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Cut your MCM time: run the tangents
Dickson Mercer October 17, 2017 at 12:20pm
Photo: Steve Laico
Running the Straight and Narrow
As I write this, Marine Corps Marathon training is reaching its zenith. The calendar holds just a few more weeks for hard training.
And by the time you read this, you'll be tapering. It could even be race week, your thoughts shifting to smaller details.
It used to be about how far and fast you'd run on Sunday. Now it's about little things on race day like how to hold your gels and what shoes to wear. It's about the defining question of the 41st People's Marathon: Uber or Lyft?
How the course got this way
The Marine Corps course has changed
a lot since 1976. See more here.
But I'm still hung up on a detail from last year, a detail that, when the howitzer fired, was as far away from my mind as the finish line: tangents.
It's a post-GPS watch realization for me — and my run last year at MCM proved it — that I do a very poor job minimizing the distance I cover on the course.
In other words I'm realizing how important it is to study more than where the hills are and where they aren't. After all the time invested in training, I should also be studying the turns and curves, amassing the knowledge — or at least the awareness — of how to only run 26.2 miles.
First-timer surprises veteran runners at Rock 'n' Roll Marathon
Charlie Ban March 13, 2017 at 1:35am
Sam Doud breaks the tape at the Rock 'n' Roll D.C. Marathon. Photo: courtesy of Rock 'n' Roll Marathon.
For a year and a half, Sam Doud didn't race.
After he walked away from collegiate running at American University, he just logged his miles, enjoyed the sport and bided his time until he was ready to race truly long distances.
"I've never been one of the fast guys, I never broke 4:20 for the mile," he said. "A marathon seemed pretty natural for me."
March 11, 2017 – Washington, D.C.
Photos by Cheryl Young
In February, he started getting itch to see what he could do — he was running fast and ready for the challenge. The Rock 'n' Roll D.C. Marathon started a few miles away from his Glover Park home, what better place to see what he could do? Ended up being a good move.
In winning the race Saturday morning, he blazed the fastest time (2:26:57) since the course was beefed up two years prior, and left two solid marathoners in his wake in 2013 Marine Corps Marathon Champion Girma Bedada and six-time Rock 'n' Roll/National Marathon winner Michael Wardian.
Doud, 21, showed up with his roommate and put on his bib — number 31616 — and saw Wardian (bib number 1) and Bedada (bib number 2) near the starting line.
"I has no idea who they were, but they looked fast and people were taking a lot of pictures with Wardian," Doud said. "My main plan was to not blow up, so I wasn't going to go with them. I'd let them do their things."
But he ended up catching them both, running with Wardian between miles 11 and 17, then reeling in Bedada with a mile and a half to go before putting three minutes on him.
Though the back half of the race is always lonely, marathoners usually have the half runners to keep them company through 12 miles. This year the marathoners started an hour and a half before the half. With Metro's Safetrack restrictions keeping race organizers from opening the system early, they started marathoners early and allowed the more than 13,000 half runners take the trains into the city. The marathon's 2,373 finishers were on their own to get to the start. That meant empty streets for Doud and his competitors, with few spectators braving the cold, though he got a boost from passing the statue of Simón Bolívar near the first mile mark.
When Doud crammed for the race with a few marathon-pace workouts, he targeted 5:50 miles. On race day, he averaged 5:36 per mile, and only his cautious first mile was slower than his initial goal pace.
"This has me wondering what I could do if I seriously train for a marathon," he said a day after the race.
Despite his early success, he has a lot to learn. For instance, Wardian remarked to him after the race that he hadn't seen Doud eat anything during the race.
"I told him I didn't see any food," he said, at the time unaware of the bevy of running gels and calorie-replacement options available to runners, including at one water stop.
Still, he never hit the wall, and felt comfortable throughout the race, even in the latter stages. He remarked that the climbs around Fort Dupont Park were far more difficult than out of Rock Creek Park on Shoreham Drive.
Doud, a Bloomington, Ill. native, has less than a year until he graduates with majors in math and computer science, and is tossing around the possibility of running the Marine Corps Marathon.
There, he'll likely face warmer weather than the mid-20s that greeted him on race morning.
On Saturday, he played it safe, wearing extra layers, including two hats, for his first marathon.
"I don't want to be the guy wearing shorts and a singlet and freezing," he said. "I thought I might look a little dumb in the race photos, but it's better than being cold for two-and-a-half hours."
He took time after the race to find out a little bit more about the marathoning world from Wardian, particularly how he should expect to feel in the morning.
"He told me I should run the next day," Doud said. "I woke up feeling like I had put on about 30 years, but I got out there."
And ran 13 miles, a little faster than 7:20 per mile.
Christie Wetzel, of Falls Church, won the women's marathon in 3:04:01, two years after running 3:58 in her first marathon here. She ran the race with her husband, Rodrigo Garcia, pulling ahead of him near the finish. Ithaca, N.Y. resident Sabine Fischer-Daly was second in 3:08:41 and Hyattsville's Angela Hartman was third in 3:10:07.
In the half marathon, Mizael Carrera (Addison, Ill.)1:05:51 defended his 2016 title, Austin Whitelaw (Johnson City, Tenn.) was second in 1:07:59 D.C.'s Paul Thistle, recovered from a long foot injury, was third in 1:08:27. D.C.'s Kerry Allen (1:19:20) won the half after finishing second in 2014 and 2016. This title comes three weeks after she won the Dahlgren Heritage Trail Half Marathon in Virginia. Jenny Mendez Suanca, the 2015 Marine Corps Marathon champion, was second in 1:21:37 and Fairfax's Sarah Bishop was third in 1:22:02.
MST FNSH
Dustin Renwick August 8, 2014 at 12:02pm
David Finland. Photo: Sara Alepin/Photos from the Harty
For most people, running remains a hobby at the end of the practice, the end of the race, the end of the day.
Not for David Finland.
"Running was a key thing for me," he said. "I didn't have anything to do. [Life] was kind of boring."
He's now completed five marathons, including the ING New York City Marathon and the vaunted Marine Corps Marathon.
Finland, of McLean, was four or five when his autism was diagnosed. The family's doctor prescribed medications, but the drugs caused bouts of Tourette syndrome.
"They seemed to undermine his natural body rhythms," said Glen Finland, David's mother.
The family had also begun reading about research that detailed the positive effects of exercise for autistic children. Glen enrolled her son in soccer because his two older brothers played. The game didn't stick.
"But boy could he run," Glen said. "A beautiful runner. It surprised us all. We decided to drop the meds he was on."
They called the new regimen "David Unplugged."
At McLean High School, Finland served as a water boy for the football team. The track coach noticed Finland sprinting on and off the field.
"The speed he had," Glen said, "it was a natural grace."
At its core, autism is a disease of brain development that also affects motor skills.
The American Psychiatric Association released a new edition of its diagnostic manual in 2013 and officially changed the definition and criteria for the condition. Autism disorder spectrum, now referenced as autism spectrum disorder, better encompasses the range of symptoms and severity individuals express.
"Autism is not static," Glen said. "It changes all the time. There's always some new battle to fight."
Running allowed Finland to become part of the mainstream society at the high school, an immense step for anyone who seeks a niche within the social groups of that formative time period.
He competed for the varsity cross country team and ran several distance events for the track team.
"It was huge," Glen said. "This was his first taste of being a regular guy and all the personal freedom that went along with running."
Running didn't cure everything, though.
Kids still noticed some of his muscle ticks. Teammates started calling him Crazy Dave.
"That made me sick at heart," Glen said. "He said the nickname made him cool."
Despite any negative encounters related to the sport, Finland continued to run. He moved on to marathons in the years after his high school running debut. His first event was Marine Corps.
"I was really nervous and really not sure if I actually wanted to be there that day," he said. "It was overwhelming. Mile number eight I started to feel more comfortable, and toward the end I realized, 'Hey, I really like doing this.'"
When he trained for marathons, Finland ran eight to 10 miles in the evenings.
"My favorite run is along the Potomac River and running along the National Mall," he said.
He's planning on running New York this fall, but also wants to continue racing 5ks and 10ks, with a potential half marathon in the mix. He's cut his training to five- and six-mile runs, plus stair workouts.
This type of routine seems commonplace for most active runners in the area, but the sport has created exceptional benefits for Finland. Running is the medication that keeps him at his best.
