text:
CERN-TH/2000-151
hep-th/0005248
Micrometer Gravitinos
and the Cosmological Constant
Christof Schmidhuber***
CERN, Theory Division, 1211 Genève 23
We compute the 4–dimensional cosmological constant in string compactifications in which the Standard Model fields live on a non-supersymmetric brane inside a supersymmetric bulk. The cosmological constant receives contributions only from the vacuum energy of the bulk supergravity fields, but not from the vacuum energy of the brane fields. The latter is absorbed in a warp factor. Supersymmetry breaking on the brane at the TeV scale implies supersymmetry breaking in the bulk at the micrometer scale. This creates a tiny cosmological constant that agrees with experiment within a few orders of magnitude. Our argument predicts superpartners of the graviton with mass of order 10−3eV. They could be observed in short-distance tests of Einstein Gravity.
The observed smallness of the cosmological constant λ in Einstein's equations poses a fine-tuning problem already in classical field theory coupled to gravity. E.g., when the Higgs field rolls down its potential, the energy density of the vacuum and thus the effective value of λ changes by a large amount. Other expected contributions to λ that are suspiciously absent include those from condensates in QCD.
But perhaps the most mysterious aspect of the problem is that λ does not seem to receive contributions from the quantum mechanical ground state energies
ρk = ℏω2 , ω2 = k2+m2
of the oscillators with momentum k of the massless and light fields of the Standard Model. Summing these contributions up to some large-momentum cutoff Λ≫m, one finds in the case of a single–component bosonic field [1] :
λ = 8πG∫Λ0k2dk2π2ρk ∼ Λ42π l2P . (1.1)
Here, G is the Newton constant and lP=√ℏG∼1.7⋅10−35m is the Planck length (setting c=1). Experimentally, it presently seems that [2]
λ ∼ (2⋅10−33eV)2 ∼ (1026m)−2 (1.2)
(setting ℏ=G=1). 1026m is the order of magnitude of the curvature radius of the universe, which is roughly the inverse Hubble constant. But even if one considered only the contributions of the two helicity states of the massless photon to the cosmological constant (1.1), then in order to explain such a small value of λ one would need a momentum–cutoff as small as
Λ ∼ 1100eV ∼ 120μm .
So the minimum wavelength would have to be as large as 20μm. Already the wavelength of visible light is much smaller than 20 μm. In this sense the observed smallness of the Hubble expansion parameter seems inconsistent even with what we can see with our bare eyes.
Supersymmetry could explain a zero cosmological constant, because the vacuum energies of the superpartners cancel each other. Supersymmetry looks so much like the missing piece in the puzzle that it has been questioned whether supersymmetry is really broken [3] . But if it isn't broken, it is of course hard to explain why we do not see superpartners of the Standard Model fields [4] .
The recently revived suggestion that we live on a 4–dimensional brane that is embedded in a higher-dimensional bulk opens up a new perspective and a way out (under an assumption stated in section 2). It will be proposed below that supersymmetry is indeed unbroken up to micrometer scales – but only in the bulk supergravity theory. By a simple argument, supersymmetry breaking in the bulk at micrometer scale is derived from supersymmetry breaking at the TeV scale on the brane, which carries the Standard Model fields.
Due to a mechanism first proposed in [5] and re–invented in [6, 7] , the vacuum energy of the brane fields is shown not to contribute to the 4d cosmological constant. Rather, it is absorbed in the curvature transverse to the brane. Only the vacuum energy of the bulk supergravity fields is argued to contribute to the 4d cosmological constant.
This vacuum energy is estimated. The result is a relation between the Planck mass mPlanck, the scale mBrane−Susy of supersymmetry breaking on the brane, the scale mBulk−Susy of supersymmetry breaking in the bulk sector and the Hubble expansion rate H0: roughly,
logmPlanckmBrane−Susy ∼ 12 ⋅ logmPlanckmBulk−Susy ∼ 14 ⋅ log(mPlanckH0) (1.3)
(a more detailed relation is given in the text). Based on the known values of mPlanck and H0, this relation predicts gravitinos or other superpartners of the supergravity multiplet with masses of order 10−3eV (which is inside experimental bounds [8] ) and a supersymmetry breaking scale on the brane of 2−6 TeV. Conversely, based on the assumption that supersymmetry is restored in the Standard Model at energies not too much above the weak scale, the relation explains the observed small value of the cosmological constant.
The setup is introduced in section 2. In section 3 it is argued that the 4d cosmological constant is zero as long as the bulk supergravity theory is treated classically. In section 4 it is shown that the quantum mechanical ground state energy of the supergravity sector produces a cosmological constant that is within a few orders of magnitude of its observed value. Precise matching yields the predictions for supersymmetry breaking in the Standard Model and in the bulk sector, as explained in section 5. Section 6 contains conclusions.
2. The setup
We consider a 3–brane soliton that is embedded in a (4+n)–dimensional bulk spacetime (figure 1). We assume that the n extra dimensions are compactified on some manifold M. The Standard Model fields are assumed to live only on the brane, while gravity lives in the bulk. Let Vol(M) be the volume of the compactification manifold, and let Vol(B) be the volume of the ball B inside M that intersects with the brane. Since we are going to consider non-supersymmetric branes inside supersymmetric bulks (as, e.g., in [9] ), we will identify the size (i.e. the thickness) of the brane with lBrane−Susy∼m−1Brane−Susy, the scale of supersymmetry breaking in the Standard Model. So roughly, Vol(B) ∼ (lBrane−Susy)n.
Similarly as in [10] , because the Einstein action is integrated over Vol(M) while the Standard Model action is integrated only over Vol(B), the 4–dimensional Planck length lPlanck is related to lBrane−Susy by
(lPlancklBrane−Susy)2 = (mBrane−SusymPlanck)2 ∼ Vol(B)Vol(M) (2.1)
(assuming a (4+n)–dimensional Newton constant of order one).
Figure 1: A 3–brane in a (4+n)–dimensional embedding space.
Let us first consider the supersymmetric version of the story. So we assume that we have a supersymmetric brane inside a supersymmetric compactification manifold. In string theory, this is achieved by considering a compactification on a Calabi-Yau 3–manifold that involves branes parallel to the 4–dimensional space–time, as in [11] . At distances much larger than the size of the compactification manifold, only a four–dimensional supersymmetric effective theory of Standard Model fields plus their superpartners coupled to 4d supergravity is seen.
For concreteness, we may assume a metric in the vicinity of the brane of the form
ds2 = dr2 + f(r) ^gμνdxμdxν + g(r) dΩ25
where r denotes the distance from the brane, xμ are the space-time coordinates parallel to the brane, ^gμν is the 4d metric parallel to the brane, and f(r),g(r) are some functions. Supersymmetry of the effective 4d theory implies that the 4d metric ^gμν is Ricci–flat (we are assuming that there are no 4–form gauge field strengths or expectation values of other supergravity fields), i.e. the effective 4d cosmological constant is zero.
Now suppose that we cut out a region of radius lBrane−Susy around the brane. The basic assumption under which the arguments in the next section apply is that, at the level of classical supergravity, we can consistently do the following: we can replace the supersymmetric brane soliton solution by a stable non–supersymmetric one (perhaps of the type of [12] ), such that the bulk fields smoothly connect to a solution at r≥lBrane−Susy that does not break supersymmetry on the 4d slices parallel to the brane.
In other words, we assume that there are consistent string compactifications that involve space-time filling stable non-BPS branes, such that 4-dimensional supersymmetry is unbroken away from the brane at least in the classical supergravity approximation. The construction of explicit examples must be left for future work.
In the case of one extra dimension, examples of supergravity solutions that smoothly interpolate between a supersymmetric and a non–supersymmetric region are the kink solutions of 5d gauged supergravity discussed in [13, 14] .
Supersymmetry is now broken not only in the bulk theory in the vicinity of the brane. It is also broken in the world–brane theory that contains the Standard Model fields and lives in the non–supersymmetric gravitational background. This will result in a brane vacuum energy of the order of (mBrane−Susy)4.
3. Classical Supergravity Approximation
Let us first explain why the vacuum energy on the brane does not curve the 4d metric ^gμν parallel to the brane (i.e., why it does not create a 4d cosmological constant) as long as the bulk supergravity theory is treated classically (see [5, 6, 7] ). Although the bulk theory is treated classically, the world–brane theory containing the Standard Model fields is assumed to be treated fully quantum mechanically. Corrections from loops of the bulk fields are very interesting and will be discussed in the next section.
The bulk has been separated into two regions: the non–supersymmetric neighborhood of the brane M4×B, where M4 is the Minkowski space parallel to the brane; and the supersymmetric region, i.e. the rest of the bulk M4×(M−B). The classical supergravity equations of motion can be solved separately for each region, and can then be matched at their interface at r=lBrane−Susy.
In the bulk region, the 4d metric ^gμν parallel to the brane must still be Ricci–flat because of supersymmetry on the 4d slices parallel to the brane.
As for the brane region, there may be a singularity or horizon near the center. Let us therefore restrict the discussion to the region ϵ≤r≤lBrane−Susy, where ϵ is a cutoff that hides the singularity or horizon. The issue of boundary conditions at r=ϵ will be commented on below.
In this non–supersymmetric brane region, the brane is a source of vacuum energy ρ of order (mBrane−Susy)4 that arises from the world–brane fields. Let us assume some distribution ρ(r) around r=0 with width of the order lBrane−Susy. ρ(r) enters the Einstein equations like an r–dependent cosmological constant:
Rmn−12gmnR=−^λ(r) gmn
^λ(r) = 8πGρ(r) − λflux(r) .
Here we have included another r–dependent contribution λflux(r) that arises when the brane is a source of electric or magnetic flux.
For simplicity, we focus on the example of a single extra dimension, assume a constant dilaton and neglect the other supergravity fields; the generalization is straightforward. We make the metric ansatz
ds2 = dr2 + e2α(r)^gμνdxμdxν.
In this ansatz, the 4d metric ^g is taken to be r–independent. The 5–dimensional Ricci tensor can be written (cmp. with [7] ):
R(5)μν = ^R(4)μν − ^gμν e2α(r)(¨α+4˙α2)
(a "dot" means ddr). Plugging this into the Einstein equation for the 4-dimensional components (μ,ν) and using the equation for the (r,r) component to eliminate ¨α,
4(¨α+˙α2)=−23^λ,
we obtain:
^R(4)μν = k2 ^gμν where k2 = e2α(12^λ+3˙α2)
is an integration constant that is by definition the 4d cosmological constant (k2,^λ may be negative). So the equations for α have a one–parameter family of solutions, labelled by the constant 4d curvature k2. However, matching at r=lBrane−Susy to the solution in the supersymmetric region requires that we pick the solution that is Ricci–flat in 4d, i.e. k=0. For this solution, the vacuum energy on the brane is completely absorbed by the warp factor
˙α2 = − 16 ^λ(r) ,
and therefore does not curve the 4d metric parallel to the brane. So the vacuum energy does not lead to a 4d cosmological constant. For n extra dimensions, the discussion is similar.
This is the mechanism of Rubakov and Shaposhnikov [5] , recently rediscovered in [6, 7] . We have supplemented it by a matching condition at r=lBrane−Susy that picks out the solution with vanishing 4d cosmological constant without fine–tuning. This is a generalization of the suggestion in [15] of "supersymmetry on the Planck brane" in the context of the Randall-Sundrum model. Higher–order corrections will make the differential equations for α more complicated, and there may be regions in parameter space where no solutions exist [16] ; let us assume that conditions are favorable and solutions exist.
We have not discussed boundary conditions for α at the cutoff r=ϵ, where the supergravity approximation presumably breaks down. However, whatever boundary conditions must be imposed – the assumption that they can be satisfied is part of the assumption that we have already made in the previous section: that there are consistent string compactifications that involve stable non-BPS branes and leave 4-dimensional supersymmetry unbroken away from the brane at the classical level. Again, it remains to construct explicit examples.
4. Supergravity at One Loop
Let us now go beyond the classical supergravity approximation. This is the main new step taken in this paper and it will lead to our numerical results.
As mentioned in the introduction, the ground state energies
ℏω2 with ω2 = k2+m2
of modes of light fields with momentum k should give a quantum mechanical contribution to the cosmological constant. We have already demonstrated that the ground state energy of the Standard Model fields does not contribute to the 4d cosmological constant, so it only remains to compute the vacuum energy produced by the bulk supergravity fields: the gravitino, the dilaton, antisymmetric tensor fields etc.
As long as supersymmetry is unbroken in the bulk, these vacuum energy contributions cancel. Now, breaking supersymmetry in the region of the bulk near the brane also breaks supersymmetry in the effective 4d theory, obtained by integrating over the compactification manifold M. But because of the small overlap of the wave functions of the supergravity fields with the brane, the mass scale mBulk−Susy of supersymmetry breaking in the bulk sector of the 4d effective theory will be suppressed with respect to the scale of supersymmetry breaking on the brane by the same volume factor that we already found in (2.1),
(mBulk−SusymBrane−Susy)2 ∼ Vol(B)Vol(M) ∼ (mBrane−SusymPlanck)2 . (4.1)
One way of seeing this is to consider a scalar field Φ in the supergravity multiplet and assume that it has a large mass of order mBrane−Susy inside the region where supersymmetry is broken: we take its (4+n)–dimensional Lagrangean to be of the form
∂mΦ∂mΦ + θ(rBrane−Susy−r) m2Brane−SusyΦ2.
θ is the step function: θ(x)=0 for x<0 and θ(x)=1 for x≥0. Integrating this Lagrangean over the compactification manifold, the kinetic term acquires a prefactor Vol(M) while the mass term only acquires a prefactor Vol(B). After normalizing Φ to have a standard kinetic term, its mass is
m2Φ ∼ m2Brane−Susy Vol(B)Vol(% M) .
This implies relation (4.1).111The relation mΦ∼m2Brane−SusymPlanck could also have been derived without reference to branes; in this case the suppression factor is simply due to the smallness of Newton's constant.
So the hierarchy between the scales of supersymmetry breaking in the bulk supergravity sector and supersymmetry breaking in the Standard Model that lives on the brane is the same as the hierarchy between the scale of supersymmetry breaking on the brane and the Planck scale.
Already in the introduction we have discussed the relation (1.1) between the momentum cutoff Λ in the sum over vacuum energies and the value of the cosmological constant λ. In the case of N massless bosonic propagating degrees of freedom, the relation changes to
λ ∼ N Λ42π l2P . (4.2)
λ is related to the Hubble expansion rate H0 of the universe by
λ = 3ΩΛ H20 with ΩΛ∼23
being the value suggested by observation [2] . In a first estimate we may identify the cutoff Λ in (4.2) with the scale mBulk−Susy of supersymmetry breaking in the bulk.222The previous version of this paper used this first estimate (i.e. it set |Q|∼1 below) to suggest supersymmetry breaking scales of 4−10 TeV on the brane and 10−3−10−2 eV in the bulk (compare with section 5). Then equation (4.2) implies (converting lPlanck∼m−1Planck):
(mBulk−SusymPlanck)2 ∼6ΩΛπN(H0mBulk−Susy)2 . (4.3)
A more precise calculation involves the various masses of order mBulk−Susy of the supergravity fields. Then k in (1.1) is integrated not only up to mBulk−Susy, but up to kmax∼mBrane−Susy, which is the fundamental scale in our setup. Formula (1.1) generalizes to (see e.g. [17] for a discussion):
λ ∼ l2P2π × ∑i(−1)Fi { k4max − 12m4i lnkmaxmi + ... } , (4.4)
where i counts the propagating degrees of freedom in the supergravity multiplet, mi are their masses of order mBulk−Susy after supersymmetry breaking, and (−1)Fi is +1 for bosonic and −1 for fermionic degrees of freedom. The k4max terms cancel since there is an equal number of bosons and fermions.333A possible term of the form k2max∑i(−1)Fim2i that may appear in a more general calculation should also vanish, since supersymmetry is broken spontaneously by the non-supersymmetric soliton inside the supersymmetric bulk. The conclusion is then that N in (4.3) is replaced by
N =Q ∑i(−1)Fi(mimBulk−Susy)4 (4.5)
Q ≡ −12lnmBrane−SusymBulk−Susy .
Together, with (4.1), (4.3) yields the relation claimed in the introduction (where we have set ΩΛ=23 and roughly approximated (|N|4π)12 by 1):
log(mPlanckmBrane−Susy) = 12log(mPlanckmBulk−Susy) = 14log(√|N|6ΩΛπmPlanckH0) ≡ L . (4.6)
5. The Numbers
Let us now plug in the numbers. We use
mPlanck ∼ 1019 GeV (5.1)
√λ = √3ΩΛH0 ∼ 2⋅10−33 eV (5.2)
What is N? Type IIB supergravity multiplets, e.g., have 128 bosonic and 128 fermionic degrees of freedom. Without going into details, it seems safe to assume that |NQ| in (4.5) is somewhere between 1 and 128. With |Q|∼20, this gives
√|N|2π ∼ 2 to 20
Since there may be other hidden factors of π,12, etc. that were missed by our crude analysis, the actual errors in the relation (4.6) may even be somewhat (but not much) larger. Being optimistic about them, we infer that
L ∼ 15.4 ± 0.2
This yields the predictions
mBrane−Susy ∼ 2 TeV − 6 TeV (5.3)
mBulk−Susy ∼ 12⋅10−3 eV − 12⋅10−2 eV . (5.4)
The example with the intermediate value of L=15.4 is plotted in figure 2.
Figure 2: The relation between hierarchies for the intermediate value L=15.4.
So we expect a mass of order 10−3 eV for the gravitino or at least for some members of the supergravity multiplet. This corresponds to a Compton wavelegth of the order of a fraction of a millimeter. Similarly as in the case of millimeter–size extra dimensions [10] , the presence in the bulk of gravitinos or dilatons in the micrometer range is not ruled out by experiment: while the brane physics (the Standard Model) has been probed down to the weak scale, the bulk physics (gravity) has only been probed down to centimeter scales. The lower experimental bound on the gravitino mass appears to be only 10−5eV [8] . The effects of these new fields might show up in short–distance measurements of gravity in the μm range in the near future [18] .
Remarkably, the predicted scale of supersymmetry breaking in the Standard Model is roughly where it is expected to be, in order to insure that the running coupling constants meet in supersymmetric Grand Unification. This is very nontrivial; a priori it could have come out many orders of magnitude off the mark. Reversing the logic, if we assume a probable scale of supersymmetry breaking between 1 and 100 TeV, then we can predict the value of the cosmological constant within a few orders of magnitude of the value that seems to have been measured!
Let us finally note that our derivation and results apply just as well to the case of a single extra dimension as in the Horava–Witten model [19] or in the Randall–Sundrum model [20] .
It seems that the proposal that we live on a non–supersymmetric brane that is embedded in a supersymmetric higher–dimensional string compactification can explain the observed small value of the cosmological constant, provided that the scale of supersymmetry breaking in the Standard Model is roughly 2–6 TeV. It remains to construct explicit examples of such compactifications and to show that they are consistent.
Our explanation for the small cosmological constant can be tested by searching for signs of a gravitino, a dilaton or other supergravity fields with masses of order 10−3 eV. We can thus look forward to a number of surprises in future tests of Einstein gravity in the micrometer range.
I thank W. Lerche and P. Mayr for discussions. I also thank I. Antoniadis, R. Barbieri, S. Dimopoulos, S. Kachru, G. Veneziano, H. Verlinde and E. Witten for comments on the previous version of this paper. This work is supported in part by a Heisenberg fellowship of the DFG.
Note: After this paper appeared, I was notified by the authors of [21] that they mention on page 5 the possibility of using infinite volume extra dimensions to suppress the breaking of 5d bulk supersymmetry and the 5d bulk cosmological constant. (Note however that we discuss 4d supersymmetry and the 4d cosmological constant on slices parallel to the brane.)
I also became aware of [22] , where non-supersymmetric branes inside a supersymmetric bulk are constructed.
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[3] E. Witten, "Is supersymmetry really broken?," Int. J. Mod. Phys. A10, 1247 (1995)
[4] E. Witten, "The cosmological constant from the viewpoint of string theory," hep-ph/0002297.
[5] V.A. Rubakov, M.E. Shaposhnikov, Extra Space-Time Dimensions: Towards a Solution of the Cosmological Constant Problem, Phys.Lett. B125: 139, 1983.
[6] E. and H. Verlinde, RG Flow, Gravity and the Cosmological Constant, e-Print Archive: hep-th/9912018.
[7] C. Schmidhuber, "AdS(5) and the 4d cosmological constant," hep-th/9912156.
[8] A. Brignole, F. Feruglio, M. L. Mangano and F. Zwirner, "Signals of a superlight gravitino at hadron colliders when the other superparticles are heavy," Nucl. Phys. B526, 136 (1998)
[9] G. Dvali and M. Shifman, "Dynamical compactification as a mechanism of spontaneous supersymmetry breaking," Nucl. Phys. B504, 127 (1997).
[10] N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and G. Dvali, "The hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter," Phys. Lett. B429, 263 (1998); I. Antoniadis, N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and G. Dvali, "New dimensions at a millimeter to a Fermi and superstrings at a TeV," Phys. Lett. B436, 257 (1998).
[11] H. Verlinde, Holography and Compactification, e-Print Archive: hep-th/9906182.
[12] A. Sen, "Non-BPS states and branes in string theory," hep-th/9904207.
[13] L. Girardello, M. Petrini, M. Porrati, A. Zaffaroni, Novel Local CFT and Exact Results on Perturbations of N=4 Super Yang Mills from ADS Dynamics, JHEP 9812 (1998) 022.
[14] D.Z. Freedman, S.S. Gubser, K. Pilch, N.P. Warner, Renormalization Group Flows from Holography: Supersymmetry and a C-Theorem, e-Print Archive: hep-th/9904017.
[15] H. Verlinde, "Supersymmetry at large distance scales", hep-th/0004003.
[16] S. Kachru, M. Schulz and E. Silverstein, "Self-tuning flat domain walls in 5d gravity and string theory," hep-th/0001206; N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos, N. Kaloper and R. Sundrum, "A small cosmological constant from a large extra dimension," Phys. Lett. B480, 193 (2000) [hep-th/0001197].
[17] S. Ferrara, L. Girardello and F. Palumbo, "A General Mass Formula In Broken Supersymmetry," Phys. Rev. D20, 403 (1979).
[18] J. C. Long, H. W. Chan and J. C. Price, "Experimental status of gravitational-strength forces in the sub-centimeter regime," Nucl. Phys. B539, 23 (1999)
[19] P. Horava and E. Witten, "Heterotic and type I string dynamics from eleven dimensions," Nucl. Phys. B460, 506 (1996) [hep-th/9510209].
[20] Lisa Randall, Raman Sundrum, A Large Mass Hierarchy from a Small Extra Dimension, Phys.Rev.Lett. 83: 3370-3373, 1999; An Alternative to Compactification, e-Print Archive: hep-th/9906064.
[21] G. Dvali, G. Gabadadze and M. Porrati, "Metastable gravitons and infinite volume extra dimensions," hep-th/0002190.
[22] I. Antoniadis, E. Dudas and A. Sagnotti, "Brane supersymmetry breaking," Phys. Lett. B464, 38 (1999).


