text:
Q: Path of least resistance vs. short circuit Some sources on the web claim that "electricity follows the path of least resistance" is not true, e.g. this physics SE question. However, in every explanation of "short circuits", the author says that current flows through the short because it's following the path of least resistance. How do I reconcile these two facts?

A: It's more like "Electricity tries to follow the path of least resistance". The sentence is a non-rigorous intuitive tool that helps one quickly make sense of current paths. It's not a physical law.
This comes from the behavior of resistors  in parallel --this is where current has a "choice" of which direction to take. The potential difference across a resistor is equal to the current into its resistance ($V=IR$, usually called Ohm's law) in appropriate units.
What happens when you have two resistors in parallel is that the p.d. across them must be the same. Which means that $I_1R_1=I_2R_2$. So, more current flows through the resistor with less resistance and vice versa. Current still flows through the greater resistance.
So most current flows through the path of least resistance. In the case of a short circuit, one of the Rs is (nearly) zero, and thus (almost) all the current flows through it.

A: The statement electricity flows through the path of least resistance means that electricity flows more into the path with less resistance, because it is proportional to the inverse of resistance, obeying:

$$I_1=I\frac{R_2}{R_1+R_2}$$
$$I_2=I\frac{R_1}{R_1+R_2}$$
From these relations you can find out that in two cases all of the current flows through the 1st resistor:

*

*$R_1=0$

*$R_2\gg R_1$ $($mathematically $R_2\to\infty$ $)$

The important fact is that what matters here is the ratio of the resistances:
$$I_1=I\frac{R_2}{R_1+R_2}\to I_1=I\frac{1}{\frac{R_1}{R_2}+1}$$
If you plot $I_1\over I$ from the above relation (w.r.t $\frac{R_1}{R_2}$ ) you can see this better:

This is the meaning of the quoted statement.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Warp It's Daniel O'Connor met Vinci PLC's Richard Smith at RWM.
After the first minute of chatting, Daniel knew he was going to hear some knowledge bombs, so he pulled out his phone to record the conversation.
"I learned some great stuff which I think might help others. So I wrote it up!"
In his career spanning over 10 years, Richard Smith has progressed from banging pegs into the ground, to biodiversity surveys and leading the cause of environmental sustainability across his company, VINCI PLC.
Back in 2002, fresh from backpacking in Australia, Richard went to the site office of a road infrastructure project that was being built near his parent's house. He knocked on the site office door and said, "I really need a job, have you got anything?" They said "You start tomorrow as a chain lad". And so, that was that!
Take Home Tip #1 - Ignore your perceived limits. Think differently from the majority and you will be rewarded.
Take home tip #2 - Be interested in other areas of your company, you will add value and make yourself more indispensable. You will also increase your experience and likelihood of getting asked to have more responsibility.
While volunteering on this project, it hit Richard that he could make a career out of this activity. So he started looking for university courses on Environmental Management. Once again, going against the standard behavior of the majority, he sent a direct letter (not email!) to the MD of his company.
Before he knew it, he was sitting in the Director's Mercedes on site, explaining to him that he wanted the company to sponsor his education and give him a job at the end of it. Clearly impressed with his vision, the Director agreed and Richard had the prospect of permanent employment at age 19! He then went on to do a three-year course in the University of Central Lancashire and graduated in 2005 with a BSc (Hons), Environmental Management.
Take home tip #3 - Have a vision and a plan. Break it down into milestones. When you have a plan people are much more likely to support you, because if you have a plan you are much more likely to make it!
Richard clearly had a vision for success from a young age and was intent on making it happen. Defining your own vision of success is a great way of working towards your goals, and so we've created this free download to help you understand your targets.


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But yeah, so there's no phone line. There may not be one tomorrow, so I'm actually typing this at an internet cafe. Here I go. Pardon the typos, there will probably be thousands.
I have a new student, which, in accordance to tradition, makes me nervous and causes me to dread every day that bring me closer to the first class. Sense confesses, Sensei isn't really an adult, she's just a kid who's infiltrated their world and is afeared of being found out. Really, it's intimidating trying to teach someone double your age and twice as important as you'll ever be.


text:
The USA June 2, 2019 by admin
Thomas Jefferson Campaign Button
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Apr 20, 2018 · There was an electoral vote tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr at 73 votes each. Because of this, the House of Representatives got to decide who would be president and who would be vice president. Due to an intense campaign by Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson was selected over Aaron Burr after 35 ballots. Hamilton's actions would.
Apr 20, 2012 · Thomas Jefferson Street The Obama Campaign Should Be Hitting the Panic Button Not everybody identifies with Mitt Romney, but everyone knows and loves a good problem-solver.
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I'd like to begin my testimony with a quote from Buckley that I believe summarizes the case against much of the proposed campaign finance reform now before Congress. properly make themselves. As.
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That, in a nutshell, is the Republicans' fall congressional campaign strategy. If you doubt it. militarily, in land wars? Thomas Jefferson warned us that we could be free or ignorant, but not both.
Does History Teach Us Anything Essay Surely that tells us something. If Ahmari is calling for a more robust legislative agenda from the Right on cultural matters, History and What-Really-Happened History is not just what-really-happened-in-the-past, but a complex intersection of truths, bias and hopes. A glance at two very different historians, the Roman Tacitus and the Byzantine Procopius, shows the range
How Long Has The Republican Party Controlled Congress Nov 8, 2016. Republican control of the state House is a boon to Bevin and his conservative causes. The GOP win breathes new life into dozens of proposals that have. Bevin to truly move our state forward and enact many long-needed, Congress probably. whereby a third party mediates between insurers and doctors to decide on
Thomas Cunningham, 55, a lawyer here, said, "It's hard to get engaged until there's an honest candidate and a real slate." Voters are waiting to be wooed, a task that almost all say the Kerry.
Chapter 10: A Maturing Republic 1800-1824 study guide by mikaylagarrels includes 54 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Quizlet flashcards, activities.
In late July, Hart made a cash infusion of $1,000 to his campaign in the form of a candidate loan, bringing his total receipts to $2,500. He spent $240 on printing and giveaway items such as buttons.
Monroe fought in the American Revolution, studied law under Thomas Jefferson, negotiated the Louisiana Purchase. Gift shop: Postcards and souvenirs — including "Monroe '16" campaign buttons and.
About four years ago, the bus hauling Thomas Jefferson High School's acclaimed band had just. She and other treatment experts initiated a social norms campaign at TJ, conducting focus groups to.
Even Thomas Jefferson was not spared as the campaign of 1800 heated up. I'm ready with the mute button, comfortable in knowing that statesmen/stateswomen and saints are rare and often mutually.
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In the midst of the government shutdown, Trump's re-election campaign ran an advertisement that blamed. This fight is one more in the daily struggle for America's soul, and the fate of liberal.
So what does that mean for its number one consumer (you know, the one with the big nuclear button)? Why is Fox getting noticeably. "Fox was whalloped during the presidential campaign for not going.
Early Life and Monticello. Jefferson was born April 13, 1743, on his father's plantation of Shadwell located along the Rivanna River in the Piedmont region of central Virginia at the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains.1 His father Peter Jefferson was a successful planter and surveyor and his mother Jane Randolph a member of one of Virginia's most distinguished families.
Is James Madison High School Regionally Accredited It is the first game of a best-of-three series between the Seminoles (54-8) and Cowgirls (42-14) in the Tallahassee Super. Mar 27, 2019 · The variety and availability of online high school diploma programs can be both annoying and frustrating. Diplomas from quality online high schools are academically equivalent to those earned in the traditional high
And if you look beyond turnout to other forms of participation, like campaign giving and so on. MR. WATTENBERG: You know, I mean that goes back to George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. And I mean.
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On Jan. 2, Trump took to Twitter to threaten North Korean dictator Kim Jong Un with nuclear warfare saying, "North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un just stated that the 'Nuclear Button is on his. and he's.
throughout its tumultuous self-reinvention as Jefferson Starship, taking a long break in the Eighties as Mickey Thomas steered the newly christened Starship into brief pop success. Starship still.
In a statement, Ochsner President and CEO Warner Thomas said: "Ochsner has tremendous. Lynne Parker, a long-time East Jefferson activist, said she still remembers what a "hot-button issue" a.
Lgbt Rights Arrests Usa History ISTANBUL — At least 44 people were detained during a march for LGBT rights that the governor of Istanbul had. said Former Defense Secretary Robert Gates warned of pulling American troops out of. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people in Russia face legal and social challenges not experienced by non-LGBT persons.Although same-sex sexual activity between
History Of Christianity 5 (AP Photo/Christian Torres, File) [ + – ] WASHINGTON (AP) – In a surprise announcement that could derail a major trade deal, President Donald Trump says he is placing a 5% tariff on all Mexican. to. As such, it is a society trying to pull itself out of the abyss of a painful history while
The John Birch Society once fulminated on the idea of Soviet infiltration of the U.S. government; now, it wants to stop the investigation into Russia's 2016 election meddling and possible collusion.
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Mayor Buttigieg's anti-Americanism came out when he said on a radio interview that it was "the right thing to do" to remove.
Nov 16, 2009 · On this day in 1801, Thomas Jefferson is elected the third president of the United States. The election constitutes the first peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another in.
After four years of embarking on an upstream campaign to fund a dredge of its namesake river. September's meetings included the University of Pennsylvania, Drexel University, Thomas Jefferson.
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Thomas Jefferson Memorial Quotes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package org.apache.manifoldcf.crawler.connectors.confluence.v6.model;

/**
 *
ConfluenceResource class

 *
Used as base class for other classes like Page and Attachments

 *
 * @author Antonio David Perez Morales <adperezmorales@gmail.com>
 *
 */
public class ConfluenceResource {

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Jennifer Grygiel, assistant professor of communications in the Newhouse School, took first place in the Best Practices in Ethics in an Emerging Media Environment teaching competition, sponsored by the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC) Elected Committee on Teaching.
The annual competition, now in its 11th year, seeks to honor innovative teaching ideas. The theme of this year's competition focused on innovative learning techniques and systems used to teach ethics in an ever-changing media world.
Grygiel won for her entry, "Social Media and Social Change: A Lesson in Biased Product Development and Collective Action." She will present at the AEJMC annual conference in Minneapolis Aug. 4.


