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N.Y.C.'S Five Points, America's First Toxic Industrial Ghetto
PART I of III
By: Tom Frascella March 2016
There is no community that has been identified more in art, literature and cinema with early 20th century Italian immigration than New York City's "little Italy" neighborhood on the lower East side of Manhattan. But in order to truly understand the development of this immigrant community it should be examined from the neighborhood's historical perspective. There were literally no Italians or Americans of Italian descent living in lower Manhattan until about 1850 when refugees from the failed 1848 republican uprisings began to arrive. However the beginnings of this community's history as part of the expanding New York City landscape really starts in the 1750's.
As the U.S. entered the 1750- 1800's time period the area that would become known first as the Five Points was primarily farmland and the site of what was called Collect Pond a major source of fresh drinking water for the city. In fact in the late 1700's the area was frequently used by New Yorkers as a picnic area in the summer and the pond was used for skating in the winter. In fact, John Fitch the Trenton based inventor of the first steam powered boat once demonstrated the craft on Collect Pond.
The early description of the area as farmland and pristine fresh spring water is far different than the way the area evolved over the course of the next 100 years. How this change came about and the conditions that greeted the early Italian immigrants in the 1850 and beyond is an important part of the Italian-American story. It is particularly important to the early Lucanian/San Felese immigration story as the Five Points section of New York was the location from which many began their U.S. residence in the 1850's and 1860's.
New York City's Five Points 1771-1825
The modern reader has to keep in mind that the New York City of 1771, just before the Revolution, was very different than what we see today. Although one of the largest "cities" in the pre-Revolution" United States, the city of New York had only an estimated population of 22,000 people in 1771. Post Revolution as the City grew in population it needed more land and resources to support its growing population and spreading boundaries. By 1790 New York City's population had grown to 33,000. While this is only a growth rate of 5,000 people per intervening decade this modest growth still presented challenges. We must remember that this was the age before steel high rise buildings, paved streets, public water and sewers or refrigeration.
Slowly and not surprisingly in the later 18th century small local industry began to locate in the area known as the Collect Pond at the lower end of Manhattan Island. This limited late 18th century industry and housing was attracted to the area by the access to the fresh water from the pond. The pond drained naturally by a creek to the west which emptied into the Hudson River and by a second creek to the east which eventually emptied into the East River. So in addition to fresh water, power for watermills could be relied upon and waste could be discharged into the creeks.
Among the early industries that located on the shores of the pond and creeks were tanneries, breweries, ropewalks, pottery factories and slaughterhouses. The waters of the pond and creeks quickly became polluted by highly toxic waste byproducts associated with the 18th century industries in the neighborhood. In addition, to the industrial waste the local community discharged both human/animal waste and garbage directly into the pond. By 1800, according to historians the pond had the stench of an open sewer and insects multiplying in the filth helped spread contagions to the resident population.
City officials by 1800 recognized the unhealthy conditions present in an area that was becoming increasingly important to the expanding dynamic of a city. A city that was already becoming a center of national commerce and a gateway to the U.S. from abroad. In just the decade 1790 thru 1800 New York City's population grew at a torrid rate from 33,000 to 61,000. Ideas, limited by the science and resources of the day, were discussed by City officials as to how to best improve conditions around the pond as well as how to secure a purer water source for the City. As early as 1800 these were recognized as critical issues for the anticipated surge growth and prevention of plague in what was becoming the U.S. largest city.
Unfortunately, the pressures on city officials due to rapid growth caused them to deal with the pond pollution problem in a manner that would prove to be fundamentally inadequate. Initially a plan was put forward to drain, clean and restore the pond to its original condition and to create a surrounding park. This would have insured that the area remain "eco" friendly, although it would not have been thought of that way back then. This plan was however abandoned in favor of a more expedient plan to build drainage canals to drain the pond. The drainage canals were to be located roughly where the creeks were. Once the pond was drained it was to be filled in. The city fathers thought that by eliminating the pond and filling it in valuable needed space to develop additional housing would be created.
The work of building canals to drain the pond and to fill in the pond site was begun in 1804 and completed in 1813. To demonstrate the intense growth pressure that was being felt, the City's population rose from 61,000 in 1800 to 96,000 by 1810. Again some poor engineering decisions were made on the project as it was built. Specifically, the polluted site was not cleansed of its toxic pollutants.
Instead the toxic sediment was simply covered over and filled in with a combination of soil, construction debris and city landfill waste. The fill material was also laid in a manner too loosely packed and poorly suited as a construction base. Nevertheless, when the pond was filled in construction quickly began on a "new" middle-class housing development which was quickly completed. I want to point out that although New York City was growing rapidly at the time that the community's first major housing development, this development was not an "immigrant" intended project. They built what was "middle-class houses" expecting middle-class American purchasers.
Within a decade, by the 1820's, the problems that the poor engineering had created began to be obvious to the new residents of the community. The two most noticeable problems were the strong methane odor rising up from the soil as materials used to fill in the pond decayed. This alone created an unpleasant environment and suggested that a decaying process was at work. In addition, the loosely packed soil that the houses were built on began to settle and sink causing many of the newly constructed middle-class houses to collapse or badly lean. The settling and sinking of the land also caused the area's streets to depress and reform a basin where rain water gathered rather than drained. Once again the area was subject to insect infestation and insect borne disease. In addition the dirt streets were always wet and muddy. So by the 1820's although this was a "new" neighborhood in terms of age, the community presented as an unhealthy and dilapidated environment, one which was no longer attractive to middle-class families.
Thousands of people who had invested their life savings in the new housing construction suddenly found that conditions made those houses unhealthy for their families to live in and of little marketable resale value. Unable to sell or to resell at a return on their investment the owners looked for other ways to recoup their investment. Fortunately for these investors the City's continued rapid growth provided opportunity. From 1810 thru 1830 the population of New York City rose from 96,000 to 202,000. New York had in fact become a major U.S. population center. As part of that growth, European refugees who sought new opportunities following the Napoleonic wars began arriving especially from Germany. These combined with increasing numbers of rural Americans also seeking job opportunities to form a large base of unemployed/underemployed newly arrived New Yorkers.
Investors in the Collect Pond area found a housing market for the depressed area by converting the structurally unsound housing into makeshift multi-unit tenements. No one but the City's poorest residents wanted to live there but between rural poor migrating to the City and newly arriving immigrate poor there were plenty of people who sought shelter there. Of course the rapid increase of newly arriving urban poor compounded all of the former environmental problems associated with the area. Increased demand for sanitation simply compounded the ill effects of poor waste management. Drainage and dumping once again began to clog and pollute the canals that had replaced the creeks. Once again the neighborhood became highly toxic and soon was recording the highest adult and infant mortality rates, three to five times that of other sections of New York. I should also point out three to five times higher than any neighborhood in any American city of the time.
It was during the 1820-1840 period that the community became known as the Five Points, for the intersection of streets within. It was also during this time that the community took on its seedy, wretched public persona, and gradually was occupied the people representing the lowest rung of U.S. urban society whether American born working poor or foreign born new arrivals. It was in effect a melting pot of disadvantage.
To be clear however up until about 1840 the community's population majority were American born poor. So the culture of the original Five Points was that of a poor "American" community. Those that visited the area would have viewed activities consistent with other poor urban American neighborhoods and dock areas.
The most distinguishing features of this community was not foreign culture but excessive crowding, filth and health issues. Most of the residents were "working" poor and decent people looking to survive and possibly improve their lot. However, the neighborhood was an environment that also attracted all of the vices that more "gentile" areas shunned. Gambling, drinking, prostitution, drugs, petty thievery, violence and local police and fire safety corruption abounded.
Not surprising, people in the community who were able to accumulate financial resources usually exited the community as quickly as possible. This provided for a revolving community dynamic. In the 1840's a unique event, to that point, in U.S. immigration occurred. An unprecedented mass migration of individuals fleeing the so-called "Irish Potato Famine" began to register at American ports of entry. The U.S. experienced for the first time hundreds of thousands of immigrants arriving over a very short time. The country was ill prepared to absorb the numbers and many of those arriving had little or no resources to fall back on when they arrived. During this time many of those arriving were in poor health from years of under nourishment. British authorities in Ireland also frequently emptied their debtor prisons and orphanages and shipped people over wholesale. Often this was done without regard for keeping families intact. Many of these new arriving immigrants had little choice but to seek out the poorest neighborhoods including the Five Points and the community population again swelled. However for the first time the community's majority dynamic began to shift to foreign born mostly Irish.
As a result In the mid-1830's thru mid-1840's as the Irish immigration accelerated and more Irish and other immigrants found their way to the Five Points a clash between the American born poor and the newly arriving majority Irish developed. The two groups of course were competing for survival at the edges of the American society of the day. To be noted it was an environment with little or nothing of a social net for those who were most vulnerable, so in many ways the competition was life and death. Social programs and support groups were at a primitive stage in the America of the mid-19th century.
Some of the conflict within the Five Points during the Irish immigrant influx acquired vestiges of more ancient European conflicts, such as the political conflicts between English society and Irish nationalism. Some of the conflict was religious inspired, Protestant vs. Catholic and of course some was ethnic/racial. However, it might have been characterized, the conflict was mainly economic/political in nature within the community. Some of the local conflict reflected a larger political conflict as the anti-immigration issue grew nationally. That national reflection although fundamentally economic/political in form gave rise to the American Nativist movement. Gang based violence and intimidation became more prevalent at the political, social and economic level in New York and other Cities in the U.S. as well.
I have written in previous articles about some of the Nativist inspired riots in New York and Philadelphia so I will not go into it again here. But it was a dangerous time in American politics and in the developing American culture. Essentially, America was confronted for the first time with how it would develop as a nation and whether it would embrace and absorb diversity of ethnic/racial populations. Significant gang/mob violence loosely connected to local and national politics were a norm not an exception. But something unique in the dialogue which would develop regarding this clash at the lowest end of American society did begin during this period.
That conversation or dialogue, in my opinion had its origins in London slums, not the U.S. The nature of the social conversation of the time like many of the Irish immigrants who arrived in the 1830's thru 1860's were British Isle imports reinvented on to the American stage. Some of the dialogue regarding race, morality, and religion regarding immigrants was then recycled and adapted to immigrating Irish and then to other ethnic groups as later waves poured into the U.S. In the highly publicized, and publicly exposed Five Points, eventually Italians and Italian Americans replaced upwardly mobile Irish immigrants. By the 1880's Italians and Italian-American cultural manifestations were the next in line after the Irish to inhabit and dominate the community. As such many of the stereotypes associated and targeted at Italians were inherited from characterizations applied first to other ethnic groups especially the Irish. Even the political/social/economic media talk both good and bad but seldom accurate was largely a shift from previous stereotypes applied to earlier ethnic arrivals. As such it is therefore useful to look at how certain views of immigrants became engrained through the press/media of the day.
The Influence of English Social Thought
England industrialized at least a century before the U.S. and in the later stages of colonial America as well as the early U.S history England closely guarded its industrial secrets. London, the Capitol of Great Britain, therefore was a major European City and industrial city long before any American "cities" of size even came into being. To compare London and New York using the pre-Revolution date of 1771 for example we have London's population at approximately 1,100,000 as opposed to New York at 22,000.
London had a relatively stagnant population pre-industrialization, of about 500,000 from 1675-1725. A number of factors contributed to a relatively slow growth over these 50 years. Among those factors were English tendencies of the time for marrying later in life, having fewer children, low illegitimacy rates and high infant mortality and of course high levels of rural labor needed which kept people on the farms. As the British Empire expanded and massive international trade and manufacture occurred a very affluent Upper-class arose. This new wealthy class expanded and demanded quality goods and services. One of the effects of this was a need for more cheap domestic labor than the city's population could initially supply. This would result in the doubling of London's population through migration to the city.
