text:
\section{New Cosmic Messengers}
Gravitational waves (GWs) are a new type of cosmic messenger, bringing direct information about the
properties and dynamics of sources such as compact object mergers and stellar collapse.
The observable GW spectrum spans over 18 orders of magnitude in frequency,
ranging from phenomena generated in the earliest moments of
the Universe to vibrations of stellar-mass black holes (BHs).

For time domain astronomy, two GW frequency bands stand out as being especially promising. The high
frequency band,  $\sim$($1 - 10^4$) Hz, will be opened by ground-based interferometric detectors starting around
mid-decade.  The strongest sources in this band are expected to be the mergers of stellar-mass compact objects,
primarily BH binaries, neutron star (NS) binaries, and BH-NS binaries in the local universe out to  $\sim$several
hundred Mpc.  The low frequency band,  $\sim$($10^{-4} - 10^{-1}$) Hz,
will be opened by space-based detectors in the 2020s.
Merging massive black hole (MBH) binaries, with masses in the range $\sim$($10^3 - 10^7$) $M_{\odot}$,
detectable out to high redshifts $z > 10$, are expected to be the strongest sources here and the ones of greatest
interest to time domain astronomy.
Other sources include inspirals of compact objects into central MBHs in
galaxies and compact stellar binaries with periods of tens of minutes
to hours\footnote{The very low frequency band,
$\sim$($10^{-9} - 10^{-6}$) Hz, will be opened by pulsar timing arrays later this decade.
The most likely sources in this region are binaries containing MBHs of $\sim10^9 M_{\odot}$.}.

The GWs emitted by binaries typically evolve upwards in frequency with time. When the binary
components are well-separated and spiraling together due to GW emission, the waveform is a sinusoid
increasing in frequency and amplitude, also called a chirp.  The final merger, in which the binary components
coalesce, produces a burst of radiation; this is followed by a ringdown phase in which the merged remnant
typically settles down to an equilibrium configuration.  The timescales for these phases depend primarily on the
masses of the binary components.  For compact remnants, the inspiral might be detectable for about a
minute, while the merger and ringdown occur on timescales of roughly a few to tens of milliseconds. The
detailed nature of the merging objects, for example moduli of the neutron star crust, is revealed in these last
few milliseconds. For MBH binaries, space-based detectors typically will be able to observe the inspiral for
several months.  The ensuing merger and ringdown then occur over minutes to hours.

The possibility of electromagnetic (EM) counterparts of these GW sources raises exciting prospects for multi-
messenger astronomy in the time domain. An EM counterpart greatly boosts confidence in a GW
detection [\cite{kp93}]. EM counterparts may be a precursor, possibly associated with the
binary inspiral; a flash, triggered during the merger and/or ringdown phases; or an afterglow. The timescales for
these signals depend on emissions from gas in the vicinity of the binary and can vary widely depending on the
type of EM emission produced.  Afterglows in particular can be very long-lived.

The opportunities for GW-EM multi-messenger time domain astronomy generated lively and fruitful discussions
during a two-session workshop at the symposium.  This report presents the highlights from the workshop.

\section{High Frequency Gravitational Waves:  Getting Ready for Detection}
The GW window onto the universe is expected to open around the middle of this decade, when the GW signals
from compact binaries are first detected by ground-based interferometers with kilometer-scale arms. These first
detections will mark the culmination of decades of development by hundreds of scientists world-wide, and will
inaugurate a new era in GW astronomy. This section begins with a status report on these efforts, and then
highlights important questions and challenges for this new era in multi-messenger time domain astronomy.

\subsection{Status Update}
Currently there are three full-scale ground-based interferometric observatories: LIGO runs the
4-km observtories located in Hanford, Washington and Livingston, Louisiana, and the 3-km French-Italian
Virgo detector
located near Pisa, Italy.  Both LIGO and Virgo were planned to be developed in stages. The initial
detectors would be full-scale interferometers able to detect rare (nearby) events; the advanced detectors would
be about a factor of 10 more sensitive, able to make multiple detections per year and be true observational
tools.

LIGO and Virgo have successfully reached their initial design sensitivities,
completing several science data-taking runs in 2009-2010. By current astrophysical estimates of stellar-mass
mergers, this period of months of observation would have yielded a detection with probability $<2\%$ [\cite{abadie2010}].
Rather than waiting decades for a strong enough signal, LIGO and Virgo are undergoing upgrades to make
joint detection rates at least yearly, perhaps weekly. Early science runs with Advanced LIGO/Virgo
could start by mid-decade.
As of September 2011, Virgo is still operating; the upgrade to Advanced
Virgo is expected to follow the Advanced LIGO upgrade by about a year.  Construction has also
begun in Japan for the Large-Scale Cryogenic Gravitational-wave Telescope (LCGT, [\cite{kuroda2010}]), an advanced
detector that could start operating by the end of this decade.  Another advanced detector may also be built in
India.

The initial LIGO and Virgo detectors have been used to carry out science runs, deriving upper limits on sources
within their observational reach, and to develop data-analysis and detection strategies.  An EM follow-up
program and a blind-injection test were exercised during the 2009-2010 science runs, providing valuable
experience for the advanced detector era, and having particular significance for this workshop.
The follow-up program incorporated a prompt search for EM counterparts triggered by GW transients
[\cite{Abbott:2011ys}].  Candidate GW events and their possible sky locations were identified using a low-latency
analysis pipeline. The most promising sky positions for EM imaging were selected using a catalog of nearly
galaxies and Milky Way globular clusters.   This directional information was sent to partner telescopes around
the globe, as well as the Swift gamma ray satellite, (see Figure 1) within $\sim$30 min.  Nine such events were
followed up by at least one telescope [\cite{Abbott:2011ys}].

\begin{figure}[h]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.88\textwidth]{telescopes}}
\caption{Telescopes that participated in the LIGO-Virgo EM follow-up exercise.  Figure from Ref.
[\cite{Abbott:2011ys}]}
\end{figure}

A blind injection test was also carried out during September 2010 [\cite{BigDog}].
In this process, designed to provide
a stress-test for the full data analysis pipeline and science procedures, signals were secretly injected into the
detector data stream by a small group of analysts.  The parameters of these signals were sealed in an envelope,
to be opened only after the full collaboration had searched the data and carried out a full exercise of the
processes leading from potential detection to approval of a publication.  In this case, a strong chirp signal was
observed in the data shortly after injection.  The data was vetted, sky positions were determined, and the GW
trigger information was sent to several EM telescopes.   As part of the process, LIGO and Virgo prepared a data
release representative of what could be released to the community when the first actual detections are made;
see [\cite{BigDogData}].

\subsection{Expectations about GW Source Detection}
GWs are produced by the dynamical motion of massive objects in spacetime.  Since they couple very weakly to
matter, GWs are ideal cosmic messengers to bring information from dark hidden regions within galaxies.  This
section highlights some key expectations gleaned from studies of GW source detection, focusing on compact
binary sources.

{\bf How many compact binaries are expected to be observed by advanced ground-based GW detectors?}
Rates for
detection by Advanced LIGO and Virgo are estimated using projected
detector sensitivities, and compact binary merger rates derived from either the observed sample of galactic binary pulsars or population
synthesis results [\cite{abadie2010}]. A network comprising three advanced detectors are
expected to detect between 0.4 and 400 NS/NS binaries per year, with the most realistic estimate being about 40
per year, out to a distance of $\sim$450 Mpc for optimally oriented sources (that is, face-on and located
directly above the detector).  For stellar BH binaries (with each BH having mass $\sim10 M_{\odot}$), the
rates range from 0.2 to 300 detections per year, most realistically $\sim$20 per year, out to $\sim$2000 Mpc.  And for
NS-BH binaries (where the BH has a mass $\sim10 M_{\odot}$), the rates range from 0.2 to 300 per year, with the most realistic estimate being $\sim$10 per year,
out to $\sim$900 Mpc.  Averaging over the sky and the source orientation reduces these all distance ranges by a
factor of about two [\cite{Finn}].

{\bf What properties of these sources can be measured by observing the GWs emitted?}
GWs carry direct
information about their sources.  Broadly speaking, applying parameter estimation techniques to analyze the
gravitational waveforms yields the binary masses, spins, and orbital elements, as well as extrinsic parameters
such as the distance and position on the sky [\cite{Cutler:1994ys}].
Eventually it is hoped that the global GW network
can elucidate deep secrets of extreme matter, ripped by space itself, through analysis of the merger waveform.