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After a brief tease this morning, CBS have just revealed our first full look at Star Trek: Discovery, giving us our best glimpse at what's to come in the future of Star Trek's past.
Revealed at the network's ongoing Upfronts presentation, the trailer marks the first footage from Discovery beyond the initial ship reveal back at San Diego Comic Con last year. Set before the events of the original series, Discovery follows the crew of the titular Federation starship, helmed by Captain Lorca (Jason Isaacs), from the perspective of its First Officer, Michael Burnham (Sonequa Martin Green).
As well as a better look at the ship, we've got glimpses of the new uniforms worn by a pre-Kirk Starfleet, a better look at the Discovery herself, and even a brief hint at the Klingons and even Spock's father, Sarek. Star Trek: Discovery—which has also been announced as now having 15 episodes in its first season, up from 13, as well as an accompanying aftershow called Talking Trek—is expected to debut on CBS, followed by a digital airing on CBS All Access, this Fall.
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Gov't to launch digital-only OFBank in June, e-invoicing project in Q3
The Department of Finance (DOF) announced on Friday, May 22, that it will launch this year two digital-based programs aimed at improving tax compliance and expanding financial inclusion, especially among Filipino migrant workers.
DOF secretary Carlos Dominguez III said one of these initiatives — the Electronic Receipt and Invoicing, and Electronic Sales Reporting System or E-Invoicing — will be possibly launched by the third quarter of this year to provide better and faster services to taxpayers.
Aside from the e-invoicing system, Dominguez said the Land Bank of the Philippines has also made good on its commitment to him to have the country's first Filipino-owned digital-only, branchless bank up and running by the end of June this year.
"The biggest (digitalization) program we're working on now is e-invoicing. Once we get that e-invoicing program set up, that will mean a big step in e-governance already," said Dominguez during a recent online hearing of the economic stimulus cluster of the Defeat Covid-19 Committee (DCC) of the House of Representatives.
"We have been working on that for the last year or so, and we should come to a conclusion, a good program by the middle of, or maybe the third quarter of this year," he added.
His statement was in response to a recommendation by House deputy speaker Luis Raymund Villafuerte during the online DCC hearing for the government to strengthen and expand its digital-based programs for frontline services.
The Overseas Filipino (OF) Bank, which will primarily benefit the country's migrant workers, will utilize digital technology and smartphone apps to provide banking and other financial services, Dominguez said.
"We set up this OFBank a couple of years ago. We've had problems with the technology but I think with Cecile's leadership, we are almost ready to launch," Dominguez said during the DCC meeting, referring to Landbank president and CEO Cecilia Borromeo.
Borromeo confirmed this during the DCC meeting, and thanked the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) for clearing the way to the remote opening of accounts in the OFBank.
"So we are on our way, Secretary Dominguez, to making OF Bank a fully digital bank by end of June as promised to you," Borromeo said.
Borromeo earlier reported to Dominguez that the BSP already granted last Jan. 30 a "No Objection" Clearance to the OF Bank on its use and implementation of a Digital Onboarding System (DOBS) with artificial intelligence (AI) facilitating an electronic Know-Your-Customer (KYC) process.
A joint initiative of the DOF under Dominguez and the Landbank, the OFBank is the fulfillment of a 2016 presidential campaign promise of then-Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte to overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) to put up their own bank when he becomes president.
In September 2017, Duterte signed Executive Order (EO) No. 44 authorizing Landbank to acquire the Philippine Postal Savings Bank (Postbank) so it could be converted into the OFBank. The OFBank is classified as a savings bank of Landbank.
Borromeo said that overseas Filipinos with Postbank accounts who migrated to OFBank were issued EMV-enabled Visa debit cards they could use for ATM withdrawals, fund transfers, bills payments and online purchases, among others.
Dominguez has envisioned the OFBank to be a digital-only facility to make it easy for overseas Filipinos to access a wide array of financial and investment products.
Through the OFBank, overseas Filipinos would be able to invest in their own country that they have helped transform into one of the fastest-growing economies in the region, Dominguez said, adding the OFBank could be the ideal vehicle for the Philippines to "leapfrog" to the digital economy.
The e-invoicing program, meanwhile, is part of the efforts of the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) to digitalize its tax administration and collection system. The Republic of Korea has extended a grant through the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) to fund the pilot stage of the bureau's e-invoicing system.
Dominguez said the e-invoicing system will complement the Duterte administration's Comprehensive Tax Reform Program (CTRP) to make the tax system simpler, fairer and more efficient. The e-invoicing system will also translate into more convenient, reliable and transparent services for taxpayers, and set the stage for world-class tax administration in the country, he added.
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DICT says auction model will only benefit telco ?duopoly?
Gov't readying plan to slap VAT on Netflix, digital services
PH gov't launches 'digital, branchless' bank for overseas Filipinos


