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For many decades of the twentieth century, American physicians both recommended and presumed consent for routine infant circumcision. However, the American Academy of Pediatrics sharply revised its policy position in 1999 to hold that circumcision was strictly a cultural and/or religious consideration with no medical bias for or against. A decade later, the AAP again revised its policy position in 2012 citing two medical benefits—reduced risk of UTIs for the first year of life and reduced risk of STIs later in adulthood. (There may also be an indirect reduction in risk of penile cancer due to a reduced risk of HPV, but there is now a male HPV vaccine). However, the data only showed that the statistical benefit was greater than the statistical risk of the procedure. Therefore, infant circumcision was categorized as an acceptable medical procedure, but the data were not strong enough to medically recommend the procedure.
I would also add that circumcision does greatly reduce (but not completely eliminate) the risk of balanitis caused by yeast overgrowth, though yeast infections are easily avoided by daily cleansing of the foreskin and glans when bathing. Circumcision also eliminates the risk of phimosis and paraphimosis but both of these conditions can also be treated by preputioplasty which is a small incision made into the foreskin to make the opening larger. On the other hand, circumcision carries its own risks. Too much skin might be removed causing a buried penis, and circumcision scars can rarely require surgical revision later in life to remediate problems achieving a full erection. Very rarely, a physician performing the circumcision catastrophically damages the infant's penis by negligence or defective instrument (clamp, plastibel, etc).
Proponents of circumcision often advocate the practice as a hygienic aid and a means of improving an adult man's coital stamina, but both of these arguments are tenuous and strained. The same hygiene logic could (but never would) be applied to females so it is unclear why it is so necessary for males. As for UTI/STI prophylaxis, this argument is an equally difficult justification as the prevention is disproportionate to the risk. By way of example, every person carries a risk of developing bothersome tonsillitis and life-threatening appendicitis, but no one would perform prophylactic tonsillectomies and appendectomies just to avoid that statistically low risk later in life. And, of course, STI/STD rates have much more to do with risky behaviors than with circumcision.
The American obsession with circumcision probably has a great deal to do with the legacy of puritanical prudishness. Starting in the mid- to late-1800s and lasting about a century, male circumcision was accepted and prescribed by physicians as a treatment for excessive masturbation. This, of course, belies the dark side of circumcision as reducing the quality of a man's sexual experience.
The penile foreskin consists of two parts, epidermis and mucosa, which is the same at one's oral labia (lips). The point at which the skin color and texture changes from epidermis to mucosa is the mucocutaneous juncture and is also found on the eyelids, vaginal labia, and anus. The glans (or penis head) is covered by mucosa, not epidermis. Removing the foreskin exposes this mucosa to chaffing and drying which keratinizes the glans mucosa making it tougher and less sensitive. Opponents of circumcision argue that this reduces nerve sensitivity (which explains how circumcision is said to increase coital stamina). The circumcised penis also looses its skin sheath and thus makes masturbation less functional (in other words, the uncircumcised penis is free to move about in its skin sheath and does not require lubricant for masturbation).
Infant circumcision is very different form adult circumcision. Just as females are born with hymens, the foreskin of the male infant is adhered to the glans by a membrane. The penile membrane will naturally dissolve on its own by puberty, but for infant circumcision it must be forcibly broken. Until the AAP's 1999 policy statement calling for the use of anesthetic, most practitioners performed circumcisions without anesthesia and many still do not inject anesthesia to this day. As is narrated and demonstrated in the video links below, infant circumcision begins by strapping the infant's arms and legs into a special cradle. A local anesthesia might or might not be injected into the penis. Scissors then forcibly stretch the hole to enable a probe to be inserted which then destroys the membrane. An incision is made into the foreskin and a clamp is applied to crush the skin. The crushing action fuses the skin together and usually prevents bleeding. The foreskin is then trimmed with a scalpel and the clamp is removed. Post-procedure care calls for massive application of petroleum jelly for several weeks to protect the penis from feces and urine as it heals.
Since the size of the adolescent/adult penis cannot be foreknown, how much foreskin to remove during Infant circumcision is something of a guess. If too much skin is removed, the adolescent/adult male will develop a "buried penis" meaning that his erections cannot achieve full extension because the remaining shaft skin is too short. This is not a concern if too little skin is removed, but the adolescent/adult male may be displeased with the appearance and might choose to have it surgically revised. Infant circumcision also does not generally remove the ventral frenulum which is a narrow band of tissue that attaches just below the urethral meatus (pee hole). Since the frenulum is not removed, both the circumcised and uncircumcised male may turn out to have frenulum breve ("short frenulum") which causes the penis head to curve downward. This is easily corrected by an in-office frenulotomy which involves placing a few dissolvable sutures that will cause the frenulum to detach within two to three weeks.
Circumcision opponents focus on the anatomical structures of the penis. They point out that the preputial skin is different than other skin and is very densely populated with specialized nerve endings. The prepuce also contains lightly contractile Dartos fascia which is what naturally causes the foreskin to return to its forward position to protect the glans mucosa from friction and irritation. The glans mucosa will thus retain its natural color, texture, and sensitivity throughout the male's life. Also, since the penis is free to move longitudinally within its skin sheath, lubrication is unnecessary to enjoy masturbation. Furthermore, the longitudinal movement within the sheath aids in retaining vaginal lubrication within the vaginal canal during intercourse.
Male circumcision is not unique to Western civilization. Several Amerindian cultures, for example, were documented by the Spanish explorers to engage in various forms of foreskin modification ranging from piercing to gauging. Western Judeo-Christian culture largely cites Abraham's circumcision of himself, his son, and his servants in Genesis 17:9-14. However, another instructive passage can be found in Joshua 5:2-12 where a population-wide adult circumcision occurred. What is interesting about the Joshua passage is that it speaks of "roll[ing] away" their shame. Modern adult circumcision is performed quite differently from infant circumcision. Adults can be circumcised at the foreskin or a the base of the penis (the latter pulls the foreskin back along the penile shaft but leaves it and all of its nerve endings intact). For adults, however, either way requires considerable and careful suturing because unlike infants, adult males get raging nocturnal erections that can tear sutures and rip the wound open. Simply bandaging the adult penis without sutures would not heal well and would produce massive scarring. For these reasons, I don't believe that the Old Testament passages referred to circumcision as we know it today. Instead, I believe that the "roll[ing] away" describes cutting the ventral frenulum which would allow the foreskin and the sheath to actually roll behind the coronal sulcus (the ridge) and remain there. Medically, this would treat any genetic predispositions for frenulum breve and hygienically, it would avoid balanitis as the Israelites roamed the wilderness without regular bathing. But even then, in the Jewish tradition Mohels generally do not remove nearly as much skin during a brit milah as is removed in a modern medical circumcision.
The Catholic church has long advocated circumcision—particularly in the Americas—as a means of bringing sanctity to the "sinful" member. This doctrine draws a parallel between the Jewish covenant of circumcision and the Christian rite of baptism as if circumcision is a rite that brings special redemption to the penis. The Apostle Paul, however, wrote in 1 Corinthians 7:17-20 that circumcision was irrelevant to salvation: 'Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing. Keeping God's commands is what counts. Each person should remain in the situation they were in when God called them.' (However, Paul did previously advise Timothy to be circumcised in Acts 16:3 due to the hostility of area Jews who might otherwise reject Timothy's preaching). Today, however, some of the Catholic clergy is coming around and speaking against modern circumcision!
Superstition is probably the biggest driver of infant circumcision in the USA, but economics would be a close second. Physicians get paid for performing the procedure, insurers pay for the procedure, a surprising amount of foreskin tissue is collected in hospitals and is sold for medical research and/or use in cosmetics. But outside of the USA, some jurisdictions have even passed legislation banning hospital circumcision to get away from the economic pressures as this Australian 60-Minutes story (below) points out.
