NSSA Design Practices Committee Guidelines, Engineering Ethics and Construction Litigation, Building Envelopes Trend in Litigation, Soil – Theory to Observation, Strength and Serviceability Failures in Buildings, Active Zone Depth in Unsaturated Expansive Clay Soils, and Wind Loads Under the New ASCE7-16 Guidelines (26th Building Professional Institute), Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas, Texas – May 21-24, 2018.
Construction Risk Management and Risk Shifting/Engineering Ethics 2017, Energy Performance/Managing Water/Fire Resistance of Brick Wall Systems, Swimming Pool Plan Review and Construction, Building a Better Foundation, ASD Shear Wall Capacities 2015 SDPWS/Tall Wood Structures, and Connections Design for Wood Members/Fire Resistance Design (25th Building Professional Institute), UT at Arlington, Texas – May 22-26, 2017.
Building Science – Moisture Movement in Buildings, Evaluation and Remediation of Existing Foundations, Engineering Ethics 2016/Construction Litigation, 2015 IBC Essentials for Wood Construction/2015 National Design Specification for Wood Construction, and 2015 Special Design Provisions Wind/Seismic/Wood Framed Construction Shear Wall Design (24th Building Professional Institute), UT at Arlington, Texas – May 23-27, 2016.
Shallow Foundation Design and Repair (HalfMoon Education, Inc.), The Bob Duncan Center in Arlington, Texas – February 25, 2015.
In-Depth Design and Analysis of PT Buildings (Post-Tensioning Institute, PTI), Dallas, Texas – April 2, 2014.
Unbonded PT – Level 1 and 2 Inspector (Post-Tensioning Institute, PTI), Dallas, Texas – January 24 - 26, 2014.
PCI Convention/Exhibition "Sixth-Edition PCI Handbook", Grapevine, Texas – October 25, 2006.
Wind Inspection Commercial Buildings, Foundation Inspections Commercial Buildings, and Cold-Formed Steel in Residential & Light Commercial Construction (12th Building Professional Institute), UT at Arlington, Texas – May 26 & 28, 2004.
Residential Roofing "Taking on the System" (Construction Research Center), UT at Arlington, Texas – April 21, 2004.
Strategies for Conducting Meaningful Microbial IAQ Investigations (The American Indoor Air Quality Council), Phoenix, Arizona – September 12 & 13, 2002.
Wind, Drainage, and Re-Roofing Design Requirements for Low-Sloped Roofs, Evaluation and Repair of Residential Foundations, and Design and Construction of Residential Foundations (10th Building Professional Institute), UT at Arlington, Texas – 2002.
Engineered Wood Products in Building Design and Construction, Hyatt Regency DFW, Dallas, Texas – 1999.
Foundations on Expansive Clay Soils and Geotechnical Investigation & Related Lab Tests (6th Building Professional Institute), UT at Arlington, Texas – 1998.
Forensic engineering including foundation inspection, fire damage evaluation, design error or construction defect analysis, roof damage evaluation, retaining wall damage assessment, vehicular impact damage evaluation, cause & origin, failure investigation, and others.
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text:
Unitas family at odds over movie
Published On April 8, 2013 | By Meghan Riggs
The news that Ravens quarterback Joe Flacco will play Johnny Unitas in an upcoming film has revealed an unfortunate rift within the family of the late Hall of Fame quarterback.
Joe Unitas, Johnny's son by his second marriage, co-wrote the script for the movie and is delighted to have Flacco on board. But John Unitas Jr., Johnny's son by his first marriage, and John Jr.'s son, J.C., ripped the choice of Flacco.
J.C., Johnny's grandson, called the selection of Flacco to portray his grandfather an "embarrassing choice," per his Facebook page, and he also went on to compare Flacco to Trent Dilfer.
"If you want a real movie, hire a real actor," wrote J.C. on Facebook. "My grandfather and his legacy deserves only the best, and this is not it. Has Baltimore forgotten that Trent Dilfer also won a Super Bowl while playing for Baltimore?"
According to the ClarionLedger.com, a deeper issue with the movie stems from John Unitas Jr.'s and his brother Joe's relationship.
"It is awful. The guy's a turd," John Jr. said of Joe. "He never talked to me. He never talked to any of the first five children. He's a guy that's just making money off of my father.
"They're trying to do anything on the coattails of my father's name," John said. "It's like prostituting yourself. My father would have nothing to do with it. It makes me angry, but there's nothing I can do about it until they slip up. If they start selling some things with Johnny Unitas on it, then I have legal recourse."
Joe Unitas told the Baltimore Sun the projected budget for the film is $12.8 million, and he's seeking "sponsorships" from individual fans to produce the film based on the life of Johnny Unitas, the Hall of Fame quarterback who retired from football in 1973 and died in 2002. He said part of the proceeds will go to charity.
J.C. added the following on the matter of making money off of his grandfather:
"It disgusts me that one of the sons of my grandfather would put his hands out and ask for donations to make a movie based off of a book that was mostly built off of non-factual events in my grandfather's life. Moreover, a movie of my grandfather conceptualized by a son who never saw my grandfather play a down of football."
The movie is titled "Unitas We Stand" and is expected to be in theaters in 2014.
Joe FlaccoJohnny Unitas
Meghan Riggs Meghan is a junior at Boston University majoring in broadcast journalism and minoring in communications. She has been an athlete her whole life and is a member of the Women's Ice Hockey team at BU. She is also a member of BUTV10's sports talk show, Off Sides.
Drew Brees: Athletes probably get paid too much
Shanda Sounds Off: Harlem Shake meets sports, Serena turns paparazzi
Tom Brady locks in new deal
Ravens rally to win Super Bowl

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In the 2018 elections, Republican lawmakers are torn between their ongoing pledges to repeal or oppose the health reform, and overwhelming support for its protections for people with pre-existing conditions.
Remarkably, against all the odds and years of campaign promises, most of the Affordable Care Act is still the law of the land. In 2010, the passage of the most sweeping health reform in a half century galvanized conservatives, lending to Republican victories in Congress and becoming a major contributor to the party's current dominance across all three branches of government. In the last decade of politics, even as different wings of the GOP vied bitterly for control of the party, one near-constant position among candidates has been the platform on Obamacare: repeal, and replace.
But over the years, reality has caught up to Republicans. Obamacare's insurance markets have become a standard part of the health-care infrastructure. The catastrophic vision of death panels and government-run health care that Republicans once predicted has been replaced with a reality of very real, but more banal and less frightening, issues and barriers. Several Republican governors have yielded to economic and popular pressures in expanding Medicaid programs to low-income adults, and in several other states people are forcing the issue themselves.


text:
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¿Alguna idea de que sucede aquí? resumí el código para un mejor entendimiento.
Gracias agradezco cualquier ayuda!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A white mutation of Pinot Gris found all over France having originated in Burgundy, but now mainly grown in Alsace. Pinot Blanc is technically allowed to be used in white (and very occasionally red) Burgundy. Known as Weissburgunder in Germany and Pinot Bianco in Italy.
A creamy mouthful of apples and pears. Bio-dynamic.
Fresh, white plum, orange blossom and vivid elderflower notes on the nose lead to a complex, textural component on the palate delivered by short term aging in old oak barrels. This bolsters the overall structure of the wine, adding definition and breadth to the subtle pine kernel, almond paste and citrus fruit flavours. A delicate, elegant white from Martinborough master; Larry McKenna.
Straw coloured with aroma of very fresh fruit. A well structured wine in great harmony with wood.
Fruity berry bouquet, balanced and lively with a refreshing finish.


text:
Census 2016 Summary Results – A Brief Focus on People and Housing
by Holly Treacy
The Census 2016 summary results indicate that Ireland's population in April 2016 was 4,761,865, an increase of 522,017 (12.3%) people since April 2006.
Based on this, the current average age of the population is 37.4 years, up from 35.6 years in April 2006. Interestingly, the current average number of children per family remains unchanged from 2006 which is 1.38.
Population living in urban areas has increased by 16% from 2,574,313 to 2,985,781, while population living in rural areas has also increased by 7% over the same period from 1,665,535 to 1,776,084. Below is a chart depicting the rates of growth per county.
Over the 10-year period, the number of people living in private households has risen by 13.4%, which is above the population growth rate of 12.3%. The total housing stock in the country has increased by 14.3% or 253,282 over the period from 1,769,613 in 2006 to 2,022,895 in 2016. Average household size has decreased over the same period from 2.81 persons per household to 2.75. Below is a chart depicting the rates of growth per county.
Future Analytics Consulting Ltd. (FAC) provides expertise relating to demographic and population modelling and forecasting. For further information on the Census 2016 and on projected population statistics and associated housing, employment and social infrastructure requirements please call us on 01 639 4836 or email us at info@futureanalytics.ie.
Housingcensus 2016Irish housingPopulationgrowthdemographicpopulation statistics
Dublin Luas Cross City project expected to open December 2017


Last week was a bit hectic. We are waiting for a bunch of datacenters to provide us with the test access to virtualised and hardware servers. These have to be benchmarked in order to see how they perform.
Within the last week I was following the footsteps of Pieter, learning from him and writing my first docker containers. There are a few gotchas, but the entire concept is amazing! It is probably the best IT thing that happened to me since beer. It solves "works on my machine" syndrome in most of the cases, making it extremely easy to work with software both locally and in remote environments. The experience is a lot better than Lokad.CQRS abstractions for file and Azure backends that I came up with earlier.
Eventually, while setting up the containers over and over again, we came to the conclusion that we want to automate the entire thing. Running a script to deploy new versions requires context switching which Tomas and Pieter don't like (I never been as productive in Linux as these guys, but I start feeling this too). Hence, we are thinking about using either Drone or fleet to deploy and manage containers across the cluster.
We will probably be using ubuntu 12.04 LTS for the containers (long-term support and stable code). Trying something like CoreOS for the host OS seems compelling because it is native to etcd (awesome) and fleet.
We'll see how it goes. This week is going to be about strengthening our continuous delivery story and getting more numbers from the stack in different configurations.
February 24, 2014 - by Rinat Abdullin.


