text:
tags: CUI, FOIA, pidb
by Lauren Harper
Trump Appoints Loyalists – Including a Real Estate Lawyer – to PIDB
President Trump has recently appointed three new members to the Public Interest Declassification Board (PIDB) – an important presidential advisory committee "with the official mandate of promoting the fullest possible public access to a thorough, accurate, and reliable documentary record of significant U.S. national security decisions and activities." When at full capacity, the board consists of nine members – five presidential appointees "and one each by the Speaker and Minority Leader of the House, and the Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate. The PIDB's founding statute requires the appointment of U.S. citizens who are preeminent in the fields of history, national security, foreign policy, intelligence policy, social science, law, or archival science.
The Trump appointments to the board should be noted – and in at least one instance, challenged.
Ezra Cohen Watnick, the current acting Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security (and Michael Flynn protege), is nominated to chair the board,
Adam Telle, a long-time Republican committee staffer who has served as the majority clerk for the Subcommittee on Homeland Security – Committee on Appropriations, is nominated as a board member,
and Paul Noel Chretien, a real estate lawyer, is nominated as a board member.
The three-year appointments, particularly the last, should be scrutinized. While the PIDB has not always lived up to its potential, its members have always been well-versed in national security and classification issues – and one has to ask how a real estate lawyer meets these mandatory requirements.
DNI Drops CUI Bombshell
The Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe is asking the White House to revoke Executive Order 13556 – a 2010 directive to establish "an open and uniform program for managing" controlled unclassified intelligence (CUI). (The EO was an attempt to wrangle the sometimes incompatible controls concerning the 100+ distinct categories of unclassified information that require distribution restrictions.) In his Dec. 4, 2020 letter – itself marked For Official Use Only – to National Security Adviser Robert O'Brien, Ratcliffe says "Given the complexity of the program, I believe that the full rescission of E.O. 13556 is the only viable alternative".
Steve Aftergood reports that Ratcliffe's jarring request comes just as agencies are required to post their CUI implementation plans, and ignores that the EO has been "fully embraced" by most other agencies, including the Department of Defense. Rather bizarrely, Ratcliffe's memo "did not request an extension of time to achieve compliance, as he might ordinarily have done. Nor did he seek an exemption for intelligence agencies from the overall policy. Nor did he suggest another approach to address the persistent problem of identifying, sharing and protecting CUI whose broad contours have long been recognized, including by President Bush in 2008."
Aftergood notes that the memo may be counterproductive, writing that, "DNI Ratcliffe's 'strong opposition' to US Government policy on CUI together with his inability to formulate an acceptable alternate approach may, however, serve to elevate information policy as a priority for the Biden Administration."
Trump Admin Politicizes Unconfirmed Intel
In an extremely controversial move, the Trump administration has declassified uncorroborated intelligence alleging that the Chinese government is paying "non-state" actors in Afghanistan to kill American service personnel. (The intel does not specify if those non-state actors are the Taliban or another organized group.) IF the intelligence is true, it would mark a dramatic shift in the Chinese approach to the war in Afghanistan. The potential news also follows a July 2020 bombshell by the New York Times that Russia offered bounties to Afghan militias to kill American troops.
The decision to release the unvetted intelligence is potentially dangerous and marks another instance of the Trump administration politicizing the declassification process. Late last year – both at the end of September and in early October – Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe selectively declassified information "that included sensitive intelligence about Russians discussing Hillary Clinton and her 2016 presidential campaign". Critics have called the actions tantamount to spreading Russian disinformation for political purposes.
NARA Proposes Rule Change for Electronic Records – Public Comments Sought
The National Archives and Records Management (NARA) is seeking public comment on a proposed rule concerning the digitization of public records – namely, it is attempting "to amend our electronic records management regulations to add a subpart containing standards for digitizing permanent Federal records so that agencies may dispose of the original source records, where appropriate and in accordance with the Federal Records Act amendments of 2014. We are also making a minor revision to our records schedule review provisions to establish a requirement for agencies to review, every five years, all records schedules that are ten years old and older, based on the date the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) approved the schedule."
NARA's challenge of managing the tsunami of incoming digital records is immense, and the agency – whose budget and staff size have shrunk while its obligations have grown – should be applauded for its ongoing work to engage the public about its efforts and challenges. Yet this proposed rule change – which comes on the heels of 2019's "Transition to Electronic Records" memorandum issued jointly with OMB and requiring all agencies to manage all their permanent records electronically by December 31, 2022 – poses serious concerns for historians, including:
How much oversight will NARA have of the digitization process to ensure its carried out properly and will include all relevant metadata?
NARA's oversight of agency compliance with previous rules regarding email preservation raises concerns that NARA's approach in this instance will be relatively hands-off, and that spot checks for individual agency compliance will be few and far between. Moreover, the impending deadline of the 2019 memo, coupled with this new rule change, raises the possibility that some agencies will choose the quickest and cheapest digitization process over long-term archival requirements.
What happens to physical records after they have been digitized? Will agencies have free reign to dispose of them?
Will there be backups of digitized files if they become corrupted?
Public comments are sought on or before February 1, 2021.
Intelligence and Vietnam (II): Return of The Top Secret 1969 State Department Study
The National Security Archive recently posted an update to a 2004 E-book featuring a landmark but still relatively little-known State Department study of the Vietnam War from 1969. Commissioned by Thomas L. Hughes, the head of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, it was a more modest account of the war than its more famous cousin, the Pentagon Papers. Yet in some ways it was more insightful and is considered essential to understanding the Department's role in the conflict.
The Archive's original posting presented a sometimes heavily redacted version of the document – all that was available at the time. However, after an Archive appeal under the Freedom of Information Act, the State Department released a much more complete version – most notably including an entire 275-page section consisting of specific references to INR's contributions to various government reporting, including its own papers, CIA estimates, and other records.
Don't miss these two must-reads on what the Biden administration can and must do to bolster transparency and open government in 2021:
The Promise of FOIA in 2021: A Ready Pathway to Accountability ,by American Oversight's Austin Evers and published by Just Security. The entire article is worth reading, but Evers' last point is especially important:
But the final piece will be advocacy. Accountability through FOIA requires the public, media, and watchdogs to keep fighting. For those of us who have paid close attention to the malfeasance and obstruction of the last four years, I don't think that's asking too much.
How Biden Can Bring Transparency Back to Government, by investigative reporter Joshua Eaton and Published in The New Republic.
Both of these items draw on recommendations made in Accountability 2021, an outstanding coalition report that the National Security Archive was proud to have helped with and which is full of Day 1 and sustained actions that the Biden administration can take to strengthen transparency and ethics across the federal government.
Finally, be sure to read Democracy, history and the Presidential Records Act by the American Historical Association's James Grossman and the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations's Richard Immerman. The authors rightly laud the efforts of Sen. Chris Murphy to introduce the Promoting Accountability and Security in Transition (PAST) Act, which seeks to close loopholes in the Presidential Records Act exploited by President Trump. The bill, which the National Security Archive enthusiastically endorses, would allow for – among other important improvements – increased judicial review of compliance with the PRA, and would "enable and promote histories that are thorough, accurate and reliable — and subject to appropriate revision as more records become available over time."
from → Documents
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Space geodesy and precise orbit determination are the primary research fields in this laboratory. We have been involved in domestic and international collaborations to investigate global-scale geodetic phenomena. A much wider variety of research activities is conducted by the students.


Are you someone who loves a full-size sedan? If you are looking for the safest options from the 2017 class of vehicles, a recent report from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) may be of particular interest.
The Lincoln Continental, the Mercedes-Benz E-Class, and the Toyota Avalon come out at the top of a group of six large cars recently evaluated by IIHS. The three cars qualify for Top Safety Pick+, the Institute's highest award.
Due to merely acceptable results in the small overlap front crash test, the Tesla Model S, the Chevrolet Impala, and the Ford Taurus lag behind.
"This group of large cars includes some with stellar ratings, but our small overlap front test remains a hurdle for some vehicles," notes David Zuby, IIHS executive vice president and chief research officer.
The 2017 Continental's optional front crash prevention system earned a superior rating. When equipped with the system, the car avoided collisions in IIHS track tests at 12 mph and 25 mph. The Continental's LED projector headlights earned a good rating, providing ample lighting on a straightaway and most kinds of curves.
The 2017 E-Class has two different front crash prevention systems, one standard and the other optional. Both earned superior ratings, avoiding collisions in the track tests at 12 and 25 mph and earning credit for forward collision warning that meets National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) criteria.
The 2017 Avalon improved its headlight safety performance, allowing it to bump up from the Top Safety Pick(2016) to the Top Safety Pick+ designation.