It was quite a sensation when Peddy from neuWerk Music announced that SEIGMEN was going to play in Berlin in 2018! German fans were very excited because most of them never had the chance to see the band live on stage, since the last show SEIGMEN played in Germany was 20 years ago. Right after the announcement, there were rumours that SEIGMEN might also play at WGT in Leipzig. And it became true!
What great news for all the fans of the Norwegian band. Especially after ZEROMANCER confirmed WGT too. That was an eventful weekend for the band and the fans. Unfortunately I only had the chance to join the show in Berlin but friends of mine told me that the concerts in Leipzig were really amazing. Of course you can read about them on RoD! Check also out the pics of SEIGMEN and ZEROMANCER at WGT! The Berlin concert was a very special one, I can tell you! It was my 10th SEIGMEN show and it was really different to see them live in Germany. The venue was a little smaller than the venues SEIGMEN is usually playing at in Norway. The stage was extremely tight and some of the great light show was missing. But nevertheless it was one of the best SEIGMEN shows I have ever seen.
Doors at Lido opened around 7 o'clock and slowly the room started to fill up with fans from all over the world - Germany, Norway, Russia and even from America. SEIGMEN opened the show for the eagerly waiting fans with 'Performance Alpha' at 8 o'clock. The atmosphere was unbelievable and terrific. Everybody - the audience and also Alex, Kim, Noralf, Sverre and Marius - were totally electrified and absolutely ready to spend a fantastic time together! As usual Alex, Kim and the rest of the guys cast a spell over every single one in the audience right from the beginning.
The set-list was a great mixture of strong songs like 'Ohm', 'I mitt hus', 'Fra X til døden' and 'Mesusah' as well as some very emotional songs like 'Metropolis', 'Agnus Dei' and the awesome 'The Modern End'. Highlights were definitely 'Døderlein' and 'Hjernen er alene'! The crowd went totally crazy and everybody was singing along! I am quite sure that the band was pretty surprised that the German fans knew so many Norwegian lyrics.
I rarely saw so many happy faces in the front rows during a concert. That may be because during the last years it was very difficult for German fans to join a SEIGMEN show. Not everybody could afford to travel to Norway just to see a concert. So most of the fans waited a long time to get the opportunity to see these charismatic Norwegian guys on stage! In my opinion it was definitely worth it! We got a very unique show and in return the band got so much love and support from the audience.
During the whole show the power and the happiness never faded away. All the songs were welcomed and celebrated with excitement. Or in the cases of 'Agnus Dei' and 'The Modern End' with attentive tranquillity. The shift between partying really hard and listening to more gentle songs worked perfectly well! After 'Hjernen er alene', Alex, Kim, Sverre, Marius and Noralf said thank you and goodbye and left the stage, really overwhelmed by the devotion and love of the German people!
Normally the concert definitely ends with the last tones of 'Hjernen er alene' but in Berlin the calls for more didn't stop. The clapping and screaming went on and on and on. So truly by surprise the guys came back on stage and played an extra encore: 'Slaver av solen'. I never experienced that! All in all there is only one thing to say - Thank you so much SEIGMEN for an unforgettable concert and please come back to Germany as soon as possible!


There's no time to lose! Help Ben, Gwen and Grandpa discover the hidden secret behind the Mayan Sword. On each episode of this exciting graphic adventure, expect new puzzles, minigames, and enigmas to solve. Simply must play!


text:
opening storefronts to possibilities
Shira Wheeler
Throughout her career, Shira Wheeler has explored the theme of art and commerce, distilling ideas into results-driven creative strategy, helping numerous brands craft and communicate distinctive stories on and offline. Now she is using her experience and expertise to help shift the understanding and perception of women's health and sexuality with the launch of Oddo, a collection of 100% cotton underwear.
Prior to founding Oddo, Shira began her career at the world-renowned advertising agency Radical Media, and then went on to build and direct RoAndCo, an award-winning design studio. In the summer of 2013, she founded FIGURE, a brand strategy consultancy that specializes in launch and e-commerce strategy. Over the years she has worked for clients such as Refinery29, Paintbox, Altuzarra, Grey Goose, Bird, Simon Miller, Nike and Zappos.
Miles Begin
Miles Begin is a design maker and thinker. He leads product design at Canary. Previously he's been VP of UX and Design at American Express. He has a talent for collaborative problem solving and works to build a strong culture of design wherever he hangs his hat. With a background in Industrial Design, Miles' hand can be seen in products and services of all sorts – from electronics, to medical devices, to consumer packaged goods, to consumer financial tools. He is also a co-founder of The Design Gym and co-editor of And Then One Day.
Rachel Ginsberg
Rachel's career has included a wide range of experience in retail, operations, buying, store management, design thinking and (bringing it all together) strategy. In 2011 she worked to launch and then manage Brand + Commercial, an online fashion business publication where she focused much of her writing on consumer-facing fashion enterprise, addressing related technologies and evolutions in consumer behavior. Through a few years of freelance interdisciplinary strategy practice and now as a Sr. Strategist at Adoptive, her career has moved progressively towards a focus on brand strategy and the essential relationship between branding and experience. Rachel has worked with clients such as L'Oreal, Target, Caleres and Clean.
Kyle Studstill
Kyle is the designer behind Composure, a line of unique scarves in a rare balance of silk and wool. His background is in digital strategy and innovative brand thinking for changing business landscapes. He's been a part the team behind Makeway—a guide to artisanal innovation profiled by Fast Company and Monocle magazine—and a trends consultant at the innovation firm PSFK.
Shane Rasnak
Shane Rasnak consults for leaders of impact-driven companies, helping them to acquire more customers and drive growth using digital marketing. Previously, Shane was a founding member and the Director of Marketing at ReWork. He is also a StartingBloc fellow, contributing writer for Unreasonable.is, and part-time instructor at General Assembly's NYC campus as an Expert in Residence for the digital marketing program.
Stacey Ferreira
Stacey Ferreira is the co-author of 2 Billion Under 20: How Millennials Are Breaking Down Age Barriers & Changing the World and CEO of Forrge, a platform to help independent workers find temporary job opportunities in their area, manage their work schedule and manage their finances, taxes and insurance. Previously, Stacey was the co-founder of MySocialCloud, an online password manager whose investors include Sir Richard Branson, Jerry Murdock, and Alex Welch. In 2013, she and her brother (and co-founder) sold MySocialCloud to Reputation.com, making Stacey the youngest female tech entrepreneur to ever make an exit of this nature.
Eric Ho is the founder of miLES, a civic startup that open storefronts to possibilities by activating urban neighborhoods for pop-up entrepreneurship. miLES has been creatively using and sharing storefront spaces for a wide range of uses and time-frame to lower the entry barrier for entrepreneurs, creatives and community to use commercial real estate. Started as an online collaboration, Eric has been leading the development of miLES into an innovative practice operating between real estate, design and social entrepreneurship. Eric also teaches at Parsons the New School for Design in the Design and Strategic Management Program.
Courtney Cervantes
Courtney is a public relations and communications strategist. Formerly a writer and editor, she now puts her energy towards helping brands develop and tell their stories in an authentic and meaningful way that effectively connects with media and consumers. Currently working at Access Emanate, a communications agency, she has a knack for tapping into industry insights and leveraging her strong media relationships to build and execute integrated creative campaigns that result in significant exposure for her clients. With an affinity for consumer lifestyle brands, she has represented companies including Jameson Irish Whiskey, Beefeater Gin, Blue Diamond Growers, LUNA Bar, and Toshiba.
We are miLES - we create opportunities for everyday residents, emerging entrepreneurs and creatives by connecting them to the spaces, tools and resources they need to grow their dreams and projects.


text:
Q: How to resolve the error : COLLATION 'utf8_general_ci' is not valid for CHARACTER SET 'latin1' mysql verision 8.0.0 (docker,django,datagrip) I am trying to use datagrip for my database management. I can create a connection but when the data of the database I get this error:
[42000][1253] COLLATION 'utf8_general_ci' is not valid for CHARACTER SET
 'latin1'. COLLATION 'utf8_general_ci' is not valid for CHARACTER SET 'latin1'

I have looked only for solutions to this but non of them seem to work. A few of them involved changing the /etc/mysql/my.cnf file it showed the changes that should work but didn't have any effect.
my.cnf:
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
!includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/
[client]
loose-default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

the result:
show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

show variables like '%collation%'

+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+

A: It could be two issues here.