Circumcision is a one-way street and as more than 99% of all circumcisions are performed in infancy, circumcised adults have no frame of reference to qualify their sexual satisfaction with the procedure. There are, however, various internet accounts of men who underwent elective circumcision in adolescence or adulthood as in this vice.com piece reporting the stories of four men who underwent adult circumcision.
As one who is not circumcised I can say that I am extremely happy to have 100% of my anatomy. I twice considered circumcision, once when I was eight or nine years old and again at eighteen or nineteen. The first time I declined the procedure because of pain; the second time I decided against it because I found a certain pride in remaining in my natural state…the way God created me, if you will. Much later I came to fully understand the deeper sexual enjoyment of not being circumcised and not only am I thankful that I did not choose circumcision, but I also would not have it any other way. As an adult, I once asked my mother why I had not been circumcised and I was very surprised by the answer. She said that she wanted to circumcise so that I would be like the other boys but my father turned it into a huge fight/battle/war (and I'm thankful that he did). I knew my father was not circumcised but I also asked my paternal grandfather about it and found out that not only was he not circumcised, but neither his father nor his grandfather. That meant that I could trace the non-circumcision at least five generations and I was all the more proud to continue the tradition. When I see the opportunity, I advocate against infant circumcision by explaining my happiness and pride in being fully intact. For those mothers who want their boys to be like other boys in appearance, I suggest explaining to their sons that they should be proud to have 100% of their anatomy and that the other boys should be embarrassed to have had theirs surgically altered. And for the fathers who want their sons to be like other boys I would point out that not being circumcised has actually led to sexual encounters on various occasions simply because my partner had never been with an intact man before.
As I mused in another post, it would be interesting to know what percentage of "pro-choice" individuals apply that same freedom of choice when it comes to infant circumcision. The problem as I see it is that parents are ignorant of the facts of circumcision. These videos will help educate the willing reader on the topic of circumcision.
One Mother's Deliberation on Circumcising Her Son
Canadian Ladies of TwentySomething TV Discussing Uncircumcised Partners
60-Minutes (Australia)
The Doctors (TV Show) Discussing Circumcision
Samuel Kunin (M.D. & Mohel) Performing Infant Circumcision (with anesthesia)
Unknown Practitioner Performing Infant Circumcision (without anesthesia)
Ryan McAllister, Ph.D. – Child Circumcision: An Elephant In the Hospital
Anatomy & Physiology of the Foreskin
CategoriesCircumcision, English Tagscircumcision, culture, gender & sexuality
One Reply to "Circumcision Fiction"
vox says:
2020-07-30 at 10:30 CST
It turns out that penile cancer risk is not increased in uncircumcised men who practice good routine hygiene: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/penile-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html.
And here's a very candid account of one woman's experiences with both penis versions: https://www.bustle.com/articles/146750-how-circumcised-vs-uncircumcised-penises-affect-sex-from-a-woman-whos-known-many-uncut-men.
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Taku Okazaki unravels the undocumented Windows interface which the V86 MMGR uses to take over the page tables belonging to a 386 expanded-memory manager.
Taku Okazaki ("taQ") is a freelance programmer in the suburbs of Tokyo. He has worked on software for the NEC PC-980x series. You can contact Taku on NIFTY:CXB00750 ([email protected]) or on CompuServe at 100213,3351.
I have received a lot of requests for information about an obscure undocumented interface that goes under a variety of names--the Windows/386 Paging Import specification, the Global EMM Import specification, V86MMGR Paging Import, Paging Import/Export specification, and even Paging Import Services specification, to name a few.
As Taku explains this month, this interface is what the V86MMGR (Virtual-8086 Memory Manager) virtual device driver (VxD) in Windows Enhanced mode uses to take over the page tables belonging to a 386 expanded memory manager (EMM) such as EMM386, QEMM, 386MAX, or Helix NetRoom. The page tables include not only expanded memory, but also XMS (extended memory) and UMBs (upper memory blocks).
Perhaps one reason there's so much interest in this interface is that Microsoft's Windows Device Driver Kit (DDK) mentions it in passing. For example, the description of the _AddFreePhysPage service provided by the Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) says "the V86MMGR device adds any unused physical pages it finds when using the Global EMM Import function of a 386 LIMulator" (a LIMulator is a paging EMM driver, and the term "Global EMM" refers to the fact that the EMM was present before Windows loaded and is therefore visible in all virtual machines). Similarly, the documentation for the V86MMGR_GetPgStatus service refers to "paging import from a LIMulator/UMBulator" (an UMBulator--ridiculous name!--is a paging XMS driver). Naturally, avid readers of the DDK wonder what these passing remarks refer to.
Microsoft has a document ("Windows/386 Paging Import Specification") available to a select number of memory-manager vendors, although at least one vendor, Novell, was unable to get the latest (Version 1.11) revision of the specification. Consequently, Novell had to "DIY" (do it yourself), at least according to an engineer at Novell's European Development Centre in Hungerford, England.
Taku's EMMIMP program (available electronically, see page 3) simply dumps out the EMM import structure in a readable form. The V86MMGR device in Windows actually uses the structure to import an external-memory manager's page tables. V86MMGR calls the VMM _MapPhysToLinear service to access the 218Ch-byte EMM import structure, then processes the structure using VMM services like _PhysIntoV86, _AddFreePhysPage, _Assign_ Device_V86_Pages, and Set_Physical_HMA_Alias. These services are all documented in the DDK. Thus, the Global EMM Import is basically an undocumented interface that allows those with access to do something everyone else can do by writing a VxD.
If you have comments or suggestions for this column, please contact me on CompuServe in the Undocumented Corner area of the Dr. Dobb's CompuServe forum (GO DDJFORUM), where my ID is 76320,302.
Acouple of years ago, I wrote a piece of code for my NEC PC-9800 that jumped from real mode into protected mode, then came back in virtual 8086 (V86) mode. It did nothing but slow down the system, and only a system reset could get rid of it. It was effectively a V86 monitor. I started playing around with the program, adding bits of this and bytes of that. Soon I wasn't playing with it but working on it, and for the following months, quite a bit of my real work was compromised. In the end, I had a full-blown memory manager that supported EMS, XMS, UMB, BIOS ROM remapping, VCPI, and DPMI--almost everything a memory manager needs, with one exception: It couldn't run Windows.
Even though in Japan Windows is not as popular on the PC-9800 as on the PC, I knew that if I were going to sell my V86 memory manager, distribute it as shareware, or do anything else with that half-year's worth of work, my memory manager had to run Windows.
A V86 memory manager like mine runs at the most-privileged level (Ring 0) of protected mode. Windows Enhanced mode also wants to run in Ring 0. Only one program at a time can run in Ring 0, so when Windows starts up, the memory manager must give up control of protected mode.
The Windows DDK documents how Windows can take control of protected mode away from a memory manager. The memory manager can hook INT 2Fh; when Windows starts, it calls INT 2Fh function 1605h, and the memory manager can return the address of an "Enable/Disable Virtual 8086 Mode callback function" in DS:SI. Function 1605h is a very overloaded interface: You can also use it to tell Windows whether it can start up, to identify instance data (see "Undocumented Corner," DDJ, April 1994), and to identify virtual device drivers (VxDs) that need loading.
On startup, Windows calls the memory manager's V86 enable/disable function with AX=0. The memory manager switches the CPU from V86 mode into real mode. Windows can then enter protected mode. When Windows exits, it sets the CPU into real mode, and calls the function with AX=1. The memory manager then regains control of protected mode.
So all I needed to do was give my memory manager a mode-switch entry point, and return its address in DS:SI when Windows called INT 2Fh function 1605h. Easy! Now, did Windows run? Partially.
Everything looked okay, except there were no upper memory blocks (UMBs) and no expanded memory (EMS) in the DOS box, even though they were there before Windows started! Why did they seem to disappear under Windows?
I should have expected this. A memory manager uses the 386 paging mechanism to create UMBs and virtual EMS. My memory manager knew which physical pages were used to do that, but I hadn't told any of this to Windows.