The other day I wrote a blog post entitled Charity Begins at Work Too. It tells the story of a group of men and women that make a living selling tickets for Broadway Shows, Concerts, Sporting Events and other entertainment attractions around the country. It reveals the tremendous amount of charity work that is being done between the NATB (National Association of Ticket Brokers), its nearly 200 members and Ronald McDonald House Charities. RMHC gives children with medical challenges from all over the world a chance to receive much needed treatment as well as family housing at a local RMHC chapter.
The cause is an important one friends. All we have to do is think for an instant about how lucky we are to have healthy children right?
Anyway, I have been fortunate to work with a fantastic group of folks on the NATB Charity Committee that has been tasked with asking their fellow ticket brokers to give lots of tickets to preseason NFL football games all over the country as well as much needed volunteer time at local Ronald McDonald House's around the country. Now that the preseason games have begun and our regional coordinators, staff, family and friends have paid visits to local RMHC chapter locations, we are receiving lots of feedback from our volunteers.
If you have a minute, maybe you can read a few of their stories. They'll warm your heart. I know they sure did that to mine.
Here they are, more will follow for sure. Be well friends.
I delivered the 98 tickets that we collected for Seattle this past Tuesday. We had 35 tickets for Game 1 and 63 for Game2. All of the donors have been mailed a receipt for tax purposes already.
The facility consists of 3 buildings housing 80 families. It is currently the second largest house in the US. One building is only 10 units (6 one bedroom and 4 2 bedroom apartments) and is locked down pretty much 24 hrs a day. These are the most critical children. This house works closely with Children's Hospital of Seattle and primarily serves as the main destination for critical children with bone cancer. Unfortunately, despite all of their efforts, 63 children in 2008 and 51 children in 2007 passed away while receiving treatment, care, and services at Children's Hospital and the house. Dianna Finnerty is the Executive Director and I toured the 3 buildings. Of course they have huge kitchens and pantry's to service 80 families and several game rooms, audio visual and media library, computer learning centers and a 20 seat theatre donated at a cost of 150 K by former Seattle Sonic Rashard Lewis. I will work with the local brokers to fill the volunteer hours and ask for their participation in the October 17th formal Gala being held in Seattle. This is the main fund raising event for the Seattle house and I hope that the brokers will participate by buying a sponsor table. The house has an annual budget of 3.3 million, 23 full time staff, and 500 volunteers throughout the year.
I'll download some pictures later this weekend and forward them on to everyone.
Thanks, Roger. My donation form is attached. I am donating 20 tickets total (with a total face value of $726). After talking to Kathy, I did not have any tickets for the first pre-season games for Tampa Bay or Jacksonville. The second pre-season games for both of those teams were already at the quota, so I decided to go a different route and donate for some other teams/cities.
I will be contacting the RMHC here in Orlando and seeing how I can help. I am currently a one-man shop here, so I am hoping that they'll have something for which my whole family can help out (me, my wife, and my three oldest sons, and possibly one or more grand-parents). Since I spend a lot of time working the ticket brokerage (and my other job), I don't have much time with my family. So, I would love to donate some of my time - as long as I can do so with my family. I'll keep you updated on my discussions with RMHC.
I would not mind being on the committee at some point, but, for now, I'm going to have to pass. I have too many things going on right now. However, I may be able to help out as the next season approaches.
My family and I toured the RMHC @ Florida Hospital in Orlando this past Thursday morning. It was a fantastic tour and an amazing facility. We have scheduled a Share-A-Meal for October 11th and plan on that being the start to our activities with them.
That's all for now. If you want to help give some volunteer time or donate some tickets, have a look at the NATB Gives Back link. Take care now.


My first book, Myth has been a best-seller in academic terms. It has influenced several other books, the authors of whom have kindly acknowledged my influence. It offers an overview of the theory of myth, as well as an exploration of the way myth has developed and adapted over the centuries.
However, I began to have doubts about the reception of the book when I came across citations which suggested that my theory of myth was being read as endorsing the idea that everything is culture and there is no such thing as nature (ie, 'nature' is just a word).
I had argued that all thinkers inevitably subscribe to some sort of mythic narrative (the more so if they deny that myth has meaning anymore, since they are thus espousing 'the myth of mythlessness').
This had been read by some as meaning that there is no reality which myths talk about. But to me it had always been assumed that, eg, fertility myth did ultimately refer to the life of the earth: the seasonal cycle, the growth of vegetation, etc.
The second edition of the book, which appeared at the beginning of 2009, makes the link between mythology and ecology quite clear.


As more coaches, scouts and recruiters use Standardized Athletic Test (SAT) results to help identify and compare athletes, we receive more and more questions about what the numbers mean – or to be more specific, what do these tests really measure?
First off, let's revisit the core of SAT. These are the same exact tests run at the NFL Combine.
Yes, I understand why the questions come up… an offensive lineman may never have to run 40 yards (unless it's for a buffet); and rarely will a running back ever have to leap over a defender (unless your name is Ezekiel Elliot); so do these test really reflect how good of a football player someone is?
These tests demonstrate two highly important traits however, and over the years these qualities have proven very consistent at predicting the best players.
Athleticism – Explosive power, agility, ability to change direction, acceleration, top end speed, edge quickness, balance, footwork… these are all measures of pure athleticism in an athlete -and all these qualities can be seen in one drill or another at a combine. Every athlete should take the time to know what drills you should focus on in your position and what results you are looking for from each test to stand out from others across the country. This is not to say you should ignore any of these tests that you don't think apply to you, as doing extremely bad in a test can overshadow the strengths you have in other tests. My advice after seeing thousands of athletes is to work all of them and focus on 2-3 aspects of these drills that are highly important for your position.
For example, an Offensive Lineman should not ignore the 40-yd dash, instead he should focus on the first ten yards to demonstrate his explosive power and ability to drive off the line. And while he might never run below four seconds in the 5-10-5, running it in 4.5 – 4.75 seconds puts him up there with the lineman at the NFL Combine.
Work Ethic – The most overlooked aspect of the combine tests for parents and athletes is the work ethic aspect of these drills. Coaches, scouts and recruiters want to know if you put the work in to train these events and if you have the desire to be the best you can be. Think about it, if you didn't put in the time to learn the technique to properly do your turns in the 3-Cone drill, are you going to put in the time to learn another technique a coach is trying to teach you at practice?
So how do you stand out?
When looking through these results, people want to know who the great athlete is that put the work in to be the best, and he got an elite time as a result – this is the kind of athlete that gets recruited. Remember, impressive results show as much about character as your athleticism.
I am not saying that running a 4.22 in the 40 shows that you have the hands to catch a pass, or the intelligence to study a playbook – your combine results are just a piece of the puzzle – but they are a larger piece than most people understand.
Rarely, will a person in the top ten in sacks in the NFL run slower than 7.3 seconds in the 3-Cone – and it doesn't matter if he is a 310-lb defensive tackle. On the flip side, being a defensive end and running a 6.9 at the combine in the 3-Cone does not guarantee you are going to be an All Pro. These are predictors of success only – as for the rest as an athlete – it's on you.


