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Bold and Tough: 8 Best Off-Road Car Options in the Philippines
Moneymax Editorial Team
When car aficionados say that not all cars are created equal, believe them. And the very existence of off-road automobiles is a strong testament to such a claim.
Off-road cars are muscly at best, a characteristic that makes commanding attention a menial task. But don't be fooled by their jacked-up looks, as they also boast agility, performance, and versatility. Technically speaking, owning an off-road car will allow you to dominate any kind of terrain.
If you're planning to upgrade to an off-road car, there's no fitting guide other than this article. Read on to learn more.
The Basics of an Off-Road Car
Off-road cars are a different breed of vehicles. Their build and framing are usually much bigger, and they're often outfitted with tougher housing and larger tires. They're also designed with a flexible suspension. All these features make an off-road car not only ideal for city driving but also for adventurous rides on rough terrains, such as gravel, sand dunes, grassy lands, muddy surfaces, and unpaved roads.
Read more: Getting a New Ride? Here's Your Guide to Different Types of Vehicle in the Philippines
What to Look for in an Off-Road Car?
Before you buy an off-road car, here are some of the things that you need to look for first:
The Drivetrain
A drivetrain connects the engine to the car wheels. When the engine runs, the power is sent to the wheels, which can be either the front, rear, or all of the wheels. If the power is sent to either the front or rear wheels of your vehicle, your car is a two-wheel drive. On the other hand, if the power is sent to all of the wheels of your unit, then your car is a four-wheel or all-wheel drive.
If you're planning to buy an off-road car, it must have a four-wheel drivetrain since it provides much better traction. This means that moving on a rough, uneven, and unpaved surface will be much easier.
The majority of the cars in this list are actually four-wheel drives. Nevertheless, you can still use two-wheel drives on rough terrains, albeit the difficulty of navigating and risk of getting stuck. But to stay on the safe side, it's much wiser not to put your two-wheel drive in sticky and rocky situations.
The Torque Output
Much has been said about a car's horsepower. But when it comes to off-road vehicles, the torque output is king. To give you a refresher, the torque is your car engine's twisting power. This power is what will get your vehicle out of a muddy surface or help you navigate elevated and rocky hills.
As such, you should opt for a car that has a high torque. When this high torque is paired with superior tire grips, your car easily makes a formidable off-roader.
High Ground Clearance
You don't want your car's belly to be constantly scraped by gravel or rock when you navigate uncharted roads. If this keeps on happening, the vehicle's underside and other important parts may get damaged. To address this dilemma, your off-road car must have a high ground clearance. If you want a visual reference, just look at the ride height of some popular pick-up trucks and SUVs today.
Gone are the days when off-road vehicles were typified by boxy appearances. Today, an off-roader can take on different looks. It can be an SUV, a pick-up truck, or a crossover. What we're trying to say here is that you should look for an off-road car that easily matches your taste.
Off-road vehicles are always game for adventures. However, driving unfamiliar roads sometimes comes with risks. To make your ride much smoother and safer, your off-roader must have comprehensive safety features, such as airbags, stability control, blindspot detection system, hill start assist, and the like.
Best Off-Road Cars in the Philippines
Now that you know what you're looking for in an off-road car, here are the best options that may match your standards.
Price: PHP 843,000 to PHP 2,005,000
Key Specs of Toyota Hilux:
Seating capacity: Five
Transmission type: Manual or automatic
Engine: 4-cylinder, 16-valve, 2,393 cc (2.4L)
Performance: 148 horsepower and 343 Nm of torque
The Hilux is a quintessential Toyota truck with an enduring history since 1968.[1] Its popularity is attributed to its practicality and adaptability; it can be a workhorse for business people, but it can also be a family car.
Nevertheless, its precise handling and tight steering can take on some challenging road conditions (though the car must not be pushed to its limit). It also has a decent torque of 343 Nm, which makes it a practical off-roader contender.
When it comes to safety, the Hilux has driver's airbag, front passenger's airbag knee airbag, electronic brake distribution, and anti-lock brake system.
Price: PHP 1,095,000 to PHP 1,215,000
Key Specs of Suzuki Jimny:
Seating capacity: Four
The Jimny has always captured the attention of both devoted car enthusiasts and casual spectators. And it's easy to see why. It has a toy-like appeal coupled with good features.
Running on just 101 horsepower with 130 Nm torque, the Jimny isn't the most powerful car in the list. Nevertheless, it's worth remembering that the power just matches its size. The features that make the Jimny a truly capable off-road car are its four-wheel drivetrain and high ground clearance. Add to this list its short wheelbase, which makes cornering faster whether in the city or on the dirt road.
Safety features include airbags for the driver and the front passenger, anti-lock brake system, immobilizer, stability control, electronic door locks, and ISOFIX.
Key Specs of Chevrolet Colorado:
You can easily count on the Chevrolet Colorado when it comes to tough road adventures, since it's designed to produce high torque output. Moreover, the Colorado boasts a four-wheel drivetrain, which makes moving over undesirable surface conditions a breeze. Maneuvering it should also be a simple task since it comes with light steering.
As far as safety is concerned, the Colorado boasts the following features: driver's airbag, front passenger's airbag, immobilizer, security alarm, electronic door locks, speed-sensing door locks, and ISOFIX.
Key Specs of Suzuki Vitara:
Transmission type: Automatic
The Vitara is a subcompact crossover that seems to be designed for city driving. But take its sophistication to the dirt road and it'll definitely thrive and show its inner grit.
The all-new Vitara has an all-wheel drivetrain that gets the job done when you're treading an unfamiliar road. But what makes the Vitara a steal for car lovers is its fuel-efficient performance. So if you're looking to save a lot on fuel expenses in the long run, consider this car.
The Suzuki Vitara also makes a good family car since it's laden with safety features, such as the following: driver's airbag, front passenger's airbag, side airbags, curtain airbags, electronic brake distribution, anti-lock brake system, immobilizer, electronic door locks, and ISOFIX.
Note: The Suzuki Vitara has been discontinued in the Philippines,[2] but you might find some units in the used car market.
Mitsubishi Montero Sport
Key Specs of Mitsubishi Montero Sport:
Seating capacity: Seven
Engine:4 cylinder, 16-valve, 2,442 cc (2.4L)
Easily a status symbol in the Philippines, the Mitsubishi Montero Sport boasts an imposing and sleek body that makes pedestrians and drivers do a double take. With its roomy interiors and archetypal SUV look, the Montero Sport has become a popular family car. But you can also take it to long-distance and off-road sojourns.
The Montero Sport boasts a full-time four-wheel drive system called Super Select 4WD-II.[3] With this in place, you can switch between two-wheel drive setting and four-wheel drive mode while the car's on the move. This particular feature makes the Montero Sport a flexible drive in the city or down the country. Moreover, this car has off-road features that aid it in taking on challenging driving assignments, such as high ground clearance and a powerful torque.
When it comes to safety, the Montero Sport has the following: driver's airbag, front passenger's airbag, electronic brake distribution, anti-lock brake system, electronic door locks, speed-sensing door locks, ISOFIX, and cruise control.
Read more: 12 Best Sedans in the Philippines
Key Specs of Ford Ranger Raptor:
If you're a Ford fan who's head over heels for the Ranger, you'll definitely love the Ranger Raptor. It's bigger, bolder, and tougher. The large front emblem overlaying the grille simply screams muscle, and its humongous build easily suggests that it's destined for adventures. Nevertheless, you can effortlessly take it for a spin in the city, provided that the roads are wide.
