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1 United Nations A/RES/71/128 General Assembly Distr.: General 25 January 2017 Seventy-first session Agenda item 69 (a) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 8 December 2016 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/71/L.33 and Add.1)] 71/128. International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in The General Assembly, Reaffirming its resolution 46/182 of 19 December 1991, the annex to which contains the guiding principles for the strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations system, as well as all its resolutions on international cooperation on humanitarian assistance in the field of natural disasters, from relief to development, and recalling the resolutions of the humanitarian segments of the substantive sessions of the Economic and Social Council, Reaffirming also the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence for the provision of humanitarian assistance, Recalling the Sendai Declaration 1 and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction , 2 adopted by the Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, held in Sendai, Japan, from 14 to 18 March 2015, Recognizing that the Sendai Framework applies to the risk of small-scale and large-scale, frequent and infrequent, sudden and slow-onset disasters caused by natural or man-made hazards, as well as related environmental, technological and biological hazards and risks, Noting with concern that slow-onset disasters such as droughts are on the rise in many places and can have significant impacts on affected populations and lead to increased vulnerability to other hazards, Recognizing the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction as the main forum at the global level for strategic advice coordination and partnership development for disaster risk reduction, Welcoming the Paris Agreement 3 and its early entry into force, encouraging all its parties to fully implement the Agreement, and parties to the United Nations 1 Resolution 69/283, annex I. 2 Ibid., annex II. 3 See FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, decision 1/CP.21, annex (E) * * Please recycle
2 A/RES/71/128 International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in Framework Convention on Climate Change 4 that have not yet done so to deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, where appropriate, as soon as possible, Noting with appreciation the hosting by the Government of Morocco of the twenty-second session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the twelfth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement, held in Marrakech, Morocco, from 7 to 18 November 2016, Emphasizing the fundamentally civilian character of humanitarian assistance, reaffirming, in situations in which military capacity and assets are used as a last resort to support the implementation of humanitarian assistance in the field of natural disasters, the need for their use to be undertaken with the consent of the affected State and in conformity with international law, including international humanitarian law, as well as humanitarian principles, and emphasizing also in this regard the need for Member States to coordinate with all relevant actors early on in a disaster response so as to ensure the predictable, coherent and needs-based deployment of military assets and personnel supporting humanitarian assistance, Emphasizing also that the affected State has the primary responsibility in the initiation, organization, coordination and implementation of humanitarian assistance within its territory and in the facilitation of the work of humanitarian organizations in mitigating the consequences of natural disasters, Emphasizing further the primary responsibility of each State to undertake disaster risk reduction and management, including through the voluntary implementation of and follow-up to the Sendai Framework, as well as response and early recovery efforts, in order to minimize the impact of disasters, while recognizing the importance of international cooperation in support of the efforts of affected countries which may have limited capacities in this regard, Noting the convening of the International Conference on the Implementation of the Health Aspects of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction , in Bangkok on 10 and 11 March 2016, which adopted the Bangkok Principles for the implementation of the health aspects of the Sendai Framework as a contribution to the Sendai Framework to build resilient health systems, Recognizing the primary role of Member States in preparing for and responding to outbreaks of infectious disease, including those that become humanitarian crises, highlighting the critical role played by Member States, the World Health Organization as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work, the United Nations humanitarian system, regional organizations, non-governmental organizations, the private sector and other humanitarian actors in providing financial, technical and in-kind support in order to bring epidemics or pandemics under control, and recognizing also the need to strengthen local and national health systems, early reporting and early warning systems, preparedness, cross-sectoral response capacities, and resilience linked to outbreaks of infectious disease, including through capacity-building for developing countries, 4 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No /14
3 International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in A/RES/71/128 Expressing its deep concern at the increasing challenges to Member States and to the United Nations humanitarian response capacity to deal with the consequences of natural disasters, given the effects of global challenges, including the impact of climate change, the adverse impacts of the global financial and economic crisis and volatile food prices on food security and nutrition, and other key factors that exacerbate the vulnerability of populations and exposure to natural hazards and the impact of natural disasters, Expressing its deep concern also that rural and urban poor communities in the developing world are the hardest hit by the effects of increased disaster risk, Noting with concern that persons with disabilities, older persons, women and children are disproportionately affected in natural disasters, Acknowledging the impacts of rapid urbanization in the context of natural disasters and that urban disaster preparedness and responses require appropriate disaster risk reduction strategies, including in urban planning, and early recovery strategies implemented from the initial stage of relief operations, as well as mitigation, rehabilitation and sustainable development strategies, and that action by humanitarian and development actors in urban areas needs to recognize the complexity of cities and build urban resilience, with improved urban expertise and capacities within organizations, while building on the capabilities, opportunities and potential new partnerships present in cities and other human settlements, Welcoming the adoption of the outcome document entitled New Urban Agenda at the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), held in Quito from 17 to 20 October 2016, 5 and in this regard noting the importance of implementing policies to ensure more effective disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management, Noting that local communities are the first responders in most disasters, underlining the critical role played by in-country capacities in disaster risk reduction, including preparedness, as well as response and recovery, and acknowledging the need to support efforts of Member States to develop and enhance national and local capacities which are fundamental to improving the overall delivery of humanitarian assistance, Stressing the need for all relevant actors involved in international responses to natural disasters to ensure that such responses are tailored to context, make use of appropriate tools and support local systems, including by building on local expertise and capacities, Recognizing the adverse effects of climate change as contributors to environmental degradation and extreme weather events, which may, in certain instances, among other factors, contribute to disaster-induced human mobility, Recognizing also the high numbers of persons affected by natural disasters, including in this respect displaced persons, Reaffirming the importance of international cooperation in support of the efforts of the affected States in dealing with natural disasters in all thei r phases, in particular in preparedness, response and the early recovery phase, and of strengthening the response capacity of countries affected by disaster, 5 Resolution 71/256. 3/14
4 A/RES/71/128 International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in Recognizing that scientific advancements can contribute to the effective forecasting of extreme weather events, which allows for a more accurate prediction of such events, Recognizing also the progress made by the United Nations Platform for Spacebased Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) in its mission, Noting the progress of the Global Framework for Climate Services in developing and providing science-based climate information and prediction for climate risk management and for adaptation to climate variability and change, and looking forward to continued implementation, Welcoming the important role played by Member States, including developing countries, that have granted necessary and continued generous assistance to countries and peoples stricken by natural disasters, Recognizing the significant role played by national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies, as part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, in disaster preparedness and risk reduction, disaster response, rehabilitation and development, Recognizing also the significant achievements of the Central Emergency Response Fund in facilitating life-saving assistance to crisis-affected people by providing timely funding, enabling humanitarian organizations and their implementing partners to act quickly when tragedy strikes and steer resources to crises that do not receive the attention that they need and deserve, emphasizing the need to broaden and diversify the income base of the Fund, and welcoming in this regard the call by the Secretary-General to achieve an annual funding level of 1 billion United States dollars by 2018, Emphasizing the need to address vulnerability and to integrate disaster risk reduction, including preparedness, into all phases of natural disaster management, post-natural disaster recovery and development planning through close collaboration of all relevant actors and sectors, Reaffirming that strengthening resilience contributes to withstanding, adapting to and quickly recovering from disasters, Reaffirming also the importance of considering increasing investment in building the resilience of communities, which can be the first line of response, Recognizing the changing scope, scale and complexity of humanitarian crises, including natural disasters, and their adverse impact on efforts to achieve economic growth, sustainable development and internationally agreed development goals, in particular the Sustainable Development Goals, 6 and noting the positive contribution that these efforts can make in strengthening the resilience of populations to such disasters, Recognizing also the clear relationship between emergency response, rehabilitation and development, and reaffirming that, in order to ensure a smooth transition from relief to rehabilitation and development, emergency assistance must be provided in ways that will be supportive of short-term and medium-term 6 See resolution 70/1. 4/14