"My whole mind is clear," he said. "It feels like a brand new start for me. After I'm done, I'm not thinking at all. My head is empty."
That vacancy disappears on days when he can't work out.
"It doesn't feel good at all," he said. "I'm a little bit angry. I'm a little bit confused. I'm a little stressed. There's too much going on in my mind. I can't concentrate."
And if running were taken from him completely, "that would ruin my life right there. I wouldn't be the same again."
The need to run
Physical activity for anyone with a disability can become a challenge, one that negatively affects overall well-being.
A February 2014 study published in the Maternal and Child Health Journal looked at weight issues and learning disabilities. The study evaluated data from 9,600 people ages 12 to 17, with and without disabilities, from 2008 to 2010. Researchers found that nearly one-third of adolescents with autism qualified as obese.
And the problem could escalate.
Researchers have not yet been able to explain the rising numbers of autism diagnoses in this country. For instance, the current estimate of autism's prevalence in the U.S. population is based on 2010 census data for 8-year-old children. Those children are identified under the pre-2013 definition of the disease, when a diagnosis referred to separate conditions such as Asperger syndrome. Although improved detection could contribute to the recent surge, that explanation does not rule out an actual increase in cases.
Academic research has shown that kids with ASD typically have fewer options for recreational physical activity, but the disease doesn't preclude children from exercise. Underdeveloped social skills can limit participation more than physical impairments. For example, schools often host team-based athletics that rely on social cues and constructs.
"That's the beauty of running," Susan Pereles said. "You can do it as a solo activity. You can do it as a group." Pereles is the field development director in the National Capital Area office for Autism Speaks, an advocacy organization that funds research and awareness activities.
Researchers have also identified positive attributes of an activity like running, including the fact that the rhythms match repetitive motions sometimes associated with autistic individuals and that the sport remains available to people throughout their lifetimes.
Even if an autistic person doesn't always run with a group, he or she can take part in warm-ups, cool-downs and stretching.
"Running with a lot of people doing the same thing I'm doing is kind of a thrill for me," Finland said.
He's tried a few running groups, but he still prefers to train alone.
"I find it easier to run when you're alone," he said. "You're not distracted by who's running with you."
Still, he hasn't abandoned the prospect of having someone to match him stride for stride.
"Hopefully one day I'll have a running partner," he said.
Until then, what Finland has acquired through running is a concrete sense of self-sufficiency. "You're the only person you are in charge of. You don't have anybody to tell you what to do or where to go. You're running at your own convenience."
That autonomy was something his mother both wanted and feared.
"It's helped me learn to let him go," Glen said, "to trust him more on his own."
She wrote about that process — including her son's first solo Metro rides and his pursuit of a driver's license — in a memoir called Next Stop.
"On one hand," she said, "I'm pushing him to do it. On the other hand, I'm crouching behind saying careful, careful. Parents of special needs kids find it a little more difficult because the stressors, the challenges are different."
Many people contend that the car represents the quintessential American freedoms of movement and expansion. Runners might match their sport with the car. Finland accomplishes a bit of both.
His license plate reads MST FNSH.
A pre-work sprint for the federal and media crowds
Charlie Ban May 21, 2014 at 5:40pm
Runners head out in the first mile of the ACLI Capital Challenge May 21 in Anacostia Park. Photo: Charlie Ban
A lot of federal and media employees found out what their coworkers looked like in shorts at the ACLI Capital Challenge.
[button-red url="http://www.capitalchallenge.com/2001_cabinet/history2001.html" target="_self" position="left"] Results [/button-red]The annual three-mile run, a staple of many offices in Washington, featured strong individual performances from the Executive Branch, with Coast Guard's Patrick Fernandez edging House aide Paul Balmer, and Erin Taylor of the General Services Administration outlasting Rachel Beckmann, another Coast Guard team member. The out-and-back course in Anacostia Park featured a slight headwind after the turnaround. Both Fernandez and Taylor train with the Capital Area Runners. Balmer lead Rep. Earl Blumenauer's (D-Ore.) Red White and Blumenauer team to the House championship for the fifth consecutive year.
Taylor recruited four other GSA employees to join the Human "Capitol" Running Club.
"Everyone runs, in some capacity, but I think this is the first time we've had a GSA team," she said. "We didn't a chance to train together because we entered the team so late, but I'm hoping we have a few teams next year and will do some group runs."
Some runners surprise their colleagues with hidden talents. Jake Berube, who led the Daily Caller team (the Daily Ballers) to a second place finish in the Print Media division, was the "surprise fast guy" on his team that included a former collegiate runner. Though he was on the track team at the University of Southern Maine, he was a decathlete, with the longest running event spanning a mile. That's where he started.
"I ran the first mile really fast and I was just trying to survive the rest of the way," he said.
Sen. Rob Portman (R-Ohio) looks ahead to the race every spring.
"Everyone on my staff loves to run, and in order for them to run, I have to run, so two months before this race, I start running again," he said. Members of Congress have to participate in the race for their offices to field teams. "I'm 58 years old, so my knees and the back aren't great, but I try to run every two days. I always hope to run eight-minute miles."
The junior senator clocked just over 8:20 pace on his way to a 25:04 finish, for the top male finish in the upper house. Kay Hagan (D-N.C.) was the top female senator, in 35:15. Portman finishes jsut ahead of Kyrsten Sinema (D-Ariz.) the top female representative.
Portman's Communications Director Caitlin Dunn said most of her colleagues were active runners, with many completing the Cherry Blossom Ten Mile Run, the Rock 'n' Roll USA Half Marathon and the Philadelphia Marathon.
Tom Cotton (R-Ark.) was not only the fastest male representative, at 39th place out of 667, he was one of the fastest runners overall. His title came a day after he earned his party's nomination for this year's Senate race.
"I try to run most mornings, wherever I am," he said. "Arkansas is a great state for running, with the mountains, the river valleys, the plains. Between deployments, I was was stationed in Arlington, so I've gotten used to running here, too. I can be the fastest man in Congress, but if I was still in the Army, my soldiers would just call me a slow old man," he said.
Recently-confirmed U.S. Circuit Court Judge Nina Pillard won the women's Judicial Branch title in 23:20. She gathered three of her clerks and one of her fellow judge's clerks to form a team, after D.C. Circuit Court Judge Brett Kavanaugh told her about the competition shortly after she was confirmed. Kavanaugh's team led the Judicial standings.
"We chose our team on eagerness," she said. "We didn't train together, but we exchanged plenty of emails about running to get ready for this.
D.C. Superior Court Judge Robert Okun was the first male judge across the line in 20:47.
Nine-year-old Annie ran the race with her mom, All Things Considered Producer Justine Kenin. Annie is third-generation Capital Challenge, following in the footsteps of James Kenin, whose name now adorns the award for worst team name (WUSA-News Your Daddy won this year). NPR sported approximately 50 runners, making it one of the largest contingents at the race.
"She knew I ran this every year and she asked to do it last year," Kenin said. "I told her she could only run if she trained for it."
Annie felt it was one of her better races, riding high off of Saturday's Girls on the Run 5k, the culminating event for her elementary school training group.
"I like running with my mom and my friends," she said. "This wasn't my best race, but it was pretty good."
When she shared her motivational strategies, it sounded akin to what a lot of coworkers might have said to each other before grabbing a danish and heading back to the office.
"A lot of them break down and say they can't do it," Annie said. "I tell them, 'don't say can't, because can't never helps anything.'"
Falls Church native captures first national title at Cherry Blossom
Charlie Ban April 7, 2014 at 12:04pm
The lead pack, including U.S. 10 mile champion Christo Landry,center, navigates a turn in mile five of the Cherry Blossom Ten Mile. Photo: Charlie Ban
Chasing Greg Meyer's American record put Christo Landry in contention at the Cherry Blossom Ten Mile, and though he fell short of the 46:13 standard, the Falls Church native came away with his first national championship in 46:41. His finish put him sixth overall.
Now a professional runner for Mizuno living in Ann Arbor, he came home to the D.C. area to tune up for the 10k at the Peyton Jordan invitational next month at Stanford University and ended up lobbing off a chunk from his previous 10 mile time, a racing distance of relative obscurity away from the east coast.
