The report studies and describes the big data pharmaceutical advertising market in terms of volume and value. The market volume is provided in terms of thousand units; whereas the value for the market is provided in terms of USD million from 2018-2024. The geography (Asia-Pacific, Europe, America & ROW) focusing on key countries in each region. It also covers market drivers, restraints, opportunities, challenges, and key issues in the big data pharmaceutical advertising.
Our report studies the global big data pharmaceutical advertising market and covers historical and forecast data for application, regional and country.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
North America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Europe Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Asia Pacific Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Latin America Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Revenue (USD Million), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Revenue Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Consumption (K Unit), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Consumption Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit) and Growth Rate (%), 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Country, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit), By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Channel, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Market Production (K Unit), By Application, 2014 – 2024.
Middle East & Africa Big Data Pharmaceutical Advertising Production Market Share (%) By Application, 2014 – 2024.


LanguageLine Solutions is seeking a work-at-home trainer. You will be facilitating training to bilingual speakers applying for positions as interpreters. This is a full-time position. Specifically, you will be developing training materials, conducting training sessions, and evaluating candidates.
A relevant degree or certification is a plus, as is experience with voice recording over the Web and/or authoring software. If interested in learning more about this work-from-home opportunity, please see the original job listing. Good luck!


text:
Japanese surrender in the Pacific [picture]
Australia. Army. Military History and Information Section
PIC Album 409
1 album (20 photographs) ; 23.3 x 26.8 cm.
Australia. Army. Military History and Information Section. (1945). Japanese surrender in the Pacific Retrieved January 30, 2023, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-133319236
Australia. Army. Military History and Information Section. Japanese surrender in the Pacific : , 1945. Web. 30 January 2023 <http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-133319236>
Australia. Army. Military History and Information Section. 1945, Japanese surrender in the Pacific , viewed 30 January 2023 http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-133319236
| author1=Australia. Army. Military History and Information Section.
| title=Japanese surrender in the Pacific
| section=1 album (20 photographs) ; 23.3 x 26.8 cm.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home » News » Arms Sales and Security in the Gulf
Bussola Institute Honorary Board
Guest of honor
Arms Sales and Security in the Gulf
This Bussola workshop explored the dynamics of the international debate around sales of armaments and military equipment, with particular reference to the Gulf states. While US and European manufacturers remain the principal sources of military supply for Gulf customers, the Workshop examined the extent to which these long-standing relationships are likely to endure, and whether the growing importance of Asian markets for Gulf countries is likely to engender change, and what impact this could have on broader matters of regional security and the future shape of defence relationships between the Gulf states and the rest of the world.
Bussola Institute was established as an independent and not-for-profit, non-governmental organization, in Brussels in 2017, underpinned by the philosophy of fostering and enhancing relations between countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the European Union (EU), particularly in relation to political, social, economic, security and cultural issues.
As countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council embark on economic transformation for a post‐oil era, this economic, social and political transformation may change the established dynamics of their relationship with partners and allies. This seminar will discuss the impact these future transformation strategies.
Bussola Institute
Square de Meeûs 28 1000 Brussels
info@bussolainstitute.org
Copyright © 2018 Bussola Institute. All rights reserved


Stream Future's ambitious sophomore effort "Honest" in its entirety.
Fresh off rocking alongside Outkast at this past weekend's Coachella, Future Vandross tosses out a full stream of his sophomore effort Honest via MTV Artists. You can pre-order the album on iTunes now and surf through features from Pharrell, Kanye West, Drake, and more below.
Check out our recent convo with Future from F89 here.


Mark Zuckerberg (owner of Facebook) could never have imagined how his small communication network for students could have become one of the most popular marketing and business networking tools on earth. In a recent interview, Zuckerberg stated that people underestimate the power of Facebook's marketing potential, particularly in the mobile market. More people access Facebook pages on-the-go on their mobile devices (smartphones, iPads) than ever before. It's convenient and function-rich – providing users with the tools they need to capture information and it making browsing and buying fast and seamless.
That's good news for you and me. Today, I want to show you some of the potential the social network has for your small business.
Facebook pages allow you to promote your products and your services. If you use this opportunity wisely, you'll gain increasing visibility for your company.
How do you do it? The key is to strategically and consistently provide tips, advice, insights and useful statistics on your wall and to comment on pages belonging to your contacts.
One of the best features where marketing is concerned (although this is a paid marketing tool), is that Facebook pages allow you to create targeted and trackable ads. Facebook ads work on a pay-per-click basis and they can be tailored to target your audience according to gender, location and age.
Consumers are becoming increasingly reliant on "close relationships" with "responsive companies". They love the way a Facebook page allows them to quickly and easily interact with a spokesperson who responds in person, whether it's on your wall or via instant messaging.
Keep it interactive with videos, pictures, questions, and humour.
Keep it personal – don't only post professionally edited content.
If you have a website, Facebook Pages can help boost your Google rankings. When you create a Facebook Page, you will create a professional business profile complete with products and services as well as a link to your website, affiliate URL or to a different site for reference.
Facebook delivers results to over 1 billion search queries a day. Most of them are for people, but a large chunk involves searches for company Facebook pages, brands and applications. Yours could be one of them.
Your company is never too small for people to look for it on Facebook. If you deliver good service, people will follow you online. Stick up a sign inviting people to like your page. If you can't put up a sign, have it printed on a business card, pamphlet, brochure or have your receipts pre-printed with all your contact details and remind them to like you on Facebook.
Likes increase your reach, which is the amount of people who see your posts. With Facebook's new tool, you can pay a negligible fee to increase your reach. This means that your posts will not only show up in the feeds of your fans, but also of non-fans. That boosts viral growth.
My friend, those likes will become your pre-qualified target audience. You can run specials, promotions and competitions for your fans that will encourage them to buy what you have to offer.
If you don't have a Facebook page for your small business yet, you are missing out on a huge local and international market. You are missing the unique opportunity to be in your customers' thoughts every day – even when they have not been to your store or office for a while – in an inobtrusive way. By having them like and share your Facebook page posts, your Google rankings (and reach) increase without you lifting another finger.


