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Daily Cover| Sep 28, 2020, 10:10am EDT |
Yes, Donald Trump Is Still A Billionaire. That Makes His $750 Tax Payment Even More Scandalous
Illustration by Forbes; photos by Epics/Getty Images; MANDEL NGAN/Getty Images; Jonathan Newton/The Washington Post; Raymond Boyd/Getty Images; Joe Raedle/Getty Images
"Is Donald Trump really a billionaire?" everyone seemed to be asking Sunday night, after the New York Times dropped a bombshell report about the president's taxes, which detailed big losses in some years and limited income in others. The answer: Yes, he is indeed.
In fact, Trump is a multibillionaire, worth $2.5 billion, by our count. His portfolio, which includes commercial buildings, golf properties and branding businesses, is worth an estimated $3.66 billion before debt. The president has a fair amount of leverage—adding up to a roughly $1.13 billion—but not enough to drag his net worth below a billion dollars.
To understand how Donald Trump could be so rich—yet look so poor—it's essential to comprehend the difference between what we'll call (a) taxable income and (b) operating income. Taxable income is the amount people tell the Internal Revenue Service they earned, after subtracting a bunch of things like depreciation, interest, past losses and, in Trump's case, questionable business expenses. Operating income captures the amount businesses make from their standard operations, ignoring a bunch of fancy accounting tricks and financial maneuvers.
Many of Donald Trump's businesses generate a huge amount of operating income, even though his IRS filings reportedly show very little taxable income. That's important because operating income, not taxable income, is a key factor in determining the value of a real estate asset. Investors want to know how much a building throws off in annual profits. What happens after that on a personal tax return—the level of financial wizardry that a seller might use to make their operating profit look like a loss, and thereby avoid taxes—doesn't matter much to a potential buyer.
"There's the tax world, and then there's the real world," says Eric Anton, a commercial real estate broker in New York City. "They're totally different."
Trump's operating income is real and documented, laid out in paperwork from local tax offices, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the president's business partners. Don't be fooled: The news is not that the president is broke (the Times story notes that tax returns do not list someone's net worth). The news, instead, is that Donald Trump seems to have avoided paying much in taxes despite significant operating profits at certain properties. In other words, he figured out how to share very little of his fortune with the country he now leads.
Determining Donald Trump's net worth is just one big math equation: add up the value of the assets, subtract the value of the liabilities. Of course, figuring out what an asset is worth isn't always easy. For a commercial real estate building, it requires examining the location, the square footage, the valuation multiples and the income—the net operating income, that is.
Consider 40 Wall Street, a skyscraper in New York City that Donald Trump controls. Documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission show that Trump's net operating income was $18.1 million in 2019. There are 1.2 million square feet in the building, according to a different document filed with the SEC.
In interviews conducted a few months ago, eight New York City real estate experts suggested multiples to apply to those income and square footage numbers. On average, they thought the net operating income should equal about 5.4% of the value. That would suggest the asset was worth $336 million. The same experts, however, also suggested valuing the building at about $400 per square foot. That works out to a total value of $466 million. Coming up with an exact valuation is difficult, but taking the average of the two methodologies and calling it $401 million seems to be a fair approach.
Repeat a similar exercise across Trump's entire portfolio, and the assets add up to an estimated $3.7 billion. A key variable in almost every calculation is net operating income. It may get wiped out by the time Trump's accountants finish preparing his taxes, but there's no denying it's there at the start, given that it's documented on plenty of other paperwork.
The president's partner at 555 California Street, a publicly traded real estate firm named Vornado, disclosed in public filings that its 70% share of the building kicked off $60 million of net operating income in 2019; that means Trump's 30% stake produced $26 million. A document connected to a loan against 1290 Avenue of the Americas, another building in which Trump holds a 30% interest, lists $96 million of 2019 net operating income, suggesting the president's share was $29 million. In addition to the $18.1 million of 2019 operating income at 40 Wall Street, SEC filings list $13.3 million at Trump Tower, $1.7 million at Trump Plaza and $600,000 at Trump International Hotel & Tower. The city of New York estimates operating income for the commercial spaces inside Trump World Tower ($1 million), Trump Parc ($600,000), Trump Parc East ($900,000) and Trump Park Avenue (roughly $2.4 million). A Trump Organization representative told Forbes in September 2019 that the president's store at 6 East 57th Street hauled in $10.7 million of profit annually. Altogether, Trump's interests in those buildings, which also include residential space in several of them, are worth an estimated $2.3 billion before subtracting debt.
Trump's golf portfolio is more complicated. He owns ten traditional U.S. golf clubs, which generated $108 million of revenue in 2019, according to an analysis of the president's annual financial disclosure report. It's hard to determine the operating margins on those properties, but past performance offers a clue. A 2014 income statement from the Trump club in Westchester County, New York, shows income of $1.1 million on $5.6 million of revenue, which suggests margins of 20%. Documents connected to the Trump club in Jupiter, Florida, show margins of 19% in 2013, 13% in 2014 and 13% in 2015. After hearing those figures, seven golf experts still estimated pre-Covid margins at an average of 21%, which would suggest the operations were throwing off a combined $23 million last year. If the properties were in fact producing that much, they might be worth a combined $200 million today. Even if they're all losing money, they should still be worth at least $100 million.
The Times story does not list the income at all of Trump's golf clubs, but it does dig into details at his golf resorts, which were already known to be in trouble. European regulatory filings list losses year after year at the president's three properties overseas. At Trump National Doral, the president's resort in Miami, net operating income dropped from $13.8 million in 2015 to $12.4 million in 2016 and $4.3 million in 2017, according to documents obtained from local officials. A representative for the Trump Organization told Forbes that profits ticked up to $9.7 million in 2018. The Times reports that Trump bought Doral for $150 million and then shelled out an additional $213 million on it, suggesting a total investment of $363 million. Forbes estimates it's worth $153 million. By that math, the president is now $210 million in the hole.
In mid-September, Forbes reported that Doral and the Trump International Hotel in Washington, D.C., seemed to be struggling financially. The Times story confirms that—and adds more specifics. The D.C. hotel opened in 2016 and, by 2018, Trump had already declared tax losses of $55.5 million there, according to the Times. Still, the property is worth something. One investor offered $175 million for it before the coronavirus decimated the hotel industry. The Trumps turned that offer down. Forbes now figures the hotel is worth closer to $168 million. It seems certain that it is continuing to hemorrhage cash.
There are plenty of other revenue-generating properties in Trump's portfolio, including a 50% share of a hotel-condo collection in Las Vegas, a licensing business and Mar-a-Lago. All of those take in good money. Then there are the toys, which don't: the airplanes, helicopters and homes in New York, Florida and St. Martin. But even if they're not making much money, they're still worth plenty.
Add up all of Donald Trump's assets—the ones that throw off big cash, the ones that lose serious money and the ones that don't really operate as businesses—and the total hits that $3.7 billion figure. Real assets worth real money. But that's not Trump's net worth. In order to figure that out, you have to consider liabilities.
Trump has previously proclaimed himself the "king of debt," a nickname that fit early in his career, as he teetered toward bankruptcy, and more recently as president, as he has accumulated massive federal budget deficits. As a businessman, Trump has played it a bit safer lately. No doubt, his estimated $1.1 billion in debt is a tremendous amount of leverage. But considering Trump's $3.7 billion in assets, most of his bankers should still be able to sleep at night.
A big chunk of Trump's liabilities is concentrated in 1290 Avenue of the Americas in New York City and 555 California Street in San Francisco, the two skyscrapers he owns in conjunction with Vornado. In its most recent quarterly filings, Vornado disclosed $950 million of debt at the New York property and $543 million at the San Francisco one. That adds up to $1.5 billion in total debt, and Trump's 30% share amounts to $448 million.
The president owes hundreds of millions more on other Manhattan buildings, as documented in SEC filings and property records. At Trump Tower, he has a $100 million loan. At 40 Wall Street, he owes $139 million. At Trump Plaza, $13 million. At Trump International Hotel & Tower, $6.5 million. At Trump Park Avenue, an estimated $10 million. That's another $268 million, bringing the tally to $716 million.
The president borrowed $125 million through two publicly recorded mortgages at Doral. His company secured an agreement to borrow $170 million against the D.C. hotel. The Times story lists a balance on that loan of $160 million. It's possible that Trump has paid some of it down. The president's financial disclosure report lists liabilities against his Chicago tower of more than $75 million. Tack on at least another $360 million to make it $1.1 billion.
Trump has an $11 million mortgage against a mansion in Palm Beach, plus another loan against a palace in Bedford, New York. He took on one loan at his golf club near D.C. and two mortgages at one of his New Jersey golf courses. Include those, and the total still rounds to $1.1 billion.
Having debt requires paying interest, which reduces the profits Trump has to declare on his tax returns. But the president also seems to be employing far more unusual methods to limit his tax bill.