5 International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in A/RES/71/128 recovery, leading to long-term development, and that certain emergency measures should be seen as a step towards sustainable development, Emphasizing, in this context, the important role of development organizations and other relevant stakeholders in supporting national efforts to mitigate the consequences of natural disasters, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General; 7 2. Expresses its deep concern at the increasing impact of natural disasters, resulting in massive losses of life and property worldwide and, in some instances, displacement, in particular in vulnerable societies lacking adequate capacity to mitigate effectively the long-term negative social, economic and environmental consequences of natural disasters; 3. Reaffirms the importance of implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction , 2 to ensure the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries, and underlines the importance of tackling the underlying disaster risk drivers and of integrating a disaster risk reduction perspective into humanitarian assistance to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risk; 4. Encourages the United Nations to continue to increase its support for Member States in their prioritized implementation of the Sendai Framework, including through the revised United Nations Plan of Action on Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience, to ensure that the implementation of the Sendai Framework most effectively contributes to a risk-informed and integrated approach to the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 6 in particular through building resilience against disasters and supporting national and local preparedness and response capacities; 5. Emphasizes the need to promote and strengthen disaster risk reduction and preparedness activities at all levels, in particular in hazard-prone areas, and encourages Member States, the United Nations system and other relevant humanitarian and development actors to increase funding and cooperation for disaster risk reduction activities, including disaster preparedness; 6. Encourages Member States, in line with the call in the Sendai Framework, to promote disaster preparedness, response and recovery with a view to ensuring a rapid and effective response to disasters and to promoting international cooperation to build resilience and reduce disaster risk; 7. Also encourages Member States to provide dedicated financial contributions to disaster risk reduction, preparedness, response and recovery efforts in a harmonized, flexible and complementary approach that fully utilizes and helps to coordinate humanitarian and development funding options and potential; 8. Calls upon all States to adopt, where required, and to continue to implement effectively, necessary legislative and other appropriate measures to mitigate the effects of natural disasters and integrate disaster risk reduction strategies into development planning, as well as to incorporate a gender perspective into policies, planning and funding, and in this regard requests the international 7 A/71/329. 5/14
6 A/RES/71/128 International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in community to continue to assist developing countries as well as countries with economies in transition, as appropriate; 9. Acknowledges that climate change, among other factors, contributes to environmental degradation and to the increase in the intensity and frequency of climate and extreme weather events, both of which amplify disaster risk, and in this regard encourages Member States, as well as relevant international, regional and subregional organizations, in accordance with their specific mandates, to support adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change and to strengthen disaster risk reduction and early warning systems in order to minimize the humanitarian consequences of natural disasters, including through the provision of technology and support for capacity-building in developing countries; 10. Urges the United Nations, relevant humanitarian and development organizations and other relevant stakeholders to strengthen the capacity and resilience of Member States, including through the application of new science and technology and through investments in the context of disasters and climate change; 11. Encourages Member States to address the humanitarian and development needs arising from natural disaster-induced displacement, including through national policies and resilience-building, and in this regard encourages Member States, supported by the United Nations, to develop national laws and policies on internal displacement, as appropriate, which address such displacement, detail responsibilities and measures to minimize the impact of disasters, protect and assist internally displaced persons following disasters and identify, promote and support safe, dignified and durable solutions, and in this respect encourages Member States to adopt standards, as appropriate, in line with the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, 8 the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee 9 and the basic principles and guidelines on development-based evictions and displacement; Calls upon Member States, the United Nations and humanitarian and development organizations to integrate the building of resilience and human mobility into relevant strategies, plans and legal frameworks, in particular regarding disaster risk management and climate change adaptation, as integral elements of sustainable development at the national and regional levels so as to help to prevent and mitigate displacement in the context of disasters and the effects of climate change, including in urban settings where displaced persons have particular needs, requirements and vulnerabilities, and to enhance cooperation and coordination, where appropriate, to comprehensively respond to such displacement, including by preventing, preparing for and addressing it; 13. Encourages Member States, the United Nations, relevant humanitarian and development organizations and other relevant stakeholders, as appropriate, to enhance understanding, analysis, monitoring and assessment of the dynamics and effects of displacement in the context of slow-onset disasters, gradual environmental degradation and climate change, and to strengthen the impartial and timely collection of data disaggregated by sex, age and disability and policy and operational responses in this regard; 8 E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex. 9 A/HRC/13/21/Add A/HRC/4/18, annex I. 6/14
7 International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in A/RES/71/ Encourages Member States to strengthen operational and legal frameworks for international disaster relief and to adopt and implement national laws and regulations, as appropriate, to reduce the impact of the underlying drivers of disaster risk and vulnerability, and to adopt comprehensive rules and procedures for the facilitation and regulation of international disaster assistance, drawing, as appropriate, on the Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance, and calls upon the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, relevant United Nations organizations and other partners for technical support in achieving these aims; 15. Welcomes the effective cooperation among the affected States, relevant bodies of the United Nations system, donor countries, regional and international financial institutions and other relevant stakeholders, such as the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, municipalities, civil society and the private sector, in the coordination and delivery of emergency relief, and stresses the need to continue such cooperation and delivery throughout relief operations and medium - and long-term rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts, in a manner that reduces vulnerability to future natural hazards; 16. Reiterates the commitment to support, as a matter of priority, the efforts of countries, in particular developing countries, to strengthen their capacities at all levels in order to reduce risks, prepare for and respond rapidly to natural disasters and mitigate their impact; 17. Also reiterates the need to build the capacities of governments to manage and respond to disaster and climate risks, including by providing support for and strengthening national and, as appropriate, local preparedness and response capacities, and to build resilience, taking into account the differing needs of women, girls, boys and men of all ages; 18. Urges Member States to develop, update and strengthen early warning systems, disaster preparedness and risk reduction measures at all levels, in accordance with the Sendai Framework, taking into account their own circumstances and capacities and in coordination with relevant actors, as appropriate, and encourages the international community and relevant United Nations entities to continue to support national efforts in this regard; 19. Also urges Member States to improve their response to early warning information in order to ensure that early warning leads to early action, and encourages all stakeholders to support the efforts of Member States in this regard; 20. Encourages Member States to develop or enhance forecast-based preparedness systems and the coordination of existing networks, ensure that comprehensive procedures are in place and make resources available for actions in anticipation of natural disasters; 21. Also encourages Member States to consider elaborating and presenting to the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction secretariat their national platforms for disaster risk reduction in accordance with the Sendai Framework, and encourages States to cooperate with each other to reach this objective; 22. Recognizes the importance of applying a multi-hazard approach to preparedness, and encourages Member States, taking into account their specific circumstances, and the United Nations system to continue to apply the approach to their preparedness activities, including by giving due regard to, inter alia, secondary environmental hazards stemming from industrial and technological accidents; 7/14
8 A/RES/71/128 International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in 23. Stresses that, to increase further the effectiveness of humanitarian assistance, particular international cooperation efforts should be undertaken to enhance and broaden further the utilization of national and local capacities and, where appropriate, of regional and subregional capacities for disaster preparedness and response, which may be made available in closer proximity to the site of a disaster, and more efficiently and at lower cost; 24. Encourages Member States and regional organizations to work together to strengthen regional cooperation to improve national and regional capacity to understand and reduce risks and prepare for and respond to disasters in support of national efforts, including by exchanging experiences and best practices; 25. Encourages Member States to move from reactive to more proactive riskbased, all-hazards and all-of-society approaches, such as the promotion of ex ante investments to prevent disaster risks and build resilience, the promotion of environmental and spatial measures and the integration of lessons from past disasters, as well as awareness of new risks, into future planning; 26. Encourages innovative practices that draw on the knowledge of people affected by natural disasters to develop locally sustainable solutions and to produce lifesaving items locally, with minimal logistical and infrastructure implications; 27. Stresses, in this context, the importance of strengthening international cooperation, particularly through the effective use of multilateral mechanisms, in the timely provision of humanitarian assistance through all phases of a disaster, from relief and recovery to development, including the provision of adequate resources; 28. Encourages all relevant stakeholders, including Member States, to take appropriate measures to reduce and discourage the sending of unsolicited, unneeded or inappropriate relief goods in response to disasters; 29. Encourages all Member States to facilitate, to the extent possible, the transit of emergency humanitarian assistance and development assistance and the entry of humanitarian personnel and supplies, provided in the context of international efforts, including in the phase from relief to development, in full accordance with the provisions of resolution 46/182 and the annex thereto, and in full respect of the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence, and their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law; 30. Encourages Member States to put in place, as appropriate, customs measures to improve effectiveness in responding to natural disasters; 31. Reaffirms the leading role of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat as the focal point within the overall United Nations system for the advocacy for and coordination of humanitarian assistance among United Nations humanitarian organizations and other humanitarian partners; 32. Welcomes the important contribution of the United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination system to the effectiveness of humanitarian assistance in supporting Member States, upon their request, and the United Nations system in preparedness and humanitarian response, and encourages the continued incorporation into this mechanism of experts from developing countries that are prone to natural disasters; 33. Also welcomes the important contribution of the International Search and Rescue Advisory Group to the effectiveness of international urban search and rescue 8/14