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Small Fitness Gains Provide Big Heart Disease Protection: Study
SATURDAY, Jan. 26, 2019 (HealthDay News) -- Even a slight improvement in your heart/lung fitness could reduce your risk of a heart attack, a new study reveals.
Between 2006 and 2008, researchers assessed the cardiorespiratory (heart/lung) fitness of just over 4,500 men and women in Norway. None had heart disease, high blood pressure or cancer, and most were considered at low risk for heart disease over the next 10 years.
By 2017, however, 147 of the study participants had suffered a heart attack or developed angina, conditions caused by narrowing or blockage of heart arteries.
More investigation showed that the risk of heart attack and angina steadily declined as cardiorespiratory fitness increased.
"We found a strong link between higher fitness levels and a lower risk of heart attack and angina pectoris over the nine years following the measurements that were taken," said Bjarne Nes of the Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG) at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim.
"Even among people who seem to be healthy, the top 25 percent of the most fit individuals actually have only half as high a risk as the least fit 25 percent," he said in a university news release.
The study used a fitness calculator developed at CERG, which measures the body's capacity to transport and use oxygen during exercise. It found that for each increase of 3.5 fitness points, the risk of heart attack and angina decreased by 15 percent.
The findings suggest that even a small improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness can benefit heart health, the researchers said.
The study was recently published in the European Heart Journal.
Study first author Jon Magne Letnes said, "Our results should encourage people to use training as preventive medicine. A few months of regular exercise that gets you out of breath can be an effective strategy for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease." Letnes is a doctoral candidate in the university's department of circulation and medical imaging.
Sanjay Sharma, a leading expert in sports and heart disease, wrote an editorial that accompanied the study.
"There is apparently no upper limit for training when it comes to the beneficial effects for the heart," Sharma wrote. In addition to serving as medical director of the London Marathon, he is a professor of cardiology at St. George's, University of London.
-- Robert Preidt
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The Weight of a Line
ART AND COMICS // YVAN ALAGBÉ, JESSICA CAMPBELL, AND EDIE FAKE
By Coco Picard
An age-old mode of artistic research involves bringing a sketchbook to a museum and sketching a painting or drawing in order to understand its operations. Such efforts can yield different insights at different times. The following graphic review follows a similarly intuitive but careful endeavor, looking at three contemporary comic book artists, Yvan Alagbé, Jessica Campbell, and Edie Fake, who also engage the field of contemporary art. Each artist interrogates their own political concerns from sexual politics to gender identity, racial identity, and forgotten histories, using unique markmaking and material strategies that resonate conceptually with the emotive and political landscapes they engage. As a result they capture something of our moment: a deep frustration for society's habits, a frustration that nevertheless unearths new forms of potential.
In addition to his own accomplishments as a cartoonist, Yvan Alagbé (b. 1971, Paris) spearheads multiple publishing efforts, including a contemporary art review he cofounded, L'oeil carnivore, a magazine, Le Chéval sans tête, and a comics publishing house, Amok. In 2001, Amok partnered with the publishing group Fréon to establish the Franco-Belgian collaboration Frémok, now a major European graphic novels publisher. Alagbé's graphic novel, Yellow Negroes and Other Imaginary Creatures (New York Review of Books, 2018) was recently translated into English. Jessica Campbell (b. 1985, Victoria, Canada) is an artist and humorist based out of Chicago; she is the author of two graphic novels, XTC69 (Koyama Press, 2018) and Hot or Not: 20th Century Male Artists (Koyama Press, 2016), and, working in performance, fiber, painting, and drawing often uses carpet remnants to create stand-alone, figurative artworks. Edie Fake (b. 1980, Chicagoland) is a painter and graphic novelist who envisions and explores the potential of queer spaces—imagined, personal, and historical. He is the author of two books, Gaylord Phoenix (2011 winner of the Ignatz Award, Secret Acres), and Little Stranger (Secret Acres, 2018).
Just as typeset critics must internalize and reflect the work of a given artist or author in their writing, this review aims to explore a parallel effort through drawing and handwritten text—creating a graphic reflection of the artists' work. Bear in mind that each drawing of an artwork or comic panel is a failed copy of the original, a copy that has been translated through the hand of the author.
To read the comic, download the PDF.
April 18, 2019 | Filed under Art Seen: Chicago and tagged with Coco Picard, Comics, Edie Fake, Jessica Campbell, The Weight of a Line, Yvan Alagbé.
Tags: Coco Picard, Comics, Edie Fake, Jessica Campbell, The Weight of a Line, Yvan Alagbé


