text:
2014 Golden Globes: '12 Years,' 'Hustle' Win Film Globes
"12 Years a Slave" and "American Hustle" are on top of the Globes, CNN's Nischelle Turner reports.
The two films took home the top prizes at the 2014 Golden Globes Sunday night, winning best motion picture drama ("12 Years") and best comedy or musical motion picture ("Hustle").
The wins thrust the two films into the top positions for the Academy Awards' best picture honor. The Globes are often seen as an Oscar forecaster.
Another film, the space thriller "Gravity," also earned an edge, winning best director for Alfonso Cuaron at the Hollywood Foreign Press Association's annual shindig.
See highlights from the award show above.
Posted by Todd Leopold
Filed under: Entertainment • News • Social • Videos
West Virginia Water Officials Study Test Results After Chemical Spill
Water tests after a chemical spill in West Virginia are encouraging, the governor said, but it's unclear when people might be able to use their taps again.
About 300,000 residents in nine counties in the southwest section of the state can't use tap water.
"Our team has been diligent in testing samples from throughout the affected area. The numbers look good and, like last night, they are very encouraging. I believe that we're at a point where we can say that we see light at the end of the tunnel," West Virginia Gov. Earl Ray Tomblin told reporters Sunday.
Jeff McIntyre, president of West Virginia American Water - a company affected by the spill - said that officials will begin lifting the water bans by zone. Certain areas will be prioritized, including downtown Charleston, but decisions will also depend on test results.
He declined to put a timeline on when the do-not-use orders will be lifted.
"I don't believe we're several days from starting to lift, but I'm not saying today," McIntyre said.
Officials have warned water customers to watch for symptoms of exposure to the chemical, which is used to clean coal, such as skin irritation, nausea, vomiting or wheezing.
Karen Bowling, secretary of the state's Department of Health and Human Resources, said Sunday that more than 1,000 people had called the West Virginia Poison Center, concerned about their exposure to contaminated water. There have also been more than 60 animal exposures reported.
A total of 10 people have been admitted to three hospitals, none in serious or critical condition, and 169 patients have been treated and released from emergency rooms, Bowling said.
Water restrictions were imposed Thursday after it was discovered that about 7,500 gallons of a chemical used to clean coal - 4-methylcyclohexane methanol - had leaked out of a storage tank a mile upriver from the West Virginia American Water plant.
Residents were told to use bottled water to wash hands, brush teeth or take showers.
The federal Department of Homeland Security sent 16 tractor-trailer loads of bottled water to help and the water company also provided truckloads.
The medical impact was hard to assess.
"We've had a lot of worried-well calls," Dr. Rahul Gupta of the Kanawha-Charleston Health Department said over the weekend. He cited complaints of irritation of the skin, throat, chest and stomach that some residents have linked to possible exposure.
The unknowns made residents anxious.
"They don't even know what the health risks are," Stacy Kirk of Culloden told CNN affiliate WSAZ. "We had bathed, cooked and everything right before the news came on yesterday."
"I don't know anything about the chemical to say too much good or bad about it, so we're all up in the air," said Arthur Taylor. "We're common folks - we're not chemists."
Posted by Ralph Ellis, Tom Watkins
Filed under: News • Videos
CNN Exclusive: Feds Investigating Christie's Use of Sandy Relief Funds
Just days after dismissing two top advisers for their roles in the George Washington Bridge scandal, New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie is facing questions over the use of Superstorm Sandy relief funds.
CNN has learned that federal officials are investigating whether Christie improperly used those relief funds to produce tourism ads that starred him and his family.
The news couldn't come at a worse time for the scandal-plagued Republican, who is facing two probes into whether his staff tied up traffic near the country's busiest bridge to punish a Democratic mayor who refused to endorse his successful re-election bid.
If the Sandy inquiry finds any wrongdoing, it could prove even more damaging to Christie's national ambitions. His performance during and after the superstorm has been widely praised and is a fundamental part of his straight-shooting political brand.
In the new probe, federal auditors will examine New Jersey's use of $25 million in Sandy relief funds for a marketing campaign to promote tourism at the Jersey Shore after Sandy decimated the state's coastline in late 2012, New Jersey Democratic Rep. Frank Pallone told CNN
In an August letter, Pallone asked the Department of Housing and Urban Development inspector general to look into how Christie chose to spend the marketing money approved by the department.
Neither the governor's office nor the inspector general's office has replied to CNN's request for comment on the investigation.
Pallone wrote that he was concerned about the bidding process for the firm awarded the marketing plan; the winning firm is charging the state about $2 million more than the next lowest bidder. The winning $4.7 million bid featured Christie and his family in the advertisements while the losing $2.5 million proposal did not feature the Christies.
On Sunday, Pallone told CNN that the inspector general conducted a preliminary review of the spending and concluded that there was enough evidence to launch a full-scale investigation into the state's use of federal funds. The audit will take several months, and the findings will be issued in an official report, he said.
Pallone, a 27-year veteran of the House and vocal Christie critic, said this is not about politics.
"This was money that could have directly been used for Sandy recovery. And, as you know, many of my constituents still haven't gotten the money that is owed them to rebuild their homes or raise their homes or to help," he told CNN.
Democrats slammed Christie over the summer for starring in taxpayer-funded ads as he was running for re-election in November, arguing it gave him an unfair advantage. Christie aides said at the time that the winning bid provided more value.
Last week, Christie dismissed two top aides for their involvement in closing down access lanes to the George Washington Bridge last year, a move that tied up traffic for four days. A New Jersey State Assembly committee is investigating whether the aides ordered the lane closures as political retribution, and the U.S. Attorney in New Jersey has opened a probe into the matter.
For his part, Christie has said he didn't know about the scheme and was "embarrassed and humiliated" by it. Democrats, both in New Jersey and nationally, have jumped on the scandal, saying it finally gives the nation an opportunity to see what they've known for years, that Christie is a bully who governs by fear.
But as bad as the bridge scandal is for Christie, if investigators find he improperly spent Sandy funds, it could get far worse, tarnishing the signature achievement that has made him a serious contender for the White House.
Here the is on-the-record response from Gov. Christie:
"The Stronger Than The Storm campaign was just one part of the first action plan approved by the Obama Administration and developed with the goal of effectively communicating that the Jersey Shore was open for business during the first summer after Sandy. Federal agency reviews are routine and standard operating procedure with all federally allocated resources to ensure that funds are distributed fairly. We're confident that any review will show that the ads were a key part in helping New Jersey get back on its feet after being struck by the worst storm in state history."
Posted by Chris Frates
"Morning Minute" with John Berman– January 13, 2014
Need to get today's top stories on-the-go? Watch John Berman's morning minute now!
Posted by Jessica Moskowitz
Filed under: Morning Minute • News • Videos


It takes more than an Allen key and a caffeine drip to open 50 shipping containers of some 3,000 flatpacked parts and assemble them into a 350-tonne lung that filters air for Australia.
At one of the country's biggest copper mines, the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) that cleans dust particles from the gases emitted during copper processing had reached the end of its useful life. "After 15 years or so of operation, these systems basically wear out and it becomes smarter to replace the whole thing rather than to keep repairing the old one," says Jason Price, customer service leader for GE Power in Australia and New Zealand.
GE won the contract to replace a competitor's product with a more energy-efficient and responsive system that would fit within the exact footprint of the old ESP, a 15m x 8m x15m-high structure raised 6-8 metres off the ground on support columns.
A 1,350-tonne crane manoeuvres the 350-tonne GE electrostatic precipitator into position. The new clean-air plant will begin operation when the smelting furnace resumes processing at the end of November.
More than 4,500 GE SIR controllers optimise operation of ESPs worldwide, ensuring the lowest possible particulate emissions from industrial processes such as the manufacture of cement, pulp, paper, chemicals, glass and steel; and the operation of coal-fired power plants and ore processing.
At this Australian copper mine, emissions laden with particulates from the smelting furnace are ducted into the first of three electrically charged fields within the ESP. The electrical charge forces dirty dust to collect on vertically hanging metal plates where it builds up to form a thick, cakey surface. Every 10 to 15 minutes a hammer hits each plate causing the gathered dust cake to slide off and into a hopper. The first field of plates removes about 70% of particulate matter; the second, around 15-20%; and the third collects the remainder up to a total of about 96% of particulate removed. The air is then classified by Australia's Environmental Protection Authority as safe for release into the atmosphere.
The ESP is crucial to a mine's license to operate. GE's contract was for design and supply of the ESP and to support subcontractors to assemble and position it. With downtime on mine sites adding up to potentially millions of dollars in lost production per day, replacement of the precipitator was tightly planned by GE.
GE's system designers in India, led by Raja Dey, liaised with the thermal-dynamics team in Switzerland, and co-ordinated with manufacturers in China to make the many components. Putting it all together required the guidance of six technical field advisors led by Wayne Basee, and with Price as project manager. The mammoth team effort will ultimately have taken 18 months from conception to commission, with unavoidable downtime of the ESP contained to less than seven weeks. The new ESP is now in place and on track to take its first working breath at the end of November.
Construction of the ESP from its shipped-in, flat-packed pieces began in May this year, 200 metres from the site of the old, still operating, plant. A workforce including engineers, scaffolders and riggers, boilermakers and welders, insulators and cladders, and electrical experts safely swarmed the build, which took about six months to complete.
In late October, a not-quite-flat-packed 1,350-tonne crane arrived at the mine on 20 semi-trailers. Once assembled, the pin-jib rig was ready to remove the old, now disconnected ESP system, and hoist in the new.
"The lifts require major safety planning," cautions Bassee, "co-ordinating with the customer to ensure that no-one is in the area, that all outcomes have been considered and have a planned contingency, and that we don't get caught in a wind gust at a critical point." Two flat self-drive trailers moved the new, 350-tonne ESP, which had been built on a low subframe to accommodate their manoeuvrings, into place for the crane to lift and slowly turn it into position on the raised steel rim — a monumental moment!
With the superstructure secured, it no longer mattered which way or how hard the wind blew. And when the mine returns to full operation, with its new ESP in place, it won't matter whether you're upwind or downwind of the processing plant — the breeze will be clear.


