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Biografia

Soldato di ventura (1340-1358)
Filippo era un soldato mercenario che apparteneva alla piccola nobiltà; in primo tempo fu al servizio di Luchino Visconti in Lombardia, poi nel giro di un anno passò al servizio del marito della regina Giovanna I di Napoli, Andrea, che era il figlio del re Carlo I d'Ungheria. Andrea fu assassinato molto presto nel settembre 1345, e nell'autunno dello stesso anno Filippo partì per l'Oriente con l'esercito francese. Dopo la battaglia di Smirne nel 1346 fu nominato cavaliere, e quando l'esercito francese fu sciolto fece il suo pellegrinaggio verso Gerusalemme. Si rese conto del vantaggio che la disciplina dei Saraceni offriva rispetto ai disordinati eserciti dell'Occidente e concepì l'idea di un nuovo ordine di cavalleria, ma i suoi sforzi si rivelarono infruttuosi. Il primo schizzo dell'ordine fu elaborato da lui nella sua Nova religio passionis (1367-1368, rivisto e ampliato nel 1386 e 1396). Da Gerusalemme nel 1347 passò a Cipro alla corte di Ugo IV, dove strinse amicizia col figlio del re, Pietro di Lusignano, poi conte di Tripoli, ma ben presto lasciò Cipro e riprese la sua carriera come soldato di ventura, quando l'adesione di Pietro al trono di Cipro (novembre 1358) e il suo riconoscimento come re di Gerusalemme indusse Filippo a tornare sull'isola, probabilmente nel 1360, quando divenne cancelliere di corte.

Il periodo cipriota (1360-1372)
Filippo arrivò sotto l'influenza del pio legato Pietro Tommaso († 1366), di cui doveva essere amico e biografo, e Tommaso, che divenne patriarca latino di Costantinopoli nel 1364, sarebbe poi stato uno dei principali promotori della crociata del 1365. Nel 1362 Pietro di Cipro, con il legato e Filippo visitarono i principi dell'Europa occidentale in cerca di supporto per una nuova crociata, e quando il re tornò in Oriente incaricò Filippo e Pietro Tommaso a rappresentarlo ad Avignone e nelle città del nord Italia. Essi predicarono la crociata in tutta la Germania e in seguito Filippo accompagnò Pietro ad Alessandria. Dopo la cattura di questa città ricevette il governo di una terza parte di essa e una promessa per la creazione del suo ordine, ma i crociati, soddisfatti dall'immenso bottino, si rifiutarono di continuare la campagna.

Nel giugno 1366 Filippo fu inviato a Venezia, ad Avignone e nei regni dell'Europa occidentale, per ottenere aiuto contro i Saraceni, che ora minacciavano il regno di Cipro. I suoi sforzi furono vani, anche papa Urbano V consigliava la pace con il sultano. Filippo rimase per qualche tempo ad Avignone, in cerca di reclute per il suo ordine e impegnato a scrivere la sua Vita S. Petri Thomasii, che ha un valore inestimabile per la storia della spedizione alessandrina. Anche la Prefazione e l'Epistola, che formano la prima stesura della sua opera sull'ordine della Passione, sono stati scritti in questo momento.

Filippo tornò a Cipro nel 1368, ma era nuovamente a Venezia quando Pietro fu assassinato a Nicosia all'inizio del 1369, e vi rimase fino al 1372, quando si recò alla corte del nuovo papa Gregorio XI ad Avignone. Si occupò del tentativo di stabilire nell'Europa occidentale la festa della Presentazione della Vergine, titolo che aveva avuto origine nella chiesa greca ed era poi stato adottato dalla Chiesa latina a Cipro. Nel 1373 era a Parigi e fu da allora in poi, insieme a intellettuali come Nicole Oresme, uno dei consiglieri di fiducia di Carlo V, il quale però si rifiutò di essere trascinato in una crociata. Fu precettore di suo figlio, il futuro Carlo VI, ma dopo la morte di Carlo V, insieme agli altri consiglieri del defunto re, fu costretto a ritirarsi.

Il periodo parigino (1373-1405)
Filippo visse da allora in poi nel convento dei Celestini di Parigi, ma ciononostante continuò a esercitare un'influenza sugli affari pubblici, e alla sua stretta alleanza con Luigi d'Orleans si devono le calunnie con cui gli storici borgognoni coprivano il suo nome. Quando Carlo VI si liberò dalla dominazione dei suoi zii, aumentò il potere di Filippo il quale, allo scoppio della Grande Scisma d'Occidente, sostenne la corrente avignonese con l'antipapa Clemente VII.

A questo periodo della vita di Filippo appartengono la maggior parte dei suoi scritti. Due trattati devozionali, il Contemplatio Horae mortis e il Soliloquuum peccatoris, appartengono al 1386-1387. Nel 1389 scrisse il suo Songe du Vieil Pèlerin, un elaborato viaggio allegorico in cui ha descritto i costumi dell'Europa e del vicino Oriente, la pace sostenuta con l'Inghilterra e il perseguimento della Crociata. La sua Oratio tragedica, in gran parte autobiografica, è stata scritta con scopi simili. Nel 1395 rivolse a Riccardo II d'Inghilterra un Epistre premendo il suo matrimonio con Isabella di Valois e incoraggiandolo a fare la pace con la Francia ed entrare in una nuova crociata contro gli eserciti turchi che avevano fatto irruzione in Europa. Lo sforzo di arruolare Riccardo alla crociata non gli riuscì. Solo le forze della Francia, guidate da Giovanni di Borgogna, soccorsero l'esercito del re Sigismondo d'Ungheria, che stava coordinando la lotta. Tuttavia non ascoltare i piani del re, le forze francesi hanno marciato per sconfiggere nella battaglia di Nicopoli, e tutta la campagna si è conclusa in un disastro. Questa sconfitta ha ispirato Filippo senza entusiasmo e giustificato le sue paure ed è stata l'occasione della sua ultima opera, la Epistre lamentable el consolatoire, in cui ha proposto una volta di più i principi della sua fine come rimedio contro le catastrofi future.
Le Songe du Vergier o Somnium viridarii, scritto intorno al 1376, è a volte a lui attribuito, ma senza prove definitive.

Note

Bibliografia
 Antoine Becquet, Gallicae coelestinorum congregationis monasteria, fundationes, 1719.
 Abbé Jean Lebeuf, Mémoires in the Mémoires of the Academy of Inscriptions, voll. xvi. - xvii. (1752 e 1753).
 J. Delaville le Roulx, La France en Orient au xiv. siècle, 1886–1890.
 A. Molinier, Manuel de bibliographie historique, vol. iv. (1904).
 N. Jorga, Filippo de Mézières, et la croisade au xiv. siècle, 1896.
 N. Jorga, Bibliothèque de l'ecole des hautes études, vol. 110 (1896).
 P. Paris, Mémoires of the Academy of Inscriptions vol. xv. (1843). (Songe du vergier)
 R. Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Poets, saints, and visionaries of the Great Schism, 1378-1417, University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2006.
 A. Marchiori, "Forgier fin besans". Le "Songe du Vieil Pelerin" de Philippe de Mézières: projet sotériologique et pouvoir de l'écriture à la fin du XIVe siècle, thèse de doctorat, Université de Paris IV-Sorbonne et Università degli Studi di Verona, 2014, 406 p.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Nedu Wazobia: How my cheating ex-girlfriend justified infidelity
Nedu Wazobia, the Nigerian radio personality, has recounted how a former girlfriend who was cheating on him justified her infidelity.
In a TikTok post on Tuesday, the 39-year-old said while they were dating back then in the university, he got suspicious of her infidelity when he searched her bag.
The comic actor said the pair went on a vacation and upon returning back to their institution, he realised his girlfriend didn't show up until after two days.
Nedu said when he confronted her about her whereabouts and if she was cheating on him, she informed him she was cheating on her other boyfriend with him.
The radio personality said that was the worst experience he ever had with any girl he dated.
"So someone sent me a message asking me to tell them what's the worst thing that has ever happened to me when it comes to a relationship with a girl," he said.
"I have a list of them but this one is at the topmost of all of them. So I was dating this girl back at the university, her name was Emem then. So we were dating and we were on holiday.
"We were supposed to get back to school on a particular day. I got to school two days before her.
"Then when she came to the house, I asked 'what's up? What's happening, where have you been?' She gave some stories though and then she went to have her bath.
"I checked her bag, I saw a hotel receipt. I saw some things that made me believe that she was cheating on me.
"Then this girl came into the room and I was like 'Emem what's up? Are you cheating on me? Why are you cheating on me?'
"Then this girl goes 'I'm not cheating on you, I'm cheating on him with you."
In September 2021, Nedu, whose real name is Chinedu Ani, was in the news after he denied the paternity of his first son with Uzoamaka Okiri, his ex-wife.
[TheCable]
I'm ready to date again, says Regina Chukwu years after husband's death
I hope to see you soon – Cristiano Ronaldo sends message to Sporting Lisbon
May death take me if I'm gay — Yomi Casual
Actress Rachael Okonkwo, others express excitement over Genevieve Nnaji's possible return on TV screen
"Carry me dey go my husband's house" – Nigerian s!ngle ladies sing while praying for husbands during church service…
Police parade man who stole church offering, 19 other suspects in Ekiti

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If someone else's negligence injured you in an accident, you no doubt want to put the whole thing far behind you. If it was a car accident, simply accepting the settlement the car insurance company offers may feel like the path of least resistance. Settling for an initial offer, however, rarely serves your best interests. Such offers often fail to factor in the total expenses you'll face throughout the recovery process. Personal injury claims are complicated, but your rights matter.
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New Jersey law and insurance companies can make car accident claims especially complicated, so you need experienced legal counsel on your side.
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Despite the complications that personal injury claims pose, your rights and your rightful compensation matter. The experienced legal team at The Levin Firm in Atlantic City has the skill, knowledge, and dedication to aggressively advocate for the compensation to which New Jersey law entitles you, so please contact us online or call our law firm at (215) 825-5183 to schedule a free consultation today.


