text:
How to Be Politically Correct
Author Info | 21 References
Explore this Article Becoming More Understanding Choosing Respectful Language Speaking with Individuals or Groups Questions & Answers Related Articles
"Politically correct" is a bit of a misnomer—it isn't about being right; it's about being respectful and considerate. Being politically correct means that you avoid expressions and actions that may exclude, marginalize, or offend a particular group of people. The term first became popular during the 1970s and 1980s.[1] Political correctness has an important purpose: it promotes equality by demonstrating an understanding that all people and groups are valuable to society regardless of race, culture, religion, gender, or sexual orientation.
Becoming More Understanding
Consider your reasoning. Why is this important to you? What are your beliefs about being politically correct? You may wish to write it down, or simply make a list in your head. Exploring your reason will help you commit to a decision and discover your priorities.
You won't automatically gain points for being "correct." This isn't a math test.
You are allowed to say whatever you want to say. Similarly, other people are allowed to voice disagreement, and free speech won't protect you from the consequences of your words. Your voice is your choice.
No one is an angel. You will slip up sometimes, and that's normal. What's most important is that you make an effort, apologize if you hurt someone, and listen to others.
Focus on kindness, not on being "right." The phrase "politically correct" is misleading, because the spirit of what you're doing is being respectful and kind, not on imposing rules. Recognize that words can hurt, and can tie into countless other hurts that people may have experienced.[2][3] Focus less on yourself and your own word use, and more on the impact your words have on others.
The goal isn't to censor people, it's to encourage people to be kind.
The goal isn't to be right, but to not be a jerk, especially to people who have faced more than their fair share of hardship and jerks.[4]
Instead of asking "am I politically correct?" ask "am I being caring and respectful towards others?"[5]
Recognize that free speech goes both ways. Your professor has the right to go on a racist tirade online... and you have the right to screenshot that tirade, post it on social media, and say "she should be fired." Just like people have the right to be horrible jerks, you have the right to respond to that.
It's not that people are "too sensitive."[6] It's more about being nice. After all, there's a difference between "don't step on his foot because he's a sensitive, whiny crybaby" and "watch your step because it hurts him when you step on his foot, and his foot is broken because people keep treading on it, so he could really use a break."
Assess your own prejudices. Consider any conscious or unconscious prejudices you may hold. This can also include stereotypes you believe about groups of people. If you are aware of any negative feelings or stereotypes you hold towards individuals or groups, it will help you adjust your language and behavior towards your goal of being a respectful person.
There are a few ways to assess your own prejudices. What do you think when you hear an ethnic last name? What is your first instinct if you learn someone is gay or transgender? Being honest about your initial reactions can help you identify your prejudices.[7]
Besides acknowledging your prejudices, one excellent tool to identify any negative feelings you might need to work on is the Implicit Association Test (IAT). You can find this psychological test online to determine your prejudices.[8]
Learn about different kinds of prejudice. Understanding the prejudice in your society and around the world can help open your eyes. Learning about the struggles of others different than you can help you reevaluate your own preconceived notions. Education is an excellent way to overcome prejudices, understand those different than us, and become politically correct.
Individuals and groups are discriminated against for many different reasons including race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, culture, and socio-economic status. If you're unsure of these groups, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has information on groups who experience discrimination.
Taking a course at a university or doing some research online can help you learn more about prejudice.
Interact with those different than you. Stepping outside of your comfort zone is an important step for gaining awareness. Being politically correct doesn't just mean being mindful of what you say. It also means learning about those different from you and respecting those differences. Reach out, interact, talk, and befriend those who have a different background than you.[9]
Find coworkers or classmates who are different from you. Ask those people from a different ethnicity, religion, sexuality, or country to go to lunch. If you're not that close, just start a conversation with them. You can talk about your differences, but you may be surprised how much you have in common.
Find culturally diverse events and experiences. Developing your thoughts and understanding that all people are equal through interactive learning will foster a respectful attitude.
Don't be afraid to ask. Especially if you are a member of a privileged group, you may not understand the lived experiences of oppressed groups. This can be counteracted by asking questions and listening closely to the answers.
Check a search engine to see if any writers have answered your question online.
Keep your questions respectful and not too personal. "What pronouns should I use when referring to you?" and "Do you know of any good online resources where I can learn more about transgender issues?" are both reasonable questions. "What do your genitals look like?" is a very private question that should only be asked if you want to have sex with them, or you are a doctor and you need to know for medical reasons..
Choosing Respectful Language
Check with various communities about what language is appropriate, and what is hurtful.
Notice and reflect on disrespectful language, thoughts, and actions. If you educate yourself and monitor your thoughts, this will help control and change your language and behaviors. People may interpret and draw inferences from the language you use. When you are interacting with people, you want to be an open, respectful, and informed individual instead of a careless, disrespectful person.
Avoid racist, sexist, homophobic, etc. jokes because they are always hurtful.
If you catch yourself thinking something negative, don't scold yourself. Instead ask "Why did I think that?" "Do I really agree with that?" "What would better reflect the attitude I want to have?"
Respect people of different races. Recognize racist roots of words, whether they are as inflammatory as the n-word or as subtle as referring to immigrants as illegals.
Many common expressions have roots in discrimination caused by cultural arrogance and a lack of exposure to cultural diversity. Terms such as "Chinese auction," "Indian giver," "Jew down" (negotiate), and "gyp" (a bad deal, from the derogatory term "Gypsy" for the Roma) are racist.
Many common words also have implicit discrimination in them and are thus considered harmful. For example, words such as "gypsy" and "oriental" are derogatory. Instead use "Roma" for "gypsy" or "Asian" for "oriental.[10]
Some common actions, including wearing Halloween costumes, involve cultural appropriation—cheaply borrowing cultural aspects that people of color often face discrimination for doing authentically, and turning it into a trend or game. This includes wearing headdresses or feathers like many Native Americans. "Black Face," which is using makeup to represent a black person, "Yellow Face" (mimicking Asian people), and other similar things are extreme versions.
Use language that includes LGBTQIA+ people. Some people are bisexual, transgender, asexual, genderfluid, etc. and they deserve respect and inclusion. Work on substituting gender-neutral language to include people of different sexual orientations and gender identities.
Ask "Do you have any partners?" rather than "Do you have a boyfriend/girlfriend?"[11] Don't assume that people are heterosexual and monogamous.
Don't generalize about genitals. Some women have penises and some men have clitorises. Furthermore, intersex people exist.
Respect gender identities. There are more than two genders, and agender, genderfluid, etc. people exist. A person's real name is the name that they accept as the one that matches their gender.
If you're unsure how to be respectful towards someone's identity, just ask them. They'll appreciate your good intentions.
Avoid exclusionary, gender-specific language. Gender-specific language can be extremely harmful. Sexism, or discrimination against a person due to their marginalized gender identity, is used often (and frequently inadvertently). Try to avoid giving things genders in your mind, or out loud things, such as jobs; additionally, refrain from claiming actions, occupations, or items are "male" or "female."
Use gender-neutral job titles when you aren't referring to a specific person. For example, say "chairperson" or "chair" instead of "chairman"; "firefighter" is preferable to "fireman"; a "police officer" includes all genders; and "flight attendant" replaces "steward" and "stewardess."[12] The use of gender-specific titles is usually acceptable when addressing an individual. For example, if you are in a meeting and introducing Mr. Christopher Smith, the CEO of a company, then you may say, "Please welcome Mr. Smith, our Chairman of the Board."
Using terms and titles such as "woman's work" or "secretary" (instead of "administrative assistant") is demeaning and belittling.
Calling women "girls" (instead of "ladies" or "women") is infantilizing and discounts that the place of women in the world is equal to men.
Support victims of abuse, sexual harassment, and rape. Violence is a serious issue that many people reference or joke about in casual conversation, alienating victims and making it difficult for them to speak up. You can help by respecting them and taking them seriously.
Recognize that most (but not all!) victims are female. Use gender-inclusive language when discussing these social issues.
Making comments like "she asked for it" about rape victims or statements about a woman's physical appearance are dismissive and cruel.
Avoid rape jokes, as these can be hurtful to survivors.
Avoid using explicitly religious terms in mixed religious company. The world has innumerable different religions and not everyone shares the same beliefs. When speaking to a group of people, you may be talking to people from many different religions, or speaking to people who are agnostic or atheist. Limit the amount of religious terms in your language, especially when speaking in groups of people.[13] Save the religious discussions for when you're with people of your religion.
Avoid religious statements when talking to non-religious people, or people of an unknown religion. For example, instead of telling a sick atheist you'll pray for them, say that your thoughts are with them and their family.
It's also a good idea to avoid referencing "God/god." Every religious group has different names for and rules for saying the term. Jews do not say the name of god, Muslims refer to their god as Allah, and Hindus worship many different gods.[14]
Asking questions like "what would Jesus do?" to an individual whose religion you don't know or group that isn't entirely Christian is ill-advised.
There is an exception to using religious terms: to describe either academic or specific characteristics of a religious group. You may say "Evangelical Christians hold certain beliefs...", or "members of the Jewish faith celebrate Yom Kippur...".
Avoid expressions that devalue people with physical or mental disabilities. Some people prefer identity-first language ("disabled person") while others prefer person-first language ("person with a disability"), and it's best to respect their individual preference. Make sure not to use derogatory terms such as "ret*rd" and "midget," and avoid using words rooted in disability as insults.
Words such as "dumb," "crippled," "derp," and "psycho" are examples of disability-based insults/slurs.[15] They imply that disability is demeaning, and that disabled people wouldn't agree with your opinion.
Treat disabled people like ordinary people, accommodating any needs without resistance, and treating the disability as natural. Offer help if they're struggling, and don't push it on them if they say they can handle it.
Use person-first language for most disabilities, such as "person with Down Syndrome" rather than "Down Syndrome person." The Autistic, Blind, and Deaf communities are a few notable exceptions (e.g. "autistic person").[16][17] When unsure, ask an individual about their preferences.
Be accepting towards people of different sizes. Heavier people, especially women, experience discrimination and hardship because of social attitudes about weight. Be conscious of hurtful stereotypes regarding fat people being lazy, unhealthy, greedy, et cetera. Also skinny people, especially men can get discriminated as well.
Don't tell someone to gain or lose weight, or offer unsolicited advice or orders on how to do so. It's best not to mention their weight at all. Their body is not your business.
Don't assume a slimmer person has an eating disorder.
Watch your language closely. Some people, particularly fat acceptance advocates, self-identify as "fat" and encourage the destigmatization of the word. Other people could be very hurt by that adjective.
Practice. Become familiar the terms that various communities view as acceptable, and which ones are hurtful. Then start using them in your own speech.[18] The more you practice consideration and respect, the easier it will be and the less likely you are to offend someone.