The page provides the exchange rate of 820 Colombian Peso (COP) to Thai Baht (THB), sale and conversion rate. Moreover, we added the list of the most popular conversions for visualization and the history table with exchange rate diagram for 820 Colombian Peso (COP) to Thai Baht (THB) from Sunday, 21/04/2019 till Sunday, 14/04/2019. Latest update of 820 Colombian Peso (COP) exchange rate.
Convert currency 820 COP to THB. How much is 820 Colombian Peso to Thai Baht? — 8.26 Thai Baht.
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Based on wide study, Addressing Tensions and Dilemmas in Inclusive Education offers a latest and significant research of the interplay among various views and positions within the box of inclusive schooling.
the contribution of analysis to coverage and practice.
Engaging with the elemental matters within the box and delivering a coherent viewpoint that recognises and justifies the inter-connection among specialized and normal tuition provision, this obtainable and well timed e-book can be of curiosity to all researchers and scholars of inclusive education.
Interventions for college kids who convey tough habit Written via habit experts Kaye Otten and Jodie Tuttle--who jointly have forty years of expertise operating with scholars with not easy habit in lecture room settings--this publication bargains educators a pragmatic method of coping with challenge habit in faculties.
What's schooling, what's it for and what are its basic values? How can we comprehend wisdom and studying? what's our snapshot of the kid and the varsity? How does the ever extra urgent have to improve a extra simply, artistic and sustainable democratic society impact our responses to those questions?
Examensarbeit aus dem Jahr 2003 im Fachbereich Pädagogik - Heilpädagogik, Sonderpädagogik, notice: 1,0, Universität Leipzig (Institut für Förderpädagogik), Sprache: Deutsch, summary: Zentrales Thema dieser Arbeit ist die Frage danach, wie sich Motivationsprobleme bei Schülern mit Lernbehinderungen beseitigen lassen bzw.
Unprecedented scholars: getting ready lecturers for the twenty first Century presents balanced insurance of the rules of exceptionalities destiny lecturers want to know to appreciate their scholars and obligations. the second one variation has been up-to-date to mirror the function of the precise educator, whereas carrying on with to deal with the position of the final educator in serving specified populations.


text:
module formsjs {

  /**
   * Supported type validations.
   */
  export enum ValidationType {
    ARRAY = <any>"array",
    BOOLEAN = <any>"boolean",
    FLOAT = <any>"float",
    INTEGER = <any>"integer",
    STRING = <any>"string"
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Stunning views from luxury cottage in Herefordshire with four bedrooms all ensuite including two ground floor bedrooms and ramp from private parking area for less able guests.Courtyard gardens, walkers, cyclists and families welcome. Cottage recently renovated to high standard. Linen, towels, toiletries and all inclusive pricing including logs.


The team of LivOut.com would like to welcome you to our webpage. LivOut.com is an ever-growing website focused on documenting events, and getting the people involved into having a unforgettable time. We are always expanding, sharing information of upcoming concerts, artist interviews and finding the best places to hangout. Our team sheds light to amazing places for you and everyone else to constantly expand their horizons while Liv-ing-Out. Remember you are always welcome here at LivOut.com. We are Event Historians… and you just became a LivOut-ee!


With a comprehensive approach to all Due Diligence and Project Management needs, Envirotech's professional services can help reduce permit and project turnaround times, and eliminate federal and state liabilities related to abandoned hazardous waste.
Envirotech Environmental Consulting, Inc. is pleased to announce the opening of our Indoor Air Quality Division located in Milton, Delaware. Our investigation services include mold and moisture testing at schools, commercial buildings, residential and multiple family dwellings, and other various facilities located throughout the Delmarva region.
Our team of experts approach each project with the end result in mind to strategically develop individual project guidelines for client success. With a comprehensive approach to Indoor Air Quality, Envirotech is determined to maintain exceptional customer service, continuous project communication relations, and quick response times to ensure projects are completed in compliance and on time.
Our speedy response time allows for immediate results when needed. We only use certified laboratories for sample analysis, allowing for the utmost reliable data for your project.
For more information please call our office at 302-684-5201.
Phase I — ESA (ASTM E1527-13) is an assessment process conducted to identify the presence, or likely presence of past, present, or potential recognized environmental conditions on a subject property and/or surrounding properties. This initial process of a site assessment remediation is necessary for qualification of Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, & Liability Act (CERCLA) Landowner Liability Protections (LLPs).
Phase II — (ASTM E1903-11) is an environmental site assessment that may be conducted if a site is considered contaminated. This is a more detailed investigation involving chemical analysis for hazardous substances and/or petroleum hydrocarbons. EECI staff can assist our clients in leading Phase II investigations and corrective actions.
Transaction Screening is questionnaire process that is a reduced scope of work from a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ASTM Standard E 1527-05). The purpose of this process is to aid in developing information pertaining to the environmental conditions of a subject property.
EECI has Certified Construction Reviewers on staff as specified in the Delaware Sediment and Stormwater Regulations. A Certified Construction Reviewer is a private inspector of sediment and stormwater controls hired by a developer or site work contractor, when required, for review and report submittal to project stakeholders and the overseeing government agency. As a leader in stormwater management, EECI applies only the most up-to-date sediment and stormwater control practices on behalf of our client.
Wetland delineations are needed when a planned activity involves the placement of fill material in a potential wetland area. Wetland delineations are also commonly needed by land purchasers and sellers to assess the regulated and non-regulated portions of a property. Wetland delineators use their skills and experience in botany, soil science, hydrology and sampling procedures to follow federally approved wetland delineation methods to demarcate and document wetland borders.
EECI staff are experienced in working closely with regulatory agencies such as the Army Corps, Delaware Dept. of Natural Resources, Environmental Control (DNREC), Maryland Dept. of the Environment (MDE).
EECI staff can accurately determine which agency has jurisdiction in a particular situation, providing the client value in the permitting process.
EECI staff can conduct scientific studies on soil, habitat, vegetation and endangered/threatened species, which may be useful for developers, construction companies and individuals interested in determining project feasibility.
Delaware is a host to numerous rare and threatened species. One of the most commonly mentioned in Sussex County, DE, is the Delmarva Fox Squirrel (Sciurus Niger Cinereus). They generally inhabit mature forests with open understories and wet woodlands. Delmarva Fox Squirrels were listed as federally endangered in 1967 and are protected by the Endangered Species Act. The Endangered Species Act requires that development and land clearing projects which may directly and indirectly affect the Delmarva Fox Squirrel habitat must conduct a study by a state-qualified surveyor to detect the presence of Delmarva Fox Squirrels.
An important first step in comprehensive management planning is documenting existing conditions to obtain baseline reference points. These types of environmental studies may be required by the Maryland Critical Area Commission, the state of Delaware and/or any other regulatory agencies. EECI staff has the knowledge and expertise to accurately qualify and quantify ecological conditions on your site.
EECI staff can assist our clients with accurately determining bathymetry (underwater depths) as part of the regulatory permitting application process for subaqueous lands.
The state of Delaware and the Army Corps of Engineers require permits for the construction of structures in, over, or under wetlands, subaqueous lands, and filling or dredging any material in wetlands. These activities include docks, piers, marinas, bulkheads, walkways, jetties and bank/shoreline stabilization projects. When proposing to do any of these activities, an environmental consultant may be utilized to acquire the required permits.
Scientifically-based expert testimony services are available from EECI's highly trained professional staff. Expert testimony is especially important in the public hearing process.
Regulatory agency policies and comprehensive Best Management Practices are presented to homeowner associations, municipal governments, committees, and nonprofit organizations thorough demonstrations that accommodate all learning styles.