We have collected bibliographic sources for you in order to facilitate the approach to the study of cyberspace dynamics to deepen your knowledge. The bibliography section is divided into two sections: fundamental texts (for the study of the subjects of cybersecurity, cyberwar, cyber Intelligence and principles of law for cyberspace); essential sources (divided by each category relevant to the cyber world). This is for the purpose of granting you direct access to Cyber Security and International Relations Studies.


text:
import arp
import oui
import ipcalc
import sys

class Discovery(object):
    """ Find out the host types in the Ip range (CIDR)

    NOTE: This finds mac addresses only within the subnet.
    It doesn't fetch mac addresses for routed network ip's.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        self.__arp = arp.ARP()
        self.__oui = oui.OUI()

    def discover(self, address):
        """
        Traverse the IP subnets and return manufacturer info.
        """
        network = ipcalc.Network(address)
        for ip in network:
            ip = str(ip)
            # Ignore broadcast IP Addresses
            if '/' in address and ip == str(network.broadcast()):
                print 'Ignoring broadcast ip: {broadcast}'.format(broadcast=str(network.broadcast()))
                continue

            mac = self.__arp.find_mac(ip)
            if mac:
                if len(mac.split(':')[0]) == 1:
                    mac = '0' + mac
                manuf_str = mac.replace(':', '')[:6].upper()
                manuf = self.__oui.find_manuf(manuf_str)
                if manuf:
                    yield (ip, manuf)

def run():
    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
        print
        print 'Usage:\t\tidiscover <ip-address/cidr>'
        print 'Examples:'
        print '\t\tidiscover 10.73.19.0'
        print '\t\tidiscover 10.74.215/24'
        print
    else:
        addrs = sys.argv[1:]
        d = Discovery()

        try:
            for addr in addrs:
                for ip, manuf in d.discover(addr):
                    print 'IP Address: {ip} Manufacturer: {manuf}'.format(ip=ip, manuf=manuf)
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            print 'Exiting...'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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It sounds like there may be something more going on here. Perhaps another trip to the pediatrician to make sure that there is no issues with his ears etc. still. Kids have a terrible tendency to get secondary infections after the original seems to have passed. Especially since he is still so young. The drinking and sucking at night may be relieving pressure in his ears if they are bothering him. Kids sleep when they are tired. Don't let him cry it out, he is a baby and in my opinion that is a very bad tactic, especially if he is still not feeling 100%.


A complex nose of lemon peel, orange blossom and a light toastiness greet you in the glass. Citrus continues through the palate where it joins flavors of Asian pear, apricot and notes of ginger. Beautiful acidity balances the body which ends in a soft, pleasant finish.


text:
Ceanothus spinosus est une espèce d'arbustes de la famille des Rhamnacées originaire du sud de la Californie aux États-Unis et du nord de la Basse-Californie au Mexique.

Liens externes

Espèce d'Angiospermes (nom scientifique)
Rhamnaceae
Plante décrite en 1838

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


BY AMANDA FLAUM and MELISSA WELCH, M.D, M.P.H. – Today, nearly 1 in 3 women give birth by cesarean sections (C-section) in the United States. This is quite the jump from 1965 when C-section birth rate was first measured at 4.5 percent, and is much higher than the federal government's target rate of 23.9 percent. Too many women are having major abdominal surgery when it can be avoided.
Last week, Leapfrog Group released statewide and hospital-level statistics on C-section rates in the United States and found that more than 60 percent of hospitals surveyed have excessive rates of C-sections. Out of the 33 states surveyed, California is in the middle of the pack with 25.7 percent of births by C-section. While this is closer to the target rate, there is still work to be done.
C-sections are appropriate and potentially life-saving when the health of the mother or baby is at risk. It is the use of C-section in circumstances where there is no medical risk to the mother or child that requires us to take pause.
When compared with traditional births, C-sections increase low-risk women's chances of rare, but potentially life-threatening problems, such as hemorrhage, blood clots and bowel obstructions. For babies, C-sections can also cause immediate breathing difficulties and an increased risk of developing asthma and diabetes as a child.
Covered California has taken a keen interest in this public health issue, working with health plans to encourage providers to avoid C-sections when not medically necessary and educate pregnant women on the risks and benefits of surgical birth. Blue Shield of California's Prenatal Program includes personalized nurse coaching and a 24/7 hotline to educate expecting mothers and discourage early elective C-sections.
Getting to the optimal C-section rate is a matter of promoting the use of natural birth as the standard of practice, while using surgery only when medically necessary to reduce harm to the mother and baby.
By voluntarily reporting their C-section rate to the Leapfrog Hospital Survey, hospitals are showing dedication towards transparency, which is an important first step in lowering their rate.


text:
U.S. government drops pursuit of Microsoft breakup
Published: September 5th, 2001
In a victory for Microsoft Corp., the U.S. Department of Justice's Antitrust Division Thursday said that it will not force a breakup of the software giant, nor will the agency pursue further proceedings on tying counts contained in the original case.
Likely facing the realities of the District Court's position against the breakup punishment, the Justice Department made the concessions in tandem with a joint status report Microsoft is to file to the court by Sept. 14.
"In view of the Court of Appeals' unanimous decision that Microsoft illegally maintained its monopoly over PC-based operating systems – the core allegation in the case – the Department believes that it has established a basis for relief that would end Microsoft's unlawful conduct," reads the Justice Department statement.
Although willing to drop the two key demands, Justice Department officials said the agency would still be able to prevent further such conduct and "open the operating system market to competition," according to the statement.
"Pursuing a liability determination on the tying claim would only prolong proceedings and delay the imposition of relief that would benefit consumers," the statement continues.
Now the Justice Department will go along with the provisions of the final judgment issued in the case and seek an order modeled after that directive.
Also, the Justice Department will petition the court to look into developments in the industry since the trial's conclusion and "evaluate whether additional conduct-related provisions are necessary, especially in the absence of a breakup."
Overall, the Justice Department said it is interested now in ways to "streamline the case with the goal of securing an effective remedy as soon as possible."
Microsoft Canada, in Mississauga, Ont., can be reached at http://www.microsoft.ca.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Earthquake Disaster Risk Index – A Simple Method for Assessing Relative Risk in a Country
Authors: Pradeep Kumar Ramancharla,CVR Murty CVR
UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in 2015 at Sendai, Japan, reiterated the need for substantial reduction in loss of life and property. Thus, assessing disaster risk and identifying key items for risk mitigation are in focus. Assessment of disaster risk is a multidisciplinary effort, which includes expected tangible physical loss, such as collapse and damage to built environment. In countries with limited resources, prioritizing risk reduction effort across the different parts of the country needs a quantitative (yet simple) approach to bring objectivity into the decision-making process. This paper presents a simple method, called Earthquake Disaster Risk Index (EDRI), for estimating relative earthquake risk across the different regions in a country; it uses three major constituents of risk, namely Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability. Hazard is taken as the acceleration hazard specified in the national earthquake design standard, Exposure as per the permitted occupancy in the Local Municipal Byelaws, and Vulnerability through a Level 2 Detailed Qualitative Assessment of buildings built in the Town or City (with penalty points for missing features of earthquake resistance compared to an Ideal Building). First, the EDRI of a Town or City is estimated for each typology of building in the Town or City, and then the net EDRI of the Town or City is obtained as a weighted average of the EDRI of each typology of buildings using the number of buildings of each typology present in the city. The EDRI of a city so estimated can be compared with that of another city. Also, disaggregation of risk through its three major constituents of EDRI will increase awareness of the factors which contribute to risk – from expected intensity of earthquake ground shaking, to exposure of people in each building type, to vulnerability of each building typology. The exercise can be undertaken at a large scale across the country. Policy Makers of a prefecture or a state in a nation will find the results of EDRI to be a useful tool for prioritising allocation of earthquake risk mitigation resources and effort across Towns and Cities. Keywords: Earthquake Risk; Disaster, Resilience, Vulnerability, Risk Index


Centennial School District is a suburban community bridging the cities of Portland and Gresham, Oregon. Downtown Portland, Portland International Airport and Mt. Hood Community College are all within a 20-minute drive. A primarily suburban district with strong community support, Centennial has grown steadily and is expecting accelerated growth through the next decade. To meet the needs of the growth, the district completed a new elementary school and major renovation of Centennial High School in 2003.
Centennial strives to cultivate the talents of new teachers and provide continuous training for all staff. The goal is that staff members work collaboratively and focus on the use of proven strategies that will increase the academic performance of the district's diverse student body.
Throughout the ups and downs of Oregon's economy and the state legislature's unpredictable support for schools, Centennial school leaders and Board stay committed to providing as stable a financial footing as possible. The district scrutinizes expenditures to ensure new programs can be sustained for the long haul with direct services to students remaining a top priority.
Centennial School District was created from two former K-8 elementary districts (Lynch and Pleasant Valley) and the high school those students attended Centennial. Residents voted in 1976 to combine the two districts and the high school, which previously was part of the Gresham Union High School District. The new K-12 district was named Centennial in recognition of the nation's bi-centennial celebration.
Dr. Paul Coakley was named Superintendent in the 2017 – 18 school year. Prior to becoming Superintendent, he served one year as the Interim Superintendent and was the district's Assistant Superintendent/Human Resources Director.