9 International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in A/RES/71/128 assistance, and encourages Member States to continue to support the Advisory Group, in line with General Assembly resolution 57/150 of 16 December 2002; 34. Urges Member States, the United Nations system and other humanitarian actors to consider the specific and differentiated consequences of natural disasters in both rural and urban areas when designing and implementing disaster risk reduction, prevention and mitigation, preparedness, humanitarian assistance and early recovery strategies, giving special emphasis to addressing the needs of those living in rural and urban poor areas prone to natural disasters; 35. Welcomes the continued efforts of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs to build partnerships with regional organizations, traditional and non-traditional donors and the private sector, and encourages Member States and the United Nations system to continue to strengthen partnerships at the global, regional, national and local levels in support of national efforts in situations of natural disasters, in order to cooperate effectively in providing humanitarian assistance to those in need and ensure that their collaborative efforts adhere to the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence; 36. Recognizes that information and telecommunications technology can play an important role in disaster response, encourages Member States to develop emergency response telecommunications capacities, encourages the international community to assist the efforts of developing countries in this area, where needed, including in the recovery phase, and in this regard encourages Member States that have not acceded to or ratified the Tampere Convention on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations 11 to consider doing so; 37. Encourages the further use of space-based and ground-based remotesensing technologies, including as provided by the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER), as well as the sharing of geographical data, for the forecasting, prevention, mitigation and management of natural disasters, where appropriate, and invites Member States to continue to provide their support to the consolidation of the United Nations capability in the area of satellite-derived geographical information for early warning, preparedness, response and early recovery; 38. Encourages Member States to provide all support necessary, on a voluntary basis, to UN-SPIDER, including financial support, to enable it to carry out its workplan for , and reiterates the importance of enhancing international coordination and cooperation at the global level in disaster management and emergency response through greater access to and use of spacebased services for all countries and by facilitating capacity-building and institutional strengthening for disaster management, in particular in developing countries; 39. Recognizes the opportunities for new technologies, when utilized in a coordinated fashion and based on humanitarian principles, potentially to improve the effectiveness and accountability of humanitarian response, and encourages Member States, the United Nations and its humanitarian partners to consider engaging, inter alia, with the volunteer and technical communities, as appropria te, in order to make use of the variety of data and information available during emergencies and disaster risk efforts; 11 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2296, No /14
10 A/RES/71/128 International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in 40. Encourages Member States, relevant United Nations organizations and international financial institutions to enhance the global capacity for sustainable post-disaster recovery in areas such as coordination with traditional and non-traditional partners, identification and dissemination of lessons learned, development of common tools and mechanisms for recovery needs assessment, strategy development and programming, and incorporation of risk reduction into all recovery processes, and welcomes the ongoing efforts to this end; 41. Encourages Member States and the United Nations system to support national initiatives that address the differentiated impacts of natural disasters on the affected population, including through the collection and analysis of data disaggregated, inter alia, by sex, age and disability, using, inter alia, the existing information provided by States, and through the development of tools, methods and procedures that will result in more timely and useful initial needs assessments that lead to targeted and more effective assistance, and taking into account the environmental impact; 42. Calls upon United Nations humanitarian organizations, in consultation with Member States, as appropriate, to strengthen the evidence base for effective humanitarian assistance by further developing common mechanisms to improve the quality, transparency and reliability of, and make further progress towards, common humanitarian needs assessments, to assess their performance in assistance and to ensure the most effective use of humanitarian resources by these organizations; 43. Encourages Member States to take steps to develop or to improve data collection and analysis and to facilitate the exchange of relevant non-sensitive information with humanitarian and development organizations of the United Nations, including through shared platforms and a common approach, in order to inform policy and measures designed to address disaster risks and their consequences, to support preparedness efforts, including forecast-based action, and to improve the effectiveness of a needs-based humanitarian response, and encourages the United Nations system, as appropriate, and other relevant actors to continue to assist developing countries in their efforts to build local and national capacities for data collection and analysis; 44. Encourages Member States, regional organizations, the United Nations and humanitarian and development organizations to continue to improve the identification, mapping and analysis of risks and vulnerabilities, including the local impact of future disaster risk drivers, and the development and implementation of appropriate strategies and programmes to address them, and in this regard encourages all the relevant stakeholders to support Governments in capacity development, including at the regional and local levels, through the sharing of expertise and tools and the provision of necessary resources, as appropriate, to ensure that effective disaster management plans and capacities are in place in accordance with national priorities for disaster risk management; 45. Stresses the importance of the full and equal participation of women in decision-making and of gender mainstreaming in developing and implementing disaster risk reduction, preparedness, response and recovery strategies, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to continue to ensure that gender mainstreaming is better taken into account in all aspects of humanitarian responses and activities, including the analysis of allocations and programme implementation, and through greater use of the gender marker; 46. Encourages Member States, in cooperation with relevant United Nations humanitarian organizations, to promote women s leadership, empowerment and full 10/14
11 International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in A/RES/71/128 and effective participation in the planning and implementation of natural disaster response strategies, including through strengthening partnerships with, and building the capacities of, national and local institutions, including national and local women s organizations and civil society actors, as appropriate; 47. Encourages Governments, local authorities, the United Nations system and regional organizations, and invites donors and other assisting countries, to address the vulnerabilities and capacities of women and girls through gender - responsive programming, including with regard to sexual and reproductive health needs and means to address sexual and gender-based violence and various forms of exploitation during emergencies and in post-disaster environments, and the allocation of resources in their disaster risk reduction, response and recovery efforts in coordination with the Governments of affected countries; 48. Emphasizes the importance of mainstreaming the perspective of persons with disabilities in disaster risk reduction, recognizes the importance of non-discrimination and their inclusive participation in and contribution to disaster risk reduction, preparedness, emergency response, recovery and transition from relief to development, as well as the implementation of policies and programmes that are inclusive of and accessible to persons with disabilities, recognizing that persons with disabilities are disproportionately affected in humanitarian emergencies and face multiple obstacles in accessing humanitarian assistance, and recalls the Charter on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action; 49. Encourages efforts to provide safe and enabling learning environments and access to quality education for all, especially for girls and boys, in humanitarian emergencies caused by natural disasters, including in order to contribute to a smooth transition from relief to development; 50. Encourages Member States and relevant regional and international organizations to identify and improve the dissemination of best practices for improving disaster preparedness, response and early recovery and to scale up successful local initiatives, as appropriate; 51. Requests the United Nations humanitarian and development organizations to improve their coordination of disaster recovery efforts, from relief to development, inter alia, by strengthening institutional, coordination and strategic planning efforts in disaster preparedness, resilience-building and recovery, in support of national authorities, and by ensuring that development actors participate in strategic planning at an early stage; 52. Encourages the United Nations and humanitarian and development organizations to support national, subnational and local governments and communities in their responsibility to develop long-term strategies, forecast-based preparedness systems and multi-year operational plans for preparedness that are embedded within disaster risk reduction and resilience strategies in line with the Sendai Framework; 53. Calls upon the United Nations system and other humanitarian actors to improve the dissemination of tools and services to support enhanced disaster risk reduction, in particular preparedness, and early recovery; 54. Calls upon relevant United Nations humanitarian and development organizations, in consultation with Member States, to strengthen tools and mechanisms to ensure that early recovery needs and support are integrated into the planning and implementation of disaster preparedness, humanitarian response and development cooperation activities, as appropriate; 11/14