No terrain is too tough for the Ranger Raptor since it's equipped with a four-wheel drivetrain and a T6 platform, which is shared with the Ford Everest. Add to these incredible features the specs that are truly designed for off-roading, such as the long-travel shock absorbers and an engine that can churn out 210 horsepower and 500 Nm of torque.
For safety, the Ford Ranger Raptor is outfitted with the following: driver's airbag, front passenger's airbag, side airbags, curtain airbags, auto brake system, electronic brake distribution, immobilizer, security alarm, stability control, electronic door locks, speed-sensing door locks, ISOFIX, lane departure warning system, and blindspot detection system. That's loaded!
Price: PHP 2,098,000
Key Specs of Toyota FJ Cruiser:
Engine: 6-cylinder, 24-valve, 3,956 (4.0L)
The Toyota FJ Cruiser is a no-frills off-road car that's ready for anything, whether it's the smooth roads of the city or the gritty paths of the rural domains. And sure, it can take on varying road assignments since it's built with an all-wheel drivetrain, a pretty athletic output of 268 horsepower, a steady torque of 380 Nm, and high ground clearance. Its beauty is understated but luxurious nonetheless, thanks to its modern features, from wireless door lock to multi-info display. The FJ Cruiser is high-end at best, but you'll definitely get what you pay for.
Safety-wise, the FJ Cruiser has the following features: driver's airbag, front passenger's airbag, anti-lock brake system, immobilizer, stability control, electronic door locks, and ISOFIX.
Key Specs of Toyota Land Cruiser:
Seating capacity: Eight
Engine: V6 Direct Injection, 24-valve, Twin Turbo Engine, 3,346 cc (3.3L)
Off-roading can also be sophisticated and luxurious, especially if you're driving a Toyota Land Cruiser. If you have a sizable budget to spare, you can't go wrong with this elegant mean machine.
One of Toyota's heritage lines, the Land Cruiser boasts an ultra-powerful torque of 700 Nm, making it a force to reckon with on gravel, sand, and other unfamiliar roads. It can also weather long-distance drives since it has an output of 306 horsepower.[4] These features will make you realize that strength can be really beautiful.
The interior space of the Land Cruiser is the epitome of grandiosity, as it's roomy and outfitted with premium materials. Furthermore, it's built with smart and intuitive technology, making every drive or ride a remarkable experience.
When it comes to safety, the Land Cruiser has the essentials. But a standout feature is the Toyota Safety Sense, which is made up of a pre-collision system with pedestrian detection, dynamic radar cruise control, lane departure alert, automatic high beams, among others.
Read more: Brand New or Second Hand Car: Which is the Right Vehicle for You?
Adaptability, beauty, security―you can find these and more in an off-road car. It can be quite pricey, but you can easily justify that if you're the type of driver who loves adventures, whether on the familiar terrain of the urban jungle or on the unpaved surfaces of the uncharted roads.
And since you're going on adventures with your new, trusty off-roader, it's wise that you give your car another layer of protection. You know that strange, new roads can be risky, so we strongly recommend getting a car insurance policy.
Compare different car insurance quotations in the Philippines through Moneymax. Use our comparison tool to find the cheapest rates in the market today. And if you spot the best deal, you can apply for it right away!
Car Insurance Company
Maximum Total Sum Insured
Casa Eligibility
Accredited Repair Shops
Vehicle Removal Crane Services
₱5 million 5 years 36 Up to ₱2,000 Up to ₱5,000 ₱10,000
Malayan Insurance
₱7.5 million 3 years 58 Up to ₱1,000 Up to ₱4,000 Up to ₱8,000
Mercantile Insurance
₱5 million 10 years 77 Up to ₱2,000 Up to ₱5,000 Up to ₱10,000
MAPFRE Insular
₱5 million 10 years 366 Up to ₱3,000 Up to ₱5,000 Up to ₱10,000
Stronghold Insurance
₱3 million 10 years 167 N/A N/A N/A
Prudential Guarantee
₱3 million 10 years N/A Up to ₱2,000 Up to ₱5,500 Up to ₱15,000
[1] Evolution of Toyota Hilux
[2] The Suzuki Vitara has been discontinued in PH (TopGear Philippines, 2022)
[3] Mitsubishi Montero Sport Features
[4] Toyota Land Cruiser Features
The Moneymax Editorial Team consists of talented and experienced writers, editors, investors, and subject matter experts on a mission to help Filipinos build healthier financial lives. Browse the Moneymax blog for information and advice on credit cards, loans, insurance, investments, and other personal finance topics. For more financial news and articles, follow Moneymax on LinkedIn.
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Akinwumi A. Adesina
President, African Development Bank Group
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Often described as "Africa's Optimist-in-Chief", African Development Bank Group President Dr. Akinwumi A. Adesina (1960) is widely lauded for his visionary leadership and passion for Africa's transformation.
Formerly the Nigerian Agriculture Minister, Dr. Adesina was first elected President of the African Development Bank Group on 28 May 2015. He was re-elected for a second five-year term on 27 August 2020 with 100% of the votes. On 31 October 2019, Dr. Adesina led the African Development Bank Group to achieve the highest capital increase since the Bank Group's establishment in 1964, when shareholders from 80 member countries raised the general capital from $93 billion to a historic $208 billion.
With Dr. Adesina at the helm, the African Development Bank Group responded boldly to the coronavirus pandemic. On 3 April 2020, the premier development finance institution launched a landmark $3 billion COVID-19 Social Bond followed by a COVID-19 Crisis Response Facility of $10 billion.
Over the course of his distinguished career, Dr. Adesina has been recognised with numerous awards. On 19 October 2017, the President was conferred with the World Food Prize, generally known as the "Nobel Prize for Agriculture". On 29 February 2020, he was named African of the Year 2019 by one million readers of the African Leadership Magazine. On 14 December 2020, the Academy of Public Health, the flagship body of the West African Institute of Public Health, announced Dr. Adesina as one of the winners of its 2020 Distinguished Fellowship Award for his successful efforts in helping Africa to curb the impact of the coronavirus pandemic.
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Hon. Kenneth Ofori-Atta
Minister of Finance, Republic of Ghana
Juha Savolainen
Deputy Director Of The Department For Development Policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Finland
Ms Bjørg Sandkjær
State Secretary (International Development), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway
Nicolas KAZADI
Minister of Finance, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Olavo Correia
Vice Prime Minister, Minister Of Finance, Cabo Verde
Carlos San Basilio
Managing Director for Corporate Strategy, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
Dr Beth Dunford
Vice President for Agriculture, Human and Social Development, African Development Bank
Governor and Deputy Director of the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, U.K.
Alain Ebobisse
CEO, Africa50
Patrick Verkooijen
Founder and Ceo, Global Center on Adaptation
Wael Elkabbany
Diretor do departamento de Transformação de África na Microsoft
Solomon Quaynor
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Dr. Martin Fregene
Director of Agriculture and Agro-Industry, African Development Bank
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Belmont Area Business Association is a proud recipient of Venture Portland's Benchmark Grant. Thank to you Venture Portland for the opportunity to use grant funds to expand our district walking map to a larger map listing more businesses.
If you have a business between 12th and 60th, on and near Belmont, Morrison and Stark, and are not yet a BABA member, become a member by the end of June to be listed on the map.
Connect with other Belmont Area businesses at BABA board meetings every 2nd Thursday 9-10:30 am at the Belmont Firehouse at 35th and Belmont and at our morning and evening BBB – Belmont Business Beverage – events at various locations around the district the forth week of each month. Check for this month's location at www.belmontdistrict.org.
For help joining BABA, to join the BABA list serve or for info on BABA events, contact Karen Hery, BABA marking and communications rep: karenhery@gmail.com 503.407.2667.