text:
fritware
scrolls (motifs)
knotwork
underglazing
Islamic Middle East, Room 42, The Jameel Gallery
Middle East Section
Iznik (probably, made)
ca. 1510 (made)
Fritware, underglaze painted in cobalt blue, glazed
Salting Bequest
Islamic Middle East, Room 42, The Jameel Gallery, case 6W
The large hemispherical basins from Iznik are among the finest examples of Islamic pottery. They are admired for their monumental size, accomplished potting and well-planned decoration. This relatively early basin has a lower foot and its colour scheme is restricted to blue-and-white. The outside is decorated with large-scale Chinese clouds and leafy scrolls. The interior is organised around a six-pointed knotwork design.
The small town of Iznik in north-west Anatolia has given its name to some of the most accomplished ceramics produced in the Islamic Middle East. In the mid 15th century, potters there specialised in modest earthenware imitations of Chinese blue-and-white porcelain. But in the 1460s or 1470s, under the patronage of Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror, they began to manufacture bowls, dishes and other pieces of fritware that were elegant in shape and decoration. These wares were often very large.
Footed bowl, fritware with polychrome underglaze painting, copying a metal prototype with the blue and white colour scheme of Chinese porcelain but with entirely Islamic motifs. The outside is decorated with Chinese clouds and leafy scrolls on a large scale; the interior is organised around a six-pointed knotwork design.
Height: 23.3 cm, Diameter: 43.2 cm
The ceramic industry at Iznik was founded under Ottoman imperial patronage, during a Golden Age of the arts under Sultan Mehmed II (1451-81). The impetus for the Ottoman ceramics industry was the taste for imported Chinese blue-and-white porcelains. Several of the decorative features of this bowl – such as the knots and cloud collars on the interior – demonstrate the influence of Chinese design. This is an early piece, made before the introduction of turquoise to the Iznik palette in the 1520s. Its profile is also different from some other footed bowls, suggesting the shape had not yet been standardised.
Blue-and-white basin, Turkey (probably Iznik), ca. 1510.
Lane, Arthur. Later Islamic Pottery. London: Faber and Faber, 1957. 133p., ill. Pages 45, 48, plate 26
pp.102, 135
Tim Stanley (ed.), with Mariam Rosser-Owen and Stephen Vernoit, Palace and Mosque: Islamic Art from the Middle East, London, V&A Publications, 2004
Atasoy, N., and Raby, J. Iznik: The Pottery of Ottoman Turkey, Istanbul/London, 1989, 93, fig. 95.
Labels and date
Jameel Gallery
Blue-and-White Basin
Turkey, probably Iznik
This earlier basin has a lower foot and its colour scheme is restricted to blue-and-white. The outside is decorated with the same Chinese clouds and leafy scrolls as the dish to its right, but drawn on a much larger scale. The interior is organised around a six-pointed knotwork design.
Fritware painted under the glaze
Museum no. C.1981-1910. Bequest of George Salting [Jameel Gallery]
Fritware with polychrome
underglaze painting
TURKEY (made at Iznik);
This large bowl copies a metal prototype-shown by the distinctive 'metallic' mouldings on the foot. The design copies the blue-and-white colour-scheme from Chinese porcelain, but the motifs are entirely Islamic. [Used until 11/2003]
Clouds; Scrolls (motifs); Knotwork
Islam; Ceramics