12 A/RES/71/128 International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in 55. Encourages the United Nations system and humanitarian organizations to continue their efforts to mainstream early recovery into humanitarian programming, acknowledges that early recovery is an important step towards resilience-building and should receive further funding, and encourages the provision of timely, flexible and predictable funding for early recovery, including through established and complementary humanitarian and development instruments; 56. Urges Member States, the United Nations and humanitarian and development organizations to prioritize risk management and shift towards an anticipatory approach to humanitarian crises in order to prevent and reduce human suffering and economic losses; 57. Notes the appointments of the Special Envoys on El Niño and Climate by the Secretary-General and their role in calling attention to the severe short- and long-term impacts of the 2015/16 El Niño/La Niña phenomenon, and looks forward to further work in this regard; 58. Encourages interested Member States, with the support of the United Nations development system, to develop integrated, coherent and comprehensive government-led strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of the El Niño/La Niña phenomenon, support efforts to build resilience to this phenomenon and collaborate in support of affected countries; 59. Encourages Member States and the United Nations to enhance the use of common risk analysis, including the use of the Index for Risk Management, to establish the evidence base for short-, medium- and long-term planning and joint strategies for disaster and climate risk management, capacity development and resilience-building, allowing for greater prioritization of resources where the risk is greatest; 60. Encourages the United Nations and humanitarian and development organizations to work towards a common understanding of underlying risks, clarify roles and responsibilities according to their respective mandates and establish joint objectives and programmes informed by affected people, data and analysis to strengthen coordination, collaboration and coherence among short-, medium- and long-term activities to progressively reduce needs and vulnerability, build resilience and manage the risk related to climate change and of disasters and development setbacks over multi-year planning cycles, including through integrating risk management into national sustainable development plans and ensuring the connectivity of humanitarian plans with the longer-term sustainable development priorities of Member States, with a view to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals; Stresses the need to strengthen resilience at all levels, and in this regard encourages Member States, the United Nations system and other relevant actors to support efforts, as appropriate, to integrate resilience into humanitarian and development programming, and encourages humanitarian and development actors to pursue, where appropriate, common resilience and risk management objectives, achievable through joint analysis, planning, programming and funding; 62. Calls upon Member States, the United Nations and humanitarian organizations to provide emergency assistance in ways that are supportive of recovery and long-term development, as appropriate, including by prioritizing humanitarian tools that strengthen resilience and support livelihoods, such as, but not limited to, cash transfers, vouchers, local procurement of food and services and social safety nets; 12/14
13 International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in A/RES/71/ Encourages the United Nations system and other relevant humanitarian and development actors to support humanitarian coordinators and resident coordinators in order to strengthen their capacity, inter alia, to support the host Government in implementing preparedness measures and to coordinate preparedness activities of country teams in support of national efforts, and encourages the United Nations system and other relevant humanitarian actors to further strengthen the ability to quickly and flexibly deploy humanitarian professionals to support Governments and country teams in the immediate aftermath of a disaster; 64. Encourages Member States, the United Nations and humanitarian and development organizations to identify ways to improve the current financing architecture in order to better provide coherent, predictable and flexible longer -term funding for risk management in multi-year strategies and forecasting, in particular preparedness, on the basis of a global assessment of risk, allowing for better prioritization of resources where the risk is greatest; 65. Emphasizes the need to mobilize adequate, flexible and sustainable resources for recovery, preparedness and disaster risk reduction activities in order to ensure predictable and timely access to resources for humanitarian assistance in emergencies resulting from disasters associated with natural hazards; 66. Welcomes the important achievements of the Central Emergency Response Fund in ensuring a more timely and predictable response to humanitarian emergencies, stresses the importance of continuing to improve the functioning of the Fund, and in this regard encourages the United Nations funds and programmes and the specialized agencies to review and evaluate, where necessary, their partnership policies and practices in order to ensure the timely disbursement of funds from the Fund to implementing partners in order to ensure that resources are used in the most efficient, effective, accountable and transparent manner possible; 67. Calls upon all Member States, and invites the private sector and all concerned individuals and institutions, to consider increasing their voluntary contributions to the Central Emergency Response Fund, and to continue to reinforce and strengthen the Fund as the global emergency response fund, and emphasizes that contributions should be additional to current commitments to humanitarian programming and should not be to the detriment of resources made available for international cooperation for development; 68. Invites Member States, the private sector and all other relevant stakeholders to harness their differentiated skills, capacities and resources, and also to consider voluntary contributions to humanitarian funding mechanisms; 69. Strongly encourages giving appropriate consideration to disaster risk reduction and the building of resilience to disasters as integral elements of sustainable development and in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development 12 and promoting a complementary and coherent approach between these agendas and the Sendai Framework; 70. Strongly encourages all relevant actors to work to ensure a comprehensive, coherent, systematic and people-centred approach to managing risks, including through, as appropriate, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable 12 Resolution 69/313, annex. 13/14
14 A/RES/71/128 International cooperation on humanitarian assistance in Development, the Sendai Framework, the Paris Agreement 3 and the New Urban Agenda; Notes the first World Humanitarian Summit, held in Istanbul, Turkey, on 23 and 24 May 2016, and takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the outcome of the World Humanitarian Summit; Requests the Secretary-General to continue to improve the international response to natural disasters and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its seventy-second session and to include in his report recommendations on how to ensure that humanitarian assistance is provided in ways supportive of the transition from relief to development. 57th plenary meeting 8 December A/71/ /14
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PLS 212: US Government II (3 Credits)
This course teaches an in depth understanding of the American political system. It includes topics of the presidency, Congress, Supreme Court, bureaucracy, domestic and foreign policy. Lecture 3 hours per week.
The general course objective is to introduce the student to the American political system. It is intended for liberal arts transfer students who need three semester hours of political science.
The student should have the ability to use the English language correctly and effectively as demonstrated on appropriate English proficiency examination.
define the concept of the presidency, how its sets the agenda and shapes behavior
describe the Congress, how it makes law and represents constituencies of interest within the political system
understand the how the Supreme Court interprets law, and the impact of its interpretation on our changing society
understand the operation of the federal bureaucracy and how it applies law in our political system
understand the inputs to economic policy and its impact on our economy
understand the analytic tools to apply to health, education and welfare policy
understand the historical context of U. S. military and foreign policy and its impact on America's role in a changing world
"Now Showing" is a feature of this course that encourages you to view any or all of the film choices presented with weekly course content. You are required to select two of the films presented in the course, and answer the two Reflect questions associated with each film. Most of the films are well known and widely available through video rental and subscription services. It is your responsibility to locate the films you wish to view. The film titles are listed below:
All the President's Men
Advise and Consent
The Fog of War
A Civil Action
Restrepo
Charlie Wilson's War
Seven Days in May
Special essay 1 @ 50 points
Discussion Forums – 14 forums @ 5 points each 70 70%
Special Response Assignments - 3 @ 50 points each 150 16%
Response Assignments - 9 @ 30 points each 270 27%
Now Showing - 2 films with Reflect questions @ 30 points each 60 6%
Proctored Exams (Midterm & Final) 400 40%
Total 1000 100%
Your final grade will be based on the following scale. Please note that you must also pass at least one of the two exams in order to pass the course, regardless of your scores on the other assignments.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Opportunity for peace too good to miss: Herat clerics
By APW Team 11 October 2020 21
HERAT: Religious clerics from western Herat province in a gathering on Sunday asked people to support peace as it protected intellectual, material and religious values.
The Ulema said that ongoing peace efforts should pave the way for permanent stability and an end to conflicts in the country.
"This war must be ended because it is a sinful conflict that takes lives from both sides and innocent people; it is a misery for all Afghans."
Mulavi Sulaiman, an Islamic scholar, told the gathering that the first step should be a ceasefire between the Taliban and Afghan forces. "It is our divine responsibility to remove hatred among Muslims and get united for paving way for peaceful life," he said.
"Talks in Doha and conflict inside the country cannot solve the problem, but it adds to more troubles and only Afghans are the victims of this war," he added.
Mulavi Abdullah, a lecturer of Islamic law in Herat, believed that all conflicts end sooner or later with peace because blood cannot be cleaned by blood.
A tribal elder, Haji Faiz Mohammad Kakar, said that Afghans had suffered many types of violence over the past four decades – many Afghans lost their lives, had their houses destroyed, youths devastated, as well as people forced to mass migrations besides other problems.
He added that the opportunity made available about peace should be taken advantage of and the ongoing war should be put to an end at once.
"This war should be ended by talks because the situation will worsen if we do not take any action," he said.
This comes as the peace process has widely been supported by people and activists from across the country. The Afghan public persistently calls upon the warring parties to work honestly for peace and end the war.