*

*Table you're trying to get data from is created in different collation. So, SHOW CREATE TABLE show help to unveil if it is.

*Your local machine and client are working in another collation. Setting connectionCollation on Advanced tab should help.

Also, you can explicitly define collation by setting SET NAMES utf8; as startup script on data source' Options tab:


text:
RUH SPIRITUAL CARE CENTRE
This small, but complex project, brought to life an existing courtyard used only as a fire escape by creating
a multi-faith meeting area and garden to replace the old hospital chapel. The complexity of the project being that the courtyard is surrounded by hospital accommodation on all sides which had to remain in use throughout. The building was designed using a glulam structure that could be craned over these buildings and assembled using techniques to reduce noise levels and so reduce the impact on the surrounding wards.
The focal piece of the garden, a commissioned sculpture by a local artist, is visible through a series of glazed screens within the new building, leading visitors in from the hospital corridor through into the quiet sanctuary of the garden. The project also included a separate Quiet Room, Office and Toilets, including dedicated washing facilities for Muslim Prayer. A second smaller garden brings natural light deeper into the plan.
The project has been very well received by the users of the hospital and was opened by Bishop of Bath and
Wells in a dedication ceremony.
Religious Centre
Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
Arturus Architects LLP
Brentwood, 48 Eastfield, Westbury on Trym,
Bristol, BS9 4BE
© 2021 Arturus Architects


text:
publication July 15, 2020
Building for Peace: Reconstruction for Security, Sustainable Peace, and Equity in the Middle East and North Africa
Spawning insecurity, mass displacement, and disorder, the conflict and violence in Iraq, Libya, Syria, and Yemen has posed new and unprecedented challenges to practitioners and policymakers.
The need for a new approach
Protracted conflict has locked Iraq, Libya, Syria, and Yemen into cycles of violence. These conflicts have fractured relationships within and between communities, and undermined social cohesion. They are both localized in parts of a country and have also created regional and international spillovers that draw in multiple regional and global actors with different interests. They have also reconfigured the political economy in war-torn societies and their neighboring countries, with illicit and informal economic activities flourishing domestically and regionally, prompting not just a change in the workforce but also feeding into the establishment of war economies. The systems that once promised order — state structures, institutions, economic networks and social fabrics — are fragile, fragmented and stressed, testing the limits of reconstruction and peacebuilding approaches.
What can be done differently?
To break the cycles of violence and ensure that interventions are anchored in the needs of the communities affected by conflict, policymakers and practitioners should complement the approaches centered on physical reconstruction and central government institutions with more bottom-up, inclusive engagement that leverages existing assets. They should pursue a more holistic and multisectoral approach focused on building rather than rebuilding the past that addresses the different layers of complexities in these environments by:
Supporting legitimate and inclusive institutions at all levels: reforming central institutions, while retaining institutional capacitates at the local level without exacerbating grievances and rebuilding the past. Involving and supporting local communities to promote social cohesion and build social capital.
Creating sustainable economic opportunities for all: Restarting local economies and trade by supporting small scale private sector and jobs that empower communities and providing small scale infrastructure, while acknowledging war-time economic order and the interaction of communities' coping mechanisms with the war economy.
Building on resilient assets while addressing damages: Focusing on local (social and economic) assets that have emerged to ensure sustainability and to avoid rebuilding the past and prolong existing grievances.
Developing a comprehensive understanding of the situation on the ground and staying engaged at the regional, center and local level with all actors can help prevent "blinders in policy design" and ill-conceived interventions that could prove to undermine the future of peace. This can be achieved by:
Articulating a long-term strategy that addresses grievances and helps to evaluate policy tradeoffs: Understanding the factors that led to conflict as well as the present allocation of resources and the political and economic interests revolving around war to map the future through the development of a long-term vision for sustainable peace that takes into account associated risks, constraints and tradeoffs.
Engaging flexibly with a diverse set of actors and allowing for learning and adaptation: Forging partnerships to identify entry points and build, incrementally, on the existing assets. Using flexibility in engaging with counterparts and key stakeholders and allowing for learning and adaptation as the conflict evolves.
Conducting assessments without blinders: Compiling an integrated and comprehensive assessment of existing assets and opportunities by engaging with a broader group of actors involved in, and affected by, the conflict by employing new technologies and innovations, and by relying on existing partnerships.
This report combines recent development thinking with original research to propose a multidisciplinary approach. It comprises the input and collective thinking of more than 15 think-tanks and policy institutions, academic researchers, policymakers, government officials, and other international organizations and NGOs, from the MENA region and globally, who collaborated over a period of two years. Report findings also span feedback from citizens of the region, experts and practitioners through a series of consultative workshops and online surveys conducted anonymously in Iraq, Libya and Yemen.
Join us on July 15, 2020, for a live discussion on the report from the Fragility Forum 2020.
Click here to register: Fragility Forum 2020
Executive Summary (English)
Overview of background papers
World Bank Group Strategy for Fragility, Conflict, and Violence 2020-2025
World Bank Group Assistance to Low-Income Fragile and Conflict-Affected States
World Bank Group Engagement in Situations of Fragility, Conflict, and Violence
Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict
German Development Cooperation
Brochure: German Transitional Development Assistance
Factsheet: German Transitional Development Assistance in Iraq
Video: Transitional Development Assistance in Iraq
Peace and Security Topic Page
Transitional Development Assistance Strategy


Where to stay around Fontajau?
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Make it Happen is a program that brings special moments of happiness and meaning to those nearing the end of their lives by fulfilling their life-enhancing wishes. Each moment is unique and personal: It can be larger than life, like a hot air balloon ride, or a simple wish for family at a distance to come together one last time. Each Make it Happen moment creates lasting memories for families of those served by Ohio Living Home Health & Hospice.
Volunteers can help with planning, organizing, creating, documenting, photographing, facilitating and more! Please consider helping us Make It Happen for those we serve!


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Queens County Farm Museum illuminates nature this winter
Amanda Salazar
Life-size giraffes that glow, ladybugs that light up and sunflowers that shine bright. These were just some of the things to see at the Queens County Farm Museum's winter attraction, "Illuminate the Farm."
"Illuminate the Farm" was an outdoor, nighttime exhibit that features more than 1,000 lights — but it was more than just a holiday lights event. That's because all of the lights are in the form of lanterns in all different shapes, sizes and colors.
Each lantern was handmade by Chinese artisans, according to the farm's event page about the exhibit on its website. The lanterns were freestanding and depict farm and wild animals, fruits, vegetables, insects and flowers.
The exhibit ran from Nov. 25, 2021 through Jan. 23 with brief two to three day breaks throughout. "Illuminate the Farm" also ran daily during the holiday season from Dec. 16, 2021 through Jan. 2.
With tons of different brightly colored lanterns to see, "Illuminate the Farm" was a fun exhibit for families with young children, but also adults and couples.
One installation was a pair of ladybugs that sat in front of a bed of funky mushrooms. The mushrooms were uniquely shaped, sized and colored from each other, with a few rainbow ones.
Some of the lanterns were animatronic, including the head of a unicorn posed to be driving a princess carriage, the wings of some butterflies and the mouth and head of an alligator, which opened and closed its mouth while bobbing its head.
There were lanterns of flamingos, owls, squirrels, pigs, goats, llamas, cows, crickets, grasshoppers, chickens, rabbits, horses and a whole sea of ducklings.
Additionally, "Illuminate the Farm" had a make-your-own wish lantern stand that, for an extra cost, allowed a small number of visitors to decorate their own lanterns.
There were also food trucks and stands, including a taco stand, a vegetarian food stand and one concession stand offering fried ice cream. Of course, though, one of the main hits was the hot chocolate.
However, the main attraction was the tower of life-sized giraffes that were set up at the center of the exhibit. Adult giraffes tended to calves in a perfect arrangement for visitors to pose for photos.
The lanterns were arranged around six acres of the historic farm's 47 acres. The farm dates back to 1697, as New York City's largest site of undisturbed farmland and is one of the longest continuously farmed sites in New York State.
It is still actively farmed by staff and seasonal volunteers, who grow a range of crops on the land, including "perennial fruit, perennial vegetables, flowers, herbs and pollinator supporting plants," according to the farm's website.
The farm is also still home to livestock, including alpaca, steers, sheep, goats, honey bees, more than 100 hens and pigs.
To learn about future events or to learn about the farm's grounds, history and regular admissions, go online to the Queens County Farm Museum's website, https://www.queensfarm.org.