Speaking with Individuals or Groups
Apply your knowledge. In conversations or discussions with groups or individuals, remember what you've learned while working on yourself. Your goal is not to knowingly hurt any person or group of people with your language or actions.
Know the situation. Are you in the workplace? A conference? A friend's party? Or maybe a family dinner? Each of these situations has different social rules for polite behavior. If you are aware of your surroundings, it will guide you to what words and actions are appropriate in any situation.
Formal situations such as the workplace or professional events have the highest standards and largest consequences.[19] Informal and private situations are more relaxed, but sensitivity still matters. You may be talking to someone of an oppressed group, and even if not, private attitudes shape how people respond to minorities.
Consider the individual or persons in the group. Even if they are not minorities, their friends, family, and acquaintances may be. Do you want to encourage empathy, or dismissiveness? Compassion, or disrespect?
Refrain from language that groups people into one large category. Don't lump people together based on religion, sexual orientation, gender, and ethnicity. Not everyone in a group is the same, acts the same, or believes the same things. This kind of language reduces a person to that one category, when people are so much more.
For example, don't refer to groups by saying things like: the deaf, the gays, the Jews, or the Blacks. If you are referring to a social group, acknowledge differences. "Many blind people feel that..."
Use language that makes a person or group feel like they are equal and included in any situation.
Avoid segregating language. When speaking to or about other groups, refrain from unnecessarily using the words "we" or "they." This suggests a separation instead of equality and inclusion.
Respect what people call themselves. Every individual and group has the right to choose the language that best describes their race, class, sex, gender, sexual orientation, culture, religion, or physical ability.
If you're not sure of someone's preference, you can ask them. For example, "I don't want to offend you and was wondering if you call yourself Black or African American?" If they are neither, show interest and ask how they'd like to be referred to. If you make your good intentions clear, they will most likely take it well.
Don't use controversial terms if you aren't a group member. For example, many Roma self-identify as gypsies. Unless you are a member of the Roma community, avoid using "gypsy" and always use Roma. It isn't your word to reclaim.
Skip the trendy terms. Most of these terms are used by members not part of the group. For example, don't call a person with disabilities "handi-capable" or "differently abled" or a short person "vertically challenged." Many people find these terms to be weird. This also means taking the words of those directly affected over those of "allies" in psychology or sociology who may stress the use of certain terms.
Respond gracefully if you're told that your words hurt someone. It's not personal, so don't get defensive. Accept any individual or group's choice to reject language that offends them. If you accidentally use the wrong language or offend someone or a group, apologize for your mistake and use the term they have chosen for themselves.
Educate instead of criticize when correcting someone. If you run into someone who is acting hurtful or being degrading about someone, take a deep breath and try to stay calm. You want to avoid fighting with someone, being superior, or criticizing them. Instead, talk to the person about the term. Open the lines of communication and engage in dialogue instead of humiliating them or telling them they are horrible.
When in doubt, assume that they meant well.
Bear in mind the possibility that the person in question may not match your expectations. Some people choose to "pass" as the status quo in order to avoid harassment, and others may not fit neatly into a stereotype or your assumptions of what an oppressed or privileged person would look like or how they would act.
Criticize the actions, not the person. "Please stop making fun of Hispanic immigrants. As a person who has Hispanic friends, I feel that those jokes really hurtful and demeaning to them."
Protect their ego while critiquing their actions. "I'm surprised to hear a considerate person like you say something so hurtful about people with Down Syndrome."
Try leading and ending with a compliment when you correct someone. Start with a compliment, like how you think the person made a good point or wrote a good article. Then, follow that with your correction or critique. Remember, do it in a nice way, not a rude way. Then finish it up with a compliment, like how you pointed it out because they seem like a thoughtful person.[20]
Respect different opinions. If you want to talk about touchy subjects, such as religion or politics, make sure that you are open to other opinions. People form their opinions based on backgrounds and experiences. If you are going to share your opinion, be open to listening to others. You may learn information or a perspective that helps inform your own opinion.[21] Everyone has something to teach you.
Share the spotlight. Let other people be heard too.
Pay close attention to opinions different from yours. This is your opportunity to learn something new.
Opinions focused on degrading others, e.g. "Black women are disgusting welfare queens" or "Autistic people should be eliminated from the gene pool" do not need to be treated as valid. This is hate speech.
Focus on the people, first and foremost. Respectful language isn't about you and your reputation—it's about kindness towards others. Keep being respectful, accepting, and inclusive in your words and thoughts. It's hard to go wrong if you keep valuing other people.
Remember that your words can have an impact.
Focus on valuing diverse people. Your first reaction to someone who is different may be confusion or fear—so take a deep breath, remember that the other person matters, and let your second reaction be one of acceptance and respect. Work on viewing individual differences as important and meaningful.
What if a person is using their individuality as a means of getting out of any sort of trouble, such as calling you sexist if you get upset over her literally grabbing your dick?
Stay away from this person. Grabbing your private parts without permission is sexual assault, and people of any gender have the right to have their boundaries respected. Set clear boundaries (such as "I am not okay with you touching my pants") and reiterate them if needed. If you're getting accusations, say "I'm not okay with people of any gender touching my private parts without permission." Having boundaries is reasonable, and if this person continues violating them, talk to an authority figure about how to deal with this.
What if I want to do the opposite of 90% of this?
Then you do not want to be politically correct.
What if I don't care that you have 80 genders?
I've never met anyone with 80 genders. If I did, I'd shrug and ask "okay, so what would you like me to call you?" It's okay if you don't want to know the details of someone's gender, or particularly care. They may not feel that it's your business anyway. Just keep being respectful and practicing basic human decency.
I am a straight white middle-class christian cisgender male. I don't agree with being politically correct, although I respect everyone with a minimum level of human decency. Am I a racist / homophobe?
Not necessarily. As long as you are respectful of others and do not bully or use slurs, you are not a racist/homophobe. However, you may want to think about what you consider to be a "minimum level of human decency". If you aren't treating everyone the way you would want to be treated, you need to reevaluate.
What f I don't appreciate being called a homophobic because it goes against the natural laws God has put into His creation?
If you voice an opinion, especially a hurtful one, don't be surprised if other people voice their opinions, too. When you tell people that they're going against God, you're imposing your beliefs onto their personal lives. It's disrespectful to tell other people that their personal lives need to conform to your religious beliefs. Muslims can't stop non-Muslims from eating pork, Buddhists can't shave the heads of non-Buddhists, etc. If you try to change others to conform to your personal beliefs, be prepared for them to push back.
What should I call a transgender person?
What they ask you to call them. Call them by their chosen name and pronouns, unless there's a situation where they aren't out yet (e.g. "Sue is a girl, but her family still thinks she is a boy, so I will call her a boy in front of her family until she is ready to tell them who she really is"). Their real name and pronouns are the ones that fit who they are inside, regardless of their genitals. For example, if someone was born with the name Ann, but then realizes he is actually Adrien, his real name is Adrien and you'd call him a "trans guy." Check out Understand the Basics of Transgender Terminology. And when in doubt, just take the person aside, explain that you don't know the right language, and politely ask them what they'd like to be called. If you mean well, that makes a difference, and it's okay if it takes you a little practice to get it down.
There were Irish Gypsies, but not a lot of people know about them. Is it OK to self-identity as Gypsy if I'm Irish?
Many Romani people are still discriminated against, and European businesses will have signs saying "no travelers" (i.e., no Romani people), similar to how the US used to have signs saying "whites only." Romani people don't migrate because they like it; they struggle to find people who will employ them and face routine discrimination. Is that the life you're living? If so, feel free to call yourself a "gypsy." If not, then it's insensitive to call yourself that. Many non-Romani people call themselves "gypsies" because they romanticize the terrible situation that many Romani people are living with. Be compassionate to them, and maybe do a little reading to understand better.
What should I do if my family doesn't respect political correctness?
If they say something you find offensive, speak up and say so (respectfully). However, sometimes people are set in their ways and it's impossible to convince them to change, so if you find this to be the case with your family, it's best to just ignore their comments.
What should I say if I hear someone being racist?
Politely let them know that what they're saying is wrong and inappropriate. If they are genuinely ignorant of the fact that they've said something racist, (again, politely) explain it to them. However, remember that you can't change everyone's mind, and it's also not your job to educate the racists of the world.
Can I be politically correct if I'm conservative?
Being a conservative doesn't mean being rude. Just be respectful of everyone.
Remember to be empathetic. Your don't want to harm or offend anyone.
If you accidentally offend someone, apologize for your mistake and learn from the situation. This will help you interact with this person or group, and other persons and groups, in the future.
If you're unsure in a situation, one rule of thumb is that some things are better left unsaid.
Generally, it's better to avoid using terminology as nouns (for example, avoid calling an autistic person "an autistic" or a transgender person "a transgender"). While some people do refer to themselves by these identifiers, using them as a noun is considered rude in most cases, especially if you aren't of these groups yourself.
Not Make Jokes That Are Highly Offensive to Others
Be Respectful
Use Gender Inclusive Language
Discourage Someone from Making Rape Jokes
Be Respected
Prepare a Speech
Know if Your Boyfriend Is Being Disrespectful to You
Earn Respect
Become a Decent Person
Get Respect at Work
Be Admired by Others
Teach a Teenager Respect
↑ http://www.phillymag.com/articles/penns-water-buffalo-incident-20-years/?all=1
↑ https://radicalcopyeditor.com/2016/10/24/part-3-care-more-about-people-than-words/
↑ https://radicalcopyeditor.com/2016/10/24/part-2-insensitive-language-isnt-offensive-its-harmful/
↑ https://radicalcopyeditor.com/2016/10/24/part-5-put-political-correctness-back-where-it-belongs/
↑ https://radicalcopyeditor.com/2016/10/24/part-4-oversensitive-doesnt-apply-to-oppression/
↑ https://www.experience.com/alumnus/article?channel_id=diversity&source_page=editor_picks&article_id=article_1155744906046
↑ https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/takeatest.html
↑ https://englishlive.ef.com/blog/english-in-the-real-world/english-politically-correct/
↑ http://itspronouncedmetrosexual.com/2011/12/why-i-sa-the-term-partner-instead-of-boyfriendgirlfriend-and-when/
↑ http://www.careerbuilder.com/article/cb-2726-job-info-trends-14-politically-correct-job-titles/
↑ http://www.personalitytutor.com/how-to-be-politically-correct.html
↑ http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1443443/jewish/Why-Dont-Jews-Say-Gds-Name.htm
↑ http://www.autistichoya.com/p/ableist-words-and-terms-to-avoid.html
↑ http://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/i-am-disabled-on-identity-first-versus-people-first-language/
↑ http://www.autismacceptancemonth.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/AAM-Identity-First-Language.pdf
↑ https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/how-to-be-politically-correct-without-being-the-pc/
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Categories: Respect | Social Activism
Español: ser políticamente correcto, Italiano: Essere Politicamente Corretto, Русский: быть политкорректным, Português: Ser Politicamente Correto, Deutsch: Politisch korrekt sein