Philosophy: Our mission is to provide quality programs in a safe and loving environment. we recognize that each child is a unique person , continously learning , both in and out of school, is fundamental to our philosophy.we believe that school primarily is responsible for the child's academic learning. however, parental and community involvment are vital to the educational process for children to reach their full developmental potential.


"Whether fool or hypocrite, idiot or traitor, he has proved himself equally unworthy of the important functions that had been delegated to him."
Just getting my brain going. I saw Ant-Man and the Wasp the other day, and I enjoyed it.
I've marveled (heh heh heh) at the rate with which Marvel puts out enjoyable movies. Twenty flicks in to this cinematic universe, and I can say I truly enjoy 19...maybe 18... of them.
I hadn't seen Lost World: Jurassic Park since its release in theaters way back in 1997.
I disliked the book. Thought it was a weak money grab.
Last year, I listened to Jurassic Park again. Helluva fun book. Turned into a great movie.
Tonight, we thought we'd give it another try.
Like I said, I hadn't seen it in 21 years.
Now, understand this: I forgive a lot in movies. I generally just roll with it.
From the trailer sequence to the maddening trek across the island. It gets only worse when they get to San Diego, though the bit with the doghouse hanging out of the Tyrannosaur's mouth hanging by the dog's chain is a bit a genius and even in my aggravation, I had to give a nod of respect to. That was pretty funny.
I was supposed to be off today. My boss is on vacation, and we've got an auditor in the area, so I went in. Just for a couple hours. Still, aggravating to have to get up at 5:20 on what was supposed to be a day off, even to work for just a couple hours. I mean, I have to put on pants, you know?
Got off around ten. Came home. Decided to go see Ant-Man and the Wasp at the local theater.
I dug it, though it felt a little busy and didn't really seem to crack any new ground for anybody. It was competent, but after the home runs that where Thor: Ragnarok and Black Panther, and the gigantor roller coaster that was Infinity War, it felt a little humdrum. Still, it manages to push most of the right buttons.
My friend Steve has started a New Blog. His third.
The impetus for the new blog was not a good one. Steve has been diagnosed with ALS.
I was floored by today's news.
I invite to you read his new site, here. I think, if ever I've recommended anything, this is more worth your while than any of that.
Steve is my friend. He's my kind of weird.