I don't know about you, but laundry might be my least favorite thing in the world to do, especially since I've never had a washer & dryer in my apartment. I am lucky enough to have machines on my floor in the building, but laundry still isn't easy. This week drama ensued, when I accidentally put my boyfriend's J.Crew suit pants in the washer. He put them in the laundry basket, not the designated dry cleaning pile – who's fault is this anyway?! Cross your fingers they come back from the dry cleaner the same size!
Finding a place in my apartment to store my dirty clothes wasn't a simple task. I searched for pretty tilt out hampers, but their price tags weren't as beautiful. I succumbed to leaving baskets on the floor of my closet (which you really shouldn't do if you're fortunate enough to have space elsewhere). I meticulously measured the area under which my dresses hang. This is New York, we don't waste square inches, especially when it comes to closets!
4-Section Micro Mesh Wash Bag – $3.99 – I can stuff a weeks worth of bras and hanky pankys into this baby. Initially reading the reviews, I didn't think I could hold as much, so I bought 3! I use two occasionally when I wait awhile to do laundry, still holding on to that third one, would make a great gift! My delicates never get lost and end up in the dryer, even my boyfriend knows to pull it out!!
Plastic Grid Basket – For $2.99, I picked this basket up at the Container Store without knowing what to do with it. I finally found a purpose for it – to hold all those dirty bras and hanky pankys I would eventually stuff into the wash bag. This way, I can easily rally my delicates, even if I'm just doing one load of laundry.
Large Wheeled Stacking Basket – $13.99 – Even though my building's washer and dryer is 50 yards down the hallway, it is my least favorite task carrying an industrial load of laundry there. This handy wheeled basket not only squeezes into its designated area behind my elfa unit perfectly, it slides down the hallway with ease. I do look pretty silly hunched over, rolling this bad boy down the hall, but I wouldn't trade it for the world!!
OXO Tot Flip-In Hamper, Gray/Green – (comes in a few different colors) – $29.99. While looking for a substantial hamper to fill the remaining square footage in my closet, I searched for something a little bit taller to hold the same amount of clothes as the rolling laundry basket. After weeks of searching, I came across this guy! It is incredibly sturdy and durable. I can't wheel it down the hall, but since it is a canvas bin, the sides are more flexible and don't bang against my knees. The lid is the best part, although it confuses my boyfriend! My dresses hang only inches above it, and the lid prevents my precious clean dresses from rubbing against these dirty clothes. I also labeled the bin "Lights" with a sharpie in attempt to never sort laundry again.
Now I just have to find a solution to quickly and easily put the clothes away once they are washed. Do they make a machine for that?


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Hampden Fields Action Group
Author: chriswebbley
HFAG's in-depth challenge to Woodlands
16_01040_aop-hfag-response-20-01-08Download
letter-to-avdc-re-woodlands-16-oct-17Download
tpp-hfag-review-of-aylesbury-transport-model-lmvr__-300420Download
tpp-review-of-sealr-transport-assessment-16062020-finalDownload
Points to raise about Hampden Fields
Your comments need to reach Bucks Council by Friday 8th! The reference to search for at their planning application webpage is 16/00424/AOP.
Here are some topics for you to consider when writing in. As ever, please make your own choices and use your own words if you can.
Coalescence: Our MP Rob Butler has rightly criticised the risk to settlements such as Weston Turville, Stoke Mandeville, Aston Clinton and Aylesbury Bedgrove from urban sprawl. The Hampden Fields estate would fill the space between all four.
Transport: many serious objections have been raised against the traffic plans, which still won't solve traffic congestion in the town centre. It is planned to get worse. Remember that Hampden Fields proposes an extra 3,000 houses! The Council's own figures reveal that a very high % of trips are made to or from the town centre, so the wished-for 'ring road' will not actually make much difference.
Air quality: Linked to transport, of course. People are right to be concerned about the health risks from traffic congestion, especially from HGVs. Electric lorries are a fair way away yet, unfortunately.
Prematurity: the planning committee shouldn't approve this substantial development while the wider Vale of Aylesbury Plan is still undergoing examination by the Inspector. (See also 'Democracy' below)
Biodiversity: for a Garden Town area, it's disappointing that the planned biodiversity gain (13.8%) falls short of the Council's 'aspiration' figure of 20%, even if it is above the 10% minimum.
Flood risk: to be fair, the plans say there's not much risk of flooding. But given recent flood issues locally and further afield, you may want to press the Council to get the developer to guarantee this.
Democracy: Hampden Fields was turned down in 2015 by an independent Inspector and the Secretary of State. That campaign had cost local people time, effort and £'000s. Yet just one year later, the same proposal came back again, as if the Sec of State decision could simply be ignored. 5,000 letters of objection and many more £'000s have since been contributed by the local community, and Weston Turville and Wendover Parish Councils both object, representing 10,000 people. All this can't be ignored, can it?
More questions? If you want to know more, please contact any of the HFAG Committee via info@hfag.co.uk or on Facebook Everything Weston Turville
Respond to the council: by Friday 8th January, at their webpage https://www.aylesburyvaledc.gov.uk/search-planning-licensing-applications The planning application number is 16/00424/AOP.
7 Key Questions to Raise about Woodlands
Bucks Council have invited your comments on the Woodlands application 16/01040/AOP. Here are seven key questions we have identified. Please choose any that you feel strongly about, and send your comment in. (Use your own words, please — the Council disregards obvious 'copy and paste' campaigns.)
You can use the 'Make a Comment' button on the planning webpage at [https://publicaccess.aylesburyvaledc.gov.uk](https://publicaccess.aylesburyvaledc.gov.uk/) or send an email to [devcon@aylesburyvaledc.gov.uk](mailto:devcon@aylesburyvaledc.gov.uk) . The reference to use is 16/01040/AOP and your reply needs to reach them by the end of Monday 4th!
Questions for Buckinghamshire Council about Woodlands:
1) Do they think it would be right to allow building on this land, 38% of which lies on a flood plain?
2) Sports facilities here will require 'flood evacuation procedures' to be in place. What makes the Council think anyone might be willing to invest in building and running such facilities?
3) If the Council let the Woodlands developer get away with 20% affordable housing (not 30% as their policy requires), what will they say to developers on other large sites who seek to do the same?
4) Is the reduction in affordable housing a sign that Woodland is not financially viable?
5) The Vale of Aylesbury Local Plan is still being examined by a government inspector. Would it be right to grant planning permission here before that is completed?
6) How confident are they in the traffic plans that are part of this application? Completely confident? Very? Fairly? Not very? Not at all?
7) Thames Water wrote just days ago that the water and sewerage network will not be able to handle what is proposed here. What does this say about a developer who has been working on this application for more than four years?
URGENT: Campaign for SoS Call-In of Hampden Fields
URGENT: Campaign for Secretary of State Call-In of Hampden Fields
Dear Supporter,
You will no doubt have heard and seen that Bucks Council (formerly AVDC) have published thousands of pages of new information supporting four separate MAJOR planning applications for Hampden Fields, Woodlands, the South East Aylesbury Link Road and the Vale of Aylesbury Local Plan modifications. The task to examine this information is simply immense and the timeframe for responding to these is very tight in the extreme, the first one being as early as January 4th 2021.
The Action Group Committee will be working flat out over the Christmas period to try and get a strong response into the Council. However, given the size and complexity of FOUR major applications we no longer believe we have the time, resources or money to do this anything like as effectively as we have done in the past facing just one, or even sometimes two, applications. PLEASE WRITE TO ROB BUTLER MP
Email: rob.butler.mp@parliament.uk
Rather than spend your entire Christmas (believe us it would take that long) trying to sift through 1000's of pages we would like you to write to our new MP, Rob Butler, and ask for an Independent Planning Inquiry into the Hampden Fields Application. To give it its technical name we are asking for a Secretary of State Call In.
There are 6 key issues:
1) The Council is riding roughshod over the Secretary of State's 2015 decision to reject this almost identical application
2) The traffic volumes in Aylesbury are now higher than in 2015 and the proposed partial link road does not provide enough relief to this Air Quality Management Area
3) The proposal joins together Aylesbury, Stoke Mandeville and Weston Turville into one homogenous mass of housing.
4) Bucks Council has lost any sense of objectivity as they are so keen to push through their plan for 16,000 houses around Aylesbury that they are ignoring the problems this will cause.
5) What was previously described as a "critical" full Ring Road has now been abandoned. Now only a partial link road around the South of the town remains.
6) No matter what the decision is regarding the Local Plan we still strongly feel that the specific Hampden Fields application needs proper objective scrutiny from the Secretary of State.
Finally, as mentioned we will be scrutinising the application and we will get back to you early in the New Year to give you a chance of being able to respond to the Council in time.
We wish you a very happy Christmas – 2021 will mark the ELEVENTH YEAR of our campaign.
We appreciate your support, including your email to our MP at this time (please copy us in if you can at info@hfag.co.uk)
The HFAG Committee
Amanda, Chris, Glynn, John, Peter and Phil
ps: Sign up for regular updates on our website www.hfag.net
Aylesbury MP responds to White Paper on Planning
MP Rob Butler has made what we see as an important response to the Government's White Paper on 'Planning for the Future'.
In particular, HFAG agrees wholeheartedly with five specific points Mr Butler makes, not least because we have been saying something similar for years during our campaign for better planning in and around Aylesbury. Here they are.
The MP points out that a preference for building on greenfield sites in 'growth' areas risks urban sprawl. The assumption that greenfield development is necessary should be "strongly discouraged". 'Hampden Fields' and 'Woodlands' are, of course, exactly that sort of greenfield development.
Urban extensions should not lead to a coalescence of villages, with existing villages not merged with a larger settlement in one conurbation. Rob goes on to name Weston Turville and Aston Clinton as examples of villages at risk of conurbation with Aylesbury should endless expansion continue. The Action Group raised this very point in our submissions to Councillors and the Planning Committee in 2016 and 2017, and Natural England have also applied the phrase "urban sprawl" to the development.
On flooding, automatic planning permission should not apply to areas where flooding is a risk. Nor should water be displaced elsewhere. Aylesbury has suffered such problems before. We agree, and 'Woodlands' is just such another proposal. Aided by an environmental consultant, we have made strong arguments against allowing that development to be built right across a national Flood Plain 3.
Infrastructure upgrades must take account of the needs of present and future populations. Infrastructure in Aylesbury is already under considerable pressure. In agreeing with this point, we would add that infrastructure plans must be objectively modelled and assessed. We have long argued that transport plans, in particular, are not sound, a point agreed by the Secretary of State in 2015 and still under examination for the latest Vale Plan. Not to mention provision for school places and healthcare facilities.
Finally, under a heading of 'democratic engagement', the MP contrasts the White Paper's proposals to introduce automatic consent with the anxiety felt by a significant number of his constituents. HFAG has championed democratic engagement for the best part of ten years, holding public meetings and investing time and supporters' funds so that we can make well thought out, powerful representations to elected representatives at District, County and national government levels. 'Engagement' is one of HFAG's five focus areas and we continue to work hard to engage with everyone involved in these important decisions. We welcome Rob Butler's emphasis on this.
If you have any questions about any of this, please write to info@hfag.com
And what's happening with the South East Aylesbury Link Road?
The impact on landscape and visual impact has been criticised by one of the Council's planners. Responding to the consultation in July, he writes:
"… it is my opinion that the submitted landscape and visual impact assessment somewhat underestimates the level of residual impact of the proposed development. (HFAG emboldening added)
In my opinion the proposed development will result in significant adverse residual landscape and visual effects to the both the receiving landscape and to visual receptors (including users of Public Rights of Way, areas of public open space and residents) along the southern edge of Aylesbury that lies to the north of the application site as well as to other similar receptors to the north east, south east, south west and south of the application site.
As such I would invite you to place appropriate negative weight in the balance when considering the landscape and visual effects of the proposed development in any planning consideration."
In other words, the author is suggesting that the impact will be worse than the road application team are claiming.
What's happening with the Vale of Aylesbury Plan?
Late last month, the Inspector disclosed his next steps. The Council is going to publish its replies to our representations and those of others. They will also be making further modifications to the Plan. (Surprise, surprise!)
These will be put out for further consultation. You can be confident that HFAG will be commenting as hard as we can, including pressing for a renewed public hearing on transport and any other area that deserves it.
The Inspector will then consider all the responses and decide whether a public hearing is justified.
We will let you know when the consultation starts.
The campaign continues!
Hampy Anniversary!
No, that is not a misprint. It is just that October 26th was the third anniversary of the District Council's decision to give planning officers the job of negotiating over the planning applications for 'Hampden Fields' and 'Floodlands' (aka Woodlands).
With so much of the plan already drafted, you'd have thought that this would have been relatively straightforward. Certainly not three years' worth (and counting).
Maybe the arguments raised by this Action Group and many others back in October 2017 and carried on since did have some weight after all. Which means that …
… the campaign continues!
Aylesbury plans under fire
BBC reporter Peter Gibbs recently visited Aylesbury to assess the chances of the Garden Town vision coming true. Listen to the episode 'Build, Build, Build' in the radio 4 series 'Costing the Earth' to hear what he found.
New readers start here!
It's easy for people involved in a years-long campaign to forget that not everyone knows all about it. So if 'Hampden Fields' means nothing to you, perhaps because you have just moved in to the area, here is a quick cheat sheet for your information.
2012: A proposal is submitted for 3,000 houses to be built filling the open countryside between Weston Turville and Aylesbury Bedgrove. Hampden Fields Action Group HFAG is formed by local residents.
2015: HFAG's campaign succeeds in getting the plans rejected by planning inspector and Sec of State for Local Government. Traffic congestion and the weakness of the Council's plans to handle it are two of the main reasons for the decision.
2016: An almost identical planning application is submitted by Hampden Fields consortium. (To see what is proposed, click here to go to the council webpage). HFAG resume our campaign.
2017: The District Council planning committee defer planning permission, instead asking officers to negotiate a detailed draft agreement with the developers. Not yet done (July 2020).
2018: HFAG appear before the Planning Inspector examining the draft Vale of Aylesbury Local Plan. After our submission on traffic, the Inspector comments that the council's transport plan — a key element in the main plan, of course — appears rather "rough and ready".
2019: HFAG fundraising continues while we wait for progress. And wait. And wait.
2020: A planning application is submitted for the South East Aylesbury Link Road SEALR, part of Bucks Council's aspirational but flawed 'orbital road strategy'. HFAG present independent transport analysis to support our objection.