One way to carry over UMBs and EMS into Windows would be to use a VxD. But a simple experiment with Microsoft's memory manager, EMM386, showed that I didn't need a VxD. The VxD associated with EMM386 is embedded right inside EMM386.EXE, so if I booted with EMM386 installed and then temporarily renamed EMM386.EXE, Windows wouldn't be able to load the VxD. If the EMM386.EXE file is missing, EMM386 will tell Windows (via INT 2Fh function 1605h, of course) not to load. However, when I created a dummy file named EMM386.EXE that didn't contain the requisite VxD, Windows still started. Furthermore, EMS and the UMBs were in the DOS box.
A VxD by itself was not essential to carrying over EMS and UMBs to Windows, but what was? Searching for documentation was futile, but reverse engineering revealed an undocumented interface between memory managers and Windows that is responsible for carrying over EMS/UMB to Windows. The interface, as I later found out, is called the "Global EMM Import Specification."
The interface itself is relatively simple. When the V86MMGR (V86 Memory Manager) VxD in Windows 386 Enhanced mode starts up, it generates an IOCTL read to "EMMXXXX0", the EMS device, which returns the physical address of a block of memory; see Figure 1. This block of memory is called the "EMM import structure" and contains information Windows can use to take over the memory manager's page tables and support its own virtual EMS/XMS/UMB drivers.
Figure 2 shows the layout of the EMM import structure; Listing One is the EMM import as a set of C structures. The EMM import is described in more detail in EMMIMP.H, available electronically; see "Availability," page 3.
The structure starts with a header, which includes one of three version numbers. Version 1.00 does not support information on UMBs or XMS free memory; 1.10 does; and 1.11 supplies UMB and XMS information plus the memory manager's vendor and product names. Windows 3.1 can handle all versions, but Windows 3.0 could handle only 1.00. Memory managers handed UMBs over to Windows 3.0 through VxDs.
Frame descriptors provide Windows with a snapshot of memory status below 1 megabyte. There are 64 frame descriptors, one for each 16K of memory (a frame). A 386 page is 4K, so each frame represents four pages. In Figure 2, "Type" indicates either a normal frame, an EMS page frame, or a frame containing a UMB. For an EMS page frame, "Physical Page #" is the EMS physical page number, and "Handle #" and "Logical Page #" are the EMS handle and logical page numbers mapped to the frame, respectively. For a UMB frame, the "Handle #" instead acts as an index into UMB frame descriptors. A UMB descriptor contains four physical page numbers of a UMB frame.
The Pagemap Physical Address field of an EMS descriptor holds the physical address of an array of 386 page-table values, describing which physical pages are owned by the EMS handle.
The Global EMM Import structure also supplies the real-mode INT 67h vector so that Windows can install a V86 breakpoint. Windows replaces the first byte of the real-mode INT 67h handler with an ARPL instruction (63h). When a program calls the INT 67h handler, an Illegal Opcode Exception (INT 6) is generated, so Windows can trap these calls.
The HMA page table physical address in Figure 2 points to a table of 386 page-table values that make up the Higher Memory Area (HMA). This table is necessary when HMA consists of pages higher than 1MB+64KB. Windows adds these pages to its memory pool (via the VMM _AddFreePhysPage service) or calls Set_Physical_HMA_Alias for each page, depending on the value of Flag0 in the header.
Bit 0 of the Flag field in an XMS descriptor indicates whether or not the handle is allocated prior to Windows startup. If bit 0 is 1, then the handle is free, and Windows can use the handle for its XMS driver. If the memory manager itself handles XMS calls while Windows is running, this array could be empty.
Earlier, I stated that the EMM import structure address is returned by an IOCTL read to "EMMXXXX0". But what if this device does not exist? A memory manager with EMS disabled (such as EMM386 with "NOEMS" or QEMM with "EMS=NONE") does not install "EMMXXXX0" because EMS is not active. Instead, a device with a slightly different name ("EMMQXXX0" for EMM386 and QEMM, "QMMXXXX0" for 386MAX) is installed.
Windows does not try to IOCTL-read all these devices if it can't find "EMMXXXX0"; it issues the IOCTL-read to "EMMXXXX0" only. When memory managers receive a call to INT 2Fh function 1605h, they rename the device to "EMMXXXX0". The IOCTL-read to "EMMXXXX0" is issued afterwards, so Windows need not know the actual device name. Memory managers restore the no-EMS device name when INT 2Fh function 1606h (the Windows exit broadcast) is detected; see Table 1.
Issuing INT 2Fh AX=1605h and IOCTL-reading the "EMMXXXX0" device gives you the physical address to the EMM import structure. Simply hex-dumping the structure would most likely yield garbage, especially if you have not run Windows since your last boot.
The reason is simple: Memory managers don't set up the EMM import structure at the time of the IOCTL read or the INT 2Fh function 1605h call. They don't set up the structure until the disable V86-mode switch function is called. Why? Remember that the EMM import structure is supposed to be a snapshot of memory usage. It must reflect the status of memory just before Windows gets control of protected mode. Many programs intercept INT 2Fh, and memory managers are towards the end of the INT 2Fh chain (because they are one of the first installed in CONFIG.SYS). If the EMM import structure were setup at INT 2Fh, other programs could map EMS memory or allocate/free/resize EMS/XMS handles, all of which would make the structure stale. The same reasoning applies to IOCTL-read. Thus, to get the EMM import structure, we must call the memory manager's V86 enable/disable routine.
Call the V86 enable/disable routine with AX=0, to put the machine into real mode.
Immediately call the routine again with AX=1, to restore V86 mode.
EMMIMP is a DOS program that dumps the EMM import structure in a readable form. EMMIMP.C (Listing Two) basically emulates Windows' interaction with 386 memory managers.
The emulate_win_init and emulate_win_term routines in EMMIMP.C emulate INT 2Fh functions 1605h and 1606h, respectively . Emulate_win_init receives the parameter ver, which specifies the version of Windows it should pretend to be (300h for 3.0, 30Ah for 3.1). Emulate_win_init also returns the mode-switch entry-point address. Get_emm_imp_addr issues an IOCTL-read to "EMMXXXX0" to get the physical address of the EMM import structure. Switch_to_real and switch_to_prot handle calls to the mode-switch entry point. Note that some crucial registers are saved before calling the mode-switch entry point, since register preservation is not guaranteed across the call.
The EMM import structure is somewhere in extended memory, so for the EMMIMP (a real-mode program) to read it, the program must copy the structure to conventional memory. MOVEEXT.C (Listing Three) has three functions for the job: one for the PC (INT 15h function 87h), another for the NEC PC-9800 (INT 1Fh function 90h), and a third for 386MAX.
Figure 3 shows an excerpt of EMMIMP output when running under EMM386 Version 4.45. The output shows EMS and UMB frame descriptors. Frames 0x10 through 0x27 (4000:0--9C00:0) are large-frame EMS physical pages. Frames 0x32 through 0x37 (C800:0--DC00:0) are UMB frames with indexes into UMB descriptors. Frames 0x38 through 0x3b (E000:0--EC00:0) are EMS frames, with frame 0x38 mapped to EMS handle 1, page 1. The UMB descriptors show where the UMB memory comes from. For example, 16K of UMB memory at C800:0 (frame 0x37) has UMB descriptor index 0, which in turn shows that the frame maps into physical pages 120h through 123h.
There are two EMS handles: 0, the system handle; and 1, named "test." After each EMS handle is a dump of the page map, showing the memory owned by the handle. For example, logical page 0 of EMS handle 1 corresponds to pages 150h through 153h.
The free-page list shows pages not used by the memory manager while Windows is running. This is information you can't get using the EMS, XMS, or VCPI interface. In Figure 3, there are 52 free pages starting from 15Ch.
Just as with any memory manager, most of 386MAX's system code and data are in extended memory, but trying to copy them into conventional memory buffer with INT 15h function 87h won't work. 386MAX will either refuse to copy anything or (in the case of the EMM import structure) will fill the buffer with 0s.
One way to access the system area of 386MAX is to enter protected mode via VCPI. This involves setting up the GDT, IDT, and page tables--just to copy some bytes of extended memory. After switching the CPU into real mode to refresh the EMM import structure, you must directly enter protected mode. This, after all, is what Windows is doing, albeit on a much grander scale.
Using INT 15h function 87h won't work in real mode because 386MAX's INT 15h handler is in a UMB, which disappears in real mode. The move_ext_mem_real routine in Listing Three enters protected mode and copies memory. Since you don't do any far calls and interrupts are disabled, there is no need for code segments or an IDT. Only a GDT with a minimum of segments is created.
Table 1: Interaction of Windows and memory managers, (a) at Windows startup; (b) at Windows exit.
(a) INT 2Fh AX=1605h           Set device name to "EMMXXXX0".
IOCTL-read "EMMXXXX0"      Return physical address of EMM import structure.
Set CPU to real mode.
entry-point (AX=1)  Setup the EMM import structure.
INT 2Fh AX=1606h           Restore device name.
Figure 1: Getting the physical address of the EMM import structure.
Figure 2: Layout of the EMM import structure.
Figure 3: EMMIMP output on EMM386 (excerpt).