[button-red url="http://www.runwashington.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/CB-2014.pdf" target="_self" position="left"] Results [/button-red]"That American record was within reach," he said. "If I had just had someone to push the pace and hang onto the last three miles…I would have just had to run 4:40 miles, which was slower than I was going, but I was doing a lot of leading into the wind. I'm really happy to get the overall American win."
He ran at William and Mary following a high school career at Thomas Jefferson Science and Technology.
"Just landing and seeing the metro, I was like, 'I'm home!'" I heard 'go Christo' a lot. With a name like that, you know they're yelling for you and not a 'Chris' or 'Christopher.'"
His parents moved to Seattle years ago, but he still has an aunt and uncle in Capitol Hill.
Ahead of him, Stephen Sambu improved from his fourth place finish last year to edge defending champion Daniel Salel, both timed at 45:29.It was the second consecutive year two Kenyans finished in the same time at the front of the race. In 2013, Salel outleaned Allan Kirprono. Kiprono finished third this year in 45:47.
"It was a tough race," Sambu said. "Really, really tough, from the start, people were hammering."
He had a slight advantage with 300 meters to go, marked by a sign with the distance left in the race that Sambu was thankful to see, despite having run the race twice before.
"I didn't have to guess how much we had left, I knew I could pull it off," he said. "I knew he had a good kick, but in the middle of the race, if I still feel good, I knew I could do it."
The course, now in its sixth year of the current layout, played to his strengths.
"Perfect flat, not too many hills, and no wind," he said. "Last year was tough."
His improvement between the two races, 90 seconds, was a testament to the improved conditions, and Sambu's improvement. Salel's time was 37 seconds faster than last year.
Sambu ran at the University of Arizona and lives in Tuscon.
Matt Tegenkamp, of Portland, was the second American until roughly 1200 meters remained, when his calf seized up and he struggled to the finish line in 15th place, the fifth American. He ran the 5k at the 2008 Olympics and the 10k in 2012.
"It was a pretty crazy race," he said. "The first mile was pretty tame, then things picked up in the second mile, then three to five was just crazy fast. I was just trying to fight the war of attrition, find a comfortable rhythm and I did around 10k. Then there were enough guys blowing up from the early pace that they were coming back."
That worked, up until close to the end.
"I spent three miles catching up to Girma (Mecheso) then after mile nine, my calf went bad and (Mecheso and) three other Americans (Mo Trafeh, Ben Bruce and frequent Cherry Blossom runner Tim Young of Fredericksburg) passed me."
After his first go-round at Cherry Blossom, Tegenkamp came away with an observation about the course. "To compete well in this race, you have to be in track shape," he said. "I wasn't there and I could tell. It's really a race where you feel like you're on a track."
Luke Meyer, three years ago the top U.S. finisher, lead the local running contingent, finishing 20th in 48:45 and 10th in the U.S. championship race, a mere 19 seconds slower than when he was training in law sch0ol.
U.S 10 Mile Championships (gun times)
1. Christo Landry 46:41
2. Girma Mecheso 47:22
3. Mo Trafeh 47:27
4. Ben Bruce 47:33
5. Tim Young 47:45
6. Matt Tegenkamp 47:57
7. Joe Gray 48:04
8. Tyler McCandless 48:21
9. Ian Burrell 48:42
10. Luke Meyer 48:46
Brian Fuller ties his shoes before the start of the Cherry Blossom Ten mile. Photo: Vladimir Bukalo


text:
Architecture of a transcribing-translating expressome
R. Kohler1,
R. A. Mooney2,
D. J. Mills3,
R. Landick2,*,
P. Cramer1,*
1Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
3Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Department of Structural Biology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
↵*Corresponding author. Email: landick{at}bact.wisc.edu (R.L.); patrick.cramer{at}mpibpc.mpg.de (P.C.)
Science 14 Apr 2017:
DOI: 10.1126/science.aal3059
R. Kohler
Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
ORCID record for R. Kohler
R. A. Mooney
Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
ORCID record for R. A. Mooney
D. J. Mills
Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Department of Structural Biology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
R. Landick
ORCID record for R. Landick
For correspondence: landick@bact.wisc.edu patrick.cramer@mpibpc.mpg.de
P. Cramer
ORCID record for P. Cramer
Coupling transcription and translation
In bacteria, the transcription of DNA into mRNA by RNA polymerase is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into protein by the ribosome. How this coupling is achieved has been unclear. Kohler et al. show that RNA polymerase and the ribosome from Escherichia coli can form a so-called expressome complex. Electron microscopy structural analysis, together with functional experiments, revealed details of the coupled complex. The coupling could allow translation to prevent transcriptional pausing, backtracking, and termination.
Science, this issue p. 194
DNA transcription is functionally coupled to messenger RNA (mRNA) translation in bacteria, but how this is achieved remains unclear. Here we show that RNA polymerase (RNAP) and the ribosome of Escherichia coli can form a defined transcribing and translating "expressome" complex. The cryo–electron microscopic structure of the expressome reveals continuous protection of ~30 nucleotides of mRNA extending from the RNAP active center to the ribosome decoding center. The RNAP-ribosome interface includes the RNAP subunit α carboxyl-terminal domain, which is required for RNAP-ribosome interaction in vitro and for pronounced cell growth defects upon translation inhibition in vivo, consistent with its function in transcription-translation coupling. The expressome structure can only form during transcription elongation and explains how translation can prevent transcriptional pausing, backtracking, and termination.
Gene expression in all organisms involves transcription and translation. During transcription, RNA polymerase (RNAP) transcribes DNA into mRNA. During translation, the ribosome uses mRNA as a template for protein synthesis. Half a century ago, it was predicted that transcription and translation are linked in prokaryotic cells (1). Early electron microscopy (EM) showed transcribing RNAP in close proximity to ribosomes in Escherichia coli (2). When RNAP produces mRNA containing a ribosome-binding sequence (RBS), translation can initiate and prevent transcription termination (3). Translation inhibition leads to increased RNAP pausing, showing that transcription and translation are kinetically coupled (4, 5). Thus, a pioneering ribosome on the nascent mRNA promotes transcription and governs the overall rate of gene expression. It was suggested that NusG or related proteins form a physical bridge between RNAP and the ribosome (6), but the structural basis for transcription-translation coupling is unknown.
We assumed that transcription-translation coupling requires formation of a structurally defined, functional RNAP-ribosome complex that we call here the "expressome." To investigate whether the expressome exists, we formed a stalled transcription elongation complex (EC) from E. coli RNAP and a DNA-RNA scaffold with an RBS in the RNA 5′ region, and used this EC as a substrate for translation (see methods in supplementary materials). The ribosome translated the RNA until it encountered the stalled RNAP (Fig. 1). The resulting complex was purified by affinity purification and gradient centrifugation.
Fig. 1 Reconstitution of the expressome.
Template DNA, nontemplate DNA, and mRNA carrying a ribosome-binding sequence (RBS) and a 3′-desoxy-C (dC) end were annealed to obtain a nucleic acid scaffold. The mRNA register is indicated in red, where +1 is the nucleotide addition site in RNAP, and negative numbers indicate upstream positions with respect to this site. RNAP was added to form a stalled transcription elongation complex, which was then used as a template for in vitro translation. The ribosome translated the mRNA until encountering the stalled RNAP. Expressomes were purified from the reaction mix.
EM imaging of purified complexes after negative staining revealed ribosomes with an additional density on the small (30S) ribosomal subunit that corresponded in size to RNAP (fig. S1). Cryo-EM images collected with a direct electron detector led to two-dimensional (2D) particle class averages and an unclassified 3D reconstruction that confirmed the additional density on ribosomes (fig. S1, B to D). Unsupervised local 3D classification of 104,763 ribosome particles yielded a class of 15,085 particles with the RNAP EC in a well-defined orientation, indicating that the in vitro preparation led to the formation of an expressome (fig. S2). We obtained a cryo-EM reconstruction of the E. coli expressome at a resolution of 7.6 Å [Fourier shell correlation (FSC) = 0.143, fig. S3A].
The cryo-EM reconstruction (fig. S3) enabled building of a backbone model of the expressome (Fig. 2). Crystal structures for ribosomal subunits (7) were fitted into the electron density. The ribosome shows only local structural changes and occupies a posttranslocation state resembling state "post 2" (8). The P-site tRNA has good density (fig. S4A) and shows mRNA codon-anticodon interactions. The E-site tRNA shows weaker density, likely because it is partially lost during purification (9). Density for the nascent protein is visible in the polypeptide tunnel (fig. S4A), showing that the ribosome was translating before cryo-EM analysis. The crystal structure of E. coli RNAP (10) was fitted automatically and unambiguously (cross-correlation = 0.87) to the density on the 30S subunit. Downstream DNA and the DNA-RNA hybrid within RNAP were placed into densities at known locations (11).