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GLF's "Return to Kyoto" will focus on sustainable landscapes as a critical part of the climate solution. Organized back-to-back with the 49th session of the IPCC, releasing its Special Report on Climate Change and Land, the event will bring together experts from academia, policy and practice in Kyoto, combined with a large digital outreach including online discussion forums and video messages around the world in different time zones. The event will cover practical and immediate actions for a climate-smart future, such as changes in trade, food production, investments, lifestyle and diet.


text:
Home Politics Foreign Policy "Iran-Turkey-Russia Cooperation Bearing Fruit in Syria"
Translated by IFP
"Iran-Turkey-Russia Cooperation Bearing Fruit in Syria"
Iranian President Hassan Rouhani has discussed a range of bilateral and regional issues, including the results of ongoing Syria Peace Talks, in separate meetings with his Turkish and Russian counterparts in Ankara.
During his meeting with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Rouhani expressed his deep appreciation for Turkey's hosting of Syria summit and said the joint efforts by Iran, Russia and Turkey have led to considerable achievements in fight against terrorism in Syria and the efforts should continue.
The Iranian president then called on the Islamic states especially Turkey to put more attempts into resolving the issue of Palestine and added the oppressed nation of Palestine who are entitled to return to their homelands are being massacred by Israeli regime.
He also underlined the urgency of expanding ties between Iran and Turkey.
"The strengthening of ties between Iran and Turkey has significant consequences in a number of issues like ensuring security, peace and stability in the regional states especially Yemen, preserving regional states' territorial integrity, preventing the change of geographical borders in the region, putting an end to ultra-regional meddling in the internal affairs of the regional states and all-out fight against terrorism," he was quoted as saying in a Farsi report by the Iranian President's official website.
He called for expansion of ties with Turkey in areas including border cooperation, fight against organized crimes and drug trafficking, tourism, customs, banking, transit and energy.
The Iranian president said today there are appropriate opportunities and capacities for foreign investments in Iran saying Turkish businesspeople and investors can strengthen their presence in Iran's economy.
For his part, the Turkish president said the High Council of Strategic Cooperation between Iran and Turkey will hold a meeting soon in Turkey.
He also described as constructive the two sides' cooperation in resolving regional issues especially in war on terror.
Iran, Russia to Continue Strategic Cooperation
In a separate meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin, the Iranian president referred to the growing relations between Iran and Russia and added the two sides strategic cooperation is aimed at promoting stability and security at the regional and international levels.
He called for full implementation of Iran-Russia agreements signed in economic, energy, transportation and transit fields and added further enhancement of banking relations between Iran and Russia could help their economies flourish.
"By economic relations and exchanges through their national currencies, the two sides can establish closer cooperation," he added.
Rouhani underlined bilateral and multi-lateral relations between the two sides especially in summits on Syria should continue to speed up the process to restore peace and stability to Syria.
He referred to the 12 meetings held between him and Putin over the past four years and said Iran and Russia have similar stances on many regional and international issues.
The Iranian president also called on all involved sides in Iran's nuclear deal to remain committed to their pledges.
"If we can't reap the fruits of the JCPOA, we will make an appropriate decision about it."
He also called for further attempts by Iran and Russia to put an immediate end to the massacre of Yemenis and the humanitarian crisis in the impoverished country brought about by Saudi Arabia's war.
For his part, Putin called for further expansion of ties between Iran and Russia in various fields and said his country is interested in making further investments in Iran's economy.
He said the two sides should put more efforts into expanding their banking relations and using their national currencies in bilateral trade exchanges.
The Russian president said Iran remains committed to the JCPOA and called on the international community to back the full implementation of the nuclear deal.
"Any blow to the nuclear deal will tarnish regional and international diplomacy."
He praised Iran as a big regional player with a smart nation and concluded Iran should achieve its appropriate status at regional level with all other states respecting it.
Iran-Russia Relations
Iran-Syria Relations Relations
Iran-Turkey Relations
Syria Peace Talks
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Anaesthesia is the largest medical speciality at SASH. The department of anaesthesia supports all surgical operations, plus 4,200 trauma cases per year and the delivery of 4,000-4,500 babies annually. We also administer local anaesthesia to patients having cataract surgery in a special theatre on Limpsfield Ward.
We have a specially trained nurse who works with the anaesthetic team to insert long-term intravenous lines, known as PICC lines (peripherally inserted central catheters). This allows patients to receive intravenous antibiotics, total parental nutrition and chemotherapy in their home.
Our anaesthetics team is renowned in the South East for its active teaching programme, providing theatre experience for trainee anaesthetists from the Kent, Surrey and Sussex Deanery. We run a yearly regional anaesthesia course which attracts attendees from all grades across the UK and the department of anaesthesia also runs the simulation centre at East Surrey Hospital which is used to train SASH junior doctors, nurses and clinical staff in a variety of crisis scenarios.
The team runs a 24-hour emergency theatre, seven days a week, for patients requiring emergency surgery. There is also a dedicated theatre for trauma patients every day.
The anaesthetic team provides ward-based epidurals and patient-controlled analgesia for patients with post-operative pain, supported by nursing and pharmacy staff.
We have a team of consultant anaesthetists with a special interest in obstetric anaesthesia and analgesics (pain relief). The dedicated obstetric theatre is adjacent to the Delivery Suite, but part of the main theatre complex. The anaesthetists offer a 24-hour epidural service for pain relief, including a patient-controlled analgesia, using the drug Remifentanil, for patients giving birth who can't have, or don't want, an epidural.
The specialist obstetric anaesthesia consultants run three clinics a month at East Surrey Hospital for mothers-to-be with high-risk pregnancy, where the options for pain relief and anaesthesia can be discussed. Referrals come from the midwives and obstetricians.
The Delivery Suite at East Surrey Hospital also has a high dependency unit for women with a complicated pregnancy. This is jointly managed by obstetricians, midwives and the anaesthetics team.