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Creating a culture at work
HR expert Bill Pinto discusses the importance of creating the right kind of culture in the workplace:
The Secret to Success: Your Personality
If you are looking for the perfect career, consider your personality type. What do you love to do? What are you good at doing? And, just as importantly, what bugs the heck out of you? Working eight hours a day at a job you're ill-suited for is draining. By taking the time to consider your
Green Works: Low-Cost Training for an Earth-Friendly Career
The green economy is coming — some say it's already arrived — and around the country new jobs and training programs are popping up rapidly, while old jobs are changing to align with sustainable practices. Green services and products are already in demand, and workforce development experts agree that this movement is going to have
Telling your boss that you can't take on a new responsibility or a new project can be tough. Most of us have a hard time saying no in these situations, even when we know that saying yes will mean we're stretched so thin that our work will suffer (not to mention our personal lives).
How Office Gossip Can Be Good for Your Career
We grew up learning that gossip was something to be avoided (and definitely "not nice"). But it turns out that office gossip can help us get ahead at work–if used carefully. "It's not realistic to say, 'Don't participate in [workplace] gossip,' because if you don't participate, people tend not to include you in the conversation,"
Jobs That Help You Find Love
Given the long hours that many employees spend at the office, it's not surprising that survey, 35 percent of respondents said they had engaged in an office romance. In fact, 12 percent had married someone they dated from work.
ARCHIVE: Cruisin' Down the Information Superhighway
I. Background – Where We Were Universal need for information, growing demands and expectations for automated access As a public sector entity, the Louisiana Department of Civil Service faces the familiar challenge of efficiently providing access to information to those that we serve. Since we are the central human resources department for the state, our
A Metrics Primer for Recruiters
As you begin to determine what calculations you will make, ask yourself some questions about data collection.
Recruitment Outsourcing Serves Up Options
Companies can get a perfect fit and save money by outsourcing portions of their recruiting function.
Learn From Fishmongers How They Approach Work
In 1997, we flew to Seattle and hauled our film gear to the quaint little town of Langley on Whidbey Island. There we filmed the poet David Whyte, who is known for the message he shares with organizations about bringing one's whole self to work. We became immersed in conversations about wholeheartedness in the workplace.
Butt Heads With the Boss Without Getting Fired
It takes courage to disagree with the boss. It also takes some smarts to do it without getting fired. I didn't have those smarts some years ago and so I put my job at risk. Here's what I learned and want to share.
When Several Small Jobs Are Better Than One Position
Rick Lackey worked in the Atlanta office of real-estate firm Grubb & Ellis when he lost his job during cost-cuttings in 2002. Like many downsized executives, he was averse to commit to another employer. "I never want to put myself in a situation where I can do a good job, probably better than the other
How I Got to Where I Am Today: Marketing Manager for Avon
On the face of it, Kate Digney's career change — from finance to fragrance — was dramatic. The two fields, after all, don't appear to have much in common. But Ms. Digney, 30, says the move was not about turning off one side of her brain and turning on the other. It was about finding
Five Almost Painless Ways To Make a Career Change
Many people find it difficult to change careers because they think they have to do it in one big leap. But you can start by taking small steps that will lead you where you want to be professionally, without losing significant income or disrupting your family.
How to save your job after a gaffe
Some people seem to be bullet-proof and can save their jobs, if not their reputations, after the worst or even multiple mistakes.This kind of smart/slippery character may be naturally blessed with the instincts to survive any blunder, but you don't have to be a politician to survive.There are certain things you can do to help
Santa's little helpers have rights too
As Christmas approaches, retailers are taking on extra staff for the holiday rush. This provides an opportunity for recruiters, but they should note they may be liable for any discrimination claims brought by temps and there is no limit to the compensation that may be awarded in such cases.
IT Careers: What You Need To Know
These days, being tech savvy has a major advantage: it can lead to an in-demand career. Knowing how to navigate information technology systems, which is the software and the use of computers to manage information, is a skill that is in demand worldwide. The reason behind this is technology's presence and constant impact on our daily
3 Tips For Conquering Summer Networking Events
Without a doubt, summer is prime time for professional networking. In fact, you're likely to find that summertime networking events go beyond the basic cocktail mixer. While this may vary by region, you're likely to find that many summer networking events during this time of year are held outdoors on rooftops, patios, boats and even


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City athletes pick up ICON bursaries at Derby Arena
The inspiring ICON event took place on Wednesday 25 March, where some of the most promising sports performers in Derby City were handed a share of £3,650 in grants from business network ICON to help them chase their dreams. The chosen 23 athletes were selected to receive a grant of up to £250 each, which they can use to cover costs such as travel, equipment, coaching fees or competition related expenses.
All of the athletes are tipped for further success in their respective sports, and are either already competing for England or Great Britain or are part of recognised national development squads or club academy structures. Each athlete will also be given free use of Derby City Council's leisure facilities during 2015, which will further help with their training and development.
Badminton quartet Sophie Brealey, David Hong, Josh Hong and Tiara Samuel, swimmers Eleanor Baldwin, Kane Haggett and Sarah Vasey, ice skaters Ellie O'Connell and Genevieve Somerville, tennis players Jay Clarke and Ceire Mullins, athletes Yasmin Miller and Daniel Haymes, and karate players Leon Bentley and Josh Wade have all received ICON backing. Also selected for a bursary are equestrian rider Matthew Dalley, dodgeball player Alex Harrison, triathlete Barclay Izzard, rower Yasmin Marks, golfer Bradley Moore, footballer Bethany Naqwi, mountaineer Sarah Pashley and cricketer Hamidullah Qadri.
Cllr Shiraz Khan, Mayor of the City of Derby, Cllr Alison Martin, Derby City Council's Cabinet Member for Leisure and Culture, and Ilana Freestone, Director of Derbyshire Sport, which runs the ICON programme, met a number of the athletes to congratulate them during the presentation at Derby Arena last night.
Cllr Martin said:
"It's tremendous to see so many young athletes from the City of Derby excelling in their chosen sports and this underlines just how much top-class sporting talent we have right on our doorstep. We all took great delight in the great success of our sporting stars at the London 2012 Olympics and the 2014 Commonwealth Games, including medal success for former ICON recipient and City of Derby Swimming Club member Adam Peaty and the hope is that, using this support, there are athletes among this current crop who can emulate him by reaching the very top."
Derby City Council is among 10 local authorities across the county who are members of business network ICON, which was set up by Derbyshire Sport as part of the work to create a lasting legacy from the London 2012 Olympics in Derbyshire.
ICON members, who were in attendance at the event, included Derby County FC, Derbyshire CCC, the Lonsdale Swimming and Sports Trust and Technogym. They have each contributed an annual membership fee, and this money goes directly to athletes through the bursary scheme.
We would like to congratulate all athletes and wish them all the best for their future!


How strong is your Pelvic Floor…..?
Posted by Health Web January 6, 2014 Comments Off on How strong is your Pelvic Floor…..?
Pelvic Floor weakness occurs when the muscles and tissues supporting the organs (i.e. the pelvic floor) weaken. This can be caused by various issues including childbirth, aging, chronic cough, hormonal changes such as menopause, excessive straining due to constipation, constant lifting of heavy objects, obesity and pregnancy.
So how can Physiotherapy help women tone and strengthen muscles in the pelvic area?
Start by lying on the floor on your back with your feet together and your knees bent.
Place your arms on your sides and part your legs so that your feet are about a hip distance apart.
Take a deep breath and allow the air to travel all the way down to your pelvis. As you inhale, lift one leg up from the floor keeping the knee bent.
Even though your thigh muscles are also at work, your abdominal muscles should exert the most pressure.
Make sure your hips remain flat on the floor.
Return the foot on the floor as you exhale.
Do the exercise three times on each leg.
STAY TUNED FOR DETAILS OF OUR NEXT FREE SEMINAR….
It will be all about Pelvic Floor strengthening, and other cool tips for maintaining Pelvic Floor health now and into our later years.
Watching Television is a Health Risk!
It may be hard to believe that watching TV can damage our health, but there are many reasons that this is true. The obvious one is that time spent watching TV means less time spent doing physical activity. Many people watch over four hours of television a day, and that is frequently in addition to sitting at work for eight hours! The more the TV time, the fatter we are. Childhood TV watching is clearly linked to childhood obesity.
Weaning oneself and the kids off TV is tough, but when you do you have much more quality time with each other, improving family relationships. You will be healthier and happier, and the kids will be better adjusted socially.