Hajiya Sa'adatu Modibbo Kawu yesterday, 5th February 2019 paid a courtesy visit to the women wing forum of the All Progressives Congress (APC) known as Women Central Forum in ilorin.
Hajiya Sa'adatu in her speech at the weekly meeting of the forum expressed her happiness over the coordination of the group and charged them to intensify their mobilization efforts for APC ahead forthcoming general elections.
She said: "I am highly impress with the way I met this forum. Although I was been briefed about this forum but when I came into this gathering I was surprised with the crowd and caliber of people I am seeing".
She also encouraged the women group to be a good Ambassadors in the society, so that their attitudes in the society will encourage more women to join politics.
The coordinator of the forum Alhaja Abdulkadir Okunlola while responding appreciated Hajiya Sa'adatu Modibbo Kawu for her support to the party (APC), also for the good things she's known for.
Alhaja Okunlola on behalf of the group seeks for more support from Hajiya Modibbo Kawu during the electioneering campaigns.
She therefore assured that the Women Central Forum will ensure they deliver their polling units to APC during the polls since their forum is structured across Kwara State.


text:
Skipping Pluripotency
Researchers are developing ways to convert mature somatic cells from one cell type to another, avoiding the tumor-causing pluripotent stage associated with stem cells.
Human dermal fibroblasts stained for cytochrome C (green), actin (red), and DNA (blue).FLICKR, GE HEALTHCARE
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in 2006 opened the door to promising research and therapeutic techniques, such as the generation of disease models and the potential to replace cells damaged by neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's. Derived from fetal or adult cells, iPSC strategies avoided the ethical issues surrounding embryonic stem cells. But they retained one critical drawback—the propensity for tumor formation. In the last 18 months, however, researchers have discovered a new reprogramming technique that could avoid that problem altogether: the direct conversion of one differentiated cell type to another.
"Skipping pluripotency provides you the opportunity to avoid any possible tumorigenic source of cells," says molecular biologist Vania Broccoli of the Stem Cells and Neurogenesis Unit at the San Raffaele Scientific Institute in Italy. "We believe that we are providing now...
In January 2010, researchers at Stanford University announced that they had found a cell reprogramming shortcut that allowed them to convert mouse fibroblasts directly into functional neurons, without going through an intermediate pluripotent stage, using a combination of three transcription factors. Though this was not the first study to convert one mature cell type to another, it was by far the most dramatic switch. "This really was the first demonstration that such a long distance conversion can work at all," says Stanford stem cell biologist Marius Wernig, who led the study.
Next researchers will have to show that these neurons can survive and function in the brain, says stem cell biologist Malin Parmar of Lund University in Sweden, whose group also recently directly converted fibroblasts to dopaminergic neurons. "In culture we've come as far as we can," she notes. "The next step is to challenge these cells in in vivo models." But so far, the results have been promising, and bypassing the pluripotent stage seems to eliminate the most common downside of stem cell therapies—the cells' tendency to produce tumors. "Unlike the iPS cell reprogramming, we are never dealing with oncogenes, and we don't deal with fast proliferating cells," Wernig says.
In addition, this direct conversion approach is just plain simpler than iPSC techniques. "When you go the iPS route, you have two steps," says Wernig. "First you have to make the iPS cells, but then you have to differentiate those cells into neurons—and that, it turns out, is not so trivial." The whole process can be slow, taking many months to complete, and is relatively inefficient, with only a small percentage of cells successfully regressing to pluripotency. Those cells are then expanded in culture, and differentiated into the cell type of interest. Not only is the approach tedious, but it generates differentiated cells from only a handful of clonal pluripotent colonies, which eliminates the genetic variation found in the initial cell population, says molecular biologist Asa Abeliovich of Columbia University.
With direct conversion, on the other hand, it's simply a matter of finding the right transcription factors. "The concept of just taking a skin biopsy, and in a few weeks having cells that you can potentially put in, and in a relatively robust and straightforward way, that's much more realistic to me," Abeliovich says.
Since early last year, at least half a dozen reports of such direct conversion have been published, and researchers are touting the new strategy as a safer, more efficient, and possibly more accurate alternative to iPSC technology. Multiple groups have shown that the technique can work for human cells, opening the doors for potential clinical applications. And at least two groups, including Broccoli's, have demonstrated the ability to generate a specific neuron type—the dopaminergic neuron, which is lost from the brains of Parkinson's patients. In both mouse and human cell cultures, researchers have shown that "these neurons really recapitulate all the functions that dopaminergic neurons directly taken from the brain have," Broccoli says.
Mouse fibroblasts stained for lamin (green), tubulin (red), and DNA (blue).
FLICKR, GE HEALTHCARE
Furthermore, recent reports of fibroblasts directly converted to neurons with up to 50 percent efficiency suggest that direct conversion can be used to create disease models. Last month, for example, Abeliovich and his colleagues published a report detailing the successful generation of neurons from both healthy individuals and patients with a rare form of familial Alzheimer's disease. Cells from unaffected individuals appeared normal and fully functional, even successfully integrating into mouse brains. But cells from Alzheimer's patients exhibited abnormal processing, localization of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and increased production of amyloid beta, which forms the amyloid plaques characteristic of Alzheimer's brains.
Having been focused on iPSC technology for the last few years, Abeliovich is excited to be perusing this new direction. "We had been really eager to set up disease models using iPS systems, but that turns out to be complicated, especially for a late onset disease," he says. "Once we got [direct conversion] to work, we were much more optimistic that we could model a disease like Alzheimer's."
But direct conversion is not without weaknesses. For example, because researchers are only dealing with mature cells, which have limited expansion capabilities, it can be difficult to harvest or produce the large numbers of cells needed for research or therapy. "Fibroblasts go to senescence after 10 or 12 passages," Broccoli says. "Then you have to get another biopsy." With iPS cell technology, one the other hand, researchers can expand the pluripotent cells in culture until they have as many as they need.
As a work around, Sheng Ding of the Gladstone Institutes and the University of California, San Francisco, and his colleagues are taking a slightly different approach. Ding's team is inserting the four classic Yamanaka factors known to induce pluripotency, but only incubating the transfected fibroblasts for a brief period, inducing them to regress part way to iPSCs before culturing them in conditions that favor the formation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). While this approach allows researchers to expand their cell populations in vitro, the technique's efficiency is quite low, and some researchers are concerned that even partial regression towards pluripotency may trigger tumorigenic tendencies in the cells.
And most researchers are not worried about the numbers. Clinical trials of fetal neural transplants in Parkinson's patients, for example, have demonstrated that only 100,000 functional dopaminergic neurons are needed for each hemisphere to get a therapeutic benefit, says stem cell biologist Malin Parmar of Lund University in Sweden, who has produced at least 70 to 142 million fibroblasts from one lung biopsy (Pfisterer et al, Cell Cycle, in press). "As you see, this is enough for cell therapy even with today's efficiency," Parmar says. "I don't think it's a major limitation."
A more serious hurdle might be finding alternatives to the current lentivrial vectors used to deliver the transcription factors necessary for reprogramming in most direct conversion studies. Because this delivery strategy involves the integration of DNA into the host genome, it holds the potential to activate an oncogene, and thus "can never be used in the clinic," Parmar says. But, she adds, one thing the iPSC research has taught us is that there are other ways to deliver the factors needed to reprogram cells. "If you follow the iPS field, they've progressed from lentivirals to non-integrated vectors to excisable plasmids, and now they're at the ultimate goal, which is to use small molecules," Parmar says. "I think that direct conversion has a lot to learn from how the iPS cells developed."
While most studies to date have focused on making neurons, there are other scattered reports of the formation of other somatic cell types by direct conversion, including cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Though more work is required to show that these induced cells are truly functional, Wernig says, "it's very comforting to see that things can go in many directions. All in all, these things together really point us to the conclusion that if you just find the right cocktail and conditions, you probably can convert skin cells into any other cell type you want."
Editor's Note: This story has been updated from its original version to reflect both of Sheng Ding's affiliations: the Gladstone Institutes and the University of California, San Francisco.
human embryonic stem cells
pluripotency
reprogramming
Protein Mediates Non-Genetic Inheritance of Growth Strategies
Remembering Those We Lost in 2021
Our Favorite Cell and Molecular Biology Stories of 2021
Mitochondrial Stress Is Passed Between Generations