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text:
For other uses, see Dum Dum (disambiguation).
Dum Dum is a city and a municipality of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).
Neighbourhood in Kolkata (Calcutta)
Jessore Road at Dum Dum
Location in Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Show map of Kolkata
Dum Dum (West Bengal)
Show map of West Bengal
Dum Dum (India)
Show map of India
Coordinates: 22°37′N 88°25′E / 22.62°N 88.42°E / 22.62; 88.42Coordinates: 22°37′N 88°25′E / 22.62°N 88.42°E / 22.62; 88.42
Greater Kolkata
Dum Dum, Dum Dum Cantonment(under construction), Jessore Road(under construction) and Biman Bandar(under construction)
Dum Dum Municipality
9.23 km2 (3.56 sq mi)
12,000/km2 (32,000/sq mi)
Bengali, English
UTC+5:30 (IST)
Vidhan Sabha constituency
north24parganas.nic.in
During the 19th century the area was home to the Dum Dum Arsenal, a British Royal Artillery armoury, where, in the early 1890s, Captain Neville Bertie-Clay developed a bullet with the jacket cut away at the tip to reveal its soft lead core (see hollow-point bullet), known informally as a dum-dum,[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] or more correctly as an expanding bullet. The previous name of Dumdum was "Domdoma".
Dum Dum was sparsely populated before the British came. The area was slightly elevated. On 6 February 1757, an accord was signed at Dum Dum by the Nawab of Bengal to allow the British to build forts at Calcutta, Dacca and Kashim Bazar. In 1783 a cantonment was established at Dum Dum. Military barracks were built and civilians started coming in to provide essential services to the military personnel. A Cantonment Board was formed to provide civic amenities. The ordnance factory was established at Dum Dum in 1846. It may be noted that both North Dumdum municipality and South Dumdum municipality were established in 1870 thereby somewhat defining administratively the different parts of an earlier undefined Dum Dum "area".[8][9][10][11]
Dum Dum was a separate subdivision for a short period. (See Barrackpore subdivision for more information). During the early years of the cantonment the British waged several imperial wars, out of which the wars in Burma, Nepal, the Deccan and Afganisthan were costly in blood and lives. Two monuments were erected to commemorate their memory. During the 1857 disturbances the Indian sepoys posted at Dum Dum were affected, and Mangal Pandey was hanged from a tree at Dum Dum cantonment (he/ his dead body was probably hanged at both Barrackpore and Dum Dum). Dum Dum cantonment was closed down and the Cantonment Board was replaced by Dum Dum Municipality in 1929. The temporary set back to Dum Dum arising from abolition of the cantonment and departure of British troops, was partially made up with the shifting of Jessop & Co. from Howrah to Dum Dum in 1928 and establishment of the Gramophone Company at Dum Dum in 1929. Bengal Flying Club, established in 1920, had a small fleet of single engine moth planes. The independence movement led to the sudden development of the Central Jail, where many top leaders and more numerous unknown patriots were lodged. The old military barracks made way for multi-storied jail barracks. The environment quite often reverberated with the chanting of Vande Mataram.[8]
With the partition of Bengal in 1947, "millions of refugees poured in from erstwhile East Pakistan."[12] In the initial stages bulk of the refugees were non-agriculturists. A few of them made their own arrangements, but "it was squatters who made the East Bengali refugees famous or infamous." Squatting (jabardakhal in Bengali) ranged from the forcible occupation of barracks to the collective take-over of private, government and waste land. "This happened as early as 1948 with middle class refugees in the Jadavpur area: first on government land and then on private property, leading to violent clashes. Having won the battle, the elated squatters named their colony 'Bijaygarh', the Fort of Victory." By 1949, there were 40 such colonies in Jadavpur, Kasba, Santoshpur, Garia and Behala, in the south-eastern part of the city, and 65 in the Dum Dum and Panihati zone in the north. Subsequently squatters colonies also came up along the west bank of the Hooghly and by 1950, there were 150 such colonies. It has to be borne in mind that the squatters were in a way "self-settlers" in the absence of adequate official arrangements for rehabilitation. Within a very short time the refugees (quite often with government/ administrative support) not only found a place to stay but developed a society with markets, schools, temples and sometimes even colleges, hospitals and recreational centres.[13][14] Efforts have been made in more recent years to regularise land/property rights in the refugee colonies.[15][16][17][18]
GeographyEdit
[Full screen]
Cities and towns in the southern portion of Barrackpore subdivision in North 24 Parganas district
M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town,
N: neighbourhood/ administrative location
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
Map of Municipal Corporations and Municipalities. Click for a larger view
LocationEdit
Dum Dum is located at 22°37′N 88°25′E / 22.62°N 88.42°E / 22.62; 88.42.[19] It has an average elevation of 11 metres (36 feet).
Dum Dum is bounded by North Dumdum (municipality) on the north and a part of the west, Rajarhat CD Block on the east, and South Dumdum (municipality) on the south and a part of the west.[20]
96% of the population of Barrackpore subdivision (partly presented in the map alongside, all places marked on the map are linked in the full screen map) lives in urban areas. In 2011, it had a density of population of 10,967 per km2 The subdivision has 16 municipalities and 24 census towns.[21]
For most of the cities/ towns information regarding density of population is available in the Infobox. Population data is not available for neighbourhoods. It is available for the entire municipal area and thereafter ward-wise.
Police stationEdit
Dum Dum police station under Barrackpore Police Commissionerate has jurisdiction over Dum Dum and South Dumdum municipal areas.[22][23]
Under Dumdum PS there are some Police Out Posts named 1. Kamardanga 2. Ghughudanga
Post OfficesEdit
Dum Dum is vast locality with many Postal Index Number numbers:
Dum Dum has a delivery sub post office, with PIN 700028 in the Kolkata North Division of Kolkata district in Calcutta region. Other post offices with the same PIN are Rajabagan, Jugipara Shatgachhi, Kamalapur, Kumarpara, Nagerbazar and Ordnance Factory.[24][25]
Durganagar has a non-delivery sub post office, with PIN 700065 in the Kolkata North Division of Kolkata district in Calcutta region. Other post offices with the same PIN are Subhas Nagar, Rabindra Nagar and Health Institute.[26]
Motijheel has a delivery sub post office, with PIN 700074 in the Kolkata North Division of Kolkata district in Calcutta region. Other post offices with the same PIN are Dum Dum Road and Jawpore.[27]
Jessore Road has a non-delivery sub post office, with PIN 700080 in the Kolkata North Division of Kolkata district in Calcutta region. The only other post office with the same PIN is Mall Road.[28]
and also 700081 for area Rajbari, Nalta area.
700055 for Bangur Avenue and Dumdum park.
700030 for Ghughudanga, Seventanks(an area comes under Kolkata Municipal Corporation).
DemographicsEdit
PopulationEdit
Population of Dum Dum
2011 114,786 13.3%
Source:[29]
As per the 2011 Census of India, Dum Dum had a total population of 114,786, of which 58,566 (51%) were males and 56,220 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 8,259. The total number of literates in Dum Dum was 97,997 (91.99% of the population over 6 years). [30]
As of 2001 India census,[31] Dumdum had a population of 102,319. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Dumdum has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85% and, female literacy is 78%. In Dumdum, 8% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Kolkata Urban AgglomerationEdit
The following Municipalities, Census Towns and other locations in Barrackpore subdivision were part of Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in the 2011 census: Kanchrapara (M), Jetia (CT), Halisahar (M), Balibhara (CT), Naihati (M), Bhatpara (M), Kaugachhi (CT), Garshyamnagar (CT), Garulia (M), Ichhapur Defence Estate (CT), North Barrackpur (M), Barrackpur Cantonment (CB), Barrackpore (M), Jafarpur (CT), Ruiya (CT), Titagarh (M), Khardaha (M), Bandipur (CT), Panihati (M), Muragachha (CT) New Barrackpore (M), Chandpur (CT), Talbandha (CT), Patulia (CT), Kamarhati (M), Baranagar (M), South Dumdum (M), North Dumdum (M), Dum Dum (M), Noapara (CT), Babanpur (CT), Teghari (CT), Nanna (OG), Chakla (OG), Srotribati (OG) and Panpur (OG).[32]
IndustryEdit
The following industrial units are located in Dum Dum:
Ordnance Factory Dum Dum is a modern factory with unique high precision machining system such as Laser Cutting Machine, CNC operated Injection Moulding Machine and CNC Machines for carrying out stringent quality products. The factory was initiated when Robert Clive recaptured Calcutta from Siraj ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, in 1757. It became the first development centre for defence stores in India established by the Royal forces. When the Gun & Shell Factory was established at Cossipore it worked in tandem with the Gun & Shell Factory. After the disastrous First Anglo-Afghan War, the first Ammunition Factory in British India was set up here. It produced the dumdum bullets. The 1857 mutiny was sparked by inputs from this factory. The site was also used as a jail and many freedom fighters were hung here. Hearsay includes the Santal leader Kanhu Murmu. The Ammunition Factory was shifted to Pune in 1869, but the ordnance factory continued to function at Dum Dum.[33]
Jessop & Company, located at Dum Dum, is a leading engineering company since 1788, when Breen & Company was founded in Calcutta. In 1820, Henry and George, sons of William Jessop, acquired, on behalf of Butterley Company, Breen & Company. Butterley Company was founded in Derbyshire, England. Butterley Company and Breen & Company merged to form Jessop & Company in 1820. The company was a pioneer in the engineering field and had many feathers in its cap. During 1815-40 it built the first iron bridge (loha-ka-pul) in India, across the Gomti at Lucknow. It floated the first steam boat in Indian waters in 1819, manufactured the first steam roller for Indian roads in 1890, and produced the first electrical multiple unit (EMU) coach for Indian railways in 1959. In 1973, the company was taken over by the Government of India and in 1986, it became a subsidiary of the holding company Bharat Bhari Udyog Nigam.[34][35] In 2003, as part of the strategic disinvestment of the NDA government, the Kolkata-based Ruia Group, headed by Pawan Kumar Ruia, took charge of loss-making Jessop.[36] Pawan Kumar Ruia has successfully turned around Jessop.[37]
The original painting "His Master's Voice" was made in 1899.
The Dum Dum recording studio of Saregama, a part of the factory with production facilities, was established in 1928. It holds "around 30,000 master tapes of original Indian music recorded by the company since Gauhar Jaan sang raga Jogiya in Kolkata and became the first Indian voice to be recorded on shellac disc in 1902." In the studio "text and photographs of artistes from Hindustani and Carnatic classical, Hindi and south Indian playback, devotional and Bengali music, who have recorded with the company, are also exhibited along with a copy of the original agreement that Tagore signed with the company before cutting his first musical record at the Dum Dum studio in 1928." The tapes are in at least 19 major Indian languages. The collection includes speeches of Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose. In the world of music the list is too long for elaboration here but it includes the voice of Kazi Nazrul Islam. It is a simple, "You name it and it is there." Saregama of the RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group under the chairmanship of Sanjiv Goenka, were the successors to the Gramaphone Company of India (possibly better known for their His Master's Voice or HMV logo) was among the first overseas branches of the British record firm, Electric and Music Industries (EMI).[38]
InfrastructureEdit
As per the District Census Handbook 2011, Dum Dum municipal city covered an area of 9.23 km2. Amongst the civic amenities it had open drains. Amongst the medical facilities It had 13 medicine shops. Amongst the educational facilities it had 31 primary schools, 10 secondary schools, 19 senior secondary schools, 1 degree college for arts/science/commerce and 77 non-formal education centres. Amongst the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 10 auditorium/ community halls, 11 public libraries and 1 reading room. Amongst the commodities manufactured were rail wagons, gun and shell, and music CD. It had 6 bank branches.[39]
See also Cities and towns in Barrackpore subdivision
KMDAEdit
Dum Dum municipality is included in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area for which the KMDA is the statutory planning and development authority.[40][41]
TransportEdit
Dum Dum Cantonment and Durganagar railway stations are on the Sealdah-Bangaon line.[42]
NH 12 (previously NH 34) running from Dalkhola to Bakkhali, locally popular as Jessore Road, passes through Dum Dum.[43]
Buses ply both arterial roads: the Jessore Road and the Dum Dum Road. On Dum Dum Road the bus routes are 30B, 30B/1, 202, 219/1, DN9/1, Howrah-Nagerbazar Mini, Dankuni-Nagerbazar WBSTC, Rajchandrapur-Salt Lake white bus, S10 etc. On Jessore road there are more routes: 3C/1, 3C/2, 30C, 30D, 79B, 91, 91A, 93, 211A, 219, 221, 223, DN8, DN18, Bagbazar-Birohi, S13, R.G.Kar-Barasat. The minor roads on which buses ply are R.N. Guha Road (30B/1) and Gorabazar-Cantonment Road (30D).
Travel within Dum DumEdit
There are a plenty of blue-yellow private buses, mini-buses and taxis, as well as a few CSTC or WBSTC or CTC buses in Dum Dum. Autos are plentiful and can be used for short stretches. Nagerbazar is the hub of autos where there are 4 routes originates viz: 1) Nagerbazar - Dum Dum Junction 2) Nagerbazar - Dum Dum Cantt 3) Nagerbazar - Airport 1 no. gate 4) Nagerbazar - Laketown
In addition, there are taxis: Nagerbazar and Dum Dum Airport are the largest taxi stands. The other popular means of travel over short distances is the rickshaw, newly battery operated rickshaws (locally called Totos) can also be seen.
EducationEdit
The following colleges are located in Dum Dum:
Dum Dum Motijheel College was established at Dum Dum in 1950. The college runs in two shifts. The women's section has classes in the morning and the coeducational section has classes during the day. The day section offers honours courses in Bengali, English, economics, education, history, human development, journalism & mass communication, philosophy, political science, sociology, botany, chemistry, computer science, geography, mathematics, micro biology, physics and zoology. The morning section offers honours courses in Bengali, English, education, economics, history, human development, journalism & mass communication, philosophy, political science, sociology, botany, chemistry, computer science, geography, mathematics, microbiology and physics. The college has a post graduate unit in M.Sc. mathematics and M.A. English. It offers a vocational course in instrumentation.[44][45]
Dum Dum Motijheel Rabindra Mahavidyalaya was established at Dum Dum in 1968.It was started as an evening college in commerce, became a day college in commerce in 1974 and finally a general day college, with arts, science, and commerce courses, in 2004. It offers B.Com (Hons) in marketing, geography honours in B.Sc. and Journalism honours in B.A.[46][47]
Sarojini Naidu College for Women was established at Dum Dum in 1956. It offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, geography, history, philosophy, political science, economics, botany, chemistry, mathematics, philosophy, zoology and anthropology.[48][49]
Ramakrishna Sarada Mission Vivekananda Vidyabhavan was established by Ramakrishna Sarada Mission at Dum Dum in 1961.It is a partly residential college for women. It offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, education, history, philosophy, political science, economics, sociology, journalism & mass communication, economics and geography.[50][51]
Indian College of Arts and Draftsmanship, was established at Dum Dum in 1893. It offers courses in painting, applied arts, sculpture and graphics. It is affiliated with Rabindra Bharati University.[52]
The following schools are located in Dum Dum:
Dum Dum Subhasnagar High School, at Subhasnagar, is a Bengali-medium school, boys only up to Class X and coeducational for the higher secondary classes. It was established in 1954.[53][54]
Dum Dum Baidyanath School, at Harimohan Dutta Road, is a girls only Bengali-medium school.[55]
Dum Dum Girls' School, at UK Dutta Road, in Ward No. 20 of Dum Dum Municipality, is a girls only Bengali-medium higher secondary school. It has facilities for teaching in Classes VI to XII. It was established in 1951.[56][57]
Dum Dum Motijheel Girls' High School, at Dum Dum Road, is a girls' high school.[58][59]
Kendriya Vidyalaya Ordnance Factory Dum Dum was established in 1986, for the children of employees of the Ordnance Factory Dum Dum, defence personnel and other central government offices. It has arrangements for teaching from Classes I to XII. A co-educational day school, it functions under Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangthan and prepares students for CBSE examinations through Hindi and English mediums. The Vidyalaya offers free education up to Class VIII.[60][61]
Dum Dum K.L.S. Hindi Vidyalaya, in Ward No. 19, Dum Dum Municipality, is a Hindi-medium co-educational higher secondary school run by the Department of Education, Government of West Bengal. Established in 1959, it has arrangements for teaching in Classes VI to XII.[62][63]