{\bf How well can these sources be localized on the sky?}
GW detectors are all-sky monitors.  A single
interferometer has a broad antenna pattern and poor directional sensitivity.  Comparing the time of arrival of
the signals in more than one detector allows for localization of the source on the sky.  Using the network of
three advanced detectors (Virgo plus the two LIGO sites), the source's sky position can be reconstructed to a
region of $\sim$1 to 100 deg$^2$ [e.g. \cite{Fairhurst, Wen, Nissanke:2011ax}].
Adding additional interferometers, in particular one located out of
the LIGO-Virgo plane such as LIGO India, brings improvements of
factors $\sim$3 [\cite{Schutz:2011}].  Note that the search regions are
irregularly shaped and can have non-contiguous `islands' if the signals are near threshold (see Figure 2), as
expected for many LIGO-Virgo sources.

\begin{figure}[h]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.88\textwidth]{BigdogAladin-color}}
\caption{Non-contiguous search islands, illustrated with the Aladin `astronomical information system' [\cite{Aladin}].
By converting the skymap to Healpix/FITS format,
it can be compared directly with other astronmical images and catalogs.
The panel `LVC (mock)' corresponds to the skymap released as [\cite{BigDogData}],
with at least seven islands visible.
Other panels show the same sky with other maps for comparison:
left: WMAP data,
lower-left: SIMBAD graduated catalog, and
right: the Optical sky (DSS), where the galaxy M31 can be seen. }
\end{figure}

{\bf What types of information can EM astronomers expect to receive from GW observatories?}
The advanced
detector network will be able to supply the signal time of arrival and sky localization of the source, along with an
estimate of the false alarm rate (FAR).  For merging compact binaries, the masses and spins of the components
along with the inclination and luminosity distance will also be available.  Other information may also be
released; see [\cite{BigDogData}] and Figure 2 for an example.

{\bf When will LIGO publically release rapid alerts for afterglow observers?}
Rapid release of triggers ($\sim$minutes) will begin under one of three criteria, according to the LIGO Data
Management Plan [\cite{DMP}]: after a GW detection has been confirmed and the collaboration agrees to begin
the public program; or after a large volume of space-time has been searched by LIGO; or if the detectors
have been running for a long time. It is hoped that this release could be as early as 2016. It should be noted,
however, that these criteria may be changed in the future and the release date brought forward.

\subsection{Observing EM Counterparts:  Challenges and Opportunities}
Mergers of NS/NS and NS/BH binaries are expected to generate EM radiation in several wavelength bands.
Coupling observations of EM radiation and GWs from these sources opens up exciting new avenues for
exploration.  Since many GW detections may be near threshold, identification of an EM counterpart would
provide additional confirmation of the event.  Direct measurements of the binary properties through GW
observations will allow testing and deeper understanding of the underlying astrophysical models currently
inferred only from EM radiation.  This section captures exciting and challenging issues in this arena.

{\bf Which astrophysical phenomena generate promising EM counterparts to NS-NS and NS-BH mergers?}
These
mergers are expected to produce collimated jets, observed near the axis as short-duration gamma-ray bursts
(SGRBs).  Afterglows from interactions of a jet with gas around the burst can be observed in the optical (near the
axis, on timescales of hours to days) and radio (isotropically, over
weeks to years).  A `kilonova' may also be
produced from radioactive decay of heavy elements synthesized in the
ejecta, yielding weak optical afterglows lasting
several days [\cite{Li:1998}].  Note that SGRBs are rare within the
distance observable by Advanced LIGO and Virgo.  Thus the
isotropic emissions, particularly those from kilonovae, are likely the most promising observable EM
counterparts. See [\cite{Metzger:2011bv}] for details.

{\bf What information will EM astronomers want from the GW observatories?}
Most astronomers will first want
the time and sky location of the event to do the follow-up; information about the binary components and orbits
will be valuable for understanding the underlying astrophysics.  A smaller group of scientists may also want the
gravitational wave time series information.  The means of distributing this information is currently being worked
out.

{\bf Which astronomical instruments will be especially useful in searching for EM counterparts?}
Satellites such as
Swift and Fermi are needed to find GRBs, which we expect to be coincident with GW detections; but only if the
axis of the inspiral system points to the Earth (`beaming').
Other $\gamma$/X satellite observatories, current and planned, include MAXI,
SVOM, and AstroSat. Rapid follow-up by ground-based optical telescopes with wide fields of view
(such as PTF-2, Pan-STARRS, LSST and others) and radio
telescopes (LOFAR, ASKAP, EVLA etc) will search for the afterglows.

{\bf Which EM follow-up strategies will produce the best astrophysical results?}
In the simplest scenario, all follow-
up telescopes operate independently, pointing at the regions identified as having the greatest probability of
containing the target.  Since the source error regions on the sky from GW events will be relatively large
irregularly-shaped regions that may have non-contiguous islands, many EM counterparts, particularly afterglows
of relatively short duration, will be missed in this approach.  Coordinated EM follow-up, in which many
telescopes operate cooperatively to cover the source region, can dramatically increase the odds of imaging an
EM counterpart [\cite{Singer}].

{\bf Would it be possible to observe the immediate optical `flash',
that is expected within seconds of the merger time?}
There are all-sky optical monitors in operation and in planning. The `Pi Of The Sky' observatory can locate
such a very fast transient in time, to within seconds [\cite{PiOfTheSky}]
to fainter than magnitude 12, and the planned
global monitoring system from Los Alamos and LCOGT [\cite{Wren}] will have the advantage of much higher duty
cycle, due to its distributed nature and multiple telescopes at each site.

{\bf How early a notice of a GW trigger is useful, and possible?}
Since early notification increases not only the odds
of successfully imaging the counterpart, but also the amount and types of information that will be gained, send
the notices as early as possible.  For the recent follow-up program carried out by LIGO and Virgo, the notices
were sent out within 30 min of detection [\cite{Abbott:2011ys}]; efforts are continuing to
reduce this latency to 1 minute.
Detecting the GW signal during the binary inspiral (before the merger) and releasing this information before the
burst occurs is even more interesting and challenging; see [\cite{Cannon:2011vi}] for an early study.

{\bf Which triggers should be followed up? How low a significance is tolerable?}
Nearby strong GW sources should have a low false-alarm rate (FAR) and produce more robust data,
including more accurate values for the binary parameters and sky
location.  But signals near threshold might be more common.  The answers to these questions will depend on
the actual detection rate.

{\bf What more information about the local universe is needed to be ready for the data from Advanced LIGO and Virgo?}
Two items in particular are needed:  a complete publicly-available
catalog of nearby galaxies [\cite{White,Kulkarni:2009}], and an
inventory of known transients within the reach of Advanced LIGO and Virgo.
It should be noted that for faint transients, it may be that lack of such a catalog, and large numbers,
may make it very difficult to pick out a GW afterglow, even if there
is a wide, deep, telescope available. By using spatial coincidence with a complete
galaxy catalog for those events within 200 Mpc, the number of false-positve
transients in a typical GW error box of $\sim$10 deg$^2$ reduces by three orders of magnitude [\cite{Kulkarni:2009}].

\section{Low Frequency Gravitational Waves: Looking to the Future}
The low frequency window contains a wealth of astrophysical sources.
Due to noise from fluctuating gravity gradients in the Earth at frequencies below a few Hz, low frequency GWs
can only be observed using space-based detectors.  The most highly developed proposal is the Laser
Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), which consists of three satellites orbiting the Earth in a triangular
configuration with arm lengths $\sim5 \times 10^6$ km [\cite{Jennrich:2009ti}].
Detectors such as LISA will observe coalescing MBH binaries inspiraling over a
period of several months, followed by the final merger and ringdown,
as well as inspirals of compact objects into central MBHs in galaxies
and compact stellar binaries with periods of minutes to hours.

{\bf What is the current status of low frequency GW detectors?}
Due to budgetary problems, ESA and NASA
terminated their partnership to develop LISA in the spring of 2011 and both agencies are now looking at lower-
cost concepts.  On the ESA side, studies are underway for the New Gravitational-wave Observatory (NGO, also
known informally as LISA-lite, EuLISA, and eLISA), which is similar to LISA but with shorter arm lengths
$\sim1 \times 10^6$ km. In the US, NASA is also examining concepts for a Space Gravitational-wave Observatory (SGO).

{\bf What can be learned from observing low frequency GWs from MBH mergers?}
For these space-based
interferometers, MBH mergers [\cite{Sesana:2010wy}] can be observed over a period of several months at relatively
high signal-to-noise, allowing precision measurements of the binary properties, plus sky
localization to $<100$ deg$^2$.
The expected merger time can be predicted and broadcast weeks or months in advance, providing
excellent opportunities for EM follow-up.  The rates for MBH mergers are expected to be at least several per
year, with the actual values depending on the instrument sensitivity.

{\bf What are the prospects for EM counterparts of MBH mergers?}
MBH mergers are astrophysically rich systems,
with a variety of possible EM signals as precursors, flashes, and afterglows [\cite{Schnittman:2010wy}].
Since MBH mergers are considered central to our understanding of galaxy and MBH assembly history and
demography, and
galaxy-MBH co-evolution, the astrophysical payoffs will be significant [\cite{Komossa:2003wz}].

