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Best VST Plugins
We can help you choose the best plugins for your creative digital audio needs.
This is the most comprehensive guide to the Best VST plugins online.
In this 101 guide you will get acquainted with different types of vst plugins:
...and if you want to know which plugins are solid workhorses, you can click the links in the description.
Whether you are into composing or mixing, plugins deliver convenience like:
Emulate Analog Hardware
Customize rich, incredible sound right inside the DAW
Cost-effective (free to moderately-priced and expensive option)
Their convenience, accessibility, and relative affordability explain the continued preference by amateurs and professionals alike.
If you are tired of searching around for useful quality plugins, this is worth your time. Let's dive in.
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Effect Plugins • Virtual Instruments
Effect VST Plugins
Also referred simply as VSTfx, effect plugins function as popular studio effects units. They are utilized to process audio signals to more desirable forms. Unlike VST instruments, they do not produce audio internally; instead, they transform and adjust any incoming sounds. For instance, you could use effect VST plugins to streamline frequencies in vocals or even optimize the pitch of a track and so on. What's more? For every audio effect hardware, there is a matching VST alternative. So effect VST plugins work just like typical hardware audio processors such as reverbs, delays, and EQ. Again, they can be used in real-time (though not always) to change how audio sounds are heard or generated periodically to give specifically fancied results. That said, let's take another step further and look at the various effect VST Plugins.
EQ VST Plugins
EQ VST plugins are digital controls that give users the power to adjust the frequency of audio signals. You can employ them, cut or shape incoming sounds in a linear fashion to suit your project demands. In reality, there are different types of EQ plugins. As such, their use and effectiveness varies depending on equalizing requirements at hand. All the same, it takes simple adjustments to customize and shape sounds to your exact needs. EQ plugins have multiple filters, including high and low pass filters which boosts or cuts off higher and lower frequencies beyond set limits. In a nutshell, they offer the power to help you cut out or make frequencies softer or louder much to your satisfaction. Check out the best EQ plugins
Compressor VST Plugins
Just like their name suggests, VST compressor plugins are tools used to react to audio signals by condensing or decreasing the difference between loud and quiet sounds. Unlike EQ, the effects are non-linear and acts by reducing the range of incoming sounds dynamically. When it comes to how they are used, that depends on programming considering there are various types available. As a standard, usually compressor plugins have six adjustment controls, namely threshold, ratio, attack, release, knee, and makeup gain. Each determines a particular aspect of sound signals compression. Among other things they take care of the loudness, how much sound, and how long it takes to start or stop compressing after detecting volume peaks above or below set limits. Application of compressor plugins translates to boosting of quieter parts of sound and attenuation of louder ones. You could use them to lower the measure of loud peaks or evening out notes that stand out in a mix. This makes it possible to gain and enjoy sound with more punch near effortlessly. Check out the best Compressor plugins
Reverb VST Plugins
Reverb VST plugins are digital tools used to create reflections or mimic the space where an instrument plays. You may be wondering how this works. Well, the plugins compute ideal delay, level, and response frequency and algorithmically generate echoes, ideally simulating certain natural settings. Here is more, standard reverb VST plugins have reverb time, pre-delay, size, shape, and dry/cum controls. They are applied to determine the timeline of ambience, period before you hear initial reflections, size, outline of mimicked space, and whether or not you get to hear the audio signal with ambiance respectively. In real applications, you can use reverbs to sustain a sound, shape or create a mood of an instrument. Depending on the specific digital reverb plugin at your disposal, you can also utilize them to give fullness and depth, not to mention smoothening out hiccups on sounds. Check out the best Reverb plugins
Delay VST Plugins
Delays are VST effect plugins that records audio signal and replays the same after a set period of time until it fades out. The plugins offers multiple possibilities and can therefore be applied in different ways to get certain effects on sounds. In most circumstances they form the foundation for other effects. Every delay plugin will typically have dry/wet, delay time and feedback controls. The dry/wet dictate whether you will hear the original audio signal with repetitions or repetitions only. Similarly, delay time control provides for determination of timelines between replays while feedback regulates how long repetitions will keep going on. You can use delay VST plugins to get sounds such as echoes that slacks off overtime or in achieving repeated effects that add extra layers to a recording. Check out the best Delay plugins
Filter VST Plugins
Filters are VST effect plugins that helps tune frequencies over or below pre-determined limit otherwise known as cutoff frequency. In some way they work like EQ's only that they have multiple bands to operate on. Coupled with other parameters and settings, filter plugins can help you change the harmonics of sound to achieve certain creative effects. There are three popular kinds of filters differentiated by their shape and slope. A high-pass filter (HPF) allows frequencies exceeding the cutoff while disabling those below. A Low-pass filter (LPF) does the exact opposite while band-pass filters (BPF) accept frequencies in the required band and attenuates the rest that falls either above or below. What's more? Most VST filter plugins feature a resonance control which emphasizes the frequency band around the cutoff. And as far as their use is concerned, VST filter plugins meets their match either for creative or corrective needs. You could use them to create exciting build-ups and transitions besides shaping tones of your sounds. Check out the best Filter plugins
Distortion VST Plugins
These are digital tools that are used primarily to simulate the non-linear reaction of analog components. When applied they can intensify audio and help achieve higher harmonics thereby producing a fine analog feeling. These days unlike in the past distortion plugins offer many parameters considering there are several categories including multi-band, phase, bit-crushers, dynamic distortions and more. In reality, saturation and distortion plugins can be used to boost attitude and edge in mixes, warm up bare audio tracks or even adding touches of grit vocals or tracks. Check out the best Distortion plugins
Autotune VST Plugins
Now, rarely will you have a perfect vocal performance or recording. In most cases, a vocalist/singer will miss a note here and there. Sometimes the pitch may also waver, hence delivery of audio with slight inconsistencies. Wondering how to deal with such imperfections? Well, autotune plugins save the day through vocal processing. Ideally, autotune works just like an editor that corrects mistakes giving rise to a flawless copy. In other words, autotune plugins are software devices for pitch correction. In use, autotune measures and alters vocal or instrument recordings and performances and automatically fixes off-key pitches as necessary. So if you need to fix, tweak, and polish vocals whether during live performance or in-studio recording, autotune is your go-to tool. The best part is- autotune plugins achieve that without compromising the natural feel of sound. Check out the best Autotune plugins
Vocoder VST Plugins
Talking of vocal processing VST effects, vocoder plugins are some of the most intriguing effects you can ever use. For starters, a vocoder is simply a virtual tool designed to synthesize vocal recordings and performances. A classic example of vocoders in action is robotic sounding vocals. Of course, beyond treating vocals with a robotic touch, there are other areas of application. For instance, you can use a vocoder to add vowels to bass patches or even include wordy textures to an audio piece. So generally, if you want to make dull vocals lively, a vocoder should be your go-to tool. Check out the best Vocoder plugins
Mastering VST Plugins
Looking to get the best of your overall sound? You can be far from this reality with mastering plugins. To be clear, mastering plugins are virtual tools for polishing the various sonic elements of audio post-production. Usually, mastering is done as a final step to ensure each track in album is perfectly polished for a cohesive whole. For one thing! Even after audio production is complete, not everything will be right on point. Mastering VST plugins can be used to apply or alter different processors such as EQ, Compressors, Stereo enhancers, faders, or even adjust volumes for consistency. Check out the best Mastering plugins
Waves VST Plugins
Until now, Waves range of plugins remains one of the comprehensive sources of pro-grade audio processing tools. Talk of EQs, compressors, reverbs, delays, effects, and more, the collection has plugins to shape music in every way. Although the bulk of the plugins are emulations of some of the most revered hardware, new simulation technologies make it possible to deliver almost similar authenticity. In short, Waves VST plugins are available for use for almost any aspect of audio production. Whether its dynamics processing, adding analog-like effects, or even enhancing sonic elements, Waves has something for the job. Check out the best Waves plugins
Also known as VSTi's, these are virtual tools that mimic actual musical instruments both in appearance and sonic capabilities. Instead of physical knobs and switches they are operated via a graphical user interface that displays various controls or via the DAW. Unlike effects, they produce sound on their own either through pre-recorded sounds or algorithmic. VST instrument plugins are available in various kinds with each emulating matching sounds of live instruments with precision. So what does all this mean? By design Virtual Instruments allow users to enjoy the convenience of using virtual replicas conventional hardware that would otherwise be out of reach. Want to know more about various Virtual Instruments? Read on.
Drum VST Plugins
Simply put, these are software versions of typical hardware machines. You can think of them as alternative virtual solutions that deliver almost similar authentic sounds as actual drums. At the moment there are countless VST drum plugins, however most models can be categorized in two main groups. First, there those that mimic a particular hardware plus some features to help flex around the tones. Then there are others that feature the original concepts and further innovations that provides for the generation of new sounds. While the chances of producing the exact same sounds as the original analog drum machines may not be 100 percent, it's close enough that it's hard to tell the difference. So instead of getting real professional drummer or machines you can use these in your DAW and still get desired results. Check out the best Drum plugins
Bass VST Plugins
Just like any other VST plugins, these are virtual tools that deliver sound variations by emulating analog machines. Today, there are so many bass VST plugins in the market optimized to produce all kinds of low-end variations with plenty customization options. For example, there are multi-sampled instruments plugins, futuristic bass solutions, synth basses and more. Most of these base VST plugins feature incredible libraries of sounds hence quite versatile. And there is more. Depending on the model you will also have plenty effect parameters and modulations which grants you the power to boost the energy in their audio. Check out the best Bass plugins
Synth VST Plugins
As the name suggests, synth-based VST plugins are software tools that use varying digital waveforms to reproduce sound of typical classic hardware synth instruments. They achieve intended results by manipulating and blending basic qualities of existing sounds to actualize something fresh. Ideally, they employ common waveform synthesis techniques to generate the new sounds without relying on other tools. Synth plugins imitate different sound sources including conventional musical instruments such as piano or even natural sounds from the environment. Ideally, they can generate several types of sound independently. It means, you could use this kind of instrument VST plugins conceive new and unique sounds for all your musical needs. Check out the best Synth plugins
Piano VST Plugins
These are simply softwares that emulate real piano. There are two main types of piano VST plugins. For one, there are the sample based models that feature pre-recorded sounds from real piano. All the variations of each key is sampled from the real instrument and recorded by the manufacturer. In this case you will need a computer and a MIDI keyboard controller to if you want to simulate the piano in question. Other plugins are modeled meaning they utilize algorithm or code that produce sounds that are as close as the acoustic piano it mimics. Depending on your production style, you can always choose from the seemingly endless list of options. VST piano plugins can function as a standalone program or alternatively can be hosted on a DAW. With these you can customize sounds to suit your creative requirements without having to rely on a real device. Check out the best Piano plugins
Guitar VST Plugins
As hinted by the name, these are virtual audio plugins that simulates traditional guitars via digital signal processing. Guitar VST plugins recreates renditions from traditional and modern classics to give rich sounds either via a DAW or standalone VST hosting software. There are various types of guitar plugins with varying control features and customization parameters. So how you can utilize them to meet an end is actually limited by your creative edge. All the same, their innovative techniques allow music producers and sound engineers to reproduce lively and close to natural sounds thanks to their well-resourced libraries. In essence, they allow users to enjoy legendary rigs without having the actual traditional gear. Check out the best Guitar plugins
String VST Plugins
