text:
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With Michael Benyaer, Fred Tatasciore, Laura Waddell, Jonathan Cahill. Frederick Owen TatascioreJune 15, 1967 (age 53)New York City, New York, United States 9", "Master of Orion trailer reveals a cast of sci-fi stars", "Meet the deadly cast of Suda51's new PS4 action game, Let It Die: Mark Hamill, Verne Troyer, Billy Dee Williams and Traci Lords provide voices", "Sadly not – my good friend @fred_tatasciore does the honors this time around – and brilliantly!!! He has also voiced Neftin Prog in Ratchet & Clank: Into the Nexus, Nikolai Belinski in the Call of Duty franchise, Megatron in Transformers: War for Cybertron, Fall of Cybertron, Dark of the Moon and Rise of the Dark Spark, Tookit in ThunderCats and the Business Cat in the Cartoon Hangover web series Our New Electrical Morals administered by Frederator Studios. Place of birth:
Lyric Ross Chicago Pd, Birth name: Vintage Leicester Tigers Shirt, Cardiff City Defenders,
": The voices of, https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Fred_Tatasciore?oldid=9340933. Fred Tatasciore Fred Tatasciore is a voice actor who has voiced several characters in World of Warcraft. Journal Of Ayub Medical College, Check out some of the IMDb editors' favorites movies and shows to round out your Watchlist.
[1], Tatasciore also voices Lieutenant Shaxs in Star Trek: Lower Decks. The Thing From Another World Wiki, Roll Tide Meme Funny, First Artificial Football Pitch Uk,
Avery Johnson Net Worth, The Luggie Cumbernauld, Fred Tatasciore (born 13 June 1968; age 52) is a voice actor who lent his voice to the 2013 sequel Star Trek Into Darkness. 13 June 1968 Asa Anesthesia, Date of birth: Occupation Roles: Bringing This Family Home/Flight of the Penguin, Curse of the Monkeybird/Deflating Planet/Harm Wrestling, Siberian Sam/Moving Hole/Fleece & Desist/Mirror Planet, Big League Beast/Mini Elmer/Firehouse Frenzy, Turtle-dega Nights: The Ballad of Rat Man/The Ancient Art of Ninja Hide and Seek, Mortal Kombat Legends: Scorpion's Revenge. London He can be heard regularly on Fox's "Family Guy," "American Dad," and "The Cleveland Show." Further film work includes the action comedy Team America: World Police (2004), the animated projects Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children (2005), The Wild (2006, with William Shatner, David Cowgill, Kevin Michael Richardson, Nicholas Guest, and Nolan North), and The Ant Bully (2006), the fantasy adventure Charlotte's Web (2006), the horror thriller Dead Silence (2007, with Bob Gunton), the comic adaptation TMNT (2007, with Patrick Stewart, Nolan North, Kevin Michael Richardson, and Barbara Harris), Meet the Robinsons (2007), the fantasy film Enchanted (2007), the adventure Beowulf (2007, with Sharisse Baker-Bernard, Greg Ellis, Shay Duffin, and Dominic Keating), the animated films Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (2008), 9 (2009), The Princess and the Frog (2009), and Tangled (2010, with Donna Murphy), the horror sequel Hellraiser: Revelations (2011), and the animted films Kung Fu Panda 2 (2011), Wreck-It Ralph (2012), Planes (2013), Frozen (2013), and Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014).
He also voices Mordekaiser in League of Legends. He also lent his voice to over 250 video games such as X-Men: Next Dimension (2002), Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater (2004), The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004), The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth (2004), Batman Begins (2005), The Matrix: Path of Neo (2005), Age of Empires III (2005), Marvel: Ultimate Alliance (2006), World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade (2007), 300: March to Glory (2007), Transformers: The Game (2007), BioShock (2007), Halo 3 (2007), Assassin's Creed (2007), Uncharted: Drake's Fortune (2007), Kung Fu Panda (2008), The Incredible Hulk (2008), 007: Quantum of Solace (2008), Call of Duty: World of War (2008), X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009), Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009), Batman: Arkham Asylum (2009), Assassin's Creed II (2009), Uncharted II: Among Thieves (2009), Mass Effect II (2010), Star Wars: The Force Unleashed II (2010), Call of Duty: Black Ops (2010), X-Men Destiny (2011), Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception (2011), Star Wars: The Old Republic (2011), Diablo III (2012), Halo 4 (2012), Resident Evil 6 (2012), World of Warcraft: Mists of Pandaria (2012), Deadpool (2013), Lego Marvel Super Heroes (2013), Diablo III: Reaper of Souls (2014), The Sims 4 (2014), Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare (2014), and Mortal Kombat X (2015). Fred Tatasciore is a voice actor/animator known for his work in film, television and games. Veronica Chamaedrys, Fred Tatasciore Death – Dead : A great loss was made known to InsideEko. Together with David Sobolov he provided all the Klingon voices heard in the film except the one of Sean Blakemore. Jason Hart Jockey Age, German Actors In Hollywood, More details have not been released about this death, and actual death age and date are yet to confirmed by us. On television, Tatasciore lent his voice to the series Naruto (2002-2003), Star Wars: Clone Wars (2005), What's New, Scooby-Doo? Amazon Prime Error Code 1061, Marvel Super Hero Adventures: Frost Fight! Dry-Cleaners and Dragons/In the Mouth of Badness, Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order, Pizza Party/The Tavern at the End of the Multiverse, Captain Underpants and the Crazy Caustic Spray of the Contagious Cruelius Sneezer, Captain Underpants and the Frantic Fury of the Fearsome Furculees, Cosmic Communications / A Bad Case of the Sherris, No Sleep til 8 O'clock / Gluko's Jelly Jam, Innervasion Part 4: Mind Over Alien Matter, The Conscious Liberation of the Female State, LEGO DC Comics Super Heroes: Aquaman - Rage of Atlantis, LEGO Marvel Super Heroes: Black Panther - Trouble in Wakanda, Manchovy Prison Break/Wrong Place, Wrong Time/Future Danny Finale, Be Mine Across Time/Fyootchy Swap/Steak Starbolt Movie Trailer, Bug vs. Spider-Man Wiki is a FANDOM Comics Community. Fred Tatasciore is an American voice actor who portrays secondary characters as well as monstrous-looking types. He plays Aaarggggh! [3]. Frederick "Fred" Tatasciore (pronounced "Tat-a-score-e") (born June 15, 1967, in New York City, New York) is an American voice actor. Please ignore rumors and hoaxes. Is Georgia State A D1 School, Kokoda Campaign,
National Day Of Fasting 2020, (15 Mar 2019). 1999-present and many characters on the new show, "Trollhunters" (for Netflix by Guillermo Del Torro), For Marvel, he has voiced Hulk/Banner, Beast, … Fred Tatasciore provides the voice of Bane in Batman: Arkham Asylum and its sequel, Batman: Arkham City, as well asthe voice of Solomon Grundy in Batman: Arkham City. New York City, New York, USA Mystery Incorporated (2010-2013, with Frank Welker), Mad (2010-2013), Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness (2011-2014), Monsters vs. Aliens (2013-2014), Mickey Mouse (2013-2014), Ultimate Spider-Man (2012-2015), American Dad (2005-2015), Family Guy (1999-2015), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2013-2015), Marvel's Avengers Assemble (2013-2015), and Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. Character(s): ": The Voices of Star Wars: The Force Awakens", "EXCLUSIVE TRAILER DEBUT: Joker Rules in "Batman Unlimited: Monster Mayhem, "Animated 'Mortal Kombat' Movie Sets Cast With Joel McHale, Jennifer Carpenter", "Embrace your inner child with this first look at LEGO DC: Shazam-Magic & Monsters", "Huge thanks to the stellar MKX voice actors: Troy @TroyBakerVA (Shinnok/EBlack/Fujin), Ronald M. Banks (Quan Chi); Ashly Burch (Cassie)...", "Danielle Nicolet (Jacqui/Sareena); Fred Tatasciore (Tremor); and Grey DeLisle and Dante Basco with some extra VO help. Hannover 96 Vs Karlsruher Sc Prediction, Together with David Sobolov he provided all the Klingon voices heard in the film except the one of Sean Blakemore. (Also Silent). Amc Tdo Recruitment,
So what? Hazel Mountain Trail Map, Esmalglass Logo, Fred Tatasciore (/ ˈ t æ t ə ʃ ɔːr /; Italian: [tataʃˈʃoːre]; born June 15, 1967) is … Source (2003-2005), Invader ZIM (2001-2006), Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job (2007), Grim & Evil (2005-2007), Ben 10 (2006-2008), Naruto: Shippûden (2007-2008), Wolverine and the X-Men (2008-2009, with Nolan North and Susan Dalian), Back at the Barnyard (2007-2009), Wolverine (2011), The Cleveland Show (2009-2011, with Kevin Michael Richardson), X-Men (2011, with Cam Clarke), Batman: The Brave and the Bold (2010-2011, starring Diedrich Bader), The Penguins of Madagascar (2010-2012), Thundercats (2012), The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes (2010-2012), TRON: Uprising (2012), Scooby-Doo!
Powder Coating Rims, If you have any unfortunate news that this page should be update with, please let us know using this form. Fred Tatasciore (born 13 June 1968; age 52) is a voice actor who lent his voice to the 2013 sequel Star Trek Into Darkness. Fred Tatasciore is a voice actor/animator known for his work in film, television and games. Directions To Campbellsville Kentucky,
Fred Tatasciore is an American voice actor. Nathaniel Parker Net Worth, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles cast members, Team America: World Police (2004; animated), Batman: The Killing Joke (2016; animated), https://cinemorgue.fandom.com/wiki/Fred_Tatasciore?oldid=687928. Pirates of the Caribbean: The Legend of Jack Sparrow: Pirates of the Caribbean: The Legend of Jack Sparrow, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zB0mYapIez8, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgfJrp_X8NY, https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/Fred_Tatasciore?oldid=4209350. Disney Wiki is a FANDOM Movies Community. He voices the character "8" in the Tim Burton-produced film 9. Filming Harry Potter, Charity Commission and Company House in England Registration Number: 1116823, Office Address Having heard about this great loss, the family of this individual is passing through pains, mourning the unexpected passing of their beloved. [2]. Fred Tatasciore is an American voice actor who portrays secondary characters as well as monstrous-looking types.