text:
Cygwin/MinGW/MSys/WSL differences and links
MinGW
Cygwin, MinGW, MSys Comparison
Cygwin, formerly from Cygnus (acquired by Red Hat), is currently a project under the RedHat name. The purpose of the project is to provide a Unix-like environment (represented by GNU tools) running on a Windows platform. To achieve this, Cygwin provides a set of abstraction layer dlls that convert some of the Posix calls into Windows API calls and implement the relevant functionality. The most typical and basic emulation layer is cygwin1.dll. In addition, as Linux systems have grown, Cygwin now offers more than just POSIX compatibility, and therefore has more emulation layer dependencies along with it. BSD, and other Unix systems) to Windows by recompiling them.
Cygnus first took development tools such as gcc, gdb, and gas and improved them so that they could generate and interpret win32 target files. Then, they wanted to port these tools to the windows platform. One option was to make significant changes to the source code of these tools based on the win32 api, which obviously required a lot of work. Therefore, they took a different approach and wrote a shared library (the cygwin dll) that encapsulates unix-style calls (such as fork, spawn, signals, select, sockets, etc.) that are not available in the win32 api, i.e., they wrote a unix system library emulation layer based on the win32 api. Thus, by linking the source code of these tools to this shared library, a cross-compiler on the unix host can be used to generate a toolset that can run on the windows platform. Based on the development tools ported to windows, cygnus gradually ported other tools (which required little modification to the source code, only to their configuration scripts) to windows. In this way, running bash, development tools and user tools on a windows platform feels like working on unix.
Cygwin's directory structure is basically a copy of linux, but at the same time, it is compatible with many of the features of Windows: most of the applications use Unix-style paths, and Windows discs are provided to Cygwin in a way similar to mount points; Cygwin can run both Cygwin applications (which rely on the emulation layer) and Windows applications, and the paths passed to the applications are transformed by its emulation layer to ensure that the programs run without errors.
Since its emulation layer achieves a fairly good Posix compatibility, people have tried to port many important Linux/BSD applications to Cygwin, making Cygwin bigger and richer, so much so that many people nowadays give Cygwin the task of porting Linux applications directly to the Windows platform (of course, this porting is not native).
Cygwin is a POSIX "subsystem" running on the Windows platform, providing a Unix-like environment for Windows and a development environment for "porting" some Linux applications to the Windows platform. One of the official definitions of cygwin is that Cygwin is not a way to run native linux apps on Windows. You have to rebuild your application from source if you want it to run on Windows. cygwin is not a way to run native linux apps on windows. if you want linux apps to run on windows, then you have to rebuild your application from source with cygwin. This statement completely refutes the claim that it runs seamlessly on linux. It means that the elf program you compile on linux can't directly get cygwin to run on it, and likewise, the program you compile with cygwin is not in linux elf format, but in exe format, and exe is not able to run on linux.
MinGW, Minimalist GNU for Windows, a development environment for developing native (32-bit) Windows applications. It mainly provides tools such as GCC and GNU binutils for win32 applications, as well as header files for the equivalent of the Windows SDK (a subset of) and library files (so, a, etc., rather than the VC lib) for the MinGW version linker.
At the base level, MinGW is a set of include files and port libraries that function to allow console mode programs to use the Microsoft standard C runtime library (MSVCRT.DLL), which is available on all NT OS and on all Windows OS from the Windows 95 release onwards, using the base runtime you can use GCC to write console mode The American Standardization Organization (ANSI) compliant programs can use the C runtime extensions provided by Microsoft. This feature is not available with the Windows32 API. The next component is the w32api package, which is a set of include files and port libraries that can be used with the Windows32 API. Combined with the base runtime, this gives full access to both CRT (C Runtime) and Windows32 API functionality.
MinGW can be used instead of cl to compile WinSDK-based Windows applications that do not include MFC, and the compiled applications do not depend on third-party emulation layer support and run at msvcrt (hence the name native Windows applications), which comes standard with most Windows. In addition, MinGW also supports other languages supported by GCC. For these reasons, MinGW has been chosen as the default compiler for Windows versions by many development tools developed on Linux, such as Code:Blocks and, for example, Dev C++.
MinGW was developed from Cygwin (version 1.3.3).
MinGW, as mentioned earlier, was developed for 32-bit Windows applications. MinGW-W64 is the new generation of MinGW, which supports more APIs, 64-bit application development, and even 32-bit host compilation of 64-bit applications and the reverse "cross-compilation". In addition, it has different versions for 32-bit and 64-bit, otherwise it is the same as MinGW.
The full name of MSYS is Minimal SYStem, a subsystem of MinGW, Unix-like command line utilities, a set of bash running on Windows, including the basic bash, make, gawk and grep, etc. It is also a Linux Terminal running on Win. it can also be considered as a small UNIX on Windows. it provides a Unix-like environment on windows to use MinGW. this is better understood, in fact, is to use the Linux command line on Win to operate, you can use instead of cmd. For some GNU open source software, MSYS may be necessary, as they usually require . /configure and then make to run.
To compile a large program, it is not enough to rely on a GCC, but also need to have tools such as Autoconf to configure the project, so generally compile ffmpeg under Windows and other large projects under Linux are done through Msys, of course Msys is only a secondary environment, the fundamental work or MingW to do.
Unlike Cygwin, which is large and comprehensive, MSYS is designed to be small and compact, so the whole set of MSYS and MinGW is mainly basic Linux tools, with a size of about 200M and not much expansion capability. It provides some Unix tools to make MinGW's tools easier to use. If you don't like the huge Cygwin and don't use it much, you can try it. However, if you like the full experience, don't care about disk footprint, etc., Cygwin is recommended over MSYS.
Since MinGW has not been updated for years, and MSYS even more so, many of Cygwin's new features have not been synchronized with MSYS, so Alex and others have created a new generation of the MSYS project. It still forked Cygwin (a newer version), but has a much better package manager, pacman, an active developer and user group, and a large number of pre-compiled packages (though certainly not as many as Cygwin) …… For those who don't like the huge Cygwin, we recommend trying msys2 .
MSYS2 (Minimal SYStem 2) is a standalone rewrite of MSYS, mainly for shell command line development environments. It is also a Windows software that builds on Cygwin (POSIX compatibility layer) and MinGW-w64 (from "MinGW-generation") for better interoperability. MSYS2 is an upgraded version of MSYS, to be exact, it is an upgraded version of Cygwin which integrates pacman and MinGW-w64, providing linux environment such as bash shell, version control software (git/hg) and MinGW-w64 tool chain. The biggest difference with MSYS is the porting of Pacman, the package management system of Arch Linux (which is actually the difference with Cygwin).
MinGW/MSYS
Is GNU No Yes Yes
More software support? Support most GNU software Support common software, git, Vim and other software need to be supported independently (see below for details) Support most GNU software
More Linux-like Cygwin in Windows is like Wine in Linux Implementation of major Linux programs such as Bash Native 64/32bit support
GCC compilation includes MingGW32 cross-compilation, which supports both cygwin1.dll dependent programs and standalone Windows programs; you can compile Linux applications directly support standalone Windows programs support standalone Windows programs
Chinese support direct support for Chinese display and input method need to configure to support Chinese display and input, delete a Chinese character need to delete 2 times support Chinese display and input method, Chinese help system and Chinese prompt (some software)
Running speed slow fast fast
The C code compiled under Unix cannot be compiled under Win32. The APIs of Unix and Win32 are in line with standard C, and most function calls are the same under Unix and Win32. However, unix has some unique APIs (such as fork, spawn, signals, select, sockets, etc.) If these APIs are used in the code, the corresponding libraries cannot be found under win32.
Summary of the difference.
Modify the compiler so that the compiler under window translates calls such as fork into equivalent forms, which is what mingw does.
Modify the library so that window provides a library similar to the one provided by unix, and they interface to the program as if it were unix, and these libraries are of course implemented by the win32 API, which is what cygwin does.
MingW and cygwin are not able to make Linux programs run directly on Windows, they must be recompiled through the source code. The main differences in their specific implementations of these functions are.
The format of executable files, Window uses PE format and requires .EXE suffix, Linux uses Elf.
The APIs of the operating systems are also different, e.g. Windows uses CreateProcess() to create processes, while Linux uses fork()
cygwin/gcc can be completely equivalent to gcc under linux, which can be seen from the division of boost library, gcc under cygwin and gcc under linux use exactly the same Toolsets. so it is possible to update gcc version together with linux without worrying about problems, and in The stuff made in cygwin/gcc (without using win32) can be used under linux seamlessly without any problem. It is a good choice for developing linux programs under windows. However, the program compiled under cygwin/gcc must depend on cygwin1.dll for windows execution, and it is a bit slow, so if you don't want to depend on this, you must add -mno-cygwin to the compilation options of gcc. Minw, which is a cross-compilation of gcc.
MinGW is closer to Win32 than CygWin/gcc, because it supports almost all Win32 APIs, and the programs it connects to can run without any third-party libraries. And gcc is the compiler that is installed on CygWin.
The programs generated by both are EXE files that run on Windows, both in PE format, and a PE format checker will show that the programs generated by Cygwin still have Linux system calls like fork(), but the target library is cygwin1. So it seems that compiling with Mingw will give a higher performance and you don't have to carry around the cygwin1.dll file which is close to two megabytes. However, Cygwin has a more complete emulation of Linux, and there is even a Cygwin X project that allows you to run X directly with Cygwin. in addition Cygwin can set the -mno-cygwin flag to use Mingw compilation. The tools on MSys, which are more comparable to Cygwin, are also provided through Cygwin in this emulation.
Cygwin, MinGW, MSys How to choose?
If developing linux programs on windows, cygwin is a good choice. Cygwin is also the choice if you develop programs that don't mind having a cygwin1.dll. If you want to develop programs for windows and have to use gcc, mingw is a good choice. To sum up, it is more appropriate to compile with VC under Windows, and MinGW is the only choice when there is no other way.
The WSL, known as Windows Subsystem for Linux, is a compatibility layer for being able to run Linux binary executables natively on Windows 10 ( ELF format) compatibility layer on Windows 10.
What does Windows Subsystem for Linux do? How is it different from a virtual machine?
Compared to virtual machines, Windows Subsystem for Linux has the following advantages.
Better performance. Performance is much better than a virtual machine because the implementation is more under the hood.
Shared file system with Windows. The subsystem is able to access all the files on the hard disk directly, and can even execute .exe files.
Summary: WSL is the ultimate solution.
cygwin mingw msys
PMML, JAVA calls Python algorithm model Prev Manjaro Linux installation and use Next


