text:
Queensland racing bodies set to threaten strike action
October 5, 2018 10:37 am. by Staff Writer
Queensland thoroughbred racing bodies are reportedly ready to strike following a point of consumption tax funding announcement by the state government.
The state's point of consumption tax (POC), which was rolled out on October 1, dictates that bookies will be hit with a 15 per cent tax on revenue generated by Queensland-based punters.
The tax is expected to generate $70 million in its first year alone, but the thoroughbred industry in the sunshine state is unhappy with how the yields from the POC tax will be divided.
The Courier Mail reported that a letter will be sent to Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk, Racing Minister Stirling Hinchliffe and Treasurer Jackie Trad proposing an intention to take industrial action at Doomben, Gold Coast and Toowoomba on Cox Plate day (October 27) and Melbourne Cup day (November 6).
The letter cites a "lack of both financial and emotional interest" in the Queensland racing industry.
"We have taken the approach that discussion and negotiation is no longer viable, and that the only way we can make our point is unfortunately through industrial action which is being requested vocally by our participants," the letter reportedly reads.
"We formally advise the Queensland government of our total dissatisfaction with the lack of both financial and emotional interest in our industry, a concern that has been ongoing for many years but reached an all-time high with the recent announcements on the distribution of the point of consumption tax."
The letter echos the sentiments of high profile Queensland racing identities.
Leading trainer Robert Heathcote said the POC tax threatens to leave the state behind.
"We are falling further and further behind NSW and Victoria. There is a real danger the industry here will become a second-rate backwater unless we act," Heathcote told AAP.
"The whole industry has been dealt a raw deal for too long. We have to fight and I will be there in the forefront."
Following Heathcote's comments, trainer Bryan Guy took to Twitter to vent his frustrations.
"It's a shame the (Queensland government) has pushed the industry this far. For years the (Queensland Racing) industry has been a hard working tax payer for the state but now in our time of need they turn their backs on the industry." Guy tweeted.
It's a shame the @QldGov has pushed the industry this far. For years the @racing_qld industry has been a hard working tax payer for the state but now in our time of need they turn their backs on the industry. The industry has gone well past the crossroads and needs help
— Bryan Guy (@BryanGuyRacing) October 4, 2018
Betting Site will keep updated as the saga continues.
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text:
VisualFEA is a finite element analysis software program for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. It is developed and distributed by Intuition Software, Inc. of South Korea, and used chiefly for structural and geotechnical analysis. Its strongest point is its intuitive, user-friendly design based on graphical pre- and postprocessing capabilities. It has educational features for teaching and learning structural mechanics, and finite element analysis through graphical simulation. It is widely used in college-level courses related to structural mechanics and finite element methods.

Overview
VisualFEA is a full-fledged finite element analysis program with many easy-to-use but powerful features, which can be classified largely into four parts: finite element processing, pre-processing, post-processing and educational simulation.  All the functions are integrated into a single executable module, which is a characteristic of the program distinguished from other finite element analysis programs generally composed of multiple modules.  The whole procedure from pre-processing to analysis, and to post-processing can be completed on the spot without launching one program after another, or without pipelining data from one program to another.

Processing
VisualFEA can solve the following types of problems.
 Mechanical analysis
Truss, frame, plane stress, plane strain, axisymmetric, plate bending, shell and 3D solid
Linear, material nonlinear or geometric nonlinear analysis
Static or dynamic analysis
Construction staged analysis
Geotechnical analysis (consolidation, slope stability analysis)
 Heat conduction analysis
Plane, axisymmetric and 3D volume
Steady state or transient analysis
Linear or nonlinear material model
Fire damage analysis
 Seepage analysis
Plane, axisymmetric and 3D volume
Steady state or transient analysis
Confined or unconfined boundary condition
 Coupled analysis
Heat conduction coupled mechanical analysis
Seepage coupled mechanical analysis

Pre-processing
A finite element model in VisualFEA consists of various objects: curve, primitive surface, node, element and mesh. VisualFEA has its own CAD-like capabilities of creating graphical objects without aid of external programs. VisualFEA can create structured or unstructured meshes in two- or three-dimensional space using the following mesh generation schemes.
 Mapping scheme (lofting, tri-mapping, transfinite mapping, isoparametric mapping)
 Sweeping scheme (extrusion, translation, rotation, twisting)
 Auto mesh scheme (triangulation, tetrahedronization)
 Mesh treatment (mesh carving, mesh operation, intersection, distortion)
The program has the function to save the generated mesh data in text format for use by other application programs. Other pre-processing capabilities include the following items.
 Definition and assignment of boundary conditions, material properties and element joints, etc.
 Node number or element number optimization
 Handling of element orientation, local coordinate axes

Post-processing
VisualFEA has various functions of visualizing the numerical data generated by solving the analysis models.  The most frequently used graphical representation of the data are the contour and vector images.  There are many other forms of graphical representation available in VisualFEA.

 Iso-surface
 Sliced plane, parallel plane, cross plane
 Diagram (bending moment diagram, shear force diagram, etc.)
 Curve plotting
 Data probing
 Animation

Educational Simulation
VisualFEA can be used as a tool for computer-aided education of structural mechanics and finite element method.  The tools are operated with the user-created modeling data and their ensuing analysis results on the basis of finite element technology.  They are devised to promote the understanding, and to stimulate the interest in the subjects by substantiating the conceptual principles and visually exhibiting the complex computational processes with the aid of interactive computer graphics.  The topics covered by the educational functions are as follows.
 Mathematical relationships of internal forces in rigid frames.
 Geometric properties of an arbitrarily defined member section
 Stresses on the member sections
 Moving load
 Mohr circle and its application to elasto-plastic yielding.
 Stress path and yield surface
 Buckling
 Stiffness assembly and solution process in the finite element analysis.
 Shape function and interpolation
 Eigen value analysis.
 Concept of adaptive analysis

VisualFEA/CBT
VisualFEA/CBT is an educational version of the program published by John Wiley and Son's Inc. as a companion program to a textbook on finite element method. The program has the limitation of 3000 nodes that can be handled.

References

External links
 Intuition Software, Inc.
 Screen Demos, Internet-First University Press, Cornell University
 VisualFEA Tutorial YouTube Channel

Finite element method
Structural engineering
Engineering education

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Non-ASCII character elimination without changing char count I have data in fixed-width format I'd like to convert to CSV/tab delimited in python using only ASCII characters. I know very little about encodings, and some of the characters in the original file are non-ASCII. I can replace these with placeholders easily enough (I don't really care what they are), but this throws the character count off. I've tried subsequently replacing each sequence of more than 1 placeholder with a single placeholder, but there are some situations where the special characters occur in sequence.
I don't know what encoding was used for the original file, but I wouldn't be surprised if it was copy/pasted from MS word and features characters like ½, « etc.
For example, consider the following file test.txt which contains fields of length 1, 2 and 1, separated by a space (including trailing new line):
1 AA A
2 BB B
3 ¾  C
4 «¾ D
5 C  E

The simple python script:
with open('./test.txt', 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        print len(line)

outputs
7
7
8
9
7

I've tried replacing the offending characters, but since they're read as two, this results in two placeholders inserted. I can then replace multiple placeholders with a single placeholder... but then consecutive placeholders throw the count.
import re
r = re.compile(r'\?\?+')

with open('./test.txt', 'r') as f, \
   open('./test_out1.txt', 'w') as w1, \
   open('./test_out2.txt', 'w') as w2:
  for line in f:
    q1 = line.decode('ascii', 'replace').replace(u'\ufffd', '?')
    w1.write(q1)
    q2 = r.sub('?', q1)
    w2.write(q2)

Results:
test_out1.txt
1 AA A
2 BB B
3 ??  C
4 ???? D
5 C  E

test2.txt
1 AA A
2 BB B
3 ?  C
4 ? D
5 C  E

This obviously will also have issues if there's ever an actual '?' character next to a non-ASCII character in the source.
Am I missing a really simple way to do this?
Thanks in advance.

A: Given that your simple python script outputs different line lengths, you are dealing with a multi-byte encoding of some description.
The best approach would be to determine the encoding of the file. If the data is supposed to be fixed-width, this will be an encoding where every line is the same number of characters (as opposed to bytes).
For example:
$ cat test.txt
1 AA A
2 BB B
3 ¾  C
4 «¾ D
5 C  E

$ python3
Python 3.5.0
>>> with open("test.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
...     for line in f:
...         print(len(line))
...
7
7
7
7
7

If you get different lengths with utf-8, try other multi-byte encodings until you find the right one. Once you've determined the input encoding, you can easily output the file with the non-ASCII characters replaced with placeholders:
$ python3
Python 3.5.0
>>> with open("test.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as infile:
...     with open("output.txt", "w", encoding="ascii", errors="replace") as outfile:
...         for line in infile:
...             outfile.write(line)

$ cat output.txt
1 AA A
2 BB B
3 ?  C
4 ?? D
5 C  E

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Vladimir Putin sent a message of congratulations to Bill English on taking office as Prime Minister of New Zealand.
The President of Russia expressed his confidence that Mr. English's work as Prime Minister of New Zealand will help foster relations between Russia and New Zealand for the benefit of the two nations and in the interests of bolstering stability and security in the Asia-Pacific region.
Vladimir Putin also used the opportunity to extend holiday greetings to Prime Minister Bill English ahead of Christmas and the New Year.
0 Comment to "Putin congratulated Prime Minister of New Zealand"


