investment banking firm from 1978 to 1982, and during Mercer Capital's early years — I became a member of the American Society of Appraisers in 1987. During those formative years of my business valuation career, I gradually became aware that consideration of six underlying financial, economic, logical, and psychological principles provide a solid basis for considering valuation questions and issues.
Each of these principles provides a way of looking at the world from a valuation perspective. The combination of the principles, or rather, their integration, provides a logical and consistent framework within which to examine business valuation questions and issues.
These principles need a name for this article to make sense, so let's call them the "Organizing Principles of Business Valuation," or, for short, the "Organizing Principles." The acronym, GRAPES, provides a convenient word to help organize and remember the Organizing Principles, which we will sometimes refer to here (with a tip of the hat to John Steinbeck) as the GRAPES of Value. Here they are used in the manner in which they describe the world we live in, and below they are discussed as principles.
We live in a world that needs to be viewed, from a valuation perspective as being described in terms of the Grapes of Value:
G rowth world
R isk/reward world
A lternative investment world
P resent value world
E xpectational world
S ane, rational and consistent world
The real world may not always conform to all of the Organizing Principles. More concretely, specific situations in the real world may not conform or appear to conform. But there is a congruence between theses principles and the business appraisers' hypothetical world of fair market value. And specific situations in the real world can often be reconciled to the Organizing Principles when we discover which principle has been "violated."
The Organizing Principles provide a mental checklist and form the basis for addressing nearly every business valuation issue. They are, I believe, descriptive of the underlying behavior of public securities markets which, as we will see, form the comparative basis for the valuation of most businesses. The principles also provide an implicit set of standards for testing the rationality or reasonableness of valuation positions advanced by appraisers.
I have used these principles actively for many years, both as an organizing tool for valuation thinking and as a review tool for our own work and that of others.
I didn't consciously articulate the Organizing Principles prior to joining the American Society of Appraisers, but they were firmly established in my thinking by the time I began writing my earliest articles addressed to the business appraisal profession in 1988 and 1989:
"Not So Random Thoughts Regarding the Business of Business Appraisal," BUSINESS VALUATION REVIEW, June 1988, pp. 62-63. This article, which was written in response to an earlier article by John Emory, ASA (who prepares the Emory Restricted Stock Studies).
"Issues in Recurring Valuations: Methodological Comparisons from Year-to-Year," A Letter to the Editor to the BUSINESS VALUATION REVIEW, December 1988, pp. 171-173.
"The Adjusted Capital Asset Pricing Model for Developing Capitalization Rates: An Extension of Previous 'Build-Up' Methodologies Based Upon the Capital Asset Pricing Model," BUSINESS VALUATION REVIEW, December 1989, pp. 147-156. All of the Organizing Principles were present in this article.
In the following sections, we will discuss each of the Organizing Principles. At the conclusion of the article we will see that while each principle is separate, it is their integration that provides for solid understanding of valuation issues.
G – the principle of GROWTH and time
We live in a growing world. Evolution and growth are an integral part of nature, economies, and the business world. Investors look at the world, the economy, and individual businesses with an underlying assumption that growth will occur. Implicitly, growth occurs over time, so we call the growth principle the Principle of Growth and Time. There can, of course, be negative aspects to economic, industrial or business growth. But we live in an economic world where growth is viewed, on balance, as good.
Other things being equal, a growing business is more valuable than a similar business that is not growing. Other things being equal, a business that is growing more rapidly than another, similar business is more valuable than the slower-growing entity. The Growth Principle suggests, in nonmathematical terms, that there is an underlying relationship over time between growth and value.
Appraisers need to focus on relevant aspects of growth as they address appraisal questions — ranging from the world economy, to the national economy, to the regional economy, to a particular industry, to a particular company, or to the facts and circumstances influencing the ownership of a particular business interest.
The principle of growth is often linked, as we will see, to the principle of Expectation. But they are not the same principle.
R – the principle of RISK and REWARD
Life is full of risks and rewards. In the context of life, there is a relationship between risk and reward that has been known for many centuries — long before the development of modern financial and valuation theory.
This relationship is evidenced by the Biblical "Parable of the Talents" (Matthew 25:14-30). In this New Testament parable, there are three servants who, upon the departure of the master, were given stewardship responsibility for resources. One steward received five talents (currency-equivalent units), another two talents, and the third, one talent.
The first servant invested the five talents and grew the master's stake until his return. The second servant invested the two talents and similarly grew the master's stake. The third steward was fearful of loss and buried his talent until the master's return.
When, the master returned, the first servant rendered his report and told the master of his gain. The second servant reported similarly. And the third steward gave the original talent back to the master. The master was pleased with the work of the first two servants. But the third servant, who was not a good steward, was rebuked. The master took away the talent and gave it to the first steward who had handled his responsibilities well.
The "Parable of the Talents" is summarized here, not to make a theological statement (if, indeed I could), but to illustrate that the concept of the relationship between risk and reward has been in existence for thousands of years.
The Principle of Risk/Reward can be summed up in the words of an immortal unknown: "No risk, no blue chips!" This principle is integrated within the Present Value Principle via the factor known as the discount rate, or required rate of return. It is also embodied, implicitly or explicitly when we employ the Principle of Alternative Investments.
A – the principle of ALTERNATIVE investments
We live in an alternative investment world. This Principle of Alternative Investments suggests that investments are made in the context of making choices between or among competing alternatives. When investors make investment decisions, there are almost always choices that must be made. In the public securities markets investors ask questions like: "Should we buy Compaq or Dell or Gateway stock?" "Should we buy large cap or small cap stocks?" "Should we buy stocks or bonds or real estate?"
Already, we can see that by combining principles, we can begin to describe the way the world works. For example, by combining aspects of the Principle of Risk and Reward and the Principle of Alternative Investments, investors make asset allocation decisions regarding their investments.
The Principle of Alternative Investments also is suggestive of the concept of opportunity costs. When resources are deployed to acquire one asset, they are not available to purchase another.
In the valuation of private businesses and business interests, the Principle of Alternative Investments leads to comparing private businesses with similar businesses whose shares (or debt) are publicly traded. When Revenue Ruling 59-60 directs appraisers to make comparisons of a subject enterprise with the securities of similar companies with active public markets, the Principle of Alternative Investments is being invoked.
The public securities markets are massive and active and provide liquid investment alternatives to investments in many privately owned businesses. Business appraisers need to have a thorough working knowledge of these markets in order to provide realistic appraisals of private business interests.
Virtually every appraisal of a minority interest of a private business begins with (or develops as an interim step) a hypothetical value for the company's shares "as if freely traded." In other words, we develop value indications at the marketable minority interest level prior to the application of appropriate marketability discounts.
Perhaps the biggest single shortcoming in the business appraisal profession today is the overall level of understanding of the public securities markets and their relationships to private company values. A number of appraisers have experience as securities analysts with investment banking or money management firms. Others have pursued the Chartered Financial Analyst designation to learn about the public markets. And still others have pursued learning about the public markets through personal study and personal experience.
Unfortunately, far too many appraisers who have entered the business in recent years (or who have been here for years) have, at best, a rudimentary knowledge of how the public securities markets work. While I am jumping the gun on the Principle of Expectations, let me illustrate with a concrete example.
In a recent case, I encountered a nationally-known appraiser (who is an ASA, a CPA, and a CFA — with no securities industry experience). This gentleman wrote a report in which he used guideline companies whose earnings in the current year (trailing 12-months) were significantly down from the prior year(s), but whose estimated earnings for the coming year were much higher. He calculated trailing 12-month earnings multiples for the guideline groups which were inflated relative to the multiples for expected earnings (which he did not provide in his report). He then applied these inflated earnings to his subject companies' trailing 12-month earnings (which, by the way, were expected to be flat or down in nearly every case).