Our Partner is a leading provider of marketing softwares.We are looking for experienced System Engineers to help us build, maintain and troubleshoot our rapidly expanding infrastructure. As a member of a team of experienced system engineers, you will have the chance to participate in delivering mission-critical infrastructure, which ensures the highest levels of availability, performance and security.
Installation, configuration and troubleshooting of CentOS Linux based environments.


At this year's San Diego Comic Con Gentle Giant showed off their upcoming Star Trek: Discovery releases, which included a highly-detailed statue of Sonequa Martin-Green as First Officer Michael Burnham facing off against the Klingon Torchbearer from the series premiere episode.
Cast in resin at 1/4 scale, the statues are set to be available for purchase in early 2019.
Also on display was a 1/6 scale bust of Doug Jones as Saru.


text:
/**
 * \file
 * The main() file.
 * */
#include <liblogger/liblogger.h>
#include <liblogger/file_logger.h>
#include <liblogger/socket_logger.h>
#include "logtest.h"
#include <memory.h>

#define TEST_LOG_TO_SOCK

void TestLogToFile();
void TestLogToConsole();
void TestLogToSocket();
void TestLogFuncs();

int main()
{
	// delibreately call few logging functions without
	// initializing the logger - in this case logs will appear on
	// console, until InitLogger is done.
	LogDebug(" THIS LOG WILL APPEAR IN CONSOLE, SINCE InitLogger() was not called");
	// log to a file.
	TestLogToFile();
	// log to a socket - make sure that log server is running.
	TestLogToSocket();
	// log to console.
	TestLogToConsole();
}

void TestLogToFile()
{
	tFileLoggerInitParams fileInitParams;
	// very important, memset to prevent breaks when new members are
	// added to fileInitParams.
	memset(&fileInitParams,0,sizeof(tFileLoggerInitParams));
	fileInitParams.fileName = "log.log";
	InitLogger(LogToFile,&fileInitParams);
	TestLogFuncs();
	// -- not calling deinit logger delibreately, the current logger object will be
	// auto deinitialized in the next call to InitLogger --
	//DeInitLogger();
}

void TestLogToConsole()
{
	// the init argument can be either stdout or stderr.
	InitLogger(LogToConsole, stdout);
	TestLogFuncs();
	DeInitLogger();
}

void TestLogToSocket()
{
	tSockLoggerInitParams sockInitParams;
	// very important, memset to prevent breaks when new members are
	// added to sockInitParams.
	memset(&sockInitParams,0,sizeof(tSockLoggerInitParams));
	sockInitParams.server 	= "127.0.0.1";
	sockInitParams.port		= 50007;

	InitLogger(LogToSocket,&sockInitParams);
	TestLogFuncs();
	DeInitLogger();
}

void TestLogFuncs()
{
	TestFuncWarn();
	TestFuncDebug();
	TestFuncFatal();
	TestFuncNoLogs();
	TestFuncMin();
	TestNoFilename();

	// crash testing, test for buffer overflow vulnerability, in case of socket logging, this huge log
	// will be truncated.
	LogDebug("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
		);

}


text:
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace CommonTools.Lib.ns11.CollectionTools
{
    //https://stackoverflow.com/a/10283828/3973863
    public sealed class WrappingIterator<T>
    {
        private IList<T> _list;
        private int      _index;

        public WrappingIterator(IList<T> list, int index)
        {
            _list  = list;
            _index = index < 0 ? list.Count - 1 : index;
        }

        public WrappingIterator(IList<T> list)
            : this(list, -1)
        {
        }

        public T GetNext()
        {
            _index++;

            if (_index == _list.Count)
                _index = 0;

            return _list[_index];
        }

        public static WrappingIterator<T> CreateAt(IList<T> list, T value)
        {
            var index = list.IndexOf(value);
            return new WrappingIterator<T>(list, index);
        }
    }
}


text:
Q: is taking the transpose of a matrix a continuous operation Suppose $\{A_i\}_{i=1}^{\infty}$ is a sequence of matrices with $\lim_{i\to\infty}A_i= B$. Then does  $\lim_{i\to \infty}A_i^\top= B^\top$ if we measure distances between matrices with a 2-norm?

A: It's continuous but depends on how you want to measure distance, i.e., what topology you choose (based on @M. Winter's comment).
For starters, consider $\|\cdot\|_2$. Let $\|A - B\|_2 < \delta$. Then for continuity, we want $\|A^T - B^T\|_2 < \epsilon$ for given $\epsilon$. Based on @user284331's answer we see that we can take $\delta = \epsilon$ because the 2-norm looks at all of the matrix's entries (and intuitively weights them the same). As an example of a different weighting, consider the $\|\cdot\|_{\infty}$ norm.
However, on finite dimensional spaces, all norms are equivalent, so we can find an appropriate $\delta, \epsilon$ pair from this for any norm topology.

A: Since $\|A\|=\left\{\displaystyle\sum|a_{i,j}|^{2}\right\}^{1/2}$, the transpose is just a rearrangement of elements of $A$, so it is clear that $\|A^{T}\|=\|A\|$, so the continuity can be reasoned as @jjjjjj did.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We are a team of dental specialists with extensive experience and knowledge in solving simple and complex oral problems.
We have over 37 years experience behind us and we are proud of it. please contact who will gladly assist you.
We serve the areas of general and preventive dentistry, pediatric dentistry, cosmetic dentistry, dental implants and prosthetics, periodontics, endodontics and orthodontics among others.