Donald Trump has long prided himself on gaming the tax system. "Makes me smart," he famously declared in a 2016 presidential debate. It also might make him vulnerable to investigators scouring his financial picture.
There's a lot to consider. For example, Trump appears to have had his daughter Ivanka serve as a "consultant" for his real estate firm, at the same time that she was working as an employee of the firm. Donald Trump wrote off $26 million in "unexplained" consulting fees from 2010 to 2018, according to the Times. "If the payments to his daughter were compensation for work, it's not clear why [Donald] Trump would do it in this form," the Times says, "other than to reduce his own tax liability. Another, more legally perilous possibility is that the fees were a way to transfer assets to his children without incurring a gift tax."
The Times also details extravagant expenses—including over $70,000 of hairstyling charges—written off as business costs. The Trump Corp., a business 100% owned by Donald Trump, wrote off the fees paid to Alan Futerfas, an attorney that represented Donald Trump Jr. in the Russia probe, according to the newspaper. In another questionable move, Trump labeled his mansion in Bedford, New York, as an investment property, paving the way for him to write off $2.2 million of property taxes, according to the Times.
These machinations—and many more detailed in the story—proved successful. In 2016 and 2017, according to the Times, Trump paid just $750 of federal income taxes. The scandal isn't that he's broke and paying those meager sums—it's that he remains quite rich.


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Off Wight
Bank Holiday weekend was spent, once again, in Seaview, on the Isle of Wight: there can be few more pleasant places to be when the sun is shining. After a delightful couple of days pottering around the local shops, picnicking on the beach, and barbecuing local meat and fish in the garden, four of us (plus one small child) booked in for a much anticipated lunch at Seaview's eponymous hotel. What better way to round off a splendid weekend than a gourmet meal at one of the island's aspiring fine dining establishments? "Just about anything else at all" was the unfortunate general consensus.
The Seaview has changed hands in the last few years after a long stretch under the same owner – chronicled slightly nauseatingly in book form – when it maintained a pleasing family aura. It dabbled in decent food, evolved two quite distinct bars (a clubby, yachty affair at the front and a more down-to-earth pub out back) and generally seemed to pull off the mixture of professionalism and chaos that is so endearing in such well established seaside treasures. The new owners have clearly tried to focus on the professionalism but you can't help feeling that the personal touch may have disappeared somewhere along the way.
On the food front a new chef has been shipped in and been given free rein to stamp his mark on the fine(r) dining in the multi-room restaurant (the bar menu appears to have changed very little, so fans of the famous crab ramekin need not fret). Graham Walker, a veteran of the George (the Seaview's long-time rival over on the other side of the island) apparently describes his food as Modern European with a hint of British... except when he's describing it as Modern British, of course. Unfortunately, this air of confusion extends to the food his kitchen produces too.
The menu is pleasingly packed with local ingredients (the island is embracing home grown produce as much as anywhere in the country) but sadly such fine ingredients were never quite done justice. After some excellent bread and butter (and having avoided the temptation to nibble any of the glass beads pointless scattered on the table) I started with "Isle of Wight spider crab risotto, pink grape fruit [sic], Tarragon [sic], Parmesan crisp". I was intrigued by the thought of grapefruit in a risotto but thought it might be OK: a twist on the classic seafood/lemon combination. And to be fair that bit did kind of work; the tarragon added little except confusion, however, and the Parmesan crisp was just wrong. There's a reason cheese isn't usually added to seafood pasta/risotto dishes, but there's an even more compelling reason not for doing it like this: a burnt offering of bitter flakes of cheese that left me feeling a little sick.
Talking of burnt, I also had another curiosity as a main course: "Sandown black bream, toasted rice water, haricot Blanc [sic], fennel, lemon oil". I'm not sure what toasted rice water is exactly. From the taste, I'm guessing the water used to soak a pan in which you've burnt your rice. Anyway it dominated and spoiled a dish that was never a good idea in the first place.
Elsewhere, a watercress soup with local blue cheese and sweet and sour beetroot was underseasoned, a main of duck breast appeared to have come from a singularly underendowed bird and "Truffle flavoured brownrigg free-range chicken, cauliflower puree, roasted pearl barley, and truffle sauce" was described as "truffly". The vegetarian main course, billed as a wild mushroom and shallot tart, proved to be a large disk of puff pastry on which some mushrooms had been scattered before being hidden under a pile of underdressed leaves. Hard to see what made this a tart and even harder to see how it justified the same £16.95 price tag as the rest of the mains (save the fillet which will set you back an extra £5.95 [sic]).
Clearly I chose badly and there's always a danger this will cloud judgment, but this meal was a real disappointment. There's obviously some talent in the kitchen, but despite the obvious effort to go the extra yard the memories you're left with are of someone trying too hard rather than any of the dishes the effort is going into. More than once we caught each other casting envious glances at the fish and chips the bar customers had been ordering. I think I know what we'll be eating next time.
The Seaview Hotel and Restaurant, The High Street, Seaview, Isle of Wight PO34 5EX 01983 612711

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The University Bookman is joining Fordham University in hosting the award-winning poet and critic A. M. Juster on Monday, February 6, 2017 at 6:00pm on Fordham's Lincoln Center campus (McMahon Hall, Rm. 109; use the entrance on West 60th Street and Columbus Avenue in Manhattan). Juster will speak on "Riddles, Elegies, and Satires: Adventures in Translation." The event is free and open to the public and registration is not required.
We are also planning a second event in May on the humanities. Watch this space for more details.


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US must pay $245mn in damage to chemical victims of Iraq-Iran war: Judiciary
Mon Aug 21, 2017 1:36AM
The Iranian Judiciary has issued a ruling demanding that the US government pay around 245 million dollars in damage to a number of victims of chemical attacks carried out by Saddam Hussein's troops during the 1980 to 1988 imposed war on Iran.
Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ejei, Iran's Judiciary spokesman, made the remarks on Sunday, while noting that the amount would be distributed among 18 victims of the attacks who had filed for the legal action.
Hundreds of thousands of Iranians were killed in the Iraqi-imposed war and many more were affected by the chemical weapons like mustard gas that were used by the regime of the Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein. Many of those Iranians who were attacked by chemical weapons and are alive today continue to suffer the lingering aftereffects.
Iraq once possessed a huge arsenal of chemical weapons, the production of which was facilitated by exports of chemicals as well as financial and technological support from the United States and other Western countries.
Iraq is believed to acquire the technology and the materials to develop chemical weapons from the US and a number of Western countries. According to reports, US spy agency, CIA, had knew about Iraq's use of chemical weapons as early as 1983, but the US took no action against the violations of international law, and even failed to alert the UN.


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Pictou County business leaders consider recruitment and retention
Ray Burns · Multimedia Journalist | Posted: Dec. 1, 2022, 1:51 p.m. | Updated: Dec. 1, 2022, 1:51 p.m. | 3 Min Read
Olivia Hasler, People and Culture Manager with Grant Thornton, left, Kim West, President Royer-Thompson, and Jennifer. Swinemar-Murray, Senior Director Human Resources wth JD Irving took part in a panel discussion on recrutiment and retention hosted by the Pictou County Chamber of Commerce.
NEW GLASGOW - It's no secret that businesses of all sizes and in all fields struggle to attract and keep employees. Those pressing needs are pervasive and provided the impetus for the Pictou County Chamber of Commerce and Patterson Law to hold a recent lunch and learn at Summer Street Industries.
Panelists Olivia Hasler, People and Culture Manager at Grant Thornton, Kim West, President of Boyer-Thompson and Jennifer Swinemar-Murray, Senior Director Human Resources at Irving, fronted a lively and informative discussion based on questions of the importance of workplace culture, the need for innovative and creative leadership for business owners and the value of knowing your workforce.
Hasler spoke of the growing importance of workplace culture. A healthy culture can't be created in a vacuum, there needs to be a strong and proactive leadership in place. People crave a human connection and it's no different in the workplace, she added.
"People want to feel this belonging, work is so social...You can't really fake culture, you can't fake that human connection, you just have to do it."
West noted that employers have to understand their company's culture and how it's evolving.
"You can't change the world overnight, but in incremental steps."
On innovative and creative leadership, West said it's a hot market now for job seekers, so employers need to think differently about hiring.
"People are really the most important asset, it's a totally different world now," she pointed out. "Think about what the candidate will experience with you...are they going to see themselves in your organization?
West also addressed the question of the importance of an employer knowing their workforce and the talent within the organization.
"An organization won't get anywhere without having a leader at the top who is focused on people and knows how to get the most out of people," she said.
Hasler also commented that innovation is key in this area.
"You need not to be afraid as an organization to let go of the things you used to do...Get the right amount of stuff on your plate and get an idea of priorities."