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Could striking French rail workers bring France to a standstill once again?
rail workerstrains
French rail workers have threatened all out war against the government over planned reforms of the country's rail system, but can they really paralyse the country like they did back in 1995?
In 1995 France was hit by the biggest social movement since 1968 as rail workers staged weeks of industrial action that crippled the country's train network.
Their action, part of a greater social movement against then Prime Minister Alain Juppé's planned retirement and welfare reforms is still remembered by many in France who were affected by the chaos that saw Paris hit by traffic gridlock and free boats provided to ferry people along the Seine to help them get home.
The main grievances for the railway workers back in 1995 were the loss of the right to retire at 55 and an SNCF restructuring plan which was to eliminate thousands of jobs.
Some 23 years later and French rail workers are once again up in arms and promising all out war against the government over its planned reforms to the rail sector and its state operator SNCF.
"We are surely on our way to one of the biggest union actions in the SNCF's history," Laurent Brun, head of the CGT Cheminots union said last month adding that he was ready to lead a month of strikes.
Chief among their gripes is the plan to end the special employment status of SNCF rail workers, known as cheminots, that allows them a job for life, automatic pay rises and early retirement. although only new recruits will be affected.
The cheminots insist they deserve these perks due to having to work weekends and holidays and claim most rail workers earn under the average wage.
They area also angry that French president Emmanuel Macron plans to pass the reforms by decree which would allow him to bypass parliament.
A strike has already been called for March 22nd - to coincide with a civil servants walk out - and Paris transport workers announced this week that they would be joining their colleagues out of solidarity.
However unions were due to announced the extent of their planned industrial action on Thursday. There are reports they may opt for a rolling strike over Easter.
But are they really about to bring the country to a standstill like they did in 1995 and once again force the government to shelve the reforms?
The French public don't believe so with 64 percent sceptical the unions can bring about a "total blockage" of the country.
'Government wary of causing too much anger'
While there is clearly anger among unions the government has been careful not to push their luck too far. For example while a report advised the government to close hundreds of kilometres of regional train lines around the country, the Prime Minister Edouard Philippe refused to back what clearly would have been an unpopular move in the eyes of the public.
The government has also declined to cut the perk of free tickets which rail workers and their family benefit from, another move which would have been extremely unpopular given that many cheminots chose to live far from their place of work knowing their transport costs were zero.
The perk of free and discounted tickets for workers and family members is believed to cost the state €25 million a year. SNCF managers are the ones who take most advantage of it and the government knows it needs them onside to pass the reform.
'Divided unions and declining power'
The French president and his prime minister will also be confident of avoided transport paralysis knowing that unions in France don't hold the same sway as they did back in 1995.
They are also divided. A rivalry has grown between the CGT and SUDRail, arguably the two most radical unions as they fight to gain influence over SNCF workers.
Other unions like the CFDT are more reformist and less militant which makes it hard for rail workers to nurture a unified response against the government.
The same divisions were seen in the reaction to Macron's labour reforms last year which passed into law after failing to provoke the huge street protests that unions had promised.
Government has public support
Another factor that stands in favour of the government is that it appears to have the support of the public. In a recent poll some 69 percent agreed that the special employment status of rail workers needs to be reformed.
Another poll revealed that for 58 percent of the public any strikes by rail workers over the planned reforms were "not justified".
And even 49 percent thought Macron's use of decrees rather than asking MPs in parliament to back the reforms was justified.
But back in 1995 public support for strikers was high as the movement was seen as a defence of the entire public sector.
"In 1995 all the French were cheminots," an unnamed advisor to the French prime minister told BFM TV, which was effectively the reason the then PM Juppé ditched his reforms.
Since then however some argue the view of the French public towards the rail sector has been damaged due to the frequent transport delays and disruptions they have had to suffer. While those problems are caused by under investment rather than the rail workers it means the public will be far less sympathetic to rolling strikes than they were in 1995.
Only time will tell if the public support remains in favour of the government and what impact repeated strikes will have.
Macron however has vowed not to stop reforming France.
"It will not stop tomorrow, nor next month, nor within three months," the president said.
Are these the 11 best train journeys to take in France?
French rail ticket prices to be slashed in bid to win back passengers
Germany's Siemens and France's Alstom couple train units
French rail unions vow all out war against government over reforms
Why are level crossings in France so deadly?
France's SNCF changes website name as part of rail rebranding
Train services resume at Montparnasse station after day of travel chaos
Why are queues being timed at French train stations this week?
Why are French rail workers protesting and are we in for more strikes?
France to get five new high speed train lines after government gives green light
In Images: Violent storms, floods and strong winds wreak havoc in France
France's heatwave subsides as violent thunderstorms cause train chaos