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India has a unique advantage in the digital manufacturing age
Home/Year/2019/Global Edition – September 2019/India has a unique advantage in the digital manufacturing age
by India Inc. Staff
Baba Kalyani is the Chairman and Managing Director of Bharat Forge, one of India's giants in the manufacturing space. In this interview with 'India Global Business', the doyen of Indian industry gives his insights into the future of digital manufacturing, electric mobility, telecommunications and much more.
How do you see Industry 4.0 impacting companies and sectors globally?
The advent of industry 4.0 era is characterized by a confluence of emerging technology breakthroughs from mobile connectivity, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality, advanced robotics, additive manufacturing, new materials among others. Companies across the spectrum are facing significant changes in products, processes, technology, and value-creation and thus are forced to revisit their business models. In my opinion, we can classify them into five broad categories of emerging trends that are beginning to impact the future of business, particularly in India and also world over –
Increasing penetration of digital technologies
Emergence and accelerated adoption of FinTech
Artificial Intelligence and its wide array of applications
Emergence of the Electric Mobility in Automotive especially 2Ws and 3Ws
Advanced Manufacturing and Industry 4.0 Processes
Not only are these trends impacting companies but leading to a new paradigm in the digital era which is partly responsible for the current day geo-politics, new trade norms, country strategies among others.
You referred to penetration of digital technologies; how do you see India adopting digital technologies?
Today, companies like Google and Microsoft are collaborating with the government of India in enhancing free internet access in public areas and remote locations of the country. Then, the launch of Reliance JIO clubbed with the influx of inexpensive smart phones from China/Korea has revolutionised the Indian telecommunications market. With 560 million internet subscribers in 2018, second only to China and, consuming approx. 8.3GB of data per month per user, India is digitising faster than any other country in the world. Data at affordable rates has enhanced accessibility and has been instrumental in driving social and financial inclusion across all strata of Indian society.
Globally, data prices have fallen over the last three years increasing data penetration or consumption. However, with the launch of Reliance JIO, the fall in data prices has been extremely steep in India; thus, resulting in quadrupling the data penetration and usage.
This is not widely spoken of but let me tell you, from time to time, countries re-model their economies and shift their growth trajectories. India, for example, over the last six to seven years has silently developed a digitally equipped, breakthrough, technological infrastructure that could potentially leave the rest of the world behind.
The Aadhar Project followed by the huge impetus given by the Narendra Modi government on "Banking for all", the Mobile Phone Revolution and the launch of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and India Stack have revolutionized the financial technologies landscape in India. Demonetisation has propelled adoption of digital payments in India, now reckoned to be the largest user base anywhere in the world, which has in turn created a slew of new-age companies in the technology, banking and financial services space. Paytm is one such example which is now not just limited to India but rapidly spreading its wings in various regions across Europe, Japan, Middle East and other parts of the world.
Digital adoption is also generating new opportunities across e-commerce, e-banking, smart mobility, it is also beginning to make a meaningful impact in traditional sectors including retail, logistics, education, agriculture, skill building and financial services.
Your group is one of the leading names in the automotive industry globally. What's your perspective on the emerging electric mobility landscape particularly in the developing world?
The automotive sector contributes significantly to GDP of many nations hovering anywhere from 4-12 per cent across all major developed economies. With the confluence of high technology in the automotive, the industry giants like Daimler, Volkswagen, Toyota, Nissan, Jaguar Land Rover, Volvo among others are investing significant amounts of money in research & innovation around adoption of electric mobility. With increased focus on clean energy and environment, several governments the world over are increasingly incentivising the adoption of electric vehicles. But incentives and subsidies can only provide the initial push; in the medium to longer-term, the industry has to evolve on basic tenets of a free market. This is exactly where large markets like China and India have an advantage. While China is leveraging its scale to be the global epicenter of electric 4-wheelers, India has the distinctive ability to take the lead in being the center of activity for electric two-wheelers. The electrification of 2W and 3W vehicles totaling to 28 – 30 mln.p.a. provides unique opportunity for India to leverage its scale and develop a high-tech electronics industry.
Considering several aspects in play over the next decade, I see increase in adoption of e-vehicles, however the existing IC engine-based platforms will continue to remain the more prominent at least in India and other developing markets.
Manufacturing sector has been a focus of attention of policy makers in India (and the world) in the recent past. Make in India is considered to be Prime Minister Modi's flagship initiative in his previous term. How do you see India taking strides in this sector especially considering the advent of digital technologies?
Manufacturing sector which is Bharat Forge's domain has an important role in achieving equitable and inclusive growth. In India, the Prime Minister has given the country a New India vision which is to achieve USD 5 trillion GDP by 2024/25 with about 20 per cent contribution coming from manufacturing and yet another 20 per cent coming from agriculture and 60 per cent from services. This essentially mandates taking India's manufacturing sector from approx. $350 billion to about $1 trillion i.e. almost three times within a short span of six to seven years.
Globally, the manufacturing sector is rapidly transforming with the onset of digital technologies, IoT and advanced manufacturing like 3D Printing, advanced robotics, new materials like graphene and adoption of industry 4.0 practices across engineering and production shop floors.
With a large young workforce, majority of which is educated in science and engineering, coupled with a thriving IT industry, India has a unique advantage of being at the forefront of the digital manufacturing age. My own experiences on the production shop floors of our company substantiate my claim. But there is a lot that we in India still have to do. India has the third largest army, one of the largest importers of arms globally, but hardly a modern domestic defence industry. We have one of the largest fleets of commercial aerospace operations but hardly any domestic industry adding any value in that space. Second largest market for consumer electronics but hardly any electronics ecosystem in the country.
In the last few years under Prime Minister Modi, India has made an accelerated effort to develop a strong manufacturing industry and indigenous capabilities within the country, and there are several continued efforts being made in this direction.
Lastly, during your keynote at the India Inc. Leadership Summit earlier this year, you spoke on creating institutions to nurture synergies between the UK & India. Can you elaborate on the same?
We are in a world full of uncertainties around macroeconomic and geo-politics. Brexit adds another dimension to it, but I firmly believe that India and the UK have plenty of opportunities to collaborate and strengthen the symbiotic relationship between these two nations.
India lacks good technological institutions. And institutions are the bedrock of any major economy. UK has leading educational and technological institutions such as Oxford, Cambridge, Warwick and the Catapult Centers. A synergistic effort by both countries to strengthen the institutional building process in India would, in my view, take the bilateral relationship to a whole new level.
During PM Modi's visit in 2018, the UK and India launched the UK-India Technology Partnership. PM Modi famously quoted the increasing cooperation between both societies as a "Living Bridge".
I personally think this presents a collective vision for companies and entrepreneurs from both nations to come together and engineer solutions for the combined benefit of both our peoples.
India Global Business Staff2020-10-08T14:33:13+00:00October 7th, 2020|2019, Global Edition – September 2019|
About the Author: India Inc. Staff
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Clinical Professor and Chair, Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences | Program Director, Master of Science in SLP
Michelle Mentis, PhD, CCC-SLP
See all Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences faculty
Study the neurological processes involved in speech recognition. Discover what happens in the mind of an infant about to speak his first words. Advance our understanding of treating language disorders in patients who have aphasia. Or ask a fascinating new question about human communication processes and begin your own search for the answer.
If you are an exceptional student with a bachelor's degree who wants to pursue a career in speech-language pathology with a focus on research, you may qualify for this innovative, combined MS/PhD program. For the first two years, you will focus on meeting the requirements for the MS-SLP degree and will graduate with this degree at the end of two years of study. If you complete all of the MS-SLP academic and clinical requirements with a GPA of 3.5 and a thesis, you'll be formally admitted to the doctoral program. After completing a year of core topics and research design coursework, you'll work with your selected research mentor to complete a qualifying research project and begin your dissertation research.
We're a small program in a large research university
We're proud that Boston University ranks among the country's best educators of future speech-language pathologists. U.S. News & World Report's latest graduate school rankings rated our graduate Speech-Language Pathology program #10 out of 261 accredited programs.
Because you're at Boston University, you'll have access to outstanding academic resources and research opportunities—many in Sargent's own research centers and labs, as well as interdisciplinary projects in other departments at BU. You'll also find extensive learning and research options in Boston, a world-renowned center of scientific and medical research. Learn more about our faculty's work in Sargent research centers and labs in Special Edition Inside Sargent: Accomplishments in Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences.
You'll get broad clinical experience, on campus and off
Starting in your first semester, your clinical practicum courses will give you the broadest possible exposure to patients across the lifespan with communication disorders at all levels of severity. You'll work in many settings, too, from early intervention to nursing homes, from schools to private practice.
This breadth of experience is possible for two reasons. First, Sargent College operates its own clinical centers right on campus. Our graduate students, supervised by faculty practitioners, treat groups and individuals from the Boston community at the Academic Speech, Language & Hearing Center. Specialized clinics, such as the Aphasia Resource Center, provide greater depth of experience with specific disorders.
Secondly, our location in a world-class medical hub gives us access to premiere institutions like Massachusetts General Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston for student internships. Our students learn from and work with master clinicians at the city's most respected medical facilities.
A PhD in Speech-Language Pathology will prepare you for a leadership position in the field. Most of our doctoral students plan to pursue careers in research, university teaching or administration of clinical practice. The MS/PhD program welcomes students with diverse educational backgrounds from all over the world. We invite you to read more about the program.
We invite you to introduce yourself by filling out the Request Information form. You can also contact us by email at sargrad@bu.edu.
Clinical Placement Program
Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences Class Gets a Peek Inside a Volunteer's Brain
Neurobiology of Language students investigate a particular question about the brain and language using BU's fMRI scanner
A Brief But Spectacular Take on Aphasia
PBS NewsHour filmed a segment with BU's Aphasia Resource Center in which ARC community members shared their stories.
See all Spotlights
MS SLP Student Minna Natsuko Ito Named API Scholarship Recipient
Scientific American Podcast with Frank Guenther: Why We Stutter
"What It's Like Living With Aphasia" – Swathi Kiran quoted in Time


