Over time, the style and engineering that make up a car have changed drastically, meaning that the cars of yesteryear are extremely distinct from their modern brethren. The process of how this came to be is interesting, tracking the change of a functional mode of transport to one that required more and more style elements.
A combustion engine is a heat engine where fuel combusts with air to provide power. When this combustion process occurs inside the engine, it is known as an internal combustion engine, and the average car wouldn't go far without one. But what is the science behind it?


The classic black patent leather pump is modernized with these sleek high-heeled pumps. They feature a pointed toe with an engraved Louis Vuitton plaque at the back of the heel. These pumps are elegant and feminine, perfect for any woman! Retail price is $545.
These heels are new with no signs of wear.


text:
Minimum wage hikes are a 'good thing' despite negatives: Reich
Published Sun, May 31 20159:00 AM EDT Updated Sun, May 31 20159:00 AM EDT
Trent Gillies@trentCNBC
Missing middle class
Former U.S. Labor Secretary Robert Reich is adding his voice to the chorus calling for a pay raise for Americans at the low end of the labor market's totem pole.
In an interview with "On the Money", the cabinet member under President Bill Clinton weighed in on the fierce debate over the minimum wage. Billionaires like Warren Buffett have held forth on the subject, while big companies like McDonald's
, Wal-Mart
and Target
are under pressure to increase what they pay their lowest-level employees. Earlier this year, both retail giants agreed to pay part- and full-time employees at least $9 per hour.
Read MoreWal-Mart pay hike: The free market works
Simultaneously, city governments have also moved to address wage disparities. In November, voters in San Francisco approved a minimum wage increase to $15 an hour by 2018. Last week, the Los Angeles City Council approved a plan to phase in a minimum wage increase, reaching $15 an hour in 2020.
Reich, who served in the Clinton administration from 1993 to 1997 and is now a professor of public policy at the University of California at Berkeley, supports a wage increase for workers in the second-largest U.S. city.
"I think it is a good thing, in the sense that the minimum wage nationally is 25 percent below what it was in 1968, adjusted for inflation," he told CNBC.
CBO, Buffett have their own ideas
Robert Reich
Still, not everyone agrees. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office said in a report last year that an increase in the federal minimum wage to just $10.10 an hour could raise the incomes of 16.5 million workers. On the downside, the agency warned such a move could also result in the net loss of 500,000 jobs.
Separately, Buffett has repeatedly said imposing a minimum wage hike wouldn't solve income disparities, opting for changes to the tax code instead.
Read MoreBuffett talks firing, wages and eating like a kid
For Los Angeles and other cities, Reich dismissed predictions that higher wages will result in fewer jobs, citing the multiplier effect.
"Minimum wage workers, because they spend almost everything they're getting in terms of wages, that spending is local spending that stimulates creation of new jobs in the area," Reich said.
The federal minimum wage has been $7.25 an hour since July 2009.
Last week in a Wall Street Journal opinion piece, Buffett, suggested an alternative to raising the minimum wage. Berkshire Hathaway's
chairman wrote he believes an expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is a better alternative.
The EITC is a federal benefit that subsidizes low-income workers by reducing the amount of tax owed from wages. Reich, like the think tank Brookings, backed the credit as an important tool to helping lower-income families.
"People don't realize it," but the Earned Income Tax Credit is "the largest anti-poverty program right now in the United States," he said.
"It is a very good and important program; it is a wage subsidy for people at the bottom," he added.
Reich, however, also said that "it's the combination of the earned income tax credit and the minimum wage and ideally an increase in both that really is the best. "
Digital 'plumbers'?
If you can repair complex machinery and devices, Reich also said those skills could be part of the next boom in middle-class jobs.
He predicts there will be job growth in "technician jobs ... installing, maintaining and upgrading very complex machinery in offices, in hospitals and everyplace else."
The U.S. has "a shortage right now of technicians to do these kinds of things, and I think that shortage will grow." Those specialized jobs "are going to be the new 'plumbers' of the future," Reich said. "And plumbers do very well, by the way."
"On the Money" airs on CNBC Sundays at 7:30 p.m. ET, or check listings for air times in local markets.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
numpy.rollaxis
==============

.. currentmodule:: numpy

.. autofunction:: rollaxis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FilenameFilter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.TreeSet;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSImageStorageInspector.FSImageFile;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FileJournalManager.EditLogFile;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NNStorage.NameNodeFile;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.util.MD5FileUtils;

import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.collect.ComparisonChain;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;

/**
 * The NNStorageRetentionManager is responsible for inspecting the storage
 * directories of the NN and enforcing a retention policy on checkpoints
 * and edit logs.
 *
 * It delegates the actual removal of files to a StoragePurger
 * implementation, which might delete the files or instead copy them to
 * a filer or HDFS for later analysis.
 */
public class NNStorageRetentionManager {

  private final int numCheckpointsToRetain;
  private final long numExtraEditsToRetain;
  private final int maxExtraEditsSegmentsToRetain;
  private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(
      NNStorageRetentionManager.class);
  private final NNStorage storage;
  private final StoragePurger purger;
  private final LogsPurgeable purgeableLogs;

  public NNStorageRetentionManager(
      Configuration conf,
      NNStorage storage,
      LogsPurgeable purgeableLogs,
      StoragePurger purger) {
    this.numCheckpointsToRetain = conf.getInt(
        DFSConfigKeys.DFS_NAMENODE_NUM_CHECKPOINTS_RETAINED_KEY,
        DFSConfigKeys.DFS_NAMENODE_NUM_CHECKPOINTS_RETAINED_DEFAULT);
    this.numExtraEditsToRetain = conf.getLong(
        DFSConfigKeys.DFS_NAMENODE_NUM_EXTRA_EDITS_RETAINED_KEY,
        DFSConfigKeys.DFS_NAMENODE_NUM_EXTRA_EDITS_RETAINED_DEFAULT);
    this.maxExtraEditsSegmentsToRetain = conf.getInt(
        DFSConfigKeys.DFS_NAMENODE_MAX_EXTRA_EDITS_SEGMENTS_RETAINED_KEY,
        DFSConfigKeys.DFS_NAMENODE_MAX_EXTRA_EDITS_SEGMENTS_RETAINED_DEFAULT);
    Preconditions.checkArgument(numCheckpointsToRetain > 0,
        "Must retain at least one checkpoint");
    Preconditions.checkArgument(numExtraEditsToRetain >= 0,
        DFSConfigKeys.DFS_NAMENODE_NUM_EXTRA_EDITS_RETAINED_KEY +
        " must not be negative");

    this.storage = storage;
    this.purgeableLogs = purgeableLogs;
    this.purger = purger;
  }

  public NNStorageRetentionManager(Configuration conf, NNStorage storage,
      LogsPurgeable purgeableLogs) {
    this(conf, storage, purgeableLogs, new DeletionStoragePurger());
  }

  void purgeCheckpoints(NameNodeFile nnf) throws IOException {
    purgeCheckpoinsAfter(nnf, -1);
  }

  void purgeCheckpoinsAfter(NameNodeFile nnf, long fromTxId)
      throws IOException {
    FSImageTransactionalStorageInspector inspector =
        new FSImageTransactionalStorageInspector(EnumSet.of(nnf));
    storage.inspectStorageDirs(inspector);
    for (FSImageFile image : inspector.getFoundImages()) {
      if (image.getCheckpointTxId() > fromTxId) {
        purger.purgeImage(image);
      }
    }
  }

  void purgeOldStorage(NameNodeFile nnf) throws IOException {
    FSImageTransactionalStorageInspector inspector =
        new FSImageTransactionalStorageInspector(EnumSet.of(nnf));
    storage.inspectStorageDirs(inspector);

    long minImageTxId = getImageTxIdToRetain(inspector);
    purgeCheckpointsOlderThan(inspector, minImageTxId);

    if (nnf == NameNodeFile.IMAGE_ROLLBACK) {
      // do not purge edits for IMAGE_ROLLBACK.
      return;
    }

    // If fsimage_N is the image we want to keep, then we need to keep
    // all txns > N. We can remove anything < N+1, since fsimage_N
    // reflects the state up to and including N. However, we also
    // provide a "cushion" of older txns that we keep, which is
    // handy for HA, where a remote node may not have as many
    // new images.
    //
    // First, determine the target number of extra transactions to retain based
    // on the configured amount.
    long minimumRequiredTxId = minImageTxId + 1;
    long purgeLogsFrom = Math.max(0, minimumRequiredTxId - numExtraEditsToRetain);

    ArrayList<EditLogInputStream> editLogs = new ArrayList<EditLogInputStream>();
    purgeableLogs.selectInputStreams(editLogs, purgeLogsFrom, false, false);
    Collections.sort(editLogs, new Comparator<EditLogInputStream>() {
      @Override
      public int compare(EditLogInputStream a, EditLogInputStream b) {
        return ComparisonChain.start()
            .compare(a.getFirstTxId(), b.getFirstTxId())
            .compare(a.getLastTxId(), b.getLastTxId())
            .result();
      }
    });

