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A summer exhibition and a museum night drive the Campanaire-Espace Museum Pierre Lasserre
By Callie Jensen 7 months ago
"Claude Augie, a man of many talents"
The Night of the Museums was held on Saturday, by the Friends of the Museum, and the Society of Friends of Claude Augie, led by Mr. Aris. The evening had just begun, upon entering the Musée Campanaire- Espace Pierre Lasserre, a few piano pieces from Claude Augie's notebooks (on Claude Augie's piano), translated by pianist-musician Lise Lenhard, also a music teacher at L'Isle-Jourdain. This musical moment was refreshing, pleasant and light, and the selected melodies resonated in this extraordinary setting… "I have a dream, I'd like to give a concert about Frederic Mumbo in the museum," says Liz Leinhard.
A few words about the exhibition
During the summer, the curious will be able to discover the history of this character that is Claude Augie, a highly documented exhibition, relives his dizzying career, his life in the night … An extraordinary life, spanning the period from 1854 – in 1924, he was interested in music and photography , and was also a teacher, teaching mainly French and history, while co-teaching all subjects of the Preliminary Patent Program …
He is also a musician, for 4 years, from 1880 to 1884, Claude Augé served as director of the Philharmonic Society of which he was a pianist: he played the drum there from the age of 9, then the pistons trumpet. From the age of 14… many publications would follow him because he had a real personal musical approach!
All this has been told to you in the form of pictures and readings … You should also know that in 1880, Claude Augie married Laurence Jury, the granddaughter of the sister of Madame Larousse and the latter invited the couple to go to Paris, where the teacher from Lille went quickly devoted himself to editing dictionaries.
READ The first census counts 211 pink iguanas in the Galapagos Islands
New Illustrated Larousse (1898-1904) in 7 volumes etc……….providing abundant illustration on every page and in the form of paintings where color brings an undeniable allure…often produced by artists in That time, it must according to Claude Auger's wish "to always be an assistant to the idea".
Having the Larousse edition in your library is a real gift, it is beautiful and contains a wealth of information, a reference for everyone …
This exhibition is visible to all, from July 3 to October 27
Opening hours: Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday from 10:00 am to 12:00 pm and from 2:00 pm to 6:00 pm.
Sunday closed, only open first Sunday of the month
Contact: 01 30 07 62 05
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Science between Infox and Orleans Museum of Biodiversity and Environment (MOBE) Orleans Tuesday 22 February 2022


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BioShock released today on iOS for iPad and iPhone
Chris Burns | Aug 28, 2014
This week the folks behind the original BioShock have brought the game to iOS. This game is an important step in the AAA gaming universe's transition to mobile, releasing this game that only a few years ago belonged on high-end PCs, now coming to smartphones and tablets.
Let family track you in traffic with Google Maps creator's app PlaceUs
Chris Burns | Jul 23, 2014
A new app from one of the chief creators of Google Maps, Sam Liang Ph.D, is appearing this week to allow your family to track you at all times. Contextual awareness is key to the existence of "PlaceUs," an app which allows you to tell your family you're running late without ever taking your smartphone out of your pocket.
Atari's Pridefest: LGBT social-sim game for Android and iOS
It's no secret that more users than the young, white, straight, American male plays video games here in 2014. Whether or not that means that Atari's latest mobile game Pridefest is a good fit for the next generation of gamers is another subject entirely. Today ATARI adds more detail to their social-sim game which has players "create and launch their very own personalized pride parade."
iPod Touch gets slight upgrade, price drop
Nate Swanner | Jun 26, 2014
If you thought the iPod Touch was dying, think again. Apple has released a slightly updated version, at least for one model. The 16GB variant now has all the things the 32GB and 64GB models have. Apple also lowered the price a bit, enticing us to want one even more.
Coursera app educates you with video lessons for free
Chris Burns | Jun 24, 2014
The web-based learning environment Coursera has been brought to the mobile platform this month for both iOS and Android. With Coursera, you'll be able to take advantage of free classes, all set up to improve your life over the course of a few weeks. These classes will educate you in a wide variety of topics - everything from Chemistry to Engineering to "Information, Tech, & Design."
New iPhone 6 video shows dummy units with current iPhone/iPod
Nate Swanner | May 12, 2014
Apple's alleged larger iPhone is getting its share of speculation, and the latest video on offer is no different. In this one, we see what is touted as an iPhone 6 dummy unit next to the other two current Apple handhelds, the iPhone 5S and iPod Touch 5th generation. The iPhone 6 was created using "leaked" mock-ups, meaning it's far from anything official.
iStick looks to be first Lightning USB stick for Apple products
Chris Burns | May 12, 2014
We've seen quite a few different odd accessories created by manufacturers then licensed through Apple officially. Today we're seeing the first USB flash drive with officially licensed Lightning as well as USB - flipping back and forth to provide the user with super-simple file transfers.
Kiwanuka iOS and Android game Review
Chris Burns | May 9, 2014
There's a game on the iTunes App Store that goes by the name Kiwanuka, and it's made for iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch. This game is extremely simple and extremely challenging - just so long as you're not a master of geometry. UPDATE: This game now works with Android as well, and is just as excellent!
Yahoo Mail update adds contextual info, new features
Nate Swanner | Apr 29, 2014
Yahoo's mail app has been updated for iOS today, adding some unique functionality breaks the simple "email app" mode. The main mobile portal for Yahoo will now offer up "one-tap access to personalized, real-time information". You will still have access to mail, of course, but that doesn't seem to be the focus anymore.
iPhone 6 case hints at iPod Touch-like thinness
Brittany A. Roston | Apr 28, 2014
Last week, the folks at Unbox Therapy got their hands on what is said to be an iPhone 6 case, which they compared to the iPhone 5s, as well as a couple other handsets. Today they returned with the case in a new comparison video, this time seeing how it holds up next to the current generation iPod Touch.
Apple Q214 earnings tap $10.2 billion net profit
Chris Burns | Apr 23, 2014
Starting off the quarter with a record-breaking quarter for revenue from services, Apple showed a quarterly revenue of $45.6 billion USD. This amount works with a quarterly net profit of $10.2 billion, turning out $11.62 USD per diluted share for the quarter. This is Apple's financial Q2 for 2014.
Google Maps Pokemon Challenge complete: spoilers show all 151
Chris Burns | Apr 1, 2014
In one of the most addictive April Fools' Day jokes we've seen in recent memory, Google released the Google Maps Pokemon Challenge this week. In this challenge, users are asked to search through the Google Maps app for iOS or Android to find Pokemon, capturing them with a tap. As each of these Pokemon appeared in the same location for each individual user, a crowd-sourced list was compiled.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


At El Toro Animal Hospital in Lake Forest we are proud to be on the cutting edge of medical technology.
In other words, the use of radiology gives us a view of the internal organs in your pet's body that we otherwise could not see.
It's an important diagnostic tool that helps veterinarians detect and prevent illness.
The use of radiology is safe and our entire staff is highly trained.
It is our goal to provide your pet with the highest level of medical care possible, and this is just one of the many ways we achieve that.


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Archer William Leuty (1905–?) angol nemzetközi labdarúgó-játékvezető.

Pályafutása

Nemzetközi játékvezetés
Az Angol labdarúgó-szövetség Játékvezető Bizottsága (JB) terjesztette fel nemzetközi játékvezetőnek, a Nemzetközi Labdarúgó-szövetség (FIFA) 1953-tól tartotta nyilván bírói keretében. Több nemzetek közötti válogatott és klubmérkőzést vezetett, vagy működő társának partbíróként segített. Az angol nemzetközi játékvezetők rangsorában, a világbajnokság-Európa-bajnokság sorrendjében többedmagával a 38. helyet foglalja el 1 találkozó szolgálatával. Az aktív nemzetközi játékvezetéstől 1955-ben búcsúzott. Válogatott mérkőzéseinek száma: 6.

Világbajnokság
A világbajnoki döntőhöz vezető úton Svájcba az V., az 1954-es labdarúgó-világbajnokságra  a FIFA JB bíróként alkalmazta.

Magyar vonatkozás

Források

Külső hivatkozások

Angol labdarúgó-játékvezetők
1905-ben született személyek
A 20. században elhunyt személyek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Luca Guadagnino's Call Me By Your Name is a complex and highly nuanced coming-of-age story, packed with moving performances.
Set in a gorgeous part of Italy in the summer of 1983, precocious teenager Elio (Timothée Chalamet) meets Oliver (Armie Hammer), the likeable but noticeably older scholarly assistant come to help out Elio's professor father. The rollercoaster of sexual tension between them is all at once thrilling, poignant, and uncomfortable. The relationship is treated with such careful sensitivity that it's hard to earnestly object to the potentially objectionable subject matter, and this film is smart enough to opt out of making statements regarding these ethics. While the film could be edited down from the two-hour-and-twelve-minute runtime, the script's energy and insight make up for the moments when the film drags.
Call Me By Your Name is an unavoidably beautiful and touching drama, even where it should feel contentious.


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Paulo de Oliveira (né le ) est un athlète brésilien, spécialiste du saut en longueur.