Fred Tatasciore (born 13 June 1968; age 52) is a voice actor who lent his voice to the 2013 sequel Star Trek Into Darkness. Fred Tatasciore is an American voice actor who portrays secondary characters as well as monstrous-looking types. Fred Tatasciore Death – Dead : A great loss was made known to InsideEko. Schwartz, Fright Hound, Phantom, Thunder, Drilldozer, Witch Doctor (Aldous Witch), Muscle Dad, White Elephant, additional voices. This departure was confirmed through social media posts made by Twitter users who pour out tributes, and condolences to the family of the deceased. Looking for some great streaming picks? Texas Longhorns Football Websites, This departure was confirmed through social media posts made … Batman: Arkham Asylum - The Road to Arkham, https://arkhamcity.fandom.com/wiki/Fred_Tatasciore?oldid=91069, Unlike the previous games, Fred doesn't return as the voice of Bane in. He currently voices Yosemite Sam, Gossamer, Peter Potamus, Reddy and Droop-a-Long Coyote, and Hulk There's no robots? Beckley, Wv Zip Code Extension, 9th Infantry Division Korean War, Title: to "Traitor!
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Fred Tatasciore speaks during the 2018 WonderCon. Huskies Hockey, Rock in Batman: The Brave and the Bold..
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fred tatasciore death 2020


text:
10 Actors Who Have Won The Most Oscars
MW Staff 2 min read
The most important event of 2017 is almost here, which means there are new opportunities for historic firsts and record-breaking wins. But before that, here's taking a look at some actors and actresses who have received multiple Academy Awards.
Hollywood's leading lady since more than 60 years, Katharine Hepburn is renowned for her fiery independence and spirited personality and holds the record for winning four Oscars for Morning Glory (1933), Guess Who's Coming To Dinner (1967), The Lion in Winter (1968) and On Golden Pond (1981).
This intense method actor won an Oscar each for his films My Left Foot (1989), There Will Be Blood (2007) and Lincoln (2012).
Known for her versatility on-screen, Meryl Streep is usually cited in the media as the "best actress of her generation". She is nominated this year too and is already the winner of three Oscars for Sophie's Choice (1982), The Iron Lady (2011) and Kramer vs. Kramer (1979, for the best supporting actress).
Jack Nicholson won the Best Actor award twice for his films One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest (1975) and As Good As it Gets (1997). He also won the Best Supporting Actor award for Terms of Endearment (1983).
This fiery actress won the Best Actress award for Gaslight (1944) and Anastasia (1956), while she is also the winner of the Best Supporting Actress award for her film, Murder in Orient Express (1974).
The fantastic Walter Brennan won three Oscars in the Best Supporting Actor category for his films Come and Get it (1936), Kentucky (1938) and The Westerner (1940).
Regarded as one of the greatest actresses in Hollywood history, Betty Davis has two Oscars to her kitty for Dangerous (1935) and Jezebel (1938).
The man was noted for his natural style and versatility, which earned him two Oscars for Captains Courageous (1937) and Boys Town (1938).
An American actor, film director and activist, Marlon Brando is credited for bringing about a marked change in Hollywood with his realistic portrayals and he is also considered one of the most influential actors of all time. He won two Oscars during his lifespan for On The Waterfront (1954) and The Godfather (1972).
Jack Lemmon starred in over 60 films and is the winner of two Academy Awards for his films Save The Tiger (1973) and Mister Roberts (1955).
Tags	#Academy Awards	#actors	#Check this out	#cinema	#Films	#Hollywood	#Oscar race	#The most number of wins	#What's new	#Winners list
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Dictators see Swiss millions frozen
Switzerland said on Monday it had frozen 830 million francs ($960 million) in funds belonging to north African strongmen since the start of this year's popular uprisings.
Published: 3 May 2011 11:19 CEST
Swiss Foreign Minister Micheline Calmy-Rey revealed the figure during a conference in Tunisia, where she is on a three-day visit, foreign ministry spokesman Lars Knuchel told AFP.
Most of the blocked funds – 410 million francs – are linked to former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak and his associates, Knuchel said.
Another 360 million francs blocked by Switzerland are believed to belong to Libyan leader Muammar Qaddafi's regime and 60 million francs to former Tunisian leader Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and his associates.
Switzerland ordered the freezing of the assets of Ben Ali and Mubarak shortly after they were toppled in popular uprisings in January and February respectively.
It ordered a freeze on Qaddafi's assets in February after he cracked down on opposition protests, sparking an armed conflict with rebels and international military action against his regime.
AFP [email protected] @thelocalswitzer
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Cashless payments in Switzerland: What is Twint and how does it work?
If you live in Switzerland, you are likely no stranger to Twint and maybe even use it regularly to make and receive payments. But if you are not familiar with this app, this is what you should know.
Published: 3 November 2021 13:21 CET
Updated: 14 November 2021 08:17 CET
"Twinting" money with a smartphone is easy and convenient. Photo by Andrea Piacquadio from Pexels
In Switzerland, the word "Twint" is used both as a noun and a verb.
As a noun, it describes the mobile application which allows you to pay for various goods and services practically everywhere in the country.
As a verb, ("to twint"), it means to send someone money, or receive it, via the same app.
So what exactly is Twint?
Simply put, it is digital cash (not to be confused with bitcoin, which is digital currency) that was first introduced in Switzerland in 2014 and has become very popular since then.
Twint logo. Image by Twint.ch
People like it because it is an easy and quick way to make instantaneous payments, especially in situations when credit cards or physical cash can't be used.
A big part of its convenience is that it can be used at cash registers, vending machines and parking meters, as well as in online shops — pretty much everywhere in Switzerland, even in places that don't accept credit cards.
The only similar mode of payment would be your maestro debit card issued by your bank.
This video explains exactly how the process works.
Another advantage of Twint is that you can use it to send money to someone else's mobile phone — as long as they also have Twint. And you can receive money the same way.
And there are no fees or charges for this service.
How does Twint work?
Anyone can use Twint, but you need a Swiss bank account or a credit card and, of course, a smartphone.
According to Twint website, you need a smartphone with either an iOS (from version 12.2 and upwards) or Android (from version 7 and upwards) operating system and Bluetooth capability (from version 4.0 and upwards).
"It is generally not possible for Twint to be used on Apple devices with an operating system older than "iOS 12.2" or on Android devices with an operating system older than "Android 7". On Android devices without access to the Google Play Store (e.g. on certain HUAWEI models), the use of Twint app is also not possible".
But If you have a compatible phone, installing Twint is easy.
Swiss banks offer their own version of the app, and you can download it directly from your bank's website.
Then, when you use Twint to make a payment, the amount is debited directly from your bank account or credit card.
By the same token, if you receive payment from another Twint user, the money is automatically deposited in your account.
And you are not limited to just one Twint app.
If you have accounts is several banks, or have more than one credit card, you can install and use all of them.
READ MORE: How to open a bank account in Switzerland
Can Twint be used to make payments and receive money from abroad?
For the moment, Twint can be used solely in Switzerland and payments can be made only in Swiss francs – although this may change in future.
"We are, however, working closely with providers in other countries to develop an international and multi-currency solution", according to Twint website.
You can find more information about Twint here.
READ MORE: Which bank is best for Americans in Switzerland?
The Local Switzerland [email protected] @thelocalswitzer


Looking for something creative and fun for the school holidays? Book into one of our school holiday classes* and let the kids unleash their imagination in glass. Under the guidance of some of Australia's most acclaimed glass artists, students will learn introductory techniques in glass making to create their own masterpiece.
*Please note, our program runs during the ACT school holidays.
Explore Canberra Glassworks gallery with the artists of current exhibition Long held customs then get hands on with glass, making your own glass puppet, in this exhibition themed tour & workshop.
Design an Easter tile, creating Easter bilby, bunny, chick or eggs in glass.
Design an Easter plate in glass. Learn to cut, fuse and arrange coloured glass using templates to create bunnies and chicks.
Stick assorted mosaic glass jewels onto a 3 dimensional egg form to make a treasure perfect for the Easter table.


text:
New technology may uncover the root of critical infections and cut health care costs
A new study suggests a pioneering testing technology could reduce hospital stays by up to eight days and lower annual health care costs for people with serious infections by approximately $2.2 million (€1.5 million / £1.2 million). (1)
The cost reductions are based on a health economic model from the RApid Diagnosis of Infections in the CriticAlly IlL (RADICAL) study, presented at the 54th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in Washington, D.C
The RADICAL study indicates that Abbott's technology (Polymerase chain reaction/Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry or PCR/ESI-MS) has the ability to detect the source of the infection – such as bacteria, fungi or viruses – within hours, even when blood cultures (current standard of care) are negative. This information could help doctors diagnose and initiate appropriate treatments more quickly. Additionally, the Abbott technology may offer the potential for earlier discontinuation of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
"When a critically ill person enters the hospital with a suspected infection, clinicians try to determine the cause using tests that may take days to weeks. This can lead to significant delays in appropriate treatment and extended hospital stays," said David J. Ecker, Ph.D., divisional vice president, R&D for Abbott's Ibis Biosciences business. "Abbott's new technology is designed to identify infections rapidly, without culture, and provide clinicians with information to quickly prescribe the most effective treatment."
An independent, expert panel of physicians reviewed the RADICAL study results from samples obtained from 420 critically ill patients with suspected severe infections from the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Germany. After retrospectively comparing Abbott's technology versus culture, the physicians (2) reported they would have prescribed a different course of treatment in 57 percent of the cases evaluated based on the Abbott technology results.
"More than 50 percent of blood culture tests come back negative, even when infections are believed to exist," said study author Jean-Louis Vincent, M.D., Ph.D.,
Professor of Intensive Care, Université Libre de Bruxelles and the Head of the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme. "The results of the RADICAL study and the economic analysis suggest the Abbott technology will provide actionable information much earlier, allow physicians to improve patient outcomes and may ultimately lower overall health care costs related to these serious infections."