Having demonstrated his lack of understanding of how the public securities work, he nevertheless seemed offended when I criticized his use of the guideline company method and stated that his valuation indications were inflated. A future issue of E-Law will deal with this issue and illustrate the impact of his mistake.
The point of this discussion of the Principle of Alternative Investments is that the principle requires (assumes) that business appraisers are familiar with the public securities markets and capable of making reasonable comparisons of the public and private markets and drawing reasonable valuation inferences.
P — the PRESENT value principle
Stated in its most simple form, the Present Value Principle says that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow. Alternatively, a dollar tomorrow is worth less than a dollar today. Present value is really an intuitive concept that even children understand. Ask any child whether it is better to get a toy today or to get the same toy next week!
When we talk about present value, we really talk about four aspects of investments:
Investments have duration. They exist over time. We forego consumption today (or make a choice among competing alternatives) in order to gain the benefit of the investment over its duration.
We expect investments to grow in value.
Investments are not all the same in terms of their cash flows to the investor.
And investments have different risk characteristics.
The Present Value Principle enables us to compare investments of differing durations, growth expectations, cash flows, and risks. Present value calculations enable us to express the present value of different investments in terms of dollars today and therefore provide a means to make investment or valuation decisions.
Business appraisers use a model known as the Gordon Dividend Growth Model to express the value of a business today. Technically, this model says the following:
VALUE = Dividend x (1 + g) / (k – g)
Value today is the present value of all expected future dividends (cash flows), beginning with the next period from today, divided by (or capitalized by) a discount rate (k) minus the expected growth rate of the Dividend. This model is reflective of an income approach to valuation, and is often expressed as follows:
VALUE = Appropriate Cash Flow / (R – g)
This model reflects a single period income capitalization valuation method commonly employed by business appraisers. The appropriate cash flow might be the net income, the pre-tax earnings, or some measure of cash flow that is expected to be achieved and from which income can grow. The discount rate is developed by comparisons with relevant alternative investments, and the expected growth rate of the cash flow is estimated by the appraiser. Valuation methods flow from present value concepts.
The purpose of our discussion today, however, is simply to note that we live in a present value world. Business appraisers must be intimately familiar with present value concepts and be able to articulate valuation facts and circumstances in a present value context. That is why my HP 12-C calculator travels with me everywhere I go. I'm lost without it in this present value world.
E – the principle of EXPECTATIONS
The example of the Gordon Dividend Growth Model makes it clear that today's value is a function of tomorrow's expected cash flows, not yesterday's performance. This is a simple but often overlooked aspect of valuation.
Appraisers routinely examine a company's historical performance and develop estimates of earning power based on that history. The earnings capitalized may be an average of recent years' earnings, or a weighted average of those earnings. In the alternative, an appraiser might capitalize the current year's earnings or make a specific forecast of expected earnings for next year. The purpose of all historical analysis, however, is to develop reasonable expectations for the future of a business.
We noted the expectational nature of the public securities markets in the example above. The Gordon Model could not be clearer about the expectational nature of valuation. Nevertheless, the Principle of Expectations is one of the most difficult for beginning (and even experienced) appraisers, particularly those with limited public securities market backgrounds, to embrace in practice.
A sidebar to this brief discussion of the role of expectations in valuation relates to the use of unrealistic expectations. One of the most frequent problems seen in appraisal reports today is the use of projected earnings that bear little or no resemblance to those of the past. These projections often lack any explanation of how the rose-colored glasses, through which they view a business, reflect realistic expectations for the future of a business. The projection phenomena just described is so common that it has been given a name — "hockey-stick projections."
S – the principle of SANITY (and Rationality and Consistency)
The Principle of Sanity might have been that of Rationality had another "R" fit into my acronym of GRAPES. But sanity will do.
When I speak to appraisers about the nature of the public securities markets, many are quick to explain to me the many (apparent or real) exceptions to sane, rational or consistent investment behavior. However, while the exceptions are always interesting, what we are discussing is the underlying rationality of the markets operating as a whole.
Many an unthinking investor has been taken to the proverbial cleaners by the investment pitch that "seemed almost too good to be true." It probably was too good to be true. Lying beneath the surface of this comment are implicit comparisons with alternative investments that are sane, rational, or consistent with normal expectations.
Some appraisers are also quick to point out that the markets themselves sometimes behave abnormally or, seemingly, irrationally.
I make observations about the comments of appraisers for a specific reason. Too many of us get caught up in the exceptions and miss the big picture that is played out in the public securities markets. If we can understand the underlying rationality or sanity of the markets, we then have a basis to explain or to understand the seeming exceptions.
The Principle of Sanity should be applied to appraisers as well as markets. Revenue Ruling 59-60, in the paragraph prior to the enumeration of the famous factors that are listed in nearly every appraisal report, suggests that appraisers employ three additional factors — common sense, informed judgment and reasonableness. We call the famous eight factors the Basic Eight factors of valuation. We call the less well-known factors from RR 59-60 the
Critical Three factors of valuation.
The Principle of Sanity (among others) suggests that appraisers need to study the markets they use as valuation reference points (comparables or guidelines). It also suggests that valuation conclusions should be sane, rational, consistent and reasonable.
We employ "tests of reasonableness" in Mercer Capital valuation reports to compare our conclusions with relevant alternative investments or to explain why we believe our conclusions are reasonable. Other appraisers call the same process that of using "sanity checks." Readers of appraisal reports should expect such "proof" of the sanity of the conclusions found in those reports (and often, at critical steps along the way as critical valuation decisions are made).
Concluding Comments
The importance of the Organizing Principles of Business Valuation summarized by GRAPES lies in their integrated consideration by appraisers. A couple of brief examples:
G-rowth. Revenue Ruling 59-60 and common sense tell us to examine the "outlook for the future" of the business, i.e., for its earnings and cash flows.
R-isk/Reward. We examine the history and nature of a business to discern its particular risk characteristics. These characteristics are used in the overall assessment of riskiness, which, as seen in the Gordon model above, impacts value through the discount rate (R) selected.
A-lternative Investments. We compare subject private companies to publicly trade securities because the later represent realistic alternative investments for hypothetical buyers. Conceptually, when we develop a value indication at the "as if freely traded" level, we are developing a hypothetical value. Since the interest is not marketable like the selected guidelines, we then adjust up or down the levels of value hierarchy to develop valuation conclusions at the appropriate level of value.
P-resent Value. The common denominator for comparing alternative or competing investments is found in present value analysis. Value for a business today is, conceptually, the present value of the expected future cash flows of the enterprise discounted to the present at an appropriate discount rate. Value for an illiquid interest in a business is, conceptually, the expected future cash flows attributable to the interest discounted to the present at an appropriate discount rate.
E-xpectations. The market price securities in companies based on expected future benefits. The baseline valuation question is not: "What have you done for me in the past?" Nor is it even: "What can I (reasonably) expect that you will do for me tomorrow?" Valuation is a forward looking or expectational science/philosophy/art/psychology/religion.
S-anity. There is an underlying sanity and rationality and consistency to the public markets that is sometimes difficult to discern. Appraisers who focus on exceptions in the marketplace rather than on underlying logic and rationality are prone to major swings of overvaluation or undervaluation.
Appraisers who have a grasp on the GRAPES of Value have a leg up in the process of developing reasonable valuation conclusions. Attorneys and other advisors to business owners who use the GRAPES of Value as a framework in which to discuss valuation questions can get to bottom-line issues more rapidly and effectively.
(Reprinted from Mercer Capital's E-Law Newsletter, 99-11, July 22, 1999)
Z. Christopher Mercer
Z. Christopher Mercer is the founder and chief executive officer of Mercer Capital.
Learn More ▻
Z. Christopher Mercer, FASA, CFA, ABAR
mercerc@mercercapital.com
Timothy R. Lee, ASA
leet@mercercapital.com
Nicholas J. Heinz, ASA
heinzn@mercercapital.com