The luncheon opened with lawyers Julie MacPhee and Kristen Stallard from Patterson Law giving a brief but informative look at employment contracts with some sage advice for business owners in attendance.
"Contacts define key rights and obligations," MacPhee said.
If there was one key takeaway from MacPhee's portion of the presentation it would be her assertion that it's essential for employers to ensure an employment contract includes a termination clause. This provides financial and legal protection for the employer if a new hire (or even a seasoned worker) underperforms, and the professional relationship turns sour. Without such a clause, the employer's options are limited, and they can be exposed to a burdensome financial settlement.
The alternative to having a termination clause is to prove the employee is being let go for cause. That is difficult to establish and time consuming, MacPhee noted.
MacPhee specializes in labour and employment law and said she commonly gets queries from clients regarding how to sever employees. If there's a termination clause in play, then things are straightforward.
"Your risks are a lot lower," she told the group. On the other hand, without a termination clause, things can become problematic. "It's the one clause that employers wish they had more often than not," she added.
Stallard focused on what terms of employment should be included in a contract, such as job title, remuneration, benefits, hours of work and overtime, probationary period and so on. Employers can protect themselves from a volatile marketplace by having a layoff position in a contract.
"It can be really important if you have an unexpected downturn," she said.
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Christopher Dorner rampage one year later:…
Christopher Dorner rampage one year later: 'Reign of terror' or overblown?
A San Bernardino County Sheriff SWAT team returns to the command post at Bear Mountain in Big Bear after searching for Christopher Dorner on Feb. 8, 2013.
By Rebecca Kimitch | Rebecca.Kimitch@sgvn.com |
One year ago, former Los Angeles police officer Christopher Dorner brought a "reign of terror" to the Southland, in the words of then Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa.
Dorner, vowing revenge for his dismissal from the Los Angeles Police Department, threatened warfare against the LAPD.
"Everybody woke up believing that just by virtue of wearing the uniform, you could be a target. … He had everybody on edge," said Tyler Izen, president of the union that represents LAPD's nearly 10,000 sworn officers.
Police Chief Charlie Beck called Dorner's violent rampage nothing short of "an act of domestic terrorism."
Dorner came from inside law enforcement and the manhunt for him dragged on for days — some say that explains why one man, acting alone, could bring intense fear and anxiety to professionals who deal with violent criminals on a daily basis. And they could potentially still be feeling the effects of that fear and anxiety.
But others say the entire incident was blown out of proportion and Dorner hardly brought the "reign of terror" these city leaders claimed.
'You will now life of prey'
For 10 days, officers from dozens of police departments searched for Dorner across the region.
When it was all over, his killing spree left four dead, two police officers seriously injured and countless lives changed forever.
The manhunt began after authorities, investigating the death of Dorner's first two victims, found a rambling diatribe Dorner posted to Facebook. In the posting, later dubbed his manifesto, he blamed dozens of members of the LAPD for his dismissal from the department and vowed violent revenge. His threats went beyond the named enemies and attempted to get inside the heads of his former colleagues.
"I will bring unconventional and asymmetrical warfare to those in LAPD uniform whether on or off duty. … You will now live the life of the prey," he wrote.
"Think before you attempt to intervene. You will not survive. Your family will receive that medal of valor posthumously. It will gather dust on the fireplace mantel for years. Then one day, it will go in a shoe box with other memories. Your mother will lose a son or daughter. Your significant other will be left alone, but they will find someone else to fill your void in the future and make them just as happy. Your children, if you have them, will call someone else mommy or daddy. Don't be selfish."
But it was more than these threats that spurred fear and anxiety in the law enforcement community, according to experts.
What really concerned them was that Dorner was once one of them, said psychologist Jerry Jacobs, Director of the Disaster Mental Health Institute at the University of South Dakota.
And it wasn't just that he was highly trained in weapons and tactics of attack.
"What can really throw off our reactions to situations is when things go contrary to our expectations. To have someone who was one of them begin to be a threat to them throws things completely out of whack," Jacobs said. "Everyone develops basic ideas of how the world works. When we have things that are contrary to that, it can be very overwhelming."
When, during the manhunt, a Torrance police officer opened fire on an innocent man, mistaking him for Dorner, though he was white and Dorner was black, the District Attorney's report said the officer was, in his own words, "extremely anxious, nervous and on high alert due to Dorner's actions and threats."
Another officer in the report said the anxiety among the officers was "palpable"
The length of the manhunt, dragging on for days, also contributed to the anxiety and stress.
"Workplace shootings are generally over in a matter of minutes. School shootings, some have gone on for an hour or two. But for the most part, these things are very brief. When you have such a high-stress period stretched out over a long amount of time, it is much worse," Jacobs said.
Blown out of proportion
Terrorism and security expert Joe Ruffini isn't convinced Dorner was as terrorizing as some say.
"Although this incident was unfortunate, it was blown way out of proportion. It wasn't a domestic terrorist attack … it was a case of workplace violence and a man with a vendetta," he said
The FBI defines domestic terrorism as acts that "appear intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination or kidnapping."
"I don't understand how (Dorner) was any different than any other guy," said Ruffini, a retired Army lieutenant colonel who consults and teaches classes on security and terrorism. "With his threats, the tension is going to be a little higher, an officer will be looking over his shoulder, but it is no different than when an officer is in a high stress situation with a gang member. They can handle it."
"People say everyone in the LAPD was scared to death. What evidence is there of that? … The officers I have spoken to said they weren't," he continued.
Ruffini said the media and Beck were to blame for exaggerating the situation.
"I think Chief Beck blew it way out of proportion. As soon as he called it an act of domestic terrorism, everyone believed him. He is the chief of police after all," he said.
Among the enemies named in the manifesto was Randal Quan, a former LAPD captain who represented Dorner in hearings regarding his 2009 firing. Dorner's first victims were Quan's daughter Monica, 28, and her fiance Keith Lawrence, 27.
Later, Dorner targeted officers at random, as he had also threatened.
Four days after Quan and Lawrence were found dead, Dorner opened fire on Riverside Police officers Michael Crain and Andrew Tachias while they were sitting in their patrol car at a red light. Crain, 34, was killed instantly. Tachias, 27, was seriously injured.
And when Dorner finally met his demise in a cabin in the outskirts of Angelus Oaks, he attempted to take whoever he could down with him. He opened gunfire on officers as soon as they stopped in front of the cabin, killing San Bernardino County Sheriff's Deputy Jeremiah MacKay, 35, and injuring Deputy Alex Collins.
Collins has recovered from his injuries, but he says he has forever changed.
"It's changed everyone directly and indirectly involved. I know what it feels like to get hurt in the line of duty," he said. "Every call is different. Every person is different. Every single day you're on patrol anything can happen. In the back of my mind, I think about what happened and I know this is for real."
Ordinary response to extraordinary events
Most members of the LAPD have moved on and no longer think about what happened one year ago, Izen said.
"Police officers tend to be people with very good coping skills," Jacobs, the psychologist, said.
Still, Jacobs said it is important that affected officers receive mental health support.
"Stress is cumulative. If you add other stresses, if they are processing and coping, that stress builds over time. It can be a significant disadvantage for a police officer. It can impair their ability," he said.
The reactions to traumatic stress are the same everywhere in the world, Jacobs said.
Anxiety, fear, sadness, irritability, elevated heart rates, gastro-intestinal problems and trouble sleeping are among the emotional and physical reactions.
But perhaps more concerning are the behavioral and cognitive reactions, Jacobs said.
Those who have endured traumatic stress are at risk of increased substance abuse, increased levels of family difficulties, including spousal and child abuse, and isolation.
"One of the most concerning is when people isolate themselves from others, presuming the person wasn't a loner to begin with," Jacobs said.
And cognitive reactions include difficultly thinking clearly, problem solving and concentrating.
"This can lead to bad decisions. When you are a person responsible for people's lives, that can be very dangerous," Jacobs said.
The psychologist said officers can be trained to turn to one another for support.
"It is important to recognize that traumatic stress reactions are an ordinary human response to extraordinary circumstances," Jacobs said.
He advocates that police and first responders be trained in psychological first aid — a new model for mental health in traumatic situations that is also encouraged by the federal government through its National Biodefense Science Board.
Under psychological first aid, entire police forces are given mental health training so that they can rely on one another for support in times of need, Jacobs said. Traditionally, first responders and police are provided group counseling by mental health professionals immediately following a traumatic event. But the effectiveness of this has been questioned in recent years.
"The goal is that everyone understands their reactions in these situations are normal, they are ordinary reactions to extraordinary events. And they turn to one another," Jacobs said.
Staff writer Doug Saunders contributed to this story
Rebecca Kimitch


What solutions exist to improve the possibility of recouping losses, which can range from small amounts to some of staggering proportions?
While the success of Medicare's RACs is impressive, the majority of North American corporations and large organizations find it difficult to recover financial losses caused by fraud or errors.