London's population grew to over a million people in just fifty years. But the majority of people increasing the population and filling in the labor needs were not native to London but rather, at first, migrants from rural England. So at first London's low income/working poor neighborhoods were populated by English migrants from farming communities. This was much like the original poor of the Five Points but on a much larger scale.
Toward the latter half of the 1725-1775 population expansion additional migrants began seeking employment opportunities in London from other parts of rural Great Britain, specifically Scotland, Wales and Ireland. By the mid 1770's with a population of over one million all of the social problems that you would expect to find in very poor, poorly planned, highly polluted, densely packed urban setting were rampant in the poorer quarters of the great city of London.
In addition to the expected density problems these latter migrants from the more distant and distinct cultures of Great Britain gave native Londoners a sense that the poor communities were "foreign". This lead to undercurrents of both fear resentment and political stress..
The other interesting element of the migration was that the city's population, especially in the poorest neighborhoods was primarily made up of young people in the 14-30 age group. It was a dynamic population which did not have the traditional generational structure that more staid communities did.
As significant as the above change was in the social fabric of the English Capitol those changes, already viewed as mostly negative by the middle and upper class of English society were greatly compounded by the growth associated with the next fifty year period of 1775-1825. It was during the next 50 year period that London tripled in size and grew to be a city with a population of over 3,000,000.
Again, London's growth depended on migration from elsewhere. However, instead of just migration from the British Isles a significant number of those arriving came from the far flung corners of the British global Empire as well as political refugees from many parts of Europe. Parts of London took on the characteristics of "international" communities complete with varied, languages, cultures, customs and religions foods and ethics.
The Multi-culturalism of these expanding poor London neighborhoods became layered on top of the general social friction, vices, disease and chronic underemployment associated with the abject poverty, poor housing conditions and pollution which overwhelmed the sanitation capacity of the neighborhoods.
Again, especially in these poor ghettoes the 1775-1825 expansion of the population to three million was middle loaded with people in the 14-30 age range. Interestingly, based on statistics of the day during this period about 50% of Londoners had been born elsewhere and 55-60% of the population were young mostly single women. This was also the period which saw a dramatic shift in "family" values within the poorer communities. Couples that married, married earlier than the previous period. Many couples failed to marry at all. There was a dramatic increase in births in these poor neighborhoods with close to equal numbers born in wedlock as without.
To their credit, London's ruling society did recognize the dangers of disease, especially plague that the pollution, poor sanitation and absence of clean drinking water poised. Aggressive measures to engineer solutions were undertaken and given the time and understanding of medical causes and effect were remarkably successful from an engineering perspective. In fact by about 1825 London planners had succeeded in lowering the mortality rate in these ghettoes to about that which was average for the countrywide society as a whole.
Interestingly, many of these same civic leaders in the community also viewed the other problems of the ghettoes, crime, illegitimacy, illiteracy, prostitution, gambling, drug use, violence and lack of Christian/Protestant religious affiliation as symptoms of social disease. They considered the poor as "infected" with these "social" diseases which in turn could be resolved with appropriate social engineering of various sorts just as physical engineering could overcome the sanitation and pollution problems.
This brought on a host of English social reformers, religious "do-gooders", and wealthy paternalistic social elites. While many maybe even most of the "reformers" acted with good intentions their ardent association with either religion or social privilege skewered their understanding of the problems they faced. The poor began to be looked upon, as chronically poor either through no fault of their own as an accident of birth or by genetic inferiority. Paternalistically the poor were considered an immoral lot that needed to be "saved". With this as the social backdrop the character of the poor began to be shaped in the public consciousness of early 19th century London.
The media helped play a major part in shaping of how the upper social classes viewed these lower class neighborhoods and its people. Among the most powerful of created images were those that came from the pen of Charles Dickens. So powerful were these that those images and character types are repeated even today. But Dickins writings were just a small part of the greater media blitz aimed at creating a image of the poor and a pathway of dealing with the social problems.
As early solutions to the social problems of poor neighborhoods we see in the London reformers the beginnings of religious based "soup" kitchens to feed the poor coupled with required instruction as to scripture. Orphanages and juvenile homes and shelters were set up often with training for industrial level work but also heavily religiously based. In addition some effort by the authorities to stem the widespread vices of drinking, drugs, gambling and prostitution occurred again this was often in response to protests from various religious based reformers to the immorality of the poor.
This then became the early social model for how to deal with the collateral damage and spillage from industrialization and rapid urban development. Not surprisingly much of this social "thought" was imported as the U.S. grew and industrialized somewhat later in the century. Religious based reformers following the British model began to appear in the early to mid-19th century northeast urban U.S. landscape.
Drawing of cast off children in Victorian Industrial London
New York's Five Points 1825-1850
The Five Points area of the lower east side of Manhattan was by its proximity to the center of New York City, the financial and immigration hub of the early U.S., ideally placed as a sort of social petri dish for early 19th century American social "reformers". By 1825 the city had grown tenfold in population in just fifty years. Initially, the area of the Five Points was made up of American born middle-class who because of environmental issues quickly began to abandon the area. These initial inhabitants were replaced by working but underemployed poor primarily American born residents housed in ever increasing poorly maintained tenement housing. A description of the housing may be of use to the modern reader and fairly accurate of what newly arriving immigrants, at first Irish but later Italian found as housing in the Five Points. It should also be noted that many of the early Irish immigrants and Italian immigrants that followed were not urban dwellers in their native countries. So in addition to everything else they had never experienced this type of living condition before their arrival in America. Tenement housing was described;
"Usually such a building contained a narrow hall opening from a street or court; on each floor, including the cellar, two suits of rooms opened into the hall. Front and rear rooms of the building contained windows, but the bedrooms and closets in the middle were dark. In most cases, there was another tenement in the back yard, frequently altogether enclosed and accessible only through an alley.
Alongside these buildings and in the yards were many, little irregular frame structures, some in dilapidated condition, serving partly as sheds and partly as homes for the overflow of the tenements. Such haphazard combinations of front and rear buildings on the same lot created an intricate array of rear courtsand alleys, notoriously dark, foul-smelling, and encumbered with accumulations of filth." Robert Ernst, Immigrant Life in New York 1825-1863.
As the community's population became increasing composed of the poorest of the city's residents the problems of systemic poverty grew. This was only compounded in the decade of 1830-1840.
The decade 1830-1840 saw the overall population of New York City grow from 200,000 to 300,000. Many of these new arrivals to the city were foreign born. Many of those arrived with little or no money. The poorest of these new arrivals together with many of the most disenfranchised native born Americans gathered in the overcrowded tenements in the Five Point area. This gave the area an interesting and unique American urban ethnic composition. The area, predominantly poor American born and white, began to see an influx of poor free and escaped slaves, as well as initially German and later Irish immigrants. In essence it became a prime and conveniently located example of the "melting pot" urban landscape that was a familiar and much written about feature throughout the rest of the 19th and early 20th century.
One of the features of an extremely poor, urban community with very limited access to social resources is high crime. Crime was an issue in the Five Points and surrounding depressed areas even when the areas were predominantly white and American born. As other very poor ethnic groups began arriving in the area they were frequently victimized by the already established poor American born community. Resentments and clashes naturally appeared. In the Five Points this clash was occurring at the same time as greater anti-immigration feelings were being stirred up. Some of the anti-immigration sentiment was economic, as people at the lowest rung on the economic ladder competed. Some of the anti-immigrant sentiment was religious, as many of the newly arriving German and Irish immigrants of the 1820's and 1830 were Catholic. Some of the anti-immigration sentiment was ethno/racial as many of the immigrants were considered non-white, even the Irish and to a lesser extent the Germans. But I would be remiss not to mention that some of the anti-immigration sentiment had its roots in fear that the existing political balances would be shifted by the large number of "foreigners" arriving.
At the top of the political food chain, this anti-immigration sentiment gave rise to the so-called Nativist movement of the 1830-1850's. This was a powerful national movement which at its peak could elect 60-80 Congressman. At the more local political level control of the immigrant vote often was attempted initially by gangs of thugs and petty criminals who found lucrative employment and at times political protection by delivering or quashing votes during elections.
Of course there was resentment and resistance to this form of intimidation within the immigrant areas such as Five Points. Not surprisingly, as the number of Irish immigrants began to swell, they slowly began to represent the "new" majority. This rising new majority began to push back, by forming their own "gangs at first for protection but later for "territorial" and political control.
One of the earliest of the "Irish" gangs in the Five Points was the "Forty Thieves" gang which operated in the Five Points from roughly 1820 thru the 1850's. In addition there were other Irish based gangs such as the "Bowery Boys", the "Dead Rabbits" and the "Roach Guards". Something of the clashes between Nativist and Irish gangs in the Five Points is the depicted in the film "The Gangs of New York. Although this movie does show some of the early political connections between the gangs and local politicians it is actually set about two decades too late to be historically accurate. By the mid 1840's because of the enormous numbers of Irish immigrating, the Five Points was already being dominated by poor Irish displacing the poorer American born Nativists.
The alarms set off by the rising tide of immigrants especially poor Irish/Catholic immigrants also provided fodder for "reformers" and "moralists". They began to focus their attention in the Five Points in an attempt at external social engineering. Again the models employed in London served multiple American agendas not all of which were intended to benefit immigrants. As an example the Irish gangs of the Five Points with their colorful names served as useful stereotype characters ripe to be exploited by the American media of the day. These characters were then used to flame anti-immigrant sentiment. Charles Dickins himself was brought to the Five Points on a visit to the U.S. in 1842 and he was more than willing to compare the area to the slums and characters of his fictions. His comments on what he found at the Five Points was less than flattering of the inhabitants and largely misses the real issues at play. As an example of what he found in terms of the tenements he wrote in his book "American Notes"
"Poverty, wretchedness, vice, are rife enough where we are going now. This is the place: these narrow ways, diverging to the right and left, and reeking everywhere with dirt and filth…
As to the character of the inhabitants he fluidly mixes in his descriptions the physical conditions to the moral condition of the people as if inseparable;
"Debauchery has made very houses prematurely old. See how the rotten beams are tumbling down, and how the patched and broken windows seem to scowl dimly, like eyes that have been hurt in drunken frays…
Later on he wrote;
"So far, nearly every house is a low tavern; and on the bar-room walls are colored prints of Washington and Queen Victoria of England, and the American eagle….
What place is this, to which the squalid street conducts us? A kind of square of leprous houses, some of which are attainable only by crazy wooden stairs without. What lies beyond this tottering flight of steps, that creak beneath our tread? A miserable room, lighted by one dim candle, and destitute of all comfort, save that which may be hidden in wretched bed. Beside it, sits a man, his elbows on his knees, his forehead hidden in his hands…"
The 1820's onward saw a rise in American "social" reform efforts, anti-slavery, Temperance, anti-prostitution, etc. Many of these efforts were at least in part organized around or supported by various progressive religious based groups. While reform efforts existed in the Five Points prior to the 1840's the efforts intensified at the about the same time that immigration, especially Irish immigration during the "potato famine" began to intensify.
Among the more influential religious ministers that took up activities or can be connected to the Five Points in the 1840's were Methodist minister Lewis Pease and Catholic priest John Hughes. Morality issues became somewhat highlighted during this Victorian age reform movement. Especially as in parts of London up to sixty per cent of immigrating Irish to the Five Points were young unmarried women.
By 1850 patterns of U.S. treatment and perceptions regarding immigrants began to emerge. How some of this reflected on the 1850's Italian immigrant to the area will be discussed in the second Part of this article.
© San Felese Society of New Jersey