These function like stringed musical instruments such as guitars or violins that generate sound from string vibrations only that they are virtual. String VST plugins allows users to enjoy extended options of sonic possibilities from imitations of realistic sound sources. The various forms of reproduced emulations are mostly based in different landscapes with added uniqueness in tonal controls and variations. All this is made possible thanks to reliable processors and parameters that allow advanced functionalities that may not be possible with hardware alone. With string VST plugins, you can benefit from enhanced options of sampled recreations of stringed instrument sounds for a complete range of productive and creative requirements. Check out the best String plugins
Orchestral VST Plugins
Perhaps these are the most unique VST plugins you could ever come across. Orchestral plugins can be defined as software tools that simulates of a collection of instruments characteristic of classical music. A typical mimicked ensemble blends different but collective output of musical instruments and ambience to produce sounds like in a real orchestra performance. Usually popular instrument combo includes brass, percussions, strings, and woodwinds sections. Orchestral VST plugins come in sampled libraries with reproduced sound that delivers powerful punches of both emotions and realism that can be applied to give music a touch of elegance. Though these plugins appears to simulate close to an extra-ordinary blend each instrument section comes with customizable articulations among other functionalities. The beauty of this is that you can get exact recreations of combined instruments that work for your project with investing on so many things. Check out the best Orchestral plugins
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Wrestling Heritage members have often discussed just what it took to become a star professional wrestler with fitness, courage, charisma, colour, hard work and that undefinable ability to capture the public's imagination being the qualities most often mentioned.
A champion required more. He needed skill and robustness to protect the integrity of the sport with credibility as a champion and the ability to defend the belt against opportunistic upstarts should the need arise. Jack Dempsey, Ernie Riley, Billy Joyce, George Kidd, Billy Robinson, Mike Marino and the other champions were all credible bearers who could genuinely defend ownership of the belt whenever required, a safe pair of hands in whom promoters could rely totally..
Jim Breaks combined the qualities of a champion with more charisma and colour than the aforementioned names. Put simply he was a champion that fans loved to watch. No one could ever say Jim Breaks was dour or unexciting.
Why do we introduce the significance of belts after all this time?
Simply because Jim Breaks most likely took part in more championship contests than any other wrestler. Okay, we haven't counted them up. But as a very active British lightweight champion, British welterweight champion, European lightweight champion and world lightweight champion we reckon Jim has a pretty good claim.
Even as fans booed, jeered and mocked him everyone knew that they just loved Jim Breaks. No doubt Jim knew it too. Not far behind the sham tears, the pointing finger and exaggerated tantrums surely we could detect the wry smile of a man who knew he was doing his job well?
An understatement, because Jimmy Breaks did his job exceedingly well. First and foremost he was an outstanding wrestler, a Yorkshire amateur champion, British championship runner-up and student of the great Bernard Murray. To that technical skill he added a unique persona of a man who was so hard done by that he was driven to protestations, tantrums and tears. The preliminaries would include an ooze of arrogance, a verbal assault on selected members of the audience, ?What are you doing on bonfire night?? and censure of the Master of Ceremonies, ?I'm champion and should be introduced first?? or ?You should call me Mr Jim Breaks.?
As Jim remonstrated in response to his fanciful grievances the fans were only too willing to play their part by jeering his over-the-top antics and throwing babies' dummies into the ring. With the inevitable chants of ?cry baby? Breaks' tantrum would become even more emphasised before the inevitable demonstration of wrestling ability and declaration as winner yet again.
It was a persona that proved both effective and believable. It was Jim's wrestling ability that made the complaints and mock tantrums credible; he could carry it off without any negative impact on his reputation because we all knew that Jim was most likely the better of the two men in the ring. His repertoire of wrestling manoeuvres was second to none. There was the much anticipated finishing move of the Jim Breaks Special, in which he would squeeze every moment of drama as he distorted his opponents wrist and elbow before lifting him into the air. The extraction of a submission was never in doubt.
Chris Newman remembers, ?Breaks could play the nasty man, blind side, the lot, to great effect and was capable of not only wrestling very well but with reality suspended, making you hope he would take a licking or lose maybe a narrow verdict, to give him something to moan about.?
Powerlock also recalls Jim Breaks, ?Love him or hate him, Jim was a master when it came to working a crowd, I watched him countless times live and on TV and he always had the crowd baying for his blood."
We agree with their assessments and would go further.
We would place Jimmy Breaks in a calibre higher than George Kidd, Mick McManus and Jackie Pallo. How can we make such an outlandish claim? All will be made clear later. Let's begin at the beginning.
Jim's wrestling credentials began at the Windmill Club in Bradford alongside another famous British champion, Eric Sands. We wonder if Jim imagined wearing the belt that Eric had once worn, and add to that the European and World championships. At eighteen Jim was called up for National Service and served as a physical training instructor in the Duke of Wellington's Regiment. Following the army Jim returned to civilian life as a pin setter in a textile mill. For a while he considered re-joining the army but Bernard Murray suggested he go along for a chat with the local wrestling promoter, Norman Morrell. Morrell gave the twenty-one year old a trial, liked what he saw, and offered Jim a professional bout. It was December, 1958, and the man in the opposite corner, guiding him through that nervous debut, was his mentor Bernard Murray.
The weeks that followed were a challenging initiation? Alan Dennison, Jack Dempsey, Eric Sands, Mel Riss, John Foley, Keith Martinelli in the opposite corner ? little wonder Jim had moments of self doubt and considered quitting the business. Until one night it all seemed to go right, Jim's confidence was boosted and he was on his way. The first five years were under the guidance of Norman Morrell, with practically all Jim's bookings being under the Morrell-Beresford banner. January 1962 was the start of the big adventure, and a sign of things to come, with Jim booked by Dale Martin Promotions to make an appearance at the Royal Albert Hall against the Greek wrestler Vassilios Mantopolous. Jim lost the match by the odd fall, but in every other respect it must have given him a taste of things to come.
In 1963, bookings by all Joint Promotion members, televised matches against Julien Morice, Alan Dennison, Cliff Beaumont and Eric Cutler and a relentless apprenticeship against most of the top lighter men led to the biggest night of Jim's life, 16th October, 1963 and a return to the Royal Albert Hall. Mel Riss had been British lightweight champion for almost five years. A veteran of Riley's gym his defence against Jim Breaks was a match to be remembered for many years to come. Riss started as clear favourite but in a hold and counter-hold contest it was Jim Breaks that was crowned the new champion after eight rounds of wrestling. The wrestler described in The Wrestler magazine as ?a modest man,? went on to become a great champion and craft a persona that did not immediately bring modesty to mind.
From the outset it was clear that Jim's success was no flash in the pan. He was established as one of the top British lightweights, with only World champion George Kidd seemingly in a class above. Whilst some champions were criticised for their inactivity that criticism could never be made against Jim with Alan Dennison, Jim McKenzie, Mick McMichael Jon Cortez and Michael Bennett amongst those early challengers. The British championship was to remain in Jim's possession for four years, eventually losing it at the same hall, to Al Miquet on 15th February, 1967.
We could go on and on about Jim's championship success at length; it would make impressive rather than gripping reading. A British title belt wrapped around his waist on and off at least over the next twenty years. Add to that a European belt even more times until as late as 1990 and the world championship usually associated with Johnny Saint. We will mention one championship success, that being the 30th November, 1977, the venue the Royal Albert Hall where he had gained many successes. The difference on this occasion being that Jim re-gained the British welterweight title by beating Vic Faulkner and won the William Hill Trophy which was presented by His Royal Highness The Duke of Kent in a tournament that raised an estimated £10,000 towards the Queens Silver Jubilee Appeal.
Jim's multi championship success was at a time when the lightweight division was brimming with talent. Defeated champion Mel Riss remained on the scene and eventually faded away, but the mid 1960s onwards were a time when a multitude of lightweight talents were coming to a peak: London brothers Jon and Peter Cortez, Al Miquet, Jim McKenzie, Bill Ross, Adrian Street, Johnny Williams, Zoltan Boscik, Johnny Saint, George Kidd and a few years later Bobby Ryan, Steve Grey, Dynamite Kid and Jackie Robinson.
But as we've said so many times before wrestling success was not just about championship belts, though Jim Breaks did use them effectively to enhance his status. Ability, charisma, drawing power, value for money, entertainment. Jim Breaks had it all. To establish himself as the most successful champion of them all was the icing on the cake.
Jim Breaks contests were of the sort that had the fans talking on their journey home, and remembering them for literally years to come. Ex Wrestler Mike Agusta, "The best bout that I ever saw was between George Kidd and Jim Breaks maybe 62-63." and Anglo Italian, "Jim Breaks v Mick McManus at the Royal Albert Hall. They started wrestling, went hammer and tongs, ignored the ref, ignored the bells ending round one and two. And then I think they both got disqualified."
It wasn't just the fans that remember Jim Breaks. Master of Ceremonies Lee Bamber, ?I was announcing at a title bout in Milton Keynes and was holding the belt whilst making the introductions. 'You might as well give me that now son, that's mine' bawled Jimmy Breaks in that broad Yorkshire accent from the corner. 'There's a man on the other side of this ring who has very different ideas' I replied over the microphone..... 'I don't even know the second' - Jimmy shouted back instantly. It was hard to keep a straight face and not giggle. Jimmy was a genuinely quick witted & funny fellah who really knew the craft of putting over a wrestling match.?
It was that craft that made Jim Breaks so special. Everyone remembers his rivalry with Johnny Saint, and Johnny has told us that Jim was a great wrestler he could work with to produce fantastic matches. It was true whoever the opponent that Jim could be relied upon for an enjoyable contest; maybe he benefited from the lack of villains amongst the top lightweight and welterweights of that time.
It was a style appreciated by fans and promoters around the country; Jim Breaks was as likely to appear in Aberdeen, Bournemouth, Leicester or Barrow. Few worked so hard over so many years. Fans enjoyed the performance whilst promoters benefited from a dependable worker whose real life personality was very different from his ring persona.
We first met Jim in 1969 and interviewed him three or four times in the early 1970s. Arrogant in the ring, in real life nothing was further from the truth. He was always generous with his time and privately appreciative of his fellow workers. Jim was an unselfish worker who was self depreciating and generous with the opportunities he gave to others.
Which brings us to our assertion that Breaks edged above McManus, Pallo and Kidd. They had one huge advantage over Jim Breaks. Invincibility. McManus, Pallo, Kidd could not have survived had they lost regularly. Their ring persona depended upon them winning, making it easier for fans to acknowledge them as stars.
Jim Breaks built his success without such and advantage. He was a star without the protection of invincibility, which to our mind puts him in a class above Kidd, Pallo and McManus. Logic dictates that winning a championship dozens of times requires losing the championship just as many times. Witnessing his comeuppance just added to his unique character. Remaining at the very top for decades without invincibility is a greater achievement than those who were allowed the protection of invincibility.
Whilst his position in wrestling hierarchy was enhanced by championship status it was by no means dependent upon it. Whilst the belt was an important part of the Jim Breaks persona there was much more.
But by no means Just Champion.
Historyo and http://www.wrestling-titles.com/ we have attempted to record Jim Breaks championship matches in which the title changed hands.
Lost the BLT to Al Miquet.
Won the BLT, beat Al Miquet.
Lost the BLT to Zoltan Boscik.
Won the BLT, beat Johnny Saint.
Lost the BLT to Bobby Ryan.
Won the BLT, beat Bobby Ryan.
Lost the BLT to Steve Grey.
Won the BLT, beat Steve Grey.
Won the ELT, beat Modesto Alfredo .
Won the ELT, beat Michael Bennett in tournament final ..
Lost the ELT to Bill Ross.
Won the ELT, beat Bill Ross.
Lost the ELT to Bobby Ryan.
Won the ELT, beat Bobby Ryan .
Won the ELT, beat Bobby Ryan.
Won the ELT, beat Jon Cortez.
Lost the ELT to Steve Grey.
Won the ELT, beat Jackie Robinson .
Lost the ELT to Jon Cortez .
Lost the ELT to Peter Bainbridge .
Lost the ELT to Peter Bainbridge.
Won the ELT, beat Peter Bainbridge .
Lost the ELT to Kid McCoy.
Won the ELT, beat Kid McCoy.
Lost to Johnny Saint in final eliminator for WLT.
Won WLT, beat Johnny Saint .
Won WLT, beat Johnny Saint.
Lost WLT, to Johnny Saint.
Won BWT, beat Alan Sargeant.
Won BWT, beat Vic Faulkner .
Lost BWT to Vic Faulkner.
Won BWT, beat Vic Faulkner.
Lost BWT to Dynamite Kid.
Won BWT, beat Steve Grey.
Lost BWT to Alan Dennison.
Lost BWT to Steve Grey.
Won BWT, beat Alan Dennison.
Lost BWT to Danny Collins.