If recovery continues to be a difficult outcome to achieve, what solutions exist to improve the possibility of recouping losses, which can range from small amounts to some of staggering proportions?
One method is for companies to engage a forensic accountant experienced in identifying errors and anomalies to conduct a recovery audit. However, unlike the US healthcare system, most companies cannot afford such an expensive undertaking.
The good news is that a recovery audit in Canada does not need to cost a company anything, unless actual recovery is achieved. Recovery auditors typically work on a contingency fee basis, which eliminates any upfront financial investment.
Recovery audits can be undertaken for two primary purposes: reactive and proactive.
The former usually occurs when a company has discovered a problem resulting in financial losses, possibly as a result of fraud or error. If recovery is a primary objective — along with quantifying the loss, identifying how it occurred and implementing policies and procedures to prevent its recurrence — it's beneficial at the outset of an investigation or audit not to assume it's fraud. To do so reduces the potential for recovery.
Once the fraud alarm bell has been pulled, it usually sets off a chain of events that reduces the likelihood of recovery being accomplished — those caught up in the web of suspicion often retain legal counsel, who often advise them not to say anything to investigators. As for actual perpetrators, they might react by trying to hide or dispose of whatever assets they've purloined.
There's also the possibility that no fraud occurred, which would likely be welcome news to the victimized company. However, if suspicion has fallen on key employees as part of a fraud investigation, those targeted might decide to leave the employer and/or initiate a constructive dismissal suit.
However, if the matter is characterized as an error, it not only protects the company from jumping to the wrong conclusion, it might influence a perpetrator, if applicable, to cooperate with an investigation.
Once retained in a proactive situation, the goal for a recovery auditor is to identify errors, determine whether the losses are recoverable, assist with the recovery process and provide recommendations for improving controls and processes.
Where should you focus your attention? The recovery auditor's plan of action, typically, would be to examine the client's accounts payable records, such as invoices and statements, to look for anomalies or errors. If the number of records is substantial, analytic software programs can assist in this vital task.
Why accounts payable? That's where so many errors occur.
"Duplicate payments and overpayments affect between 0.05% and 0.1% of a typical organization's annual payments, according to the Institute of Internal Auditors," says UK-based fiscaltechnologies.com, which provides forensic solutions that let purchase-to-pay teams protect organizational spending.
If duplicate payments or overpayments involving a vendor are identified, for example, it will be much easier to negotiate repayment if the vendor is told an error has been detected than if the vendor is immediately questioned about having possibly committed a fraud.
Forensic accountants can also be retained to conduct a recovery audit prior to the discovery of any problems. The proactive approach doesn't just focus on accounts payable errors (and the potential existence of fraud). It is also geared towards identifying accounting inefficiencies, a problem that most companies face to one degree or another.
No recovery auditor could promise clients such benefits from discovering potential efficiencies or identifying errors in their accounts payable processes. But the likelihood of significant savings being uncovered is more than probable.
Commissioning a recovery audit after the fact is more common than assigning one on a proactive basis, although the latter can prevent problems down the road.
Why, then, do companies resist such preventive medicine? The primary reason, most likely, is human nature. Too many people assume that if they can't see a problem, then no problem exists. So, why waste money on an unapparent problem?
Recovery audits can't guarantee that significant problems will be detected. But if nothing is found, the client pays exactly that — nothing. What could be a more efficient investment than that?
This article was originally published in the June 2017 issue of CPA Magazine.


You could spend weeks in Denver and still not experience all the restaurants, outdoor activities, tours, and experiences. We're not 100 percent sure why you would even want to leave this Mile High Shangri-La. But we're also a bunch of biased locals. Sometimes you just gotta get outta Denver. These road trips from Denver will show you the best parts of Colorado, outside of the city.
Note: these trips are best if you have at least two days to enjoy them. Colorado is big and it can take a long time to get from one part to another. If you only have one day to explore, check out our recommendations for day trips from Denver. So, top of your stash, download some favorite podcasts, fill up your gas tank, and point that car west toward the mountains.
If you're looking for adventure (but hate driving), Boulder is an easy Denver road trip. Head up Route 36 for the 45-minute drive. Boulder is sort of 'Denver Lite.' It has all the cool quirkiness of the big city, but it's a little more laid-back and artsier, and a lot crunchier.
If you're a city person, you'll definitely want to take a stroll down Pearl Street, Boulder's historic shopping district. You might even want to take a snack break at one of the many restaurants and cafes along the strip.
The perfect place to get a bite is the Boulder Dushanbe Teahouse, a Tajikistani teahouse that serves small bites (and of course, tea). And if you're up for a scenic drive, cruise along the Boulder Canyon to the funky mountain town of Nederland (famous for its annual "Frozen Dead Guy" festival). Jump on the Peak to Peak Highway, or visit nearby Lyons for its iconic brewery Oskar Blues. Then, spend the night feeling miniature in an innovative tiny home resort village. Boulder Circuit complete.
Want to travel back in time? The not-so-distant past sits less than an hour away in Black Hawk, Colorado. You'll feel like you've wandered onto a set from West World here (without the murder. Or robots).
Founded in 1859, this former Gold Rush town still has tons of historic charm. The best part? The city runs a free shuttle along Main Street, so you can get around even while buzzed. There's also a shuttle that runs between the town and Denver's downtown, so you don't need to pause the party for the drive back either. A road trip from Denver without the driving? Sign us up.
Heads up: this tiny town is known for its casinos. If you're planning on gambling, go easy on the weed, OK? We don't want you to lose your firstborn before you make it back to Denver.
Ghost hunters (and film fanatics for that matter) will get a kick out of the Stanley Hotel situated at the end of the 90-minute drive to Estes Park. This hotel wasn't where "The Shining" was filmed, but it was the hotel that inspired Stephen King's famous novel of the same name.
Which means, it's super haunted.
Take a few hits off your vape pen before heading into the hedge maze (don't worry, the topiaries don't come to life here). Or, saunter up to the bar and have a cocktail with one of the hotel's elite guests. If haunted hotels aren't yo' thang (we get it, to each his own), you could make a detour and check out Rocky Mountain National Park instead.
Seriously, how cool is Colorado? You've got the mountains, the city, the forest — and the sand? Yup, Great Sand Dunes National Park is the perfect spot for selfies and and sand sledding.
Yes, that's right. We just said sand sledding. Minds blown.
You'll need to plan a little extra before heading out on this Denver road trip (it's almost a four-hour drive to get here without traffic), but the early bird gets the worm in Colorado.
If you feel like you'd just be a fool to head back to the city after only a few hours here, you can always camp out for the night. After dark, the park gets even more magical when the night sky lights up with twinkly stars.
Plus, there's plenty to see along this road trip from Denver. Depending on the route you choose, you could pass through Colorado Springs or even Gunnison National Forest. A short detour west would also take you to the Rio Grande National Forest.
If you want to cross the entire Mountain West of Colorado, the canyons of Utah will be waiting for you on the other side of the state border. An outdoor capital of the U.S.A., Moab is the gateway town to two of the country's best-loved national parks: Arches National Park and Canyonlands National Park.
Moab is an ultimate road trip from Denver because there are some great stops to get out and stretch your legs along the way. Take a dip in the hot springs of Glenwood Springs, or grab a cruiser bike and pedal the winery route through the vineyards of Palisade.
Side note: Moab is definitely a party destination for Denver's outdoorsy crowd. Bring booze but leave the bud behind. Once you cross the border into Utah, cannabis is still illegal AF.


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Talk is cheap and Macron is waiting
by Clemens Lukitsch
The French president Emmanuel Macron gets a lot of commendation these days. Liberals, conservatives and social democrats all praise the charismatic politician – but for different reasons.
Be it his policies to liberalize the domestic labour market, his plans for social reforms in the monetary union, the immersion of the EU integration or if nothing else, his rhetoric prowess and his ability to stage performances like he did in Athens or his "Initiative for Europe"-speech at the Sorbonne University (famous philosopher Juergen Habermas devoted an article to Macron's rhetoric talent).
Certainly it can be stated that Macron has achieved the feat of revitalising the public discussion on the future of the EU. In particular the big issue that remains unresolved is the reform of the monetary union and whether how and if further integration is desirable or not. Alas, as praiseworthy that may be in the perspective of many EU-enthusiasts, debates on migration and refugees still seem to be paramount – especially in Germany. Short-term memory indicates that the so-called migration crisis in the years of 2015/2016 (it should be noted that for South European member states like Italy it has been an on-going crisis for well over 20 years now) fuelled the rise of fringe parties like the "Alternative for Germany (AfD)".