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Air IT's Certification Journey so far
Who is Air IT?
Air IT was founded in 2005 as a proactive IT Managed Service Provider. The founder of the company had worked as an IT manager at a time when most providers focused on a break-fix model of IT support, so he wanted to establish a new approach to IT services and support, which was client-focused and proactive. We've grown massively since then and we now offer managed services in cyber security, communications, business intelligence, business continuity and cloud computing.
Tell us about your service desk?
We work with over 1,250 clients across the UK, supporting them with all their technology needs. We now have 270 staff around the UK, more than 200 of whom are in service roles, and we're looking forward to being able to implement SDI's Global Best Practice Standard within our regional offices and teams.
When did you decide to pursue Service Desk Certification?
We had been longstanding members of SDI before joining the SDC programme. We joined in the summer of 2017 with the aim of finding the best ways to improve our service, by implementing the right processes and procedures, developing as a function and becoming more mature. In our first audit in 2018, we were so proud to achieve a 3-star customer-led rating, which we maintained for 3 years running.
How did you support the team to continue progressing?
The team have always been really enthusiastic about SDC and this year we really wanted to push for four stars. We made sure to keep the wider team involved during the process and continued to highlight the performance improvements it would make for our clients.
What were some of your key highlights and challenges?
The team are always committed to providing the best customer experience so it wasn't difficult to motivate them and they were keen to get involved with the audit. Seeing feedback from clients in real-time is a great way to keep morale high as they can see the difference they're making for people, our quarterly staff 'Great People Awards' are all based on client and colleague feedback. Preparing for an audit is challenging as it's a big commitment, but it's definitely worth the time and effort when you see the improvements and results. Some of the highlights were seeing the team getting so involved and witnessing how much more mature our business intelligence reporting has become.
What impact has SDC had on the team and wider business?
Over the years we've implemented lots of new processes and increased our maturity levels, so customers have naturally seen an improved level of service. It's also helped with employee satisfaction. This has been reflected in the feedback we have received from customers, which has been a real boost for staff morale. In terms of the wider business SDC has given us a really unique offering as an MSP and shows people how committed we are to excellent customer service.
What future plans do you have for the service operation?
We'll certainly be looking to retain our 4-star certification for the next couple of years, before potentially working towards 5 stars in the future. Now that Air IT is expanding across the UK, it would be great to get other service desks across the Group involved with the SDC programme too. The whole Service Delivery team are so proud – they are really invested in the SDC scheme and it feels like a personal achievement. It's been a great morale booster across all departments of the business as well. It was great to celebrate with the whole company recently at our annual company festival- looking back at how far we've come over the years and looking forward to the future!
Watch AIR IT's celebration video here
Questions about Certification?
Learn more about becoming Certified by downloading the SDC Brochure or contact our team via live chat, or by calling +44 (0)1689 889100
The first step in the SDC programme is the Service Desk Assessment, a two day evaluation of the current maturity of your service, this can be delivered virtually or in-person.
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NEET youth is becoming one of the most important challenges to the European societies and increasingly will be.
Drop-out and early school leaving will increase, as schools are falling more and more behind the cultures of 21st century youth.
Most NEET prevention measures are based on the unfortunate assumption that potential NEETs are not able to learn, to work intellectually or to develop educational or labour market relevant competences. This is why most of these settings are based on a practical and manual work.
Ironically this means that NEET prevention can result in learning prevention.
Potential NEET youth and NEET youth are indeed able to develop strong intellectual and learning capacity, given the proper opportunities and learning settings.
It is an important element in the open the doors to community didactics to break through this inertia of depressed mentality in NEET prevention environments – including all levels of those environments – by inviting different kinds of players from other sectors, and with different mentalities, to join and engage in the projects and activities created with and for the youth groups.
To create new capacity in NEET preventions to support the learning of 21st century competences among the young people, the project needs to address and work with the professional staff in these settings, mostly teachers, social educators and youth educators.
The educational professionals are the gatekeepers of innovative didactics, allowing potential NEETs to re-engage in learning and initiative-taking.
Therefore Open the Doors is missioned to create new didactics for NEET prevention THROUGH building 21st century didactic capacity among the professionals.
IN CONCISE FORM THE PROJECT WILL BUILD 21ST CENTURY NEET PREVENTION CAPACITY AMONG NEET PREVENTION EDUCATORS THROUGH ENGAGING THEM IN CONCRETE PROJECTS WITH THE YOUNG TEAMS AND THE COMMUNITY, BASED ON THE PROJECT'S 5 FUTURE-ORIENTED METHODOLOGIES: REAL-LIFE LEARNING, LEARNING IN MIXED REALITIES, WORKING WITH COMMUNITY, ENTREPRENEURIAL INITIATIVE-TAKING AND USING CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY.
The capacity building of the educators will result from the interaction between such practical experimentation and the collective reflections systematically included in the project.
The DOCUMENTATION of project's extensive capacity building among participating educators will generate NEW KNOWLEDGE, on which the project's final outcomes will be based – offering rich didactic guidance to a wider audience of NEET prevention educators across Europe.
The project mission is based on the assumption that potential NEET youth and NEET youth are indeed able to develop strong intellectual, creative and learning capacity as clearly demonstrated and documented along 20 years of practice by the global Intel Computer Clubhouse Network, established by the MIT Media Lab in Boston.
However, traditional NEET prevention is not able to offer such didactics that allows and fosters such intellectual activity, based as they are on the pedagogy of practical and manual work.
To create new capacity in NEET preventions by working with the professional staff in the prevention provisions, mostly teachers, social educators and youth workers.
To innovate in the didactics of NEET prevention by applying the 21st century entrepreneurial learning, linking the youth interest with the community needs and creating practical learning processes.
To build capacity among NEET to re-engage in learning, community and work.
To link this new experience to the education institutions responsible for training the new generations of teachers and youth workers.
To produce experienced based documentation to share among education institutions in order to unify the criteria in NEET prevention.
The core of the teacher and youth worker capacity building is to organize such practical learning activities that allow potential NEET youth to pick up 21st century learning mechanisms, to take a re-newed interest in learning and taking action and to equip them with valuable social eco-systems. This will be experimented by negotiating missions between teachers and small teams of young people matching the youth interests and talents and community needs.
Thus the NEET prevention educators will learn and capacity-build through organizing new and engaging learning activities with and for the young people enrolled in the settings, through joint transnational reflection forums and through collectively describing and documenting their accomplishments.
"… non-formal and informal learning can play an important and complementary role by bringing added value for all young people, especially those in a NEET situation, in the transition to the labour market: building bridges between education and employment systems, complementing the formal education system, providing self-confidence, social capital and self-development."
The overarching and innovative mission of the Open the Doors project is to demonstrate that different didactics and learning principles can indeed create learning engagement, capacity and 21st century competences among potential NEETs.
The project's innovation capacity will be considerably reinforced through the interaction with the development of the Commission's new European Entrepreneurial Competence Framework, in which project players will be engaged.
Are you a NEET prevention worker?
Are NEETs not able to learn? Why not ask them?
A CHARTER OF MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING?