Soon after they give birth, new mothers start looking into ways to get rid of the after pregnancy belly and lose the pounds they have gained during pregnancy.
While exercising may come into their minds, most new mothers tend to put it off as they are still fatigued from the birth process.
Nevertheless, psychologists and fitness experts usually recommend mothers to follow a few simple workout tips right after they give birth and start extending it slowly until they burn the extra pounds of weight they have gained.
In this article, some of these workout tips are presented to help you get rid of the after pregnancy belly.
Workout tips for new moms.
The most safe and sure way to get rid of your after pregnancy belly is to exercise. But because you recently gave birth, working out is a bit tricky.
While most mothers tend to be low on energy after they give birth, it is essential that they carry out small movements to initiate the fat burning process in their bodies.
Even if it is a short 10-minute walk, it is a good start which can be extended day-by-day as long as the mother does not feel pain or has any severe symptoms.
After the 6th week after birth, the mother should be able to do between 20 and 30 minutes of simple cardio exercises, as frequently as thrice a week.
Walking is, in fact, found to be the most suitable workout for new mothers as it is simple and can be easily incorporated into the daily routine.
For example, instead of going to the grocery store by car, a new mother can take that as a chance to walk and exercise her body.
Of course, the mother needs to consult with her doctor before pursuing any exercise routine.
However, she should not give up to prolonged laziness or relaxation and should try to introduce exercise into her daily routine.
After a couple of months of the baby's birth, the mother can start talking the baby with her for walks by pushing him/her in his stroller.
The Surgeon General states that if a mother is able to push the baby stroller a distance of 1-2 miles in 30 minutes, she is expected to burn around 150 calories, which is a good exercise if pursued daily.
Mothers who have been blessed with twin babies are even more likely to lose more calories as they push the double stroller holding their twin babies.
However, they need to be very careful about their choice of a double stroller. Certain double strollers are manufactured to be most suitable for jogging, in order to guarantee stability, durability, and comfort for the twin babies, while being easy to push and control by the parent.
One of the highly recommended strollers for this use is Schwinn double jogging stroller (2018 model) which is made with a single front wheel to ensure easy maneuvering and 5-point safety harness to ensure the children are safe in their seats.
It can hold up to 50 pounds of weight per seat which means that it is durable and would be suitable for the twin babies as they grow.
With a jogging stroller, the mother can guarantee to burn calories while not having to spend time away from her kids.
Weight lifting is generally known to be one of the best ways to lose weight and stay fit and healthy.
This particular exercise is especially easier for new mothers as they do not need to purchase any new dumbbells but can use their babies instead!
By lifting the baby slowly up and down a number of times, the mother can get an almost similar effect to a weightlifting exercise, without having to leave her baby while she lifts weights at the gym.
Nevertheless, it is of utmost importance that the mother consults all the movements with the pediatrician before proceeding with any training that involves her baby.
After all, it is the safety of the baby that comes first before any attempts at weight loss.
While extensive exercises may not be yet feasible for the mother for a few months after giving birth, simple workout tips can be followed to burn some calories and help get rid of the after pregnancy belly.
After all, the mother needs to be healthy and active to be able to keep up with the demands of her babies as they grow older.
Taking small steps at first can help the new mother to reduce their fatigue.
Once they become more comfortable, they can pick up their pace and start adding more intensity to their workout protocols, ultimately lifting some weights to speed up the reduction of the weight they gained during pregnancy.