    // Remove from consideration any edit logs that are in fact required.
    while (editLogs.size() > 0 &&
        editLogs.get(editLogs.size() - 1).getFirstTxId() >= minimumRequiredTxId) {
      editLogs.remove(editLogs.size() - 1);
    }

    // Next, adjust the number of transactions to retain if doing so would mean
    // keeping too many segments around.
    while (editLogs.size() > maxExtraEditsSegmentsToRetain) {
      purgeLogsFrom = editLogs.get(0).getLastTxId() + 1;
      editLogs.remove(0);
    }

    // Finally, ensure that we're not trying to purge any transactions that we
    // actually need.
    if (purgeLogsFrom > minimumRequiredTxId) {
      throw new AssertionError("Should not purge more edits than required to "
          + "restore: " + purgeLogsFrom + " should be <= "
          + minimumRequiredTxId);
    }

    purgeableLogs.purgeLogsOlderThan(purgeLogsFrom);
  }

  private void purgeCheckpointsOlderThan(
      FSImageTransactionalStorageInspector inspector,
      long minTxId) {
    for (FSImageFile image : inspector.getFoundImages()) {
      if (image.getCheckpointTxId() < minTxId) {
        purger.purgeImage(image);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * @param inspector inspector that has already inspected all storage dirs
   * @return the transaction ID corresponding to the oldest checkpoint
   * that should be retained.
   */
  private long getImageTxIdToRetain(FSImageTransactionalStorageInspector inspector) {

    List<FSImageFile> images = inspector.getFoundImages();
    TreeSet<Long> imageTxIds = Sets.newTreeSet();
    for (FSImageFile image : images) {
      imageTxIds.add(image.getCheckpointTxId());
    }

    List<Long> imageTxIdsList = Lists.newArrayList(imageTxIds);
    if (imageTxIdsList.isEmpty()) {
      return 0;
    }

    Collections.reverse(imageTxIdsList);
    int toRetain = Math.min(numCheckpointsToRetain, imageTxIdsList.size());
    long minTxId = imageTxIdsList.get(toRetain - 1);
    LOG.info("Going to retain " + toRetain + " images with txid >= " +
        minTxId);
    return minTxId;
  }

  /**
   * Interface responsible for disposing of old checkpoints and edit logs.
   */
  static interface StoragePurger {
    void purgeLog(EditLogFile log);
    void purgeImage(FSImageFile image);
  }

  static class DeletionStoragePurger implements StoragePurger {
    @Override
    public void purgeLog(EditLogFile log) {
      LOG.info("Purging old edit log " + log);
      deleteOrWarn(log.getFile());
    }

    @Override
    public void purgeImage(FSImageFile image) {
      LOG.info("Purging old image " + image);
      deleteOrWarn(image.getFile());
      deleteOrWarn(MD5FileUtils.getDigestFileForFile(image.getFile()));
    }

    private static void deleteOrWarn(File file) {
      if (!file.delete()) {
        // It's OK if we fail to delete something -- we'll catch it
        // next time we swing through this directory.
        LOG.warn("Could not delete " + file);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Delete old OIV fsimages. Since the target dir is not a full blown
   * storage directory, we simply list and keep the latest ones. For the
   * same reason, no storage inspector is used.
   */
  void purgeOldLegacyOIVImages(String dir, long txid) {
    File oivImageDir = new File(dir);
    final String oivImagePrefix = NameNodeFile.IMAGE_LEGACY_OIV.getName();
    String filesInStorage[];

    // Get the listing
    filesInStorage = oivImageDir.list(new FilenameFilter() {
      @Override
      public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {
        return name.matches(oivImagePrefix + "_(\\d+)");
      }
    });

    // Check whether there is any work to do.
    if (filesInStorage != null
        && filesInStorage.length <= numCheckpointsToRetain) {
      return;
    }

    // Create a sorted list of txids from the file names.
    TreeSet<Long> sortedTxIds = new TreeSet<Long>();
    if (filesInStorage != null) {
      for (String fName : filesInStorage) {
        // Extract the transaction id from the file name.
        long fTxId;
        try {
          fTxId = Long.parseLong(fName.substring(oivImagePrefix.length() + 1));
        } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
          // This should not happen since we have already filtered it.
          // Log and continue.
          LOG.warn("Invalid file name. Skipping " + fName);
          continue;
        }
        sortedTxIds.add(Long.valueOf(fTxId));
      }
    }

    int numFilesToDelete = sortedTxIds.size() - numCheckpointsToRetain;
    Iterator<Long> iter = sortedTxIds.iterator();
    while (numFilesToDelete > 0 && iter.hasNext()) {
      long txIdVal = iter.next().longValue();
      String fileName = NNStorage.getLegacyOIVImageFileName(txIdVal);
      LOG.info("Deleting " + fileName);
      File fileToDelete = new File(oivImageDir, fileName);
      if (!fileToDelete.delete()) {
        // deletion failed.
        LOG.warn("Failed to delete image file: " + fileToDelete);
      }
      numFilesToDelete--;
    }
  }
}


text:
Paragon brings you up to speed this F1™ season
Singapore, 31 August 2016 – Immerse yourself in the thrills of shopping privileges and an exciting showcase this racing season at Paragon. It is all about speed with style as you get rewarded with your sports purchase and find inspiration on the fashion grid with the latest athleisure trends.
Accelerated Activities
Catch a glimpse of Infiniti Renault Racing driver Jolyon Palmer and be inspired by the latest timepiece and athleisure trends.
On the Fashion Grid
From 1 – 18 September, be inspired with the fashion showcase on the latest athleisure trends at Paragon, Level 1 Linkway.
Bell & Ross Watch Showcase
From 8 – 18 September, admire Bell & Ross timepieces in an exhibition by Watches of Switzerland at Paragon, Atrium 2 and Level 1 with a special appearance by Infiniti Renault F1™ driver – Jolyon Palmer at the VIP event held on 15 Sep 2016, Thursday, 2 – 4pm.
Renault Sport Formula One™
This F1™ season, visit the Paragon Main Atrium at Level 1 from 14 – 18 September for an exciting showcase by Infiniti Singapore. Take an exhilarating drive in the Infiniti Renault F1™ simulator and score a chance to catch a glimpse of Infiniti Renault Racing driver, Jolyon Palmer, as he makes a special second appearance at Paragon Main Atrium on Saturday, 17 September. Stay tuned to Paragon's social media sites for updates on the timing for Jolyon Palmer's special appearance.
For media invitations, image requests or driver's information, kindly contact Infiniti representative Ms Yi Sze atyisze.tan@wearnes.com,(65) 6430 4846.
Shopping Highlights
Speed Up Your Rewards
From 1 – 18 September, receive $20 SPH Shopping Vouchers with a minimum spend of $400, including 1 sports store receipt*.
*Paragon Sports tenants: Adidas, Adisha Torre, Asics, Columbia, Golf House, Kettler Sports & Fitness, Lacoste, Motion Sports, Nike, StarThreeSixty, The North Face, Timberland, World of Sports. Limited to 1 redemption per shopper per day on a first-come, first-served basis and limited to the first 800 shoppers. Other terms and conditions apply.
The Grand Pick
From 1 – 14 September, stand to win an exclusive Singapore race experience for two on 18 September,Sunday, with every $200 spend in a single receipt*.
The Emerging Champion
From 1 – 14 September, be the top spender and receive an exclusive Renault Sport Formula One™ Team experience for two at the race on 18 September, Sunday*. Experience includes:
· Close to the action
· Meet the team
· Pit lane walk
· Garage tour
· First-class cuisine
· Infiniti Paddock Club Racing gift
Issued by Singapore Press Holdings Limited
Co. Regn. No: 198402868E
For media enquiries, please contact:
WanJun Wong
Assistant Manager, Marketing Communications
SPH Retail Property Management Services Pte Ltd
DID: 6830 3813
Email: wanjun@paragonsc.com.sg
Cheryl Ling
Senior Executive, Marketing Communications
Email: cherylling@paragonsc.com.sg
Chua Pei Ling
Executive, Corporate Communications & CSR
Email: plchua@sph.com.sg
About Paragon
With six levels of designer fashion and accessories boutiques, sports outlets, lifestyle shops for adults and children, restaurants and cafés, Paragon is the prominent shopping icon along Orchard Road, offering a holistic shopping experience for both tourists and locals. The shopping podium of Paragon is home to the biggest designer names in the international fashion scene such as Gucci, Salvatore Ferragamo, Prada, Tod's, Miu Miu, Balenciaga, Givenchy, Moschino, Marni, Burberry, Ermenegildo Zegna, Mulberry, Loewe, Versace, Brunello Cucinelli, Cerruti 1881, Gieves & Hawkes and Kent & Curwen to name a few. Local favourite department stores Metro, Marks & Spencer and MUJI are also in the building, while Paragon Market Place by Cold Storage provides shoppers with a premium selection of fresh food choices. Renowned formal dining restaurants Imperial Treasure Super Peking Duck Restaurant and Crystal Jade Golden Palace, who was recently awarded Michelin One-Star, add to the Paragon experience with their choice of cuisine.
About SPH Retail Property Management Services Pte Ltd
SPH Retail Property Management Services Pte Ltd is the property manager of Paragon and The Clementi Mall. The two malls are owned by SPH REIT Management Pte Ltd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Singapore Press Holdings.
Incorporated in 1984, main board-listed Singapore Press Holdings Ltd (SPH) is Asia's leading media organisation, engaging minds and enriching lives across multiple languages and platforms, ranging from print, digital, radio and out-of-home media.
SPH owns award-winning newspapers, magazines and best-selling books in both print and digital editions, as well as online classified businesses in the region. In addition, SPH has two English radio stations and one Chinese radio station, an out-of-home digital advertising unit, a regional events and conferences arm, and runs a chain of modern retail convenience stores. SPH also has a 20 per cent stake in MediaCorp TV Holdings Pte Ltd, which operates free-to-air channels 5, 8 and U, and a 40 per cent stake in MediaCorp Press Limited, which publishes the free newspaper, Today.
SPH REIT comprises Paragon, a premier upscale retail mall and medical suite/office property in Orchard Road and The Clementi Mall, a mid-market suburban mall. SPH's latest retail development is The Seletar Mall located in Sengkang.
For more information, please visit www.sph.com.sg