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Deep Time Colloquium
Feng, Chunmiao [1], Thomas, David [1], Xiang, Jenny Qiu-Yun [1].
Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Alangiaceae – integrating evidence from DNA sequences, morphology, and fossils.
ALANGIACEAE is a small lineage sister to Cornaceae in the basal asterids clade, Cornales. The family consists of only Alangium with approximately 23 species distributed in tropics and subtropics of the Old World. However, abundant fossil records of Alangium were reported from the early Tertiary of temperate North America, Europe, and Asia. Thus the genus serves as a good model for testing historical migration of plants between temperate and tropical floras. We reconstructed the phylogeny of Alangium using data from DNA sequences, morphology and fossil evidence to evaluate the classification and test biogeographic hypothesis regarding the origin and migration of the genus. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses supported previously proposed four sections within Alangium with sect. Conostigma from SE Asian and southern Pacific islands branching off first, followed by sect. Alangium from SE Asia. The widespread sect. Marlea is sister to sect. Rhytidandra restricted to the southern Pacific islands. Various approaches for phylogenetic analyses including fossils will be explored. Biogeographic hypotheses inferred from DIVA and the new maximum likelihood method that integrates temporal information on lineage divergence and geographic dispersal barriers will be compared. Evolution of important morphological characters will be examined using parsimony and maximum likelihood methods.
1 - North Carolina State University, Department of Botany, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7612, USA
Alangium
Alangiaceae
morphological evolution.
Presentation Type: Symposium or Colloquium Presentation
Location: 206/Performing Arts Center