\section{Summary}
The GW window onto the universe will open this decade, when Advanced LIGO and Virgo make the first
detections of high frequency GW signals, expected to come from merging compact binaries.  Strategies for EM
follow-up of the GW triggers are being designed and tested to search for radio, optical, and high energy
counterparts. Searches for coincident GW and high-energy neutrinos will be done in coordination with the
IceCube project [\cite{HEN}]. Coordinated searches, coupled with complete catalogs of galaxies and transients in the
local universe, are needed to maximize the science from these multi-messenger studies.  In the next decade,
space-based interferometers will open the low frequency window with observations of merging MBH binaries.
These observations, and their EM counterparts, will provide important information on the evolution of structure
and MBHs over cosmic time.

\begin{acknowledgements}
It is a pleasure to thank Eric Chassande-Mottin, Ed Daw, Stephen Fairhurst, Jonathan Gair, Mansi Kasliwal,
Stefanie Komossa, Brian Metzger, Larry Price, Jeremy Schnittman, Alberto Sesana, and Leo
Singer, who delivered excellent short presentations at the GW workshops that stimulated interesting and
important discussions.
\end{acknowledgements}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


One of the Maryland Legislature is "Family Law ." Family Law, Title 2, Subtitle 2 is where you can find the Maryland Marriage Code and all relevant sections, which describe in detail the laws that affect marriage in Maryland.
1) Go to 'mlis.state.md.us' (by clicking the link above) and then click on 'Maryland Statutes'.
2) Click "Maryland Code Online".
3) By Clicking 'Maryland Online" you will be directed to 'Michie's Legal Resources' page. Click 'Maryland Code' to view the list of Codes.
5) Click 'Title 2 – Marriage' to view the Marriage Codes. 6) Click the 'Section' under Marriage Code for the Information You're Seeking.
I have a friend who has been married one year to his wife. he wants a divorce! does he have to be separated from his wife a certain amount of time before he can file for a divorce, or can he just go a file?


text:
Q: java.net.SocketTimeoutException: Accept timed out Can anyone tell me how to resolve this exception?
Ftp server running public IP, so when I try to access server and then download file that time the download file size is 0 byte only.
Showing this Exception
  ERROR [FTPClient] 7 Mar 2014 17:08:53.703 : Caught and rethrowing exception in getDataAfterInitGet() : Accept timed out
    java.net.SocketTimeoutException: Accept timed out
            at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketAccept(Native Method)
            at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.accept(PlainSocketImpl.java:390)
            at java.net.ServerSocket.implAccept(ServerSocket.java:462)
            at java.net.ServerSocket.accept(ServerSocket.java:430)
            at com.enterprisedt.net.ftp.internal.FTPActiveDataSocket.acceptConnection(FTPActiveDataSocket.java:185)
        at com.enterprisedt.net.ftp.internal.FTPActiveDataSocket.getInputStream(FTPActiveDataSocket.java:212)
        at com.enterprisedt.net.ftp.FTPClient.getInputStream(FTPClient.java:3308)
        at com.enterprisedt.net.ftp.FTPClient.getDataAfterInitGet(FTPClient.java:3341)
        at com.enterprisedt.net.ftp.FTPClient.getData(FTPClient.java:3274)
        at com.enterprisedt.net.ftp.FTPClient.getFile(FTPClient.java:3061)
        at com.enterprisedt.net.ftp.FTPClient.get(FTPClient.java:2445)
    at com.enterprisedt.net.ftp.FileTransferClient.downloadFile(FileTransferClient.java:752)
    at ftpclientresumedownload.ResumeDownload.main(ResumeDownload.java:110)

In localhost, it downloads perfectly, but in public it is throwing Exception.
Why does this happen? Please provide some clarification.
Thanks!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Media outlets praise anti-lockdown protesters in China after condemning American demonstrators as 'extremists'
Chinese protesting against the severe COVID restrictions by the Chinese Communist Party has received widespread praise and accolades from much of the media in the United States. However, when Americans protested COVID restrictions, the same media outlets struck a much different tone.
The New York Times published a story that highlighted the Chinese protestors' personal stories and the harm caused by Chinese President Xi Jinping's 'Zero Covid' policy.
"President Xi Jinping's unbending approach to the pandemic has hurt businesses and strangled growth, squeezing the world's second-largest economy," the Times reported Tuesday.
In a separate article, the Times lauded praise on young people protesting against the government's harsh lockdowns. "By standing up to the government, they defied the perception of their generation," the Times wrote.
AMERICAN COLLEGES JOIN GLOBAL PROTESTS AGAINST CHINA'S ANTI-COVID LOCKDOWN
People hold white sheets of paper in protest of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) restrictions, after a vigil for the victims of a fire in Urumqi, as outbreaks of the coronavirus disease continue in Beijing, China, November 27, 2022. REUTERS/Thomas Peter
(REUTERS/Thomas Peter)
However, American protesters were not met with the same praise. Rather than highlighting the economic pain Americans faced during the government imposed lockdowns, articles published by the Times painted Americans who opposed such measures as extremists.
In May 2020, the Times published an article titled, "The Coronavirus Becomes a Battle Cry for U.S. Extremists".
"America's extremists are attempting to turn the coronavirus pandemic into a potent recruiting tool both in the deep corners of the internet and on the streets of state capitals by twisting the public health crisis to bolster their white supremacist, anti-government agenda," the Times reported.
In a report published in April 2020, the New York Times described anti-lockdown demonstrations as "right-wing protests of social distancing restrictions". The Times used the term "right-wing protesters" in a headline for another article that month as well.
A person holds a banner during a protest in solidarity over the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) restrictions in mainland China, during a commemoration of the victims of a fire in Urumqi outside the Chinese consulate in Toronto, Ontario, Canada November 29, 2022. REUTERS/Chris Helgren
The Washington Post editorial board similarly treated Chinese protestors much more favorably than Americans. In April 2020, the editors described opposition to lockdowns as a "wide-ranging and well-financed conservative campaign to undermine restrictions that medical experts say are necessary to contain the coronavirus".
However, Monday, the editors sided with the protesters.
"Protests erupted in Chinese cities over the weekend, in which ordinary Chinese registered their unhappiness with their country's strict coronavirus policies — and with the regime itself. A reasonable, responsive government would adjust," the editorial board wrote.
Ryan Kelley, a protest organizer, for the American Patriot Rally organized by the Michigan United for Liberty for the reopening of businesses stands on the steps of the Michigan State Capitol in Lansing, Michigan on April 30, 2020. – The group is upset with Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer's mandatory closure to curtail Covid-19.
((Photo by JEFF KOWALSKY / AFP) (Photo by JEFF KOWALSKY/AFP via Getty Images))
The Guardian's coverage of anti-lockdown protests varied significantly, too. In May 2020, the media outlet published an article titled "US lockdown protests may have spread virus widely, cellphone data suggests." On Wednesday, their coverage of the Chinese protests was much more favorable, and even echoed the rallying cry of many Americans during the U.S. lockdowns.
"'People want to live': views from China on the Covid lockdown protests," the Guardian titled its recent article.
Rather than blaming Chinese protesters for spreading the virus, the publication praised the demonstrations as a "remarkable expression of defiance".
Protesters march on the street during the demonstration. Thousands of protesters take part in an anti-lockdown march. A World-Wide Rally for Freedom was organised a year after lockdowns were introduced to try and stop the spread of COVID-19.
(Photo by Andy Barton/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)
Other outlets, such as Vox, also have covered the concerns of the Chinese protesters much more favorably than their American counterparts. In March 2020, Vox published an article titled "The whiteness of anti-lockdown protests", which attempted to describe "[h]ow ignorance, privilege, and anti-black racism is driving white protesters to risk their lives."
However, Wednesday, Vox struck a very different tone. "Those of us in the West should listen to what's being said by the brave protesters who've come out to the streets in China," they wrote.
While less strict and severe than China's policies, government imposed coronavirus lockdowns in the U.S. had devastating economic, health, and educational consequences. Over 200,000 businesses d permanently during the first year of the outbreak. Children are failing to meet basic reading, writing, and math standards. Healthcare workers who served during the pandemic and many others have since been let go because they elected not to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
Kamala Harris attends secretive gathering of influential Democratic donors who help steer liberal agenda
Bondage teddy bears are part of media culture oddly tolerant of sexualizing kids
Ana Navarro claims each of 'The View' hosts could beat up House Speaker…
Bodycam video of Paul Pelosi attack sheds light on NBC News' mysteriously…
Liberals lose it after ACLU defends Trump being reinstated to Facebook and Instagram:…
Fox News' Benjamin Hall urges viewers to 'never give up' in emotional return to live…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Not everyone is or can be your customer. Too often entrepreneurs and business owners look at the number of customers they have yet not see a similar growth in their bottom line. Come and learn who your revenue generating customers so you can work smarter not harder by using the 80/20 rule.
This is 1 of 3 seminars that are part of the Developing Your Business for Entrepreneurs and Business Owners Mini-Summit on October 3, 2018. You can attend one, two or all three seminars. Each seminar has its own registration page. Concurrent Webinar Available.