The 000wbehost server is good and stable. Most importantly it's free. Now, I have to transfter to another free and good web hosting service. Github is a good choice. But github does not support wordpress. I tried to transferr the website to github before, but I am not comfortable to write blogs using Markdown.
It's difficult to find another free service supporting wordpress, and lots of people said the static blogging engine is much better than wordpress. Looks like I will stay here for a while.


Monthly and annual sales figures for the Porsche Boxster in Europe.
From 2016, monthly sales figures of the Porsche Boxster and Cayman are combined and published under the new Porsche 718 name. The figures below reflect sales of the convertible Boxster exclusively.
See how Porsche Boxster sales compare to the other models in the sports car segment. Also find Porsche Boxster US sales figures.
These are no more Boxster sales figures, but 718 sales figures. As you can see Cayman sales figures are virtually non-existent.


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Ahmed Osman
#Djibouti sees #Islamic #finance sector #expanding, aims for Sukuk
Fri, 2016-12-02 12:54 — newsdesk
Djibouti expects to see new entrants in its Islamic finance sector and the government plans to work on a framework to allow the use of Sukuk, or Islamic bonds, to fund infrastructure projects, its central bank governor said.
Djibouti, a country of less than a million people located on the Horn of Africa, is a relative newcomer to Islamic finance, having introduced sector-specific legislation in 2011, but authorities hope it can increase banking penetration in rural areas while also attracting foreign investment.
The government has established a national Sharia board to help oversee the sector, appointing five members to the independent body last week, central bank governor Ahmed Osman said in an interview.
The move could help Islamic finance by improving consumer perception of the industry and providing greater clarity on contracts which follow religious principles such as bans on interest and gambling. The government is in discussions with the Saudi-based Islamic Development Bank to secure a technical mission to help establish a framework to issue sukuk.
http://pakobserver.net/djibouti-sees-islamic-finance-sector-expanding-ai...
#Djibouti sees Islamic finance sector expanding, aims for #sukuk
Wed, 2016-11-02 10:07 — newsdesk
Djibouti plans to work on a framework to allow the use of sukuk to fund infrastructure projects. Djibouti is a relative newcomer to Islamic finance, having introduced sector-specific legislation in 2011. Central bank governor Ahmed Osman said the government has established a national sharia board to help oversee the sector, appointing five members to the independent body. The government is in discussions with the Saudi-based Islamic Development Bank to help establish a framework to issue sukuk for either the government or state-owned enterprises. The central bank is also in discussions with two lenders seeking to open Islamic windows. Currently three of Djibouti's 10 banks are Islamic: Saba Islamic Bank, Salaam African Bank and East Africa Bank.
http://www.zawya.com/mena/en/business/story/Djibouti_sees_Islamic_financ...
Djibouti enlists Islamic finance to boost banking penetration
Tue, 2013-11-12 16:53 — newsdesk
Djibouti is promoting Islamic finance to increase banking penetration in the tiny African nation and help fund upgrades to the country's infrastructure. Since most people are still not customers of banks, Djibouti sees sharia-compliant finance as a way to pull itself out of poverty and to assemble capital for investment. Central bank governor Ahmed Osman said banking penetration had risen from 10 percent of the population six years ago to 17 or 18 percent now, but that conventional banks were not attractive to many people for religious reasons. The spread of Islamic banking will also help authorities move more business activity from the informal economy to the formal sector.
http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/11/07/islamic-finance-djibouti-idINL5...


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White Plains Library Museum Passes
/ Library Museum Passes / By Joselynn Chua
Do you know you can borrow museum passes from White Plains library? These museum passes will give you free or discounted admissions to local museums in Westchester, Connecticut and New York City! Overdue passes are fined at $10/day. Here are the White Plains Library museum passes.
Boscobel House and Gardens (1601 Route 9D, Garrison, NY)- Free admission for 1 adult plus 3 guests
Children's Museum of Manhattan (212 W. 83rd St, New York, NY)- Free admission for 4 guests
Cooper Hewitt Museum (2 E. 91st st., New York, NY)- Free admission for 2 adults and children under 18 years old
The Frick Collection (1 E. 70th st, New York, NY)- Free admission for four
Guggenheim Museum (1071 5th Ave, New York, NY)- Free admission for 4 adults and their children
Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum Complex (Pier 86, W. 46th st, New York, NY)- Free admission for six people per day
Jewish Museum (109 5th Ave at 92nd St, New York, NY)- Free admission for 2
Katonah Museum of Art (134 Jay Street, Katonah, NY)- Free admission for one family
The Museum of Modern Art (11 W. 53rd St, New York, NY)- Free admission for the cardholder and four guests
Museum of the City of New York (1220 5th Ave, New York, NY)- Free admission for 2 adults and 4 children
Neuberger Museum of Art (Purchase College, 735 Anderson Hill Road, Purcahse, NY)- Free admission for 2 adults and 4 children
New York Transit Museum (99 Schermerhorn Street Brooklyn, NY)- Free admission for 2 adults and up to 4 children
New-York Historical Society (170 Central Park West, New York, NY)- Free admission for 2 adults and 4 children
Stamford Museum and Nature Center (39 Scofieldtown Road, Stamford, CT )- Free admission for 2 adults and their children
Stepping Stones Museum Discount Pass (303 West Avenue, Norwalk, CT)- Buy one, get one free
Stone Barns Center (630 Bedford Rd, Pocantico Hills, NY)- Free admission for 2 adults and 4 children (1 vehicle)
Storm King Art Center (1 Museum Road, New Windsor, NY) -Free admission for 2 adults and their children
Where to Get Free and Discounted Ski Lift Tickets
20 Family-Friendly Indoor Activities in the NY Tri-State area
Suburbs 101 is an online lifestyle guide for the New York Suburbs of Westchester County, Long Island, Fairfield County and Northern New Jersey. Get the inside scoop on what it's really like to live in the New York suburbs through our interviews with local suburbanites and features on Food, Fashion, Home, Travel, and Local Events. Be sure to Follow Us on Instagram, Like Us on Facebook and subscribe to our Monthly Newsletter.