Each year, sepsis affects more than 26 million people worldwide. The fast-moving bloodstream infection is considered the most expensive in-hospital condition, costing more than $20 billion each year in the U.S. (3) and more than £2.5 billion in the UK. (4) Based on results from the RADICAL study, it was determined that by using the Abbott technology, a hospital could reduce intensive care costs for people with blood-related infections by more than 30 percent each year. (1)
Abbott has developed a platform based on PCR/ESI-MS technology with the goal to deliver a broad range of tests that can identify hundreds of bacteria, fungi and viruses directly from a patient specimen within eight hours. The platform, known as IRIDICA (not available in the U.S.), is expected to be available as a CE marked in vitro diagnostic device in European countries within the coming months.
For a hospital that sees approximately 500 patients with blood-related infections each year. Costs were derived from intensive care and non-intensive care lengths of stay.
Nine independent physicians from the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Germany on an adjudication panel assessing the RADICAL study retrospectively.
Agency for Health care Research and Quality Health care Cost and Utilization Project Statistical Brief No. 160 August 2013. National inpatient hospital costs: the most expensive conditions by payer, 2011
UK Sepsis Trust, August 2013. http://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/sepsis-brief.pdf
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Avastin receives renewed support in Europe
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So when nothing in our lives was working out and when we were down but not yet out…we decided to take a break! A new show had been sucking the life out of us and for the first time …in ever were the both of us tired and low about theatre! When life brings you downs….sometimes you have to create your own highs! And that's what we did!
Emptying our bank accounts with no idea how we were going to figure the show or the sponsorships out- we escaped….to Turkey!
Our first stop was Cappadocia… a land of Fairy chimneys and tales untold. Magical and surreal we were looking for this short escape from life and this seemed the perfect stop!
To get to Cappadocia , you must fly to Kayseri. A small airport in the middle of nowhere, we were glad we'd arrange transport to our hotel! Getting outside, the landscape looked nothing like what was promised to us. Barren , flat and boring it was like luck was just not on our side! Infact as we headed off in the car, driving through what looked like dessert we saw the most incredible sight- Mc Donalds! Well that was as un-Turkish as the rest of this miserable trip ! The car ride took about 1 hour and suddenly in the final 15 minutes or so, everything changed! Chimneys appeared from almost nowhere and the land looked like a fairytale come to life! Rock formations in crazy shapes and the car now seemed to be going up and down hill and there was suddenly too much to see and not enough time!The incredible cave dwellings still had people living in them , we were told, and I was really excited now to see where we'd be staying!
And before we knew it we were at our hotel – the exquisite Museum Hotel. Now we had specifically chosen a Luxury Cave Hotel to get the real Cappadocian experience and wow we were in for a treat! Our room was gigantic and our bathroom even larger. We had a small , oddly shaped cave window and every possible luxury you could imagine. Traveling all night and most of the day we were exhausted and we decided to head to the pool to relax. The pool, perfectly placed on the edge of a Cliff almost melted into the blue sky and one quick dip and we were refreshed and relaxed! Suddenly we heard the pitter patter of little feet on the stone and there were two glorious pups frolicking in the hotel. They are the owners dogs we were later told, though they often commanded a great deal more attention than the owners did!
Dinner was pre set and I was worried. This hotel in the middle of nowhere may not really be able to cater to my very difficult tastebuds and I was FAMISHED! I was wrong! The chef was the winner of International food Awards and the food just melted in my mouth! The turkish cuisine was fabulous and I wished desperately that our 5 course meal would last forever! The meal ended with some fabulous Turkish apple tea and we called it a night!
Turkey is approximately 2.5 hours behind us so getting up the next morning at 5 am (equivalent of 7:30 am) worked out okay! I was even to have a quick wash to get ready for our champagne balloon ride above Cappadocia! Now in most cities I would warn against doing anything remotely touristy but in Cappadocia if you don't do the balloon ride, you've really missed on quite an incredible experience! We watched as the balloons got fired up and then headed up, up and away above the glorious Cappadocian landscape- taking hundreds of pictures and photographing what looked like Google map images of earth! So high in the sky all our troubles were forgotten and as we bobbed in the balloon looking at the tens of other balloons that dotted the sky…life had never felt more colorful and I felt the incredible lightness of being!
Back on ground as we finally got our land legs back we went back to the hotel to have the most sumptuous breakfast ever! Local cheeses, fruits and every possible breakfast delight with some bubbly made the morning perfect! After that Aditya and I decided to do some exploring of our own so off we headed via ATV. Now anyone who knows me or knows my driving knows that an All Terrain vehicle is probably the safest thing for me to drive except when your driving over cliffs and driving down steep roads. I almost lost balance of the heavy vehicle more than once trying to keep up with our enthusiastic guide…. but luckily for me that despite a few near misses and one where the ATV had a wheel over the edge…I survived! This was the coolest way to explore Cappadocia and after dropping our guide back to the town aditya and I continued exploring the narrow lanes and numerous caves ourselves! Stopping every so often for an incredible photograph this is the ONLY way to see Cappadocia and is an absolute MUST DO!
In the afternoon we headed to the Goreme Open Air Museum and visited some ancient 10th, 11th and 12 th century churches. This was fascinating as you could still see the paint on the walls and scenes from the nativity, crucifixion and the Last Supper were painted in glorious detail. Then we marveled at some astonishing rock formations. My personal favourite was the camel because it looked so incredibly natural!
And After that we were off for a quick cup of rich turkish coffee and a fabulous photograph under the Evil Eye Tree!
Dinner was glorious as usual and before we knew it our 3 days in Cappadocia were over! Lighter, happier and calmer we were ready to take on the world. Sometimes all you need in life is a little Fairy dust from Fairy chimneys perhaps to make the whole world seem bright again!
Now that you know what i'm writing about and I am getting such amazing feedback – I'm going to now make this a weekly blog and update it with a new destination, new hotel, airline review on Wednesdays! So mid week get ready to travel…. even if it's only via a blog and only for a few minutes! after all any adventure starts first with a little dreaming!
Also please vote on what you'd like me to write about next!
Adventuring under the Santorinian sun!
So the Gemini part of my Gemini-Taurus cusp personality (yes that's a scary combination) decided one fine Sunday that we should up and go to Greece!
Now the husband is the more sane among us but has a terrible weakness for traveling and when this was suggested on a particularly lazy Sunday, he thought it was a fabulous idea! I did not expect him to agree but nonetheless YAY!
So off we were to Santorini ! Katakies was our hotel of choice in Santorini In the beautiful village of Oia pronounced as "Ia," this is in the northern part of Santorini and is known to have the most beautiful sunsets and we were looking forward to the romance the evening would bring! This is part of the Small Luxury Hotels and I was really looking forward to a quick, yet very much needed break!
Santorini is a short beautiful flight from Athens! With azure waters interspersed with lush green isles , it is a truly a vision to behold! Our hotel was the other side of the island and a good 30 minutes by car. The car ride was phenomenal with stunning views and picture-postcard scenes! And almost before we could take a breath we were at the hotel. the hotel like the majority of structures in Santorini was a fabulous cave like whitewashed structure reminiscent of hotels in Cappadocia!
On the side of a cliff , the hotel overlooked the Caldera, the cauldron like volcanic structure surrounded by the ocean!The rooms were tasteful, large and ours had the stunning view of the bluest, blue sea! It was perfect!-a quiet , serene getaway to nothingness!
The hotel had just a few rooms and fabulously personal service. Breakfast was in the room every day and with the cheeses and local fruits and produce, the food was light, delicious and supremely healthy! We could eat outside overlooking the glorious ocean and remain undisturbed in the privacy of our own space!
The hotel had 3 pools, each more glorious than the other but my personal favourite was the Cave Pool….something I had never seen before! But where swimming was concerned- when in Santorini head to the beaches! And that's what we did! I'm a free spirit but I have never been the kind of girl who drives around a foreign location with absolutely no idea what she's doing… but that's EXACTLY what we did here! We rented an ATV with an International Drivers Licence that i had brought and we were off! They do take any license in Roman English though so I could have got by with my Indian driver's license as well! And off we went….to well….EVERYWHERE! It was a day time of adventure. We stopped. We shopped. We got lost.And then we got found!
We found black sand beaches, white sand beaches, azure waters and great cafes! We stopped and swam everywhere! We took our postcard photographs and really explored the island. We visited the beautiful villages of Fira and Firostefani, walked on the black pebble (huge pebbles) beach of Kamari and I felt rejuvenated and alive! Sometimes you can find purpose in life by just losing your way and that's what we did…we got lost all day- but found our sanity, our happiness and our peace!
The sunsets at Oia are fabulous and walking on the cobbled paths , avoiding donkeys and stopping to see the fabulous Greek wares peddled on the sides of the paths- you rediscover happiness! Staring at the sun and sets in Santorini, there is a sense of inner peace that I have never felt before.
I was lost and found my way here …all the way in Santorini!
A blog on travel and not just any blog – a Luxury travel blog! Because what is travel if you can't enjoy the world in style! A blog dedicated to the best of the best! To amazing experiences, custom-tailor made travel must-do's and of course the must-stays in destinations across the world!
This will be your one stop read for LUXURY TRAVEL!
Travel! Travel well! And live it up!


Technology offers a new perspective on seeing. By seeing into the molecular, another universe emerges. Light travels…well, at the speed of light, and our brains process that information at like speeds. So, it's easy to miss what happens to light at the reflection point on its journey to our eyes? Whether it's an applied finish or an organic, natural protective coating, outer shell or skin. Or in the case of a tooth, the dentin layer. Questions arise about its translucency, opacity, reflective qualities, color and even molecular density.
The same questions can be asked of the surface underneath. This is where good light makes its debut. Therefore, another question arises, what happens to the light returning to our eyes if the light source is too dim or too bright or has an unbalanced light spectrum? Does it distort our perception of what we are seeing? Is this distortion acceptable or not? Will it enhance or limit work performance? What are the costs and time associated with a misread(s)?