Our mother (name provided by request) has been living here for a number of years. My family had visited with her many times. None of these visits showed anything but very good care. I think i can speak for my siblings by saying we are pleased our mother is now living there.
Now the negative part....too often during our regular phone calls our mother complains about the food. This evening I learned the housekeeping staff is cooking meals for the residents. I am lead to believe they are not trained nor do they have the requisite food handling certification. I say this because I am told the kitchen (?) staff cooks\prepares meals without hair nets. In addition the meals are terrible.
Our mother tried to say she is sorry for mentioning this and that it is up to her to try fix this. She would not have to go through this if Americare lived up to their own standard and philosophy. I will continue to enlighten Americare management until this fundamental issue is acknowledged and corrected.
I would not recommend the food at Capetown. There are not a lot of choices and there have been times when my mom went to bed without a meal. The staff are good and keep us informed of her care. They do offer activities however she is not able to participate due to health issues. Everything else is good at the community. While my mom is having to move to another community due to the cost, I would still recommend Capetown to family and friends.
Megan that runs it is a strong person. She is very organized. She is great. The Capetown & Cottages at Capetown is a nice facility. It's very clean.
Thank you for taking the time to post your comments about Capetown and The Cottages. Morgan and her team work hard to promote an active healthy lifestyle for both their assisted living and independent living residents. We're so happy your mom found a home at Capetown!
VERY NICE, WOULD RECOMMEND IT TO ANY ONE.
Capetown is a lovely place. We did tour this last December. However, they do not have secure units.
Tour conducted by director. Facility clean and staff friendly. Amenities were many. Only room currently available not suitable for her. Still would recommend to others.
When the demands of living in your home require more than you're willing and able to give on your own, you'll find a welcome home here at Capetown Capetown, Independent and Assisted Living, is a unique campus of Cottages and Patio Homes in Cape Girardeau, MO. We are located on a private setting with beautiful rolling hills in our backyard. A Clubhouse with all the amenities right here on campus equipped with a luxurious pond for your fishing pleasure. Our location is just minutes from both hospitals in town and Doctor's Park. Cape Girardeau was voted one of the "Top Ten" retirement communities in Missouri in 2009. If you are in need of more assistance, we also have a 25 room Assisted Living located on our campus as well.
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GIS - 09 November, 2016: The Ambassador and Permanent Representative of the Republic of Mauritius to the United Nations in Geneva, H.E Mr Israhyananda Dhalladoo, presented his Letters of Credence on 1 September 2016, to H.E Mr Johann Schneider-Ammann, President of the Swiss Confederation accrediting him as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Mauritius to Switzerland, with residence in Geneva.
The accreditation of the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Mauritius in Geneva to the Swiss Confederation is a major step towards enhancing, in a distinctive manner, the Mauritius-Switzerland bilateral relations in targeted key areas of cooperation.
The Mauritius Embassy in Geneva will also be providing full consular services and assistance to Mauritius nationals residing in Switzerland and to Swiss nationals as well as other nationals living in Switzerland.
Henceforth, parties requiring consular services will not need to route their requests through the Embassy of the Republic of Mauritius in Paris.


nice review, glad they pointed out that the 500e version has more HP and torque than the 500.
I keep wondering if the car would ever have to be recharged with my kind of driving, after reading reviews like Autoblog's.
They say "Given the right conditions in city driving and something short of a lead foot, though, the range seems doable, and frankly, enough for most people's daily commutes."
Well, it would probably need to be recharged once in a while, but not nightly.


text:
American in Budapest
A Year of Living Extemporaneously
Riding in Style on the Millennium Line
Stephen Schuit	Uncategorized	 February 13, 2019 February 13, 2019 3 Minutes
There's a rumble, then a strange metallic buzz, the glow of amber lights, doors open and close, and in less than 10-seconds, the yellow-orange cars are moving on to the next station. My favorite subway, the old Millennium Line, rolls its dignified way along the 11-station route only a few feet under Andrassy Street, the entire length of which is a World Heritage Site. First constructed in 1895, it's Europe's second oldest subway, and the first here in Hungary's capital city, Budapest.
Budapest's venerable Millennium Subway Line
I love trains, pure and simple. It's been a lifelong passion. As far back as I can remember, I looked forward to my dad setting up our family's Lionel train set right around Christmas every year. As an adult, I've seized just about every opportunity I can to ride trains practically anywhere. I've taken Canada's national train, VIA, from Halifax, Nova Scotia, clear across the plains, over the Canadian Rockies, and on to Vancouver. That experience sealed my love for those old-fashioned, glass-enclosed observation cars. On Taiwan, I rode a crowded, small-gauge, red-colored train that crawled its way up Ali Mountain, a traditional honeymoon destination for Chinese couples. In North Korea, I entered the deepest subway in the world, gripping an escalator that seemed to have no end. To most tourists' surprise, the Pyongyang subway is glorious in its own right, with large colorful lights in the shape of flowers, and giant sweeping propaganda murals depicting workers, artists and farmers happily joining together for the good of the State. On that capital city's diminutive subway line, passengers seem intensely uncomfortable when they suddenly find themselves riding alongside curious foreigners.
To my complete pleasure, Hungary has its share of special train lines. There's the Children's Train high in the Buda Hills, managed and operated by kids. Here in Budapest, there are three major train stations, the one closest to our flat, the dignified, though in dire need of renovation, Nyugati Station, designed and built by Gustave Eiffel's office in Paris. Yes, that Eiffel. Trains regularly depart Nyugati Station and its two counterparts, for destinations clear across Europe.
Budapest has a robust subway system which I unofficially refer to as the Green, Blue and Red Lines. Then, there's my favorite, the old Millennium Line. While small in scale, it's impressive in its quiet elegance. Like an old man sporting a beret and a well-waxed mustache, the train requests your admiration. Each station is adorned with oak doors, closets or lockers, and covered with white and maroon tiles that are so shiny, they look like they were just washed by Mr. Clean. The exclamation point on the platform is a wooden ticket booth, occasionally staffed by a transport employee dressed in dark blue.
Ticket booth at the Opera stop on the Millennium Line
Both ends of the line feature notable tourist destinations. Near the eastern terminus, you'll find Heroes Square and the world famous Szechenyi Baths. At the western end, lies busy Vorosmaty Square, steps from the Danube, and at the northern end of Vaci Street, the busiest tourist lane in Budapest.
Each station's platform is clean, bright, and adorned in oak
Not surprisingly then, while riding the Millennium Line, one almost always hears passengers speaking languages from around the world. The tourists are invariably chatting about what they've just seen or excited about where they are headed. It's safe to imagine that their stay here in Budapest is meeting, more likely exceeding, their expectations.
Old photos and drawings reveal images of those early cars that rode the Millennium Line's rails back in the 1890's. They have all but disappeared, except for one solitary car. And, if you want to see that last surviving original car, you'll have to head clear across the Atlantic Ocean. The last Millennium coach resides in, of all places, the Seashore Trolley Museum in Kennebunkport, Maine.
So, whether you're heading to the baths, or considering riding on the city's majestic ferris wheel, the Budapest Eye, the venerable Millennium Line will get you there. While in Budapest, if you want to get there in style, ride the Millennium.
Vorosmarty Street, our local stop on the Millennium Line
Andrassy
Budapest Eye
Heroes Square
Seashore Trolly Museum
Szechenyi Baths
the Millennium Line
Vorosmaty Square
Published by Stephen Schuit
I am an international educator currently living and working in Budapest, Hungary. Coming off of a glorious 5-year stint teaching English at a university in South Korea. Favorite recent adventures include walking the Camino de Santiago from France to western-most Spain and circumnavigating Hungary's Lake Balaton on my bike.	View all posts by Stephen Schuit
Published February 13, 2019 February 13, 2019
Previous Post Budapest Is Smokin'
Next Post The Year of Living Extemporaneously: Budapest at the Half-Way Point
2 thoughts on "Riding in Style on the Millennium Line"
Bill D says:
Delightful read, Steve. My grandfather worked on the railways in New South Wales in Australia after emigrating from Ireland. My dad as a teenager used to tell stories of how he would ride in the front of the train across the western plains. I think there is a distinct smell about steam and oil which is almost as exciting as its actual movement. I studied industrial revolution and loved reading people's descriptions of speed and how thrilling and scary it was to travel in a wagon as fast as a horse at 17 miles per hour!
My own love of trains stems from some of my early wonderful experiences with engines. I think there is something Frankensteinish about taking elements of steel, rubber, leather and glass; then adding water, oil and gas to create something that still seems beyond the realm of the ordinary… it is almost alive with its independence of me, the creator. I am off to an airshow in two weeks. Not because I like what these machines of war do, but just to be in awe of the way metal, plastic and ingenuity can be crafted. There is a dark beauty about it. We look forward to our visit.
Pingback: The Year of Living Extemporaneously: Budapest at the Half-Way Point – American in Budapest


text:
A turbojet train is a train powered by turbojet engines. Like a jet aircraft, but unlike a gas turbine locomotive, the train is propelled by the jet thrust of the engines, rather than by its wheels. Only a handful of jet-powered trains have been built, for experimental research in high-speed rail.

Turbojet engines have been built with the engine incorporated into a railcar combining both propulsion and passenger accommodation rather than as separate locomotives hauling passenger coaches.

As turbojet engines are most efficient at high speeds, the experimental research has focused in applications for high-speed passenger services, rather than the heavier trains (with more frequent stops) used for freight services.

M-497

The first attempt to use turbojet engines on a railroad was made in 1966 by the New York Central Railroad (NYCR), a company with operations throughout the Great Lakes region. They streamlined a Budd Rail Diesel Car, added two General Electric J47-19 jet engines, and nicknamed it the M-497 Black Beetle. Testing was performed on a  length of the normal NYCR system – a virtually arrow-straight layout of regular existing track between Butler, Indiana, and Stryker, Ohio.

On July 23, 1966, the train reached a speed of .

LIMRV

In the early 1970s, the U.S. Federal Railroad Administration developed the Linear Induction Motor Research Vehicle (LIMRV), meant to test the use of linear induction motors. The LIMRV was a specialized wheeled vehicle, running on standard-gauge railroad track. Speed was limited due to the  length of the track and vehicle acceleration rates.