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You are invited to join us for walks, take part in theatre workshops, attend complimentary meals and contribute your voice as we answer the following questions:
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Select one of the options below to see what we are doing and learn how you can get involved by attending a free event or by organising and sharing your own unique activity.
ark sheffield has been Initiated by Sheffield Hallam University Lecturers Dr Tom Payne (Humanities) and Dr Julia Udall (Natural and Built Environment) with Dr Alex De Little (Goldsmiths Centre for Sound Practice Research). The project is supported by Sheffield Theatres, as part of Together in the City festival (2022); with additional funding support from UK Research and Innovation and Sheffield Hallam University. ark sheffield is produced in partnership with Sheffield Hallam University, Goldsmiths University, GumboFM, Blend Kitchen, Heeley City Farm, Foodhall, Open Kitchen Social Club, The Wood Fired Pizza Company, SADACCA, Sheffield Museums, Sheffield City of Sanctuary, RESOLVE Collective, University of Leeds, and UK Research and Innovation. ark was conceived in 2015 by Tom Payne as part of his post-doctoral research for the Cymerau case study for the Arts and Humanities Research Council's Towards Hydrocitizenship. It was developed in mid-Wales with support from National Theatre Wales's Summer Camp (Broneirion, 2015) and Wales Lab (Aberystwyth, 2019). It has received additional funding from the Department of Humanities Research and Innovation Fund (2017 - present). With special thanks to those who supported and contributed to the earlier phases of development, including Simon Coates, Kully Thiarai, Lucy Wood, Jacob Gough, Sam Christie, Jenny Hall, Adrian Kear, and Rosie Strickland. The unique community engagement and performance methodology behind ark sheffield has been developed by Tom Payne, Julia Udall and Alex De Little at Sheffield Hallam University as part of the Economic and Social Research Council's Festival of Social Science's event, Amplifying Climate Dialogues (2021), and through collaborative working with the team, our community partners and Sheffield Theatres. Photography by Becky Payne.
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"In 1220 AD Genghis Khan sacked Balkh, butchered its inhabitants and levelled all the buildings capable of defense..."
"After the fall of the Uigur Kaganate, some Manichaean Uigurs emigrated to the west banks of the Yellow River in Kansu, a second group emigrated via Yetti Su to the southern part of Khan Tengri (Tian Shan in Chinese) in Eastern Turkestan, the third and the largest group of Uigurs emigrated to the northern part of Khan Tengri where their ancestors were still living. The Manichaean Uigurs who emigrated to the west banks of the Yellow river in Kansu established a kingdom in 850 known as the Kan-Chou Uigur Kingdom, later absorbed in 1228 by the Tankut state Western Hsia. These Uigurs still live in the Kansu area under the name Sarik Uigurs or Yellow Uigurs, preserving their old Uigur tongue....The Manichaean Uigurs who emigrated to the northern part of Khan Tengri in Eastern Turkestan established the second Uigur Kingdom in 846 known as Karakhoja Uigur Kingdom near the present day city of Turfan.....The Manichaean Uigurs who settled in the southern part of Khan Tengri, established the Karakhanid Kingdom in 840 AD with the support of other Türks, the Karluks, Turgishes and Basmils, with Kashgar as their capital. In 934, during the rule of Satuk Bughra Khan, the Karakhanids embraced Islam. Thus, in the territory of Eastern Turkestan were two Uigur kingdoms: the Moslem Karakhanids, and Buddhist Karakhoja Uigurs.
In 1578, in the midst of a military campaign, Abtai Khan—the powerful Kalkha Mongol lord and unifer of Mongolia—became fascinated with Tibetan Buddhism and converted to the religion.
The term "Khalkha" (or Халх) has always puzzled linguists and historians. One possible interpretation is that it share the same root with the words "Халхавч" or "Shield" and "Халхлах" or to protect; to cover; to shield; to hide; to intercept; etc.
early 1920s. Thanks partly to Ungern-Sternberg, the hope of a Shambhalic Messiah grew more specific and even political. The Panchen Lama, at the great monastery of Shigatse, claimed that a predecessor had received a message from the King of the World, written on golden tablets. Expelled in 1923 through a dispute with the more powerful Dalai Lama, he traveled north in the direction of Mongolia, founding colleges allegedly in touch with Shambhala. Mongols began to speak of the War of Shambhala as getting close and to favor the identification of the promised Messiah as Gesar Khan, a hero of their own epic tradition who was destined to return like King Arthur. He would form an Asian alliance against the white races. Alexandra David-Neel, a student of Lamaism who translated the Gesar epic, saw a shrine with an image of the hero, before which a woman prayed for a son who could fight for him. She was assured several times that he was already in the world and would be manifested in fifteen years. According to her own account, the bard who dictated the epic to her gave her a flower that was a present from Gesar himself—a blue flower of a species that bloomed in July, though it was winter at the time. Another Western inquirer was the distinguished Russian artist and anthropologist Nicholas Roerich, remembered especially as Stravinsky's collaborator in devising rituals for his ballet The Rite of Spring. Hearing of the ferment in Central Asia, Roerich led an expedition that set off in 1923 and assembled many reports and rumors. He respected some of these as predictive but hoped for a new dawn of enlightenment rather than an outbreak of militancy. As a Shambhalic Messiah he preferred the pacific Maitreya to the martial Gesar.
"lamas have prophesied a future War of Shambhala in which good forces will conquer evil and bring in a golden age. The messianic figure who will then step forth from the holy place is conceived in different ways. He may be a king of Shambhala called Rigden Jye-po. He may be Gesar, a Mongolian legendary hero."
In this photo Prof. Bira (The Roerich Shambhala Museum in Ulaanbaatar) studies the only Nicholas Roerich painting known to exist in Mongolia, "The King of Shambhala," or "Rigden Gyalpo." It is one of the many paintings created by Nicholas Roerich during his residence in Ulaanbaatar in 1926-27. The painting was presented by Nicholas Roerich to the Mongolian government in 1927. Its survival was in doubt for some years during the Stalinist period, and was feared lost during the terrible years of the Cultural Purges of the 1930s and 1940s. However, it was re-discovered during the George Roerich visit to Ulaanbaatar (with Bira as translator and guide) of 1958.
GHUR..."Subjugation of the mountainous region of Ghur required great effort of the part of the Mongols. The mongols gradually adopted the Iranian language. The Hazaras are Mongolian in origin but Iranian by speech. Between Harat and Qandahar. On the upper reaches of the Murghab River live the Mongols who speak Persian. There is a road from Badakhshan to Tibet." (Barhtold: 1984..pg 83)
...(65E..34N)..."Ghuristan attained its greatest splendor in 1148-1215 during the Sam Dynasty. Their great capital was Biruzkuh (Firuzkuh)(Turquoise Mountain) an immense fortress in the mountains, site unknown. Great mountainous region and source of many great rivers. Murghab River. Headwaters of the Hari River. Castle was called Kal'ah Khastar. Bamiyan. Herat, rich city of 400,000 people in the 12th century. Great Buddhist sculptures at Bamiyan.Bactria. The city of Bamiyan was the capital of a great district and a great Buddhist center long before the days of Islam. Great sculpture. The Ghurid princes were defeated in 1215 AD and the dynasty disappeared a few years later with the Mongol invasion. Destroyed by Ghengis Khan in 1222 AD. The great castles (kal'ah) mentioned in its history seem to have disappeared. " (Le Strange: 1966..pg 418).
MONGOLS...."Kublai Khan told Marco Polo: 'The Christians worship Jesus, the Saracens worship Mohammed, the Jews worship Moses and the idolaters worship Sakyamuni Burkhan." (Marco Polo in Waugh: 1984...pg 69)...
Genghis Khan, the Mongolian warrior/butcher of the 13th century, may have done more than rule the largest empire in the world; according to a recently published genetic study, he may have helped populate it too.....An international group of geneticists studying Y-chromosome data have found that nearly 8 percent of the men living in the region of the former Mongol empire carry y-chromosomes that are nearly identical. That translates to 0.5 percent of the male population in the world, or roughly 16 million descendants living today......His military conquests were frequently characterized by the wholesale slaughter of the vanquished. His descendants extended the empire and maintained power in the region for several hundred years, in civilizations in which harems and concubines were the norm. And the males were markedly prolific.......Khan's eldest son, Tushi, is reported to have had 40 sons. Documents written during or just after Khan's reign say that after a conquest, looting, pillaging, and rape were the spoils of war for all soldiers, but that Khan got first pick of the beautiful women. His grandson, Kubilai Khan, who established the Yuan Dynasty in China, had 22 legitimate sons, and was reported to have added 30 virgins to his harem each year.
Modu Chanyu (simplified Chinese: 冒顿单于; traditional Chinese: 冒頓單于; pinyin: Mòdú Chányú, sometimes also transcribed Modu and Maodun) was born c. 234 BCE was the fourth known emperor and founder of the Xiongnu Empire after he killed his father in 209 BCE. Modu ruled from 209 BCE to 174 BCE. He was a military leader under his father Touman, and later the Chanyu and king of the Xiongnu, centered in modern day Mongolia......Once he had secured the throne, he established a powerful Xiongnu Empire by successfully unifying the tribes of the Mongolian steppes and hence posed an imminent threat to the Chinese Qin Dynasty. His Xiongnu Empire was one of the largest of his time – the eastern border stretched as far as the Liao River, the western borders of the empire reached the Pamir Mountains whilst the northern border reached Lake Baikal......He was succeeded by his son Laoshang.
"The Mongol invasions of the Islamic world began in 1221 with the conquest of eastern Iran. A more devastating wave of conquest, however, came with Genghis Khan's grandson Hülegü, when Mongol forces subjugated all of Iran and by 1258 had also taken Baghdad, thus bringing to an end the cAbbasid caliphate (750–1258). Establishing rule over most of West Asia, including Iraq, Iran, Khorasan, the Caucasus, and parts of Asia Minor, Hülegü (r. 1256–65) assumed the title of "Il-Khan," meaning lesser Khan, subordinate to the Great Khan ruling in China. This branch of the Mongol dynasty, which became known as the Ilkhanids (1256–1353), centered its power in northwest Iran........Although Mongol conquests initially brought devastation and affected the balance of artistic production, in a short period of time, the control of most of Asia by the Mongols—the so-called Pax Mongolica—created an environment of tremendous cultural exchange. Following the conversion to Islam of the Il-Khan Ghazan (r. 1295–1304) in 1295 and the establishment of his active cultural policy in support of his new religion, Islamic art flourished once again. East Asian elements absorbed into the existing Perso-Islamic repertoire created a new artistic vocabulary, one that was emulated from Anatolia to India, profoundly affecting artistic production. ......During the Ilkhanid period, the decorative arts—textiles, pottery, metalwork, jewelry, and manuscript illumination and illustration—continued along and further developed established lines. The arts of the book, however, including illuminated and illustrated manuscripts of religious and secular texts, became a major focus of artistic production. Baghdad became an important center once again. In illustration, new ideas and motifs were introduced into the repertoire of the Muslim artist, including an altered and more Chinese depiction of pictorial space, as well as motifs such as lotuses and peonies, cloud bands, and dragons and phoenixes. Popular subjects, also sponsored by the court, included well-known stories such as the Shahnama (Book of Kings), the famous Persian epic. Furthermore, the widespread use of paper and textiles also enabled new designs to be readily transferred from one medium to another. ......Along with their renown in the arts, the Ilkhanids were also great builders. The lavishly decorated Ilkhanid summer palace at Takht-i Sulayman (ca. 1275), a site with pre-Islamic Iranian resonances, is an important example of secular architecture. The outstanding Tomb of Uljaytu (built 1307–13; r. 1304–16) in Sultaniyya, however, is the architectural masterpiece of the period. Following their conversion to Islam, the Ilkhanids built numerous mosques and Sufi shrines in cities across Iran such as Ardabil, Isfahan, Natanz, Tabriz, Varamin, and Yazd (ca. 1300–1350). After the death of the last Ilkhanid ruler of the united dynasty in 1335, the empire disintegrated and a number of local dynasties came to power in Iraq and Iran, each emulating the style set by the Ilkhanids......Suzan Yalman.....Department of Education, The Metropolitan Museum of Art