– For every million unreached Muslims there are less than 3 missionaries.
– In Afghanistan there are 17 million people, 48,000 mosques…but not a single church.
– 30% of the world's population (more than 2 billion people) have had virtually no exposure to the Gospel.
– The New Testament has been translated into the mother tongue of over 80% of the world's population. However the remaining approximately 20% will require over 5,500 new translations.
– There are an estimated 6,700 unreached or nearly unreached people groups.
– The countries with the most unreached people groups in descending order; India, China, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh.
– 98% of all unreached people groups are located in the "10/40 Window".
Here's some food for thought; Jesus died more then 2,000 years ago. If it was God's ultimate goal to rapture us all out of this "old god-forsaken world", then why are we still here? What are we still waiting for? One person told me, "Jesus is building my mansion in heaven." Really? It took him 6 days to create the entire cosmos, yet he's been hung up with your "mansion" for 2,000 years? Not likely.
Heb. 10:12, 13 says, "but He, having offered one sacrifice for sins for all time, SAT DOWN AT THE RIGHT HAND OF GOD, waiting from that time onward UNTIL HIS ENEMIES BE MADE A FOOTSTOOL FOR HIS FEET." Since we are his hands and feet, then He must be waiting for…us. If He is waiting for us, and we are waiting for him, it would seem we are at an impasse. This is why Jesus told his disciples, "GO" into all the world and preach the Gospel. No more waiting and debating…just Go and PREACH.
Daniel Kolenda is an evangelist with Christ For All Nations working alongside Reinhard Bonnke, learn more at his website www.danielkolenda.com.
Or maybe I just hang with some good people.
While I don't necessarily agree with what the preacher presented (every prophecy being fulfilled), and I agree with the bulk of your message, I find the above statement a little reaching. I understand the analogy of us being the body of Christ….but somehow I don't think that he was referring to the church in that verse. ?
A pre-trib rapture is merely escapist dellusion, wishful thinking, and cannot be biblically substantiated. The sequence of events is exceedingly clear from a plethora of scriptural verses and for those comparing scripture with scripture, first the tribulation then the rapture. Where did these myths about a pre- mid- tribulation emenate/originate from?
@Christine: Can Christ be victorious without His Body? Can you imagine a scenario where there could be a fulfillment of the prophetic promise in Heb 10:13 without the partnership of the Church? Are we (the Church) merely spectators to the unfolding of history, or are we the agents of Divine omnipotence?
@Bill: I'm glad you've not been exposed to this kind of thinking. How I wish it were just a "straw man".
Thanks Daniel, though I know more believers in Turkey personally than you list (add a zero or two). The other fact of return prerequisite is the present nation of Israel, in its traditional contexts acknowledging their need for Him. "Blessed is He who comes in the Name of the Lord," which is an ongoing effort of those in Missions and those already converted in the Land of the People of the Book. The "Rapture" (parousia), according to Paul in Thesalonians 1 & 2 cannot occur until the Day of the Lord's appearing, and for His intention to complete promises made in the Tenach regarding restoration of his Kingdom for Messianic rule conditions to be in place in Israel (both letters discuss these prerequisites, and the likelihood of suffering for the Name being associated with political and spiritual conditions of apostacy in the world in that season). Just so, what you are suggesting regarding getting the Message to those not hearing, not churched, and not so becoming salt and light in their own nations is in the heart of our Lord's own commission.
Good word, brother. Now, to the harvest….
So, it then is impossible for a modern day Passover? Those who had the blood of the lamb on their door were spared from Gods wrath. Is it not possible that those who have the blood of the lamb on their hearts to be spared Gods wrath again? Remember we are talking about Gods wrath, not the current condition of a fallen world. I suppose we need to ask ourselves why would God pour His wrath on those who follow His Son?
To look at this another way Jesus will return when the Jews call for him. What would make the Jews do this since most Jews deny him? What would be the reason? They did not call out during the holocaust which one might think they would have. What if the Christian nation were about to go under a massive world-wide Holocaust of their own, and suddenly in some way they were supernaturally spared, (because they believe in the Son of God) perhaps even removed altogether? Would this not move the Jews to Jealousy as the bible predicts? Would this "event" not spread into the hearts of the Jews and have them call out to Jesus, so they would be spared a massive Islamic invasion? Would this not make them cry out as if the death of a first born son? A final act of recognition of the Messiah, as it were.
I don't see this as "entitlement" per se', I just see the possibility of a possible rapture to help soften the hearts of those who do not believe in Jesus Christ. We see how many change after the two witnesses are "raptured" up to the sky. At first many are rejoicing at the death of the two witnesses, and when they are resurrected and brought up, many fall to their faces and give glory to God, as if they are finally convinced. Perhaps if we think it through is it not conceivable it is they who go through the tribulation (as now the word "saints" appears again in the text) because they believe by miracles and the saints who came before believed by faith alone?
To take it a bit further it seems to me that a great multitude that no one could number is standing before the Lamb in white robes before the trumpets sound and the bowls of judgement empty?
Anyway, just a few thoughts. Blessings of the Lord.
Tim, You raise the matter of Redemptive inclusion of the Jews. This is discussed in several passages of the NT and the Tenach. There seems to be a convergance of actions, of Jewish Jerusalem history, and redemptive intention of God making it so. You might read the last part of the Third Temple forum of this magazine. Recall too that Jeremiah 31:34 comes after what some scholars believe to be a depiction of the Holocaust, of Jeremiah 30.
As for a "rapture" away from tributlation's difficulty, the persecuted church over the centuries did not find it so, why around a supposed seven year period of "great tribulation" would it be so. We are not appointed for wrath. The letters to the Thesalonians, other letter's mention of conditions for the Return, late Revl. 19, and early 20, as well as Jesus remarks on the Mt. of Olives alluding to Daniel tell us to prepare for the Return, all seemingly coninciding with Zechariah. It seems such remarks were concentrated as to events surrounding Jerusalem, armies, great tribulation, and setting up a promised Kingdom. These events are very intertwined with inherent scripts about National religious Heritage Temple ideations, who will be the true Messiah, and the confession on the apparent appearing (present tense) when it occurs. Convergance in time, over a chosen Nation, for a government not yet seen on the planet.
The NIVNTBC puts it this way, regarding the Jewish Nation, and appplying the New Covenant.
will yet ratify it at the climax of her history .
Zech 12:9 On that day I will set out to destroy all the nations that attack Jerusalem. "And I will pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication. They will look on me, the one they have pierced, and they will mourn for him as one mourns for an only child, and grieve bitterly for him as one grieves for a firstborn son. 11 On that day the weeping in Jerusalem will be great, like the weeping of Hadad Rimmon in the plain of Megiddo. 12 The land will mourn, each clan by itself, with their wives by themselves: the clan of the house of David and their wives, the clan of the house of Nathan and their wives, 13 the clan of the house of Levi and their wives, the clan of Shimei and their wives, 14 and all the rest of the clans and their wives.
Does this mean that another covenant needs to be made for either Israel or Gentiles? Obviously not, since both share redemption by faith in the blood of the new covenant. Writing to Hebrews of his time, including believing Hebrews, the writer of the letter to the Hebrews makes clear how the new covenant now avails for both (cf. Heb 8; see also Eph 3:1-7).
Some ask how the new covenant can apply to the church when it was to be negotiated with Israel and Judah. The historical argument is insurmountable: when the new covenant was inaugurated (see the gospel accounts), there was no church, nor could there be until the resurrection of Christ (cf Eph 1:22-23). Furthermore, although Jer 31 does not state it, the making of the new covenant was inextricably bound up with the crucifixion of Christ for all humankind. When Israel refused to enter into the covenant (cf. Isa 53; Mt 22:1-10; Lk 14:15-23), God having but one way of salvation for all ages of history, the offer of redemption (the procuring means of the covenant) went out to all people. Although the church is not explicitly seen in the OT, the salvation of non-Jews is predicted more than once (cf. Isa 49:1-7, esp. v. 6). It is the new truth of the NT that redeemed Jews and Gentiles constitute the church of this age. Salvation is possible only through the death of Christ, and this is the basis of the new covenant. All sinful humanity is thus in view in this covenant. Finally, Israel as a nation will ratify the covenant after the "full number of the Gentiles has come in" (Ro 11:25-27).
32 Jeremiah points out in this verse that the new covenant is built on the fact of Israel's failure under the old covenant. Because the old covenant was a legal one ("If you do . . . I will do"), it was incumbent on both parties to maintain its provisions. Israel did not, for the people broke the first commandment before Moses descended from Sinai. The fault lay with the people and their sin; they broke the covenant. Thus the new covenant must supersede the old. If the old covenant had not been broken, then what need was there for the ministry of Jeremiah or any of the OT prophets?
And so with over 12 temple reconstruction organizations in Israel proper, some well endowed–each differing in approach to the challenge, the time is short for Daniel K's burden and adminishion to come to pass. Years ago, when receiving the Messiah on my knees in my Grandmother's back bedroom after reading Matthew and John, and asking Him to show me if He was "really real" (He did), the first fellowship of believers I shared was marked by dreams of us literally running door to door because of the sense of timely urgency. I expect that to literally occur in this decade.
Psalm 110 is quoted numerous times in the N.T.; many reliable translations omit the phrase "for his feet," but regardless, we (the church) are not sitting down at the right hand of God (the place of honor reserved for the Son who is to be worshipped). Again, Psalm 110 is a messianic Psalm, it is not talking about the church (or Israel).
complete, except in Christ. However, Warnock and the Manifested Sons teachers reverse that statement, teaching that Christ is not complete without us!
How does that compare with this statement?
Bill, Excellent balancing statement, well thought out and indeed so. However, as we are the awaiting Bride of the coming Bridegroom, we are instructed to have our lamps trimmed, and to make ourselves ready. The fact remains that others do not know unless they hear the message, and the message comes by hearing the word of God through someone, somewhere.
It is indeed cautioning for any certain group to assume they have the answers for what is missing, when it is God in Christ who does indeed, is the Lord of Redemption, and the overseer of history. Resting in that needs too the completion of obedience to claim what the word says the blood does–not only in our own relationship, but in the extension of the Kingdom to others. How this occurs may simply be a matter of looking into your and your friends own stories of grace and truth knocking at their own hearts doors, for the initial interchange, the Promise, and the future hope.