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Home » Marshall Announces Apprenticeship Partnership with Bombardier
Marshall Announces Apprenticeship Partnership with Bombardier
Marshall Skills Academy has announced plans to partner with business jet aviation specialist Bombardier to deliver its Level 3, Aircraft Maintenance Engineering Apprenticeship from September 2022.
This will be the first time that aviation training specialist Marshall Skills Academy, which rebranded at the start of 2022 to better reflect its core focus and expertise, has delivered an apprenticeship provision externally, building on a proud 100-year history of providing its own award-winning apprenticeship programs.
The new cohort of Bombardier Level 3 apprentices will complete their first year in Marshall's workshop in Cambridge before returning to the aircraft manufacturer's Biggin Hill site, where they will be given day release to continue with their studies.
Marshall Skills Academy will provide continuous on-site learning and assessment at Biggin Hill along with dedicated support to the wider Bombardier team to enable them to develop and grow the apprentices within their workplace.
Marshall Skills Academy's head of Aviation Excellence Matt Siggens, himself a former Marshall apprentice, explains: "The Marshall Apprenticeship program has long been acknowledged as setting the gold standard in the industry and I am incredibly proud and excited to working with the Bombardier team at Biggin Hill to help them grow the next generation of aviation engineers. The decision to extend our Aviation Apprenticeship offering beyond those that we need for our own aerospace businesses will enable us to partner with more like-minded organizations to develop a robust pipeline of talent for the future."
"We are very happy to be working with Marshall Skills Academy on this critical program to develop future generations of aircraft technicians," said Paul Thompson, general manager of Bombardier's Biggin Hill Service Center. "This world-class facility will provide a solid training ground for our apprentices in a technologically advanced workplace environment – with the possibility for full-time employment at the facility upon graduation."
Commenting on the partnership with Bombardier, Dan Edwards, general manager of Marshall Skills Academy said, "There is a growing concern across the aviation sector over the massive skills gap in competent aircraft maintenance professionals. Marshall Skills Academy is proud to be involved with doing its part to close that gap so that the world's fleet of aircraft can continue to fly safely."
Edwards continued, "It is also an exciting time for the business as we have started working more collaboratively with industry professionals to help them solve their biggest challenges by delivering the world-class training that puts Marshall apprentices above and beyond the competition. As we move towards blending traditional delivery methods with technical learning, we aim to build strong collaborative relationships with future customers rather than transactional ones. Therefore, Marshall Skills Academy's holistic approach to apprentice training, support and wellbeing is truly unique."
Marshall Skills Academy is working with Bombardier to support their recruitment efforts to onboard up to 20 new apprentices in 2022.