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Minimize storm damage during hurricane season
We are approaching the peak season for tropical storms and hurricanes. When looking at long-term averages of hurricanes and tropical storms in the Atlantic Basin, there is a broad maximum from late August through September with a pronounced peak occurring around Sept. 10.
In northeastern Louisiana these events can be damaging to landscapes and structures, primarily from strong winds and heavy rainfall. It may be difficult to entirely protect your home and yard from the strong winds of a storm, but there are certainly steps you can take to help minimize the damage
Safeguarding your garden and structures from strong storms means taking both long-term and last-minute preparations. Much of the damage to homes is caused by trees that either break apart or are uprooted.
Tree species vary in their ability to withstand strong storm winds. Wind resistance generally depends on the interaction of five factors: strength of wood, shape and size of crown, extent and depth of root system, previous moisture conditions and shape of trunk. Most of these factors can be controlled by tree selection at planting time. Selecting the right plant for the site is always important in gardening.
In northeastern Louisiana the tree species with the best wind breakage resistance are live oak, bald cypress, sweet gum, dogwood, magnolia and southern red oak. Trees which are easily damaged by high winds are pecan, red maple, hickory, pine, sycamore and water oak.
Uprooting is another common cause of damage during these storms. Trees with the best resistance against uprooting include; live oak, bald cypress, red cedar, sycamore and southern red oak. Trees likely to be uprooted include pecan, hickory, dogwood, red maple, water oak and pine.
Note that all trees are susceptible to uprooting if the root system is limited or in poor condition. Older, larger established urban trees with limited root zone area and dense canopies are highly susceptible to uprooting or wind-throw during times of saturated soil conditions and strong winds.
Longterm storm preparations are the most successful to protect trees and property from storm damage. The best recommendation is do not wait for a major storm to become a threat before checking large shade trees to determine any hazardous condition.
In particular, look for any large branches that hang over a structure or dead branches in the trees. These should be removed, especially if they pose a threat to structures or personal safety. Co-dominate branches or leaders can also pose a problem. These branches usually have an area of included bark which is subject to split and crack. Co-dominate branching should be corrected early in a tree's life by removing one side off, leaving one dominate stem.
Correct pruning during the tree's lifetime can be a great deterrent to wind damage. The most wind-resistant form for a tree is one with a central leader and a well-spaced framework of branches around and up and down the trunk.
Most trees can be grown in this form when they are young, but the growth habit of some species will change to a multi-trunked spreading form as they mature. There should be no narrow forks or branches leaving the trunk at an acute angle, since these branches are likely to split under stress.
Crotches from 45 to 90 degrees are less likely to split than narrow V-crotches of less than 40 degrees.
Look at the overall condition of the trees in your landscape. Keeping trees as healthy as possible will eliminate many problems like low vigor, insect and disease damage and decay. Healthy vigorous trees adjust more quickly to change in the environment, are more wind firm and react more effectively to damage.
In addition to these long-term hurricane preparations, there are a few last-minute things you can do around your home and garden to protect them from these storms. When a tropical storm or hurricane is approaching, it's important to secure loose objects in your landscape. Look around your grounds for container plants, hanging baskets, tools, lawn furniture (including porch swings), toys, bicycles, bird feeders, wind chimes, barbecue grills, playhouses and doghouses. Secure or move inside structure.
Remember – when gardening, have fun, be creative, be informed and be safe
For answers to your specific gardening questions contact Steven Hotard, Area Agent in Horticulture/Forestry with the LSU AgCenter in Ouachita Parish at 318-323-2251 or by email at shotard@agcenter.lsu.edu.


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Home Celebrities Dancing With the Stars: The Finals! Top 5 Dances – 19×11
Dancing With the Stars: The Finals! Top 5 Dances – 19×11
Renée Camus
Wow, what a dynamic night of tough competition, dance fans! The "Dancing with the Stars" Finals are on fire, with four brilliant freestyle routines and four perfect scores, and the dancers all having a big wacky party!
The stars have two performances tonight: a judges' pick, where they dance one of their earlier routines chosen by one of the judges, and then the always stupendous, always exciting freestyle round. You never know what can happen, and it's usually quite a good show.
Tonight is no exception. As great as all the dancing is, my choice for Top 5 is easy. Though I enjoy the Judges' Picks, I felt all of them lacked a little something from the first performance, either because of problems with sets or music, or the dancers' injuries taking a small toll on them. Plus, they just didn't have the novelty of seeing them for the first time. Add to that how brilliant all four of the freestyle dances are, it's a pretty clear choice for My Top 5.
But that's only four, you say? For my fifth, I decided to give The Pros some recognition. I've talked before about how I generally don't like the dance bumpers the pros do after commercial breaks because they're repetitive and full of overtly sexy flexes and poses. Tonight, happily, they dance a great opening number, and a terrific bumper (before Janel and Val's samba) filled with swing, lindy, and Charleston moves; actual dancing with no poses. Val really stands out in that bumper too, clearly having a great time and just cutting loose. It's quite fun to see.
Bethany and Derek's Revolution Freestyle: Bethany bounces back after her problematic Judge's Pick with this tight, exciting Revolution number. Derek's choreography is dramatic and super cool (perhaps taking a page from Travis Wall), and though Bethany doesn't have quite the same pizazz as the professional dancers, she absolutely holds her own and looks strong and flexible. The lifts are fantastic, the choreography generally great all around.
Sadie and Mark's Mario Brothers Freestyle: How adorable is this? So cute. As with her Judge's Pick salsa, Sadie is just the tiniest bit off the music in a couple of places, but she's having a great time with the material, and Mark's choreography is athletic and fun. I love that exciting, high A-frame. I wonder how or why he chose this theme, but apparently it's something he's wanted to do for a while. It definitely suits them both extremely well.
Janel and Val's Intimate Freestyle: I was concerned that they would fall behind in scores because they didn't have the same glitz, glamour, or kitsch, that the other dancers have, but "less is more" definitely works for them. They really play up the sexy, romantic angle, but the routine is absolutely gorgeous, with incredible choreography, and beautifully executed dancing. I do find the music distracting, with its dramatic cover of the fun 80s anthem 500 miles, but I got past it thanks to the routine's incredible lifts. The unique fish dive out of that complicated lift, and the impressive straight press? Amazing.
Alfonso and Witney's Medley Freestyle: They had me at tap! This routine is classic, old school dancing, with swing, Charleston, Lindy, some hip-hop, and some tap all mixed together. Super-fast non-step tempo, and despite the troupe's presence, the routine is pretty much all Alfonso and Witney. So exciting and very impressive. I'm glad Witney doesn't injure herself (that we know of); Alfonso accidentally steps on her foot and she twists her ankle in an ugly, painful-looking way at the start of the routine, but she keeps going and doesn't look injured at all. Granted, the medley he promises in the package sounds much more involved than what we see, but their choreography is fantastic. The tapping in the routine is very classic stuff (pullbacks, double doubles, and falling off the log), and he's obviously not wearing tap shoes so of course the sound is dubbed, but it's ok. It's still awesome, and works well with the rest of the routine too. Fantastic.
Bethany and Derek's Week 1 Jive: Such a shame the set didn't move and knocked both of them off their game. Bethany needs to consider the song lyrics more and
just shake it off (easier said than done, I know), because the error throws her for most of the dance. Too bad because she's definitely improved tremendously over the weeks.
Sadie and Mark's Week 4 Samba: She's still totally adorable and has a great time with the routine, but she's slightly ahead of the rhythm almost the whole time. In fact, it's probably her excitement and adrenaline that causes her to rush. It's fun to see Barry Fife—I mean Len Goodman, working with the couple.
Janel and Val's Week 6 Samba: I can see what Julianne is saying about their connection, especially given how much they focus on it in the package, because she plays to the audience more than to Val. But she's still a great dancer and you can't tell she's injured. The kiss on the forehead reads odd though, because it breaks the smolder of the moment.
Alfonso and Witney's Week 1 Jive: This was a great routine in week 1 so it's hard to improve, and in fact, I think week 1 was still slightly better because Alfonso had a blast with it. He smiled so brightly during that routine the first time.
It's so sad to eliminate someone tonight, especially after all the exemplary dancing and perfect scores, but someone has to go home. Despite her wonderful back-story and impressive journey, we bid a tearful adieu to Bethany, leaving Sadie, Janel, and Alfonso as your Top 3.
So what do you think, dance fans? Were you surprised to see Bethany go? Which are your favorite routines? Who do you think will take the Mirror Ball trophy tonight?
Alfonso Ribeiro
Barry Fife
Bethany Mota
len goodman
Sadie Robertson
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http://www.geek-adjacent.com/
Renée Camus is a writer, former dancer, and pop culture junkie living in Burbank, California, with her animator husband and two beautiful cats. She has written about dance for Los Angeles magazine and writes about pop and geek culture on her blog at Geek Adjacent. Follow her on Twitter at @camusr6.
Romance or Faux-mance on Dancing with the Stars - Geek Adjacent November 25, 2014 at 11:15 pm
[…] Dynamic Duos competition, and performed a gorgeous, romantic freestyle—with lots of kissing—in last night's finals. Val, like Peta, is one of the pros who is often paired with a young, single woman with whom he […]


,plastic bearings and metal sliding bearings: 1. The plastic bearings are all lubricated and have a long service life; while the metal sliding bearing lubrication layer is only 0.003mm PTFE on the surface, when this thin layer is rubbed. Expiration of the end of service life; 2, plastic bearings will not rust and corrosion, and metal bearings can not be used in chemical liquids; 3, plastic bearings are lighter than metal, which is more suitable for modernization Lightweight design trend; 4,GEC radial spherical plain bearing, plastic bearing manufacturing cost is lower than metal; plastic bearing is injection molding processing is more suitable for mass production; 5, plastic bearing does not have any noise during operation, has a certain vibration absorption function Because plastic bearings have many advantages over metal sliding bearings, the output of plastic bearings is expanding, and the use of DU Oilless Washer,plastic bearings is constantly expanding. From plastic equipment to office equipment and the automotive industry, plastic bearings are used. Cars driving on the road do not use plastic bearings. The market prospect of plastic bearings is infinitely broad!