Son record personnel est de 7,94 m obtenu en 1994.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en mai 1969
Sauteur en longueur brésilien
Champion d'Amérique du Sud d'athlétisme
Champion ibéro-américain d'athlétisme


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For The Record: Quick News On Britney Spears, 'American Idol,' String Cheese Incident, Wilco, Nikka Costa & More
The estimated 15,000 singers who auditioned for "American Idol" in Cleveland this week was the largest group the show has seen in its four years, topping the 13,000 who tried out in New York a year ago. Cleveland was the first stop on an audition tour that will head to Orlando, Florida; St. Louis; Washington, D.C.; New Orleans; Anchorage, Alaska; San Francisco and Las Vegas. ...
According to Britney Spears' mom, the singer is shooting a TV spot this week to promote her upcoming Elizabeth Arden fragrance, called Curious. Lynne Spears posted on Britney's Web site that her daughter had also "been lying in the sun and doing some shopping," as "wedding plans are going along smoothly. Britney and I both are getting very excited!" The singer posted a note herself to fans, thanking them for the well wishes she received during her knee recovery and for the congratulations on her impending nuptials. "This is the happiest time for me," she wrote. ... Jam giants the String Cheese Incident will stretch their current tour through the end of the year. A 19-show fall stretch begins September 11 in San Francisco and includes a New Year's Eve gig at New York's Radio City Music Hall. ...
The Sean McGrath Hold Onto Your Friends cancer benefit concert has been postponed due to unforeseeable circumstances. Originally scheduled for August 14 in New York, the show was set to raise money for the final medical expenses of the late McGrath, who played bass with Saves the Day, Mouthpiece, Hands Tied and the Alps. Organizers say the event is tentatively rescheduled for November or December. ... Soulful songstress Nikka Costa always names her records at the 11th hour, and she's finally come up with a title for her long-overdue follow-up to 2001's Everybody Got Their Something. The more rockin' Can't Never Did Nothin' is due October 5; the first single is called "I Don't Think We've Met." ...
Wilco have added a slew of dates to their current tour, scheduled in the wake of Lollapalooza's cancellation. Starting August 6 in Portland, Maine, the band will travel across the country with stops at the Newport Folk Festival in Rhode Island on Sunday and the Austin City Limits Music Festival in Texas September 19, ending in Ann Arbor, Michigan, October 10. Joining Wilco for seven dates will be the Fiery Furnaces, who are also headlining their own tour in support of their second album, Blueberry Boat, starting September 8 in Wellesley, Massachusetts, and ending October 31 in Hoboken, New Jersey. ... For the first time, video footage from the Warped Tour stage is available for purchase. Concertgoers can now purchase, download and burn videos from Altnet Network Web sites and peer-to-peer affiliates including Kazaa. "We want to give artists as many ways as possible to connect with their fans," Warped Tour founder Kevin Lyman said in a statement. "If you can't make it to a show, check out Altnet's feed on our site, and even if you did, check it out to catch stuff you missed, or remember your favorite performances." ...
You won't find Death Cab for Cutie's new EP, Studio X Sessions, in stores. This four-song, piano-driven EP, recorded at the end of their spring tour, is available exclusively through iTunes' music store in MP3 format. Death Cab will also take part in four late summer festival dates, including Bumbershoot in Seattle, before joining Pearl Jam on the Vote for Change Tour in October. ... Pearl Jam bassist Jeff Ament, his Three Fish collaborator Richard Stuverud and King's X singer Doug Pinnick have recorded an album tentatively titled Montana. Pearl Jam guitarist Mike McCready also contributed to the group, which does not yet have a name. ...
Sheryl Crow is giving back to her hometown — by giving them a new swimming pool. The singer pledged last fall to get a new community pool for the town of Kennett, Missouri, and while details of her financial involvement were not disclosed, the local chamber of commerce kicked in a $250,000 grant to go toward building the Sheryl Crow Community Aquatic Center, which is scheduled to open around Memorial Day next year. ... Moby's tea, TeaNY, was launched this week in New York, where the bald-headed musician DJed at a cocktail/tea party at A60 in SoHo (the only time he's DJing in New York this year). Moby's cookbook/autobiography that ties into the tea line is now set to come out in April. ... Glam-pop group Scissor Sisters are bringing their traveling act to more familiar terrain. The band will embark on its first U.S. tour starting September 7 in Washington, D.C.; the monthlong trek wraps September 29 in Hollywood. ...
New Found Glory's set Wednesday at the Bristow, Virginia, stop on the Vans Warped Tour was cut short by a microburst, a meteorological phenomenon in which a violent wind suddenly descends over a small area. The heavy wind caused a giant weather balloon to hit a fence, which then collided with some concertgoers. One boy was seriously injured and needed to be medivac-ed from the scene after having convulsions. He was kept overnight at a local hospital and was recovering at press time. ...
The 47th annual Grammy Awards will be broadcast live from the Staples Center in Los Angeles on February 13, 2005, it was announced Thursday (August 5). This marks the second straight year the event will be held at the venue. ... Destiny's Child want you — if you're hot and male and can dance, that is. The trio are looking for dancers for performances on tour, TV appearances and music videos. Auditions will be held in New York (Sunday at the City Center, Studio 4, at 2 p.m.), Atlanta (August 12 at Pop City Studios at 5 p.m.), Los Angeles (August 14 at Screenland Studios at 3 p.m.), Chicago (August 15, time/place TBD) and Houston (August 16, time/place TBD) with choreographer Frank Gatson. "It is my — and Destiny's Child's — belief that great dancers are everywhere," Gatson said in a statement. "Dancers have a destiny. ... If they are really talented, we will find them." ...
R. Kelly's upcoming double album, Happy People/ U Saved Me, due August 24, will have 21 tracks total. The next single from the release is a song called "If," shipping to radio on Friday. Other songs on the double LP include "Red Carpet (Pause, Flash)," "Ladies' Night (Treat Her Like Heaven)," "If I Could Make the World Dance," "Prayer Changes," "I Surrender," "The Diary of Me" and "3-Way Phone Call," featuring Kelly Price, Kim Burrell and Maurice Mahon. ... Pink Floyd's The Wall is coming to Broadway. Harvey Weinstein and Tommy Mottola will develop and produce a Broadway musical based on the band's 1979 double album, The Wall, the third-best-selling album of all time, with Floyd co-founder Roger Waters writing the show's book and arranging and orchestrating the music. "Now I can write in some laughs," Waters said, "notable by their absence in the movie." ...
Poor Justin Hawkins. The ailing Darkness frontman has been battling what he calls "a tummy upset," and his band had to pull out of the Summer Sonic Festival in Osaka and Tokyo. The singer has actually been diagnosed with gastroenteritis, and his consultant recommended he take at least one week off from performing to recuperate before starting the tour up again. The band is scheduled to pick up the tour in Austria on Sunday and will still headline the U.K.'s Reading and Leeds festivals August 27-28. ... To add to his misery, on Wednesday Hawkins discovered his jet-black Jaguar XK8 up on bricks outside his London apartment. Seems someone had stolen all four wheels from the car. Hawkins is offering a reward for any information leading to the return of the wheels. ...
Duran Duran have started shooting a video for their upcoming comeback album, Astronaut. The clip for the first single, "Sunrise," is being directed by Mark and Michael Polish ("Twin Falls Idaho") with each bandmember's part shot separately. Bassist John Taylor's scenes are in the California desert, frontman Simon LeBon races his motorbike through Spain's countryside, drummer Roger Taylor cruises the U.K. in a car, guitarist Andy Taylor hits the clubs of Ibiza, and keyboardist Nick Rhodes hovers in a spaceship above London. ... Former Butthole Surfers frontman Gibby Haynes is launching a national tour to support his first solo album, Gibby Haynes and His Problem, due August 24. The trek kicks off at Emo's in his hometown of Austin, Texas, on September 4 and ends at the same venue on October 9. ...
Cincinnati's city council unanimously voted to lift a ban on concert general-admission seating that had been in place for almost 25 years, according to The Cincinnati Post. The ban was imposed after 11 fans were crushed to death at a performance by the Who on December 3, 1979. The decision to lift the ban came on Wednesday, accompanied by a set of regulations including a limit on the number of tickets for the festival seating area of shows and a requirement that promoters have a written evacuation plan. ... Shawn Colvin is sharing her experience with depression through a national education campaign, sponsored by pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline. "Beyond the Music: Shawn Colvin Speaks Out About Depression" is designed to raise awareness of the symptoms of depression and to motivate those who may be suffering to seek medical help. ...
The String Cheese Incident