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Court Case 1822, June 10 and 11.
JAMES STUART (accused)
SIR ALEXANDER BOSWELL (victim)
Before the High Court of Judiciary at Edinburgh, JAMES STUART, younger , of Dunearn, Fife, was charged with the murder of Sir Alexander Boswell of Auchinleck, Ayr, by engaging him in a duel at Balbarton, near Kirkcaldy, on the 26th March. Stuart was defended by Jeffrey, Moncrieff,and Cockburn, the greatest advocates then at the Scots Bar. On account of a scurrilous Whig song which had appeared in the "Sentinel," differences had arisen between the two parties, and it was therefore arranged to settle the dispute by means of a duel.
A sequestered hollow on Balbarton was chosen. It was not far distant from Sir Alexander's residence at Balmuto. The distance measured was twelve paces from station to station, and the opponents took up their positions and received the pistols from their seconds. The word of command was given, and the pistol shots rang out, with the result that Sir Alexander lay prostrate on the ground while Stuart was unhurt. Sir Alexander was removed to Balmuto, where he died a few hours later. Stuart fled to France, but at length returned and stood trial. In addition to the charge of murder it was also libelled that the prisoner conceived malice and illwill towards the deceased. Evidence was led and the Lord Advocate addressed the Jury.
Mr Jeffrey, in a powerful speech, said that it was not disputed that a duel had taken place, but that the provocation received was more than sufficient for fighting a duel. The law on the subject was carefully presented to the jury by the Lord Justice Clerk, who said that no man, whatever his grievance, had the right to engage another in a duel. The trend of his Lordship's remarks was, however, not favourable to the accused. The jury, without retiring, after a few minutes' consultation, gave their verdict viva voce by their Chancellor, Sir John Hope of Craighall, Bart., finding the prisoner not guilty.
The trial excited much interest among higher circles in Scotland. Stuart was accompanied in the dock by his relative, the Earl of Moray, Mr Erskine of Cardross, and a number of other gentlemen. Several persons of distinction sat on the Bench with the judges, including Lord Belhaven and Stenton and the Honourable Henry Fox.
A doggerel rhyme was current in Fife at that time:-
"For justice stood on Stuart's side,
Though he's awa' to France to bide;
And justice felled the Tory's pride,
That morning on Balbarton."
Prisoner not guilty
Broadside entitled 'The whole particulars of the Trial of Mr James Stuart
The whole Particulars of the Trial of Mr James
Stuart, before the High Court of Justiciary on
Monday the 10th June 1822, for being concerned
in the Fatal Duel on the 26th March last, when
Sir Alexander Boswell was mortally wounded, and
died the following day.
This day came on the trial of Mr James Stuart. indicted for shooting
Sir A. Boswell in a duel on the 26th of March 1822. Mr Stewart ap-
peared at the bar, attended by the Earl of Moray, Mr Erskine of Card-
ross, Lord Loughborough and a few more-friends. He plad not guilty.
Mr Cockburn made a most clear and able speech on the part of Mr
Stewart, in which he stated that upon a Saturday Mr Stewart was walk-
ing in the Parliament house, when he was addressed by person who
introduced himself as the private agent of Borthwick. He told Mr
Stewart that Borthwick was willing to give up the paragraphs against
Mr Stewart in order to screen himself. Mr Stewart went to Glasgow,
he did not know that Borthwick had no right to give up these papers.
If Mr Stuart had not accepted of that offer of ascertaining the author,
he would be again attacked as the mean fellow, &c. Mr Stuart had no
communication with Borthwick, he did not pay the debt for which he
was incarcerated. Mr Stuart discovered on gaining possession of the
papers, that Sir Alexander Boswell, a person whose talents he admired,
and who was distantly related to him; was the author of these libellons
paragraphs, Mr stuart made two propositions to Sir Alexander, one to
deny that he was the author of the song; he admitted of being the au-
thor, The other was that Sir Alexander should' say he was sorry for it,
that it was a squib, and would be friends. Sir Alexander's answer was,
I cannot submit to be catechised. A meeting took place, and both
parteis fired at the same time. Mr Stuart gave notice to the crown office
that whenever he was wanted he would deliver himself up.
A number of witness were examined, but the principal evidence was that the
Earl of Rosslyn, who had acted as second to Mr Stuart, and Hon. John Douglas,
second to sir Alex. Boswell.
Earl of Roslin.?I was acquainted with the late Sir A. Boswell, I was employed
in a message between them on the 25th of March last. I saw Sir Alexander on that
day, in consequence of a note which I had written to him, requesting permission to
see him; and I stated to him that I came at the desire of Mr Stuart . I also stated
to him that Mr Stuart had been in possession of several paper, some of which ap-
peared to be in Sir A. Boswell's hand ,writing and having been sent by the post,
bore the post-mark of Mauchline and of Glasgow ; That there papers were address-
ed to the editor of the Sentinel ; some of which were original, and printed in that
newspaper : That one of them, particularly A song, contained matter most injurous
to Mr Stuart's character, charging him with cowardice : That the similarity of
of hand-writing, together with the circumstance of the post mark, formed so strong
a presumption that these papers had been sent by Sir A. Boswell, that Mr Stuart
thought himself entitled to ask Sir Alexander whether he was the author of them :
I stated, at the same time, that if Sir Alexander could say that he was not the author
of those papers, such denial on his part would be conclusire against any evidence
The explanetion was particularly asked for the song. In two passages it contained
a direct imputation of cowardice. I examined these papers,….They were now pre-
sented to his Lordship, and he recognized them. I saw Mr Stuart, and proceeded
immediately to Mr Douglas, and stated that I was grieved to find that no alterna–
tive was left to Mr Stuart. Mr Brougham staled to me (at half past 8, at Dysart)
that Sir A. Boswell and Mr Stuart, had been bound over in the course of the night.
by the Sheriff of Edinburgh, to keep the pence within that county and city; and
that in consequence of that proceeding. it had been settled during the night, that
Sir Alexander and Mr Stuart should meet at Auchtertoul that morning, and desir-
ing me to meet Mr Stuart, which I did. I met Mr Douglas in the inside of the
coach, we had some conversation. We fixed upon a piece of ground, in a field by
the road side. Mr Stuart and Sir Alexander arrived in carriage, and got out at
the place appointed, (I believe 12 o'clock was the time.)…….Mr Douglas received
from me the measured powder for each, and the ball, and rammed them down.
There were but two pistols, of which Mr Douglas took one, and I took the other,
The ground was measured first, immediately after loading the pistols, at 12 very
long paces. The distance was intimated to the two parties by Mr Douglas, and by
me and it was agreed that they should fire sogether by our word. They both fired,
and Sir Alexander fell. Every possible assistance was afforded to Sir Alexander
by the medical attendants, and no time was lost in removing Sir Alexander to Bal
The examination of the Hon. John Douglas was nearly the same as the above.
Mr Jeffrey stated that the evidence for the defender was closed : and the Lord
Advocate in a short but distinct speech stated, that he had considered it to be his
bounden duty to bring this case to trial. Mr Jeffrey made a very long argumentative
speech ; he spoke for nearly three hours. The Lord Justice Clerk commenced his
Charge to the Jury at three o'clock?A more distinct, candid, and important charge,
we venture to assirm, has seldom been heard within the walls of a Criminal Court.
The Jury chose Sir John Hope, Bart, as their chancellor , and after consulting for
a few minutes in the Jury box, the chancellor delivered an unanimous verdict of
Not Guilty- The verdict was received with loud cheers from without the doors,
and with marked approbation from those within.
The trial lasted eighteen hours, and was not finished till near five this morning.
Pingback: "Over in the corner, shot two men frae Auchtertool" – Old Weird Scotland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Neural network working well on datasets near the training set, but poorly on farther datasets. Why? I've been using a siamese neural network for the binary classification of biological data.
Each entry of the datasets I'm using has a position coordinate.
My problem is that, even if my neural network is able to do excellent predictions on the datasets that are spatially near to the training set, it is not able to do the same on farther datasets.
I'm using an held-out (no k-fold cross validation) optimization approach: the algorithm reads an input dataset, and splits it into a training set containing the 80% of the input elements, and a validation set containing the remaining 20% of the input elements.
The algorithm trains the neural network by using the training set, and then applies the trained model on the held-out validation set. By doing this, the algorithm is able to get excellent prediction scores on the validation set (e.g. Matthews correlation coefficient >= 0.9).
On the contrary, the problem come up when I try to apply my trained siamese neural network to test sets that are NOT adjacent to the training set. In these cases, my prediction scores go very bad (MCC ~= +0.1).
I also attach this simple image to better explain my problem:

Can someone help me with this?
What should I do to solve this problem?
Thanks

A: You must have some autocorrelation in your data. In most cases, if one ignores correlation structure in the data (pseudolikelihood), the effect is that the estimated error in the data is too small. Suppose you considered the weather on two consecutive days, they are far more likely to be similar than the weather on two randomly selected days in the year.
Basically, you have done the test/training selection incorrectly. You must select at random from an entire sample and not contiguous rows. This is why simple random sampling is unbiased but convenience sampling is. Sampling contiguous rows of data, which are ordered in some sense, is effectively convenience sampling.
The graphic that you have used should be a scrambling of different colors for each of the training/test/validation sets.

A: Hypothesis 1: You have applied cross-validation incorrectly.
The information encoded in position is somehow related to the outcome. To ameliorate this, you could try not selecting your sets to be adjacent but instead a random partition. That might be enough to "average out" the effect of position.
Hypothesis 2: By ignoring the data in position, you're discarding information.
But even better would be to leverage the information encoded in position as a feature of the model in some way. I don't know what form that would take here because I don't understand what problem you're trying to solve, but if you're prediction weather on the basis of day of the year, you would want to incorporate the knowledge that yesterday's and tomorrow's temperatures are good predictors of today's. In the weather analogy, your model is getting good marks for predicting tomorrow as similar to today, but failing at predicting three months ahead.
Hypothesis 3: You actually want nested cross-validation.
You've only one hold-out set, which is an interval of position. Instead, you want an additional $k$ randomly-selected partitions of position as hold-outs. This is the natural extension of hypothesis 1 (folds should be composed as random samples of observations, not convenient samples) to the notion of why cross-validation is desirable (use each observation to score the model, not just some observations).