Glaucoma is a manageable eye disease with timely diagnoses and treatment. In most instances, the cause is unknown. Your risk for glaucoma goes up with family history, prior eye trauma, or use of steroids (including nasal sprays, facial creams, and oral).
The main risk factor is increased pressure within the eye, but even people with normal eye pressures can get glaucoma. There are many forms of glaucoma, but the end pathway is damage to the optic nerve. The optic nerve sends information from the eyeball to the brain. When the nerve is affected by glaucoma, vision is affected. Damage occurs occurs along a spectrum. Peripheral (side) vision is lost first followed by central vision loss. Once damage occurs, it is not possible to reverse the damage. The goal of treatment is to stabilize vision and prevent any further vision loss. Thus routine screenings and early diagnoses are crucial.
Contact us for a consultation regarding treatment for Glaucoma.
The eyeball normally maintains a balanced pressure where the production of fluid is matched to the drainage of fluid. This occurs inside the eyeball and is distinct from outside tear production. In glaucoma, the eyeball does not drain fluid as well and the eye pressure goes up. The increased pressure destroys sensitive optic nerve fibers. Thus treatment is aimed at either reduction of fluid production or increase of fluid drainage to prevent further loss. The appropriate pressure goal is determined by combination of factors, and can be achieved through the use of medications, lasers, and/or surgery.
There is a a lot of active research to find the cause of visual loss in glaucoma.
What are early signs of Glaucoma?
There are some early signs of Glaucoma you should be aware of. When the drainage angle of the eye suddenly becomes completely blocked, pressure builds up rapidly, and this is called acute angle-closure Glaucoma. The symptoms include severe eye pain, blurred vision, headache, rainbow haloes around lights,nausea and vomiting. If you feel you are experiencing any of these signs, please contact us right away to schedule an eye examination.
Can you cure my Glaucoma?
Unfortunately, the only thing that is medically available is to treat Glaucoma. Yes, Glaucoma can be treated with medication, eye drops, traditional surgery and laser surgery. All of these treatments is to prevent your loss of vision because if you lose your vision from Glaucoma, it is irreversible. If you feel that you're experiencing any of the signs mentioned earlier or if you think you may have Glaucoma, don't wait. Schedule an appointment with us right away so we can do a thorough eye exam, this exam only takes a few minutes but it can determine if you do have Glaucoma or if the symptoms is something else or nothing at all. We always recommend not taking that chance, get tested early!
Is there anything that can prevent Glaucoma?
No, there is no prevention for Galucoma. We always recommend a healthy diet, keep your blood pressure down, maintain a healthy weight, don't smoke, limit your intake of caffeine, wear protective eye gear when in the sun, eat foods that contain vitamin E and get regular comprehensive eye exams, especially if you are over the age of 40 or experience any eye problems or symptoms listed above. Don't take a chance with your vision, you can call us or request an appointment for a quick eye exam. We are here to assist and educate our locals about Glaucoma and other eye diseases.
If you experience any of these symptoms, seek immediate care from us or an ophthalmologist. Don't wait, Glaucoma is a manageable eye disease with timely diagnoses and treatment. We can help.
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THIS WEBSITE IS NOT INTENDED FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROVIDING MEDICAL ADVICE: All information, content, and material of this website is for informational purposes only and are not intended to serve as a substitute for the consultation, diagnosis, and/or medical treatment by a qualified physician or healthcare provider. Furthermore, this website is designed to educate and does not promise a specific outcome or result.
MEDICAL EMERGENCY: If you have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately.


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text:
Leptocentrus lama är en insektsart som upptäcktes av Victor Antoine Signoret. Leptocentrus lama ingår i släktet Leptocentrus, och familjen hornstritar. Inga underarter finns listade.

Källor

Hornstritar
lama

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
La questione dello status di Gerusalemme è uno dei punti nodali del processo di pace israelo-palestinese.
Tuttavia l'importanza simbolica della città per le tre grandi religioni monoteiste, unitamente alla varietà di composizione della popolazione, alla sua peculiarità storica ed all'importanza di luoghi considerati patrimonio dell'umanità, rendono la ricerca di una soluzione ancora più complessa, allargando lo scenario del problema all'intera comunità internazionale.

Per quanto riguarda il processo di pace, negli ultimi due decenni sono stati fatti importanti tentativi per definire uno status permanente della regione, e dunque in particolare di Gerusalemme; tuttavia, i complessi negoziati fra Israele ed ANP/OLP, seguendo il principio del nothing is agreed until everything is agreed («nessun accordo finché non c'è un accordo su tutto»), finora non hanno portato ad alcun accordo. Per contro, l'amministrazione e la fruibilità dei luoghi sacri sono state finora regolamentate da atti unilaterali di Israele o da accordi bilaterali tra questo ed enti religiosi; ma si tratta sostanzialmente di soluzioni ad hoc: il quadro generale rimane incompleto e provvisorio - se non addirittura insoddisfacente per alcune delle parti. Da un punto di vista simbolico i due aspetti del problema, segnatamente la questione israelo-palestinese e la questione dei luoghi sacri, si intrecciano indissolubilmente nella annosa disputa su Monte del Tempio/Spianata delle Moschee; la complessità dei legami tra le questioni politiche, nazionali, etniche e religiose rende particolarmente difficile la ricerca di una soluzione basata solo sul diritto internazionale.

Allo stato attuale Israele ha il controllo di tutta la città, tuttavia su Gerusalemme ci sono posizioni molto divergenti:

 Israele rivendica l'intera Gerusalemme, inclusa Gerusalemme Est, come la sua "completa e unita" capitale; secondo la giurisprudenza israeliana, Gerusalemme è la capitale de facto dello stato di Israele;
 L'ANP rivendica Gerusalemme (in arabo al-Quds, ossia "la Santa") come capitale del futuro stato arabo di Palestina;
 de iure, la maggior parte dei membri dell'ONU e delle organizzazioni internazionali non riconosce l'annessione ad Israele di Gerusalemme Est, né riconosce Gerusalemme come capitale di stato; la maggior parte delle ambasciate estere in Israele si trova nel distretto di Tel Aviv.

Aspetti della controversia

Gerusalemme città sacra
Gerusalemme - in particolare la sua città vecchia - ha caratteristiche uniche rispetto ad altri territori contesi, poiché sacra per i fedeli di tre religioni:
 storico simbolo della patria ebraica, luogo dove fu eretto il Tempio di Gerusalemme (l'edificio sacro più importante per la religione ebraica), nonché capitale del Regno di Giuda e Israele dal 1000 a.C. circa e del Regno di Giuda dal 933 a.C. al 597 a.C.;
 sacra per i cristiani poiché luogo in cui per loro Gesù Cristo ha vissuto e sofferto gli ultimi momenti della propria vita terrena, è stato sepolto e poi è risorto;
 sacra per i musulmani in quanto essi sostengono che Maometto vi sia giunto al termine d'un miracoloso viaggio notturno (isrāʾ) per ascendere poi al cielo pur rimanendo vivo (miʿraj).
Nel tempo questa sua peculiarità ha finito per determinare una profonda eterogeneità dal punto di vista etnico: una comunità ebraica è in Gerusalemme da migliaia di anni; nei primi secoli del cristianesimo Gerusalemme divenne il quarto patriarcato, e per secoli svariate chiese cristiane (in particolare quelle di rito orientale, la cui differenziazione è in qualche modo uno specchio della differenziazione etnica) hanno ininterrottamente conservato un proprio presidio in loco; per oltre mille anni, sebbene senza soluzione di continuità (a causa delle conquiste crociate) la città è stata prima araba poi ottomana.

Sebbene possa riguardare un'area relativamente poco estesa rispetto alle dimensioni dell'attuale municipaltà gerosolimitana, la problematica relativa ai luoghi sacri ha un'enorme importanza dal punto di vista simbolico per ciascuna delle tre religioni abramitiche.
La questione prettamente legata all'esercizio del culto - fruibilità, controllo, proprietà (da parte di soggettività private) dei luoghi sacri, ecc. - è di natura più che altro amministrativa; in generale Israele ha sempre dichiarato di voler rispettare le libertà di culto e pellegrinaggio, rappresentando l'attuazione di un atteggiamento sostanzialmente tollerante verso i vari credi come uno dei fiori all'occhiello delle sue politiche. Particolare importanza ha rivestito la decisione di rinnovare la validità dello Status Quo, che disciplina l'utilizzo dei luoghi più sacri per la cristianità.
Tuttavia la questione è intrinsecamente relata ai piani politico, giuridico e diplomatico, da un lato coinvolgendo altri soggetti internazionali, tra cui la Santa Sede, dall'altro i luoghi sacri essendo stati più volte oggetto di atti legislativi, dichiarazioni d'intenti e risoluzioni da parte di diversi enti. La stessa idea di internazionalizzazione, prima abbozzata da varie commissioni britanniche, poi adottata nel piano di partizione dell'ONU, ha le sue radici - prim'ancora che nella particolare composizione etnica - proprio nella sua natura di città sacra.

Sovranità e riconoscimento internazionale
Di fondamentale rilevanza nel contesto del processo di pace e della determinazione dello status permanente della zona, è il problema della sovranità territoriale.

Gerusalemme per due volte è stata teatro di guerra tra arabi ed israeliani, e nel tempo diversi soggetti del diritto internazionale hanno avuto il controllo e/o rivendicato la propria sovranità su una parte o sulla totalità della città; in particolare, negli ultimi vent'anni le rivendicazioni dei due attori principali, Israele e l'OLP-ANP, sono risultate finora inconciliabili; la posizione prevalente della comunità internazionale è quella di ritenere acquisita la sovranità di Israele sulla settore occidentale della città, e di considerare il settore orientale (al pari del resto della Cisgiordania) territorio occupato su cui vige la IV convenzione di Ginevra del 1949, con Israele potenza occupante.

La sovranità di Israele su Gerusalemme Ovest si è ormai considerata un fait accompli dalla comunità internazionale; questa idea è rintracciabile anche nei comportamenti dei paesi arabi e dalla stessa ANP. Rispetto a Gerusalemme Est la posizione internazionale è stata molto meno acquiescente, in ragione della norma che vieta ogni annessione ottenuta con l'uso della forza.

I documenti ufficiali delle Nazioni Unite sulla questione sono molto numerosi; in particolare per quanto riguarda Gerusalemme Est sono significative le risoluzioni: SC-298 del 25 settembre 1971, SC-476 del 30 giugno 1980, SC-478 del 20 agosto 1980, GA-48/158 D del 20 dicembre 1993, AG-52/65 ed AG-52/66 del 10 dicembre 1997. La Corte internazionale di giustizia ha definito, nel caso della parte orientale della città, Israele quale potenza occupante.