The pollen wall, which protects male gametophyte against various stresses and facilitates pollination, is essential for successful reproduction in flowering plants. The pollen wall consists of gametophyte-derived intine and sporophyte-derived exine. From outside to inside of exine are tectum, bacula, nexine I and nexine II layers. How these structural layers are formed has been under extensive studies, but the molecular mechanisms remain obscure.
Here we identified two osabcg3 allelic mutants and demonstrated that OsABCG3 was required for pollen development in rice. OsABCG3 encodes a half-size ABCG transporter localized on the plasma membrane. It was mainly expressed in anther when exine started to form. Loss-function of OsABCG3 caused abnormal degradation of the tapetum. The mutant pollen lacked the nexine II and intine layers, and shriveled without cytoplasm. The expression of some genes required for pollen wall formation was examined in osabcg3 mutants. The mutation did not alter the expression of the regulatory genes and lipid metabolism genes, but altered the expression of lipid transport genes.
Base on the genetic and cytological analyses, OsABCG3 was proposed to transport the tapetum-produced materials essential for pollen wall formation. This study provided a new perspective to the genetic regulation of pollen wall development.
Pollen development is essential for successful reproduction in flowering plants. Anther is a male reproductive organ with a wall structure enclosing a locule where microspores develop (Zhang et al. 2011). The anther wall consists of four layers of cells, from outside to inside, the epidermis, endothesium, middle layer and tapetum (Zhang et al. 2011). The out surface of epidermis is covered with a cuticle layer of delicate patterns that protects the anther from environmental stresses (Scott et al. 2004; Zhang et al. 2016). The tapetum nourishes the microspore development and secretes materials for pollen wall formation. The pollen wall is important for pollen function as it protects male gametophytes from various environmental stresses and facilitates pollination (Piffanelli et al. 1998; Scott et al. 2004).
The pollen wall surrounding a mature male gametophyte generally has two structural layers: the inner intine and the outer exine (Ariizumi and Toriyama, 2011). The intine is believed to be formed by the male gametophyte, and consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectic polymers similar to the primary walls of common plant cells (Ariizumi and Toriyama, 2011). The building blocks for the exine are believed to be provided by the tapetum (Piffanelli et al. 1998). Despite the surface pattern of the exine is highly diverse across species, the fundamental structure of the exine is highly similar among taxa (Blackmore et al. 2007). The exine commonly comprises two layers, the outer sexine and the inner nexine. The sexine contains an outermost roof, the tectum, and radially directed rods, the bacula (Ariizumi and Toriyama 2011; Shi et al. 2015). These two portions sculpt the species-specific pattern of pollen grains. The nexine consists of layers of nexine I, on which the bacula is anchored, and nexine II, that is laid down on the intine (Ariizumi and Toriyama 2011; Shi et al. 2015). The spaces between the tectum and nexine I are usually filled with the tryphine, hydrophatic materials derived from the tapetum degeneration (Ariizumi and Toriyama, 2011).
Exine development is initiated through the formation of primexine around the distinct haploid microspores in the tetrad covered by the callose wall (Paxson-Sowders et al. 2001). The primexine functions as receptor for initial depositions of sporopollenin precursors that form the proexine structure as the basis of bacula and tectum (Ariizumi and Toriyama, 2011). After dissolution of the callose wall by the tapetum-secreted callases, the released monocellular microspore shows a considerable increase in exine thickness, which is correlated with increased deposition and polymerization of sporopollenin precursors (Blackmore et al. 2007; Ariizumi et al. 2008; Wan et al. 2011). Additional deposition and polymerization of sporopollenin continue till the bicellular pollen stage prior to second mitosis (Ariizumi and Toriyama 2011; Shi et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2016). In rice plant, the mature exine structure is visually completed, but the intine structure is not clearly visible at the bicellular stage (Shi et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2016). Subsequently, second mitosis generates tricellular pollen, the intine is formed by the male gametophyte, the tryphine is deposited on the microspore, and nutrients, such as starch and lipid, are accumulated till pollen maturation (Shi et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2016).
The tapetum plays a pivotal role in pollen wall development by secreting sporopollenin precursors onto the pollen surface (Piffanelli et al. 1998; Scott et al. 2004). Tapetal cells accumulate lipidic molecules in sub-organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum-derived tapetosomes and plastid-derived elaioplasts (Liu and Fan 2013). In plants such as Arabidopsis, these sub-organelles are released upon degradation of the tapetum, and their contents are deposited to the pollen surface (Hsieh and Huang 2005). In rice and other Poaceae plants, the tapetal cells form Ubisch body, a specialized structure located on the inner side of the tapetum, that carries sporopollenin precursors to the developing microspores (Shi et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2016). Nonetheless, degradation of tapetum is still crucially important for pollen wall formation in rice. Premature or delayed tapetal degeneration usually results in abnormal pollen development and male sterility (Liu and Fan 2013; Shi et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2016). Transcription factors reported to be associated with tapetal function and degeneration, such as DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1 (DYT1) (Zhang et al. 2006), DEFECTIVE in TAPETAL DEVELOPMENT and FUNCTION 1 (TDF1) (Zhu et al. 2008), ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) (Sorensen et al. 2003) and AtMYB103/MS188 (Higginson et al. 2003; Zhang et al. 2007) in Arabidopsis, as well as GAMYB (Aya et al. 2009), TAPETUM DEGENERATION RETARDATION (TDR) (Li et al. 2006; Zhang et al. 2008) and ETERNAL TAPETUM 1 (EAT1) (Ji et al. 2013; Niu et al. 2013b) in rice, regulate pollen wall related-genes directly or indirectly. Mutants of these genes have defective tapetum development and pollen exine formation.
Sporopollenin is complex biopolymers mainly consisting of polyhydroxylated aliphatic compounds and phenolics conjugated by ether and ester bonds (Jiang et al. 2013; Shi et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2016). Genetic approaches have revealed a number of enzymes and proteins required for sporopollenin biosynthesis and deposition, providing clues for the constituents of sporopollenin and mechanism of exine development (Jiang et al. 2013; Shi et al. 2015). Genes involved in aliphatic lipid biosynthesis, such as MALE STERILITY 2 (MS2) (Chen et al. 2011b), CYP703A2 (Morant et al. 2007), CYP704B1 (Dobritsa et al. 2009), ACYL-COA SYNTHASE 5 (ACOS5) (de Azevedo Souza et al. 2009) in Arabidopsis, and their orthologs DEFECTIVE POLLEN WALL (DPW) (Shi et al. 2011), OsCYP703A3 (Yang et al. 2014), OsCYP704B2 (Li et al. 2010a), OsACOS12 (Li et al. 2016) in rice, as well as genes in the aromatic lipids/phenolics biosynthesis pathway, such as POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE A/B (PKSA/B) (Dobritsa et al. 2010; Kim et al. 2010), TETRAKETIDE TETRAKE REDUCTASE 1/2 (TKPR1/2) (Grienenberger et al. 2010) in Arabidopsis and OsPKS1/2 (Wang et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2017; Zou et al. 2018) and DEFECTIVE POLLEN WALL 2 (DPW2) (Xu et al. 2017) in rice, have been showed to be essential for sporopollenin precursor synthesis. Some null mutants of these genes in rice also exhibit defective anther cuticle, supporting the view that anther cuticle and pollen wall share common metabolic pathways (Shi et al. 2015).
While the understanding of sporopollenin biosynthesis has advanced rapidly, the studies on transport of sporopollenin precursors from the tapetum to the pollen wall also have significant progress. The large superfamily ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins are involved in translocation of a broad range of substances across membranes using energy from ATP hydrolysis (Verrier et al. 2008; Do et al. 2017). In the past few years, several plant ABCG proteins, such as AtABCG11 (Panikashvili et al. 2010), AtABCG26 (Quilichini et al. 2010; Quilichini et al. 2014), AtABCG9, AtABCG31 (Choi et al. 2014), AtABCG1 and AtABCG16 (Yadav et al. 2014) in Arabidopsis, and OsABCG26 (Chang et al. 2016b; Zhao et al. 2015) and OsABCG15 (Qin et al. 2013; Niu et al. 2013a; Zhu et al. 2013; Wu et al. 2014) in rice, have been shown to contribute to pollen wall development. In Arabidopsis, AtABCG11 is required for cutin and suberin formation in reproductive organs and roots development (Panikashvili et al. 2010). AtABCG26 transfers both lipid precursors and polyketides for exine formation (Quilichini et al. 2014). ABCG9 and ABCG31 contribute to the accumulation of steryl glycoside or related compounds on the pollen surface (Choi et al. 2014). OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 have different expression patterns from their orthologs AtABCG26 and AtABCG11, and are proposed to act coordinately in transferring sporopollenin precursors from the tapetum for pollen exine and anther cuticle formation (Zhao et al. 2015). However, the chemical nature of the substrates transported by these ABC transporters remains largely unknown.
The complicate process of pollen development and the complex composition of pollen wall constituents implicate that additional ABCG transporters may be involved in translocation of materials from the tapetum to pollen wall. Here, we reported the isolation of two allelic rice male sterile mutants on the OsABCG3 gene. Morphological and ultrastructural analyses of osabcg3 plants revealed that the mutant pollen wall contained the sexine and nexine I layers but lacked the nexine II and intine layers. It is apparent that OsABCG3 regulates the pollen wall development via a mechanism that is different from OsABCG15 and OsABCG26.
From our rice ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant library (Chen et al. 2014), two complete sterile mutants were isolated and were designated as osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2, because point mutations were revealed in the gene OsABCG3 (see below). The vegetative growth and flower organ development of these mutants exhibited no obvious differences from that of the wild-type (WT), except the mutant anther being smaller and light yellow (Fig. 1a, b). In order to explain the sterility of these mutants, we investigated the pollen morphology and female fertility. The WT pollen grains were spherical and deeply stained by I2-KI, whereas the mutant pollen grains were collapsed and not stained (Fig. 1c). The osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2 mutant plants were manually pollinated with the WT pollen. The seed set rates of pollinated osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2 were comparable to that of osnp1–1 (Chang et al. 2016a), a male sterility mutant without any defects in female reproduction (Additional file 1: Figure S1), indicating that the female fertility of osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2 was normal. These results demonstrated that pollen abortion was accountable for the sterility of osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2. When osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2 were back-crossed with the WT, all F1 progeny were fertile, and the F2 plants displayed an approximate 3:1 segregation of fertile to sterile (301:93 and 259:81 for osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2 respectively), suggesting that the sterile phenotypes were sporophytic and controlled by a single recessive gene.
Sterile individuals in each F2 population mentioned above were bulk-sequenced. The sequence data were subjected to the Simultaneous Identification of Multiple Causal Mutations (SIMM) pipeline (Yan et al. 2017) for identification of the mutant gene. The analyses identified two different G > A mutations, one in each mutant, that were all located on LOC_Os01g61940 (Fig. 2a; Additional file 2: Figure S2; Additional file 3: Table S1). LOC_Os01g61940 encodes an ABC transporter named OsABCG3 that carries an ATPase-associated domain (residues 140–332) and six transmembrane domains (residues 463–743). The mutation in osabcg3–1 (G1902 > A) resulted in premature termination after the 633 residue, while in osabcg3–2 (G1589 > A) caused amino acid substitutions of G530D. All these mutation sites were near the transmembrane regions predicted by TMHMM Server v. 2.0 (http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/TMHMM/).
To verify the associations between mutations and sterility, we analyzed the genotype of F2 individuals using high resolution melting (HRM) analysis. All the male sterile plants carried the corresponding homozygous mutations, whereas the fertile plants showed 2:1 ratio of heterozygous and homozygous WT genotypes, suggesting OsABCG3 being the causal gene of osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2. Genetic complementation was performed to test the allelic relationship between these two mutants. By pollinating homozygous osabcg3–1 with pollen from heterozygous osabcg3–2, the plants combining mutations G1902 > A and G1589 > A were isolated from the progeny. These plants were completely male sterile (Additional file 4: Figure S3), indicating that osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2 were allelic.
Additional alleles were generated using the CRISPR technology. The mutant lines carrying indel mutations, which led to frame shift and premature termination of OsABCG3, all exhibited defective pollen similar to osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2 (Additional file 5: Figure S4). To further confirm the role of OsABCG3, the 6.7 kb genomic fragment for OsABCG3, including 2.5 kb upstream region, 2.3 kb coding region, and 1.9 kb downstream region, was introduced into homozygous osabcg3–1. Positive transgenic plants displayed normal seed set (Fig. 2b, c). Together, we concluded that mutations in OsABCG3 caused the male sterility.