Auxilium Convent School at Rajbari, Dum Dum, is an English-medium girls only school run by Salesian Sisters. Established in 1960, it prepares students for the ISC and ICSE examinations. Admission eligibility for LKG is 3 years age on 31 March.[64]
See also - North Dumdum and South Dumdum for more schools in the Dum Dum area
HealthcareEdit
Dum Dum Municipal Specialised Hospital at 4 Hari Mohan Dutta Road, Dum Dum Cantonment, has been modernised and updated with the objective of offering treatment on par with the best medical facilities in Kolkata. It has 105 beds. It has experienced doctors (4 doctors are available round-the-clock), qualified nurses, technicians and staff. It specialises in pace-maker implantation, total knee replacement, spinal surgery and has cardiac ambulance facility.[65][66]
Dum Dum Central Jail Hospital functions with 100 beds.[65]
Dum Dum Arsenal
Dum-dum bullets
Dum-dum fever
List of reduplicated place names
^ First world War
^ India 9
^ Encyclopedia
^ Specialist Ammunition Types
^ 303 British
^ BBC News
^ "Dum Dum". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Retrieved 18 May 2009.
^ a b "Dum Dum Municipality". Chronicles of Dum Dum. DDM. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
^ "Ordnance Factory Dum Dum". History – Dum Dum Story. OFDD. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
^ "North Dum Dum municipality". About us. NDM. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
^ "South Dum Dum Municipality". Barrackpore administration. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
^ Chatterjee, Monideep, "Town Planning in Calcutta: Past, Present and Future", in "Calcutta, The Living City" Vol II, Edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Page 142, First published 1990, 2005 edition, ISBN 0-19-563697-X
^ Chatterjee, Nilanjana, "The East Bengal Refugees: A Lesson in Survival", in "Calcutta, The Living City" Vol II, Edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Pages 72-75, First published 1990, 2005 edition, ISBN 0-19-563697-X
^ Sen, Uditi. "The Myths Refugees Live By Memory and History of the Making of Bengali Refugee Identity". 2014, Page 48. Modern Asian Studies, 48, doi:10.1017/S0026749X12000613. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
^ "The Refugee City: Partition and Kolkata's Post-colonial landscape". Bangalnama, 31 August 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
^ "Dilemas of Diaspora: Partition, Refugees and the Politics of 'Home'". Pablo Bose. academia.edu. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
^ "4m refugees entered West Bengal after 1971". Nirmalya Banerjee. The Times of India, 11 August 2000. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
^ "Civic tax net on colony plots". 30 July 2008. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Dum Dum
^ "District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Map of Barrackpore II CD Block on Page 379. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
^ "District Statistical Handbook". North 24 Parganas 2013, Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
^ "District Statistical Handbook". North 24 Parganas 2013, Table 2.1. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
^ "Barrackpore Police Commissionerate". List of Police Stations with telephone numbers. West Bengal Police. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
^ "Locate Post Offices". West Bengal. Postal Department. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
^ "Dum Dum PIN Code". pincodezip.in. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
^ "Durganagar PIN Code". pincodezip.in. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
^ "Motijheel PIN Code". pincodezip.in. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
^ "Jessore Road PIN Code". pincodezip.in. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
^ "District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Section II Town Directory, Pages 781-783 Statement I: Growth History, Pages 799-803. Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
^ "2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables". West Bengal – District-wise. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
^ "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011" (PDF). Constituents of Urban Agglomeration Having Population Above 1 Lakh. Census of India 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
^ "Ordnance Factory Dum Dum". Indian Ordnance Factories. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
^ "Welcome to Jessop & Co. Ltd". History. Jessop. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
^ "Jessop & Co. Ltd., Kolkata" (PDF). Jessop. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
^ Sen, Elora. "Jessop Rebuilding History". India Today, 15 October 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
^ "How Ruia turned Jessop around". Source: Business Standard. Rediff.com 26 November 2005. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
^ Bag, Shamik. "The house of vinyl". Kolkata Chromosome. live mint, 23 September 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
^ "District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Section II Town Directory, Pages 781-783 Statement I: Growth History, Pages 799-803; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 791-794; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 795-796; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 803-805 Section: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities. Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
^ "Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authoity, Annual Report 2010-11". 1/1 Kolkata Metropolitan Area Map. KMDA. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
^ "Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority, Annual Report 2010-11". 1 / 2 Role of KMDA. KMDA. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
^ "33811 Seldah Bangaon Local". Time Table. indiarailinfo. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
^ "Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways" (PDF). New Delhi: Department of Road Transport and Highways. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
^ "Dum Dum Motijheel College". DDMC. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
^ "Dum Dum Motijheel College". College Admission. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
^ "Dum Dum Motijheel Rabindra Mahavidyalaya". DDMRM. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
^ "Dum Dum Motijheel Rabindra Mahaviyalaya". College Admission. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
^ "Sarojini Naidu College for Women". SNCW. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
^ "Sarojini Naidu College for Women". College Admission. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
^ "Ramakrishna Sarada Mission Vivekananda Vidyabhaban". RSMVV. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
^ "Ramakrishna Sarada Mission Vivekananda Vidyabhaban". collegesdmission.in. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
^ Indian College of Arts and Draftsmanship
^ "Dum Dum Subhasnagar High School". Grotal. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
^ "Dum Dum Subhasnagar High School". Find Glocal. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
^ "Dum Dum Bidyanath Institution". Grotal. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
^ "Dum Dum Girls' High School". ICBSE. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
^ "Dum Dum Girls High School". Schools of Kolkata. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
^ "Dum Dum Motijheel Girls' High School". Grotal. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
^ "Dum Dum Motijheel Girls' High School". DDMHS. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
^ "Kendriya Vidyalaya Ordnance Factory Dum Dum". KDOFDD. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
^ "Kendriya Vidyalaya Ordnance Factory Dum Dum". schoolmykids. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
^ "Dum Dum K.L.S. Hindi Vidyalaya School". ICBSE. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
^ "West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education". WBCHSE. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
^ "Auxilium Convent School, Dum Dum". School Connects. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
^ a b "Health & Family Welfare Department". Health Statistics. Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
^ "Highlights of the Three Year Old". Dum Dum Municipal Specialised Hospital. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dum Dum.
Kolkata/Northern fringes travel guide from Wikivoyage
http://www.calcuttaairport.com/
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dum_Dum&oldid=906314916"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Héctor Osvaldo Facundo (* 2. November 1937 in Buenos Aires; † 13. November 2009 in Pavón, Provinz Buenos Aires) war ein argentinischer Fußballspieler, der mit der Nationalmannschaft seines Heimatlandes an der Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft 1962 teilnahm. Auf Vereinsebene spielte Facundo für die beiden bonarenser Vereine CA San Lorenzo de Almagro und CA Huracán.