Steve James's Chicago-set epic (pictured) picked up the top two prizes at the fifth annual Cinema Eye Honors, with other awards honoring Pina, Senna, Buck, Tabloid, The Arbor and a short film by the late Tim Hetherington.
Chicago-set documentary The Interrupters (pictured) took the top two prizes at the fifth annual Cinema Eye Honors for Nonfiction Filmmaking in New York last night.
The film's director Steve James took the prize for outstanding achievement in direction just before his film was named as this year's winner for outstanding achievement in nonfiction feature filmmaking, marking the first time a film has received both honors.
"Tonight, I don't care about the Oscars," said James, after he and producer Alex Kotlowitz accepted the best feature prize from fellow director Michael Moore.
For his part, Moore addressed this year's controversy of high-profile docs being snubbed and the changes he has brought in to Oscar voting rules head-on, telling attendees his aim was to introduce a democracy movement to the Academy's documentary branch.
"This is a much more open, transparent process, and the old days of secret committees are gone," he said.
Elsewhere at the awards, Clio Barnard picked up the outstanding achievement in a debut feature film prize for her crossover documentary The Arbor, while the award for non-fiction short filmmaking went to Diary, a film by the late Tim Hetherington, who died last year. His parents accepted the award.
Of the other winners, the Audience Choice prize went to Cindy Meehl for Buck, while the outstanding achievement in production award went to Gian-Piero Ringel and Wim Wenders for Pina.
The outstanding achievement in editing prize went to Gregers Sall and Chris King for Senna, while the outstanding achievement in cinematography gong was awarded to Danfung Dennis for Hell and Back Again.
There were also two prizes for Errol Morris's Tabloid. The film picked up the outstanding achievement in an original music score prize and the outstanding achievement in graphic design and animation gong.
Finally, the Spotlight Award went to Tatiana Huezo Sánchez for The Tiniest Place, while the Heterodox Award – for a crossover narrative feature – went to Mike Mills's Beginners.
The ceremony also saw a number of previously announced award winners collect their prizes. Steve James presented the Legacy Award to Frederick Wiseman for his landmark 1967 documentary Titicut Follies.
Elsewhere, the first Hell Yeah Prize – given to filmmakers who have created works of incredible craft and artistry that also have significant, real-world impact – was awarded to directors Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky for their Paradise Lost doc trilogy, which played a critical role in securing the release of the West Memphis Three.
In winning the top non-fiction feature prize, The Interrupters beat out The Arbor, Asif Kapadia's Senna, Patricio Guzmán's Nostalgia for the Light, Leonard Retel Helmrich's Position Among the Stars and James Marsh's Project Nim.
Esther Robinson and AJ Schnack, who serve as co-chairs of the Cinema Eye Honors, returned as this year's co-hosts for the ceremony, which was held at the Museum of the Moving Image in Astoria, Queens.