OsABCG3 belongs to the half-size ABC transporter of the G family, with 28 and 32 members in Arabidopsis and rice, respectively (Verrier et al. 2008). Seven known ABC transporters required for pollen wall formation, including AtABCG11 (Panikashvili et al. 2010), AtABCG26 (Quilichini et al. 2010; Quilichini et al. 2014), AtABCG9 (Choi et al. 2014), AtABCG1 and AtABCG16 (Yadav et al. 2014) in Arabidopsis, as well as OsABCG26 (Zhao et al. 2015; Chang et al. 2016b) and OsABCG15 (Niu et al. 2013a; Qin et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2013; Wu et al. 2014) in rice, all belong to this family (Additional file 6: Figure S5). These ABCG transporters were proposed to allocate various lipidic, phenolic, and other sporopollenin precursors and tryphine components from the tapetum where they are generated to the anther locule for pollen wall formation (Zhao et al. 2016). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that, among the seven members, AtABCG1 and AtABCG16, which are required for the development of nexine and intine layers (Yim et al. 2016), are most closely related to OsABCG3. Other members in the OsABCG3 clan include AtABCG2, AtABCG6 and AtABCG20 that are required for suberin formation in Arabidopsis roots and seed coats (Yadav et al. 2014), and OsABCG5 that is required for suberization of rice root hypodermis (Shiono et al. 2014). These ABC transporters contribute to formation of extracellular barriers probably by transporting precursors for the hydrophobic polymers (Do et al. 2017).
All the osabcg3 mutants exhibited abnormal anther development, whereas no obvious phenotype for vegetative growth was observed. To understand the dedicated role of OsABCG3, we analyzed the tissue specificity and developmental expression pattern of OsABCG3 using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). The results revealed that the OsABCG3 expression was negligible in root, stem and leaf at heading stage, but relatively high in anther and pistil, particularly in anthers at developmental stages 9 to 10 when the formation of pollen exine began (Fig. 3a). To determine more precisely the spatial expression of OsABCG3, we introduced the construct containing the OsABCG3 promoter fused with β-glucuronidase (GUS) into WT plants. GUS activity was apparent in anther at developmental stage 9 and 10, and relatively weak in the pistil-receptacle junction (Fig. 3b), which was consistent with qRT-PCR data. To obtain more details about the gene expression in anther, the stained anthers were observed by microscopy after cleared and mounted. The GUS signal was observed both in the tapetum and microspores, and the signal was stronger in the anther at stage 9 than stage 10 (Fig. 3c), which was consistent with the qRT-PCR result. To verify the result, we perform in situ hybridization of OsABCG3 using the WT anther. A relatively strong hybridization signal was observed in the tapetum, but the signal was weaker in microspores (Fig. 3d), which was consistent with the GUS signal at stage 10. Despite the apparent expression in pistil, osabcg3 mutants showed normal seed setting after manually pollinated with WT pollen (Additional file 1: Figure S1), suggesting that OsABCG3 is not essential for female fertility.
The subcellular localization of OsABCG3 was determined by transient expression of GFP-OsABCG3 fusion protein in rice protoplasts. While the free GFP signal was visible in the whole cell, the fusion protein GFP-OsABCG3 was detected only on the plasma membrane, co-localized with the plasma membrane marker mCherry-OsRac3 (Fig. 3e, f). The plasma membrane localization of OsABCG3 is similar to the known anther development-associated ABC transporters, such as OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 (Zhao et al. 2015), implying that OsABCG3 is probably also involved in intercelluar transport.
To understand how OsABCG3 affects anther development, we analyzed the sections of osabcg3 mutant anthers. In rice, anther development is divided into 14 stages based on morphological features (Zhang et al. 2011). Transverse sections indicated that, prior to stage 9, the microspores and anther wall of osabcg3 was indistinguishable from the WT (Fig. 4a, b, f, g). At stage 10, the WT microspores were round and vacuolated, with the big vacuole pushing the cytoplasm to the cell periphery (Fig. 4c). However, the osabcg3 mutant microspores were misshapen, and the cytoplasm appeared to shrink in the center (Fig. 4h). At the beginning of stage 11, the WT microspore further underwent first mitosis and became falcate, while the WT tapetum was almost completely degenerated (Fig. 4d). On the contrary, in osabcg3, microspore began to collapse, and the tapetum was swollen, showing abnormal tapetal degeneration (Fig. 4i). When the WT microspore developed into spherical pollen grains filled with cellular contents by stage 12, the mutant microspores aborted, leaving a shriveled cell wall eventually (Fig. 4e, j, Additional file 7: Figure S6a).
Electron microscopy was performed to obtain more details of the cellular defects. Tapetum is the main tissue providing signals and materials for microspore development (Scott et al. 2004). The WT tapetum underwent programmed cell death (PCD) from stage 8b, became highly condensed afterwards, and almost completely degenerated into cellular debris by stage 11 (Fig. 5a-d). The mutant tapetum did not show a clear difference from the WT at stage 9 (Fig. 5f). At stage 10, however, the mutant tapetum looked obviously different with an increased number of vacuoles and vesicles (Fig. 5g). Unlike the WT tapetum that almost completely degenerated by stage 11, the mutant tapetum further swelled and lacked distinct organelle structures (Fig. 5h, i), suggesting abnormal degradation of the tapetum.
In WT anther, the Ubisch bodies, which are thought to export sporopollenin precursors from the tapetum to the microspore, were generated at stage 9, and proexine was formed on the microspore simultaneously (Fig. 5a). At stage 10 and 11, the Ubisch bodies were more visible, showing transparent conical protrusions covered by dark-stained materials. In parallel, the two-layer exine surrounding the microspore was properly formed with a well-organized outer sexine (contained tectum and bacula) and the inner nexine (Fig. 5b, d). By stage 12, the pollen wall further thickened, and distinct structures of tectum, bacula, nexine I, nexine II, and intine were visible outside of the pollen plasma membrane (Fig. 5e).
In osabcg3, no clear difference was observed in Ubisch bodies and microspores by stage 9 (Fig. 5f). In stage 10, the Ubisch bodies seemed normal, and layers of tectum, bacula, and nexine were visible. However, the exine was less condensed, the nexine layer was discontinuous, and the microspore plasma membrane was fragmental and showing signs of cell degeneration (Fig. 5g). By stage 11 and 12, the Ubisch bodies of mutant were slightly smaller and less organized than that of the WT (Fig. 5d, i; Additional file 7: Figure S6a). Moreover, the plasma membrane and cellular contents were completely degenerated from the microspores, the pollen wall was thinner without the intine and nexine II layers (Fig. 5i, j), and pollen grains collapsed, and the framework of the exine distorted and folded (Fig. 5j; Additional file 7: Figure S6a). On the other hand, compared to WT, the cuticle on the anther epidermis seemed normal in osabcg3 (Additional file 7: Figure S6a, b).
Together, these results indicated that loss-function of OsABCG3 affected the tapetum degeneration and pollen wall formation. The cellular defects in osabcg3 were different from what in osabcg15 and osabcg26 mutants that lack Ubisch bodies, pollen wall, and anther cuticle (Niu et al. 2013a; Qin et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2013; Wu et al. 2014; Zhao et al. 2015; Chang et al. 2016b).
Pollen wall formation involves complicate gene expression networks, including transcription factors, sporopollenin synthesizing enzymes, and transporters, that are tightly regulated in the tapetum (Shi et al. 2015). To understand the role of OsABCG3 in tapetum development and pollen development, we compared the expression patterns of a few key genes essential for tapetum degeneration and pollen wall formation between the WT and osabcg3 by qRT-PCR analysis. Mutation of OsABCG3 did not alter the expression of the regulatory genes TDR (Zhang et al. 2008) and PERSISTANT TAPETAL CELL 1 (PTC1) (Li et al. 2011), and the aliphatic lipid metabolism genes WAX-DEFICIENT ANTHER 1 (WDA1) and CYP704B2 (Jung et al. 2006; Li et al. 2010a). However, the expression levels of DPW2 in aromatic lipids/phenolics biosynthesis pathway (Xu et al. 2017), TEK necessary for nexine formation (Lou et al. 2014; Jia et al. 2015) and lipid transport genes such as OsC4 and OsC6 (Zhang et al. 2010), were reduced in mutant anther (Fig. 6). However, in osabcg15 and osabcg26 mutants, the expression of TDR, WDA1, CYP704B2, OsC4 and OsC6 was all reduced, but the PTC1 transcript was increased (Niu et al. 2013a; Qin et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2013; Wu et al. 2014; Zhao et al. 2015; Chang et al. 2016b). These results suggested that OsABCG3 regulates lipid metabolisms and transport during anther development in a way that different from OsABCG15 and OsABCG26. To determine if OsABCG3, OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 are transcriptionally related, we investigated how mutation of one gene impacted the expression of the other two genes. As shown in Fig. 7, mutation of OsABCG3 did not change the expression of OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 (Fig. 7a, b), nor did mutation of OsABCG15 on the expression of OsABCG3 (Fig. 7c). But mutation of OsABCG26 altered the expression kinetics of OsABCG3 (Fig. 7d). These results suggested that OsABCG3, OsABCG15, and OsABCG26 regulate pollen development through discrete yet interacting pathways.
The isolation and characterization of rice male sterile mutants allowed us to identify two allelic osabcg3 mutants that were defective in pollen development. OsABCG3 belongs to the half-size ABCG transporter family. Many members in this family are known to be involved in the formation of hydrophobic polymers such as cutin, suberin, pollen coat and sporopollenin, presumably by allocating various lipidic and phenolic compounds from the site they are produced to the place where they are polymerized (Zhao et al. 2016; Do et al. 2017). Given that the fusion protein GFP-OsABCG3 was localized on the plasma membrane and loss-function of OsABCG3 caused sporophytic male sterility related to defective pollen, we speculated that OsABCG3 probably played a role in transporting materials from the tapetum to the microspores.
In addition to OsABCG3, two other members in the half-size ABCG family, OsABCG15 and OsABCG26, are also required for pollen development and male fertility in rice (Zhang et al. 2011; Niu et al. 2013a; Qin et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2013; Wu et al. 2014; Zhao et al. 2015; Chang et al. 2016b). OsABCG3, OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 are all preferentially expressed in anthers, and the three genes show similar expression kinetics during anther development by starting the expression at the tetrad stage (stage 8) and peaking when microspores are released from tetrad (stage 9) (Zhang et al. 2011; Niu et al. 2013a; Qin et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2013; Wu et al. 2014; Zhao et al. 2015; Chang et al. 2016b). Although loss-function of either gene causes complete male sterility, our microscopic observations indicated that OsABCG3 likely regulates pollen development in a way that is different from OsABCG15 and OsABCG26. The osabcg15 and osabcg26 mutants do not have pollen exine, which leads to rupture of microspores before first mitosis, and the mutant plants exhibit a "no pollen" phenotype (Zhang et al. 2011; Niu et al. 2013a; Qin et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2013; Wu et al. 2014; Zhao et al. 2015; Chang et al. 2016b). Mutations on OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 also abolish the anther surface cuticle development (Zhang et al. 2011; Niu et al. 2013a; Qin et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2013; Wu et al. 2014; Zhao et al. 2015; Chang et al. 2016b). Based on these observations, Zhao et al. (2015) proposed that OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 act as partners to allocate aliphatic and aromatic precursors from the tapetum for pollen wall and anther surface cuticle formation. Different from osabcg15 and osabcg26 mutants, osabcg3 mutant displayed a well preserved pollen exine framework, and the anther cuticle looked normal in osabcg3 mutant. These differences suggest that OsABCG3 and OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 likely transport different materials from the tapetum for microspore development.
The functional difference of OsABCG3 from OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 was also reflected by the interactions at the gene expression level. Mutation of OsABCG3 did not affect the expression of OsABCG15 and OsABCG26, and neither mutation of OsABCG15 affected the expression of OsABCG3, suggesting that OsABCG3 and OsABCG15 act in independent pathways. However, mutation of OsABCG26 altered the expression kinetics of OsABCG3, suggesting a possible epistatic relationship between OsABCG26 and OsABCG3 presumably involving the OsABCG26 substrates in a feedback regulation. These observations also raised a possibility that OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 may transport different substrates from the tapetum rather than work as partners, although their corresponding mutants showed the similar morphological phenotype.
In addition to functional differences for pollen development, the three genes also displayed distinct expression patterns in the female reproductive organ. OsABCG15 is not expressed in pistil, but OsABCG26 and OsABCG3 showed substantial expression in pistil (Zhang et al. 2011; Niu et al. 2013a; Qin et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2013; Wu et al. 2014; Zhao et al. 2015; Chang et al. 2016b). OsABCG26 is mainly expressed in stigma and the top part of the ovary, and it is required for pollen tube growth in the transmitting track (Chang et al. 2016b). OsABCG3 is specifically expressed in the pistil-receptacle junction, and our pollination assay indicated that OsABCG3 is dispensable for female fertility.
The tapetum PCD is critically important to the pollen development. At the time when meiosis begins, the tapetum cells initiate the PCD by showing cytoplasm condensation and signals of genomic DNA fragmentation (Zhang et al. 2011). Further development of the microspores is accompanied by further progression of tapetal PCD, which is associated with more condensed and vacuolated cytoplasm, then the formation of Ubisch bodies, and eventual degeneration of the tapetal cells (Zhang et al. 2011). Cytological analysis revealed that the tapetal PCD was normal in osabcg3 at stage 9 when microspores were just released from the tetrads, but soon after signs of abnormality occurred to the osabcg3 tapetum. The mutant tapetum was lightly stained at stage 10 and enlarged afterwards, indicating abnormal degradation. Compared to the other mutants of tapetum development regulators, such as GAMYB, TDR, ETERNAL TAPETUM 1 (EAT1) and PTC1 (Zhang et al. 2008; Aya et al. 2009; Li et al. 2011; Niu et al. 2013b), the tapetum defects in osabcg3 appeared later and minor. Moreover, our qRT-PCR analysis showed that at the developmental stage when OsABCG3 was expressed, the expression levels of TDR and PTC1 in osabcg3 anther were parallel to the WT plants. These results suggested that mutation of OsABCG3 affects tapetum development via a specific pathway rather than a feedback regulation on transcriptional cascades operated by the known transcriptional regulators.