If we take a small step back and view the founding momentum of this far right-wing movement we would have to conclude that it were the ramifications of the euro crisis and in particular the violation of the no bail-out clause of the Lisbon treaty that sparked the rise of the AfD in Germany. What followed for years was a public debate on debt and liability in all political arenas. In Germany a majority of broadcasting networks, large media outlets and newspapers unanimously criticised southerners (alternatively Italians, Spanish, Portuguese and in particular Greeks) for the poor contestability of their domestic economies and primarily their public debt. Furthermore pension claims and wage levels were deemed as too high and as (economically and morally) indecent by the German government and the public opinion leaders. Objecting arguments in this debate were sparsely to be found.
One of course could have pointed out macroeconomic imbalances in the Eurozone caused by German dumping wages or Germany's continuous trade surpluses, further deepening economic divergence between members of the Eurozone and thus obstructing recovery in the single market during the crisis. But these (empirically thoroughly grounded) arguments had no and still have little place in the Zeitgeist of the debate.
Despite the devastating financial crisis in 2008, the consequential euro crisis and the omnipresent looming threat of the next big crash; Germany's biggest media outlets still preach conformity to the requirements of international financial markets, fiscal discipline and above all the relentless mantra-like emphasis on economic competitiveness. And although Germany went through the crisis relatively unharmed – Germans kept asking: "Crisis? What crisis?" – the central questions on shared liability, stability and sustainable growth in the European economy still remain unanswered.
After Macron came forth and manhandled these topics back on the top of the agenda the praise on the conservative and liberal side remains, as long as he keeps pursuing his "Agenda-2010" like policies within France. What differentiates Macron from his liberal (and most of his conservative) fans is his proposal to implement fiscal policies in the EU and the Eurozone: European minimum wages and an ample Eurozone Budget for example. Also his plans for security and defence policies in Europe (ideas favoured by the conservatives) could open one or more backdoors for financial compensation between member states that cannot be outright brand marked as illegitimate transfer payments.
Many public intellectuals on the centre-left therefor pin their hopes on Macron as European saviour who has the momentum on his side to give the European integration a new and critical push and conciliate the diverging societal and political forces within the EU (one such voice is the political scientist Ulrike Guérot).
Unfortunately again Germany or to be more precisely German voters seem to have little interest in more shared liability or social reforms in Europe. The outcome of the federal elections from September 24th 2017 is accordingly: the conservatives, the liberals and the far-right AfD together gained 56 per cent of the votes. The hefty voter-shift from the conservatives and social democrats to the AfD, as well as the formidable re-entering of the liberal party (FDP) in the German parliament can be easily explained with subtle euroscepticism among Germans. It is not surprising as the notion among the public prevails that they have to pay for everything and everyone, get no or little solidarity in return (as it was seemingly the case during the migration crisis) and are furthermore expected to compensate for the lacking financial prudence of indebted countries.
Christian Lindner (leader of the Free Democratic Party – FDP) heavily benefited by identifying this sentiment and further exploiting it by conducting an anti-solidarity discourse in the pre-election period. During a speech on a political rally he compared the idea of Macron's Eurozone Budget to a "Cash-pipeline" for permanent transfer payments from Germany to indebted receiver countries; a verbal image, so poisonous, leading AfD-speaker Alexander Gauland probably choked back his anger over not coming up with it himself. Also, all surveys indicate that the Free Democratic party is held in high esteem among AfD voters.
The reckless austerity politics of Wolfgang Schaeuble and Angela Merkel during the euro crisis gave rise to fringe parties of all kind in the EU: the Five Star Movement in Italy (where they have a fair chance of winning the elections in March 2018), Podemos in Spain, the Marxist Left Bloc in the Portuguese Government and of course Syriza and the neo-Nazi party Chrysi Avgi in Greece. Staggeringly enough the public opinion in Germany did not link the ascent of these movements to the harmful policies of the conservatives and that they would eventually further European disintegration and inflict lasting damage to the European project.
Therefore a left progressive alliance and policies relying on expansive fiscal measures, investing in infrastructure, bolstering demand by raising domestic wages and seeking further coordination of social policies on the level of the monetary union as the way to sort out the mess of the euro crisis and revitalise faith and trust in the EU never had any realistic chance of gaining wide support among German voters.
The so-called immigration crisis further increased scepticism and exposed the current inability and reluctance of the EU to cooperate and show solidarity; again Germany playing an inglorious role during the course of it.
As it stands Emmanuel Macron is waiting for Germany to build a new government. But however the outcome: any coalition without the social democrats (which would have to involve the FDP) would never agree to Macrons fiscal and social plans for the EU. A remake of a battered grand coalition – what seems to be the likeliest option at the moment – between the conservatives and what is left of the social democrats could at least give Macron some time to actually see some of his proposals for the Eurozone and the EU implemented. He will be in dire need of succeeding in wresting monetary and fiscal concessions from Germany. Otherwise National Front leader Marie Le Pen will (rightly) accuse him of having failed like Francois Hollande before him in doing so.
In Germany the right-wing AfD and the Free Democrats both effectively styled themselves as harsh critics of the coalition between Angela Merkel's Christian Democratic Union and the social democrats. If a newly forged grand coalition decides to embrace Macrons social initiatives for Europe and thus to make compromises that will be perceived as unpalatable by many voters at home, the AfD and FDP will seize every opportunity to further milk euro-sceptic sentiments among a weary German population – and their chances of success are all but slim.
Clemens Lukitsch is a student of economic and political science. In the past he has worked as columnist and editor for The European Magazine. In Summer 2017 together with a friend he launched the political podcast Grautoene: http://www.grautoene.net/
(Photo: private)


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Idaho Potato Bowl: Final takeaways ... and a first look at the 2020 Wolf Pack
Here are some final takeaways from the bowl loss, along with an early look at some of the storylines to watch for in the 2020 season.
Idaho Potato Bowl: Final takeaways ... and a first look at the 2020 Wolf Pack Here are some final takeaways from the bowl loss, along with an early look at some of the storylines to watch for in the 2020 season. Check out this story on rgj.com: https://www.rgj.com/story/sports/2020/01/07/idaho-potato-bowl-2020-nevada-wolf-pack-football-season/2833351001/
Duke Ritenhouse, Reno Gazette Journal Published 3:57 p.m. PT Jan. 7, 2020
Nevada receiver Cole Turner (19) makes a catch near the sideline during the first half of the Famous Idaho Potato Bowl. (Photo: Brian Losness, Brian Losness-USA TODAY Sports)
Nevada's 2019 football season ended with a 30-21 loss to Ohio in the Famous Idaho Potato Bowl and a 7-6 overall record (4-4 in Mountain West games).
Here are some final takeaways from the bowl loss, along with an early look at some of the storylines to watch for when preparation for the 2020 season begins this spring.
Defense gets a tough assignment
Defending a balanced offensive attack like Ohio's was always going to be a challenge, especially when it's in the hands of a veteran such as Bobcats quarterback Nathan Rourke. Defending it while also being shorthanded and introducing some new coaches makes the task exponentially harder.
On Friday in Boise, it was a task that was just too much for Nevada's restructured defense. Playing without three usual starters — along with a fourth that sat out the first half — and with three new defensive coaches, the Wolf Pack gave up too many big plays and left Rourke and his running backs with way too much open space when the Bobcats went to the option.
The results were mostly predictable. Ohio finished with 285 rushing yards (averaging 5.7 yards per attempt) and scored on its first six possessions to take a 30-9 lead with less than six minutes left in the third quarter. But give Nevada credit for playing hard in the red zone — three of those Ohio drives ended with short field goals — and for limiting the Bobcats to 144 passing yards and no scores through the air.
Elijah Cooks continues starring role
It's not like Nevada's Elijah Cooks wasn't good at catching footballs before 2019, but he was nothing short of spectacular at it this season.
Playing in a crowded receiving corps last season, Cooks finished with 22 receptions and 348 yards. But he emerged as the unit's leader this season, especially when injuries to Kaleb Fossum and Romeo Doubs put the spotlight even more firmly upon him. And, despite being the Wolf Pack's clear guy-who-should-be-covered, Cooks only seemed to get better as the season went on, finishing the year with 76 catches, 926 yards, and eight touchdowns. Ohio certainly couldn't cover him — a rare down spot for the Bobcats in their win — with Cooks eventually winding up with 14 catches for nearly 200 yards.
He also seems to have developed a radar-like bond with quarterback Carson Strong (more on him below); if that continues in 2020, the ceiling will be awfully high on the Pack's passing game.
The fourth was the Pack's quarter
When the final horn went off to end Nevada's season, the Wolf Pack owned some fairly interesting statistics.
For instance, despite finishing with a winning record, Nevada was actually outscored by 138 points (or an average of 10.6 every time it took the field). The Wolf Pack also finished 5-1 in games decided by a touchdown or less — and the one loss came in overtime.