Karriere

Vereinskarriere
Héctor Facundo wurde als 18-Jähriger im Jahre 1956 in die erste Mannschaft des Bonarenser Vereins CA San Lorenzo de Almagro aufgenommen. In den folgenden acht Jahren bis 1963 war Facundo, der auf der Position eines Stürmers agierte, für San Lorenzo de Almagro aktiv und gewann dabei einmal die argentinische Meisterschaft. In der Saison 1959 wurde man Erster mit sieben Punkten Vorsprung auf den Racing Club aus Avellaneda. Dadurch war San Lorenzo de Almagro, wo Facundo unter anderem zusammen spielte mit anderen südamerikanischen Fußballgrößen der damaligen Zeit wie etwa den argentinischen Angreifern José Sanfilippo und Norberto Boggio oder Paraguays Mittelfeldregisseur Ángel Berni, für die Copa Libertadores 1960, die erste ihrer Art überhaupt, startberechtigt. Im Entscheidungsspiel des Halbfinals unterlag San Lorenzo dem uruguayischen Vertreter CA Peñarol, der wenig später gegen Olimpia Asunción aus Paraguay den Südamerikapokal für Vereinsmannschaften gewann. San Lorenzo war Montevideo nur knapp unterlegen, nach der heutzutage angewandten Regel, nach der die größere Anzahl von Auswärtstoren bei gleicher Tordifferenz entscheidend ist, wäre man sogar im Finale gewesen, da man in Montevideo 1:1 spielte und zuhause torlos remis.

Héctor Facundo spielte bis Ende 1963 für CA San Lorenzo de Almagro und kam insgesamt auf 121 Ligaspiele für den Verein, wobei ihm 28 Tore gelangen. Zur Saison 1964 ging er zum Stadtrivalen CA Huracán, wo er in den folgenden zwei Jahren weitere fünfzehn Spiele in der Primera División machte, es aber nicht zum Stammspieler schaffte. 1965 beendete Héctor Facundo im Alter von nur 28 Jahren seine aktive Laufbahn als Fußballspieler.

Nationalmannschaft
Zwischen 1959 und 1962 wurde Héctor Facundo sieben Mal in der argentinischen Fußballnationalmannschaft eingesetzt. Er erzielte während dieser Zeit ein Tor. Dieses eine Tor entschied das Auftaktspiel der argentinischen Mannschaft bei der Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft 1962 in Chile, das die Mannschaft von Trainer Juan Carlos Lorenzo mit 1:0 gegen Bulgarien gewann. Facundo war in der vierten Spielminute der einzige Torschütze des Spiels im Estadio El Teniente von Rancagua. Durch eine 1:3-Niederlage gegen England und ein 0:0 gegen Ungarn schied die argentinische Mannschaft beim Weltturnier 1962 als Gruppendritter jedoch schon nach der Vorrunde aus. Nach der Weltmeisterschaft endete auch die Nationalmannschaftszeit von Héctor Facundo.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Infos zum Spieler

Fußballnationalspieler (Argentinien)
Fußballspieler (CA San Lorenzo de Almagro)
Fußballspieler (Club Atlético Huracán)
Argentinier
Argentinischer Meister (Fußball)
Sportler (Buenos Aires)
Geboren 1937
Gestorben 2009
Mann
Teilnehmer an einer Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft (Argentinien)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
LTLA
Convention & Contest Info
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Constitution Of the Louisiana Teen-Age Librarians Association
The name of this organization shall be the Louisiana Teen-age Librarians Association.
The objectives of this organization shall be to increase student interest and participation in library work, to promote friendship and cooperation between the librarians and student Library/Media Club members throughout the state, to develop leadership, and to arouse interest in librarianship as a profession.
Article III
Section 1. The membership of this organization shall be composed of those students in grades six through twelve who are interested in library work and who are affiliated with a school library as student assistants.
Section 2. Each member club shall send $5.00 per club member per year, with a twenty dollar minimum, to the state organization. Each librarian or local treasurer shall be responsible for sending the names of the members and dues to the state treasurer by November 1.
Section 3. Registration fees, necessary for the success of the meetings, may be charged for conventions on the approval of the executive board. The amount of such fees must be determined and members advised prior to the convention.
Section 4. The treasurer shall issue membership certificates to all clubs which pay dues.
Article IV
Section 1. The officers of this organization shall be a President, a First Vice-President, a Second Vice-President, a Secretary, a Treasurer, a Reporter, a Historian, and a Parliamentarian. These officers shall perform the duties prescribed herein.
Section 2. All officers shall be elected by ballot to serve for one year, and their term of office shall begin at the close of the annual meeting at which they are elected.
Section 3. No club shall have more than one elective office.
Duties of Officers
Section 1. The President shall preside at all meetings of the organization. The President shall name all committees and shall be an ex-officio member of all committees.
Section 2. The First Vice-President shall preside in the absence of the President and shall assume all duties of the President when he is absent or a vacancy occurs. The First Vice-President shall be chairman of all programs for the year.
Section 3. The Second Vice-President shall be responsible for the workshops and book discussions, shall assist the First Vice-President and President as requested, and shall assume the duties of the First Vice-President should a vacancy occur in the office of President or First Vice-President.
Section 4. The Secretary shall keep an accurate record of all minutes of all meetings and all members of the organization and shall conduct correspondence for the organization.
Section 5. The Treasurer shall keep an accurate record of all money received and paid out. He shall not pay out any money except on approval of the President. He shall be ready to make a report at the annual meeting.
Section 6. The Reporter shall be the publicity agent for the organization.
Section 7. The Historian shall keep an attractive and up-to-date scrapbook of the organization's publicity material.
Section 8. The Parliamentarian shall assist the President with parliamentary procedures, using Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised as a reference.
Article VI
Section 1. Regular meetings of this organization shall be held once per year.
Section 2. Special meetings may be called by the President, with the advice of the executive board.
Article VII
The executive board shall be composed of the officers of the organization, the chairman of the Student Relations Committee, and the librarian sponsoring the President.
Article VIII
Section 1. The standing committees of the organization shall be the Handbook Committee, the Hospitality Committee, the Registration Committee, and the Sales Promotion Committee.
Section 2. Such other committees, standing or special, shall be named by the President as needed.
Article IX
Parliamentary Authority
Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised shall be the parliamentary authority of this organization, subject to the standing rules which have been or may be adopted.
Article X
This document may be amended by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any meeting, provided notice has been given in the call for the meeting, in order that delegates may be instructed on voting by local clubs, to thus represent the entire membership.
1. The organization shall have a state pin and emblem.
2. The organization shall have a flower to be used for decorations at all conventions, banquets, and on other appropriate occasions.
3. The colors of the organization shall be blue and white.
4. The motto of the organization shall be reading, knowledge, and service.
5. All sponsors of library/media clubs affiliated with the Louisiana Teen-age Librarians Association must be members of the Louisiana Association of School Librarians.
6. The librarian of a candidate for office must attend the convention. In case of serious illness or death in the immediate family, a member of the Louisiana Association of School Librarians may substitute as the candidate's sponsor. If a substitution is made, the Student Relations Committee chairman should be notified and should approve this change.
7. The President, First Vice President, Second Vice-President, and Treasurer must come from a school where the librarian has had the experience of sponsoring an officer or a committee.
8. Candidates for the office of President, First Vice-President, Second Vice-President should be juniors and seniors at the time they serve. The Secretary and Treasurer should at least be freshmen at the time they serve. The Historian, Reporter, and Parliamentarian should be at least in the seventh grade at the time they serve.
9. No club shall have more than on committee.
10. The Student Relations Committee must approve all nomination BEFORE the names are placed on the ballot.
11. Before submitting a name to the ballot, the librarian should examine the duties, responsibilities, and requirements with the possible candidate. The student and the librarian will be expected to attend the convention and two executive baord meetings.
12. The executive board meetings are to be held on Saturdays, one in April and one in October, in a centrally located place to the officers and committee chairmen. All officers and committee chairmen and their librarians are expected to attend. The organization cannot reimburse expenses for attending these meetings.
13. A copy of all letters sent should be kept by the officers and committee chairmen. All letters should be grammatically correct and courteous. All letters received should be filed. Letters should be answered promptly.
14. Only current library/media club members may attend the convention.
15. Each library/media club may send twelve delegates to the convention. Not included in the twelve delegates are officers, committee chairmen, people appearing on the program, and candidates.
16. The school librarian must accompany any group at the hotel. The librarian is responsible for the behavior of his students. If a substitution is made, the Student Relations Committee chairman should be notified and should approve this change.
17. Students are required to attend all functions.
18. All delegates must wear name tags at all functions.
19. All candidates and their sponsors must attend the executive board meeting held at the beginning of the convention.
20. All sponsors who are not involved in the executive board meeting at the beginning of the convention are expected to serve as chaperones on the tour buses.
21. All candidates and their sponsors must attend the political rally at the convention.
22. Sponsors must attend the sponsors meeting at the convention.
23. Winning candidates and their sponsors must attend the executive board meeting to be held immediately following the convention.
24. The Wes Smith Memorial Essay Contest is divided into two divisions: junior high (grades 6-9) and high school (grades 10-12)
25. All officers must reside in the state of Louisiana.
26. Other than the president and first vice president as provided for in the Constitution, clubs holding a particular office will be allowed, in the event of a resignation, to appoint a replacement from the club. Therefore, upon the resignation of the second vice president, secretary, treasurer, reporter, historian, and parliamentarian, the club would name the replacement. A letter of resignation and the name of the replacement should be forwarded to the president.
27. To replace the second vice president when the second vice president has filled the vacancy of the first vice president, the Nominating Committee will solicit candidates from clubs not having an officer, keeping in mind all of the regulations concerning officers. The candidates will be advertised to all clubs for approval. A ballot will be mailed and a report given at the next executive board meeting or in the next newsletter, whichever is first.
28. To replace an officer if the school is no longer a member, the Nominating Committee will solicit candidates from clubs not having an officer, keeping in mind all of the regulations concerning officers. The candidates will be advertised to all clubs for approval. A ballot will be mailed and a report given at the next executive board meeting or in the next newsletter, whichever is first.
29. In the event there is no candidate for an officer/no officer elected at the convention, the Nominating Committee will solicit candidates from clubs not having an officer, keeping in mind all of the regulations concerning officers. The candidates will be advertised to all clubs for approval. A ballot will be mailed and a report given at the next executive board meeting or in the next newsletter, whichever comes first.
30. The executive board may extend voting privileges to committee chairman who attend board meetings.
31. New member clubs are not to be charged the 50 cents delinquent fee when applying for membership after November 1st.
32. These standing rules may be changed by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any meeting, providing notice has been given in the call for the meeting, in order that delegates may be instructed on voting by local clubs, to thus represent the entire membership.