The ideal identification of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates requires a battery of tests and this is costly in resource limited settings. In many developing countries, the tube coagulase test is usually confirmatory for S. aureus and is routinely done using either human or sheep plasma. This study evaluated Mannitol salt agar and the deoxyribonuclease (DNase) test for improving the efficiency of the tube coagulase test in resource limited settings. The efficiency of human and sheep plasma with tube coagulase tests was also evaluated.
One hundred and eighty Gram positive, Catalase positive cocci occurring in pairs, short chains or clusters were subjected to growth on Mannitol salt agar, deoxyribonuclease and tube coagulase tests. Of these, isolates that were positive for at least two of the three tests (n = 60) were used to evaluate the performance of the tube coagulase test for identification of S. aureus, using PCR-amplification of the nuc gene as a gold standard.
Human plasma was more sensitive than sheep plasma for the tube coagulase test (sensitivity of 91% vs. 81% respectively), but both plasmas had very low specificity (11% and 7% respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of the tube coagulase test (human plasma) was markedly improved when Mannitol salt agar and DNase were introduced as a tri-combination test for routine identification of Staphylococcus aureus (100% specificity and 75% sensitivity). The specificity and sensitivity of Mannitol salt agar/DNase/tube coagulase (sheep plasma) combination was 100% and 67%, respectively.
The efficiency of the tube coagulase test can be markedly improved by sequel testing of the isolates with Mannitol salt agar, DNase and Tube coagulase. There is no single phenotypic test (including tube coagulase) that can guarantee reliable results in the identification of Staphylococcus aureus.
Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous commensal bacterium on human skins and anterior nares, but frequently causes severe infections in humans . Rapid and direct identification of S. aureus is crucial for proper management of patients with skin infections, abscesses, septicemia/bacteremia, gastroenteritis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome and certain food intoxications [2, 3]. In developing countries, phenotypic tests are the mainstay in the diagnosis of staphylococcal infections, in which coagulase tests are usually confirmatory for S. aureus[4–8]. Coagulase testing is performed using the slide coagulase (SCT) or the tube coagulase (TCT) methods . Although these tests efficiently identify S. aureus, their performances vary from setting to setting and need improvement [3, 6].
Several laboratories in developing countries screen for presumptive Staphylococcus aureus based on growth on Mannitol salt agar (MSA) and/or DNase tests and confirmation is done with the TCT. In many settings, the use of the TCT is curtailed by reliance on human plasma, since the recommended plasmas (from rabbit, horse ) are either expensive or if locally available, are of poor quality. Human plasma is reported to give discordant results ; usually obtained from blood banks as outdated materials, it contains variable amounts of CRF (Coagulase-Reacting Factor) and anti-staphylococcal antibodies . This type of plasma is not recommended for coagulase tests . Other factors which make human plasma inappropriate for the coagulase tests include; a high burden of viral infections (such as HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B and C) in resource limited settings that can render the plasma risky to laboratory workers and prior to use, it must be screened for safety. There are also ethical issues accompanying the use of human specimens. Conversely, the efficiency of other plasmas in many laboratory settings varies and has to be determined for proper identification of S. aureus with coagulase tests.
Although coagulase tests are invaluable for identification of Staphylococcus aureus, few studies have evaluated their use in routine practice . In addition, diagnostic laboratories are occasionally faced with organisms with biochemical characteristics that do not fit into the patterns of a known genus and species . Furthermore, there are some problems associated with coagulase tests; firstly, some human CoNS (Coagulase Negative Staphylococci) produce clumping factor and may be falsely positive with the SCT [9, 12]. Secondly, some staphylococci of animal origin are clumping factor negative and tube coagulase positive; these may be misidentified as S. aureus, unless the fermentation of Mannitol is utilized in addition . Whereas Mannitol salt agar was developed for the presumptive isolation of S. aureus in a single step, which is convenient for diagnostic laboratories, Mannitol positive CoNS have been reported in nasal and clinical specimens from Nigeria and Japan [13, 14]. Furthermore, Mannitol negative MRSA (Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was reported from clinical specimens in Kwazulu Natal province, South Africa . In view of the above, the common identification methods for S. aureus were evaluated, aiming at improving the diagnosis of S. aureus through a combination of available phenotypic methods.
This study reveals that there is no single test (including the tube coagulase test) that can guarantee reliable results for the identification of S. aureus. However, improved diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the tube coagulase test were achieved upon simultaneous testing of the isolates with DNase and Mannital salt agar. In order to improve the identification of S. aureus in resource limited settings, sequel testing of the isolates with Mannitol salt agar, tube DNase and coagulase is proposed.
This study was done in the Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Biology laboratories of the Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, from January through June, 2009. It was a laboratory based study that involved frozen clinical isolates from patients' blood, cerebral spinal fluid, anterior nares, skin and wound swabs.
One hundred and eighty Gram positive, Catalase positive cocci occurring in pairs, short chains or clusters were subjected to growth on MSA, tube coagulase and DNase tests (see below). Of these (N = 180), isolates that were positive for at least two of the three tests (n = 60) were used to evaluate the performance of the tube coagulase test for identification of S. aureus, using PCR-amplification of the nuc gene (which is specific for S. aureus) as the gold standard.
Isolates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours on blood agar and then sub-cultured on TS (Tryptic Soya, Liofilchem, Italy) agar (Fisher, Leicestershire, UK). Single colonies were tested with tube coagulase and DNase test and growth on MSA. To evaluate the performance of the individual tests or a combination of tests, sequel testing of the isolates was done beginning with MSA, followed by DNase and TCT.
To confirm fermentation of mannitol, growth of yellow colonies on MSA (Oxoid, Cambridge, UK) surrounded by yellow zones after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C indicated a positive result. DNase test was performed by incubating the isolates for 24 hours at 37°C on DNase agar (Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain), and pouring an excess (~15 ml) of 1 N HCl. Excess acid was removed with a vacuum pipette and clear zones around the bacterial colonies indicated DNase positive colonies. For tube coagulase tests, colonies of test isolates were re-suspended in 2 ml of citrated sheep or human plasma in sterile glass test-tubes. Since citrate is utilized by enterococci , pure colonies of Gram positive, Catalase positive staphylococci (catalase tests preceded coagulase reactions) were used. Positive control tubes with citrated plasma and coagulase producing strain of S. aureus ATCC 25923 (which efficiently coagulates citrated plasma) were included. To rule out citrate utilization by other microorganisms, control TCTs containing citrated plasma with Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 were included. In addition, negative control tubes containing citrated plasma alone (with no cultures inoculated) were included. The tubes were incubated at 35°C for 4 hours and observed for clot formation. Where clotting did not occur, the tubes were incubated at room temperature for an additional 18 hours . Tubes were studied without agitation in order not to disrupt partially formed clots.
PCR-amplification of the nuc gene was used as a baseline test. Reaction mixes were done in a Cleanspot ultraviolet workstation (COV Lab products, Michigan, USA). The reactions contained 20 pmoles each of the nuc forward and reverse primers (5'-GCGATTGATGGTGATACGGTT-3' and 5'-AGCCAAGCCTTGACGAACTAAAGC-3', respectively, synthesized by Eurofins-MWG-Operon, Ebersberg, Germany), 1.5 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Thermo-Fisher, Surry, UK) and 1 μl of custom PCR master mix (ThermoFisher, Surry, UK). In the post-amplification room, ~100 ng of staphylococcal chromosomal DNA was added to the reactions as template. Amplifications were done in a Peltier thermocycler (MJ Research, Waterman, MA, USA) under the following conditions: initial denaturation at 94°C, 5 min, followed by 37 cycles each consisting of a denaturation at 94°C, 1 min; primer annealing at 55°C, 0.5 min, and extension at 72°C, 1 min; followed by a final extension at 72°C, 7 minutes. After this, the amplicons were mixed with 5 μl of DNA loading buffer and electrophoresed in a 1% agarose gel in TAE buffer (Tris, acetate and EDTA). Control reactions included templates of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (positive control), Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 and nuclease free water (negative controls).
To minimize cross contamination, standard microbiological procedures were strictly followed. Positive and negative controls were always included in the test reactions. DNA extraction and PCR-amplifications were done in molecular laboratories that are separate from the clinical microbiology laboratory where cultures were grown. The PCR laboratory has designated sections for pre-amplification, amplification and post-amplification, with a unidirectional movement of staff.
The negative predictive value (NPV) (%) = [True Negative/(True Negative + False Negative)] × 100.
Coagulase testing is the single most reliable method for identifying Staphylococcus aureus. Coagulase production can be detected using either the slide coagulase test (SCT) or the tube coagulase test (TCT). Slide coagulase detects bound coagulase (also called "clumping factor") , which reacts directly with fibrinogen in plasma, causing rapid cell agglutination. Negative isolates following SCT require confirmation with the superior TCT, since strains deficient in clumping factor usually produce free coagulase. Tube coagulase detects secreted extracellular free coagulase that reacts with a substance in plasma called "Coagulase-Reacting Factor" (CRF) to form a complex, which in turn reacts with fibrinogen to form fibrin (the clot) . Strains of coagulase-positive-animal staphylococci have been isolated from human clinical specimens, yet some animal staphylococcal isolates also ferment mannitol . This study evaluated the performance of TCTs, DNase and MSA, the phenotypic methods commonly used in the identification of Staphylococcus aureus.
PCR-amplification of the nuc gene, which was used as a baseline test, detected 32 Staphylococcus aureus of the 60 staphylococcal isolates, see table 2. Of the 32 nuc-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates, MSA detected the highest number of isolates (30 of 32, 94%) while the TCT (human and sheep plasma respectively) detected 29 and 27 of the 32 isolates (91% and 84% respectively), table 2. DNase detected the least number of isolates (24 of 32, 75%).
Nine of the 32 nuc-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates (28%) were coagulase negative, implying that some isolates may be misidentified by the TCT as a sole test. The coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus may probably be MRSA isolates which are reported to react weakly or negatively with TCTs , or rare Staphylococcus aureus strains that are reported to be coagulase negative . Two Staphylococcus aureus isolates (6%) were also MSA negative. Shittu et al also reported mannitol negative Staphylococcus aureus that was methicillin resistant . Furthermore, eight of the 32 nuc-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates were DNase negative (25%). Rao et al reported DNase negative Staphylococcus aureus but with no explanation for these findings . Six staphylococci other than the nuc-confirmed Staphylococcus aureus isolates produced yellow colonies on MSA, and similar findings were reported by other investigators [19–24]. Another rare finding in this study was an isolate that was DNase positive but MSA-negative and tube coagulase-negative (i.e. non-Staphylococcus aureus). We presume this isolate could have been Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans, which according to the National Standard Method is also DNase positive .
We used sensitivity and specificity to evaluate the performance of individual tests in detecting Staphylococcus aureus. Growth on MSA was the most sensitive (94% sensitivity), followed by the TCT (human and sheep plasma, 91% and 81% sensitivity respectively) while the DNase test was the least sensitive (75% sensitivity). Conversely, the DNase test was the most specific (96% specificity) followed by MSA (79% specificity), while the TCT (human plasma and sheep plasma) was the least specific (11% and 7%, respectively), table 3. Overall, of the individual tests studied, growth on MSA was the best at identifying Staphylococcus aureus (94% sensitivity and 79% specificity). Our results slightly differ from those of Han et al, who reported sensitivity and specificity of 76.5% and 99.6%, respectively, for MSA . D'Souza et al, also reported sensitivity of 71%, a little lower than ours . The high sensitivity of MSA in detecting Staphylococcus aureus could be due to its ability to isolate pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus, differentiating coagulase negative staphylococci from coagulase positive staphylococci.
For tube coagulase, human plasma was more sensitive than sheep plasma (91% vs. 81% sensitivity), implying that using sheep plasma with TCTs may detect more false negative isolates. Thus, in this setting, it is unlikely that sheep plasma will replace human plasma for routine TCTs. Our data is in agreement with previous findings in which sensitivity of 94-100% was reported by other investigators [28–30]. However, in this study, the sensitivity for human and sheep plasma was higher than what was reported in other settings, where values as low as 54.5% (human plasma) and 45.5% (sheep plasma) were reported . Therefore, with coagulase tests, plasma performance varies with setting and the choice of plasma can influence the efficiency of the test. Also, the use of EDTA or citrate as anticoagulant influences the performance of the test. Noteworthy, citrate only affects coagulase reactions of enterococci where it is utilized , but does not affect coagulase producing organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus.
The DNase test had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 96%, which are comparable to other studies in which a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 100% were reported . In this study, the DNase test was the most specific of all tests and had the least number of false positive isolates (there was only one false positive). This was in agreement with other reports, in which the DNase test was reported as superior to the TCT [28, 31]. Growth on MSA was also highly specific (79% specificity), while the least specific test was the tube coagulase (human and sheep plasma, 11% and 7% specificity, respectively).
In contrast, other studies reported high specificity (93.6%) for human and sheep plasma with TCTs . The low specificity in our study may partly be due to the non specific detection of other coagulase positive staphylococci, such as Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies coagulans, Staphylococcus delphini, Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus hyicu s. Staphylococcus delphini and Staphylococcus intermedius are rare clinical isolates while Staphylococcus hyicu s is indeterminate (with prevalence ranging from 11% to 89% ). The prevalence of these isolates may be high in certain settings. Although MSA and DNase had high specificities and sensitivities, as individual tests, their use in routine identification of Staphylococcus aureus is curtailed by their ability to detect other bacterial isolates , and are mostly used during initial screens . Indeed, Mannitol salt positive CoNS (Staphylococcus caprae, S. hemolyticus and S. saprophyticus) have been reported in Nigeria and Japan [13, 14]. Thus, in certain settings, if used individually to identify Staphylococcus aureus, common phenotypic tests may be insufficient; some isolates will be misidentified, either as Staphylococcus aureus or CoNS.
We then evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of test combinations (i.e. MSA/DNase/TCT) at detecting Staphylococcus aureus, aiming at improving the performance of the TCT. We achieved absolute specificity (100%) in detecting Staphylococcus aureus with test combinations, with the exception of the DNase/MSA combination (92% specificity). Conversely, the sensitivity of test combinations varied, with the MSA/DNase/TCT (human plasma) being the most sensitive (75% sensitivity), while MSA/DNase/TCT (sheep plasma) was the least sensitive (25% sensitivity), table 3.
A combination of MSA/DNase resulted in specificity and sensitivity of 92% and 96%, respectively, and this would be the combination of choice for identification of Staphylococcus aureus. However, since both tests are not specific to Staphylococcus aureus and can detect other bacterial isolates, the dual combination can only be used to improve the TCT. Although other test combinations-MSA/DNase/TCT (human plasma) and MSA/TCT (human plasma) had specificity of 100%, they had varying sensitivity (75% and 33%, respectively). In this line, a combination of MSA/DNase/TCT (human plasma) is better at identifying Staphylococcus aureus (100% specificity, 75% sensitivity) than the MSA/TCT (human plasma) combination (100% specificity, 33% sensitivity). Likewise, the DNase/TCT (sheep plasma) and MSA/TCT (sheep plasma) and MSA/DNase/TCT (sheep plasma) combinations had an absolute specificity (100%) but with varying sensitivity (50%, 25% and 67%, respectively).
Thus, the efficiency of the tube coagulase can be improved through simultaneous testing that includes both DNase and MSA. For higher sensitivity and specificity, sequel identification of Staphylococcus aureus may commence with MSA, DNase and then TCT. Noteworthy, the improved specificity of the TCT did not significantly alter the initially observed high sensitivity. The use of MSA prior to TCTs/DNase is highly recommended due to the clumping factor negative and tube coagulase positive staphylococci that are increasingly being recovered from human infections. These isolates also produce a heat stable DNase and can be misidentified as Staphylococcus aureus. However, these strains can be differentiated from Staphylococcus aureus by their failure to produce acid from maltose, lactose and mannitol. Furthermore, rare strains of Staphylococcus aureus can be coagulase negative , yet animal isolates (S. intermidius, S. hyicus, S. delphini and S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans) can be tube coagulase positive [9, 33, 34]; differentiation of these also requires growth on MSA.
Growth on MSA had the highest negative predictive value (NPV) followed by DNase, while tube coagulase had the lowest NPV (which did not match the high sensitivity initially observed, see table 3). Conversely, test combinations gave absolute NPVs (100%) with the exception of DNase/MSA (NPV of 92%), table 3. The high NPVs of the test combinations, particularly those involving the TCT reveal that test combinations can be reliably used in routine identification of Staphylococcus aureus. DNase had the highest positive predictive value (PPV), followed by MSA (96% and 83%, respectively). Conversely, tube coagulase alone resulted in average PPVs (54% and 50%), see table 3. Interestingly, test combinations resulted in high PPVs, with those involving DNase having the highest PPVs (95%), see table 3. Thus, as for NPVs, the specificity of the TCT can be improved by a simultaneous identification of the isolates with DNase and MSA.
Therefore, the ideal identification of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates requires a battery of tests. Staphylococcus aureus infections are more frequent than those by other bacteria, particularly in settings with high HIV/AIDS prevalence [35–37]. This warrants correct identification of the isolates to achieve better treatment outcomes. Since options for improving the sensitivity and specificity are presented, these data will improve on the identification of Staphylococcal aureus in clinical specimens.
For routine identification of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens, we recommend simultaneous use of all the three tests (beginning with growth on MSA, DNase and Tube coagulase) in settings where rabbit or horse plasmas are not readily available. Screening of plasmas from other species (such as rabbit, goat, pig, and bovine), which can be cheaper and safer, and reported to be more efficient than human plasma with TCTs, is recommended. In addition, genotyping of clinical staphylococcal isolates is recommended to speciate CoNS isolates, and to determine the prevalence of rare Staphylococcus aureus and animal isolates in human specimens in Uganda.
We have evaluated the performance of common laboratory tests used routinely in the identification of Staphylococcus aureus infections in Uganda. The identification of clinical Staphylococcus aureus still largely relies on the tube coagulase test, but it requires screening of the isolates with two additional tests (MSA and DNase) prior to TCTs, for improved efficiency. There is no single phenotypic test (including the tube coagulase test) that can guarantee reliable results in the identification of Staphylococcus aureus.
The specificity of sheep plasma was relatively low (even in combination with MSA/DNase), and may not be appropriate for the TCT in some settings. Thus, where rabbit or horse plasmas are unavailable, sheep plasma may not replace human plasma. Since human plasma is inappropriate or risky in some settings, the performance of plasmas from other animal species should be investigated for a replacement of human plasma in TCTs.
David P Kateete, Cyrus N Kimani contributed equally to this work.
FCN and CNK thank the technical staff at the clinical microbiology laboratory (Makerere University College of Heath Sciences) for helping with microbial cultures, and Ms Geraldine Nalwadda for administrative assistance.
This study obtained funding from Sida-Sarec (to FCN) through Makerere University School of Graduate Studies. DPK was supported by the Fogarty International Center training support (award #U2RTW006879) through ICHORTA-Clinical Operational & Health Services Research (COHRE) Training program at the Joint Clinical Research Center, Kampala, Uganda.
FCN conceived and supervised the study. DPK wrote the manuscript and co-supervised the study. CNK performed the experiments in partial fulfillment for his BSC degree. The other authors provided intellectual support to CNK and contributed to the writing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