The Maryland Legislature introduced bills to enact the 2010 Amendments to UCC Article 9 on Tuesday, February 7, 2012. Senate Bill 748 provides the Alternative B "Safe Harbor" approach for individual debtor name sufficiency in Section 9-503(a)(4) and adopts the uniform effective date of July 1, 2013. The bill includes a non-uniform version of Section 9-521 that requires a filing office to accept written records in the form and format set forth in the 2010 Amendments to Article 9 promulgated by the American Law Institute and Uniform Law Commission.
A cross-filed bill to introduce the 2010 Amendments was also introduced in the Maryland House. However, the text of House Bill 713 is not yet available.
CSC will provide updates for any significant developments with both Maryland bills and all other state Article 9 legislation.


Bitdefender Antivirus Plus 2015 is build on the best antivirus technology for Windows to silently stop e-threats, secure online transactions or shopping, it also defends your privacy on social networks. BitDefender Antivirus Plus 2015 Safepay – Keeps hackers at bay by automatically opening all your online banking pages in a separate, secure browser. My BitDefender Antivirus Plus 2015 dashboard – See all the status and licensing information about your software and services.
related tasks, drag-and-drop files for quick scanning for viruses-right from your desktop!
Parental Control – Blocks inappropriate content, restricts Web access, monitors your children's online activity.
Unparalleled Security. BitDefender Antivirus Plus 2013 capitalizes on live and virtualized behavior-based detection, in addition to cloud-based services, to stop emerging e-threats that other products miss.
Parental Control – Blocks inappropriate content, restricts Web access between certain hours, and helps parents remotely monitor their children's online activityAbsolute Silence. Bitdefender's Autopilot makes all the security-related decisions for you!
Autopilot – Provides a hassle-free experience by making optimal security-related decisions without input from you worry-free Socializing. Protect yourself, and your friends, from e-threats that attempt to exploit the trust you've built with them.
Search Advisor – Gives advance warning of risky websites right in your Google and Bing search results Full Speed. Bitdefender 2015 takes "scheduled scanning" to a whole new level, as the scanning only takes place when your system is idle.
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File Encryption – Locks up confidential files in an encrypted vault Secured Backup. BitDefender Antivirus Plus 2015 comes with 2 GB of free, secure online space to backup your critical files.
Download and Run Crack file from the links given.
Hit Activate Auto reset button, it will request to restart to safe mode.
When you are in safe mode, Run the Crack ".exe" file again and hit the same button. This time it will do his task and shows a message box.


The car you've always wanted! You won't want to miss this excellent value! This spectacularly designed vehicle challenges higher-priced competitors in its class! Top features include air conditioning, delay-off headlights, an overhead console, and more. Our sales reps are extremely helpful knowledgeable. We'd be happy to answer any questions that you may have. Please don't hesitate to give us a call.
This vehicle won't be on the lot long! A great vehicle and a great value! A turbocharger further enhances performance, while also preserving fuel economy. This model accommodates 6 passengers comfortably, and provides features such as: a front bench seat, a bedliner, and air conditioning. Under the hood you'll find a 6 cylinder engine with more than 300 horsepower, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. Four wheel drive allows you to go places you've only imagined. Our sales reps are extremely helpful knowledgeable. They'll work with you to find the right vehicle at a price you can afford. Please don't hesitate to give us a call.
You won't want to miss this excellent value! It delivers style and power in a single package! A turbocharger further enhances performance, while also preserving fuel economy. All of the following features are included: automatic dimming door mirrors, turn signal indicator mirrors, and much more. It features a standard transmission, 4-wheel drive, and a refined 6 cylinder engine. Our sales reps are knowledgeable and professional. They'll work with you to find the right vehicle at a price you can afford. We are here to help you.
Check out this 2018! Very clean and very well priced! Turbocharger technology provides forced air induction, enhancing performance while preserving fuel economy. This model accommodates 6 passengers comfortably, and provides features such as: a front bench seat, a bedliner, and cruise control. Smooth gearshifts are achieved thanks to the refined 6 cylinder engine, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. Four wheel drive allows you to go places you've only imagined. We know that you have high expectations, and we enjoy the challenge of meeting and exceeding them! Please don't hesitate to give us a call.
How about this great vehicle! Very clean and very well priced! The engine breathes better thanks to a turbocharger, improving both performance and economy. This model accommodates 6 passengers comfortably, and provides features such as: a front bench seat, a bedliner, and air conditioning. Under the hood you'll find a 6 cylinder engine with more than 300 horsepower, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. Four wheel drive allows you to go places you've only imagined. We know that you have high expectations, and we enjoy the challenge of meeting and exceeding them! Please don't hesitate to give us a call.
You won't want to miss this excellent value! Feature-packed and decked out! Turbocharger technology provides forced air induction, enhancing performance while preserving fuel economy. This model accommodates 6 passengers comfortably, and provides features such as: a front bench seat, a bedliner, and cruise control. Under the hood you'll find a 6 cylinder engine with more than 300 horsepower, providing a smooth and predictable driving experience. Well tuned suspension and stability control deliver a spirited, yet composed, ride and drive Our aim is to provide our customers with the best prices and service at all times. Please don't hesitate to give us a call.
Looking for a new car at an affordable price? You won't want to miss this excellent value! You'll appreciate its safety and technology features! Turbocharger technology provides forced air induction, enhancing performance while preserving fuel economy. This model accommodates 6 passengers comfortably, and provides features such as: heated door mirrors, a bedliner, and remote keyless entry. Under the hood you'll find a 6 cylinder engine with more than 300 horsepower, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. Four wheel drive allows you to go places you've only imagined. We'd also be happy to help you arrange financing for your vehicle. Please don't hesitate to give us a call.
This Ram won't be on the lot long! Comprehensive style mixed with all around versatility makes it an outstanding pickup truck! The engine breathes better thanks to a turbocharger, improving both performance and economy. The following features are included: skid plates, a trailer hitch, and cruise control. Smooth gearshifts are achieved thanks to the refined 6 cylinder engine, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. Four wheel drive allows you to go places you've only imagined. Our team is professional, and we offer a no-pressure environment. They'll work with you to find the right vehicle at a price you can afford. We are here to help you.
This vehicle won't be on the lot long! Blurring highway lines with an exceptional merger of performance and opulence. Turbocharger technology provides forced air induction, enhancing performance while preserving fuel economy. Top features include heated front seats, variably intermittent wipers, adjustable pedals, and remote keyless entry. It features four-wheel drive capabilities, a durable automatic transmission, and a refined 6 cylinder engine. We pride ourselves in consistently exceeding our customer's expectations. Please don't hesitate to give us a call.
This vehicle won't be on the lot long! A great vehicle and a great value! Turbocharger technology provides forced air induction, enhancing performance while preserving fuel economy. Comfort and convenience were prioritized within, evidenced by amenities such as: heated steering wheel, a bedliner, and 1-touch window functionality. It features four-wheel drive capabilities, a durable automatic transmission, and a refined 6 cylinder engine. Our experienced sales staff is eager to share its knowledge and enthusiasm with you. They'll work with you to find the right vehicle at a price you can afford. We are here to help you.
Check out this 2018! This quick and nimble vehicle offers distinctive urban-inspired styling mixed with renowned four wheel drive capability! The engine breathes better thanks to a turbocharger, improving both performance and economy. Top features include leather upholstery, voice activated navigation, heated and ventilated seats, and power seats. Under the hood you'll find a 6 cylinder engine with more than 300 horsepower, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. We pride ourselves on providing excellent customer service. Please don't hesitate to give us a call.
This vehicle won't be on the lot long! Very clean and very well priced! Turbocharger technology provides forced air induction, enhancing performance while preserving fuel economy. It includes power seats, voice activated navigation, front fog lights, and leather upholstery. It features four-wheel drive capabilities, a durable automatic transmission, and a refined 6 cylinder engine. We have a skilled and knowledgeable sales staff with many years of experience satisfying our customers needs. They'll work with you to find the right vehicle at a price you can afford. Stop in and take a test drive!
Looking for a new car at an affordable price? This vehicle won't be on the lot long! You'll appreciate its safety and convenience features! A turbocharger further enhances performance, while also preserving fuel economy. Top features include front fog lights, voice activated navigation, a power seat, and remote keyless entry. Smooth gearshifts are achieved thanks to the refined 6 cylinder engine, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. Four wheel drive allows you to go places you've only imagined. We pride ourselves in the quality that we offer on all of our vehicles. Stop by our dealership or give us a call for more information.
You won't want to miss this excellent value! Very clean and very well priced! A turbocharger is also included as an economical means of increasing performance. It includes power seats, a rear step bumper, automatic dimming door mirrors, and voice activated navigation. Under the hood you'll find a 6 cylinder engine with more than 300 horsepower, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. Four wheel drive allows you to go places you've only imagined. You will have a pleasant shopping experience that is fun, informative, and never high pressured. Please don't hesitate to give us a call.
Check out this 2018! Comprehensive style mixed with all around versatility makes it an outstanding pickup truck! The engine breathes better thanks to a turbocharger, improving both performance and economy. It includes leather upholstery, skid plates, a bedliner, and voice activated navigation. It features an automatic transmission, 4-wheel drive, and a refined 6 cylinder engine. Our sales staff will help you find the vehicle that you've been searching for. We'd be happy to answer any questions that you may have. Stop by our dealership or give us a call for more information.