When it comes to task lighting, starting with a light that is closer to a natural spectrum seems to make some good sense. When we did our light performance tests, the accurate spectrum light was surprisingly helpful in seeing through a complex layer more accurately.


Acoustic guitarist list, with photos, ranked best to worst by votes. List of good acoustic guitar bands includes a filter so you can sort by the groups's label and what albums they've put out. This list of the top acoustic guitar players in the world includes all musicians who have released recordings that have gotten distribution, and is an up-to-date list. Acoustic guitar groups and artists are shown below along with any additional genres in which their music belongs. If available, you can also see information about where all acoustic guitar players on this list got started. These are truly the greatest acoustic guitar bands of all time, since the most famous acoustic guitarist ever are listed, and the order is decided by actual fans of the best acoustic guitar music.
You can click on the acoustic guitar band names to see more information about that particular notable acoustic guitar group. If they're near the top of the best acoustic guitar artist list, though, then they should have at least some information available. All the top acoustic guitar bands named on the list also have discographies on their pages if you click on the acoustic guitar band names themselves.
The list you're viewing is made up of different artists like Julean and the Rai and Lenka Filipová. Have your voice heard by voting on the best artists on the list. The order is decided by votes. Make sure to vote for artists like Yoav or Trace Bundy if you like them.
All important, significant and iconic acoustic guitarists in music history deserve your votes, so make sure to choose wisely. You can only vote once on this list.
The list includes all new acoustic guitar bands, and if there are any missing on the list, you can always add them yourself. Just make sure they aren't already on the list and check your spelling, because this is already an accurate compilation of the best examples of acoustic guitar players, as well as a good place to start if you're asking yourself, or friends, exactly how to get into acoustic guitar music. Especially since the bands at the top of the list will at the very least be the best choices if you're looking for a list of good acoustic guitar bands with which to start out. No point in listening to them if they aren't actually good or even half-way decent acoustic guitar bands.
This list answers the questions "who are the best acoustic guitarist of all time?" and "who is the greatest acoustic guitar players ever?"
If you know enough about the genre, please vote based on the quality of the band's music instead of just voting for the most popular acoustic guitar bands that you might've heard of, but not really listened to closely enough to cast an informed vote.
Make sure to vote for your favorites then share then share the list.
Arpan Sen ( www.youtube.com/ArpanSen ) is one of the best percussive acoustic guitar players in India. He uses unconventional time signatures to compose instrumental songs. He has invented a technique, which he calls the "elbow technique", which he applies on his track Affairs. He has made his place by playing his own signature style. He uses many established micro techniques and in process of composing, he himself has discovered his unique way of playing the instrument.


Don't be too committed in your profession where you reach a point where it might boomerang, leaving you depressed, anxious and fretful, warn experts. When you are a fresher or new to the job at hand and when you try to place too much emotional weight on its successful accomplishment, you naturally tend to evaluate your self-worth solely based on the outcomes of these assignments.
This is what psychologists term as performance-contingent self-esteem (PCSE) and, it's an unhealthy factor in mainly in your early career that adversely affect your future.
PCSE can trigger depression and anxieties during even the most minor or common incidents, such as mis-communication, short spats over non-critical matters or a critique of one's personality or abilities.


Take I-84 East to Exit 63 - South Windsor. Take a left off the exit and stay in the right lane. Take a right onto Taylor Street. At the end of Taylor Street, take a right. Take your second left hand turn onto Meadow brook Drive. Turn right onto Bentley Drive. Steele Farm will be on your left and straight ahead.
Take I-84 West to Exit 63 - South Windsor. Take a right off the exit and stay in the right lane. Take a right onto Taylor Street. At the end of Taylor Street, take a right. Take your second left hand turn onto Meadow brook Drive. Turn right onto Bentley Drive. Steele Farm will be on your left and straight ahead.


text:
People v. Condley
People v. Heath
(3) The defendant must show that the act was done under such threats or menaces that he had (1) an actual…
People v. Waters
The very limited circumstances under which the defense is available were clearly spelled out in Lovercamp and…
Full title:THE PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. BOYD GERALD CONDLEY et al.…
Court:Court of Appeal of California, Fourth District, Division Two
Date published: May 23, 1977
69 Cal.App.3d 999 (Cal. Ct. App. 1977)
138 Cal. Rptr. 515
Court of Appeal of California, Fourth District, Division Two
Docket No. 7875.
Appeal from Superior Court of San Bernardino County, No. CRW-4419, Clifton L. Allen, Judge.
Lawrence M. Gassner and Geoffrey Rotwein, under appointments by the Court of Appeal, for Defendants and Appellants.
Evelle J. Younger, Attorney General, Jack R. Winkler, Chief Assistant Attorney General, Daniel J. Kremer, Assistant Attorney General, Alan S. Meth and Jay M. Bloom, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
MORRIS, J.
The defendants were convicted by a jury of escape from lawful custody. (Pen. Code, § 4532, subd. (b).) They appeal. Judgment affirmed.
Defendants, Boyd Gerald Condley and Allan Darrell Cummins, were indicted on charges of attempted escape from state prison (Pen. Code, § 4530, subd. (b)) and escape from lawful custody of the San Bernardino County Sheriff (Pen. Code, § 4532, subd. (b)).
Cummins was represented by counsel, and Condley represented himself. The defendants' motion to sever the attempted escape from the escape charge was granted.
On March 30, 1976, judgments were entered against both defendants on the charge of escape from lawful custody, and the attempted escape from state prison count was dismissed.
Both defendants were shackled during the entire trial. At the beginning of the trial on February 19, 1976, the trial court denied defendants' motions to be relieved of the shackles. On March 2, 1976, following the Supreme Court ruling in People v. Duran, 16 Cal.3d 282 [ 127 Cal.Rptr. 618, 545 P.2d 1322], defendants moved for mistrial on the grounds of prejudice resulting from their having appeared before the jury in shackles. The motion was denied.
Statement of Facts
On November 7, 1975, defendants were in the lawful custody of the San Bernardino County Sheriff's office, and were being transported from county jail to the West End Substation to await court appearances in Ontario.
At approximately 6:45 a.m. while the deputies were temporarily absent, defendants slipped out of their handcuffs and fled the bus through a rear window. Condley was recaptured almost immediately. Cummins was apprehended around 11 a.m. when sheriff's deputies responded to a report that Cummins had been seen.
Both defendants admitted escaping from the bus but relied on the limited defense of necessity as set forth in People v. Lovercamp, 43 Cal.App.3d 823 [ 118 Cal.Rptr. 110, 69 A.L.R.3d 668], asserting that they had been threatened by officers at the county jail on November 6, 1975. The defendants had made no previous report of the alleged threats.
The defendants' version of the circumstances surrounding their admission to county jail on November 6, 1975, was that they were searched; that several of Cummins' pencils were broken; that a photo of Cummins' girlfriend was destroyed and his letters scattered on the floor; that a deputy stated, "We don't coddle state prisoners here, we beat them"; that as many as eight officers grouped around defendants; that other threats were made which Cummins could not recall; that Condley heard someone say "Sooner or later we are going to get a chance at you and your friends"; that following their admission a sandwich was thrown to Cummins and he was told "to sit [his] ass down or [the officer] would beat [him] down."
The officers' testimony describes the incident as a routine search of prisoners and property prior to admitting them to county jail; that pencils are broken because the metal eraser ends are used by prisoners to pick locks; that the photo was contraband (i.e., a nude photo); that no threats were made; and that defendants were never surrounded by a large number of officers.
1. Physical Restraints
(1) In denying defendants' motion to be relieved of physical restraints, the trial judge stated: "I think in view of the facts in this case, there have been many escapes in the history of these defendants, that I have a certain duty to my court, my staff and I am going to stand by that duty." The record reveals that the trial judge made his decision to impose restraints under the following circumstances:
(1) Defendants were on trial for escape from lawful custody.
(2) Defendants at the time of the November 7, 1975, escape were in lawful custody for attempted escape from a state prison. Both defendants were indicted on this charge (Pen. Code, § 4530, subd. (b)).
(3) The amended indictment alleged Condley had prior felony convictions for escape by means of force or violence (Pen. Code, § 4530, subd. (a)); driving a motor vehicle without consent of the owner (Veh. Code, § 10851); second degree burglary (Pen. Code, § 459); and robbery (Pen. Code, § 211).
(4) The amended indictment alleged that Cummins had prior felony convictions in 1975, for second degree burglary (Pen. Code, § 459) and, in 1972, for first degree robbery (Pen. Code, § 211).
(5) Both the escape and the escape attempt were joint efforts of these defendants, and the defendants were being tried jointly.
In People v. Duran, supra, 16 Cal.3d 282, the Supreme Court held that a defendant cannot be subjected to physical restraints in the courtroom while in the jury's presence unless there is a showing of "manifest need of such restraints." It was further stated that "The showing of nonconforming behavior in support of the court's determination to impose physical restraints must appear as a matter of record and, except where the defendant engages in threatening or violent conduct in the presence of the jurors, must otherwise be made out of the jury's presence. The imposition of physical restraints in the absence of a record showing of violence or a threat of violence or other nonconforming conduct will be deemed to constitute an abuse of discretion." ( Id., at p. 290.)
A mere showing that each defendant had prior felony convictions involving the use of force or violence would be insufficient to establish the "manifest need" required to justify the use of restraints. ( People v. Duran, supra, 16 Cal.3d 282, 293.) However, when these violent propensities are viewed in the context of two very recent joint escape attempts for which both defendants were indicted, as well as Condley's 1964 conviction under Penal Code section 4530, subdivision (a) (escape by means of force or violence), we have reached the threshold of "manifest need" required by Duran.
The Supreme Court pointed out in Duran that a showing that the accused is a violent person is not the sole justification for imposing restraints stating: "An accused may be restrained, for instance, on a showing that he plans an escape from the courtroom or that he plans to disrupt proceedings by nonviolent means. Evidence of any nonconforming conduct or planned nonconforming conduct which disrupts or would disrupt the judicial process if unrestrained may warrant the imposition of reasonable restraints if, in the sound discretion of the court, such restraints are necessary." ( People v. Duran, supra, 16 Cal.3d 282, 292-293, fn. 11.)