These rules shall govern petit jury assembly, selection, and management in all courts of the State of Indiana. Rules 2 through 10 shall govern grand jury assembly and selection.
The judges of the trial courts shall administer the jury assembly process. The judges may appoint clerical personnel to aid in the administration of the jury system. Any person appointed to administer the jury assembly process is a jury administrator. The jury administrator shall compile the jury pool annually by selecting names from lists approved by the Supreme Court. In compiling the jury pool, the jury administrator shall avoid duplication of names.
The jury administrator shall randomly draw names from the jury pool as needed to establish jury panels for jury selection. Prospective jurors shall not be drawn from bystanders or any source except the jury pool.
(a) Single tier notice and summons. The jury administrator may send a summons at the same time the jury qualification form and notice is mailed. If so, the jury administrator shall send the jury qualification form and summons to prospective jurors at least six (6) weeks before jury service.
(b) Two tier notice and summons. The jury administrator may send summons at a later time. If the jury administrator sends the jury qualification form and notice first, the jury administrator shall summon prospective jurors at least one (1) week before service.
The summons shall include the following information: directions to court, parking, public transportation, compensation, court policies regarding the use of electronic communication devices (i.e. cell phones, PDAs, smart phones, etc.), attire, meals, and how to obtain auxiliary aids and services required by the Americans with Disabilities Act. The judge may direct the jury administrator to include a questionnaire to be completed by each prospective juror.
A judge may order prospective jurors to appear upon less notice when, in the course of jury selection, it becomes apparent that additional prospective jurors are required in order to complete jury selection.
A judge may authorize the jury administrator to use technological programs for receiving responses to juror qualification forms or to supplement information provided to jurors in the notice of selection and summons. The judge may authorize automated telephone services or web-based programs which include appropriate verification, such as juror identification numbers, PIN numbers, and passwords. The judge must ensure that jurors who are unable or unwilling to use these technological programs are able to complete the proper forms and receive the above-required information by contacting the jury administrator.
A person may claim exemption from jury service only if the person (1) has completed a term of jury service in the twenty-four (24) months preceding the date of the person's summons, or (2) is exempt from jury service pursuant to an exemption expressly provided by statute.
The judge or judge's designee may authorize deferral of jury service for up to one (1) year upon a showing of hardship, extreme inconvenience, or necessity.
The facts supporting juror disqualifications, exemptions, and deferrals shall be recorded under oath or affirmation. No disqualification, exemption, or deferral shall be authorized unless the facts support it. These records shall be kept for a minimum of two (2) years.
(a) A person who appears for service as a petit juror serves until the conclusion of the first trial in which the juror is sworn, regardless of the length of the trial or the manner in which the trial is disposed. A person who appears for service by reporting to the courthouse and being recorded as present for jury service and not deferred but is not selected and sworn as a juror completes the person's service when jury selection is completed; provided, however, jurors who are called for jury service are eligible to serve in any court in that county on the day summoned.
may not be selected for another jury panel until all nonexempt persons in the jury pool for that year have been called for jury duty.
(c) A person who serves until jury selection is completed, but is not chosen to serve as a juror may be placed back in the jury pool and eligible for additional terms of service upon making a written request to the court.
Personal information relating to a juror or prospective juror not disclosed in open court is confidential, other than for the use of the parties and counsel. The court shall maintain that confidentiality to an extent consistent with the constitutional and statutory rights of the parties.
Trial courts shall provide prospective jurors with orientation prior to the selection process so they may understand their role in our legal system. Jury orientation shall include a standard presentation recommended by the Indiana Judicial Conference.
Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, jury selection shall be recorded including all sidebar conferences.
(9) The rules regarding challenges.
(b) To facilitate the jury panel's understanding of the case, with the court's consent the parties may present brief statements of the facts and issues (mini opening statements) to be determined by the jury.
Examination of jurors shall be governed by Trial Rule 47(D).
(a) In all criminal cases, if the defendant is charged with: murder, a Class A, B, or C felony, including any enhancement(s), a Level 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 felony, including any enhancement(s) the jury shall consist of twelve (12) persons, unless the parties and the court agree to a lesser number of jurors. If the defendant is charged with any other crime, the jury shall consist of six (6) persons. The court shall determine the number of alternate jurors to be seated. The verdict shall be unanimous.
(b) In all civil cases, the jury shall consist of six (6) persons, unless the parties agree to a lesser number of jurors before the jury is selected. The verdict shall be unanimous, unless the parties stipulate before the verdict is announced that a verdict or finding of a stated majority of the jurors shall be taken as the verdict or finding of the jury. The number of alternate jurors shall be governed by Trial Rule 47(B).
(7) that jurors, including alternates, may seek to ask questions of the witnesses by submission of questions in writing.
(8) that jurors, including alternates, are permitted to discuss the evidence among themselves in the jury room during recesses from trial when all are present, as long as they reserve judgment about the outcome of the case until deliberations commence. The court shall admonish jurors not to discuss the case with anyone other than fellow jurors during the trial.
(7) talk to any of the parties, their lawyers, any of the witnesses, or members of the media, or anyone else about the case, including posting information, text messaging, email, Internet chat rooms, blogs, or social websites.
(c) It is assumed that the court will cover other matters in the preliminary instructions.
(d) The court shall provide each juror with the written instructions while the court reads them.
(a) In criminal cases, the prosecution shall state briefly the evidence that supports its case. The defense may then state briefly the evidence in support of the defense, but has the right to decline to make an opening statement.
(b) In civil cases, the party with the burden of going forward may briefly state the evidence that supports its case. The adverse party may then briefly state the evidence in support of its case.
Unless the court otherwise directs, the party with the burden of going forward shall produce evidence first, followed by presentation of evidence by the adverse party.
The parties may then respectively offer rebuttal evidence only, unless the court, for good cause shown, permits them to offer evidence upon their original case.
In both criminal and civil cases, the court may authorize the use of juror trial books to aid jurors in performing their duties.
(d) copies of exhibits admitted for trial.
If the court receives information that a juror has personal knowledge about the case, the court shall examine the juror under oath in the presence of the parties and outside the presence of the other jurors concerning that knowledge.
If the court finds that the juror has personal knowledge of a material fact, the juror shall be excused, and the court shall replace that juror with an alternate. If there is no alternate juror, then the court shall discharge the jury without prejudice, unless the parties agree to submit the cause to the remaining jurors.
(b) the place in which a material fact occurred.
The place shall be shown to the jury by a person appointed by the court for that purpose. While the jury is absent for the view, no person, other than the person appointed to show the place to the jury, shall speak to the jury on any subject connected with the trial. Counsel for the parties shall have the right to accompany the jury but shall not speak to the jury.
(3) the manner of weighing the testimony received.
The court shall provide each juror with written instructions before the court reads them. Jurors shall retain the written instructions during deliberations. The court may, in its discretion, give some or all final instructions before final arguments, and some or all final instructions after final arguments.
(b) The court shall instruct the bailiff to collect and store all computers, cell phones or other electronic communication devices from jurors upon commencing deliberations. The court may authorize appropriate communications (i.e. arranging for transportation, childcare, etc.) that are not related to the case and may require such communications to be monitored by the bailiff. Such devices shall be returned upon completion of deliberations or when the court permits separation during deliberations. Courts that prohibit such devices in the courthouse are not required to provide this instruction. All courts shall still admonish jurors regarding the limitations associated with the use of such devices if jurors are permitted to separate during deliberations.
If the parties argue the case to the jury, the party with the burden of going forward shall open and close the argument. The party which opens the argument must disclose in the opening all the points relied on in the case. If, in the closing, the party which closes refers to any new point or fact not disclosed in the opening, the adverse party has the right to reply to the new point or fact. The adverse party's reply then closes the argument in the case.
If the jury advises the court that it has reached an impasse in its deliberations, the court may, but only in the presence of counsel, and, in a criminal case the parties, inquire of the jurors to determine whether and how the court and counsel can assist them in their deliberative process. After receiving the jurors' response, if any, the court, after consultation with counsel, may direct that further proceedings occur as appropriate.
(4) not listen to or read any outside or media accounts of the trial.
(b) The court shall not permit the jury to separate during deliberation in criminal cases unless all parties consent to the separation and the instructions found in section "a" of this rule are given.
When the jury has agreed upon its verdict, the foreperson shall sign the appropriate verdict form. When returned into court, the judge shall read the verdict. The court or either party may poll the jury. If a juror dissents from the verdict, the jury shall again be sent out to deliberate.