A major defect exhibited by the osabcg3 pollens was on the pollen wall. The pollen exine in osabcg3 was visible with the sexine and discontinuous nexine I, but nexine II and the intine were disappeared. It has long been assumed that pollen exine development is contributed by tapetum, while intine synthesis is largely under the control of microspores (Shi et al. 2015). In fact, a number of genes required for the intine development, such as GLYCOSYL TRANSFERASE 1 (GT1) and COLLAPSED ABNORMAL POLLEN 1 (CAP1) in rice, UDP-SUGAR PYROPHOSPHORYLASE (AtUSP) and FASCICLIN-LIKE ARABINOGALACTAN-PROTEINS 3 (AtFLA3) in Arabidopsis, regulate pollen fertility in a gametophytic manner (Li et al. 2010b; Geserick and Tenhaken 2013; Moon et al. 2013; Ueda et al. 2013). OsABCG3 is expressed in both the tapetum and microspores. However, given that the pollen phenotype in osabcg3 mutant was inherited sporophytically, we proposed that the OsABCG3 expressed by the tapetum was mainly responsible for the pollen wall defect. The OsABCG3 expressed by the microspores did not play an important role, because the pollen grains produced by the osabcg3 heterozygous plant were all normal. How does the tapetum-produced ABC transporter regulate the intine formation? One possibility is that the intine formation requires not only the gametophyte-produced materials but also the tapetum-produced materials, and OsABCG3 is involved in the translocation of the tapetum-produced materials to the microspores. Another possibility is that the OsABCG3-transported compound(s), which may serve as nutrients, are necessary to nurture the microspore cytoplasm, and lack of the compounds leads to degeneration of the microspore cytoplasm. It is known in rice that microspores initiates the intine formation by the end of the bicellular pollen stage (stage 11) when exine development is almost finished (Zhang et al. 2011; Shi et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2016). However, we found that microspores of osabcg3 mutant showed plasma membrane breakage by stage 10 and complete cytoplasm degeneration by stage 11, long before the intine formation. Thus the lack of intine is expected, because degraded microspore cytoplasm cannot synthesize the intine. The third possibility is that the OsABCG3-allocated material(s) is essential for proper construction of the exine, and a fully functional exine is required for the intine formation. This speculation is supported by recent investigations on the Arabidopsis tek mutant and rice dpw2 mutant that both have the exine framework but lack the intine (Lou et al. 2014; Xu et al. 2017). TEK is a AHL family transcriptional regulator regulating a group of arabinogalactan proteins necessary for nexine formation (Lou et al. 2014; Jia et al. 2015), while DPW2 is a putative BAHD acyltransferase capable of transferring hydroxycinnamic acid moieties in vitro, using ω-hydroxy fatty acids as acyl acceptors and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoAs as acyl donors (Xu et al. 2017). Both TEK and DPW2 are sporophytic genes and are preferentially expressed in the tapetum (Lou et al. 2014; Xu et al. 2017). The tek mutant does not have the nexine and intine layer (Lou et al. 2014), while the dpw2 mutant does not have the nexine II and intine (Xu et al. 2017). In both cases, the absence of the nexine layer was proposed to be accountable for the lack of the intine formation (Lou et al. 2014). The osabcg3 mutant pollen did not have the nexine II layer. Therefore, the absence of intine in osabcg3 may have arisen from the lack of nexine II. It is possible that the nexine protects the microspore cytoplasm from collapse after they are released from the tetrad until the time the intine is formed.
Previous studies have shown that rice sporopollenin and anther cuticle share common precursors that are synthesized in the tapetum (Shi et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2016). Both aliphatic and aromatic lipids are important components of pollen exine and anther cuticle (Ariizumi and Toriyama 2011; Shi et al. 2015). Genes related to aliphatic lipids metabolisms contribute to the development of exine and anther cuticle profoundly. For instance, null mutants of rice genes OsCYP704B2, OsCYP703A3, DPW, WDA1, and OsACOS12 have flat cuticle and lack Ubisch bodies and pollen exine (Jung et al. 2006; Li et al. 2010a; Shi et al. 2011; Yang et al. 2014; Li et al. 2016; Yang et al. 2017). Interestingly, the OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 mutants display the same phenotype as mutants of the aliphatic lipids metabolism genes (Niu et al. 2013a; Qin et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2013; Wu et al. 2014; Zhao et al. 2015; Chang et al. 2016b) suggesting a possible role of OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 in allocation of aliphatic lipids. On the other hands, mutants of genes related to aromatic lipids biosynthesis, such as PKSA/B (Kim et al. 2010; Dobritsa et al. 2010), TKPR1/2 (Grienenberger et al. 2010), OsPKS1/2 (Wang et al. 2013; Zhu et al. 2017; Zou et al. 2018) and DPW2 (Xu et al. 2017), have relatively minor effects on anther cuticle and pollen exine. In osabcg3 mutant, the development of anther cuticle was normal, and the exine skeleton looked similar to that of the wild type except the exine was less condensed and the nexine II is absent. These cytological characteristics were similar to what in ospks2 and dpw2 (Xu et al. 2017; Zhu et al. 2017; Zou et al. 2018). Different from OsABCG15 and OsABCG26, mutation of OsABCG3 caused reduction of transcription level of DPW2, rather than WDA1 and CYP704B2. Therefore, it is possible that OsABCG3 is involved in transporting aromatic lipids rather than aliphatic lipids.
OsABCG3 was more closely related to AtABCG1 and AtABCG16 than to OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 in protein sequence. The pollen wall defects in osabcg3 were also similar to those in the atabcg1 atabcg16 double mutant (Yadav et al. 2014). AtABCG1 and AtABCG16 were proposed to transfer precursors from the tapetum for nexine and intine formation, but the chemical nature of their substrates remains unknown (Yim et al. 2016). It is worthy to notice that AtABCG16 is reported to be involved in abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonate tolerance (Ji et al. 2014), though the mechanism remains to be further clarified. In addition, several other ABC transporters contribute to phytohormone transport during anther development. For instance, AtABCG31 is essential for pollen coat formation and pollen viability under cold stress (Choi et al. 2014), and AtABCG31 was proposed to transfer ABA induced in the tapetum under cold stress (Baron et al. 2012). Given the similarity on protein sequences of OsABCG3 and AtABCG16, as well as the mutant phenotype, there is another possibility that OsABCG3 may contribute to pollen development via regulating hormone transport.
In summary, this work elucidated the important role of OsABCG3 in pollen development in rice. Ultrastructural analyses suggested that OsABCG3 and OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 likely transport different materials for pollen development. Because the chemical composition of pollen wall is complex, and the binding of ABCG transporters with their substrates is difficult to measure, we are still unable to determine the OsABCG3 substrates. Nonetheless, the identification and characterization of osabcg3 mutant provided a new perspective to the understanding of molecular mechanisms governing the pollen wall development in rice.
The osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2 mutants were isolated from an Huanghuazhan (HHZ) mutant library generated by EMS treatment (Chen et al. 2014). osabcg15 and osabcg26 mutants were isolated from the same library and reported previously (Chang et al. 2016b). The F2 populations were generated from a cross of osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2 with WT HHZ, and then selfed. The osabcg3–1/osabcg3–2 mutant genotypes were obtained by crossing osabcg3–1 homozygous with osabcg3–2 heterozygous plants. All plants were grown in the paddy field in Shenzhen.
Plants and flowers at mature stage were photographed with a Nikon D80 Digital Camera. For pollen fertility analysis, pollen grains at mature stage were stained with I2-KI solution and photographed using Nikon AZ100 microscope. To test the female fertility of osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2, these mutants were cross-pollinated with the WT HHZ pollen manually. osnp1–1 male sterile mutant plants were used as a control (Chang et al. 2016a). For transverse section and electron microscopic analysis of anthers, spikelets at different developmental stages were collected and treated as described previously (Chang et al. 2016b).
The mutant genes of osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2 were cloned with a SIMM method as described (Yan et al. 2017). Briefly, the osabcg3–1 and osabcg3–2 mutant plants were backcrossed with WT HHZ, and 30 sterile individuals in each F2 population were collected and bulk-sequenced respectively. The sequence data were subjected to computational analysis for identification of the mutant gene as described (Yan et al. 2017). Co-segregation of the candidate mutation with the phenotype in F2 population was analyzed using HRM analysis (Lochlainn et al. 2011). The primer sets HRM-osabcg3–1 and HRM-osabcg3–2 for HRM assay are listed in Additional file 8: Table S2.
To create additional mutant alleles of OsABCG3, the CRISPR genome targeting system (Ma et al. 2015) was applied to generate construct CRISPR-OsABCG3, with target site (GGTGTTACTCCTCCTCCGCC) specifically for OsABCG3. The 6.7 kb HHZ genomic DNA fragment for OsABCG3, including the 2.5 kb upstream region, 2.3 kb coding region, and 1.9 kb downstream region, was PCR-amplified using primer set Com-OsABCG3-P1. The PCR products were cloned into the binary vector pCAMBIA1300 using InFusion HD cloning kit (Takara, Dalian, China) to generate construct Com-OsABCG3 for genetic complementation. For promoter analysis, the 2.5 kb upstream region of OsABCG3 was PCR-amplified using the primer set Pro-OsABCG3-P1, and cloned into binary vector pHPG using InFusion HD cloning kit to yield OsABCG3pro:GUS. All constructs were sequence-confirmed before transformation. Constructs were introduced into Agrobacterium tumerfaciens AGL0 strain for rice transformation, as described previously (Chang et al. 2016b).
Com-OsABCG3 was introduced into the progeny of osabcg3–1 heterozygote plants. OsABCG3pro:GUS and CRISPR-OsABCG3 were introduced into japonica cv. Wuyungeng 7. The positive transgenic lines were determined by PCR, with primer set Pro-OsABCG3-P2 for OsABCG3pro:GUS construct, primer set SP-LR for CRISPR-OsABCG3, and primer set Com-OsABCG3-P2 for Com-OsABCG3. To identify the background genotype of Com-OsABCG3 transgenic plants, specific genomic fragment covering the mutation site of osabcg3–1 was amplified using primer set Com-OsABCG3-P3, and the product was further subjected to HRM analysis with primer set HRM-osabcg3–1. For transgenic lines of CRISPR-OsABCG3, DNA was amplified and sequenced using primer set CR-OsABCG3-Seq. All the primers are listed in Additional file 8: Table S2.
The protein sequences of 30 half-size ABCGs in rice and 28 half-size ABCGs in Arabidopsis (Verrier et al. 2008) were retrieved from RGAP (http://rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/) and TAIR (http://www.arabidopsis.org/) respectively. These proteins were aligned using ClustalW with default parameters, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Neighbor-Joining algorithm (5,000 replicates) in MEGA7 (Kumar et al. 2016).
Rice tissues were collected at the reproductive stage for qRT-PCR analysis of gene expression levels. Total RNA was extracted and then reverse-transcribed. qRT-PCR was performed with an Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-Time PCR System. Each experiment was biologically repeated three times, each with three replicates. OsACTIN1 was used as the normalized reference. The relative expression levels were measured using the 2−ΔCt analysis method. Primer sequences for TDR, PTC1, WDA1, CYP704B2, DPW2, OsC4, OsC6, OsABCG15 and OsABCG26 were designed according to the published genes (Jung et al. 2006; Zhang et al. 2008; Li et al. 2010a; Zhang et al. 2010; Li et al. 2011; Qin et al. 2013; Chang et al. 2016b; Xu et al. 2017). The TEK protein sequence in Arabidopsis (Lou et al. 2014; Jia et al. 2015) were used as the query sequence to blast in rice protein database and the most similar protein LOC_Os02g25020 were designated as OsTEK. All the primers are listed in Additional file 8: Table S2. Histochemical GUS stain was performed as described (Chang et al. 2016a) and photographed using Nikon AZ100 microscope. The stained anthers were then immersed into the clearing reagent, and then mounted into the slide and photographed using a Leica DM6 microscope, as described previously (Li et al. 2010a). In situ hybridization assay was performed as described (Chang et al. 2016a), using specific primer sets ISH-OsABCG3-S and ISH-OsABCG3-AS to generate sense and antisense probes respectively.
To construct the GFP-OsABCG3 fusion protein, the open reading frame of OsABCG3 was amplified from cDNA by PCR using primer set CDs-OsABCG3. The amplified cDNA fragment was then cloned in frame after the GFP coding region into the pYL322-GFP vector. To construct a plasma membrane-localized fluorescence marker protein mCherry-OsRac3 (Chen et al. 2010), the full-length coding sequence of OsRac3 was amplified from the Nipponbare cDNA using primer set CDs-OsRac3. The resulting fragment was then cloned in frame after the mCherry coding region into the p35S-mCherry-NosT vector by the Ω-PCR strategy (Chen et al. 2013). The construct GFP-OsABCG3, mCherry-OsRac3 or control vector was introduced into rice leaf protoplasts by PEG-mediated transformation as previously described (Chen et al. 2011a). After transformation, cells were incubated at 30 °C dark for 12 to 15 h. The fluorescence signal was observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope (TCS SP8, Leica).
Zhenyi Chang and Mingna Jin contributed equally to this work.
We thank the Microscope Center in Life Science School of Sun Yat-sen University for using their facilities for microscopic analysis, and Yao-Guang Liu for the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Plan Program (2016YFD0101801 and 2016YFD0100406), State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources (SKLCUSA-b201608), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31500254, 31560082), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2017A030313104); Shenzhen Commission on Innovation and Technology Programs (JSGG20150508105340526 and JCYJ20160229204920363), and the Innovation Project of Graduate School of South China Normal University (2017LKXM011).
Z.Chang performed microscopic and gene expression analyses; MJ, HC, and SQ conducted genetic and transgenic analyses; WY did SIMM assay; SF and JX did protein localization; YL did in situ hybridization; Z.Chen isolated the mutants; Z.Chen, JW and XT designed and directed the project; Z.Chang, JW and XT wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