Fig. 2 Architecture of the expressome.
(A) Cryo-EM reconstruction of the expressome. The electron density map was low-pass filtered to 9 Å resolution. Structures were rigid-body fitted. Ribosome landmarks are labeled in black (L1 St, L1 stalk; h, head; pt, platform). 50S ribosomal subunit (blue), 30S (yellow). 30S proteins rS2 (pink), rS4 (dark blue), rS5 (forest green), rS9 (cyan); RNAP subunit α1 (light gray), α2 (dark gray), β (light blue), βʹ (salmon), ω (light purple); template DNA (dark blue); nontemplate DNA (cyan); mRNA (red); codon and anticodon nucleotides (light rose); P-site tRNA (dark green); nascent peptide (orange). (B) Section through the fitted structures (PDB codes 2avy, 2aw4, and 5byh without αCTD) showing the path of mRNA (red) from the RNAP active center to the decoding center of the ribosome. The path of the nascent peptide chain is shown as orange circles. Same view as in (A). (C) Segmented density for template DNA, mRNA, and tRNA. Nascent mRNA reaches the surface of the RNAP at about register –12 and enters the ribosome at about register –18. The mRNA codon nucleotides are at about register –27 to –29. PTC, peptidyl transfer center.
In the derived architectural model of the expressome, the RNA exit region of RNAP docks onto the site of entry to the ribosomal mRNA-binding channel between ribosomal proteins S3, S4, and S5 (Figs. 2B and 3A). Nascent mRNA exiting from RNAP enters straight into the ribosome, consistent with seamless mRNA protection in the expressome. The mRNA was traced through continuous electron density, which was less defined only for nucleotides at registers ~12 to 18 at the interface between RNAP and the ribosome (Fig. 2C). Around 30 nucleotides (nt) of RNA suffice to span the sites of RNA synthesis and decoding, consistent with prior results (12). The mRNA is defined in the decoding center and until register ~32 before it exits the narrow RNA tunnel in the region between ribosomal proteins S2, S7, S18, and S21.
Fig. 3 RNAP-ribosome interactions.
(A) Footprint of the RNAP on the solvent-exposed surface of the 30S ribosomal subunit. View tilted 90° relative to Fig. 2A. Ribosomal proteins (rS2, rS3, rS4, rS5, rS9, rS10, and rS14) are in different colors and labeled. The RNAP footprint on the 30S is outlined in gray and subdivided into regions contacting RNAP subunits. The dashed gray oval marks a putative αCTD contact site. The red star marks the entrance to the mRNA tunnel. (B) View of the RNAP-30S interface reveals an additional density attributed to the αCTDs (dashed oval). The αCTDs apparently contact 16S rRNA near h38 (~nt 1120) and h39 (~nt 1145) and rS9. The RNAP β-SI2 helix bundle (lower left) contacts H33 of the 16S rRNA. It is apparently mobile because the observed density does not fully cover the SI2 motif of the 5byh crystal structure. H33 moves toward RNAP relative to its location in the ribosome structure (PDB code 2avy, arrow). Relative to Fig. 2A, the view is rotated counterclockwise by 110° around the vertical axis.
The RNAP uses surfaces on four of its five subunits to contact the 30S subunit (Fig. 3). The interface is formed by conserved elements of RNAP (13) and the ribosome (14). The N-terminal domain (NTD) of the RNAP subunit α1 interacts with ribosomal proteins S3 and S10; the RNAP flap domain contacts S3, S4, and the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at helix 18; the RNAP β SI2 motif [Protein Data Bank (PDB) code 5byh, chain C, residues ~944 to 1040, also known as βi9, Fig. 3B] contacts RNA helix 33 and ribosomal protein S3; the RNAP subunit β clamp domain contacts proteins S4 and S5; and the RNAP subunit ω contacts protein S2.
The RNAP-ribosome interface contained an additional electron density (Fig. 3B) that we hypothesize belongs to the RNAP α subunit C-terminal domains (αCTDs), because all other domains were assigned. This density could accommodate αCTDs from both adjacent α subunits. Although its quality was not sufficient for modeling, this density would position the αCTDs near 16S rRNA helix 39. To investigate if the αCTDs are involved in RNAP-ribosome interaction, we tested whether isolated E. coli RNAP and ribosome particles interact in vitro. We observed formation of an RNAP-ribosome complex that was stable during sucrose-gradient centrifugation (Fig. 4A, lane 1, and fig. S5). We repeated the interaction assay with an RNAP variant that lacked both αCTDs (RNAPΔαCTD), and ribosome-RNAP binding was essentially abolished (Fig. 4A, lane 3). In contrast, deletion of the RNAP region SI2 (RNAPΔSI2), which forms a minor contact with the ribosome, did not reduce binding (Fig. 4A, lane 2). Thus, the αCTD, but not SI2, is required for RNAP-ribosome interaction.
Fig. 4 RNAP-ribosome interaction is direct and functional.
(A) RNAP variants were preincubated with 70S ribosomes at 1 μM concentration. Comigration in a sucrose gradient was monitored by SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of ribosome-containing fractions (lanes 1 to 3, left of marker). RNAP wild type (wt) and RNAPΔSI2 bind strongly to ribosomes; RNAPΔαCTD shows strongly reduced binding, identifying the RNAP αCTD as an important binding module. In the three right lanes, loading controls show the expected molecular weights of the proteins. (B) RNAP (wild type or lacking the αCTD) was expressed from plasmids under control of the Pbad promoter in minimal medium. After 40 min of expression, chloramphenicol (Cm), bicyclomycin (Bcm), or both were added to inhibit ribosomes and Rho termination factor, respectively. Ara, arabinose; AA, casamino acids. (C) Cell density versus time for cultures with or without Cm at 4 μg/ml (a.u., arbitrary units). The reduction in the effect of Cm became more pronounced with longer incubation.
To investigate the effect of the αCTD-ribosome interaction in vivo, we expressed wild-type and ∆αCTD RNAPs from an arabinose-inducible plasmid in early exponential phase cells growing in minimal medium (Fig. 4B). After arabinose induction for 40 min, ~80% of cellular RNAP lacked the αCTD, but cell growth remained nearly normal (fig. S6). To compromise translation, we added chloramphenicol (Cm) at 0.5 to 20 μg/ml. The growth rate of cells containing ∆αCTD RNAP was inhibited to a lesser extent by Cm than cells containing wild-type RNAP (Fig. 4C and fig. S6), suggesting that disruption of the RNAP-ribosome interaction by removal of αCTD reduced the effect of translation inhibition on cell growth. At higher Cm concentrations, cell density decreased, indicating that cell death was occurring to a greater extent in wild-type cells. Greater cell viability in ∆αCTD RNAP cells was not due to loss of Rho termination factor inhibition. At shorter arabinose induction times, inhibiting Rho with bicyclomycin (Bcm) did not aid wild-type cells and increased the difference between wild-type and ∆αCTD cells. At longer times, Rho inhibition was synergistic with Cm in lowering cell density. Consistent with these findings, transcription of lacZ by ∆αCTD RNAP progressed further in the presence of Cm than did transcription by wild-type RNAP, as assayed by chromatin immunoprecipitation after addition of isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and Cm (fig. S7).
Although indirect, these in vivo results are consistent with an αCTD-mediated ribosome-RNAP interaction slowing transcription and increasing transcriptional arrest upon Cm addition. We suggest that an increase in RNAP arrest caused by interaction with inhibited ribosomes may increase replisome-RNAP collisions and thus interfere with DNA replication (15), causing cell lethality.
The αCTDs are flexibly connected to RNAP (16) and bind to promoters and regulatory proteins during transcription initiation (17–20), suggesting that the expressome can only form after the transition from transcription initiation to elongation. Indeed, modeling shows that the RNAP initiation factors σ70 (21), σ54 (10), and σ38 (22) cannot bind to RNAP in the expressome (fig. S4B). In contrast, binding of the RNAP elongation factors GreA, GreB, NusG, and RfaH to RNAP is possible after expressome formation (23–25) (fig. S4C). However, RNAP-bound NusG or RfaH cannot simultaneously bind the 30S protein S10 in the expressome (6, 26) because the NusG/RfaH linker is too short (Fig. 3B and fig. S4C).
