In case you've been living under a rock that doesn't even have wifi, you've probably heard that Prince Harry has found a new lady love in this chick named Meghan Markle.
But who is she? What's her story? Where did she come from?
1. She's an American actress.
Meghan was born and raised in L.A., and while she's got several film and television credits to her name, she's best known for playing Rachel Zane on Suits.
Meghan graduated from Northwestern University, where she double-majored in International Relations and Theatre. International relations … like the kind she has with Prince Harry, eh? Eh?
3. She does a lot of humanitarian work.
Meghan's worked in Rwanda for the Clean Water Campaign, she presented for a gender equality at the United Nations Headquarters, and she's traveled to Afghanistan on a USO tour. Seems like she'd be a great fit for the royal family, huh?
4. Her father is famous, too!
Well, in a way — her dad, Thomas Markle, worked as a cinematographer and lighting director for such classic shows as Married with Children, The Facts of Life, and General Hospital.
5. She's an animal lover.
Meghan has two rescue dogs, Bogart and Guy, and she loves them very much. Can you blame her?
6. Seriously, she loves her dogs.
Did this photo just make your heart grow three sizes, Grinch-style? Of course it did.


A collaboration with Budweiser and a donation to Pups for Patriots highlights a busy year.
Coleman Natural Foods is an iconic brand in the meat industry as a pioneer in organic and antibiotic-free meats. Budweiser is an iconic brand in the beer industry and is one of the most recognizable brands in the food and beverage market. Together, the companies are embarking on a highly anticipated line of natural meat products, called Budweiser BBQ Collection by Coleman Natural. The new products will be available nationwide in local grocery stores starting early this summer.
"Budweiser was looking to get into brand extension, and they were looking for clean meats. The two companies kind of came together," explains Mel Coleman Jr., founding family rancher and Chairman of Coleman Natural Foods.
He adds that the two companies both share a long history.
"Budweiser was founded [around] 1879, and Coleman Ranch, our family ranch, was founded a year before Colorado became a state, in 1875," he says.
The five new products include barbeque and grilling items: St. Louis Style Pork Spareribs in full and half racks, Pulled Pork, Jalapeno Cheddar Brats and Beer Brats. The St. Louis Style Pork Spareribs and Pulled Pork are drenched in Budweiser sauce, and the Jalapeno Cheddar Brat and Beer Brats are made with Budweiser American lager.
Coleman calls the collaboration between the two brands as "fun." The company is also working on an effort with American Humane, the group that certifies the humane handling efforts of Coleman's producers. American Humane has been an organizer behind Pups for Patriots, a program that trains shelter dogs and partners them with veterans in need of a canine companion.
Coleman is committed to donate $800,000 to Pups for Patriots over the next three years. The company has seen first-hand the benefits that the program can provide.
"We have a young man who served who works in our company, and he has a dog. He went through some traumatic trials in the war and lost some of his buddies. This dog has really helped him become not only a great man but also a super productive employee and associate," says Coleman.


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SF Insider > neighborhood food > What Are the Best Restaurants Near Laguna Honda Hospital?
What Are the Best Restaurants Near Laguna Honda Hospital?
CC0/cattalin/Pixabay
What Are the Most Unique Twin Peaks Bars for Drinks?
Where Are the Delicious Brunch Spots Near Twin Peaks?
Located in San Francisco's Twin Peaks neighborhood, Laguna Honda Hospital and Rehabilitation Center sits on 62 acres in the center of the city. It's one of the largest skilled-nursing facilities in the country, and it dates back to 1866 when it was created just to provide medical care for those who came to San Francisco for the Gold Rush. Today, it provides care for people with problems ranging from Alzheimer's disease to HIV/AIDS, which means hundreds of employees, patients and patients' families are in and out each day. Luckily, there are several great restaurants within a quick drive from Laguna Honda.
Sushi Shoh
Sushi Shoh is not only one of the best restaurants near Laguna Honda, but it's also the closest. Literally across the street, where Laguna Honda Boulevard turns into Dewey Boulevard, Sushi Shoh is a small, quiet place where guests can enjoy a modern take on Japanese cuisine. The menu includes an extensive selection of noodle soups, and, of course, plenty of sushi. The restaurant also delivers within a four-mile radius.
Crepevine
San Francisco is home to numerous crepe restaurants, and one of the most popular choices for locals is the small chain Crepevine. Located on Irving Street, about a mile from the hospital, this family-friendly eatery serves up savory and sweet crepes made from healthy, fresh and local ingredients. Other items on the menu include pasta, sandwiches, egg dishes, pancakes and salads. There are just under a dozen Crepevine locations in the Bay Area.
Firefly Restaurant
Firefly Restaurant is about a mile and a half east of the hospital on 24th Street, and there's even a bus route that will take patrons right to it from Laguna Honda. According to the restaurant the management has two goals: sustainable ingredients and good times. The menu changes regularly, but it's always filled with slightly elevated dishes of favorite home-style meals, like pork chops, fried chicken and seafood. Firefly also offers an extensive wine list.
Located next to Sushi Shoh, ChouChou is a quaint little French bistro that's perfect for a casual yet intimate lunch or dinner. The menu is filled with classic French dishes, and don't forget to check out the wine list. The dessert menu is also a must-see with items like creme brulee, tarts and chocolate mousse.
Submarine Center
There's nothing fancy about Submarine Center on Ulloa Street, but it's just a five-minute drive or a 15-minute walk from Laguna Honda. It serves up handmade sub sandwiches seven days a week. The hot pastrami is one of its most popular menu items, but guests can choose from dozens of subs and gourmet sandwiches. Order online and have food delivered, or pick it up and enjoy it at one of the few tables inside the restaurant.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Initially, research in border studies relied mainly on generalizations from cases in the US-Mexico borderlands before subsequently burgeoning in Europe. Border Politics in a Global Era seeks to expand the study further to include the post-colonial South in response to the major challenge of interdisciplinary border studies: to explore borderlands in many contexts, with and across a variety of states, including the so-called developing, post-colonial states.
Culled from decades of firsthand observations of borders from around the world and written with a critical and gender lens, the text is framed with attention to history, geography, and the power of films and travelogues to represent people as "others." Professor Kathleen Staudt advances border concepts, categories, and theories to focus on trade, migration, and security highlighting the importance of states, their length of time since independence, and border bureaucrats' discretionary practices. Drawing on her Border Inequalities Database for a global perspective, Staudt calls for reducing inequalities and building institutions in the common grounds of borderlands. The book features maps and other visuals with lists of links at the close of most chapters.
Kathleen Staudt, Professor of Political Science and Endowed Professor of Western Hemispheric Trade Policy Studies at the University of Texas at El Paso, has been teaching and researching in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands for over thirty years. Among her various books, ten focus on borders, the last of which (with Zulma Méndez) is titled Courage, Resistance, and Women in Ciudad Juárez: Challenges to Militarization (University of Texas Press, 2015). Staudt founded UTEP's Center for Civic Engagement and is active in many non-governmental organizations.
This is a fascinating book on borders and borderlands. International in scope and drawn from years of fieldwork and firsthand experience, Kathleen Staudt analyzes the ways that the border and enforcement powers of the state shape and distort the lives of those caught within its spheres of influence. Multi-disciplinary in its methodology, Staudt presents a lucid portrayal of border politics through the lens of nationality, gender, security, culture, race and economics. It is an outstanding achievement that combines accessibility with a deep social science analysis.
Border Politics in a Global Era is the most ambitious project of its kind and a must-read for border observers and scholars. Through a critical perspective, a focus on gendered research and more than thirty-five years of lived experience, Kathleen Staudt captures the reality of borders, borderland spaces and borderlanders throughout the world. This book offers a pioneering approach to border studies by drawing on multiple disciplines and including the post-colonial South and maritime borders with a focus on reducing inequalities and building institutions. Advancing new border categories and innovative theoretical perspectives, it highlights the importance of greater equity and freedom of mobility across borders, and it views immigration as an opportunity rather than a burden. Staudt's perspective advocates progressive practices "that move societies toward more open and cooperative borders as metaphoric bridges, rather than closed and conflictual borders as barriers.
This impressive book by a prominent political scientist and border scholar significantly expands our understanding of state, social, and cultural dynamics in territorial and maritime binational regions around the world. Staudt ably investigates numerous borderlands, examining in depth state frontier policies as well as human experiences. She highlights how such forces as federal and local institutions, border controls, migration, trade, economic inequality, gender, language, and education have impacted border populations, particularly in Europe, South Asia, and North America. One of the most attractive features of the book is Staudt's skillful use of films to bring to light the challenges confronted by border people. Highly recommended for academic and general audiences.
Drawing from decades as a social activist and scholar with first-hand experiences in diverse regional sites and border struggles, Staudt has produced an analysis of border politics that is unprecedented to date. Her approach to understanding the complex dynamics of border politics crosses disciplinary borders, methodological approaches, and levels of analysis. Chapters flow easily from historical constructions of borders with attention to colonialism, indigenous peoples, and local case studies to broad-based examination of global inequalities, maritime borders, environmental security, popular culture, and policy approaches developed by non-governmental organizations. Her concluding chapters emphasize the diversity of social movements focused on border politics and highlight the challenges activists face in resisting oppressive state policies and surveillance. Given the contemporary relevance of these themes, Staudt encourages the reader to ponder many more questions than can be answered at this time. This is exactly what we expect from a scholar tackling a topic of such importance in an ever-changing geopolitical, environmental, and social context. This book is truly a tour de force.
Border Politics in a Global Era shares a lifetime of research, observation, travels, analysis, work, and life in border regions. Unique in its multidisciplinary approach, this text provides insights into history, gender, geography, policy, sociology, and culture culled from academic research, firsthand accounts, maps, and films. Through this comprehensive approach, Staudt brings to life the borders where people live, prosper, struggle, and die. I recommend anyone interested in the impacts of globalization and/or borders to read this remarkable contribution.
Broadly comparative in nature, Border Politics in a Global Era will appeal not only to students of border studies; it will also stimulate attention in comparative politics, international studies, and political geography.