A: I think you have an issue with the way the position is encoded, as above, but my take on it is a little bit different, in that I think you have it encoded as an absolute distance to a reference point. If so your NN will work well only within the boundaries of the farthest point. To obviate this problem, one solution will be make the position relative, say to the center of the test set or something like that. Let me know if this helps with the issue.
P.S. if you think this was irrelevant to your question I will be glad to delete it .. was just hoping it would be helpful in solving your problem

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


• A love letter Romantic poet John Keats wrote to his beloved Fanny Brown will be returned to the house in which it was written. Keats wrote the letter in 1820 while living next door to her at Wentworth House in Hampstead, north London – his home from 1818 to 1820 and the setting that inspired some of his most memorable poetry including Ode to a Nightingale. The City of London Corporation, who manage the house – now a museum known as Keats House, recently purchased the letter with the support of the Heritage Lottery Fund for £80,000. They say it will now be returned to the house and displayed there. In the letter Keats wrote: "I shall Kiss your name and mine where your Lips have been – Lips! why should a poor prisoner as I am talk about such things." He said his consolation was "in the certainty of your affection". See www.keatshouse.cityoflondon.gov.uk.
• Amid the host of souvenirs and trinkets up for sale in the lead-up to the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton comes news of a unusual offering from Transport for London – a limited edition royal wedding Oyster card. The card, which will go on sale in the week leading up to the ceremony, features a portrait of the couple and their wedding date – 29th April, 2011. More than 750,000 of the cards will be offered for sale. The move is not without precedent – in 1981, a unique ticket was produced for the marriage of Prince Charles and Lady Diana.
• Squadron Leader Geoffrey Wellum, the youngest Spitfire pilot to take part in the Battle of Britain, was granted the Freedom of the City of London at a ceremony at Guildhall last week. Wellum was just 18-years-old when he joined the RAF in August 1939. Serving in a frontline squadron, he flew many combat missions including dogfights during the Battle of Britain and was subsequently awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.
• On Now: The Cult of Beauty: The Aesthetic Movement 1860-1900 at the Victoria & Albert Museum in . Said to be the "most comprehensive" exhibition ever staged on the Aesthetic Movement in Britain, it brings together masterpieces in painting as well as sculpture, design, furniture, architecture, fashion and literature of the era and explores some of the key personalities involved in the movement – from William Morris and Frederic Leighton through to James McNeil Whistler, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Edward Burne-Jones and Oscar Wilde. Organised in collaboration with the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, the exhibition runs until 17th July. Tickets are £12 (concessions available). See www.vam.ac.uk.
• London will celebrate Chinese New Year this Sunday as it once again hosts the largest celebrations outside of Asia attracting some 250,000 people from around the globe. The event programme, which celebrates 2011 as the Year of the Rabbit, kicks off at 11am on the main stage in Trafalgar Square with firecrackers at noon, a Lion and Dragon performance at 1.10pm and dance and song during the afternoon culminating in a finale just before 6pm. There will also be a stage in Shaftesbury Avenue with performances throughout the day. Roads in the area will be closed for the event.
• You no longer have to be in London to walk through the galleries of the Tate Britain or the National Gallery. Both institutions are among 17 around the world taking part in the Google Art Project which allows web surfers to virtually "walk" around the museum using the organisation's Street View technology and turn 360 degrees to view the artworks in situ on the walls. The project also allows viewers to look through images of more than 1,000 artworks and, in addition, each institution has selected one artwork which then captured in "super high resolution" and then placed on line (Hans Holbein's The Ambassadors' for the National Gallery, Chris Ofili's No Woman, No Cry for the Tate). See www.googleartproject.com for more.
• Cyclists have ridden the distance to the moon and back 13 times – 10 million kilometres – since the launch of Mayor Boris Johnson's cycle scheme. Transport for London released figures this week showing riders have made more than 2.5 million journeys on the "Boris bikes" since the scheme was launched six months ago. The TfL has announced plans to expand the Barclays Cycle Hire scheme to new areas of east London including all of the Borough of Tower Hamlets, North Shoreditch, Bethnal Green, Bow, Canary Wharf, Mile End and Poplar by spring 2012. Almost 110,000 people are now signed up to the scheme. www.tfl.gov.uk.
• The youngest Spitfire pilot in the Battle of Britain is to be granted the Freedom of the City of London in a special ceremony next month. Squadron Leader Geoffrey Wellum was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his service in a front line squadron during the battle.
It's Remembrance Day and all across the UK – and around the world – people are pausing to reflect on those who gave their lives fighting for their country. While the main events related to the day – the laying of wreaths at the Cenotaph and a parade – takes place on Remembrance Sunday, we're marking the day today with a list of 10 of London's World War I and II-related war memorials.
1. The Cenotaph – The most famous of London's war memorials (pictured right), this simply designed – almost plain – monument stands in the middle of Whitehall and was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens to commemorate the dead of World War I. It is here that the Queen and other dignitaries lay wreaths on Remembrance Sunday in remembrance of the war dead of both world wars.
2. The Monument to the Women of World War II – Located just along from the Cenotaph, this much criticised memorial marks the role more than seven million women played during World War II. Unveiled in 2005, the memorial was designed by John W. Mills and depicts a series of coats worn by women during the war hanging as though on pegs.
3. The Tower Hill Memorial – This memorial, which was originally unveiled in 1928 and then added to after World War II, commemorates the men and women of the merchant navy and fishing fleets who were killed in either world war and have no known grave. It lists more than 36,000 names. For more information, see www.cwgc.org/search/cemetery_details.aspx?cemetery=90002&mode=1.
5. The National Firefighters Memorial – Marking the role played by firefighters during the Blitz of London in World War II (as well as the role of firefighters generally), the memorial (pictured right) was designed by John Mills and features the "Blitz" statue – two life-sized firefighters and an officer cast in bronze – standing atop a plinth. First unveiled in by Queen Elizabeth II in 1991, it originally featured the names of 997 men and women who died during the Blitz inscribed upon it but this was extended to include firefighters who have died in peacetime and an additional 1192 names were added prior to a rededication in 2003. Located just south of St Paul's on the main route to the Millennium Bridge, it is the focus of the annual Firefighters Day of Remembrance held each September. For more information, see www.firefightersmemorial.co.uk.
8. Australian War Memorial – Located close to Wellington Arch at Hyde Park Corner, this monumental wall (pictured right) marks the role Australians played in both World Wars. More than 100,000 Australians died during the conflicts and the names of the 23,844 towns in which they were born are inscribed on the wall over which is superimposed the names of 47 battles in which Australians fought in. Unveiled on the 85th anniversary of Armistice Day, 2003. For more information, see www.awmlondon.gov.au.
9. New Zealand War Memorial – Located at Hyde Park Corner diagonally opposite the Australian War Memorial, this monument was designed by architect John Hardwick-Smith and sculptor Paul Dibble and features 16 bronze cross-shaped 'standards' of varying heights set in formation and inscribed with text, patterns and some small sculptures. Dedicated on Armistice Day, 2006, by Queen Elizabeth II.
10. Soviet War Memorial – Found in the Geraldine Mary Harmsworth Park – adjacent to the Imperial War Museum in Southwark, the Soviet War Memorial was unveiled in 1999. Designed by sculptor Sergei Shcherbakov, it commemorates the 27 million people who died in the Soviet Union during World War II. For more information, see www.scrss.org.uk/sovietmemorial.htm.