A coalition of civil society groups, #OurMumuDondo, on Thursday stormed the police headquarters, Abuja to demand the release of the Premium Times reporter.
Led by popular musician, Charly Boy, the protesters insisted on the release of the reporter, noting that they would not leave until he was freed.
Presidential aspirant, Omoyele Sowore, knocked the Inspector-General of Police, Ibrahim Idris, for pressurizing Ogundipe to disclose his source.
The convener, Concerned Nigerians, Deji Adeyanju, said the group would continue to besiege the police headquarters daily until their demand was met.
Addressing the protesters, Moshood said the detention of the journalist was not a punishment, a claim that annoyed the campaigners, who objected loudly.
Meanwhile, the Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project, has written to the United Nations over the arrest and detention of the reporter.
In a letter dated August 14, 2018, and addressed to the UN Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression, Mr David Kaye, SERAP said it was worried that media freedom was being eroded by the police in Nigeria.
It urged the UN to urgently intervene and prevail on the Federal Government and the IG to immediately free the detained journalist and stop the move to criminalise the freedom of expression in the country.
"There is a compelling public interest case in the protection of journalists' sources. In this case, the attempts by the IG to force Samuel Ogundipe to disclose the sources of his story cannot be justified on the grounds of public interest.
"In SERAP's view, the continued detention of Samuel Ogundipe for having refused to reveal the source(s) of his story has violated not only his right to personal liberty but also his right to freedom of expression.
"We, therefore, request the Special Rapporteur to prevail on the IG to immediately and unconditionally release Mr Samuel Ogundipe and to end the intimidation and harassment of journalists and the media," SERAP said in its letter.
Ozekhome, in a statement, pointed out that journalists were protected by Section 22 of the Nigerian constitution to hold government accountable and responsible to the citizens.
"I wholeheartedly condemn, in the most unequivocal terms, the latest onslaught, assault and detention carried out by an increasingly intolerant and desperate non-performing government, in a Gestapo-like manner, against Premium Times and journalist Samuel Ogundipe," Ozekhome said.
The police have alleged that the Premium Times Security reporter, Samuel Ogundipe, violated the Official Secret Act and the CyberCrime Act, adding that he was equally being tried for theft of classified document.
The force insisted that Ogundipe's action was detrimental to national security, noting that it could jeopardise peace and was capable of causing a crisis in the country.
Ogundipe was arrested on Tuesday by the Special Anti-Robbery Squad operatives over the publication of the report of a police investigation into the invasion of the National Assembly by the Department of State Services, and was remanded in police custody till August 20 by a Kubwa magistrate court.
In a statement in Abuja on Thursday, the Force Spokesman, acting DCP Jimoh Moshood, also stated that the accused journalist had volunteered statements and he was standing trial.
It said, "The Force is categorically stating that Ogundipe is being investigated and prosecuted for the offences of theft and unlawful possession of restricted and classified documents inimical to state/national security that can jeopardise peace, the breakdown of law and order capable of precipitating a crisis in the country.


text:
Has Chelsea FC Ever Won The Super Cup?
By Andre Moura, FootballPredictions.NET, 17:48 07/09/2020
English giants Chelsea have been no stranger to European success in recent years, winning one Champions League, two Europa Leagues, and two Cup Winners' Cups in the last quarter of a century.
As a result, Chelsea has qualified for the UEFA Super Cup final on four separate occasions. Chelsea has won the Super Cup, lifting the trophy once from these finals. Their solitary win in 1998 has been followed by defeats in 2012, 2013 and 2019.
Fans of The Blues will consider themselves unfortunate not to have won the Super Cup more times though due to the nature of some of their final defeats.
1998: Narrow Victory over Real Madrid at Stade Louis II
Having won their second Cup Winners' Cup in 1998 with victory over German side VfB Stuttgart in Stockholm, Chelsea set up a mouthwatering clash with European champions Real Madrid at the Stade Louis II in Monaco.
The Blues were successful in their first UEFA Super Cup final appearance as they saw off the Spanish giants 1-0, thanks to an 83rd-minute winner from Uruguayan forward Gus Poyet.
2012: Humbled by Falcao in the last Monaco final
After beating Bayern Munich on penalties in May to win their first Champions League, Chelsea faced Europa League winners Atletico Madrid in the last Super Cup final to be played at the Stade Louis II. The Spanish side comfortably saw off The Blues in a 4-1 battering in front of 14,000 spectators in the principality.
A first-half hat-trick from Colombian striker and future Chelsea man Radamel Falcao put the Spaniards in command before Brazil defender Miranda added a fourth. Gary Cahill's goal was little more than a consolation on a disappointing night for Roberto di Matteo's side.
Interestingly, it was Atletico that Chelsea had beaten over two legs back in 1971 for their only European triumph that did not earn them a spot in the UEFA Super Cup final. This was due to the Super Cup not existing until the following year and meant Chelsea did not face off against European Cup winners Ajax later in the year.
2013: Repeat of the 2012 Champions League final
Chelsea made it back-to-back European titles as they picked up the Europa League at the end of the 2012-13 season, beating Benfica in Amsterdam thanks to Branislav Ivanovic's stoppage-time header. This meant The Blues would face German opposition in the form of Bayern Munich at the Eden Arena in Prague.
This would be a repeat of the previous year's Champions League final which The Blues won on penalties. Goals from Fernando Torres and Eden Hazard gave Chelsea a lead deep into extra-time before Javi Martinez's 121st-minute goal forced spot-kicks once again. Unlike in Munich a year earlier, it was the German giants that were victorious from 12 yards after Romelu Lukaku missed the decisive penalty to seal a 5-4 penalties defeat for The Blues.
2019: All English final ends in more penalty heartbreak
Chelsea travelled to Istanbul in August 2019 for their second all English European final of the year, having won the Europa League final 4-1 against Arsenal in Baku three months earlier.
This time around they came up against six-time European champions Liverpool at Besiktas' Vodafone Park stadium. Just like against Bayern six years previously, the match finished 2-2 after extra-time, with Olivier Giroud and Jorginho scoring for The Blues. Once again, it was a 5-4 penalty shootout defeat for Chelsea, with Tammy Abraham the only player to miss from the spot out of ten takers.
Tags: Chelsea FC, Super Cup
Is Chelsea FC Catholic or Protestant?
Which Football Team Does Will Ferrell Support?
Why are Chelsea Fans Called Pensioners?
Where Do Chelsea FC Play?
Does Chelsea FC Have Shareholders?
Where Do Chelsea Players Live?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Noah Hyatt Virgin (December 6, 1812December 7, 1892) was an American grain merchant, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was an early settler at Platteville, Wisconsin, and represented Grant County in the Wisconsin State Senate (1858–1862), State Assembly (1848, 1855), and the Territorial Assembly (prior to statehood).

Biography
Virgin was born on December 6, 1812, in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He moved to Platteville, Wisconsin in 1835. In 1839, he married Pamelia E. Adams. They had eight children, including Horatio Hyatt Virgin (1840–1913), who became a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Career
Virgin was Commissioner of Grant County, Wisconsin, and a member of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature. He was a member of the Assembly in 1848 and 1855 and served two consecutive terms in the Senate. In 1857, he was appointed to the new state Board of Regents for Normal Schools.

Originally a member of the Whig Party, Virgin was a Republican from 1854 until the re-election of Abraham Lincoln in 1864. Virgin later became a member of the Democratic Party. In 1866, he was a candidate for the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district. He lost to incumbent Amasa Cobb. He died on December 7, 1892 in Racine, Wisconsin.

References

1812 births
1892 deaths
Businesspeople from Wisconsin
American horticulture businesspeople
People from Fayette County, Pennsylvania
People from Platteville, Wisconsin
Republican Party Wisconsin state senators
Members of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature
19th-century American politicians
Millers
Wisconsin Whigs
Millwrights
19th-century American businesspeople
Democratic Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly


River Birch Trees a tree for wet areas!!!!
Hornbeams American Hornbeam Great for Habitat Improvement!!!
Winterberry (Ilex verticulataa) Sparkleberry holly A great berry producer!!!
Willow Trees Trees for wet areas!!!!
Spicebush my long time favorite!!
Witch Hazel Jelena Great Copper Colored Flowers in The Winter!!
Witch Hazel Diane Great Red Colored Flowers in The Winter!!
Black Chokeberry produces great berry crops for the birds!!
Many other native wetland species are available in most areas. There are also a lot species that have now been naturalized in North America and are often considered native plants. Unfortunately, some of these species are more competitive and are now considered invasive, crowding out our native species that provide habitat for native wildlife.