Coastal Defence Scheme now complete!
A £5 million coastal defence project designed to reduce flood risk to over 1,700 Hayling Island homes was successfully completed on 11th November 2013.
Funding was secured through the Environment Agency to design and implement coastal flood and erosion risk management at Eastoke Point, Hayling Island. HR Wallingford were commissioned to develop the Eastoke Point Coastal Defence Study in 2009 which was used to develop the detailed design for the scheme.
The scheme involved the construction of over 650m of rock revetment and four new rock groynes using 70,000 tonnes of Norwegian rock. 25,000 tonnes of shingle were also imported and used to raise the profile of the beach, combating rising sea levels.
Improvements were made to the existing sea wall and promenade, including a new ramp and steps at Nutbourne Road and Bosmere Road, facilitating year-round access to the beach.
1,700 residential properties on the south east of the island are now at reduced risk of flooding over the next 100 years!
Please visit the related links section on this page for more information.
2 time lapse videos of the construction of the defence are available below, showing east and west views of the project as it progressed.


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Tracking pixels, building blocks of Internet surveillance, explained
The Internet has changed life in ways so profound that it's easy to lose sight of their full extent. We've built a new, digital world that exists in parallel to the physical one. More and more, people's essential activities take place in the latter, not the former. And the covid-19 pandemic has opened many people's eyes to the fact that much of life, for many people, can now be lived almost entirely digitally. In countless ways, this new world has made life easier, quicker, and more convenient.
But there are unseen changes that go along with all this convenience, particularly around the tracking of online activity. It's no secret that Internet privacy is in tatters, with polls showing that a majority of people are concerned about the security of their personal information online. Even the most well-informed observers are sometimes shocked when they learn how all-encompassing the Internet surveillance machine really is. As New York Times columnist Farhad Manjoo writes, the tracking of online activity "is happening every day, all the time, and the only reason we're O.K. with it is that it's happening behind the scenes, in the comfortable shadows."
This is true -- businesses use a number methods to track the activities of users in order to tailor content and advertising to their perceived interests. One of these tools is something most people have never heard of: a tracking pixel. This is a small snippet of code that allows a third party to record people's behavior online. It typically consists of a single 1x1 pixel image embedded into a webpage or email, containing a tag that tracks information about the user. Invisible to the naked eye, tracking pixels follow users, even after they've left a website.
A boon for online businesses
Not everyone has a problem with pixel tracking. In fact, online advertisers and other businesses actively promote it as a positive good. The fact is, given a free hand in a lightly regulated environment lacking traditional revenue sources, corporations and marketing firms have designed and built an infrastructure that systematically follows users in order to direct targeted ads based on their habits and anticipated needs. This strategy has been wildly successful: tracking pixels are estimated to be present on 75% of websites, helping drive over $100 billion in annual advertising revenue in the United States alone.
With each click, tracking pixels gather and record the following information:
Exact date and time
Type of client used (e.g., browser or email platform) and screen resolution
Operating system and type of device
Activity on a website during the session
IP address, and by extension, Internet Service Provider (ISP) and device location
Every move a person makes online is tracked and used to create profiles -- which can be linked back to their real-world identity. To understand the effects of this, we need to understand how this digital surveillance occurs in the first place.
Pixels, cookies and the Internet surveillance machine
To understand pixels, it's important to understand cookies -- a term many people are familiar with. A cookie is a small file that stores a record of each activity we perform online. When you see a pop-up asking you to consent to the use of cookies, what you're really being asked for is permission to let the site use these to track your movements and share them with advertisers. Cookies are triggered by pixels: the latter recognizes when a user clicks and "calls" the former to download onto a browser. With a size of 1x1 -- hence the name -- pixels consist of code placed on websites that is not visible to the naked eye. There are two main types of pixels: retargeting pixels and conversion pixels.
Retargeting pixels monitor your behavior on a particular website and use that to direct similar content to you when you browse later on. When you see ads for umbrellas after looking up the weather, it's because of retargeting pixels.
Conversion pixels track purchases you actually make. Often, they are embedded in confirmation or "thank you" pages that conclude a sale. These are useful to advertisers in understanding what people actually spend money on, rather than sites they simply browse.
Digital gold and surveillance capitalism
The widespread use of tracking pixels for advertising is the result of decades of design and policy decisions whose consequences were not always foreseen. The Internet was first conceived of as a free and open place. As such, charging users to browse websites has always been considered unacceptable. Though it was born with the noblest of intentions, this "free" model spawned unanticipated consequences. If they couldn't charge for their products, how would the giants of the Internet -- search engines, social networks, media hubs -- maintain their businesses? They were forced to seek alternative ways to make money.
The solution they found lay in advertising. This was a goldmine of possibilities: with businesses of all kinds looking to identify and reach key target demographics, Internet businesses found themselves sitting on colossal stockpiles of user data that suddenly had immense value. Surveillance capitalism was born.
Pixel data is shared with anonymous third parties
Tracking pixels don't simply generate a one-to-one exchange in which information from a website is downloaded to a browser. When a user makes a request to a website -- by clicking on a link, for example -- a vast set of requests goes out to a constellation of third-party vendors. These third parties then buy, sell, and recombine the data they've collected in a process called "enriching." This enriched data is used for a range of purposes well beyond what most users expect when they read an article or use an app.
You can use this tool to explore the webs of requests that are generated by a single click.
Tracking pixels can be aggregated to compile a detailed dossier -- known as a digital fingerprint -- on everybody who uses the Internet. The primary use of these digital dossiers today is advertising. With such an abundance of products and services available online, and such diversity of people, cultures, and habits, digital fingerprints help businesses target their advertising at people they judge more likely to be interested in their products. This is known as intent generation.
Intent generation versus intent harvesting
The abundance and mass aggregation of pixel data has allowed Internet advertising models to become ever more complex and savvy. Over the past several years, the model has shifted from intent harvesting to intent generation.
Intent harvesting is where a user searches for a desired product, and sees ads related to that search. In this case, advertisers are responding to an interest users themselves initiate -- a straightforward concept. If you search college basketball, tracking pixels add this as a data point to your dossier. Advertisers, deducing your interest, can now place ads for jerseys on websites you subsequently visit, based on your search history.
Intent generation goes further, anticipating a need a person may not yet know they have. Here, pixels are also used to steer users toward content likely to interest them even if they haven't expressly searched for it. For example, a user of in-flight wi-fi might see ads for taxi companies at their destination airport. The complex picture painted by tracking pixels lets advertisers understand that the user is likely in transit and may need transportation from the airport -- they are able to anticipate the user's likely need.
Internet giants understand the power of being able to anticipate their users' emotions and desires. This was a major factor in Facebook's recent $400 million purchase of Giphy, which enables the sharing of millions of small animated images. Executives at the company clearly understand the power of memes to predict trends, and believe they can gain lucrative insights from their users' sharing habits.
Tracking is not all positive for businesses
But tracking pixels have drawbacks for businesses as well. They impair the Internet's user experience by slowing download speeds. Each request made to download a cookie uses bandwidth, and enough such actions can materially slow down a website. Think of all the news sites that take 30 seconds to load, whose text jumps up and down as new ads and pop-ups materialize, making it almost impossible to read the story itself. The economic impacts of this are material: it's estimated that for every second tracking pixels slow down a website, revenue drops by 7.5%.
At Orchid, we never use pixels because we have a firm commitment to user privacy. This has the added benefit of making our user experience better, faster, and smoother for people browsing the web.
Do pixels put privacy at risk?
The uses of pixels outlined so far are relatively mundane and may even seem harmless to those comfortable with consumer mass marketing. But it's worth remembering that for each person around the world who uses the Internet, there is a detailed, multi-dimensional, constantly evolving portrait. These profiles are not anonymous -- they can easily be linked back to real-world identities through email addresses, social media profiles, and IP addresses.
It doesn't take too much imagination to recognize the breadth of potential dangers posed by pixel tracking. Many people appear unbothered by or resigned to the current state of online surveillance. The Internet is governed largely by economic incentives that reward the harvesting of data in order to predict future behavior and interests. While this has proven lucrative, it also raises obvious questions about privacy and accountability. This is borne out in public opinion surveys: in the U.K., for example, only 23% of respondents said they would opt in to being tracked on websites if given the choice.
What do regulators have to say?
Where do governments stand on the issue of tracking pixels?
The answer to this has a complicated history and underscores the ways in which the Internet, a phenomenon wholly new in human history, does not fit neatly into existing modes of legal thought. Democratic governments have struggled from the start to define which statutes apply to online activity and which don't. For example, online activity in the U.S. is still governed by the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, which became law before the Internet existed and was written with electronic wires and voice communication in mind. The law defines any communication stored for more than three years as "abandoned" -- so everything you did online before 2017 can be searched by the authorities without a warrant.
Recently, some governments have begun trying to update legal systems to address Internet privacy specifically. The European Union was the first to act, implementing the General Data Protection Rule (GDPR) in 2018. The U.S. state of California followed in 2020 with its California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which covers broadly the same areas of concern. Both laws have detailed rules around the collection, use, and disaggregation of personal data, though they establish differing definitions and standards.
These differences are instructive in revealing the degree to which the appropriate way to regulate online activity is still not settled. For example, GDPR requires "data controllers and data processors to take appropriate technical and organizational measures to ensure a level of security appropriate to the risk." CCPA has only a vague promise of recourse to individuals if businesses fail to establish "reasonable" data security standards.
How to disable tracking pixels on your own
Fortunately for the privacy-minded, there are ways to opt out of pixel tracking. Any attempt at this should start with choosing a web browser. In terms of dedication to privacy, not all are created equal. Mozilla Firefox, for instance, has demonstrated a clear philosophical commitment to privacy, and unilaterally implemented DNT in 2011. There are also other Internet platforms with a specific focus on privacy, such as the search engine DuckDuckGo.
It's possible to disable or limit pixel tracking in a web browser's settings, though each browser has different capabilities. Firefox enables what it calls "enhanced tracking protection" by default, and lets users customize the level of tracking they want to allow. Users of Google Chrome can disallow the collection and retention of cookies, though this may result in reduced functionality. Chrome does not implement "do not track" as its default setting, so users must manually turn it on. On the social media side, Facebook's privacy settings also include an option to disable pixels, though this is not a default setting.
For additional tools, tips, and best practices for minimizing the risk of tracking pixels, Tom's Guide can be a valuable resource.
For now, at least, tracking pixels are part of the fabric of the Internet. Whether you view them as helpful business tools or frightening components of a dystopian world, understanding how they work can help everyone make informed decisions when going online. For those who are dedicated to privacy and transparency, Orchid, the decentralized VPN marketplace, is available for download today.
State of privacy: a deep dive into U.S. data protection laws
"Data Creep" and the ever-expanding universe of targeted ads
Orchid's top privacy tips of 2020