The expressome structure also explains how a translating ribosome in the wake of RNAP prevents transcriptional pausing, backtracking, and termination (4). Pausing and backtracking require RNAP to stall and reverse thread the RNA, which is prevented by a translating ribosome that binds RNAP and pulls on the exiting nascent RNA. Modeling shows that binding of the transcription termination factor NusA (27) to RNAP is not possible in the expressome because of a predicted clash with the 30S subunit, nor is NusA able to prevent ribosome-RNAP binding through its contacts to the αCTD (fig. S5A). Similarly, the transcription termination factor Rho cannot approach RNAP because it binds to exiting RNA that is shielded by the ribosome. The RNAP-ribosome interface also does not leave space for the formation of a terminator RNA hairpin, consistent with the ability of ribosomes to block intrinsic termination (28).
Whereas these results indicate that the expressome can only form during transcription elongation, further modeling suggests that translation cycles can occur within the expressome (fig. S4, B and C). The surface of the ribosome that interacts with RNAP in the expressome is not used by known ribosome-binding factors. Factors for translation initiation, elongation, and termination, and for ribosome release and recycling, all bind near the ribosome subunit interface. RNAP binding at the observed surface is, however, predicted to be mutually exclusive with ribosome dimerization that occurs for ribosome storage (29) and possibly interferes with binding of transfer-messenger RNA that functions in ribosome recycling (30).
The structurally defined, functional expressome complex visualizes the central dogma of molecular biology within a single framework, and suggests a basis of transcription-translation coupling. The conservation of structural elements at the RNAP-ribosome interface may indicate that expressomes can form in all prokaryotes. Superposition of archaeal RNAP and ribosome onto our structure (fig. S4D) leads only to minor clashes, suggesting that archaea may contain expressomes. In contrast, superposition with eukaryotic RNAP II and ribosome leads to steric clashes (fig. S4E), consistent with rapid evolution of RNAP and ribosome surfaces after the separation of transcription and translation in two cellular compartments.
www.sciencemag.org/content/356/6334/194/suppl/DC1
Figs. S1 to S8
Table S1
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Acknowledgments: We thank W. Kühlbrandt for access to a Polara electron microscope. We thank D. Haselbach, H. Stark, and S. Prinz for help with grid preparation and negative-stain data collection. We thank D. Kostrewa and C. Bernecky for help. R.K. was supported by the European Commission (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF). P.C. was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB860), the advanced grants TRANSIT and TRANSREGULON of the European Research Council, and the Volkswagen Foundation. R.A.M. and R.L. were supported by NIH grant GM38660. An electron density map of the expressome with fitted structures and the map for the ribosome with improved S1 density were deposited in the EM database (accession codes EMD-3580 and EMD-3579, respectively). R.K. designed experiments and performed interaction assays, electron microscopy, and data analysis. R.A.M. and R.L. prepared E. coli RNAP and performed in vivo and genome-wide experiments. D.J.M. supervised EM data collection. P.C. and R.L. designed and supervised research. R.K. and P.C. prepared the manuscript with input from all authors.
You are going to email the following Architecture of a transcribing-translating expressome
By R. Kohler, R. A. Mooney, D. J. Mills, R. Landick, P. Cramer
Science 14 Apr 2017 : 194-197
The structure of an RNA polymerase–ribosome complex suggests the molecular basis for transcription-translation coupling.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This butter is great on grilled steaks. I marinated the tenderloin steaks in equal measures of Worcestershire sauce and soy sauce(about 1/2 cup of each), for about an hour before grilling. Once the steaks are finished grilling, turn off the barbecue and place a dollop of the butter(a heaping tablespoon) on each steak. Close the barbecue cover for a few minutes to let the butter melt over the steaks. Serve immediately. The butter can be frozen for future use.
Something optional would be adding a little port wine(about 2 tablespoons) to the butter while it is in the food processor. If you prefer some other fresh herb, like tarragon, rosemary or chives, then please add. I used fresh thyme this time.
Makes: this should be enough for 8 steaks.
Place all the ingredients in a food processor and blend. You may need to scrape the sides of the bowl down a few times. Keep at room temperature, if you are using that day, if not refrigerate or freeze in a sealed container.


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The Handmaid's Tale season two already looks totally terrifying
Orlaith Condon
Praise be!
After just one episode, Hulu's The Handmaid's Tale had us completely and utterly hooked.
Yes, the show was one of our stand-outs from 2017 and we've been eagerly anticipating season two ever since.
Well, while there might be another while until the actual release, Hulu is teasing the upcoming season with some seriously spooky images.
WATCH: The trailer for the Silence of the Lambs sequel TV show is here
Showrunner Bruce Miller has promised that season two will be even more intense than the first and that fans should expect some terrifying twists and turns along the way.
And if these new images are anything to go by, we're in for a serious ride.
Season two will explore the world of Gilead even further and will also follow Alexis Bledel's Emily into a whole new world – the colonies.
Yes, we heard a lot about it in season one but next season will bring us inside the place where disobedient handmaids go to be punished.
"Everything from the design of their costumes to the way they look is so chilling," Miller told EW of the story behind the revealed pictures of a funeral scene.
"These scenes that are so beautiful, while set in such a terrible place, provide the kind of contrast that makes me happy."
And if that doesn't have you excited, Elizabeth Moss' recent comments on the next season surely will.
"There is literally no way that anyone can guess what happens.
"You can try, but you won't do it."
The second season of The Handmaid's Tale is due to air in April on Hulu.
The Handmaid's Tale.
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American novelist Mark Twain once remarked that reports of his death had been greatly exaggerated. If the author of Huckleberry Finn were alive today, he'd doubtless make a similar observation about the ideologically-motivated doom and gloom merchants who are peddling a narrative of looming disaster in Iraq.
In the last week in January, the Australian media gave considerable coverage to the Shoah, the Nazi Genocide, as the world marked the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz by Soviet troops.
There is reason for cautious optimism that the recent Sharon-Abbas Summit at Sharm-el-Sheikh might spell the end of the four-year conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.
Israeli-Palestinian ceasefire announced on February 8 in Sharm al-Sheikh created a window of opportunity that will slam shut quickly if terrorists resume attacks against Israel.
When Israel's head of state, President Moshe Katsav, arrives for an official visit in Australia on Feb. 28, it will be symbolic of the excellent relations between Australia and Israel.
In his January 20, 2005, inaugural speech, President George W. Bush declared, "America will not pretend that jailed dissidents prefer their chains, or that women welcome humiliation and servitude."


If you see any of the above, PM me asap!
By CIRAS do you mean Plate Carrier?
Si Craig, let me know if you see it for sale.
Bejaysus,how'd ye manage to lose all of that?
My mate left it all in a van. Not really the greatest place to keep all of your gear.
are there any features unique to your kit?
This is one of the CTW's, I'll try to find some more photo's of the other guns.


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22 February Barceló / Pin and Travel / Cultures / Art and Culture / Two hotels for sleeping like a star (at the Oscars 2017)
Two hotels for sleeping like a star (at the Oscar ceremony)
Majorca and Santo Domingo are home to two hotels with close ties to the film world: Formentor, a Royal Hideaway Hotel, and El Embajador, a Royal Hideaway Hotel.
Are you a die-hard movie buff? Are you ready to watch the 2017 Oscars Awards Ceremony live on the 26th? Have you seen all the nominated films and placed your bets on the winners? If you answered "yes" to these questions, then this post is for you because it's about two blockbuster hotels: Formentor, a Royal Hideaway Hotel and El Embajador, a Royal Hideaway Hotel
Audrey Hepburn, Gary Cooper, Cary Grant, Peter Ustinov, John Wayne, Claudia Cardinale, Jane Birkin… The jaw-dropping list of guests who have stayed at Formentor, a Royal Hideaway Hotel since its early days is filled with celebrities, including Hollywood stars such as Grace Kelly and Joan Fontaine, who had already become a star thanks to Rebecca and Suspicion.
However, actors and actresses aren't the only stars who have stayed at this hotel. The actor, director and composer Charles Chaplin and his wife, Oona O'Neill (daughter of the writer Eugene O'Neill) also spent the night here on a number of occasions.