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The web shopping sites here all offer an ideal shopping experience, delivery to all kinds of locations, usually hosting gross sales and continuously introducing new gadgets. When I taught Spanish, I used to present the kids a listing of items in Spanish that they could find around our school.
There are several departments in a typical grocery store that I do not embody on my listing as a result of I don't use them commonly, reminiscent of floral, liquor, pharmacy, and photograph processing. Thanks Barbergirl.. The vacation shopping really acquired to me. I bought cropdusted about 10 instances, even in Finest Buy and there have been no teenagers round. Then armed with the listing and a tough concept of how much we will be spending we set of to our local grocery store. I agree with the gist of your hub – people ought to be extra thoughtful while shopping in supermarkets typically. For our last shopping mall experience we head method north to town of Udon Thani, the capital of the province of the same name. One of finest parts of on-line shopping is easily comparing costs to seek out an amazing deal. These websites below have been thought of from each a buyer and vendor perspective.
Shopping is straightforward and cozy in an air-conditioned environment and with spacious, wide aisles and uncluttered displays. Now that you've a better understanding of the mystery shopping business, it's time to register with thriller shopping suppliers. Online shopping makes it simple to spend cash on things that could be good deals however should not stuff you want. Sure, there are thriller shopping scams on the market and one ought to always be careful.
Sebagai tempat perbelanjaan, namun sudah berkembang menjadi tempat berkumpulnya dari berbagai kalangan, baik dari pejabat bahkan sampai low level sekalipun. Terminal 21 is a nine storey shopping complicated in the Watthana district of Bangkok, on the Sukhumvit Road between Soi 19 and 21. In adition to road and pedestrian access, the mall can be linked by skywalks to each the Sukhumvit metro prepare station (MRT) and the Asok Skytrain station (BTS).
Thanks for sharing this…i have been involved how this mystery shopper goes about doing the jobs…sounds actually spy-ish, lol…severely, actually sounds fascinating and I suppose so much would like to get paid for one thing we all love to do – shopping.
It is the second such trick art museum in Bangkok – the other, predictably, is also in a shopping mall, referred to as The Esplanade. And we additionally look at one complicated in one other Thai city, Udon Thani, for instance that multi-faceted shopping experiences in this country should not the sole protect of the capital. The trouble is that her avoidance increases and only rarely will she venture out to do the shopping. Count on to spend anywhere from half-hour to a few hours on a typical mattress shopping adventure.
One Man's Trash …It in all probability isn't an incredible concept to go trash choosing per say, however there are objects that your workforce can acquire within the mall that others don't want or could also be prepared to half with to help your game.


text:
Trębaczów – dawna gromada, czyli najmniejsza jednostka podziału terytorialnego Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej w latach 1954–1972.

Gromady, z gromadzkimi radami narodowymi (GRN) jako organami władzy najniższego stopnia na wsi, funkcjonowały od reformy reorganizującej administrację wiejską przeprowadzonej jesienią 1954 do momentu ich zniesienia z dniem 1 stycznia 1973, tym samym wypierając organizację gminną w latach 1954–1972.

Gromadę Trębaczów z siedzibą GRN w Trębaczowie utworzono – jako jedną z 8759 gromad na obszarze Polski – w powiecie kępińskim w woj. poznańskim, na mocy uchwały nr 23/54 WRN w Poznaniu z dnia 5 października 1954. W skład jednostki weszły obszary dotychczasowych gromad Trębaczów i Zbyczyna ze zniesionej gminy Perzów w tymże powiecie. Dla gromady ustalono 12 członków gromadzkiej rady narodowej. Gromadę Trębaczów planowano wstępnie przyłączyć do powiatu sycowskiego w woj. wrocławskim. Gromada (jako Trembaczów) figuruje w wykazie gromad powiatu sycowskiego uchwały Nr 128/54 Prezydium Powiatowej Rady Narodowej w Sycowie, gdzie ustalono dla niej na wyrost 17 członków gromadzkiej rady narodowej Do zmiany tej jednak nie doszło.

Gromadę zniesiono 1 stycznia 1962, a jej obszar włączono do gromady Perzów w tymże powiecie.

Przypisy

Trezzxbaczozzxw

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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MariahCarey > News > NTT Anniversary Contest - Submit Your Answers!
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We mention all of this because we happen to believe that it is more efficient for WordPress websites, if you crop and scale photos before uploading them to the WordPress media center.


text:
Велика четвірка («Рада чотирьох») — лідери провідних країн — союзників, які зустрілися в січні 1919 року після закінчення 1-ї світової війни на Паризькій мирній конференції. До неї входили Вудро Вільсон (США), Девід Ллойд-Джордж (Сполучене королівство), Вітторіо Орландо (Італія) і Жорж Клемансо (Франція).

Створена була за пропозицією Вільсона для обговорення основних питань у вузькому колі до того, як вони обговорювалися на конференції, в якій взяли участь понад 20 союзних країн. Ці глави держав були провідними архітекторами Версальського договору, підписаного Німеччиною; Сен-Жерменського договору з Австрією; Нейїського договору з Болгарією; Тріанонського договору з Угорщиною, Конференції в Сан-Ремо (1920), Севрського договору з Османською імперією і наступних.

У список компаній Великої четвірки входять PricewaterhouseCoopers, Deloitte (Делойт), Ernst & Young (Ернст енд Янг) та KPMG.

Найбільших фірм колись було вісім, і називалися вони разом "Велика вісімка". У 1989-му році у результаті злиття Deloitte, Haskins and Sells і Touche Ross (об'єднана фірма стала називатися Deloitte & Touche), і Ernst & Whinney і Arthur Young (Ernst & Young) "вісімка" перетворилася на "шістку".

Кількість найбільших компаній знову скоротилася в 1998 році після злиття Price Waterhouse і Coopers & Lybrand (в результаті виникла PricewaterhouseCoopers). Нарешті, "п'ятірка" стала "Великою четвіркою" у 2002 році після масового відтоку клієнтів від Arthur Andersen.

Примітки

Посилання
 Всемирная история дипломатии. Раздел шестой. Дипломатия в период подготовки Второй мировой войны (1919—1939 гг.). Глава первая. Версальский мир (1919 г.) (проф. Минц И. И.)
 Signing the Treaty of Versailles, 1919