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require "slim-rails"
require "jquery-rails"

require "web_ui"
require "teams"
require "games"

module GamesAdmin
  require "games_admin/engine"

  def self.nav_entry
    {name: "Games", link: -> {::GamesAdmin::Engine.routes.url_helpers.games_path}}
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Leland and mark are two of our closest friends and both of them are awesome beyond words. so their wedding weekend? epic! we were honored to have a part in their special day and were able to capture some of the moments along the way. love you guys!
we were honored to have a part in their special day and were able to capture some of the moments along the way. love you guys!


Event is another unique theme from Elegant Themes. This template is obviously aimed at event sites, perfect for concert listings or other types of shows or even to track upcoming web events. It Comes with 5 unique colour schemes, shortcodes and the Elegant Themes ePanel theme options. The design is modern, high impact, and much better looking than many of the big event sites I use regularly.


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E3 2018 – The deltaDNA Top Three
Home » E3 2018 – The deltaDNA Top Three
By Jon Watts
In Premium
E3 2018 – The deltaDNA Top Three2018-06-142019-01-10https://deltadna.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/www_logo.pngdeltadna.comhttps://deltadna.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/blog-2.png200px200px
After a typically excruciating buildup, E3 is sadly over. As per usual, there were more reveals and announcements than it's possible to keep up with so we have put together our own personal top 3 of the very best from 2018's biggest gaming event.
For good reason, big franchises always dominate the column inches and comment sections at this most wonderful time of the year and they came good once again. We're always keen to see who's pushing things forward from a technical and gameplay perspective so here's what caused us so to sit up and listen in LA.
Mobile gaming is particularly close to our hearts and we're always keen to see who is raising the bar. After E3, you'd have to say that it's Bethesda. Having raised the blood pressure of all in attendance at their E3 press conference with an extensive look at Fallout 76, a revolutionary step for that franchise, Todd Howard (Game Director) risked all-out frenzy with a sneak peak of The Elder Scrolls: Blades. It is a standalone game for iPhone, iPad & Android with astounding visuals and several game modes. The game's detail, vision, scale and performance mark it out as a truly groundbreaking project. Watch the preview and see which features got people most audibly excited here.
Due out in Fall of this year, Blades is the game that we'll be watching most closely going forward but Bethesda deserves recognition on several other fronts. Staying in Tamriel, the first images associated with The Elder Scrolls VI gave fans something to pore over while they wait for more details. Fallout 76, mentioned above, brings a new MMO element to the legendary single-player franchise. Finally, Howard announced Starfield – an entirely new original single-player RPG franchise set in space. It really was an exceptional press conference.
Both Microsoft and EA made sure to make some headlines by announcing their intentions to build game-streaming services which ultimately make console-standard games available to play on smartphones and other devices. Though neither company dwelled for long on the subject, the development of console-quality streaming to any device will have as big an impact on gaming as anything we have yet seen and its implications will be further reaching than any of the individual games or even game portfolios showcased in 2018.
Fortnite comes to Nintendo Switch
A couple of days ahead of Nintendo's press conference, news inevitably leaked that Epic Games' runaway success was to drop on the Nintendo eShop during E3. The game is already available for download and bringing Fortnite to the world's hottest console could well grow Fortnite's 125 million player count to record levels. It has to be said that initial excitement has been somewhat dampened by Sony's decision to block access on the Switch to all accounts created on PlayStation, thereby preventing cross-play and progression, but fans will hope that their public outcry is enough to change the minds of PlayStation's top brass. That said, Sony's power play doesn't seem to have dissuaded many players from getting involved – Nintendo racked up 2 million downloads in the 24 hours that followed the announcement. The Switch's version of Fortnite joins Xbox, PC and iOS versions in cross-platform compatibility and, while the sting may have been taken out of the announcement by leaks and brand warfare, Fortnite's not-so-surprising arrival on the Switch remains a massive deal for Epic, Nintendo and all of their respective fans.
If E3 2018 had one pervading theme, it was battle royale. With the absence of any important hardware announcements, several massive games took the opportunity to announce their arrival on the battle royale bandwagon and the king of the genre – Fortnite – made sure to remind all rivals of its position at the top of the pecking order. Bethesda edges our pick for most exciting publisher of the conference and the prospect of widespread cloud streaming for games is definitely something to keep an eye on.
If you have any questions, about the contents of this piece or anything else, contact us at [email protected] and we'll connect you to the relevant person.
Bethesda, E3, EA, Microsoft, Nintendo, Switch, Xbox
Nintendo Switch insight round-up
Why games shouldn't be a technology leaderGame design, Premium, VR
Fortnite vs PUBG: How Monetization was the Real BattlegroundAnalytics insights, Free to play, Game design, Game monetization, Premium


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Q: Solving Polynomials in Computer Algebra Systems Apart from low degree polynomials (2, 3, and 4) and factoring to lowest degrees, what are the method(s) used to find all the roots of a high-degree polynomial equations having only complex roots, and cannot be factored into lower degree polynomials?
In other words, what is the general method Computer Algebra systems (e.g. Maple, Mathematica) use to give you all the roots of polynomials equations?

A: For Mathematica and for Maple
You should look at this pdf from MIT
In reality, it just like @zhen lin comment.

A: Maybe this is a little bit off topic because it does not handle Maple or Mathematic, but nevertheles it may be useful.
The CAS maxima supplies the function allroots to find numerically roots of polynomials, and the manual says:

For complex polynomials an algorithm by Jenkins and Traub is used (Algorithm 419, Comm. ACM, vol. 15, (1972), p. 97). For real polynomials the algorithm used is due to Jenkins (Algorithm 493, ACM TOMS, vol. 1, (1975), p.178).
  A description of the Jenkins-Traub-Algorithm can also be foun in Wikipedia.

A method for finding roots of polynomials is published in "Vorlesungen ueber Numerisches Rechnen" by C.Runge and H.Koenig, Berlin 1924 and is called Graeffe's Method, an algorithm that does not need approximations of the roots to start. On pp.168-173 they describe a way to handle complex roots.
Annotation:
The description in the book is very clear. The description in Wikipedia may not be sufficient to easily implement the method.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


-Specialities In MEP and much more which includes general requirements and site work. I also do Renovation projects with demolition.
Also the End Result prepared in ●Personalized Easy excel sheets● which Make it Easy to Understand.