Ohio quarterback Nathan Rourke (12) fumbles after being hit by Nevada's Dom Peterson during the Famous Idaho Potato Bowl at Albertsons Stadium. (Photo: Brian Losness/USA TODAY Sports)
One of Nevada's most interesting trends also continued against Ohio. The Wolf Pack, behind two timely fumble recoveries (both by Sam Hammond), outscored the Bobcats, 12-0, in the fourth quarter. That gave Nevada a 97-57 scoring edge over the season in the fourth, easily the team's best result for any of the four quarters.
The totals were even more impressive in the Pack's seven wins. In those games, Nevada outscored its opponents, 64-17, with only San Jose State and San Diego State scoring in the fourth.
Quarterback looks set
After a season with some unexpected drama at the quarterback position, the Wolf Pack will open 2020 in great shape at the spot — and without any uncertainty.
Barring injury, illness, or complete weirdness, Carson Strong should be taking the snaps next season.
Strong generally played on an upward curve during his freshman season, finishing up with his two best outings (although both were losses). He threw for 351 yards against UNLV, then topped that with a career-high 402 in the bowl loss to Ohio.
For the season, Strong played in 10 games and finished with 2,335 yards and 11 touchdown passes. All the while giving Wolf Pack fans a glimpse of the future at the quarterback spot.
The Union will be one year better
Nevada listed 10 offensive linemen on its two-deep depth chart for the Idaho Potato Bowl. And not one of them was a senior.
That's a piece of good news for a unit that struggled at times this season, falling into extended sequences of too many penalties and not enough open holes (the unit was recently ranked 123rd of 130 FBS offensive lines by Pro Football Focus). The group that returns for spring practice will be filled with veterans — including both centers, a huge key to success in a shotgun formation — who now have the experience of a 13-game grind.
Read more Wolf Pack sports news:
'We just didn't do enough' — Potato Bowl reaction from Jay Norvell, players
Men's basketball: Nevada looks to keep momentum going at San Jose State
Men's basketball: Smooth Jazz, Johnson scores career-high as Nevada beats Boise State
For more on the Wolf Pack, college sports, and Reno's baseball and soccer teams, follow the author at @RGJduke. Digital subscriptions to the Reno Gazette Journal begin at as little as $1 a month; click here for details.
Spanish Springs states its case; Manogue wins a thriller
Damonte HS evacuated due to flooding; games on schedule
Garciaparra calls cheating scandal "sad day" for baseball


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Review: James Wesley honors Merle Haggard with 'Mama Tried' Special
By Markos Papadatos May 28, 2018 in Music
On May 26, country star James Wesley paid tribute to the late country king Merle Haggard at The Moses Lake Spring Festival.
Wesley sang the upbeat Merle Haggard classic "Mama Tried," where he showcased his rich, baritone voice, which was nostalgic and his voice was smooth as silk. One thing is for sure, they don't make country music like this anymore. It doesn't get any more "real" than Wesley singing A video of Merle Haggard performing the song displayed on the background televised screen, which made it a fitting tribute to the country legend, who was affectionately known as "The Poet of the Common Man."
To learn more about The Moses Lake Spring Festival, check out its official website.
On June 30, James Wesley will be performing at the at the 14th annual Flagpole Festival in Kansas. This event is in honor of the 150th anniversary of Mound Valley, Kansas, which is Wesley's hometown. More information on the 150th anniversary of Mound Valley can be obtained on its official Facebook page.
For more information on country sensation James Wesley, check out his official Facebook page.
More about James Wesley, Merle haggard, mama tried, Country
James Wesley Merle haggard mama tried Country
Ramin Djawadi scores 2019 Emmy nomination for 'Game of Thrones'


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Fleeing Woman Returned to Saudi Arabia Against Her Will
A fleeing Saudi woman faces grave risks after being returned to Saudi Arabia against her will while in transit in the Philippines, Human Rights Watch said today. Saudi authorities should ensure that Dina Ali Lasloom, 24, is not subjected to violence from her family or prosecution by Saudi authorities for trying to flee, Human Rights Watch said.
On April 10, 2017, Saudi activists posted videos that appeared to show Lasloom at Manila's international airport pleading not to be returned because she feared her family would kill her. The Saudi embassy in the Philippines issued a statement on April 12 saying that Lasloom's return was a "family matter." Read more here:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/04/14/fleeing-woman-returned-saudi-arabia-against-her-will


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Research Collections (19)
Reference & Dictionaries (1)
Legal Commentaries (1)
Elgar Advanced Introductions (1)
Trade in Water Under International Law
Fitzgerald Temmerman
It is clear that more sustainable and efficient use of fresh water resources will become crucial in future global water management to avoid major threats to biological life. Trade in Water Under International Law offers a careful and well-reasoned introduction and analysis of this emerging and largely unchartered subject of international trade law, which has hitherto been of key importance in domestic law and policy, exploring the potential and limits of addressing the use of water resources in the context of World Trade Organization law. Learn More
Compliance and Enforcement of Environmental Law
Edited by Lee Paddock, David L. Markell, Nicholas S. Bryner
Countries throughout the world have adopted increasingly comprehensive environmental laws over recent years. Even so, immense challenges remain to achieve desired sustainability outcomes. One of the key problems in bridging the gap between legal requirements and sustainability outcomes is deficiencies in compliance and enforcement programs. Compliance and Enforcement of Enviromental Law, one of the constituent volumes in the Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law, brings together leading experts to provide a detailed overview of compliance and enforcement tools. The entries are structured around key topics, including: common law causes of action, writing enforceable rules, monitoring and reporting requirements, administrative enforcement, civil judicial enforcement, assessment of civil penalties, and criminal liability. The book also addresses targeting efforts to maximize the value of limited resources and ways of measuring compliance to help ensure that results are obtained using the relevant tools. Learn More
Hybridization of Food Governance
Edited by Paul Verbruggen, Tetty Havinga
Modern food governance is increasingly hybrid, involving not only government, but also industry and civil society actors. This book analyzes the unfolding interplay between public and private actors in global and local food governance. How are responsibilities and risks allocated in hybrid governance arrangements, how is legitimacy ensured, and what effects do these arrangements have on industry or government practices? The expert contributors draw on law, economics, political science and sociology to discuss these questions through rich empirical cases. Learn More
Biodiversity and Nature Protection Law
Edited by Elisa Morgera, Jona Razzaque
The unprecedented degradation of the planet's vital ecosystems and species, and the consequent damage to the variability of life on Earth, are one of the most pressing issues confronting the international community. The purpose of this volume of the Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law is to provide a critical assessment of international biodiversity law in the face of the failed attempts to reduce the global trend in irreversible biodiversity loss and the need to increase efforts, including through indirect drivers of change such as institutions, governance and legal frameworks. Learn More
Regulating Shale Gas
Leonie Reins
Regulating Shale Gas discusses the regulatory context of shale gas in the European Union and draws conclusions on the EU's broader approach towards the regulation of new technologies. Providing the first dedicated examination of the overall regulatory context of shale gas in the EU, Leonie Reins reveals how the EU's new constitutional setup after the Lisbon Treaty has complicated rather than facilitated the EU's quest for a common energy policy. Learn More
Global Environmental Protection through Trade
Barbara Cooreman
Despite an increasing global awareness of environmental concerns, setting internationally binding and ambitious commitments has proven exceedingly complex. As states are seeking alternative methods to support global environmental protection, this book takes a closer look at the possibility of using national trade measures that make market access conditional on the environmental impact of the production process abroad. Learn More
Environmental Regimes in Asian Subregions
Simon Marsden
Informed by international law, international relations and environment management scholarship, this interdisciplinary analysis of environmental regimes in Asian subregions proposes a new regime for the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau based on China's cooperation with its south Asian neighbors. Learn More
Research Handbook on Climate Change and Agricultural Law
Edited by Mary Jane Angelo, Anél Du Plesis
Bringing together scholars from across the globe, this timely book astutely untangles the climate-food web and critically explores the nexus between climate change, agriculture and law, upon which food security and climate resilient development depends. Learn More
EU Environmental Law
Geert Van Calster, Leonie Reins
EU Environmental Law discusses the reality for legal practice throughout the EU, as environmental law of the Member States is becoming ever less 'national'. Consequentially European environmental regulation is becoming more complex and interrelated, making it an emerging field of study for European law graduates, and an area of increasing exposure to the legal profession. This book gives readers a thorough overview of core European environmental law, with a section on the basic framework and principles, as well as on substantive law issues giving insight into the legislation in the different sectors and the most topical developments. Learn More
From Environmental Action to Ecoterrorism?