text:
package com.iluwatar.proxy;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

/**
 * Tests for {@link Wizard}
 */
public class WizardTest {

  @Test
  public void testToString() throws Exception {
    final String[] wizardNames = {"Gandalf", "Dumbledore", "Oz", "Merlin"};
    for (String name : wizardNames) {
      assertEquals(name, new Wizard(name).toString());
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Heard about a beautiful tradition practiced by many tharavaads (traditional homes) in the Kerala of a bygone era. The elderly lady of the house would ensure after dinner each night, that one of the younger women go near the gate & look around for anybody who may be in need of a meal.
She would say this once or twice & in case there was someone hungry, they would be given food.
The family which practiced this would be known in the area so there would also be the regulars waiting for a meal.
It was only after this, that the gates would be closed for the night.
I shot this bird in flight in Kerala…true free spirit.
There is something wonderfully innocent about villagers in India.
They lack the layers of pretension which has become a sort of natural clothing to many of their urban brethren. Having said that I'm an exception of course. Maybe that's because I'm a villager at heart. Okay poor joke.
A villagers curiosity about who you are, where you're from is unabashed & direct. Credential checking.
It's amazing how interested they are in knowing key details…which their urban counterparts would generally refrain from asking due to being diplomatic, politically correct etcetera (not that urban folks are any less curious).
Who are you? Which house are you from? Who are your parents?
Notice there are no extra words to soften it with tact. And this is only the beginning.
In Kerala, for example a lot of importance is placed on the ancestral house name. We generally thrive off the illustriousness of our forefathers & the reputation they left us.
Talking to village folks with their candid style makes you realise that simple is good.
Busy, crowded cities on the one hand ; villages, verdant coconut trees, lush paddy fields, beautiful backwaters on the other. This is Kerala in a nutshell for you.
A variety of experiences beckon travellers here – be it getting close to nature, staying on a Houseboat or just going for a leisurely cruise in the backwaters; a taste of authentic Ayurveda or indulging in the local cultural fare.
While here, be sure to try appam, stew & fried fish with fresh toddy, the local brew!
This is my land. Proud to be a Malayalee, so mind it I say!


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BREAKING: Obamacare Replacement Fails – Repeal-Only Dead Too
18 Jul, 2017 by	Terresa Monroe-Hamilton
Well, it looks like the Republican's replacement for Obamacare has officially failed in the Senate. Many won't agree with me, but I personally think that was a good thing. Then President Trump, Vice President Pence and Mitch McConnell came out and called for a clean repeal of Obamacare. And this is where we see the weasels come to light in the Republican Party. Because if they had truly wanted Obamacare repealed, they would repeal first and take the President's offer of a two-year period to sort out a replacement. But… the repeal-only move is now dead too. That is totally unacceptable. This has to be resolved and I think they can still do it.
Make no mistake here… it's not the true conservatives like Mike Lee, Ted Cruz and Rand Paul who are the bad guys here. It is the progressive RINOs like Lisa Murkowski, Susan Collins and Shelley Moore Capito that are the problem. They were the ones who said they could not stomach a full repeal. And because we have let Democrats pretending to be Republicans in among us, this is the result. A stalemate. Meanwhile, healthcare since Obama dicked with it, has jumped 140 percent. Some people are paying over $1,500 a month in premiums with a monster $6,500 deductible. No one can afford that.
From Bloomberg:
Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell's new proposal to simply repeal Obamacare appears to be dead less than 24 hours after he dropped his replacement plan for lack of support among fellow Republicans.
GOP Senators Susan Collins, Shelley Moore Capito and Lisa Murkowski said Tuesday they'll oppose a repeal of the Affordable Care Act. McConnell said late Monday the Senate would vote on a repeal with a two-year delay to give Congress time to agree on a replacement, but he could afford to lose no more than two Republican votes to advance the measure.
"We'll let Obamacare fail" and then Democrats may want to agree on a replacement, President Donald Trump told reporters at the White House. "I'm not going to own it."
Repealing the law now and then hoping for a replacement "would create great anxiety for individuals who rely on the ACA," said Susan Collins of Maine. "I believe it would cause the insurance markets to go into turmoil." She said she would oppose bringing a repeal bill up for debate. Capito of West Virginia said she would refuse to take up a repeal plan without an adequate replacement as well. "I did not come to Washington to hurt people," she reportedly said. Murkowski of Alaska also said she wouldn't vote to take up a repeal-alone measure. "There's enough chaos and uncertainty already and this would just contribute to it," Murkowski told reporters. All of that is a lie… they want a bailout for the insurance companies.
It's the same three RINOs that have been a thorn in our sides forever and now they are trying to extort the Senate. Isn't it time these three women were booted out of office? Just shameful. Now, Trump will let Obamacare fail before going for a replacement and millions will suffer horrendously because of it. You can't blame the President here… he's doing everything he can to fix this. But you can sure blame those three female RINOs.
Terresa Monroe-Hamilton
Terresa Monroe-Hamilton is an editor and writer for Right Wing News. She owns and blogs at NoisyRoom.net. She is a Constitutional Conservative and NoisyRoom focuses on political and national issues of interest to the American public. Terresa is the editor at Trevor Loudon's site, New Zeal - trevorloudon.com. She also does research at KeyWiki.org. You can email Terresa here. NoisyRoom can be found on Facebook and on Twitter.
More articles by Terresa Monroe-Hamilton


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Kamaladalam () is a 1992 Indian Malayalam-language musical drama film written by A. K. Lohithadas and directed by Sibi Malayil, starring Mohanlal, Murali, Vineeth, Nedumudi Venu, Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair, Monisha, Parvathy Jayaram and Sukumari. The film was produced by Mohanlal through his company Pranavam Arts and features original songs composed by Raveendran with a background score by Johnson. The story was inspired by the Telugu film Sagara Sangamam directed by K. Viswanath.