text:
First Stage Young Company: Antigone
Young performer Josie Trettin (as Antigone) by Paul Ruffolo
By Mary Boyle
I love going to the theater. For hundreds of years, this form of storytelling; of players connecting with audiences, has endured. Hands down, my favorite theater company to watch is the First Stage Young Company, the advanced, college-level actor training program at First Stage Theater Academy for high school students. I especially like it when they perform theater that has stood the test of time, such as Shakespeare or, in this case, an ancient Greek tale: Antigone.
The story of Antigone comes from one of the greatest ancient playwrights, Sophocles, who wrote over one hundred plays during the Golden Age of Athens; the most famous being known as the Theban Plays, which begin with the story of Oedipus (made famous by Sigmund Freud).
Antigone is one of the four children of Oedipus, and the story takes place after his death. Antigone's Uncle, Creon, has become King of Thebes after Antigone's two brothers, Polynices and Eteocles, have started a civil war and killed each other in battle. To set an example, Creon has ordered that Polynices will not have a proper burial, but will be left to rot. Antigone defies Creon and buries her brother, knowing that it will surely cost her her life.
The modern version of Antigone was written in 1942 by French playwright, Jean Anouilh, during the Nazi occupation of France, and is his most produced work. Anouilh was inspired by a young man who, in solitary protest, fired into a group of French collaborationists (Frenchmen who chose to fight for the Germans instead of being sent to German labor camps). Anouilh thought the act caught the essence of a tragedy: heroic. lacking in sound reason, and pointless. His version of Antigone was a barely disguised political attack, which was immediately censored by the Nazis, and didn't make its debut until two years later.
The Young Company's production, adapted by Lewis Galantiere and Directed by Joshua Pohja, brings the character and morality of both Antigone (Josie Trettin) and Creon (Lawson Mitchell) into question, leaving the audience to wonder who the real hero of the story is, if there is one at all. This is a must-see for fans of Greek mythology and classic theater, who will enjoy this thought-provoking retelling of an ancient tragedy.
This performance is recommended for audience members ages 13 and up.
Antigone opens on Friday, April 8th at 7 p.m. at the Milwaukee Youth Arts Center (325 W Walnut St, Milwaukee, WI 53212), and runs through April 17th. Tickets are just $14, and can be purchased on the First Stage Website: www.firststage.org, or by calling (414) 267-2961.
First Stage has offered a special promotion: Purchase two tickets to either ELLA ENCHANTED (ages 6 & up) April 1 – May 1, or ANTIGONE (ages 13 & up) April 8 – 17, for just $20 per pair of tickets. Order by phone only at (414) 267-2961. Mention code "GIRLPOWER" when you call.
*This offer is not valid on previously purchased tickets. Must be ordered by phone at least 48 hours in advance of the first performance. Valid for select seats and select performances only. Subject to availability.


text:
OLIVER CAIN
COMMUNAL CONVERSATION
Studies of Queer life.
Works available for purchase.
This playful work draw attention to the many experiences that are encountered by homosexual males, as well as openly questioning social constructions of shame, anonymity and sexuality, but in a way that can be viewed as whimsical and lighthearted. Situated in what can sometimes be assumed to be a highly sexualised culture; a culture that can be seen as dangerous and unclean. Added to this that many of these encounters and experiences happen within a public setting. A reflection of gay cruising culture and party culture weighted with broad assumptions put on the community by those from the outside.
This work is shown in a way that is almost cleansingly clinical compared to the idea of sex or public sexual experiences. Each revealing elements of personal experience yet also refusing to give details, holding onto the anonymity of each encounter. A lighthearted way to show a part of many homosexual's sexual history that can be viewed as negative, problematic and confronting. Drawing on slightly different aspects of gay culture but ultimately interpreting common experiences into a playful representation, documenting aspects of queer life.
Communal Conversation (Overall winner - Eden Arts Awards 2019)
Blue 1710 x 510 x 380 & Pink 1710 x 540 x 360
Two white Ceramic Toilets lit with LEDs displayed on plinths.
Purchased by the Wallace Arts Trust
Colourfully communicative conversation between social encounters within a sexually fuelled setting of public sexual experiences. Reflection of gay cruising culture and party culture weighted with broad assumptions put on the community by those from the outside. Standing up and confronting at eye level, face-to-face, ear-to-ear, mouth-to-mouth. Emitting a steady sound that could be compared to that of a heart beat or the muffed sounds experienced in a club toilet.
© 2021 All Rights Reserved by Oliver Cain


text:
Ramzi Bourakba (born 20 December 1984 in Bordj Bou Arréridj) is an Algerian footballer who is currently playing as a forward for JSM Béjaïa in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1.

Club career
On 3 January 2012 Bourakba joined Saudi Arabian club Najran SC until the end of the season.

References

External links

1984 births
Algeria A' international footballers
Algerian footballers
Algerian expatriate footballers
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 players
CR Belouizdad players
Expatriate footballers in Saudi Arabia
JS Kabylie players
Living people
Najran SC players
People from Bordj Bou Arréridj
USM El Harrach players
JSM Béjaïa players
Association football forwards
21st-century Algerian people


Port Elizabeth's annual G&S Valentine's cabaret Only You will give lovebirds a lively mix of classic, pop, show tunes and recent hits at the Savoy Theatre.
Only You will be presented at 7pm on Thursday February 14, and at 7.30pm on Friday and Saturday February 15 and 16, with a 2pm matinee on the Saturday as well.
Award-winning director Rose Cowpar is mentoring Candida Merifield as director, Bennie Gerber is choreographing the show and singer Akhona Nkumanda makes his debut as vocal director.
The cast of includes Cowpar as well as the experienced voices of Khuselo Gqiba, Zoe Gray, Yvonne Smith, Cailan van Heerden, Roelof Erasmus, Megan Smith and Jaydee Mulder.
G&S newcomers Kathleen Fouche, Lesego Mkhwanazi, Abbey Nel, Charlize Visser and Christine Erasmus also appear in their first Valentine's cabaret.
On Valentine's Day, patrons can enjoy a three-course meal and the show for R220 a person. The show alone is R90 (R85 each for groups of eight or more). Tickets for the Saturday matinee are R60.
Patrons can choose either table or row seating and are welcome to bring along snacks. Finger snack platters and burgers will be sold on the Saturday and the Savoy's cash bar will be open.


Recently, a web of quantum field theory dualities was proposed linking several problems in the study of strongly correlated quantum critical points and phases in two spatial dimensions. These dualities follow from a relativistic flux attachment duality, which relates a Wilson-Fisher boson with a unit of attached flux to a free Dirac fermion. While several derivations of members of the web of dualities have been presented thus far, none explicitly involve the physics of flux attachment, which in relativistic systems affects both statistics and spin. We discuss how this can be achieved in models of relativistic current loops, where the concept of relativistic flux attachment can be made precise. In this context, we provide simple, explicit "derivations" of members of the web of dualities. We describe some implications of this work for relativistic composite fermion theories arising in condensed matter physics, as well as new possibilities for deriving additional dualities using these techniques.


text:
Posted inSports
Blue Crabs win back-to-back, break records and stay alive in playoff race
by David M. Higgins II, Publisher/Editor September 17, 2019 September 17, 2019
News Release, Southern Maryland Blue Crabs
Waldorf, MD –Strikeouts were the story of tonight's contest. Dusten Knight struck out 17 batters this evening, by far and away the most by an Atlantic Leaguer this season. Additionally, Knight's shutout was the 14thcomplete game by a Blue Crab this season, which sets a new Atlantic League record for complete games by a team in a season. Dusten dominated in a 3-0 win over the Barnstormers.
Every single Stormer struck out at least once on Monday night, the second time that he has done that to an opponent this season. Knight allowed just two hits, the only marks on his record in an otherwise perfect game.
The right-hander struck out the side in three different innings in the longest outing of his professional career. Tonight's strikeout tally also sets a franchise record for Barnstormers batsmen, breaking a record of 15 strikeouts set by the Newark Bears in 2008.
Additionally, the Crabs pitching staff picked up their 14th complete game of the season, breaking a former record of 13 by the now-defunct Lehigh Valley Black Diamonds in 2000. Daryl Thompson and Kyle Simon lead the way with four each on the 2019 campaign.
The Crabs picked up a record-breaking victory tonight by a score of 3-0 at the hands of the Lancaster Barnstormers.
The Blue Crabs will return home tomorrow, Tuesday, September 17th for game two of a three-game set with the Lancaster Barnstormers, with a 6:35 p.m. first pitch.
Catch all Blue Crabs home games on the Blue Crabs Broadcast Network, live-streamed on YouTube (@SOMDBlueCrabs) Facebook (@SOMDBlueCrabs) and Twitter (@BlueCrabs).


**ONE-OWNER** **CLEAN CARFAX** **BACKUP CAMERA** **HEATED/VENTILATED LEATHER SEATS** **HEATED STEERING WHEEL** **BEDLINER** **CRUISE CONTROL** **BLUETOOTH** This vehicle is available for test drive most days, but to confirm availability please call us at 330-237-0012. For most recently updated pricing and to view other vehicles in our inventory please visit our website. Our family run dealership offers a friendly, inviting atmosphere with a staff equipped to helpfully guide you through your vehicle purchase.