Formentor's most recent role as a filming location was in the romantic comedy Me Before You, starring Emilie Clarke (2015).
Another hotel with close ties to Hollywood is the El Embajador Hotel in Santo Domingo. In the 1950s, its Embassy Club was the epicenter of Dominican music and Latin jazz, and movie stars such as Rock Hudson stayed here. What stands out the most is the fact that scenes from The Godfather II (Francis Ford Coppola, 1974), one of the great classics of all time, were filmed in the garden around the pool. It is also said that Steve McQueen worked as a carpenter here in the mid-1950s. The latest powerhouse to select the hotel as a filming location was Andy Garcia in the first film he directed, The Lost City. The hotel's relationship with the movie industry is alive and well, and last year the nominees for the Platino Awards for Iberoamerican Cinema were announced here.
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Plan Verde: Nicaragua
This page presents the geographical name data for Plan Verde in Nicaragua, as supplied by the US military intelligence in electronic format, including the geographic coordinates and place name in various forms, latin, roman and native characters, and its location in its respective country's administrative division.
Full Name (see definition): Plan Verde
Primary Country Code (see definition): NU (Nicaragua)
First-order administrative division code (see definition): 00 (Nicaragua (general) )
Region Font Code (see definition): 1 (Americas/Western Europe)
Unique Feature Identifier (see definition): -1113814
Unique Name Identifier (see definition): -1646296
Latitude in decimal degrees (see definition): 14.066667
Longitude in decimal degrees (see definition): -86.016667
Latitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds (see definition): 14° 04' 00" N
Longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds (see definition): 86° 01' 00" W
Military Grid Reference System coordinates (see definition): 16PFA0616555321
Joint Operations Graphic reference (see definition): ND16-07
Feature Classification (see definition): S (Spot type feature)
Feature Designation Code (see definition): BP (boundary marker)
Secondary Country Code (see definition): NU (Nicaragua)
Language Code (see definition): No data
A form of the full name that allows for alphabetical sorting of the file into gazetteer sequence (see definition): PLANVERDE
Full Name with QWERTY characters (see definition): Plan Verde
NOTE: The information regarding Plan Verde in Nicaragua on this page is published from the data supplied by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, a member of the Intelligence community of the United States of America, and a Department of Defense (DoD) Combat Support Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Plan Verde information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Plan Verde should be addressed to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.
https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1646296&fid=4459&c=nicaragua
Nicaragua names alphabetically
Plan Verde


Artificial Group was the official partner of the prestigious fashion event "Gombold újra". We were responsible for all animations and video visuals of the event. Artificial was also collaborating with the best fashion designers to visually support their shows. You need strong identity for your brand? Yes we can!


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Home/Personal Finance/Fink weighs ending PAC after 'assault' on democracy at Capitol
Fink weighs ending PAC after 'assault' on democracy at Capitol
Editor Team Send an email 1 day ago
BlackRock CEO Larry Fink said his firm will consider eliminating its political action committee after last week's attack at the U.S. Capitol.
The incoming administration must work to "bring people together," Fink said in an interview Thursday, after BlackRock reported fourth-quarter results. Fink joins a chorus of corporate voices reconsidering their roles in the political process in the wake of the Jan. 6 unrest, which resulted in an unprecedented second impeachment for President Donald Trump.
The riot was an "assault on our democracy" and "on the democratic foundations of what this country represents," said BlackRock CEO Larry Fink.
The company had already paused PAC-giving after hundreds of rioters, egged on by Trump, stormed the building, where 147 Republican lawmakers sought to block the certification of Joe Biden's election victory.
The riot was an "assault on our democracy" and "on the democratic foundations of what this country represents," Fink, 68, said in an earlier interview with CNBC. "It's going to leave a real mark."
Fink, who had been considered a potential candidate for a Cabinet post under previous Democratic administrations, said easing political tensions will be a critical challenge for Biden.
His outlook for the economy, meanwhile, is bullish. Fink predicted that markets will march higher in 2021, particularly in the second half, as the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines accelerates. BlackRock finished 2020 on a high note, with a record $8.68 trillion of assets under management at the end of the fourth quarter, an 11% increase from Sept. 30.
While other asset managers struggled in 2020, New York-based BlackRock thrived in the wake of the economic shocks caused by the pandemic, which triggered the sharpest market swings in years. Investors pumped cash into almost all of the firm's products.
BlackRock shares surged 44% last year, its best annual performance since 2013. The 65-company S&P 500 Financials Index fell 4.1%.
Long-term flows
Investors added a net $116.2 billion to the firm's long-term investments such as mutual funds and ETFs, BlackRock said Thursday.
Equity funds took in a net $48.1 billion, and fixed income products drew $62.7 billion in net inflows.
The S&P 500 climbed 16% last year, and 12% in the fourth quarter, even as the U.S. unemployment rate remained elevated and a new wave of COVID-19 ravaged the country.
Investors continued to add funds to BlackRock's passive products through the end of 2020. Quarterly net inflows into iShares ETFs were near record levels, taking in $78.8 billion in the period, up from $75.2 billion in the same period a year earlier.
Fourth-quarter adjusted earnings rose 20% from a year earlier to $1.57 billion, or $10.18 share, beating the $9.19 average estimate of analysts surveyed by Bloomberg. Revenue of $4.48 billion also topped estimates of $4.31 billion.
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An example first resume for a high school student with no Example resume recent high school graduate experience, with tips for what, and what not, to include in your first professional resume. High School Graduate Resume Example Resume Example for a High School Graduate With Work Experience.
Share Flip Pin Whether youre a current college student or a fulltime member of the workforce, writing a resume as a recent high school graduate can be a challenge. But even without a lot of work experience or a Sample College EntryLevel Resumes: There are lots of possibilities for a college student or recent graduate's resume.
Let your qualifications and experience, as well as the requirements of the position, guide you in determining how to lay out your resume and what information to include. Sample Resumes Recent High School Graduate Shortly after high school graduation Stephen has only minimal work experience, so he strengthens his resume with relevant skills gained in a variety of other waysthrough classwork, odd jobs, and even helping around home. High school student resume objective examples The following are a few examples of resumes objectives for high school students.
Most Recent Jobs. Technology Solution Sales Executive. iCorps Technologies, Inc. Philadelphia, PA. Desktop Support Analyst. Free resume templates for freshman, students, and high school graduates. You are about to graduate high school and you haven't had a time for a job until now. 8 Sample High School Graduate Resumes High school is the time where we are being prepared a step closer into being an adult. It is the time where we start thinking about what career path we want to take both in academically or professionally.
Sample Resume Objective Statements for HS Students Sample Objective Statements for High School Student Resume I want to obtain a responsible and challenging position with a progressive company where my talent and ability will have valuable application and utilization of my opportunity for advancement of the firm.
To show you how you can stand out from the crowd, take a look below at what a great resume for a high school student might look like (we chose to create a sample resume for a veterinary assistant), and download the high school gradveterinary assistant resume template in Word.
High School Resume Example If you do not have professional experience or a college degree, you may be hoping to land an entrylevel job, apprenticeship, or internship. In your Resume Objective, youll need to emphasize general traits about your character, personality, and work ethic that would make you a valuable employee.


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Civil Appeal 1 of 2018
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Thangari v Mwaniki; Mwangi (Interested Party) (Civil Appeal 1 of 2018) [2022] KEHC 15501 (KLR) (18 November 2022) (Ruling)
Thangari v Mwaniki; Mwangi (Interested Party)
High Court at Nyahururu
Charles Mutungi Kariuki
In the High Court at Nyahururu
CM Kariuki, J
Jason Muita Thangari
Richard Mwangi Mwaniki
James Wambugu Mwangi
1.By a Notice of Motion dated 22nd April 2022 under Section 68(1) of the Land Registration Act, 2012 and section 1A, 1B and 3A of the Civil Procedure Act, CAP 21, Laws of Kenya and Order 50 Rule 6 and Order 51 Rule 1 and 3 of the Civil Procedure Rules 2010 and all other enabling provisions of the law, the Applicant herein sought the following orders: -i.Spentii.Spentiii.That the transfer of the title no. Laikipia/Mutitu Ngoru Block 4/233 (Manguo) in favour of James Wambugu Mwangi (interested party) be cancelled and the same be reverted into the Applicant's name.iv.That the time limited for depositing the sum of kshs. 1,200,000/- be extended to 8th March 2022 and the Applicant be deemed to have complied with the court's judgement delivered herein on 3rd February 2022.v.That costs of the application be provided for.