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The Kosovo conundrum
The world has seen far more handshakes and meetings between Pristina and Belgrade than in the first years after the conflict. Is all this to be put at risk by Clint Williamson's part-endorsement of the Marty report?
Denis MacShane
Kosovo's PM Thaci in dialogue with Serbia: "A lot remains to be done". Theo Schneider/Demotix. All rights reserved.
There is a puzzle over the report published by Clint Williamson, the US diplomat appointed in 2011 to investigate the allegations made by a Swiss politician, Dick Marty, in a Council of Europe report on crimes committed by elements of the Kosovan Liberation Army in the 1998-99 independence war.
There is no disputing that atrocious acts of violence took place. Visit Muslim Albanian cemeteries in Kosovo and you will see gravestones with scores of different dates but the date of death is always identical. It is the day the Milosevic militia came to terrorise the Albanian population. For years Kosovo had tried to win its acceptance like Croatia, or Slovenia, or Macedonia as a small nation born out of the dissolution of the Yugoslav federal republic.
Begrade refused to deal with the peaceful political movement led by Ibrahim Rugova and as so often happens, younger, angrier activists turned to violence in the face of Serb obduracy. They formed the Kosovan Liberation Army. Its chief political leader was a young exiled student from Switzerland, Hashim Thaci. The war intensified in brutality until finally the democracies were forced to intervene and the Serbs lost control of Kosovo. Thaci was 30 years old and was the smooth, diplomatic, moderate face of the KLA in the negotiations in the winter of 1999 with the west to try and stop the violence.
Since then there have been accusations and counter-accusations. The most lurid was in a report published by the extreme anti-American and anti-Nato Swiss politician, Dick Marty, who was a Swiss Council of Europe delegate. He has now retired. Under its headline on "Kosovo PM is head of human organ and arms ring, Council of Europe reports" the Guardian depicted Thaci as a monster:
"Kosovo's prime minister is the head of a "mafia-like" Albanian group responsible for smuggling weapons, drugs and human organs through eastern Europe, according to a Council of Europe inquiry report on organised crime."
People who knew Thaci and respected his patient determined efforts to bring his country to a European future were shocked and dismayed.
But the more the Council of Europe report was examined the more no-one could find evidence to back the lurid claims accusing Thaci. Sir Geoffrey Nice QC, who prosecuted Milosevic at the Hague tribunal, wrote an angry article in the London Review of Books pointing out that the Council of Europe contained alleged evidence from a witness who did not exist. He asked if behind its publication from a Council of Europe parliamentary assembly where Russia played a leading role lay a political motive to stop Kosovo's bid to be accepted as an independent state.
Now the US diplomat Clint Williamson has produced a report which may be a part-endorsement of the Marty allegations. It has nothing to say about the headlines accusing Thaci of being an organ smuggler during the conflict. But Williamson in rather odd interviews, notably on the BBC World Tonight programme, hints that he could, but doesn't want to, say more.
Certainly some KLA people, as is the norm with all so called 'liberation' struggles, turned the struggle into a profit-lining racket. You only have to look at how the IRA, FARC, the ANC, Hamas, Fatah and other groups convert transactions in the freedom struggle into a money spinner for criminals who latch on.
There were also terrible atrocities committed. These were reported at the time, have been documented and recorded in all reports from the Marty one to the latest.
There is general agreement that those responsible for these crimes should be brought to justice. There is a paradox that in Britain we decided to forget and ignore murders, and torture committed by IRA killers in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the men who oversaw these atrocities now hold government posts. Others sentenced to long terms of imprisonment have been let out.
The price of securing peace was judged to be worth more than ensuring justice was done to the nth degree for the victims of IRA torture, disappearances and killings.
The hate unleashed by the Serb attacks on innocent Kosovan Albanians was as bad as anything seen in the épuration in France in 1944-45, in Algeria either before or after independence in 1982 or any number of conflicts in Asia, Africa or Latin America in recent times.
Kosovo meanwhile is stable and peaceful. There was an election in June in which Hashim Thaci's PDK party emerged as the biggest party but without a working majority. Now his opponents are trying to put together a heterogeneous coalition with Ramush Haradinaj as prime minister.
Haradinai was also a KLA leader and his memoir of the war with a front cover showing him as a guerrilla leader is an important text. He was briefly prime minister in 2005 and was indicted by the Hague Tribunal for crime committed in 1998/99. As Europe Minister for the UK I urged him to go to the Hague where the charges were thrown out.
After the Williamson report, a Serb woman on the BBC World Tonight whose brother disappeared in the conflict 15 years ago complained that whereas the Serb brutes accused of atrocities had been sent to the Hague, the Kosovan killers had not. This is not true. Harardin Bula of the KLA is serving 13 years for killing Serbs. The Kosovan war was short and intense, unlike the wars further north, notably in Bosnia which has produced the largest number of Serb indictees and convictions.
But this burning sense in Belgrade that the Kosovans have been let off lightly remains strong and since everyone in the international community tends to be parti pris the idea that politics and retribution are not part of the process of inquiries is far-fetched.
Meanwhile Kosovo has a rather boring political stalemate as the parties jostle to form a government. Rather like Belgian or Dutch politics where the country can take months or more than a year to shape a government, the Kosovans are getting used to the muddle and difficulties of European democratic electoral politics.
Serbs account for only 1.5 per cent of the total Kosovan population but have 9 members (7.5 per cent) in the 120 strong parliament. Thaci's peace overtures to Belgrade have been encouraged by the EU's High Representative, Catherine Ashton, and the world has seen far more handshakes and meetings between Pristina and Belgrade than in the first years after the conflict.
Is all this put at risk by Williamson's part- endorsement of the Marty report? The US diplomat did not confirm the Marty headlines about Thaci and organ trafficking but neither would be rule them out.
He returns now to America with mission only partly accomplished, It will be up to his successor to decide on indictments and then a court jointly based in the Hague and Kosovo will hold trials.
So 15 years after the fighting stopped and Kosovo could embark on its twisting road to being a small European state – about the same size as Baltic nations – the search for justice and final definitive accountability for what happened in the dark summer and autumn of 1998 and winter and spring of 1999 goes on and on.
Quelle: openDemocracy (https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/denis-macshane/kosovo-conundrum)
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text:
Q: Distill package.json's dependencies to top-level dependencies only After I ejected from create-react-app, I was left with a zoo of dependencies inside of package.json. Is there a npm command or something else that would help me distill the dependencies down and get rid of any package mentions that are only dependencies of some other package. For example, if package.json looks like
package.json
{
  "name": "mypackage",
...
  ],
  "dependencies": {
    "A": "1",
    "B": "1",
    "C": "1",
...
}