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Dual Enrollment Welding Student's Career Takes Off at GNTC
Garrett Rollins (seated, second from left) is surrounded by those who attended his National SkillsUSA Signing Day ceremony, May 5, at GNTC's Walker County campus. Also pictured (from left, seated) are her father, Donny Rollins; Mark Collins, Metro Boiler Tube; and Teresa Phillips, Metro Boiler Tube; (left to right, standing) Julie Portwood, Secondary Education Coordinator and Walker LAUNCH, Walker County Schools; Deidrienne Gross, Walker LAUNCH instructor; Tayler Davidson, Welding and Joining Technology Instructor, GNTC; Jeremiah Cooper, Program Director and Welding and Joining Technology Instructor, GNTC; Sarah Jenkins, SkillsUSA Advisor; Lugenia Suttles, vice principal, LaFayette High School; Damon Raines, Superintendent, Walker County Schools; Maggie Stultz, principal of LaFayette High School; and Justin Carruth, coordinator of secondary and career curriculum, technical and agricultural education, Walker County Schools.
A Walker County Schools student enrolled in the system's Walker LAUNCH Dual Enrollment partnership with Georgia Northwestern Technical College recently strengthened his commitment to the welding profession.
When LaFayette High School student Garrett Rollins graduates on May 27, he will already have multiple welding certificates and a full-time job waiting for him at a Metro Boiler Tube, where he currently works part-time. Walker County Schools and GNTC officials held a May 5 ceremony where Rollins signed a Metro job offer; the signing was held in conjunction with SkillsUSA National Signing Day, which celebrates high school and college/post-secondary students who have chosen to pursue a career as a professional in one of the skilled trades.
"At 14, my uncle, who was already a welder, said, 'You'll be a welder,'" Mr Rollins said, explaining that his uncle spotted his abilities early on. "Welding is something you can or cannot do. It is mainly based on skill and patience to learn. I immediately understood that this would be my career.
Mr. Rollins was also the first Walker County Schools student to enter the Regional High School Welding Competition for SkillsUSA. He said he found the December 2021 contest "unnerving".
He took his time, stayed calm and focused on what he needed to do. "It's about quality, not speed," he explained.
"Once my welding hood comes off, all I can think about is the next weld," he said.
He admits he still sometimes experiences frustration because it takes longer to prepare his work than more experienced welders do to prepare their welds, he said. His colleagues encourage him by reminding him that he will go faster with more experience.
Professional knowledge and personal growth are the goals of the Walker LAUNCH program, said Julie Portwood, secondary education coordinator and Walker LAUNCH for Walker County Schools.
"Garrett learned time management, stood up for himself and stood out as a leader among his peers," Ms Portwood said. "His communication skills have improved. He now knows the right way to say what needs to be said.
The high school student has several professional goals. After graduating from high school, he will take six welding courses this fall and hopes to graduate from GNTC welding in fall 2022 or spring 2023, he said.
Mr. Rollins takes all of his classes at GNTC's Walker County campus in Rock Spring. He said the environment differs from a traditional high school because "college treats you like an adult, not a high school student."
While college instructors expect more from their students, his welding instructors think he's passed the Walker LAUNCH program.
"If Garrett doesn't know how to do something, he'll learn how to do it," said Tayler Davidson, welding and joining technology instructor at GNTC. "He is trustworthy, dedicated and very respectful. He listens well, follows directions, and is everything an instructor looks for in a student.
Jeremiah Cooper, Program Director and Welding and Joining Technology Instructor at GNTC, said as the first graduate of the Walker LAUNCH program, Mr. Rollins demonstrates to other students that they too can simultaneously take courses. college and high school so that they can enter the job market with a high salary.
"As a business decision, dual listing is a no-brainer," Cooper said.
SkillsUSA National Signing Day celebrates high school and college/post-secondary students who have chosen to pursue a career as a professional in one of the skilled trades," according to skillsusa.org. "Local SkillsUSA chapters are encouraged to host a signing day by inviting business partners, school administrators, teachers, elected officials, SkillsUSA alumni, family, and friends to honor students signing" letters of intent "for an offer of employment, apprenticeship, or advanced technical training."
Dual-enrollment classes are free for Walker County juniors and seniors. Tuition is paid through program funding, books are provided, and most related costs are covered.
Since the Walker LAUNCH program launched in 2018, students have earned a total of 64 certificates and the industry certifications and soft skills needed to enter jobs directly, Portwood said. Career paths include Automotive Technology, Air Conditioning Technology, Welding and Assembly Technology, Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Network Specialist, Allied Healthcare, Medical Assistance and cosmetology.
For more information on Walker LAUNCH, visit https://sites.google.com/walkerschools.org/readyforwork/launch?authuser=0.
Are you not interested in the municipal election? You're not alone, but here's why you should vote
Marty Walsh: In fact, the American workforce is stronger than ever
Paid family leave bill hailed and criticized
The 21 Highest Paying Jobs in Portland, Oregon!
SLCKR, the alumni-owned barber clothing startup, is growing with help from Invent Penn State
SMIRNOFF IS ONE GAME AWAY FROM FILL THE BEST JOB IN AMERICA