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Spina Bifida Association Home Page
What is Spina Bifida
About Spina Bifida
For Expectant Parents
Living with SB
Find a Walk-N-Roll
Life With SB
SB-YOU
Beyond Crayons School Packet
Teenage & Transition
Contact the NRC
Find a Virtual Connect Group
NSBPR
SBCCN
Did You Look? Skin Integrity Bundle
Urologic Protocol
Clinical Care Meeting
Guidelines for the Care of People with Spina Bifida
World Congress
Donate by Mail or Phone
Give in Your Workplace
Our Advocacy Priorities
Teal on the Hill
Walk-N-Roll for Spina Bifida
Become a Sponsor/Exhibitor
Become a Community Fundraiser
SBA History
Reports and Financials
Charitable Ratings
Navigation Search Term
NewsMar 1, 2018
International Group of Spina Bifida Experts Shape Future Research and Share Insights for Practical Care
A Special Issue of the Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine is designed to inform and inspire researchers and clinicians caring for patients with this complex condition
Amsterdam, NL, March 1, 2018 – Spina bifida (myelomeningocele), a serious and complex spinal cord birth defect, has an estimated prevalence of slightly over three cases per 10,000 live births. As medical and surgical interventions have improved, the life expectancy of individuals with spina bifida has increased.
However, further research to address the complexities of this multi-system condition more effectively is needed. In order to provide a multidisciplinary forum for research in spina bifida, the Spina Bifida Association (SBA) sponsored the Third World Congress on Spina Bifida Research and Care in 2017. This special issue of the Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine presents significant contributions from that conference.
One of the primary goals of the SBA is to improve the health and quality of life of individuals with spina bifida, who require healthcare from specialists across many disciplines. Once considered a pediatric condition, it is believed that there are now more adults living in the United States with spina bifida than children. Whether for adults or children, research is still essential to understanding spina bifida, finding better methods to treat people, and improving their health outcomes and quality of life.
Guest Editors Timothy Brei, MD, Professor of Developmental Pediatrics at Seattle Children's Hospital, and Amy Houtrow, MD, MPH, PhD, Director of the Spina Bifida Program at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Associate Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, note that "this special collection of insightful research and review articles resulting from the last world congress is the culmination of the work by numerous researchers and clinicians who are dedicated to advancing the care of children and adults with spina bifida.
It further supports the goals set forth in during Spina Bifida Awareness month, 'Care About SB Care.' Sara Struwe, President and CEO of the Spina Bifida Association, adds, "While the World Congress events are crucial to improving care for people with spina bifida, equally significant is making sure that others know about the research related to their care. This why I'm delighted that the Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine: An Interdisciplinary Approach is amplifying the research presented at the Third World Congress on Spina Bifida Research and Care."
The Congress represented the single largest and impressive forum of research related to Spina Bifida and included the breadth of research in the field, from bench to bedside and beyond. Published commentaries cover regenerative medicine, genetics, poverty and how it impacts care available to individuals living with spina bifida worldwide, trauma care for spina bifida patients, and self-management from both practical and theoretical perspectives.
Original research articles covering clinical and health services focus on topics ranging from managing the transition from pediatric to adult care, daily time management in children with spina bifida, bowel and bladder function, and the creation of care networks for patients. These and other articles provide an extensive grounding in the current state of spina bifida research and practical clinical care of spina bifida patients.
For those already devoted to spina bifida care, many are familiar with the work of Dr. Jay Neufeld, who recently passed away. This special issue includes professional and personal tributes to "Dr. J.," who launched and for many years served as Editor-In-Chief of the journal, and was a major force in driving the field of pediatric rehabilitation. His legacy of dedication, action, and advocacy for children with disabilities and their families will live on.
Papers presented at the Third World Congress on Spina Bifida Research and Care, March 2017
Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Volume 10, Issue 3-4
Guest Editors: Timothy Brei, MD, and Amy Houtrow, MD, MPH, PhD
View the issue at https://content.iospress.com/journals/journal-of-pediatric-rehabilitationmedicine/10/3-4
Full text of articles is available to journalists upon request. Contact Diana Murray, IOS Press, at +1
718-640-5678 or d.murray@iospress.com for additional information. Journalists who wish to interview
the authors or should contact Timothy Brei, at Timothy.Brei@seattlechildrens.org, or Amy Houtrow at
houtrow@pitt.edu. To reach the Spina Bifida Association for comment, please contact Sheliah Roy at sroy@sbaa.org
ABOUT THE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC REHABILITATION MEDICINE
The Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine: An Interdisciplinary Approach is an international
journal designed to parallel the multidisciplinary team approach of caring for a child with an acute or
chronic disease. Issues are primarily themed and broad in scope including, but not be limited to
cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, spina bifida, amputation, muscular
dystrophies of all types, stroke, cancer, mental retardation, developmental delays, and others.
www.iospress.nl/journal/journal-of-pediatric-rehabilitation-medicine
ABOUT IOS PRESS
IOS Press is headquartered in Amsterdam with satellite offices in the USA, Germany, India and China
and serves the information needs of scientific and medical communities worldwide. IOS Press now
publishes over 100 international journals and about 75 book titles each year on subjects ranging from
computer sciences and mathematics to medicine and the natural sciences. www.iospress.com
SBA Releases Guidelines on the Care of People with Spina Bifida
Spina Bifida Association's 2018 Walk-N-Rolls raise over $500,000
Sign Up for SBA News
sbaa@sbaa.org
1600 Wilson Blvd, Suite 800
Spina Bifida Association
Health Care Guidelines
©2020 Spina Bifida Association of America. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Search LanguageEN
Results will be shown on another page
Europe in my Region
First Vice-President
Protocol service
The State of Regions and Cities in the European Union
Political priorities 2020–2025
Conference of Presidents
CIVEX (Commission for Citizenship, Governance, Institutional and External affairs)
COTER (Commission for Territorial Cohesion Policy and EU Budget)
ECON (Commission for Economic Policy)
ENVE (Commission for Environment, Climate change and Energy)
NAT (Commission for Natural Resources)
SEDEC (Commission for Social Policy, Education, Employment, Research and Culture)
Interregional groups
Enlargement countries
Eastern Partnership (CORLEAP)
Euro-Mediterranean Regional and Local Assembly (ARLEM)
Future of Europe
Cohesion as an EU value
Young Elected Politicians
EU Councillors
European Entrepreneurial Region (EER)
Mayor Paweł Adamowicz award
CoR Mobile APP
The European Committee of the Regions (CoR) is the voice of regions and cities in the European Union (EU). It represents local and regional authorities across the European Union and advises on new laws that have an impact on regions and cities (70% of all EU legislation).
Vasco Alves Cordeiro was elected President of the European Committee of the Regions in June 2022.
First Vice-President First Vice-President
Apostolos Tzitzikostas was born on September 2, 1978. He studied Government and International Relations at Georgetown University, in Washington DC. After graduating in 2000, he had his first working experience at the Office of the President of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the United States Congress. In 2002 he obtained a Masters Degree on European Public Policy and Economics from the University College of London. Following his studies, he created his own company on the field of production, processing and standardization of dairy products, based on organic standards.
Secretary-General Secretary-General
The Secretary-General of the European Committee of the Regions has overall responsibility for preparing proceedings and implementing decisions taken by the statutory bodies: The Plenary Assembly, the Bureau, the Conference of Presidents and the President himself.
Protocol service Protocol service
Tenders Tenders
Work with us Work with us
JobsAt the CoR, you will have the opportunity to address the future challenges of the EU while thriving in a friendly work environment that respects human diversity and enhances individual creativity.
TraineeshipsThe CoR is a relatively young institution and, as such, recognizes the importance of giving voice to the ideas of newcomers and younger generations. Involving young people in the EU decision-making process is precisely the aim of the CoR traineeship programme.
The European Committee of the Regions (CoR) intervenes at several stages of the EU law-making process. CoR commissions draft opinions on EU legislative proposals and members gather in plenary to vote and adopt those opinions. The CoR also works closely with national, regional and local authorities, making their voices heard and fostering political debate, not only in Brussels, but also in EU regions and cities, outside Europe and online.
The State of Regions and Cities in the European Union The State of Regions and Cities in the European Union
On 11 October 2022, the Committee of the Regions published its EU Annual Report on the State of the Regions and Cities, as a snapshot of the most pressing challenges faced by regions and cities across the Union, that helps to inform EU policy decisions.
Political priorities 2020–2025 Political priorities 2020–2025
Local and regional authorities, represented in the EU by the European Committee of the Regions, have always been the backbone of European democracy. The recent COVID-19 pandemic showed local and regional leaders as the driving force of local communities, responding during the emergency and leading the EU's recovery. Bringing Europe closer to people through its villages, cities and regions will therefore be the primary mission of our Committee achieved through three main priorities.
Plenary sessions Plenary sessions
The Bureau is a group of CoR members that can be thought of as CoR's political driving force: it draws up its political programme and oversees its implementation. The Bureau meets before each plenary session to coordinate the work of the plenary assembly and the commissions. It also gathers two times a year in extraordinary meetings in the EU country holding the Presidency of the Council of the EU.
Conference of Presidents Conference of Presidents
The Conference of Presidents (CoP) consists of the President, the First Vice-President and the Presidents of all political groups. The CoP prepares the work and facilitates the search for political consensus on decisions to be taken by the other constitutive bodies (the Plenary Assembly, the Bureau, and the commissions).The CoP meets ahead of each Bureau meeting, usually on the same day. Extraordinary meetings are also organised in Brussels or abroad, notably twice a year in the EU country holding the Presidency of the Council of the EU.
The European Commission consults the European Committee of the Regions (CoR) at the earliest stage in the European legislative process on policy areas that directly affect the local and regional authorities. The CoR may also proactively adopt a position on a particular issue through an own-initiative opinion.
Commissions Commissions
The legislative work of the European Committee of the Regions is carried by six thematic commissions and cover a broad range of areas which are relevant to local and regional authorities. In the commissions, Members of the CoR produce opinions on UE legislative proposals and initiatives, as well as discuss other issues relevant to the work of Europe's more than one million local politicians.
CIVEX (Commission for Citizenship, Governance, Institutional and External affairs)Commission for Citizenship, Governance, Institutional and External Affairs, CIVEX, constitutional issues, democracy, devolution, subsidiarity, justice, future of Europe, migration, integration, fundamental rights, enlargement, neighbourhood, development cooperation.
COTER (Commission for Territorial Cohesion Policy and EU Budget)In addition to cohesion policy, the COTER commission closely follows the Multiannual Financial Framework and EU Budget, as well as transport policy, territorial development, cross-border cooperation, spatial planning and urban matters.
ECON (Commission for Economic Policy)The Commission for Economic Policy (ECON) coordinates ECON members' input on issues related to economic and industrial policy, such as competition and State Aid policy, public procurement, SME policy and entrepreneurship, economic governance and the European Semester, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), the internal market and the digital single market. Its activities also encompass economic and monetary policy, taxation policy, international trade and tariffs (including WTO issues) and local/regional finances.
ENVE (Commission for Environment, Climate change and Energy)The Commission for the Environment, Climate Change and Energy (ENVE) is responsible for coordinating the Committee of the Regions' work in fields related to the European Green Deal, which include the environment biodiversity, circular economy and zero pollution, climate change, energy and space policies. The commission is also responsible for the Green Deal Local Working Group and other networks and platforms such as the Covenant of Mayors National Ambassadors, CoR Climate Pact Ambassadors and the Zero Pollution Stakeholder Platform. At global level, the commission plays a leading role in CoR involvement at UN conferences for climate change and biodiversity.
NAT (Commission for Natural Resources)The NAT commission brings together over 100 mayors, councillors and regional presidents and covers a wide range of topics related to rural development, health, agriculture, forestry, fishery, civil protection, consumer protection and tourism. The Rural Agenda for Europe and the public health are the leading policy themes in the current mandate.
SEDEC (Commission for Social Policy, Education, Employment, Research and Culture)The SEDEC commission is in charge of employment, social policies, education, training (including lifelong learning), sports and culture related dossiers. SEDEC is also responsible for equality, social economy and youth files, as well as research, innovation and artificial intelligence.
Interregional groups Interregional groups
Established as from February 2007, interregional groups are platforms to exchange views and create new ideas between local and regional authorities in the Member States and beyond.
Networks Networks
CoR networks enable regions and cities to contribute to the EU debate and to exchange experiences and best practice in specific EU policies.CoR networks enable regions and cities to contribute to the EU debate and to exchange experiences and best practice in specific EU policies.
International cooperation International cooperation
Enlargement countriesThe CIVEX Commission of the CoR is responsible for the institutional position on EU enlargement policy.
Eastern Partnership (CORLEAP)Set up by the CoR in 2011, the Conference of Regional and Local Authorities for the Eastern Partnership (CORLEAP) is the political forum of local and regional authorities from the European Union and the Eastern Partnership countries.It is the only EU platform that offers an opportunity to discuss the contribution by cities and regions in the development of the Eastern Partnership.
Euro-Mediterranean Regional and Local Assembly (ARLEM)The Euro-Mediterranean Regional and Local Assembly (ARLEM) is an assembly of local and regional representatives from the European Union and its Mediterranean partners.
Regional Hubs Regional Hubs
The CoR launched a new generation of its Regional Hubs Network (RegHub). Its members monitor the implementation of EU policies on the ground and make sure that the voices of hundreds of regional and local stakeholders are taken into account when these policies are evaluated at European level.
National delegations National delegations
Members' portal Members' portal
The European Committee of the Regions (CoR) is the meeting place in Brussels for Europe's regions and cities. We welcome about 50,000 visitors a year, participating at the main CoR expert events or at one of the 200 hosted conferences organised by regions, cities or associations.
European Week of Regions and Cities European Week of Regions and Cities
The European Week of Regions and Cities is the biggest annual event dedicated to regional policy. During this annual four-day event, regions and cities showcase their capacity to create growth and jobs, implement European Union cohesion policy, and prove the importance of the local and regional level for good European governance.
The European Committee of the Regions (CoR) encourages participation at all levels, from regional and local authorities to fellow citizens. Find out how you can participate! Online surveys, consultations and events are open to regional and local authorities, associations, NGOs, experts and academics.
In the spotlight In the spotlight
Alliance for UkraineThe European Alliance of Cities and Regions for the Reconstruction of Ukraine was launched by the CoR and its partners, including EU and Ukrainian associations of local and regional authorities, to coordinate their joint efforts directed towards helping the recovery and reconstruction of Ukraine.
Future of EuropeAs the European Union's body charged with engaging and representing the one million local and regional politicians across the EU, one of the key aims of the European Committee of the Regions (CoR) is to bring the EU and its institutions closer to its citizens. This is achieved by assisting Members of the CoR to create local dialogues with citizens on European matters, by supporting large-scale initiatives such as the Conference on the Future of Europe and the Network of EU Councillors, and collaborating with other organisations to champion the roll out of innovative methods of citizen participation and engagement.
Green Deal Going LocalGreen Deal Going Local is a flagship initiative of the European Committee of the Regions that aims to place cities and regions at the heart of the EU's transition to climate neutrality.
Cohesion as an EU valueOne of the European Committee of the Regions' main priorities for 2020 to 2025 is to demonstrate that cohesion is not (just) money, but a fundamental value of the European Union. Through its own activities and through those carried out with the #CohesionAlliance, the Committee is committed to making sure that economic, social and territorial cohesion is fostered and respected in all EU policies.
Young Elected PoliticiansThe Young Elected Politicians programme (YEPs) is a network of politicians who are no older than 40 and hold a mandate at regional or local level in the EU. A call for applications to join the programme is published each year. YEPs will have the opportunity to get in contact with other young politicians through the YEP Community, to attend trainings on EU topics, and to participate in activities organised by the CoR, including meetings with rapporteurs, events and seminars organised by the CoR, and communication activities.
EU CouncillorsThere are more than one million elected politicians in the regions and cities of the European Union. They deal with European laws, funding programmes and debates on a daily basis. The Network builds on the successful experience with national or local politicians dealing with EU affairs existing, for example, in Austria, France and Germany.
European Entrepreneurial Region (EER)The European Entrepreneurial Region (EER) is a project that identifies and rewards EU regions and cities which show an outstanding and innovative entrepreneurial policy strategy, irrespective of their size, wealth and competences.
Mayor Paweł Adamowicz awardfor courage and excellence in the promotion of freedom, solidarity and equality.
EU organic awardsThe EU organic awards are jointly organised by the European Committee of the Regions (CoR), the European Commission, the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC, COPA-COGECA and IFOAM Organics Europe. These awards aim to recognise excellence along the organic value chain, rewarding the best and most innovative actors in organic production in the EU.
Access to documentsThe Treaty of Amsterdam introduced a new Article 255, which provides for a right of access for citizens to documents of the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission. These three institutions have adopted Regulation (EC) 1049/2001 regarding public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents, and subsequently, in a joint declaration, have asked the other European agencies and bodies to adopt similar rules on the matter.
ArchivesThe CoR Archives Service is responsible for organising, protecting, managing, describing and preserving the Committee's documentary resources, and providing them to the public. Once they are delivered to the Archives Service by the originating departments, the archives are repackaged, scanned and put on microfiche so as to ensure their physical preservation. A description of each file is made so that search tools (inventories) can be created.
CoR Mobile APPThe mobile app of the European Committee of the Regions (CoR) brings you real-time notifications about news, events and opinions on your preferred topics. Save your favourite items and share contents as you go from meeting to meeting via social media and other channels.
Documentation centreThe Documentation centre of the European Committee of the Regions (CoR) is the place to be when you are looking for information about Europe from a grass roots perspective.
Consultations Consultations
Visit us Visit us
The European Committee of the Regions (CoR) organises information visits for members of the public who want to find out more about how the CoR operates and about the role of the regions in shaping the content of European Union legislation.
You are here > Go to homepage > Engage > European Cross-Border Citizens' Alliance
European Cross-Border Citizens' Alliance
CoR_CoverText
The European Cross-Border Citizens' Alliance was launched in 2020. It is an initiative that aims to better the life of European citizens living in the EU's border regions.
The European Cross-Border Citizens' Alliance has multiple stakeholders; these are the:
Association of European Border Regions (AEBR)
Mission Opérationnelle Transfrontalière (MOT)
Central European Service for Cross-border Initiatives (CESCI)
Border regions in the EU
The internal border regions cover 40% of the EU's territory, accounting for 30% of its population (150 million people) and hosting almost 2 million cross-border commuters. Since the establishment of the single market and the Schengen area, many new opportunities have been created in border regions, and these regions in many cases have ceased to be peripheries, and have been turned into places of growth.
Challenges to living in border regions
Nevertheless, many obstacles still remain. Citizens living in border regions continue to encounter difficulties in their daily lives, whether it be finding a job, accessing healthcare, everyday commuting or overcoming administrative problems. Similarly, businesses face obstacles that hamper their growth and local and regional authorities (LRAs) continue to face challenges in establishing deeper cross-border cooperation such as cross-border public services.
These challenges became even more apparent during the COVID-19 crisis where after decades of free movement, borders were closed overnight putting citizens and businesses in border regions in great difficulty and resulting in massive negative economic and social impacts. It is therefore crucial to overcome these obstacles in order to mobilise the opportunities that open borders offer to citizens and businesses and to take the necessary measures to achieve and maintain this even in a crisis situation.
Increased cooperation
On the other hand, it should be noted that the crisis also animated multiple forms of cooperation, and revealed cross-border interdependencies and solidarity, that now must be organised and strengthened through European and national public policies taking fully into account the specificities of cross-border regions.
Declaration and Resolution on cross-border cooperation
On the right hand side, you will be able to read the European Cross-border Citizens' Alliance declaration Cross-Border regions at the heart of tomorrow's Europe which led to the Adoption of the Resolution Vision for Europe: Future of Cross-Border Cooperation on 1 July 2021 by the CoR Plenary.
This resolution is a result of numerous discussions, stakeholder consultations and public consultations that took place from July 2020 to July 2021, and it outlines concrete proposals of the Alliance and the CoR towards the Conference on the Future of Europe.
English(18.68 KB - PDF)Download
Available languages (24)
български(303.59 KB-PDF)Download
hrvatski(297.36 KB-PDF)Download
Čeština(307.59 KB-PDF)Download
dansk(19.96 KB-PDF)Download
Nederlands(111.67 KB-PDF)Download
eesti(100.88 KB-PDF)Download
suomi(19.09 KB-PDF)Download
français(301.52 KB-PDF)Download
Deutsch(110.58 KB-PDF)Download
ελληνικά(288.63 KB-PDF)Download
magyar(299.6 KB-PDF)Download
italiano(20.42 KB-PDF)Download
latviešu(298.18 KB-PDF)Download
lietuvių(299.88 KB-PDF)Download
Malti(310.03 KB-PDF)Download
polski(308.73 KB-PDF)Download
português(20.59 KB-PDF)Download
română(297.83 KB-PDF)Download
SR(293.64 KB-PDF)Download
slovenčina(310.85 KB-PDF)Download
slovenščina(288.3 KB-PDF)Download
español(19.42 KB-PDF)Download
svenska(19.13 KB-PDF)Download
Ukranian | український(304.46 KB-PDF)Download
Looking for another language which is not on the list? Find out why.
Resolution on a vision for Europe: future of Cross-Border Cooperation
English(131.55 KB - DOCX)Download
български(106.03 KB-DOCX)Download
Резолюция относно визия за Европа: бъдещето на трансграничното сътрудничество
hrvatski(116.8 KB-DOCX)Download
Rezolucija Vizija za Europu: Budućnost prekogranične suradnje
Čeština(127.85 KB-DOCX)Download
Usnensení - Vize pro Evropu: Budoucnost přeshraniční spolupráce
dansk(127.34 KB-DOCX)Download
Resolution om en vision for Europa: fremtiden for det grænseoverskridende samarbejde
Nederlands(123.63 KB-DOCX)Download
Resolutie over een visie voor Europa: de toekomst van grensoverschrijdende samenwerking
eesti(118.51 KB-DOCX)Download
Visioon Euroopast: piiriülese koostöö tulevik
suomi(122.01 KB-DOCX)Download
Päätöslauselma aiheesta "Visio Euroopasta: rajatylittävän yhteistyön tulevaisuus"
français(95.28 KB-DOCX)Download
Résolution sur le thème Une vision pour lEurope: lavenir de la coopération transfrontalière
Deutsch(122.03 KB-DOCX)Download
Eine Vision für Europa: Zukunft der grenzüberschreitenden Zusammenarbeit
ελληνικά(133.48 KB-DOCX)Download
Ψήφισμα με θέμα: Όραμα για την Ευρώπη: το μέλλον της διασυνοριακής συνεργασίας
magyar(125.53 KB-DOCX)Download
Állásfoglalás: Európa jövőképe: A határon átnyúló együttműködés jövője
italiano(123.66 KB-DOCX)Download
Risoluzione - Una visione per l'Europa: il futuro della cooperazione transfrontaliera
latviešu(122.08 KB-DOCX)Download
Rezolūcija Eiropas redzējums: pārrobežu sadarbības nākotne
lietuvių(125.45 KB-DOCX)Download
Rezoliucija dėl Europos vizijos. Tarpvalstybinio bendradarbiavimo ateitis
Malti(128.19 KB-DOCX)Download
Riżoluzzjoni dwar viżjoni għall-Ewropa: il-futur tal-kooperazzjoni transfruntiera
polski(125.98 KB-DOCX)Download
REZOLUCJA - Wizja dla Europy: przyszłość współpracy transgranicznej
português(121.13 KB-DOCX)Download
Resolução Uma visão para a Europa: futuro da cooperação transfronteiriça
română(124 KB-DOCX)Download
Rezoluție pe tema O viziune pentru Europa: viitorul cooperării transfrontaliere
slovenčina(119.64 KB-DOCX)Download
Uznesenie na tému Vízia pre Európu: budúcnosť cezhraničnej spolupráce
slovenščina(114.23 KB-DOCX)Download
Resolucija - Vizija za Evropo: prihodnost čezmejnega sodelovanja
español(123.22 KB-DOCX)Download
Resolución sobre Una visión para Europa: el futuro de la cooperación transfronteriza
svenska(119.13 KB-DOCX)Download
Resolution - En vision för Europa: framtiden för det gränsöverskridande samarbetet
Additional linguistic versions
Access the full content in Serbian
Access the full content in Ukrainian
Mission Operationelle transfronalière (MOT)
Central European Service for Cross-Border Initiatives (CESCI)