Gerald Nagtzaam
This book scrutinizes the growth of the 'eco-terrorism' movement operating on a global scale, focusing on the main groups and their more radical offshoots, both historically and those currently active. These include Earth First!, the Earth Liberation Front, the Animal Liberation Front and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. It critically examines how these groups form and how they have evolved, their key personnel, their strategies and tactics, principles, motivating philosophies and attitudes to violence. Specifically, the book seeks to understand whether such groups inevitably evolve from activists to militants to terrorists, as the literature suggests. Lastly, it considers the future of such groups, asking whether they will become more prominent as more people become ecologically aware and as global environmental conditions deteriorate, or whether such groups have peaked as a force for environmental change. Learn More
Charting the Water Regulatory Future
Edited by Julien Chaisse
This book is about the issues, challenges and directions currently faced by water as a key resource for mankind. The book aims at providing a finer understanding of the water regulatory future. The contributions in this book are grouped around specific themes. In Part I, the contributions address the water challenge to public international law. In Part II, the authors explore the most pressing ethical, legal, and social issues. In Part III, the discussion covers the economic drivers shaping the future of water. Learn More
Research Handbook on Climate Change and Trade Law
Edited by Panagiotis Delimatsis
The interaction between climate change and trade has grown in prominence in recent years. This Research Handbook contains authoritative original contributions from leading experts working at the interface between trade and climate change. It maps the state of affairs in such diverse areas as: carbon credits and taxes, sustainable standard-setting and trade in 'green' goods and services or investment, from both a regional and global perspective. Panagiotis Delimatsis redefines the interrelationship of trade and climate change for future scholarship in this area. Learn More
Research Handbook on Emissions Trading
Edited by Stefan E. Weishaar
Research Handbook on Emissions Trading examines the origins, implementation challenges and international dimensions of emissions trading. It pursues an interdisciplinary approach drawing on law, economics and at times, political science, to present relevant research strands regarding emissions trading. Intermixing theoretical insights with experiences from existing trading systems, this Handbook offers insights that can be applied around the world. It identifies key bodies of research for both upcoming and seasoned people in the field and highlights future research opportunities. Learn More
Waste Management and the Green Economy
Edited by Katharina Kummer Peiry, Andreas R. Ziegler, Jorun Baumgartner
Can waste become a profitable business rather than a costly problem, creating green business opportunities and green jobs while protecting the environment? Might this reduce illegal trade and improper recycling of hazardous wastes by making the legitimate alternatives more attractive? Addressing these questions, this book examines environmentally sound waste management as a driver in the transition to a green economy, and discusses how this transition is challenged by technical limitations, weak regulatory environments and lack of financial incentives. Learn More
Research Handbook on Fundamental Concepts of Environmental Law
Edited by Douglas Fisher
The quality and the strength of an environmental legal system is a reflection of the conceptual foundations upon which it is constructed. The Research Handbook on Fundamental Concepts of Environmental Law illuminates key aspects of environmental governance through the lens of their underlying dimensions: for example, the form, structure and language of international, regional and national instruments; the function of norms, objectives and standards; and the relevance of economic analysis and of integrated policy formulation. Learn More
Research Handbook on International Law and Natural Resources
Edited by Elisa Morgera, Kati Kulovesi
Research Handbook on International Law and Natural Resources provides a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the role of international law in regulating the exploration and exploitation of natural resources. It illuminates interactions and tensions between international environmental law, human rights law and international economic law. It also discusses the relevance of soft law, international dispute settlement, as well as of various unilateral, bilateral, regional and transnational initiatives in the governance of natural resources. While the Handbook is accessible to those approaching the subject for the first time, it identifies pressing areas for further investigation that will be of interest to advanced researchers. Learn More
Decision Making in Environmental Law
Edited by Lee Paddock, Robert L. Glicksman, Nicholas S. Bryner
Environmental issues are at the heart of some of the most complex and consequential decisions that society must face in pursuit of a more sustainable future. They encompass the international, national, and local levels and engage all branches of government. Decision Making in Environmental Law, one of the constituent volumes in the Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law, brings together some of the leading experts in the field and provides a structured overview of the various dimensions of decision making from an environmental law perspective. Topics include: the use of treaties, common law tools, rulemaking, access to information, regulatory structures, market-based and trading mechanisms, monitoring and reporting, voluntary programs and private regulation, environmental impact analysis, public engagement and environmental justice, administrative and judicial review, and the role of environmental courts and tribunals. Learn More
The Concept of Climate Migration
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This timely book offers a unique interdisciplinary inquiry into the prospects of different political narratives on climate migration. It identifies the essential angles on climate migration – the humanitarian narrative, the migration narrative and the climate change narrative – and assesses their prospects. The author contends that although such arguments will influence global governance, they will not necessarily achieve what advocates hope for. He discusses how the weaknesses of the concept of 'climate migration' are likely to be utilized in favour of repressive policies against migration or for the defence of industrial nations against perceived threats from the Third World. Learn More
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Cordial Trends in 2017 Point Towards Changing Tastes
by: Jack Robertiello
Cordials and liqueurs have long been a staple on the backbar. But there's been a shift from the super-sweet, brightly colored concoctions to more natural and even savory formulations.
Take the emergence of the bitter Italian amaros. Brands such as Campari, Aperol and others have always been included in the cordial category, as they are in many cases nearly as sweet as more fruit-driven liqueurs.
But until 10 years ago, amaros were mainly found in Italian restaurants, in classic cocktails like the Negroni or as the bartender's favorite shot (namely Fernet Branca), consumed mostly by hardcore fans.
Amaros may not yet command an enormous volume, but they are part of the confluence of trends affecting consumption of cordials and liqueurs.
The Iron Lion, with J. Wray silver rum, Chateau Arton Peche liqueur, Dolin Blanc vermouth, passion fruit-honey syrup and Boulder Blues and hibiscus petals sun tea, is one of the Monarch's Terrace on draft.
The catch-all cordials and liqueurs category includes fruits, creams, schnapps, sours and amaros, as well as flavored whiskies. Consumption was flat in 2016, according to data from The Beverage Information & Insights Group's 2017 Liquor Handbook.
Most growth down to the cinnamon-flavored whiskey Fireball and other flavored whiskies and moonshines including Jack Daniel's, Jim Beam, Evan Williams, Ole Smoky, Junior Johnson and Wild Turkey.
In fact, the entire category's growth from 2011 can be ascribed mostly to Fireball, which has overtaken Jagermeister as the best-selling cordial. Fireball went from 350,000 cases in 2011 to 4.58 million last year, an increase that outstripped the category's entire growth over that same period.
The top-three domestic brands—DeKuyper, Southern Comfort and Hiram Walker—accounted for about 4.5 million cases in 2011; last year that number was down to less than 3.9 million. Among imports, the three leaders in 2011 (Jagermeister, Baileys and Kahlua) accounted for about 4.8 million cases; that fell to around 3.8 million in 2016.
Not Too Sweet
Many classics, especially orange-based liqueurs, still do well as cocktail consumption soars. But the American palate and preferences are changing from fruity, tart and sweet, to more herbal, whiskey-based and bitterly complex.
The liqueur category stalwarts have also been challenged by a number of factors. One is the emergence of newer cordials and amaros. There's also the preference for higher-end ingredients with more natural flavors, and the growth of house-made syrups and infusions.
The four-unit Urban Farmer modern steakhouse chain, operated by Denver-based Sage Restaurant Group, does rely frequently on liqueurs. But the shift to more herbal types is prominent, says Josue Moreno, a senior restaurant manager who also heads up the beverage program at Urban Farmer in Portland, OR.
Like many bars attached to restaurants with seasonal influences, Urban Farmer outlets also are opting for locally made cordials and liqueurs to bolster their farm-to-table credentials. But the classics still rule.
"I love to use Chartreuse, both yellow and green," says Moreno. "It's one of the oldest spirits around, and there is so much going on from the first sip through the mid-palate to the finish, that it mixes really well with a number of other spirits in building cocktails.".
Classic and Craft Brands
Jared Sadoian, assistant bar director at Boston's award-winning The Hawthorne, agrees. He points out that older classics such as Benedictine, maraschino and curaçao are essential ingredients among the 35 or so liqueurs the Hawthorne uses frequently.
In fact, he notes, when The Hawthorne opened in late 2011, the beverage team made a conscious decision to use well-made brands of cordials rather than creating house syrups for sweetening and flavoring cocktails.
"We were more interested in seeking out commercially made products that have a story and are made in a way we believe in, that could provide more consistency and flavor than something we could make in-house," Sadoian says.
The folks at the Hawthorne sought out specific and often pricier brands that offer flavor profiles close to the original source. "As more and more people are focusing on how to differentiate their cocktails from another or how to introduce novel flavors, there are more companies trying to provide those flavors for them," Sadoian says. He mentions a number of French suppliers, such as Combier, Mathilde and Giffard, that produce liqueurs that differ in flavor, sweetness and price from more colorful and sugary flavors widely sold at retail. "Sometimes the major brands can be too sweet," Sadoian notes, "although when we need a good sweet component—as long as we write our recipes properly—we can balance that out."
Left, The Monarch Cocktail Bar and Lounge opened this past August in Kansas City with an ambitious beverage program, including a Negroni cart.