Un aspetto del problema, di natura diplomatica e politica, riguarda il riconoscimento internazionale della proclamazione di Gerusalemme a capitale dello Stato di Israele; sin dal 1949-50 lo stato di Israele ha proclamato Gerusalemme - o meglio il settore ovest di Gerusalemme, a quel tempo controllato da Israele - sua capitale; la reazione della comunità internazionale a quella decisione fu in generale orientata su una posizione di non riconoscimento; il problema si è aggravato quando, dopo che nel 1967 Israele ebbe assunto il controllo della Cisgiordania, e successivamente varato una serie di provvedimenti volti ad unificare l'amministrazione della municipalità, nel 1980 la Knesset ha proclamato la città "completa e unita" capitale di Israele; poiché questo atto venne interpretato come una forma di annessione de jure di Gerusalemme Est, il Consiglio di Sicurezza dell'ONU deplorò immediatamente quella decisione e la comunità internazionale si è successivamente orientata in maniera ancora più unanime verso il non riconoscimento. Attualmente solo l'ambasciata statunitense si trova entro i confini della regione attorno alla città per cui il piano di Partizione avrebbe previsto l'internazionalizzazione.
Tali posizioni da parte della comunità internazionale volte a non riconoscere l'annessione territoriale di Gerusalemme Est allo stato di Israele, sono generalmente interpretate dalla pubblicistica e dalla stessa diplomazia israeliana anche come un atto di non riconoscimento politico dello status di capitale della città. Il 6 dicembre 2017 il presidente statunitense Donald Trump ha ufficialmente riconosciuto Gerusalemme come capitale dello stato di Israele e l'ambasciata statunitense è stata spostata da Tel Aviv a Gerusalemme il 14 Maggio 2018.

Storia

Riepilogo storico a partire dal mandato Britannico
Le controversie internazionali sullo status della città risalgono alla fine del Mandato, che i britannici avevano ricevuto dalla Società delle Nazioni nel 1922. A partire dal 1936 il Regno Unito iniziò a prendere in considerazione la soluzione a due stati; furono proposti diversi piani di partizione per la Palestina (Commissione Peel nel 1937, Commissione Woodhead del 1938 e Conferenza di St. James del 1939), che non ebbero alcun esito; in tutte queste ipotesi di divisione il territorio di Gerusalemme e parte della regione circostante (principalmente in direzione del mare) rimanevano comunque sotto il controllo mandatario.

Il mandato formalmente cessò con lo scioglimento della Società delle Nazioni, ma i britannici continuarono ad amministrare la regione. Nell'impossibilità di mediare tra le ambizioni arabe ed ebraiche, ed in conseguenza delle crescenti tensioni, nel febbraio 1947 i britannici annunciarono la propria volontà di disimpegnarsi:

così la questione fu rimessa nelle mani delle neonate ONU.

Il regime internazionale (corpus separatum), originariamente previsto dall'ONU per la città di Gerusalemme nel quadro del Piano di partizione della Palestina cisgiordana, venne formalizzato nella risoluzione 181 dell'Assemblea generale delle Nazioni Unite, approvata il 29 novembre 1947. La popolazione della città di Gerusalemme, in base alle stime dell'UNSCOP (il comitato dell'ONU che aveva analizzato la situazione in Palestina ed aveva quindi proposto la soluzione a due stati poi adottata con la risoluzione 181) relativi alla fine del 1946, era composta da 100.000 ebrei (pari al 49% della popolazione cittadina) e 105.000 persone di origine araba o differente (51%). La popolazione di Gerusalemme era all'incirca l'11% della popolazione totale della Palestina del 1946, stimata in 1.846.559 abitanti, di cui 65% arabi e 33% ebrei.

All'indomani dell'approvazione del piano, accettato, con poche eccezioni, da parte ebraica e respinto sia da parte degli arabi di Palestina che dai paesi arabi, scoppiò una guerra civile che finì poi per coinvolgere tutti gli stati della regione; la guerra si concluse nella primavera del 1949 con accordi armistiziali bilaterali stipulati tra Israele e le controparti egiziana, giordana, libanese e siriana. Le linee di demarcazione tra Israele e gli stati limitrofi sancite in questi accordi, che inevitabilmente ricalcavano le posizioni dei vari eserciti al momento del cessate il fuoco, erano - ad eccezione di quella col Libano - pensate come provvisorie, e non avrebbero in alcun modo costituito alcun tipo di vincolo per la determinazione delle future linee di confine de jure. In particolare, Gerusalemme era attraversata dalla linea di demarcazione tra Giordania ed Israele: la parte ovest della città, comprendente le zone di più recente edificazione, ed a maggioranza ebraica, era sotto il controllo dello Stato di Israele, mentre la parte est, comprendente la città vecchia, ed a maggioranza araba, era sotto controllo del Regno di Giordania.

L'11 maggio 1949 Israele fu ammesso nelle Nazioni Unite, mediante una risoluzione che richiamava esplicitamente la 181, e prendeva nota degli impegni in proposito presi dal rappresentante israeliano.

Il 9 dicembre 1949 l'ONU ribadì l'internazionalizzazione di Gerusalemme nella risoluzione 303 dell'Assemblea generale, che però Israele giudicò irricevibile. La città fu dunque proclamata capitale di Israele nel dicembre 1949, e dall'inizio del 1950 Israele vi trasferì gli uffici istituzionali.

Dal 1948 al 1967, la città è stata divisa in due zone, fino a quando, in seguito alla guerra dei sei giorni, Israele acquisì il controllo dell'intera città.

Il 30 luglio 1980 il parlamento israeliano promulgò la cosiddetta Jerusalem Law, una legge fondamentale (un atto legislativo che, negli stati dotati di una costituzione, va considerato equipollente ad un atto costituzionale) che era una proclamazione de jure della capitalità della città "completa ed unita".

Tali proclamazioni non sono state riconosciute come valide dalle maggiori autorità internazionali, e sono state condannate da Risoluzioni ONU non vincolanti e sentenze di corti internazionali, poiché la città di Gerusalemme comprende territori non riconosciuti come israeliani dal diritto internazionale. La Corte internazionale di giustizia ha confermato nel 2004 che i territori occupati dallo Stato di Israele oltre la "Linea Verde" del 1967 continuano ad essere "territori occupati" e dunque con essi anche la parte est di Gerusalemme.

Nel maggio 2007, in occasione dei festeggiamenti per il quarantesimo anniversario della riunificazione della città, ha creato sconcerto nel mondo politico israeliano l'assenza di rappresentanze diplomatiche alla cerimonia di Stato. Il primo a declinare l'invito fu il rappresentante tedesco, seguito da quello statunitense. Il sindaco Lupolianski reagì rifiutando la necessità di un riconoscimento internazionale, mentre membri della Knesset auspicarono che lo status di capitale potesse essere internazionalmente riconosciuto in futuro

Gerusalemme nel processo di pace
La questione Gerusalemme è stata un punto critico sin dai colloqui israelo-egiziani del 1978. Nella preparazione della cornice di pace presentata in quel contesto, in riferimento allo status di Gerusalemme Est Begin aveva respinto con forza l'etichetta di "territori occupati il cui status definitivo sarebbe stato da negoziare". Il mediatore propose quindi un accordo secondo il quale sarebbe stata adottata una formula più vaga, facendo «riferimento, senza citarli, a precedenti prese di posizione [americane] in cui Gerusalemme Est era definita "territorio sotto occupazione", soggetto alla Convenzione di Ginevra del 1949».

Nelle fasi iniziali delle trattative tra Israele ed OLP il problema fu posposto. In particolare alla firma della Dichiarazione di princìpi con Arafat il 13 settembre del 1993, il leader israeliano Rabin, ben conscio della difficoltà della questione, decise di rimandare i negoziati sulla città "a tempi migliori".

La spinta maggiore alla convocazione del Summit di Camp David del 2000 fu, da parte statunitense, proprio l'apprendere delle inaspettate concessioni che il premier israeliano Barak si era dichiarato disponibile a concedere riguardo a Gerusalemme Est; tuttavia proprio sulla Città Santa si manifestarono contrasti tra i più accesi, che impedirono il raggiungimento di un accordo: veti reciproci impedirono lo "storico passo" e contribuirono allo scoppio della seconda intifada.

L'anno successivo al Summit di Taba Israele, pur aumentando significativamente le concessioni sulla Cisgiordania, mantenne la stessa linea su Gerusalemme e sul problema dei rifugiati, dunque si pervenne nuovamente ad un nulla di fatto.

Sia a Camp David che a Taba, la divisione del Monte del Tempio, simbolo di identità nazionale oltre che religiosa per entrambi i popoli, sembra aver costituito l'elemento di più difficile conciliazione.

Posizione di Israele
Alcuni giuristi israeliani sostengono che la sovranità di Israele su Gerusalemme Est e sull'intera Cisgiordania è legittima dal momento che la Giordania non aveva precedentemente alcuna legittima sovranità su quei territori, e pertanto Israele ha legittimamente proceduto a "riempire quel vuoto" quando fu attaccato dalla Giordania nel corso della guerra dei sei giorni. La sovranità israeliana su "Gerusalemme Ovest" è risultato di un simile "vuoto" venuto a determinarsi al termine del Mandato britannico della Palestina, laddove anche durante la guerra arabo-israeliana del 1948 le azioni delle forze ebraiche in quel quadrante furono di autodifesa.