text:
Q: How to rotate 2D objects such that a pair of normal vectors are opposite Given two 2D shapes where each side has a normal vector, how can you rotate one of those objects such a pair of the objects normal vectors are opposite?
Example:

To

Assume that angles below X are negative and above are positive. 0 degrees is the positive X axis, and 180/-180 is the negative X axis.

A: If this were a 3D problem, and not a 2D one:
As I mentioned in a comment, you really need two orthogonal vectors per object to rotate one to match the other. As an example, consider the following image:

The left cube has orthonormal unit vectors $\hat{i}$ and $\hat{j}$. The transparent arrow indicates the third orthonormal unit vector, $\hat{k}$, that we can derive from the other two. As a reminder:
$$\begin{array}{r|r}
\hat{i} \cdot \hat{i} = 1 & \hat{i} \times \hat{j} = \hat{k} \\
\hat{j} \cdot \hat{j} = 1 & \hat{j} \times \hat{k} = \hat{i} \\
\hat{k} \cdot \hat{k} = 1 & \hat{k} \times \hat{i} = \hat{j} \\
\hline
\hat{i} \cdot \hat{j} = 0 &
\hat{i} \cdot \hat{k} = 0 \\
\hat{j} \cdot \hat{i} = 0 &
\hat{j} \cdot \hat{k} = 0 \\
\hat{k} \cdot \hat{i} = 0 &
\hat{k} \cdot \hat{j} = 0
\end{array}$$
Similarly for the cube on the right, for $\hat{u}$, $\hat{v}$, and the transparent unnamed $\hat{w}$. To reiterate,
$$\hat{k} = \hat{i} \times \hat{j} \qquad \text{and} \qquad \hat{w} = \hat{u} \times \hat{v} \tag{0}\label{0}$$
where $\times$ denotes vector cross product.
(In the illustration, $\hat{i}$ and $\hat{j}$ are unit normals for their respective faces, and $\hat{j}$, $\hat{k}$, $\hat{v}$, and $\hat{w}$ are parallel to the respective faces.)
For vectors and their components, I shall use notation
$$\hat{u} = \left [ \begin{array}{c} u_x \\ u_y \\ u_z \end{array} \right ] = ( u_x ,\, u_y ,\, u_z )$$
where the subscript names the component; similarly for $\hat{v}$, $\hat{w}$, $\hat{i}$, $\hat{j}$, and $\hat{k}$.
To construct rotation matrices using the above, we also need to remember three key properties of pure rotation matrices.