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Home Review Shop Nintendo Graceful Explosion Machine Review – This Ship's Alright
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Graceful Explosion Machine Review – This Ship's Alright
Matt Sternberg
Graceful Explosion Machine Review
Author: M.S.
System: Switch
These past 4 months have been some of the strongest for the videogames industry in recent memory, maybe even ever. In what is usually reserved for the winter holiday months, this influx of titles is nothing short of staggering in their breath, diversity, quality and maybe most importantly, their time commitments. From promising new IP such as Horizon, to the soon to be niche cult favorite's in Nier: Automata, to the landmark achievement of Link's new tale in the Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild, we've had no shortage of options of what to play, but instead are now plagued by a shortage of time that many of these epics require us to surrender in order to appreciate their majesty. This is a perfect time for a game like Nintendo Switch's Graceful Explosion Machine to – pardon the pun – explode onto the scene.
The first venture from Vertex Pop – a small studio run out of my hometown of Toronto – Graceful Explosion Machine's colorful take on the classic Shoot-em-up (Shmup) genre is a fast, fluid, and fun indie title that nails the gameplay of the best of its contemporaries, but makes severe miscalculations with regards to its core game design that prevents it from being a true classic.
At its heart Graceful Explosion Machine is your standard Shmup. You control The GEM Fighter, the most advanced single pilot ship in the universe. Lost in the middle of space, it is your job to explore an array of Gem-infested alien planets in order to gain the energy resources to help you get back home. The entire story is packed in efficiently into two brief cutscenes that bookend the almost 40 levels split between 4 planets you will explore over the course of your 5 plus hours in the depths of dangerous space.
No danger is too great for your little yellow (space) submarine though. After a brief couple of tutorial levels, you will be outfitted with all you need to take on the alien menace that resides on each planet. These come in the form of 4 distinct types of weapons: Blaster, Energy Sword, Sniper Beam, and Missiles. The Blaster shoots forward-facing projectiles at enemies, the Energy Sword emits an AOE that takes care of enemies closing in from either side, the Sniper Beam releases a slow and narrow, but powerful, burst of energy that can take out large stationary threats, and the Missiles fire a wide spread of small concussive blasts that can create space while taking out an onslaught of foes. Each of these armaments are affixed to a corresponding face button and along with the trigger buttons, which control the direction of the ship (L Trigger) and let your ship dash through enemies, (R Trigger), you will have more than enough options to get you through the thick of things. It all comes down to your abilities as the player.
What makes Graceful Explosion Machine a joy to play is the interplay between these different tools at your disposal. You can't just focus on one type of weapon because each is tied to a cooldown meter of sorts. For example the Blaster – what is essentially your default weapon – will overheat if you fire too long, while your other 3 weapons' usage is governed by an energy pool that is powered by gems dropped from enemies. Each weapon's effectiveness is also tailored to the decimation of a different species of enemy so if you were planning on going all in with one weapon Rambo styles, you aren't going to get far.
The Blaster is effective on taking out one-hit grunts with ease while Missiles are effective to mop up enemies in the distance that are triggered to explode once hit. There's a risk/reward decision regarding what weapon to use at what time. Wasting precious energy with a Sniper Beam on a solitary, powerful enemy in front of you might rob you of the ability to use your Energy Sword to take out the swarm quickly encroaching you from above and behind. Nothing is more exciting than facing a seemingly unwinnable situation with the screen littered with dozens of enemies only to maximize the utility of your weapon inputs and come out on winning side. It's this effectiveness that is the ultimate goal as the game employs a score-based system that is rewarded by the careful execution and chaining of attacks and its one that will sink its hooks into if you let it. Unfortunately the game doesn't do a good job setting itself up for success in this regard.
Grace Explosion Machine might have its gameplay down pat with silky smooth controls and its simple but deep systems, but it is let down by a huge oversight: it's game design philosophies. The biggest issue is with its level design and how it implements said level design. Each one is comprised of 3 stages, which are completed by wiping out enough waves of enemies before you get hit 3 times. During these stages the more enemy kills you chain together without getting hit or taking to much time between kills, the higher your multiplier will be and this multiplier carries over to each of these stages. If you lose the multiplier – and you will often – the game will tempt you to restart and go for a more fluid run, as gunning for an S rank is the ultimate goal. The problem with this system is that even though the game graciously restarts you from the beginning of a stage upon death – each level grants you 2 lives – you will in turn lose your entire score up until that point. This is absolutely frustrating seeing as accumulating a high score is the main draw here and the only other reward for completing a level is unlocking another level. You may ask, "Well isn't that the main point of any level-based videogame?" You would be correct in most cases, except what's presented here is a string of uninspired levels that rarely feel distinguishable from one another, save for a few new enemy types that pop up every so often. This is even more disappointing once you realize that each world houses the same exact level design and structure only outfitted with a different color skin for the background.
It was brutal anytime I would scrape into the final stage of a level with a single remaining hit point only to be obliterated close to 10 minutes into my run and either have to restart from the beginning or continue for the sake of finishing the level. I don't remember the last game I played where completing a level felt like going through the motions. For a game that's built around the idea of score-attack hunting, its level-based structure is completely antithetical to the gameplay that is presented. It's a shame because the final level of each world turns things around with a solitary stage that requires the player to accumulate enough kills to open the Gem gate. It is exactly what the game should have been going for from the start. If only they had implemented their level design with a mission–based structure similar to a games like Gradius or R-Type or had even gone for a more rogue-like action game with upgradeable weapons alongside harder enemies, the excellent gameplay on display would have shone brightly. Instead Vertex Pop went very barebones and middle of the road and unfortunately a lot of the successes that this game could have been championed for become lost to the fact that there's barely anything resembling a carrot on the end of a stick.
The game's presentation is solid and pleasing for the most part. On the Switch's small screen, the cute and colorful 2D sprites and mayhem explode off the screen and are easy on the eyes, but upon closer inspection – or blown up on the big screen – the art design is reminiscent of that of a glossy looking flash game. It's not necessarily a bad thing, but it isn't the most inspired looking game. The music and sound design are also decent if not particularly memorable, but the most disappointing element has to be the much-ballyhooed HD Rumble implementation. It wasn't until a couple hours into playing the game that I even remembered that the game supported the feature and that should tell you as much as you need to know. To be fair, when I did pay closer attention, I found a subtle difference in vibration across the use of each of the 4 different types of weapons, but it was nothing to write home about and frankly didn't help to lift HD Rumble out of gimmick status.
At a time where games are as daunting as they are engrossing, a game like Graceful Explosion Machine might just be the ticket for those looking to get right into the action with something to just pick up and play. It's always fun to blow shit up and with the frame of mind, the game delivers in spades, benefited with great gameplay mechanics and the rush you'll get from mastering them to achieve a high score. Unfortunately the game does it's best to hide its best qualities with an uninspired and lazy level design that doesn't reward the player enough to keep going for that next hit as often as you would hope for. There's a great game buried deep in the source code of Graceful Explosion Machine, but for now we'll have to settle with a solid blueprint. Here's hoping the talented team a Vertex Pop can fully deliver on their sophomore effort. If not, at least the ship they created is super adorbz.
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A supersoft Geelong lambswool jumper made in Scotland using only the highest quality yarns and finished using the beautiful soft water of the Scottish Borders. Available in four different colours. The vee is deep and the jumper has side splits for a more contemporary tunic look. Wash with Campbell's of Beauly Woolly Wash.