and both A and B depend on C and I don't care to specify C's version, is there a command to simply remove C from package.json and thus clean up this file?

A: npm prune should do the job
http://doc.codingdict.com/npm-ref/cli/prune.html
From the docs:

This command removes "extraneous" packages. If a package name is
provided, then only packages matching one of the supplied names are
removed.
Extraneous packages are packages that are not listed on the parent
package's dependencies list.
If the --production flag is specified or the NODE_ENV environment
variable is set to production, this command will remove the packages
specified in your devDependencies. Setting --no-production will negate
NODE_ENV being set to production.
If the --dry-run flag is used then no changes will actually be made.
If the --json flag is used then the changes npm prune made (or would
have made with --dry-run) are printed as a JSON object.
In normal operation with package-locks enabled, extraneous modules are
pruned automatically when modules are installed and you'll only need
this command with the --production flag.
If you've disabled package-locks then extraneous modules will not be
removed and it's up to you to run npm prune from time-to-time to
remove them.

A: You can delete it manually or use npm uninstall dependency name to delete it

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text:
Trade Apprenticeship Changes In 2017
An electricians' guide to insurance
Steps To Consider When Setting Up As A Lone Tradesman
Why Every Small Business Needs A Social Media Presence
Home Blogs New Covid Support Measures Announced
New Covid Support Measures Announced
By Charlotte Houghton -
There has been much anticipation as to how the government plans to support businesses and furloughed workers when the job retention scheme ends. 721,000 construction workers were in furlough during the peak of the scheme, with claims adding up to £3.2bn by the end of July.
With tighter restrictions once again back in place, there seems no end to the uncertainty that self-employed and small business owners face. However, today the Chancellor Rishi Sunak has announced a new package of measures to support businesses throughout the winter.
Job Support Scheme
The Job Support Scheme will support the wages of people in work, giving businesses who face a quieter winter season the option of keeping employees in work, but on shorter hours. The government, together with employers, will increase employee's wages covering two thirds of the pay they have lost by reducing their working hours.
Running November to April, all small and medium sized businesses are eligible to apply, even if they have not previously used the furlough scheme. Businesses retaining furloughed staff on shorter hours can claim both the Jobs Support Scheme and the Jobs Retention Bonus, increasing the incentive to bring back workers.
Self-Employment Income Support Scheme
Figures show that the 693,000 claims worth over £2 billion were made in the construction industry from the Self-Employment Income Support grants. This will now be extended on similar terms and conditions as the new Jobs Support Scheme.
Self-assessed income tax payers will also be able to extend their outstanding tax bill over 12 months from January.
However, as yet there has been no mention of whether those excluded from the original measures will be taken into account.
Government Backed Loans
The Bounce Back Loans scheme has paid out £38 billion to over a million small businesses. Pay As You Grow means that loans can be extended from six to ten years, nearly halving the average monthly repayment.
If businesses are struggling they also have the option to either make interest only payments or suspend repayments altogether for up to six months.
Applications for the government backed loans have also been extended to the end of the year and there is word of a successor loan programme which is set to begin in January.
VAT Deferral
Nearly half a million businesses deferred more than £30 billion of VAT this year. The VAT Deferral Scheme will allow businesses to spread their VAT bill over 11 monthly repayments, with no interest to pay.
In addition to this, more than 150,000 businesses in the hospitality and tourism sector will avoid planned VAT increases, as the lower 5% VAT rate is continued until March 31st 2021.
With new restrictions once again placing pressure on small businesses, these latest round of support measures aims to ensure millions of businesses and workers can remain active and in employment during the harsher winter trading period.
At constructaquote.com we have 30 years' experience in helping customers get their insurance sorted. For a great service and a competitive quote, speak to our team today on 08081 68 68 68 or start the online quote process now.
Charlotte Houghton


text:
1 Dead, 3 Hurt In Suspicious Explosion At Southern California Office Complex
Published May 15, 2018 at 11:58 PM PDT
This image taken from cellphone video shows a building after a fatal explosion in Aliso Viejo, Calif., on Tuesday. The cause of the blast is being investigated.
An explosion at a medical office building early Tuesday afternoon in Southern California killed at least one person and seriously wounded three othersm, and reportedly is being investigated as possibly intentional.
The Los Angeles Times quotes authorities as saying the explosion in the city of Aliso Viejo is suspicious and The Associated Press says authorities believe it may have been caused by a package bomb.
The blast blew out walls and an entire bottom floor of the building.
"There was one part of the building that was destroyed, like really destroyed," Andrew Dyjak, the owner of a massage business in the building, told the Times. "No windows, glass, and we noticed a small fire."
Danielle Karson, reporting for NPR from Pasadena, Calif., says the law enforcement response to the explosion was "massive."
"There were police and fire officials from Orange County; the FBI; ATF and Homeland Security," Karson says.
Paul Delacourt, the assistant director in charge of the FBI's field office in Los Angeles, described the explosion site as a "crime scene," but did not elaborate, according to the AP.
Orange County Sheriff's Cmdr. Dave Sawyer said the size of the explosion made it suspicious, but he cautioned against drawing any conclusions about the blast this early in the investigation.
"We cannot say exclusively this explosion was intentional," Sawyer said.
"We have not found any type of specific device inside of the building right now that would tell us or lead us to exactly what the device was — if there was a device," he said.
A sheriff's spokeswoman, Carrie Braun, added: "We're trying to determine if a vehicle was involved or if it was an accident or inside the building."


1. How did you make your way into the acting field? Did you ever take any acting classes?
Never took acting classes, it was just through a first attempt where I got recommended and was made an offer to work to which I agreed and that was my golden opportunity to enter the field of media.
2. Your working stints in every drama simply just an amazing. So how this natural acting comes out from you?
3. Do you think training is important, or is a raw talent good enough?
Again, I'd say it purely depends, there are many people who acquire training and then do a great job but then there are many people who genuinely are passionate about acting and it all comes naturally to them. But still I'd like to add a point, that if one is given an opportunity we should accept the training as it can polish and enhance our acting skills even more.
4. As you are so polish in acting field so why don't you go for Bollywood platform?
Hahahah, well Bollywood platform requires a lot of more training but definitely if I get a good opportunity which makes me maintain my class, elegance and decency, I will definitely consider an opportunity.
5. You have started your career from acting first, then you came into modeling, so which do you find will give you more support in achieving your goals?
I have majorly been involved in acting only and I m passionate about it so without any doubt I'd definitely choose acting.
6. Inspirational director & producer with whom you like to work?
Many, as all have something unique about them as you get to learn from all.
7. Writer whose script you like most?
Ashfaq Ahmed, Seema Ghazal & Noor ul Huda Shah.
8. How many plays have been done by you?
I have done various plays and serials as I m in this industry from a very long time now.
9. If you weren't the artist, what would you have been?
I might have been a Fashion Designer because I love stitching and designing.
10. What are your leisure time activities?
Spending time with my family and friends and in Gym.
11. Did you perform in Pakistani movie? If not, why?
I have always been more inclined towards dramas and not movies but seeing the rise in our film industry now, I would consider an opportunity if it is good.
12. Countries in which you have performed?
Pakistan, Dubai, Thailand (for advertisements).
13. What is your family life like? Are there a lot of support for you and your goals? Plus with having a hectic schedule, do you cope up to spend your quality time with your family?
My family is very supportive with me and despite my work; I make sure that there is a balance between my work life and my personal life.
14. What makes you impatient?
Waiting for some results and travelling as I love travelling hahaha.
15. Do you find it easy to memorize your lines?
Never been a difficult task as I believe in properly getting involved into my character. The rest follows then.
16. How do you feel when your fans recognize you and want to talk to you or take your autograph?
It feels really great to be honest because they all give you compliments and it feels great that all your hard work is finally paying off.
17. Most typically Pakistani thing about me?
19. Your fans would love to know about your future plans and projects. What's next for Tabassum Arif?
Future plans and projects are to keep making my fans happy and keep up with their feedbacks and do whatever they feel I should be trying next.
1. Three secrets behind your fitness?
Hahaha Gym, personal desire to stay fit and look great in whatever I wear so not staying fit is not even a question.
2. The role you haven't done yet and would love to do is?
Any role that is challenging.
Sakura because I love Sushi.
5. Most daring thing you have done?
I m the most daring person so if you tell me anything I can't do, that's rather a challenge for me then.
Not one but many as all have given me a great experience.
7. How do you CELEBRATE your victories?
By throwing a nice party and having invited all my family friends and celebrity co stars because no celebration is without all of your dear people.
When people appreciate the little things that you have done for them and when people appreciate my hard work.
I have always been more inclined towards dramas and not movies but seeing the rise in our film industry now, I would consider an opportunity if it is good…!
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text:
Mangas sets sights on rebuilding chamber
Jake Mangas marked his first month at the Greater Redding Chamber of Commerce coming up with his to-do list for 2016.
Mangas sets sights on rebuilding chamber Jake Mangas marked his first month at the Greater Redding Chamber of Commerce coming up with his to-do list for 2016. Check out this story on redding.com: http://reddingne.ws/2flnteq
Redding Record Searchlight Published 4:49 p.m. PT Feb. 9, 2016
Jake Mangas (right) of the Redding Chamber of Commerce shakes hands Monday with Todd Jones, account manager at BloodSource and president of the Active 20-30 Club, at BloodSource in Redding.(Photo: Andreas Fuhrmann/Record Searchlight)Buy Photo
Jake Mangas (left), president and chief executive officer of the Redding Chamber of Commerce, meets with Todd Jones, account manager at BloodSource and president of the Active 20-30 Club, on Monday at BloodSource in Redding. (Photo: Andreas Fuhrmann/Record Searchlight)
Andreas Fuhrmann/Record Searchlight Jake Mangas of the Greater Redding Chamber of Commerce shares a laugh Monday with Todd Jones, account manager at BloodSource and president of the Active 20-30 Club, on Monday. (Photo: Andreas Fuhrmann)
It's a long one. But the organization's young president and chief executive officer is up to any challenge thrown his way.
"Focus on the impact of the organization and the income follows that," Mangas said. It's a lesson he learned with his former employer, Northern Valley Catholic Social Service, and one that makes sense in his new role at an organization that is operating on narrow margins. "I was brought in with the understanding that we needed to do something different."
In 2014, the year of its most recent, publicly available 990 tax form, the chamber reported $447,572 in total revenue, slightly down from the previous year. Its total assets finished at $109,094 and its net assets at $79,386.
Last month, he met one-on-one with each of the 17 chamber board members. He talked to past board members, contacted the heads of several local organizations, national companies, city officials and member and nonmember business owners alike.
Among his methods are to arrange lunch with one person and then invite others to join. That's what happened when he got Joe Chimenti of the Shasta Builders Exchange, Chad New of the Redding Convention and Visitors Bureau and Rocky Slaughter of Sugar Pine Media at a table at Burrito Bandito on Airport Road.
"I know it's only February, but Jake has already far exceeded our expectations," said Courtney McElvain, chamber board chairwoman.
Based on all these meetings, his strategies are focused on rebuilding the chamber's membership, reaching young professionals, putting Redding on the map, so to speak, and linking to technology.
In recent years, chamber membership has slipped from a high of about 1,200 to more than 770 at the close of 2015. Mangas' job is to bring in 250 members, with the objective of finishing the year with a net positive of 150.
He said the goal is achievable. He finished January with 10 new members and had at least seven new prospects at the start of February. And there is plenty of fresh ground to cover if he can show them a return on their investment.
Redding Electric Utility tells him there are 6,200 commercial customers and Larry Vaupel, Redding's development services director, tells him there are 8,000 business licenses.
"That means we have 10 percent of the pie," he said. "It's one thing to say we champion business, and we do that through partnership and advocacy and resources. ... But for today's business owner, they need to see it in the bottom line."
Like the chambers in Sacramento and Chico, he'll be responsible for launching a program later this year that engages professionals who are under 40.
Mangas and McElvain grew up in the North State. They both talked about their peers having greater expectations for Redding, and they want to nurture that culture without duplicating what the 20-30 Club, Catalyst or Young Professionals Network at the Shasta Association of Realtors already does.
Rather, those groups would help in creating the program, McElvain said.
Mangas sees the effort as critical to the future of the chamber and the overall economic motor of the region.
"I'm kind of living it," said the 35-year-old Mangas of the need to build up and retain young talent. "What I see here are so many generations of business today. How do we give them an opportunity to be the solution in our community?"
Missoula, Montana took advantage of Google's Let's Put Our Cities on the Map. The program helps boost the presence of local business on the map.
According to Google, there are 2,800 businesses locally that satisfy the full listing, Mangas learned. He wants to do a series of workshops to show business owners how they can find more customers.
For anyone who is reluctant, Mangas' advice is blunt. "I used my Yellow Pages to prop up my wastebasket after probably about 2010," he said.
He also spoke of collaborating with other organizations to come up with a unified branding message for Redding and Shasta County. As part of the chamber's advocacy role, Mangas said the political action committee is talking about sponsoring a public candidates forum ahead of the November elections.
Read or Share this story: http://reddingne.ws/2flnteq