Corb Lund Show Moved From Top Hat To Wilma Due To Popular Demand!
Heads up if you plan on attending the Corb Lund show Thursday night! It's been moved from the Top Hat to the Wilma!
Due to popular demand, the Corb Lund concert originally scheduled at the Top Hat on January 10, 2019 has now been moved to The Wilma.
All tickets previously purchased to the Top Hat will be honored at The Wilma. There is no need to exchange or refund tickets.
Remaining tickets can be purchased in person at the Top Hat or online here while supplies last.


text:
RAND says LA homelessness has skyrocketed 18 percent
By City News Service
City of Hope opens on-campus hotel in Duarte for patients, families
Will baldness soon be a thing of the past?
By Teri Sforza
August 5, 2022 at 3:01 p.m.
Restaurants Food and Drink |
Where to eat good food for less money in the San Gabriel Valley
By Merrill Shindler
UCI gets $55 million to create center focused on depression research
By Tess Sheets
February 7, 2022 at 8:05 a.m.
Vaccines have prevented 245,000 deaths in the U.S., models show
October 31, 2021 at 7:00 a.m.
Too hot to handle: What hotspots are and how cities deal with them
By Mark Mcgreal
Babies like baby talk. That's from a UCLA study. Now you know.
March 23, 2021 at 9:33 a.m.
Pandemic provided a crash course in science. What lessons have we learned?
March 18, 2021 at 1:19 p.m.
Free COVID-19 vaccines for all, says new CDC playbook