One stage of research saw the addition of two Pratt & Whitney J52 jet engines to propel the LIMRV. Once the LIMRV had accelerated to desired velocity, the engines were throttled back so that the thrust equaled their drag. On 14 August 1974, using the jet engines, the LIMRV achieved a world record speed of  for vehicles on conventional rail.

SVL

In 1970, researchers in the USSR developed the High-speed Laboratory Railcar (SVL) turbojet train. The SVL was able to reach a speed of . The researchers placed jet engines on an ER22 railcar, normally part of an electric-powered multiple unit train. The SVL had a mass of 54.4 tonnes (including 7.4 tonnes of fuel) and was  long. If the research had been successful, there was a plan to use the turbojet powered vehicle to pull a "Russian troika" express service. As of 2014 the train still exists in a dilapidated and unmaintained state, while the research project has been honoured with a monument made from the front of the railcar, outside a railcar factory in Tver, a city in western Russia.

See also
 Aérotrain - A contemporary French hovercraft train, also powered by a jet engine
 Aerowagon
 Gas turbine train
 Schienenzeppelin - A German propeller-driven railcar of 1929
 Turboshaft

Notes

References

External links
A collection of photographs of the ER22 turbojet locomotive

Gas turbine multiple units
Jet engines
Railcars of Russia
High-speed trains of Russia
Experimental locomotives

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
This Small UK Town Is Growing Bacon on Blades of Grass
The clean meat industry is revving its engine, preparing to launch various slaughter-free meats to market. Companies in the US, Israel, and Japan are working hard to make cruelty-free meat available to the masses, and now, a small town in the UK wants a piece of the lab-grown pie (so to speak).
At the University of Bath, located in Somerset, England, researchers are growing animal cells on blades of grass, the BBC reported.
The scientists believe the UK can progress the cultured meat industry with its expertise in medicine and engineering.
With their sights set on bacon, the Bath scientists have begun their research by growing rodent cells on scaffolds of grass, since rodent cells are cheaper and easier to use.
"The idea was to essentially, rather than feeding a cow grass and then us eating the meat – why don't we, in quotation marks, 'feed our cells grass,'" Scott Allan, a postgraduate student in chemical engineering, said to the BBC.
Slaughter-free bacon is in the works
He added, "We use it as a scaffold for them to grow on – and we then have an edible scaffold that can be incorporated into the final product."
Chemical engineer Dr Marianne Ellis from the University of Bath sees clean meat as "an alternative protein source to feed the world."
To make clean meat products available commercially, the researchers are designing bioreactors "to grow muscle cells on a large scale that is economical and safe and high quality, so we can supply the muscle cells as cultured meats to as many people as want it," Ellis said.
The process would see experts taking "primary cells" from a living or recently killed animal or using a population of "immortalized" cells that continue to divide. "Which means that you don't kill any animals; you have this immortal cell that can be used forever," she explained.
The BBC commented, "If the process can be reproduced on an industrial scale, meat lovers might one day be tucking into a slaughter-free supply of 'bacon.'"
The Future of Clean Meat
Richard Parr, managing director for Europe of The Good Food Institute, explained to the BBC that compared to conventional meat, clean meat can use drastically less land and water, generate less carbon dioxide, and spare the lives of billions of animals. Cell-based meat could also combat anti-microbial resistance and food contamination.
Last year it was reported that cultured meat could help prevent a global food crisis.
It's expected that it will be some years until lab-grown meat is widely available, however, JUST, which produces lab-grown chicken and vegan egg, mayonnaise, and cookie dough, is confident its clean meat will be available in restaurants soon.
Jemima Webber


text:
Q: ERROR: User lacks privilege or object not found HSQLDB Hello I'm using HSQLDB and craeted a table EMPLOYEE with the attribute ID. The db is a standalone db and here is the script file for it:
SET DATABASE UNIQUE NAME HSQLDB56BCF1778F
SET DATABASE GC 0
SET DATABASE DEFAULT RESULT MEMORY ROWS 0
SET DATABASE EVENT LOG LEVEL 0
SET DATABASE TRANSACTION CONTROL LOCKS
SET DATABASE DEFAULT ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED
SET DATABASE TRANSACTION ROLLBACK ON CONFLICT TRUE
SET DATABASE TEXT TABLE DEFAULTS ''
SET DATABASE SQL NAMES FALSE
SET DATABASE SQL REFERENCES FALSE
SET DATABASE SQL SIZE TRUE
SET DATABASE SQL TYPES FALSE
SET DATABASE SQL TDC DELETE TRUE
SET DATABASE SQL TDC UPDATE TRUE
SET DATABASE SQL TRANSLATE TTI TYPES TRUE
SET DATABASE SQL TRANSLATE TTI TYPES TRUE
SET DATABASE SQL CONCAT NULLS TRUE
SET DATABASE SQL UNIQUE NULLS TRUE
SET DATABASE SQL CONVERT TRUNCATE TRUE
SET DATABASE SQL AVG SCALE 0
SET DATABASE SQL DOUBLE NAN TRUE
SET FILES WRITE DELAY 500 MILLIS
SET FILES BACKUP INCREMENT TRUE
SET FILES CACHE SIZE 10000
SET FILES CACHE ROWS 50000
SET FILES SCALE 32
SET FILES LOB SCALE 32
SET FILES DEFRAG 0
SET FILES NIO TRUE
SET FILES NIO SIZE 256
SET FILES LOG TRUE
SET FILES LOG SIZE 50
CREATE USER "Chris" PASSWORD DIGEST '4a7d1ed414474e4033ac29ccb8653d9b'
ALTER USER "Chris" SET LOCAL TRUE
CREATE SCHEMA PUBLIC AUTHORIZATION DBA
SET SCHEMA PUBLIC
CREATE MEMORY TABLE PUBLIC.EMPLOYEE(ID VARCHAR(20))
ALTER SEQUENCE SYSTEM_LOBS.LOB_ID RESTART WITH 1
SET DATABASE DEFAULT INITIAL SCHEMA PUBLIC
GRANT USAGE ON DOMAIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_IDENTIFIER TO PUBLIC
GRANT USAGE ON DOMAIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.YES_OR_NO TO PUBLIC
GRANT USAGE ON DOMAIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TIME_STAMP TO PUBLIC
GRANT USAGE ON DOMAIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CARDINAL_NUMBER TO PUBLIC
GRANT USAGE ON DOMAIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CHARACTER_DATA TO PUBLIC
GRANT DBA TO "Chris"
SET SCHEMA SYSTEM_LOBS
INSERT INTO BLOCKS VALUES(0,2147483647,0)
SET SCHEMA PUBLIC
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES('CHRIS')

I use this java class to access the db:
package jdbc;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

/**
 * Dies Klasse liefert eine  JDBC Connection zurück
 * @author Christian
 *
 */
public class JDBCConnector {

    private Connection connection;

    public JDBCConnector(String url, String user, String password){
        try{
          Class.forName("org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");
          connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
          if(connection != null){
              System.out.println("Verbindung hergestellt");
          }
        }catch ( ClassNotFoundException e ){
            System.err.println("Der Datenbanktreiber konnte nicht geladen werden");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            System.err.println("Beim Erstellen der Verbindung ist ein Feheler aufgetreten.\n"
                    + "Bitte überprüfen Sie die URL, sowie Usernamen und Passwort");
        }
    }

    public Connection getConnection() throws Exception{
        if(connection != null){
            return connection;
        }else{
            throw new Exception("Connection == null");
        }
    }

    public String getFirstEntry(){
        try {
            Statement stmt;
            ResultSet rs = null;
            stmt = connection.createStatement();
            rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE;");
            rs.next();
            String s = rs.getString(1);
            connection.close();
            return s;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return "";
    }

}

It's only a test class so ....
And here I call the function from a jsp file:
<% JDBCConnector connector = new JDBCConnector("jdbc:hsqldb:file:/Gefaehrdungsbeurteilung_Full/WebContent/gefaehrdungsbeurteilung_full/server/db/DB2;shutdown=true", "Chris", "0000");
out.append(connector.getFirstEntry());
%>

So got some one a solution? In the past this error occured, because I've forgot shutdown=true but this time, I got no idea... The table name is 100% correct.