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Mauricio Umansky
Founder and CEO of The Agency, Mauricio Umansky set out to create an industry-disrupting brokerage that would redefine the business of real estate
Founder and CEO of The Agency, Mauricio Umansky set out to create an industry-disrupting brokerage that would redefine the business of real estate. Since its inception in 2011, The Agency has done that and much more, ranking among the Inc. 5000 list of the fastest-growing private companies in the country for two consecutive years. The firm has expanded to employ more than 600 agents across more than 30 offices worldwide, with six more offices slated to open per year.
A finalist for the EY Entrepreneur Of The Year 2017 Awards, Mauricio has accomplished what no other agent has—ranking among the Top Ten agents in the country for seven straight years according to The Wall Street Journal REAL Trends annual list. Mauricio also holds the distinction of selling the most homes in the country priced above $20M . He has represented some of the world's most noteworthy properties, including the Playboy Mansion, the first house in L.A. to sell above the $100M mark, Walt Disney Estate, and residences owned by Michael Jackson, Michael Jordan and Prince.
Mauricio and The Agency also represent some of the world's top developers and resort brands, including One&Only, Six Senses and Ritz-Carlton. Mauricio is a proud member of The Young Presidents Organization (YPO), an influential and world-renowned business networking organization. His philanthropic work includes serving as a board member for Giveback Homes, an organization dedicated to building homes for families in need, The Children's Hospital of Los Angeles and the National Breast Cancer Association.


We think of cats as independent creatures, but when it comes to enrichment and exercise, your cat needs your help. That's why we've rounded up these easy (and inexpensive!) ways to get your cat moving, spice up her playtime and channel her natural instincts.
Check out the video below and let us know in the comments how you'll commit to making your cat happier.


Find out who you should call if there is an emergency.
Petie is kind, gentle, and visits hospitals…oh, and he's a pony! Learn how Petie makes kids smile.
Having a good breakfast can help you do your best each day!
Do you ever feel frustrated when trying new things? Here are some ideas that can help!
What's the secret to learning something new? Keep trying!
How can kids be a big help to grown-ups? Watch and find out!
It's time for the big game! Can you find the hidden objects on the basketball court?
This clever goose knew who to call when she needed help.
Find out how this dog rescued his owner from a fire and became a hero.
Do you know what bullying is? Watch a video to find out how classmates learn how to recognize a bully.
Does Every Fire Truck Have a Dalmatian?
Have you ever wondered why firefighters and Dalmatians go together?
Have fun making a book about somebody very special – you!
Meet a champion jump rope team and find out how they share their love of the sport with others!
Watch two friends learn an important lesson about sharing.
Are you as big as an armadillo? Smaller than a tiger? Measure yourself and find out.
You can have fun choosing healthy foods! Watch and see.
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Q: JFileChooser for passing selected file into argument of different class object in my main class I have this method
private void OpenActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
  JFileChooser fileChooser = new JFileChooser();
    fileChooser.setFileFilter(new TxtFileFilter());
    int returnVal = fileChooser.showOpenDialog(this);
    if(returnVal == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION){
        File f = fileChooser.getSelectedFile();
    }

    }

I want to pass the selected file into the argument of an object in another class of the same project and package:
public class ImportFile {

    File fileToImport = new File("C:/data/myData.txt");//path will be set from GUI

How to do this? Thanks!

A: You can do someting like this:
private void OpenActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
  JFileChooser fileChooser = new JFileChooser();
    fileChooser.setFileFilter(new TxtFileFilter());
    int returnVal = fileChooser.showOpenDialog(this);
    if(returnVal == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION){
        File f = fileChooser.getSelectedFile();

        SomeClass c = new SomeClass(f);
        c.processFile();
    }

    }

Although it would be better to do the processing in another thread instead of the Event dispatch thread.

A: In your main class you should return the file F.
That way from any other class in the same package you can call the OpenActionPerformed() method and have it returned into a new File object in whatever class you use it from.


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Porn Set Free: Age Record Keeping Deemed Unconstitutional
Creators of porn websites have been set free of onerous confirmation of age record keeping laws, after the Unites States Court of Appeals found that the law requiring the keeping of these records was unconstitutional.
Previously, porn websites hosted in the United States had to keep records confirming that all performers shown on their sites were of a legal age. More recently there has been some suggestion that these requirements would be extended to all sites showing porn, potentially destroying sites such as YouPorn.com and Pornotube.com (both NSFW) who rely on user generated content and therefore would not have access to records.
A majority ruling of the Appeals Court found that "the purpose, and the legislative history of the statute make clear that Congress was concerned with all child pornography and considered record keeping important in battling all of it, without respect to the creator's motivation" in that it impedes free speech rights.
Law.com notes that "the decision is a significant First Amendment ruling that directly implicates the controversial subjects of legal adult pornography and illegal child pornography." For anyone in a Web 2.0 related porn business, it's simply a sign that they have a future. See our overview of porn sites in this space here.


Pools maintained their unbeaten run in pre-season with a battling 1-0 win over National League North outfit Spennymoor Town at the Brewery Field on Saturday.
The fixture certainly had a more competitive feel than previous warm-up encounters and Pools were made to work hard for their victory which came courtesy of Luke James' second goal in as many games.
Matthew Bates named a strong starting eleven once more though he was without Peter Kioso who picked up a slight knock in training and Paddy McLaughlin who is still recovering from a virus. New loan signing Marcus Dinanga was amongst the substitutes.
It was the hosts who started the brighter in the game and began pushing Pools on to the back foot in the early stages with Bates' men forced to defend with determination.
However, Pools worked their way back in to the things and carved out a couple of half chances thanks largely to good link-up between Mark Kitching and Luke James down the left flank.
Pools came close to opening the scoring when Liam Noble's flighted free-kick from the left found Andrew Davies at the far post and his looping header was cleared off the line as Town survived.
Josh Hawkes came even closer on 16 minutes when he unleased a thunderbolt from twenty-five yards which crashed back off the top of the left post with keeper Matthew Gould well beaten.
The Moors had their best opportunity when Robert Ramshaw found space on the right side of the penalty area where was found by a lovely cross but his volley flew across goal and wide.
Pools took the lead on 21 minutes when Davies powerfully met a right-wing corner but his header was brilliantly palmed on to the post by Gould but luck was against the keeper as Luke James swept in the rebound to open the scoring.
Town finished the first half well and could have got back on level terms when a left-wing corner was steered towards goal by skipper James Curtis but it went just wide of the far post.
The hosts created the first moment of danger during the second half too when Ryan Hall scampered away down the right but he dragged his shot across goal and wide of the target.
Glen Taylor could have brought Town back on level terms when he wriggled in to the left side of the penalty area but Scott Loach got out quickly to close the angle and smother the shot.
Noble almost made the game safe for Pools at the other end when he clipped a delightful free-kick on goal which beat the keeper but came back out off the post and the home side escaped.
Ramshaw got in behind Myles Anderson as he looked to sniff out an equaliser but again Loach was quick off his line and made an instinctive block to keep Pools' lead intact.
Hawkes found some good space down the left and lifted in a lovely left-footed cross on to the head of Cassidy who met it firmly but saw his effort brilliantly turned round the post by keeper Gould.
Taylor got away to the right byline before picking his head up to send a ball in to the feet of substitute Andrew Johnson but his shot flies wide of the front post.
Cassidy engineered some room on the edge of the box at the other end to let fly with a well-struck shot which stung the palms of Gould before Town were able to clear the loose ball.
Pools: Loach, Magnay (Laing 46), Davies, Anderson, Donaldson (Richardson 70), Featherstone (Woods 70), Noble (Hawkins 84), Kitching, Hawkes (Newton 84), James (Dinanga 63), Muir (Cassidy 63).
Booked: Davies (Pools), Curtis (Spennymoor).


text:
Konstantin Stanislavski: "Live the Part"
Konstantin Stanislavski:
"Live the Part"
(Konstantin Stanislavski)
"In our art you must live the part every moment that you are playing it, and every time."
The following is an excerpt from An Actor Prepares, by Konstantin Stanislavski. In the voice of fictional instructor, Tortsov, Stanislavski explains the importance of "living the part" and the critical role that intuition must play in an actor's performance.
"The very best that can happen is to have the actor completely carried away by the play."
"Then regardless of his own will he lives the part, not noticing how he feels, not thinking about what he does, and it all moves of its own accord, subconsciously and intuitively."
Salvini said:
"The great actor should be full of feeling, and especially he should feel the thing he is portraying."
"He must feel an emotion not only once or twice while he is studying his part, but to a greater or lesser degree every time he plays it, no matter whether it is the first or the thousandth time."
"He must feel an emotion not only once or twice while he is studying his part, but to a greater or lesser degree every time he plays it."
"You may play well or you may play badly; the important thing is that you should play truly," wrote Shchepkin to his pupil Shumski.
"To play truly means to be right, logical, coherent, to think, strive, feel and act in unison with your role. If you take all these internal processes, and adapt them to the spiritual and physical life of the person you are representing, we call that living the part."
"To play truly means to be right, logical, coherent, to think, strive, feel and act in unison with your role."
"In our art you must live the part every moment that you are playing it, and every time. Each time it is recreated it must be lived afresh and incarnated afresh."
15 Brilliant Quotes by Konstantin Stanislavski
NEXT: 15 Brilliant Quotes by Konstantin Stanislavski