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What is the logical structure of this argument by a Hindu philosopher about causation?
The Khandana Khanda Khadya is a work by the 12th century Hindu philosopher Sri Harsha which in some sense sets out to disprove epistemology - it seeks to show that all putative means of knowledge, whether sensory observation, inference, or scriptural revelation, are ultimately invalid. That's because Sri Harsha subscribed to a Hindu Vedanta philosophy called Advaita, according to which the physical world is an illusion, and thus the means of knowledge which seem valid in the world of appearance do not capture the true nature of reality.
Now in section 2 of the Khandana Khanda Khadya, Sri Harsha responds to the argument that certain entities postulated by logic, like premises, conclusions, and the like, must be real because they're the cause of all philosophical discussion. Sri Harsha's response is that he agrees that those entities are the cause of all philosophical discussion, but he denies that they must therefore be real. He first argues that "[t]he non-real can have causal efficiency", i.e. that just because something is a cause doesn't mean it's real. And then he goes one step further and argues that "[c]ausal efficiency cannot belong to that which has real being", i.e. that if something is real then it can never be a cause! Here's his justification for the latter statement:
Causal efficiency cannot belong to that which has real being.
I. 'If a cause be that into the nature of which real existence enters as an essential element, then, for this very reason, the cause has no real being.'
II. 'If, on the other hand, real being does not essentially enter into the nature of the cause, then, for this very reason, the cause has not real being.'
The meaning of this stanza is as follows:—
I. If the nature of the cause be such that it implies as an essential element real existence, then to say that the generic character 'real existence' belongs to the cause would involve the absurdity of something (real existence) residing partially in itself (i. e. that real existence which goes to constitute the nature of the cause). Even if the thing qualified by real existence (i.e. the cause with such existence as an essential element of itself) were considered as something different from real existence (so that the said absurdity would not arise), we could not accept the real existence (in the latter sense, i. e. the real existence which is predicated of the cause) to be the same with the real being that enters into the nature of the cause; for it is a recognised principle that no more than a thing can reside in itself, can it reside in that of which it already is an essential attribute. It would therefore be necessary to assume another existence as residing in the cause qualified by existence ; and as this would mean that existence does not enter into the nature of the cause, the cause would have to be regarded as 'not really existing.' And if, in order to avoid this, we were to assume a series of existences, one after the other, there would be no end of such assumptions.
Nor will you escape from this predicament by taking the long step of assuming an infinity of different kinds of real existence. For if you assume different kinds of real existence, you relinquish the very foundation on which the generic conception of 'existence' rests, and hence lose the idea of even the first existence. Seeking to establish the notion of existence you thus have lost the basis of it, and are worse off than before! ...
II. Let us then consider the second alternative stated in para. 44, viz., that that which really is constitutes the cause, without 'real being' entering into it as an essential element.—On this view, we point out, that which has no real being also may be a cause, since real being and non-being equally do not enter into the nature of the cause.
Can someone please explain the logic of Sri Harsha's argument, especially the part in bold?
He seems to find some kind of contradiction between the statement "The nature of the cause is such that it implies as an essential element real existence." and the statement "The generic character 'real existence' belongs to the cause." I can barely even tell these two statements apart. But apparently he thinks that if both statements were true, that would imply that something resides partially in itself, which is impossible. And so he concludes that they cannot both be true. And then he argues that if the first statement is false, then we have no compelling reason to believe that the second statement is true.
None of this makes much sense to me, especially because the two statements seem so similar to each other. So can someone explain to me the difference between these two statements, and elucidate the logical structure of this argument?
Note that I previously posted a question about this passage on Hinduism Stackexchange here, but that was more about examining the argument in its religious context. Here I just wanted to focus on the logical structure.
logic argumentation existence causation hinduism
Keshav SrinivasanKeshav Srinivasan
It seems to me that the issue is not with "the logical structure of the argument", that seems very "poor", but with definitions: what is "real existence" and what is "real being" ? are they different ?
– Mauro ALLEGRANZA
@MauroALLEGRANZA No they're not, I can attest to the fact that they're one and the same. In any case, real existence is to be contrasted with apparent existence, i.e. Sri Harsha is willing to concede that a great many things seem to exist in the world of appearance, but he doesn't think those things ultimately exist in reality. For instance, Sri Harsha believes that the appearance of smoke is caused by fire which has apparent existence, but he denies that fire is real.
– Keshav Srinivasan
it also needs to be contrasted with generic existence: "existence as a generic is postulated only as a basis for the generic conception of existence as including under it all individual existences"
– Mozibur Ullah
@KeshavSrinivasan: whats the name of the book that the section is taken from?
@MoziburUllah Well, I think by "generic existence" Sri Harsha means "generic real existence". In any case, the work is called the Khandana Khanda Khadya, and you can read the whole thing here: books.google.com/books?id=BdAoAAAAYAAJ Note that this is an oddly formatted book; it's a journal, so it intersperses chunks of pages from the Khandana Khanda Khadya with chunks of pages on other works. But it specifies the page numbers you need to turn to, so hopefully it isn't too difficult to navigate.
The boldface passage is fairly easy to interpret, the rest of the argument not so much. Śri Harsha seems to deal with a one-level ontology similar to scholastics', where attributes (essential properties) are things in their own right. His "nature" seems to correspond to scholastic "essence", the sum total of attributes. To untangle the argument let us abbreviate "real existence" by the scholastic Latinism esse, which, like most scholastics (except Thomists), Śri Harsha considers an attribute.
Boldface argument: What he says in the boldface passage is that cause=(esse,...), where I list the constituting attributes in parentheses, and we can not have esse=cause because then esse=(esse,...). And this is not allowed because a thing can not be its own attribute ("the absurdity of something (real existence) residing partially in itself").
"Recognized principle": Then it gets murky. Śri Harsha allows that the thing, which is the cause, is not the esse itself but something more: thing=(esse,...). We also have cause=(esse,...), and I see no problem with thing=cause=(esse,...). But he does. For some reason the same esse can not underlie the thing both as a thing and as a cause, or rather it has to underlie it/them twice, thing=cause=(esse,esse,...) ("It would therefore be necessary to assume another existence as residing in the cause qualified by existence"). But according to the "recognized principle" nothing can be an attribute of the same thing twice ("no more... can it reside in that of which it already is an essential attribute").
Accidental esse: After that it gets even murkier. Apparently, we are now envisioning non-essential properties, perhaps what scholastics called accidentals, so we have to refine the notation. I will list accidentals after the vertical line. So we have something like thing=cause=(esse,...| esse,...), and while esse can not underlie the thing as a thing and the thing as a cause both essentially, it can apparently underlie one essentially, and the other, say the cause, only accidentally. That is not good enough though, "but then the cause would have to be regarded as 'not really existing'".
Multiple esses: Finally, the splitting of esse is allowed, say into esseT and esseC (actually, it seems that it was already done previously, and we tacitly had thing=cause=(esseT,...| esseC,...), but ok). Now we can have thing=cause=(esseT, esseC,...), which again I see no problem with. But Sri Harsha thinks that to get it to "really" exist we need to "unify" the two esses. So we get something like thing=cause=(esseT, esseC, esseTC...), and then an infinite regress. This does not deter him in itself, but even taking the "long step" of creating the requisite esses all at once does not work for another reason. Because the esse was supposed to be the "generic conception" of existence, and so had to unify all existences including all our specialized esses, which are thereby revealed as not esses at all, "seeking to establish the notion of existence you thus have lost the basis of it".
Summary: Try as I might, I seem to infer circularity at a key juncture of the argument. To apply the "recognized principle" Śri Harsha must claim (and appears to) that the same single esse can not be the attribute of the thing and the cause, both as such. But on his interpretation of real existence as an attribute this just rephrases the conclusion. Namely, that nothing really existent can be a cause, which is what he set out to prove. The rest of the argument does not seem to make up for it.
ConifoldConifold
Thanks, I think this explains the reasoning of the argument as well as it's ever going to be explained, since I agree with you that it's invalid. (I'm a Hindu, but I don't subscribe to the Advaita philosophy of Sri Harsha.) One question though: what does it mean does it mean for esse or real existence to underlie a thing as a cause? I can understand what it means for esse to underlie a thing as a thing: it means that that the thing is real. But I don't quite understand what it means for esse to underlie a thing as a cause.
If you read Sankara's introduction (entitled 'Adhyasa or Superimposition', and available here - wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/brahma-sutras/d/doc62753.html) to his commentary on the Brahma Sutras, it may clear up what is being said by the recognized principle and real existence.
@Keshav This is mostly my attempt to make sense of "we could not accept the real existence... to be the same with the real being that enters into the nature of the cause" and "it would therefore be necessary to assume another existence as residing in the cause qualified by existence". This suggests two esses, one making the thing be ("real existence"), the other making it be a cause, i.e. causing something else ("real being"). Since we can't have a separate esse actualizing each attribute one gets an impression that esse as an attribute is treated differently, but I am not sure why.
– Conifold
OK, "making a thing be" vs. "making it be a cause" distinction clarifies things a bit. But then in Sri Harsha's view, it's still possible for A to cause B without esse entering into the cause, right? So it's still kind of murky what it means for esse to enter into the cause.
@Conifold If you read the link I reference you will have a much better understanding. You can also see my comments after my answer on Hinduism SE for clarification. A desert is the 'cause' of a mirage insofar that there would be no mirage without the desert, but the desert is not aware of the mirage nor does it create the mirage. The mirage is created by the observer and has no real existence. Brahman is the 'cause' of the universe, but its (the universe's) existence is solely observed from within its confines...
If the causation of something is what makes it real, then the thing is not real until the causation process is completed. At the same time, the causation process is not real without the thing, as then it would not be a causation process, as it would have nothing to cause. So the causation exists only as an attribute of the thing caused, and not as any independent thing.
But the causation process itself has attributes, among them, the thing it is supposed to be causing. But the value of that attribute cannot actually be the as-yet-nonexistent thing to be caused, it must be some special version of or reference to that thing, with a subordinate less-real status of existing.
So this leads to a hierarchy of degrees of subordinate existence. The thing being caused does not yet exist, yet it must exist already for the causation itself to be well-defined in any way, so it exists 'subordinately', and the cause exists subordinately to it, and so forth, and so on.
So if there is any existence involved, there are infinitely many separate layers of existence. Unfortunately, this is a descending tower, we cannot find the most basic way in which either the causation process itself or the thing it results in would exist. So how can any of this pile of causations get started?
So if causation exists, it is not a real thing, only an attribute of the caused thing. And thus all causation is the causation of the real by the unreal.
+1: good answer, and intuitively plausible; it's got me interested in causation...
@MoziburUllah Not that I believe this... I am just trying to pull the argument above over into modern parlance. To my mind, this breaks down over the antinomy of the continuous vs the atomic. We haven't really proven that cause is non-real, only that it is not atomic, but labeling is atomic, so assigning causes to individual things atomizes them.
I wasn't supposing that you believed it ;).
Actually, I read something in Aristotles Generation & Corruption where he took atoms to come into being, and pass away whilst preserving some 'matter' which isn't neccesarily matter as we think it; so it looks like he was trying to think through this too - I mean the antinomy of the continuous and atomic.
its also interesting since modern atoms - elementary particles do exactly that - quite a startling coincidence; I don't know if that helps.
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This thread is for people to propose ideas on additional gameplay features.
With your description please also propose a Development Priority level with the rationale supporting it (also refer to the post linked above for guidance).
As usual, let me start with an example.
The idea is that the opponent's team does not simply disappear when the opponent summoner is defeated. They instead rout. The opponent's units are then in disarray and cannot be controlled any more (if the said opponent is a player). They flee towards the nearest exit: the border of the battlefield if open (i.e. not a wall), the next door, etc. Only if someone stands between them and that exit point will they attack him, and this only until the path gets clear (enemy defeated or moved away), or until another path as short gets clear (for instance as teh result of being knocked back, or moved by a gravity spell). If the battlefield is an enclosed space, the units will flee their opponents, always moving to the farthest space from any enemy.
There is no reason for giving this higher priority. It would only add to the fun, keeping the game interesting in the long run as it renews itself. This could also open a few interesting new situations, based on how many opponent units do manage to flee. For instance in a single-player campaign they main regroup in the next room, making it tougher if you did not properly cleanse the previous room from opponents. Or there could be player vs player challenges based on trying to let as few units flee as possible, from the same starting point.
As much as I personally like the tactical depth this game has, I also have learned that it can be a deterrent to newcomers. Initial play testing, after the tutorial, is key for them giving up or getting hooked.
Of course a first and easy mitigation is to very strongly advise players to train against the AI before trying to challenge experienced players. But even against the AI, the span of choices can get a bit daunting at first.
So here's a first feature proposal to help players who are unsure about what to do. I call it "AI coaching": Not sure how to best guide your characters' fate? Ask them!
Double-tapping on one of your units would mean: "Give me your opinion on what we should be doing".
A chat bubble on the character would then reply "Let me think". Then the AI routine gets applied to the human player's team.
Another character dialog bubble then says "Here's what I would do". An indicator (like for instance a colored box around the game area) would turn on to show that this isn't the real game, but just a prospective view. In that special mode the first, say, 3 actions of the AI routine results would play out (including drag actions, to show not only the results but also the process, at least as a default setting).
Then the prospective view indicator would turn off, at the same time as everything returns to its initial state. A final message might say "Ready to decide?", with two buttons: "OK" and "Replay".
- Of course all surprises would need to be temporarily turned off.
- The right number of actions to show is to be defined, probably by testing. I suggested 3 to get an opportunity to see how combinations start to play out, without going through an entire turn. Less actions could leave the player puzzled, not understanding the direction the AI is taking. Too many would take too much time, and be overloading the person trying to understand/memorize it all.
- As previously discussed for the Undo button, the number of times you can use this feature could be inversely proportional to the player's experience level. So this could be used even against a human player. The opponent would then se the actions unravel, then be canceled just as when the Undo button is played. This way the opponent would have something to watch while waiting!
My intent is to make a feature to help reach community critical mass, so that would make it a 2 on the scale.
Is it novel enough that it could contribute to wow an editor and be worth a rank of 1?
- In the settings you should be able to toggle displaying the process (dragging, tapping, etc.). This is the bare minimum to not get annoying very fast.
- You could imagine different classes of characters having distinct dialog styles (the Barbarian likely having a rougher attitude than the well-behaved Time Keeper Rat).
- Down the road voice-over could be added to the dialogs.
- With inexperienced players the characters could offer their help spontaneously. Not sure what the right trigger would be, though.
I love that you share so much details with your ideas, Scribe. Assisted Play is a really cool concept, and I would probably start on this right away if the game was strictly multiplayer after the tutorial. The current build is a bit misleading toward the onboarding of new players, though, because we haven't completed the core content yet. Ultimately, I'm hoping to expand what is currently the tutorial into single player mode that will slowly introduce new players to new content as they are battling through the campaign.
For a game focusing on placement and directions the attacks are coming from (front block, backstab, etc.), I was wondering if it wouldn't be better to allow choosing the orientation of our units at the end of their moves (except when they attack : they need to face their target and shouldn't be able to change stance afterward).
I don't know if you've already thought about it and prefered not to implement that, but I feel it would be a nice addition to the game mechanics already existing.
Buzzrick had the same remarks a few weeks ago on Discord.
"Good day. I kind of like the limitation, if you have greater control over finishing direction, then there are less manouvering tactics. So it seems to complicate control for dubious gameplay benefit"
In my mind the current setup forces you into compromises, and that's good. You cannot get the perfect action+placement+facing. You have to make some sort of tradeoff.
One might see it as an unnecessary constraint. I see it as making the game quicker (because it's one less control to manage), and more interesting (as you leave openings that your opponent may use creatively to his avantage, thus contributing to unforseen developments).
We had debates on this during the initial design of the movement control system, and these were definitely two options on the table. I like the one Ross eventually chose.
I hope you will abound after seeing this rationale!
I didn't really thought about it like that, but presented this way, it sure makes sense !
Even though it felt a bit unnatural at first, it nicely separates the game from others of the genre in that you can't have too "perfect" moves that would indeed slow down the game. Nicely done !
I'm just capturing here an idea that MCN_Mike (Megaferret777 on Discord) voiced during a Twitch stream.
Ranking: I would propose 5. It's an additional feature, nice to have but not directly impacting the top development priorities.
It has been suggested that Discord could be a place to find an opponent and directly launch a PvP from there. It could be an option to partially answer this request, maybe even fully (I don't know Discord's possibilities enough to be positive). But that would mean 1) the game becomes somewhat dependent on Discord if it's the only way to achieve this goal and 2) information passed to Discord in the process would have to be evaluated for its privacy implications.
Another approach is to use interaction with social media, but the other way around: build a bridge to your social media (Facebook, Discord, Twitch, etc) to retrieve your friends' information and hopefully match it up with Summoners Fate user IDs. The advantage is that it can be leveraged well beyond Discord only, and if no user ID match is found, it could be used to offer to send them an invite on behalf of the player.
Yet another way is to manage it completely autonomously within the game. This would work well in conjunction with a dialog box at the end of PvP game offering to add the player to your list of friends (in addition to the already requested "rematch" option).
The full-fledged version is of course all of the above, giving the player maximum flexibility, including mixing Summoners Fate-only friends with his/her other friends in a custom in-game list, that he can export to Discord to create his/her own direct message group (let's be wild!).
- As previously discussed for the Undo button, the number of times you can use this feature could be directly proportional to the player's experience level. So this could be used even against a human player. The opponent would then se the actions unravel, then be canceled just as when the Undo button is played. This way the opponent would have something to watch while waiting!
Did you mean inversely proportional to their skill?
And Another Idea that this post gave me was AI in different forms.
Risky Safe Preferring some cards over others? Could this vary given the AI's units.
I'm not sure if this has been talked about and the conclusion.
It would probably be given a 5 in priority as it isn't an overly important item.
I edited the post to avoid any confusion.