Nel 1980, la Knesset ha approvato una Legge Fondamentale, che ha il valore di un principio costituzionale, essendo Israele uno stato a costituzione non scritta. La legge del 1980 ha il nome di "Legge Fondamentale: Gerusalemme capitale di Israele" che proclama Gerusalemme la capitale ufficiale dello stato. La legge ha quattro articoli; primo: "Gerusalemme, unita ed indivisibile, è la capitale di Israele"; secondo: "Gerusalemme è la sede del capo di stato, della Knesset, del governo e della suprema corte"; il terzo tratta della protezione dei "Luoghi Sacri" mentre il quarto di faccende amministrative.

In accordo con la legge del 1980, tutti gli organi sovrani di Israele sono situati a Gerusalemme.

Posizione palestinese
I palestinesi rivendicano Gerusalemme (al-Quds) come capitale di un futuro Stato palestinese. Nella Dichiarazione di Indipendenza della Palestina, proclamata dall'OLP nel 1988, si stabilisce che Gerusalemme deve essere la capitale dello Stato di Palestina.

Nel 2000 l'ANP ha promulgato una legge che designa Gerusalemme Est come tale, e nel 2002 questa legge è stata ratificata dal presidente Arafat. Secondo il ministero dell'Informazione dell'ANP, la posizione ufficiale su Gerusalemme include questi punti:
 Gerusalemme Est è un territorio occupato, in accordo con la risoluzione 242 del Consiglio di Sicurezza dell'ONU, ed è parte di quel territorio su cui uno Stato palestinese, quando sarà creato, eserciterà la sua sovranità.
 Secondo i trattati precedentemente stipulati con Israele, lo status di Gerusalemme (tutta, non solo Gerusalemme Est) è ancora da negoziare.
 Gerusalemme deve essere città aperta liberamente accessibile, e rimanere indivisa a prescindere dalla soluzione sulla questione della sovranità.
 Lo Stato palestinese si impegnerà per la libertà di culto ed agirà in modo da proteggere i luoghi di importanza religiosa.

Presso l'Orient House, a Gerusalemme Est, è stata operativa, semi-clandestinamente negli anni '80 e apertamente negli anni '90, la sede locale dell'OLP, successivamente ufficio di Faysal al-Husayni, ministro per le Questioni di Gerusalemme dell'ANP. La sede, ultima istituzione palestinese funzionante a Gerusalemme, è stata chiusa dalle autorità israeliane nell'agosto 2001, il giorno seguente ad un attentato terroristico rivendicato sia da Hamas che dalla Jihad Islamica.

Posizione del Regno di Giordania
La Giordania ha avuto il controllo de facto della Cisgiordania, e dunque della parte est della città, nel periodo che va dagli accordi armistiziali del 1949 sino alla guerra dei sei giorni del 1967. Nel 1950 il Regno di Giordania decise l'annessione della Cisgiordania, ottenendo scarso riconoscimento internazionale.
Il 31 luglio 1988 Re Hussein di Giordania annunciò ufficialmente il disimpegno giordano, dunque la cessazione da parte giordana di ogni obbligo amministrativo sulla Cisgiordania, esprimendo altresì l'auspicio che, in accordo col principio di autodeterminazione dei popoli, su quelle stesse terre potesse sorgere uno stato palestinese. La posizione giordana sulla West Bank, e di conseguenza sulla parte Est di Gerusalemme, resta di difficile interpretazione, in particolare non c'è accordo sulle implicazioni di quella dichiarazione a proposito delle rivendicazioni di sovranità.

Posizione dell'ONU

Le Nazioni Unite tramite i propri organi si sono espresse riguardo allo status di Gerusalemme in diverse occasioni.
In previsione del termine del mandato britannico della Palestina, una prima relazione, affidata all'UNSCOP, comitato costituito appositamente nel 1947 per elaborare il piano di partizione della Palestina, raccomandò la creazione di una zona internazionale nella quale la città fosse compresa. Il 29 novembre l'Assemblea generale adottò il piano tramite la risoluzione 181, non vincolante, specificando come la città di Gerusalemme dovrà essere instaurata come corpus separatum sotto un regime speciale internazionale e dovrà essere amministrata dalle Nazioni Unite.

Sei successive risoluzioni del Consiglio di Sicurezza dell'ONU hanno denunciato o dichiarato non validi i tentativi di Israele di controllare e/o unificare la città; tuttavia nessuna di esse fa capo al Capitolo VII dello Statuto delle Nazioni Unite; questo tipo di risoluzioni, oltre a non poter essere rese esecutive con l'uso della forza, sono in genere ritenute non vincolanti dal punto di vista del diritto internazionale.
In particolare con la risoluzione non vincolante n. 478 del 1980 (passata con 14 voti favorevoli e l'astensione degli USA) il Consiglio di Sicurezza ha:
 dichiarato la legge fondamentale del 1980 "nulla e priva di valore legale, e da ritirarsi immediatamente" perché mirante ad "alterare la natura e lo status di Gerusalemme";
 invitato tutti gli stati membri ad accettare questa decisione;
 invitato quegli stati membri con delle missioni diplomatiche a Gerusalemme a ritirarle da lì.

Prima della risoluzione i paesi che avevano stabilito la loro ambasciata a Gerusalemme erano 13: Bolivia, Cile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Paesi Bassi, Panama, Repubblica Dominicana, Uruguay, Venezuela. Accogliendo la risoluzione tutti spostarono la loro ambasciata a Tel Aviv. Costa Rica ed El Salvador trasferirono nuovamente le rispettive ambasciate a Gerusalemme nel 1984, per poi riportarle a Tel Aviv nel 2006. Al momento nessuna ambasciata internazionale è a Gerusalemme, benché quelle di Paraguay e Bolivia sono a Mevaseret Zion, un sobborgo 10 km ad ovest della città.

Il Congresso degli Stati Uniti ha richiesto da diversi anni lo spostamento dell'ambasciata USA da Tel Aviv a Gerusalemme, ma nessuno dei governi succedutisi ha messo in atto la decisione.
Su 83 ambasciate presenti nel 2008 in Israele, 64 (77%) si trovano a Tel Aviv, 10 (12%) a Ramat Gan (città presso Tel Aviv), 5 (6%) a Herzliya (città presso Tel Aviv), 2 (2,4%) a Herzliya Pituah (sobborgo marino di Herzliya), 2 (2,4%) a Mevaseret Zion (un insediamento israeliano retto da un Local council, ente amministrativo territoriale - ve ne sono 144 in Israele - simile in struttura a un municipio, ma non ancora tale, non raggiungendo la popolazione minima necessaria per esserlo secondo la legge israeliana; si trova nel Distretto di Gerusalemme, a circa 10 km dalla città di Gerusalemme, lungo l'autostrada che la collega a Tel Aviv). In totale, 81 ambasciate su 83 (97,6%) si trovano nel Distretto di Tel Aviv e solo due (Paraguay e Bolivia) in quello di Gerusalemme, ma fuori dalla città di Gerusalemme. (Fonte).

I Paesi Bassi conservano un ufficio a Gerusalemme. Grecia, Italia, Regno Unito e Stati Uniti hanno a Gerusalemme dei Consolati Generali - il Console Generale prende contatto con l'amministrazione locale di Gerusalemme e non con le autorità politiche israeliane. Dal momento che il presidente riceve gli accrediti dei diplomatici stranieri e risiede a Gerusalemme, per presentare le proprie credenziali, all'atto dell'assunzione del loro incarico, gli ambasciatori devono recarsi da Tel Aviv a Gerusalemme.

Ancora il 7 ottobre 2000 il Consiglio di Sicurezza delle Nazioni Unite approvando la Risoluzione 1322 (2000) ha confermato come le precedenti Risoluzioni 476 (1980) del 30 giugno 1980, 478 (1980) del 20 agosto 1980, 672 (1990) del 12 ottobre 1990 e 1073 (1996) del 28 settembre 1996, e "tutte le proprie altre Risoluzioni rilevanti" restino in vigore, nonostante siano non vincolanti. La medesima Risoluzione, riferendosi a fatti avvenuti a "Gerusalemme" (senza limitarne l'estensione alla sola Gerusalemme Est), definisce Israele "Potenza occupante" e la richiama - come tale - ai propri obblighi ex IV convenzione di Ginevra; tale posizione è stata riaffermata dalla Corte internazionale di giustizia in una sua opinione ufficialmente espressa nel 2004. Le Risoluzioni richiamate, in particolare la Risoluzione 478, richiamando altre precedenti Risoluzioni in materia, afferma a propria volta - in termini netti ed in base al Diritto Internazionale plasmato dallo stesso Statuto delle Nazioni Unite - che è (Ris. CdS 476) "inammissibile l'acquisizione di territorio con la forza" (avvenuta, nel caso di Gerusalemme, a seguito della guerra dei sei giorni) e, censurandone nei termini più severi i contenuti, stabilisce che tutte le misure amministrative e legislative intraprese da Israele e volte ad alterare lo status di Gerusalemme, inclusa la "legge base" Israeliana che dichiara Gerusalemme quale propria capitale, costituiscono una "violazione del Diritto internazionale" e, pertanto, sono dichiarate "nulle e prive di validità" e "da rescindere". Conseguentemente, il Consiglio di Sicurezza dell'ONU ha richiamato tutti i membri ONU a "(a) accettare tale decisione e (b) a ritirare le proprie missioni diplomatiche presso Israele che fossero presenti a Gerusalemme". Tale ritiro è effettivamente avvenuto, anche di quegli Stati che avevano proprie ambasciate presso Israele a Gerusalemme. Il 21 dicembre 2017 L'Assemblea generale delle Nazioni Unite si è espressa contro la decisione statunitense di spostare l'ambasciata USA a Gerusalemme: sebbene il voto dell'Assemblea generale non sia vincolante, ha comunque una forte impatto politico.