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Thread: Ahadeeth Myths
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Compilation of the Hadeeth
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COMPILATION OF AHAADEETH
It is a common misconception amongst people that Ahaadeeth were collected and written down after 150 to 200 years of Prophet Muhammad (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) 's death. This misconception has led to people viewing hadeeth suspiciously as they surely can't be authentic as they were collected much later.
Ahaadeeth were compiled and written down since the time of Prophet Muhammad (sallallaho alaihi wasallam), Sahabah (radiallah tala anhum) had their own scrolls or books, with the help of these scrolls and books other hadeeth books were compiled later onwards.
At first the Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) stopped his companions (radiallah tala anhum) from writing down hadeeth. [Sahih Bukhari] then afterwards this was permitted, there is a narration regarding it.
Prophet of Allah (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) said to Abdullah bin Amr (radiallah tala anho): Write ahaadeeth, I swear by Him who holds my life in His hand, from this mouth nothing but the truth comes out. [Abu Dawood, volume 1, pg 158: Isnaad is Saheeh]
Abdullah bin Amr (radiallah tala anho) says: We were seated near prophet of Allah (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) and were writing, in this manner was asked: which city will be first conquered, Constantinople or Rome?
He (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) said: Hercules's city will be conquered first. [Darami, pg 126: Isnaad is Saheeh]
Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) said: Write this hadeeth and give it to Abu shah (radiallah tala anho).... [Sahih Bukhari & Sahih Muslim]
Ali (radiallah tala anho) says: We don't have anything but Kitab Allah and the scriptures in which are ahaadeeth of prophet of Allah (sallallaho alaihi wasallam). [Sahih Bukhari & Sahih Muslim]
Abu Huraira (radiallah tala anho) says: Amongst the Sahabah (radiallah tala anhum) no one narrates ahaadeeth more than I do save Abdullah bin Amr (radiallah tala anho), because he used to write them and I didn't. [Sahih Bukhari]
Anas (radiallah tala anho) heard a hadeeth and liked it so much, he told his son to write it and he wrote it. [Sahih Muslim, Kitab ul Iman]
Anas (radiallah tala anho) says that when Abu Bakr (radiallah tala anho) sent him to Yemen as the governor, he wrote on a scroll and gave it to him whose content was: Start with Allah 's name who is Rehman and Raheem, this is the obligation of Zakat which Prophet of Allah (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) has made on the Muslimeen and this is what Allah ordered His prophet [Sahih Bukhari, Kitab ul Zakat]
The narrator Hamad bin Salma says: I got this book from Anas (radiallah tala anho) 's grandson Samama. [Nasai, kitab ul zakat]
Imam Malik says: I read Omar (radiallah tala anho)'s book … [Muwatta Malik, pg 106]
From the above few authentic narrations from many, we can conclude that ahaadeeth were being written down since the time of the prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam). From such scripts other famous ahaadeeth books were compiled.
But where are these scrolls or books? When the ahaadeeth were copied and narrated into other books, it was but logical that the small compilations get absorbed in bigger compilations.
It is not true that the Muhadditheen collected only verbally transmitted ahaadeeth, and there were no compilations in the earlier times especially the first century of the hijrah. Old compilations can be found today like Sahifa Hammaam, in this are ahaadeeth in which Imam Hamaam bin Munabbi took dictation from Abu Huraira (radiallah tala anho), this compilation is easily available for everyone to view.
So to say that there were no compilations for ahaadeeth till the second century is just a misconception spread by helpers of shaitan so that people give up believing in ahaadeeth and interpret Quran according to their desires thus making a mockery of prophethood which is clear blasphemy. May Allah save us form such a thought. Aameen.
And Allaah Knows Best.
"Do not argue with your Lord on behalf of your soul, rather argue with your soul on behalf of your Lord." - Dhul-Nun
"It is the very pursuit of happiness that thwarts happiness." - Victor Frankl
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Ansar Al-'Adl
Jewel of LI
Re: Compilation of the Hadeeth
Good article.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
"Surely I was sent to perfect the qualities of righteous character" [Musnad Ahmad, Muwatta Mâlik]
Visit Ansâr Al-'Adl's personal page HERE.
Excellent resources on Islam listed HERE.
Abu Omar
I thought I could collect a little refutation on those who claim that the first Ahadith collections became collected around 250 A.H. They also claim that al-Bukhaari (rahimahullaah) regarded all the Ahadith which he did not include as false. These lies are spread mostly by Quran-only "Muslims", and then blindly repeated by the missionaries as parrots, mixed with their own statements. I take my info from sources which I'll insha'Allaah list at the end of this post. This post is just made as a collection of all refutations written in my own words (except if stated otherwise).
Probably the earliest known Ahadith collection is the Sahifa of Hammam ibn Munabbih. Hammam was a student of Abu Hurairah (raa) and his Sahifa contained 138 Ahadith. Here we can also find an amazing confirmation of the reliability of the isnad system. 98 of the Ahadith in his Sahifa are also recorded in Sahih al-Bukhaari and Sahih Muslim, and almost completly identical!
Another early Ahadith collection is the Musannaf of Abdarrazzaq as-Sani. It is also from the first century A.H.
And we have also the well-known Muwatta of Imaam Malik ibn Anas. Malik died 179 A.H. His collection is not an outward Ahadith collection, but rather a collection of the practices of the people in Medinah. Almost all the Ahadith he collected exist in the later collections. So the conclusion is that the Ahadith started to be collected early.
Now, the Quran-only "Muslims" boastfully claim that it is a big blow against the Ahadith collections that al-Bukhaari did only include abit of 7000 Ahadith of the 600.000 he memorized (with their isnads). Well, let al-Bukhaari speak for himself: "I only included in my book al-Jami` those that were authentic, and I left out many more authentic traditions than this to avoid unnecessary length."
Thus, he admitted that he did not include every authentic Hadith he got hold of. This should be enough to refute those claims which are circuling, insha'Allaah.
1. Are There Any Early Hadiths?
2. On The Nature Of Hadith Collections Of Imam Al-Bukhari & Muslim
Ibn_Abi_Yala
Re: Refutation of some claims regarding the Ahadith collections
al-Salamu 'Alaikum,
For a list of some early major Hadith-collections (improved continually), refer to http://s3.invisionfree.com/sunnipres...?showtopic=167 for example.
Books of Hadith which are published and mentioned therein, and which precede the Sahih al-Bukhari (d.256/870) are for example:
Ma'mar b. Rashid (d.153/770), author of al-Jami'.
Malik b. Anas (d.179/795), author of the famous Muwatta'.
Abdallah b. al-Mubarak (d.181/797), author of the Musnad.
Abdallah b. Wahb al-Misri (d.197/812), author of al-Jami'.
Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi (d.203/813), author of a well-known Musnad.
Abd al-Razzaq al-San'ani (d.211/826), author of a voluminous Musannaf.
al-Humaydi (d.219/834), author of a Musnad.
Sa'id b. Mansur (d.227/842), author of a Sunan.
And many other works.
There are also many small collections of Hadith, containing froma dozen hadiths to a few hundreds. Those interested in these - much older - works shoudl refer to Muhammad Mustafa al-A'zami's book Studies in Early Hadith Literature.
wa-Salamu Alaikum.
M H Kahn
Hi Abu Omar !
None should be a "Quran-only" or a "Hadith-only" Muslim. But you should bear in mind that the Quran, as declared by Allah Himself, is a fully detailed scripture, and actually it is so. The Quran tells us to be believing and righteous. The prophet has taught us how to perform the rituals of salah, hajj and jakah etc. The rest of the code of human faith and that of the conduct are mostly detailed in the Quran. So why should one be told to believe such stories, as are claimed to have been told by the prophet(pbuh) exclusively to only one person, as a part of religious rulings? Obviously, the job of the prophet was preaching the divine teachings to the public in general; not secretly or exclusively to someone. The uninterrupted isnad cannot validate such one-to-one stories as religious rulings when the same are not related publicly on the basic code of faith or conduct.
Last edited by M H Kahn; 01-30-2006 at 06:04 PM.
IB Senior Member
Luxurious loft with my Macintosh
The Quran was written by scribes.
If we follow your logic, why should our trust be completely on these scribes?
Shouldn't the Quran be written by each and every companion who had heard it and listened to it?
Takumi Nakashima
WattaquLlah(a) wa yu'allimukumuLlah(u)
(Be Mindful of Allah and He will teach you)
kadafi
IB Oldtimer
All praise is due to Allaah, and peace and blessings of Allaah be upon his Last and Final Messenger, his pure family, his noble Companions, and all those who follow them with righteousness until the Day of Judgment.