Failbetter Games founder Alexis Kennedy has officially revealed that he's working on a questline for an upcoming Dragon Age game. The writer, who is responsible for the Fallen London series and Sunless Sea, is working for BioWare remotely from the UK, penning a bit of lore for something very specific.
One day a new Dragon Age will appear in our list of upcoming PC games.
Kennedy revealed the news in an interview with Eurogamer, where he spoke vaguely about his freelance role.
With Kennedy being known for Lovecraftian weirdness, my bet would be on him covering a section of the game where the player visits the Fade – Dragon Age's demon dimension where normal world rules no longer apply. It fits the bill as a well-segregated section of the game world, too.
Again, you spent some time in the fade in Dragon Age games before, but it's never been a huge focus and we never really dug down to its heart.
Kennedy says he's about halfway through his work and the game will continue being developed once he's gone, so it's probably still a way off.


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Ugandan media coverage of the 2021 elections – October–November 2020
by ACME team December 23, 2020 April 19, 2021 Leave a CommentUgandan media coverage of the 2021 elections – October–November 2020ACME publications, ACME research and publications, Media Monitoring, New
This report from the African Centre for Media Excellence (ACME) looks at Ugandan news media coverage of the 2021 elections, focusing on five key publications, six television stations, and 35 radio stations. It explores the attention these newspapers and a news magazine, television and radio stations paid the election-related news and issues in October and November 2020 and the nature of their coverage.
Relying mainly on quantitative content analysis, the report explores the volume of coverage of election-related news and issues by these selected media houses, the types of elections covered, the types of articles published (news, analysis, opinion, features, etc.), the reporting formats employed, the topics covered, and the tone of coverage. The analysis also covers the voices in the coverage, including the occupation and gender of sources.
The report also pays particular attention to the coverage of the 11 presidential candidates, focusing on who appeared on the front pages of the newspapers, the volume of coverage on each of them, how much space or time was dedicated to each candidate across the three media platforms monitored, and the tone of coverage of the contenders.
The key takeaways of the report include:
Slightly more equitable coverage of the 'leading' presidential candidates than in the last elections. In November, a number of 'minor' candidates also attracted some decent coverage. It is likely, however, that the attention paid to the 'leading' opposition candidates has been driven in part by the incessant police and military attacks especially on opposition candidates and their supporters.
Even where the drama and violence have been the focus of media attention, often the reporting has been devoid of the background and context necessary to explain what is actually happening and why.
A lot of the reporting has remained heavily event-driven rather than issue-based. Although the major parties launched manifestos at the beginning of the campaigns, many a reader, viewer or listener will be hard-pressed to recall the position of many candidates on key issues.
Radio, which is the source of information for 80 percent of Ugandans, continues to offer the least amount of time to election news. Although some radio stations stand out for their comprehensive political reporting, a vast majority continue to make do with short reports mostly about events organised by political parties, the Electoral Commission, local leaders, and police.
The challenge of insufficient interrogation of candidate and party claims persists. A vast majority of the media reports where claims and promises were made did not contain any serious scrutiny from the journalists.
The marginalisation of women in media representations continues to show in the ongoing election coverage. The numbers from the October and November coverage suggest that the use of female sources has stagnated in the low 20's.
The national broadcaster, UBC, has spread around its coverage to opposition candidates. Kyagulanyi and, especially, Amuriat have received some significant coverage, even if the incumbent has dominated both in terms of frequency of stories and the amount of time dedicated to his campaign.
Download the full report below.
Ugandan media coverage of the 2021 elections (December 2020)
Issues journalists must pay attention to on election day
Key things to note when reporting results
Reflections on Ugandan press coverage of Covid-19
#UGDecides2021
ACME research
Uganda National Journalism Awards 2021 open for entries
STATEMENT – Attacks on independent media and civic space must stop


In New Orleans, community is a vital part of identity. Now Copeland's of New Orleans brings that community pride to Atlanta. We love to give back to organizations close to the hearts of our founders, owners, and employees. For this reason, we partner with different groups all over the Metro area to bring that Big Easy sense of community to our home turf.


The South by Southwest (SXSW) Conferences & Festivals offer the unique convergence of original music, independent films, and emerging technologies. Fostering creative and professional growth alike, SXSW is the premier destination for discovery.
Networking for 10 days (or even 5) can easily overwhelm even the most advanced conference-goer. What does X company do? Who did I meet last night that I wanted to follow up with? What was the restaurant I wanted to try in Memphis? Which after party did I end up at the other night?


The perfect gift from the Kahala Resort.The Kahala Hotel & Resort Gift Cards are an excellent way of saying 'Happy Birthday,' 'Happy Holidays,' 'Congratulations' or just 'Mahalo'.
View our resort special events throughout the year. Daily events include: Introduction to Surfing, Introduction to SUP, Afternoon Tea at THE VERANDA, and more.


I painted this China Cabinet for a customer using Annie Sloan Chalk Paint in 5 colors. The base coat is French Linen and layers of Scandinavian Pink, Provence, Louis Blue, and Old White were applied. Sanding in areas to show different colors, this piece is a show stopper!


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Vox in excelso is the name of a bull issued by Pope Clement V in 1312. The directives given within the bull were to formally dissolve the Order of the Knights Templar, effectively removing papal support for them and revoking the mandates given to them by previous popes in the 12th and 13th centuries.

The issue of this bull followed a five-year period of suppression and trials of the Templars during which time they were accused of a variety of blasphemous and heretical crimes. However, the confessions were extracted with the use of torture and other methods developed by the Inquisition.

Other bulls involving Templars include Pastoralis Praeeminentiae and Ad providam.