What some of those insisting on ecstatic experience orchestrated beneath their fingertips have missed is that we all are formed into "One New Man', yet another analogy of Paul on the essential teaching that we are now found in community, needing the mutual edification of all to be rightly related to one another and He who sits on the Throne.
I too have caution on the often hidden agendas of those who believe they hold the power of God in their own grasp for its command and assertion, where so. It is Jesus and the Spirit who brings testimony of Him who has introduced the Divine Plan of His Cross being sufficient, and Jesus who will do the work of salvation. Just so, telling our testimony and preaching His Gospel (luke 5:31) of repentance is in the mix. The fine balance of not preaching ourselves, but Him, is a matter indeed of connection to the head when so serving (II Cor. 4:5).
I indeed hold to the great commission. We are charged to do the work of God, in partnership, but IMHO God's timetable is not at the mercy of man. God is soverign, and indeed if we will not work with him, he will raise up some who will.
Here's an exciting video. No, the gospel has not been preached to the entire world, but we are certainly closer today than yesterday.
That's a great video, Bill, thanks for sharing!
Yes, what a glorious video!
interesting debate! Just to say that whilst some of the "Latter Rain' (Warnock etc) teaching has gone too far, we must not be guilty of rejecting everything. Warnock, though at times has an overly realised eschatology, is a very Godly man, powerfully used of God in the 50s. I encourage you to read my article on Prophets, citing some of the very first brothers mightily touched in that original outpouring.
Whilst some of that teaching may have become overly triumphalistic, I do believe that God was still emphasising the presence of His Kingdom to the Church in a real way; causing her to come out of an overly futuristic eschatology which produced pessimism, toward a more optimistic and realised stance. I believe George Ladd's teaching on this is excellent.
When Jesus returns I believe we will be shocked by how much of the Kingdom was now, and yet, coupled with persecutions, hardships, strife for His Name's sake, and inheriting a glory to come in the ages to come.
With persecutions, hardships, nakedness and sword, I think the Lord is about show the Body of Jesus what that means 'today', because it has implications NOW in our preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom, as well as in the ages to come.
Lastly, I know that some feel uncomfortable with the whole 'manifest sons of God' teaching. Whilst I would disagree with much of it myself, again for the reasons above, we must study Scripture prayerfully, and see that what God is working in the earth is the revelation of the 'the Son' amoung many 'brothers'. Sonship is the key issue of the plan of God. Those who in receiving Him, have become co-heirs, both now and fully in the age to come. THAT has massive implications especially in light of where the Church in the West is at today, and where we need to be for Jesus' Return.
While I recall reading the Manifest Sons of God literature in the early 1970s, after my conversion, it always seemed futuristic and a little weird at that time. Defining the future of redemption in terms of a supposed us, not Him. The meetings attended at Camps Farthest Out on the east coast at the time were very show and tell centered phenonenologically at the time. Some of the worship songs though still echo in my soul. Derek Prince, Don Basham, Charles Simpson, etc. were the speakers who constantly interpreted all religious involvments in terms of the gifts of the Spirit and evolving guidance as something totally detached by the Holy Spirit from what church had been about. Even so, much seemed contrived and meeting oriented, not simply of the Lord moving in the land. I heard much later about the Asbury phenomena, and read even later about how it happened, in a totally noncontrived nonorchestrated manner. Self absorption was not its legacy, whereas it has been of the so-called Charismatic Renewal movement of that era.
It seems obvious then, in the light of II Cor 4:5, that this untouched generation of indulgent materialistic cynicism requires a less self absorbed approach to their evalgelism and "awakening". Why not let God himself do the core work, and respond as servants of others for His sake. There is always the Asbury model of 1970 as the least manipulated example for the regeneration of a generation. I wrote on that in another forum here for good reason.
A sobering warning to all here. Consider how your loyalties work, the comradery of schooling together, having come from a cadre of affirmation of this or that belief system, and too what God would do in this generation if you are willing to become his servants, and step aside for Him to do the work. Consider how your loyalties may be blinding you as to means and methods, yield to the intentions of Christ, allow Him to formulate touching this entire generation. Instead of viewing yourselves as the fulcrums of revival, humble yourselves this fall, each day confessing and petitioning, requesting as it were, for the Holy Spirit of Jesus Christ to come and affect this upcoming godless generation. The model is sound, of good report, and quickening and magnifying of the Message of Him, who holds our key to redemption. Those who would put the gifts under their fingertips, step aside, get on your knees, examine your own hearts and minds, and request of Him to visit and touch and change this upcoming generation. Our continent is fragmented, dissipated, and preoccupied with cares, riches, and itself. The Asbury model does not put us in the middle of the actual mix of resulting testimony and visitation magnification–it permits Him to do the visiting. Let it be so.
Andrew, I left out a specific response, above. To coin "sonship" rather than affirm it would be in error. It is one reality of adoption, among many. To coin any pet message can then glean from the fields and waters representing the people in scripture to gain a following for oneself. Consider how one's loyalties work, and how easily they can be won and misdirect an entire generation. "Sonship" is just OK. Following Him is better.
Why self elect another priesthood for what God would do with a priesthood of believers in this upcoming generation? Why add to spiritual Babylon, by erecting a pet doctrine for a considered adherence and inevitable loyalty gained from those our Lord would woo to His side??? CONSIDER HOW OUR HUMAN LOYALTIES WORK>are we willing to step aside and let Him do the work, Him lead the effort, HIM BE THE CHOSEN ONE???
I find no "debate" here, just considerable understanding and misunderstanding of the heart and Way of Christ.
Consider how our loyalties work, why pettify these tendencies. The heart was meant for Jesus Kingdom.
Caught in the Act of a vanity of ministerial intention. Go and sin no more.
Daniel asked, with a perusaded bent toward this manipulable plane, "are we the agents of Divine omnipotence"? No, Daniel, we are not. We are adopted children of God, to wash our garments in the blood of the lamb, and to offer a related testimony of HE WHO IS WORTHY. Casting crowns is in order to the challenge.
Jabez, I think that you possibly mis-understand my statement on sonship. Understanding that our sonship is 'in the Son' firstly and finally.
I encourage you to read the Scriptures in the light of Creation, fall, God preserving a people, calling out Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, to become Israel – God's firstborn son. Then themselves having to submit as sons to the fatherly dealings of God, with only those submitting as such inheriting the promised through the Son.
Then the Son, coming as the manifestation of God's glory, laying down His life for the nations, and identifying with Israel's sonship: 'out of Egpyt I have called My Son'.
Now through a victorious work, He gives us the downpayment of the Spirit of sonship, to experience through suffering and then glory, as sons like Christ in baptism (behold my beloved Son) the wilderness testings (if you are the Son) into victory and promise (all akin to Israel – God's firstborn).
Then, as Hebrews says: He is not ashamed to call us HIs brothers… And ultimately sons are seen in the renewal of all things – 1 Corinthians 15, and ultimately ruling and reigning with Him for all eternity. The key being IN Him.
I therefore suggest that sonship is more than a 'pet theme' but actually the very heart of God for us through redeption, made possible, and revealed in and through the Chief Son and Heir.
BILL: You are right on in making that distinction, which is perhaps where some go wrong IMO. None the less, we do as much dis-service to the Lord by disconnecting His headship and Lordship from His Body. He is 'the First fruits' of many. That does not put the people of God in His place – that alone belongs to Him. But it is His heart to bring 'many sons to glory' ultimately, and for us to live a victorious Kingdom life in this troubled world now. Either extreme can lead to trouble and violate the Gospel of God.
Andrew, I wrote what would be in error on the term you used, where and when so. If what was raised is not the case, we have nothing to contend about whatsoever. I would be in error to ascribe without considered evidence or true knowledge of intention. It is good to disclose your intention, as you have indeed clarified and given your outline of thought development on the theme raised. It is very good that you quickly responded here to correct any misinterpretation of your intention and purpose, where so.
Recall that what Bill addressed, and I mentioned as to past experiences with the Manifest Sons of God literature (as was equally distributed with the Holy Spirit Teaching Mission literature at their teaching rallies in the 1970s): as a context to which you responded here. This was set by two responders as was about stretching what is written into what might loosely be called the development of a buzz phrase-like "pet" doctrine overassuming about "us". Such stuff saturated the movement in that season.
It is a little like certain Messianic groups believing that they are Ephriam, an essentially nonvital and very stretched assumption. The tendency was then, and now, that as "truth" was embraced by stimulated devotees (stimulated as to identification vanity), they became devotees of such, not of Jesus, per se. This kept many from following Jesus as His own disciples–instead they followed this one or that one (Apollos, or ?).
I apologize where my remarks seem assumptive. And ask, why "sonship", why not simply adopted sons, brothers, and kinsmen-redeemers as to forming such a thematic and practical assertion of God's intention? I have no lovers quarrel with your outline as given. In the above dialogue of most parties, it seems I and some others have raised certain concerns on what was being stretched by Daniel, and how he saw a ministry by ministers of the Gospel in the mix. Certainly affirming being sons, as called out for purpose, differs from coinage of a tight sounding appealing concept–hence the warning and caution.
The context of your first response was regarding the Warnoc etc., seeing their contribution as vital was called into question by probing here, yes of what you wrote and shared–being very much in part, but too, in the context of defending Warnoc ideed. I have no quarrel with your take on adoption for purpose, as sons, in this illustration, or that one. I have a quarrel with finding followers for anyone, or any doctrine, other than of those asserted by the King of the Kingdom.
Just as I would be in error, if ascribing to you some tendency without knowledge of what you would do, assert, and assume, I wait and see what you will do indeed.
"Now through a victorious work, He gives us the downpayment of the Spirit of sonship, to experience through suffering and then glory, as sons like Christ in baptism (behold my beloved Son) the wilderness testings (if you are the Son) into victory and promise (all akin to Israel – God's firstborn)".
Unpacking all in this paragraph should indeed show your actual intention, to conform to or add to the Word of God, about us, as such. Where we preach Him, it will be abiding in the resurrection of I Cor. 15, and, if adding to such, without the qualification of Paul of II Cor 4:5, what will be the case of defining what may be in sight as to your development of "sonship"???
As to the title of this article, perhaps some wait for the Divine sense of appointed time. Consider the Asbury model of revival and renewal: which spilled over to a whole generation starting in 1970.