Although it was really cold day, we still love to pose for the camera. Thank to the coveralls that we have on it makes a huge difference. We are able to stay out longer than just wearing our coat. We have coats but my husband told us to wear coveralls cause it's freezing. This was taken early in the morning, as soon as we woke-up we right away got ready to be outside. I love playing on the snow even though it's cold. This time we aren't able to build a snowman since it was a little bit late for us to do it. The freezing rain started early, but we are glad that there is still a lot of snow. This picture of us was taken by our son Dustin.


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Q: Is it possible to find dry ice crystals lying around the base in Antarctica? Dry ice sublimates at -78.5°C, while the lowest temperature registered is about -89.2°C around the Vostok station in Antarctica. Imagine a person living on that station on that day (or night, since it was measured during the polar night).
If that person goes outside, would they find any dry ice crystals laying on the ground?

A: The equilibrium vapor pressure of carbon dioxide at -80 C is about 1 bar.  The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in air is about 0.0004 atm.  This tells you that CO2 will not sublime from air at -80 C.

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Homemade Mod PodgeMod Podge is used for so many creative projects, often costing a little out of your price range. There is hope! Here is a simple way to make mod podge for just a little over $1. You can be creative and thrifty!
Decoupage Photos Onto Wood LetterI've seen a few examples of this project on Pinterest and couldn't wait to make one of my own. It's a real statement piece, but it doesn't cost a lot to make. You can use black and white pictures or pictures in color, depending on your preference.
Decoupaged Photo on WoodEasy instructions for using decoupage to put photos on a wood surface.
Easy Candy Jar GiftsThis is a very easy and very inexpensive gift. My mom used to make jars like this for friends, making a padded fabric lid. The idea for these came to me when my sister-in-law was talking about her love of Dots candy.
Clay Pot Candy/Gumball MachineMake this cute, inexpensive candy machine for Valentine's Day or decorate for any occasion. It makes a nice gift for a friend or co-worker.
Candy Wrapper Covered CanMany years ago, I saw a project similar to this, done by Martha Stewart. She used Mary Jane candy wrappers, decoupaged onto a box, I think. For this project, I used Tootsie Roll wrappers.
Mod Podge Beading Up on Glass VaseI'm trying to dye a glass vase with mod podge, but it keeps beating up and not sticking to the glass. Do you know why? It's not just streaking, it's not sticking at all, as if it's water proof glass.


In defining a small stream or creek in New Mexico you must first put into perspective the difference in water size here compared to waters in Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, and Utah. To explain, I'll tell you a fish story about a fellow guide I know named Rick from Jackson Hole, Wyoming.
We rigged up with double nymphs and headed down to the first pool in the Red River, where I immediately spotted a big cuttbow and pointed it out to him. His first cast was perfect, as was his drift, and the big buck took the small nymph. He lifted the rod and went for the reel with his left hand. Before I could say anything the fish ripped downstream so he let go of the reel, allowing the fish to run downstream into the rapids at the confluence—where it broke him off.
New Mexico streams are diminutive compared to streams in the northern Rockies for three reasons. First, we simply don't get as much precipitation as those northern areas. Second, our winters are shorter and our atmosphere is drier so we have more moisture loss due to sublimation and evaporation. Finally, we're the only state west of the Mississippi that doesn't have an instream flow bill so there's great strain on our waterways due to consumptive use.
Where there are feeder creeks in the central Rockies, we have tiny creeks and seeps. Where they have major rivers, we have medium-sized rivers like the Rio Grande and Rio Chama. So even though the lower Red River may be a small stream compared to other rivers, it isn't considered one here, although some of the techniques talked about here are valuable on streams of any size. Larger rivers should be broken down and looked at as several small streams running parallel to each other. No matter how big the river, you can only fish one drift line at a time, unless you're stripping streamers across currents.
So what is a small stream in New Mexico? If you can't cast or throw a rock across it, then it's not a small stream. In this context, a small stream is a stream or creek whose average summertime flow is less than 30 cfs. Depending on the grade, a stream with this flow is about 15 to 20 feet wide, although it could be as wide as 30 or 40 feet in slow pools or beaver ponds.
Most streams in New Mexico are small streams, and even some of the main rivers run less than 30 cfs during fall and winter or during drought conditions. Many fishable creeks in New Mexico are 5 cfs or smaller—only about a foot or two wide.
In Wyoming I wouldn't even look at creeks this size, and they probably wouldn't contain very many, if any, catchable-sized fish. In New Mexico, however, we have healthy fish populations in very tiny creeks, and sometimes these waters hold trout up to 18 inches. This is primarily due to our mild, short winters. Our creeks don't usually suffer from winterkill. The shorter winters also translate into longer growing seasons and more abundant aquatic insect populations.
This is what makes our small streams and creeks so special; they are very productive for their size. Try one of the hundreds of such waters in New Mexico and you'll see what I mean.


Used Stone Crusher Price List Feed Back. crushing, screening, washing, grinding equipment in . CGM Machinery manufactures a full line of crushing equipment for use in . read More . pre: construction of 3 phase synchronous machine next: danver model d12 laboratory flotation machine.
Stone crusher machine will be used in the stone crusher plant in india, look at the following diagram get price What's the 2050 tph stone crushing line cost price?


Founded in 2012 by legendary music and media producer Spencer Proffer and veteran newspaper publisher Judith A. Proffer, Padaro Press is an imprint of Huqua Press that curates popular culture titles.
Padaro Press launched with The Empowerment Mindset by internationally acclaimed motivational speaker Calvin Helin, followed by The Hillary Effect by political blogger Taylor Marsh. In 2014 Padaro released Places by actor and intrepid traveler Thaao Penghlis. Publishers Weekly called it "a captivating memoir full of bucket-list worthy adventures."
In 2016 Padaro Press released the debut novel by renowned theatre critic Steven Leigh Morris, Fowl Play.
We have teamed with Open Road Media to facilitate select titles in the digital world and their reach and expertise assures relevancy and availability in all reader formats.
Padaro Press is named after a magical stretch of Pacific ocean beach just south of Santa Barbara, California. A place we've spent memorable and meaningful afternoons with Huqua and Quincy—namesakes for parent company Huqua Press. A place where dolphins and whales dance offshore, where friends and family gather and where quiet contemplation is accompanied by the majesty of the setting sun. Padaro beach sparkles, and we hope our titles do as well.
Spencer Proffer is a highly regarded media producer and strategist with a long history of connecting with audiences. His productions have garnered Academy, Golden Globe, Emmy, Grammy and Tony awards and nominations. As a music producer, Spencer has sold millions of gold and platinum records. He will use the Padaro Press platform to create a pioneering publishing paradigm for both Padaro Press and Huqua Press titles, bridging media and manuscripts by bringing pages to life on screen, on devices and even a live event.