La mancanza di una capitale di Israele riconosciuta come tale dall'ONU è rimarcata nella stessa cartografia da esso prodotta e distribuita, che non indica alcun centro quale capitale d'Israele (come ad esempio questa mappa del 2004 ove, pur non impegnando il Segretariato delle Nazioni Unite rispetto ai suoi contenuti, Gerusalemme è segnata semplicemente come "città" sede di "distretto", laddove Amman e Damasco sono segnate come "capitali" dei rispettivi Stati; vedi anche mappa del Mediterraneo sudorientale e mappa del Medio Oriente).

Posizione dell'Unione europea
Secondo l'Unione europea la complessa questione di Gerusalemme dovrebbe essere equamente risolta nel contesto della soluzione a due stati proposta dalla Road Map (di cui è uno dei quattro proponenti), tenendo conto degli interessi politici e religiosi di tutte le parti coinvolte.

Posizione degli Stati Uniti
Il legislativo degli Stati Uniti d'America ha più volte preso posizione in merito alla questione.

Nel 1990 il Congresso ha adottato all'unanimità la risoluzione congiunta 106 del Senato che dichiara che il Congresso "crede fortemente che Gerusalemme deve restare una città indivisa, in cui i diritti di ogni gruppo etnico e religioso sono protetti"; questa affermazione è stata ribadita nel 1992 nella risoluzione congiunta 113 del Senato, approvata all'unanimità da Senato e Camera dei Rappresentanti; nel giugno 1993, 257 membri della Camera dei Rappresentanti hanno cofirmato una petizione al Segretario di Stato asserendo che "il trasferimento dell'ambasciata americana a Gerusalemme non deve avvenire oltre il 1999", mentre nel marzo 1995, 93 membri del Senato hanno cofirmato una petizione sempre al Segretario di Stato per l'implementazione urgente di quel trasferimento.

Nel 1995 il Congresso ha approvato il Jerusalem Embassy Act in cui il Congresso, richiamando i precedenti sopra elencati, prende atto che:

e dichiara che:

Da allora ogni sei mesi lo spostamento dell'ambasciata da Tel Aviv viene rinviato dal Presidente, ogni volta ribadendo che il "Governo conferma l'impegno a dare inizio al processo di trasferimento a Gerusalemme della nostra ambasciata".
Come effetto dell'Embassy Act, sia i documenti ufficiali che i siti web ufficiali degli Stati Uniti fanno riferimento a Gerusalemme come alla capitale di Israele.

Nel 2003 è stato ribadito che:

Tuttavia, i due presidenti degli Stati Uniti sinora succedutisi hanno sostenuto che le decisioni del Congresso riguardo allo status di Gerusalemme sono meramente "consultive"; in particolare, a proposito della sopracitata sezione 214 del Foreign Relations Authorization Act, George W. Bush ha sostenuto che:

La costituzione degli USA assegna la conduzione della politica estera al Presidente, ma il Congresso ha il cosiddetto "potere della borsa", ovvero vara le finanziarie e potrebbe pertanto vietare spese su ogni ambasciata eventualmente situata al di fuori di Gerusalemme. Al momento il Congresso non ha compiuto questo passo.

A Gerusalemme il Dipartimento di Stato dispiega un Consolato Generale.

Sul passaporto dei cittadini americani nati a Gerusalemme, in corrispondenza della voce relativa al loro paese natio compare l'indicazione "Jerusalem" in luogo di "Israel". Il Congresso nel 2002 ha approvato un disegno di legge per permettere ai cittadini americani di scegliere la dicitura "Israel" in relazione al paese di nascita; ma il Presidente non ha implementato queste disposizioni, giudicando l'atto consultivo e non impegnativo. Un simile disegno di legge fu proposto alla Camera dei Rappresentanti nel febbraio 2007, ma in data giugno 2007 non è ancora stato messo ai voti.

Il 5 giugno 2007 la Camera dei Rappresentanti ha approvato con voto espresso a voce la risoluzione congiunta 152, affermando che il Congresso:

 si congratula con i cittadini di Israele per il quarantesimo anniversario della guerra dei Sei Giorni, in cui Israele ha sconfitto i suoi nemici che ambivano a distruggere lo Stato Ebraico;
 si congratula con gli abitanti di Gerusalemme e con il popolo di Israele per il quarantesimo anniversario della riunificazione di tale storica città;
 esprime apprezzamento verso gli stati di Egitto e Giordania, allora schierati contro Israele nella guerra dei sei giorni, per aver avuto negli anni a seguire la saggezza ed il coraggio di abbracciare una prospettiva di pace e coesistenza con Israele;
 esprime apprezzamento nei confronti di Israele per il modo in cui la città indivisa di Gerusalemme è stata amministrata negli ultimi 40 anni, durante i quali Israele ha garantito i diritti di tutti i gruppi religiosi;
 ribadisce il suo impegno riguardo agli accordi contenuti nel Jerusalem Embassy Act del 1995, ed invita il Presidente e tutti gli Stati dell'Unione ad attenersi ad essi;
 richiama i Palestinesi ed i paesi Arabi ad unirsi ad Israele nei negoziati di pace per risolvere il conflitto Arabo-Israeliano, inclusa la realizzazione della prospettiva di due stati democratici, Israele e Palestina, che vivano fianco a fianco in pace e sicurezza.

Questa risoluzione è una proposta legislativa che non richiede la firma del Presidente ma non ha valore di legge.

Il 6 dicembre 2017 il Presidente degli Stati Uniti, Donald Trump, ha dato mandato al Dipartimento di Stato di organizzare il trasferimento dell'Ambasciata degli USA, da Tel Aviv a Gerusalemme.

Altre posizioni notevoli

Santa Sede
La Santa Sede si è più volte espressa a favore di soluzioni che prevedano Gerusalemme come città internazionale sotto il controllo dell'ONU o di istituzioni legate a questa. Papa Pio XII fu tra i primi a portare avanti una simile proposta, fin dalla sua enciclica Redemptoris Nostri Cruciatus del 1949, e questa posizione fu successivamente ribadita durante i pontificati di Giovanni XXIII, Paolo VI e Giovanni Paolo II.

Possibili soluzioni

Nel tempo sono state avanzate moltissime possibili soluzioni per la questione, alcune delle quali particolarmente creative.

Note

Bibliografia

Libri

Pubblicazioni

Voci correlate
 Gerusalemme
 Gerusalemme Est
 Gerusalemme Ovest
 Israele
 Autorità Nazionale Palestinese

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Documenti delle Nazioni Unite
Risoluzioni dell'Assemblea generale delle Nazioni Unite
 Risoluzione 181 - 29 novembre 1947
 Risoluzione 194 III - Palestine—Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator - 11 dicembre 1948
  Palestine: Question of an international regime for the Jerusalem area and the protection of the Holy Places - 9 dicembre 1949
 Risoluzione 2253 ES-V - Measures taken by Israel to change the status of the City of Jerusalem - 4 luglio 1967
  - 11 febbraio 1997
  - 9 dicembre 1997
  - 2 dicembre 1998
  - 1º dicembre 1999
  - 3 dicembre 2001
  - 14 febbraio 2003
  - 15 dicembre 2003
  - 31 gennaio 2005
  - 10 febbraio 2006
  - 29 gennaio 2007
  - 21 gennaio 2008

Risoluzioni del Consiglio di sicurezza
 Risoluzione 267 - Jerusalem - Israel to rescind all Measures taken which may tend to change the status of the City/Security Council to reconvene - 3 luglio 1969
  - Jerusalem/Israel to rescind measures which may change the status of the City - 25 settembre 1971
 Risoluzione 446 Israeli settlements - Establishment of settlements to cease, no legal validity/ Israel not to transfer own population/ Commission to be appointed - 22 marzo 1979
  Jerusalem/Concern over Knesset steps/Necessity to end occupation/Israel to abide by SecCo resns - 30 giugno 1980
 Risoluzione 605 - 22 dicembre 1987

Studi e materiale divulgativo

 DPR Study - The Status of Jerusalem New York, 1997
 Le statut de Jérusalem
 The status of Jerusalem in The Question of Palestine & the United Nations, (Marzo 2003)

Studi accademici
 Lo Status di Gerusalemme nel diritto internazionale, articolo di Ugo Villani, docente di Diritto internazionale alla Luiss di Roma
 Jerusalem — Past, present and future, articolo di Ruth Lapidoth, docente di Diritto internazionale presso il Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies

Altri collegamenti
Studio del Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs sulla divisione di Gerusalemme. Nadav Shagrai, "Jerusalem: The Dangers of Division. An Alternative to Separation from the Arab Neighborhoods" (2008):

Gerusalemme
Territori contesi
Conflitti arabo-israeliani


Police say he has Alzheimer's and dementia.
Police are searching for 74-year-old Keith Evans, who has Alzheimer's and dementia and went missing from his South Windsor home Thursday afternoon.
The 74-year-old South Windsor resident who went missing from his home Thursday afternoon has been found in Groton and got into a minor car accident there, according to police.
Keith Evans, who has Alzheimer's and demetintia, was reported missing around 2:50 p.m. Police said his wife woke up from a nap to find that Evans had taken the car keys and left their home on Cinnamon Spring.
Police said Evans was considered "very much" endangered and is often confused and disoriented. He was not seriously injured in the crash.
Evans was wearing a blue T-shirt, gray pants and sneakers when he went missing. He stands 6 feet 2 inches tall, weighs 200 pounds and has gray hair and hazel eyes, according to police.
He was believed to be driving a 2006 gray Honda CRV with Connecticut plates 603-YAT.
Anyone with information is urged to call South Windsor police at 860-644-2551.