The court in Duran cited as examples of "manifest need," cases wherein the defendants expressed an intention to escape ( People v. Kimball, 5 Cal.2d 608, 611 [ 55 P.2d 483]); where there is evidence of an escape attempt ( People v. Burnett, 251 Cal.App.2d 651, 655 [ 59 Cal.Rptr. 652]); or where a defendant attempts to escape from county jail while awaiting trial on other escape charges ( People v. Stabler, 202 Cal.App.2d 862, 863-864 [ 21 Cal.Rptr. 120]; and see People v. Duran, supra, 16 Cal.3d 282, 291.)
The test on appeal is whether the trial court abused its discretion ( People v. Duran, supra, 16 Cal.3d 282, 293). In Duran, the Supreme Court concluded that shackling based on the fact that defendant was charged with violent crimes, in the absence of a record showing other reasons for shackling the defendant, was an abuse of discretion. The Supreme Court cautioned that trial courts should not adopt a general policy of imposing restraints upon prison inmates charged with new offenses and that the determination to impose restraints should be made on a case-by-case basis.
In the instant matter the trial judge's imposition of restraints on defendants did not emanate from a general policy, but was based upon the circumstances of this case. Furthermore, the trial court in imposing restraints did so in such a manner as to be as unobtrusive as possible, thereby minimizing any prejudice. The defendants' legs were shackled in such a manner that the restraints were out of the view of the jury, and when the defendants took the stand or otherwise moved from place to place, the court recessed so that the shackles could not be observed by the jury.
Under the circumstances, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in requiring defendants to be shackled throughout their escape trial.
Defendants argue that while the substantive rule in Duran was merely a restatement of existing law (see People v. Harrington, 42 Cal. 165, 168 and also People v. Kimball, supra, 5 Cal.2d 608), the rule requiring a record was new. Therefore, defendants contend that after Duran was decided on February 26, 1976, the court should have declared a mistrial since the hearing was not in compliance with the Duran rule. The trial began on February 19, 1976, and continued until March 2, 1976. The original defense motion to relieve the defendants of the restraints and the court's ruling thereon was made on February 19, 1976. On March 2, 1976, after both the prosecution and the defense had rested, the defendants first made a motion to dismiss in light of the Duran decision.
(2) "Where a rule of decisional law is enunciated as an application of a previously existing principle, it must be applied in all open cases. ( People v. Heredia (1971) 20 Cal.App.3d 194, 199 [ 97 Cal.Rptr. 488].) Where a new rule of law is stated, however, the retroactivity of a decision must be established by the court faced with the application of that ruling. That part of Duran which holds that restraints may not be imposed in the absence of a manifest need for such restraints is an application of the rule established in People v. Harrington (1871) 42 Cal. 165. However, that portion of Duran which holds that there must be a record showing of the need for restraints enunciates a new rule of law." ( People v. Sanford, 63 Cal.App.3d 952, 956-957 [ 134 Cal.Rptr. 155].) (3) We conclude, therefore, that the requirement for a record is applicable only in cases wherein the trial court's ruling on the question of restraints was subsequent to February 27, 1976. In the instant case, the court's ruling was on February 19, 1976. (See In re Yurko, 10 Cal.3d 857, 866 [ 112 Cal.Rptr. 513, 519 P.2d 561]; People v. Edwards, 71 Cal.2d 1096, 1107 [ 80 Cal.Rptr. 633, 458 P.2d 713]; People v. Feggans, 67 Cal.2d 444, 448 [ 62 Cal.Rptr. 419, 432 P.2d 21].)
In any event, the record is sufficient to allow review of the trial court's exercise of discretion. (See People v. Duran, supra, 16 Cal.3d at p. 293.)
2. Lovercamp Defense
In People v. Lovercamp, supra, 43 Cal.App.3d 823, this court held that in extremely limited circumstances a defense of necessity is available to prisoners charged with escape. In articulating the elements of the limited defense of necessity, we stated that the following conditions must exist: "(1) The prisoner is faced with a specific threat of death, forcible sexual attack or substantial bodily injury in the immediate future; [¶] (2) There is no time for a complaint to the authorities or there exists a history of futile complaints which make any result from such complaints illusory; [¶] (3) There is no time or opportunity to resort to the courts; [¶] (4) There is no evidence of force or violence used toward prison personnel or other `innocent' persons in the escape; and [¶] (5) The prisoner immediately reports to the proper authorities when he has attained a position of safety from the immediate threat. [Fn. omitted.]" ( Id., at pp. 831-832.)
(4) The Lovercamp defense was the defendants' sole defense during the trial. The trial court instructed the jury that "The defendant has the burden of proving by the preponderance of the evidence that necessity forced him to escape. Preponderance of the evidence means such evidence as, when weighed with that opposed to it, has more convincing force and the greater probability of truth."
Defendants contend that the above instruction constitutes reversible error. They cite People v. Tewksbury, 15 Cal.3d 953 [ 127 Cal.Rptr. 135, 544 P.2d 1335], in support of their contention that they need only raise a reasonable doubt. In People v. Tewksbury, the Supreme Court stated: "The general rule is that `[e]xcept as otherwise provided by law, the burden of proof requires proof by a preponderance of the evidence' (Evid. Code, § 115). [¶] An important exception exists, however, in criminal cases as to the proof of all elements of the crime or crimes charged. Thus when there is placed upon an accused the burden of interjecting a factual contention which, if established would tend to overcome or negate proof of any element of the crime . . . the accused need only raise a reasonable doubt. . . ." The court goes on to point out that: "There are, however, other instances of defenses asserted by an accused which raise factual issues collateral to the question of the accused's guilt or innocence and do not bear directly on any link in the chain of proof of any element of the crime. Among such defenses are those which raise no challenge to the sufficiency of the prosecution's proof of any element of the crime charged but for reasons of public policy insulate the accused notwithstanding the question of his guilt." ( People v. Tewksbury, supra, 15 Cal.3d 953, 963-964; italics added.)
Therefore, the crucial issue in this appeal is whether the Lovercamp defense goes to the elements of the crime of escape (Pen. Code, § 4532, subd. (b)) or whether the defense involves proof of collateral facts which do not bear directly on the chain of proof of the elements of the crime but, because of public policy, proof of the defense insulates the defendants from punishment notwithstanding their guilt.
In People v. Tewksbury, supra, 15 Cal.3d 953, the defendant, convicted of first degree murder (Pen. Code, § 187) and two counts of robbery in the first degree (Pen. Code, § 211), contended that his convictions were unlawful in that they were supported only by the uncorroborated testimony of two witnesses who were accomplices as a matter of law, and alternatively that the jury was improperly instructed that he had the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that one of such witnesses was an accomplice. The Supreme Court noted that initially defendant was confronted with the express provision of the Evidence Code which states, in pertinent part, that a "party claiming that a person is guilty of crime or wrongdoing has the burden of proof on that issue." (Evid. Code, § 520, People v. Tewksbury, supra, 15 Cal.3d at pp. 962-963; and see Evid. Code, § 500.) The court noting that the defendant had the burden of producing evidence to raise the accomplice issue (Evid. Code, § 550) and that in the absence of such proof the witness is treated as not being an accomplice, concluded that defendant must prove the collateral fact that the witness was an accomplice by a preponderance of the evidence.
The conclusion was supported by analogy to other instances where the defense challenges the "reliability" of particular incriminating evidence ( People v. Tewksbury, supra, 15 Cal.3d 953, 964-965) and to the defense of entrapment when the question of whether an accused was entrapped must be proved by a preponderance of the evidence.
The California courts have established the defense of entrapment not because it directly relates to an element of the crime (i.e., intent) but rather ". . . out of regard for its own dignity, and in the exercise of its power and the performance of its duty to formulate and apply proper standards for judicial enforcement of the criminal law, the court refuses to enable officers of the law to consummate illegal or unjust schemes designed to foster rather than prevent and detect crime." ( People v. Benford, 53 Cal.2d 1, 9 [ 345 P.2d 928]; and see People v. Moran, 1 Cal.3d 755, 760-761 [ 83 Cal.Rptr. 411, 463 P.2d 763]; People v. Valverde, 246 Cal.App.2d 318 [ 54 Cal.Rptr. 528].)
In Lovercamp we clearly explicated a public policy defense stating: "In a humane society some attention must be given to the individual dilemma. In doing so the court must use extreme caution lest the overriding interest of the public be overlooked. The question that must be resolved involves looking to all the choices available to the defendant and then determining whether the act of escape was the only viable and reasonable choice available. By doing so, both the public's interest and the individual's interest may adequately be protected. In our ultimate conclusion it will be seen that we have adopted a position which gives reasonable consideration to both interests. While we conclude that under certain circumstances a defense of necessity may be proven by the defendant, at the same time we place rigid limitations on the viability of the defense in order to insure that the rights and interests of society will not be impinged upon." ( People v. Lovercamp, supra, 43 Cal.App.3d 823, 827; italics added.)
Under the limited circumstances described in Lovercamp, when the defendant's decision to escape is objectively the "only viable and reasonable choice available" we excuse the offense as being justified under the circumstances. It would be ludicrous to apply a subjective standard to determine whether the defendant's escape is justified as being the only viable and reasonable choice. These terms themselves connote an objective standard. As noted in Lovercamp, "It is hardly earth shattering to observe that prisons are not Brownie Camps and that within the inmate population are those who, if given the opportunity, will depart without due process of law." ( Id., at p. 826.) Were we to adopt a subjective standard to establish the elements of the Lovercamp defense, it would take little imagination on the part of any inmate to claim that the prison milieu itself creates, subjectively, the requisite elements of the Lovercamp defense.