We have undoubtedly sent down the Reminder(al-dhikr), and We will truly preserve it. (Soorah al-Hijr:9)
This article is a humble attempt to eradicate the misconceptions that many non-Muslims and Muslims possess about the second source of the Shariah (Islaamic jurisprudence) namely the Sunnah.
This article is by no means a comprehensive coverage of the Sunnah, but rather an introductory article dispelling the myths surrounding ahadeeth [pl. of hadeeth]. I will attempt to avoid several sections such as the command to follow the Messenger as this is discussed in great detail by Allaamah al-Albaani (May Allaah have mercy on him) in his treatise, the Status of the Sunnah in Islaam
I pray, insha'Allaah, (God-Willing), that this article serves to remove the confusion and ignorance that the people are suffering from regarding this important issue and that it will save all those sincere seekers of truth from failing into major kufr by rejecting the ahadeeth.
The Definition of Hadeeth
The term hadeeth linguistically means a communication or a narrative. This is confirmed in the Glorious Qur'aan
Let them then produce a saying (hadeeth) like unto it. (Soorah at-Tur:34)
And when the Prophet spoke (Hadeeth) secretly to one of his wives. (Soorah at-Tahrim:3)
In the Shariah terminology, it refers to all that is transmitted from the Prophet, his deeds, his sayings, whatever he approved. According to the Muhadditheen (scholars of hadeeth), it is synonymous with the term Sunnah.
Myth #1 Ahadeeth were written 200 years after the Prophet (Peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
This misconception is based on the hadeeth mentioned in Saheeh Muslim (Second authenthic Hadeeth collection):
It was narrated from Abu Sa'eed al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Do not write anything from me; whoever has written anything from me other than the Qur'aan, let him erase it and narrate from me, for there is nothing wrong with that. (Narrated by Muslim, al-Zuhd wa'l-Raqaa'iq, 5326)
Those who use this hadeeth and argue that no ahadeeth were written are ignorant of the historical temporary prohibition of this statement. The temporary prohibition was meant as a precautionary step to ensure the correctness of the word of Allaah as distinguished from the words of the Prophet himself, as both came from the lips of the Prophet. This is one view and several other views are mentioned in the commentary on Saheeh Muslim by Imaam Al-Nawawi (May Allaah have mercy on him)
Al-Nawawi said in his commentary on Saheeh Muslim:
Al-Qaadi said: there were many disputes among the Sahaabah and Taabi'een concerning the writing down of knowledge. Many of them regarded this as being makrooh, but most of them regarded it as permissible. This dispute is no longer an issue.
They differed as to the meaning of this hadeeth which says that it is forbidden. It was said that this pertained to one who was sure of his memory, and there was the fear that he may rely upon what he had written if he wrote it down; the ahaadeeth which say that it is permissible to write things down is to be interpreted as referring to the one whose memory is not reliable, such as the hadeeth, "Write it down for Abu Shaah"; or the hadeeth of the saheefah of 'Alee (may Allaah be pleased with him); the hadeeth of the book of 'Amr ibn Hazm, which contains laws on inheritance, sunnahs and diyaat (blood money); the hadeeth about writing down charity, and the minimum amounts at which zakaah becomes obligatory (nisaab), with which Abu Bakr sent Anas (may Allaah be pleased with him) to Bahrain; the hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah which says that Ibn 'Amr ibn al-'Aas used to ; write things down but he (Abu Hurayrah) did not write things down, and other ahaadeeth. And it was said that the hadeeth forbidding writing down ahaadeeth was abrogated by these ahaadeeth.
The prohibition was in effect when there was the fear that (the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) might be mixed with the Qur'aan. When that danger was no longer present, permission was given to write down (ahaadeeth). And it was said that the prohibition mentioned in the hadeeth referred to writing ahaadeeth on the same page as Qur'aan, lest they become mixed and thus the reader would be confused when looking at this page. And Allaah knows best.
The hadeeth of Abu Shaah was narrated by al-Bukhaari from Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him), who said:
'When Allaah granted His Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) victory over Makkah, he stood before the people and praised and glorified Allaah, then he said: "Allaah protected Makkah from the elephant and has given authority to His Messenger and the believers over it, so fighting was forbidden for anyone before me, and was made permissible for me for part of a day, and it will not be permissible for anyone after me. Its game should not be chased, its thorny bushes should not be uprooted, and picking up its fallen things is not allowed except for one who makes public announcement for it, and he whose relative is murdered has the option either to accept a compensation for it or to retaliate." Al-'Abbas said, "Except Al-Idhkhir (a kind of plant), for we use it in our graves and houses." The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, "Except Al-Idhkhir." Abu Shaah, a Yemeni, stood up and said, "O Messenger of Allaah! Get it written for me." The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, "Write it for Abu Shaah." (al-Luqatah, 2254)
Ibn Hajar said: What may be understood from the story of Abu Shaah ("Write it for Abu Shaah") is that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) gave permission for hadeeth to be written down from him.
This contradicts the hadeeth of Abu Sa'eed al-Khudri, which says that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, 'Do not write down anything from me except the Qur'aan.' (Narrated by Muslim).
The two may be reconciled by noting that the prohibition applied only to the time when the Qur'aan was being revealed, lest it be confused with something else, and that permission was given at other times; or that the prohibition applied only to writing down things other than Qur'aan with the Qur'aan on one thing, and that permission was given to write them separately; of that the prohibition came first and the permission abrogated that, when there was no longer any fear of confusion. This is most likely to be the case.
It was said that the prohibition applied only to those whom it was feared would depend on the writing and not memorize things, and that permission was given for those from whom such a thing was not feared.
The scholars said: a group of the Sahaabah and Taabi'een regarded it as makrooh to write down the hadeeth and they regarded it as mustahabb to learn it from them by heart, as they had learned it. But when people were no longer able to strive so hard (in memorizing) and the scholars feared that knowledge might be lost, they compiled it in books."
There are countless instructions from the Prophet instructing his companions to write down some ahadeeth.
One of the Ansaar (The Helpers) asked the Prophet if there was another way to preserve ahadeeth as he sometimes forgets them. The Prophet replied:
Seek help from your right hand, and pointed out to a writing. (Tirmidhi)
Raafi ibn Khadij (May Allaah be pleased with him) said:
I said to the Prophet that we hear from you many things, should we write them down?" He replied: You may write. There is no harm. (Tadreeb ar Raawi)
Anas (may Allaah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet said:
Preserve knowledge by writing. (At-Tabari Jaami ul Bayaan)
Abu Raafi (may Allaah be pleased with him) sought permission from the Prophet to write ahadeeth and the Prophet granted him that permission (Tirmidhi)
Salma (student of Ibn Abbaas) says:
I saw some small wooden boards with Abdullaah Ibn Abbaas. He was writing on them some reports of the acts of the Prophet which he acquired from Abu Raafi'. (Tabaqaat Ibn Sa'd)
Abdullaah ibn Amr ibn al-Aas (May Allaah be pleased with him) reports that the Prophet said to him:
Preserve Knowledge
Abdullaah then asked,
how should it be preserved?
The Prophet replied,
by writing it.
(Mustadrik Haakim; Jaami ul Bayaan)
In another report, he says,
I came to the Prophet and told him, I want to narrate your ahadeeth. So, I want to take assistance of my handwriting besides my heart. Do you deem it fit for me?'
If it is my hadeeth you may seek help from your hand besides your heart. (Daarimi)
He also says:
I used to write whatever I heard from the Prophet and wanted to learn it by heart. Some people of the Quraysh dissuaded me and said,
Do you write everything you hear from the Prophet, while he is a human being and sometimes he may be in anger as any other human beings may be? (Abu Dawood)
After Abdullaah ibn Amr conveyed their opinion to the Prophet, the Prophet replied by pointing to his lips and said:
I swear by the One in whose hands is the soul of Muhammad: nothing comes out from these two (lips) except truth(haqq). So, do write. (Abu Dawood; Tabaqaat ibn Sa'd; Mustadrik ul Haakim)
These narrations attest that ahadeeth were written during the era of the Prophet.
I will list here the prominent compilations written in the first and second century, some written by the sahabas (the Prophet's companions), their students (taabi'een), and the students of the taabi'een (tabaa'at-taabi'een).
Some of the compilations during the era of the Prophet:
The Scripts of Abu Hurairah
Hasan ibn Amr reports that once:
Abu Hurairah took him to his home and showed him "many books" containing the ahadeeth of the Prophet. (Jaami' Bayaan-ul-'Ilm; Fath-ul-Baari)
The Script of Abdullaahi ibn Amr
Mujahid, his student, said
I went to Abdullaah ibn Amr and took in hand a script placed beneath his cushion. He stopped me. I said, You never save anything from me. He replied:
This is the Saadiqah (the Script of Truth). It is what I heard from the Prophet. No other narrator intervenes between him and myself. If this script, the Book of Allaah, and wahaz (his agricultural land) are secured for me, I would never care about the rest of the world. (Jaami' Bayaan-ul-'Ilm)
The Script of Anas
Sa'eed ibn Hilal, one of his students, says:
When we insisted upon Anas (may Allaah be pleased with him) he would bring to us some notebooks and say, These are what I have heard and written from the Prophet, after which I have presented them to the Prophet for confirmation. (Mustadrik Haakim)
The Script of Alee
Alee said:
I have not written anything from the Prophet except the Qur'aan and what is contained in this script. (Saheeh Bukhaaree- Book of Jihaad)
Ibn Sa'd reports that Alee stood in the mosque and delivered a lecture then he asked the people:
Who will purchase 'knowledge' for one dirham only?
meaning, who wants to learn ahadeeth should buy writing paper for one dirham and come to him for dictation.
It is reported that Haarith al-A'war bought some paper and came to him:
So, Alee wrote for him a lot of knowledge. (Tabaqaat Ibn Sa'd)
Scripts of Jaabir
Qataadah, one of Jaabir's students, says,
I remember the script of Jaabir more than I remember Surah al-Baqarah (Qur'aan). (Tahdheeb at-Tahdheeb)
Scripts of Ibn Abbaas
Musa ibn Uqbah says:
Kuraib left with us a camel load of Ibn Abbaas's books. When Alee ibn Abdullaah ibn Abbaas would need any book from them, he wrote to Kuraib, 'Send to me such and such books.' He would then transcribe the book and send to him one of the two copies. (Tabaqaat Ibn Sa'd)
The pupils of Ibn Abbaas would copy these scripts and read them over to him to confirm the correctness of the copies. (Tirmidhi)
Sometimes Ibn Abbaas would narrate the ahadeeth to his pupils while they would record them. (Daarimi)
The compilations of the First Century:
1. Book of Khalid ibn Ma'dan (d. 104)
2. Books of Abu Qilabah (d. 104). He bequeathed his books to his pupil, Ayyub Saktiyan (68-131 A.H.), who paid more than ten dirhams as a fare for them being loaded on a camel.
3. The script of Hammam ibn Munabbih,
4. Books of Hasan al-Basri (21-110 A.H.)
5. Books of Muhammad al-Baqir (56-114 A.H.)
6. Books of Makhul from Syria
7. Book of Hakam ibn 'Utaibah
8. Book of Bukair ibn Abdullaah ibn al-Ashajj (d. 117)
9. Book of Qais ibn Sa'd (d. 117). This book later belonged to Hammad ibn Salamah.
10. Book of Sulaiman al-Yashkuri
11. Al-Abwaab of Sha'bi,
12. Books of Ibn Shihaab az-Zuhri
13. Book of Abul-Aliyah
14. Book of Sa'id ibn Jubair (d. 95)
15. Books of Umar ibn 'Abdul Aziz (61-101 A.H.)
16. Books of Mujahid ibn Jabr (d. 103)
17. Book of Raja ibn Hywah (d. 112)
18. Book of Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Haq
19. Book of Bashir ibn Nahik.
The compilations of the second century (note that only the prominent ones are listed due length) :
1. Book of Abdul Malik ibn Juraij (d. 150)
2. Muwatta of Maalik ibn Anas (93-179)
3. Muwatta of Ibn Abi Zi'b (80-158)
4. Maghaazi of Muhammad ibn Ishaq (d. 151)
5. Musnad of Rabi' ibn Sabih (d. 160)
6. Book of Sa'id ibn Abi 'Arubah (d. 156)
7. Book of Hammad ibn Salmah (d. 167)
8. Jami' Sufyan ath-Thauri (97-161)
9. Jami' Ma'mar ibn Rashid (95-153)
10. Book of 'Abdur-Rahman al-Awzaa'I (88-157)
11. Kitaab az-Zuhd by Abdullaah ibn al-Mubaarak (118-181)
12. Book of Hushaim ibn Bashir (104-183)
13. Book of Jarir ibn 'Abdul-Hamid (110-188)
14. Book of Abdullaah ibn Wahb (125-197)
15. Book of Yahya ibn Abi Kathîr (d. 129)
16. Book of Muhammad ibn Suqah (d. 135)
17. Tafsîr of Zaid ibn Aslam (d. 136)
18. Book of Musa ibn 'Uqbah (d. 141)
19. Book of Ash'ath ibn 'Abdul-Malik (d. 142)
20. Book of Aqil ibn Khalid (d. 142)
21. Book of Yahya ibn Sa'id Ansari (d. 143)
22. Book of Awf ibn Abi Jamilah (d. 146)
23. Books of Jafar ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq (d. 148)
24. Books of Yunus ibn Yazid (d. 152)
25. Book of 'Abdur-Rahman al-Mas'udi (d. 160)
26. Books of Zaidah ibn Qudamah (d. 161)
27. Books of Ibrahim al-Tahman (d. 163)
28. Books of Abu Hamzah al-Sukri (d. 167)
29. Al-Gharaaib by Shu'bah ibn al-Hajjaj (d. 160)
30. Books of Abdul-Aziz ibn 'Abdullaah al-Majishun (d. 164)
31. Books of Abdullaah ibn 'Abdullaah ibn Abi Uwais (d. 169)
32. Books of Sulaiman ibn Bilal (d. 172)
33. Books of Abdullaah ibn Lahi'ah (d. 147)
34. Jami' Sufyan ibn 'Uyainah (d. 198)
35. Kitaab-ul-AAthaar by Imaam Abu Haneefah (d. 150)
36. Maghaazi of Mu'tamir ibn Sulaiman (d. 187)
37. Musannaf of Waki' ibn Jarrah (d. 196)
38. Musannaf of Abdur-Razzaaq ibn Hammam (136-221)
39. Musnad of Zaid ibn Alee (76-122)
40. Books of Imaam Shaafi'i (150-204)
The following are available today in printed form:
1. Al-Muwatta by Imaam Maalik.
2. Kitaab-ul-AAthaar by Imaam Abu Haneefah.
3. Musannaf by 'Abdur-Razzaaq. This book has been published in eleven big volumes.
4. As-Seerah by Muhammad ibn Ishaq.
5. Kitaab az-Zuhd by 'Abdullaah ibn al-Mubaarak.
6. Kitaab az-Zuhd by Waki' ibn Jarraah (3 volumes).
7. Al-Musnad by Zaid ibn Alee (76-122).
8. Sunan of Imaam Shaafi'i.
9. Musnad of Shaafi'i.
10. Siyar of Awzaa'i (88-157).
11. Musnad of 'Abdullaah ibn al-Mubaarak.
12. Musnad of Abu Daawood Tayalisi (d. 204).
13. Ar-Radd 'ala Siyaril-Awzaa'i by Imaam Abu Yoosuf.
14. Al-Hujjah 'ala Ahlil-Madeenah by Imaam Muhammad ibn Hasan Shaibaani.
15. Kitaabul-Umm by Imaam Shaafi'i.
16. Al-Maghaazi by Waqidi (130-206) (4 volumes).
Myth #2 Al-Hikmaah is an attribute of the Glorious Qur'aan
The Quraniyyah (Quran-alone group) argue that Al-Hikmaah mentioned in the Glorious Qur'aan refers to the Glorious Qur'aan instead of the Sunnah. They claim that it means mere 'Wisdom' and leave it at that.
In the linguistic sense, The term hikmaah means 'wisdom', 'aphorism', 'maxim', or 'gnome'. it is derived from the root h-k-m (haakaama) which means 'to rule or issue a judgement' and thus in the Shariah terminology, it refers to the Sunnah depending on the context.
The definition is eloquently explained by Imaam Shaaf'ee (may Allaah have mercy on him) who comments on the ayaat regarding the Kitaab (Qur'aan) and the Hikmaah (Sunnah):
Allaah (Exalted is He) mentioned the Kitaab, and that is the Qur'aan; He also mentioned Hikmaah. I have heard those whose opinion I trust among the people of knowledge of the Qur'aan say that Hikmaah means the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allaah (Peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). This supports what Allaah (Exalted is He) said - and Allaah knows best - because the Qur'aan is a reminder (dhikr) and hikmaah follows it, and Allaah mentioned that He lavished favour on His creatures by teaching them the Kitaab and Hikmaah. It is therefore impermissible - and Allaah knows best - to say that Hikmaah here is anything other than the Sunnah of Allaah's Messenger (Peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). That is because it is coupled (maqruna) with the Kitaab, and that Allaah has made obedience to His Prophet a strict obligation, imposing upon people the absolute duty to follow his commands. Thus it is not permissible to say about anything that it is a strict obligation (fard) except about Allaah's Book and the Sunnah of His Messenger (Peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) due to what we just said, namely, that Allaah has coupled belief in His Messenger with belief in Him. (al-Risala (p. 78))
Allaah (Exalted is He) mentions the Hikmaah in several ayaat:
Allaah has surely blessed the believers with His favor when He raised in their midst a Messenger from among themselves, who recites to them His verses and makes them pure and teaches them the Book and the Wisdom, while they were, earlier in open error. (Soorah Al-Baqaraa:164)
He (Allaah) is the One who raised up, among the unlettered, a Messenger from among themselves who recites the verses of Allaah, and makes them pure, and teaches them the Book and the Wisdom. (Soorah al-Joomooa:2)
Here Hikmaah is followed straight after the mentioning of Kitaab (Book). According to the Quraniyyah, it should read as:
He (Allaah) is the One who raised up, among the unlettered, a Messenger from among themselves who recites the verses of Allaah, and makes them pure, and teaches them the Book (Qur'aan) and the Wisdom (Qur'aan) (Soorah al-Joomooa:2)
This is grammatically incorrect since according to the Qur'aanic principle of mooghayaraa (differentiation), coupled words do not mean the same thing and indeed the Glorious Qur'aan is far above such mistakes.
Allaah (Exalted is He) says:
Do they not then consider the Qur'aan carefully? Had it been from other than Allaah, they would surely have found therein much contradiction. (Soorah An Nisaa: 82)
Myth #3 The Glorious Qur'aan does not need any explanation; it is complete.
The Quraniyyah group often introduce this claim to establish that the Glorious Qur'aan does not need any expounding based on a couple of ayaat. They seemingly twist the tafseer of these ayaat and introduce their distorted interpretation.
The revelation (wahy) is one, meaning that they come from same source, but are distinguished between the unrecited wahy (ghayr matluww) which is the Sunnah and the recited wahy (wahy matluww) which is the Glorious Qur'aan.