Sykes & Son Limited are pleased to have been associated with Maggs Bros in the Refurbishment, Restoration and Conservation of their new Grade 1 Listed offices, show rooms and libraries.
In May 2017, Maggs Bros. Ltd, antiquarian booksellers by appointment to the Queen re-opened at their new headquarters of 48 Bedford Square. The long-lived bookshop had been based at 50 Berkeley Square for nearly eighty years before the decision was made to relocate to the Grade I listed, Georgian townhouse.
Founded in 1853 by Uriah Maggs, the firm is still run by the same family today. The Maggs team work closely with book collectors and institutional libraries, offering superior rare books, maps and manuscripts.
The new headquarters have been refurbished and redecorated for Magg's use with three major departments (modern, early-British and early-European and travel) and a new exhibition space with several upcoming displays planned. Maggs occupy the lower two floors, with Bloomsbury Publishing maintaining office space on the upper floors.


text:
Palmarès

Note

Voci correlate
Progressione del record mondiale della 4x200 m stile libero

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Russian Institute of Theatrical Art - GITIS
Ludmila was 25 may on Arshin Mal Alan
" Actors are laid out at all 1000%. Not often you see this, to be honest. Loved it. Thanks for the pleasure !!! Good luck !!!
Katerina was 16 december on Feast in Time of Plague
" The play "Feast during the plague" after the play of the great poet - A.S. Pushkin on the stage of the educational theater GITIS very colorful and unusual, actual performance! Performance-emotion. All that the guys do on the stage will not leave anyone indifferent. The guys are very talented !!! Performance musical, with a very beautiful vocals, while very short (only 40 minutes) - looks at one go! Unusual production completely conveys the spirit and feelings of people of those terrible events! And makes us think, is it really bad in our country? Or maybe we should be grateful that we live ?! And for this I highly recommend to view! You can see the poster on the website www.gitis-teatr.ru
Irina was 27 march on Meshchan
" Great. Thanks to the young actors and everyone who participated in the production of this performance. Emotion, sincerity, unusual reading. The performance is long and complex. I strongly advise.
Oksana was 19 february on Unknown Tchaikovsky
" My friend and I visited this theater for the first time and were pleasantly surprised by the performance "Unknown Tchaikovsky"! The original production, the actors are all wonderful, talented! Amazingly beautiful voices of girls! For us this performance was a joyful discovery that we have very talented youth and we will come with interest to see other performances. Thank you from the bottom of the heart!
Anna was 13 may on In jazz, only girls
" The performance is thoughtful and stylish, but it lacks flesh, but not literally! and the work of the stage designer for the removal of the caesura "the arrival of the artist-care from the scene," many children lack the power of playing in such a spacious room. The course is talented, there are real stars, directors -4. Thank you for the performance!
Aleksandr was 12 november on In jazz, only girls
" The performance was liked, live music, voices, a convenient hall
Ekaterina was 29 october on In jazz, only girls
" A stunning performance !!! Very talented
Marina was 12 december on In jazz, only girls
" On December 12th my husband and I visited the play "In Jazz Only Girls" at the GITIS Theater - they had a rest together) In this theater for the 2nd time and both times in ecstasy! Actors are laid out under the full program, play from the heart! Great costumes and improvisations with the audience left no one indifferent! Thank you very much! 🌺
Nataliya was 12 november on In jazz, only girls
" Yesterday we visited the new stage of GITIS, "Only girls are in jazz". A very comfortable modern theater: a chic spacious lobby, comfortable lounge, it is perfectly visible from any point. Incendiary production, live music on stage (piano, saxophone, double bass, drummer), beautiful voices of artists. We really enjoyed. Thank you so much for such a wonderful Saturday night!
Mihail was 06 october on Meshchan
" Excellent. Very "live" performance, talented young actors, good staging. Everything in moderation, careful attitude to the author. Very sincere.
Aleksandra was 09 october on Class-concert
" Class-concert of the 3rd course of actors V.Andreev from the category "what we learned". I recommend the fans of the theater, as well as without fail those who want to connect their lives with the theater-entrants of the theater universities.
Elena was 23 september on Class-concert
" I liked it a lot, thank you! Classical concerts at the githis are always at the level of
Anastasiya was 17 february on Unknown Tchaikovsky
" Many thanks for the opportunity to visit the play "Unknown Tchaikovsky". Were with my mother, both received a lot of positive emotions. It's very pleasant after the hard day so it's nice to spend the evening. Many thanks to the Single Family and the theater administration.
Ol`ga was 25 september on Theater "At the Bridge" Cripple with Inishmana
" During the pre-festive tour of the Theater "U Mosta" that took place in Moscow, I was fortunate to see 3 plays based on McDonagh's plays: "The Lonely West", "The Skull of Connemara" and "The Cripple from Inishman". McDonagh, although a fashionable author, but this is not at all entertaining stuff. But all three productions look on the same breath. To say that I enjoyed it would be, perhaps, pale. I would define this as, no, not a shock, I do not want to break into pathos, but a meeting with the Theater. What a wonderful director's work and acting! Adjusted intonations, thought out mise-en-scenes, light, scenery .... It was a feeling that the air in the hall thickened and it was even hard to inhale it. The public (and the small hall of the GITIS-Theater was crowded, the spectators did not even have enough chairs, some looked standing) was quieted to a ringing in the ears. Even if we consider that there were hardly random people in the hall (no one has ever rang a mobile phone, it's a rarity and this is an indicator of the "quality" of the audience, it seems to me), still impressive when the stage and the hall are on the same wave. And the director Sergei Fedotov a separate respect: the plays could be put on the "modern", with the creative and "creative" findings - the text and the plot all allow it. And the fact that the performance is made in the classical style, somewhere even with deliberate theatrical convention, only reinforces the impression. These are performances that you want to watch more than once. Bravo!
Arshin Mal Alan
Actors are laid out at all 1000%. Not often you see this, to be honest. Loved it. Thanks for the pleasure !!! Good luck !!!
Ludmila write 08 november
Feast in Time of Plague
The play "Feast during the plague" after the play of the great poet - A.S. Pushkin on the stage of the educational theater GITIS very colorful and unusual, actual performance! Performance-emotion. All that the guys do on the stage will not leave anyone indifferent. The guys are very talented !!! Performance musical, with a very beautiful vocals, while very short (only 40 minutes) - looks at one go! Unusual production completely conveys the spirit and feelings of people of those terrible events! And makes us think, is it really bad in our country? Or maybe we should be grateful that we live ?! And for this I highly recommend to view! You can see the poster on the website www.gitis-teatr.ru
Katerina write 14 may
Meshchan
Great. Thanks to the young actors and everyone who participated in the production of this performance. Emotion, sincerity, unusual reading. The performance is long and complex. I strongly advise.
Irina write 27 march
Unknown Tchaikovsky
My friend and I visited this theater for the first time and were pleasantly surprised by the performance "Unknown Tchaikovsky"! The original production, the actors are all wonderful, talented! Amazingly beautiful voices of girls! For us this performance was a joyful discovery that we have very talented youth and we will come with interest to see other performances. Thank you from the bottom of the heart!
Oksana write 19 february
In jazz, only girls
The performance is thoughtful and stylish, but it lacks flesh, but not literally! and the work of the stage designer for the removal of the caesura "the arrival of the artist-care from the scene," many children lack the power of playing in such a spacious room. The course is talented, there are real stars, directors -4. Thank you for the performance!
Anna write 26 january
The performance was liked, live music, voices, a convenient hall
Aleksandr write 26 january
A stunning performance !!! Very talented
Ekaterina write 26 january
On December 12th my husband and I visited the play "In Jazz Only Girls" at the GITIS Theater - they had a rest together) In this theater for the 2nd time and both times in ecstasy! Actors are laid out under the full program, play from the heart! Great costumes and improvisations with the audience left no one indifferent! Thank you very much! 🌺
Marina write 26 january
Yesterday we visited the new stage of GITIS, "Only girls are in jazz". A very comfortable modern theater: a chic spacious lobby, comfortable lounge, it is perfectly visible from any point. Incendiary production, live music on stage (piano, saxophone, double bass, drummer), beautiful voices of artists. We really enjoyed. Thank you so much for such a wonderful Saturday night!
Nataliya write 26 january
Excellent. Very "live" performance, talented young actors, good staging. Everything in moderation, careful attitude to the author. Very sincere.
Mihail write 06 october
Class-concert
Class-concert of the 3rd course of actors V.Andreev from the category "what we learned". I recommend the fans of the theater, as well as without fail those who want to connect their lives with the theater-entrants of the theater universities.
Aleksandra write 24 jule
I liked it a lot, thank you! Classical concerts at the githis are always at the level of
Elena write 24 jule
Many thanks for the opportunity to visit the play "Unknown Tchaikovsky". Were with my mother, both received a lot of positive emotions. It's very pleasant after the hard day so it's nice to spend the evening. Many thanks to the Single Family and the theater administration.
Anastasiya write 24 jule
Theater "At the Bridge" Cripple with Inishmana
During the pre-festive tour of the Theater "U Mosta" that took place in Moscow, I was fortunate to see 3 plays based on McDonagh's plays: "The Lonely West", "The Skull of Connemara" and "The Cripple from Inishman". McDonagh, although a fashionable author, but this is not at all entertaining stuff. But all three productions look on the same breath. To say that I enjoyed it would be, perhaps, pale. I would define this as, no, not a shock, I do not want to break into pathos, but a meeting with the Theater. What a wonderful director's work and acting! Adjusted intonations, thought out mise-en-scenes, light, scenery .... It was a feeling that the air in the hall thickened and it was even hard to inhale it. The public (and the small hall of the GITIS-Theater was crowded, the spectators did not even have enough chairs, some looked standing) was quieted to a ringing in the ears. Even if we consider that there were hardly random people in the hall (no one has ever rang a mobile phone, it's a rarity and this is an indicator of the "quality" of the audience, it seems to me), still impressive when the stage and the hall are on the same wave. And the director Sergei Fedotov a separate respect: the plays could be put on the "modern", with the creative and "creative" findings - the text and the plot all allow it. And the fact that the performance is made in the classical style, somewhere even with deliberate theatrical convention, only reinforces the impression. These are performances that you want to watch more than once. Bravo!
Ol`ga write 18 jule