Defendants would have us equate the limited defense of necessity with duress. In People v. Graham, 57 Cal.App.3d 238 [ 129 Cal.Rptr. 31], the defendant asserted the defense of duress. The trial court instructed the jury that defendant had "the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that the crime was committed under duress." ( Id., at p. 240.) Through analogy with the defenses of unlawful arrest ( People v. Agnew, 16 Cal.2d 655, 665-667 [ 107 P.2d 601]), alibi ( People v. Costello, 21 Cal.2d 760, 765-766 [ 135 P.2d 164]), unconsciousness ( People v. Hardy, 33 Cal.2d 52, 63-66 [ 198 P.2d 865]), and intent to marry in a case of taking a female for purposes of prostitution ( People v. Marshall, 59 Cal. 386, 388-389), the Court of Appeal held that, as in the above defenses, the proof of the defense negates an element of the crime charged and therefore the defendant need only raise a reasonable doubt as to the existence or nonexistence of this fact. ( People v. Graham, supra, at p. 240.)
The Lovercamp limited defense of necessity is clearly distinguishable from duress. Penal Code section 26, at the time of trial, stated in pertinent part that: "All persons are capable of committing crimes except those belonging to the following classes: . . . Eight — Persons (unless the crime be punishable with death) who committed the act or made the omission charged under threats or menaces sufficient to show that they had reasonable cause to and did believe their lives would be endangered if they refused." (Italics added.) (This subsection has not been changed but is found in Pen. Code, § 26, subd. Seven.)
In applying the foregoing section the courts have noted that "`The common characteristic of all the decisions upholding the excuse [of duress] lies in the immediacy and imminency of the threatened action: each represents the situation of a present and active aggressor threatening immediate danger; none depict a phantasmagoria of future harm.'" ( People v. Lo Cicero, 71 Cal.2d 1186, 1191 [ 80 Cal.Rptr. 913, 459 P.2d 241], citing People v. Otis, 174 Cal.App.2d 119, 125 [ 344 P.2d 342].) "`In order for duress or fear produced by threats or menace to be a valid, legal excuse for doing anything, which otherwise would be criminal, the act must have been done under such threats or menaces as show that the life of the person threatened or menaced was in danger, or that there was reasonable cause to believe and actual belief that there was such danger.'" ( People v. Sanders, 82 Cal.App. 778, 785 [256 P.2d 251]; and see CALJIC No. 4.40.) To establish duress a defendant would have to show that he had (1) an actual belief his life was threatened and (2) a reasonable cause for such belief. Because of the immediacy requirement, a person committing a crime under duress has only the choice of imminent death or executing the requested crime. The person being threatened has no time to formulate what is a reasonable and viable course of conduct nor to formulate criminal intent. The unlawful acts of the person under duress are attributed to the coercing party who supplies the requisite mens rea and is liable for the crime. (See Pen. Code, § 31.)
As we have seen the limited defense of necessity as explicated in Lovercamp requires five conditions. The defense is only available when all five conditions are met. ( People v. Wheeler, 68 Cal.App.3d 1056, 1058 [ 137 Cal.Rptr. 791].) When a defendant has established these five conditions, what he has done is to establish the existence of necessity. None of these conditions are in derogation of the element of general intent required to convict defendants of escape from lawful custody. (See People v. Hayes, 16 Cal.App.3d 662, 666-667 [ 94 Cal.Rptr. 222]; People v. Richards, 269 Cal.App.2d 768 [ 75 Cal.Rptr. 597].) While absolute necessity caused by forces of nature (e.g., storms, fire, earthquake, etc.) may both justify the escape and prevent defendant's formulation of the general intent required to be convicted of escape, necessity under Lovercamp generally does not have such an effect. The necessity in Lovercamp is not like the classical paradigm of absolute necessity where the prisoner escapes to save his life from the immediate danger of a prison fire. (See People v. Lovercamp, supra, 43 Cal.App.3d 823, 826, citing 1 Hale P.C. 611 (1736), and Gardner, The Defense of Necessity and the Right to Escape from Prison — A Step Towards Incarceration Free from Sexual Assault, 49 So.Cal.L.Rev. 110, hereafter cited as Gardner.) Absolute and imminent necessity are rare, and even rarer is prosecution under such circumstances. (See Gardner, supra, at p. 115, fn. 19.)
Unlike duress, under Lovercamp the threat is in the "immediate future." (Compare People v. Otis, supra, 174 Cal.App.2d 119, 125.) Furthermore, specific threats of substantial bodily injury, forcible sexual attack, as well as a threat against one's life may be utilized as a basis for the defense. Duress requires an imminent threat to one's life. (Pen. Code, § 26, subd. Seven; People v. Otis, supra; People v. Richards, supra, 269 Cal.App.2d 768; and see CALJIC No. 4.40.) Under Lovercamp a defendant does formulate the general intent to escape although under some pressure. (See Gardner, supra, at p. 120.) The conditions of Lovercamp that require the escapee to complain to the authorities or courts, when possible; to escape without the use of force or violence, and to immediately turn himself in once attaining a position of safety from the immediate threat, are merely prerequisites to the establishment of necessity. This necessity being an objective public policy decision that, of the alternatives which faced the escapee at the time of the escape, the escapee's selection of the escape alternative was the lesser of the evils.
We conclude that by definition, the Lovercamp defense is founded upon public policy and provides a justification distinct from the elements required to prove escape. Therefore, the trial court correctly instructed the jury that the defendants had the burden of proving the defense by a preponderance of the evidence.
3. Cummins' Extrajudicial Statement
On November 7, 1975, after being advised of his Miranda rights, Cummins made an understanding waiver of his rights and consented to interrogation at the sheriff's office. In the course of the conversation Cummins admitted that he had been placed on the sheriff's bus on the morning of November 7, 1975; that he knew he was in the custody of the sheriff; that he intended to escape; that after a stop in Fontana, he slipped out of the cuffs by the use of his thumbnail; that upon arriving at Ontario he pushed out the back window of the bus and ran; that he fled toward the freeway and jumped a fence; that no police officers, in county jail or elsewhere, had threatened him; that he was not in immediate fear for his life, but feared future harm if he should be sent to some place like Soledad or San Quentin; that his fear was not a result of a specific threat to his life but was based on a rumor that he had a "rat jacket"; that nobody on the sheriff's bus had threatened him; that he had not expressed his fear to any officers either before or after boarding the bus; that at no time did he attempt to notify officers of his fear; that he was aware he had escaped; and that he had not attempted to turn himself in after he escaped.
On November 21, 1975, in the course of investigating a fight between other prisoners, an officer at county jail asked Cummins "how our facility compared with state prison." The officer testified that the one question asked was for the purpose of security; that he made no recording or record of the conversation at the time; and that he later wrote an intraoffice memo relating to these security problems. The memo was not sent to the prosecutor. However, the prosecution became aware of the conversation after defendant's counsel said he was going to call the officer as a witness.
In response to the officer's question, Cummins entered into a lengthy monologue describing the defects in the county jail facility, the sheriff's bus, the unloading procedures at the West End Substation and possible escape routes. He also volunteered that he continually takes off handcuffs and leg irons while on the bus, picking them with the use of a metal eraser end of a pencil, a comb, toothpick, or any small object of that kind, and that while he "would not use any form of violence toward an officer to escape . . . if somebody else [did] he would then take that opportunity to escape." And he went on to say that he is constantly "looking for a way out."
(5) The defense contends that the trial court erred in admitting this statement, since no new Miranda warning was given. For the reasons hereinafter set forth it is unnecessary for us to consider whether this statement was the result of improper interrogation or simply volunteered as respondent contends. The defendant's November 7 confession admitted all of the elements of the offense (Pen. Code, § 4532, subd. (b)) and negated the existence of the elements of a Lovercamp defense; the November 21 statement added nothing to the original confession; it made no reference to the escape of November 7; it only referred conjecturally to what the defendant would do if an opportunity to escape arose and did not in any way refer to anything which would have bearing on the only defense offered at trial.
In describing his escape, the defendant testified at trial that after relieving himself of the handcuffs and chains he became confused; that he did not tell the officers the truth at the November 7 interrogation; that he had been threatened in county jail prior to his escape; and that he lied because he did not trust the interrogating officer.
However, he also testified that he was not in fact "under any direct fear [for his life while] on the bus"; that there was no "immediate or direct threat" while on the bus; that he did not think the officers who escorted him to the sheriff's bus on the morning of November 7 were the same as the ones that allegedly threatened him the day before; that the threats which were made did not place him under an immediate specific threat of death; that he told no one that he was under an immediate specific threat of great bodily harm; that while in court on November 7 and several occasions shortly thereafter, he never mentioned to the court that he was under any immediate specific threat of great bodily harm; that he did not know where he was being transported on the bus, but since the other prisoners were being transported to court, he assumed he was going to court; and that he had become aware of the Lovercamp defense through his attorney.
In light of Cummins' prior confession and the extremely weak, if not nonexistent, Lovercamp defense, we conclude that the November 21, 1975, statement was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. ( Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 [17 L.Ed.2d 705, 87 S.Ct. 824, 24 A.L.R.3d 1065].)
Condley asserts that Cummins' statement of November 7 was involuntary; that Cummins' November 21 statement was obtained in violation of Miranda and that the trial court should have granted Condley a mistrial due to the admission of his codefendant's statements at the trial.
(6a) Although Cummins did not raise the issue of the voluntariness of the first statement on appeal, Condley nonetheless has standing to do so. ( People v. Varnum, 66 Cal.2d 808, 812-813 [ 59 Cal.Rptr. 108, 427 P.2d 772].)
The trial court weighed the conflicting evidence, heard the tape recording of the statement, observed the demeanor of the witnesses, and concluded that the statement was voluntary. (7) "A well settled principle of appellate review dictates that all intendments be indulged to support the trial court findings and that the reviewing court consider the evidence in a light most favorable to the respondent." ( People v. Culver, 10 Cal.3d 542, 547 [ 111 Cal.Rptr. 183, 516 P.2d 887].) Our independent review of the record confirms the trial court's determination that the first Cummins' statement was voluntary.
(6b) As to Cummins' second statement, Condley has no standing to challenge the violation of Cummins' Miranda rights. ( People v. Varnum, supra, 66 Cal.2d at pp. 812-813.) Furthermore, Condley was never mentioned and the jury was instructed that evidence admitted against one defendant, but not admitted against the other, must not be considered against the other defendant.