First company producing the #ecologic and non-sewered public design flushing toilets.
The technology used by WeCo allows the transformation of the urine into water. The toilet flush is integrated in a closed water circuit and do not need connection to the local wastewater infrastructure. WeCo's toilets even produce a surplus of clean water, which could, for example, be used for watering the surrounding area.
This toilet system is integrated in a maritime container. We offer to process the waster and reuse it for the flush.


ZurumNewsdigest.: Are you ready for digital society and digital business?
Are you ready for digital society and digital business?
Professor Sandra Sieber explains how, as a consequence, there is a growing mismatch between the capabilities and desires of technology-empowered individuals and the practices and habits of organizations and institutions in general. Today's leaders need to understand how to manage this growing tension in light of the revolutions underway in mobile, social and analytics and in order to take advantage of the sea of opportunities that come with the advance of the digital society.


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FX Orders Season Two of "Legion"
"The first season of 'Legion' was a stunning achievement," said Eric Schrier. "More than a new series, 'Legion' is a wholly original take on the super hero genre."
[via press release from FX]
Acclaimed New Drama from Emmy(R) and Golden Globe(R) Winning Creator and Executive Producer Noah Hawley Will Return In 2018
LOS ANGELES, March 15, 2017 - FX has ordered a second season of Legion, the critically acclaimed new drama series from Noah Hawley, it was announced jointly today by Eric Schrier and Nick Grad, Presidents of Original Programming, FX Networks and FX Productions. Legion is one of the most-watched new cable dramas of the past year.
"The first season of Legion was a stunning achievement," said Schrier. "More than a new series, Legion is a wholly original take on the super hero genre. Our thanks to Noah Hawley for taking the creative risks and shattering expectations. It's a privilege to work again with Noah, his producing partners, the outstanding cast and our partners at Marvel Television on another season of Legion."
"We are thrilled there will be a new season of Legion. Noah's spectacular take on David Haller and all the other characters he brought to life makes us ache for more. We're particularly proud of our partners at FX and the success we share on our first TV series together," added Jeph Loeb, Executive Producer and Head of Marvel Television.
Legion returns tonight (Wednesday, March 15, 10 PM ET/PT) on FX with "Episode 6" - David goes back to where it all started. Written by Nathaniel Halpern; directed by Hiro Murai.
Legion, based on the Marvel Comics by Chris Claremont and Bill Sienkiewicz, is the story of David Haller (Dan Stevens), a troubled young man who may be more than human. Diagnosed as schizophrenic as a child, David has been in and out of psychiatric hospitals for years. Now in his early 30s and institutionalized once again, David loses himself in the rhythm of the structured regimen of life in the hospital: breakfast, lunch, dinner, therapy, medications, sleep. David spends the rest of his time in companionable silence alongside his chatterbox friend Lenny (Aubrey Plaza), a fellow patient whose life-long drug and alcohol addiction has done nothing to quell her boundless optimism that her luck is about to change. The pleasant numbness of David's routine is completely upended with the arrival of a beautiful and troubled new patient named Syd (Rachel Keller). Inexplicably drawn to one another, David and Syd share a startling encounter, after which David must confront the shocking possibility that the voices he hears and the visions he sees may actually be real.
A haunted man, David escapes from the hospital and seeks shelter with his sister Amy (Katie Aselton). But Amy's concern for her brother is trumped by her desire to protect the picture perfect suburban life she's built for herself. Eventually, Syd guides David to Melanie Bird (Jean Smart), a nurturing but demanding therapist with a sharp mind and unconventional methods. She and her team of specialists - Ptonomy (Jeremie Harris), Kerry (Amber Midthunder) and Cary (Bill Irwin) - open David's eyes to an extraordinary new world of possibilities.
Hawley serves as Executive Producer, along with Lauren Shuler Donner, Bryan Singer, Simon Kinberg, Jeph Loeb, Jim Chory and John Cameron. Legion is the latest project from Hawley and Cameron, two of the executive producers of the Emmy(R) and Golden Globe(R)-winning FX limited series Fargo.
Legion's first season has a Rotten Tomatoes Certified Fresh score of 93% and a Metacritic score of 82 for universal acclaim.
Legion is produced by FX Productions and Marvel Television, with FXP handling the physical production. The second season will also return to the FOX Networks Group international channels in over 125 countries.
ABOUT FX
FX is the flagship general entertainment basic cable channel of FX Networks, a business unit of 21ST Century Fox. FX Networks is comprised of FX, FXM and FXX. Launched in June of 1994, FX is carried in 90 million homes. The diverse schedule features a growing roster of critically-acclaimed and award-winning hit dramas series, including The Americans, The Strain, Taboo, Legion and the upcoming Snowfall; the critically-acclaimed limited series American Horror Story, Fargo, American Crime Story, FEUD: Bette and Joan and the upcoming Trust; and acclaimed hit comedy series including the award-winning Louie, Baskets, Better Things and Atlanta. In 2016, FX received a basic cable record 56 Emmy(R) Award nominations and a basic cable record 18 wins, including 9 for The People v. O.J. Simpson: American Crime Story. FX is the former home of the critically-acclaimed and award-winning hit drama series The Shield, Nip/Tuck, Rescue Me, Damages, Sons of Anarchy and Justified. The network's library of acquired box-office hit movies is unmatched by any ad-supported television network.
About Marvel Entertainment and Marvel Television
Marvel Entertainment, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company (NYSE: DIS), is one of the world's most prominent character-based entertainment companies, built on a proven library of more than 8,000 characters featured in a variety of media over seventy-five years. Marvel utilizes its character franchises in entertainment, licensing and publishing.
Marvel Television develops and produces some of the world's most creative and popular live-action and animated programming for broadcast and cable television networks plus digital platforms including a historic deal with Netflix. Its portfolio of self-produced series includes "Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." and the upcoming "Marvel's Inhumans" for ABC, "Marvel's Daredevil," "Marvel's Luke Cage," and the Emmy and Peabody Award-winning "Marvel's Jessica Jones" for Netflix and "Marvel's Avengers" and "Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy" for Disney XD. Marvel is a co-producer on "Legion" (FX). Marvel Television's upcoming projects include "Marvel's Iron Fist and the culminating Marvel's The Defenders" for NETFLIX as well as "Marvel's The Punisher" (Netflix), "Marvel's Cloak & Dagger" (Freeform), and "Marvel's Runaways" (Hulu). For more information, visit marvel.com. � 2017 MARVEL
[march 2017]
· LEGION (FX)


text:
* [#59](https://github.com/pretenderjs/FakeXMLHttpRequest/pull/59) Add default values for on* properties
* [#58](https://github.com/pretenderjs/FakeXMLHttpRequest/pull/58) (chore) Update npm dependencies and remove deprecated packages

## 2.1.1

* [#53](https://github.com/pretenderjs/FakeXMLHttpRequest/pull/53) Alias responseText to response
* [#48](https://github.com/pretenderjs/FakeXMLHttpRequest/pull/48) Add requestBody and requestHeaders to types declaration
* [#46](https://github.com/pretenderjs/FakeXMLHttpRequest/pull/46) Add `module` attribute

## 2.0.1
* [#42](https://github.com/pretenderjs/FakeXMLHttpRequest/pull/42) Adds better supported for aborted fetches
* [#43](https://github.com/pretenderjs/FakeXMLHttpRequest/pull/43) Adds `url` to responses for better Fetch

## 1.4.0

* [#23](https://github.com/pretenderjs/FakeXMLHttpRequest/pull/23) Adds an `overrideMimeType` method.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This park is located between Hamanaka and Nemuro City along the prefectural road known as the North Pacific Seaside Line.
It offers fine views of the undulating shoreline and coastal area in the Urayakotan area.
The North Pacific Seaside Line, which extends along the coast from the Konbumori area in Kushiro Town to Nemuro City, is popular for scenic driving.


1.Error while calling TaskScheduler endpoint 'https://..../TaskScheduler/Execute/7?CurrentCustomerId=1&CurrentStoreId=1&Explicit=true'.
2.The task scheduler cannot poll and execute tasks. Base URL: https://.../TaskScheduler, Status: The underlying connection was closed: An unexpected error occurred on a send..
3.Error while calling TaskScheduler endpoint 'https://.../TaskScheduler/Sweep'.
Before this errors everything worked fine for more than a year with SSL.
I will be gratefull for any ideas, that can help me.


Established business with a residential component in an ideal location in the heart of Northeast Harbor! The Docksider is a NEH landmark with a long-standing following of customers. The property includes a 4 bedroom apartment that is ideal for owner/employee use or as rental income. Situated midway on the street that connects Main St. to the Town Marina, the property is highly visible and accessible to visitors and residents. Add'l parking is available in the public lot across the street. A great opportunity!