Up or Down - How will you use your rack?
Running the Expo bars up means easier loose gear containment and great looks, a more traditional rack setup. It also means a higher vehicle height and more wind drag.
When run down, the front Expo bar serves to support the wind fairing, and side cutouts are added to the Expo bar to allow fitment and access for the front and/or middle towers.


Karolin studied in Freiburg in Munich before she took her second exam in Potsdam. She made her PhD in broadcasting law and worked for a news station in Berlin. Since 1998 she is working as a lawyer, prior with the law firm SKW Schwarz in Munich, in 2015 she moved to Hanover and joined Schindhelm, an international network of law firms.
Having legal issues? Karolin is the one to contact for solving your problem in an easy and clever way with a language you understand. This superwoman is specialized in IT/IP law including data protection and media law. You will have fun collaborating with her and her colleagues.


The road to PreK for NHL has been a bumpy one, especially Friday. The little guy is so excited to get ready and go, but when it is time to leave daddy, things go downhill quickly.
Friday I received a call from JL after drop off. NHL was going to go half way to his room alone. This did not happen. He was clingy and eventually went into complete meltdown and crying. The poor little guy did not want to leave JL. This is something that had not happened in months at nursery school. They finally got him into the room and Noah's teacher helped so JL could leave. Later another mother said she got there just as JL left and NHL was calm and playing before she left.
Unfortunately, more is going on. Yesterday at pick up I wanted to talk with his teacher quickly to make sure she was fine with his therapists coming in when they were. She told me she couldn't talk, but would call over the weekend, likely Sunday. She also mentioned he had a tough day, especially in the afternoon. Well, I may have fund a reason for that. I'm not making excuses for my kid, but this could honestly be the heart of the problem. All three days NHL has barely eaten his lunch. Friday seemed to be the worst. His juice was gone (who knows if he drank it), but there was only 1-3 bites of sandwich missing and everything else was still there.
I don't know about you, but I wouldn't be too nice in the afternoon if I had not eaten since 6:45 in the morning. I would have a nasty headache and be snarly to say the least. So we shall see what his teacher has to say and get suggestions from her to assist with drop off.
Here are some additional photos that JL took on day 2 since he forgot the camera the first day.
Hopefully things get better next week. Now off to enjoy the weekend as a family.
Let's hope it goes thru this time!
You darn well SHOULD make excuses, as you call them, for your child. Something is wrong! Jenna gets VERY grumpy and has meltdowns when she has not had anything to eat. She doesnt have the capacity to know WHY. These are 4 year olds! They cannot control emotions and figure out what is causing them! That is what a TEACHER in the School is for! He should be supervised that he is getting enough. I hope you send a note and/or speak to someone about the problem. The poor little guy is having a dip in his blood sugar and cannot control himself. Hugs to everyone and I hope preschool gets better for everyone soon!
Sorry for the hiccups with the comments. They are all fixed now.
I guess in my mind excuses are different than sticking up for my child and his rights. Since I have been on the other side of this many times I try not to jump to conclusions and see what is going on.
Emotions are running high here with NHL and mommy/daddy. This weekend was rough, NHL did not want to cooperate for his 4 year portraits yesterday since he's SO attached to JL. He also flipped out when JL ran into the house Friday to get money to buy him something from the ice cream truck (a rare treat). Meltdown occurred and it was NOT pretty. Several neighbors thought it was because he thought he wasn't getting something, but it was JL leaving him.
No need to write a note to his teacher. She called me yesterday (per my request) and left her number to call. We talked for a while about suggestions for drop off. . . and lunch as well. She has actually been staying with the kids for 15 minutes of her lunch time to help the PreK kids. She's going to try to help with NHL more.
is the reaction as strong when its you dropping rather than JL? Does he think hes going to miss something w/ daddy possibly?
Steff: I have not dropped him off at school yet. Today was only day 4. I told his teacher that I would test it out to see if that could help us get passed this. I hope it may help since he is SO attached to JL. They have been driving buddies to work/daycare for 3 years, so this is a lot different. He isn't next to daddy's work anymore.
The lunch thing is very odd. They said he ate snack well today, so that may be why he hardly touched lunch. I think she said snack is in the morning at about 9:00 and lunch at 11:00. They are watching him and keeping me posted. I understand they can't force feed him, so there's only so much we can do. Once again he ate his lunch (refused sandwich) when he got home.
We shall see how drop off goes in the morning. Tonight at the Ice Cream Social the principal even mentioned to us she knew what was going on with me trying tomorrow(that's how she greeted us). I'm just hoping he isn't too horrible for me.


AP News and WRAL.COM are reporting that the North Carolina Legislature is hiring an investigator to examine Governor Roy Cooper's agreement with Atlantic Coast Pipeline energy partners. The agreement negotiated a $58 Million fund that was announced on the same day the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) approved a permit critical to advancing the project. The legislature has concerns about whether the money influenced permit decisions and how it may have made pipeline partners feel pressured to pay.


Dr. Kent Arbuckle started his practice in dentistry in 1966, first in Bountiful and then relocating to Centerville in 1971. His son, Dr. K. Kevin Arbuckle, joined the practice in 1996 and became a partner in 1997 and the dental practice became Arbuckle Dental, P.C. Dr. Jeffrey G. Arbuckle joined the practice and became a partner in 2002. Kent has since retired but left behind a tradition of excellence and caring. Our team is committed to creating generations of healthy smiles.


Our 50+ programs are specifically designed for adults who are 50 years of age or older. We have a variety of programs and activities to fit anyone's needs or interests.
For more information on the Centennial Recreation Senior Center, please visit our website.
SSZ048 - Learn Bridge in a Day?