2.Which application is supported by the affidavit deponed by Charles Gakuhi Chege and the grounds contained in the face of the application as follows:-That the Applicant paid to his advocates the balance of the amount ordered to be deposited into court on 25th February 2022 which was within the thirty days given in the court's judgement.
I.The managing partner of the law firm Gakuhi Chege & Associates Advocates was not available to deposit the said amount into the court's account until 7th March 2022 which was past the deadline of 5th March 2022 given by the court.
II.The delay in making the said deposit within thirty days given by court cannot be blamed on the Respondent.
III.It is therefore mete and just that the deadline be extended.
3.On 10th March 2022, the honourable court issued an order for stay of transfer of the suit property pending hearing inter-partes of the Applicant's application dated 9th March 2022
4.The order was presented to the land registry at Rumuruti on 11th March 2022 where it was discovered that the land parcel number had an error.
5.On 14th March 2022, the Applicant filed an amended application with the correct land parcel number which was considered and exparte orders granted.
6.Although the appellant's advocates had been served on 14th March 2022 with the application dated 9th March 2022 together with the order issued on 1th March 2022, they nevertheless proceeded to register the transfer in favour of the interested party.
7.The transfer of the suit property on 15th March 2022 when it was being litigated upon offends the doctrine of lis pendens and ought to be cancelled forthwith.
8.The said transfer was clearly intended to defeat the instant litigation and Nyahururu CMCC no. 216 of 2014 and it is a clear abuse of court process.
9.It is in the interest of justice that the order sought herein be granted.
10.The application was opposed by the Respondent vide the replying affidavit of Richard Mwangi Mwaniki dated 13th July 2022. It was averred that by 4/3/2022 the Applicant had not complied with the court orders given on 3/2/2022 and therefore the orders stood as vacated and the 2nd Respondent proceeded to have the suit land transferred to his name as ordered.
11.Further, that the Applicant moved the court for stay on the 9/3/2022 after the orders had automatically lapsed and transfer instruments had been presented to the land office for registration of transfer. That the Applicant deposited a sum of kshs. 935,413/- in court on the 8/3/2022 which amount fell short of the kshs. 1,200,000/- ordered by the court and which was outside the 30 days period and no extension of time was granted.
12.The Respondent deponed that the kshs. 1,200,000/- to be deposited by the Applicant was in respect of the purchase price paid by the 2nd Respondent for the purchase of the suit property through a public auction whereas the kshs. 264,587/- deposited by the Applicant on the 9/5/2018 was in respect of an admission of indebtedness by the Applicant in his statement of defence therefore the Applicant is yet to fully comply with the orders of 3/3/2022.
13.It was averred that the 2nd Respondent's title deed was regularly issued as there was no stay orders of extension of time granted at the time of presentation of the transfer documents for registration and the Respondents are therefore opposed to the title deed being cancelled through an interlocutory application.
14.The 1st Respondent also deponed that he will be greatly prejudiced if the orders sought are granted as huge expenses were incurred in transferring the land on non-failure by the Applicant to comply with clear court orders whereas the Applicant can file a suit for compensation if at all he believes that the suit land was not properly sold to the 2nd Respondent and the delay in effecting service of the application dated 9/3/2022 upon my advocates on record has not been explained and they should not be blamed for the same.
15.In addition, the Applicant also filed a supplementary affidavit in response deponed by Charles Gakuhi Chege dated 23rd August 2022.
16. Applicant's Submissions
17.The Applicant submitted that the honorable court is being called upon to exercise its unfettered discretion in extending the time set in its judgement and in cancelling the interested party' title on the basis of the doctrine of lis pendens.
18.Reliance was placed on Order 50 Rule 6 of the Civil Procedure Rules and Nicholas Kiptoo Korir Arap Salat vs IEBC & 7 Others [2014] eKLR.
19.It was asserted that the court of appeal while considering the issue of exercise of discretion on account of mistake of counsel in CFC Stanbic Limited vs John Maina Githaiga & Another [2013] eKLR cited in the decision In Lee F. Muthoga vs Habib Zurich Finance (K) Ltd & Another, Civil Application No. Nai 236 of 2009.
20.In regards to the doctrine of lis pendens, the Applicant submitted that both Respondents knew about the pending litigation but still went ahead to transfer the suit land to the interested party. Reliance was placed on Naftali Ruthi Kinyua vs Patrick Thuita Gichure & Another [2015] eKLR & Mawji vs US International University & Another [1976] KLR 185
21. Respondents' and Interested Party's Submissions
22.The Respondents submitted that this court lacks jurisdiction to address the Applicant's prayer for cancellation of a title deed. Reliance was placed on Section 4 of the Environment and Land Court, 2011 and In Re Estate of Sabianus Ramba Odero
23.Moreover, they asserted that if the court had jurisdiction to deal with prayer no. 3, the orders sought therein are substantial in nature and cannot be granted in interlocutory application.
24.It was contended that the Respondents acted within the law when they proceeded to execute order no. 2 of the ruling delivered on 3/2/2022 by transferring the land in issue to the 2nd appellant. That there were no orders barring them from transferring the land between 4th March 2022 and 15th March 2022 within which period the transfer documents were presented at the land registry in Rumuruti for registration and a title deed was issued on 15/3/2022.
25.It was argued that the application for stay was only served upon counsel on 14/3/2022 at 2.03 pm by which time the Respondents had already presented transfer forms duly executed by the court's executive officer for registration. Stay orders were issued on 15/3/2022 after the title deed had already been issued to the 2nd appellant and the appellants should not be blamed for the Applicant's indolence in the matter.
26.The Respondents asserted that the Applicant has not satisfied the conditions set out under Section 26 of the Land Registration Act for cancellation of title deeds.
27.It was contended that prayer no. 4 is overtaken by events as the default clause in order no. 2 has already taken effect and the same is irreversible and that other avenues remain open to the Applicant if he feels aggrieved and interfering with the orders of 3/3/2022 shall cause great injustice to the appellants/Respondents.
28. Analysis and Determination**
29.First and foremost, I must address the issue of jurisdiction as raised by the Respondents who submitted that this court lacks jurisdiction to address the Applicant's prayer for cancellation of a title deed. The Applicant sought that the transfer of the title no. Laikipia/Mutitu Ngoru Block 4/233 (Manguo) in favour of James Wambugu Mwangi (interested party) be cancelled and the same be reverted into the Applicant's name. This would happen where fraudulent or illegal process arises in the matter herein and cancellation comes as a consequence of nullification of the process or act thereof. Otherwise not where the proper process like in the instant case is impeccable.
30.In the Owners of Motor Vessel 'Lilian S'…Vs…Caltex Oil (Kenya) LTD (1989) 1 KLR, the Court held that :-"Jurisdiction is everything. Without it, a court has no power to make one more step. Where a court has no Jurisdiction, there would be no basis for a continuation of proceedings pending other evidence. A court of law downs its tools in respect of the matter before it at the moment it holds the opinion that it is without Jurisdiction."
31.It is the Respondents' submission that this matter should be heard by the ELC Court which is a created under Article 162 of the Constitution which provides;The superior courts are the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court and the courts referred to in clause (2);Parliament shall establish courts with the status of the High Court to hear and determine disputes relating to; Employment and labour relations; and The environment and the use and occupation of, and title to land.Parliament shall determine the jurisdiction and functions of the courts contemplated in clause (2); The subordinate courts are the courts established under Article 169, or by Parliament in accordance with the Article.
32.To give effect to Article 162 (2) (b) of the Constitution, Parliament enacted the Environment and Land Court Act. It is trite law that jurisdiction is either donated by the Constitution or statute. Section 13 of the Environment and Land Court Act, 2011 provides as follows: -"(1)The Court shall have original and appellate jurisdiction to hear and determine all disputes in accordance with Article 162 (2) (b) of the Constitution and with the provisions of this Act or any other law applicable in Kenya relating to environment and land.(2)In exercise of its jurisdiction under Article 162 (2) (b) of the Constitution, the Court shall have power to hear and determine disputes: -a.Relating to environment planning and protection climate issues, land use planning, title tenure, boundaries, rates, rents, valuations, mining, minerals and other natural resources;b.relating to compulsory acquisition of land;c.relating to land administration and management;d.relating to public, private and community land and contracts, choses in action or other instruments granting any enforceable interest in land; ande.any other dispute relating to environment and land.(3)Nothing in this Act shall preclude the Court from hearing and determining applications for redress of a denial, violation or infringement of, or threat to, rights or fundamental freedom relating to a clean and healthy environment under Articles 42, 69 and 70 of the Constitution".