I'm a life coach/psychic card reader/healer. I will heal anything you need or grant a wish. No bad wishes. I have energy charged gemstones from Sedona. I found her on Craigslist on Sunday Feb 2018. I can feel her energy full of love, and compassion.
angels to guide me to someone I could trust. They lead me to her!


Ayrshire is an ideal place for a getaway for the keen golfer with twenty challenging courses in the area.
With Troon holding six of these courses the town is indeed a 'golfer's paradise' and with excellent long light from spring to autumn, golfers can comfortably play two rounds per day. Close to the Anchorage Hotel you will find Royal Troon Golf Club, host of The British Open Championship nine times, most recently in 2016. The nearby town of Prestwick boasts the world famous 'Old Prestwick' course, home of the very first Open Championship back in 1851.
Our hotel is the perfect base for your golfing break and our experienced staff will do their very best to assist you with any golfing enquiries you may have.
Troon has courses to suit beginners, amateurs and professionals alike.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Marine Biological Association Incorporated by Royal Charter
The Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey
Long-term Datasets
Awards, Grants & Training
Join the MBA
Journal of the MBA
The Marine Biologist
Marine Biodiversity Records
Marine Policy & Advice
Young Marine Biologist
Research Aquarium
National Marine Biological Library
Cell & Molecular Laboratory
Events Facilities
Members of the MBA are part of a global community of marine biologists. Whether you're a student, professional, or just passionate about marine biology, we have a membership package for you, all with a fantastic range of exclusive benefits.
The Marine Biological Association has been at the forefront of promoting marine biology since 1884. This is achieved in a number of ways from running an internationally recognised education programme through to the provision of high-quality training courses.
Facilities such as National Marine Biological Library are visited by people the world-over (members are provided free access) and the MBA continues to publish well-established scientific journals in addition to the more recent member's magazine The Marine Biologist.
MBA members play a key role in raising the profile of marine biology by, among other things, contributing expertise to Policy Advice and representing the MBA to the wider marine biological community.
MBA Publications
MBA Fellows (FMBA)
MBA Fellows are senior practitioners in marine biology who have contributed to marine biology at the highest level.
Open to individuals who are practising marine biologists and graduates of marine biology or related disciplines.
For those who are interested in marine biology but who are not working as professional marine biologists.
Membership is available to all students* registered in full time University education, including PhD studies.
Our popular 'YMB' category is only £12.50 per year, and is aimed at younger enthusiasts who are under 18.
Available to universities, corporations and other organisations with an interest in the marine sciences.
The Marine Biological Association conducts, promotes and supports scientific research into all aspects of life in the sea. We're working with our ever-growing membership to provide a clear and independent voice on behalf of the marine biological community
The Marine Biological Association
The Laboratory, Citadel Hill
Plymouth, Devon
PL1 2PB, UK
info@mba.ac.uk
MBA Webcam


Are you a go-getter looking for a bigger life? We are looking for people with die-hard enthusiasm, a flair for achievement, and a willingness to do what it takes to succeed. If the idea of making 300+ calls per day to generate business and commission gets your adrenaline going, you should probably keep reading.
Do you have what it takes? We are looking for the best of the best!! If you want to be part an award winning Fort Smith real estate team, working in a high energy environment with excellent income potential, apply now. We look forward to hearing from you!
The role is an in-office position with the majority of the time spent on the phone with prospective buyers and sellers.
Schedule appointments with qualified leads for Listing and/or Buyer Specialists.
Real estate experience not required; must have or be willing to obtain an Arkansas Real Estate license.
The mission of the Grinnell Group is to provide the premier customer service experience for each home seller and home buyer we work with. Knowledge we've gained through working in the local market empowers us to provide our home buyers and sellers with the advice they need to make informed decisions. Whether it's selling a home, searching for a home, or negotiating a contract, each member of the Grinnell Group is an experienced real estate professional who applies their expert skills to each step of the process to help each client achieve an outstanding result.


3.4 x 5.9 x 7.1 inches The white unicorn is of majestic beauty. At daybreak, when it grazes on the clearing in front of Yasira's tree-house, the morning dew glistens on his coat like a thousand diamonds. Only few elves are lucky enough to be able to see this wondrous creature. Even fewer have a unicorn as a friend. And only princesses or sorceresses can ride on them.
Click the button below to add the Bayala Unicorn Standing Schleich 70521 to your wish list.


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Women's Swimming
Top Times (PDF)
Match Challenge
All-Time Top-Five (PDF)
Coach Clark Campbell
A Look Back at Kansas' Big 12 Swimming and Diving Performances
The Kansas swimming and diving team posted 50 new career-best performances, broke four school records and earned seven silver medals to finish third at the 2015 Big 12 Swimming and Diving Championship February 25-28. Texas won its third consecutive Big 12 title with 1,082.5 points, followed by Iowa State (618.5). West Virginia claimed fourth place (481) and TCU (458), fifth.
Nine Jayhawks performed career-best times or scores in each event entered. Yet even with strong performances on the remaining three days, the Jayhawks could not make up for lost points due to a relay disqualification on the first night of the league meet and several other out-touched races.
"The four swam really well and got us off to a good start, but it was a call that went against us," Kansas head coach Clark Campbell said. "It was a tough way to start, but we re-grouped and came back really strong the next day and were able to keep the momentum going throughout the meet."
Together, juniors Chelsie Miller and Bryce Hinde broke a total of four KU school records. Miller lowered her own records in the 200- and 400-yard individual medley and 200-yard butterfly, while Hinde broke a 2008 school record set by Danielle Herrman in the 100-yard breaststroke, swimming a time of 1:01.98.
"Whenever you get school records it's always reason to celebrate," Campbell said. "For Bryce, breaking 1:02 was a big goal of hers and everyone was so happy to see her achieve it.
"Chelsie's swims were really solid, especially since our main focus was on NCAA's. Those are definitely the high-water marks for the team that weekend. They swam fast and provided a lot of inspirations. Our school records are getting really fast, and any time you have an opportunity to break them it's a big deal."
An additional three swimmers—Yulduz Kuchkarova, Hannah Angell and Lydia Pocisk—made their way onto the all-time top-five list in five events. Kuchkarova now holds the second-fastest time in the 100- and 200-yard backstroke with times of 53.41 and 1:56.16, respectively. Angell joined her on the 100-backstroke list, ranking fifth in history with a time of 55.34. Pocisk holds the third-fastest time in the 100-yard breaststroke (1:02.21) and second-fastest in the 200 (2:14.98).
"All three of them are still young. Hannah and Yulduz are great backstroke training partners. Hannah worked really hard this school year after having a summer she wasn't so pleased with. Yulduz had a weird year with the Asian Games, and trying to get in the swing of things. She had a great collegiate career. Going into summer, she has the World Championships in July in Russia, this was a good meet to get her ready for the meets to come.
"Lydia is just starting to scratch surface of her potential," Campbell continued. "There are still several things we can do to clean up and improve her breaststroke. It'll be a lot of fun and exciting to see what she can do in the future, using this year as a benchmark."
Between Miller, Kuchkarova and two relay teams, KU was awarded seven silver medals. Miller finished second in the 400-yard IM, 1,650-yard freestyle and 200-yard butterfly, while Kuchkarova was runner-up in the 100- and 200-yard backstroke. The 400-yard medley relay team of Kuchkarova, Hinde, Pia Pavlic and Haley Molden finished behind the Longhorns, clocking in at 3:40.18. Kuchkarova, Pavlic, Molden and Deanna Marks were also runner-up to the Texas in the 400-yard freestyle relay, finishing in 3:23.83.
"Overall, it was a really good meet. Every year you have ups and downs. We were disappointed with the final score, but the way we swam and competed all year was very successful and we're fortunate to continue the season with Chelsie in her second appearance at the NCAA Championships."
Miller will continue the season for the Jayhawks at the national competition, beginning March 19.