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Opinion: Ian McConnell: Pandora's box of Brexit woe as Biden and Pelosi intervene
By Ian McConnell @ianmcconnellHT Group Business Editor
Joe Biden has said 'we can't allow the Good Friday Agreement...to become a casualty of Brexit'. Picture: Win McNamee/Getty Images
US presidential candidate Joe Biden's intervention last week on the UK's increasingly bizarre and dangerous-looking Brexit odyssey highlighted the gulf between the big promises of Boris Johnson's Government and reality.
The Democratic candidate took to Twitter last Wednesday to declare: "We can't allow the Good Friday Agreement that brought peace to Northern Ireland to become a casualty of Brexit. Any trade deal between the US and UK must be contingent upon respect for the Agreement and preventing the return of a hard border. Period."
His intervention came after the Conservative Government's controversial internal market bill cleared its first hurdle in the House of Commons on Monday last week, in spite of concerns over a breach of international law in the context of the withdrawal agreement signed by the UK and EU in January.
The UK Government's decision to bring forward legislation which could override key aspects of the existing withdrawal agreement with the EU relating to Northern Ireland has of course caused widespread concern at home and among our long-suffering European Union neighbours.
READ MORE: Opinion: Ian McConnell: Moderate Tory voices absent as UK Brexit crusade at full tilt
Mr Biden's intervention came hard on the heels of Democratic House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi's warning the previous week that any move by the UK to erect a physical customs border between Northern Ireland and EU member Ireland meant "absolutely no chance" for a US-UK trade deal.
She said: "If the UK violates that international treaty and Brexit undermines the Good Friday accord, there will be absolutely no chance of a US-UK trade agreement passing the Congress. The Good Friday Agreement is treasured by the American people."
Both of these interventions are stark reminders of the wider global ramifications of Mr Johnson's move to go back on a key, and politically charged, aspect of his Government's previous agreement with the EU. And that is even before we get to the longer-term reputational damage to the UK of such behaviour.
Paul Sheerin, chief executive of industry body Scottish Engineering, wrote in The Herald on Monday: "As someone whose working purpose is to represent the best interests of Scotland's engineering manufacturing sector, thankfully the wider implications of this move in areas such as the Good Friday Agreement and the UK's devolved administrations I can leave for others to chew over. However, the further erosion of trust and goodwill with the UK's largest trading partner – 43% of exports in 2019 – resulting from this [internal market] bill is something I am happy to wade in on, as I am yet to find anyone in my industry willing to defend an action that tears up a legally binding agreement signed and celebrated by the same Government just months before."
He added: "Even in the event that such strategy delivers an agreement, we should consider at what cost if it's achieved through the use of such a threat. Who would want to do business with a UK that behaves in such a way? Inwardly invested businesses (owned outside of the UK) in Scotland represent a very small proportion of our companies and a much larger proportion of our employment and gross value-added. Some are headquartered in Europe and some will have choices where to base their high-value operations providing quality skilled employment."
READ MORE: Opinion: Ian McConnell: Rock-bottom hopes of sense on Brexit but Tories still disappoint
We are a very long way indeed from Mr Johnson's promise last autumn of an "oven-ready" Brexit deal.
It is perhaps just as well, in terms of the time it is taking the Tory kitchen to prepare this order, that Mr Johnson is not a restaurant owner.
Sadly though, this is a far more serious matter than a tardy kitchen with some perplexed diners.
It is a shambles of epic proportions, one that was entirely unnecessary and has arisen from the grim ideology of Brexit, with all its insularity and anti-immigration rhetoric.
Remember the jubilant Brexiters' declamations, after they "won" the 2016 vote, about the big new trade deals the UK would now be free to go on to secure? Completely ignoring the fact that they were, with their determination to leave the single market, giving up much larger benefits in terms of truly frictionless trade with the UK's biggest trading partner and the economic advantages of free movement of people and immigration flows.
Of course, the Brexiters' promises have come to nought, with the UK having failed spectacularly to move towards anything meaningful in terms of trade deals that it would not have had as part of the EU. Much-vaunted progress with Japan is around a deal that largely replicates the existing agreement between the East Asian country and the EU.
The Tory vision of a welter of big new trade deals the UK could not have had as part of the EU looks in any case to be a pipe dream, and any future prospects might be hampered if countries look at the Conservative Government's attitude to the EU withdrawal agreement.
Mr Biden's comments last week, and Ms Pelosi's remarks earlier this month, obviously highlight potentially major problems for a UK-US trade deal.
The UK has been engaged in several rounds of talks on a free trade agreement with the US. The signs are that, in spite of an outpouring of enthusiasm from the UK side about the US that has been in stark contrast to an at-best-tetchy attitude to the EU, significant stumbling blocks remain in efforts to negotiate an agreement.
And that is before we get to the US presidential election in November.
READ MORE: Opinion: Ian McConnell: If this is not time-wasting, just what is the Tory Brexit game?
Mr Biden has made his view on Brexit and Northern Ireland clear. And, regardless of the outcome of his battle with Donald Trump, the House of Representatives is expected to remain in Democratic hands after the November elections. A trade deal on the scale being negotiated between the US and UK, if it ever comes to fruition, is expected to require the approval of Congress. So Mr Johnson and his Brexit-minded Cabinet would do well to reflect on Ms Pelosi's "absolutely no chance" remarks.
Even if a US trade deal were to be finalised, the economic benefits of such an agreement, based on the very calculations of the Johnson Government, would be chicken feed relative to what the UK stands to lose from the Tories' incomprehensible drive to irritate our EU neighbours.
And we also need to keep in mind that a Brexit which clamps down on immigration from European Economic Area countries will cause major damage to the UK economy over years and decades even if the Johnson Government is yet able to secure an average free trade agreement with the EU.
The Conservative Government has noted in its own paper on its sought-after trade deal with the US that such an agreement could, in the longer term, boost UK gross domestic product by around 0.07% or 0.16% under two different scenarios.
The Theresa May government forecasts, published in November 2018, show, even if there were no change to migration arrangements with Brexit, UK GDP in 15 years' time under a no-deal scenario would be 7.7% lower than if we had stayed in the EU.
We now know beyond doubt, of course, that the Conservatives plan to clamp down on immigration dramatically, and have pushed ahead with legislation to enable that.
On the basis there is zero net inflow of workers to the UK from EEA countries, the forecasts from Mrs May's government have it that GDP in 15 years' time would in a no-deal exit be around 9.3% lower than in a scenario in which the UK had remained in the EU. If the UK were to conclude an average free trade agreement with the EU, the hit to GDP would be 6.7% on the scenario of zero net inflow of EEA workers, according to the forecasts.
All in all, it looks to be one problem after another for Mr Johnson. It is almost as if his Government's solution is to become noisier as the troubles mount. Sadly, such tub-thumping looks highly counter-productive.
Brexit is proving to be a real Pandora's box for the Leavers, taking at face value a euphoric attitude from them which has suggested they did not foresee the problems many millions of others did.
The Johnson Government had the chance to shut the lid of the box by putting off the grim day when the transition period ends and the UK leaves the European single market. However, it refused to agree an extension of the December 31 end-date by the deadline of July 1.
The EU was willing to agree an extension, but the UK set itself against so doing, even as the huge economic fall-out from the human tragedy that is the coronavirus pandemic became ever clearer.
The Pandora's box of Greek mythology is today used to describe "any source of great and unexpected troubles" or, alternatively, "a present which seems valuable but which in reality is a curse".
The troubles are great, although unexpected largely to Brexiters it seems, with Remainers never in any doubt over the Leave folly.
Having said that, it may be that the Leavers, including those in Mr Johnson's Cabinet, will refuse to acknowledge the "great and unexpected troubles" even as these develop around them, with the seeming disregard for the fury caused by the internal market bill just the latest example of a head-in-the-sand approach.
Meanwhile, the first element of the latter version applies only to the Brexiters – nearly half of the population in the UK and a big majority in Scotland never saw the right-wing Tory "present" of Brexit as "valuable". That Brexit is in reality a curse is a plain and simple fact, already proved by subsequent events, even before we get to the real woe.


There are certain things that I love about Summer in Spain. One of the things I love the most here is that the days are so long that it seems that you can live three lives in less than 24 hours. It is so warm, and the sunlight hours are so many that although in the mornings you might be at the office, at noon you have enough time to eat out with your family (even if it's a bit later than usual) and in the afternoons, take an ice cream or go for a couple of drinks with your friends. Therefore, my main principle in these months is to put on versatile and very flexible outfits that allow me to adapt to both the early hours of the day and the events happening in the afternoon.
This outfit, however, is not very suitable to go to the office. In this case, I used it to go out in the afternoon with my family, but I do not think I would ever wear shorts for work. I have done it sometimes but on very specific occasions. I do not like to wear shorts to work or classes, because my legs usually get stuck to the chairs, and it is not very comfortable. I prefer to use fluid jumpsuits made of light fabrics, even if they come with long pants. For me, these are much more comfortable, but in this case, this is the outfit that seemed most suitable for those circumstances, with that intense pink shirt with statement sleeves. They almost remind me of the traditional flamenco dresses' ruffles, which I think it's a very fun detail to add.


text:
Anna Citrino—Poetry, Place, Pilgrimage
A journey through words into life
Anna Citrino
Connections: Poetry, Art and Music
A native Californian, I was born in eastern San Diego County, though I've lived in various countries since 1991–Turkey, Kuwait, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, India, and the United Kingdom. Currently, I live amongst the redwoods in California's Santa Cruz mountains with my husband, Michael Citrino teacher, artist, gardener, and blues harmonica player.
Scuba diving, bicycling, and travel are some of my most favorite activities. I write often about place, listening for the voices that arise from the places where the inner journey greets the outer journey. I love being out of doors under the open, blue sky.
Together with Michael Citrino and also Richard and Catherine Frazier I've done volunteer work in teacher training for teachers at the Tibetan Children's Village schools in India, as well as teachers in Ladakh, India. You can learn more about this work at this site Partners in Education
I received my MA from the Bread Loaf School of English in Vermont, and have participated in various writing workshops and creativity conferences including the Bard Institute for Writing and Thinking, Flight of the Mind, and the Kenyon Review Writer's Workshop.
My chapter, "E-mail Publication Projects," appears in Chris Weber's book, Publishing With Students, published by Heinemann.
Contact me at: annacitrino@gmail.com
Anna Citrino grew up in San Diego County and taught abroad in international schools in the countries of Turkey, Kuwait, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, India and the United Kingdom. Her current home is Soquel, California. A graduate of the Bread Loaf School of English in Vermont, Ms. Citrino's work has appeared in various literary journals including The Adirondack Review, Calyx, Canary, Earth's Daughters, Evening Street Review, La Piccioletta Barca, Paterson Literary Review, phren-z, Poppy Road Review, Rockvale Review, and Spillway, among other publications. She is the chapbook author of Saudade and To Find A River. Her book, A Space Between was published in December 2019 with Bordighera Press. You can read more of Anna's writing at annacitrino.com.
Follow Anna Citrino—Poetry, Place, Pilgrimage on WordPress.com
Music's Power to Unify
The Incense of Fallen Leaves and the Seeds of Music
Lamentation, Joy, and Jory Post's Poetry
Transforming Walls
Finding Our Lullabies
To Bodhgaya and Beyond


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Em física matemática, uma curva fechada de tipo tempo (do inglês: closed timelike curve - CTC) é uma linha do universo em um distribuidor Lorentziano, de um material de partículas no espaço-tempo que é "fechado", retornando ao seu ponto de partida. Esta possibilidade foi descoberta por Willem Jacob van Stockum em 1937 e mais tarde confirmada por Kurt Gödel em 1949, que descobriu uma solução para as equações da relatividade geral (RG), permitindo as CTCs conhecidos como métrica de Gödel; e, desde então, outras soluções da RG contendo as CTCs foram encontradas, como o cilindro Tipler e buracos de minhoca passíveis de travessia. Se as CTCs existem, sua existência parece implicar, pelo menos, a possibilidade teórica de viagem no tempo para trás no tempo, aumentando o espectro do paradoxo do avô, embora o princípio de autoconsistência de Novikov pareça mostrar que tais paradoxos poderiam ser evitados. Alguns físicos especulam que os CTCs, que aparecem em certas soluções da RG podem ser governadas por uma futura teoria da gravidade quântica, que iria substituir a RG, uma ideia que Stephen Hawking rotulou como a conjectura de proteção cronológica. Outros observam que, se cada curva fechada de tipo tempo em um determinado espaço-tempo passa através de um horizonte de evento, uma propriedade que pode ser chamada censura cronológica, então que o espaço-tempo com o horizonte de evento excisados ainda seria causalmente bem comportado e um observador pode não ser capaz de detectar a violação causal.