A: You are connecting to the database using a relative (to base) path. This path resolves to different locations in different execution contexts such as JSP.
During development, use the ifexists=true connection property to avoid creating and connecting to a new database. Put the existing database where the path points to in the execution context.
<% JDBCConnector connector = new JDBCConnector("jdbc:hsqldb:file:/Gefaehrdungsbeurteilung_Full/WebContent/gefaehrdungsbeurteilung_full/server/db/DB2;shutdown=true;ifexists=true", "Chris", "0000");
out.append(connector.getFirstEntry());
%>

The shutdown=true property is useful for testing. If your connection lasts a long time, it is also fine for production. But if you are closing the connection regularly, it repeatedly shuts down the database. In this case, you can consider the alternative, hsqldb.write_delay=false. See the Guide:
http://hsqldb.org/doc/2.0/guide/dbproperties-chapt.html#dpc_connection_props
http://hsqldb.org/doc/2.0/guide/management-chapt.html#mtc_cache_persistence


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I am an Assistant Professor of Economics at UC Santa Barbara.
My research interests are in public economics, labor economics, and psychology and economics.
How to pronounce my last name? "tah-ZHEET-dee-noh-vah," where "zh" is pronounced as "s" in "leisure"
"Reducing Evasion Through Self-Reporting: Evidence from Charitable Contributions"
In absence of third-party reporting, taxpayers are required to self-report information with various degrees of detail, ranging from uncorroborated claims to comprehensive records with receipts. Using a quasi-experimental design applied to noncash charitable contribution deductions, I show that even basic self-reporting requirements are effective at reducing evasion but impose large compliance costs on taxpayers. I find that simplified reporting requirements reduce reporting costs by $55 per person and substantially increase claimed donations. However, half of the new donations are due to evasion. Thus, information reporting should only be imposed on total reported donations above a pre-specified threshold.
I explore labor supply responses to an unusually large and salient notch generated by the "Mini-Job" program in Germany. Using administrative data, I document four findings. First, despite the unusually large magnitude of incentives, earnings elasticities are modest, even after accounting for frictions. Second, the observed response cannot be fully attributed to labor supply alone; instead, the observed outcomes are highly dependent on the availability of jobs and, hence, are strongly influenced by labor demand incentives. Third, I show that these firm incentives are driven by the fact that mini-jobs workers receive lower fringe-benefit payments. Fourth, to explain the empirical results, I develop a theoretical model that shows that firms are more likely to supply tax-advantaged jobs and thus facilitate labor supply responses, when the statutory incidence of incentives falls on firms.
[Updated] "Increasing Hours Worked: Moonlighting Responses to a Large Tax Reform"
Holding multiple jobs – or moonlighting – is increasingly popular in OECD countries, with 5 to 10% of workers holding two or more jobs. Yet little is known about the determinants of moonlighting and its responsive- ness to financial incentives: research has been held back by the lack of identifying variation, as most policies treat primary and secondary employments equally. This paper circumvents these limitations by studying a unique reform in Germany that allowed workers to hold small secondary jobs tax-free, thus decreasing the tax rate on secondary earnings by be- tween 19.5 to 66pp. Using a difference-in-differences framework, I document three findings. First, I find that moonlighting participation elasticities are several times larger than participation elasticities in primary employment. Second, I show that individuals do not substitute primary earnings with secondary jobs, despite the large potential savings. Third, the number of low-income jobs increased rapidly after the reform, and did not result in decreased labor supply among low-income individuals. Finally, I explore mechanisms behind the varying rates of response, and find that hour constraints and job access are key determinants of moonlighting.
This paper uses all Value Added Tax (VAT) changes across all EU Member States from 1988 to 2016 to estimate the effect of VATs on trade flows. We find small elasticities of trade flows with respect to VATs, in spite of some of the VAT changes being substantial. Our estimates imply that trade flows respond much less to VATs than to tariffs. This finding holds across different time periods, countries and types of reforms. Our results imply that VATs are unlikely to distort trade flows.
"Are Changes of Legal Form Costly? Income Shifting and Business Entry Responses to Taxes"
Drawing on administrative panel data covering the full population of business owners in the UK, I study the effects of lower tax liability on business entry and income shifting. I find that a 10% increase in savings from incorporation leads to a 1.7% increase in the number of new business owners, and a 2.3% increase in income shifting. Nonetheless, despite large tax savings to incorporation (exceeding 10 pp in some years), a substan- tial proportion of business owners fails to incorporate. Using a revealed- preference approach, I estimate an average yearly cost of incorporation of more than £3,750 per business owner. These findings imply that income shifting through incorporation is not the primary avoidance channel for the self-employed and that the large perceived cost of incorporation may act as a barrier to entrepreneurship.
"Labor Supply Responses to Payroll Taxes in the UK"


For the last day of this week's blogging marathon, I have a sambar made with peanuts. It is a unique recipe which has no lentils (dal), but the usual spices associated with sambar. I saw the recipe on a Telugu cooking show and tried it for myself.
Like I said, it's quite unusual to make sambar with some kind of a dal, so I was intrigued on how it would taste. I looked up online to see if there were any similar recipes and most of what I saw had dal along with whole peanuts. In this recipe peanuts are ground to a paste and visually you can't even tell what it is made of until you taste the dish.
This peanut sambar turned out delicious, the combination of spices gives it the 'traditional sambar' taste with a peanutty flavor in the background. I added only onion and tomato, but I think I will probably add more vegetables next time I make this dish. It is great to serve with rice, idli or dosa.
Dry roast peanuts, coriander seeds, cumin seeds, dry red chilies and fenugreek seeds until fragrant, about 3~4 minutes, on low flame. Add the grated coconut and turn off the heat. Let the mixture cool, then grind to a smooth paste adding enough water.
Heat oil in a saucepan, add mustard and cumin seeds. Once the seeds start to splutter, add curry leaves and crushed garlic. Cook for 30 seconds.
Next add the chopped onion and cook till it turns translucent, about 3~4 minutes.
Add the tomatoes and turmeric. Cover and cook till tomatoes are tender and mushy, about 4~5 minutes.
Add the ground peanut paste, tamarind paste and salt. Add enough water to get to desired consistency. Simmer on medium flame for 6~8 minutes for the flavors to mingle. Serve hot with rice.
Sounds very flavorful, Pavani. Shall try it next time.
Can smell the flavor of this dal from here, without dal the sambar looks fingerlicking.Delicious.


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In a deal so good it made us think Black Friday had come early, Valve has absolutely slashed the price of its streaming box the Steam Link. Right now, you can pick up a Steam Link for a fraction of its usual price.
There is a 98% reduction in price, meaning the Steam Link is now a matter of pennies.
It's included in a bundle, so you'll still end up spending a little more than that, but you'll get side-scroller Icey, and still end up spending a fraction of the amount that you would normally spend on the streaming box.
The Steam Link allows you to stream your PC gaming to any television in your home at 60 frames per second with a 1080p resolution. It supports both a wired and wireless connection, and can connect to not only a Steam Controller, but also Xbox and PS4 controllers too.
When we reviewed the Steam Link, we gave it a solid five stars, so if you don't have one already, you'd be pretty foolish to miss out on picking one up while they're this cheap.
The Steam Halloween sale is now a matter of days away too, so make sure you keep checking our Steam Sales and Deals page to always get the best deals on your PC gaming.
If you're in the US, you're going to want to check out our Black Friday deals page before the big day arrives.