The Monarch Cocktail Bar and Lounge opened in August in Kansas City with an ambitious beverage program. The bar wanted to incorporate the full range of flavor possibilities, from classic to modern, bitter to sweet, with international representation.
"The entire point of the list was to be globally inspired, with liqueurs and cordials from every country in all sorts of styles and types, including cordials and amaros," says general manager Mark Church. Smaller, classic European brands such as the gentian liqueur Suze, the wine-based aperitif Cappelletti and others are part of the "bitter is the new cordial" trend, he says.
"Our clientele's palates are getting more diverse, and they're wanting more complexity in drinks and ingredients, and that's where these liqueurs come in," Church says. "It's great to have a lot of options, and our customers notice our drinks are different, with flavors that are more complex."
He also points out the novelty factor: Cocktail consumers today want to learn more about the obscure brands they discover. And that gives bartenders an opportunity to engage them in conversation about the cocktails and the ingredients.
Syrups are important at the Monarch, as well, primarily when trying to develop an otherwise unavailable flavor. The bar boasts a number of unique, house-made syrups.from fresh berry Sauterne to black garlic yogurt,
But cordials with more complex flavors aren't easily replicated. That's why Monarch frequently uses liqueurs such as maraschino, marasca cherry cordial, Chartreuse, Campari and Pierre Ferrand Dry Curaçao. The bar offers more than 20 liqueurs, priced from $4 to $40 per oz., and more than 30 amari ($4 to $18 an oz.).
The Monarch's Terrace offers three iced cocktails on draft that are also available in a large format that serves four people. The De La Cruz cocktail, made with J. Wray silver rum, Chateau Arton Peche liqueur, Dolin Blanc vermouth, passion fruit-honey syrup and Boulder Blues and hibiscus petals sun tea, is one. It's priced at $14 or $45 for a large format.
Reinventing the Classics
The bartenders at Monarch also have been working on tweaking well-established ingredients. For instance, they make an apple-infused Aperol.
Another spin is the bar's applewood-smoked Grand Marnier, which adds sweet smoke to the Cognac backbone of the classic French liqueur. It's used in The Monarch Terrace's Wanderlust Julep cocktail, along with Chateau Arton Fine Blanche Armagnac, Appleton Estate Signature Blend rum, Cinzano 1757 and Cascara-scented J. Rieger & Co. Caffé Amaro liqueur.
"We're a Kansas City cocktail bar, and everybody knows we in Kansas City love our barbeque and smoke," Church says.
But the Monarch's broadest usage of sweeter products comes with its Negroni cart. "We realized having a simple one-to-one-to-one cocktail with equal parts bitter, strong and sweet gave us a lot of room to move around," says Church.
In some cases, resulting Negroni variants ultimately include up to 10 ingredients. For instance, the El Pilli is an agave-based variant, made with three mezcals, a blend of Cardamaro, Cynar and Ancho Reyes chile liqueur, with prickly pear, ginger liqueur and molé bitters.
To make these drinks tableside, the staff prepares the strong, sweet or bitter mixtures that include three or four ingredients well in advance to be stored in decanters on the cart. This enables servers to discuss the drink while they stir, pour and talk with customers. "It gives us a pretty big canvas to work on," Church says.
Versatility Rules
Finding cordials and liqueurs that can work in many drinks is key, says Simon Vazquez, general manager of Wild Standard in Boulder, CO. "I would say versatility is key right now, which is why we carry so many flavors," Vazquez notes. "With the ever-expanding world of spirits, and the availability of great ingredients, you want something tailored to your specific need."
Cocktails such as the Corpse Reviver #2 and the Last Word, which call for four ingredient at equal parts, are a great framework for many recipes and a good way to integrate liqueurs into drinks, Vazquez says. "We carry more than 90 different liqueurs and fortified wines, which gives us a lot of different flavor profiles to play with."
Boston cocktail bar The Hawthorne, where some discerning guests will look at the liqueur bottles on offer and ask questions about what's in them.
Bartenders at Wild Standard are lately drawing inspiration from Tiki culture. This has opened the door to a technique similar to what the Monarch is doing with the Negroni cart: creating house mixes.
For instance, Wild Standard's Tropics Mix, combines creme de cassis, velvet falernum, Pimm's Cup Number One, gentiane liqueur and Giffard banana liqueur. The Monk's Mix green Chartreuse, yellow Chartreuse, Boomsma Cloosterbitter liqueur and Benedictine
"We'll use a one-quarter or one-half ounce, and that really drives the complexity of the drink—allowing you to get all those flavors together in small quantities," Vazquez says. "You might say the whole is greater than the sum of the parts."
Wild Standard also uses a combination of banana and coffee liqueurs in the cocktail There's Always Money in the Banana, a crushed-ice, Swizzle-type drink made with rums and juices. "The two together create a flavor combination that would be hard to replicate with anything else," Vazquez says.
Other liqueur cocktails include Monks in the Mosh Pit (pictured atop, left), with Laws "secale" rye whiskey, Monk's Mix, Angostura and Peychaud's bitters and an absinthe rinse, and Say Your Pisco with Waqar pisco, Pimms #1, Pamplemousse grapefruit liqueur and lemon juice.
The Monarch's De La Cruz cocktail ($13), with Carpano Antica Bianco, graham-cracker-infused Barbadillo amontillado sherry, Barbadillo cream sherry and yellow chartreuse.
At The Townsend cocktail bar in Philadelphia, tweaking classic drinks has made room for more use of sweeter spirits, says bar manager Jeff Jagger. The Townsend serves a Manhattan variation made with two of the lighter amaros—Amaro Nonino and Meletti—replacing half the sweet vermouth.
The Townsend also relies on syrups quite a bit, with as many as 12 in use at any time. When it comes to cordials, bartenders favor newer producers at the higher-end, such as the broad range of classic liqueurs including creme de cassis, creme de cacao and creme de menthe from Novato, CA-based Tempus Fugit Spirits.
But the basics are always in demand. "Nothing can replace a Campari or a Benedictine or a Cointreau," Jagger says. "If you want to make these classic cocktails, they are a necessity."
Do consumers care about natural flavors and ingredients in liqueurs? For the most part, no, says Sadoian at The Hawthorne.
"Many probably can't tell the difference between an artificial banana or butterscotch schnapps and the things made from real flavors," he notes. "But we are seeing a lot of folks who are a little more discerning coming into the Hawthorne or [sister restaurant] Eastern Standard, who see the bottles and ask questions."
And for many upscale restaurants with seasonally changing food programs, higher-end cordials offer a chance to capture the flavors that may be in season but not available in a certain region.
In Boston, "We go for long periods of the year without fresh, local berries," Sadoian says. "These liqueurs let us have a snapshot of the fruit at its absolute ripest or from a place known for producing fantastic fruit, and that helps make for much better cocktails."
Jack Robertiello is a wine and spirits writer and judge based in Brooklyn, NY. Read his recent piece: These Cocktails and Bars Have Helped Gin Rebound.
cordials cordials trends cordials trends 2017 cordials trends cocktails cordials trends cocktails 2017
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LAB KELPIE
Theatre Company working in Meat Market
About Lab Kelpie
Lab Kelpie Inc. is a not-for-profit theatre company dedicated to the production of new work by Australian playwrights.
We are passionate about providing presentation opportunities for Australian playwrights that put their story at the centre of the work, encouraging them to take risks and inspire audiences with the themes and messages they want to explore.
Formed in 2012 by Artistic Director Lyall Brooks and Creative Producer Adam Fawcett we have presented 94 performances across 14 venues, 6 festivals and 3 countries to over 6,000 people.
Recently described as one of Australia's most exciting independent theatre companies on the rise (Maxim Boon, The Music 2016), we are now supported by a board of management consisting of a range of leading industry representatives.
Our previous two shows, A Prudent Man and Spencer (both by Katy Warner), garnered critical and audience praise, including two five-star reviews each, and both will tour nationally from 2018. A Prudent Man won the Audience Choice Award from over 460 shows at the 2016 Melbourne Fringe Festival and has since been nominated for a 2016 Green Room Award for Best New Writing and programmed at the 2017 Darwin, Brisbane and Hawkes Bay (NZ) Festivals.
What attracted you to the space and what makes your studio suitable for your practice?
Our Meat Market space is where Lab Kelpie's vision comes to life!
It allows the day-to-day running of the company by our Artistic Director and Creative Producer, while also providing the space to collaborate and discuss work and projects with our playwrights, creative teams and board members.
As collaborators, working from a creative hub of like-minded artists excites and inspires us.
labkelpie.com
facebook.com/labkelpie
"Our Meat Market space is where Lab Kelpie's vision comes to life! As collaborators, working from a creative hub of like-minded artists excites and inspires us. "
Currently works at
North Melbourne $100+ per hour