text:
Crosbie Says Swift Action Needed After Black Duck Cove Plant Loss
St. John's, NL (May 16, 2019) – PC Leader Ches Crosbie said the people of the province were saddened by the loss of the Black Duck Cove shrimp plant in a fire overnight. The plant has been a major employer in the region, and its loss is a grave concern to many families.
I was in the region just days ago, seeing and hearing firsthand how reliant our people are on local employers, particularly in core industries like the fishery. The region cannot absorb the impact on its own. Swift action is needed. It's important for the province to step in immediately with a support plan for those affected, doing whatever we can, just as we have for other towns devastated by such losses.
We will help the people of Black Duck Cove get through this. All of us are thankful that no one was injured in the fire. We are especially grateful to the brave firefighters of the Straits Fire Department who - despite the risk - rushed in to do whatever they could to contain the fire and protect nearby homes.


text:
Alfonso Valencia Herrera (Sevilla, 1959) es un biólogo español, profesor del Institución Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (ICREA), actual director del departamento de Ciencias de la Vida en el Centro Nacional de Supercomputación de Barcelona y del Instituto Nacional de Bioinformática (INB-ISCIII). De 2015 a 2018, fue presidente de la Sociedad Internacional de Biología Computacional. Su investigación se centra en el estudio de sistemas biomédicos con enfoques de biología computacional y bioinformática.

Biografía
Alfonso Valencia estudió biología en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, especializándose en genética de poblaciones y biofísica. En 1987 fue científico visitante en el laboratorio de la Cruz Roja Americana. Recibió su doctorado en biología molecular en 1988 de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., con la tesis : Estudios sobre la estructura y propiedades de discoidina I, proteína implicada en la agregación de "Dictvostelium discoideum"  De 1989 a 1994 fue becario postdoctoral en el laboratorio de Chris Sander en el Laboratorio Europeo de Biología Molecular (EMBL) en Heidelberg, estudiando la evolución de la función de la proteína usando la secuencia y enfoques basados en la estructuras de las mismas.

En 1994, Valencia formó el Grupo de Diseño de Proteínas en el Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB). Lideró el Grupo de Biología Estructural y Computacional en el Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO)  y en 2006 se trasladó al mismo como director del programa de Biología Estructural y Biocomputación. Desde 2016 es profesor de ICREA, centro de investigación de la Generalidad de Cataluña y director del Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida del Centro de Nacional de Supercomputación en Barcelona (BSC).

Como biólogo computacional, el enfoque de su trabajo es la comprensión mecanicista de los sistemas biológicos, incluido el cáncer y otras enfermedades, con una combinación de enfoques de bioinformática, biología de red y aprendizaje automático. Su grupo ha desarrollado sistemas en las áreas de predicción de estructura, interacciones y redes de proteínas, biología de sistemas, con aplicaciones en epigenética, genómica del cáncer y comorbilidad de enfermedades. Todos estos activos convergen en el tema general de la medicina personalizada, con especial interés en la interfaz con la inteligencia artificial y la informática de alto rendimiento.