What Is the Cost To Remodel a Kitchen?
Ballparking an accurate cost for a kitchen renovation is pretty tough. Why? There are a lot of moving parts, a lot to consider, and a lot that can't really be assessed without rolling up your sleeves and seeing what's behind the drywall, so to speak. Here's what we do know: most experts agree that the majority of people who undertake a kitchen renovation don't fully grasp how much it's going to cost, so they rarely budget enough - in some cases upwards of 30% too little.
Some of the blame comes from the plethora of wildly popular home DIY and renovation television programs that have taken the cable networks by storm. There's something satisfying about seeing a dump of a home transform into a beautiful swan of sorts - and a lot that people want to identify with when they watch that stuff. While we're a 'glass is half full' type of company - we've got to address the elephant in the room - those shows are cut down into a palpable 22 minutes and don't show the blood, sweat, tears, and tough decisions most homeowners must endure to come out the other side of the renovation tunnel.
How much should you be spending? Ready for this?
Is Your Kitchen Renovation Worth It?
First up - they say kitchens sell houses, so we're in good company. Kitchens are the center of the home, the beating heart of the homeowner experience, so it makes sense that a tastefully renovated kitchen is going to pay itself back - and then some - but not always in the ways you may think.
For example, an interesting study from Remodeling magazine's Cost Vs. Value Report, an average kitchen remodel project that cost homeowners $60-$65k range, allowed them to recoup about $37k - an approximate 59%. At the same time, an upscale full-on kitchen renovation that cost upward of $125k had an average return on investment of about 53.5%. More work and more money, for less pay off.
So is a kitchen renovation worth it? Yes, but before you go all-in, it's always important to decipher between need and want. We find that overeager homeowners who want everything under the sun could make more sound financial decisions if they focus on the things that need the most immediate attention and progress through the process with calculated precision.
Here's the big one. The DIY crowd would have you believe you can tackle a kitchen renovation yourself, and for the most part, they're right. There's nothing like standing back and basking in the glory of your own hard work - but if you're like the majority of us, renovations are tough stuff, and require a lot of time, effort, and knowledge we sometimes don't have. Cue the contractors.
Getting an accurate estimate from a contractor can also be tough, but the key to making a good choice on your contractor decision is opting to believe a contractor who doesn't have all of the answers over the phone. A good contractor won't waste your time by promising you the moon over the phone - they know better. Kitchen renovations can be fickle, and so a contractor who has your best interest in mind will authentically share with you the intricacies of estimating for a job like this.
A good contractor won't quote you over the phone. A good contractor won't quote you a drastically lower number than their average competitor. A good contractor will share their immediate concerns and walk you through their estimate with a fine tooth comb so you understand and appreciate the numbers and what they mean.
Second, never select the cheapest contractor - there's a reason why the deal seems too good to be true - it probably is!
Contact and invite a number of reputable contractors who have: amicable references, proof of insurance, a portfolio of satisfactorily completed work, as well as a good reputation to quote on the job. Narrow down your choices by selecting the two or three closest estimates and investigate further. Great minds think alike, after all.
If you're after a ballpark answer for how much your kitchen renovation could cost you - there are a number of kitchen renovation calculators available online that can help place an approximate cost on some coveted and popular kitchen remodel projects, finishes, and materials; you can use our budget calculator to determine your budget for customized cabinets. They'll enable you to select specifics like granite or marble counters, custom vs stock cabinetry, flooring materials, appliances, and lighting, based on your tastes. While this is never a solidified estimate, it can be a good way to help you differentiate between the inflated costs of more expensive items and materials.
There's a lot more to selecting a great kitchen floor than picking out something you love the look of - while aesthetics are indeed important, your lifestyle can help you make a better choice based on how you choose to use your kitchen. If you have dogs and a big family, for example, a hardwood or cork floor in the busiest room of the house may not be your best bet, while tile or engineered laminate may help bare the brunt of increased foot traffic.
HomeAdvisor estimates the average amount to install flooring could cost a homeowner anywhere between $1,498-$4,240 - depending on which material is selected. Carpeting and vinyl/linoleum are typically on the more affordable side, while ceramic or porcelain tile, natural stone, or hardwood floors occupy the top-tier costs in terms of labour intensity and costs of materials.
Stock cabinets come from a factory prefabricated and are typically sold as-is by a mainstream retailer such as IKEA of the Home Depot. They're quick to ship, and sometimes are available in-store, and are manufactured in standard sizes. A semi-custom cabinet alternative means the factory will take a little longer to produce your order depending on the number of customizations you've selected, and will use slightly higher quality materials. Custom cabinets represent the upper echelon of the cabinet world and are custom made to match the buyer's exact measurements and specifications using very high-quality materials. They take longer to receive as these jobs take time.
Each level of cabinetry varies greatly in terms of cost. Stock cabinets typically run anywhere from $60-$200/square foot as the cheapest solution. Semi-custom cabinets will fetch an approximate $100-$650/square foot, while custom cabinetry can cost a homeowner anywhere from $500-$1200 per square foot.
Your dream kitchen rebuild means outfitting your space with all the finest amenities you can muster, and typically that means splurging on high-end kitchen appliances. We consider there to be three tiers of appliance budgetary considerations, budget appliances, mid-range appliances, and high-end or luxury appliances.
If you've sunk a ton of money into your kitchen renovation and don't find you have a desire to push the envelope culinarily, you can opt to choose budget appliances. Typically this will mean electric ranges, stoves, and appliances readily available from any number of respective home appliance department stores. There's absolutely nothing wrong with choosing a reliable electric range that offers modest styling and an attractive price point. In this range, expect to spend around $4000-$5000 for a decent refrigerator, a basic microwave, a dishwasher, and an electric stove.
Mid-range appliances add a zest of culinary expertise, some added efficiency, and a slightly more stylish aesthetic than their budget cousins. Mid-range appliances are perfect for those who are budget-conscious, but want to do a little more entertaining and cooking in their new space. The benefits being, long lasting durability, a longer warranty, and a more polished appearance. For a fridge with french doors and a water/ice dispenser, a larger microwave with multiple cooking features, a hidden control dishwasher, and a natural gas slide-in range, expect to spend anywhere from $10,000-$15,000.
Dual ranges with 6 burners and a separate gas griddle for Sunday morning pancakes.
An island mounted custom range hood to match your decor.
A high-efficiency dishwasher with cleaning tech.
High-end microwave or steam oven.
It costs to be cool, so to acquire this level of culinary brute strength, expect your budget to be anywhere from $30,000-$50,000.
Countertops are a central aspect of the aesthetic of your new cabinets, and the work surface that gives your new kitchen purpose and functionality. Whether you're renovating to give your counters an upgrade, or you're replacing them as a crucial investment into your home's value, you can take your pick from a vast array of materials that range dramatically in price. Natural stone products like granite, marble, and quartz countertops surfacing are everlasting popular choices that can cost anywhere from $35-$90 per square foot, whereas laminate countertops are a budget-friendly choice that help maintain a conscious budget anywhere from $10-$30 per square foot. New school countertop material considerations like concrete, soapstone, and paper composite mixed from a variety of paper fibres and resin - can cost anywhere from $75-$125 per square foot. Coming up with a kitchen renovation budget is one of the most time-consuming parts of the planning process. Working with a professional kitchen designer from KAD is your first step to properly ensuring you've considered all of your options and you have a fluid background of knowledge before ordering your materials.
Your dream kitchen is often associated with a no-holds-barred approach - but truthfully, your dream kitchen can feature a relatively conservative and/or modest budget and still achieve results consistent with a dream space. The dream isn't to break the bank - the dream in dream kitchen is all about building a space you can enjoy today, tomorrow, and well into the future. We can help make that happen.


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Home Rugby Rainbow Cup: Munster v Connacht
Rugby Irish
Rainbow Cup: Munster v Connacht
Preview and Team News
Shane Tighe
The soon to depart Quinn Roux, pictured tackling Munster's Dave Kilcoyne when the sides met at the Sportsground in December 2019. Photo credit: Shane Tighe
Munster v Connacht
Guinness PRO14, Rainbow Cup, Round 3
Thomond Park, Limerick @6pm, Friday 14th May 2021
Munster continue their decade-long search for silverware in their third inter-provincial derby fixture of the Rainbow Cup. After wins over both Leinster and Ulster, the southern province are the bookie's favourites to lift the inaugural trophy. Last week the home side physically bossed Ulster in a 38-10 win. Expect more of the same from Johann van Graan's men in this encounter.
Munster already had two tries on the board before Ulster's Will Addison was red-carded just prior to the interval for making contact with Rory Scannell's head. Mike Haely's try after that incident saw Van Graan's men take a 19-3 lead into the break. The second half saw the homeside outscore the visitors by three tries to one. Mike Haely was particularly impressive in attack. However, for me, the game was won due to Munster's aggressive work at the breakdown. Gavin Coombes' display earmarked him as a real option to replace the departing CJ Stander on a permanent basis.
For Connacht, a heavy home defeat to Leinster came after an impressive start. Andy Friend's men raced into a 16-0 lead in the opening fifteen minutes. However, after a bright start, their defensive frailties promptly reemerged. Leinster ran in three tries in an eight-minute spell and had racked up a half-century of points by the final whistle.
Connacht were dealt another blow during the week when it was announced that Quinn Roux would be departing the province at the end of the season. After seven years at the club, the 30-year-old South African born Irish international has turned down the offer of a new contract with the province. He is unlikely to feature for Connacht again due to a shoulder injury. His last appearance for the westerners came in January's 10-16 defeat to Munster at the Sportsground.
Johann van Graan has gone for a mix of youth and experience in this week's team selection. The half-back pairing of Ben Healy and Craig Casey are given an opportunity to impress. Conor Murray is set to make his 150th Munster appearance off the bench. Also, expect Joey Carbery to feature for the last twenty minutes or so. Munster look particularly strong in the back row where the Gavin Coombes relocates to the no.6 slot and CJ Stander comes in at no.8. Peter O'Mahony captains the side from his familiar no.7 slot.
Andy Friend has made nine changes from the side that started against Leinster last week. There's a whole new front row of Paddy McAllister, Shane Delahunt and Dominic Robertson McCoy. Ultan Dillane comes back in after missing last week's game with a knock. Club Captain Jarrad Butler is ruled out after being forced off due to a HIA last week. One feels that Connacht will need to get the best out of Abraham Papali'i to stand any chance against the imposing Munster back row.
15. Matt Gallagher; 14.Andrew Conway, 13.Dan Goggin, 12.Damian de Allende, 11.Shane Daly; 10.Ben Healy, 9.Craig Casey; 1.James Cronin, 2.Rhys Marshall, 3.John Ryan; 4.Jean Kleyn, 5.Billy Holland; 6.Gavin Coombes, 7.Peter O'Mahony (C), 8.CJ Stander.
Replacements: Niall Scannell, Dave Kilcoyne, Stephen Archer, Tadhg Beirne, Jack O'Donoghue, Conor Murray, Joey Carbery, Keith Earls.
15. John Porch (38),14. Sammy Arnold (13), 13. Sean O'Brien (Acad) (9) ,12. Tom Daly (46) ©, 11. Alex Wootton (19), 10. Conor Fitzgerald (34), 9. Kieran Marmion (184), 1. Paddy McAllister (16), 2. Shane Delahunt (97), 3. Dominic Robertson-McCoy (65), 4. Niall Murray (15), 5. Ultan Dillane (111), 6. Cian Prendergast (7), 7. Conor Oliver (19), 8. Abraham Papali'i (12)
Replacements: 16. Dave Heffernan (142),17. Denis Buckley (198),18. Finlay Bealham (157),19. Eoghan Masterson (109),20. Sean Masterson (11),21. Caolin Blade (129),22. Jack Carty (156),23. Peter Sullivan (14).
Munster are short-priced favorites for this one. Paddy Power has set the spread at +17 points for this one. Keep an eye on the weather as there are showers forecast for the evening, but if the rain holds off it could suit a high-scoring game.
Munster v Connacht preview
rainbow cup
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Purpose. To evaluate gait asymmetry during obstacle crossing by young and elderly adults performing normal and dual-task gait. Methods. Ten healthy young adults and ten elderly adults with mild cognitive impairment performed a gait protocol by stepping over a foam obstacle during normal gait and while performing a secondary task (Stroop task). Sagittal kinematics of the lead and trail limbs were analyzed. Statistical procedures involved analysis of variance and t tests at a significance of 0.05. Results. Many of the kinematic variables presented a main effect for group (young adults vs. elderly adults), where the elderly featured poorer gait performance. It was observed that gait velocity during obstacle crossing in normal and dual-task gait was similar between the preferred and non-preferred limbs in both the young and elderly. However, the elderly were slower during normal and dual-task gait. A main effect for the dual-task condition was observed. Kinematic asymmetries for obstacle crossing were more frequent in the elderly and especially during the dual-task condition. Conclusions. The results suggest that the elderly may require more compensatory adjustments after crossing an obstacle. The asymmetries observed among the elderly may contribute to higher risk of falling during perturbed gait.