Binocle Factory adheres to the highest standards of ethical practices in all our operations. We are dedicated to protecting the privacy of all our Website visitors. To be clear Binocle Factory do not sell, barter, give away, or rent your personal information to any company. We ask for only the information we need.
We only collect and store information that you enter. For example, when you open an account or place an order, store the following information: name, billing address, shipping address, email address and telephone number. We use this information to provide products and services that you have ordered, to process and ship orders, to send order and shipping confirmations, and to provide customer service. Some of this information also may be used to contact you about sales, special offers, and new site features, unless you have opted not to receive promotional communications in connection with Binocle Factory.
Through your use of the Website, we may also gather certain information that does not identify you individually ("Anonymous Information"). Generally, this information is collected through "traffic data" . We automatically collect and store information when you interact with this Website. For example, we collect your IP address, browser information and reference site domain name every time you visit this Website.
This information is used to analyze and improve this Website and to provide our users with a fulfilling shopping experience.
If you no longer wish to receive our newsletter and promotional communications, you may opt-out of receiving future emails. We provide you the opportunity to "opt-out" at anytime by following the unsubscribe link located at the bottom of each email communication.


text:
Old Records Reveal a New Story About The Crescent City
A few years ago I was present at the taping for the History Channel where several historians were being interviewed for a show that a friend of mine was in town producing. I'll never forget when one historian in talking about New Orleans said it is a historian's paradise.
I mean those that live here know that we are surrounded by history on all fronts, cultural, architectural, culinary and musical. But I don't think we understand the extent of the depth of it. I began to realize that not only is the history of New Orleans wide in that it affects so many aspects of life here but it's deep too. We are just beginning to see how the history of the city in its early days has affected the history of the entire United States.
Now a new project is turn thousands of 18th century Spanish and French documents recently discovered in a vault in a New Orleans museum into digitized form is underway at the Old United States Mint Museum.
Old 18th Century Records Reveal a New Story About The Crescent City
View of New Orleans in the 18th century. Notice the barricades around the city.
An article on Art Daily explains the project
Yellowed page by yellowed page, archivists are scanning the 220,000 manuscript pages from the French Superior Council and Spanish Judiciary between 1714 and 1803 in an effort to digitize, preserve, translate and index Louisiana's colonial past and in the process help re-write American history.
"No single historian could ever live long enough to write all the books that are to be written from all these documents," said Emily Clark, a Tulane University historian who has worked in the papers.
The few historians who've pored over the unique archive say it's pivotal because it connects early America to the broader history of the Atlantic slave trade. It's at the heart of a wave of research tracing American roots beyond the English colonies and into Spain, France and Africa.
"We don't think of American society simply built from east to west, but we think of it as built from south to north," said Ira Berlin, a University of Maryland historian.
"As you begin to think of a different kind of history, you're naturally looking for new kinds of sources to write that history."
The hope is that digitization will change everything: literally allowing researchers to look at the fibers in a page and open up the collection for all to see and interpret.
Some of what we know about slavery today largely comes from myth and today's political correctness. But this doesn't really tell the full story. For instance, engaging in slavery was not just a white man's privilege. Not many know or will even want to admit that free blacks in New Orleans owned slaves.
Now it's come to light through research into these old records that even slaves owned slaves. Of course, all this flies in the face of conventional wisdom.
A project like this is important. We need to bring to the light of day the details of our past so we can understand our present. It's like the old saying goes, those who forget the past are condemned to repeat it. This project shows even more just how deep the past in New Orleans goes.
New Orleans History Documentary: The Crescent City in the 1940s – Video (notesonneworleans.net)
Posted in New Orleans Culture, New Orleans History, New Orleans Life, New Orleans News.
Tagged with Atlantic slave trade, History, New Orleans, old new orleans mint museum, Tulane University, United States.
By Richard Bienvenu	– November 2, 2012
Continuing the Discussion
18th-century French and Spanish records shed new light on United States history More Information: http://www.artdaily.org/index.asp?int_sec=11&int_new=58627#.UJUkdMXLQRn[/url] Copyright © artdaily.org « I Love History…and Research linked to this post on November 3, 2012
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text:
Manchester United's Wayne Rooney should not get used to Everton's love
Republik Of MancuniaMonday 3 Aug 2015 8:06 am
Wayne Rooney celebrates a goal against Everton (Picture: Getty Images)
Wayne Rooney famously revealed a 'once a blue, always a blue' message under his shirt after scoring for his boyhood club, Everton, in the 2002 FA Youth Cup final.
Rooney was born in Croxteth and joined Everton's youth system when he was just nine. Two years later, he was a ball boy in the Liverpool derby. Taking part in a routine warm-up before the game, having a kick about with goalkeeper Neville Southall, Rooney kept chipping Everton's number one.
Dave Watson, Everton's captain that day, later recalled on the distinct memory of the cheeky 11-year-old taking full advantage of his time on the pitch at Goodison.
'The mascot would usually just go out and warm up Big Nev. But Wayne kept chipping him and Nev was getting really p*ssed off about it.'
Rooney made his way up through the ranks and his debut came when he was just 16, making him the second youngest player to wear an Everton shirt after Joe Royle. Five days before his 17th birthday, he scored a brilliant last minute winner against Arsenal, making him the youngest goalscorer in the history of the Premier League, which lead to the famous commentary of, 'remember the name, Wayne Rooney!'
Rooney handed in a transfer request two years later, despite being offered a contract that was worth £50,000-a-week.
Wayne Rooney and David Moyes were, briefly, reunited at Manchester United (Picture: Getty Images)
At the time, Rooney claimed his reason for wanting to leave was so he could join 'a club that is playing in Europe every year'. While wanting to better his career, he still obviously felt strongly for Everton, and pleaded for the fans to understand his opinion.
'I hope the Everton fans can come to understand my decision and I hope the transfer fee Everton Football Club receive will help the club move forward.' he said. 'I hope they respect my decision and I also hope that some day in the future I could be welcomed back to watch the team I have supported since boyhood.'
Everton fans didn't understand his decision though and whenever he returned to Goodison wearing United's shirt, or Everton travelled to Old Trafford, he was on the receiving end of all sorts of verbal abuse from their fans. They booed his every touch, they called him plenty of names and even sang about him dying.
However, despite all of this, it's always been clear where his allegiances lie. He may have enjoyed winding up the abusive crowds by kissing the United badge, but his son, Kai, has been pictured in an Everton shirt on numerous occasions.
At the weekend, Rooney returned to Goodison Park for the testimonial of Duncan Ferguson, his hero. When he was warming up, the crowd chanting his name. When his name was read out on the team sheet, it was cheered.
Rooney's next visit to Goodison is in October, a week before his 30th birthday, but it's unlikely the fans will welcome him as well this time.
MORE : Manchester United transfer news: Nicolas Gaitan fee agreed, Lucas Moura talks, Pedro imminent
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During the 11th Annual CHFR symposium on Heart Failure two weeks ago, we had the honor of meeting Louis J. Ignarro from the University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA. He was an invited speaker to the CHFR symposium where he held a presentation with the topic «The Road to Stockholm – a Nobel Mission». After his presentation we got the chance to talk to him.


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Even when new, the Mirlees Blacksmokes lived up to thheir name.
I've read elsewhere that she's been sold to the Professional Diving Academy of Sandbank.
duncanwilson wrote: Does she have a bow visor or clam shell doors?
1989ish, layup at Grangemouth after the collapse of Orkney Ferries PLC.
usually seems easiest to contact Bruce on Facebook, then he can privately e-mail or message you the details needed.
Was OK earlier Duncan, but agree it's not now.
Back now Angus, no explanation, a couple of us did post on his FB Page.
All the best to you too Henk.
Probably nothing sinsiter in her prescence, Trinity House, Commisioners of Nothern Lights and Commisioners of Irish Lights do share ships from time to time, one reason why Granuaile, Galatea and Pharos are almost identical.
Does this mean she is going to be broken up in Dublin or is the damage not as bad as originally indicated ?
Hope you still enjoyed your sails Andrew.
TE, I've done as you asked as a goodwill gesture.
Well said Patrick, sometimes there are other reasons for not replying, like the subject matter being too close to home.
Three great ships which served their route very well indeed.
Didn't realise Antrim was ever in James Watt dock.
Comment was made on Yahoo Scotships that Amazing Grace, Ex Pharos 1955 went to the breakers in December 2010 after a period of layup after her owners went bankrupt.
I note that she is still at GOT and doesn't seem to have moved, indicating that something must indeed be wrong.
As I said above, I didn't think it was too good an idea doing trials so close to first trip.
Looking good in the pictures Kevin. Rumour mill said she was in dire need of re-painting and general sprucing-up.
Yes Patrick I intend being there.
Temporarily going onto the Rosyth - Zeebrugge run.
Agree David good program, hopefully later on they will show some Clyde footage from MV Jupiter as the Ferry Tales Team were on her filming about 9 months ago.
Sad news Patrick, but nice to know that his collection will be appreciated by others.
Happy New Year Everyone, All The Best for 2011.
A Very Merry Christmas everyone.
Signed it this morning Kenny.
Not black Paul, but very dark blue. The lighter blue wasn't a success and didn't suit her.
they are showing in the 2011 Brochure, but a very different layout.
Sitka is the only name I am aware of for her.
Excellent photo Davie, looks like there were no enthusiasts on board, I can't see anyone on any of the outside decks.
Hello youngac's dad, next time I see you I might call you Bertha.
I thought most Glaswegian Wummin were called Big Bertha.
Excellent report and great send off to Jim. Sadly, work commitments prevented me being on-board at the weekend.
Hello and welcome youngac, you know who I am on SoC.
Dougster wrote: I still think I'd get my boat checked for structural integrity if a 380 tonne tug bounced off the side!
Yes, it's amazing how far the shock from a seemingly small bump can travel and what it can do.
Ian, there are times when for operational reasons she will use the new berth.
The Masters felt that in certain wind conditions they did not like coming into it stern first, so when using the new one she berths bow first. A bit complicated with changes, but that's how they want to do it.
That is very sad news Stuart as it is a great wee museum.
A bit like Tystie and Dunter then.
According to shipspotting.com they both have the same IMO # - 7720843, so yes, same ship.
Thanks Barry, now I see your photos I realise it was these I was thinking of.
Angus, are you referring to Neptune's Lady ?
If so, I am pretty sure she is still at Rothesay Dock. I saw a photo recently, not sure if here or Clydesite. Needless to say I can't find it now.
Indeed , he did do a similar job.
Spot on with the Govan comments Barry.