Plot

Nandagopan is a respected dance teacher at the Kerala Kala Mandiram (alluding to the famed Kerala Kalamandalam repertory, which performs Kerala's temple arts). However, his life turned upside down when his wife Sumangala committed suicide as a result of a heated spat between them, during which Nandagopan challenged Sumangala that he wouldn't care if she died and that he would be much relieved if she were dead. A broken-hearted Sumangala taking his words seriously, alighted herself on fire. Nandagopan's efforts to save her were in vain. Sumangala had once before marriage also attempted suicide. The reason being Nandagopan, unaware of her feelings for him, was preparing to marry someone else. She left a suicide note in which she had written that she was in love with Nandagopan but did not have the courage to reveal her feelings to him and that she can't bear to see him married to another lady. Fortunately she was saved on time, the first time, and Nandagopan married her.

In the film, Sumangala's death is only revealed later to Malavika (Monisha). People start thinking he killed his own wife. Saddened with grief, he becomes alcoholic. He comes every day to Kalamandalam and creates chaos. On one such occasion when he did this the police took him away as the new secretary of the institute, Velayudhan (Nedmudi Venu) wants him to be sacked, but his former reputation gives him a reprieve. Once when he commented on Malavika's dance, she feels very bad and started thinking bad on him. Meanwhile, Soman (Vineeth) is in love with Malavika.

A few days later, the institution decides Malavika's Arangettam is to be performed. On the day of the performance, Nandagopan decides to test her focus and creates chaos, she immediately stops and the whole Arangettam is gone. Later, when the students strike, when he debates and apologises, they are satisfied. One day when Malavika asks him to stop drinking, he tells her his story, he had specially composed Sita Ramayana for his wife and now she is dead. Determined, Malavika decides to perform it.

Meanwhile, while the closeness of the guru and Shishya increases, there are many rumours. Soman tries to kill at first but he fails. On the day Malavika's program he mixes pesticide powder in a drink and is shocked when his brother tells there is nothing wrong between guru and Shishya and they have blessed him. He is filled with grief and confesses the truth to his brother. They both are literally frightened and see the drink bottle in principal, Malavika and Nandagopan's hands. Initially, it reaches to Nandagopan. And during the last scene his mouth is full of blood and everyone is horrified, but he compels the program to be completed. Soon the program is completed and he falls down into the arms of Soman and Malavika and he dies, imagining Sumangala calling him to her.

Cast

 Mohanlal as Nandagopan, a respected dance teacher at the Kerala Kala Mandiram
 Monisha as Malavika Nangyar, A talented dance student at the Kerala Kala Mandiram
 Parvathy Jayaram as Sumangala, Nandagopan's wife
 Vineeth as Somashekharanunni, Malavika's lover
 Murali as Madhavanunni, Somashekharanunni's elder brother
 Oduvil Unnikrishnan as Ravunni Nambeesan Aasan, Malavika's father and Principal of Kerala Kala Mandiram
 Nedumudi Venu as Velayudhan, Secretary of Kerala Kala Mandiram
 Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair as Director of Kerala Kala Mandiram (as Himself)
 Sukumari as Dance Teacher at Kerala Kala Mandiram
 Bindu Panicker as Madhavanunni's wife
 Mamukoya as Kala Mandiram Hydrose, Nandagopan's friend
 Kozhikode Shantha Devi as Nandagopan's mother
 Santhakumari as Malavika's mother
 Kozhikode Narayanan Nair as Nadagopan's uncle
 Valsala Menon as Dance Teacher at Kerala Kala Mandiram
 Bobby Kottarakkara as Mridangam Teacher at Kerala Kala Mandiram
 Kunchan as Sankaran, a staff at Kerala Kala Mandiram
 Alummoodan as Theatrical troupe owner
 Nandhu as student at kala mandiram
 Yadu Krishnan
 Suma Jayaram as Maya, cameo role in Nandagopan's "Pennukanal"

Soundtrack

The acclaimed soundtrack of this movie was composed by Raveendran, for which the acclaimed lyrics were penned by Kaithapram and Alaipayuthey by Oothukkadu Venkatasubba Iyer.

Release

Reception
The film was a critical and commercial success. The film had a 150-day run in Kerala. The performances of Mohanlal, Parvathy, Vineeth and Monisha were well received. It was one of the last films acted by Monisha before her death. This film was one of the biggest hits in Parvathy's career.

Awards

 Kerala Film Chamber Award

 Best Music Director - Raveendran
 Best Male Playback Singer - K. J. Yesudas

References

External links

 Kamaladalam at BizHat

1992 films
Films scored by Raveendran
1990s Malayalam-language films
Indian musical drama films
Films shot in Thrissur
Pranavam Arts International films
Films directed by Sibi Malayil
Films with screenplays by A. K. Lohithadas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Both heaters arrived for the 125 gallon aquarium. Fully submersible (I wouldn't but anything else), and they look to be the quality I expected, with one exception: one of the tops of the heater looked to be popped out, so I popped it back in. I sure hope this does not affect the waterproofing of the heater.
These are Eheim 300 watt heaters. I always use at least two heaters for redundancy and better heat circulation.
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The Pantone Universe licensing program provides innovative designers and manufacturers with a way to produce Pantone branded products and merchandise using the iconic Pantone Colour Chip as it's inspiration.
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Manuel Díaz Vélez (Buenos Aires, 8 de agosto de 1785 - id. 20 de mayo de 1813) fue un teniente del Regimiento de Granaderos a Caballo que fuera creado por el coronel José de San Martín. Murió a raíz de heridas sufridas en el combate de San Lorenzo, durante las guerras de la independencia argentina.

Familia

Nació en Buenos Aires, capital del Virreinato del Río de la Plata, el 8 de agosto de 1785. Fue el octavo hijo del matrimonio celebrado entre Francisco José Díaz Vélez y María Petrona Aráoz Sánchez de Lamadrid.