*

*Pure rotation matrices' column vectors correspond to the coordinate axis vectors after the rotation. If we label the elements in a pure rotation matrix $\mathbf{R}$,
$$\mathbf{R} = \left [ \begin{array}{ccc}
x_x & y_x & z_x \\ x_y & y_y & z_y \\ x_z & y_z & z_z \end{array} \right ]  \tag{1}\label{1}$$
then $\hat{x} = ( x_x ,\, x_y ,\, x_z )$, $\hat{y} = ( y_x ,\, y_y ,\, y_z )$, and $\hat{z} = ( z_x ,\, z_y ,\, z_z )$ correspond to the axis vectors $(1,0,0)$, $(0,1,0)$, and $(0,0,1)$ after the rotation by $\mathbf{R}$, because
$$\left [ \begin{array}{ccc}
x_x & y_x & z_x \\ x_y & y_y & z_y \\ x_z & y_z & z_z \end{array} \right ] \left [ \begin{array}{c}
1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{array} \right ] = \left [ \begin{array}{c}
x_x \\ x_y \\ x_z \end{array} \right ]$$and similarly for the other two unit axis vectors.

*Because pure rotation matrices are orthogonal, their inverse is their transpose:
$$\mathbf{R}^{-1} = \mathbf{R}^{T} = \left [ \begin{array}{ccc}
x_x & x_y & x_z \\ y_x & y_y & y_z \\ z_x & z_y & z_z \end{array} \right ] \tag{2}\label{2}$$

*If our vectors are column vectors like I use here, we multiply the rotation matrix and the vector in that order (sometimes called right multiply or post-multiply), and we can combine several rotations by multiplying them. Because matrix multiplication is not commutative, the order is important: first rotation is always rightmost, last rotation leftmost:
$$\mathbf{R} = \mathbf{R}_2 \mathbf{R}_1 \tag{3}\label{3}$$

The logic to constructing the rotation is very simple: we find the matrix that rotates the cube so that the unit normal vectors match coordinate axes; then we find the matrix that rotates the coordinate axis vectors to match the second cube; then we combine the two rotations to get the desired rotation.
The small wrinkle here is that we do not want the two pairs (triplets) of vectors to match; we actually want
$$\begin{array}{r} -\hat{i} \to \hat{u} \\ \hat{j} \to \hat{v} \end{array}$$
and therefore also that $$-\hat{k} = -\hat{i} \times \hat{j} \to \hat{w} = \hat{u} \times \hat{v}$$
If we apply $\eqref{0}$, $\eqref{1}$, and $\eqref{2}$ to the unit vectors (after noting the abovementioned wrinkle) in the cube on the left, the first rotation matrix is
$$\mathbf{R}_1 = \left [ \begin{array}{ccc}
-i_x & -i_y & -i_z \\ j_x & j_y & j_z \\
i_z j_y - i_y j_z & i_x j_z - i_z j_x & i_y j_x - i_x j_y \end{array} \right ]$$
and if we apply $\eqref{0}$ and $\eqref{1}$ to the unit vectors on the cube on the right, the second rotation matrix is
$$\mathbf{R}_2 = \left [ \begin{array}{ccc}
u_x & v_x & u_y v_z - u_z v_y \\
u_y & v_y & u_z v_x - u_x v_z \\
u_z & v_z & u_x v_y - u_y v_x \end{array} \right ]$$
Applying $\eqref{3}$, we get the combined matrix that rotates the cube on the left so that $\hat{i} = -\hat{u}$ and $\hat{j} = \hat{v}$:
$$\mathbf{R} = \mathbf{R}_2 \mathbf{R}_1$$
Note that when implementing this in a computer program, it is a good idea to calculate the components in the first two matrices (in temporary variables or arrays) first, and then just apply matrix multiplication to obtain the final rotation matrix. This leads to a function with 39 multiplications, 18 additions, 6 subtractions, and three negations, and a total of 18 temporary variables (and thus 27 assignments). It is surprisingly few operations, and should not be a bottleneck in any case. (If profiling indicates it nevertheless is — in some special-weird case —, you can shave off 12 multiplications and six subtractions by explicitly precalculating and storing the third unit vectors $\hat{k}$ and $\hat{w}$, too.)

A: In 2D, a single normal vector does indeed suffice. (My other answer deals with the 3D case.)
Let's say the object to be rotated has an unit vector $$\hat{n} = \left [ \begin{array}{c} n_x \\
n_y \end{array} \right ] = ( n_x ,\, n_y )$$and that the target object has an unit vector $$\hat{u} = \left [ \begin{array}{c} u_x \\
u_y \end{array} \right ] = ( u_x ,\, u_y )$$
We can form a 2D basis, i.e. obtain the other vector perpendicular to the named vector, by rotating the unit vector 90° counterclockwise:
$$\hat{m} = \left [ \begin{array}{c} -n_y \\
n_x \end{array} \right ] = ( -n_y ,\, n_x ) \qquad \text{and} \qquad \hat{v} = \left [ \begin{array}{c} -u_y \\
u_x \end{array} \right ] = ( -u_y ,\, u_x ) \tag{0}\label{10}$$
Note that $\hat{n}$ and $\hat{u}$ are unit vectors, i.e.
$$\left\lVert\hat{n}\right\rVert = 1 \qquad \text{or} \qquad \hat{n} \cdot \hat{n} = 1^2 = 1$$
and
$$\left\lVert\hat{u}\right\rVert = 1 \qquad \text{or} \qquad \hat{u} \cdot \hat{u} = 1^2 = 1$$
The rotated vectors are then also unit vectors.
To construct rotations using such basis vectors, we need to apply three features of pure rotation matrices,

*

*The column vectors of the matrix describes how the matrix rotates the unit axis vectors ($x$-axis $(1,0)$ and $y$-axis $(0,1)$).
In other words, if we label the components of a pure 2D rotation matrix $\mathbf{R}$
$$\mathbf{R} = \left [ \begin{array}{cc} a_x & b_x \\
a_y & b_y \end{array} \right ] \tag{1}\label{11}$$
then $$\mathbf{R} \left [ \begin{array}{c} 1 \\
0 \end{array} \right ] = \left [ \begin{array}{cc} a_x & b_x \\
a_y & b_y \end{array} \right ] \left [ \begin{array}{c} 1 \\
0 \end{array} \right ] = \left [ \begin{array}{c} a_x \\
a_y \end{array} \right ]$$
and $$\mathbf{R} \left [ \begin{array}{c} 0 \\
1 \end{array} \right ] = \left [ \begin{array}{cc} a_x & b_x \\
a_y & b_y \end{array} \right ] \left [ \begin{array}{c} 0 \\
1 \end{array} \right ]  = \left [ \begin{array}{c} b_x \\
b_y \end{array} \right ]$$

*Because a pure rotation matrix is orthonormal, its transpose is its inverse,
$$\mathbf{R}^{-1} = \mathbf{R}^{T} \tag{2}\label{12}$$
In other words, if we wish to reverse a rotation described by some matrix $\mathbf{M}$, we simply apply the rotation described by the transpose of that matrix, $\mathbf{M}^{T}$.
Combining this and the previous points $\eqref{10}$ and $\eqref{11}$, if we have an unit vector, say $\hat{c} = ( c_x ,\, c_y )$, pure rotation matrix
$$\mathbf{R}_x = \left [ \begin{array}{cc} c_x & c_y \\ -c_y & c_x \end{array} \right ]$$
rotates $\hat{c}$ to $(1 , 0)$, i.e. to positive $x$ axis. Similarly, pure rotation matrix
$$\mathbf{R}_y = \left [ \begin{array}{cc} -c_y & c_x \\ c_x & c_y \end{array} \right ]$$
rotates $\hat{c}$ to $(0 , 1)$, i.e. to positive $y$ axis.

*Rotation matrices can be combined by multiplying them together. Because their order does not commute, the order matters. Using the notation shown here, the first rotation matrix is the rightmost, and the last rotation leftmost, i.e.
$$\mathbf{R} = \mathbf{R}_2 \mathbf{R}_1 \tag{3}\label{13}$$

Logically, we construct the desired rotation matrix in two sub-rotations: first, we rotate so that the desired vectors match the axis unit vectors; then we rotate so that the axis unit vectors match the desired final vectors.
In OP's case, the desired rotation is such that $\mathbf{R} \hat{n} = -\hat{u}$, or equivalently, $\mathbf{R} (-\hat{n}) = \hat{u}$.
So, applying that, $\eqref{10}$, $\eqref{11}$ and $\eqref{12}$, we get
$$\mathbf{R}_1 = \left [ \begin{array}{cc} -n_x & -n_y \\
n_y & n_x \end{array} \right ]$$
which rotates $-\hat{n}$ to the $x$ axis ($(1,0)$).
Applying $\eqref{10}$ and $\eqref{11}$, we get
$$\mathbf{R}_2 = \left [ \begin{array}{cc} u_x & -u_y \\
u_y & u_x \end{array} \right ]$$
which rotates the $x$ axis ($(1,0)$) to $\hat{u}$.
Applying $\eqref{13}$ to combine $\mathbf{R}_1$ and $\mathbf{R}_2$, in that order, we get
$$\mathbf{R} = \mathbf{R}_2 \mathbf{R}_1 = \left [ \begin{array}{cc} u_x & -u_y \\
u_y & u_x \end{array} \right ] \left [ \begin{array}{cc} -n_x & -n_y \\
n_y & n_x \end{array} \right ] = \left [ \begin{array}{cc}
-u_x n_x - u_y n_y &
-u_x n_y - u_y n_x \\
-u_y n_x + u_x n_y &
 -u_y n_y + u_x n_x \end{array} \right ]$$
The combined matrix $\mathbf{R}$ rotates $-\hat{n}$ to $\hat{u}$, i.e. $\mathbf{R}(-\hat{n}) = -\mathbf{R}\hat{n} = \hat{u}$.
When implemented in a computer program, it makes sense to calculate the four products ($u_x n_x$, $u_x n_y$, $u_y n_x$, and $u_y n_y$) into temporary variables first. The entire operation then takes just four multiplications, two additions, two subtractions, and two negations (as well as six assignments) -- an extremely quick and lightweight operation.
Do note that the math shown here does assume that the normal vectors $\hat{n}$ and $\hat{u}$ are unit vectors. If they are not, you need to normalize them first, using
$$\begin{cases} n_x' = \frac{n_x}{\sqrt{n_x^2 + n_y^2}} \\
n_y' = \frac{n_y}{\sqrt{n_x^2 + n_y^2}} \end{cases} \qquad \text{and} \qquad
\begin{cases} u_x' = \frac{u_x}{\sqrt{u_x^2 + u_y^2}} \\
u_y' = \frac{n_y}{\sqrt{u_x^2 + u_y^2}} \end{cases}$$