text:
Q: Persistence store in blackberry i am trying to save a simple string value "1".If i go back from one screen to another,its saving,but when i exit the app,and start again,i dont see that value being saved.I am implementing persistable interface.Can anyone suggest me where i am getting wrong
import net.rim.device.api.util.Persistable;
import net.rim.device.api.system.PersistentObject;
import net.rim.device.api.system.PersistentStore;
public class Persist implements Persistable {
    public static PersistentObject abc;
    public static String b;

    static {
          abc = PersistentStore.getPersistentObject(0xb92c8fe20b256b82L);
    }

    public static void data(){
        synchronized (abc) {
            abc.setContents(1+"");
            abc.commit();
         }
    }
    public static String getCurrQuestionNumber() {
        synchronized (abc) {
            System.out.println("new title is"+b);
            b= (String)abc.getContents();
            System.out.println("title is"+b);
            return b;
        }
    }
}

A: The code you posted is difficult to read in the form presented. I would suggest haveing a read of this RIM tutorial: Storing Persistent Data For BlackBerry SmartPhones.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Vologda lace is entirely handmade with wooden bobbins.
The traditional lace handicraft of the Russian North has survived many upheavals. From ornamentation on 19th century festive clothing to portraits of Soviet leaders, the famous Vologda lace is widely used by Russian designers. Even young ladies today want to learn how to make it!
Russian designers are returning to their roots. Anastasia Romantsova, Vyacheslav Zaitsev and Ulyana Sergeenko create haute couture "a la Rus" by placing traditional ornamental patterns, handmade embroidery, and folkloric silhouettes in a modern context.
Since Beyoncé appeared in her "Jealous" video wearing Sergeenko's lace cape, the fashion world has taken note of Vologda lace.
The ancient handiwork is not only returning to fashionistas' wardrobes, but it's also a popular hobby in its homeland - the Vologda Region, 300 miles north of Moscow.
The word "lace" (kruzhevo) means "to encircle" (okruzhat), to decorate the edge of a dress and other items. It has been a handicraft in Russia for over 300 years, made in different regions – Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, and Yelets. But Vologda lace has became a sort of calling card of Russia, and one of its most recognizable symbols.
A lacy shawl, Museum of Lace.
First, look at the pattern: It should be equal in width, usually with floral ornament and textured elements connected by a delicate lattice. The continuous line that stretches through the pattern is called vilushechka, and it's hard to produce. There are four elements that make up the lace: polotnyanka ("canvas"); pleteshok ("weave"); nasnovka (figures); and net. Not to mention the craftsman's fantasy!
The modern Vologda lace can be any color.
To design the pattern, a master needs an artistic education, and also should know the technology of weaving. Most colors are light: beige and white, but sometimes also black. If the future cloth is large, then the pattern can be separated between several craftsmen and then sown.
Second, Vologda lace is entirely handmade with wooden bobbins from special linen or cotton threads. If the future lace will decorate linen or other coarse cloth, then the pattern will also be large. From thin threads, masters weave thin ornaments and decorate them with silk cloth, for example.
Festive and everyday lace decorates tablecloths, napkins, cloaks, and wedding items. Traditionally, young women wore festive lacy shawls.
A vintage dress with lacy shawl, Museum of Lace.
Since the 1930s, Soviet themes have been widely used in traditional crafts. Needlewomen depicted parachutes, Kremlin stars, the Lenin Mausoleum, and the achievements of the Soviet agro-industrial complex. Of course, traditional patterns were also in favor.
Soviet motives, Museum of Lace.
Interesting fact: after World War II, the Soviet Union repaid the U.S. with lace goods for the military supplies received under the Lend-Lease program. The price for lace has always been high, so a cape or a shawl decorated with lace was a special gift.
The lacy Lenin Mausoleum, Museum of Lace.
In the 1930s, thousands of masters weaved lace in the Snezhinka lace factory. Today, the plant has only about 20 craftswomen.
The lacy Soviet napkin, Museum of Lace.
With the collapse of the Soviet Union, however, the production of Vologda lace declined, like many other industries. Only in the mid-2000s, did interest in this traditional handicraft return with the opening of the Museum of Lace in Vologda, which organizes lessons of lacework.
Natalya is doing a white-and-blue neck piece.
A woman who wants to weave must be patient and have perseverance, says Vereshchagina. "A woman comes to me, starts working and it's immediately clear whether it's her job or not. She needs to sit here for two hours and do home tasks. Some get involved in it so much that they can't live without it."
Craftswomen choose the bobbins themselves. Modern or vintage, they mostly are produced in the Vologda Region, and they differ not only in thickness and shape, but they're made from different trees. What's most important: each pair of bobbins has its own sound. The birch produces one sound, while the ash tree has another.
Vintage bobbins, Museum of Lace.
Why is this ringing sound so important? Beginners weave slowly, and move bobbins quietly. When they have more experience, they weave very quickly and the bobbins ring rather loudly. Many people say the sound of bobbins soothes the soul.
Marina is doing a lacy pattern decorated with beads.
Every three years in Vologda the VitaLace festival is held, and several hundred craftswomen from all over the world weave lace on the main city square. In 2011, a record was set for the largest lacework ever - 570 masters worked at the same time on Kremlin Square. The event was recorded in the Russian record book.
Vologda lace is good to weave during long winter evenings, Natalya said. "When I started, my daughter also wanted to learn, I sent her to the children's studio. Before I was not interested in this, but now, when I publish photos on social networks people write to me and comment that it's so beautiful. 'We want to learn it, too,' they say."


For use with the 5th Edition rules of the world's oldest Fantasy RPG.
The Gamemaster Codex is a concise compendium of useful tools to use during your game. Use these rules and tools to craft stories on the fly and help your games run faster! It is loaded with charts to create quick non-player characters with stat blocks, generate locations, determine loot such as treasure and magic items, and construct interesting combat encounters with no advanced preparation.