33.Flowing from the statutory provisions and the Constitution, the Environment and Land Court is the only court vested with jurisdiction to hear and determine disputes relating to the environment and the use and occupation of, and title to, land.
34.Consequently, this Court finds and holds that it is not clothed with the requisite jurisdiction in the circumstances of this case to hear and determine the application in regards to prayer no. 3 and it will therefore down its tools with regards to the said prayer.
35.However, with regards to the other prayer in the instant application, the same is well within the jurisdiction of this Court and therefore the Court will proceed to determine the same. The Applicant sought orders be made that the time limited for depositing the sum of Kshs. 1,200,000/- be extended to 8th March 2022 and the Applicant be deemed to have complied with the court's judgement delivered herein on 3rd February 2022.
36.the Applicant explained the delay in that he paid to his advocates the balance of the amount ordered to be deposited into court on 25th February 2022 which was within the thirty days given in the court's judgement. The managing partner of the law firm Gakuhi Chege & Associates Advocates was not available to deposit the said amount into the court's account until 7th March 2022 which was past the deadline of 5th March 2022 given by the court.
37.Although the Applicant advanced the aforementioned explanation, I find that the same has been overtaken by events as indicated by the Respondent, as from the evidence the same was never brought to the attention of counsel for the Respondents until 14th March 2022 in which time they had executed the default clause of the order given by this court on 3rd February 2022.
38.It is my view that a matter overtaken by events cannot be tenable anymore and if it proceeds to success the victory would be pyrrhic. The Applicant is called upon to pursue other remedies available to them under the circumstances.In the circumstances, the court makes orders;i.The application dated 22nd April 2022 is dismissed as it is wanting in merit.ii.Costs to the Respondent.
DATED, SIGNED, AND DELIVERED AT NYAHURURU ON THIS 18TH DAY OF NOVEMBER 2022.………………………………..CHARLES KARIUKIJUDGE
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text:
Vivian Cherry (American, 1920-2019). [Untitled] (Group of Boys and Swastika), 1948. Gelatin silver photograph (vintage), 7 1/2 x 7 1/2 in. (19.1 x 19.1 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Gift of Steven Schmidt, 1997.138.4. © artist or artist's estate (Photo: , 1997.138.4_PS9.jpg)
Vivian Cherry (American, 1920-2019). [Untitled] (Group of Boys and Swastika), 1948. Gelatin silver photograph (vintage), 7 1/2 x 7 1/2 in. (19.1 x 19.1 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Gift of Steven Schmidt, 1997.138.4. © artist or artist's estate (Photo: Brooklyn Museum, 1997.138.4_bw.jpg)
[Untitled] (Group of Boys and Swastika)
Vivian Cherry
ARTIST Vivian Cherry, American, 1920-2019
MEDIUM Gelatin silver photograph (vintage)
DIMENSIONS 7 1/2 x 7 1/2 in. (19.1 x 19.1 cm) (show scale)
SIGNATURE Stamped on verso: "Vivian Cherry"
INSCRIPTIONS Inscribed on photographic backing upper left in pencil: "vintage 1948"; in pencil: "48' Magazine, Photography Magazine"; lower right in pencil "Vivian Cherry, 1948"
COLLECTIONS Photography
ACCESSION NUMBER 1997.138.4
EDITION Edition: Unique vintage print
CREDIT LINE Gift of Steven Schmidt
RIGHTS STATEMENT © Vivian Cherry
The Brooklyn Museum holds a non-exclusive license to reproduce images of this work of art from the rights holder named here. The Museum does not warrant that the use of this work will not infringe on the rights of third parties. It is your responsibility to determine and satisfy copyright or other use restrictions before copying, transmitting, or making other use of protected items beyond that allowed by "fair use," as such term is understood under the United States Copyright Act. For further information about copyright, we recommend resources at the United States Library of Congress, Cornell University, Copyright and Cultural Institutions: Guidelines for U.S. Libraries, Archives, and Museums, and Copyright Watch. For more information about the Museum's rights project, including how rights types are assigned, please see our blog posts on copyright. If you have any information regarding this work and rights to it, please contact copyright@brooklynmuseum.org. If you wish to contact the rights holder for this work, please email copyright@brooklynmuseum.org and we will assist if we can.
CAPTION Vivian Cherry (American, 1920-2019). [Untitled] (Group of Boys and Swastika), 1948. Gelatin silver photograph (vintage), 7 1/2 x 7 1/2 in. (19.1 x 19.1 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Gift of Steven Schmidt, 1997.138.4. © artist or artist's estate (Photo: , 1997.138.4_PS9.jpg)
IMAGE overall, 1997.138.4_PS9.jpg., 2018
20thC
female photographer
Nazi symbol
woman artist


text:
Bulgarian PM Borissov and the Minister of Defense Attended the Celebration of the Plovdiv Garrison
Defense | July 4, 2020, Saturday // 12:48| views
"The special forces are the army we rely on the most. Both regional and global conflicts show that they are the ones doing the most work." This was stated by the Prime Minister Boyko Borissov in Plovdiv, where he took part in the solemn ceremony of handing over the representative flag of the Joint Special Operations Command (JCC). After the official reception by the Prime Minister, a ritual of consecration and presentation of the battle and representative flag and the official opening of the SCSO took place.
"It was not easy, there was a lot of resistance to make another structure like this, because you already need armored vehicles and additional funding," said Prime Minister Borissov. The Prime Minister reminded that his commitments are already being realized. "You all have women, children, parents, train, prepare so that you are always alive, healthy and strong." Prime Minister Boyko Borissov addressed the special forces.
In Plovdiv, Prime Minister Borissov also visited the seminary "St. St. Cyril and Methodius ", whose building was renovated mainly thanks to the BGN 600,000 provided by the government. The old roofs, which were in a very bad condition, were replaced. The heating system was replaced and the flooring in the building was replaced." We can only rejoice that it has become so good, "said Prime Minister Boyko Borissov. The Prime Minister visited the seminary in Plovdiv in August last year, when repair work was underway.
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Tags: Boyko Borissov, Bulgarian PM
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Welcome to your new home. This 90-acre property has everything you could want. Three stock ponds with the largest one over 3 acres! Fully insulated shop with lift and 2nd floor 30x60. Pole and Dairy barns (28x32 and 20x48). Currently, there is a double wide on the property that could be renovated while building or to have a home away from home. Fenced and cross fenced with five paddocks Minutes from 121 and 30 minutes to downtown McKinney. Water meter and electricity in place. Green House is 21x25. Pad site for manufactured with septic. More on the land to much to list.


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Join us for a simple Lenten dinner of Rice and Beans on March 31st at 6pm. We will spend the time together as community, enjoying a simple, meatless meal, as an opportunity to eat while living in solidarity with our brothers and sisters around the world. Following the meal, you are invited to the church to pray the Stations of the Cross at 7pm and/or Taize at 8pm. RSVP for dinner to Patty: trillopatricia@yahoo.com or 408-264-6134.


A $25 donation could purchase a can of paint and a lunch for a volunteer dedicated to rebuilding Corlears Hook Park.
A $50 donation could help provide gardening supplies to volunteers to help weed and clean the park's greenspaces.
A $100 donation could purchase enough paint to restore an old park bench, lamppost, or fence.
A $250 donation could help purchase hydrangeas and hosta plants to brighten up the garden beds throughout Corlear's Hook Park.
A $500 donation could help cover the cost of plants and plant delivery to Corlear's Hook Park.
A $1,250 donation could provide lunches for our dedicated volunteers working at a PIP park day.
A $2,500 donation could purchase a brand new park bench in honor of a loved one at Corlears Hook Park — a dedication plaque will be placed on a park bench in honor of your support to the Park and NYJL PIP. Development will reach out to you for customization of your 120 character message.