There are educators all over the country bringing the LONG + LIVE + MATH Movement to life in their worlds. We'd like to introduce you to some of them.
Tidewater Collegiate Academy (TCA) is a private homeschool in Virginia Beach, Virginia that serves students from pre-K through 12th grade. Wendy Scott, Founder and Director of TCA, and her co-teacher Amy Schleeper, have created a flipped classroom environment where students sit and work together in small groups. They're encouraged to collaborate and work independently at their own pace.
What's unique about TCA is that the students across grade levels share the same space, which allows for even deeper collaboration and discovery. A 6th grader, for example, can talk to an Algebra 2 student about the math they're working through. In addition, TCA is a laboratory school for Virginia Wesleyan University. Pre-service teachers work with students at the Academy in preparation for their future careers in the classroom. They are each assigned a small group of students to facilitate mathematical activities and investigations.
Tidewater Collegiate Academy uses the Carnegie Learning Middle School and High School Math Solution to foster this type of environment. Wendy says, "We love it. For the students, it's a new way of thinking about math."
According to Amy, student confidence increases when using MATHia, the adaptive math learning platform that provides a personalized learning experience for every student. "Students are able to see the Progress Bar, which gives them reinforcement that they're doing something right. Their confidence increases, so they're willing to try things on their own rather than having a textbook open, waiting for someone to instruct them on what to do. It builds their independence." Wendy adds, "The kids really love MATHia. They want to get on the computer and see the Progress Bar move. We have them write journals afterwards, and it's exciting to see that after they've completed a section, they're able to articulate what they've learned, what the challenges were, and how they want to move forward."
TCA staff is also really pleased with the new Middle School Math Solution textbook. "The kids have talked about how much they like the book," Wendy says. "We also have a lot of volunteers and mentors who come in to work with the kids one-on-one, and everybody really likes the layout of the book and how things are sequenced. We also really appreciate that the MATHia sequence matches the book so closely."
Special things are happening at Tidewater Collegiate Academy, and Wendy and Amy look forward to continuing this work and seeing the gains made by their students. "We're excited that they are challenged, conceptually and contextually, and developing mathematical habits."
We're excited that students are challenged, conceptually and contextually, and developing mathematical habits.


text:
Gotland Game Conference 2020
3-4th of June
Tickets ↗
Apply to the Jury
The Conference Topic
The GGC
Student Deliverables
These are our traditional award categories at the Gotland Game Conference. Due to COVID19 we've had to move online and not been able to arrange for a jury to playtest. Ergo: these award categories are not relevant anymore, for 2020.
Best Arcade Experience*
Here we're talking about Arcade, the genre, not Arcade, the machine.
An arcade game calls for instant fun. It lives by the cliche of easy to pick up and hard to master, and has to have "just one more coin" appeal.
The Social Game Award*
This is for the game that is best played with others – but that covers a lot of categories.
This could be a PvP game, or a co-op game. It could be designed to be played at a cabinet, or on the couch. It could even be a single player game that everyone just has to stop and watch because it's so engaging.
If this game is more enjoyable with other people, it belongs in this category.
The Innovation Award*
The innovation award has to go to something novel. The game has to push an envelope.
This could be: Reaching a new audience, new types of gameplay, an interesting new control method, a fascinating mechanic.
If it's new and exciting, it belongs here.
Excellence in Storytelling*
This looks at games that tell stories – either through text, world building, emergent storytelling, character design or even an artefact from a different world that carries its own design fiction.
The winner of this award should stand out in some way:
Is the story interesting?
Is it told in a new way?
Have you been engrossed by the narrative?
Best exhibit*
For a show floor, the experience is greater than the game.
Is the booth welcoming? Is it consistent with the game being shown? Can the team converse with non-experts about their design? Do they take feedback seriously and well?
The Exhibit award goes to the team that provides the best visitor experience or make creative use of the show floor.
Best Art Direction*
Games are written as much with images as with mechanics and systems.
Best Art Direction recognises this excellence. Does the game have a cohesive art feel – from the background images to the props, items on characters to the characters themselves.
If the art tells a story all on it's own, this is that teams reward.
Games are a Gestalt: The Whole is greater than the sum of their parts.
Best in show goes to the game that excels in technical, artistic, design, execution and exhibition.
The Jury Spotlight Award
Sometimes a game comes close to an award but doesn't make the grade.
The Spotlight award is for the jury to shine a light on a game they feel deserves recognition
Public vote by all registered attendees. Ballots are available (and handed in) at the conference reception.
Students Choice
Closed vote by student peers at the Department of Game Design. Ballots are available (and handed in) at the conference reception.
This award is The Department of Game Design's way of recognizing, and thanking, a student who has excelled. This could be in their chosen career, or in their way of giving back, and helping new generations of students.
The Almedalen Library Award
The Almedalen Library stands for accessibility, diversity, democracy and knowledge. We look for an entertaining and ideally thought-provoking game with a solid narrative core or a positive social mechanic. A game with replay-value that library visitors will want to return to many time. The game must also be child friendly.
All previous award winners – international, national and from the GGC – are listed on our department website.
* teams must nominate themselves for these awards, and only need to nominate for these. The rest are open to all exhibitors by default.
© 2021	Gotland Game Conference 2020


text:
Sir Ernest Wingate Wingate-Saul (15 March 1873 – 13 December 1944) was a British barrister and judge.

Background and education
Wingate-Saul was born in 1873, the son of William Wingate Wingate-Saul. He was educated at Rugby and Christ Church, Oxford, where he received the MA in October 1901. In 1897 he became a barrister of the Inner Temple, where he was elected a bencher in 1925.

Legal career
Wingate-Saul was appointed a King's Counsel (KC) in 1919. He was Recorder of Preston and Judge and Assessor of Borough Court of Pleas from 1921 until 1928, and Judge of Appeal in the Isle of Man from 1925 until 1928. He was also Umpire under the Unemployment Insurance Act between 1928 and 1944, and was appointed an Umpire under the Reinstatment in Civil Employment Act shortly before his death in 1944.

He was knighted in 1933.

Wingate-Saul died in 1944. Wingate-Saul Road in Fairfield, Lancaster is named after him.

Family
He married first, in 1902, Violet Satterthwaite (died 1935), daughter of Thomas Edmondson Stedman Satterthwaite, of Lancaster. They had three sons and two daughters. After his first wife's death, he married secondly, in 1938, Dorothy Sharpe, daughter of Edmund Sharpe, of Halton Hall, Lancaster.