Entre algunos de sus hermanos se encontraban el doctor José Miguel Díaz Vélez, y el general Eustoquio Díaz Vélez. de destacada carrera militar.

Estaba casado con Lorenza Real.

Biografía
Iniciadas las acciones militares contra los realistas intervino en el asalto y toma de la Isla de Ratas, en la Bahía de Montevideo, en la noche del 15 de julio de 1811 bajo el mando de Juan José Quesada, Capitán de Dragones de la Patria.

A raíz de la orden del Primer Triunvirato que encargó a José de San Martín la formación de un cuerpo especial de caballería llamado Regimiento de Granaderos a Caballo, ingresó como teniente de la Segunda Compañía del Tercer Escuadrón del Regimiento, el 22 de diciembre de 1812, cuando ya se comenzaba a hablar sobre la defensa de las costas del litoral de los ataques navales de las huestes realistas que partían desde Montevideo.

Cuando el Regimiento de Granaderos a Caballo fue movilizado hacia Santa Fe, Manuel Díaz Vélez marchó con él.

El 3 de febrero de 1813 se produjo el bautismo de fuego del Regimiento de Granaderos a Caballo, comandado por San Martín, librándose el Combate de San Lorenzo, el que resultó ser una victoria para las armas de los rioplatenases.

El combate fue librado entre 120 granaderos que vencieron a dos líneas de infantería de 250 españoles al mando del comandante Antonio Zabala. Díaz Vélez fue el segundo oficial del flanco izquierdo del ataque (el segundo escuadrón de granaderos), comandado por el capitán Justo Germán Bermúdez a quien apoyaban también el alférez Mariano Necochea y el sargento Domingo Porteau, respectivamente. Este segundo escuadrón tenía como finalidad empujar a los españoles hacia el río Paraná, acción que se logró exitosamente a costa de la vida de Bermúdez, Díaz Vélez y Porteau.

El capitán Bermúdez fue herido por una esquirla de cañón en su pierna izquierda, por cuyo caso quedó fuera de combate.

Accidente en combate
Durante la tercera carga del combate, arrebatado por su entusiasmo y el ímpetu de su caballo, se despeño de la barranca, por ley de inercia, y al plantarse en seco su caballo, ante la proximidad de la barranca, recibió en su caída un balazo en la frente y dos bayonetazos en el pecho, quedando fuera de combate y gravemente herido, fue capturado por los realistas.

El general San Martín logró canjearlo por otros prisioneros, y tras ser liberado, fue asistido en la localidad de San Lorenzo. Recibió la atención espiritual del padre Julián Navarro -que estaba ejerciendo su apostolado en Rosario- y médica, por parte del santafesino Manuel Rodríguez y el porteño Francisco Cosme Argerich, quien, sobrellevando un viaje en carruaje a Buenos Aires, lo trasladó a Buenos Aires.

San Martín, en una misiva del 2 de marzo de 1813 dirigida al portaestandarte Ángel Pacheco le escribió

No logró sobreponerse a las gravísimas heridas y murió días después en Buenos Aires, el 20 de mayo de 1813.

San Martín, como lo hizo con el resto de su tropa, pidió al gobierno que se ampare a la familia de Díaz Vélez, haciendo efectivo su pedido el 22 de mayo.

Su viuda, que quedó viuda con seis meses de embarazo, fue compensada por la Asamblea del Año XIII, el 1.º de junio de 1813, con una pensión de veinticinco pesos.

Referencias

Militares patriotas de la guerra de la Independencia argentina
Fallecidos por heridas de combate
Porteños
Militares nacidos en Buenos Aires
Familia Díaz Vélez


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Q: Menu item hover effects and sublist hovering I have problem with menu item hover effects.
At first, I have four images here:
http://www.upload.ee/image/3408064/abi.png
It is wordpress site and this menu is generated and managed by wordpress menus.
In first image, you can see menu in left side.
Grey uppercase items are main items and by clicking them appears sublist with blue text and white background.
hovering sublist item will act like in second image (another sublist appears)
Here comes the problematic part. When i move cursor to appearing sublist, parent item hover effect dissapears, like in third image.
I want the parent hover effect to stay, when i move to sublist.
Like in last image...
Here is my current script for sublist apperaing while hovering parent sublist item:
jQuery(function () {
    jQuery('.left-sidebar li li').hover(function () {
        jQuery(this).children('ul').slideDown(1);
    }, function () {
        jQuery(this).children('ul').fadeOut(1);
    });
});

and here is main item click action script for first submenu appearence:
jQuery(function () {
    jQuery('.left-sidebar li').click(function () {
        jQuery(this).children('ul').slideDown(300);
    }
});

Here is jsfiddle: jsfiddle.net/TBRgu Some background styles are missing, but it doesn't matter.

A: Live demo: http://jsfiddle.net/TBRgu/2/
Change this:
.left-sidebar .box  li li a:hover

To this:
.left-sidebar #menu-kutsemeistrivoistlused > li > ul > li:hover > a

Change the width as below:
.left-sidebar .box  li li li a{
    background: none;
    padding-left: 4px;
    width: 186px; /* changed from 165px */
    border:0;
}