See also
 List of papal bulls

References

Knights Templar
1312 works
14th-century papal bulls
Documents of Pope Clement V


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HP says it has received a 'proposal' from Xerox
Posted: Nov 6, 2019 / 05:00 PM CST / Updated: Nov 6, 2019 / 07:25 PM CST
FILE – In this May 24, 2016, file photo, Hewlett-Packard products are on display at a store in North Andover, Mass. Computer and printer maker HP Inc. said Wednesday, Nov. 6, 2019, that it has received a "proposal" from copier maker Xerox and has had conversations "from time to time" with the company about a potential business combination. (AP Photo/Elise Amendola, File)
NEW YORK (AP) — Computer and printer maker HP Inc. said Wednesday it had received a "proposal" from copier maker Xerox and has had conversations "from time to time" with the company about a potential business combination.
HP said Wednesday that it received the proposal on Tuesday but did not provide details. It said it will do what is in the best interests of its shareholders.
Asked for details of the proposal, a Xerox spokeswoman said the company does not comment on "rumors and speculation."
The Wall Street Journal on Tuesday reported that Xerox was considering making a bid for HP.
Both companies have faced difficulties as the demand for printed documents and ink have waned. They have both been trying to cut costs to boost results.
McDonald's wraps up tumultuous year on a strong note
by DEE-ANN DURBIN, Associated Press / Jan 29, 2020
McDonald's ended 2019 on a high note despite internal turmoil at the company, which pushed out its CEO in November.
The burger giant said its fourth quarter net income rose 11% to $1.6 billion, or $2.08 per share. Excluding one-time items like tax benefits, the company earned $1.97 per share. That beat Wall Street's forecast of $1.96, according to FactSet.
KHARTOUM, Sudan (AP) — Sudan hopes to cut fuel subsidies over the course of 18 months, starting as early as March, and replace them with direct cash payments to the poor, the country's finance minister said, laying out a timetable for sweeping economic reforms sought by international lenders.


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'Green Room,' Starring Patrick Stewart, Acquired by A24
Karen Earnest August 22nd, 2015 - 7:42 PM
Writer-director Jeremy Saulnier's ultra-violent American crime thriller Green Room, which premiered at this year's Cannes Film Festival, has been picked up for U.S. distribution rights by A24 Films, a relatively new American film distribution company which was behind the U.S. theatrical release of recent movies such as Ex Machina, The Spectacular Now, and Spring Breakers. Saulnier previously wrote and directed the acclaimed thriller Blue Ruin.
The film revolves around a group of young punk rockers who find themselves trapped by a neo-Nazi group, lead by a villainous Patrick Stewart (X-Men), after witnessing a murder. The film also stars Anton Yelchin (Star Trek, Star Trek Into Darkness), Imogen Poots (She's Funny That Way), Alia Shawkat (Nasty Baby) and Mark Webber (Scott Pilgrim vs. the World).
Green Room was produced by Broad Green in partnership with Film Science. This film premiered in the Directors Fortnight sidebar the 2015 Cannes Film Festival where it earned mostly favorable reviews. Next, the film will make its North American premiere next month at the Toronto Film Festival as a part of the Midnight Madness sidebar. The intention is for A24 to put the film out in theaters in the spring of 2016.
Alia Shawkat
Film Science
Jeremy Saulnier
Karen Earnest
Follow @mxdwnmovies
mxdwnmovies


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Early-morning Claremont crash results in DUI arrest
A Claremont woman was arrested for DUI early Wednesday morning after causing a dramatic crash and trying to flee the scene.
Brianna Ryan, 30, was driving a silver Volkswagen at high speeds down Mountain Avenue around 1:30 a.m. The bottom of her car hit a concrete gutter in the intersection at Bonita, according to Lt. Mike Ciszek of the Claremont Police Department.
"Basically, she bottomed out," Lt. Ciszek said
This caused her to collide with a parked Toyota truck, her car getting wedged underneath it. The crash set off a chain reaction, with the parked truck hitting a Chevrolet SUV, which then hit two other cars.
Ms. Ryan was apprehended after fleeing into an alleyway south of where the crash happened near the intersection of Mountain and Bonita Avenues, according to Lt. Ciszek.
Residents nearby were awoken by the sound of the crash.
"I heard the collision, a female voice yelling 'ow' and then when I looked out my window I saw her [the driver] running towards the dead end and she made a right into the senior apartments," resident Ronald Scott said.
When police arrived, Mr. Scott pointed the direction the driver had run and they found her almost immediately.
Ms. Ryan was found to be under the influence of alcohol, and was arrested for DUI and hit & run and transported to CPD jail.


The scholarship provides opportunities for people from developing countries, particularly those countries located in the Indo-Pacific region, to undertake full time undergraduate or postgraduate study at participating Australian universities and Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institutions.
The scholarship benefits include: full tuition fees, return air travel, establishment allowance of AUD$5,000, contribution to living expenses (CLE), Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC), etc.
For details on how to apply, including deadlines by countries CLICK HERE.
Due to a $20M funding by the Australian government, universities sponsor over 300 International Postgraduate Research Scholarships (IPRS). This enables international students to undertake a postgraduate research qualification in Australia and gain experience with leading Australian researchers.
Scholarships are available for a period of two years for a research master's degree or three years for a research doctorate degree. It is opened to international students of all countries except New Zealand.
The scholarship covers tuition fees and health costs for students and their dependents.
For Murdoch University, the application deadline is September 30, 2017. For more information CLICK HERE.
The Australia Awards–Endeavour Scholarships and Fellowships are the Australian Government's competitive, merit-based scholarships and fellowships providing full financial support for international students. This allows them to undertake a postgraduate program at a Masters or PhD level either by coursework or research work in any field of study in Australia.
The scholarship includes: full tuition, travel allowance of $3,000 (provision to pay up to $4,500 under special circumstances), establishment allowance of $2,000 (fellowships) or $4,000 (scholarships), monthly stipend of $3,000 (paid up to the maximum category duration on a pro-rata basis), health insurance for the full category duration (OSHC for international recipients), etc.
For more information including deadlines CLICK HERE.
Macquarie University's International Scholarship provides a partial tuition fee scholarship for outstanding students to study an undergraduate or postgraduate degree. The scholarship amount varies up to AUD$10,000. For details and deadline CLICK HERE.
The La Trobe's Academic Excellence Scholarships (AES) are targeted towards high achieving international students from all countries across all of La Trobe's undergraduate and postgraduate coursework programs. The scholarship is worth between $10,000 and $20,000 and goes towards tuition fees. For details on how to apply and deadline, CLICK HERE.
Monash University International Merit Scholarships is for outstanding international students who wish to pursue an undergraduate or postgraduate degree at Monash University. The scholarship is valued at up to $50,000 for a full time study load, for a 5-year degree. To apply, CLICK HERE.
The University of Adelaide offers what is called the Adelaide Scholarships International (ASI) to attract high quality international postgraduate students to areas of research. The scholarships includes course tuition fees, annual living allowance, and health insurance. The next deadline for 2018 is August 31, 2017. For more information and how to apply, CLICK HERE.
The University of Sydney has a list of scholarships for international students to undertake a Postgraduate Research Degree or Master's by Research program. The scholarships cover tuition fees and living allowance for up to three years with a possibility of one semester's extension for PhD students. For the list of their post graduate scholarships and how to apply, CLICK HERE.
The University of Melbourne offers two distict Graduate Research Scholarships: Melbourne Research Scholarships (MRS) and the Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarships. These scholarships are available to high achieving international students undertaking a Master by research degree or Doctoral degree. Over 300 of these scholarships are awarded per year. For details on how to apply and deadline, CLICK HERE.
Flinders International Postgraduate Research Scholarships (FIPRS) are awarded to qualified applicants to pursue a full-time research higher degree at Flinders University. It is awarded for up to two years for a Research Masters degree and up to three years for a Research Doctorate degree. The scholarship covers the international student tuition fees, living allowance, establishment allowance, relocation costs and airfares. To apply, CLICK HERE.
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The blog article very surprised to me! Your writing is good. In this I learned a lot! Thank you for the information about education i like it and also i want to ask QandA about my further study !!


Hi I'm Gerrard. I am a gifted Tarot reader and psychic. I have spent many years honing my craft and am a non-judgemental open minded person who can bring comfort to anyone for whom I read.
I specialise in readings around love and relationships, as well as career and spiritual guidance.
I look forward to bringing clarity and support in whatever direction your life is taking.
A dedicated father living with wife Ruth and two cats.
An experienced Tarot reader, I was drawn to the Tarot from an early age having watched my grandmother, a powerful psychic, who saw my intuitive nature and taught me how to use the Tarot.
My specialties include love and relationships, to career and spiritual guidance.
I have conducted many successful readings with clients thanking me for providing illumination in their lives. Many have thanked me for helping them save their marriages or bring their families closer together.
I derive great pleasure from helping give comfort and guidance to those struggling with any worries or concerns.
From an early age, I was drawn to the cards as I watched my grandmother, a Scottish psychic, reading for friends and neighbours. Sensing my intuitive nature, she blessed me with the knowledge of the Tarot and taught me to read. I developed my skills over years of spiritual study, honing my craft and my psychic skills.


Get Tarot Reading with Tarot Reader Maaz. Pin number 346162. Over 21 years experience. With a Direct style, you can get your answers to love, career, finances and more. Maaz speaks Luxembourgish. Originally from Luxembourg.