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Send Flowers for Margaret
Margaret Didur
July 1, 1920 ~ November 13, 2018 (age 98)
It is with a deep sadness that we announce the passing of our dear mother, grandmother and great grandmother on November 13th, 2018 at the Lions Prairie Manor in Portage la Prairie.
Margaret is predeceased by her parents Mary and Andrew Strauski, her siblings Annie, Nellie, William and Chris, her husband Joseph, and daughter Shirley. Margaret was born in 1920, the middle daughter of Mary and Andrew. The untimely passing of her mother while she was a child served to develop in her a fierce sense of independence, a strong work ethic and a strong will. She remained in Portage for most of her more than 98 years and for the most part was in total control of her own destiny.
Margaret married Joe Didur in 1936 and together they raised three children in a loving and supportive home. Somewhat ahead of her time, Margaret embraced a new telephone in her home, uncommon at the time and one of the first on the street, the hard work needed to sustain a property with rental units as well as the rebuilding of a cottage at Delta beach to give her family a cool summer home!
Many wonderful summers were spent at Delta where Margaret watched her children and grandchildren grow and where family members gathered. Margaret began her working life as a nanny in Winnipeg and at Delta. A temporary job as a seamstress at the Portage General Hospital led to her retirement many years later as the Director of Housekeeping Services . In her spare time she enjoyed travel, spending time with family and in antique hunting. She was an avid knitter and crocheter which she did to perfection.
We, the family, are so grateful to have as many years as we have had with Mom and we are left with many fond memories of her life with us. Remaining to mourn her passing are her son Len (Beverly) of Toronto, Nancy (Greg) Sametz of Winnipeg; her grandchildren Darlene (Jamie) McLeod, Colleen, Jill (Bart), Wennda (Norman) Yu, Joanne (Warren) Sullivan, Garritt and Graydon (Kristen); her great grandchildren; Shaun (Sara), Lauren (Ben) Dixon, Shayle, Theo, Spencer, Tyler.
The family wishes to express their sincere thank you to Regency House and to Lions Prairie Manor for their support and care of Mom in the latter years of her life. A celebration of Margaret Didur's life will be held at the Omega Funeral Home, 83 Royal Road S., Portage la Prairie on Friday, November 16, 2018, at 10:00 a.m. Reception to follow. Interment in the family plot at Evergreen Memorial Gardens.
To My Family
I go from you gently, for it is my time to take the next step,
In this journey of mine , don't grieve for me long
I've not left you alone, for I will be with you
In the love that we've known
That love is forever, and some day when it's time
You'll join me again, on this journey of mine.
To send flowers to Margaret's family, please visit our floral section.


I am sure many of you will have already seen this gorgeous Exploded Flower series by Fong Qi Wei / fqwimages since they seem to have already done the blogging rounds, but I still wanted to talk about them here today.
But the first thing I see whenever I look at any of these is the white background, the negative space... Ha! Negative space. I don't think that phrase has crossed my lips since my college years! But yes, that's what I am drawn to here particularly in the red rose (pictured first). I can't help myself looking for shapes and pathways through these petals as though they are a maze waiting to be solved. Then I start to feel the chaos of these broken flowers and a need for order, but since the petals are so perfectly arranged to create such an intriguing negative space I feel content to cycle through this thought process again. It meditative in a way.
"I try to engage my audience by providing a new perspective on familiar subjects or themes. Through my art, I hope to introduce my point of view to my the viewer and engage them beyond aesthetics. I wish to provoke them to think further about the familiar and ordinary."
They are beautiful Emma. I suppose looking at the negative space might be due to your crochet work - after all it's the negative space where your yarn would go in order to create similar patterns.
Jo, that is so true! I hadn't thought of it that way, but now that you mention it I can see the comparison. So interesting... maybe my eyes and mind are becoming trained to search for a particular style of pattern!? Food for thought indeed... Thank you!
I didn't know this photographs. Thank you for showing and for making us reflect.
What intrigues me also about the composition is the central simetry, in some way more obvious here than in the flowers themselves.
Thank you Montse, I'm so happy you enjoyed discovering something new!
I think Fong Qi Wei has achieved his artistic goal perfectly with this series, we are all seeing these flowers in a new light... he has indeed given us a new perspective.
I hadn't seen these before. This is such a surprising series--it makes you look twice, pause, and think. I love art that does that.
LOVE this! Thanks for sharing. I hadn't come across his work before!


2 oz. Raw. Organic. Plant-Based. Vegan. Non-GMO Certified. Gluten Free.
This Low-Glycemic snack is a divine spin on your everyday trail mix. Soaked in lemon and dehydrated at low temps for optimal digestion this spicy snack can get you through any hunger hurdles during a long day.
Ingredients: sprouted almonds*, lemon juice*, cayenne*, himalayan pink salt (*organic).


LOS ANGELES, CA--(Marketwired - Dec 11, 2013) - Members of the Association of California Water Agencies (ACWA) on Dec. 4 elected John Coleman, a longtime director of East Bay Municipal Utility District, to a two-year term as president of the statewide association.
Kathleen J. Tiegs, a member of the Cucamonga Valley Water District Board of Directors, was elected vice president. The two will take office in January.
The election took place at ACWA's 2013 Fall Conference & Exhibition, which ran from Dec. 3-6 in Los Angeles.
"The direction our state takes on water policy in the next two years will have a profound impact on the next generation of Californians and beyond," Coleman said. "The issues challenging us are great: securing a dependable water supply, restoring the Bay-Delta, protecting watersheds, managing groundwater and others. But the opportunities are equally great as innovation continues leading us towards improvements in water quality, water recycling and energy management."
Coleman has served as vice president of the association since January 2012. He has been a member of the East Bay MUD board since 1990 and served as president from 1996 to 2000. He is a past president of the board of the California Association of Sanitation Agencies and currently chairs the Upper Mokelumne River Watershed Authority and the Freeport Regional Water Authority. He was appointed chair of ACWA's Federal Affairs Committee in December 2009.
Tiegs has served on the Cucamonga Valley Water District Board of Directors since 2005. She is a member of ACWA's Region 9 Board of Directors and serves on the board of the ACWA / Joint Powers Insurance Authority. She is actively involved in special district advocacy and serves on the Board of Directors for the California Special Districts Association as well as the local chapter of the Association of San Bernardino County Special Districts, where she serves as president.
ACWA is a statewide association of public agencies whose 440 members are responsible for about 90% of the water delivered in California. For more information, visit www.acwa.com.


(Boston, MA 04/13/17) Boston City Councilor Bill Linehan seated next to Boston City Councilor Andrea Campbell (center) and Boston City Councilor Annissa Essaibi-George (left) asks questions during a hearing regarding the Boston Police Cadet Program in Boston City Council. Thursday, April 13, 2017. Staff photo by John Wilcox.
A PLACE AT THE POLLS: Voters cast ballots at the Boston Public Library on Nov. 8, 2016. Staff file photo by Angela Rowlings.
RENTAL INSURANCE: At-Large Boston City Councilor Michael Flaherty has filed an updated ordinance on Airbnb.
(Boston, MA - 12/13/17) Boston City Council President-elect Andrea Campbell speaks during a meeting at Boston City Hall, Wednesday, December 13, 2017. Staff photo by Angela Rowlings.
Some city residents worried about "watering down" what it means to be an American have hit the phones to object to a proposal before the City Council today to allow noncitizens the right to vote in municipal elections, Councilor Michael Flaherty told the Herald.
"I got a lot of calls today from folks who are concerned we are watering down what it means to be a citizen of the United States and have the privilege to vote," Flaherty said.
The at-large councilor is the chairman of the Committee on Government Operations, which this afternoon will hold a hearing sponsored by Council President Andrea Campbell that will discuss the possibility of allowing noncitizens to vote in municipal elections. More than half of the councilors co-sponsored the hearing, including Josh Zakim, Ayanna Pressley, Michelle Wu, Lydia Edwards, Annissa Essaibi-George, Kim Janey and Ed Flynn.
Boston has a foreign-born population of more than 190,000 or 28 percent, according to Campbell's order. The order also states non-U.S. citizens paid $116 million in state and local taxes and generate over $3.4 billion in spending, according to a 2015 city report.
Instead, she said, a measure could include visa and green card holders, legal permanent residents and those under Temporary Protected Status or Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals.
Edwards said she is only in favor of granting voting rights to immigrant citizens who serve or have served in the military.
The proposal is only in the early stages and is not up for a vote, councilors said. If in the future an ordinance is passed and signed by Mayor Martin J. Walsh, it still has to be approved by the state Legislature and signed by the governor. Massachusetts law requires voters be U.S. citizens.