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Letterboxing: What Was The Last Movie You Saw In Cinemas?
We really, really miss the cinematic experience
by Rachel West | May 11, 2020, 4:00 pm
Remember movie theatres? It's only been about eight weeks since cinemas shuttered their doors but it already feels like eons ago.
In the "Before Corona" era (the new B.C.E. as it were), watching a movie in public was a given for film lovers. Now, after living new lives in lockdown, we're starting to miss everything that comes with theatres – yes, even the phone use and constant shushing, sticky floors and overpriced snacks, endless pre-movie ads and increasingly expensive cinema "Experiences" like VIP, assigned seating, and 3D (but never, ever 4DX).
In the grand scheme of things, movie theatres aren't quite a necessity for society-at-large, but it doesn't make our longing for them any less real. Especially for someone like myself who has seen 719 movies in theatres since 2012, according to my Letterboxd stats.
It's looking like it'll still be a while before we're able to return to the multiplex, and while we want to have all the optimism of Warner Bros. and their currently-scheduled summer theatrical slate of Tenet and Wonder Woman 1984, we're not so sure it's going to happen.
When we do get a chance to head back to the comforting darkness of a movie theatre, the experience will inevitably be much different than we left it. What was the last movie you had the pleasure of seeing in a movie theatre? Something totally amazing that you'll be able to recall years from now or a totally regrettable choice?
According to Twitter, the popular choice for moviegoing in the B.C.E. was the well-received horror The Invisible Man with 14 percent of the responses, followed by Portrait Of A Lady On Fire at nine percent.
Portrait of a Lady on Fire. pic.twitter.com/759TmFMQ18
— Laurel B (@lbuss) May 8, 2020
Th Invisible Man. Man I miss movie theatres! pic.twitter.com/K4UIfYtrM9
— Donna Dwyer (@Divadeedee) May 8, 2020
https://twitter.com/vasta/status/1258751451087634433
pic.twitter.com/li41M6HyWB
— Eric Bizzarri (@ericbizzarri) May 8, 2020
It comes as no surprise that Celine Sciamma's warmly-reviewed film is topping people's lists, earning an average of 4.5 fires out of 5 on Letterboxd and landing at no. 12 in the site's Top 250 with over 141,000 views logged.
Twitter responses also reflect Letterboxd's list of the most-popular films of the year: Parasite, Joker, 1917, Little Women, Knives Out, Birds of Prey and Once Upon A Time In Hollywood.
The results of people who weighed-in also told us something we have long known but never been able to wrap our heads around – the people who only go to the movies once a year. Or less. There's plenty of those people who also remember the last movie they saw in theatres.
https://twitter.com/SelfPresSociety/status/1258765426894528513
— ChancelorP (@chancelor_p) May 8, 2020
Here's the full list of what people last saw in cinemas, sorted by popularity:
Cats</emEmma
Run This Town
Spiderman Homecoming
Shooting The Darkness
As for the would-be movie plans that were scuttled, Emma and First Cow were the top films people had anticipated seeing ahead of the shutdown.
For now, we'll just have to survive on the movie theatre memories, pop our own popcorn and dream of the silver screen.
What was the last film you saw in theatres? Let us know on Twitter or Facebook.
Birds of Prey • cinema • Coronavirus • emma • First Cow • Joker • Letterboxing • list • lockdown • movie theatre • pandemic • Portrait of a Lady on Fire • shutdown • The Invisible Man
Columbia Classics New 4K Ultra Collection Debuts on June 16
Black Hole Films Episode 160


NUREMBERG, GERMANY - Striker Yuya Kubo on Friday scored his first goal since joining German first-division side Nuremberg in a 1-1 draw with Schalke.
Kubo headed home a long-range pass from Matheus Pereira to open the scoring in the 82nd minute, but the visitors equalized three minutes later.
Kubo, 25, has struggled to earn playing time since being loaned by Belgian first-division side Gent ahead of the season.
Nuremberg, promoted to the Bundesliga top tier after finishing runner-up in the second division last season, sits 17th in the 18-team table.


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Decisions on Demand may process third party personal information ("User Information") under the direction of our Customers. We have no ownership of the User Information or any direct relationship with individuals whose personal information may be processed as part of providing our Services. We do not store such User Information — we act strictly as a data processor on behalf of our Customers. If you submit any User Information to us, it is your responsibility to ensure that the the User Information provided to us can be legally collected in the country of origin, transmitted to us and used by us in accordance with this Policy.
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Decisions on Demand and our third party advertising partners use clear gifs (web beacons), images and scripts. We tie the information gathered to our customers' personal information.
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To provide the information to our trusted partners who work on behalf of or with Decisions on Demand under confidentiality agreements. These companies may use your personal information to help Decisions on Demand communicate with you about offers from Decisions on Demand and our marketing partners. These companies do not have any independent right to share this information.
To investigate, prevent, or take action regarding illegal activities, suspected fraud, situations involving potential threats to the physical safety of any person, violations of Decisions on Demand's Terms of Service, or as otherwise required by law.
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The Site may contain links to other websites. This Policy only applies to the Decisions on Demand Site and we are not responsible for the privacy practices or content of other websites. You should check the privacy policies of those sites before providing your personal information to them.


text:
Q: AWS ECS Task Error - Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint ecs-XXX I'm new to Docker but know a little bit of AWS. I currently have a Docker image that's working perfectly on local host. I've packaged up my Docker image to ECR and copied the URI and used the URI in the cluster on ECS. I've created a task on the cluster but when I try to run the task, I get this error

STOPPED (CannotStartContainerError: Error response from dae)

Expanding the error further provides the error details as:

CannotStartContainerError: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint ecs-XXXX-New-1-XXXXX-new-c0f1889582c3fea77500

If I SSH into the EC2 instance I can't pull the docker image, I get this error:

no basic auth credentials

I've checked all permissions in IAM and everything is as it should be and the answers I come across don't mention AWS.
I'm so stuck right now!
Thanks in advance


text:
The Wartburg Project is a 501(c)(3) parasynodical organization in fellowship with WELS/ELS.
It includes more than 100 participants [pastors, professors, teachers, laypeople] from WELS/ELS.
The Wartburg Project
I. Materials about the EHV
II. Translation Principles
III. Applications of Translation Principles
IV. Supplemental Resources
V. Monthly Report Archives
Lectionary Options
Memory Treasures
Passion History Options
Pulpit Greetings & Votums
Reading Plan
Verses of the Day
FAQs 07. Why do you capitalize the Devil? Isn't that honoring the devil?
07. Why do you capitalize the Devil? Isn't that honoring the devil?
In FAQ by May 8, 2015
No, it simply recognizes that the Devil has become a title of Satan. All titles are capitalized even if they are evil figures like Satan, the Devil, Belial, Lucifer, Antichrist, etc.
The Devil comes from the Greek word diabolos, which means "slanderer" when it is used as a common noun. It is already used in the Greek Old Testament as the translation for satan, a Hebrew word that means "the enemy or accuser. Satan or the Satan is a Hebrew name for the leader of the evil angels. Diabolos, the Devil is a Greek name for the leader of the evil angels.
The evil angels who follow Satan, the Devil, are not called satans or devils. They are called demons or unclean spirits. The Devil is a special title of their leader. If Satan, his Hebrew name, is capitalized, his Greek name should also be capitalized.
The Devil is capitalized because it is a Greek version of the Satan. Both started as common nouns. Both are now titles.
Lookup a word/passage in the Bible
or send directly to:
907 Mattes Drive
Midland MI 48642-3708
Copyright © 2015-2017 The Wartburg Project. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Survey: Public favour independent, investigative regulator
DMGT buys 50% of UK property search engine
French journalists in bid to use Facebook and Twitter as sole news sources
By Michele Weydert Twitter
Five journalists from French speaking radio stations are to be cut off from the world for five days with their only source of information being Twitter and Facebook in an effort to determine the value of information received through social media.
Le Parisien reports that under a project called "Behind closed doors on the net", which will take place between the 1 and 5 February, the journalists will have no access to TV, radio or print media and will have to get a view of world events through social media alone.
"It is often being said that the traditional media are threatened by these alternative sources of information, " said Philippe Chaffanjon, director of the radio station France Info. "But what view of the world do you get through Facebook and Twitter?
"This experiment does not mean to prove that the traditional media are indispensable, nor the contrary. What we are trying to find out is whether you are being informed in the same way through social media than you are with the traditional media."
The reporters from France Inter, France Info, RTS and RTBF radio will be allowed to click on links put up on Twitter and Facebook, with the exception of Janic Tremblay from Radio Canada, who will be attempting the experiment without ever leaving the two social media sites.
France Info will be hosting five live debates on the issue every day throughout the course of the experiment.