Valencia ha publicado más de 420 artículos científicos revisados por pares, ampliamente citados (índice h  2021 de 118)  en revistas científicas que incluyen, entre muchas otras, Nature, PNAS o PLOS Computational Biology.

Distinciones y honores
Miembro fundador de la International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB), Valencia también se desempeñó como vicepresidente de la misma institución y en 2013 fue elegido presidente, cargo que ocupó de 2015 a 2018 sucediendo a Burkhard Rost. Valencia es doctor honoris causa de la Universidad Técnica de Dinamarca (DTU) y miembro electo de la Organización Europea de Biología Molecular (EMBO).

Referencias

Nacidos en Sevilla
Alumnado de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Alumnado de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Biólogos de España del siglo XX
Biólogos de España del siglo XXI
Miembros de la Organización Europea de Biología Molecular
Biología computacional

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I have a question that I'm sure some will take an offense to. I seek honest answers or thoughts. This is just a question that I have been debating with myself but feel the need to have some intelligent input.
If you remove the cost that are related to the prohibition of illegal drugs and their abuse. And look at drug addiction vs obesity as a medical issue, as these are both medical issues, I want to know which is a greater cost to society? Using things such as treatment cost, health issues, and related deaths, to calculate the burden placed upon society by each of these. I believe both of these to be medical issues that are choice issues. That being the drug user has a choice to use or not, the obese person has the choice to consume more calories than they burn. I'm well aware that there is more to either of these than a simple choice. In my mind both of these issues ultimately are a choice. I understand that genetics can increase the likelihood of both, but there's still that choice. We are not normally born an addict, nor are we normally born obese.
Boone Wrote: I have a question that I'm sure some will take an offense to. I seek honest answers or thoughts. This is just a question that I have been debating with myself but feel the need to have some intelligent input.
You can't have a discussion about the cost of illegal drugs in American society unless you address this issue at the same time. You are correct in your assessment that using drugs is a choice that an individual makes, but it is much more complex than that. A prohibition on anything encourages people that typically wouldn't even try something to try it. Look back at how the prohibition of alcohol worked out. People will do things that they are told they aren't supposed to. There is also a reason that someone decides to turn to drugs and the mental health structure in our society is not currently set up to help those people that have a predisposition to get into the drug culture. I would venture to say that it is far, far cheaper to get an individual mental health and drug treatment help than to lock them up in a prison for ten to twenty years. Not only that, but these prisoners are now labeled for life after they are freed from jail and often wind back in prison because they can no longer make a legitimate living for themselves.
With regards to the obesity epidemic--that is a gigantic issue that we will have to address as a country in the very near future. The multinational food corporations have literally taken over 95 percent of the food supply in our country and it's going to be very difficult to take it back. The Congress does not help much when they subsidize crops that only accelerate obesity rates. It is absolutely insane that it costs me more to buy a red pepper than a double cheeseburger and fries. This issue is one that in my mind should be incredibly simple to solve, but when you look at what an average person like me is up against with companies like Monsanto, Tyson, etc., I'm not overly optimistic that it could be solved anytime soon.
I do have a tough time equating the two subjects when it comes to which one is a greater cost to society. Drugs and the culture that surrounds them is a product of the society that our government has set up. The laws tend to be skewed towards targeting poor minorities while shielding the white upper class. Just read up on the difference between Crack and Cocaine sentencing and ask yourself if our laws aren't skewed towards the racial minorities. On the other hand, the obesity epidemic is going to have an incalculable cost to our society for years to come, but it is something that can be changed with appropriate education and the willpower of individuals to live healthy lives.
You are wrong. There is no easy solution to obesity in America. You can educate all that you want but that bag of Frito's at eleven o'clock at night is like crack cocaine. There are probably a host of mental issues that are compensated with over eating and not just over eating but eating high fat high sugar junk. And the amounts eaten are usually way too much. This coupled with inadequate exercise is a recipe for heart problems and diabetes.
Which problem costs us more ? I have no idea. The figures you quoted on jails seem staggering. And as you stated, upon release, there's probably no decent employment available.
Everything you stated are the cost that have caused this thought provoked debate. I have been wanting to make this post, but have withheld from doing so because of the offense that some may have for even comparing the two. Many in our society wear their feelings upon their shirt sleeve.
I feel sad when I see a really fat person, no I don't auto blame them for this, I didn't walk their shoes nor do I know if they really have no control over how fat they are because of either physical or enviromental reasons.
I would say both fat and drugs are a health issue as you do. Is it better to quit smoking then gain fifty pounds? I think the smoke is deadlier, but both are deadly, smoke and fat. As far as which one cost society the most, it is clear the money system is profiting from both. I don't know what the majority pays for most, but now I am wondering, which one the system makes the most money off of, drugs or fat, at the majority's expense and life. Hmm, I wonder which kills the majority of us, fat or drugs, do you know?
Personally I think it is a pure mental issue of compensation for something what is missing; not being loved; work problems; social problems etc.
The promotion of junk food all the time on TV etc. makes persons lazy because they do not have to cook themselves and or intoxicate themselves because it stops the pressure of the society push to be on top or end up on the bottom. Both items are caused by the same thing, which is our consumption, performance driven rat race.
I guess there would be no "profit" from the photobooth; so I suggest to make them all into "gun" shops!! "Microwaves" will kill you too if you stick your head in it. so get rid of these; a good suggestion!!
The rise in autism as well as a few cancers started back the middle seventies. Hmmmm. Back then moms heated baby food in water. Over time microwaves fell in price so that now they are everywhere. Is it linked?
No it is linked to "modified engineered" baby food and later on by "modified wheat" and special fed chicken and "beef" for the McDonalds hamburgers made in China from modified Tibettian Lama's mixed with some prairy horses meat. So do not blame my "lovely" blue glow outerspace piece of tin.
You are aware of the little scince project done by a middle schooler? Two plants, one watered with heat sterilized water the other watered with radiated water. Just to see if they grew differently. And guess what?
That's a very valid debate. I have not even thought about it in the terms of a smoker. Which I have to question myself on. That's because I believe smoking to be one of the most costly and addictive drugs of use in our society. Thanks for the input.
You may be correct "because it stops the pressure of the society push to be on top or end up on the bottom". I've heard it stated by many, that these items of pleasure relieve the stress and pressures of life.
I didn't say that it would be easy to solve the obesity epidemic in our country and I apologize if it came out that way. What I was trying to state was that both of the problems are massive and will take years, if not decades, to solve. What I was attempting to lay forward as an argument, however, was that people do have a choice as to what they put inside of their bodies, but only one of them can send them to prison.
You will get no argument from me as to what the food that we ingest does to our bodies. Most American's don't eat real food anymore, but instead are eating "food like product." The chemical products in the food have little to zero benefit and only exacerbate the problem. Your Frito's comment couldn't have been more on point. It's as addictive as crack cocaine and nearly as destructive to your body. However, I will still submit that there is an easy solution to this epidemic regardless of how easy it will be to solve. The solution is simple: eat healthier and exercise every day. In reality, that is far more difficult to achieve, but the solution is there for everyone that is ready to change.
Funny, but may be effective as treatment and cure in some cases.