I'm still very excited for May to be over, but luckily that's happening soon. I don't even have to do anything to make it happen.
Aikido is going really well. My chiropractor fixed my knee, which had caused a variety of tight muscles. (That thing that I felt about 6-8 weeks ago, where something moved around my right knee? That was the head of my fibula moving out of alignment. I usually have no idea these things are even possible.) I'm teaching the basics class this Wednesday, and I'm shifting into training for my black belt. No word on when that might be, but I'm thinking December is more likely than September.
During Wednesday's class I got clocked in the right jaw muscle by my friend Erhard, who is taller than me and full of very dense, powerful muscles, which he uses when he loses focus and spazzes a little. Three-pound hand to the side of the face, so...ow. Still a little sore. He felt really bad about it, which is hopeful for it not happening again.
The hard part of my rakusu is done: these little squares called joro that get appliquéd on, and they can be a devil to keep straight and to get the little stitches in. (The stitching is much smaller than all the other stitching, and trickier because of the layers of fabric in place.) The remaining bits are a lot simpler.
I went to ride my motorcycle to Menlo Park this afternoon, and with my persistent neglect, the battery didn't have enough power to start the engine: it just made this pathetic clicking sound. After a brief failure at push-starting, I jumped it from my car, leaned it up against the house to let it run (as a safety measure, the engine stops if you put the kickstand down), put the car away, and went for a 10-minute ride to charge the battery. Poor thing. I'll have to ride it more often this summer, possibly out to my cousin's place near Yosemite, where there are lots of nice roads.
Kat and I see each other every few weeks, which on the whole seems to be a good frequency for us right now.
I've been spending lots of time with a nice girl from the dojo. Well, as much as possible, she has a little kid and she's busy. Our gears mesh pretty smoothly, though, which is nice.


Why a Civic Tech manifesto?
From city services to critical infrastructures, professional interactions to our most intimate social relations, our lives have become digitalised. Keeping up with the news feels like reading science fiction. At times, our cybernetic scenario even seems to outpace the dystopias we see on shows like Westworld or Black Mirror. As a result, new questions regarding the impact of algorithms, digital platforms, artificial intelligence, surveillance and security have taken center stage in both our public debates and our private concerns.
This has led to an increased demand for transparency and accountability in data processes, and an awareness of the need for alternatives. In Europe and around the world, citizens, civil society organisations and even corporations are pressuring institutions to subject data-intensive technologies to democratic accountability and building more responsible ways of doing tech. The most ambitious of these policies so far is the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which goes into force today. By restricting data sharing and emphasising ethical principles of data minimisation, purpose limitation, privacy by design and informed consent, GDPR constitutes a major step forward in prioritising digital rights, the interests of citizens and moving towards better accountability and better technology.
From Barcelona and Europe, we want to build on the momentum created by GDPR and increased public awareness of privacy, digital rights and technological bias to put forward a new way of doing tech that is based on the principles of accountability, trust, transparency, privacy and social cohesion.
Current definitions of civic tech focus primarily on the ability of information and communications technologies to improve public-private governance or e-government by facilitating more horizontal, egalitarian participation in public affairs.
The development of new technologies and technological processes must be oriented by collective interests. Our privacy, security, rights and freedoms must be its top priorities.
Principles and mechanisms shaping alternative and sustainable models of technology-based society need to be explored and defined. We want to promote this process and contribute to setting new standards that lead to increased trust between those defining, developing and implementing technology and those using them.
We believe that by providing a visible platform and promoting a civic tech ecosystem for all those committed to building better technologies, for those helping us understand how technology and data processes are impacting on our societies, and for those who strive to open the black-box society, we can give shape to a new approach to technology, innovation and data. By collectively establishing a clear set of principles and values to be embedded in technological processes and adopted by technology actors, we can begin to provide clear references to address the crucial question: what does it mean to do it well?
With this manifesto we want to call on all individuals and organisations sharing our concern for current technological dynamics to join us in promoting a secure, rights and values-based approach to technology.
We are surrounded by people who want to do things well. Engineers, mathematicians and physicists who understand that ethics, privacy and an understanding of the legal and social impact of their developments is crucial to building better tech -and are doing so.
Social scientists committed to using their knowledge and tools to grasp how technological processes are impacting in our societies and mitigating negative externalities. Non-profits that fight for digital rights day in and day out. Companies, large and small, that are seeking ways to build trust with their partners and citizens by improving their data practices. Funders who want to put their resources where their mouth is and contribute to this endeavor. We want to get them all together.
We have secured a great historical space in at the heart of the technology community in Barcelona, just footsteps from the sea. We will open our doors in October 2018 with 1,000 square meters of civic tech space that we can expand as we grow.We want to bring all these actors together, virtually and physically, to provide visibility to the narratives and practices that are emerging. We want to open up the tech agenda by co-creating socially desirable futures andfostering positive impact.
You can be an individual, a start-up, an established company or a research organization. What will determine your role in the community is a series of elements that relate to your intentions but also (and crucially!) to your practices. You may or may not be developing tech products, but if you do, they will need to adhere to a set of practices related to your mission, values, product and impact.
Would you like to join us physically at the Civic Tech Hub? Let us know!
Would you like to join us virtually providing expertise, ideas and practices? Great!


text:
<?php
namespace UserTest\Model\User;

use PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase;
use UserTest\Bootstrap;
use User\Model\User;
use User\Model\User\Gateway;
use Zend\EventManager\EventManager;
use Zend\ServiceManager\ServiceManager;
use Zend\EventManager\Event;
use Zend\EventManager\SharedEventManager;

class GatewayTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    /**
     * @var ServiceManager
     */
    protected $serviceManager;

    /**
     * @var array list of listeners
     */
    protected $listeners = [];

    public function setUp()
    {
        parent::setUp();
        if ($this->serviceManager === null) {
            $this->serviceManager = Bootstrap::getServiceManager();
            $this->serviceManager->setAllowOverride(true);
            $this->serviceManager->setFactory(
                'MongoDB',
                function ($service) {
                    $mongo    = $service->get('Mongo');
                    $database = $mongo->selectDb('ffs_unit_test');
                    return $database;
                }
            );

            $this->serviceManager->setAllowOverride(false);
        }

        $this->getUserCollection()->remove();

        $this->detach();
        $this->attach();
    }

    /**
     * @return \MongoCollection
     */
    protected function getUserCollection()
    {
        return $this->serviceManager->get('Mongo\UserCollection');
    }

    /**
     * @return UserGateway
     */
    protected function getUserGateway()
    {
        return $this->serviceManager->get('UserGateway');
    }

    /**
     * @return SharedEventManager
     */
    protected function getEventManager()
    {
        return $this->serviceManager->get('SharedEventManager');
    }

    protected function attach()
    {
        $this->listeners['saveUser.pre'] = $this->getEventManager()
            ->attach(
                'Account\Model\User',
                'saveUser.pre',
                function (Event $event) {
                    $event->stopPropagation(true);
                    return false;
                },
                1000
            );

        $this->listeners['saveUser.new'] = $this->getEventManager()
            ->attach(
                'Account\Model\User',
                'saveUser.new',
                function (Event $event) {
                    $event->stopPropagation(true);
                    return false;
                },
                1000
            );

        $this->listeners['saveUser'] = $this->getEventManager()
            ->attach(
                'Account\Model\User',
                'saveUser',
                function (Event $event) use (&$notTriggered) {
                    $event->stopPropagation(true);
                    return false;
                },
                1000
            );

        $this->listeners['saveUser.new.post'] = $this->getEventManager()
            ->attach(
                'Account\Model\User',
                'saveUser.new.post',
                function (Event $event) use (&$postTriggered) {
                    $event->stopPropagation(true);
                    return false;
                },
                1000
            );
    }

    public function detach()
    {
        foreach ($this->listeners as $listener) {
            $this->getEventManager()->detach($listener);
        }
    }

    public function testSaveUserWithOutAccount()
    {
        $this->getEventManager()->detach(
            'Account\Model\User',
            $this->listeners['saveUser.new']
        );