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Independent record label Fake Four founder Ceschi Ramos is serving an 18 month sentence on a questionable marijuana charge. After his family was threatened and he was forced to give a coached statement by police he ended up going to court for years. In the end he has taken a reasonable plea bargain compared to the 5-7 years he was facing. Right now the stability of Fake Four is being threatened by Ceschi's situation & the exorbitant amount of legal fee debt that has been accumulated.
I had honour to collaborate with Ceschi producing the beat for Nomadic Wax's "Super MC" f. Omar Offendum, Lou Piensa (Nomadic Massive), Jarabe Del Sol, M.O.A. (Jmni), Outspoken, Hadjii and Dj Boo. I do love Ceschi's style and I think it's one of the most innovative out there.
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Question 1. Your paper is about the effect of indirect relationships on the success of acquisitions in the global advertising industry, moving beyond an analysis of average effects by explaining the variation in acquisition outcomes. You operationalized indirect relationships by analyzing clients in common between the acquiring and the acquired firms, but in your paper you also mention other types of indirect ties such as shared suppliers and service providers as well as the hiring of each other's employees. Each of these types of indirect ties leads to different information flows between the firms, which brings us to a general question. Since not knowing the exact content of a tie is a common challenge that network studies encounter, what would be your advice to budding network scholars in selecting the most theoretically relevant ties?
Observing tie content is a challenge in most network studies, but observational challenges typically inform the choice of empirical context but not theory. In our study, we developed arguments for when indirect ties would affect partner choice and subsequently harm performance in mergers. The arguments could apply to a range of types of ties. Our archival data allowed us to clearly and accurately observe the client ties of merging firms, and so we used these for our empirical tests. An area for future research would be additional empirical work testing the theory on different types of ties like employee relationships or supplier relationships.
Question 2. In the paper you analyze both the emergence and retention of network ties. In the first case, you analyze whether a firm is acquired (tie here is defined as acquisition) conditional on clients in common. In the second case, you evaluate whether a client will sever their relationship with the acquired or acquiring firm as a result of a merger. A major challenge for organizational network scholars is analyzing network mechanisms without ignoring the complexity and dynamism of social networks. Both of you have written on such topics as multiplexity and network dynamics. Rogan (2014), for example, describes how multiplex ties between two firms, in which one firm provides multiple services to the other, reduce the loss of clientele following executive departure. Sorenson et al. (2006) explain how moderately complex knowledge diffuses more slowly to socially distant actors. What needs to change in organizational theory to account for these perspectives? How would you describe a new science of organizational networks?
I don't think that organizational theory needs to change to account for these perspectives, but clearly opportunities exist for extending theory by investigating networks taking into account the complexity and dynamism of networks. Fortunately a number of scholars are conducting research in these areas like Maxim Sytch, Andrew Shipilov, and Jason Davis to name a few. Networks research is also taking a multi-level focus. For example, as described in a paper Olav and I co-authored in ARS in 2014, research has begun to recognize that the ties we observe between organizations in many cases are actually maintained and controlled by individuals. This has implications for the retention of exchange partners when individuals leave.
Finally, more studies that acknowledge the endogeneity of networks are needed. On one hand, endogeneity is an issue that requires econometric attention. Adam Kleinbaum's 2012 paper in ASQ is a great example of this and he goes to great lengths to deal with the endogeneity of networks of employees in his setting. However, endogeneity also merits theoretical attention. Understanding when an organization's current ties affect the formation or dissolution of its future ties (as in this paper) is an important part of network theory. For example, a study that considers both exogenous and endogenous mechanisms of network evolution is Rosenkopf and Padula's 2008 Organization Science article.
Question 3. In order to evaluate the performance of merged entities following acquisition, you measure client retention and billings per client. You explain that cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) and return on assets (ROA) are not appropriate metrics for an industry dominated by privately owned firms with few assets. Performance appears to sometimes be a vague concept that can be measured in a variety of ways depending on industry, organizational age, and other distinctive factors. Thus, the choice of performance metric can sometimes be a contentious issue. How do you recommend scholars select the best metrics for firm performance, given an array of alternatives?
Your choice of performance metrics should be guided primarily by your empirical context and theory but also by the precedent set in prior literature. We used the metrics that the advertising industry looked to – annual billings and client retention. And these were validated by the interviews of executives in the industry we conducted. Furthermore, as noted in the paper, performance metrics for publicly traded asset heavy firms did not make sense in our empirical context. As you note, performance is a broad concept. So it is worth thinking carefully about the performance outcomes suggested by your theory, i.e. whether short-term financial performance is the right measure or if you should consider other measures such as new tie formation, new product introductions, patents, efficiency gains, and so on.
A rich area for research is investigation into the performance trade-offs individuals and organizations experience. Often an action that improves performance in the near term can have negative long term benefits. It is also important to consider the processes that give rise to performance differences and how biases in these processes can lead to false inferences about the causes of performance. Olav's 2006 ASQ with Dave Waguespack is a wonderful example of research in this line.
Question 4. You acknowledge compelling reasons to acquire firms with clients-in-common, including information access and trust. Despite these potential explanations, you find that acquisitions of firms with clients-in-common negatively impacts performance of the merged firm. Given your findings, when might a merger actually benefit from common clients?
The pattern of results in our study suggests that the negative performance effects occurred because common client ties constrained the acquirer's search and so they may have selected lower quality targets than if they had searched more broadly. So a merger could benefit from common clients if the common client ties provided the benefits of information access and trust without the constrained search. Some firms in the advertising industry use search firms when seeking targets, however, I expect that the likelihood that an acquirer would use these search firms is lower when it already has connections to potential targets via indirect ties, and so the adverse selection problem would persist.
Clearly in instances in which search costs are very high for acquirers, then searching through common clients could make sense in the near term. The savings in search costs might offset (in part) the lower performance of these mergers. Yet, over the long term, the costs of lower post-merger performance would likely overshadow the search costs savings.
Question 5. This paper does a great job of linking the macro context with micro social-psychological mechanisms; what advice do you have for effectively integrating macro empirics and micro behavioral foundations/mechanisms?
The best approach is to seek empirical tests at the macro level that provide a pattern of results consistent with the micro-behavioral mechanisms you propose. Identify the conditions under which the relationship you propose should strengthen and weaken if your arguments are valid and then conduct the empirical tests to demonstrate this. For example, we argued that the reason acquirers would prefer potential targets to which they were indirectly tied was uncertainty reduction. We then were able to show that the preference for indirectly tied targets increased when uncertainty was higher, i.e. when the target was more geographically distant, and decreased when uncertainty was lower, i.e. when the target served clients in the same industries.
Your question brings to mind one of my biggest frustrations as a reader and reviewer – reading papers that include several hypotheses that are disconnected in which the "whole is not worth more than the sum of its parts". Studies with one or two interesting hypotheses and several related tests to support them tend to be much more elegant and impactful. Hedstrom and Swedberg's writings on Social Mechanisms (1996 article and 1998 book) are worth (re)reading to understand a mechanisms-based approach to social theory.