The Natural History of Religion (1757), Parts XI, XV.
To oppose the torrent of scholastic religion by such feeble maxims as these, that it is impossible for the same thing to be and not to be, that the whole is greater than a part, that two and three make five; is pretending to stop the ocean with a bullrush. Will you set up profane reason against sacred mystery? No punishment is great enough for your impiety. And the same fires, which were kindled for heretics, will serve also for the destruction of philosophers. … The whole is a riddle, an aenigma, an inexplicable mystery. Doubt, uncertainty, suspence of judgment appear the only result of our most accurate scrutiny, concerning this subject. But such is the frailty of human reason, and such the irresistible contagion of opinion, that even this deliberate doubt could scarcely be upheld; did we not enlarge our view, and opposing one species of superstition to another, set them a quarreling; while we ourselves, during their fury and contention, happily make our escape, into the calm, though obscure, regions of philosophy.


text:
Prime Minister Imran Khan briefed about coronavirus death rate
May 9, 2020 Edit
ISLAMABAD (92 News) – Prime Minister Imran Khan presided over a meeting of the National Health Task Force on Saturday. The prime minister directed the officers concerned to launch an awareness campaign. "Rude behaviour with the coronavirus patients is intolerable," he said. He directed doctors and paramedics to treat Covid-19 patients in hospitals with utmost care and responsibility. Imran Khan pointed out that the coronavirus situation in Pakistan is different as compared to other countries and can be improved by adopting precautionary measures. He urged the citizens to immediately get their tests conducted if they feel any symptoms of Covid-19. Prime Minister's Focal Person on Covid-19 Dr Faisal Sultan briefed the meeting about the coronavirus death rate. "Pakistan is less affected by impacts of coronavirus as compared to other countries where massive death toll has been witnessed," he said, adding that the number of coronavirus testing labs had increased to 63, which was just four in March.
Breaking News Top Stories murder Navy Warship Fleet Tanker Editors Choice Left Babusar Top cover page Imran Khan Prime Minister briefed corona virus queue death rate


The Malaysian singer-songwriter performed at Heritage SF in celebration of Asian Pacific American Heritage Month.
In an obscure warehouse tucked away in San Francisco's Dogpatch district, the smooth R&B musical stylings and feel-good sentiments from Malaysian singer-songwriter Yuna filled the room.
The warehouse and live music venue, complete with a dedicated hallway of neon art signs from local artists, with local vendors selling their clothing, wares and goods, brought in over 5,000 attendees to celebrate the city's first Heritage SF.
Now, it's been a while since we've heard from Yuna. An extremely intimate and personable performer, her live shows are captivating. She engages with the crowd as her smooth hip-hop beats, keyboards and synths fill the room. Her voice, breathy and soft as she sings about love and ex-lovers, is cool and satisfying. Above all, her lyrics are incredibly disarming.
Follow Yuna on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.