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Jurgen Klopp on his new Liverpool deal: 'It wasn't my idea, but I was happy when I heard about it!'
The Reds boss put pen to paper on a six-year contract on Friday, just months after arriving at Anfield
Joe Mewis
Updated 13:36, 9 JUL 2016
Who do Liverpool need to sign to retain the title? Keep up with all the Reds news with our free daily newsletter
Jurgen Klopp has admitted he wasn't expecting to sign a new contract at Liverpool so soon after arriving.
The German only joined the Anfield club back on October, but was rewarded for a promising first season with a new six-year deal this week .
Speaking to the club's official TV channel, Klopp said joining the club had been "the biggest honour" he could imagine.
The 49-year-old conceded that the contract extension wasn't his idea but admitted: "I was quite happy when I heard about it!"
See what else Klopp had to say in the video above.
Tranmere 0-1 Liverpool: Danny Ings scores as Reds start pre-season with win - 5 things we learned
On Friday, the former Borussia Dortmund boss expressed his appreciation for the show of faith from owners Fenway Sports Group, who said it would have been "irresponsible" not to secure someone of Klopp's quality for the foreseeable future.
"When you see what happens around us, in a world where everything is changing in this moment, it is really difficult," Klopp said following Liverpool's 1-0 win over Tranmere in their first pre-season friendly last night.
"I like this sign for consistency. We have to make decisions and we made the decision to stay together.
"Usually you don't have to make the decision and you wait to see what happens.
"It was an early moment when the club asked me, I was surprised about it, I thought about it but thought it felt right, so we did it and now we are happy.
"When you talk about six years, it's a really long term. Six years in football is like 60 years so we really need to be successful in the future. That's clear.
"We need to develop the club, a lot of things.
(Image: Andrew Powell)
(Image: REUTERS)
"We're building a new stand, we think about building a new academy or bringing the academy and Melwood together, and things like this - it's much longer term than my contract.
"It's important we do the right things so this wonderful club can be successful both in these six years but later on too.
(Image: Liverpool FC via Getty)
"We are very responsible for the club, the people around."
The Reds were also boosted by news that Mamadou Sakho's anti-doping charges had been dropped by UEFA's Control, Ethics and Disciplinary Committee.
(Image: Reuters / Phil Noble)
The France defender missed the chance to play in the Europa League final and to represent France at Euro 2016 after he had been cited for taking a fat-burning substance in March, but a statement from UEFA on Friday evening confirmed that the case had been dropped.
"Following a hearing with the lawyers of the player and experts of the WADA-accredited laboratories on this case, the CEDB has decided to dismiss the case," read the statement.
"I am happy that this is finally over," said the defender. "It's been a difficult time for me but I knew I had done nothing wrong," said the defender, who it is believed will now consider taking legal action.
"I am looking forward to getting back in the team and playing again."
Liverpool v Tranmere Rovers
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Arsenal FCArsenal continued their rise up the Premier League table with a 3-0 win over Newcastle on Monday night, and Ian Wright was particularly impressed by four men including Thomas Partey and Bukayo Saka
FIFA 21The latest major update for FIFA 21, Title Update 8, is now available on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, with Title Update 7 shortly to be available on PlayStation 5, Xbox Series S and Xbox Series X.
Ex-Man Utd coach tells Donny van de Beek "there are plenty of other clubs" out there
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EurostarEurostar 'could collapse within months' as passenger numbers fall by 95%The 27-year-old service, which connects the UK to France, Brussels and Amsterdam, has seen a 95% drop in travellers since last March when the first coronavirus travel ban hit Europe
Tesco selling 'beautiful' £10 jumpers and shoppers are keen to buy them in every colour
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Baby dies from bacterial infection day after being sent home from A&E with temperature
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Paddy Doherty released from hospital days after fighting for his breath with Covid
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Tracker reveals when Storm Christoph will hit your area - as 133 flood alerts are issued for next 48hrs
British skier, 38, is among seven killed in series of deadly avalanches in Swiss Alps
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Long Lost Family parents denied son in heartless betrayal before tragedy struck again
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Our Eyes
Grace Blue is an Israeli alternative-pop artist based in Los Angeles, California.
Her music is a combination of dark emotionally driven alt-pop, alongside catchy and high energy indie.
Grace Blue's music walks a thin line between high pitched vocal melodies of anger & empowerment as well as vulnerable raw emotional lyrics that speak of issues such as self-doubt and loneliness.
Having moved from Israel to Los Angeles in 2017, her frequent appearances and release schedule has resulted in over 130,000+ YouTube views & streams, rave reviews, and a passionate global following.
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S10, E9
Talking Dead: Bonus Scene: Season 10, Episode 9
Lauren Ridloff, Michael Satrazemis and Cooper Andrews discuss the Mid-Season 10 Premiere.
Talking Dead: Highlights: Season 10, Episode 9
Lauren Ridloff, Michael Satrazemis and Cooper Andrews discuss Negan and Alpha's relationship.
Next On The Walking Dead: Season 10, Episode 10
Don't miss the next episode of The Walking Dead, Sunday, March 1 at 9/8c.
The Walking Dead: The Opening Minutes of Season 10, Episode 10
Watch the opening minutes of the next episode of The Walking Dead.
(SPOILERS) Inside The Walking Dead Mid-Season 10 Premiere: The Making of Alpha's Secret Caves
The cast and creators take fans behind the scenes of Daryl, Carol and the group's perilous journey through Alpha's walker-filled caves.
(SPOILERS) The Walking Dead Talked About Scene: Season 10, Episode 9
The group makes a final, desperate attempt to escape from Alpha's caves.
The Walking Dead Sneak Peek: Season 10, Episode 10
Daryl makes a startling discovery that could be the key to defeating Alpha. Don't miss the next episode of The Walking Dead, Sunday, March 1 at 9/8c.
The Walking Dead Sneak Peek: Season 10, Episode 9
Negan and Alpha are working together and searching for the spy in the Whisperers' midst. The Walking Dead returns Sunday at 9/8c.
The Walking Dead: The Opening Minutes of Season 10, Episode 9
Watch the opening minutes of the Mid-Season Premiere now. The Walking Dead returns Sunday, February 23 at 9/8c.
Shop TWD Universe
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The Walking Dead Daryl Graffiti Black Mug$14.95
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The Walking Dead Winter Walker Snow Globe$14.95


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Annie May Moore
Annie May Moore (1881-1931) was born in New Zealand and studied at the Elam School of Art and Design in Auckland. From about the age of 23, May was working as a portrait artist in Auckland and exhibited pen and ink drawings at the New Zealand International Exhibition of 1907. By 1908, she was in Wellington where she and her younger sister, Minnie (known as Mina, 1882-1957) established their own photographic studio. The self-taught photographers soon established a reputation for stylish portraiture and became known for their preference for dramatic lighting and high-quality bromide papers. It is said that the sisters' distinctive style came partly from May's interest in the theatre and in photographing actors, performers and visual artists. Around 1910, May relocated to Sydney and worked from a space in the Bulletin building before opening her own studio on George Street the following year. Mina joined her in Sydney around this time and there they worked together for two years, the studio's portraits typically signed with the names of both sisters. Mina moved to Melbourne to manage the studio they opened there in 1913. May remained in Sydney, working from the George Street address and later from a studio on King Street. Mina married in 1916 and following the birth of her first child two years later sold the Melbourne business to photographer Ruth Hollick (1887-1977). May married in 1915 but did not have children. She continued to practice from the Sydney studio until about 1928. She died of cancer in 1931. Among her best known works are portraits of sitters such as Thea Proctor, Alfred Deakin, Arthur Streeton, Alfred Hill and Nellie Melba. Collections of her work are held by the State Library of Victoria, the National Gallery of Victoria, and the National Gallery of Australia.
(view all 5)
Rose Scott
Annie May Moore age 32
TW Edgeworth David and Vilhjalmur Stefansson
5 portraits in the collection
May and Mina Moore photographic studio
Christopher Brennan
Sir Tannatt William Edgeworth David KBE
Alfred Hill CMG OBE
Minnie Louise Moore
Vilhjalmur Stefansson
Records held at the National Library
Search the website for more mentions of Annie May Moore


In this week's episode we catch up with Junior Mondal and Farrend Rawson as they discuss life at FGR and what they get up to on an away day.
Central defender Farrend Rawson spoke to the local media earlier today.
Forest Green Rovers head to Prenton Park for a crucial Good Friday clash with Tranmere Rovers.
Following a six-week-long price freeze on 2019/20 season tickets, we've now taken them off sale temporarily.
Manager Mark Cooper speaks with the press ahead of our Good Friday trip to Tranmere Rovers.
Forest Green Ladies lost their final game of the season in a 0-2 result against Portishead Town Ladies at Kingsway Sports Pavilion.
Forest Green lost 2-0 to Portishead Town Ladies at Kingsway Sports Pavilion in the last match of their 2018/19 South West Women's Regional Premier Division campaign.
Catch up on part one of Tuesday night's FGR Fans' Forum as chairman Dale Vince, manager Mark Cooper and CEO Henry Staelens discuss a number of key topics concerning Forest Green Rovers.