text:
« Review: Brian McKnight - 'Evolution of a Man' Slow & Steady Seduction | Main | 'Michael Jackson's This Is It' Movie Reactions: What Did Fans Think? »
Sarah Kruzan: 16-Year-Old sentenced to life for killing pimp
Filmed by the National Center for Youth Law, an advocacy group assisting her, Sarah tells in full detail her background, and the path leading up to the prison cell she resides in today.
She grew up in Riverside, California, in the home of a drug-addicted mother who frequently abused her. Nonetheless, this "over-achiever" excelled in school, making the principal's Honor Roll consistently, running track, winning a Young Author's Award for a book on the effects of drugs. It all seemed like the perfect Horatio Alger mythology come true, until she met a 31-year-old man, G.G.
The missing "father figure" vacuum in her life was happily filled by G.G. who would take her and her friends skating and to the mall. "G.G. was there at some times," she says, "and he would talk to me, take me out, and give me all these lavish gifts... and then he would tell me, sex-wise, 'you don't need to give it up for free'." G.G. was a skilled manipulator who knew what he wanted, and just how to get it. When Sarah turned 13, he raped her.
"He uses his manhood to hurt--like break you in," Sarah recounts. The break-you-in allusion is a mere euphemism for prostitution. At that same age, Sarah was put on the streets, working 12-hour shifts (6P.M.-6.A.M.) for G.G. Sarah saw none of the money she worked for. "Everything was his," she reports.
Three years later, fed up and frustrated, Sarah snapped and killed G.G., and was subsequently sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Plus four years.
She recounts the court proceedings: "I remember my lawyer saying that he wanted to ask for me to be sentenced as a Juvenile because Y.A. [California Youth Authority] had found me amenable and susceptible to the treatment; but the judge said that because of my crime--and he said it was well thought-out--that I deserved life without."
"That means I'm gonna die here," she heartbreakingly reflects. And with tears soaking up her eyes, admits all wrongdoing: "I definitely know I deserve punishment: I mean, you don't just take somebody's life and think that it's okay; so, yes, definitely, I deserve punishment." But then she asks, and answers, a question the judge who sentenced her should have pondered more carefully: "How much? I don't know."
Even while the possibility of life beyond bars looks gloomy for Sarah, she's tried to "educate" herself, "reading books," though admits it's hard to "excel in prison."
Perhaps this was what her judge imagined when he condemned her for lack of "moral scruples." But given the opportunity at a parole hearing, Sarah would like to tell the board: "first of all, I've learned what moral scruples are; second, that every day is a challenge ... that I've found the ability to believe in myself, and that I have a lot of good to offer, now--the person who I am today, at 29: I believe that I could set a positive example. I'm very determined to show that no matter what you've done, or where you've come from, or what you've experienced in life, it's up to you to change."
This is California, a state with 150,000 inmates, 70% recidivism, 200% capacity, and $10 billion for its prison industrial complex budget. So, it makes sense that even harmless offenders like Sarah Kruzan, whose action while unlawful seem reasonable, are condemned as irredeemable, thus deserving of an existence devoid of any shot at redemption. CONTINUE READING...
Posted at 05:17 PM in LAW AND JUSTICE | Permalink
Tags: Sarah Kruzan: 16-Year-Old sentenced to life for killing pimp


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Q: Thrust reduce with tuple accumulator I want to use thrust::reduce on a thrust::host_vector of thrust::tuple<double,double>.  Because there is no predefined thrust::plus<thrust::tuple<double,double>> I wrote my own and used the variant of thrust::reduce with four arguments.
Since I'm a good citizen I put my custom version of plus in my own namespace where I left the primary template simply undefined and specialized it for thrust::tuple<T...>.
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>

#include <thrust/host_vector.h>
#include <thrust/reduce.h>
#include <thrust/tuple.h>

namespace thrust_ext {

namespace detail {

// https://stackoverflow.com/a/24481400
template <size_t ...I>
struct index_sequence {};

template <size_t N, size_t ...I>
struct make_index_sequence : public make_index_sequence<N - 1, N - 1, I...> {};

template <size_t ...I>
struct make_index_sequence<0, I...> : public index_sequence<I...> {};

template < typename... T, size_t... I >
__host__ __device__ thrust::tuple<T...> plus(thrust::tuple<T...> const &lhs,
                                             thrust::tuple<T...> const &rhs,
                                             index_sequence<I...>) {
    return {thrust::get<I>(lhs) + thrust::get<I>(rhs) ...};
}

} // namespace detail

template < typename T >
struct plus;

template < typename... T >
struct plus < thrust::tuple<T...> > {
    __host__ __device__ thrust::tuple<T...> operator()(thrust::tuple<T...> const &lhs,
                                                       thrust::tuple<T...> const &rhs) const {
        return detail::plus(lhs,rhs,detail::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>{});
    }
};

} //namespace thrust_ext

int main() {
    thrust::host_vector<thrust::tuple<double,double>> v(10, thrust::make_tuple(1.0,2.0));

    auto r = thrust::reduce(v.begin(), v.end(),
                            thrust::make_tuple(0.0,0.0),
                            thrust_ext::plus<thrust::tuple<double,double>>{});

    std::cout << thrust::get<0>(r) << ' ' << thrust::get<1>(r) << '\n';
}

However, this does not compile.  The error message is horribly long, see this Gist.  The error message indicates that the problem is in some implementation detail of thrust::reduce.  Also, if I substitute thrust::tuple with std::tuple it compiles and runs as expected.
I'm using Thrust 1.8.1 with Clang 6.

A: As you can see in your error message, thrust::tuple<double,double> is actually
thrust::tuple<double, double, thrust::null_type, thrust::null_type, thrust::null_type, thrust::null_type, thrust::null_type, thrust::null_type, thrust::null_type, thrust::null_type>
This is a C++03-style "variadic template" based on default template arguments, which means that sizeof...(T) will count all the null_types and produce the wrong size (always 10).
You'll need to use thrust::tuple_size to retrieve the actual size.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Natura Announces Strategic Investment in Aesop
Business > Marketers > Acquisitions
January 2, 2013 Contact Author
Most Popular in Acquisitions
1P&G to Acquire Billie
2Final Update: Natura &Co. Acquisition of Avon
3[update] Coty Takes Controlling Stake in Kylie Cosmetics
4Helen of Troy to Acquire Hair Care Brand Drybar Products
5[update] Estée Lauder to Acquire Dr. Jart+
6Beiersdorf Goes K-beauty with LYCL Deal
7Unilever, Henkel and Others Plan to Bid for Coty's Beauty Brands
8Analysis: Why Shiseido is Acquiring Drunk Elephant
9Birchbox France Becomes Independent Through Acquisition
10Henkel to Acquire DevaCurl
Brazilian beauty company Natura Cosméticos S.A. and Australia-based beauty company Aesop announced they have entered into a definitive agreement, under which Natura will acquire a 65% stake in Aesop for approximately AUD $68 million in cash, which includes the anticipated acquisition of Aesop's distributors.
Established in Melbourne in 1987, Aesop's mission is to create a range of products for the skin, hair and body, using both plant-based and laboratory-made ingredients of the highest quality and proven efficacy. Today, Aesop operates more than 60 retail locations in 11 countries, and is expected to generate approximately 64 million AUD in pro-forma sales in the fiscal year ending June 2013.
The investment by Natura will support Aesop's current management team as they accelerate the growth of the brand internationally. Aesop will continue to be headed by its current CEO, Michael O'Keeffe, and will remain headquartered in Melbourne. Aesop's founder Dennis Paphitis also will remain involved with the company as an advisor following the close of the transaction, which is expected to occur shortly, pending customary closing conditions. Harbert Australia Private Equity will exit its investment in Aesop as part of this transaction.
Upon closing, Natura and Aesop will continue to operate independently, but both organizations will be committed to sharing competencies and regional expertise that longer-term could lead to Aesop potentially entering the Brazilian market and Natura exploring the concept of signature stores in select markets.
Alessandro Carlucci, CEO of Natura, said, "We have great respect for Aesop and are delighted to be partnering with an such an innovative organization that shares our values, vision and commitment to using the highest-quality botanical ingredients. The investment in Aesop is consistent with our long-term strategy of aligning with world-class brands with strong value propositions, and exposure to markets beyond Latin America."
Carlucci continued, "We look forward to supporting Aesop's talented management team, led by Michael O'Keeffe, who have created a powerful global brand and product offering supported by unique and compelling signature stores and retail environments. We expect to leverage these competencies as we evaluate expansion into additional markets and seek to build a truly global brand. Importantly, Natura and Aesop will operate as independent companies and brands, and Natura remains fully committed to the direct selling channel in Latin America, which continues to gain market share and expand globally."
Aesop CEO O'Keeffe said, "We are excited to partner with Natura, a company with similar brand attributes and a culture dedicated to improving the lives of its people and communities where it operates. In addition to shared corporate philosophies and values, we even feel the Brazilian-Australian fit is just right—both organizations originated from cultures that celebrate the philosophy of a sound mind in a healthy body. This is a perfect fit with tremendous potential."
O'Keeffe concluded, "Aesop has great momentum, and with Natura's support and resources we will be able to accelerate and crystalize our vision. We recently opened our 61st store, located in San Francisco, California. We are enthusiastic to beginning this partnership with Natura, share ideas and knowledge, and further enrich the experiences of our employees and customers."
Gryphon Investors Acquires RoC Skincare
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2/6/2019, Eden Stuart
Green Thumb Industries Acquires Cannabis Brand Beboe


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How to understand and approach policy-making as an outside actor? How to improve policy-making such that decisions rely more on evidence and reason while taking behavioral and institutional realities into account? We are writing a research agenda that provides research and implementation directions on these questions. The research agenda is divided in three sub-sections.
Evidence-based policy-making (EBPM) is an ideal difficult to achieve. Widely cited barriers are many. They include actors' cognitive limitations, lack of time, different definitions of evidence and limited attention spans; the role of framing strategies, focusing events, and policy networks; as well as incompatibility between the supply of and demand for evidence. Most of them directly boil down to political behavior of different types of actors - not solely policymakers. We disassemble EBPM down to the actor level and explore the heterogeneity of the use and misuse of evidence. Through this literature review, we found that actors' types, and other characteristics such as their goals, play an important role. We recommend the proponents of evidence-based policy-making to adopt a pragmatic approach, rely on immersed training strategies, revise their assumption that researchers must also be knowledge brokers, and foster the inclusion of epistemic communities in policy-making.
The topical focus of policy-making depends on agenda-setting processes; meaning the process of problems and solutions entering the policy-making process where they are defined, debated, and then prioritized through the combination of various forces such as power, political interests, funding, shared discourse, external events, and media coverage.
In contrast to agenda-setting, 'priority-setting' has been employed as a method to prioritize problems and solutions more systematically in the sector of health policy. This approach comes close to the prioritization models that are advocated within the Effective Altruism community. They include the Scale-Solvability-Neglect (SSN) and the expected value (EV) frameworks. Generally, they serve as broad heuristics to guide one's decision-making in the allocation of limited resources.
This paper tries to push the envelope by analyzing how these two frameworks would apply to policy-making in general, across contexts, sectors and institutions.


Chronic neck pain can limit your mobility, which can affect your mood and daily activities. While some remedies can work, persistent pain and discomfort may require professional or medical assistance.
Today, many people prefer going to a chiropractic clinic for neck pain therapy.
Apollo Health notes that before treating the problem or doing remedies, it is best to identify the root cause of your condition. This can be due to head or spine injuries, or a possible symptom of a disease. Visit the nearest clinic and undergo laboratory exams.
Typically, the medical staff may require X-rays or MRIs, especially for severe chronic pain. According to experts, they usually locate the cause of the problem on cervical discs, which consist of bones, ligaments, and muscles.
1. Bad Posture – This includes sitting in front of the computer for a long period, holding the phone between the ear and shoulder, or sleeping in a position without proper cervical support.
What to Do: Take a break from time to time and stretch out. Switch to a medium firm mattress. Be sure to maintain the curve in your lower back.
2. Lifting Heavy Objects – This can overstretch and stress your muscles, as well as cause a slipped disc.
What to Do: For muscle strain, you can alternate cold and hot compress daily. Gently stretch your head in the opposite direction.
3. Collision or Fall – Whiplash is a common neck injury that usually happens during a car collision. Usually, symptoms may arise a day after the accident.
What to Do: For a more natural approach, consider a chiropractic treatment. This non-invasive method involves spinal manipulation to realign the nerves and muscles.
These are just some of the things you should know when experiencing chronic neck pain. Get professional help to identify the root cause of the problem and discover the best treatment available.


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text:
John Muir Trust agrees new deal
Stornoway News
Westside News
The John Muir Trust has signed a new five-year Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Urras Oighreachd Ghabhsainn (Galson Estate Trust).
The community landowner manages 56,000 acres of coastline, agricultural land and moorland in North West Lewis, which is home to a population of nearly 2,000 people in 22 crofting townships
The signing is the third MOU agreed between the John Muir Trust and major community land trusts on Lewis and Harris.
In July, an agreement was renewed between the Pitlochry-based land charity and the West Harris Trust, with a further MoU approved with the North Harris Trust in August.
The Galson Estate passed into community ownership on 12 January 2007. The new MoU underscores both parties intent to work together on collaborative projects and signals a renewed focus following previous joint work.
The MOU will allow the John Muir Trust to support the Galson Estate Trust with its land management and conservation work. The community landowner will in turn draw upon its expertise of community-led conservation management to help the environmental charity sharpen up its policy and management practices.
The two organisations have also joined forces to put together a transition programme of events and activities for Primary Seven pupils across two community owned estates next year. The pupils will work towards achieving their John Muir Discovery Awards in the outdoors, while getting to know pupils from other primary schools before they start secondary school together in Stornoway next autumn.
The programme has been made possible with funding from Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) and Galson will work in partnership with Urras Oighreachd Chàrlabhaigh (Carloway Estate Trust) to deliver this project across both their estates.
The John Muir Trust has also secured funding for a new full-time ranger post to work with community land trusts on the Western Isles. Funded by the ALA Green Trust, the ranger will support land management, education and community participation in outdoors activities.
The John Muir Trust's Land Operations Manager, Richard Williams, said: "The John Muir Trust is strongly supportive of community landownership, and we are eager to strengthen our links and partnerships with the communities who live and work in the unique landscapes of the Outer Hebrides.
Renewing this Memorandum of Understanding with the Galson Estate demonstrate our shared desire to work more closely and collaborate in areas of mutual interest – and the provision of a Western Isles Ranger Post is a clear sign of that intent. I look forward to building upon this and on the other positive relationships we have on Lewis and Harris.
Lisa Maclean, Manager of Urras Oighreachd Ghabhsainn said: "We are very pleased to be working with John Muir Trust more closely as the relationship was once very strong and from it we were able to carry out some great work.
"We look forward to the year ahead to get some of the planned activities up and running, and we welcome the ranger post that will be established on the islands."
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text:
Q: Assigning reference to temp object c++ visual I noticed in visual studio for c++ whenever I run code like
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>

int &test() {
    int num = 19;
    return num;
}

int main() {
    auto &num = test();
    std::cout << num << std::endl;
}

Which obviously shouldnt work cause num is a local object in test but some how it compiles on visual studio. Also this code compiles
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main()
{
    std::string str1 = "eyyy";

    std::string str2 = "jgasgs";

    std::string &c = str1 + str2;

    std::cout << c << std::endl;
}

Which shouldnt work cause it assigns a normal reference to a temp object.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main()
{
    std::string str1 = "gs";

    std::string str2 = "a";

    std::string &c = str1 + str2;

    std::cout << &(str1 + str2) << std::endl;
}

In here it shouldnt let me do it because str1 + str2 should make a temp and you can't use address of a temp. When I searched it up showshttps://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/807118/temporary-objects-can-be-bound-to-non-const-references which sais put warning 4 on but even when I do it still works so why does this work and how do I fix it? Also in the first example it doesnt work with strings and throws a exception, the second one only works with strings and the third also only works with strings.

A: If you are using C++ 11 there is a new feature called "Object life extension". And it depends on the context.
http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/lifetime
"Lifetime of a temporary
Whenever a reference is bound to a temporary or to a base subobject of a temporary, the lifetime of the temporary is extended to match the lifetime of the reference, with the following exceptions:
a temporary bound to a return value of a function in a return statement is not extended: it is destroyed immediately at the end of the return expression. Such function always returns a dangling reference.
a temporary bound to a reference member in a constructor initializer list persists only until the constructor exits, not as long as the object exists. (note: such initialization is ill-formed as of DR 1696)
(until C++14)
a temporary bound to a reference parameter in a function call exists until the end of the full expression containing that function call: if the function returns a reference, which outlives the full expression, it becomes a dangling reference.
a temporary bound to a reference in the initializer used in a new-expression exists until the end of the full expression containing that new-expression, not as long as the initialized object. If the initialized object outlives the full expression, its reference member becomes a dangling reference.
In general, the lifetime of a temporary cannot be further extended by "passing it on": a second reference, initialized from the reference to which the temporary was bound, does not affect its lifetime."

A: In C++, "shouldn't work" and "doesn't compile" are distinct things.
In particular, warnings emitted by the compiler are just that; they don't prevent compilation. Compilers usually have an option called "treat warnings as errors" that you should enable whenever possible.
Hopefully, this also catches the fact that you are returning a reference to a local variable, which is another thing that shouldn't work and yet will happily compile (and even appear to run correctly in simple cases).