text:
Development of a Canadian socioeconomic status index for the study of health outcomes related to environmental pollution
Emily Chan1,
Jesus Serrano2,
Li Chen3,
David M. Stieb4,
Michael Jerrett5 &
Alvaro Osornio-Vargas1
Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health and potential modifier of the effects of environmental contaminants. There has been a lack of comprehensive indices for measuring overall SES in Canada. Here, a more comprehensive SES index is developed aiming to support future studies exploring health outcomes related to environmental pollution in Canada.
SES variables (n = 22, Census Canada 2006) were selected based on: cultural identities, housing characteristics, variables identified in Canadian environmental injustice studies and a previous deprivation index (Pampalon index). Principal component analysis with a single varimax rotation (factor loadings ≥ │60│) was performed on SES variables for 52974 census dissemination areas (DA). The final index was created by averaging the factor scores per DA according to the three components retained. The index was validated by examining its association with preterm birth (gestational age < 37 weeks), term low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g), small for gestational age (SGA, <10 percentile of birth weight for gestational age) and PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm) exposures in Edmonton, Alberta (1999–2008).
Index values exhibited a relatively normal distribution (median = 0.11, mean = 0.0, SD = 0.58) across Canada. Values in Alberta tended to be higher than in Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories and Nunavut (Pearson chi-square p < 0.001 across provinces). Lower quintiles of our index and the Pampalon's index confirmed know associations with a higher prevalence of LBW, SGA, preterm birth and PM2.5 exposure. Results with our index exhibited greater statistical significance and a more consistent gradient of PM2.5 levels and prevalence of pregnancy outcomes.
Our index reflects more dimensions of SES than an earlier index and it performed superiorly in capturing gradients in prevalence of pregnancy outcomes. It can be used for future research involving environmental pollution and health in Canada.
Reports such as the Canada Health Survey [1] and the Canadian Community Health Survey [2] indicated that inequalities of health resulting from socioeconomic status (SES) required urgent scrutiny [3]. Because the majority of health data is released in area-level form in comparison to individual-level form as a result of privacy concerns, geographical proxies, where the SES for small areas is linked to health data from administrative databases are often utilized [3]. Most of these studies have used neighbourhood income as the indicator of social disparity and mortality as the health indicator [3]. Measuring SES using a single indicator, however, is unlikely to completely reflect its complexity. Deprivation indices including other measures such as unemployment, social class, income, marital status, occupation, and education have been developed for Great Britain [4], Spain [5], and Italy [6].
Until recently, only two deprivation indices for Canada have been developed, each with a specific purpose. Matheson et al. [7] proposed an index called the "Can-Marg" using Census 2006 data, in which they focussed on examining inequalities in health and other social problems. Four deprivation criteria: residential instability, material deprivation, dependency and ethnic concentration were defined and inequalities in 18 health and behavioural problems from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) reported [7]. However, the index that is mostly used in Canadian research has been the Pampalon index, developed in Quebec. Pampalon et al. illustrated its value by linking it to overall Canadian premature mortality rates in 2001 [3]. The group developed their index based on Townsend's definition of deprivation [8] and included variables such as education and marital status. More specifically, their index was divided into two components: social and material. The Pampalon index only included six variables in the analyses: employment, income, education, marital status, single parent family, and living alone, while the Canadian Census form from which the index was developed, contains over 200 variables.
Among other factors like "individual susceptibility" (e.g. genetic polymorphisms), environmental stressors such as radiation, chemicals, and viruses, as well as dietary habits, psycho-social stress, and social characteristics are known to contribute to the occurrence of common childhood conditions. There recently has been growing interest in environmental injustice, a concept suggesting that those populations with lower SES may be vulnerable to greater exposure to environmental pollutants than their higher SES counterparts, and consequently experiencing potentially increased health risks. Building on this concept, the U.S. Institute of Medicine coined the term "double jeopardy" to emphasize the combined risk often faced by socially disadvantaged groups. Specifically, groups experiencing higher environmental exposure are often more susceptible because they have higher rates of smoking, obesity, poor nutrition, and adverse occupational exposures [9].
Thus a need exists for a comprehensive index of socioeconomic status that is indicative of the Canadian population, which can be used for research involving environmental pollution and health outcomes. For that purpose, we aimed to develop a novel SES index that is comprehensive and more encompassing of the Canadian population, by incorporating cultural identities, examining factors relevant to health outcomes from environmental pollution, and considering other variables used in previous environmental injustice studies.
Socioeconomic data were analyzed from the Canadian Census 2006. For our evaluation, we extracted Census data from CANSIM, Canada's socioeconomic database which provides free access to a range of the latest statistics [10]. The Census was completed on May 16, 2006 and 32.5 million people were included. One in every five households received a long questionnaire with 53 questions in comparison to 8 for the short form [11]. Here, we used data from the long questionnaire forms. These data cover all of Canada's dissemination areas (DAs), which are small regions consisting of 400 to 700 people [12]. Canada has 52974 DAs, ranging from 34 for Nunavut to 18923 for Ontario.
A set of 22 variables from the 2006 Census was selected based on: (1) cultural identities [13]; (2) potential environmental pollutants related to health outcomes [14, 15]; (3) Canadian environmental injustice studies [16–18]; and (4) variables utilized in the deprivation index for Canada proposed by Pampalon [3] (Table 1). Studies in the United States have indicated a clear relationship between several racial groups with regards to SES [19–21]. In an effort to investigate the phenomenon in Canada, we grouped the cultural identities reported in the census as the individual's ancestry, based on four categories from the "Human Developmental Index" (HDI): origins from (1) very high sum; (2) high sum; (3) medium sum; and (4) low sum countries [13]. The HDI takes into account the human development of a country and ranks them according to life expectancy, literacy, education and standards of living [13]. We included a category for those with aboriginal identities based on responses to the "Indian Status" and "Aboriginal identities" question on the Census and combined those who were North American Indian, Metis, Inuit, multiple Aboriginal identities, and aboriginal responses not included elsewhere. Each of the variables was expressed as proportions per dissemination area (DA). Variables obtained as raw counts of the answers to questions were converted to proportions by dividing by the number of people answering the question. Since the data used in the creation of the index were collected from questions answered with the long form of the Census questionnaire, the proportions were based on the variables corresponding to 20 % of the population of Canada. Employment rate, median income and prevalence of low income after taxes were not transformed since they were originally reported as proportions per DA in the census database.
Table 1 Parameters and variables used in the selection for PCA analysis
Lastly, we incorporated a variable that we thought was important for health outcomes related to environmental pollution: age of the home (construction of homes before 1946, 1946–1970, 1971–1990, 1991–2006) as a proxy for age of the neighbourhood. In the United States, it has been shown that older neighbourhoods are more likely to have lead paint [15], asbestos [14] and have more infiltration of fine particles from outdoors to indoors [22].
Construction of SES index
Principal component analysis (PCA) with a single varimax rotation (factor loadings ≥ │60│) was performed on the selected 22 Census socioeconomic variables (SAS 9.2, North Carolina, USA). The analyses were completed for all DAs of Canada whereupon we utilized two criteria for the selection of components: (1) Kaiser Criterion (eigenvalues ≥1); and (2) individual proportion of variances per component explaining ≥ 10 % of the overall variability. The final SES index was created by averaging the factor scores (a numerical representation of the linear relationship between variables and the components) per DA, according to the three components retained.
Validation of our SES index
Adverse birth outcomes
We attempted to validate our index by utilizing the well-researched concept that low SES may be related to adverse birth outcomes [23, 24]. Here, data on all singleton live births between 1999 and 2008 in Edmonton were accessed through Statistics Canada (Additional file 1). Pregnancy outcomes under study were preterm birth (gestational age < 37 weeks), term low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g), and small for gestational age (SGA, <10 percentile of birth weight for gestational age). Spearman correlations and t-tests were used to assess associations between the index and pregnancy outcomes.
Particulate matter (PM 2.5)
We also evaluated another known [25], but less explored association between our SES index and concentrations of particulate matter with a mean aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Spearman correlation and t-tests were used to examine relationships between PM2.5 exposures and SES indices. PM2.5 exposures were assigned by mapping the mother's six-character postal code to a monthly surface PM2.5 concentration, based on a North American land use regression model that incorporated observations from fixed-site monitoring stations and satellite-derived estimates of PM2.5. Exposures were estimated for the entire duration of pregnancy. Methods are described in detail elsewhere [26].
Comparison of Chan index to Pampalon index
We compared the association of our SES index and that of Pampalon's [3] with adverse birth outcomes and PM2.5 concentrations using Spearman correlations and t-tests. The Pampalon index is a commonly used SES index in Canada that was developed using variables from the 2006 Census with: (1) known relations to health; (2) past use as geographical proxies; (3) past utilizations with the material or social dimensions of deprivation; (4) availability by DA [3]. PCA was used on the variables and two components were found that are now used as the Pampalon indices: Values for the Material and Social components. The Pampalon index value used to validate our index were accessed through their website [3, 27]. Both indices represent the Canadian SES situation in 2006 and comparisons assume the same similar Canada wide SES distribution around the year of 2006.
Principal component analysis (PCA)
Three components were extracted for Canada, with a cumulative retained variation of 58.9 %. Each component yielded different conceptual meanings when variables were placed together, based on a preconceived categorical variable classification (Table 2). Component 1 contained variables related to: (1) social advantages, and (2) high material ownership; (Additional file 2). Component 2 included variables related to economic advantages, (Additional file 3) and Component 3 (Additional file 4) was entirely different in composition and direction and contained variables indicative of being: (1) socially disadvantaged and having (2) specific cultural identities. Interestingly, aboriginal status was not included in the cultural identities of Component 3, but instead medium sum HDI groups were incorporated. Additionally, age of the home was not included in any of the components. For this analysis, the final SES index was obtained averaging the components retained by utilizing the formula [C1 + C2+ (−1*C3)]/3. Given the disadvantage connotation of the variables included in Component 3, we multiplied factor scores for Component 3 by −1 to achieve a comprehensive index for Canada, which would integrate all components for an overall meaning of "socioeconomic status".
Table 2 List of new variables (Chan et al., 2015) created for analyses of components and their descriptors
An overall examination of the index for all of Canada shows a relatively normal distribution (median = 0.11, mean = 0.0, standard deviation = 0.58). However, an individual analysis of the distribution of indices within each province and territory per DA, according to the Canada wide index, yielded different results. Here, the SES index distribution for Canada was divided into quintiles and the number of DAs within each quintile per province and territory was investigated. (Additional file 5) Alberta showed increasing numbers of DAs within higher values of the SES index, while Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut showed greater numbers of DAs within lower values of the SES index. A chi-square test examining the distribution of DAs within each quintile of SES showed that it was not homogenous among provinces (Pearson chi-square = 2637.9, p < 0.001).
Furthermore, boxplots of the distribution of SES index by province and territory showed more obvious similarities and trends in outliers (Fig. 1). Here, all provinces are mostly grouped together, but Nunavut and the Northwest Territories show the majority of DAs are lower than the country's average SES index. The mean SES index for the rest of the provinces and territories was slightly above average, with the exception of Newfoundland and Labrador. Additionally, very obvious low SES index outliers were seen in Saskatchewan, British Columbia and Ontario.
Boxplot distribution of median SES index by province and territory (n = 13). Whiskers represent upper and lower range, while asterisks represent outliers. Bottom and top of boxes are the first and third quartiles, while the center line represents medians. (NL = Newfoundland and Labrador, PE = Prince Edward Island, NS = Nova Scotia, NB = New Brunswick, QC = Quebec, ON = Ontario, MB = Manitoba, SK = Saskatchewan, AB = Alberta, BC = British Columbia, YT = Yukon, NT = Northwest Territories, NU = Nunavut)
Validation of SES index
Prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and PM2.5 exposure
Lower quintiles in our SES index were significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with increasing prevalence of LBW, preterm birth and SGA in Edmonton (Fig. 2). This was corroborated with significantly lower mean SES indices for LBW (−0.227), preterm (−0.211) and SGA (−0.216) infants compared to normal weight (−0.138), term (−0.140) and appropriate for gestational age (−0.138) infants (p < 0.0001).
Comparison of the prevalence of low birth weight (panel a), preterm births (panel b), small for gestational age (panel c), and PM 2.5 exposures (panel d) according to Chan et al. and Pampalon et al. indices
Lower quintiles of our SES index were also significantly associated with higher exposure to PM2.5 (p < 0.0001) (Fig. 2).
Comparisons of our SES index and Pampalon's index