text:
Cyberattacks, not economy, could cripple banks in the future
A new report from KPMG suggests that cyberattacks might cause the next banking crisis -- rather than a poor global economy.
By Charlie Osborne for Zero Day | August 20, 2013 -- 10:32 GMT (03:32 PDT) | Topic: Banking
The next major industry shock the banking sector will face could be cybercrime rather than economic issues, according to consultancy firm KPMG.
The Bank Performance Benchmarking Report says that the banking industry has addressed a number of problems caused by the 2008 recession, with the U.K.'s top five banks "starting to get back on track."
Although investment health is still only half of what it was in 2005, lending and deposits grew in the first half of 2013. Cyberattacks and the threat of digital warfare mean that financial institutions may be left unprotected and vulnerable -- which in turn places consumers at risk and could potentially damage these signs of growth.
Cybercrime -- something U.S. officials consider a national security problem more serious than terrorism -- could result in a "new breed of cyberattack," KPMG says. Banks have seen a 12 percent rise in online account fraud in the past year, and both U.K. and U.S. banks suffered outages due to hacktivists in 2012.
Senior banking official Andrew Haldane told the U.K. parliament's Treasury Select Committee last year that four out of five of Britain's top banks believe that cyberattacks are their biggest threat.
"Six major U.S. banking institutions suffered website outages in 2012," the report says. "Their U.K. counterparts have escaped similar mass disruption assaults so far -- but they remain under pressure to ensure their critical systems are robust enough to cope with a failure."
HSBC was hit with a denial-of-service attack last year that left customers without access to their accounts for ten hours. The websites for the Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, Wells Fargo, U.S. Bank and PNC Bank have all been hit by denial of service (DoS) attacks in the past year.
See also: What do cyberattacks mean for the banking industry?
The Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Cyber Fighters -- a reference to a Muslim holy figure who fought against European forces in the 1920s and 1930s -- took responsibility for the attacks on U.S. banks. The attacks were made in retaliation over film trailer "The Innocence of Muslims" -- hosted on YouTube but restricted for users in Egypt and Libya. Examples like this relate to KPMG's report, which states a shift of cyberattacks moving from financial crime to political attacks.
Service outages can not only cause consumers headaches, but may be a symptom of data theft and loss. In the financial world, service problems can breed chaos -- costing not only the banks a fortune in lost business, but potentially millions in compensation and network repair. All the while, the bank is dealt with a blow to reputation, and customers not only have to deal with the inconvenience but may also be upset and fail to understand the differences between different forms of attack.
Raj Samani, CTO of McAfee Europe said:
"KPMG is right to highlight the imminent cyber threat that is currently hanging over U.K. banks. This has been building over the past year and if financial institutions haven't already made security their top priority, they should do so immediately."
Security Australia Government Big Data Analytics Innovation Mobility
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Practice Fusion to pay $145m for accepting pharma kickbacks in opioid prescription scam
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One thing that I really took away from my long weekend getaway was how important it is to go and get lost once in a while. Go somewhere you haven't been before and be open to venturing into places that you wouldn't usually go to. This information probably isn't anything new to you, but sometimes, you just need to be reminded.
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text:
Dior Premieres Jennifer Lawrence as New Campaign Face
The brand gets back to its 1940s roots with ads featuring the Oscar-nominated "Silver Linings Playbook" star.
Michael Jackson's Nephew Jaafar Jackson to Play Him in Biopic
Jennifer Lawrence Miss Dior PR Image - P 2013
Oscar nominee Jennifer Lawrence not only has impeccable taste when it comes to choosing her film roles, but lately she's been recognized for her emerging taste in fashion, too. Which could have something to do with the fact that she's a contracted face of Dior.
The Parisian luxury behemoth just debuted its first campaign featuring the 22-year-old actress, which focuses on the ladylike Miss Dior handbags that are a brand staple.
According to WWD, the elegant, 1940s-inspired campaign was shot by Willy Vanderperre with Olivier Rizzo styling. And Lawrence donned pieces from Dior's spring 2013 ready-to-wear collection, which was the first put out by designer Raf Simons since joining the brand in the summer.
STORY: Why Jennifer Lawrence Didn't Go to Washington for 'Silver Linings Playbook'
Dior has been a red-carpet staple for the Silver Linings Playbook actress this awards season. At the Golden Globes, she wore a red fitted-bodice piece of Dior Couture, then went for an architecturally cut, full-length navy sheath by the brand at the SAG Awards. It wouldn't be surprising if the best actress nominee also wears something by her new employer to the Oscars on Sunday.
View the new images below.
Oscars 2013: Ben Affleck, Jennifer Lawrence and Jessica Chastain to Present
Photos: Cher's Colorful Oscar Fashion History
David O. Russell to Direct Jennifer Lawrence in 'The Ends of the Earth' (Exclusive)


You are visiting the placeholder page for George Abbott. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for George Abbott. We created this page automatically in hopes George Abbott would find it. If you are not George Abbott, but are an alumni of Northland High School, register on this site for free now.


Nestled in the heart of Old Town Bluffton, there's a place of inspiration for art lovers and artists alike. It's called the Maye River Gallery. For six years it has represented the highest level of local artistry in both 2D and 3D art, exhibiting an ever-changing cross section of styles and media in sizes that will fit your suitcase or your mantel.
The art is displayed in 4 airy galleries with charming nooks to showcase some of the smaller treasures. And don't miss the back porch, another more intimate venue full of creations of all sizes! And, to keep things interesting, the Maye River Gallery changes out it's galleries every 2 months, to present an exciting, fresh new look.
The Gallery and its artists have also become known for their philanthropy—-yearly fundraisers which benefit local groups—-as well as their work in the gallery's back yard which has earned them kudos from the National Wildlife Federation for their efforts in creating both a home and refuge for the critters…and the artists.
Stop in and visit the Maye River artists in their own little slice of Bluffton. We think you'll agree that Maye River Gallery is a standout among the galleries on Calhoun Street.


text:
IC 2546 ist eine Galaxie vom Hubble-Typ S im Sternbild Antlia am Südsternhimmel.

Das Objekt wurde am 1. Mai 1900 von DeLisle Stewart entdeckt.

Weblinks
 SIMBAD Astronomical Database

Einzelnachweise


text:
deference
Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for February 28, 2021 is:
deference • DEF-uh-runss • noun
: respect and esteem due a superior or an elder; also : affected or ingratiating regard for another's wishes
"The 41-page filing answered government arguments that appeals rules give trial judges a lot of deference to make findings about facts, such as whether a juror is following court rules." — Steve Patterson, The Florida Times-Union (Jacksonville, Florida), 19 Jan. 2021
"'Where once he was a youthful firebrand,' Mr. Peterson said, Mr. Museveni 'now speaks as an elder, reminding his people about the virtues of the old culture, demanding deference, excoriating the decadence of the young.'" — Abdi Latif Dahir, The New York Times, 16 Jan. 2021
We need to be specific when we tell you that deference and defer both derive from the Medieval Latin dēferre, which means "to convey, show respect, submit to a decision," because there are two defers in the English language. The defer related to deference is typically used with to in contexts having to do either with allowing someone else to decide or choose something, as in "I'll defer to the experts," or with agreeing to follow someone else's decision, wish, etc., as when a court defers to precedent. The other defer traces to the Latin differre, meaning "to carry away in varying directions, spread abroad, postpone, delay, be unlike or distinct." That defer is typically used in contexts having to do with delaying or postponing something, as in "a willingness to defer the decision until next month."


text:
All You Need Is Ears. George Martin, Jeremy Hornsby
All.You.Need.Is.Ears.pdf
Download All You Need Is Ears
All You Need Is Ears George Martin, Jeremy Hornsby
Let's Talk About Pep (Sandy "Pepa" Denton) 54. Apr 25, 2014 - Sir George Martin, All You Need Is Ears "The music business will be revitalized by musicians, not the labels or Live Nation. May 3, 2014 - It's All About a Ball (Alan Ball) 53. Dec 30, 2011 - All you have to do is gently put the q-tip in your ear and rotate it while working your way deeper into the ear canal (obviously not too deep) and then rotate on your way out. What is one thing you would change about the world and how would you do it? Sir George Martin (CBE) on legendaarinen levytuottaja, jonka ainakin Beatles-fanit tuntevat ympäri maailman. Dec 7, 2012 - Her childhood in Soviet Russia forced her into electronic music - "Piano was saturated with demands, and as my parents did not have close relations to school administrations, as the way it worked in Soviet times, I did not get a chance to play piano. The Stone Cold Truth (Stone Cold Steve Austin) 55. All You Need is Ears (Beatles producer George Martin) 56. Thanks to Demiurge, we have one dbl to give away! Mar 14, 2011 - Favorite book(s): George Martin ALL YOU NEED IS EARS. May 17, 2011 - Kirja-arvio: George Martin - All You Need Is Ears (1979). May 1, 2012 - It does make it easier to talk about music by describing it in terms of what already exists, but I guess my point is that you don't have to be an expert of hip hop to enjoy hip hop, all you need is ears to enjoy music. So I got "Dombra," a three string instrument which did not Win. May 18, 2014 - "George," he said, "I don't know if you'd be interested, but there's a chap who's come in with a tape of a group he runs.
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text:
package org.linguafranca.pwdb.kdbx.jaxb;

import org.linguafranca.pwdb.Database;
import org.linguafranca.pwdb.checks.BinaryPropertyChecks;
import org.linguafranca.pwdb.kdbx.KdbxCreds;
import org.linguafranca.pwdb.Credentials;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