text:
Q: R: Creating an RD plot using rdplot, with the date as the running variable I have a survey dataset that looks like this. It has the date when the survey was filled out by the respondent, and the results of the survey. I'm interested in Q2, which has answers ranging from 0 to 4:
| Year | Month | Date | Formatted_Date | Formatted_Date2 |   Q2   |
|------|-------|------|----------------|-----------------|--------|
| 2018 |   6   |  10  |   2018-06-10   |       17692     |    4   |
| 2018 |   6   |  12  |   2018-06-12   |       17694     |    3   |
| 2018 |   6   |  14  |   2018-06-14   |       17696     |    2   |
| 2018 |   6   |  18  |   2018-06-18   |       17700     |    4   |
| 2018 |   6   |  21  |   2018-06-21   |       17703     |    3   |
| 2018 |   7   |  22  |   2018-07-22   |       17734     |    1   |
| 2018 |   7   |  23  |   2018-07-24   |       17736     |    1   |

I want to produce a regression discontinuity scatter plot that has Q2 on the y-axis, and the date on the x-axis with the cutoff at October 7th, 2018. I also would like to impose a line showing the means on either side of the cutoff. I've installed the rddensity, rdrobust, and rddtools packages, but I've really only tried working with the rdplot command.
First, I tried rdplot(df$Q2, df$Formatted_Date, c = "2018-10-07", binselect = "qs"), but then I got this error:
Error in `-.Date`(c, x_min) : can only subtract from "Date" objects
Then I thought maybe something is weird about working with the date class in RD plots, so I created the second date variable that you see in the table above: df$Formatted_Date2 <- as.numeric(df$Formatted_Date).
I then ran this command: rdplot(df$Q2, df$Formatted_Date2, c = 17811, binselect = "qs"). I then got this error:
Error in chol.default(crossprod(x)) : the leading minor of order 3 is not positive definite.
At this point, I'm really stumped. I don't understand either error, and I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong (I've really just started using R). Any help would be greatly appreciated, and apologies if the question isn't well-formatted!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar).
January 25 - The London Corresponding Society is founded by Carlton Schulman.
March 16 - King of Sweden Gustav III Shot in the back by Jacob Johan Anckarstr�m at a midnight masquerade at the Royal Opera in Stockholm, on March 16, he expired on March 29 succeeded by Gustav IV Adolf.
April 21 - Tiradentes, prime figure in the Inconfid�ncia Mineira plot, is executed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
August 10 - French Revolution: Storming of the Tuileries Palace. Louis XVI of France is arrested and taken into custody.
September 11 - Six men steal some of the former French Crown jewels from a warehouse the revolutionary government uses to store them.
September 21-22 - French convention abolishes the monarchy and establishes the First Republic.
September 21 - Battle of Valmy - French revolutionary army defeats Prussians under Duke of Brunswick after 7-hour artillery duel.
October 29 - Mt. Hood (Oregon) is named after the British naval officer Alexander Arthur Hood by Lt. William E. Broughton who spotted the mountain near the mouth of the Willamette River.
French revolution comes to an end, monarchy is abolished and French Republic is declared on September 22; Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle composes La Marseillaise aka "Marche pour les arm�es du Rhin".
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1. The biggest portion of your flower budget is usually dedicated to centerpieces. If you have a large guest list you will likely require a larger floral budget.
2. If you have 8 bridesmaids you will be spending more than twice the "average" for attendants' bouquets. Much like the guest list, a smaller bridal party will help keep costs down.
3. Seasonal flowers may sound like code for "cheap & easily available", but that's not the case. Seasonal flowers like peonies, lily of the valley and many others can be reasonably priced, but if they are well grown and in demand they will not be inexpensive.
4. Details that add interest to your decor, but also add onto your budget like decorated tent poles, petals for the aisle and anything hanging from the ceiling may need to be cast aside.
5. Be honest about your ideal flower budget. If you remain open to suggestions from your floral designer on how to maximize your budget you will likely get the best results.
The truth is you simply cannot have it all on a strict flower budget.
If you want beautiful flowers, but you don't want to spend a lot the best option is to have a smaller wedding. Once your guest list reaches 200 your ideas of "budget florals" are quite frankly out the window!
Skip the custom linens and stick with the white or ivory provided by your venue.
Opt out of the fancy ride to the wedding if no one will see you emerge from your vehicle.
Forget about the late-night menu (caterers often suggest that this is not necessary anyway).
And in general, don't hire vendors that blow one piece of your desired budget out of the water leaving you to skimp in other areas.
A beautiful wedding is all about balance at the end of the day!


It was the third Sunday of the pilgrimage. But because of space shortage at the small campsite on a wooded slope in Garoli Patal, happiness of the pilgrims ran out by the morning. A number of pilgrims who slept hungry and in open yesterday flied off the handle easily in the morning conversations. It was mildly cold. Some of the pilgrims warmed their bodies with beedi, with cigarette, and by wood fire. People who had pitched their personal tents were busy in winding up the camp and moving to the next halt Vedni. It is believed that Ganesh, the son of Parvati (Nanda Devi) and Shiva, created Vedas at Vedni. A few parasol carriers cooked their own breakfast. Public performed puja and sought blessings of the goddess before starting the trek.
An antidote to the grey morning was probably readily available in the refreshing views of snowcapped Trisul and Nanda Ghunti. And the sky changed the garb slowly and did not change it again until late afternoon when the drizzle and heavy rain drops intermittently bathed the lush lively meadow. So we enjoyed brilliant blue sky with spectacular clouds for a number of hours.
The trail suddenly came to a halt at an open air temple in Goliyaun. The temple housed two unique natural stones representing the deity that invited everyone's attention.
After a short steep climb, we reached the stunning spacious meadow that was dotted with tents of various cheerful colors. As soon as I entered the meadow, my eyes accidently touched two donkeys in tandem. One was born as mule and was quietly grazing on an empty slope. The other was a man in late 30s or so. The shameless man was attentive although deeply engrossed in the act of relieving himself in a public place brimming with people. He was enjoying the act and trying to spray the unwanted water oozing from his private parts as far as he could. He wore a smile. But when he realized my lens was aiming at him the expression changed to anguish. He pleaded with me for not to take the picture, without any remorse.
As I moved, atmosphere of the meadow changed. The devotees and owners pampered the rams. The pilgrims danced to folk songs. The simple slow dance movements were easy to follow. Some of the pilgrims awaited their turns in the free food queue. The pilgrims even waited for their orders at a make-shift eatery Roopkund Restaurant that served simple meals, tea, and Maggi (noodles). One of the parasol carriers wore a garland of ten rupee notes like bridegrooms wear in North Indian marriages and blew the conch. The parasols doubled as deity idols and received gifts in cash and kind. Puja was performed in front of the parasols.
With parikramas, pujas at the Nanda Devi temple at its bank, and holy dips, status of the receding Vedani Kund rose suddenly. The size of the procession reduced as some devotees and divine representatives returned. For example, the palanquin of Lata returned from the meadow but the palanquin of Nanda Devi from Sidhpeetha Kurad continued the pilgrimage. A few tall religious symbols added more color and visibility to the procession. But it was still a dwarf in front of the lofty Himalayas.
Have a look at Vedni visuals from the 15th day of Nanda Raj Jat 2014.
The pilgrims wake up to a grey mountain morning in Garoli Patal.
The Kurad team looking after the palanquin of Raj Rajeswari rests in a rain shelter in Garoli Patal, Chamoli.
Colorful community tents pitched by Uttarakhand government in Garoli Patal.
The pilgrims use beedi, cigarettes, and wood fire for warmth in Garoli Patal.
A group of parasol carriers readies to leave Garoli Patal.
A group of ceremonial parasol carriers cook breakfast at Garoli Patal.
The parasol carriers leave Garoli Patal for Vedni.
The palanquin of Nanda Devi rests on its way to Vedni.
Goliyaun / Doliyaun, a brief transit point along Garoli-Vedni trail, houses an open air temple where two stones represent the deity.
The Uttarakhand government pitches tents for pilgrims at Vedni.
The palanquin of Nanda Devi and the religious symbol reach Vedni.
The pilgrims await for free meals at Vedni.
The government tent colony for pilgrims at Vedni.
The pilgrims perform a folk dance at Vedni.
Roopkund Restaurant serves basic meals at Vedni.
The devotees sway to religious lyrics at Vedni before leaving for the next destination.
Priest community performs pujas and rituals at Vedni.
The pilgrims take a holy dip in cold water of the Vedni Kund.
Ceremonial parasols await the pilgrims in Vedni.
(L to R) A parasol carrier blows a conch at Vedni. A 4-horn ram at Vedni.


Shetland Islands Council has scored a significant victory on behalf of the isles' fishing industry in its battle with the European Commission over an attempt to force fishermen to pay back almost £1.5 million-worth of small grants made to them by the local authority over a 10-year period.
The Commission had been trying to force the SIC to recover 78 grants made under a first-time shareholder scheme between 1994 and 2003. Following months of negotiations with the EU and the Scottish and UK governments, agreement has been reached that the council only needs to claw back £55,097 rather than the initial £1.5 million.
The original sum included compound interest and risked bankrupting some smaller concerns. But the council said the smaller sum had now been recovered after a period of "intensive negotiation", the outcome of which had the effect of "significantly limiting the potential impact on all the individuals concerned and on the fishing industry". The case has now been closed.
SIC convener Sandy Cluness said the council was thankful for the assistance of the Scottish government in particular for resolving the dispute. When the ruling was made in late 2007, there was heavy criticism locally of the UK government's refusal to step in and launch an appeal, despite it being the nation state against which the Commission's state aid ruling was made.
If the Commission had not reneged, the council could have had to spent up to £250,000 on funding the appeal in the European Court of Justice.
The payments were originally made on the basis that the application of de minimis rules, under which states can dish out payments of around £24,000 to companies in the fishing industry over a three-year period, would mean the grants did not constitute state aid.
"All in all it was a victory, mainly thanks to the staff involved," said Mr Cluness. "Originally we were having to ask folk to pay back grants over £1 million. We lodged a defence in court, though fortunately it never got there.


Queenstown must be top on the list of any places to visit in New Zealand and for many very good reasons. The scenery (made famous through Queenstown being the setting for "The Lord of the Rings" and many other films) is breathtaking. Unique amongst alpine resort towns it is filled with things to do all year round. And things to do there are, with more adventure activities than almost any place on earth. It is home to the world's first commercial bungy jump and in the winter becomes the leading ski resort town in the southern hemisphere.
But there is a lot more to Queenstown than just bungy jumps and skiing. It is a sophisticated town with superb accommodation and dining (complimented by the region's own world class wines). Increasing number of international visitors (including celebrities) are buying property here.
Queenstown is situated nearly 600 kilometers (375 miles) south of Christchurch in the Central Otago region of the South Island of New Zealand.
It sits on the shore of Lake Wakatipu and is surrounded by the mountains of the Southern Alps, including the aptly named Remarkables.
Queenstown has its own international airport, although it currently only receives international flights from Australia (Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane). There are local flights to and from Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch.
By road, Queenstown is a six hour drive from Christchurch or 3 ½ hours from Dunedin.
With mountains, rivers, lakes and history there is no shortage of things to explore in and around Queenstown.
Skiing and Snowboarding: The world class ski fields of The Remarkables, Cardrona and Treble Cone are all only a short distance away and are open between June and October.
Fishing: The surrounding lakes and rivers are abundant in trout and other fish.
Hiking and Tramping: Mt Aspiring National Park, part of the UNESCO World Heritage region of Te Wahipounamu, is on the doorstep. Everything from short strolls to multi-day tramps are open to all.
Jetboating: The Shotover, Kawarau and Dart rivers all operate thrilling jet boat rides through narrow canyons and other spectacular scenery.
Whitewater rafting: Go for a wild ride on the Shotover or Kawarau rivers.
Historical Tours: This was a thriving gold mining area; try your hand at goldpanning in a river or visit the old mining town of Arrowtown.
Sightseeing (including visits to "The Lord of the Rings" locations). Wherever you look the scenery will take your breath away.
Wine tasting: Wines from Central Otago are renowned as amongst the best in New Zealand, particularly from the pinot noir grape. A number of the wineries are open for tours and tasting.
Visiting Lake Wanaka: This beautiful lake and township are less than an hour away and have a special character all of their own.
Anything else you can possibly think of to do outdoors, including kayaking, mountain biking and flying. And of course don't forget to try a bungy jump!
Queenstown has a wide selection of restaurants and cafes. Some, such as at the top of the gondola ride or those on the lakefront, also offer a memorable location.
Some of the best luxury accommodation in the world is to be found in Queenstown, including the award winning Sofitel and the recently opened Hilton. There are also many options at all levels, including hotels, apartments, campgrounds and motorhome/campervan parks.
Queenstown has four distinct seasons and it is great to visit at any time of year. It is busiest during the winter ski season and in the summer months of January/February when accommodation can be a premium. New Zealand school holiday periods are also extremely busy.
Autumn (fall) and Spring are quieter but are beautiful in the Central Otago region. The poplar trees, which are a distinctive feature of the Queenstown landscape, are stunning at these times.


text:
Scott Tallon Walker Alumni
Author: Sheila Carney
Sheila Carney is co-lead director of our London studio. She plays a pivotal role in expanding STW's presence in the UK market.
At Scott Tallon Walker, we have always recognised that those who work with us are our most valuable asset
Since 1928, people from all corners of the world, have found a creative home for their talents at 19 and 20 Merrion Square Dublin; a welcome that has grown to all of our regional offices. Working side by side, in the pursuit of architectural excellence, has forged many a friendship lasting a lifetime.
Scott Tallon Walker Architects are now on Linkedin and many of our current staff are already listed on Linkedin. The facilities which are available on Linkedin are available as a professional platform for those that have left our company, and wish to remain in contact with existing or past staff members.
We have been digging through the archives and have published some Archive Photographs which are now available on Flickr. The Scott Tallon Walker Flickr page is a wonderful resource where you can find current images of Scott Tallon Walker staff and their buildings. Of particular interest on our Vimeo site is Poetry of Vision, which was the title given to the innovative series which was initiated by the architect, Michael Scott. Also published is a documentary titled 'Michael Scott – A Changing Man', highlighting Michael Scott's contribution and vision to Ireland's 20th Century cultural heritage.
Please follow us on Twitter for regular updates on publications on our website and other media.
Architecture at the Edge Festival 2020
Museum of Literature Ireland - Architecture Ireland, Issue 311
RIAI Public Choice Award


text:
Billy Riley
Surfing The Edge
Drowning By Numbers
The Butterfly Collector
Your 12 Week Guide to Cycling
Your 12 Week Guide to Swimming
Words of Wisdom Interviews
Heart of a Murderer
UK Talk Radio Interview April 2017
Obscurity
Hide in plain sight
Archives Select Month January 2022 November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 June 2021 May 2021 January 2021 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 February 2020 September 2019 August 2019 September 2017 July 2017 June 2017 March 2017 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 February 2016 January 2016 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 May 2015 February 2015 January 2015 November 2014 July 2014 May 2014 March 2014 January 2014 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 July 2010 April 2010 January 2010 August 2009 February 2008
Tweets by @ardickson
Adam Dickson Amazon Author bipolar disorder blog blogging blogs books change character crime cynicism e-books editing fiction film fitness god Graham Greene health humour Kindle lifestyle meditation mental health Motivation movies Neville Heath non-fiction novel novelist novels obsession philosophy proofreading publishers rewrite scientist screenplay The Butterfly Collector twitter wellbeing writer writer's block Writing
Happy New Yawn…
Published by Adam on 31st December 2010
I'm too old for nightclubs, too cynical for cable TV, and too greedy to lose weight in this lifetime or however many it takes to reach enlightenment. But I can wish all my family and friends, not to mention the countless thousands of followers of this blog, a happy and prosperous new year! Keep smiling …
Time off for good behaviour
Published by Adam on 29th December 2010
Holiday … it would be so nice! Why stop when you're on a roll? Surely the thing to do is to milk the cow while the going's good? But experience proves that, whatever line of work you happen to be in, taking a break is the best option in the long run. Taking a break works on many levels. Firstly, you get…
Continue readingTime off for good behaviour
Mining gems from the Cesspool
Published by Adam on 23rd December 2010
Writing is perhaps the most beguiling of art forms. In fiction, for instance, we tend to avoid the more unpalatable facts of our existence and settle for a glossy approximation instead. We allude to these depths without being too explicit. And with good reason. Think what goes through your mind in an average twenty-four hour cycle. Would you really want this carnage imposed on your readers? The…
Continue readingMining gems from the Cesspool
Derek and Clive
'All right, love, you can come out of the cubicle…' So begins a wonderfully anarchic sketch from the late Peter Cook and Dudley Moore, as their alter egos Derek and Clive. Their first album Derek and Clive (Live), made in 1976, received mixed reviews but was quickly adopted by the punk generation and hailed as a masterpiece. Peter Cook began life as a…
Continue readingDerek and Clive
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text:
<img src="./src/icon.svg" width="64">

# CraftCMS Asset Rev / Cache Busting
[![tests](https://github.com/clubstudioltd/craft-asset-rev/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/clubstudioltd/craft-asset-rev/actions/workflows/tests.yml)
[![Latest Stable Version](https://poser.pugx.org/clubstudioltd/craft-asset-rev/v/stable)](https://packagist.org/packages/clubstudioltd/craft-asset-rev)
[![Total Downloads](https://poser.pugx.org/clubstudioltd/craft-asset-rev/downloads)](https://packagist.org/packages/clubstudioltd/craft-asset-rev)
[![Latest Unstable Version](https://poser.pugx.org/clubstudioltd/craft-asset-rev/v/unstable)](https://packagist.org/packages/clubstudioltd/craft-asset-rev)
[![License](https://poser.pugx.org/clubstudioltd/craft-asset-rev/license)](https://packagist.org/packages/clubstudioltd/craft-asset-rev)

**Looking for Craft 2 Support?** [Asset Rev for Craft 2](https://github.com/clubstudioltd/craft-asset-rev/tree/v5)

A Twig extension for CraftCMS that helps you cache-bust your assets using configurable strategies.

## Why?
In order to speed up the load time of your pages, you can set a far-future expires header on your images, stylesheets and scripts. However, when you update those assets you'll need to update their file names to force the browser to download the updated version.

Using a manifest file is the recommended approach - you can read up on why using query strings isn't ideal [here](http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/).

## Strategies
This plugin allows you to configure multiple cache-busting strategies for your asset filenames.  The plugin comes with three strategies out of the box:

### Manifest File
`css/main.css` will be replaced with the corresponding hashed filename as defined within your assets manifest `.json` file.

If the contents of your manifest file are...

```json
{
    "css/main.css": "css/main.a9961d38.css",
    "js/main.js": "js/main.786087f5.js"
}
```

then `rev('css/main.css')` will expand to `css/main.a9961d38.css`.

**Please note:** This plugin __does not__ create manifest files; instead they should be generated during your build process using [Gulp Rev](https://github.com/sindresorhus/gulp-rev), [Laravel Mix](https://github.com/JeffreyWay/laravel-mix) or another comparable tool.

### Query String
Append a query string to your file, based on the time it was last modified. For example: `rev('css/main.css')` will expand to something like `css/main.css?1473534554`.

### Passthrough
Returns the original filename, without modification. This is useful if all other cache-busting strategies fail.

## Strategy Pipeline
Pipelines allow you to attempt multiple cache-busting strategies in sequence. If one strategy fails, the plugin can proceed to try and cache-bust the asset filename using the next strategy in the pipeline.

The default pipeline is `manifest|querystring|passthrough` and will:

1. Attempt to use the `ManifestFileStrategy`. If it can't, because the manifest file doesn't exist, it will throw a `ContinueException` that defers cache-busting to the next strategy in the pipeline…
2. Attempt to use the `QueryStringStrategy`. If it can't, because it can't find the asset file, it will throw another `ContinueException` that defers cache-busting to the final default strategy…
3. Returns the original filename using the closure-based pass-through strategy.

**Need to provide your own cache-busting logic?** Simply create your own implementation of the Strategy class or define a Closure in the configuration file.

## Installation
Install via the Plugin Store within your Craft 3 installation or using Composer: `composer require clubstudioltd/craft-asset-rev`

## Configuration
The plugin comes with a `config.php` file that defines some sensible defaults.

If you want to set your own values you should create a `assetrev.php` file in your Craft config directory. The contents of this file will get merged with the plugin defaults, so you only need to specify values for the settings you want to override.

### Strategies
`strategies` is where you define the strategies you'd like to try to rev your asset filename. You can provide the name of a class that implements `StrategyContact` or a custom closure. The defaults should cater to most requirements.

### Pipeline
`pipeline` allows you to set the order of the configured strategies you'd like to try when revving your asset file names. The default of: `manifest|querystring|passthrough` should be adequate for most use-cases.

### Manifest Path
`manifestPath` is where Craft should look for your manifest file. Non-absolute paths will be relative to the base path of your Craft installation (whatever `CRAFT_BASE_PATH` is set to).

### Assets Base Path
`assetsBasePath` is the the base path to your assets. Again, this is relative to your craft base directory, unless you supply an absolute directory path.

### Asset Url Prefix
`assetUrlPrefix` will be prepended to the output of `rev()`.

**Note:** You can use Yii aliases in your configuration values.

## An Example Config File
```php
<?php
return array(
    '*' => array(
        'strategies' => [
            'manifest' => \club\assetrev\utilities\strategies\ManifestFileStrategy::class,
            'querystring' => \club\assetrev\utilities\strategies\QueryStringStrategy::class,
            'passthrough' => function ($filename, $config) {
                return $filename;
            },
        ],
        'pipeline' => 'manifest|querystring|passthrough',
        'manifestPath' => 'resources/assets/assets.json',
        'assetsBasePath' => '../public/build/',
        'assetUrlPrefix' => '@web/assets',
    ),
);
```

## Usage
Once activated and configured you can use the `rev()` function in your templates.

```html
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ rev('css/main.css') }}">
```

## Custom Strategies
Need to provide your own cache-busting logic? Create your own Strategy class or simply use a Closure.

### Example Strategy Class
```php
<?php

namespace your\namespace;

use club\assetrev\utilities\Strategy;
use club\assetrev\exceptions\ContinueException;

class QueryStringStrategy extends Strategy
{
    public function rev($filename)
    {
        // add your logic to manipulate $filename here...
        return $filename;
    }
}
```

### Example Closure
Your method will have access to the asset filename and the plugin configuration array.

```php
function ($filename, $config) {
    // add your logic to manipulate $filename here...
    return $filename;
}
```


text:
William Clark (Bill) Steinkraus (Cleveland (Ohio), 12 oktober 1925 – Darien (Connecticut), 29 november 2017) was een Amerikaans ruiter, die gespecialiseerd was in springen.

Loopbaan
Steinkraus nam vijfmaal deel aan de Olympische Zomerspelen. Bij zijn olympische debuut in Helsinki won Steinkraus met de Amerikaanse ploeg de bronzen medaille; hij won ook nog tweemaal zilver in de landenwedstrijd in Rome en München. Steinkraus' grootste succes was het winnen van olympisch goud in de individuele wedstrijd in Mexico-Stad.

Resultaten
 Olympische Zomerspelen 1952 in Helsinki 11e individueel springen met Hollandia
 Olympische Zomerspelen 1952 in Helsinki  landenwedstrijd springen met Hollandia
 Olympische Zomerspelen 1956 in Stockholm 15e individueel springen met Night Owl
 Olympische Zomerspelen 1956 in Stockholm 5e landenwedstrijd springen met Night Owl
 Olympische Zomerspelen 1960 in Rome 15e individueel springen met Riviera Wonder
 Olympische Zomerspelen 1960 in Rome  landenwedstrijd springen met Riviera Wonder
 Olympische Zomerspelen 1968 in Mexico-Stad  individueel springen met Snowbound
 Olympische Zomerspelen 1972 in München 22e individueel springen met Snowbound
 Olympische Zomerspelen 1972 in München  landenwedstrijd springen met Snowbound

Amerikaans olympisch kampioen
Amerikaans ruiter
Springruiter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Revengeofthe5th.net: See Some Crazy Millennium Falcon Alternate Designs!
See Some Crazy Millennium Falcon Alternate Designs!
The Millenium Falcon in Solo doesn't look much different from the ship fans have come to love.
But as you can see above, there were some rather wild alternate designs that would have given the ship's body quite the overhaul, and you can see even more alternate Millennium Falcon designs below.
Read and see more at /Film.


2. Tear off the protection film and protection paper card on the two side of organic glass board .
3. Stick the transparent reflection film on the inside of the organic glass board .
Take off the protection film of the reflection film, then the information will display .


. Even if there are myriads of reward tips that 1 can consider of, it even now stays a real truth that none of them can surpass the several beauty components that diamond jewellery components can provide.
Customarily, diamond bracelets are reserved for ladies, whilst diamond cuff one-way links appears to be like suitable for adult males. The first matter that the world-wide-web will permit yourself towards do is toward buy a list of jewelers that are in just your mounted powering distance.
) into consideration toward assure that on your own choose the best ring at the least complicated expense.


14K Yellow Gold Ring with one Sapphire totaling 0.30ct and nineteen Diamonds totaling 0.19ct in weight.
14K Yellow Gold pendant 1 amethyst and 38 Diamonds totaling 0.39ct in weight.
14K Yellow Gold Pendant with 0.75G Ametist and 23 Diamonds totaling 0.52ct in weight.
14K Yellow Gold Pendant with 1.65G Ametist and 31 Diamonds totaling 0.38ct in weight.
18K Yellow Gold pendant with 1 sapphir 1.38ct and 12 Diamonds totaling 0.53ct in weight.
18K Yellow Gold Ring with Diamonds.
18K Yellow Gold Ring with Diamond.
18K Yellow Gold ring with 1 amethyst and 17 Diamonds totaling 0.18ct in weight.
18K Yellow Gold ring with 1 amethyst and 18 Diamonds totaling 0.69ct in weight.
18K Yellow Gold ring with 1sapphir 1.38ct and 18 Diamonds totaling 0.72ct in weight.
18K Yellow ring with 1 Blue Topaz and 10 Diamonds totaling 0.29ct in weight.
18K Yellow Gold earrings with 2sapphires totaling 2.76ct and 24 Diamonds totaling 1.32ct in weight.
18K Yellow Gold earrings 2 amethyst and 76 Diamonds totaling 0.8ct in weight.
18K Yellow Gold earrings with 2 amethyst and 24 Diamonds totaling 1.08ct in weight.
18K Yellow Gold earrings with 2 topaz and 10 Diamonds totaling 0.2ct in weight.
18K Yellow Gold bangle with 1 blue topaz and 18 Diamonds totaling 0.5ct in weight.


The Beer Giraffe. Made for fun!
Design and build your own beer dispenser from scratch.You imagine it, we'll create it. Let's generate a buzz around your brand.
Pick from our vast selection of ready-made parts, for orders over 250. Then customize - logo and all.
Order one, two… or how many you need. Off-the-shelf drink dispensers ready to be shipped.
It started with a group of friends in a bar - ordering drinks at a rate the waitress couldn't keep up with. An idea struck: Let's create something we can have fun pouring straight out of! The Beer Giraffe was born. Since then we've been designing a vast range of tabletop beer towers and crafting fully customized beer dispensers sketched by our designers and customers - beverage companies, bars, restaurants and hotels, spread across 40 countries, who want to see their customers excited to pour more. Just like us!
Being the current Exclusive distributor of The Beer Giraffe in Central America has been a blast!!!!
We have revolutionized the way of serving Beer in Bars in Restaurants across markets in Central America with The Beer Giraffe.
We only sell the highest quality products and this has enabled us to bring breweries to interact with their consumers in a fun way.
The Beer Giraffe has helped us position ourselves as the leader in the Beer dispenser business in our markets, providing us with great innovative dispensers we have certainly changed the way of consuming Beer!!!
We are the official distributor of The Beer Giraffe in South Korea (gerzkorea, Gerz OK beer). We have been selling beer dispensers for quite a long time and customers in Korea have shown their satisfaction with your products. Various types of dispensers and high quality products of your company are satisfactory even for the fastidious Korean consumers.
We now sell only The Beer Giraffe dispensers as we consider the quality of goods for our customers very important.
We hope to continue the good partnership for a long period so that more people will have the chance to use your products.
We have been the Australian distributor of The Beer Giraffe products for 4 years now. We chose to distribute The Beer Giraffe dispensers as they were clearly the highest quality dispensers on the market… without comparison. This exceptional quality is their "point of distinction". The Beer Giraffe are a very professional organization. They are always efficient, easy to deal with and have helped us out in times of need. The Beer Giraffe provide us with "Consistency of Quality"… and this is their difference! Their high quality products combined with their exceptional customer service has helped Aussie Beer Tubes grow to be the market leader in beverage dispensers in the Australian market!


text:
Q: RxJava BehaviorSubject subcribeoN Below Code
why onnext called only once? When I remove subscribeOn it was called for every number.
when I subscribeOn io thread just once called (for 8658)
can someone explain it to me?
    val subject = BehaviorSubject.create<Int>()
    subject.onNext(2121)
    subject.distinctUntilChanged().doOnNext {
        Log.d("AHMET VEFA SARUHAN", it.toString())
    }.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()).subscribe(object : Observer<Int> {
        override fun onSubscribe(d: Disposable?) {

        }

        override fun onNext(t: Int?) {

        }

        override fun onError(e: Throwable?) {

        }

        override fun onComplete() {

        }
    })
    subject.onNext(5436)
    subject.onNext(8658)

A: By using subscribeOn, the chain to observe the BehaviorSubject is established concurrently with the thread calling the onNexts. It takes time for a subscribeOn to take effect thus the main thread simply runs ahead and overwrites the subject's current value to the latest in the meantime.
There is no practical reason to use subscribeOn on a Subject in general.


A new poster has arrived for Suburban Gothic, the new horror comedy from the writer-director of Excision, via IMPAwards.
Suburban Gothic does not currently have a UK release date. Keep up with the latest horror news with the new issue of SciFiNow.