A: @NominalAnimal's response was helpful to brush up on the theory. But the solution to my problem ended up much simpler. One object's normal vector needs to be rotated to another object's vector. Here is some pseudo code to do this
var start = my_joint.normal         #2D vector normal to the object's side
var end = - their_joint.normal.rotated(their_joint.get_global_rot())
var ang = start.angle_to(end)
set_global_rot(ang)

Just calculate the angle between the normal vectors, but be sure to incorporate the global rotation of the stationary vector. Then set the object's rotation to that angle.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Decorating Ideas, Home Garden Design was posted January 8, 2019 at 12:21 am by Home Design Ideas . More over Home Garden Design has viewed by 4 visitor.
Decorating Ideas, Home Vegetable Garden Design was posted February 8, 2019 at 4:26 pm by Home Design Ideas . More over Home Vegetable Garden Design has viewed by 10 visitor.
Decorating Ideas, Better Home And Garden was posted February 20, 2019 at 8:02 am by Home Design Ideas . More over Better Home And Garden has viewed by 3 visitor.
Decorating Ideas, Garden Home Designs was posted April 5, 2019 at 2:01 pm by Home Design Ideas . More over Garden Home Designs has viewed by 10 visitor.


text:
Sonoma County supervisor candidates in 2nd, 4th districts to debate Thursday
The debate will focus on equity and will include 4th District incumbent James Gore, opponent Richard "Andy" Springer, 2nd District incumbent David Rabbitt, and opponents Blake Hooper and Kevin Hayenga.|
EMMA MURPHY
Candidates for Sonoma County's 2nd and 4th District supervisor seats will gather in-person for a debate Thursday evening that will focus on equity.
4th District incumbent James Gore, his only opponent Richard "Andy" Springer, 2nd District incumbent David Rabbitt and his two opponents Blake Hooper and Kevin Hayenga are all expected to participate.
"We feel that it's important for us to get more involved in politics and understand how the system works and hear from the candidates about what policy can be generated," said Fernando Carrillo, co-chair of Los Cien's program committee, which organized the debate.
Los Cien is a prominent Latino leadership organization in Sonoma County.
The five candidates will face questions on countywide issues like housing, social justice and racial justice — areas that Los Cien focuses on, Carrillo said.
Sonoma County's 4th District spans much of northeastern Sonoma County including, Healdsburg, Windsor, the Alexander Valley, Dry Creek Valley, and parts of northern Santa Rosa.
The 2nd District includes Bloomfield, Two Rock, Petaluma, part of Rohnert Park and extends as far south as Sears Point.
The debate will run from 6:30 to 7:45 p.m. at Sally Tomatoes 1100 Valley House Drive in Rohnert Park. Doors will open at 5:30.
The debate is particularly notable for Los Cien because it is the first in-person for the organization since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Carrillo said.
"We're super happy and excited," said Carrillo.
Those interested in attending can register in advance at conta.cc/3iMSkQr. Los Cien is capping attendance at 150 people and is requesting all attendees wear masks and bring proof of vaccination.
Los Cien will record the debate and post it online for anyone unable to attend the debate live, Carrillo said.
You can reach Staff Writer Emma Murphy at 707-521-5228 or emma.murphy@pressdemocrat.com. On Twitter @MurphReports.
County government, politics reporter
The decisions of Sonoma County's elected leaders and those running county government departments impact people's lives in real, direct ways. Your local leaders are responsible for managing the county's finances, advocating for support at the state and federal levels, adopting policies on public health, housing and business — to name a few — and leading emergency response and recovery.
As The Press Democrat's county government and politics reporter, my job is to spotlight their work and track the outcomes.


Michael McKenna called in the next seat and they saw a flop heads.
Event #39: 3,000 No-Limit Hold'em 62nd 8,639 2014 Aussie Millions 10,600 Main Event 52nd 20,0 World Series juegos de maquinas simples para niños of Poker Event #59: 2,500 Limit 2-7 Triple Draw Lowball 16th 7,345 2013 World Series of Poker Event #48: 2,500 Limit Hold'em (Six Handed) ganar dinero apuestas online 1st 206,796 2013 World.
(Event #22) wsop Circuit - Los Angeles, Los Angeles 3rd 9,450.15 United States 3,500 No Limit Hold'em - Rolling Thunder Main Event WPT Rolling Thunder, Lincoln 35th 8,507.22 United States 3,250 No Limit Hold'em High Roller wsop Circuit - Los Angeles, Los Angeles.
Home, live Reporting, poker Tours, wSOP 2018 World Series of Poker, event #60: 10,000 Pot-Limit Omaha Hi-Lo 8 or Better Championship.South Africa, monster Jam Poker Tour (mjpt) - Pretoria, Pretoria, cyprus, artemis Poker Series, Famagusta, south Korea.(Event #20) WPT Legends of Poker, Los Angeles 7th 3,700.21 United States 2,500 Mixed Big Bet (Event #59) 48th World Series of Poker (wsop) 2017, Las Vegas 8th 12,390.66 United States 1,500 Pot Limit Omaha Hi/Lo (Event #46) 48th World Series.If you continue to use this website then we will assume you are ok with that.Championship 4th 181,503 2010 World Series of Poker Event #15: 10,000 Seven Card Stud Hi-Low Split-8 or Better Championship 13th 32,439 2009 World Series of Poker Event 42 - 2,500 Mixed Event 38th 4,814 2009 World Series of Poker Event 28 - 1,500 No Limit.(Event #21) wsop Circuit - Los Angeles, Los Angeles 4th 8,415.02.37 United States 1,675 No Limit Hold'em - Main Event (Bracelet Event #8) wsop Circuit - Los Angeles, Los Angeles 67th 2,960.20 102.93 United States 240.'O'.R.S.E.Country, watch, place, prize, gPI Points, pOY Points.WptdeepStacks - Brussels, Brussels, bahamas partypoker Caribbean Poker Party, Nassau, netherlands, master Classics Of Poker 2018, Amsterdam, england 888poker live London, London.Championship 41st World Series of Poker (wsop) 2010, Las Vegas 4th 181,503 United States 10,000 Seven Card Stud Hi/Lo 8 Championships 41st World Series of Poker (wsop) 2010, Las Vegas 13th 32,439 United States 2,000 100 No Limit Hold'em 2009 Deep Stack Extravaganza III, Las.Top Five Hands of the 1 Million Big One for One Drop The Muck: Phil Hellmuth Criticized for Swearing Speaking Out of Turn More Tweets.Marco Johnson: Michael McKenna: Top set for McKenna and the and runout was clean for him, good for a knockout with queens full.Event #60: 10,000 Pot-Limit Omaha Hi-Lo 8 or Better Championship.
Days: 1 2 3, live Reporting, chip Counts, myStack, photo Gallery.
United States 10,000 Pot Limit Omaha Hi-Lo - Championship (Event #60) 49th World Series of Poker (wsop) 2018, Las Vegas 6th 87,830 264.10 264.10 United States 10,000 Dealers Choice 6 Handed (Event #18) 49th World Series of Poker (wsop) 2018, Las Vegas 6th 47,579 201.16.
Event #41: 1,500 Six-Handed Dealer's maquina tragaperra online de cleopatra Choice 7th 13,411 2014 World Series of Poker.(Event #18) 47th World Series of Poker (wsop) 2016, Las Vegas 1st 259,730.10 United States 565 No Limit Hold'em Colossus II (Event #2) 47th World Series of Poker (wsop) 2016, Las Vegas 47th 18,592.26 United States.O.R.S.E.Johnson potted and McKenna said he was setting him in for the last 200,000.Justin Bonomo Wins 1 Million Big One for One Drop (10,000,000) 2018 wsop Event 74: Shaun Deeb Wins Second Bracelet of the Summer in 10,000 6-Max (814,179) Phil Hellmuth Wins 15th Career Bracelet in 5,000 No-Limit Hold'em!More photos, event, place, prize 2018 World Series of Poker, event #60: 10,000 Pot-Limit Omaha Hi-Lo 8 or Better Championship 6th 87,830 2018 World Series of Poker, event #18: 10,000 Dealer's Choice 6-Handed 6th 47,579 2017 World Series of Poker, event #59: 2,500 Big Bet.(Event #35) 46th World Series of Poker (wsop) 2015, Las Vegas 24th 7,903 United States 565 No Limit Hold'em The Colossus (Event #5) 46th World Series of Poker (wsop) 2015, Las Vegas 720th 4,027 United States 350.O.R.S.E 2015.A Poker Classic, Los Angeles 2nd.Ajpc Asian Circuit - festival, Incheon, czech Republic, european Poker Tour (EPT) Prague, Prague, netherlands.Event #51: 1,500 No-Limit Hold'em Monster Stack 605th 3,502 2014 World Series of Poker.(Event #14) 48th World Series of Poker (wsop) 2017, Las Vegas 32nd 4,911.03 United States 1,500 Dealers Choice - 6 Handed (Event #11) 48th World Series of Poker (wsop) 2017, Las Vegas 30th 3,238.17 United States 1,500 Omaha Hi/Lo (Event #4) 48th World.Poker News, home, players, marco Johnson, united States.
Dutch Open Poker Series, Breda, czech Republic partypoker Grand Prix Gala, Rozvadov, bahamas, pokerStars Caribbean Adventure (PCA) 2019, Paradise Island, date.
Videos, structure, live Stream, payouts, marco Johnson, marco Johnson opened for 350,000 under the gun.
List Mode, map Mode, austria, concord Million viii, Vienna Simmering, belgium.
32nd 4,911 2017 World Series of Poker, event #11: 1,500 Dealers Choice 6-Handed 30th 3,238 2017 World Series of Poker, event #4: 1,500 Omaha Hi-Lo 8 or Better 23rd 6,725 2014 World Series of Poker.


text:
#ifndef LB302_H_
#define LB302_H_

#include "DspEffectLibrary.h"
#include "Instrument.h"
#include "InstrumentView.h"
#include "LedCheckbox.h"
#include "Knob.h"
#include "NotePlayHandle.h"
#include <QMutex>

static const int NUM_FILTERS = 2;

class lb302SynthView;
class NotePlayHandle;

class lb302FilterKnobState
{
	public:
	float cutoff;
	float reso;
	float envmod;
	float envdecay;
	float dist;
};

class lb302Filter
{
	public:
	lb302Filter(lb302FilterKnobState* p_fs);
	virtual ~lb302Filter() {};

	virtual void recalc();
	virtual void envRecalc();
	virtual float process(const float& samp)=0;
	virtual void playNote();

	protected:
	lb302FilterKnobState *fs;

	// Filter Decay
	float vcf_c0;           // c0=e1 on retrigger; c0*=ed every sample; cutoff=e0+c0
	float vcf_e0,           // e0 and e1 for interpolation
	      vcf_e1;
	float vcf_rescoeff;     // Resonance coefficient [0.30,9.54]
};

class lb302FilterIIR2 : public lb302Filter
{
	public:
	lb302FilterIIR2(lb302FilterKnobState* p_fs);
	virtual ~lb302FilterIIR2();

	virtual void recalc();
	virtual void envRecalc();
	virtual float process(const float& samp);

	protected:
	float vcf_d1,           //   d1 and d2 are added back into the sample with
	      vcf_d2;           //   vcf_a and b as coefficients. IIR2 resonance
	                        //   loop.