text:
The Word and the World Project of the Stanford University's Learning Lab developed a large lecture, Introduction to Humanities (IHUM) course adopting pedagogical strategies and technologies designed to enhance learning. The course was given in 1997 and 1998.  The goal of the curriculum innovations was to transform a large lecture course into a learning community.  Professors: Larry Friedlander (English), Haun Saussy (East Asian Studies), and Tim Lenior (History); teaching fellows: Carlos Seligo and Margo Denman and lab staff: Charles Kerns and George Toye worked together to develop a holistic curriculum mediated through a website center for the course.

Problems in large lecture courses
This course was developed in response to the shortcomings of earlier large lecture courses. This type of course typically rated poorly in student evaluations and often led students to behaviors that inhibited learning: students skipped lectures and did not read assignments or prepare for meetings; students crammed for exams and waited until the last minute to write papers with a focus on grades and not learning. They were passive participants in a system that did not foster active engagement. Often there was a lack of continuity between lecture and section. Students had widely varying levels of knowledge about the texts. Faculty had very little information about the students' knowledge as the course proceeded and the students had little feedback on their performance.

Course design
The curriculum was based on the reading of five texts, Genesis, Blade Runner, Hamlet, Descartes' Meditations, from the viewpoint of the scholar of history, literature, or philosophy. The course emphasized methods of reading and critical and interpretive approaches, rather than content.

This first year course met weekly in two one-hour lectures for all 100 students and two one-hour discussion section meetings of 15 students each. Students and instructors engaged in web activities including structured reading assignments and asynchronous discussion forums. The web site provided rich resources to supplement the texts. Students worked cross-section group projects and on panel discussions.  There was no final exam for the course; a fair was held in which students exhibited their project web sites.

Technology

Central Course Web Site
A site that had a calendar, announcements, faculty bios, the asynchronous discussion forums, assignments, and student projects

Rich Web Resources
The course web site linked rich resources supporting each text to engage students from novices to those well-informed on the texts. It included explanatory information, annotations, cultural information, critical analyses, visual interpretations of the texts including paintings, video recordings of multiple performances, and different cuts of the films.

Structured Readings
The web site also had a series of on-line assignments that structured the learners' reading activities. These on-line activities drew upon the students' previous knowledge and guided them as they approached each text. In the first year of the project in 1997 students responses were recorded in a personal on-line, shareable portfolio, but after noting little use of the portfolio, the design was changed in the second iteration of the course in 1998 so that assignments were displayed directly in the discussion Forum.

 The Forum
The Forum had special features to support large lecture courses such as photographs of the posting student next to his/her message, organization into sections, and notification systems to alert faculty and groups to special postings. The forum was used to discuss lectures; it was where assignments were posted (they were not sent to an instructor); and was used for communication in forming project groups. The Forum was enhanced in the second year to allow direct linkage to assignments, faculty-controlled subject organization, and threaded discussion.

 Student Project Web Sites
The students in the course completed projects in the second half of the course that demonstrated their understanding of the texts. Projects were constructed in many media the first year but were limited to posters and web sites in the second. Faculty met often with students helping them to plan their projects. All projects from the previous year were available as models when the course was repeated.

 Evaluation
The project employed several modes of project and technology evaluation: questionnaires, interviews, video interaction analysis, peer review, and ethnographic studies. Findings:

-The Forum provided a venue for discussion by quiet students and accommodated different learning styles.
-The Forum and assignments helped students prepare for face-to-face meetings by discussing basic issues before class.
-It added to workload of teaching staff.
-There was a positive correlation between scores on papers and number of Forum postings.

External links
 The Archived World and the World Web Site
 Faculty Larry Friedlander Site
 Faculty Tim Lenior Site at Stanford
 Syllabus Magazine 1998 article "Transforming the Large Lecture Course"
 Pedagogical Roles and Implementation Guidelines for Online Communication Tools in Sloan ALN Magazine, Dec 99
 Stanford Press Release on IHUM courses
 Stanford Faculty Senate Report on IHUM courses

Stanford University independent research
Virtual learning environments
Humanities


Quite an accomplishment, little bro! I am in awe of your strength and stamina! Well done! I'm proud of you!
This is awesome. On my bucket list for sure.
What an accomplishment! So impressed! Way to go! Thanks for sharing!