Cones de luz

Ao discutir a evolução de um sistema em relatividade geral, ou mais especificamente, o espaço de Minkowski, os físicos muitas vezes se referem a um "cone de luz". Um cone de luz representa qualquer possível evolução futura de um objeto dado o seu estado atual, ou todos os locais possíveis, dada a sua localização atual. Os possíveis locais futuros de um objeto são limitados pela velocidade que o objeto pode se mover, que é, no máximo, a velocidade da luz. Por exemplo, um objeto localizado na posição p no tempo t0 só pode mover para locais dentro de p + c(t1 − t0) pelo tempo t -1.

Isto é comumente representado em um gráfico com localizações físicas ao longo do eixo horizontal e o tempo correndo verticalmente, com unidades de  para o tempo e a ct para o espaço. Cones de luz nesta representação aparecem como linhas em 45 graus centrada no objeto, como a luz viaja a  por . No diagrama, cada possível localização futura do objeto encontra-se dentro do cone. Adicionalmente, cada localização espacial tem um tempo futuro, o que implica que um objeto pode ficar em qualquer local no espaço indefinidamente.

Qualquer ponto no diagrama é conhecido como um evento. Eventos separados são considerados tipo tempo ("timelike") se eles são separados entre o eixo do tempo, ou tipo espaço ("spacelike") se diferem ao longo do eixo de espaço. Se o objeto estava em queda livre, ele iria viajar até o eixo-t; se acelera, ele move-se através do eixo x também. O caminho real que um objeto traça através do espaço-tempo, ao contrário do que ele poderia tomar, é conhecido como a linha do universo ("worldline"). Outra definição é a de que o cone de luz representa todas as possíveis linhas do universo.

Em exemplos "simples" de métricas do espaço-tempo o cone de luz é dirigido para a frente no tempo. Isso corresponde para o caso comum de que um objeto não pode estar em dois lugares de uma só vez, ou alternativamente que ele não pode mover-se instantaneamente para outro local. Nestes espaços-tempo, as linhas de universo de objetos físicos são, por definição, tipo tempo. No entanto, esta orientação só é verdadeira em espaços-tempo "localmente planos". Em espaços-tempo curvados o cone de luz vai ser "inclinado" ao longo da geodésica do espaço-tempo. Por exemplo, ao mover-se nas proximidades de uma estrela, a gravidade da estrela irá "puxar" o objeto, afetando sua linha do universo, assim as suas possíveis posições futuras ficarão mais perto da estrela. Isto aparece como um cone de luz ligeiramente inclinado no correspondente diagrama de espaço-tempo. Um objeto em queda livre neste caso continua a mover-se ao longo de seu eixo- local, mas para um observador externo parece que está também a acelerar-se no espaço—uma situação comum se o objeto está em órbita, por exemplo.

Em exemplos extremos, em espaços-tempo com adequadas métricas de alta curvatura, o cone de luz pode ser inclinado para além de 45 graus. Isso significa que há potenciais posições "futuras", a partir do quadro de referência do objeto, que são separadas em tipo espaço para os observadores externos em um quadro de descanso. Deste ponto de vista externo, o objeto pode se mover-se instantaneamente através do espaço. Nestas situações, o objeto poderá ter de mover-se, pois sua presente localização espacial não estaria em seu próprio cone de luz futuro. Além disso, com inclinação suficiente, existem locais de eventos que estão no "passado", como visto a partir do lado de fora. Com uma movimentação adequada do que lhe parece seu próprio eixo de espaço, o objeto aparece para viajar através do tempo como visto externamente.

Uma curva fechada de tipo tempo pode ser criada se uma série de tais cones de luz são configuradas de modo a fazer um loop de volta, então seria possível para um objeto mover-se neste ciclo e voltar para o mesmo lugar e tempo em que ele começou. Um objeto em uma órbita do tipo voltaria várias vezes para o mesmo ponto no espaço-tempo se ele permanecesse em queda livre. Voltar para a localização original no espaço-tempo seria apenas uma possibilidade; o cone de luz futuro do objeto incluiria pontos no espaço-tempo para a frente e para trás no tempo, e por isso deveria ser possível para o objeto envolver-se em viagem no tempo sob essas condições.

Relatividade geral
Os CTCs aparecem em soluções exatas inquestionáveis localmente para as equações de campo de Einstein da relatividade geral, incluindo algumas das mais importantes soluções. Estas incluem:
 o espaço Misner (que é espaço de Minkowski orbivariado por um discreto aumento);
 o vácuo Kerr (que modela um buraco negro rotacionante e descarregado);
 o interior de uma buraco negro BTZ rotacionante;
 a poeira de van Stockum (que modela uma configuração de poeira cilindricamente simétrica);
 o Gödel lambdadust (que modela uma poeira com um termo cosmológico constante cuidadosamente escolhido);
 o cilindro de Tipler (uma métrica cilindricamente simétrica com os CTCs);
 soluções Bonnor-Steadman que descrevem situações de laboratório tais como duas bolas girando;
 J. Richard Gott propôs um mecanismo para criar os CTCs usando cordas cósmicas.
Alguns desses exemplos são, como o cilindro de Tipler, algo artificiais, mas a parte exterior da solução de Kerr é pensada para ser em algum sentido genérica, por isso é um bocado enervante saber que seu interior contém CTCs. A maioria dos físicos sensação de que os CTCs em tais soluções são artefatos.

Consequências
Uma característica de um CTC é que ele abre a possibilidade de uma linha do universo que não está ligada a tempos anteriores, e assim à existência de eventos que não podem ser rastreados para uma causa anterior. Normalmente, a causalidade exige que cada evento no espaço-tempo é precedido por sua causa em todo o quadro de descanso. Este princípio é fundamental no determinismo, que na linguagem da teoria geral da relatividade afirma que o conhecimento completo do universo em uma superfície Cauchy tipo espaço pode ser usado para calcular o estado completo do resto do espaço-tempo. No entanto, em um CTC, a causalidade é quebrada, porque um evento pode ser "simultâneo" com sua causa—em algum sentido, um evento pode ser capaz de causar si mesmo. É impossível determinar com base apenas no conhecimento do passado se algo que existe no CTC pode ou não interferir com outros objetos no espaço-tempo. Uma CTC portanto resulta em um horizonte de Cauchy, e uma região de espaço-tempo que não pode ser prevista a partir de perfeito conhecimento de algum tempo passado.

Nenhum CTC pode ser continuamente deformado como um CTC até um ponto (isto é, um CTC e um ponto não são homotópicos tipo tempo), pois o múltiplo não seria causalmente bem comportado nesse ponto. O recurso topológico que impede o CTC de ser deformada a um ponto é conhecido como um recurso topológico tipo tempo.

A existência de CTCs coloca restrições sobre os estados de campos de matéria-energia fisicamente permitidos no universo. Propagar uma configuração de campo ao longo da família de linhas do universo fechadas tipo tempo deve eventualmente resultar no estado que é idêntico ao original. Isso tem sido explorado por alguns cientistas como uma possível abordagem para refutar a existência dos CTCs.

A existência dos CTCs também implica equivalência de computação quântica e clássica (ambas em PSPACE).
Isto também implica que os computadores quânticos poderiam ser considerados máquinas do tempo a partir do ponto de vista de alguns observadores, embora isso seja altamente controverso, e sugira que a causalidade possa garantir a existência do multiverso.

Contraíveis versus não-contraíveis
Há duas classes de CTCs. Temos os CTCs contraíveis a um ponto (se já não insistirmos que estes têm de ser dirigidos ao futuro tipo tempo em todos os lugares), e temos os CTCs que não são contraíveis. Para estes últimos, podemos sempre ir para o espaço de cobertura universal, e restabelecer a causalidade. Para os primeiros, tal procedimento não é possível. Nenhuma curva fechada de tipo tempo é contraível a um ponto por uma homotopia tipo tempo entre curvas tipo tempo, pois este ponto não seria causalmente bem comportado.

Horizonte Cauchy
A conjunto violador de cronologia é o conjunto de pontos através do qual os CTCs passam. O limite deste conjunto é o horizonte de Cauchy. O horizonte de Cauchy é gerado por geodésicas nulo fechadas. Associado a cada geodésica fechada nula há um fator de mudança de vermelho que descreve o redimensionamento da taxa de variação do parâmetro afim em torno de um loop. Devido a este fator de desvio para o vermelho, o parâmetro afim termina em um valor finito após infinitamente muitas revoluções, porque a série geométrica converge.