	                        // IIR2 Coefficients for mixing dry and delay.
	float vcf_a,            //   Mixing coefficients for the final sound.
	      vcf_b,            //
	      vcf_c;

	DspEffectLibrary::Distortion * m_dist;
};

class lb302Filter3Pole : public lb302Filter
{
	public:
	lb302Filter3Pole(lb302FilterKnobState* p_fs);

	//virtual void recalc();
	virtual void envRecalc();
	virtual void recalc();
	virtual float process(const float& samp);

	protected:
	float kfcn,
	      kp,
	      kp1,
	      kp1h,
	      kres;
	float ay1,
	      ay2,
	      aout,
	      lastin,
	      value;
};

class lb302Note
{
public:
	float vco_inc;
	bool dead;
};

class lb302Synth : public Instrument
{
	Q_OBJECT
public:
	lb302Synth( InstrumentTrack * _instrument_track );
	virtual ~lb302Synth();

	virtual void play( sampleFrame * _working_buffer );
	virtual void playNote( NotePlayHandle * _n,
						sampleFrame * _working_buffer );
	virtual void deleteNotePluginData( NotePlayHandle * _n );

	virtual void saveSettings( QDomDocument & _doc, QDomElement & _parent );
	virtual void loadSettings( const QDomElement & _this );

	virtual QString nodeName() const;

	virtual Flags flags() const
	{
		return IsSingleStreamed;
	}

	virtual f_cnt_t desiredReleaseFrames() const
	{
		return 0; //4048;
	}

	virtual PluginView * instantiateView( QWidget * _parent );

private:
	void processNote( NotePlayHandle * n );

	void initNote(lb302Note *Note);
	void initSlide();

private:
	FloatModel vcf_cut_knob;
	FloatModel vcf_res_knob;
	FloatModel vcf_mod_knob;
	FloatModel vcf_dec_knob;

	FloatModel vco_fine_detune_knob;

	FloatModel dist_knob;
	IntModel wave_shape;
	FloatModel slide_dec_knob;

	BoolModel slideToggle;
	BoolModel accentToggle;
	BoolModel deadToggle;
	BoolModel db24Toggle;

public slots:
	void filterChanged();
	void db24Toggled();

private:
	// Oscillator
	float vco_inc,          // Sample increment for the frequency. Creates Sawtooth.
	      vco_k,            // Raw oscillator sample [-0.5,0.5]
	      vco_c;            // Raw oscillator sample [-0.5,0.5]

	float vco_slide,        //* Current value of slide exponential curve. Nonzero=sliding
	      vco_slideinc,     //* Slide base to use in next node. Nonzero=slide next note
	      vco_slidebase;    //* The base vco_inc while sliding.

	enum  vco_shape_t { SAWTOOTH, SQUARE, TRIANGLE, MOOG, ROUND_SQUARE, SINE, EXPONENTIAL, WHITE_NOISE,
							BL_SAWTOOTH, BL_SQUARE, BL_TRIANGLE, BL_MOOG };
	vco_shape_t vco_shape;

	// Filters (just keep both loaded and switch)
	lb302Filter* vcfs[NUM_FILTERS];

	// User settings
	lb302FilterKnobState fs;
	QAtomicPointer<lb302Filter> vcf;

	int release_frame;

	// More States
	int   vcf_envpos;       // Update counter. Updates when >= ENVINC

	float vca_attack,       // Amp attack
	      vca_decay,        // Amp decay
	      vca_a0,           // Initial amplifier coefficient
	      vca_a;            // Amplifier coefficient.

	// Envelope State
	int   vca_mode;         // 0: attack, 1: decay, 2: idle, 3: never played

	// My hacks
	int   sample_cnt;

	int   last_offset;

	int catch_frame;
	int catch_decay;

	bool new_freq;
	float true_freq;

	void recalcFilter();

	int process(sampleFrame *outbuf, const int size);

	friend class lb302SynthView;

	NotePlayHandle * m_playingNote;
	NotePlayHandleList m_notes;
	QMutex m_notesMutex;
} ;

class lb302SynthView : public InstrumentView
{
	Q_OBJECT
public:
	lb302SynthView( Instrument * _instrument,
	                QWidget * _parent );
	virtual ~lb302SynthView();

private:
	virtual void modelChanged();

	Knob * m_vcfCutKnob;
	Knob * m_vcfResKnob;
	Knob * m_vcfDecKnob;
	Knob * m_vcfModKnob;

	Knob * m_distKnob;
	Knob * m_slideDecKnob;
	automatableButtonGroup * m_waveBtnGrp;

	LedCheckBox * m_slideToggle;
	/*LedCheckBox * m_accentToggle;*/ // removed pending accent implementation
	LedCheckBox * m_deadToggle;
	LedCheckBox * m_db24Toggle;

} ;

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
50 Years MPIB
E-Mail, Azure VDI and EZproxy
Adaptive Rationality
History of Emotions
Humans and Machines
Lifespan Psychology
Lise Meitner Groups
LMG for Environmental Neuroscience
Max Planck Partner Groups
Emmy Noether Group: Lifespan Neural Dynamics Group
ERC-funded Research Group Adaptive Memory and Decision Making
MPRG Biosocial
MPRG iSearch
MPRG Naturalistic Social Cognition
MPRG NeuroCode
Concluded Areas
Study Participation
Publications of the Institute
Current Research Results
Open Access Publications of the Institute
Castellum
Library and Research Information
Research Schools
Work and Family Life
Max Planck Institute for Human Development
Boosting Decision Making
Li, Ying
Associate Senior Researcher
li@mpib-berlin.mpg.de
Main Focus
Check out our website (Macroscope) for historical meaning of words with a click of button --> http://www.macroscope.tech/
The words we use in our daily life reflects who we are, what we feel, and the social relationships we are in. This makes language a fertile ground for studying psychology. I am interested in how the language we produced reveals or shapes our mind. My research uses open-ended surveys, sizable linguistic corpora, network analysis and language models, with applications to the following projects:
Theme 1: Risk perception
How has the perception of risk changed over the past two centuries?
What events do people considered as risky and how they relate to each other?
Developing a culturally-universal risk preference scale.
Theme 2: Emotion and wellbeing
Developed a culturally-universal affect scale using free recall paradigm (Emotion Recall Task)
How do children acquire emotion concepts?
How do meanings of emotion words change over history?
Whether forward-looking attitude predicts national wellbeing and economic prosperity?
Theme 3: Corpus linguistics
What makes some words more likely to acquire new meanings than others?
The role of psycholinguistic factors in information transmission.
Modelling perception of conceptual metaphors.
Li, Y*., Engelthaler, T., Siew, C. S., & Hills, T. T. (2019). The Macroscope: A tool for examining the historical structure of language. Behavior research methods, 51(4), 1864-1877.https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-018-1177-6
Li, Y*., Masitah, A., & Hills, T. T. (2020). The Emotional Recall Task: Juxtaposing recall and recognition-based affect scales. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 46(9), 1782–1794. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000841
Li, Y*., Hills, T. T., & Hertwig, R. (2020). A brief history of risk. Cognition, 203, 104344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104344
Li, Y*., & Hills, T. T. (2021). Language patterns of outgroup prejudice. Cognition, 215, 104813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104813
Li, Y., Luan, S*., Li, Y., & Hertwig, R. (2021). Changing emotions in the COVID-19 pandemic: A four-wave longitudinal study in the United States and China. Social Science & Medicine. 285, 114222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114222
Li, Y., Luan, S*., Li, Y., Wu, J., Li, W., & Hertwig, R. (2022). Does risk perception motivate preventive behavior during a pandemic? A longitudinal study in the United States and China. American Psychologist. American Psychologist, 77(1), 111-123. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000885
Li, Y*., Siew, C. S. (In press). Diachronic semantic change in language is constrained by how people use and learn language. Memory & Cognition.
2015, M.Sc., Behavioral Economics, University of Warwick
2019, P.hD., Psychology, University of Warwick
Simple Heuristics
Search and Learning
Lifespan Development of Decision Making


text:
Posts Tagged 'Denny Chin'
Leahy Urges Confirmation of Google Books Judge
Tuesday, March 2nd, 2010
Although Sen. Patrick Leahy urged his colleagues Tuesday to vote on 13 pending judicial nominations, including that of 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals nominee Denny Chin, not everyone is as eager to see New York judge move to the appellate court right away.
Chin, who was nominated last October and approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee in December, is overseeing Google's proposed settlement to digitize millions of books. Google entered into a class-action settlement with a number of authors and publishers in 2008.
After a marathon hearing on the settlement last month during which competitors, public interest groups, other authors and the Justice Department aired their grievances, Chin is faced with the task of issuing a ruling in the long-running case.
The settlement stems from a pair of 2005 lawsuits against the Internet search giant. About 500 objections to the settlement have been filed — largely from critics who argue it violates copyright law and gives Google an unfair advantage in the e-book market.
Observers expect Chin to suggest changes the parties might make in order to get the settlement approved, as courts do not often reject negotiated settlements between private parties outright.
But if such a ruling further prolongs the process, and Chin is confirmed to the 2nd Circuit, it's unclear if the matter might be moved to a different judge.
Chin was included in Sen. Leahy's list of 14 nominations that were still waiting for a floor vote. Eight of them, including Chin, are not considered controversial.
Tags: Denny Chin, Google Books, Patrick Leahy
Posted in Antitrust, News | Comments Off
Google Books Judge Must Sort Through Mountains of Material
After presiding over a full-day hearing, and with 500 objections and thousands of pages of filings to plow through, federal Judge Denny Chin is now faced with the task of sorting through all that information and figuring out who is right about Google's plan to digitize and sell millions of e-books.
The Internet search giant entered into a class-action settlement with authors and publishers in 2008, which was the subject of yesterday's hearing in Chin's court in the Southern District of New York. Chin did not indicate when to expect a ruling from him on the fairness of the settlement.
Google's book plans have unleashed torrents of criticism from rivals, library and consumer groups, other academics and authors, and the Justice Department.
Based on a review of the transcript, it is evident both sides dug in their heels at the New York hearing. Google clashed with critics of the settlement on who was included, why they were included, how far the settlement went, what benefits it would give Google, and even how many books were included in the deal.
That number would be 174 million, argued Gary Reback, the antitrust lawyer leading the charge for critics with the Open Book Alliance: "We didn't end up with a single seller for those 174 million books, just by chance. We didn't end up there through some pro-competitive initiative by Google. We got there through concealment and misdirection," he said.
Google, in contrast, estimated that the settlement touches only about 10 million works, around half of which are part of the out-of-print category that has sparked so much controversy.
One issue at the heart of the hearing was why Google and the parties to the settlement didn't set up a process that would allow authors to opt-in to the settlement, instead of the current arrangement that authors are required to opt-out of. The Justice Department has suggested such a move could fix the bulk of the settlement's problems as far as it is concerned.
Google's lawyer, Daralyn Durie, argued that there could be no settlement without an opt-out class because finding and negotiating with individual rights-holders was prohibitively expensive. "There is no other way to create a market for these out of print works so that they can become available and so that their rights-holders can be located," Durie said.
"We know it doesn't work because if it worked, someone would have done it already. Microsoft abandoned its scanning project, so have others. They couldn't figure out a way to make it commercially viable," she said.
Judge Chin seemed disinclined to approve the settlement as is, and likened the release from copyright liability it would provide to Google to a release from future claims of discrimination. "You're getting a general release from absent participants, from people who haven't shown up yet," he told a lawyer for the authors in the settlement.
Google's argued the two were different, because discrimination is illegal, while distributing copyrighted works is not. Copyright law is designed to encourage the production of works and protect the economic interests of rights-holders, both of which the settlement does, Durie argued.
"[Rights holders] can come forward a year from now, they can come forward two years from now, they can come forward five years from now and say I want this to stop. All that will have happened to them in the interim is if people have purchased their works, money will be sitting and waiting for them. That's it," she said.
Many critics at yesterday's hearing expressed concern about the authors who were covered by the settlement, but who did not know about it. The parties argued that between 80 and 90 percent of all rights-holders are eventually found. Last year, the New York Times documented the extensive search the parties undertook to find missing authors.
Tags: Daralyn Durie, Denny Chin, Gary Reback, Google, Google Books, Open Book Alliance