Give you your time back to FOCUS on what you do BEST - creating beautiful living spaces.
ecdWORKS provides you with the logistics and operations resources you need to successfully manage your business.
Warehouse services? Yes - we've got plenty of clean, safe and secure space. Assembly, delivery and installation? You bet! Our team of professionals knows exactly how to do it all.
If you are an interior design professional who wants to join our collaborative group of experts, click HERE.
From design vision to swatches and from procurement to delivery, ecdWORKS styles you right.


text:
Q: Are jQuery events automatically unbound upon destruction of what they where bound to? If I have the following code in two functions of an object:
add: function()
{
    // create trip.
    var trip = new Trip();

    // add the trip using its id.
    this.trips[trip.id] = trip;
},

remove: function(tripId)
{
    // remove trip.
    delete this.trips[tripId];
}

NOTE: The constructor for the Trip object binds a bunch of custom jQuery event handlers to itself.
Will the event handlers bound to the Trip object be automatically destroyed/cleaned up when the Trip object is deleted?
Would the same occur for a DOM node if it was removed and had event handlers bound to it?
Also I read that objects are not cleaned up by the garbage collector until all references to them no longer exist, so do the event handlers bound to the object by itself count as references and prevent the object from being cleaned up, even when I am no longer referencing it?

A: The event will not be deleted as jQuery maintains a central repository of all bound event handlers, and does know if or when you deleted an associated object using delete. Try this little test to confirm. (jQuery 1.4.2 only)
jsfiddle link:
// 1. a regular JS object
var root = {};
// Since we can't delete anything created with var (except on Chrome),
// we use an object property here. An array value works just as well,
// which is already the case in your example.
root.o = {};

// 2. at this point, jQuery creates an internal property
// jQuery<UNIQ_ID>, for example jQuery1277242840125 inside object o
$(root.o).bind("myEvent", function() { alert("here"); });

// 3. get the *internal* index jQuery assigned this object:
// there's only 1 property, so we just enumerate and fetch it.
var internalIndex;
for(var prop in root.o) {
    internalIndex = root.o[prop];
}

// 4. delete the object
delete root.o;

// 5. query jQuery internal cache with the internal index from step 3
console.log(jQuery.cache[internalIndex].events);

Step 5 should log an array of all event types that were associated with the ex-o object, including "myEvent", and it's associated handler, so no the bound events handlers will not delete automatically. Here's what I see get logged (stripped out irrelevant properties):
▾ Object
  ▾ myEvent: Array (1)
    ▾ 0: Object
      ▸ handler: function () { alert("here"); }
        namespace: ""
        type: "myEvent"
      length: 1

The object deletion, however, is not affected, and that will be deleted as expected. However, it is a hole in the wall kind of a situation since there is associated data somewhere in jQuery's cache that will remain there.
It seems that although you can bind events to plain JavaScript objects, you cannot unbind them. It appears jQuery assumes the object is a DOM node when unbinding, and throws the following error:
Uncaught TypeError: Object #<an Object> has no method 'removeEventListener'

Even the part about being able to bind events to objects is, I believe, undocumented. So you have to be a little careful on this, as the following will not work when trying to clean up the event handler references for that object:

$(object).remove()
$(object).unbind(..)

As a workaround, when cleaning up the Trip object, you can explicitly call removeData to do the job.
$(object).removeData();

As I've already mentioned, it's getting knee-deep with jQuery's internals, so you might want to look at an alternative solution, or be wary that library upgrades can easily break your code, which is not very unlikely.

A: As far as I know, you can only bind event handlers to nodes, or, in special cases, the window, document, etc. For DOM nodes, the event handlers will be removed. Even if they weren't, they wouldn't be able to be triggered anyway. Deleting the object will remove the event handlers associated with it. The event handlers should not prevent the object from being garbage collected.

A:
Would the same occur for a dom node if
  it was removed and had event handlers
  bound to it?

this.handlerClick = function () { ... };

$(this.testDomNode).bind('click', this.handlerClick);

this.testDomNode.parentNode.removeChild(this.testDomNode);

Using the above code and testing with FireQuery in FireFox removing the dom node does not unbind the handler from the event,
it seems you have to explicitly unbind the handler before removing the dom node as follows:
$(this.testDomNode).unbind('click', this.handlerClick);

this.testDomNode.parentNode.removeChild(this.testDomNode);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA--(Marketwire - July 17, 2008) - Serengeti Resources Inc. (TSX VENTURE:SIR) is pleased to announce that it has signed a binding Heads of Agreement with a Canadian subsidiary of Newcrest Mining Limited ("Newcrest") whereby Newcrest may earn a joint venture interest in Serengeti's Croy Bloom/Davie Creek property located in the Quesnel Trough of central British Columbia.
Newcrest may earn a 51% interest by funding C$10.0 million in exploration expenditures and making C$500,000.00 in cash payments over four years. Newcrest may then elect to earn an additional 14% interest by funding an additional C$25.0 million in qualifying expenditures towards a pre-feasibility study over a further four years. The first year's work program of C$1,000,000.00 is a commitment with C$100,000.00 cash due on August 1, 2008.
The Croy-Bloom property is located within two km of a logging road spur from the Kemess Mine haul road in the Johansson Lake area of the northern Quesnel Trough. Prior work by Serengeti and others has outlined a large induced polarization (IP) anomaly coincident with a four square km copper-gold-cobalt geochemical anomaly containing values up to 5.5% copper, 9.4 g/t gold and 0.075% cobalt in grab samples. Three drill-ready targets have been outlined on the property including the zone described above. Serengeti's adjacent Davie Creek property is also part of the earn-in arrangement with Newcrest. Prior drilling at Davie Creek has outlined molybdenum values up to 0.073% Mo over 203 meters lying within a three km long soil geochemical and IP chargeability anomaly.
Newcrest plans an initial 2,500 meter drill program on the property commencing in August 2008. As part of the arrangement, a minimum of 20% of the exploration expenditures during the first option period must be made on the Davie Creek portion of the property.
Drilling continues with two rigs on Serengeti's 100% owned Kwanika property, where a major copper-gold discovery was announced in late-2006. More than 50,000 meters have been completed in 115 holes at Kwanika and it is the Company's intention to complete the current drill program and calculate a resource by the end of this year. Drill sections and a 3D model can be viewed at www.corebox.net or by following a link on the Company's website at www.serengetiresources.com.
Serengeti is a mineral exploration company managed by an experienced team of professionals with a solid track record of exploration success. The Company is focused on the advancement of its Kwanika copper-gold project and on the discovery of copper-gold and molybdenum deposits on its extensive portfolio of properties in the highly prospective Quesnel Trough of British Columbia.
This news release has been prepared in accordance with Canadian regulatory requirements as set out in National Instrument 43-101, and reviewed by the Company's Qualified Person, David W. Moore, P. Geo., President and CEO of Serengeti Resources Inc.


The Chilli Banana cookbook – a 192-page hardback packed with more than 50 of May's favourite recipes – comes with notes on Thai cooking, ingredients and the country's food culture too.
More customers than ever have enjoyed a Chilli Banana meal and then asked us for the recipe. So we thought we would gather together a cross section of the most popular dishes from our recent menus.
We've asked May's mother, 6,000 miles away in Thailand, to be part of the book by writing the foreword. After all – she taught May everything she knows.
And we got specialist photographer Tim Green over to Thailand as well as the North West to shoot some of the best cookery book illustrations we've ever seen. It's a stunning selection that really captures the beating heart of Thailand.
This book has been a dream of ours for a long time and comes in response to the many recipe requests that we regularly get from customers who have enjoyed their food so much that they want to try a recreate the meal at home. Now they can.