/**
 * @author jo
 */
public class JaxbBinaryPropertyV3Test extends BinaryPropertyChecks {

    public JaxbBinaryPropertyV3Test() {
        InputStream inputStream = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("Attachment.kdbx");
        database = JaxbDatabase.load(new KdbxCreds("123".getBytes()),inputStream);
    }

    @Override
    public void saveDatabase(Database database, Credentials credentials, OutputStream outputStream) throws IOException {
        database.save(credentials,outputStream);
    }
}


text:
Infinity Ward teases Predator DLC for Call of Duty: Ghosts
By Michael McWhertor@MikeMcWhertor Mar 27, 2014, 1:51pm EDT
Source Call of Duty on Instagram
Share All sharing options for: Infinity Ward teases Predator DLC for Call of Duty: Ghosts
The next batch of downloadable content for Call of Duty: Ghosts, an add-on called Devastation, may feature a guest appearance from the Predator, the alien threat first featured in the 1987 movie of the same name.
While developer Infinity Ward doesn't come right out and say it in a newly posted teaser video on Instagram, the signs are all there: a Central American setting, a downed military helicopter and a confrontation with a nearly invisible enemy. The trademark roar and gurgle of the Predator are also heard prominently in the brief video. Another unsubtle hint is the accompanying text, "If it bleeds..."
The Predator wouldn't be the first vicious murderer borrowed from Hollywood for Call of Duty purposes. Call of Duty: Ghosts' first downloadable add-on, Onslaught, featured a cameo from Michael Myers from the Halloween series.
Call of Duty: Ghosts Devastation launches on Xbox 360 and Xbox One on April 3. It features four new maps (Behemoth, Collision, Ruins and Unearthed) and the second chapter of developer Infinity Ward's four-player co-op story, Extinction.


text:
Die Güldenkammer war eine deutschsprachige Kulturzeitschrift, die von 1910 bis 1916 in Bremen erschien. Der Untertitel der monatlich erscheinenden Zeitschrift lautete anfangs Eine bremische Monatsschrift, später Norddeutsche Monatshefte.

Geschichte
Die Kulturzeitschrift Die Güldenkammer, die heute teils auch als literarische Zeitschrift charakterisiert wird, wurde im Oktober 1910 gegründet und erschien zunächst im Bremer Hauschild Verlag. Nach dem ersten Jahrgang (1910/11) übernahm der Unternehmer und Mäzen Ludwig Roselius durch seine Kaffee-Handels-Aktien-Gesellschaft (Kaffee HAG) ab dem Oktoberheft 1911 die Zeitschrift und sicherte ihr weiteres Erscheinen. Fortan kam sie im Verlag Kaffeehag Bremen heraus, bei dem hauptsächlich der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit von Kaffee HAG dienende Publikationen erschienen, und wurde dort zeitweise vom damaligen Werbeleiter von Kaffee HAG, Alfred Faust, verlegerisch betreut.

Die Monatszeitschrift Die Güldenkammer war die erste Kulturzeitschrift in Bremen. Herausgeberin war die Kulturjournalistin und Schriftstellerin Sophie Gallwitz; Mitherausgeber von 1910 bis 1912 war der Pädagoge und Autor Konrad Weichberger. Gallwitz veröffentlichte in der Zeitschrift im Jahr 1913 ca. 50 Briefe und Tagebucheintragungen der "Worpsweder" Malerin Paula Modersohn-Becker, womit sie maßgeblich zu deren Entdeckung als Künstlerin beitrug und Modersohn-Becker erst ins Bewusstsein des Kunstförderers Ludwig Roselius und der Öffentlichkeit rückte.

Außerdem wurden kulturelle Beiträge und literarische Arbeiten veröffentlicht von Giosuè Carducci (1913, Übertragung ins Deutsche von Rudolf Borchardt), Hans Franck (1912, über Herbert Eulenberg), Gustav Friedrich Hartlaub (1910, zum Sammlungskonzept der Bremer Kunsthalle im Vorfeld des "Bremer Künstlerstreits"), Gustav Pauli, Paul Scheerbart (1913, Novelle Marduk), Johannes Schlaf, Georg Simmel, Curt Stoermer und vielen anderen Autoren.

Literatur
 Nicola Vetter: Ludwig Roselius. Ein Pionier der deutschen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Hauschild Verlag, Bremen 2002, ISBN 3-89757-157-9, S. 119 ff.

Weblinks
  – Daten zur Zeitschrift Die Güldenkammer bei der Zeitschriftendatenbank
 Bibliographische Nachweise zu Inhalten der Zeitschrift Die Güldenkammer in Dietrich online (Erweiterte Suche > Erschienen in Zeitschriften/Zeitung/Buch > Norddeutsche Monatshefte)

Einzelnachweise

Kulturzeitschrift (Deutschland)
Antiquarische Zeitschrift (Deutschland)
Literatur (Bremen)
Ersterscheinung 1910
Erscheinen eingestellt 1916
Deutschsprachige Monatszeitschrift


text:
Robert Gray Elementary School can refer to:
 Robert R. Gray Elementary School - Prince George's County, Maryland - Prince George's County Public Schools
 Robert Gray Elementary School - Aberdeen, Washington - Aberdeen School District
 Robert Gray Elementary School - Longview, Washington - Longview Public Schools


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I am doing some research in sleep medicine where I compare the test results of different sleep and vigilance tests. Within these different vigilance test results, the data is sorted in different patient groups. Since my data is non-normally distributed, I performed a Kruskal-Wallis test in order to assess whether there were significant differences among the values obtained for each diagnostic group in each sleep test. Then I performed a Post Hoc test in order to assess between which diagnostic groups these differences where. In order to show which differences between which groups were more important, I performed an Effect Size calculation on each group comparison.
Now I would like to show, e.g. that the difference between patient groups A and B, is greater in Sleep Test X than in Sleep Test Y. I suspect that simply comparing the Effect Size results across Sleep Test samples would be incorrect. Does somebody know how I can correctly perform this task?
My goal is to show that certain diagnostic patient groups are more easily differentiated from others in certain Sleep Tests than in others.
This is a repeated measured design, with an additional grouping factor.
both measurements, maybe by using z-standardization.
Thank you very much for your reply. Does the repeated measure design still apply if the values of each sleep test do not necessarily belong to the same patients? And what would be the additional grouping factor?
Apparently I misunderstood your design. I thought that each group was given all tests, but that was not the case?
Not all patients underwent all tests necessarily. And since the tests do not all test the same ability, they all use different units and thus I cannot compare them directly. I attached an example of the data I am dealing with.
Would a MANOVA be appropriate? Or should I standardise the data and then perform an ANOVA for repeated measures?


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How to Turn Off Your Nintendo Switch
Benj Edwards
Benj Edwards is an Associate Editor for How-To Geek. For over 15 years, he has written about technology and tech history for sites such as The Atlantic, Fast Company, PCMag, PCWorld, Macworld, Ars Technica, and Wired. In 2005, he created Vintage Computing and Gaming, a blog devoted to tech history. He also created The Culture of Tech podcast and regularly contributes to the Retronauts retrogaming podcast. Read more...
@benjedwards
Dec 1, 2021, 3:00 pm EST | 1 min read
Although putting your Nintendo Switch to sleep is easy, powering down your Switch off completely (or restarting it) requires an extra step that's not obvious. Here's how to do it.
Normally, when you tap the power button on the top edge of your Switch, it puts the console into a low-power Sleep mode but doesn't turn it off completely. If you'd like to preserve battery life, aren't planning on using your Switch for a while, or want to troubleshoot a bug, you'll need to turn off the console completely.
How to Shut Down Your Nintendo Switch
How to Force Your Switch to Turn Off
How to Turn On Your Nintendo Switch
First, locate the power button on the top edge of your Switch console. On the original Switch, Switch Lite, and OLED Switch, you'll find the power button located on the left side near the volume buttons. Press and hold this button for about three seconds.
The screen will darken and a special system menu will appear. Select "Power Options."
On the power options menu, select "Turn Off."
(Alternately, you can select "Restart" here if you want to perform a complete reboot of your Switch.)
Your Switch's screen will go black and it will shut down completely. Unlike in Sleep mode, while turned off in this way, your Switch won't use any battery life or network data.
RELATED: How Much of an Upgrade Is Nintendo's OLED Switch?
If your Switch is unresponsive and won't shut down the normal way, press and hold the power button on the top-left edge of the console for about 12 seconds to force the device to shut down.
RELATEDWhy Long-Pressing the Power Button Could Damage Your System
This long-press technique should only be used in emergencies when your Switch is malfunctioning. Otherwise, you could potentially lose game saves or corrupt system data if you perform a forced power off frequently.
To power your Nintendo Switch back on, press and hold the power button on the top edge of the console until the Nintendo logo appears. Happy gaming!
Benj Edwards is an Associate Editor for How-To Geek. For over 15 years, he has written about technology and tech history for sites such as The Atlantic, Fast Company, PCMag, PCWorld, Macworld, Ars Technica, and Wired. In 2005, he created Vintage Computing and Gaming, a blog devoted to tech history. He also created The Culture of Tech podcast and regularly contributes to the Retronauts retrogaming podcast.


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