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text:
TOWN MINISTRY
All that are commenced as per the Holy Will of God, are continuing to exit to glorify God and bringing more souls for the Lord…
It was on 4th January 1998, the Bishop of Palakkad, Mar Jacob Manathodath had given directions to commence 'Palakkad Prayer Group.' The formation of this prayer group was initiated by allowing God's plan to take place as Rev. Fr. Xavier Khan Vattayil, the director of Sehion Ministries, obtained the spiritual prompt at that time. Today this group has been elevated by God with its new version: Sehion Town Ministry, which is one among the thirty ministries of Sehion Ministries. God is blessing Sehion Town Ministry with timely guidance with the spiritual support of Mar Jacob Manathodath, our Bishop in all endeavours which are being taken up and implemented for the spiritual growth of the communities in Palakkad town. Rev. Fr. Xavier Khan Vattayil, the founder and first director of Sehion Town Ministry which had only 25 persons in the initial year, led this small team in prayer and hope, and has now emerged to gather each month, ten thousands of followers of faith in God. The mission of extending spiritual services for the needy people in Palakkad town is being supported by Br. Simon Vadakkan, Br. Mathew Olikkal, Br. Jose Narikkuzhi. Presently, this ministry is under the able and prayerful guidance of Rev. Fr. Francis Thottankara, as director.
It was all but the blessings from the Most High that the Sehion Town Ministry has been provided with required space for its worships and services which was initially held at a small auditorium at BEM high school in Palakkad, in the year 2001. But, over a period of time, the number of attendees for the Retreat increased, and it was later been blessed to be shifted to the auditorium in the Commercial Hall in Palakkad. Very soon, in 2005, since the strength of participants in the Retreats of Sehion Town Ministry increased to greater extent, the gatherings were decided to be held then at the annexe auditorium of Municipal Town Hall. And, in the year 2009, the number of devotees which used to gather not only from Kerala, but also from neighbouring states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka increased further, for each third Sunday worship the Ministry held its worship at the Palakkad Municipal Town Hall. Of late, God has granted the Sehion Town Ministry the grace to search and own its own provision for housing more and more faithful, and the dream of this ministry will soon be fulfilled on time.
From 2006 till 2009, the spiritual services of Sehion Town Ministry was led by its first director, Rev. Fr. Xavier Khan Vattayil and team. It was in August 2009, Mar Jacob Manathodath, the Bishop of Palakkad appointed Rev. Fr. Francis Thottankara as the new director. During this period, the assistant directors of Sehion Ministry, Rev. Fr. Soji Olikkal and Rev. Fr. Reni Pullukalayil had led the services of this ministry which had reaped many souls for the Lord. In due course, Rev. Fr. Binoy Karimaruthinkal, director of Sehion Retreat Centre had taken sincere initiatives along with Rev. Fr. Samson Mannoor, to share the Word of God, and thus took all efforts to strengthen the monthly spiritual services of Sehion Town Ministry.
It was during 19th to 23rd September in the year 2012, under the leadership of Rev. Fr. Xavier Khan Vattayil, the Sehion Town Ministry had held the All Kerala Abhishekagni Convention, a 5-day Retreat at Palakkad. During this Retreat, each day a thirteen- thousand- strong faithful had gathered to receive the blessings from God.
From the commencement of the year 2013, the third Sunday services of Sehion Town Ministry is being held at the auditorium of Mercy College, Palakkad, led by Rev. Fr. Xavier Khan Vattayil and team. Leadership training, spiritual guidance, intercessory prayer training etc. are continually held under the leadership of Rev. Fr. Francis Thottankara, director of this ministry.
Availing the vast opportunities of viewership of spiritual programs through visual media, the Sehion Town Ministry has initiated to enable the telecast of 'Jeevajalam' in ACV, and 'Rapha Yehoah' in UTV. Besides this, testimonies, prayers and preachings are being telecast.
The Sehion Town Ministry is now poised to accomplish the new task entrusted to it by the Almighty to spread the Word of God to far and wide remote places in the town of Palakkad. God will bless us to reach the target of saving every soul of this town, using the whole-hearted supports of Bishop Mar Jacob Manathodath, the efforts and guidance of Rev. Fr. Xavier Khan Vattayil, director of Sehion Ministries, and the dedicated services of the director of Sehion Town Ministry, Rev. Fr. Francis Thottankara, supported by Br. Simon Vadakkan and team.
One of the best ways to teach kids dissertation writing help about sustainability is by setting the example.
Sanjoe Towers
2nd Floor, Opp K.S.R.T.C, Shornur Road, Palakkad, Kerala 678014
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Turning to the Internet for an answer has become a common act in our daily lives, but when it comes to academic research a quick search engine check may not be enough to find definitive, and honest, information. The next time you log on for research be sure to plan your search, evaluate your sources and take down the identification information you will need to cite sources later.
Prior to starting your online search take the time to understand the question you are trying to answer. Plan out the search terms which are most appropriate and remember that searching for a phrase between inverted commas ("medieval history") will return results which feature the phrase rather than the two words at random places in the page. Similarly, using the words "and" and "or" will return either pages which contain both words at some point (dogs and cats), thus limiting results, or pages which mention either (dogs or cats), thus expanding results. Rather than solely relying on search engine results also consider which websites might be able to give you more information, for example sites from organisations or publications. Your school or public library website might have helpful links too.
Who is the author? Is this person an expert? Can I verify that?
Could this information be biased? Are there ads on the page? Is the organisation biased?
Can I verify this information with another source?
How current is this information? When was the last time the page or site was updated?
If statistics are given, are the sources also given? Can you verify them?
How much coverage does the page or site give to the topics? Is it broad and deep?
Is there a bibliography you can use to check information and continue your research?
Is there any contact information listed with which you could verify items if needed?
Once you have evaluated your online sources and feel confident that you can trust the information presented by them you will need to take down the source information so that you can identify it and cite it later. Not only is this necessary for compiling a bibliography for your research but it will help you return to sources and information later in your search if needed. Make a note of the author of the site, page or article, the title of the page or article, the web address of the page, electronic publisher (if given), date of electronic publishing (if given) and the date on which you accessed the page. If you can not find much of this identification information it may be an indication that you do not want to use this source in your research.
Conducting online research may seem quick and easy but it requires careful planning and evaluation to ensure that you find honest and valuable information. Taking down the identification information of your sources is essential for citing the results of your research.


A few weeks ago I wrote about how we are short of space in our current house - mainly due to the fact that one of the bedrooms is our home office - and how we are currently at a crossroad in terms of what to do next property-wise. The options we are currently trying to decide on are to either extend or to move house.
While I'm more in the staying put and adapting camp, John favours the moving option. I'm not against moving per se, but the hassle and upheaval of a relocation does put me off a bit. However, if we do decide to move, I would definitely prefer to sell first and be chain free. I've never been in a chain scenario before, but I have witnessed several friends in that situation, and I can appreciate just how stressful it is, so I would try and avoid it.
When putting a property on the market, there are lots of things that vendors can do to ensure a quick house sale, one of the key things being some simple home improvements, or "home staging" to make a property more presentable.
So many people make the mistake to assume that their choices in colours and décor are compatible with other peoples' tastes. But the truth is that few people will share a love for purple walls or that bright red floral wallpaper that seemed like a good idea at the time, and they might not be able to see past a loud and bright colour scheme. It's therefore worth putting in the hours and redecorating in a more neutral colour palette, even if in your eyes magnolia is the most boring shade on earth. Once you've moved, you can reinstate your purples and reds as much as you like. When we bought our house we did it up pretty much from top to bottom, and we went for a neutral colour scheme anyway. Partially, because we bought the house with a future resale in mind, and partially, because taste-wise, we like the clean, calm beiges and creams anyway. So we won't need much more than a lick of fresh paint to revive the look.
I think when it comes to the presentation of a home, every house needs a little bit of personality, but as with everything, less is more. Once you've made the decision to put the house on the market, try to detach yourself from it and remove anything that is just a little bit too personal and adds nothing to the overall impression of each room, like tons of photographs, kids' drawings, sports trophies, your collection of porcelain figurines etc. – you get the picture. Viewers want to imagine how a room can function for them and not get distracted by other people's junk.
In the same vein, keeping rooms and surfaces clean and uncluttered is also essential. It will not only create the illusion of space, but will make rooms a lot more inviting. I'm not much of a hoarder anyway and regularly declutter, but the kids' toys are something that I will have to take a look at and find clever and stylish storage solutions for which will tidy them away effectively.
Think about the furniture in your rooms. Are some rooms too cramped with cupboards, side-boards and oversized sofas? Or are some maybe the opposite, sparse and uninviting? It's worth thinking about the proportions of furniture in rooms, and if necessary, storing a heavy armchair in the garage or investing in a couple of extra pieces to maximise the effect of the space.
Sometimes, all a room needs to look smarter and more inviting is a few clever accessories to tie everything together and add those all-important finishing touches. For our living room, I'm thinking a couple of new cushions and throws in the same colour, complemented by a scented candle here or there (in the same shade, too, if possible), and some nice new blinds to set the mood. In the kitchen, I'd probably have some fresh flowers on the table and some colour coordinated place mats and hand towels etc. as further accents. And in the bathroom, I'll probably replace the towels and rug with new ones – again, colour coordinated – and maybe a few new storage baskets to clear away make-up items and cosmetics. It doesn't have to be expensive to be effective.
Finally, don't forget the exterior of the property. After all, first impressions count, and you only have a few seconds, so make it count. After sprucing up the interior of your home, make sure to go over the outside, too, and clean up the driveway, plant fresh flowers and / or shrubs, and generally tidy up the front garden or outside space you have. If you don't, not only will it look unappealing, but you might also create the impression that this is a huge task, which might put off potential buyers. Neither John nor I are big on gardening, so on occasion we have used the services or a local gardener who has tidied up everything for us, and we'll certainly do that again to create the right look.
So, there you have it, my top tips for successful home staging. If you have any other quick and easy tips, I'd love to hear them, so drop me a line below.
*Collaborative Post. Picture source: Pinterest.