If you're like me, you love avacados. I could eat them plain (and do quite regularly.) I slice them and add them to sandwiches and salads. But my absolute favorite is guacamole!
Today, after punishing my kids and making them clean (I know, horrible mother. At least they thought so. I mean, how dare I make them clean the house when the sun was out and it was a gorgeous day! My 8 year old diva's words.), I DID let them go outside and then we came in and made guacamole as a snack.
It was a hit and we, of course, made a giant batch, but that means more for me later when I watch some Netflix after their bedtime!
***No one in my house cares for tomatoes, so I do NOT add them, but if you like them, finely chop a small Roma or whatever you like and add them.
Dice avacados and chop onions. Add them to a large bowl.
Add other ingredients. Stir, stir, stir.
Adjust salt and pepper to your liking.
***We like chunky avacados, so I do not really mash them, but if you like smooth and creamy guacamole, mash away.
Can serve immediately or refrigerate overnight for the flavors to meld together.
*Bet you can't wait to devour it. It's really THAT good.


text:
Q: PHP live search not getting the existing row in database So, I'm making PHP live search with php,jquery and mysql.
the data that being search isn't showing in my page despite the data is exist in the database.
rowCount() is showing the correct total of rows,
but the page isn't showing all the rows.
here's my php code
<?php
if(isset($_POST['keyword'])){
    $key = $_POST['keyword'];

    $findPerusahaan = "SELECT * FROM perusahaan_instansi WHERE badan_hukum LIKE '%$key%' OR merek LIKE '%$key%' ";
    $stmt = $conn->prepare($findPerusahaan);
    $stmt->execute();
    $data =$stmt->fetch();

    foreach($stmt as $row){
        echo $row['badan_hukum']."
";
    }
    //print_r($stmt);
    echo $stmt->rowCount();
}

?>
and here it is the page
<input onkeyup="myFunction()" type="text" id="myInput" class="form-control"
id="perusahaan" name="perusahaan" placeholder="PT....." required>

Here is the result, thanks for any help

A: $data contains your array of rows, not $stmt!
Change this:
$data = $stmt->fetch();
foreach($stmt as $row){
    echo $row['badan_hukum']."
";
}

to this:
$data = $stmt->fetchAll();
foreach($data as $row){
    echo $row['badan_hukum']."
";
}

A: Try using '%".$key."%' instead of '%$key%':
<?php
if(isset($_POST['keyword'])){
$key = $_POST['keyword'];

$findPerusahaan = "SELECT * FROM perusahaan_instansi WHERE badan_hukum LIKE '%".$key."%' OR merek LIKE '%".$key."%' ";
$stmt = $conn->prepare($findPerusahaan);
$stmt->execute();
$data =$stmt->fetch();

foreach($stmt as $row){
    echo $row['badan_hukum']."
";
}
//print_r($stmt);
echo $stmt->rowCount();
}


text:
← Comraderie
Passover on the S.S. Providence, 1947 →
A First Shout-Out: The New, New American Landscape
Posted on April 11, 2014 by fansinaflashbulb
Ernst Haas, Montana. On Set–Little Big Man Filming, 1969 (3.1976)
The American landscape of our memory, and relatively our most recent past, first memorialized in the subtle hues and creamy pastels by the grand painting masters such as Thomas Cole, Thomas Eakins, or Winslow Homer, and then concretely flattened in the blacks and whites of Ansel Adams, and consequently the new topographers, famously Robert Adams, Lewis Baltz, the Bechers, among others, has taken twists and turns in the hands and eyes of the romantics on a mission to find their visual pleasure in the eccentricities of what they found: Stephen Shore, William Eggleston, Ed Ruscha. There is an American landscape on-the-go, and ready-made for an explorer with the means to delve into and document. There is an American landscape of the ages, of the now, and of the no longer in existence.
In this selection from the International Center of Photography's collection, the pleasure in each landscape derives from the origin of its peculiarity, the man-made versus the land, the uses of such land as stages for illusions and constructed narratives, and the understanding of this vastness as not never-ending, but in fact, concretely rooted in one discreet capsule of geography and time.
The work of Ernst Haas (1921-1986), John Pfahl (b. 1939), and Charles Pratt (1926-1976) all encompass what's simplistically known as the picturesque. Out of the three, John Pfahl continues to document the oddities he finds in the land in what he now calls a series on earth's metamorphosis. There's old-school if not twee glamour to these men, not strictly tied to conceptual applause. They are, perhaps, photographers for people of the twenty-first century in search of the awe-inspiring. There's the breed of men and women with cameras who knew everything about the apparatus that reproduced their dreamscapes. There's the crop of photographs that, when encapsulated in the right place and time, represent what perhaps this new, new American landscape will be.
Charles Pratt, Pigeon under Hwy, New York, Edge of City, 1960 (64.1996)
Charles Pratt, Edge of City, 1962 (53.1996)
Charles Pratt, raised in New York City and Maine, was awestruck by what he called the "edges of the city." It was his fear that the edges of New York would eventually blur, making his city merge in an vast "megalopolis" with Boston and Washington, D.C. Pratt stated: "I find myself drawn to [the] edges with a sense of urgency, knowing that they may be gone tomorrow—not just extended but really, finally gone." Out of the three photographers in this presentation, the "scarcity of the city" versus that of the countryside is his preoccupation. In his landscapes the "rivers, parks along the waterfront, highways, embankments, empty lots, airports, rooftops, and the marshes in New Jersey" are predominant.
Ernst Haas, Communication, Nevada, 1962 (77.1976)
Ernst Haas, born in Vienna, moved to the United States in 1951 and was part of the LIFE magazine crew, as well as Magnum, an invitation he received directly from Robert Capa. He was a successful, and prolific travel photographer. His work not only for LIFE, but also Vogue, and Look took him across the globe. Haas was considered a pioneer in color photography. The two works selected represent two instances of man in land that evoke two very different variants: the presence of man through his absence with symbols of modern communication, and the presence of man's chimeras and story-making machine through the lens of motion pictures, and the Hollywood ubiquity.
John Pfahl, Nine Desert Snowballs, Hell's Half Acre, WY, 1977 (420.1984)
Lastly, John Pfahl's inclusion echoes the "alteration" of the picturesque in its most ambiguous iteration: the oddity of elements in his photograph convey a feeling of eeriness and unknown processes, perhaps hidden and unfamiliar to us, but sourced from systems that seem unlikely to be married with the landscape, yet there they appear, in man's necessity to maintaining his manufacturing activities apparently seamless, but never quite so.
—Laura A. González, ICP-Bard 2014
This entry was posted in Fans in a Flashbulb and tagged Charles Pratt, Ernst Haas, ICP-Bard, John Pfahl, landscape, Landscape Photography. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
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It's not over yet.
We're already in May and the date we've all been dreading is almost upon us.
Yes, we've had some cause for some celebration as the TPD implementation in the UK is the most soft touch announced so far, but it still goes further than we know is reasonable.
As a vendor, I have just had to tell a sizeable chunk of our customers that we will not be able to ship to them because registration is needed to ship from the UK to EU - that registration, of course, is impossible to complete.
Maximum bottle and tanks sizes, onerous testing and reporting, a block on exports, it's farcical and whilst May 20th is coming fast there are still things vapers can do.
Yesterday saw Anne Main table a motion to the Houses of Parliament. The motion is below, I encourage you to give it a read and then use write to vape to ask your MP to sign the motion the pledge their support.
Once you've done that, please consider using the share buttons on this email to spread the word. The more of us get behind this, the better.
Kindest,
Early day motion 1441: E-CIGARETTES AND THE TOBACCO PRODUCTS
"That this House agrees with the Royal College of Physicians that it is crucial that e-cigarettes are priced as advantageously as possible in relation to tobacco; believes that the EU Tobacco Products Directive would significantly inhibit the development and use of harm-reduction products by smokers and cost lives;
further agrees with Public Health England that e-cigarettes are around 95 per cent less harmful than smoking, and that nearly half the population does not realise that e-cigarettes are much less harmful than smoking;
further believes that restricting advertising will have the perverse effect of reducing the rate at which cigarette use is declining; notes that the total cost of smoking to society, including healthcare, social care, lost productivity, litter and fires, was conservatively estimated by Action on Smoking and Health to be around £14 billion per year;
and calls on the Government to exclude e-cigarettes and other harm-reduction products from the Tobacco Products Directive." (source)
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