(8) Finally, Condley asserts that despite the fact he voluntarily chose to represent himself, and failed to object to Cummins' extrajudicial statements on Aranda grounds, that the court should have, on its own motion, granted a mistrial. ( People v. Aranda, 63 Cal.2d 518 [ 47 Cal.Rptr. 353 Page 1016, 407 P.2d 265].) This argument is a back door attempt to assert ineffectiveness of counsel. In establishing the right of a defendant to act as his own counsel, the United States Supreme Court stated: "[W]hatever else may or may not be open to him on appeal, a defendant who elects to represent himself cannot thereafter complain that the quality of his own defense amounted to a denial of `effective assistance of counsel.'" ( Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 835, fn. 46 [45 L.Ed.2d 562, 581, fn. 46, 95 S.Ct. 2525, 2541, fn. 46]; and see People v. Harris, 65 Cal.App.3d 978 [ 135 Cal.Rptr. 668].) Condley had an opportunity but failed to object to either of Cummins' statements and failed to request the deletion of portions which may have implicated him. He cannot now complain of the resulting prejudice. ( People v. Epps, 34 Cal.App.3d 146, 159 [ 109 Cal.Rptr. 733].) In any event, Cummins' statements do not incriminate Condley.
4. Use of Priors for Impeachment
Both defendants testified at the trial. The trial court permitted the prosecutor to impeach Condley with his 1964 robbery and 1975 burglary convictions, excluding introduction of convictions in 1963 for auto theft and in 1964 for escape. The trial court permitted a 1972 robbery conviction and a 1975 burglary conviction to be used to impeach Cummins.
A Beagle objection was made to the use of these priors for the purposes of impeachment. ( People v. Beagle, 6 Cal.3d 441 [ 99 Cal.Rptr. 313, 492 P.2d 1]; and see Evid. Code, §§ 352, 788.)
(9) Defendants argue that "Robbery is clearly an assaultive crime not involving honesty or integrity. . . ." (See People v. Beagle, supra, at p. 453.) This contention is without merit. By definition robbery is "the felonious taking of personal property in the possession of another, . . ." (Pen. Code, § 211.) Defendants also contend that these robbery convictions were too remote. The circumstances of this case, including the fact that neither defendant had lead a legally blameless life since the robbery convictions, compel the conclusion that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in allowing the use of the prior robbery convictions for impeachment. ( People v. Beagle, supra, at p. 453.)
(10) As to the recent burglary convictions, the defendants assert that the fact that they were codefendants in burglary was prejudicial, in light of their being codefendants on the present escape charge. Neither defendants' citations to the record, nor our independent review, indicate that this fact was presented to the jury. There was no abuse of discretion in allowing the prior burglary convictions to be used for the purpose of impeachment. ( People v. Beagle, supra, 6 Cal.3d at pp. 452-453; and see People v. Stewart, 34 Cal.App.3d 244, 247-248 [ 109 Cal.Rptr. 826].)
5. Discovery Motion
(11a) After the People had rested, defendants attempted to subpoena the personnel and unit files on the two sheriff's officers involved in the alleged threats to defendants while being admitted to county jail. The prosecutor made a motion to quash the subpoena duces tecum on the grounds that the discovery motion was untimely; that the material was not relevant to the issues in the case; and that defendants had not made the requisite initial showing to be entitled to discover the materials sought. The trial court granted the motion to quash. Defendants claim this was prejudicial error.
(12) Generally, in criminal discovery matters, the trial court has discretion in deciding whether or not the material sought may be discovered. ( Hill v. Superior Court, 10 Cal.3d 812, 817 [ 112 Cal.Rptr. 257, 518 P.2d 1353].)
Initially, defendant must make "a showing of good cause or plausible justification" for inspection of the material sought. To entitle a defendant to pretrial discovery of any nonprivileged information, he must show that he cannot readily obtain the information from any other source and that the information will assist him in preparing his defense or that it might lead to the discovery of evidence. ( Hill v. Superior Court, supra, 10 Cal.3d 812, 817.)
However, discussing the discretion vested in the trial court, the Supreme Court in Hill stated: "In determining whether to grant a motion for discovery the trial court may consider, inter alia, the timeliness of the motion." ( Id., at p. 821.)
(11b) The record indicates that the discovery in question was initiated after the prosecution rested (after more than a week of trial); that the two officers whose personnel and unit files were sought were not on the People's witness list, but were known to the defendants and on their witness list from the inception of the trial; and that the defendants failed to show how the requested material, at that time, would be relevant (i.e., either as admissible evidence or as information which would assist defendants in preparing their defense). On this record the trial court did not abuse its discretion in granting the prosecution's motion to quash the subpoena.
(13) Finally, defendants contend that the trial court erred in instructing the jury on justifiable homicide. There was evidence that after the escape an officer had his gun out and that Cummins heard someone say "Stop or I'll shoot." In this context and in light of defendants' assertions of official threats or harassment, the jury may well have questioned whether the officers pursuing escaping felons could use a deadly weapon. (See CALJIC No. 5.26.) While the instruction lacked constructional precision as to the facts of this case, there being no homicide, it was not prejudicial.
Gardner, P.J., and McDaniel, J., concurred.
Appellant's petition for a hearing by the Supreme Court was denied July 21, 1977.


The need to determine what to do next can be quite a burden. Here to aid is IluvIt, a site that analyzes its users in order to provide shockingly insightful tips on many methods from food to music.
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"Are there forts and places In Himachal Pradesh ?" One may wonder because the Himalayas itself is like a huge fort protecting our country. But Himachal Pradesh has had history there are kings and queens and forts and palaces. The histories of the royal or princely families are fascinating as they exude the exotic ambiance of times gone by.
Forts and palaces are the living monuments of that ambiance; they are the amphitheatres where the high dramas of war and peace, intrigues and connivances, loyalties and disloyalties were enacted; they have also been the breeding grounds for culture, religion, art, architecture and literature. Stories, myths and legends have come to be associated with them giving them an added appeal.
Amid the desolation of the forts and the vanishing grandeur of the palaces, there still lurks a "Presence", and the murmur of the past comes back to us like an echo, when we venture to explore further. The forts and palaces of Himachal Pradesh provide ample ground for an exploration and expedition into the past. These forts and palaces are singularly different from their prototypes in other parts of India because of the topography of the region, and that accounts for their charm. So here is a slice of history!


An allergy is a condition of unusual sensitivity to one or more substances which may be harmless to the majority of other individuals. The allergic substance, known as an allergen, is viewed by the brain as a threat to the body's well-being. Therefore, for our purposes, an allergy is defined in terms of what a substance does to the energy flow in the body. When contact is made with an allergen, it disrupts the normal flow of energy through the body's electrical circuits which are called meridians. Interference in communication between the brain and body, via the nervous system, occurs when the energy flow in a meridian becomes blocked. This blocked energy flow is the first step in a chain of events which can develop into an allergic response.
Our brains have a natural, built-in, subconscious function controlling the immune system which has the potential of keeping us allergy free. What Dr. Devi S. Nambudripad has developed is a technique that consciously focuses the brain on a single allergen while clearing the blocked energy formerly associated with that allergen. This technique can successfully desensitize the body in order to achieve an allergy free state. Dr. Nambudripad's research has shown that when major allergies are eliminated and the immune system is strengthened, the body resumes normal healing and homeostasis.
Nambudripad's Allergy Elimination Technique, also known as N.A.E.T., is a safe, effective, natural approach to detecting and eliminating all types of allergies. N.A.E.T. combines techniques from Kinesiology (muscle strength testing), Chiropractic, and Oriental Medicine, to clear allergic reactions through a "reprogramming" of the brain. The actual technique used involves light acupressure applied along both sides of the spinal column in an area where the energy flow of a meridian intersects with the nerve roots.
A N.A.E.T. Specialist uses applied kinesiology techniques to perform a simple muscle response test confirming a suspected allergen. In the case of animals, infants, very young children, the elderly and infirm, a surrogate test subject is used. The principle is the same, however, in determining if the body in question has developed allergic responses to the environment around it.
The brain recognizes whatever substance comes close to the body, especially what comes in direct contact with it. When an allergen is discovered it is because the brain has perceived that substance to be a threat to the body. Consequently, the energy flow in a meridian is disrupted, and the resulting interference in communication between the brain and the body, evokes a weakness in the tester muscle. In this way it is possible to communicate with the brain of the patient by triggering a mild response to the allergen when the substance is placed in contact with the body. Lastly, reflexology may be used to pinpoint the blocked areas within a meridian while the allergen is in contact with the patient.
Any substance brought into the bio-electromagnetic field of the patient, can elicit a response via the central nervous system. Actually, any mineral, vegetable, animal substance, chemical compound, or physical agent in contact with the body, even a homeopathic remedy, can trigger this response. So in fact, anything in the environment can be easily tested without the use of invasive measures.
A comprehensive N.A.E.T. program is tailored to the needs of the individual patient, and varies according to the overall severity of the allergic condition, the number of allergens involved, and the strength of the patient's response to treatment. Obviously, this is a highly variable situation. For the patient who has only recently become allergic and whose immune system responds quickly, the number of sessions will be far less than the patient who has had severe allergic reactions for many years.
After an initial time of gathering information on the patient's medical history, and sometimes their dental history, a survey testing is done through applied kinesiology. Muscle response testing is a standard kinesiological procedure using the musculo-skeletal system controlled by cerebral cortex centers. This simple, practical test confirms the presence and severity of allergic reactions quickly and easily. The indications of an allergic response, the levels involved, and the severity of the reaction, are then recorded for each item tested.
Once allergens are identified and prioritized, acupressure is administered according to Dr. Devi Nambudripad's protocol, which re-programs the body's response to future contacts and relieves the allergic symptoms. The technique itself is non-invasive and involves stimulating the nerve roots along the spine at acupuncture points. This, in turn, over-energizes the meridians, creating a state of free-energy flow.
What happens after the N.A.E.T.?