References

1873 births
1944 deaths
Manx people


text:
<?php

namespace Sabre\CalDAV;

use Sabre\DAVACL;

class SharedCalendarTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {

    protected $backend;

    function getInstance(array $props = null) {

        if (is_null($props)) {
            $props = array(
                'id' => 1,
                '{http://calendarserver.org/ns/}shared-url' => 'calendars/owner/original',
                '{http://sabredav.org/ns}owner-principal' => 'principals/owner',
                '{http://sabredav.org/ns}read-only' => false,
                'principaluri' => 'principals/sharee',
            );
        }

        $this->backend = new Backend\Mock(
            array($props),
            array(),
            array()
        );
        $this->backend->updateShares(1, array(
            array(
                'href' => 'mailto:removeme@example.org',
                'commonName' => 'To be removed',
                'readOnly' => true,
            ),
        ), array());

        return new SharedCalendar($this->backend, $props);

    }

    function testGetSharedUrl() {
        $this->assertEquals('calendars/owner/original', $this->getInstance()->getSharedUrl());
    }

    function testGetShares() {

        $this->assertEquals(array(array(
            'href' => 'mailto:removeme@example.org',
            'commonName' => 'To be removed',
            'readOnly' => true,
            'status' => SharingPlugin::STATUS_NORESPONSE,
        )), $this->getInstance()->getShares());

    }

    function testGetOwner() {
        $this->assertEquals('principals/owner', $this->getInstance()->getOwner());
    }

    function testGetACL() {

        $expected = array(
            array(
                'privilege' => '{DAV:}read',
                'principal' => 'principals/owner',
                'protected' => true,
            ),
            array(
                'privilege' => '{DAV:}write',
                'principal' => 'principals/owner',
                'protected' => true,
            ),
            array(
                'privilege' => '{DAV:}read',
                'principal' => 'principals/owner/calendar-proxy-write',
                'protected' => true,
            ),
            array(
                'privilege' => '{DAV:}write',
                'principal' => 'principals/owner/calendar-proxy-write',
                'protected' => true,
            ),
            array(
                'privilege' => '{DAV:}read',
                'principal' => 'principals/owner/calendar-proxy-read',
                'protected' => true,
            ),
            array(
                'privilege' => '{' . Plugin::NS_CALDAV . '}read-free-busy',
                'principal' => '{DAV:}authenticated',
                'protected' => true,
            ),
            array(
                'privilege' => '{DAV:}read',
                'principal' => 'principals/sharee',
                'protected' => true,
            ),
            array(
                'privilege' => '{DAV:}write',
                'principal' => 'principals/sharee',
                'protected' => true,
            ),
        );

        $this->assertEquals($expected, $this->getInstance()->getACL());

    }

    /**
     * @expectedException InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public function testCreateInstanceMissingArg() {

        $this->getInstance(array(
            'id' => 1,
            '{http://calendarserver.org/ns/}shared-url' => 'calendars/owner/original',
            '{http://sabredav.org/ns}read-only' => false,
            'principaluri' => 'principals/sharee',
        ));

    }

}


Regarding "Farm animals deserve more space" (Oct. 8, Letters): You asked what kind of people we are to allow this? I'll tell you what we are: Humans are speciesists. We care so little about other species that we allow them to be raised and slaughtered in atrocious conditions. We allow them to have their skins peeled from their bones -- sometimes without killing them first. We cause immeasurable suffering to dairy cows by keeping them in a cycle of pregnancy to make millions from their milk. Ever notice that we are the only species that drinks another species' milk?
So what are we? We are apathetic, selfish speciesists who follow what generations before us did without considering why we do those things. But who cares? They're just animals.


Head to the big city with Little Critter and his mom in this adventurous picture book!
Mercer Mayer's Little Critter is spending a special day with his mom in this classic, funny, and heartwarming story. Whether the duo is at the museum, the aquarium, or the toy store, both parents and children alike will relate to Little Critter's beloved story. A perfect gift for Mother's Day . . . or any day!
MERCER MAYER began writing and illustrating children's books in 1966, and since then, he has published over 300 titles. Readers can open almost any of his award-winning books and out may pop dragons, cuddly monsters, wonderful creatures, and endearing critters. Drawing from his own childhood adventures for inspiration, Mayer created one of children's books most cherished characters, Little Critter. He currently lives in Connecticut.
Published by Thomas Nelson it is obvious from the beginning (scripture reference of Psalm 107:1) that this particular Little Critter book is based on Christian principles. Written in first person by Little Critter, the opening page has him wishing for a scooter in the shop window rather than being thankful for the one he already has. Little Critter continues to be ungrateful, always wishing for something "better". Even a talk from Dad doesn't stop him.
A word of caution here. If you do not like your child reading about being nasty to a sibling this might not be the book for you. When Little Sister bumps into Little Critter, causing him to drop his ice cream cone he says "I wish I had a big brother instead of a dumb little sister like you." Needless to say, Little Critter's mom reprimands him. The next day Little Critter is out at Grandma's farm. How did this trip help change Little Critter's attitude?
I really like the Inspired Kids collection with Little Critter. All these books offer a moral lesson for children in a way that is easy for them to understand and refer to. The pictures as always are just beautiful. In this story, Little Critter wishes he has things other kids have or things that he thinks are better than his. He wants to go to the movies instead of having a movie night at home with his family. He wants to go to a restaurant instead of eating at home. His father tells him that a lot of people would love to have what he has and he has to be thankful for what he has. This is a good way to put things in perspective. Well, telling is not as effective as showing, so Little Critter continues to wish for more things. What I did not like was when Little Critter was mad at his sister for knocking his ice cream down and Little Critter said he wished he had a big brother instead of a dumb little sister. I did not like the use of the word "dumb", though I know some kids will actually say this. My daughter, being the "little sister" in the family, took it to heart. I think such words are unnecessary in books like this. Also, when his mom told him to say he's sorry, he did not reply or apologize to his sister.
Other than that, I liked the book, but I will be editing that word from now on, though my daughter already knows it's there.
Finally, Little Critter visits the farm and sees how happy and content the animals are with the food they have. So he goes home with a new perspective and even teaches his sister to be appreciative as well. That's all :) Gotta love Little Critter.
Teaches gratitude in a simple way. It gives an idea for parents to do with their children to remind them to be grateful. It would be fun to read the book and then follow what they do in the book with your children. The only thing I did not like is at one point little critter calls his sister dumb. The point could have been made without that and I personally just leave it out when I read it.
5.0 out of 5 starsGood story, great lesson! Little Critter Books stand the test of time!
I used to have many of the Little Critter books when I was a kid (over 30 years ago) and my son's love for the collection proves that they have stood the test of time! This book, "Being Thankful" is part of the Inspired Kids series, which I have just recently started buying. In short, the moral of the story is to be grateful for and love everything that you DO have in your life and to stop focusing on what other people have that you don't. With all of the fancy gadgets of today's world, this can be a difficult lesson to teach a child and it helps for the lesson to be reinforced by a book as kids don't always want to listen to what their parents say! In this story, Grandma and Grandpa refocus the little Critters' attention on their "special rock," which helps them to stop and think about everything they are thankful to have in their lives. Good story, great lesson!
3.0 out of 5 starsNot what I expected -- Still love Little Critters!
I didn't realize this was a Critter book for older kids. I love the simpler Critter books for my toddlers. I grew up reading those as a child and I like to buy them for the holidays. This one has a lot of writing so we won't be using it for several years. My daughter doesn't have a long enough attention span for this one. Now I know not to buy the "Inspired Kids" books.
My daughter started out reading these books 13 years ago and now I have a son. I can tell you that having these books on hand helped her reach her AR reading goal every month in school. She could take the test on the book in 1st grade and really get points and awards in class which boosted her self esteem. We love the art of the newer critter books a bit better than the older ones but the stories are perfect. This time around I plan on getting lots of these books for my son because early reading is so essential!
I bought a bunch of these for different family members. Can't beat the price! I liked the themes and context....Grandpa, Dad, Grandma, etc. But they're very thin, lower quality paper. I guess that's reflected in the price. They don't have many pages, stores I very short and the illustrations are often very very busy. Almost to the point that my son has a hard time focusing on the story. So for us, they weren't a good fit. There arew better books where he can learn more and we can still tell a good story before bedtime.
5.0 out of 5 starsMore religious than I'm used to for Little Critter.
Little Critter's stories are generally not very religious and I'm not very religious myself, but this story does have religious undertones, mention of God and even a mention of a passage in the Bible on the inside of the book. With that said, I didn't find it overly religious or anything and the actual story and lesson is a very important one to teach children regarding being grateful for what we have instead of what we don't.


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Q: How to Fix mfplat in Python I run a mfplat.dll error when running a compiled program.
This error is in Windows Server 2012 r2.
This error can be fixed by installing Desktop Experience, but I want to do this with Python and there is no need to install Desktop Experience. Do you know a way?
thank you for your help


A couple of years ago, I had two ore crushers made by a welder to crush I always try and find a quartz rock to bring home on every outing.
CAHENG Vertical raw mill is a type of industrial equipment used to crush or grind materials into small particles. such as slag,cement coal,and.
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