MediaTakeOut.com learned that Wissam Al Mana's brother, just bought his niece or nephew a special gift - a gold and a diamond encrusted baby bottle. Wissam's family is worth BILLIONS in oil money, so a gift like that is not out of the ordinary.
That baby is gonna have one CRAZY LAVISH LIFE . . .


Are you one of those foodies of Asian descent that curries everything? Or do you know someone that does it? It is funny isn't it…Brussels sprouts get curried, as does pasta, asparagus, baked beans, bean sprouts, tofu and even pak choi.
I do laugh now at childhood memories of ambling in the open fruit and veg market with my dad, being jostled about by inconsiderate giants whilst my dad enthusiastically examined non-indian vegetables from above the rim of his glasses. Whilst he poked, stroked and rubbed edibles I took in the thrill of hearing native English stall holders bellow their banter in some Gujarati! Imagine that!
If he liked the look of it, I knew what the natural question would be…'I wonder what this would taste like as a curry'.
Remember, I came from a generation where the words 'we are having English food tonight' meant either egg and chips or a plate of boiled veg with cheese, pepper and salad cream on top. I am laughing as I'm writing this, but even the omelette was curried. Mixed veg with an assortment of Indian spices and cheese in top. oh but we loved it. I have lovely, fond recollections of the cousins and I all sat down around large and loud curtain fabric in the living room, tucking into indian omelette and chips. I guess currying everything was a simple way of befriending new foods. Coincidentally, and unknown to any of us at the time, it has been one of the impetus for my very own style of cooking.
Years later, when I'd take into work leftovers of samosa stuffing mixed with pasta, or Brussels packed with toasted gram flour and nutty spiced, if get those looks and raised eyebrows that said, 'that's just wrong'. Until they tasted it of course.
It's really important to get good quality halloumi cheese; avoid the ones that are rubbery on the inside. Salty and chewy halloumi is beautiful in this sour marinade with a smooth and peppery kick. It's super easy to make and I love using it to liven up a salad. In My picture I've teamed up the tandoori halloumi with a tomato, parsley and caper salad, some garlic and coriander hummus and potato wedges. Summer isn't over yet, but remember..tandoori halloumi isn't just for summer, it is to be loved all year round.
1. Mix together all of the wet ingredients into a box, stir well.
5. Set the halloumi on some baking paper and place them in the oven on gas mark 200 degrees until the halloumi is crispy and browned.
6. Serve immediately with a fresh salad, some pitta and take in the aromas.


With today's unparalleled divisiveness, it may be time to get an honest assessment of our biases.
With the 2018 election concluded (thankfully), maybe we can get back to a normal life without political banter and negative campaigning. Until, that is, the next news story reveals something about immigration, race, sexual orientation, birthright citizenship, mass murder or other issues that raise our dander.
Why do people get upset and at times display uncivil behavior? Fifty percent of our being is DNA-related; I trust you selected good parents. The other 50 percent is nurture-oriented; you were raised in a good-to-great family, neighborhood, school district and associated only with the best people, correct? Everything we've been exposed to since birth is lodged in our brain.
Past experiences form our attitudes, values, beliefs and behavior, which for some manifests in radical extremes such as killing 11 people at a Pittsburgh synagogue, child and spousal abuse, ignoring refugees seeking asylum, supporting white supremacy and spewing hate.
RELATED: Incivility is escalating and now we have pipe bombs. We need a contagion of kindness.
Social psychologists note that everyone has an unconscious bias. For example, what goes through your mind when you observe a non-English-speaking person, an individual whose gender you can't decipher, a shabbily dressed person holding a "Homeless: Need food" sign or a woman dressed with a black veil covering her face?
With today's unparalleled divisiveness, it may be time to get an honest assessment of our biases so we can consciously take steps to acknowledge who we are, identify blind spots and shortcomings, ponder actions to overcome biases and attempt to transform into more mature, accepting, tolerant and civil people.
I recommend Dolly Chugh's book, "The Person You Mean to Be: How Good People Fight Bias," or take Harvard University's online Implicit Association Test, which will raise awareness where biases in race, gender, sexual orientation, age and other areas may exist.
Assuming you are a qualified Nordic skiing coach, how well would you excel at the seven identified areas?
Do you have a problem working with individuals from a certain race? Can you work with people of a different ethnicity? Can you work equally well with individuals from a different socioeconomic station in life? Do you hold any biases toward a particular gender? Can you successfully interact with people who are of a different nationality? Are you accepting of transgender, gay and lesbian people or people who question their sexual orientation? And, finally, of the 4,200 religions in the world, is your chosen belief the only acceptable one or are you non-judgmental of others' belief systems?
Research is replete that the most emotionally mature adults are those who seek internal peace, are principled, possess a spirit of humility, know their weaknesses and are accepting of other people's attributes.
Overcoming biases is becoming more important, especially when up to 100 languages are spoken in many school districts, when citizens of Hispanic descent are America's largest minority group (17.8%), when 4.5% of Americans are LGBTQ, when religious beliefs range from the most orthodox to atheist, when political ideologies clash and when common American values can no longer be defined.
The only way in which the United States will become a better place to live is for everyone to reflect on issues that divide us and overcome our biases so civility can once again remain steadfast.


text:
SMC 018136, also known as PMMR 37, is a red supergiant star located in the Small Magellanic Cloud. It is one of the largest stars and one of the most luminous SMC cool supergiants so far discovered, with a radius of 1,310 times that of the sun and a bolometric luminosity over 200,000 times more than Sun. If it were in the place of the Sun, its photosphere would at least engulf the orbit of Jupiter.

SMC 018136 has a spectral type M0 Ia and an effective temperature 3,575 K, although more recent papers suggest it has a slightly earlier spectral type of K4.5 Ia-Ib.

See also
List of largest stars
HV 11423
VY Canis Majoris

References

Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Tucana (constellation)
M-type supergiants
K-type supergiants
J00505609-7215060
Extragalactic stars
PMMR objects

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Earlier this month, thousands of construction workers, painters and others took to the street of Philadelphia to link immigrant rights to worker rights. The rally also attempted to present a new day for worker and immigrant rights by rejecting President Donald Trump's efforts to divide labor along ethnic lines.
The International Union of Painters and Allied Trades, along with labor leaders, workers, activists and faith leaders, gathered at Penn's Landing in Philadelphia. The rally was also co-sponsored by the International Union of Painters and Allied Trades, IUPAT District Council 21, AFL-CIO, AFL-CIO Latino, Pennsylvania AFL-CIO, Philadelphia Council AFL-CIO, ASFCME, UNITE HERE!, UNITE HERE Local 54, UNITE HERE Philadelphia, SEIU 32BJ and Philadelphia Federation of Teachers.
"Putting fear and terror of intimidation into the very fabric of immigrant lives through televised ICE raids and family separations is nothing less than psychological warfare, waged on working families in order to silence whistleblowers in a broken labor system designed to drive down wages, break unions and increase profits," said Ken Rigmaiden, general president of IUPAT and the first African-American to lead a national building trades union, during a speech to rally attending.
During the rally, labor leaders, workers, advocates and children called for an end to family separation and said labor's committed to standing up for all workers regardless of status.
Twelve-year-old Ashley Téllez, a youth leader for the immigrant rights organization Juntos, joined Rigmaiden at the podium and told the crowd that she feared her undocumented mother could be deported at any moment, leaving her and her sister to fend for themselves.
In the spring of 2017, IUPAT ran a national campaign to win the release of member Hugo Mejia Murguia after he was detained in May 2017. The campaign led to authorities eventually releasing Murguia to his family while his asylum petition was being heard. Union officials have also spoken out against the way the Trump administration has dealt with Temporary Protected Status as well. Other faith-based organizations have taken their fight to the nation's capital to fight the potential appointment of a new U.S. Supreme Court Justice.
Faith in Action, the largest faith-based organizing network in the U.S., blasted the Senate's decision to move forward with confirmation hearings for U.S. Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh, despite the fact that U.S. Senators have not received all of Kavanaugh's records to scrutinize any potential biases in regards to civil rights, including immigrants' rights.
"Our rights and our freedom hang in the balance of the Senate's vote on Judge Kavanaugh, whether it is immigrants' rights, voting rights, criminal justice reform, or access to affordable health care," said Faith in Action Executive Director the Rev. Alvin Herring in a statement.


TVS XL 100 on-road price in Rajahumundry - ₹ 44,031 onwards. It is available in 1 version and 6 colors. XL 100 is sold by 2 dealerships in Rajahumundry. All the colour options and versions of XL 100 might not be available at all the dealerships in Rajahumundry.
You are currently viewing price of TVS XL 100 in Rajahumundry. Not from Rajahumundry? Select your city to see price in your city.


The fourth book in Baum's Oz series, Dorothy returns to lands of magic and fantasy with her cousin Zeb, kitten Eureka, and a cab-horse named Jim. They encounter vegetable people living under the world, and Dorothy is reunited with the Wizard of Oz when he floats down in his hot air balloon. They later are aided by invisible people in the Valley of Voe, and must escape several unfriendly mythical creatures to return to Oz. Baum's vivid imagination and creativity are readily apparent in this adventurous work, for he combines wonderful characters with an entertaining plot in a land at once familiar and full of enigmatic possibility.


The website could have a custom specialized download page which allows users to download content. If vulnerable to source code disclosure, that page could be used to extract source code and configuration files.
Using a whitelist of directories from which files are allowed for download and validate requests based on that list.
Validate file types requested by users.
Index files which are allowed for download and pass only their index numbers as the URL parameter values.