Veja também
 Espaço-tempo
 Paradoxo do avô

Ligações externas
 Uma Cartilha sobre Viagem no Tempo (cópia de segurança no Internet Archive)

Viagem no tempo


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Wake up, Republicans. Your party stands for all the wrong things now.
President Trump at his Dec. 18 rally in Michigan. (Brittany Greeson/For The Washington Post)
By Stuart Stevens
January 1, 2020 at 10:00 AM EST
Stuart Stevens is a writer and GOP political consultant who is working with a political action committee that backs Bill Weld for president.
Here's a question: Does anybody have any idea what the Republican Party stands for in 2020?
One way to find out: As you are out and about marking the new year, it is likely you will come across a Republican to whom you can pose the question, preferably after a drink or two, as that tends to work as truth serum: "Look, I was just wondering: What's the Republican Party all about these days? What does it, well, stand for?"
I'm betting the answer is going to involve a noun, a verb and either "socialism" or "Democrats." Republicans now partly define their party simply as an alternative to that other party, as in "I'm a Republican because I'm not a Democrat."
In a long-forgotten era — say, four years ago — such a question would have elicited a very different answer. Though there was disagreement over specific issues, most Republicans would have said the party stood for some basic principles: fiscal sanity, free trade, strong on Russia, and that character and personal responsibility count. Today it's not that the Republican Party has forgotten these issues and values; instead, it actively opposes all of them.
Republicans are now officially the character-doesn't-count party, the personal-responsibility-just-proves-you-have-failed-to-blame-the-other-guy party, the deficit-doesn't-matter party, the Russia-is-our-ally party, and the I'm-right-and-you-are-human-scum party. Yes, it's President Trump's party now, but it stands only for what he has just tweeted.
A party without a governing theory, a higher purpose or a clear moral direction is nothing more than a cartel, a syndicate that exists only to advance itself. There is no organized, coherent purpose other than the acquisition and maintenance of power.
This is a sad fall. In Ronald Reagan's America, being born an American was to win life's lottery; in Donald Trump's America, it makes you a victim, a patsy, a chump.
Trump didn't hijack the GOP and bend it to his will. He did something far easier: He looked at the party, saw its fault lines and then offered himself as a pure distillation of accumulated white grievance and anger. He bet that Republican voters didn't really care about free trade or mutual security, or about the environment or Europe, much less deficits. He rebranded kindness and compassion as "PC" and elevated division and bigotry as the admirable goals of just being politically incorrect. Trump didn't make Americans more racist; he just normalized the resentments that were simmering in many households. In short, he let a lot of long-suppressed demons out of the box.
This paranoid element in the party has existed for decades, since the Joe McCarthy era, when some Republicans who saw dark forces threatening the country argued that only radical action by "true" Americans — white, Christian, conservative — could safeguard the nation. Barry Goldwater revived the theme in 1964, and George Wallace won five states with it as a third-party candidate in 1968. I worked in every Republican presidential campaign from 1996 through 2012 and assumed that those guys had long been vanquished and that optimism and inclusion had prevailed. I was wrong.
This impeachment moment and all that has led to it should signal a day of reckoning. A party that has as its sole purpose the protection and promotion of its leader, whatever he thinks, is not on a sustainable path. Can anyone force a change? I'm not optimistic. Trump won with 46.1 percent of the vote in 2016, while Mitt Romney lost with 47.2 percent in 2012; no wonder Republicans have convinced themselves that the path to victory and power lies with angry division. Having ignored the warning signs for years myself, I know the seductive lure of believing what you prefer while ignoring the obvious truth.
Which is this: We are a long way — more than a half-century — from 1968, much less 1952. The United States is now a diverse, chaotic collection of 330 million people, a country of immigrants and multiculturalism that is growing less white every day. It is not some gauzy Shangri-La of suburban bliss that never existed.
I'd like to say that I believe the party I spent so many years fighting for could rise to the challenge of this moment. But there have been too many lies for too long.
Read a letter in response to this piece: Democrats should be hammering Trump's deficit hypocrisy
The Post's View: The GOP is campaigning against voting — and it's winning in some states
Greg Sargent: Trump's GOP defenders cannot be shamed. It's time to try this instead.
Max Boot: For aiding Trump's abuse of power, the GOP deserves to be voted out of existence
Paul Waldman: Why the Republican commitment to lying will outlast Trump
Mark Sanford, Joe Walsh and Bill Weld: We are Trump's Republican challengers. Canceling GOP primaries is a critical mistake.
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text:
Q: Use and modify existing Opsworks stack in CloudFormation I want to create a stack in AWS CloudFormation that uses OpsWorks resources to create a new environment for my application. The thing is that my app needs the OpsWorks stack's id predefined, so I created it manually because I can't declare the id in CloudFormation's template. Is there a way to use this stack in CloudFormation and modify it (e.g. update Custom JSON)?
Thank you

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
El término Ovalau puede referirse a dos islas:

 Ovalau (Vava'u), una isla de Tonga;
 Ovalau (Fiyi), una isla de Fiyi.


These cotton rich socks have a cushioned sole for extra comfort and the massaging ribs on the foot are perfect for relaxation. The foot bed is anatomically designed for the left and right feet. This contours the sole giving you the maximum massaging effect and ultimate comfort.


According to Religion Today, twelve nurses who worked for the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey hospital were threatened with termination if they refused to help with abortions.
Fortunately, these nurses stood firm in their faith and banded together, hiring Alliance Defending Freedom to represent them. The nurses eventually won the case, and for now their religious beliefs are safe.
It would have been easy for these nurses to buckle under the pressure to preserve their jobs, but they held firm.
As assault on our religious liberties grows, many of us may need to please God by standing firm in our faith.


text:
Friedrich David Gräter (1768 – 1830) was one of the founders of the field of Scandinavian studies and Germanic philology in Germany.

A native of  Schwäbisch Hall, Gräter studied theology, philosophy, and philology in  Halle and Erlangen.
He worked as a gymnasium teacher of Greek and Hebrew in Schwäbisch Hall from 1804 as rector. He was a member of Pegnesischer Blumenorden from 1781 and member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences from 1792. He married Christiane Spittler in 1799. They had no children and divorced in 1803. In 1805, Gräter married Maria Elisabetha, née  Hofmann, widowed Seiferheld und Haspel, with whom he had a daughter. In 1818, he became rector of the gymnasium at Ulm. He retired in 1826 and moved to Schorndorf.

Gräter was among the first scholars to systematically approach old German and Scandinavian philology in the 1780s and 1790s.
He published an anthology of Old Norse poetry in 1789 (Nordische Blumen). He was the editor of the journals Bragur and Idunna und Hermode. He bitterly criticized the Romanticist character of the early publications of the Brothers Grimm. The enmity between Gräter and the Grimms contributed to a systematic suppression of Gräter's achievements in the earlier history of the field; in the opinion of Heinrichs (1986), the Grimms "all but succeeded in suppressing the founder of scholarly Nordic studies in Germany."

References

 Anne Heinrichs, "Die Brüder Grimm versus Friedrich David Gräter – ein fatales Zerwürfnis" in: Württembergisch Franken 70 (1986), 19–34.
 Dieter Narr, "Friedrich David Gräter und sein Beitrag zur Volkskunde" in Narr (ed.),  Studien zur Spätaufklärung im deutschen Südwesten (1979), 379–403.
 I. Schwarz, Friedrich David Gräter (1935).
 Friedrich David Gräter (Württembergisch Franken  52), Schwäbisch Hall (1968).
 Hans Dieter Haller, "Friedrich David Gräter (1768 bis 1830)", in: Pegasus auf dem Land – Schriftsteller in Hohenlohe (2006), 154–159.

German philologists
Germanists
Germanic studies scholars
1768 births
1830 deaths
People from Schwäbisch Hall


text:
Erasmus+ Incomings
Select topic Feedback of Exchange Students
Feedback of Exchange Students
Studying at BOKU
Topics for Students
International students coming to BOKU
https://boku.ac.at/en/international/themen/international-students-coming-to-boku/erasmus-incomings/feedback-von-austauschstudierenden
https://short.boku.ac.at/int-in-feedback-en.html
''Nice teachers, friendly students, very welcoming.'' (WS 2018-2019)
''Lovely city (lots of gardens, very good public transport, lots of activities).'' (SS 2018)
''The Welcome Days were really nice, as were all the activities. I also appreciated my courses and all the new friends that I have found from all over the world.'' (WS 2017-2018)
''I appreciated the kindness of the people working here. My department is really nice and I found the facilities here very good.'' (SS 2017)
"I liked the interesting courses at BOKU. Especially the nice team of tutors and events outside. It was amazing to get to know people from all over the world, their culture and food. I like the relaxed people in Vienna and the big alternative scene. " (Andrea, Germany, SS 2016)
"When I introspect on my time spent in Vienna, I have yet to fully appreciate the dynamism of the entire experience. And each time I think back, I learn something new about the travels to the neighbouring countries, road trips on the spur of the moment and being immersed in this natural science environment" (Irshaad, South Africa, WS 2015-2016)
"Eat Sachertorte, Kaiserschmarren, Marmeladepalatschinken and Schnitzel; eat Topfengolatsche for breakfast; drink Kaiserspritzer and Wiener Ottakringer; drink Zweigelt, Grüner Veltliner, Gelber Muskateller and Gemischter Satz; coffee in Cafe Liebling; Mariahilferstraße, Saunaparty, Museumsquartier, Tel Aviv Beach, Heuriger in Grinzing and Lisa. I don't regret it that I chose Vienna."
(Guiseppe, Italy, SS2015)
"The best at university was the way how professors make their lectures. The way of teaching is quite different to my home country."
(Celine, Belgium, SS2015)
"I also really liked the excursion from the university. We were in Tyrol and in Germany."
(Camille, France, SS2015)
"The funniest thing was the day at the fun park - Prater. We enjoyed all the attractions."
(Luc, Holland, SS2015)
"We did a road trip by car through Austria. That was great!"
(Martin, Slovakia, SS2015)
"Everything was perfect - the view, the atmosphere, Donaukanal with friends, dancing at the spanish night...the first semester was difficult for me, but the second was awesome."
(Paulina, Poland, WS+SS 2014/15)
"I liked the excursion to the winefields."
(Sallamaari, Finland, SS2015)
"In my opinion exchange students are supported very well. Info we received by email were quite helpful, e.g. the checklist for departure to be sure that all formalities are done before leaving Vienna. Contact with ZIB was always very kind and uncleared issues were eliminated fast." (2009/10)
"Any more help would be really too much." (2010/11)
At the end of their stay, our exchange students are asked to fill in an evaluation form about their stay. In the form they can compliment positive things, mention difficulties and make suggestions for improvements. Using these results the Center for International Relations tries to improve the stays of future exchange students.
Here you can find the evaluation results of the last few years:
2018/19: Winter semester
2017/18: Winter semester, Summer semester
Summary of the evaluations