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MPRB Home› About Us› History
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Commissioner AK Hassan
Commissioner Brad Bourn
Commissioner Chris Meyer
Commissioner Jono Cowgill
Commissioner Kale Severson
Commissioner Latrisha Vetaw
Commissioner Londel French
Commissioner Meg Forney
Commissioner Steffanie Musich
Superintendent's Annual Reports
General Rehabilitation: Neighborhood Park Amenities, Recreation Centers, Other Buildings
Minneapolis parks encompass the city's defining lakes and the river banks at the core of the city's development. Acquired by purchase and donation, the parks include features of astonishing beauty, historical significance and ecological wonder, all within a thriving urban setting. More than this, the parks are imbued with personal meaning—the playgrounds that live in the memories of generations of people, are the soul of our communities. Today, the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board (MPRB) is an independently elected, semi-autonomous body responsible for governing, maintaining and developing the Minneapolis Park System. The 6,800-acre system consists of local and regional parks, playgrounds, golf courses, gardens, biking and walking paths, nature sanctuaries, lakes and a 55-mile parkway system. Take a step back in time to discover how our world-renowned park system got its start.
Central Library Archive
The city of Minneapolis is incorporated in 1856. Citizen Edward Murphy donates land for a park, now known as Murphy Square. An act of the Minnesota Legislature enables the city to hold an election to determine if an independent Park Board would be established.
Citizens vote and the Board of Park Commissioners (BPC) is established. The 12 commissioners appointed by the Legislature elect Charles Loring, a miller, as the BPC's first president. Horace Cleveland, noted landscape architect, recommends a system of parks and parkways that focus on natural features. The BPC acquires 80 acres of parkland. James J. Hill completes construction of the Stone Arch Bridge.
The BPC hires Captain William Morse Berry as Superintendent of Parks in 1885. During his 20 years of service major acquisitions include the Chain of Lakes, Minnehaha Falls, Saratoga Springs-Glenwood (now part of Theodore Wirth Regional Park), Powderhorn, Minnehaha Parkway, Columbia, East River Bank, and The Parade
Theodore Wirth is appointed Superintendent of Parks in 1906. Portions of Bde Maka Ska and Lake of the Isles are dredged, parkways and paths constructed, park buildings, golf courses and concession stands opened, and recreation programs provided. The Wild Botanic Garden opens in 1907. The creation of the Chain of Lakes is celebrated in 1911.
The Great Depression results in numerous federally funded park projects. Through the WPA and at Wirth's direction, lagoons are dug, bridges built, creeks rerouted, roads constructed, sidewalks poured, playgrounds installed, gardens planted and art and music programs provided. Christian Bossen becomes Superintendent of Parks in 1935. He fights to preserve jobs and provide quality services to the public during this economically disastrous time.
World War II results in the temporary loss of many employees and numerous park projects are put on hold. Following the war, the GI Bill allowed for massive rehiring and hiring of veterans. Charles Doell is appointed Superintendent of Parks in 1945. The post-war period brings a demand for more playgrounds, open space, athletic fields and year-round recreation programs.
Loring Cascade is demolished and the Auto Tourist Camp at Minnehaha Falls closed. A pipeline is constructed from Bassett's Creek to Brownie Lake to add water to the Chain of Lakes. Charles Moore is appointed Superintendent of Parks in 1959. The Gateway Park buildings in downtown Minneapolis are demolished.
The Salk polio vaccine is made available to the public and creates conditions where people can gather in groups to socialize and recreate together once again, without the fear of health problems. Robert Ruhe is appointed Superintendent of Parks in 1966. The BPC adopts a "no net loss" land policy. Gateway Park becomes part of a downtown Minneapolis urban renewal project and the Phelps Fountain is moved to Lyndale Park. In 1969, as a result of one of the recommendations of the Brightbill Study, the BPC changes its name to the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board.
Almost all existing recreation building structures are demolished and rebuilt. Standardized design elements identify and unify the Grand Rounds parkway system. A rare prairie remnant along West River Parkway is protected. Dutch elm disease decimates the city's trees. Invasive species begin their incursion. Women join the maintenance and horticulture divisions. City demographics begin to shift away from a homogenous population. Charlie Spears is appointed Superintendent of Parks in 1978.
David Fisher is appointed Superintendent of Parks in 1981. The Mississippi riverfront is transformed from an industrial area to residential, commercial and entertainment area. Acquisition and development of parks, open space and related amenities along the river becomes a priority for the Park Board. Major projects include Boom Island, the Sculpture Garden and a new bandstand at Lake Harriet. Elmer the Elm Tree is kidnapped. J.D. Rivers' Children's Garden opens. The first woman arborist is hired and women are promoted to supervisors for the first time in the Maintenance and Park Police departments. Two major youth initiatives begin: Teen Teamworks and Rec Plus. In 1989, the Park Board receives National Recreation and Park Association's Gold Medal Award for Excellence.
The Clean Water Partnership is formed and includes the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board, City of Minneapolis, City of St. Louis Park, Minnehaha Creek Watershed District and Minnesota Environmental Protection Agency. The Clean Water Partnership works to improve surface water quality and the Chain of Lakes watershed through coordinated efforts such as the construction of wetlands, grit chambers, street sweeping, public education and other best management practices. The Youthline program begins. Park Police use bikes and horses for patrol. The negative impact of unchecked invasive species is fully realized, and efforts begin to remove them. Eurasian milfoil harvesting begins. Major projects are the Cedar Lake Trail, Bassett's Creek Trail, Phase II of the Sculpture Garden, Minnehaha Park, the Stone Arch Bridge, Loring Park and wetlands at Bde Maka Ska. David Fisher retires in 1999. Mary Merrill Anderson is appointed Superintendent of Parks.
The Kroening Interpretive Center, Mill Ruins Park, the Neiman Sports Complex, Edward C. Solomon Park, Longfellow Gardens and a first-time-ever Headquarters building are dedicated. Mary Merrill Anderson retires. Jon Gurban is appointed Superintendent of Parks in 2004. MPRB celebrates its 125th Anniversary in 2008. The Foundation for Minneapolis Parks publishes the book, City of Parks, which tells stories of how Minneapolis acquired its revered parks and how the park system became an important contributor to the quality of life in all parts of the city.
Jayne Miller is appointed Superintendent of Parks in November 2010. The RiverFirst initiative grows out of a 2010 international design competition envisioning a network of parks and trails along the Mississippi Riverfront north of downtown. Sheridan Memorial Park opens on the northeast Minneapolis riverfront in 2014. Other major park projects are the Webber Natural Swimming Pool, reconstruction of the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden and Phillips Pool and The Trailhead in Wirth Park. In 2016 MPRB reaches a deal with the City of Minneapolis to fund neighborhood park revitalization. Called the 20-Year Neighborhood Park Plan, it provides millions of dollars annually for up to 20 years dedicated to maintenance, rehabilitation and capital improvements at neighborhood parks. MPRB is named the number one park system in America by the Trust for Public Land in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017.
The Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board annual reports give a synopsis of park board activities for the preceding year. Annual Reports 2010-2016 [PDFs] are available on the Superintendent page.
To view digitized versions of the years 1884-1887, 1891, and 1894, please go to the Minnesota Digital Libraries repository.
Other digitized years can be viewed through Google Books and HathiTrust. A full set of physical copies is available through Hennepin County Libraries.
The Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board proceedings are the official minutes for each meeting of the board.
Digitized versions of the 1883-1891 park board proceedings can be found online at Minnesota Digital Libraries.
A full set of published copies is available through Hennepin County Libraries.
Minneapolis Parks Collection at Central Library
Thousands of original documents providing a detailed, fascinating record of Minneapolis park history are now safely preserved and open to the public in Special Collections located on the fourth floor of Central Library. Learn more and check hours of operation at the Hennepin County Library Special Collections page.
Hundreds of historic Minneapolis Parks images were scanned and uploaded to the Minnesota Digital Library in 2017. A small collection of these photos are posted below. Visit the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board Collection on the MDL to browse through all these fascinating photos, drawings and glass lantern slides.
Funding for this project was provided to the Minnesota Digital Library through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008.
Glenwood Lake Old Bathhouse, 1900-1930
Van Cleve Park shelter building, 1900-1930
Linden Hills Park shelter, Oct. 1955
Men in gymnastic pyramid at Powderhorn Park, 1900-1920
The Gateway Park Fountain dedication, Aug. 5, 1915
Loring Park Lake and shelter building with city skyline in the background, 1958-1958
Lake Harriet Park toboggan slide, Feb. 19, 1914
Parade at Glenwood, Camden Parkway (now Victory Memorial Parkway), 1921
Gateway Park colonnade, 1952
Lyndale Park and Phelps Fountain, 1963
Minnehaha Falls in the winter, 1900-1930
Girls' outdoor gymnasium, 1900-1930
Minneapolis Institute of Art, 1900-1930
Bath House at Lake Nokomis
Park Board commissioner Maude Armatage christening the dredge at Lake Hiawatha Park, 1930s
Community Sing at Logan Park, 1900-1920
Minnehaha Falls and Stone Bridge, 1900-1930
Park Board youth marble tournament at the Municipal Auditorium, 1943
Seven Gables at Columbia Park, 1900-1930
Theodore Wirth planting a tree at Theodore Wirth Regional Park, 1930s
Logan Park boys night boxing in the Field House, 1900-1920-1900-1920
Ski-jump crowd at Glenwood Park (now Theodore Wirth Regional Park), 1910s
Playing baseball, Logan Park, 1900-1930
Table tennis and playground on the beach at Bde Maka Ska, 1940s
Windom Park Children's Regatta, 1966-1966
Loring Cascade at Glenwood Park, 1900-1930
Bde Maka Ska, linking of the lakes, July 5, 1911
Kenwood Gardens (now The Parade Park) with the Walker Art Center and the Guthrie Theater in background, 1964
Hockey rink at Lake of the Isles, 1900-1930
Rollerskating on West Side of Lake Calhoun Parkway, Aug. 3, 1980
Track and field at North Commons Park, 1905-1915
Grave work at Maple Hill Cemetery (now Beltrami Park), 1908
Powderhorn Park girls basketball team, 1900-1920
Gymnastics class at Matthews Park, 1979
Farview Park children in front of Recreation Center, 1977
Portable bandstand in transport and destined for a city park, 1900-1920
Folwell Park Bandstand, 1927
Children sledding at Powderhorn Park, 1900-1910
Lake Nokomis Park before improvement, 1910s
Playing football, 1900-1930
Armory Garden from East Minneapolis, 1900-1930
Park Patrol officer on snowmobile at Meadowbrook Golf Course, 1967
Swimming in deep end at John Deere Webber Baths, Webber Park, 1920s
Children on playground structure in North Commons Park, 1905-1915
Children on Merry-Go-Round at Bohanon Field, 1958
Farview Park Tower, 1959
Concert at Lake Harriet Bandstand, 1970
Powderhorn Park playground apparatus, Nov. 12, 1915
View of Lake Harriet from the Pavilion, 1920s
Lake Harriet roof garden, photo taken at First Operatic Concert, June 25, 1900-1930
Skating at Van Cleve Park, 1900-1930
Camden Park General Plan, 1910
Lake Harriet diving, 1900-1930
Webber Baths, Camden Park, 1920s
Map of Minneapolis Park System as recommended by Prof. HWS Cleveland, 1883
Constructing the bridge over the lagoon between Bde Maka Ska and Lake of the Isles, 1911
Lake Hiawatha Park Golf Course before improvements, looking north, June 8, 1929-June-8-1929
Busy Day at Lake Harriet, 1900-1930
Minneapolis Park Board President Francis A. Gross at the Pushmobile Derby, 1936
General plan for the improvement of Powderhorn Lake Park, 1921
Lake Hiawatha Park construction equipment caterpillar, Aug. 1932


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Uncertainties in the in-flight calibration of sensors with reference to measured ground sites in the 0.4-1.1 μm range
Stuart F Biggar, P. N. Slater, D. I. Gellman
Optical Sciences, College of
This article describes the error sources for three in-flight sensor calibration methods used by the Remote Sensing Group of the Optical Sciences Center at the University of Arizona. The three methods are the reflectance-, improved reflectance-, and radiance-based methods, which all reference the earth-atmosphere system. The sources of error or uncertainty for each method are discussed, and an estimate of the percent uncertainty associated with each source is made for conditions similar to those actually used for calibrations at White Sands, New Mexico. The results of in-flight calibrations are compared to those of the on-board lamp calibration system for a SPOT HRV camera.
sensors (equipment)
Earth atmosphere
Biggar, S. F., Slater, P. N., & Gellman, D. I. (1994). Uncertainties in the in-flight calibration of sensors with reference to measured ground sites in the 0.4-1.1 μm range. Remote Sensing of Environment, 48(2), 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(94)90145-7
Uncertainties in the in-flight calibration of sensors with reference to measured ground sites in the 0.4-1.1 μm range. / Biggar, Stuart F; Slater, P. N.; Gellman, D. I.
In: Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 48, No. 2, 1994, p. 245-252.
Biggar, SF, Slater, PN & Gellman, DI 1994, 'Uncertainties in the in-flight calibration of sensors with reference to measured ground sites in the 0.4-1.1 μm range', Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(94)90145-7
Biggar SF, Slater PN, Gellman DI. Uncertainties in the in-flight calibration of sensors with reference to measured ground sites in the 0.4-1.1 μm range. Remote Sensing of Environment. 1994;48(2):245-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(94)90145-7
Biggar, Stuart F ; Slater, P. N. ; Gellman, D. I. / Uncertainties in the in-flight calibration of sensors with reference to measured ground sites in the 0.4-1.1 μm range. In: Remote Sensing of Environment. 1994 ; Vol. 48, No. 2. pp. 245-252.
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title = "Uncertainties in the in-flight calibration of sensors with reference to measured ground sites in the 0.4-1.1 μm range",
abstract = "This article describes the error sources for three in-flight sensor calibration methods used by the Remote Sensing Group of the Optical Sciences Center at the University of Arizona. The three methods are the reflectance-, improved reflectance-, and radiance-based methods, which all reference the earth-atmosphere system. The sources of error or uncertainty for each method are discussed, and an estimate of the percent uncertainty associated with each source is made for conditions similar to those actually used for calibrations at White Sands, New Mexico. The results of in-flight calibrations are compared to those of the on-board lamp calibration system for a SPOT HRV camera.",
author = "Biggar, {Stuart F} and Slater, {P. N.} and Gellman, {D. I.}",
journal = "Remote Sensing of Environment",
T1 - Uncertainties in the in-flight calibration of sensors with reference to measured ground sites in the 0.4-1.1 μm range
AU - Biggar, Stuart F
AU - Slater, P. N.
AU - Gellman, D. I.
N2 - This article describes the error sources for three in-flight sensor calibration methods used by the Remote Sensing Group of the Optical Sciences Center at the University of Arizona. The three methods are the reflectance-, improved reflectance-, and radiance-based methods, which all reference the earth-atmosphere system. The sources of error or uncertainty for each method are discussed, and an estimate of the percent uncertainty associated with each source is made for conditions similar to those actually used for calibrations at White Sands, New Mexico. The results of in-flight calibrations are compared to those of the on-board lamp calibration system for a SPOT HRV camera.
AB - This article describes the error sources for three in-flight sensor calibration methods used by the Remote Sensing Group of the Optical Sciences Center at the University of Arizona. The three methods are the reflectance-, improved reflectance-, and radiance-based methods, which all reference the earth-atmosphere system. The sources of error or uncertainty for each method are discussed, and an estimate of the percent uncertainty associated with each source is made for conditions similar to those actually used for calibrations at White Sands, New Mexico. The results of in-flight calibrations are compared to those of the on-board lamp calibration system for a SPOT HRV camera.
JO - Remote Sensing of Environment
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Mr.Market does it instyle. It filled the gap of yesterday and howering around that level, trying hard to cross over. Nifty need to close above 5512 today to gain further momentum upside. However no clear signals emerges. We are holding short in Nifty with SL at 5544 on closing basis. Tomorrows market action would be deterimental for some weeks to come. One can hold short in nifty with the said SL for todays closing.


Parental alcohol use disorder with and without other mental disorders and offspring alcohol use disorder.
Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.
The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Objective: To examine the association between parental alcohol use disorder (AUD) with and without other mental disorders and offspring AUD.
Primary Causes of Hospitalizations and Procedures, Predictors of In-hospital Mortality, and Trends in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events Among Recreational Marijuana Users: A Five-year Nationwide Inpatient Assessment in the United States.
Cureus 2018 Aug 23;10(8):e3195. Epub 2018 Aug 23.
Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
Alcohol use moderates the relationship between symptoms of mental illness and aggression.
Psychol Addict Behav 2018 Nov 27;32(7):770-778. Epub 2018 Sep 27.
Addiction disorders: a need for change. Proposal for a new management. Position paper of SIA, Italian Society on Alcohol.
Minerva Med 2018 Oct 2;109(5):369-385. Epub 2018 Jul 2.
Italian Society on Alcohol, Bologna, Italy.
Predictors of Alcohol Withdrawal Readmissions.
Division of General Internal Medicine, Erie County Medical Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 462 Grider Street, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Aims: Hospital readmissions serve as a major benchmark for the quality of care and alcohol withdrawal (AW) may lead to multiple hospitalizations and readmissions. We sought to evaluate readmission rates and predictors of having AW-related readmissions in a nationally representative sample.
J Epidemiol Community Health 2018 Jul 26;72(7):582-588. Epub 2018 Mar 26.
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Background: While risk of premature death is most pronounced among persons with severe mental illness, also milder conditions are associated with increased all-cause mortality. We examined non-psychotic mental (NPM) disorders and specific causes of natural death in a cohort of late adolescent men followed for up to 46 years.
Disparities in Access to Early Psychosis Intervention Services: Comparison of Service Users and Nonusers in Health Administrative Data.
Can J Psychiatry 2018 06 21;63(6):395-403. Epub 2018 Mar 21.
3 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario.
Objective: There is a dearth of information on people with first-episode psychosis who do not access specialized early psychosis intervention (EPI) services. We sought to estimate the proportion of incident cases of nonaffective psychosis that do not access these services and to examine factors associated with EPI admission.
Cue Reactivity Essentials: Event-Related Potentials During Identification of Visual Alcoholic Stimuli in Social Drinkers.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Germany.
[Taxation of traditional rums in French overseas territories and public health: The example of Reunion Island].
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2017 Nov 27;65(6):443-452. Epub 2017 Oct 27.
A three-decade repeated cross-sectional survey on mental health of the Chinese Jino minority.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2017 Nov 1;51(11):1134-1141. Epub 2016 Dec 1.
2 Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Avoidable emergency department visits: a starting point.
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, 1E21, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
Objective: To better characterize and understand the nature of a very conservative definition of 'avoidable' emergency department (ED) visits in the United States to provide policymakers insight into what interventions can target non-urgent ED visits.
Design/setting: We performed a retrospective analysis of a very conservative definition of 'avoidable' ED visits using data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2005 to 2011.
Dementia and cognitive disorder identified at a forensic psychiatric examination - a study from Sweden.
BMC Geriatr 2017 09 18;17(1):219. Epub 2017 Sep 18.
Background: Few studies have addressed the relationship between dementia and crime. We conducted a study of persons who got a primary or secondary diagnosis of dementia or cognitive disorder in a forensic psychiatric examination.
Psychiatric morbidity in the community: A population based-study from Kerala.
Senior Research Fellow, Health Action by People, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Background: Estimates of psychiatric morbidity in the community will help service development. Participation of trained nonspecialist health-care providers will facilitate scaling up of services in resource-limited settings.
Genotyping and phenotyping of CYP2D6 and CYP3A isoenzymes in patients with alcohol use disorder: correlation with haloperidol plasma concentration.
Alcohol Habits and Health Care Use in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders.
J Dual Diagn 2017 Oct-Dec;13(4):247-253. Epub 2017 Jun 30.
c School of Education, Health & Social Studies , Dalarna University , Falun , Sweden.
Psychiatric comorbidity in alcohol use disorders: results from the German S3 guidelines.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018 Apr 24;268(3):219-229. Epub 2017 Apr 24.
Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Specific impact of stimulant, alcohol and cannabis use disorders on first-episode psychosis: 2-year functional and symptomatic outcomes.
Psychol Med 2017 Oct 20;47(14):2461-2471. Epub 2017 Apr 20.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine,Université de Montréal,Montreal, Quebec,Canada.
Background: Many studies have concluded that cannabis use disorder (CUD) negatively influences outcomes in first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, few have taken into account the impact of concurrent misuse of other substances.
Vitamin D and alcohol: A review of the current literature.
Psychiatry Res 2017 Feb 27;248:83-86. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
Addiction Unit (PROAD) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
Pattern and risk of developing alcohol use disorders, illegal substance use and psychiatric disorders after early onset of alcohol use: Results of the Thai National Mental Health Survey 2013.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2017 Jan 10;170:102-111. Epub 2016 Nov 10.
Mental Health Service Administration, Department of Mental Health, 88/20 Moo 4, Soi 4, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.
Introduction: Although underage drinking is a global concern, little is known about the relationship between age at first drink and development of various psychiatric comorbidities.
Hallucinations: A Systematic Review of Points of Similarity and Difference Across Diagnostic Classes.
Schizophr Bull 2017 01 21;43(1):32-43. Epub 2016 Nov 21.
Hearing the Voice, c/o School of Education, Durham University, Durham, UK.
Lost Keys: Understanding Service Providers' Impressions of Frequent Visitors to Psychiatric Emergency Services in Singapore.
Psychiatr Serv 2017 Apr 15;68(4):390-395. Epub 2016 Nov 15.
Dr. Poremski, Ms. Lim, and Mr. Alexander are with the Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore (e-mail: ). Dr. Kunjithapatham, Ms. Koh, and Dr. Lee are with Emergency Services, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
Objective: This study used administrative data to identify characteristics of frequent users of Singapore's largest specialized psychiatric emergency department (ED). Qualitative interviews were conducted to understand staff opinions of frequent visitors.
Alcohol use is associated with thinner cerebral cortex and larger ventricles in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and healthy controls.
Psychol Med 2017 Mar 10;47(4):655-668. Epub 2016 Nov 10.
Department of Psychiatric Research,Diakonhjemmet Hospital,Oslo,Norway.
Alcohol use disorders are associated with increased affective lability in bipolar disorder.
J Affect Disord 2017 Jan 14;208:316-324. Epub 2016 Oct 14.
NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Drivers' psychiatric disorders and fatal motor vehicle accidents in Finland.
J Psychiatr Res 2017 01 15;84:227-236. Epub 2016 Oct 15.
Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Peltolantie 17, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
Treatment-Emergent Psychosis With Disulfiram in a Patient With Late-Onset Alcohol Use Disorder and No Contributory Factors.
Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India. Department of Psychiatry, JIPMER, Puducherry, India Department of Psychiatry, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.
Excess Mortality in Patients with Severe Mental Disorders in 1996-2010 in Finland.
PLoS One 2016 24;11(3):e0152223. Epub 2016 Mar 24.
Department of Health and Social Care Systems, Health and Social Systems Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Musical and poetic creativity and epilepsy.
Epilepsy Behav 2016 Apr 16;57(Pt B):234-7. Epub 2016 Feb 16.
Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N3BG, UK.
Impact of length of stay for first psychiatric admissions on the ratio of readmissions in subsequent years in a large Brazilian catchment area.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016 Apr 22;51(4):575-87. Epub 2016 Jan 22.
Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14048-900, Brazil.
Purpose: This study aims to verify the impact that the length of stay has on the rates of readmission for patients who were first admitted to various inpatient psychiatric units in a large catchment area in a middle-income country.
Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with comorbid cannabis use disorders (CUDs) in hospitalized patients with bipolar I disorder.
Compr Psychiatry 2016 Feb 23;65:57-62. Epub 2015 Oct 23.
Alpert Medical School of Brown University Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA; Butler Hospital Psychosocial Research Program, Providence, RI, USA.
Background: Published data suggest that cannabis use is associated with several negative consequences for individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), including new manic episode onset, psychosis, and functional disability. Yet much less is known about cannabis use disorders (CUDs) in this population, especially in more acutely symptomatic groups.
PLoS Med 2015 Dec 1;12(12):e1001909. Epub 2015 Dec 1.
Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Alcohol consumption and hazardous drinking in western Kenya--a household survey in a health and demographic surveillance site.
BMC Psychiatry 2015 Sep 25;15:230. Epub 2015 Sep 25.
Background: Alcohol use and hazardous drinking have been studied in school children and in urban areas of Kenya, but there has been no adult survey of these issues in a rural household population.
"It Might Actually Work This Time": Benefits and Barriers to Adapted 12-Step Facilitation Therapy and Mutual-Help Group Attendance From the Perspective of Dually Diagnosed Individuals.
Kylee J. Hagler, MS, Rosa E. Muñoz, MS, and Alyssa A. Forcehimes, PhD, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Samara L. Rice, PhD, Research Institute on Addictions, University of New York at Buffalo. Julie G. Salvador, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Rural and Community Behavioral Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque. Michael P. Bogenschutz, MD, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, and Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque.
Alcohol-related brain damage in older people.
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Academic Director for Old Age Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Risk Factors Measured During Medical School for Later Hazardous Drinking: A 10-year, Longitudinal, Nationwide Study (NORDOC).
Alcohol Alcohol 2016 Jan 3;51(1):71-6. Epub 2015 Jun 3.
Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Aims: To investigate the prevalence and temporal patterns of hazardous drinking and risk factors during medical school for future hazardous drinking among doctors.
Changes in mortality due to major alcohol-related diseases in four Nordic countries, France and Germany between 1980 and 2009: a comparative age-period-cohort analysis.
Addiction 2015 Sep 14;110(9):1443-52. Epub 2015 Jul 14.
Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs (SoRAD), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Aims: To investigate age, period and cohort effects on time trends of alcohol-related mortality in countries with different drinking habits and alcohol policies.
Design And Setting: Age-period-cohort (APC) analyses on alcohol-related mortality were conducted in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, France and Germany.
Substance use disorders in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depressive illness: a registry-based study.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015 Aug 14;50(8):1267-76. Epub 2015 Feb 14.
Purpose: To compare the prevalence and pattern of comorbid substance use disorders (SUD) between patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depressive illness.
Alcohol Alcohol 2015 Mar 12;50(2):200-5. Epub 2015 Jan 12.
Aims: To test the hypothesis of beverage-specific effect in Russia on the incidence rate of alcoholic psychoses (a known indicator of a population's alcohol-related problems).
Methods: Time series analytical modeling techniques (ARIMA) were used to examine the relation between the sales of different alcoholic beverages (vodka, wine, beer) and alcoholic psychoses incidence rate between 1970 and 2013.
Alcohol confounds relationship between cannabis misuse and psychosis conversion in a high-risk sample.
Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015 Jul 9;132(1):60-8. Epub 2015 Jan 9.
Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.
Objective: Cannabis use has been examined as a predictor of psychosis in clinical high-risk (CHR) samples, but little is known about the impact of other substances on this relationship.
Nicotine dependence and psychiatric and substance use disorder comorbidities among American Indians/Alaska Natives: findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.
Drug Alcohol Depend 2014 Nov 3;144:127-33. Epub 2014 Sep 3.
Minneapolis VA Health Care System. One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; University of Minnesota Medical School. One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
Examining the shared and unique relationships among substance use and mental disorders.
Psychol Med 2015 Apr 17;45(5):1103-13. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
Background: Co-morbidity among use of different substances can be explained by a shared underlying dimensional factor. What remains unknown is whether the relationship between substance use and various co-morbid mental disorders can be explained solely by the general factor or whether there remain unique contributions of specific substances.
Addressing adolescent substance use in a paediatric health-care setting.
J Paediatr Child Health 2014 Sep 18;50(9):726-31. Epub 2014 Jun 18.
The Department of Adolescent Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Aim: The aim of this study is to review the operation of a specialist adolescent drug and alcohol consultation liaison service in a tertiary paediatric hospital.
Method: A retrospective review of patient records was conducted to identify patient characteristics and assess service utilisation.
[Driving ability with alcohol and drug dependence and schizophrenia].
Impact of substance use on conversion to psychosis in youth at clinical high risk of psychosis.
Schizophr Res 2014 Jul 14;156(2-3):277-80. Epub 2014 May 14.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of alcohol use disorders among bipolar disorder patients: results from the Brazilian Bipolar Research Network.
Compr Psychiatry 2014 Jul 25;55(5):1116-21. Epub 2014 Feb 25.
Objectives: To investigate prevalence rates and clinical correlates of alcohol use disorders (AUD) among bipolar disorder (BD) patients in a large sample from the Brazilian Bipolar Research Network.


Freaking sweet. Now if only Sweeps would drop in and share his love for this WIP.
Indeed! Love me some retro space ladies, and this is gorgeous work.
some predator in colorpencil for ya guys!
You still drawing? I just came across this topic and holy crap. You're good at what you do. Be proud.
What do you recommend for practice techniques? I've been trying to improve at anatomy.


text:
Station Colmar-Berg (Luxemburgs: Gare Kolmer-Bierg) is een spoorwegstation in Colmar-Berg in het midden van Luxemburg. Het station ligt aan Lijn 1, Luxemburg - Troisvierges en wordt beheerd door de Luxemburgse vervoerder CFL.

Treindienst

Colmar-Berg
Colmar-Berg

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Airbnb, the juggernaut home rental startup, says the company removed 1,500 properties from the platform before releasing data on its New York City listings last November.
The company released a letter to New York state legislators on Wednesday saying the listings were from "commercial operators." The reveal comes just two weeks after independent researchers suggested Airbnb had manipulated the data on its New York City listings to downplay the number of hosts who rent more than one place. Using computer programs, the researchers found big drop-offs in listings of entire homes around the time the data went public.
The company has come under fire from regulators for becoming a platform for illegal rentals. The New York attorney general released a report last year that found almost three-quarters of Airbnb listings in New York City violated local hotel laws.
"In cities where there is a shortage of long-term housing, we are committed to working with our community to prevent short-term rentals from impacting the availability of long term housing by ensuring hosts agree to a policy of listing only permanent homes on a short-term basis," Meltzer wrote.
Airbnb now says 94% of its hosts in New York list only one place. But those Airbnb hosts renting more than one home still make up a sizeable chunk of cash: 38% of New York City Airbnb revenue comes from people listing two or more homes, Bloomberg reports.
Airbnb co-founder and CEO Brian Chesky was on The Daily Show on Wednesday evening just after the letter went public. When host Trevor Noah asked where Chesky was staying in New York, he said he was staying at an airbnb rental in the SoHo neighborhood.


We both want to thank you very much for your help and attention. As there is definitely a part of us that wanted the Upper Westside of Manhattan you never know going forward- and it may not be long before we are back in touch. You have been so gracious and diligent and really cared about us.


Jabra takes audio conferencing to a new level with Jabra Speak 510, a unique portable speakerphone enhanced with Bluetooth. You can literally turn any room into a conference room to stay focused wherever you are and increase your productivity.
Join the conversation anytime, anywhereIncrease productivity and stay focused wherever you are with Jabra Speak 510 UC, a portable unified communications speakerphone that gives you the power to literally turn any room into a conference room. You get outstanding sound quality and a plug-and-play solution that can connect to your PC via USB, tablet or smartphone via Bluetooth or USB.
Perfect to bring along Jabra Speak 510 UC has a compact design and a travel case that make it well-suited for transport. Whether it's setting up a quick conference call in someone's office, or taking it along on the road , collaboration is made easy.
Smart speaker Jabra Speak 510 UC features an intelligent microphone and a powerful speaker that enable 360-degree coverage meaning that everyone in the room can be an active part of the conference call without thinking of where the speaker are placed. This gives you a professional solution wherever you choose to place the call.
Wireless connection to PC, tablets and Bluetooth enabled mobile phones and headsets giving enhanced mobility with up to 100 meter range for Class 1 supported devices.
Plug your USB cable or connect via Bluetooth®, and simply connect Jabra Speak 510 to your PC, tablet or smartphone. That's it. You are ready to dial in and join the conversation anytime, anywhere.
Optimal user experience with seamless integration – including call control, with the leading UC/Softphone solution and any Bluetooth enabled cell phone, smartphone or tablet.


Marquis lends a unique gastronomic element to your special event through its creative culinary team. Our seasoned chefs prepare their sumptuous local and international cuisines amidst a full kitchen setup. An open kitchen set-up can be arranged for discerning clients who wish to add a fully experiential live cooking and service stations for the guests. Such stations are color-keyed to your liking from choices of a built-in LED lighting palette for a more customized touch.


Can a Pentair (Rainbow) Pro Vac vacuum head be used in a pool with a vinyl liner? Pentair's website describe these as residential & commercial vacuums but does not state if they are suitable for use with vinyl liners. I called Pentair and the customer service rep had never been asked this question before. She spoke with her supervisor who said that the ball bearing wheels could scratch the liner.
What do the pro's use when they clean residential pools? I am looking for a better vacuum than the triangle head the pool builder provided.
The vacuum heads with wheels are meant for plaster pools. Some people use them with vinyl, but I wouldn't if it were me; the wheel edges can cut the liner. What's wrong with the triangular head you have?
I was looking for something which works better than the triangular head the pool builder provided. I thought the professional model with the wheels may move easier and pick up fine sand/dirt better. I don't mind continuing to use the one I already have. Cheaper too!
this is similar to what I use for all pools, yes it is possible to damage the liner if you jam it into the edges of the pool. It's much faster than other vac's for debris but since it has no brushes it does not do well for algae.


text:
New 464 area code is coming to the Illinois 708 area code region
Information provided by the Illinois Commerce Commission
SPRINGFIELD, Ill. (January 18, 2022) – With new telephone numbers in Chicago's southern suburbs in high demand, the Illinois Commerce Commission has approved the implementation of the new 464 area code to overlay the existing 708 area code region. The 708 area code serves most of western and southern Cook County — including Lansing — and eastern and southern Will County.
Starting on January 21, 2022, customers in the 708 area code overlay region may be assigned a number in the new 464 area code when they request new service or an additional line. The 464 area code will co-exist everywhere in this region with the 708 area code. Customers receiving a 464 area code will be required to dial 1+ the area code and phone number for all local calls, just as customers with telephone numbers from the 708 area code do today.
Telephone customers should know the following key facts about the 464 area code overlay:
Telephone numbers, including current area code, will not change.
The price of a call, coverage area, or other rates and services will not change due to the overlay.
What is a local call now will remain a local call.
Customers in the overlay region will continue to dial 1+10 digits for local calls within and between the overlay area codes, and 1+10 digits for long distance calls.
Customers can still dial just three digits to reach 911, as well as 211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711 or 811 if those are currently available in their community.
Customers should continue to identify their telephone number as a 10-digit number (3-digit area code + 7-digit telephone number), and include the area code when giving the number to friends, family, business associates and customers, etc.
Customers should ensure that all services, automatic dialing equipment, or other types of equipment recognize the new 464 area code as a valid area code and should continue to store or program telephone numbers as 10-digit numbers. Some examples include but are not limited to: stored telephone numbers in contact lists in wireless or cordless phones, PBXs, fax machines, Internet dial-up numbers, speed dialers, call forwarding settings, voicemail services, medical alert devices, safety alarm security systems and gates, ankle monitors, and or other similar equipment. Customers should also ensure their websites, personal and business stationery and printed checks, advertising materials, contact information, and personal or pet ID tags include the area code.
For more information, please contact your local telephone service provider or visit the Illinois Commerce Commission website at https://www.icc.illinois.gov/
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Looking for a venue for a special birthday or anniversary – or perhaps a getaway with special friends? – La Villa de Mazamet could be exclusively yours!
Sleeping up to 12 in our luxury ensuite bedrooms, you can 'take over the house' for your own private use.
Exclusive use is available throughout our season for a minimum of three nights. Please contact us for further information on rates and availability.


text:
Dallas Cowboys General
Dallas Cowboys LT Tyron Smith makes ESPN's all-value team for 2021
The Cowboys certainly struck a team-friendly deal with Tyron Smith,
By RJ Ochoa@rjochoa Aug 18, 2021, 9:30am CDT
Share All sharing options for: Dallas Cowboys LT Tyron Smith makes ESPN's all-value team for 2021
Jason Parkhurst-USA TODAY Sports
When you look at non-quarterback players on the Dallas Cowboys there is a clear and obvious one who's presence means more to the team than most. Stephen Jones once referred to Ezekiel Elliott as the straw that stirs the drink, this isn't exactly true anyway, but the drink is housed in the glass that is Tyron Smith. He is the foundation for everything.
Smith is not only an all-world tackle (obviously his health is the most important factor), but he is amazingly an insane bargain for the Cowboys on top of that. He and the Cowboys agreed to a massive extension back in 2014 that has seen him become one of the greatest values throughout the entire National Football League over time.
Recently ESPN actually put together a team comprised of the biggest values at every position across the league. It should come as no surprise that Smith was the group's left tackle.
Offensive tackle: Tyron Smith, Dallas Cowboys
Contract: Eight years, $97.6 million, expires after 2024 season
Smith's deal belongs in the Team-friendly Contract Hall of Fame. Cowboys owner-operator Jerry Jones designed this financial perpetual motion machine way back in 2014 and immediately began tinkering with it, using Smith's contract like a low-interest home equity loan whenever he needed to clear cap space.
The details and restructurings of this contract would baffle an economics professor, but the bottom line is simple: Smith has been playing for less than market value for half a decade, and his 2021 cap number is just $7.35 million, a pittance to pay for (when healthy) an All-Pro caliber left tackle.
It's worth noting that Smith's cap figure blossoms to $17.8 million next year, but Jones' accountants will merely wave magic wands and tack more years to the end of the deal.
The Cowboys have gone back to Smith's deal to create cap space a number of times since he first signed this deal in 2014 making it an even more insane bargain than it already is. Considering that he is paid well-below market rate even after the team has toyed with it to benefit the organization makes it a home run in every capacity.
Outside of Smith there aren't a ton of great value contracts on the Cowboys relative to their positions across the league. Interestingly one of the cornerbacks on the team is a player who just left the team in Cincinnati Bengals cornerback Chidobe Awuzie.
Cornerback: Chidobe Awuzie, Cincinnati Bengals
Contract: Three years, $21.7 million, $7.5 million guaranteed, expires after 2023 season
Awuzie looked like a rising star for the Cowboys before enduring an ugly, injury-marred 2020 season. Maybe he's not as good as he looked in his first three seasons — or maybe he just got dragged down by the rest of the bumbling Cowboys defense last year. The Bengals scooped Awuzie up at a discount rate in free agency to find out.
Targeting young free agents coming off bad seasons in an offseason when few teams had money to spend is a sound strategy. Awuzie, like many of the veterans on this list (Lockett, Brockers, Andrews, Lawson, etc.), hit the free-agent market at the worst possible time. The Bengals are one of many teams that could reap the benefits for years to come.
This is certainly a hopeful description of where Awuzie's game is at in our current moment. He played hard for the Cowboys and we all want to see him have success, but he didn't necessarily play well enough to justify the second-round pick that the team spent on him four years ago.
Hopefully the Cowboys will see some other players wind up on this list in future years.


text:
package com.hengweather.android.util;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.drawable.BitmapDrawable;
import android.util.Base64;
import android.widget.ImageView;

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.hengweather.android.gson.Weather;

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * Created by liushengjie on 2017/8/14.
 * 工具类
 */

public class Utility {

    /*
    * 将返回的 JSON 数据解析成 Weather 实体类
    * */
    public static Weather handleWeatherResponse(String response) {
        try {
            JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(response);
            JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("HeWeather5");
            String weatherContent = jsonArray.getJSONObject(0).toString();
            return new Gson().fromJson(weatherContent, Weather.class);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    //保存图片到shareutils
    public static void putImageToShare(Context mContext, ImageView imageView) {
        BitmapDrawable drawable = (BitmapDrawable) imageView.getDrawable();
        Bitmap bitmap = drawable.getBitmap();
        //第一步:将bitmap压缩成字节数组输出流
        ByteArrayOutputStream byStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 80, byStream);
        //第二步:利用base64将字节数组输出流转换为string
        byte[] byteArray = byStream.toByteArray();
        String imgString = new String(Base64.encodeToString(byteArray, Base64.DEFAULT));
        //第三步:将string保存到shareutils
        ShareUtils.putString(mContext, "image_title", imgString);
    }

    //读取图片
    public static void getImageFromShare(Context mContext, ImageView imageView) {
        //第一步:拿到string
        String imgString = ShareUtils.getString(mContext, "image_title", "");
        if (!imgString.equals("")) {
            //第二步:通过base64将string转为字节数组
            byte[] byteArray = Base64.decode(imgString, Base64.DEFAULT);
            ByteArrayInputStream byStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArray);
            //第三步:生成bitmap
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(byStream);
            imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
        }
    }

    //获取版本号
    public static String getVersion(Context mContext) {
        PackageManager pm = mContext.getPackageManager();
        try {
            PackageInfo info = pm.getPackageInfo(mContext.getPackageName(), 0);
            return info.versionName;
        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return ":-(";
        }
    }

    /**
     * 截取小时天气时间 eg: 2017-2-16 18:00
     * 保留18:00
     */
    public static String getHour(String Hour) {
        String str = Hour;
        String weatherHour = str.substring(10);
        return weatherHour;
    }

    /**
     * 日期转换成星期
     * @return weekDate;
     */
    public static String getDate(String WeatherDate) {
        // 定义日期格式
        SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        Date date = null;
        try {
            date = format.parse(WeatherDate);// 将字符串转换为日期
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        String weekDate = getWeek(date);
        return weekDate;
    }

    public static String getWeek(Date date) {
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("EEEE");
        String week = sdf.format(date);
        return week;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hi all – Andy just dropped off fresh roasted coffee off this morning around 8 am (still warm). Come and get it – only 5 pounds this week.
We are picking up eggs – they will be here around 10 am today (Saturday). The hens are grouchy about the heat, so we've been a bit short on eggs. We are looking at a couple of other local farms to supplement since the eggs are definitely the most popular item.
Also, the fridge went to a better place yesterday – luckily we caught it quickly so nothing was lost. I'll have a temporary cooler with ice for any cold items today until we wrangle up another fridge.
I will be picking up a beef order in 2 weeks, so if you have any requests of Elin, let me know.


text:
Did Obama Support Stand Your Ground Laws As An Illinois Senator?
Kim LaCapria
President Obama's Stand Your Ground position is the latest of a he said/she said political dichotomy to emerge out of the Trayvon Martin case and the verdict earlier this month of "not guilty" in the trial of George Zimmerman.
At least in part, the Obama Stand Your Ground controversy stems from remarks made by the President on July 19, nearly a week after the Zimmerman verdict was rendered.
As part of a larger commentary on the case (including a lengthy rumination on living in America as a black man), Obama's Stand Your Ground mention in part addressed racial disparity in application of the laws, which are on the books in several states.
The President subtly addressed opposition to examining gun laws in the wake of gun tragedy, saying:
"And for those who resist that idea that we should think about something like these 'stand your ground' laws, I'd just ask people to consider, if Trayvon Martin was of age and armed, could he have stood his ground on that sidewalk? And do we actually think that he would have been justified in shooting Mr. Zimmerman who had followed him in a car because he felt threatened? And if the answer to that question is at least ambiguous, then it seems to me that we might want to examine those kinds of laws."
Many gun rights supporters have lived in fear of a "gun grab," collectively panicking in the aftermath of the Newtown shootings as well as the Zimmerman verdict -- and the right-leaning "Washington Times" asserted this week that then-Senator Obama was a supporter of early legislation like the Stand Your Ground law in Florida:
"In 2004, while a senator in Illinois, he co-sponsored legislation that allowed for the same rights... The pertinent legislation was SB 2386, amending the criminal code of 1961. It was introduced in the 93rd General Assembly session and passed into law on July 28, 2004."
Then Slate stepped in to clarify, noting that to say Obama's Stand Your Ground position has changed is "trolling," and that the actual circumstance is nothing like the conservative Twittersphere claims:
"Oh, you can probably guess the twist. Illinois's 2004 SB2386 was passed by a unanimous vote in the state Senate. It amended a self-defense law first passed in 1961. Alarm bells should be ringing at this point, because Florida was pretty famously the first state to pass a "stand your ground" law, a year after this Illinois bill. Have reporters been blowing that story? No: "Stand your ground" is substantively different than what Obama backed in Illinois. He backed a tweak to the 'castle doctrine... ' "
The site notes that Florida "takes the concept of the castle doctrine and turns it into a traveling force field of sorts," drastically changing the ability to apply such legal use of lethal force outside of one's castle.
Do you think Obama's Stand Your Ground position threatens gun rights?


text:
Vodafone Hutchison Australia Pty Limited
Vodafone Hutchison Australia Pty Limited ACN 096 304 620 (Vodafone) has offered and the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (pursuant to a delegation from the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC)) has accepted a court enforceable undertaking in relation to its third party billing service known as "Direct Carrier Billing" (DCB).
Access determinations (AD)
Statements given to the ACCC by an NBN corporation (such as NBN Co) under section 152BEBC of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (CCA) about differences between an access agreement (AA) and an access determination (AD).
Final Access Determination No. 1 of 2017 for the Superfast broadband access service (SBAS)
On 26 May 2017, the ACCC released its final decision on the Superfast broadband access service (SBAS) final access determination (FAD).
Final Access Determination No. 2 of 2017 for the Local bitstream access service (LBAS)
On 26 May 2017, the ACCC released its final decision on the Local bitstream access service (LBAS) final access determination (FAD).
Final Access Determination No. 1 of 2016 for the Domestic Transmission Capacity Service (DTCS)
On 21 April 2016, the ACCC released its final decision on the DTCS final access determination (FAD). This FAD replaces the previous DTCS FAD (Final Access Determination No. 1 of 2012).
On 6 June 2019, the ACCC decided to extend the existing final access determinations (FADs) for the declared fixed line services (LCS, WLR, LSS, ULLS, FOAS, FTAS, WADSL). The ACCC extended these FADs as it was not in a position to make the new FADs prior to their expiration on 30 June 2019. The existing fixed line services FADs were extended to expire on the date immediately before the day on which the new FADs come into force.
Final Access Determination No. 1 of 2015 for the Mobile Terminating Access Service (MTAS)
On 24 August 2015, the ACCC released its final decision on the MTAS final access determination (FAD). This FAD replaces the previous MTAS FAD (Final Access Determination No. 7 of 2011).
Remove s.93AA undertaking filter s.93AA undertaking 5
Remove Line sharing service determinations filter Line sharing service determinations 32
Remove Line Sharing Service filter Line Sharing Service 3
Remove Current filter Current 5


text:
'The Little Things…'
Can a rock'n'roll tour go green? 'The little things add up to the big things,' says Mike Martin, who leads the team working to make The Joshua Tree Tour 2017 more environmentally friendly. Cathleen Falsani reports.
Hey, hold on a second!
Yes, you with the see-through plastic bag in your hand—the one that that Joshua Tree tour t-shirt came in when you bought it at the merch table during the show last night.
Before you toss it in the garbage bin, take a look at the bottom of the bag. (We'll wait…)
That's right. It's 100 percent COMPOSTABLE.
Compostable "merch" bags are among a number of initiatives aimed at reducing the environmental impact of The Joshua Tree 2017 tour.
From macro-level efforts such as off-setting the overall CO2 emissions from tour transportation and inviting fans to take public transport or carpool to the concerts, to the nitty-gritty details such as asking venues to use paper rather than plastic straws, making sure trucks have their tires properly inflated, and providing vegetarian or vegan options at each meal for the nearly 200 staff and crew members who travel with the band on tour, the band are working with Live Nation to reduce and mitigate the environmental impact of touring a rock'n'roll show.
"The little things add up to big things," said Michael Martin, founder and CEO of EFFECT Partners, the tour's official environmental advisor. "As one of the biggest music touring acts today, U2 has the ability to drive progress in the greening of touring. What they do inspires others and we hope the actions they have been taking on this tour, and their previous two tours, will help show other acts they can also go greener."
Martin, who also has worked on global tours with Jack Johnson, Dave Matthews Band, and The Black Eyed Peas, among others, has been a pioneer in efforts to help the music industry reduce its environmental impact, introducing the "EnviroRider," carbon offsets, biodiesel, and a host of other sustainability innovations.
Before 2009's U2360˚ Tour, Live Nation commissioned Martin to address three key areas of sustainability: touring production, venue operations, and raising awareness within the fan community. To that end, two full-time staff members were added to help build more green practices into the tour. The results were so promising that eight years later, when the band hit the road for The Joshua Tree Tour 2017, the greening initiatives of U2360˚ had helped the industry to start thinking differently.
Members of U2's touring crew, for example, are provided with a reusable water bottle and encouraged to fill it at a Bevi water station backstage. "Producing these desert songs is thirsty work," reads a memo sent to the crew. "In fact, the average team member goes through about 5-10 plastic bottles of water a day. It's important to stay hydrated, but those plastic bottles are a heavy burden on the planet and your body."
Whenever possible, venues are asked to allow concertgoers to use refillable water bottles and to provide clear signage for water stations, recycling, and (when it's an option) composting.
Martin and his partners employ a strategic, scientific approach to reducing the tour's environmental impact by looking at four areas: waste, water, energy, and fan communications.
"Where is there waste? Where could there be energy saving?" Martin said. "We quantify the things we can get our arms around."
The Bevi™ water station, for instance, keeps track electronically of how much water is dispensed so Martin and his team can quantify how many plastic bottles have been saved during the tour. Similarly, when venues make waste disposal data available, they track it, compare it to other tours, and analyze the difference in waste output between venues with recycling and composting and those without.
Other green efforts being incorporated into the Joshua Tree tour include the recycling of guitar strings (they're changed daily); using a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in some markets; and plans to sell commemorative reusable beverage cups at venues.
On transportation-related emissions, Martin and team catalogue the model number of every truck, bus, limo, and aircraft used throughout the tour to track meticulously the total mileage, which determines total CO2 emissions, which are then offset. All of the tour's offsets are validated and verified according to the Gold Standard, a global leader in carbon offset standards, ensuring they have the highest quality environmental and sustainable development benefits. "With CO2 emissions, first of all we try to reduce them, and then we offset what we can't," he said.
"Surprisingly, the biggest aspect of any tour's environmental footprint is often fan travel," Martin said. So his team work with venues on fan communications, producing travel FAQs about public transportation, ride shares, and shuttles, and sometimes making bicycle racks and special parking for electric or hybrid cars available.
When he began working with the band in 2009, Martin designed an offset that had never before been attempted: his team identified villages in the African rainforest—the Siaya and Bondo counties of Kenya—where villagers cut down trees for firewood in order to boil and purify drinking water. Following the tour, villagers were provided with water filters to purify their drinking water, something that improved quality of life for over 10,000 people and also protected the rainforest.
"That became the offset for the 360° tour," Martin explained. "It was such a successful model that it's now being implemented in seven countries on three continents by other bands, non-profits, and corporations."
For the Innocence + Experience tour in 2015, the team used the same model, this time in the Santrokofi community of Ghana. Villagers were provided with water filters again, but with a new twist: recipients pay about 25 cents apiece per month for the filters—an amount that is affordable for all and gives villagers ownership of the devices. The 25-cent payments are collected, aggregated, and 100 percent of the funds are used to buy food and other supplies for the Santrokofi community, Martin said.
Stay tuned for the next evolution of this innovative offset model for the Joshua Tree 2017 Tour.
"It used to be that greening was the exception, but after years of doing this work alongside other forward-looking bands, U2 is having a real impact on the industry," Martin said. "All along, they just have quietly done the right thing for the planet."
If you have any additional ideas of how we can continue our efforts, email Martin and his team at info@effectpartners.com
You must be a logged-in member to add comments.
BONOBOMUSIC
keenevision
Very insightful
Brilliant bit about using water filters to save trees! I love that you encourage and support these ideas!
Tyta
I love you!!!!
Rebs87
Sweet! I can't fathom not using a metal water bottle every day of my life, wherever I am, and to have your whole team doing it definitely makes a difference as does responsible transportation and all the other initiatives you are working on. I am always surprised how little people know about the difference our actions can make. Leading by example works wonders!
Very proud
Very proud of the crew of U2 who make this possible because all efforts help for a better environment. Way the go guys!!
xabimichael
to promote the use of public transport it would be great if for example your concert ticket would be usable as a ticket for the tram, train, well any means of public transport. Some cities already do this but it would be great if this would be a general rule. Like that a lot of people leave either there car at home or park it outside the already congested cities .
garyquintana
Tough Work
I can only imagine the break down of equipment. You guys the engineers are the ones who make this happen. Amazing.
jenstone83
Little things add up!
I just have to say, I was in complete shock when the fans started clearing out at New Era Field. When the lights came on, I was shocked by the amount of garbage all over the stadium floor. I know it can be difficult because of restrictions on what you can bring into the stadium. I used my clear bag to hold my garbage and disposed of it on my way out of the stadium. I felt horrible walking past all the garbage on my way out. It makes me proud to be a fan of a band that takes such strides and cares about making an impact like this. It inspires me to do more.
aktoongyaby
Little things,Big Earth
So happy to hear about all the ways the tour is offsetting it's carbon footprint on the world. Walked by The Lucas Oil Stadium yesterday and saw one of the biodiesel trucks there,so saw it first hand.Plan on walking back tonight to see a little show with allot of people. Keep up the good work every body.
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Kildare Focus
Ciara Plunkett
Stephan Barrett
Ballitore, Athy
Reposing at Doyle's Funeral Home, Ballymount today, Tuesday from 3pm.
Prayers at 8 O'clock.
Removal by PJ Willis Funeral Director on Wednesday at 10.15am, to the Church of Sts Mary and Laurence, Crookstown, via Ballitore, arriving for Requiem Mass at 11 O'clock.
Burial thereafter is the adjoining cemetery.
Manchester Arena Bomber's Brother Is Being Extradited To The UK.
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The Metal Life Car: The Inventor, the Imposter, and the Business of Lifesaving
by George E. Buker
For centuries sailing vessels crept along the coastline, ready to flee ashore in case of danger or trouble; this worked well until weather or poor sailing drove these ships against an unforgiving coast. Saviors and salvors (often the same people) struggled to rescue both humans and cargo, often with results as tragic for them as for the sailors and passengers. Joseph Francis (b. Boston, Massachusetts, 1801) was an inventor who also had the ability to organize a business to produce his inventions and the salesmanship to sell his products. His metal lifeboats, first used in survey expeditions in Asia Minor and Central America, came into demand among the world's merchant marine, the U.S. Navy, and the U.S. Revenue Service. His corrugated "life car" was the keystone to development of the U.S. Life-Saving Service. Francis's metal bateaux and lifeboats played an important role in the Third Seminole War in Florida. His metal pontoon army wagons served in the trans-Mississippi campaigns against the Indians. In Europe, he was acclaimed as a genius and sold patent rights to shipyards in Liverpool and the Woolwich Arsenal in England, Le Havre seaport in France, in the free city of Hamburg, and in the Russian Empire. But while Francis was busy in Europe, Captain Douglass Ottinger, U.S. Revenue Marine Service, claimed to be the inventor of Francis's life car and obtained support in the U.S. Congress and the Patent Office for his claim. Francis had to battle for decades to prove his rights, and Americans remained generally unfamiliar with his devices, thereby condemning Civil War armies to inferior copies while Europe was using, and acclaiming, his inventions.
The January 2011 revision of the Coast Guard reading list


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Name Brand Port Authority Men's Short Sleeve Easy Care Shirt. Look great with no hassle. This easy care shirt looks terrific right out of the wash. Wrinkle resistance makes them ideal for travel. Lightweight and comfortable they're a perfect choice for uniforming. Tremendous classic styling with functionality that never lets you down.


Posts related to coinsurance as an element of cost sharing for the health insurance plan member.
One of the most baffling health plan descriptions is the 2016 Bronze 60 health plan that states that the member is responsible for 100% coinsurance after the deductible. Most people who read this immediately shake their head and think, "I have to pay for all of my health care services EVEN AFTER I meet the deductible?" There really is no reason to buy health insurance if it never helps with the costs. The second part of the equation, not always referenced, is the calendar year maximum out-of-pocket amount of the Bronze plan which does limit a health plan members health care expenses.
The confusion over the colonoscopy billing is detailed in a new report Coverage of Colonoscopies Under the Affordable Care Act's Prevention Benefit.


Your physical therapist, Rucha, has been working with my mother, Leonida, the past few months and I wanted to send a note to say how extremely pleased we were with her.
Besides being very dependable, patient, and professional, we noticed significant improvement in my mother's flexibility and strength since Rucha began working with her. It's a disappointment that we have to stop seeing her due to the Medicare rules, but I thought it important to let you know how satisfied and impressed we have been with her work.
In addition, our visiting nurse, Linda, is truly perfect in every way and it's one of the few comforts we have at this difficult time to be taken care of by such a knowledgeable, experienced, caring and professional nurse. It's not a surprise to us since we followed Linda from her previous agency to Summit Home Health, but again, I felt I should let you know how happy we are to have her as our nurse.
If anything, I probably have the reputation of being hard to please and have been more likely to complain about the poor care my mother has received from hospitals, nursing homes, and home care professionals, but you should know that these two employees of yours are indeed superior to most.
Just a note to let you know what a gem you have in your nurse Liz. It took me some time to get around to writing you as my mom, Rose, died in November. Liz was wonderful with her. She monitored her vitals but made it pleasant for her. Mom would ask when she's coming and would look forward to her visits. Liz really deserves some kind of recognition (a raise?). We certainly appreciated her.
Please accept my grateful appreciation for the care and kindness I received from visiting nurse, Phillips and Physical Therapist, Rucha. They were superb in every way and made my recovery so much easier. I have a new appreciation of PT! How I miss looking forward to their visits.
Over the past summer, my husband went through major surgery. After being released from Brentwood Rehabilitation Center, he was assigned home care through Summit Home Health. His speech therapist assigned to him was Varsha. She has experience working with patients who suffer from Parkinson's and other speech problems. Her knowledge of this disorder gives her the ability to work with each individual patient on a very personal level. She takes the patient from where they are and greatly improves their speech ability. She also shows her patients so many helpful hints and easy therapies that one can use in their daily life.
Varsha is always very professional in her approach, yet she tempers it with compassion and concern. Varsha is a pleasant and engaging person to work with and it was a pleasure to have her come into our home.
I would like to tell you what wonderful therapists you employ. My husband used several therapists, a nurse Simmy, she was so competent and thorough in her work. Also, Ian was very good in helping Ned gain strength to walk. We also used Abba for Occupational Therapy and he was very helpful to Ned in regaining strength in his arms.
Just a short note to let you know that the therapist your firm sent to my house was terrific. I was not an easy patient. I had complete knee replacement, but I also had several other problems she had to deal with (Chronic dizziness and low back pain). She worked around these problems and had me walking sooner than I would have thought possible. I feel her work with me was A+. I don't know her last name, but her first name is Tina. I'm sure you can check your records and know whom I mean.