        $cursor = $this->getUserCollection()->find();
        $this->assertLessThan(1, $cursor->count());

        $user        = new User();
        $user->name  = 'chuck';
        $user->email = 'e1677031@rmqkr.net';

        $this->getUserGateway()->saveUser($user);
        $this->assertSame('superadmin', $user->role);

        $cursor = $this->getUserCollection()->find();
        $this->assertEquals(1, $cursor->count());
        $cursor->rewind();
        $array  = $cursor->current();

        $this->assertArrayHasKey('_id', $array);
        $this->assertArrayHasKey('name', $array);
        $this->assertArrayHasKey('email', $array);
        $this->assertArrayNotHasKey('status', $array);
        $this->assertArrayHasKey('active', $array);
        $this->assertArrayHasKey('primary', $array);
        $this->assertArrayHasKey('role', $array);
        $this->assertArrayHasKey('tempId', $array);

        $this->assertSame($user->id, $array['_id']);
        $this->assertSame($user->name, $array['name']);
        $this->assertSame($user->email, $array['email']);
        $this->assertSame($user->role, $array['role']);
        $this->assertTrue($array['active']);
        $this->assertFalse($array['primary']);
        $this->assertSame($user->tempId, $array['tempId']);

        $this->assertTrue($user->isNew());
    }

    public function testSaveUserDispatchesEventsWithNewUser()
    {
        $user        = new User();
        $user->name  = 'chuck';
        $user->email = 'e1677031@rmqkr.net';
        $user->role  = 'admin';

        $notTriggered  = true;
        $newTriggered  = false;
        $preTriggered  = false;
        $postTriggered = false;

        $this->getEventManager()->attach(
            'Account\Model\User',
            'saveUser.pre',
            function (Event $event) use (&$preTriggered) {
                $preTriggered = true;
            },
            1001
        );

        $this->getEventManager()->attach(
            'Account\Model\User',
            'saveUser.new',
            function (Event $event) use (&$newTriggered) {
                $newTriggered = true;
            },
            1001
        );

        $this->getEventManager()->attach(
            'Account\Model\User',
            'saveUser',
            function (Event $event) use (&$notTriggered) {
                $notTriggered = false;
            },
            1001
        );

        $this->getEventManager()->attach(
            'Account\Model\User',
            'saveUser.new.post',
            function (Event $event) use (&$postTriggered) {
                $postTriggered = true;
            },
            1001
        );

        $this->assertTrue($user->isNew());
        $this->getUserGateway()->saveUser($user);

        $this->assertTrue($preTriggered);
        $this->assertTrue($newTriggered);
        $this->assertTrue($postTriggered);
        $this->assertTrue($notTriggered);
    }

    public function testFetchUserReturnsUser()
    {
        $user        = new User();
        $user->name  = 'chuck';
        $user->email = 'e1677031@rmqkr.net';
        $user->role  = 'admin';
        $this->getUserGateway()->saveUser($user);

        $fetchedById = $this->getUserGateway()->fetchUser($user->id);
        $this->assertEquals($user->getArrayCopy(), $fetchedById->getArrayCopy());

        $fetchedByEmail = $this->getUserGateway()->fetchUserByEmail($user->email);
        $this->assertEquals($user->getArrayCopy(), $fetchedByEmail->getArrayCopy());

        $fetchedByTemp = $this->getUserGateway()->fetchUserByTempId($user->tempId);
        $this->assertEquals($user->getArrayCopy(), $fetchedByTemp->getArrayCopy());
    }

    public function testFetchUserThrowsExceptionWhenUserNotFound()
    {
        $current = $this->getUserCollection()->findOne();
        $this->assertNull($current);

        try {
            $this->getUserGateway()->fetchUser('foo');
        } catch (\Account\Exception $e) {
            $this->assertSame('Could not find user: foo', $e->getMessage());
            return;
        }

        $this->fail('Exception not thrown');
    }

    public function testFetchUserByEmailThrowsExceptionWhenUserNotFound()
    {
        $current = $this->getUserCollection()->findOne();
        $this->assertNull($current);

        try {
            $this->getUserGateway()->fetchUserByEmail('foo');
        } catch (\Account\Exception $e) {
            $this->assertSame('Could not find user: foo', $e->getMessage());
            return;
        }

        $this->fail('Exception not thrown');
    }

    public function testFetchUserByTempIdThrowsExceptionWhenUserNotFound()
    {
        $current = $this->getUserCollection()->findOne();
        $this->assertNull($current);

        try {
            $this->getUserGateway()->fetchUserByTempId('foo');
        } catch (\Account\Exception $e) {
            $this->assertSame('Could not find user: foo', $e->getMessage());
            return;
        }

        $this->fail('Exception not thrown');
    }

    public function testFetchUsersReturnsHydratingCursor()
    {
        $user        = new User();
        $user->name  = 'chuck';
        $user->email = 'e1677031@rmqkr.net';
        $user->role  = 'admin';

        $this->getUserGateway()->saveUser($user);

        $cursor = $this->getUserGateway()->fetchUsers();
        $this->assertInstanceOf('PhlyMongo\HydratingMongoCursor', $cursor);

        $this->assertEquals(1, $cursor->count());
        $cursor->rewind();
        $this->assertEquals($user->getArrayCopy(), $cursor->current()->getArrayCopy());
    }

    public function testDeleteUserThrowsExceptionWithEmptyId()
    {
        try {
            $this->getUserGateway()->deleteUser(new User());
        } catch (\Account\Exception $e) {
            $this->assertSame('Id is required to delete user', $e->getMessage());
            return ;
        }

        $this->fail('Exception was not thrown');
    }

    public function testSaveCreds()
    {
        $user        = new User();
        $user->name  = 'chuck';
        $user->email = 'e1677031@rmqkr.net';
        $user->role  = 'admin';
        $user->buildTempId();

        $this->getUserGateway()->saveUser($user);
        $record = $this->getUserCollection()->findOne();
        $this->assertArrayNotHasKey('password', $record);
        $this->assertArrayHasKey('tempId', $record);

        $user->password = 'lksdjfjio34912';
        $this->getUserGateway()->saveCreds($user);

        $record = $this->getUserCollection()->findOne();
        $this->assertArrayHasKey('password', $record);
        $this->assertArrayNotHasKey('tempId', $record);

        $this->assertNotSame($user->password, $record['password']);
    }

    public function testSaveCredsThrowsExceptionWhenMissingPassword()
    {
        $user        = new User();
        $user->name  = 'chuck';
        $user->email = 'e1677031@rmqkr.net';
        $user->role  = 'admin';

        try {
            $this->getUserGateway()->saveCreds($user);
        } catch (\Account\Exception $e) {
            $this->assertSame('Password is required for user', $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public function testSaveCredsThrowsExceptionWhenMissingId()
    {
        $user        = new User();
        $user->name  = 'chuck';
        $user->role  = 'admin';
        $user->password = 'lksdjfjio34912';

        try {
            $this->getUserGateway()->saveCreds($user);
        } catch (\Account\Exception $e) {
            $this->assertSame('Id is required for user', $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub