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18 Apr 2017 on privacy | dpia | pia | data protection impact assessment | privacy regulation | gdpr | eprivacy
Analysis of Working Party 29 DPIA Guidelines
When is Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) or Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) necessary and mandatory according to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)? So far there has been a lot of ambiguity surrounding the issue.
I previously wrote about the DPIA guidelines (and its challenges) suggested by the Privacy Commission of Belgium. The details are now made even more clear with the Working Party's 29 publication of "Draft Guidelines Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)".
This publication will be very impactful, as it will influence how Data Protection Authorities (such as ICO or CNIL) will be "deploying" DPIA guidelines in practice.
First, the important notes In a "TL;DR" format:
The document is very interesting, but it is still "guidelines" - it is subject to change, and it will - for sure!
The document in certain part is worrying, and may result in watering down the concept of PIA. Not sure why Working Party 29 has followed this path. The criteria for a basic PIA are pretty weak and actually somewhat inconsistent with other parts of the document
The document provides interesting insight; where DPIA is required, where it might not be necessary? It's difficult to say when a DPIA is not needed - and someone must make the decision.
Virtually all processing activities will require a "small DPIA", executed to assess if an actual DPIA is necessary ("Data Protection Threshold Assessment", as opposed to "Privacy Threshold Analysis")
The DPIA may need to be made available publicly
Organizations are free to choose the most adequate DPIA methodology there are some
The document creates a risk that "the checklist method" will be accepted as valid basic DPIAs
Brexit requires conducting DPIAs?
Okay, the last point is remarkable, so I expand on it immediately.
Brexit increases regulatory uncertainty, WP29 says
The opinion of WP29 is the first official EU-level document highlighting the difficulties created by the fact of United Kingdom's leaving from the European Union, also known as Brexit. The document suggests - pretty explicitly, literary - that companies based in UK most likely will need to perform a DPIA on a standard basis, and fast.
I agree. Perhaps the same comment should apply in case of European Union companies dealing with those in UK?
Furthermore, these uncertainties are definitely even further elevated by the currently-in-works ePrivacy Regulation.
Now to the actual analysis! (you can find the PDF of the Guidelines here)
First things first - there is a lot of ambiguity in the differences between PIA or DPIA. But the WP29 notes that a DPIA is essentially equivalent to the concept of PIA.
Analysis of WP29 first DPIA guidelines
The document starts with a very important phrase: "DPIA is a process designed to describe the processing, assess the necessity and proportionality of a processing and to help manage the risks to the rights and freedoms of natural persons resulting from the processing of personal data"
So first:
DPIA is a process (not a check-list or product)
DPIA is an accountability tool: can show compliance, but should also be helpful in decision making on the design phase. Good DPIA is not only about compliance!
DPIA shows that appropriate measures are followed, and appropriate solutions are in place
In essence, DPIA provides an answer to a potential future question an organisation or a company might be asked at some point. For example - when a mass privacy data leak occurs, someone might be compelled to ask some questions (with a possible risk of paying fines up to 10,000,000 EUR). WP29 says explicitly that DPIA is a process helping to build and demonstrate compliance. When reading "building" literary, It's not just "demonstrate". It's not a check-list. The process must be conducted in a thorough and complete manner,
The WP29 guidelines suggest that DPIAs will be able to link to other DPIAs: "the data controller deploying the product remains obliged to carry out its own DPIA with regard to the specific implementation, but this can be informed by a DPIA prepared by the product provider, if appropriate".
So when an organisation deploys a product, it does not need to go into the internals of the product - and only focus on the actual deployment and configuration aspects, applying to the actual ways that the system will be used in practice. This point of the opinion includes an example of smart reader's manufacturers providing a DPIA to utility companies. In those cases, utility companies would be using the DPIAs from smart reading companies to conduct their own DPIAs.
When a DPIA is necessary
In short, when the processing is "likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of natural persons".
In this point we focus on the right to privacy, but also: freedom of speech, freedom of thought, freedom of movement, prohibition of discrimination, right to liberty, conscience and religion. Namely, WP29 says that PIA/DPIA is not merely measuring impact on privacy, but also other Fundamental rights, as seen from the Charter of Fundamental Rights, and the recent influential judgments by ECJ - specifically, data retention, protection of identifiers
WP29 is attempting to distill some general rules, let's continue.
When analysing the guidelines from the Belgian Privacy Commission, I have indicated that it's a challenge to identify places where a DPIA is not necessary (this is a risk in itself).
Examples of operations subject to a DPIA
It's difficult to provide such a list. WP29 also had this difficulty. So how WP29 proceed was to identify "ten points of interest" and decide that if at least two of the points apply, then a DPIA is mandatory. The points of interest are below (I'm taking them directly from the WP29 guidelines):
Profiling is in use. Example: bank that screens its customers against a credit reference database, a biotechnology company offering direct to consumer genetic testing to assess and predict the disease/health risks, or building behavioural or marketing profiles based on navigation on websites.
Automated-decision making with legal or similar significant effect. Example: when processing leads to the potential exclusion or discrimination of individuals. Processing with little or no effect on individuals does not match this specific criteria.
Systematic surveillance. Processing used to observe, monitor or control data subjects.
Sensitive data. Including GDPR Article 9, such as: information about individuals' political opinions, as well as personal data relating to criminal convictions or offences. Examples: a general hospital keeping patients' medical records. Other sensitive private data of note: electronic communication data [ePrivacy regulation is also taking care of these], location data, financial data.
Large scale data processing. WP29 is not sure what does "large-scale" mean, but suggests the following criteria: the number of data subjects concerned, the volume of data and/or the range of different data items being processed [is it high-dimensional data? This means that "Big Data" processing always falls into a DPIA category], the duration processing, the geographical extent [this WP29 guideline is very ambiguous]
Linked databases - in other words, data aggregation. Example: two datasets merged in one, that could "exceed the reasonable expectations of the user". This point specifically touches data merging and also possibly advertising technologies such as cross-device tracking, or cookie syncing, even.
Data concerning vulnerable data subjects, especially when power imbalance arise, e.g. employee-employer, where consent may be vague, data of children, mentally ill, asylum seekers, elderly, patients. This point refers to the broad sense of "power imbalance".
"New technologies in use". WP29 mentions "Internet of Things" is explicitly in scope for a DPIA.
Data transfer outside of the EU
"Unavoidable and unexpected processing". For example, processing performed on a public area that people passing by cannot avoid. My example: wifi tracking [ePrivacy is also regulating that point], WP29 example: processing that aims at allowing, modifying or refusing data subjects' access to a service or entry into a contract. Example: bank screening its customers against a credit reference database in order to decide whether to offer them a loan.
The more points from above are "met", the more chances there are that a DPIA is needed. WP29 says that if less than two points are met, the system potentially may not need a DPIA - unless it does need it after all, of course. But we at least know that if at least two of the points above are met - a DPIA is always needed. The decision "Do/Don't" should always be documented, with appropriate reasons.
Simple decision ruleset:
Two or more points are met: needs as DPIA
Less than two points are met: maybe does not need a DPIA?
Very helpful, indeed.
As a side note - do Points 1 and Points 3 sometimes overlap? For example "building behavioural or marketing profiles based on navigation on websites" and processing used to observe, monitor or control data subjects, including data collected through "a systematic monitoring of a publicly accessible area". Are these equivalent? If so, are two points from the list of 10 met, or not?
Points 1 and 2. Do they overlap? "building behavioural or marketing profiles based on navigation on websites" and processing used to observe, monitor or control data subjects - may sometimes be functionally and effectively equivalent. This means that there would be a risk of assigning this functionality just to a single point, and under measure the risks
In point 10, WP29 explicitly says that processing on a public area where people passing by cannot avoid - is subject to a DPIA. This is very interesting in light of one of recitals in the currently proposed text of ePrivacy Regulation. This ePrivacy draft text specifies that this kind of processing can take place with a "passive consent", even if the users cannot avoid
One of the recent examples of such kind of processing was Transports for London experiment in wifi tracking, where the "consent mechanism" was just a sign that Tube users could see.
The guidelines then present a table with examples and clarification "the threshold" - whether the data processing is fulfilling the requirements of falling subject to a mandatory DPIA.
"The gathering of public social media profiles data to be used by private companies generating profiles for contact directories" - requires DPIA.
"An e-commerce website displaying adverts for vintage cars parts only doing some limited profiling based on past purchases on certain parts of its website " - does not require a DPIA
The second example is interesting. It's the application of profiling on a very limited and strictly defined scale (purpose limitation strictly defined). It's also clearly stating that the profiling is done by a first party, the e-commerce website, and based on the information about the user activity on that particular site.
This means that all uses of third-party processing may likely be subject to a DPIA.
The actual processing actions subject to DPIA will be determined by DPA's of EU Member States. So for UK it's the ICO, for France it's CNIL.
The list(s) above are intended to guide the national DPAs. Privacy Commission of Belgium has already suggested some (link) - in a number of points, stricter than the ones of WP29.
Small DPIA
WP29 acknowledges that according to GDPR, even if DPIA is not necessary, the data controller still must perform certain tasks, specifically "maintain a record of processing activities under its responsibility".
Such actions - let's call them a "small DPIA" or a "DPIA Threshold Assessment" need to be documented, and performed regardless whether a full-scale DPIA is made.
This decision - with an explanation - must be written down, even if an organization decides not to carry a full-scale DPIA.
One observation is that if an organisation is not sure if it needs to conduct a DPIA, it might be as good idea to do one anyway. It is also "strongly recommended".
When a DPIA is not required?
There are specific points to answer this question
Specifically:
the processing is not "likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of natural persons" (Article 35(1));
when a DPIA has already been conducted
when a DPIA has been conducted in a case of "very similar processing", in this case, the already conducted DPIA might be re-purposed to the "new processing" - provided that the "very similar" is met. Someone should, of course, assess the DPIA similarity - during the threshold assessment.
when there is another legal basis for data processing (for example due to the EU or Member State law), and where the DPIA "has already been carried out as part of the establishment of that legal basis"
when the processing is on the list of operations for which DPIA is not required. That's only applied if the processing is strictly falling into the items on the "No DPIA List"
WP29 notes that DPIA are subject to regular reviews. The reviews should be carried on whenever a change in operation (or the surrounding legal environment) changes. In this light, not reviewing DPIAs is a breach of the DPIA process, directly. Reviews should be made at least every three years - often, sooner.
Existing operation
There is a lot of questions whether DPIAs are needed only for the "new systems". WP29 clarifies that: all processing operations ("new systems") deployed after May 2018 are subject to the requirement. When the deployed systems are subject to significant change or update ("significant change"), they also fall under this requirement.
Same applies if there is a change to the "risk". As we know from the risk-based approach, risk may also be subject to change due to environmental aspects - the surrounding ecosystem. So the changes might not only be the ones related strictly to the system itself.
"Therefore it should be noted that the revision of a DPIA is not only useful for continuous improvement, but also critical to maintain the level of data protection in a changing environment over longer time"
Additionally, WP29 strongly recommends performing a DPIA for processings/projects undertaken prior to the GDPR Day (May 2018). There are regulatory clauses that could justify the verification of the systems deployed even prior to May 2018. And for large and significant systems, potentially even a day after the GDPR Day someone could argue that the "environment has changed" and ask an organization for a DPIA. Then what?
Brexit Clause - Increased Uncertainty
WP29 is explicitly referencing the process of leaving the European Union by the United Kingdom:
"Finally a DPIA may also become necessary because the organisational or societal context for the processing activity has changed, for example because the effects of certain automated decisions have become more significant, new categories of natural persons become vulnerable to discrimination or the data is intended to be transferred to data recipients located in a country which has left the EU."
Brexit is a good enough reason to perform a DPIA. It is fair, as it's currently unknown how the situation will look like during the next two years. Sounds like just about any businesses based in the United Kingdom, or one that is related to the UK, will be very interested in conducting a DPIA, and doing this quickly? National DPAs may have good justification for enfocing the "DPIA Brexit Clause" fast, even a single day after the GDPR Day.
Oddly, it's now more than a week after the WP29 Guidelines are published, but so far apparently nobody has noted this pretty significant thing?
How to conduct a DPIA
WP29 guidelines provide hints about the actual carrying of the DPIA. In other words: how to carry a data protection impact assessment.
When to start conducting a DPIA?
Prior the processing is started, in line with privacy by design. DPIA should be included in the actual development process, at its beginning. Even if some details of the processing are not yet known. At this stage, a DPIA may obviously not be fully completed. In my opinion, a DPIA should be updated during the development, and the recommendations made by the DPIA during the design and development stage - should be included. DPIA is a process, not a product; so is privacy, as well as security.
In other words, you cannot deploy a new high-risk system without a DPIA - it's already a breach of the DPIA process.
DPIA is a process
I agree with this remark: "Doing a DPIA is a process, not a one-off exercise". DPIA is an ongoing process. The DPIA should be adequately tailored and well-designed for a task; it's a custom-made process.
Oh, if I haven't said that yet - privacy is a process, too.
Who should conduct a DPIA (technically)
The WP29 makes the matter clear:
"The controller is responsible for carrying out the DPIA (Article 35(2)). Carrying out the DPIA may be done by someone else, inside or outside the organization"
Organisations are accountable for conducting DPIAs - they can make them in-house or using people outside the organisation, such as consultants (think in terms of external hired "penetration testers").
If the organisation has assigned a Data Protection Officer (DPO), he should be consulted. The DPO, if assigned, is the person who monitors the DPIA process. The DPO is not the person who is obliged to conduct the actual DPIA.
The data controller may sometimes need to consult external stakeholders, for example users, employee representatives, etc.
The persons involved
Privacy Teams
WP29 acknowledges that in-house business units ("Privacy Teams"?) of an organisation may be tasked with a responsibility of conducting a DPIA. In this case, they might either do the DPIA or provide input for it, depending on who is actually conducting the DPIA. But the specific team must then be involved in the validation process.
Independent Advise
Finally, "where appropriate", the WP29 recommends to seek independent advice of external experts, such as lawyers, technology experts, security experts, sociologists, ethical experts, etc. This point is very important, unprecedented and - let's note this - it decreases the risk of using DPIA in a checklist manner.
Independent experts will be able to assess if the project assumptions, risks, or the DPIA itself - make sense. This is a major point of the guidelines that should be endorsed as a good standard introducing openness and transparency. This point should also be welcome by organizations; their DPIAs will be validated by external(s) who will put their professional credibility at stake.
The DPO may suggest specific processing operations that should be subject to DPIA, and should be able to identify an appropriate methodology, as well as evaluate the relevance of risk assessments and whether the proposed solutions are adequate. If appointed, the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), or the IT department, should assist and could propose to take care of the dPIA on specific operations in regards to security aspects, as needed.
DPIA Methodology
Now the very important part - "how to do the DPIA" in practice.
There are methodologies, there are guidelines. It's clear that certain fields or technologies are specific enough to warrant dedicated methodologies.
First: "the DPIA under the GDPR is a tool for managing risks to the rights of the data subjects, and thus takes their perspective, whereas risk management in some other fields (e.g. information security) is focused on the organization".
This is just a long sentence communicating the following: DPIA is focused on privacy. Of course, information security is an integral part, too. But not only.
WP29 acknowledges different methodologies, but reminds that common criteria should be used. It's acknowledged that organizations are free to choose the best methodologies, provided that the DPIA is a genuine assessment of risks, allowing to address them.
WP29 provides a list of possible methodologies, the upcoming Privacy Impact Assessment ISO/IEC 29134 is also referenced. Organisations are free to use whatever method they wish - provided that common criteria are met.
Sector-specific DPIAs
WP29 provides a good point: some sectors are specific enough (types of data, technologies) to warrant specialized methodologies. The threat models or actual threats might be very specific - consequently, the risks, as well as the impacts. So particular sectors of technologies may benefit from using specialized methodologies.
Should I publish a DPIA
Yes. WP29 encourages making DPIA public - at least partially. Since DPIAs are often technical documents, containing internal data about security or/and privacy controls, and other sensitive details - the published DPIAs may be sanitized to omit the sensitive parts. Such a public DPIA may be a summary of the actual DPIA. That's also the reason that some of the privacy impact assessments you may find in public rarely contain technical details (at least let's hope so).
This recommendation is a intended to build trust.
My DPIA indicates high-risk. What now?
Analyse your risks. If in doubt, consult your favourite local Data Protection Authority. Attach a DPIA to your communication with the DPA.
Criteria for a DPIA
The document contains an annex - the "criteria for a DPIA". This annex is meant to provide the basic "requirements for a DPIA". This is meant to make sure that DPIAs or methodologies to conduct DPIAs are in line with GDPR. The document discusses the things that a DPIA should contain, such as the types of assets or processed data, the organizational ways to deploy the transparency side of GDPR (e.g. purpose limitation, access to data or right to be forgotten), as well as the more technical side such as risks and threats arising from illegitimate access, undesired modification, and disappearance of data.
I acknowledge that the more technical part is quite broad (and a document as such could not discuss the threats in more detail!), and widely speaking references the Confidentiality-Integrity-Availability triad, known from information security.
It's good that this kind of basic blueprint is compiled. However, I would like to highlight that this particular wording and selection of items creates a possible risk of making the idea of a DPIA to drift to a checklist type operation. For example to have "Q1: Do you process personal information? A: yes" or "Q23: Do you protect user data? A: Yes, we use encryption". I'd immediately follow: oh really? Tell me more.
Another issue is that this kind of criteria aren't assessing the internal and external factors, such as the availability of public data, or possible databases merging. It's clear for long that identifiers (in the web realm - even cookies) are personal data and this particular item is strictly technical. But how the study of identifiers would fall into "illegitimate access, undesired modification, and disappearance of data" frame of thinking is difficult to assess.
How to address the issue? Include more generic terms or wordings such as "such as"?
Of course this is just an example, and the true differentiator will be the market and the actual suppliers of DPIA services. Some will provide the most basic assessments ("checklist"),
Problems with the guidelines:
Understanding DPIA as a merely compliance tool, while a PIA process should be understood as going way beyond - as good practice, in line with Privacy by Design and built into organisational cybersecurity and privacy strategy.
WP29 guidelines provide very simple examples. This is dangerous because certain industries (e.g. smartgrids, or web services, or IoT devices) are specific enough to require its own specific methodologies. WP29 acknowledges the need for specialized methodologies
In some aspects, processing is clearly risky. For example, when genetic data are concerned, a DPIA should always be carried on. The rule "the more checkmarks you place next to the 10-point lists" will cause problems
The Annex 2 ("Criterions") creates a risk that the GDPR DPIA will, in fact, end up being a simple checklist. Was it the intention?
The Annex 2 ("Criterions") are also not Guidelines do not focus on data leaks or the protection of identifiers; merely focusing on "confidentiality-integrity-accounting" misses the point.
The guidelines aren't even referencing technological practices of "privacy engineering"
The guidelines are not really referencing ePrivacy and the potential of influencing the actual requirements of DPIA
WP29 will definitely be changing their guidelines.


Disease burden in osteoarthritis (OA) is similar to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at initial rheumatology visit and significantly greater 6-months later.
Chua JR1, Jamal S1, Riad M1, Castrejon I1, Malfait AM1, Block JA1, Pincus T1.
Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, United States.
To analyze disease burden in osteoarthritis (OA) according to MDHAQ/RAPID3 (multidimensional health assessment questionnaire/routine assessment of patient index data) at initial and 6-month follow-up visits, compared to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a benchmark for high disease burden.
All patients with all diagnoses at Rush University rheumatology complete a paper MDHAQ at all visits, saved as a PDF in the electronic health record. MDHAQ 0-10 scores for physical function, pain, and patient global assessment, compiled into 0-30 RAPID3, and additional scales, of new OA and RA patients from 2011-2017 were compared at initial and 6-month follow-up visits. OA and RA patients, classified as self- or physician-referred, and RA "DMARD (disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs)-naïve" or "prior-DMARD," were compared using t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA), adjusted for age, disease duration, body mass index (BMI), education, and ethnicity.
OA vs RA patients had higher age, BMI and disease duration. At initial visit, mean RAPID3 did not differ significantly in OA vs "DMARD-naïve" RA patients, whether self- or physician-referred [range 14.8-16.4 (p=0.38)], or in all OA vs "DMARD-naïve" RA vs "prior-DMARD" RA patients, 16.0, 15.5, 15.6, respectively (p=0.49). After 6-months, RAPID3 was improved to 14.3, 9.9, and 12.5, respectively, substantially more in RA than OA. Similar results were seen for most self-report measures, and in adjusted analyses.
MDHAQ/RAPID3 scores are similar in OA or RA at initial visit, but higher in OA 6 months later, reflecting superior RA treatments. The same MDHAQ/RAPID3 allows comparisons of disease burdens in different diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


I've recently bought WoD CE and got the "free" level 90 boost.
Maybe a Normal realm would be better, so I can decide to flag myself off PvP when battling in the wild.
Silvermoon - PVE - Alliance - WarcraftPets - 25 - Any member.
Doob posted that on the WarcraftPets guild forum. Only EU one listed. Would have to ask someone from there about AH prices etc. but it is PvE like you mentioned.
Class wise, I'd pick something that can solo old content easily, like a DK or maybe a warlock.
Haevlyn wrote: Class wise, I'd pick something that can solo old content easily, like a DK or maybe a warlock.
There is a very pet friendly guild, namely the one that is related to this web-site.
The guild is called WarcraftPets and can be highly recommended.
The *only* downside to the realm is that evenings it is often locked and you will have to wait in the queue to get in.
Waflob wrote: There is a very pet friendly guild, namely the one that is related to this web-site.
One last thing guys.. I'm gonna decide which primary professions are better, considering this will be my only toon on the realm.. I was thinking to Herb/Alchemy both because they're easy to level and because they are quite good for moneymaking: what do you think about?
The generally accepted wisdom for money making while levelling is to have 2 gathering professions - I usually take mining and herbing, as they can be spotted on the minimap and giveexp as well.
Having said that, for some reason, my warlocks usually end up taking enchanting and its 'gathering profession' tailoring.
Waflob wrote: The generally accepted wisdom for money making while levelling is to have 2 gathering professions - I usually take mining and herbing, as they can be spotted on the minimap and giveexp as well.


So Im back from vacation [boohoo]. The guys at work ended up doing a great job keeping me from getting to far behind. I still had some issuse that kept me busy all day but all and all it was not so bad.
Im all caught up there.
Now about that pile of laundry waiting on me.
My husband helped with that. One more load and im caught up there too.
He was also able to get the overgrown grass cut today.
Man! I mean, did it rain all week here or something?
My plants are even gaining momentum. Look! I have an egg plant hatching. Finally!
Now Im ready to sit back and watch some TV and get back to my afternoon walks.
I can also catch up on some blog readings and do a little crocheting. I have a couple orders to complete.
All the worry and fret was for nothing.
Isnt that usually how it goes?
I am glad that your worry was misplaced. Love that eggplant too.
You always need a vacation after a vacation to get caught up with what happened while you were away.
I like this one. Lots to remember from our working past, you bring it to lite and I can smile. Yes, just a few days from the job and home, produces WORK to be done upon return. But glad you are about caught up and ready to get back in the grove.. It is no secret, you will miss the beach, Until you are back.
I guess we will head back to NC soon. Not to work though. Dr. appts, seminars to learn more of the Cochlear implants and Sherry's Biggie, her 60th HS reunion.
Glad you are back in G-town. Hold it together. Nite.
Whatever it takes to get you home. Keep learning about those implants and you and Sherry have fun at the reunion. As far as doc appointments? Get in and out as fast as you can.
Welcome back home. : ) Now you should take a week's vacation and just spend the time at home.
Glad you've settled back into your routine. It feels good, when you're all caught up.
We grilled fresh eggplant from the plant on our back deck this past weekend. Yum! Glad things are back in order after the cay any. My mantra is: Worry and fear are useless emotions.
Yum! I bet it was delicious.


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'We're Doing Our Best, But It Feels Like We're Using Chicken Wire and Zip Ties'
By Lariel Sato, Hawaii Government Employees Association (HGE on Monday, April 13 2020 - 9:25am
HONOLULU – "Two months ago, placing a child in a foster home wasn't a problem. Now it's nearly impossible," says Hawaii Child/Adult Protective Services Specialist Kalani Motta, a member of HGEA/AFSCME Local 152.
One of Motta's primary duties as a case manager with the state Department of Human Services in Hilo is to find foster homes for children in East Hawaii. In the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, he's been classified as an essential employee, and although he was given the option to work from home during the crisis, the nature of his job doesn't allow for it.
"Certain parts of this job, there's no way you can work from home," Motta says. "When we respond to calls of concern, we have to go out and physically locate the family. The only way we can help these children is if we get out there and do it in person."
Before the pandemic, most of the calls Motta responded to typically came from schools. Now that students are not in the schools, the calls are coming in from the public.
"We still go out, we still investigate and try to place the kids in our care. Our responsibilities haven't stopped because of the health crisis, but it's much more stressful to maintain a high level of service," he says.
Even more frustrating than the coronavirus itself is the lack of clear, consistent communication and the chaos it creates.
For instance, after employers were made aware of an incident where a courier allegedly tested positive for COVID-19, workers were told the building would be cleaned just one time.
"They told us the building would be cleaned for a few hours one day, but that's not enough. And what does that even mean? How well was the building cleaned?" Motta wonders. "We're considered essential but we're not being provided with PPE [personal protective equipment], cleaning supplies or even clear information about what's going on. The misinformation or lack of communication creates anxiety in an already stressful situation."
Shared office spaces don't always allow for adequate social distancing and employees often risk their personal health for the welfare of their clients, many of whom are minors in need of a place to live.
"We try to do social distancing in the office … but our whole department is essential. Some workers are given the option to work remotely, although most are coming in," he says. "I think for all of us, our main priority is to protect our families – those we serve and those we go home to, but it's hard. And I think everyone is feeling the same burden of wanting to do good work but also wanting to stay safe."
Motta's had to accept that "business as usual" just isn't the norm anymore. He still attends hearings for his cases, but they're no longer scheduled regularly. Review hearings typically scheduled every five or six months are being pushed back indefinitely, and only protective custody hearings or cases involving extreme circumstances are being scheduled.
Legal proceedings meant to help families aren't the only resource Motta sees decreasing. He has a difficult time just getting basic health care services for his clients.
Some of the most wrenching changes he's seen are with court-ordered visitations and the declining willingness of foster homes to take in new children.
"There's no in-person visitation anymore. They're all being done by phone or on FaceTime now," he says. "It's heartbreaking. Especially now when you're trying to maintain the family time and relationships."
Ironically, the social distancing measures meant to keep us away from one another are working too well.
"Foster parents are stressing out, and reluctant to take new kids into their home, so we're doing our best, but it feels like we're using chicken wire and zip ties," Motta says about the temporary solutions being used until he can find a safe, permanent home for foster children.
04082020-kalani.jpg
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text:
Aaron Summers (Willis, Va.) and Adam Condello (Fairport, N.Y.) have signed letters-of-intent to play golf.
Summers was the 1999 Virginia A Regional and State Champion. Last fall, he repeated as Regional Champion and placed third in the state, while leading Floyd County High School to the Regional and Virginia State Championship.
Summers also won the Virginia State Golf Association Junior Championship last summer, the PJGT tournament in Lumberton, N.C,. and the Jerry Haas Golf Camp Tournament. Condello, from Fairport High near Rochester, N.Y., is the reigning county champion. His high school squad placed second in the upper New York State Sectionals and County Tournament.
Former Menchville standout Brandon Creswell was named ACC Co- Pitcher of the Week for the third time this season. Creswell pitched the Cavaliers to a 5-0 win against Miami last Friday. It was the first time in seven years that the Hurricanes were shut out at home. The left-hander pitched a complete game, allowing four hits with nine strikeouts. For the season, Creswell is 7-2 with a 3.21 ERA.
Less than a week ago, the baseball team was four games under .500 and in danger of their first losing season since 1991.
Then, the Hokies (23-23-1) beat Radford 5-4 in 12 innings and swept a weekend series with Georgetown to move into sole possession of fourth place in the Big East.
No. 1 Notre Dame is atop the Big East (40-6-1, 18-2) with Rutgers ( 35-13, 15-8) second followed by Seton Hall (26-16-1) and Tech.
However, St. John's (27-18, 13-10) is only a half-game behind the Hokies.
While Tech faces last place Pittsburgh, St. John's has to travel to second-place Rutgers while Connecticut, the only other team with a chance to take the fourth- place spot from Tech, hosts Notre Dame.
On Monday, junior first baseman John West was named co-Big East player of the week along with Boston College catcher Jeff Mackor. West posted a .500 average (10-for-20), three homers, nine RBI and six runs scored as the Hokies went 4-1 last week. In the three-game sweep of Georgetown, West went 8-for-10 with two home runs, seven RBI and four runs. He also had two doubles, two steals and a triple against the Hoyas.
-- Jay Edwards,
The women's track team enjoyed a second consecutive week of outstanding success with several strong performances at the Penn Relays. One week after helping her team to the CAA crown, senior Emily Furia broke her own school record in the mile with a time of 4:41.06. She finished sixth in the collegiate division and also qualified provisionally for the NCAA Championships in the 1500 meters by virtue of a conversion table. Her mile time converts to 4:20.24 in the 1500 meters, the seventh-best time in the country this year.
Furia was joined by teammates Adrienne Parker, Stephanie Blake and Rachel Sigsbury in winning the collegiate division of the distance medley relay (11:37.05). Furia's 1600-meter anchor leg time of 4:43.9 was the second fastest 1600m time in both the collegiate and the championship divisions. The Tribe's 4x800 meter relay team of Parker, Blake, Lara Toscani and Kristen Ryan also showed well, placing sixth in the collegiate division (8:57.91).
-- Drew Galbraith,


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Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD)
ICSD is a database of inorganic crystal structure data. It was founded in 1978 by G.Bergerhoff (University of Bonn) and I.D.Brown (University of McMaster, Canada). It is now produced by the Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe in Europe and the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology. It seeks to contain information on all inorganic crystal structures published since 1913, including pure elements, minerals, metals, and intermetallic compounds (with atomic coordinates). ICSD contains 103,679 entries as of mid-2008 and is updated twice a year.
A Windows-based PC version has been developed in co-operation with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and an internet version in co-operation with the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) Grenoble.
*Crystallographic database
* [http://icsdweb.FIZ-Karlsruhe.de Information and a demonstration version]
Steam locomotive condensing apparatus
Fire Over England
Inorganic crystal structure database — Pour les articles homonymes, voir ICSD (homonymie). L Inorganic crystal structure database (ICSD) est une base de données regroupant les structures de cristaux inorganiques. Son but est de réunir les informations sur toutes les structures de… … Wikipédia en Français
ICSD — may refer to:* Inorganic Crystal Structure Database * International Central Securities Depository * International Classification of Sleep Disorders * Ithaca City School District … Wikipedia
ICSD — ist die Abkürzung von International Classification of Sleep Disorders, einer Norm zur internationalen Klassifikation von Schlafstörungen International Central Securities Depository, internationaler Zentralverwahrer der quasi als… … Deutsch Wikipedia
ICSD (homonymie) — Cette page d'homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Sigles d'une seule lettre Sigles de deux lettres Sigles de trois lettres > Sigles de quatre lettres … Wikipédia en Français
Crystallographic database — A crystallographic database is a database specifically designed to store information about crystals and crystal structures. Crystals are solids having, in all three dimensions of space, a regularly repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or… … Wikipedia
X-ray crystallography — can locate every atom in a zeolite, an aluminosilicate with many important applications, such as water purification. X ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal, in which a beam of X rays strikes a… … Wikipedia
Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe — Infobox Organization name = FIZ Karlsruhe image border = size = caption = formation = 1977 type = headquarters = Karlsruhe, Germany location = flag|Germany membership = language = German, English leader title = CEO leader name = Sabine Bruenger… … Wikipedia
List of online databases — This is a list of online databases accessible via the internet.0 9* 10eastern A B ;A * Acronym Finder * Adult Film Database * aeiou Encyclopedia * Airdisaster.com * Airliners.net * All Media Guide * Allmovie * Allmusic * African American Registry … Wikipedia
National Institute of Standards and Technology — NIST redirects here. For other uses, see NIST (disambiguation). National Institute of Standards and Technology Agency overview Headquarters Gaithersburg, Maryland … Wikipedia
Institut Laue-Langevin — The Institut Laue Langevin, or ILL, is an internationally financed scientific facility, situated in Grenoble, France. It is one of the world centres for research using neutrons. Founded in 1967 and honouring the physicists Max von Laue and Paul… … Wikipedia


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1936-1940 Data Were Computed From Data In Statistics Of Income. The Figure For 1938 Given Here Is Adjusted To Conform To The 1937 Industrial Classification. The Figures For 1939 And 1940 Have Been Adjusted To Conform To The 1938 Standard Industrial Classification. The Figure For 1938, If Adjusted To The 1938 Standard, Would Be 59.1. These Data Were Computed By NBER By Adding (1) Shipbuilding, (2) Building Construction, And (3) Construction, Contracting, Which In The 1916 Report Were Given Separately But In 1917 Were Combined Under One Heading--"Construction." See Crum, Corporate Earning Power, P.327 For Check. Source: Bureau Of Internal Revenue, Statistics Of Income, 1916 And Succeeding Issues.
This NBER data series a09016 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 9 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter09.html.
National Bureau of Economic Research, Corporate Net Earnings, Construction for United States [A09016USA144NNBR], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/A09016USA144NNBR, April 23, 2019.


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Democratic Voice of Burma
English language news from Burma's largest independent media network
New approaches needed to help survivors of rape in Burma
June 14, 2014 in Conflict, Contributor, Lead Story, News, Women's Issues4by WAHKU SHEE
As well as preventing sexual violence, assisting survivors of sexual violence in conflict has been a big theme at the Global Summit to End Sexual Violence in Conflict, held in London this week. I was invited to take part in an expert panel on this subject at the summit, along with senior officials from the United Nations. Sadly though, I did not get the impression that there is a willingness to use the momentum from this summit to apply approaches to assist survivors of rape.
The situation in Burma is an example of how the current approach, largely based on the principle of co-operating with governments, can leave survivors of sexual violence without even the most basic humanitarian support, let alone the specialised support they need.
If the international community truly wants to assist survivors and end impunity, they have to address the problem of governments like Burma that do not cooperate. How do you provide assistance when the government of the country won't agree to you doing so? What action should be taken to ensure compliance with international law, justice and accountability, when the government of the country is committing the crimes and refuses to stop?
This is what is happening in Burma today. The Burmese government has now signed the Declaration of Commitment to End Sexual Violence In Conflict. This centres around three main goals: prevention, assistance and ending impunity. But the Burmese government has not said anything about how it plans to implement this declaration, and based on the government's record of abiding by international treaties and agreements, full implementation of this declaration would be very surprising.
The simple truth is that today in Burma, the United Nations, governments, and many international humanitarian organisations have failed to take action to end impunity for sexual violence, and failed to provide assistance to survivors.
[related]
International groups on the ground need to re-think their current approach. Humanitarian organisations are lobbying for better access in ethnic conflict zones, which is a positive sign, but a slow process. We are very concerned that where limited access is finally given, international organisations often move into an area and create their own programmes, rather than supporting and strengthening existing community and civil society structures.
These local organisations need financing and support to expand. The arrival of international groups can actually weaken local civil society when competing services are set up, which in our situation is an enormous loss. We have built up local organisations in a very difficult operating environment. We are a vital building block for democracy and stability. Gender-based anti-violence services, education and prevention are matters the community must own and address, not simply allow them to drop on us from international organisations. Competing services also waste valuable resources and do not help us create a sustainable response.
In the case of gender-based violence in Burma, this approach effectively helps the government to suppress information about rapes and sexual violence committed by its army since no government-registered humanitarian international NGO will undertake documentation and advocacy. Only local community groups do this work. This adds to the sense of impunity the military already enjoys. Lack of documentation also undermines the hope that affected women will one day see justice for the crimes committed against them. Local organisations are the most effective way to build a system to win justice and support female victims. It is that simple, and the funding should be directly based on that.
Where access is denied, there is an unwillingness by most large donors to consider alternative mechanisms for ensuring humanitarian assistance. They won't fund cross-border aid, perhaps for fear of upsetting the government. Britain's DFID demonstrated that this fear is wrong. They began funding cross-border aid, and it had no impact on their other operations in Burma.
Support given to community-based organisations should include targeted assistance for women who have been subjected to rape and sexual violence. Members of the Women's League of Burma come from their communities and work within their communities. We have been providing services to women who have been subject to violence for many years, yet when funding is provided by DFID on this issue, where did it go? It went to large International NGOs, not our local organisations, and not to the survivors of sexual violence which those local organisations seek to help.
The community must own and solve these problems and provide lasting support to women. We can only do that with funding from international organisations which strengthens our programmes, skills and abilities. Local organisations should be funded not just to assist victims, but to advocate for new laws, document crimes, and provide community education about violence against women. This issue needs a comprehensive solution, not simply counselling and safe houses.
Ending impunity is essential. And this process will only begin if the international community starts to act. A first step would be an independent international investigation by the United Nations. We support UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's call for Burma to "fully investigate and respond to current and historical human rights violations and abuses, including crimes of sexual violence". This is long overdue and without holding the perpetrators accountable we have no hope of stopping future violence.
And finally, there must be recognition of the political root causes of this problem in Burma – a military which is not under civilian control, and a government which is not fully accountable to the people. We need constitutional change, and we can't wait. We won't be able to address the major problems our country faces, including sexual violence, until there is constitutional change, democracy, and laws that protect us.
Wahku Shee is Joint General Secretary 1 of the Women's League of Burma
The views and opinions expressed in this article are the author's own and do not reflect DVB editorial policy.
Conflict gender Human Rights rape sexual violence war women
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Jennifer Lawrence Wore the Chicest "Lift and Tuck" Leggings
by Allyson Payer
Surprisingly, Jennifer Lawrence's street style is quite accessible (for a celebrity, at least). She actually re-wears pieces and mixes high and low items like a pro. Since she's a constant source of inspiration for so many women, we're always on the lookout for her latest looks, and what we found this week was on the very casual end of the spectrum yet still inspirational: a T-shirt, leggings, and slide sandals.
It's been a minute since we've been particularly inspired by a pair of leggings, as the trend is as saturated as they come. That said, it's helpful to put the reminder out there that they're still (and always will be) a wardrobe staple, and Lawrence's leggings in particular are worth considering for your next purchase. Featuring a flattering high waist and modern graphic line details, the Alo leggings are designed with "lift and tuck" fabric, according to the brand. "The ultra-stretchy fabric lifts and sculpts in all the right places," Alo advertises. I'm sold—how about you?
Shop the leggings J.Law just wore, along with more "lifting" leggings by Alo, below.
The Image Direct
On Jennifer Lawrence: Dior T-shirt; Alo High-Waist Vapor Leggings ($138); Chloé Sawyer Slides ($690)
Alo High-Waist Vapor Leggings ($138)
Shop More Flattering Leggings
Alo High-Waist Camo Vapor Leggings ($128)
Alo High-Waist Seamless Lift Leggings ($110)
Alo High-Waist Airlift Leggings ($118)
Alo Extreme High-Waist Airlift Leggings ($118)
Alo High-Waist Goddess Leggings ($102)
Next, see how Jennifer Lawrence managed to make skinny jeans and flip-flops look cool.


This episode tells the story of how one Russian internet millionaire is turing to cutting-edge science to try to unlock the secret of living forever.
The effects of dark energy were discovered in 1998 but physicists still don't know what it is. Worse, its very existence calls into question Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity - the cornerstone of modern physics. The hunt for the identity of dark energy is on. Experiments on earth and in space generate data that might provide a clue, but there are also hopes that another Einstein might emerge - someone who can write a new theory explaining the mystery of the dark energy.
The oceans define the earth. They are crucial to life and we used to think that they were unique to our blue planet. But we were wrong.
It has recently been discovered that there are oceans all over our solarsystem and they are very similar to our own. And now scientists are going on an epic journey in search of new life in places that never seemed possible. Nasa is even planning to dive to the depths of a strange, distant ocean in a remarkable submarine.
Horizon discovers that the hunt for oceans in space is marking the dawn of a new era in the search for alien life.
The story of how our solar system will be transformed by the aging sun before coming to a spectacular end in about eight billion years. Astronomers can peer into the far future to predict how it will happen by analysing distant galaxies, stars and even planets in their final moments. In this film, Horizon brings these predictions to life in a peaceful midwestern town that has a giant scale model of the solar system spread out all over the city. As it ages, the sun will bloat into a red giant star, swallowing planets... as well as half the town. The fate of the Earth itself hangs in the balance. How will the solar system end?
Liz Bonnin presents a controversial and provocative episode of Horizon, exploring how and why zoos keep animals, and whether they need to change to keep up with modern science, or ultimately be consigned to history. Should zoos cull their animals to manage populations? Liz travels to Copenhagen Zoo to witness their culling process first hand. They think it is a natural part of zoo keeping that is often swept under the carpet. Should some animals never be kept in captivity? In a world exclusive, Liz visits SeaWorld in Florida and asks if captivity drove one of their orcas to kill his trainer. But could zoos be the answer to conserving endangered species? Liz meets one of the last surviving northern white rhinos and discovers the future of this species now lies in a multi-million dollar programme to engineer them for stem cells. Veteran conservation scientist Dr Sarah Bexel tells Liz the science of captive breeding is giving humanity false hope.
Mathematician Dr Hannah Fry uses Dr Xand Van Tulleken as her guinea pig to test whether the algorithms that dating sites use to match people actually work. While Hannah builds a dating site, Xand meets the scientists investigating online dating - and learns what pictures to use and what to write in his profile. He tries out a 'bot' that has automated a swiping app and has an MRI scan to find out whether his brain is equipped for love. 50 members of the public take part in some mini experiments at a date night - and Xand goes on various dates to test whether the algorithm is better than him choosing randomly.
BBC weatherman Peter Gibbs makes an emotional return to Antarctica, years after he lived and worked at the British Antarctic Survey's Halley Research Station. During his time, the station was key to the discovery of the ozone hole, and upon his return, Peter is delighted to see the cutting-edge science being done at Halley today.
Horizon investigates a new era of Alzheimer's research, which is bringing hope to millions across the world. New scanning and gene technology is allowing scientists to identify the disease at its earliest stages, often 15 years before symptoms appear. A series of new drugs trials in Colombia, the USA and Europe are showing startling success in reducing beta amyloid, the protein which is a hallmark of the disease. It is becoming clear that changes in lifestyle can prevent the development of the disease. A new system inside the brain has been discovered which clears amyloid when we are in deep sleep, but allows it to accumulate if we don't sleep well. The programme reveals that for sufferers in the early stages of the disease, brain connections can be strengthened and even replaced by absorbing enough of the right nutrients. In an ageing world, where the biggest risk of developing Alzheimer's is old age, these scientific breakthroughs are bringing hope where once there was despair.
Michael Mosley investigates the dramatic rise in e-cigarettes. They are everywhere these days, but what does the latest scientific research on them reveal? Michael reveals what e-cigarettes are really doing to your health. Are they really better for you than cigarettes? What is actually in them? Is passive vapour harmful? And can they really stop you from smoking? Michael meets some of the scientists around the world studying them, asks a group of volunteers to try to give up smoking regular cigarettes using them, and even takes up 'vaping' himself, smoking an e-cigarette every day for a month to see the effects on his own health - no easy task for such a committed non-smoker.
Dr Xand van Tulleken investigates the world of performance-enhancing drugs - from the athletes seeking the rewards of fame, glory and lucrative sponsorship deals to the hundreds of thousands of people in the UK now regularly taking anabolic steroids to look good and buff up. What are these drugs? What do they do to the body? And is it worth it? Xand's investigation reveals the extraordinary gamble dopers take with their health. Long-term effects include kidney failure, cognitive impairment and testicular shrinkage and Xand witnesses how users are self-experimenting with drugs that have not yet been approved for human use. Horizon uncovers the new frontier of doping, from new molecules to gene therapy - where the genes that control muscle growth are altered. These new methods could be completely undetectable by the doping authorities. Finally, and with the help of his twin brother Chris, Xand discovers the legal ways some athletes try to gain the edge.
The acerbically witty and severely facially disfigured broadcaster Adam Pearson presents a personal film about genetics. He and his twin brother Neil are genetically identical and both share the same genetic disease, Neurofibromatosis 1 (Nf1) - yet they are completely different. Adam's face is covered with growths, whereas Neil looks completely normal. Neil has short term memory loss, whereas Adam is razor sharp.
How can the same genetic disease affect identical twins so differently?
Adam is on the cusp of a successful film and television career, but the disease has left tumours on his face that are growing out of control and he could lose his sight. For years, everyone thought Adam's brother Neil had escaped symptoms, but today his life is governed by epilepsy and a mysterious memory loss that suddenly came on during his teens.
Determined to save their future, Adam tries to find out why the disease affects the twins so differently and see if there is anything he can do to stop it from tearing their lives apart.
We love talking about the weather - is it too hot or too cold, too wet or too windy? It's a national obsession. Now scientists have started looking to the heavens and wondering what the weather might be like on other planets. Today, we are witnessing the birth of extra-terrestrial meteorology, as technology is allowing astronomers to study other planets like never before. They began with our solar system, sending spacecraft to explore its furthest reaches, and now the latest telescopes are enabling astronomers to study planets beyond our solar system.
Our exploration of the universe is revealing alien worlds with weather stranger than anyone could ever have imagined - we've discovered gigantic storm systems that can encircle entire planets, supersonic winds, extreme temperatures and bizarre forms of rain. On some planets, the temperatures are so hot that the clouds and rain are believed to be made of liquid lava droplets, and on other planets it is thought to rain precious stones like diamonds and rubies.
We thought we had extreme weather on Earth, but it turns out that it is nothing compared to what's out there. The search for the weirdest weather in the universe is only just beginning.
Dr Giles Yeo investigates the latest diet craze and social media sensation - clean eating. In a television first, Giles cooks with Ella Mills, the Instagram entrepreneur behind Deliciously Ella, one of the most popular brands associated with clean eating, and examines how far her plant-based cooking is based on science. Giles sifts through the claims of the Hemsley sisters, who advocate not just gluten-free but grain-free cooking, and Natasha Corrett, who popularises alkaline eating through her Honestly Healthy brand. In America, Giles reveals the key alternative health figures whose food philosophies are influencing the new gurus of clean. He discovers that when it comes to their promises about food and our health, all is not always what it appears to be. Inside a Californian ranch where cancer patients have been treated with alkaline food, Giles sees for himself what can happen when pseudoscience is taken to a shocking extreme.
The Horizon team have gathered together a team of scientists and doctors to investigate the incredible, natural material that is growing out of our heads - our hair. With access to the research laboratories of some of the world's leading hair care companies, including L'Oreal and ghd, the team explore the latest cutting-edge research and technology designed to push the boundaries of hair and hair care.


text:
module.exports = (query, request) => {
  const data = {
    id: query.id,
    privacy: 0,
  }
  return request(
    'POST',
    `https://interface.music.163.com/eapi/playlist/update/privacy`,
    data,
    {
      crypto: 'eapi',
      cookie: query.cookie,
      proxy: query.proxy,
      realIP: query.realIP,
      url: '/api/playlist/update/privacy',
    },
  )
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home	Basketball	Boston
Basketball, Boston
Al Horford 1/4 Head Figure
Horford was drafted with the third overall pick in the 2007 NBA draft by the Atlanta Hawks, a team he played nine seasons with before joining the Celtics in 2016. He also represents the Dominican Republic national team.
Isaiah Thomas 1/4 Head Figure
After electing to forgo his senior year in college, Thomas was selected by the Sacramento Kings with the final pick in the 2011 NBA draft. In 2016, he was named an NBA All-Star for the first time.
Shaquille O'Neal 1/4 Head Figure
O'Neal's individual accolades include the 1999–2000 MVP award, the 1992–93 NBA Rookie of the Year award, 15 All-Star game selections, three All-Star Game MVP awards, three Finals MVP awards, two scoring titles, 14 All-NBA team selections, and three NBA All-Defensive Team selections.


Where have you been? Color in all the places you've visited to create custom wall art, or give this gift to a world-traveling friend. Women in three Bangladesh workshops worked together to create the Color Your World Poster Art finished product– including the handmade cotton paper, screen printing, bamboo hanger, and handmade paper box. Meaning "nature" in Bengali, fair trade organization Prokritee supports over 1500 rural artisans who use renewable materials to create inspired product designs. The income women earn through employment with Prokritee helps them secure proper housing, adequate food and education for their children.


How do I tell the Court that my address has changed?
The Notice of Change of Address form is a state form, MC-040 . You can access it and complete it online.
File the completed original and the copy at the Court where your case was heard - see list of courthouses.
Keep the filed copy for your records.
Important: If you are involved in a domestic violence situation and want your address to be confidential, please see the State website Safe at Home for information about getting a safe confidential mailing address.


Variance arranges structured financings, related to trade and capital projects, supported by Export Credit Agencies (ECAs), Multilateral Agencies, Bilateral Agencies, and Developmental Financial Institutions.
Variance advises bidding consortia on their strategy, financial structuring, and bidding process for Government-sponsored PPP or PFI concessions. We manage funding competitions, and advise on negotiations with lenders and hedging providers, rating agencies and the capital markets.
Variance assists in the drafting process of the financial aspects of the offers by ensuring that the offers comply with tender conditions thus increasing the likelihood of the technical offer being finally retained.


Sugarman Slim plays ukulele and sings original renditions of classic pop songs. He is cool and quirky, with something for everyone. He can also DJ at your party or event. Hire a ukulele player in Sydney who will truly make your special event of party.
Sugarman Slim can also DJ at your party or event in addition to performing.
If you are in Sydney and you need a ukulele player, Sugarman Slim will delight you with his talents.
If it's a private party, Sugarman Slim will have everyone smiling.
If it's a pub gig, Sugarman Slim will have everyone thirsty.
If it's a wedding ceremony, Sugarman Slim will have people making out in the aisles before the father of the bride arrives with the main attraction.
Sugarman Slim is the perfect accompaniment for adults parties, children's parties and any type of celebration.
Live music is often instigated to create 'vibe'. People are always listening, but in many instances it's part of an overall atmosphere that is being created. Ultimately, your guests want to be able to talk and comfortably hold a conversation. The sound of the ukulele is lighter than that of a guitar, and hence can be less obtrusive in the early part of function when people want to talk to each other.
Let's face it… how common is a person in the corner strumming a guitar and singing? Why not try something a little different? Your guests/patrons will have a double take when they see the guy playing a little 'baby-guitar'.
Maybe it's the lighter sound, maybe it's the appearance or maybe it's the tonal quality of the instrument, but the ukulele has that unique ability to make people smile. It's a happy instrument.
© 2019 Sugarman Slim. Theme by XtremelySocial.


Whether you're just starting to think about adoption, actively waiting to adopt, or if you've just recently welcomed your baby home, it's important to understand how the Adoption Tax Credit can help your family!
This is a great webinar to start better understanding the Adoption Tax Credit and how it will apply for your family. Please note that we do not present this material to you as tax professionals, but rather to help you gather knowledge, questions, and other items so that a tax professional can best assist you with your personal tax and adoption circumstances. It's highly recommended that you consult a qualified tax preparer for specific answers about how the Adoption Tax Credit will apply in your unique adoption story.
Tune in as we tell you all you need to know (and more!) about the Adoption Tax Credit!
You can watch "Lifetime's Webinar: Understanding the Adoption Tax Credit" right now, at AdoptionWebinar.com.
To watch this webinar, you'll need to subscribe to AdoptionWebinar.com. Subscribing is free, and it'll give you access to watch any of our numerous webinar recordings. You'll also be emailed info, dates, and times about our future webinars! You can subscribe using this link.
Are You Ready to Grow Your Family Through Adoption?
Have you been thinking about welcoming a second (or third) child into your home? For many, adoption is one of the biggest and most rewarding decisions of their lives. If you're already a parent and would like to grow your family through adoption, there are questions to ask yourselves and factors to weigh in. Keep scrolling to discover how you can realize your dream and grow your family through adoption!
How will adoption affect our lives?
Think about the areas of your lives that would be affected by a new addition. Factors to consider include time, finances, housing, scheduled commitments, and values.
Why do we want to adopt another child?
There are lots of reasons why people want to parent again; some valid and some a bit questionable. Is it because you have a strong wish to parent another child? Maybe you have experience with parenting and feel confident about it. Does it feel as if there's a missing piece in your family "puzzle"? These are all examples of good reasons to expand your family through adoption.
However, you may wish to stop and think a little more if you want to adopt because your child wants a sibling, you want to make a difference to a "child in need," or you believe that another child will fix your marriage.
We hope the questions and concerns we shared here are helpful as you think about whether or not to grow your family through adoption. Another child will definitely change your current family dynamic, so it's wonderful you're pondering your reasons for adopting.
As you think about this decision, we encourage you to seek out adoption books, blogs, and professionals that may be helpful. Recognize that the decision to adopt is ultimately a personal one. Take as much time as you need to make the best choice for you, your spouse, and your current child(ren).
Once you're ready to start your adoption journey, you can message us or call us at 1-800-923-6784. We'll help you begin the path towards domestic infant adoption!


Published: Mar 12 at 4 a.m.
Last Wednesday as I was driving home from work, the most amazing thing happened. For about 30 seconds, I felt like I was on the set of a movie. It sounds corny, but here's what unfolded.
The golden hour refers to a period just after sunrise or just before sunset; its duration depends on where you are, what time of year it is, and the weather conditions. It's a special time for photography and photographers are quite aware of the magic of the golden hour.
During the golden hour, the temperature is in the yellow range, which gives the light that amazing, golden hue.


Sitting Room: Spacious room with wood burning stove, 2 large sofas and 2 armchairs, TV and CD player.
Bedroom 4: Twin beds, bedside table and lamp, chest of drawers, wardrobe. En-suite Wet Room: shower, hand basin and WC.
Plenty of parking at the front. Fully enclosed rear garden with patio area and picnic table, plus lawned area. Gate to the playing fields and also a gate to the garden of Sleepers next door.


Confederate Yankee: Aid and Comfort. Go state our side of the story.
I read the exchange; he refuses to budge which I guess is the bull headedness of both Confederates AND Yankees, so maybe he is truer to his nature with his name than he realizes.


Idrochemical™ was established in 1978 and have since been manufacturing single stage centrifugal pumps to serve both chemical and petrochemical industries. With the manufacturing plant located in Northern Italy, Idrochemical™ produces various types of centrifugal pumps to cater for a variety of services and application.
From horizontal centrifugal pumps including close coupled, Idrochemical™'s NCM and NCB range of pumps meets both ISO 2858 and ISO 5199 dimension and design criteria respectively.
The NCL range of pumps are vertical in-line pumps with the NCLD range designed to meet API 610 standard. To cater for the demand of vertical sump pump, Idrochemical had develop the NCV range to satisfy this requirement.
Contact us to discuss how we can assist in your pumping needs.
All product names, logos and brands used in this website are for identification purposes only, are property of their respective owners, and do not imply endorsement.
Idrochemical™ trademark is used with permission from Idrochemical s.r.l.