text:
Q: python itertools groupby with filter usage I have a list = [1, 2, 3, 3, 6, 8, 8, 10, 2, 5, 7, 7]
I am trying to use groupby to convert it into
1
2
3
3
6
8,8
10
2,
5
7,7

Basically, anything greater then 6, I like to group them, otherwise I want to keep them ungrouped.
Any hint on how I can do this with itertool groupby
My code currently:
for key, group in it.groupby(numbers, lambda x: x):
   f = list(group)
   if len(f) == 1:
      split_list.append(group[0])
   else:
      if (f[0] > 6):  #filter condition x>6
         for num in f:
            split_list.append(num + 100)
       else:
         for num in f:
            split_list.append(num)

A: You can use itertools.groupby to group all elements greater than 6 and with groups of length greater than 1. All other elements remain ungrouped.
If we want groups as standalone lists, we can use append. If we want groups flattened, we can use extend.
from itertools import groupby

lst = [1, 2, 3, 3, 6, 8, 8, 10, 2, 5, 7, 7]

result = []
for k, g in groupby(lst):
    group = list(g)

    if k > 6 and len(group) > 1:
        result.append(group)
    else:
        result.extend(group)

print(result)

Output:
[1, 2, 3, 3, 6, [8, 8], 10, 2, 5, [7, 7]]

A: You can use flatten() function shown below.
This function is modified version from https://stackoverflow.com/a/40857703/501852
The function below is a generator object (python ver >= 3.8).
Added conditioning function as input parameter.
from typing import Iterable

def flatten(items, cond_func=lambda x: True):
    """Yield items from any nested iterable"""
    for x in items:
        if isinstance(x, Iterable) \
                and not isinstance(x, (str, bytes)) \
                and cond_func(x):    # Conditioning function
            yield from flatten(x)
        else:
            yield x

Then you can use list comprehension variant:
res = flatten( [list(g) for k, g in groupby(lst)],
                cond_func = lambda x: x[0] <= 6 or len(x) == 1)
                 # Conditions to flatten

print(res)

And you can use generator variant:
res = flatten( (list(g) for k, g in groupby(lst)),
                cond_func = lambda x: x[0] <= 6 or len(x) == 1)
                 # Conditions to flatten

print(list(res))

Output is
[1, 2, 3, 3, 6, [8, 8], 10, 2, 5, [7, 7]]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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Redwood trees are the gentle giants of the California coast. They are the tallest trees in the world, looming above coastal landscapes from south of Big Sur in Central California up to Southern Oregon. These trees only grow where there is fog, which they collect with hundreds of millions of tiny leaves. Only 5% of the original redwood forests remain after extensive logging in the mid-1800s. Redwoods exist in no other place on Earth.
There's much we don't know about redwoods. One of the remaining questions is one of the most basic: how do redwoods photosynthesize while enshrouded in fog? Photosynthesis requires water, carbon dioxide, and light. While redwoods have plenty of water, they are limited by how much light can penetrate their tall canopies. How such a giant still makes its food in the dim understory is still a mystery.
To answer this question, a new scientific team is exploring these forests with state-of-the-science sensors and computer simulations. Named 'The Summen Project', after the Ohlone word for redwood, this study seeks to answer fundamental scientific questions and apply new knowledge to sustainable forest management.
Coastal fog is important to many organisms offshore and on the coast of California. Fog is made when cold water from the deep ocean rises up or "upwells" to the surface near the coast.
Growing cities and changing ocean movements can affect how much fog we can expect in the future.
Plants have to breathe, just like humans and all other organisms on Earth. Plants breathe in a specialized way that traps carbon from the atmosphere.
Plant leaves are covered in tiny mouths called stomata. These open and close depending on how thirsty or hungry a plant is.


(Note:As I couldnt find jar that holds SampleDocument I have explicitly added the code of that class in another class and imported it).
I have included all the necessary jars.Am I lacking some jars?Or what may be the reason for these exceptions?
"apachefop.ApacheFOP.main" looks strange. What jars do you have and where did you get the FOP related ones?
ApacheFOP is my class name Did I want to change that?
Did I want to add any additional jars or remove any existing jars?
You might also configure logging.


On December 15th Clan of Xymox had a concert in Vienna's well-known club Viper Room. The concert was phantastic. Being a huge fan of Xymox for years now, it was an honour and a pleasure to meet Ronny Moorings backstage, where he gave an extensive interview. During this talk Ronny revealed what he thinks about Facebook, Wikipedia and about musical categorization.


text:
Home » The Story » Antagonists » South Australian Police – SAPOL
A complete and utter waste of Police resources & taxpayers money
Raiding a church, smearing its Pastor and churchgoers by association, and an almost hysterical media conference, a lengthy, but fruitless fraud investigation, resulted in SAPOL posting some of the truth on their own website – 18 months later.
No Firearms
Just an elaborate set-up
South Australia's Director of Public Prosecutions, Stephen Pallaris, after having issued two media releases in 2011 that were largely ignored, even took the unusual step of holding a media conference to say there was no chance of fraud charges being successful. Yet SAPOL have chosen not to drop other fabricated charges even though exonerated by the Director of Public Prosecutions. WHY? Is it because they are being dictated to by corrupt officials and politicians higher up the tree?
Media conference 2011 – Pallaris 1, Pallaris 2
Media Statement 2011 – SA DPP Media Release 27.7.11 highlighted
He went further, stating that police witnesses were unreliable.
Myth: AMI had illegal firearms
Fact: Illegal firearms – NIL
Three AMI supporters/parishioners were charged with firearms offences after raids on their homes. One, a gun club member for 20+ years was found guilty of having his cousin's registered firearm in his locked gun safe (SAPOL knew this beforehand).
One, a sports shooter for 30+ years of Olympic standard, was found NOT guilty of ALL charges (SAPOL was ordered to pay his court costs).
One was found guilty of a minor breach of the Firearms Act (first time in 30 years of legally owning firearms – that were, at ALL times registered)
Myth: High powered firearms were found
Fact: High powered firearms – NIL
Not one firearm was high powered (all were appropriately stored and registered). So who ends up paying for all these tax payer dollars wastefully spent on hundreds of police force hours investigating, special forces, detectives, equipment. forensic scientists and State resources being sent on a wild goose chase? Is Martin Penney the main antagonist liable to foot the entire bill for wasting all these State Government funds to create a media circus using SAPOL officers or is it the hierarchy of SAPOL itself – used by the higher echelons in their organisation and corrupt politicians to cover their own evil greed in trying to setup a legitimate Church and Pastor? God will answer as evil has a way of being exposed sooner or later !
Myth: AMI/Agape has a shooting range
Fact: Not even any evidence of shooting range.
AMI's/Agape's rehabilitation facility at Kuitpo in the Adelaide Hills is overlooked by surrounding farms and visible farmhouses, with a typical 3-strand wire fence of 1 metre height, not barbed wire high fences as portrayed in the Who magazine aerial shots and other lying media reports, including South Australia's Advertiser Newspaper. The 1 metre fences all around the rehab farm are only adequate for constraining a few cows, but could not even the wildest imaginings be called a compound fence designed to conceal. See actual pictures below for a true perspective..A 60 Minutes producer wanted to do a story about it as they came out to see the Kuitpo farm for themselves and were shocked as they too believed the media reports believing there to be high barbed wire fences as some cult compound. But what they saw was a serene rural setting. The producer said it was nothing like what was portrayed in the news. The facts of the story are so astounding that if presented as a 'blockbuster' true life movie; watchers would say 'it's unbelievable!' 'it couldn't really have been that bad…could it?' When this producer was provided with substantial proof it caused great excitement. It also caused shock and horror to some for when they approached high level South Australian police officials for comment on camera, orders from 'high above' intervened to shut this 60 Minutes story down. It seems too many powerful people (prominent politicians of the day and law enforcement officers?) had too much to lose!
Newspapers reported Church Rehab farm as cult compound with barbed wire showing only aerial shots – 1st picture, yet the reality is shown in the next 3 pictures (Agape's own pictures) with only 1 metre high stock fences all around the property and other neighbours farmhouses in full view. Twisted media lies to sensationalise.
Myth: Pastor Leo is a fraudster
Fact: Ps Leo has given his life to helping others, and since AMI was established has never taken a wage from this church.
See his continued selfless work without any pay exiled in Fiji – Missionary work in Fiji 2010-2018
SA's Director of Public Prosecutions & SAPOL have publicly stated there is no chance of Ps Leo being charged with fraud. The DPP did two media releases and a media conference to confirm the facts. This included noting that the witnesses interviewed were unreliable. Due to media speculation SAPOL stated the facts on their news website, and also confirmed there were no firearms charges either.
Myth:Pastor Leo allegedly assaulted an AMI parishioner's husband – Phil Arbon (now deceased).
Fact: The reverse is true. Over a 6 week period leading up to an incident at Adelaide airport after Pastor Leo had come off a plane and was accosted and repeatedly photographed at close range in the exit foyer of the airport by Phil Arbon, an accomplice of main antagonist Martin Penney, reports were made to police by numerous people of Ps Leo being stalked, threatened & now assaulted in the airport. Ps Leo himself immediately went to file a police report on the day of Arbon's assault at the airport and report that he (Ps Leo was assaulted by Arbon as Arbon had injured his hand and assaulted Pastor Leo) yet it took Arbon months to file a report of a supposed assault at the airport, months after Ps Leo had left the country? Why ? Did police help him to try and get an assault conviction against Ps Leo so they could try and get him for something? Numerous police reports were placed about Arbon's harassment of Ps Leo outside Church grounds shouting obscenities at him and threatening to kill him (witnessed by many parishioners) but Police chose not to act on any of these reports – rather they let Phil Arbon continue to harass Ps. Leo. When asked about what was to be done about the harassment by concerned parishioners, SAPOL police at Holden Hill police station had no answer.
Numerous police reports (including one where Phil Arbon asked another Agape parishioner for a gun to "take out"/kill the Pastor) were made to SAPOL about these threats against Ps Leo. SAPOL appears to have ignored them all, and has not released the full CCTV footage of the alleged assault only presenting a partial view of the footage in order to garner an arrest warrant for him. SAPOL asked Arbon to make a statement months after the incident. Ps Leo filed a police report on the same day as he was assaulted. Big difference ! If one had truly been assaulted as Arbon had claimed months later, wouldn't he have gone to the police straight away on the day and file a report as did Ps Leo?
Myth: AMI is not a church / charity the police are told.
Fact: Since 1998 AMI has been registered with the ATO as a Religious Institution / Bible College.
Comments: In a highly unusual move, motivated by and based upon the flawed intelligence of the police raids and media frenzy, the ATO (Australian Taxation Office) revoked AMI's status as a charity a few days after SAPOL's illegal raids on AMI's properties. Note: The ATO cannot revoke status of a religious institution because it is not equipped to do so. Why? Because it cannot disprove that churchgoers believe in a higher being (definition of religious institution), particularly given the mountain of evidence provided by parishioners (testimonies, signed statements, DVD's etc. etc.).
Myth: Civil court claims against Ps Leo, Assistant Ps Veneziano & Youth Minister Veneziano means they must be guilty of something!
Fact: None of these claims have been tested in a court of law.
Comments: One of the two claims was hastily withdrawn (when he realised he'd been exposed as a SAPOL Police informant) by the plaintiff without getting one cent. This spurious claim was withdrawn as soon as he saw a document proving him to be a SAPOL informant.
The other case was unjustly awarded in the plaintiff's favour because Ps Leo, who was under house arrest in Fiji, could not attend the Australian court hearing. Due to the defendants leaving the country on a scheduled missionary trip before the illegal raids, the resulting media frenzy, threats to their lives and lack of confidence of police protection, they overstayed their visas in Fiji. Since being detained in Fiji they had been under house arrest and constrained from leaving that country. Hence they were unable to defend themselves in the civil case that did go to trial. A default judgement was awarded against them, without the flimsy claim being tested. Even the Judge presiding in this case later commented that he should have tested their evidence before making that judgement !
Myth: Intelligence proves guilt.
Fact: Evidence proves guilt.
Comments: Intelligence is not the same as evidence. Intelligence is unproven. It can be rumour. It can be partly true. It can be wildly untrue.
On the other hand, evidence is proof. It is proven facts.
The media reports, SAPOL raids, ATO revoking of AMI's charity status, audit and assessments were all based on intelligence, not facts. There was no substation or validation done. In the case of the ATO even when concrete evidence has been provided they continue to ignore it.
A few general comments:
A respected lawyer commented on the treatment metered out to Ps Leo, AMI and its followers: "I haven't seen anything like this since the Lindy Chamberlain (where it took 32 years for Lindy to be completely exonerated of killing her own child)."
This entire matter has been fabricated by a few people motivated by greed, envy, and ambition. These same people do not care who else is hurt in the process. What does this tell you about the type of person who would be so careless of the damage caused to others who have never done anything to their persecutors?
Corruption rife?
It appears there could be systemic corruption to the core of this South Australia's Police, Justice and Political system. There seems to be widespread cover ups, leaking of information such as people's unlisted phone numbers (to media) and AMI/Agape parishioners experiencing threats and intimidation.
Massive SAPOL resources were wasted.
Why do we say wasted? Because the flawed 'intelligence' from the unreliable witnesses was never substantiated.
There is a huge difference between intell and evidence, yet so-called professionals (police investigators) were prepared to destroy a Church and oppress innocent churchgoers based on this defective data from those motivated soley by avarice and envy.
A serving SA Police sergeant, Robert Michaels and Martin Penney are closely related (brothers-in-law). And would you believe, conveniently live in adjoining properties. They even had a gate installed in their common fence. It is believed that this Police officer colluded with his brother-in-law, Martin Penney in organising the raids as overheard by one of Penney's employees months before the raids.
When this Police officer was questioned after a complaint to the Police Complaints Authority it's implausible response was 'he hardly ever saw Penney over the 15 year period he attended AMI'.
What a joke! Corrupt to the very core..
but not for long as God's Mighty hand of judgement is the ultimate
decision-maker and every word and deed is recorded and will soon
be exposed for what evil one has done ..


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