text:
U.S. launches criminal probe into alleged chicken price fixing by Tyson, rivals
FILE PHOTO: Tyson food meat products are shown in this photo illustration in Encinitas, California May 29, 2014. REUTERS/Mike Blake
(Reuters) - The U.S. Department of Justice has begun a criminal probe into allegations that Tyson Foods Inc and other poultry processors including Pilgrim's Pride Corp and Sanderson Farms Inc colluded to fix poultry prices, court documents show.
The DOJ filed a motion to intervene and stay discovery of evidence in an antitrust lawsuit involving the companies and has convened a grand jury to investigate, according to a court filing from Friday.
Shares of Tyson, Pilgrim's Pride and Sanderson Farms fell in late afternoon trading.
U.S. food distributors have filed lawsuits against Tyson and other poultry processors, alleging that the companies had colluded since 2008 to reduce output and manipulate prices.
"The civil plaintiffs' claims as to Sanderson Farms are wholly without merit, and we are committed to defending the case vigorously," Sanderson Farms said, adding it has not been subpoenaed in connection with the DOJ investigation.
Pilgrim's Pride Corp, which is mostly owned by Brazilian meat packer JBS SA, said it did not fix prices.
"Pilgrim's strongly denies any allegations of anti-competitive conduct," spokesman Cameron Bruett said. "The company welcomes the opportunity to defend itself against these claims through the legal process."
Tyson, which has previously denied the allegations, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Reporting by Uday Sampath in Bengaluru


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The Shirley Wormser Professorship in Journalism and Media Writing
Department of English CWRU
Professor, Associate, Professor, Full
The English Department at Case Western Reserve University invites applications for the Shirley Wormser Professorship in Journalism and Media Writing to begin in fall 2023. The department seeks a distinguished teacher-scholar, with a national reputation, for an appointment at the level of associate or full professor. Rank will be commensurate with experience. A master's or doctoral degree is required, along with a substantial record of publication in appropriate media.
The department is especially interested in writers with experience in audio and visual journalism. Areas of expertise may include racial justice, environmental writing, science writing, travel writing, disability studies, investigative journalism, journalistic ethics, sports journalism, political and economic journalism, and global and international journalism.
A successful candidate will have experience generating transformative initiatives that focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion; a commitment to innovative pedagogies; and an ability to lead students through a broad range of curricular offerings. Candidates should have an interest in developing and enhancing community partnerships in the Cleveland area.
Minimum Qualifications: MA or PhD in English, Journalism, Media Studies, Communication, or a related field.
Responsibilities & Duties: Teaching load is two courses a semester. Other responsibilities include ongoing research, scholarship, and publication; and service at the departmental, college, and university levels.
How to Apply: Apply to this position at: http://apply.interfolio.com/115016. Applications received by November 30th, 2022 will be given first consideration; the position will remain open until filled. Candidates should submit 1) a cover letter, 2) a curriculum vitae, 3) a research statement, 4) a teaching statement that includes evidence of effective teaching, 5) a publication or writing sample, 6) a diversity statement, and 7) a list of three references. The one-page diversity statement should explain how one's research, teaching, and/or service have contributed to diversity, equity and inclusion within a scholarly field(s) and/or how individual and/or collaborative efforts have promoted structural justice inside and outside institutions of higher learning. This statement should also reflect on the ways in which the candidate's continued efforts will foster a culture of diversity, pluralism, and individual difference at Case Western Reserve University. Please provide teaching evaluation data, if available, or other relevant materials demonstrating excellence in teaching. General inquiries regarding this position should be sent to Prof. Michael Clune, Search Committee Chair, at mwc33@case.edu.
About Case Western Reserve and the English Department: CWRU is an independent research university located in Cleveland's University Circle, a square mile urban district of cultural, medical, educational, religious, and social service institutions. We enroll over 12,000 undergraduate and graduate/professional students in both liberal arts and professional/technical disciplines. The English department includes undergraduate and graduate offerings in literature, creative writing, and rhetoric that complement our undergraduate offerings in film, linguistics, and journalism. It also includes the Writing Program, which oversees the university's first-year academic writing curriculum and includes a substantial Writing Resource Center that serves all CWRU writers, including undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, and staff. The department is also home to Writers House, a gathering place for writers that supports community programming, craft workshops, and the New Gutenberg Annex, which is a moveable type print lab and book arts workshop.
EEO Statement: In employment, as in education, Case Western Reserve University is committed to Equal Opportunity and Diversity. As a recipient of the national Higher Education Excellence in Diversity (HEED) award for the past ten years, CWRU has been recognized nationally as a leader in advancing equity and inclusivity. The university and the College of Arts & Sciences at CWRU are committed to creating an inclusive community where all are welcome, valued and heard. Women, veterans, members of underrepresented minority groups, and individuals with disabilities are encouraged to apply.
Case Western Reserve University strives to maintain a diverse and inclusive work environment. All applicants are protected under Federal law from discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, age and genetics.
Case Western Reserve provides reasonable accommodations to applicants with disabilities. Applicants requiring a reasonable accommodation for any part of the application and hiring process should contact the Office of Equity by phone at 216.368.3066 or by email at equity@case.edu. Determinations as to granting reasonable accommodations for any applicant will be made on a case-by-case basis.
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