text:
Home Restoration to Revolution Jacobite Party Planning the 1715 Rising 1715 Rising Aftermath Northumbrians & the 45 The Radcliffes 19th Century Jacobitism
[back to previous page]
TRACKING A LEGEND
A North Country Legacy of Jacobite Times
Author: Frances Dickinson Published by Cresset Books
TRACKING A LEGEND is an extended edition of Frances Dickinson's previous book, The Reluctant Rebel. In this new publication the poignant story of the Radcliffes, Earls of Derwentwater, a Northumbrian Jacobite family, is complemented by a jigsaw of curious and colourful anecdotes relating to the many men and women from the North of England who supported the exiled Stuarts in the ill-fated Risings of 1715 and 1745.
The book is profusely illustrated and contains new material, some of which has not been previously published. It features numerous Jacobite sites and monuments, and provides a pictorial and informative record of a vast array of Derwentwater portraits, relics and memorabilia.
Part One, James the Rebel Earl, focuses on James Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater, a cousin of Prince James Francis Edward Stuart and a leader in the Jacobite Rising of 1715.
After his execution on Tower Hill in 1716, the Earl became a legendary figure in Northumberland - his untimely death inspiring an endless string of ballads, novels, biographies and other creative works. The story moves through the centuries, tracking the romantic legacy that lived on long after the downfall of the Radcliffes, Earls of Derwentwater, due to their steadfast adherence to the Jacobite Cause. It gives a factual account (with maps and illustrations) of the 1715 Rising in Northumberland and provides a glimpse of the Stuart Court in exile.
In Part Two, A Jacobite Trail, the author sets out to explore the long established traditions that embody the Derwentwater Legend. On her walks and visits she attempts to unravel the wealth of facts and folklore relating to the Earl, his family, and many of the other North-country rebels. Her investigations and discoveries include: a mission to locate the elusive Fairy Stone, once used as a Jacobite 'post-office'; a mystery concerning the planting, by two obscure Derwentwater ladies, of an old white rose bush in the garden of Middleton Hall; and intriguing new evidence concerning the adventures in Coquetdale of the intrepid Charles Radcliffe, the brother of the Earl, who took part in both Risings and was executed on Tower Hill in 1746.
The book concludes with the story of the present-day Jacobite Cause - namely a project to conserve the hitherto neglected Radcliffe heritage at Dilston in Northumberland, formerly the grand ancestral seat of the Earls of Derwentwater.
PAPERBACK, MATT COLOUR COVER, 160 pages; over 100 illustrations (17 colour plates);
4 Maps; 3 Genealogical Trees. ISBN 0 9529113 2 9 Price £14.95
Please supply...........copy/copies of Tracking a Legend @ £14.95 per copy. Plus postage & packing:
UK/Irish Republic/Europe, add £1.60 per copy; USA/Canada/Australia, add £3.50. Total..................
Name...........................................................Address.........................................................................
Mickley Moor West Farm, nr Hedley on the Hill, Stocksfield, Northumberland, NE45 7SS
(Telephone 01661 844157 Fax 01661 843681)
© The Northumbrian Jacobite Society 2009 : for enquiries please contact info@northumbrianjacobites.org.uk


Treatment services may vary in length from 30 days to one year with extension if needed. Frequency of services also vary according to need of patient from twice to four times a week. Duration of services are met in 30-90 minute increments.
Evidence-based education and group sessions consist of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Seeking Safety, Relapse Prevention and Support Services using Motivational Interviewing are facilitated by Certified Substance Abuse Counselors. .


So this is the first blog for my site. Now it would be easy for me to write about some grand vision of what I want my "professional presence on the web" to be but I think writing honestly about my thoughts is more my style. Cut to the chase, no dramas, and tell me about the bottom line.
The motive for creating this site came about through discussions with my professional coach Roberta Sawatsky, admiration for the talent of colleague William Azaroff, and through the urging of consultant Colin Parker. These talented people have inspired me to communicate on a wider level, and share my leadership perspective. So I'm adding to the milieu we call social media. Let's hope the content is good and possibly compelling.
Funny thing happened to me on the way to the Blog – My career has progressively evolved and I have been taking greater and greater responsibilities. This means I've seen some crazy things, stubbed my toes, made a difference, and repeatedly enjoyed the reward of working with the team to secure our objectives. Now its time to give back; add to other's bottom lines. Add value.


Global Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) Market size is expected to grow over USD 1.5 billion by 2024, owing to its favorable application overview for treating ailments such as cancer, Parkinson's syndrome, cognitive illness, periodontal, kidney failure, neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, and Huntington's disease. Industry growth is catalyzed by the use of coenzyme Q10 as a main constituent in the cosmetics industry, primarily owing to its antioxidant feature/property. Coenzyme Q10 supports the mental growth of a person and its use in everyday diet can help in inhibiting neurodegenerative disorders in aging populations. All these features will supplement the demand for Coenzyme Q10.
Coenzyme Q10 industry size valued over USD 890 million during 2017 is anticipated to record around 9% CAGR during 2018-2024. CoQ10 is the main component of anti-aging products due to its antioxidant feature. Furthermore, the geriatric population in China, Japan, U.S., Russia, and UK are fueling the demand for these products driving Coenzyme Q10 market trends. Furthermore, an increase in the amount of cosmeceutical companies targeting or focusing on skin care applications is predicted to boost coenzyme industry growth. Its use as an essential component in functional foods and energy drinks helps in improving aerobic cellular respiration which in turn drives the industry growth.
However, the dearth of rules in regulating/controlling the use of coenzyme Q10 in therapeutic treatment is predicted to hamper industry growth. Limited/Restricted supply of raw material types such as tryptone, hexane, and peptone can adversely impact Coenzyme Q10 market price trend.
Coenzyme Q10 industry is segmented in terms of applications and regions.
The application segment comprises of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and dietary supplements.
Coenzyme cosmetics application segment is predicted to exceed USD 140 million by the end of the forecast period with its growth attributed to its use in sunscreen lotions, anti-wrinkle products, and moisturizers.
Pharmaceutical application segment is projected to grow at more than 9.5% during the forecast timeline. Cognitive, heart, and periodontal disorders occur due to Coenzyme Q10 deficiency and its use in successfully treating Parkinson and migraine ailments is predicted to increase coenzyme Q10 market share.
Dietary supplements applications segment worth over USD 300 million during 2017 will witness considerable growth in coming years due to increasing awareness about malnourishment and growing health concerns. Further, enhanced use of CoQ10 enzyme in the oral spray, tablets, vegetable & soybean oil and hydrophilic gels is predicted to boost coenzyme Q10 market for the segment. Consumption of the coenzyme Q10 through dietary supplements improves blood proportion and aids the process of anti-oxidation, thereby helping in the prevention of metabolic disorders and oxidative stress. All these factors are projected to boost the demand for dietary supplements.
Latin America is predicted to boost the Coenzyme Q10 market demand and the flourishing cosmetics market in Mexico and Brazil are predicted to supplement the regional growth. Furthermore, an increase in gross income coupled with favorable factors for therapeutic treatments is predicted to contribute towards the regional industry growth.
North America, dominated by U.S. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) industry share, worth over USD 270 million during 2017 is predicted to witness substantial growth due to major contributions by U.S. coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) market in personal care products and functional beverages.
Asia Pacific Coenzyme Q10 industry is predicted to record a CAGR of over 10% during the forecast timeline owing to the extensive demand for cosmetic products in India and China. Furthermore, rising awareness about dietary products as well as an increase in gross income has boosted the regional growth.
Key industry players are Hwail Pharmaceutical, Pharmavite, SourceOne, Nisshin Sheifun, Kaneka, and Tishcon.