Some oil producers are using chemical management and saving up to 10 percent in chemical costs.
By Richard Irwin, Senior Product Marketer, Asset Performance, Bentley Systems, Inc.
While oil prices are rising once again after the sharp decline over the last few years, there is still great emphasis on significantly reducing costs across all areas of production, both on and off shore. One area that is often overlooked in terms of applying solutions is the use of chemicals throughout production and processing. The injection of chemicals in a controlled and reliable process across an operation, be it land-based or offshore, is a key factor in the productivity, efficiency, and profitability of oil and gas producers. Applying a chemical management solution to an operation or field affects availability, performance, and maintenance in beneficial ways.
In the past, chemical usage was typically unmonitored. Often, there would be a tendency to add more than necessary to ensure pipes were never under dosed. What was thought of as an acceptable cost and part of the production process is now proven to be a waste of money and resources if not properly monitored and managed.
Now, it is critical to inject the prescribed chemical at the recommended dosage rate and use a chemical management system's analytics to record and report on the exact recommended dosage, which changes based on various parameters and conditions.
Inexact dosing can keep the chemical from reacting in the way it is intended, which can lead to hydrate formation (ice-like solids that form when free water and natural gas combine at high pressure and low temperature). Imprecise dosing can also lead to fines for the operator and damaged equipment, which can lead to costly unplanned process downtime. Due to the wide variety of chemicals used across the operation, the cost of over injecting can quickly mount if left unchecked. A reliable and robust chemical management system should deliver 10 percent savings in chemical costs or more.
One of the main challenges in creating a successful chemical management system concerns data. Chemical injection dosages, tank levels, and chemical inventory should be monitored and produce data from which you can draw insights. If you are monitoring data, it needs to be reliable, not have any gaps, be accessible to those that need it in a timely manner. One of the main challenges for effective chemical management is connecting all relevant data and information sources together for reliable and accurate decision making.
The need for a dedicated chemical management system operating within a connected data environment should be high on the "strategic to-do list" for oil producers. While SCADA systems are popular for storing data, you need the right analytics and visibility to gain timely insights and act upon them to get the most out of your data. Many operations have separate applications collecting data for different engineering disciplines, such as chemicals, corrosion, integrity, erosion, production, environmental, and lab analysis to name but a few. The difficulty comes in bringing all data sources together in one system to provide a complete picture of chemical management and production.
In today's digitally connected world, many processes are still manual and isolated, and a lot of time is wasted collating and analysing data. By the time reports are produced, the information is already out of date. This inefficiency and ineffectiveness can be a result of data that is manually entered, stored in multiple or remote locations, in different formats, or is simply hard to access. To address this problem, Bentley's AssetWise solution is underpinned by a connected data environment and is an illustration of how interoperability is the cornerstone of information accessibility. AssetWise allows the seamless integration of isolated systems and processes that bring the information you need into the Operational Analytics platform for consolidation and analysis. The data is turned into actionable information and viewed within dashboards that are easily tailored to specific needs.
A dedicated chemical management system will report on measurements like flow rates, levels, and discharge pressures. It will also be committed to providing alerts regarding any upcoming events that affect production, such as notice of potential equipment failure and drops in pressure or flow rates. The system can automatically inform events maintenance, so they can plan and schedule corrective action before the asset fails, as opposed to requiring unplanned site visits after a failure occurs.
With the large and complex set of assets, systems, components, and parts that make up any given operation, there are numerous things that can go wrong that affect process flow rates and pressures, operating temperatures, and the like, such as general wear and tear, equipment fatigue, and human error. It only takes a small change in one of these variables to upset the condition and performance of a finely tuned system, where the consequences of a small error can be large and costly if left unchecked. It's important to know the day-to-day metrics of production against targets, chemical usage, and discharge, so you can measure performance effectively. However, it's also crucial to have a system that recognises these changes (or the results of these changes) and can address them and alert personnel to the problem before it happens.
A chemical management solution should have a template and replication feature to create a standard for commonly used systems and structures so that new additions to the registry can be swiftly uploaded. Any changes that need to be done across multiple sites or assets can be replicated across all required points easily by adjusting the template for a specific instance.
Many assets are owned by multiple vendors, so a flexible, yet secure, chemical management system is necessary for tracking who is using what while maintaining the security and privacy of each vendor. Each vendor needs to have their own secure access to the system. This would also include the ability to schedule truck services for manual sampling and injections so that vendors are aware of what chemicals are needed, where they need to be applied, and when they need to be applied, which is crucial, especially when dealing with assets across a large geographic area. This allows each vendor secure monitoring of their own activities and integrity maintenance of confidential information, while the overall operator has access and control of all information.
A critical, but often forgotten, requirement of a chemical management system is to create and maintain the chemical list. This is due to the variety and nature of the different chemicals used. As some chemicals become more concentrated, they could have a detrimental effect on the performance of the equipment with which they interact. The viscosity and frequency of chemicals also plays a large role in flow rates, pressure, temperatures, and general wear and tear. Creating and maintaining a chemical list is important within a chemical management solution to not only track chemical levels, but also to track chemical performance, suitability, and risk.
Lastly, the use of chemical injection systems is subjected to extreme conditions. These systems are often placed in remote hostile environments where the elements alone can cause serious equipment failure. Therefore, it is even more important to monitor and manage these assets closely to prevent failures. When operating in these harsh conditions, it is inevitable that these injection systems will eventually fail; it is a question of when, rather than if. Having a reliability strategy in place, such as the AssetWise Asset Reliability solution, that runs alongside the operational chemical management solution, such as the AssetWise Operational Analytics, is a win-win situation that serves the purpose of increasing uptime, reliability, and availability across the operation by driving a proactive approach to managing the maintenance of chemical injection pumps and equipment.
A reliable chemical management solution is the way forward to managing chemical costs and optimising usage by ensuring you are applying the correct chemicals at the optimal rate to deliver best and continuous operating performance. Eliminate the nightmare created by spreadsheets, isolated data, unreliable information, and out-of-date information and replace it with a dedicated solution that brings all the important data together in one application. By doing so, you will dramatically reduce chemical costs, becoming more efficient, productive, and cost-effective.


We have 325 students from Kindergarten (4 year olds) to Year 6's (12 year olds). The students are placed in 14 classes with majority being comprised of two year levels. This allows the teachers to link students into the learning at the point of need for a student whether this be remediation or extension.
Apart from the class teacher, the students have the opportunity to learn from a specialist in Science, Physical Education, Japanese and Music. We also have the expertise on staff to form a choir for special occasions and visits.
The school is fortunate to have strong links with Belmont City College and through this, select students can take advantage of drama sessions. This is a very stimulating and effective programme which is looking to expand into science and mathematics.
The school also has the opportunity to extend students via our district Primary Extension and Challenge programme (PEAC) also within our school a KEP program (Kewdale extension Programme). We have a school based remedial programme based on Multilit and Cracking the Code, all are designed to assist students reach their potential.
Resources in the school are continuously being improved and built on. All staff who desired a interactive device for teaching have access to one and the classes make extensive use of the school's computer lab. In 2014 iPads were introduced allowing in-class computer work making use of the school Wi Fi system.


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Bourgneuf-en-Retz era una comuna francesa situada en el departamento de Loira Atlántico, de la región de Países del Loira, que el 1 de enero de 2016 pasó a ser una comuna delegada de la comuna nueva de Villeneuve-en-Retz al fusionarse con la comuna de Fresnay-en-Retz.

Demografía

Los datos demográficos contemplados en este gráfico de la comuna de Bourgneuf-en-Retz se han cogido de 1800 a 1999 de la página francesa EHESS/Cassini, y los demás datos de la página del INSEE.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Bourgneuf-en-Retz
Bourgneuf-en-Retz


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The Ghost Woods Adventure
Okumarts Games
The Ghost Woods Adventure is the first in a series of three old school inspired adventure modules for use with Darkfast Dungeons AND Swords & Wizardry: White Box.
A desperate dwarf seeks the help of the party to rescue his son, stolen by orcs and soon to be sacrificed by an evil death cult. It's up to the heroes to rescue the child and stop the summoning of a powerful monster.
This adventure also has information on the town of Nettle and encounter and rumour tables to keep things interesting in many fun spin off adventures.
This game opens up the Darkfast Dungeon game to more "theatre of the mind" game play, but it will require a GM to referee the game. It's a whole new way to play Darkfast Dungeons.
This adventure includes a new character class for Swords and Wizardry: White Box.
Set in the Kingdom of Richard, a series of modules and gazetteers will help flesh out this setting that I created as my original D&D campaign back in 1981.
Chad K June 02, 2017 5:42 pm UTC
When will the scenario packs from the Kickstarter be released? I was a Paypal backer. Bugbear Crown, and some others....its been a long time.
David Okum
D&D-OGL
Classic D&D/AD&D
dfd_013