Both material and social components of Pampalon's deprivation indices behaved similarly to our SES index when examining prevalence of LBW, PTB and SGA and PM2.5 exposure (Fig. 2). However, there was a more consistent gradient in prevalence of LBW, preterm birth and SGA by quintile of our index compared to the Pampalon indices, more noticeable in the case of LBW (p < 0.0001 vs. p < 0.01). Conversely, there was a more consistent gradient in PM2.5 by quintile of the Pampalon material deprivation index compared to our index and the social deprivation index. Correlations between PM2.5 and the three indices were very similar (Chan index: r = −0.11, p < 0.0001, Pampalon Material index: r = −0.15, p < 0.0001, Pampalon Social index: r = −0.15, p < 0.0001).
Although our SES index is not the first to be developed for Canada, it likely reflects more fully the dimensions of SES in Canada for purposes of examining health outcomes from environmental pollution. While our index similarly includes aspects of social and material deprivation, it is novel in that we explored the contribution of: 1) age of homes as a proxy for age of neighbourhood which may in turn be an indicator of potential indoor environmental pollution; and 2) cultural identities with special attention to First Nations groups. Additionally, since our index is comprised of a single scale unlike the Pampalon indices, it is more easily communicated and better suited for presenting data directed toward studies investigating health outcomes and environmental pollution, for instance using maps.
More specifically, we examined the age of the homes as a proxy for the age of the neighbourhood. Older neighbourhoods more likely contain asbestos [14], lead paint [15] or increased indoor infiltration of fine outdoor particles [22]. Interestingly, age of the homes was not included in any of the three components for our SES index. This observation may be explained by Canada's relatively strong social programs, which may have weakened correlations between older homes and living in poverty as seen in the United States. For example, advances geared toward the development of newer government subsidized accommodations in an effort to decrease poverty have been in place with programs such as the Newfoundland and Labrador Poverty Reduction Strategy [28]. Another explanation may include a possible trend in Canada toward middle class or wealthy populations living in older, more established neighbourhoods and homes. This may also have diluted the relationship seen in the US between inhabiting older homes and living in poverty.
Cultural differences were strongly evident with our SES index. Our index differs from Matheson et al.'s "Can-Marg" in that they utilized visible minority and recent immigration status (within 5 years). We grouped cultural origins by examining "ethnic origins", which takes into account the ancestry of the Canadian population. This may be a more accurate indication of ethnicity, as recent immigration has mostly been from skilled workers from China, who generally have higher SES [29]. This effect was illustrated in the "Can-Marg" index, where ethnicity was positively associated with better health outcomes and more healthy behaviours [7]. We also examined "visible minority" and "recent immigration" in the development of our index (data not shown), and these variables were not associated with any of our components. This pattern was also seen in attempts to include ethnicity through "recent immigration" or "visible minorities" by Jerrett et al. [17]. Thus, by utilizing "ethnic origins", we may be able to overcome this potential characteristic of the population. Inclusion of aboriginal groups with HDI categories in our index was novel. As 4 % of Canada's population (1.2 million people) in 2006, aboriginal groups in Canada represent the second largest population in a country internationally [30]. Although there is a large population of aboriginals living in Canada (5 % in Alberta, 14 % in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, 85 % in Nunavut, 51 % in the Northwest Territories, 23 % in the Yukon) [30], this variable interestingly did not appear in any of the three components of our SES index. Historically, aboriginal groups (especially in First Nations communities) have low response to the Census and this may be a source of bias in that this population's responses may be missing. Nonetheless, aboriginal identity is important to consider because aboriginal families are more likely to experience poverty than the overall population of Canada [30]. For example, those with aboriginal cultural identities are more likely than other Canadians to consist of single parent families (50 % of children in census metropolitan areas) [30]. Another explanation for the lack of aboriginal cultural identities contributing to any of the three components of our SES index may include dilution of the relationship with variables associated with poverty, as there may be different definitions of social and economic advantages for aboriginals living in Northern Canada, where aboriginals comprise a large proportion of the population (Yukon: 25 %, NWT: 50.3 %, Nunavut: 83.6 % in 2006). The aspects of "wealth" and "deprivation" could easily be obscured in these areas, as the attainment of education or even the use of a vehicle in comparison to other forms of transportation may be influenced by traditional forms of living.
Because the index is novel, it was important to test its validity against an extensively used index, the Pampalon deprivation index, exploring an outcome for which associations with SES are well documented such as adverse birth outcomes and exposure to PM2.5. Adverse birth outcomes with low SES relationships are a heavily researched area and our results showing increasing prevalence of PTB, LBW, and SGA with lower SES corroborate what has been published previously [23, 24]. Additionally, we observed a more consistent gradient of the occurrence of the outcomes with lower values of our index compared to the Pampalon index, while the reverse was true for PM2.5 exposures during pregnancy. We established the validity of our index based on several evaluative criteria: 1) demonstrated similar findings to those reported in the literature showing correlations between SES and adverse birth outcomes; 2) showed potential for supporting our hypothesis of environmental injustice in Canada by demonstrating associations of low index values with increased PM2.5 exposure; and 3) showed similar, but stronger findings in comparison with an older index. A clear advantage of our index is that it consists of a single value and is therefore simpler to interpret. A limitation to our index is that while a single value may be useful for easier interpretation, the Pampalon index would allow for independent analyses of material and social deprivation for public health policy and intervention purposes. However, another advantage to utilizing our index is that a background in using past indices such as the Townsend index for interpretation of the Pampalon index is also not required. A limitation of working with indices based on Census data in Canada is the lower number of variables collected in the most recent Census [31]. It is also assumed that SES will be stable over time, serving as a proxy in population based studies using data from other years.
We focussed our efforts on the development of a national index for Canada for purposes of investigating health outcomes and environmental pollution. We found that it performed superiorly to an earlier index in capturing gradients in prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We intend to use this index to investigate environmental injustice in Canada by applying aggregated geospatial analysis techniques to examine associations of SES and industrial chemical emissions and the incidence of childhood cancer and other pediatric health outcomes in Canada. Lastly, this new index has the potential to enable a better assessment of SES inequalities in a variety of health outcomes related to environmental pollution in Canada at the DA level.
Statistics Canada (Health Division). A review of national health surveys in Canada, 1978–1987. In: Health Reports-Prototype. Statistics Canada: Ottawa; 1988. P. 28–50. Cat. No. 82–003-XPE.
Canada S. Canadian Community Health survey profiles. 2003. Available from: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82–576–x/82–576–x2005001–eng.htm (Accessed November 2011).
Pampalon R, Hamel D, Gamache P, et al. A deprivation index for health planning in Canada. Chronic Dis Can. 2009;29:178–91.
Communities and Local Government. The English Indices of Deprivation 2010. In: Neighbourhoods Statistical Release. Department for Communities and Local Government: London; 2011. P. 2–20
Benach J, Yasui Y, Borrell C, et al. The public health burden of material deprivation: excess mortality in leading causes of death in Spain. Preventative Med. 2003;36:300–8.
Tello JE, Jones J, Bonizzato P, et al. A census-based socioeconomic status (SES) index as a tool to examine the relationship between mental health services use and deprivation. Soc Sciences Med. 2005;61:2096–105.
Matheson FI, Dunn JR, Smith KL, et al. Development of the Canadian Marginaliztion Index: A new tool for the study of health inequality. Can J Public Health. 2014;103:S12–6.
Townsend P, Phillipmore P, Beattie A. Health and deprivation: inequality and the North. Health Policy. 1998;10:207.
Institute of Medicine. Toward environmental justice: research, education, and health policy needs. DC: Institute of Medicine, Committee on Environmental Justice, Health Sciences Policy Program, Health Sciences Section. National Academy Press: Washington, DC; 1999.
Statistics Canada. CANSIM. Available from: http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/home-accueil?lang=eng. (Accessed February 2012).
Canada S. Census of Canada. 2011. Available from: http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/index-eng.cfm. (Accessed February 2012).
Canada S. Census Dictionary. 2014. Available from: http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/ref/dict/geo021-eng.cfm. (Accessed August 2014).
United Nations Development Program. Human Development Report 2010. United Nations Development Programme: New York; 2010.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestos: Asbestos in Your Home. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/ashome.html. (Accessed July 2011).
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Indoor Air Quality/Residences: Lead Based Paint. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/homes/hip-lead.html. (Accessed November 2012).
Jerrett M, Eyles J, Coles D, et al. Environmental equity in Canada: an empirical investigation into the income distribution of pollution in Ontario. Environ Plan A. 1997;29:1777–800.
Jerret M, Burnett RT, Kanaroglou P, et al. A GIS-environment justice analysis of particulate air pollution in Hamilton, Canada. Environ Plan A. 2001;33:955–73.
Premji S, Bertrand F, Smargiassi A, et al. Socioeconomic correlates of municiple-level pollution emissions on Montreal Island. Can J Public Health. 2007;98:138–42.
Daniels G. Spatial inequality and the distribution of industrial toxic releases: evidence from the 1990 TRI. Soc Scie Quarterly. 1990;80:244–61.
Perlin SA, Sexton K, Wong DWS. An examination of race and poverty for populations living near industrial sources of air pollution. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1999;29–48.
Mohai P, Lantz PM, Morenoff J, et al. Racial and socioeconomic disparities in residential proximity to polluting industrial facilities: evidence from the American's Changing Lives Study. Am J Public Health. 2009;99:1–16.
Hystad PU et al. Modeling residential fine particulate matter infiltration for expsoure assessment. Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2009;19:570–9.
Liu N, Wen SW, Katherine W, et al. Neighbourhood family income and adverse birth outcomes among singleton deliveries. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2010;32:1042–8.
Blumenshine P, Egeter S, Barclay CJ, et al. Socioeconomic disparities in adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review. Am J Preventative Med. 2010;39:263–72.
Gray SC, Edwards SE, Miranda ML. Race, socioeconomic status, and air pollution exposure in North Carolina. Environ Res. 2013;126:152–8.
Beckerman BS, Jerrett M, Serre M, et al. A hybrid approach to estimating national scale spatiotemporal variability of PM2.5 in the contiguous United States. Environ Sci Technol. 2013;47:7233–41.
Institut National de Sante Publique, http://www2.inspq.qc.ca/santescope/indicedefavoeng.asp?NoIndD=2&Lg=en.
Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Poverty Profile, Canada without Poverty,"Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Poverty Profile" (2013), Retrieved from http://www.cwp-csp.ca/wpcontent/uploads/2012/05/Newfoundland-Poverty-Progress-Profile-FINAL-.pdf.
Migration Policy Institute. Canada's Immigration Policy: a Focus on Human Capital. Available from: http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/canadas-immigration-policy-focus-human-capital (Accessed February 2015).
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Statistics Canada. 2011 Canadian Census of Population. Available from: http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/gen/2011-census-recencement-eng.cfm. (Accessed June 2015).
We would like to thank Bernard Beckerman (University of California, Berkeley, United States) for providing PM2.5 data, and Dr. Walter Omariba and Michael Tjepkema (Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada) for assistance in accessing pregnancy outcome data.
Funding was provided by: 1) a Collaborative Health Research Grant from the National Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canadian Institute of Health Research; 2) the Queen Elizabeth II Scholarship, Medical Sciences Graduate Student Award, and 3) the 75th Anniversary Graduate Student Award, ERTG.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Emily Chan & Alvaro Osornio-Vargas
School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Jesus Serrano
Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Li Chen
Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Vancouver, Canada
David M. Stieb
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Michael Jerrett
Emily Chan
Alvaro Osornio-Vargas
Correspondence to Alvaro Osornio-Vargas.
EC contributed to study design, data acquisition, data analysis, and drafting the manuscript. JS carried out statistical analyses. LC and DS contributed to pregnancy outcome data acquisition and statistical analyses. DS and MJ participated in helping draft the manuscript. AOV participated in the design of the study, coordination and helped draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Descriptive table of general characteristics of all birth outcomes in Edmonton. * In accordance with Statistics Canada disclosure rules, all frequencies were randomly rounded to base five, but percentages are based on unrounded data.
Factor loadings (*100) for Canada and its provinces and territories (n=13) corresponding to Component 1. (AB=Alberta, BC=British Columbia, SK=Saskatchewan, MB=Manitoba, ON=Ontario, QB=Quebec, NB=New Brunswick, NS=Nova Scotia, PEI=Prince Edward Island, NFL=Newfoundland, YK=Yukon, NV=Nunavut, NWT=Northwest Territories).
Distribution of the percentage of DAs within each quintile of Canada wide SES index according to province and territory (p < 0.001 using Pearson chi-square), absolute numbers of DAs are indicated in brackets. (AB=Alberta, BC=British Columbia, MB=Manitoba, NB=New Brunswick, NL=Newfoundland and Labrador, NS=Nova Scotia, NT=Northwest Territories, NU=Nunavut, ON=Ontario, PE=Prince Edward Island, QC=Quebec, SK=Saskatchewan, YT=Yukon).
Chan, E., Serrano, J., Chen, L. et al. Development of a Canadian socioeconomic status index for the study of health outcomes related to environmental pollution. BMC Public Health 15, 714 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1992-y
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1992-y