Since bio-electromagnetic energy flow is governed by the body's biological time clock, the patient AVOIDS ALL CONTACT with the treated allergen for a 25 hour period immediately following the N.A.E.T. This allows the newly reprogrammed energy to be exposed to the 12 major meridians as the body cycles through its time clock. At the end of 25 hours the patient is rechecked to verify that all allergic responses to the allergen are eliminated, or whether some complexity needs to be reevaluated. In some situations further clearings may be needed to completely eliminate an allergy. When the clearing process is completed, it appears that the allergy is eliminated from the body's cellular memory.
THE ALLERGY IS REALLY GONE!


text:
Alcohol abuse in deceased liver donors: Impact on post-transplant outcomes
Richard S. Mangus, Chandrashekhar A. Kubal, Jonathan A. Fridell, Jose M. Pena, Evan M. Frost, A. Joseph Tector
Background: Many deceased liver donors with a history of alcohol abuse are excluded based upon medical history alone. This paper summarizes the transplant outcomes for a large number of deceased liver donors with a documented history of alcohol abuse. Methods: The records for 1478 consecutive deceased liver donors were reviewed (2001-2012). As per the United Network for Organ Sharing criteria, heavy alcohol use by an organ donor is defined as chronic intake of two or more drinks per day. Donors with a documented history of alcohol abuse were divided into three groups according to duration of abuse (<10 years, 10-24 years and 25 + years). Reperfusion biopsies are reported. Outcomes include biopsy appearance, early graft function and early and late graft survival. Results: There were 161 donors with alcohol abuse: <10 years (29%); 10-24 years (42%); and ≥25 years (29%). Risk of 90-day graft loss for these three groups was: 0%, 3% and 2%, compared to 3% for all other donors (P = 0.62). Graft survival at 1 year for donor grafts with and without alcohol abuse was 89% and 87% (P = 0.52). There was no difference in early graft function. Cox proportional hazards modelling for graft survival demonstrates no statistically significant difference in survival up to 10 years post-transplant. Conclusions: This study demonstrates successful transplantation of a large number of deceased donor liver grafts from donors with a documented history of alcohol abuse (n = 161; 11% of all grafts). These extended criteria donor allografts may, therefore, be utilized successfully with similar outcomes.
Liver International
https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.12484
Extended criteria donors
Orthotopic liver transplant
10.1111/liv.12484
Dive into the research topics of 'Alcohol abuse in deceased liver donors: Impact on post-transplant outcomes'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Alcoholism Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Tissue Donors Medicine & Life Sciences 86%
Transplants Medicine & Life Sciences 68%
Graft Survival Medicine & Life Sciences 31%
Allografts Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Reperfusion Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Mangus, R. S., Kubal, C. A., Fridell, J. A., Pena, J. M., Frost, E. M., & Joseph Tector, A. (2015). Alcohol abuse in deceased liver donors: Impact on post-transplant outcomes. Liver International, 35(1), 171-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.12484
Alcohol abuse in deceased liver donors : Impact on post-transplant outcomes. / Mangus, Richard S.; Kubal, Chandrashekhar A.; Fridell, Jonathan A.; Pena, Jose M.; Frost, Evan M.; Joseph Tector, A.
In: Liver International, Vol. 35, No. 1, 01.01.2015, p. 171-175.
Mangus, RS, Kubal, CA, Fridell, JA, Pena, JM, Frost, EM & Joseph Tector, A 2015, 'Alcohol abuse in deceased liver donors: Impact on post-transplant outcomes', Liver International, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 171-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.12484
Mangus RS, Kubal CA, Fridell JA, Pena JM, Frost EM, Joseph Tector A. Alcohol abuse in deceased liver donors: Impact on post-transplant outcomes. Liver International. 2015 Jan 1;35(1):171-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.12484
Mangus, Richard S. ; Kubal, Chandrashekhar A. ; Fridell, Jonathan A. ; Pena, Jose M. ; Frost, Evan M. ; Joseph Tector, A. / Alcohol abuse in deceased liver donors : Impact on post-transplant outcomes. In: Liver International. 2015 ; Vol. 35, No. 1. pp. 171-175.
@article{8d9f49bc4cea492bb86c039f6a9effc6,
title = "Alcohol abuse in deceased liver donors: Impact on post-transplant outcomes",
abstract = "Background: Many deceased liver donors with a history of alcohol abuse are excluded based upon medical history alone. This paper summarizes the transplant outcomes for a large number of deceased liver donors with a documented history of alcohol abuse. Methods: The records for 1478 consecutive deceased liver donors were reviewed (2001-2012). As per the United Network for Organ Sharing criteria, heavy alcohol use by an organ donor is defined as chronic intake of two or more drinks per day. Donors with a documented history of alcohol abuse were divided into three groups according to duration of abuse (<10 years, 10-24 years and 25 + years). Reperfusion biopsies are reported. Outcomes include biopsy appearance, early graft function and early and late graft survival. Results: There were 161 donors with alcohol abuse: <10 years (29%); 10-24 years (42%); and ≥25 years (29%). Risk of 90-day graft loss for these three groups was: 0%, 3% and 2%, compared to 3% for all other donors (P = 0.62). Graft survival at 1 year for donor grafts with and without alcohol abuse was 89% and 87% (P = 0.52). There was no difference in early graft function. Cox proportional hazards modelling for graft survival demonstrates no statistically significant difference in survival up to 10 years post-transplant. Conclusions: This study demonstrates successful transplantation of a large number of deceased donor liver grafts from donors with a documented history of alcohol abuse (n = 161; 11% of all grafts). These extended criteria donor allografts may, therefore, be utilized successfully with similar outcomes.",
keywords = "Alcohol abuse, Extended criteria donors, Orthotopic liver transplant, Outcomes",
author = "Mangus, {Richard S.} and Kubal, {Chandrashekhar A.} and Fridell, {Jonathan A.} and Pena, {Jose M.} and Frost, {Evan M.} and {Joseph Tector}, A.",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S.",
doi = "10.1111/liv.12484",
journal = "Liver International",
T1 - Alcohol abuse in deceased liver donors
T2 - Impact on post-transplant outcomes
AU - Mangus, Richard S.
AU - Kubal, Chandrashekhar A.
AU - Fridell, Jonathan A.
AU - Pena, Jose M.
AU - Frost, Evan M.
AU - Joseph Tector, A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
N2 - Background: Many deceased liver donors with a history of alcohol abuse are excluded based upon medical history alone. This paper summarizes the transplant outcomes for a large number of deceased liver donors with a documented history of alcohol abuse. Methods: The records for 1478 consecutive deceased liver donors were reviewed (2001-2012). As per the United Network for Organ Sharing criteria, heavy alcohol use by an organ donor is defined as chronic intake of two or more drinks per day. Donors with a documented history of alcohol abuse were divided into three groups according to duration of abuse (<10 years, 10-24 years and 25 + years). Reperfusion biopsies are reported. Outcomes include biopsy appearance, early graft function and early and late graft survival. Results: There were 161 donors with alcohol abuse: <10 years (29%); 10-24 years (42%); and ≥25 years (29%). Risk of 90-day graft loss for these three groups was: 0%, 3% and 2%, compared to 3% for all other donors (P = 0.62). Graft survival at 1 year for donor grafts with and without alcohol abuse was 89% and 87% (P = 0.52). There was no difference in early graft function. Cox proportional hazards modelling for graft survival demonstrates no statistically significant difference in survival up to 10 years post-transplant. Conclusions: This study demonstrates successful transplantation of a large number of deceased donor liver grafts from donors with a documented history of alcohol abuse (n = 161; 11% of all grafts). These extended criteria donor allografts may, therefore, be utilized successfully with similar outcomes.
AB - Background: Many deceased liver donors with a history of alcohol abuse are excluded based upon medical history alone. This paper summarizes the transplant outcomes for a large number of deceased liver donors with a documented history of alcohol abuse. Methods: The records for 1478 consecutive deceased liver donors were reviewed (2001-2012). As per the United Network for Organ Sharing criteria, heavy alcohol use by an organ donor is defined as chronic intake of two or more drinks per day. Donors with a documented history of alcohol abuse were divided into three groups according to duration of abuse (<10 years, 10-24 years and 25 + years). Reperfusion biopsies are reported. Outcomes include biopsy appearance, early graft function and early and late graft survival. Results: There were 161 donors with alcohol abuse: <10 years (29%); 10-24 years (42%); and ≥25 years (29%). Risk of 90-day graft loss for these three groups was: 0%, 3% and 2%, compared to 3% for all other donors (P = 0.62). Graft survival at 1 year for donor grafts with and without alcohol abuse was 89% and 87% (P = 0.52). There was no difference in early graft function. Cox proportional hazards modelling for graft survival demonstrates no statistically significant difference in survival up to 10 years post-transplant. Conclusions: This study demonstrates successful transplantation of a large number of deceased donor liver grafts from donors with a documented history of alcohol abuse (n = 161; 11% of all grafts). These extended criteria donor allografts may, therefore, be utilized successfully with similar outcomes.
KW - Alcohol abuse
KW - Extended criteria donors
KW - Orthotopic liver transplant
KW - Outcomes
U2 - 10.1111/liv.12484
DO - 10.1111/liv.12484
JO - Liver International
JF - Liver International


text:
or the film's cast, including stand-out star Kevin Hart, will return, though it's hard to imagine a follow-up to the romantic comedy without the strength of its original cast.
No word either on what direction the sequel will take from a story perspective, though the Act Like a Lady part of Steve Harvey's best-selling book was left largely untouched in the original adaptation.
Think Like a Man was a surprising hit for Screen Gems, grossing $91 million and barely squeaking by the studio's previous highest-grossing film, Tyler Perry's Madea Goes to Jail.
(Photo: Courtesy Screen Gems)


The European Society of Neuroradiology - Diagnostic and Interventional (ESNR) is a professional society representing diagnostic and interventional neuroradiologists in Europe. The Society organises an Annual Scientific meeting and several Courses in Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology.
This app provides all the information you need concerning meetings, courses, news, contacts and more.
There is also a private memberportal, so you can modify your personal data, and even chat with other members.
- Bugfix: correction visualisation running event on homepage + calendarmenu.