tunities for improvement exist, and produce a detailed report including cost estimates.
do the work, we test again to prove we've accomplished our goals.
environmentally advanced extent of the project, we can work with you and your architect or contractor (if you already have one) to set goals and budgets. We can also build from the ground up.
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We've passed the next social stretch goal! Now that we've crossed 500 backers, we'll be making an eBook version of the book to aid in portability and legibility. With just 18 more Facebook Likes or 72 more retweets we'll unlock the Solo Play module, allowing you to play the game without a GM. Douglas is very much looking forward to working on this one!
If you check out the House PDF in the beta handouts Dropbox folder, you'll see two new arrivals: the Order of Kyradar, and the Untamed Order. One dedicates their life to hunting down ruinous titanic monsters following the legacy of poor, ruined Kyr (see Volfyirion for that story); the other forms a mystical bond with the beasts of the borderlands, living and hunting alongside them as equal partners. Two radically different ways of life, but linked by a deep understanding for the creatures of this world.
Also - we were very excited to receive play reports of the Quickstart out there in the wild!
Group #1 run by Mysthea backer #4!
"We were two Legacy veterans and two PBtA newcomers."
"The GM was terrified of Qoam moves being too versatile, but the group's use just enhanced the feeling of mysticism and power. Rituals were very considered VERY costly."
"Covenants worked very well, though the Legacy 2e veterans missed the backstory questions.
"The flow of story was smooth, and the group felt more inclined to help the city and refugees and deal with the quests than with the mystical plot. One player said that her parents were refugees from a war in Europe, and that she felt drama in play to be sensitive and immersive."
"Aid and Support were described as "very charming", because the GM used crystalline dice of a particular colour for each player."
"With two newcomers to RPG games, and two traditional D&D players we ran The Bitter March in one go, over a 6hs session!"
"We adapted really well to rules - taking the cue of more strategic video and board games to take on House moves very efficiently."
"But soon, Heroes and Montaran dilemmas led us to improvise and roleplay their House actions more naturally."
"We discovered Aid and Support early on and embraced it with gusto... up to the moment where our Covenants started suffering and our Houses' relations started to suffer. Tensions increased fast!"
"They were in way over their heads in the final confrontation. Up to the point where they used Wield with a two extra foci, granted by two characters giving them their Aid!"
Have you given the Quickstart a try? If so, let us know what you thought!
METADNA, Douglas Santana Mota, and 20 more people like this update.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Cannot be loaded because the execution of scripts is disabled on this system.
Then re-run your Powershell script and you should find that it will now run correctly.
Next Article EA & Need For Speed Rivals – Nothing but problems!