text:
Q: How to change the column order in a pandas dataframe when there are too many columns? I have a large pandas dataframe that contains many columns.
I would like to change the order of the columns so that only a subset of them appears first. I dont care about the ordering of the rest (and there are too many variables to list them all)
For instance, if my dataframe is like this
a b c d e f g h i
5 8 7 2 1 4 1 2 3
1 4 2 2 3 4 1 5 3

I would like to specify a subset of the columns
mysubset=['d','f'] and reorder the dataframe such that
the order of the columns is now
d,f,a,b,c,e,g,h,i
Is there a way to do that in a panda-esque way?

A: You could use a column mask:
>>> mysubset = ["d","f"]
>>> mask = df.columns.isin(mysubset)
>>> pd.concat([df.loc[:,mask], df.loc[:,~mask]], axis=1)
   d  f  a  b  c  e  g  h  i
0  2  4  5  8  7  1  1  2  3
1  2  4  1  4  2  3  1  5  3

or use sorted:
>>> mysubset = ["d","f"]
>>> df[sorted(df, key=lambda x: x not in mysubset)]
   d  f  a  b  c  e  g  h  i
0  2  4  5  8  7  1  1  2  3
1  2  4  1  4  2  3  1  5  3

which works because x not in mysubset will be False for d and f, and False < True.

A: I usually do something like this:
mysubset = ['d', 'f']
othercols = [c for c in df.columns if c not in mysubset]
df = df[mysubset+othercols]

A: use a multi-index to do that :
priority=[ 0 if x in {'d','f'} else 1 for x in df.columns]
newdf=df.T.set_index([priority,df.columns]).sort_index().T

Then you have :
In [3]: newdf
Out[3]:
   0     1
   d  f  a  b  c  e  g  h  i
0  2  4  5  8  7  1  1  2  3
1  2  4  1  4  2  3  1  5  3

A: To move an entire subset of columns, you could do this:
#!/usr/bin/python

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

dates = pd.date_range('20130101',periods=6)
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(6,4),index=dates,columns=list('ABCD'))
print df
cols = df.columns.tolist()
print cols
mysubset = ['B','D']
for idx, item in enumerate(mysubset):
    cols.remove(item)
    cols.insert(idx, item)
print cols
df = df[cols]
print df

Here I moved B and D first and let the others trailing. Output:
                   A         B         C         D
2013-01-01  0.905122 -0.004839 -0.697663 -1.307550
2013-01-02  0.651998 -1.092546  0.594493  0.341066
2013-01-03  0.355832 -0.840057  0.016989  0.377502
2013-01-04 -0.544407  0.826708 -0.889118  0.871769
2013-01-05  0.190630  0.717418  1.325479 -0.882652
2013-01-06  2.730582  0.195908 -0.657642  1.606263
['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']
['B', 'D', 'A', 'C']
                   B         D         A         C
2013-01-01 -0.004839 -1.307550  0.905122 -0.697663
2013-01-02 -1.092546  0.341066  0.651998  0.594493
2013-01-03 -0.840057  0.377502  0.355832  0.016989
2013-01-04  0.826708  0.871769 -0.544407 -0.889118
2013-01-05  0.717418 -0.882652  0.190630  1.325479
2013-01-06  0.195908  1.606263  2.730582 -0.657642

For more, read this answer.

A: a=list('abcdefghi')
b=list('dfabceghi')
ind = pd.Series(range(9),index=b).reindex(a)
df.sort_index(axis=1,inplace=True,key=lambda x:ind)

The benefit of the above approach is inplace=True , and costs lower memory and time when df is a large dataframe.
If your dataframe is in common shape:
df.filter(b)

may be more pythonic.


How to make quick and easy bookmarks using your fabric scraps - Stop staring and start sewing!
I'm so thrilled to finally have something quick and useful to make with my scraps! I bought some Pellon 72 stabilizer to try on some projects and really didn't like the way it made the fabric look rumply. Fortunately it was only a yard so I set it aside but kept it in the back of my mind. Then this bookmark idea hit me and the Pellon 72 is the perfect medium for this project so now I'm very happy with it. It's an incredibly quick project and cute as can be so it's great for little gifts and you can even make tiny versions to go with my Petite Planner Cover tutorial.
Iron your fabrics to each side of the Pellon with the right sides of the fabric facing outward (see the pictures below for the version without eyelets since the process is a little different).
Here's how it will look on both sides.
If you're making one without the eyelet, fold your ribbon and tuck the folded edge into the top between the fabric and the pellon (make sure it's more than 1/4" inch down so your top stitch will sew through the ribbon).
Press in place with your iron.
Now stitch all the way around your bookmark (both versions) 1/4" from the edge.
Use your rotary cutter to trim the edges so they are clean and even.
Install your eyelet and thread your ribbon through. My favorite tool for that is my new Crop-a-dile but there are oodles of tools for this and you may already have something else that works for you.
Here are examples of the two different versions.
Make oodles of them! Use them yourself or give them as gifts! Stuff stockings with them or tuck them in a birthday card! Just do it.
Let me know if you make some and be sure to share pictures on Instagram using the hashtag #fabtasticbookmark. Keep on sewing!


Take to the mountains in comfort and style in Pearl Izumi's Big Air Jersey. Its long sleeves add protection and its open mesh fabric transfers heat and moisture. This comfortable V-neck collar jersey also includes a sunglasses wipe sewn in so you can keep your vision clear for the trail ahead.


Phelpsgroup has experience throughout the not-for-profit sector. We have partnered with many organizations, and have helped them find the candidates they need to face the specific challenges this sector encounters, from increased complexity and scrutiny to rising stakeholder expectations to intense competition for funding and dramatic changes in revenue streams. Phelpsgroup's depth of experience, coupled with our personalized service, systematic and rigorous approach and commitment to integrity and accountability make us the perfect search partner for not-for-profit organizations.


Cooking is a lifelong skill that has many benefits for everyone involved.
It is never too early to teach young children the ins and outs of the kitchen. Having kids help in the kitchen may add time, but it's time well spent.
Chopping, mixing and measuring can lead to a variety of learning experiences. It's a great reason to spend quality time with everyone in the family that will leave children excited about eating healthier, all while creating fond memories.
Brings families together: Cooking time is ultimately a chance to open up dialogue with kids. It is an opportunity to get to know what is going on in everyone's lives. Communication is key as children grow in to their teenage years.
Learn basic cooking skills: Cooking is a basic skill everyone should know how to do, just like riding a bike, reading a book or driving a car. Time flies by fast. Soon children will be off on their own and in charge of feeding themselves. Many college students have no idea what to do in the kitchen, which could lead to eating out, excessive spending and unhealthy habits.
Teaches the importance of healthy eating: Grace Derocha, registered dietitian, certified diabetes educator and health coach at Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan, states that cooking together can teach the family to enjoy healthier options, which means children are significantly more likely to carry healthy eating habits with them into their adulthood. Incorporating fruits and vegetables in new recipes is a great way to teach little ones about diet and nutrition.
Can help with picky eaters: When children use their own hands to make the food that is prepared, they are much more likely to eat it. This is a great way to incorporate new, healthy recipes into a child's diet. Studies show that it takes 10-15 exposures before a person develops a liking to that food.
Develops life skills: Successfully making a delicious recipe will allow kids to feel a sense of accomplishment. It is a great way to build self-esteem, which will carry over into other aspects of their lives. Cooking doesn't just teach children what to do in the kitchen, it allows them to learn problem solving, organizational skills, how to plan, cleanliness habits and teamwork.
Creates memories that last a lifetime: The experiences that are shared over a mess in the kitchen are memories that cannot be created anywhere else. While in the kitchen, traditions can be passed down through each generation in a family. Every family has a hectic schedule. Allow cooking time to be a place to connect with one another, share stories and form memories that you can cherish forever.


text:
Александрийски музейон () е религиозен, научен, учебен и културен център в Александрия от елинистическата епоха; храм на музите. Основан в началото на III век пр.н.е. при царуването на Птолемей I по инициатива на Деметрий Фалерски и получавал държавна издръжка. В състава му влиза храмът Серапеум и обширната Александрийска библиотека, създадена в същия период. Учените, сътрудници на музейона, се занимавали с натурфилософия, математика, астрономия, география, медицина, теория на музиката, лингвистика и други науки. Културната и религиозна роля на музейона се запазва и по времето на римското владичество. При храма възниква течението неоплатонизъм, в което култът към музите играе съществена роля. Музейонът е единственият античен храм на музите, който съществува непрекъснато не по-малко от 800 години. През III век неговите жреци-учени се противопоставят на Александрийската школа и с напредването на християнизацията на Римската империя музейонът загубва научните си функции и остава само култово учреждение. Закрит е през 391 г. с указ на император Теодосий I. Последният учен, известен по име, е Теон Александрийски, починал около 405 г. Има свидетелства, че на мястото му в Александрия през 530-е години са се провеждали състезания на ритори и поети.

Източници

История на Александрия
Музеология


Status .....Seems to have a restricted range in Nottinghamshire, with the majority of records coming from Sherwood Forest and Eakring. Has also been recorded from urban Nottingham.
The records for the Nottinghamshire distribution map are currently provided by the following contributors - Trevor and Dilys Pendleton. Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust. Tim Sexton. Wil Heeney. Martin Gray. Lound Moth Group.