He does not speak from his desires, Verily it is inspiration (unrecited revelation) which has been revealed. (Soorah an-Najm:3-4)
Imaam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (may Allaah have mercy on him) mentions in his treatise:
And the Sunnah with us are the aathaar (narrations) of the Messenger of Allaah (Peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and the Sunnah explains and clarifies the Qur'aan. It is the guide to the Qur'aan [containing evidences and indications as to its meanings and correct interpretations.]
Hassaan ibn Atiyyah said,
Jibreel used to descend upon the Messenger of Allaah with the Sunnah just as he used to descend with the Qur'aan.
Reported in Ash-Sharh wal-Ibaanah of Ibn Battah, p. and Majmoo'ul-Fataawaa of Shaikhul-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah, 3/366.
Ibn Katheer said,
The Sunnah is decisive over the Book of Allaah.
Reported in ad-Daarimee, 1/144 and Ash-Sharh wal-lbaanah of Ibn Battah
Al-Suyuti says that
if one seeks the Quraan, he shall seek 'sunnah' because it is the commentary of the Quraan and its explanation
Daarimi says
that the sunnah is a Judge upon the Qur'aan and not the Qur'aan upon Sunnah. (Musnad Daarimi)
Imaam Ghazzaali says:
Allaah does not have two words, one in the Quraanic style which we are bidden to recite publicly, and called the Qur'aan, while the other word is not Qur'aan. Allaah has but one word which differs only in the mode of its expression. On occasions Allaah indicates His word by the Qur'aan; on others, by words in another style, not publicly recited (Sunnah), and called it the Sunnah. Both are mediated by the Prophet. (Mustasfa 1.125)
Ibn Khaldun explains:
The basis of all the traditional sciences is the legal material of the Qur'aan and the sunnah of the Prophet, which is the Shariah given us by Allaah and His Messenger, as well as the sciences connected with that material, by means of which we are enabled to use it. This, further, requires as auxiliary sciences the sciences of the Arabic language [that is, grammar, rhetoric, lexicography, etc.]. Arabic is the language of Islaam and the Qur'an was revealed in it.
The different kinds of traditional sciences are numerous, because it is the duty of the responsible Muslim to know the legal obligations Allaah placed upon him and upon his fellow men. The are derived from the Qur'aan and the sunnah of the Prophet, either from the text itself or through general consensus, or a combination of the two. Thus he must first study the explicit wordingof the Quran. This is the science of Qur'aan interpretation. Then he must study the Quran, both with reference to the manner in which it has been transmitted and related on the authority of the Prophet who brought it from Allaah, and with reference to the differences in the readings of the Quran readers. This is the science of Quranic "reading."
Without the unrecited wahy (sunnah), some of the provisions of the Shariah would have been left untouched or subjected to everyone's opinion irrespective of their knowledge. To name an example: the command to establish the second pillar which is the salaah.
Allaah (Exalted is He) has ordered more than 73 times to observe it and yet the explanation is nowhere mentioned in the Glorious Qur'aan. Hence, through the sunnah of the Prophet, we learn the exact way of observing the salaah.
Ibn Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) summed up the different aspects of explanations:
The explanation of the Qur'aan has four aspects to it. The first aspect comprises what is known by the Arabs by virtue of their language. When it is recited to the Arabs, they understand it. Then there are the explanations that no one is excused for not knowing. This includes the explanation of the verses related to Islamic legal injunctions and beliefs that people need to know. Then there are the explanations that are known only to scholars. These are subtle meanings that most people do not grasp. Then there are matters whose explanation is known only to Allaah. These are the four aspects of the explanation of the Qur'aan
Tafseer at-Tabaree
Thus, the Sunnah is an exposition of the Glorious Qur'aan by which its generalities are clarified and its intended meaning specified.
Myth #4 The ahadeeth is not protected.
Another popular belief among the Quraniyyah and the ignorant Muslims is the myth that the ahadeeth are not protected.
They cite the ayah in Soorah al-Hijr as proof. A clear examination of the ayah proves that Allaah (Exalted is He) has promised to protect His religion which includes the Qur'aan and the Sunnah. The ayah is:
Verily, We, it is We Who have sent down the Dhikr and surely, We will guard it (from corruption).(Sooraah al-Hijr:9)
Al-Dhikr mentioned in the ayah has numerous meanings in the Glorious Qur'aan, it is sometimes for the Glorious Qur'aan as in
And this is a blessed Reminder (al-dhikr), which We have sent down: will you then (dare to) deny it? (Sooraah al-Anbiyaah:50)
And sometimes it is used for Sunnah, as in,
With clear signs and Books (We sent the Messengers). And We have also sent down unto you the Dhikr, that you may tubayyina (explain clearly) to men what is sent down to them, and that they may give thought. (Soorah An-Nahl:44)
Ibn Hazm (May Allaah have mercy on him) said in his book 'al-Ihkaam that
al-dhikr is a name that comprises all that Allaah revealed to His Prophet (Peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) be it the Qur'aan or the Sunnah. The Sunnah is also a revelation that explains the Qur'aan
Myth #5 Some authentic ahadeeth contradict the Glorious Qur'aan
Many Quraniyyah shift through the two saheeh volumes and assert that some ahadeeth contradict the Glorious Qur'aan. This reveals their lack of acquaintance with the ahadeeth sciences (Usool al-Hadeeth). They do not question that their interpretation might be erroneous and instead of looking at the commentaries of these ahadeeth, they brush them as 'contradictory' and thus 'false'.
There are some apparent contradictions between narrations but that is because the sahabas narrated according to their own understanding of things that they have witnessed. A good example is the ahadeeth regarding Hajj (Pilgrimage). One of the narrators reported that the Prophet made an ifrad hajj because he heard the Prophet saying "I have presented myself in Your service to perform the Hajj". Others have narrated that the Prophet performed a qiran hajj. At the first glance, it seems contradictory since the qiran hajj is very different from the ifrad hajj, but in fact there are no contradictions between the narrations, since it is permissible for one performing qiran hajj to also say "I have presented myself in Your service to perform the Hajj"
Such apparant contradictions can cause confusions and hence why Allaah (Exalted is He) said in the Glorious Qur'aan to refer to ahl-quraan and the ahl-ahadeeth (ahl al-dhikr):
then ask those who possess the Message (Ahl al-Dhikr) if you do not know. (Soorah Al-Anbiya:7)
The general public cannot identify whether the hadeeth is said in a general context or particular matter, or that it is absolute or restricted or that it is abrogating is abrogated. Only the scholars (May Allaah have mercy on them) know these matters and can distinguish which is which, contrary to the ignorant Muslims who spend all their time declaring ahadeeth that opposess their intellect as contradictory.
Even though I have not covered the major aspects of the Sunnah, some of the misconceptions addressed are often repeated by many Muslims who are deceived by the Quraniyyah websites.
One of the main reason that many Muslims reject the second source is because it conveys the huddud punishments such as stoning and flogging so they reject to suit the desires of their masters (the enemies of Islaam).
They are ashamed that they might be called 'backwards' by their peers so they try to misinterpret the Glorious Qur'aan and the Sunnah.
Allaah (Exalted is He) addresses this:
Indeed, We have brought the Truth to you but most of them have a hatred for the Truth (al-Zukhruf:78)
And remember the words of the Prophet:
Fa-tooba lil-ghurabaa (tooba is for the Strangers)
Praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds.
E'jaazi
Re: Ahadeeth myths
Masha Allah Brother!
Allow me to add the following: When speaking to the people who do not accept the hadiths, you may want to pose these questions to them;
1) Do you make salah? If they answer yes, then ask them in what matter do they make salah. If it is the same as you or I, then ask them where did they get all the details of the salah, such as what to say, when to say it, how many rakah, what to say after every two rakah and so forth. The answer is from the hadiths which outline and detail the Sunnah of the Prophet (Salallahu Alayhe wa Sallam)
2) Ask them how they make wudoo. Although it is mentioned in the Qu'ran, the details to make a full and proper wudoo can only be found in the hadiths.
3) Ask them if they have more knowledge than the Sahaba. If they answer no, and truly they will, then ask them, if the Qu'ran alone sufficed, then why did the Sahaba spend so much time asking the Prophet (Salallahu Alayhe wa Sallam) so many questions, to which the Prophet (Salallahu Alayhe wa Sallam) gave detailed answers and never told them "Go read the Qu'ran for the answer!"
Insha Allah, Allah will guide whom He wills to the pure and simple truth. We can only provide the info and hope to receive the blessings.
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