"City of Hope" is a leading research and treatment center in Duarte, CA. A sculptural structure stands in the center of the visitor center. On its outer walls, there are three touchscreen segments stitched with connective lights. The interior of the sculpture provides a quiet space where visitors can relax, process, and meditate. A projection of a digital wishing tree prompts visitors to add to the growing digital foliage by submitting a wish from their mobile phones.


text:
Q: error RC2104: undefined keyword or key name: DS_SETFONT I am starting to learn about the Windows API. So I opened up Microsoft Visual C++ and created a new project. I chose Win32 project and it started up. I then clicked build and run before typing anything and I came up with this error:
error RC2104: undefined keyword or key name: DS_SETFONT....

The error told me it was in the windows resource file that I cannot edit. I looked on-line and I couldn't find anything on this topic.
How would I go about fixing this?

A: When the solution is generated, it removes #include <windows.h>.
Simply adding #include <windows.h> will fix it.
In my case, I added it in the *.rc file.

A: For others encountering this problem: my issue seems to have originated in that I was working on an old project where the resource files were not generated in Visual Studio and the normal Wizard setups had not been completed.
I was attempting to add/change controls to the MYAPP.RC files defining the menu etc but was getting an error "RC2104 undefined keyword or keyname: DS_SETFONT."  This is because the Symbol Directives needed the header # include "windows.h"
I figured this out and added # include "windows.h" to the resource.h file.  Trouble is both the MYAPP.RC and resource.h files are auto generated and any manually inserted # include "windows.h" gets dumped each time.
This Microsoft Help page put me straight and I went to the Resource View -> Resource Includes -> Read-only symbol directives window and inserted: # include "windows.h"
Can now edit Resources no problem.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Dr Joshua Forstenzer, Vice-Chancellor's Fellow for the Public Benefit of Higher Education, University of Sheffield.
These are the words spoken by six-year-old, Henry Marr, from Mount Vernon (Washington, USA) in an online video that, as of writing, has received over 8 million views. Henry's words are powerful and, broadly speaking, true. But, they are not new. Various international organisations have been pointing out for several decades that we cannot hope to sustain our environment without radical change to the way we treat the planet.
So, why would some 8 million grown-ups (at least, I am assuming most of them are grown-ups) have taken two minutes out of their days to listen to what Henry had to say, sobs and all? It cannot be because the information itself is new to them (at least not for all 8 million of them). Moreover, it is doubtful that people are listening because of Henry's eloquence however impressive and precocious, since other better versed speakers have said similar things probably more beautifully. So what made over 8 million people pay attention to Henry's words?
The answer, I think, resides at least partially in a widely shared but often poorly articulated belief that children are capable of speaking to the ethical core of many issues. We find in various texts (most notably in the New Testament and Plato's Symposium) the rather simplistic notion that out of the mouths of children, cherubs, or babes, springs truth and/or wisdom. When watching Henry, one is certainly struck by the resonance of his words: in some fundamental way, they feel true, truer perhaps than those of better informed more cognitively developed adults.
But why then does impressive young Henry say that he wishes to be an adult? To be heard, to be taken seriously by adults. Although Henry's mother is encouraging and creative, it is hard not to empathise with Henry. Children are often given short shrift in civic discussions.
Indeed, while a few adults may be like Henry's mother, that is to say, enthusiastic about the capacity of young people to meaningfully voice socially important concerns and ideas, most adults focus on children's lack of necessary cognitive abilities and life experiences to silence or sideline the voices of children in civic and political debate. Indeed, it is on these very grounds that, for most of the history of western thought, children have been explicitly excluded from taking part in the act which most epitomizes political citizenship – voting.
Citizenship involves not only belonging to a specific community, but also having certain rights, privileges and obligations in relation to that community. In the history of western political thought, children are typically understood to be immature and in need of preparation for a life of adult citizenship.
Clearly, children need to develop the capacity for communication (through nurturing relationships of play and learning) if they are to be heard by the rest of us. However, the assumption that adult cognitive abilities are a precondition for meaningful engagement in discussions about how we ought to live together fails to recognize the fact that emotions and imagination have just as important a role to play in civic life as careful causal thinking. Without space for feelings and imagined improvements to the way things are, there would be little space for compassion, insight, and creative visions for a better world.
Although it would be an unfair burden to ask of children that they measure the full weight of considerations and exercise careful judgment to determine what policies entire human societies ought to follow, we owe it to our children and to the very process of civic reasoning to recognise the fact that children also possess morally relevant feelings and ideas to which serious consideration is due. Not only that, children learn best when they are taken seriously, so how better to learn how to deliberate about civic life than by actually doing it at the level of the family, of the school, or of the playground, one step at a time, within the limits of their abilities. In this way, the Henrys of this world might learn that their voices can make a real difference, now and in the future.


text:
Police & Fire: Drivers identified
DRIVERS IDENTIFIED: Battle Creek police said they have identified the two drivers involved in the fatal accident Tuesday on Columbia Avenue at the south end of the W.K. Kellogg Airport. Officers said Alexis Scott, 19, of Nashville was driving a westbound car when it collided with a gravel truck driven by Christopher Robinson, 40, of Olivet. Scott died after her car crossed the center line and struck the truck head-on. The exact cause of the crash at 11:37 a.m. remains under investigation.
• A man, 39, was arrested after his girlfriend, 32, said she was assaulted in the first block of Elm Street at 12:31 a.m. Wednesday.
• Officers were called to the first block of Clark Street after a woman, 32, reported she was assaulted. Police said the other person involved also reported an assault.
BREAK-INS: • South 22nd Street, first block: undisclosed, one arrested.
THEFTS: • Family Fare, 45 E. Columbia Ave.: undisclosed, one arrested. • Family Fare, 45 E. Columbia Ave.: liquor, one arrested.


+ Parties for Purim, Yom Ha'Atzmaut, Chanukah and more!
Find out more information about AUJS at your campus' O-Week stand, or on our Facebook page!
Alternatively, if you can't make it to your campus for O-Week, sign up to AUJS here.
AUJS would like to thank Masa for its generous support of O-Week 2017.
AUJS and Shalom are proud members of the JCA Family of organisations. Without the support of the JCA, AUJS would not be able to provide all these opportunities for our members.


Thank you JaBoo! One day at a time. Your support means a great deal xo.
Pink Stinks, you are an extremely talented writer whether you are expressing whimsy, pain, or the quiet wonders of a walk on a beach. It's a gift that you share with us – and one that takes us closer to having not only some understanding but also helping us to see, feel, or experience things that might otherwise escape us. Thank you.
Wishing you peace through this adjustment and loss.
Secret Agent and Magellan, thank you both so much for the support.
You have sacrificed so much – TNBC is such a greedy, filthy god.
I hope your recovery is going well. Update us when you can.
Previous Previous post: Surgery Today.


text:
A journal by artist and designer John Coulthart.
Tag: Mark Newgarden
Weekend links 411
The Temple of Love (1911–24) by Herbert E. Crowley.
• My film viewing in the 1980s involved a considerable amount of backtracking: watching any film noir that turned up on the TV while chasing the early works of David Cronenberg, and various "New Hollywood" classics on television or at repertory cinemas (when such things were still plentiful). Contemporary fare by comparison was often a lot less attractive, although I'd be waiting for new work from David Lynch and Nicolas Roeg while pursuing obscurities (usually the banned or censored) on videotape. Popular films seldom generated actual loathing but throughout the decade I nurtured a persistent hatred for the works of John Hughes, an animus that can still return today when I read yet another nostalgic article about his oeuvre.
The monoculture of the 1980s was writ large on American cinema of the decade. From Arnold Schwarzenegger's muscle-rippling actioners to John Hughes's adolescent confections, bombastic, generally upbeat films characterised the decade of the yuppie.
Christina Newland offers a welcome riposte to the pastel-hued retrospectives in a piece entitled "Reagan's bastard children: the lost teens of 1980s American indie films". While not exclusively teen pictures, I'd have mentioned three low-budget films written by Eric Red: The Hitcher (1986), Near Dark (1987) and Cohen and Tate (1989).
• The Temple of Silence: Forgotten Works & Worlds of Herbert Crowley is a lavish (and costly) study of the strange comic strips and incredibly detailed drawings of Herbert E. Crowley (1873–1937). Mark Newgarden interviewed Justin Duerr about rescuing Crowley's art from undeserved neglect. I missed an earlier interview by Steven Heller with Temple of Silence publisher Josh O'Neill. There's more: The Wiggle Much a Tumblr devoted to Crowley's comic strips and other artwork. (Ta to Jay for the tip!)
• Pandemic is an interactive film by John Bradburn for The Science Museum. "A pandemic is causing heart failure–how far will you go to create a pig/human hybrid to provide donor organs?" The multiple choice begins at YouTube; there's also a behind the scenes feature at the Museum blog, and a trailer. Anyone who remembers a certain scene in Lindsay Anderson's O Lucky Man! may hesitate before playing.
Given the plain palette of so much 1969–70 rock—jammed-out bluesy boogie in the Canned Heat and Allman Brothers mode, nasal pseudo-country harmony singing à la CSN&Y and their afterbirth—it is tempting to imagine an entirely alternative history for rock. It's a parallel world where Fifty Foot Hose's Cauldron, United States of America's self-titled album and synthedelic oddities from Syrinx, Silver Apples, Beaver & Krause and Tonto's Expanding Head Band were just the run-up to a giant leap into the electronic future.
Simon Reynolds in an excellent piece on one of my favourite musical sub-genres, electronic psychedelia
• The week in animated film: Emerald Rush, a video for an extract from Jon Hopkins' new album, Singularity; Awaken Akira, a short homage to Katsuhiro Otomo's graphic novel/film by Ash Thorp and Zaoeyo; Extra (1996), a video by one of the Akira animators, Koji Morimoto, for music by Ken Ishii.
• Tenebrous Kate on The Powers of Darkness & The Powers of the Mind: The Legacy of Jacques Tourneur's Night of the Demon. Related: a look at the film's shooting script and pressbook.
• At Dangerous Minds: John Gray, the pre-Bosie lover of Oscar Wilde, and the man whose surname is memorialised in Wilde's most famous creation, Dorian Gray.
• Skewing the Picture: China Miéville posts the full text of an essay from 2016 about the rural weird.
• Share a pastrami sandwich with TED Klein in Episode 65 of Eating the Fantastic.
• More Hodgsoniana: The Land of Lonesomeness, a short story by Sam Gafford.
• At The Quietus: Barry Miles on William Burroughs' years in London.
• At Dennis Cooper's: Curtis Harrington Day.
• Night Of The Assassins (1977?) by Les Rallizes Dénudés | Night Of The Earth (1980) by Chrome | Night Of The Swallow (1982) by Kate Bush
Author JohnPosted on May 6, 2018 Categories {animation}, {art}, {books}, {burroughs}, {electronica}, {film}, {gay}, {horror}, {music}Tags Ash Thorp, Barry Miles, Beaver & Krause, China Miéville, Christina Newland, Chrome (group), Curtis Harrington, David Cronenberg, David Lynch, Dennis Cooper, Dorian Gray, Eric Red, Fifty Foot Hose, Herbert E. Crowley, Jacques Tourneur, John Bradburn, John Gray, Jon Hopkins, Josh O'Neill, Justin Duerr, Kate Bush, Katsuhiro Otomo, Ken Ishii, Koji Morimoto, Les Rallizes Dénudés, Mark Newgarden, Nicolas Roeg, Oscar Wilde, Sam Gafford, Silver Apples, Simon Reynolds, Steven Heller, Syrinx (group), TED Klein, Tenebrous Kate, Tonto's Expanding Head Band, United States of America (group), William Burroughs, William Hope Hodgson, Zaoeyo2 Comments on Weekend links 411
Moebius Redux
Giger's first alien: Swissmade: 2069
Ghost Box and The Infinity Box
David Britton, 1945–2020
Sredni Vashtar, 1981
Curious Relations
Mr Sandman
Jean Giraud record covers
Seasonal spectres
Arzak Rhapsody
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text:
Artists >
Coaches, Accompanists, & Collaborative Pianists
Composers & Librettists
Conductors & Music Directors
Dramaturgs
Singers & Voice Teachers
Stage Directors & Producers
Stage Managers & Crew
JUHI BANSAL
Composer Juhi Bansal brings together themes celebrating musical and cultural diversity by drawing upon her traditions as an Indian composer raised in Hong Kong. Her work draws from music including Hindustani, progressive metal, and choral traditions that tells stories about women whose stories are rarely told. "Two of the themes I always love to write about are strong women and celebration of different cultures." Her work has been performed worldwide including commissions from LA Opera, Los Angeles Philharmonic Association, Beth Morrison Projects, Heidi Duckler Dance Theatre, AIDS Quilt Songbook 20th Anniversary project and more.
Celebrating strong women is a common theme in Juhi's work. "There are so many unknown women from different countries and cultures who have done incredible things, but are hardly spoken about." Building on that interest, her latest work for Prototype's 2021 season is inspired by the story of The Bangladesh Surf Girls and Boys. "I found the stories of the young girls themselves incredibly powerful, and have really enjoyed bringing in elements from my Indian childhood and culture along with more traditional operatic elements to tell part of their story." Drawing inspiration from the young surfers, the work is about making choices, the conflict of cultures, and finding courage within yourself to create change.
Early this year Juhi wrote a new piece for LA Opera's Eurydice Found Festival. We Look to the Stars, is a reflection on human experiences through the stories of various cultures. The performance of the cantata brought together youth and adult community performers, alongside professionals, in a production that Juhi lists among her proudest accomplishments. Working together with multiple performers and organizations is part of the collaborative process that Juhi truly enjoys. "As long as we're all excited about the story we're telling and invested in making it happen as effectively as we can - both in sharing creative ideas and adapting to logistical constraints - I feel like that makes for satisfying collaboration."
Not only a composer, Juhi is also a conductor having earned fellowships by the Douglas Moore Fund for American Opera, the Atlantic Music Center, Seasons Music Festival, Oregon Bach Festival Composer's Symposium, and the Pacific Music Festival. She is currently on the music faculties of the Hartt School at the University of Hartford and Pasadena City College.
Connect with Juhi and learn more about her work on her website, https://juhibansal.com/.