In this module we will talk about hyperparameter optimization process. We will also have a special video with practical tips and tricks, recorded by four instructors.
Nowadays, XGBoost and LightGBM became really gold standard.
preparing this course, so CatBoost didn't have time to win people's hearts.
But it looks very interesting and promising, so check it out.
These models are powerful, and can be used along with gradient boosting.
And finally, there is a model called regularized Greedy Forest.
very slow and hard to use, but you can try it on small data sets.
Okay, what important parameters do we have in XGBoost and LightGBM?
The two libraries have similar parameters and we'll use names from XGBoost.
corresponding parameter names from LightGBM.
LightGBM work at least a very high level.
gradually optimizing a given objective.
And first there are many parameters that control the tree building process.
Max_depth is the maximum depth of a tree.
And of course, the deeper a tree can be grown the better it can fit a dataset.
So increasing this parameter will lead to faster fitting to the train set.
sometimes it is 2, sometimes it is 27.
is becoming better and better on the validation set as you increase the depth.
So it's better to stop tuning and try to generate some features.
I would recommend to start with a max_depth of about seven.
the learning will take a longer time.
unless you are 100% sure you need it.
leaves in the tree rather than the maximum depth.
but have small number of leaves and not over fit.
Some simple parameter controls a fraction of objects to use when feeding a tree.
One might think that it's better always use all the objects, right?
But in practice, it turns out that it's not.
then the model is less prone to overfitting.
the same time it will probably generalize better than this over-fitted model.
So, it works kind of as a regularization.
this is controlled by parameters colsample_bytree and colsample_bylevel.
you can try to lower down these parameters.
The most important one is min_child_weight.
If we increase it, the model will become more conservative.
this parameter, the model will be less constrained.
it's one of the most important parameters to tune in XGBoost and LightGBM.
15, 300, so do not hesitate to try a wide range of values, it depends on the data.
Eta is essentially a learning weight, like in gradient descent.
in other words how many tree's we want to build.
added to the model with a learning rate eta.
the faster the model fits to the train set and probably it can lead to over fitting.
And more steps model does, the better the model fits.
But there are several caveats here.
it will just not converge.
So first, we need to find out if we are using small enough learning rate.
the model will learn nothing after a large number of rounds.
But at the same time, small learning rate often leads to a better generalization.
that the model generalize and doesn't take forever to train.
0.01, and then find how many rounds we should train the model til it over fits.
We usually use early stopping for it.
We monitor the validation loss and exit the training when loss starts to go up.
we can do a trick that usually improves the score.
at the same time, we divide eta by the factor of alpha.
For example, we double the number of steps and divide eta by 2.
the resulting model usually becomes better.
but usually it's okay to leave them as is.
many people recommend to fix seed before hand.
as anyway every changed parameter will lead to completely different model.
different random seeds do not change training results much.
down on the leaderboard just by training a model with different random seeds.
If random seed doesn't affect model too much, good.
participate in that competition as the results can be quite random.
All right, we're finished with gradient boosting.
Now let's get to RandomForest and ExtraTrees.
So I will say RandomForest meaning both of the models.
RandomForest and ExtraBoost build trees, one tree after another.
But, RandomForest builds each tree to be independent of others.
RandomForest as opposed to gradient boosting.
random forest is controlled by N_estimators parameter.
we may want to determine what number of trees is sufficient to have.
but the models will fit longer.
and see how long does it take to fit 10 trees on that data.
say 300, but it actually depends.
This plot usually looks like that.
We have number of trees on the x-axis and the accuracy score on y-axis.
we don't need to use more while tuning parameter.
It's pretty reliable to use 50 trees.
we can set N_estimators to a higher value just to be sure.
You can find code for this plot, actually, in the reading materials.
there is a parameter max_depth that controls depth of the trees.
it can be set to none, which corresponds to unlimited depth.
the model with unconstrained depth will over fit immediately.
I recommend you to start with a depth of about 7 for random forest.
gradient boosting, so do not hesitate to try a depth 10, 20, and higher.
Max_features is similar to call sample parameter from XGBoost.
The more features I use to decipher a split, the faster the training.
But on the other hand, you don't want to use too few features.
min_child_weight from XGBoost and the same as min_data_leaf from LightGPM.
a split in the tree with a criterion parameter.
It can be either Gini or Entropy.
To choose one, we should just try both and pick the best performing one.
In my experience Gini is better more often, but sometimes Entropy wins.
We can also fix random seed using random_state parameter, if we want.
And finally, do not forget to set n_jobs parameter to a number of cores you have.
As by default, RandomForest from sklearn uses only one core for some reason.
of gradient boost and decision trees, and random forest.
neural networks and linear models.


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This document outlines features of PacLII's new search facility (called autosearch) and other aspects of the new PacLII interface.
No need to specify search types There is no longer any need to specify the search type ('Any of these words' 'this Boolean phrase', 'this document title' etc). Autosearch can usually work out what type of search the user is attempting and apply the correct search type. This should be of particular benefit to less experienced searchers, but also help where experienced searchers forget to specify the correct search type.
Previous searches and connectors still work Most searches previously used on PacLII will still work, with the exceptions of searches for a single phrase, and some unusual title searches (see below). You can also use all the connectors previously used ('and', 'or', 'near', 'w/10' etc).
Recognises searches for any words To do an 'any of these words' search, just list your search terms. For example, either of the following searches are the same, and find documents containing any of the search terms: 'missile bomb weapon'; or 'missile, bomb, weapon'. This is the default search type unless (as explained below), autosearch recognises a search as Boolean, or for a case, or for legislation, or for a phrase.
Recognises connectors (Boolean searches) If you use any connector in a search ('and', 'or', 'near', 'w/10' etc) then autosearch will automatically treat the search as a Boolean search. If you don't want 'and' or 'or' or 'near' to be treated as connectors, you must put the phrase they are part of within double quotes (this is the same as before).
Searching for cases It is now much easier to find just the case (or cases) with a particular title. A search which contains 'v' or 'v.' or 'vs' or vs.' or 're' will be recognised automatically as a search for a case name, and the search results will be restricted to documents (usually cases or casenotes) containing the phrases on either side of the 'v' or 'vs', or immediately following the 're'. So, for example, the following searches all work well: 'Mabo v Queensland'; 'Queensland vs Mabo'; 'Lenah v Australian Broadcasting'; 'Broadcasting Corporation vs Lenah'; 'Re Smith'; 'In re Smith'. Try them.
Autosearch cannot yet handle searching for two phrases in the same search. Please put in a Boolean connector (eg 'private affairs or personal information' will work but ' "private affairs" "personal information" ' will not).
Use Advanced Search where needed Where autosearch cannot recognise the type of search you want to do, you can use the Full Search Form to specify the search type. The Full Search Form is also used to specify limited scope searches over only some databases.
This is only the first version of autosearch. Other types of assistance to users are under development. This page will be updated as new features are added.
The following new features are available on PacLII. We hope you like them. Feedback is welcome and should be sent via PacLII Feedback.
The page displaying results of any PacLII search now offers four different methods of display, which the user can choose to use in any order. We suggest that users experiment with the various ways in which search results can be displayed.
By Relevance – The default results display is by order of likely relevance to the search request, most relevant first. See 'New search features' for some SINO changes affecting relevance ranking.
The 'Collapse Title' option groups the results together based on the first alphanumeric character in the title, that is, 'A' to 'Z' and then '0-9'.
The 'Collapse Listing | Expand Listing' option is only available with the 'By Database' display. 'Collapse Listing' will first collapse all results into groupings of databases by document type and jurisdiction (eg 'Supreme Court of Vanuatu' or 'Court of Appeal of Vanuatu'). If used again it will collapse the databases into 'Vanuatu Case Law ' etc. By doing this, all cases or all legislation can be chosen without use of the 'Full Search Form'. If 'Expand Listing' is chosen the process will then be reversed.
Law on Google – Converts the PacLII search into the correct format for a Google search; adds terms to PacLII search to restrict it to law-related materials only; executes search on Google and takes user to Google results page.
'Results per page:' options - Where all search results are displayed, an option on the right side allows users to choose between displaying 10, 20, 50 (default) or 100 results per page.
The search language is now more compatible with Lexis, Westlaw and Google syntax. Searches like Google style +murder -child etc work as do /10 style Westlaw/QL operators.
Dates now work properly for sorting of results (vital for 'By Date' display).
SINO now returns and sorts all results from a search, no matter how many. A previous limit of 20,000 maximum results that could be sorted has been removed.
All words will become searchable (not fully implemented). However, a new smaller list of common words <http:///paclii/help/sino_common.html> needs to be "quoted" (ie put in double quotes) before they are searchable.
Search times are much faster. However, excessive placing of phrases in quotation marks can lead to very slow results.


During training camp, Coleman was traded from Cleveland to Buffalo for a 2020 seventh-round pick.
Coleman, 24, was drafted 15th overall in 2016 by the Browns. He played in 19 games for the Browns over the last two seasons, including 18 starts, amassing 56 receptions for 718 yards and five touchdowns. With Julian Edelman still suspended, New England has rolled with a thin receiver group, consisting of Phillip Dorsett, Chris Hogan and Cordarrelle Patterson.
Fowler, 27, was signed by Denver as an undrafted free agent in 2014 and hauled in 56 receptions for 698 yards and five touchdowns in 45 games with the Broncos.
The Carolina Panthers selected Barner in the sixth round of the 2013 NFL Draft.