text:
Lor Kosh (; also known as Lūr Kosh) is a village in Padena-ye Olya Rural District, Padena District, Semirom County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 155, in 36 families.

References

Populated places in Semirom County


Jay Hendrix, MD (Austin) - Book Appointment Online!
We provide a full range of medical and surgical dermatologic care. We diagnose and treat skin cancer, irregular or changing "atypical" moles, warts, acne, eczema, psoriasis and any problem of the skin, hair or nails that you might have. We are one of the few dermatology practices in Austin to provide ultraviolet therapy, including the latest narrowband ultraviolet B modality, for the treatment of psoriasis and other inflammatory skin diseases. We are now also offering Photodynamic Therapy, the most advanced option for removal of multiple precancerous actinic keratoses.
Came in to get a small lipoma removed from my neck. Dr. Hendrix was able to give me a rough estimate of the price before performing the procedure which was very helpful. It only took him about 5 minutes to remove the lipoma and I was out the door! He is a very personable guy and makes you feel like you're in good hands. Highly recommended!


text:
Whitland
Submitted by content-admin on Tue, 17/08/2021 - 11:59
Whitland station
St Johns Street
SA34 0AP
unstaffed
Find WiFi Hotspots around Whitland station
Accessible Public Telephones
On St Johns street approximately 200 metres.
Category B1
Step free access to Platform 1 (to Carmarthen) from the main road.
Step free access to Platform 2 (to Pembroke Dock, Milford Haven and Fishguard Harbour) from Station Road.
Access between the platforms is via the level crossing
Coverage: whole Station
Name: Station Car Park
Mon-Fri - 24h
- 24h
Wait in the station car park adjacent to level crossing
On the West Wales line, Whitland station serves the Carmarthenshire town of Whitland. Forming part of the route from Cardiff in the southeast to Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire, the station was opened in 1854, and has undergone several rebuilds since.
Lying between the rivers Tâf and Afon Gronw, Whitland is a charming rural town with a rich history. Site of the first Welsh parliament tasked with codifying the country's laws and called by Hywel Dda in 930, Whitland has an important place in the history books. Hywel Dda was a highly accomplished ruler, minting his own coins, making a pilgrimage to Rome, and using diplomacy to gain an advantage for Wales over England.
How long does it take to walk from Whitland station to Whitland town centre?
By following St John Street, the walk from the station to Whitland town centre takes under five minutes.
What car parking facilities are available at Whitland station?
Whitland station has spaces to park 5 cars.
What facilities are there for bike storage at Whitland station?
There are facilities to store 20 bikes with CCTV at Whitland station.
What other facilities are available at Whitland station?
Disabled access - step-free access throughout the whole station, with ramps and induction loops available.


We are constantly innovating and adapting our growing techniques to provide our patients with the best medicine possible. We learn new things about each strain or phenotype in each harvest and we apply our knoweldge into each following harvest. We are always experimenting with new technologies (and old) to get the most out of our cannabis plants with quality being our #1 priority.


'Playoff P' was his self-proclaimed nickname and he definitely backed that up after his Game 1 performance.
It was a show, to say the least, and Oklahoma City defeated the Utah Jazz 116-108.
The game really wasn't that close.
After a very slow start for OKC with the Jazz getting off to an 11-2 lead, Russell Westbrook, Carmelo Anthony, and George decided to elevate their play a tad bit and the rest of the team fell into place. A 12-0 run followed Utah's early onslaught and that laid the foundation for the remainder of the game. The big three actually combined for 21 of the team's 25 first-quarter points.
George had a moderate start, netting just six points in the first quarter but exploded for 14 in the second, en route to a 20-point half. It was at that moment that the name Playoff P was deemed legitimate.
Through the second half, Paul danced in front of his defender with the ball, netting shot-after-shot and seemingly not missing. It was resemblant of a game in Rucker Park with the way that he played around with the Jazz's stout defense. Always making things look easy while entertaining. People often mistake it for being too lackadaisical but he showed tonight that's just how smooth he is. That's how easy he makes things look when he's playing his best brand of basketball.
For the second straight game, George was flirting with 40 points and also for the second straight game, George shot 13-of-20 from the field. Combined, he's scored 76 points on 26-of-40 shooting (65 percent).
When the big three play at their best, they can't be beaten. When two of the three have big games, they are extremely difficult to beat. In Game 1, all three played extremely well.
George's counterparts, Westbrook and Anthony had impressive games themselves. Westbrook finished with 29 points, 13 rebounds, and 8 assists. He was also a perfect 9-for-9 from the free throw line. Anthony didn't score 20 points but exposed Utah as a team that can't guard him, or George because their wings are simply too small and he's too quick in the post. Anthony finished with 15 points, seven rebounds, three steals, and two blocks. He was effective in so many ways other than scoring the ball which doesn't necessarily fit his reputation but it works perfectly for OKC in this situation.
–Paul George on carrying this performance to Game 2.
George's 36 points break the Thunder's franchise record for most points scored in their playoff debut with the team and hopefully for the Thunder's sake, it continues. In a season that's been full of inconsistencies, the Thunder have a good chance to put the critics to bed, especially if George and Co. keep playing like they are.
Game two will be on Wednesday, at 8:00 p.m. in Oklahoma City.


For learning and local development purposes, there is no easier way than to download the Hortonworks Data Platform (HDP) sandbox and run in inside your favourite hypervisor.
Once you get your image started in whatever hypervisor you use, you will see a login screen with connection information.
Once we are in, it's time to perform first hdfs command. Switch user to hdfs and issue hdfs dfsadmin with report as a parameter. What we get is a general information about our Hadoop sandbox.
If we hadn't switched to hdfs user, we wouldn't have seen all the information from the above screenshot. Apparently, Hortonworks made a change in the sandbox configuration for 2.2 version that root user doesn't have a superuser privilege for hdfs anymore.
For the sake of sandbox testing purposes, one may issue a usermod command to assign root to the superuser group.


Good morning! (afternoon for some) Just a reminder that there is only 3 days left to sign up for February's class, Life Scripted with Kal Barteski. Brush script is something I've wanted to learn for quite awhile now. I missed the chance to take Kal's first class through her own website and was SO BUMMED I waited. Now it's available on the Studio Calico website and will run through the month of February. Lot's of inspiration and lessons from Kal along with a few different versions and tips from my fellow CT ladies.
What I've learned so far from just practicing? To really slow down and just enjoy the process. It's SO RELAXING and has become quite the stress reducer for me. One thing you have to put aside is perfection and if you hate your handwriting (like I do) then you might be pleasantly surprised at how brush script transforms it.