Перша світова війна
Ліга Націй
Міжнародні конференції


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Happy New Year Ride to Nan!
Discussion in 'Touring Northern Thailand - Trip Reports Forum' started by TonyBKK, Dec 29, 2009.
Sawasdee Pii Mai Khrap! Year end greetings from Nan!
Great ride up from Bangkok with Thom on Kawasaki ER6n and Rich on Ducati Monster.
Hooked up with Chris on his Honda Phantom in Den Chai and Franz here in Nan on his FJR1300.
Just arrived, need to run and meet the guys to figure out where we're going tomorrow.
Great ride yesterday from Nan to Doi Phu Kha and then up along the Thai-Lao border. Definitely the road less traveled up there!
Awesome roads, very little traffic, and stunning views!
TonyBKK wrote: Great ride yesterday from Nan to Doi Phu Kha and then up along the Thai-Lao border. Definitely the road less traveled up there!
Yep that's one hell of a fantastic ride isn't it?
it was a bit chopped up & bumpy; but basically from the spring & headwaters on the Nan river it is "generally" downhill & superb asphalt, even if a bit tight ˜n narrow at times.
Davidfl wrote: R1081 & Huay Kon, right at the "top end". Way before the road was asphalt.
Above: With David "Dawn" Drechsler, so nicknamed because of his night time "retirement" hours. David Dawn was a great rider & showed me a few tricks on 1081, a road that he'd never been on before.
Have to give credit to Franz- original plan had been to turn right (south) at Bo Klua and ride the 1081 "racetrack" back to Nan like we did a few weeks ago. But when we reached the t-junction at Bo Klua Franz wondered about where the road would take us if we went left (north). Hanging a left at Bo Klua was Franz's idea and it turns out it was a good one!
Nice clear day with better visibility and views than when we were there a few weeks ago.
Bo Klua to Chalerm Prakiat next!
The ride is over, and what a ride it was! About ~2500km in 5 days- Awesome!
Still, while parts were in terrible shape, there were also some stretches that were in fine condition. Just take it easy and mind the gravel and potholes.
We didn't get back to Nan until after dark!
What a great day! More to come!
Cheers Marco! Awesome ride- you would have loved it! Not sure when we're doing the Cambo run- will have to talk to the rest of the crew and figure it out. Hope you can join us!
Coming up next- Nan to Phu Fa to Chiang Muan to Phrayao!
At the Hotel parking lot eager to go to Nan to meet up with my favourite Bkk hooligan Tony (Gerhard-Bakerboy was not coming but I can assure you Tony did a more than perfect job in replacing him to be my motivation to ride a little bit more faster. :? ).
Ride Phrae to Nan was an easy and quick one although the roads were quite slippery and started already to be clogged with Vigo's and Fortuners burning their brakes on every downhill slope (Bkk numberplates naturally !!!! :twisted: ). Once in Nan checked in at the Dhevaraj Hotel for B800,- a night and booked also rooms for the 4 guys on their way. Couldn't wait but wanted to go swimming. Both Fiu and me forgot our swimming gear so off we went to Lotus.....to a shopping centre.....to a sports shop.......to another sports shop, only to be given a choice of 3 swimming trousers size SSS....... :evil: this amounted to 2,5 hours with no positive result......well there's no sea only mountains in Nan...... :roll: .
And again then had a night with a good dinner with our newcomers Tony, Chris, Rich and Thom.
Next day off we went, I on Tony's Ninja, he on the FJR. Man I love the sound of his exhaust and also the timely backfiring when you get into street-dog infested villages...... .
As I said, I was very civilised this time but one guy on a green modified Ninja always tried to tempt me to go a litten bit faster..... :shock: :shock: .
Tony no need to thank me for my question about turning left it was all our wish :lol: to explore new lands and right we were . What a stunning road. I must admit that the easiest ride was for Chris on his Phantom. Sorry for Rich and his M900 Duc, I think his wrists must have been hurting like putting them into steam..... .
Anyway parts of the road were really fantastic some were potholed and some dirt, but let's say 85% of this one had good tarmac on it.
Well as Tony said there's not much of anything there, neither petrol nor coffeeplaces, even after Chaiprakan it was difficult to get both. Finally we managed to get something to drink and had a rest in the greens of a public park in Tha Wang Pha and managed to get into the dark before reaching Nan. Some roadworks after Chaiprakarn with a little slip'n'slide.
Tony even had to slap one bigger moscito on a Wave on his shoulder to get him out of the road, this boy cut him nicely and didn't move then from the middle of the lane. Me had a run-in with an oldie who without looking or caring crossed 3 lanes in one go out of Nan.... :evil: .
Fiu and Rich had 2 close calls with bridge railings and the sand that was before on the road..... :lol: .
After again a nice dinner an a very good foot-massage in the Hotel we went a little earlier to bed and decided to go together to Phayao next day.
Well we did the Nan-Chiang Muan-Pong-Phayao one and obviously Tony loved it so much that he hammered his Ninja without mercy again over these nice mountain roads..... :mrgreen: .
Next day when we woke up with a heavy head, Tony, Rich and Thom were already gone and so we had to get out quickly. Took a nice slower ride back to CNX via Wang Nua and Mae Kachan, only to find the main road clogged up already with smoking & smelling Fortuners and Vigos again.
This was again a trip to remember, we enjoyed it very very much. Especially Tony's friends but most of all Mr. Grinning Green Speeding Devil himself !!!!!! Looking forward to the next one already 55555, Nan again :?: :wink: :?: .
Franz wrote: Well we did the Nan-Chiang Muan-Pong-Phayao one and obviously Tony loved it so much that he hammered his Ninja without mercy again over these nice mountain roads..... :mrgreen: .
Great photos and wonderful trip! Can't wait for the next one!
Wonderful stuff. I'm glad you've finally discovered Nan & its fantastic rolling hills with beautiful swooping roads.
I reckon that by the end of 2010 Nan will finally, well & truly be on the biking map in Thailand.
For serious sport bike riders Nan is # 1.
The Mae Hong Son is legendary for its 1,864 curves on R108 + "the others" (what's the number?) on R1095, but R1095 really is "Fino country."
Nan is THE TOP DOG for brilliant sport bike riding.
So there's no doubt you guys had a Happy NEW YEAR.
Well done - you are indeed lucky guys to start of the new year like that.
Some more things which amused us was Rich's M900 Duc which started to piss oil from the 'dry-clutch' gasket & housing onto the backtyre. He fixed this in strapping a rag next to the rear brake pedal. Trouble would have been too less, so the Duc decided to refuse starting and give us all some needed exercise....... . Well it did run all the time as did we once in flat country..... .
Yes a map for Nan is a good idea & I'm toying with the idea, but I think a new guide book is going to come first; then a Nan - LPQ map.
Re Nan city, yep even I still get confused there. The streets are not in a normal grid system & are offset to each other, probably something to with following the river & so many beautiful temples for the roads to go around.
1. The old Deheveraj, still good value for money I think, although the Fah Tanin was exceptional value while it was open.
2. Darios restaurant, run by Toom. N18 46.877 E100 46.474. Please drop in & say hello to Toom for me &/or even eat there. Her farang food is excellent.
1. Grand Maison? hotel N18 47.182 E100 46.614.
There also used to be the Mai Muang Pub. N18 47.470 E100 46.855 at which I've had a few good nights too.
David, just get jealous when I read that you'll be there in a one or two weeks time, well let's see, my job doesn't make too much fun...... :evil: :!: .....let's wait a litten bit....... :wink: .
Will try out some of your recommended places soon :mrgreen: , thanks for the tips and GPS coordinates FL !!!!
You are right in saying that Nan is No.1 Sports Bike country in LOS, I would even call it No.1 biker country as even on D-Trackers, KLX'es, Waves or Finos anyone would have fun. Seen some biggies on the road too, mainly tourers, sports bikes and enduro's, seldom choppers as there are no straight roads and no cheering crowds.
We have seen that size is no matter with Chris on his Phantom, just up the hill he slowed but otherwise we didn't wait that long for him to catch up !!
Police in Nan is very very courteous & helpful too, ALWAYS smiling and eager for a short yak-yak !!
Sorry, one more post but an IMPORTANT one !
Must give all the credit for bringing me and I think TonyBkk too to this beautiful part of Thailand all to MRS. PETER DOUGAL and Marco Matti Jaekkimaekki who first told us about Doi Phuka !!! So once more many many thanks to both of you, a fantastic tip !!
I will try to check these all out in a week or two before Laos.
I was pretty unimpressed with the Devaraj Hotel... I know some rooms have been refurbished, but I was in one of the old rooms and it was really quite poor. Musty smell, clogged sink, ants, rather miserable breakfast buffet... No, next time I'll try to find the 350 Baht guest house that Liam took me too on our previous ride. Brand new, very clean, big room, hot water and a good solid bed.
When are you going to be in Nan David? I'm thinking of blasting up there again the weekend of Jan 15-17 and would be great fun to catch up with you!
Comparing it to the Maeyom Palace in Phrae which is wonderful or even the Gateway in Phayao, Dhevaraj would earn half a star, Gateway 2 and Maeyom 3.
A friend recommended the Sasidara - about 800 Baht at N18.77396 E100.75600 A bit out of town (west) along Rd 1025 but good value for money.
Franz wrote: Sorry, one more post but an IMPORTANT one !
Will also have to try and get the name of the GH that Liam booked for me last time.
Ooooh! 8) MC party in Nong Khai on the 16th, eh???
Wow nice trip you fellers had, would have loved to join that one. I discovered with my riding style the R1 has little mileage on the tank, but up North it should be much better, as you don't ride as fast as down on the slab in South East.
Well done guys and I envy that tour, looked fantastic.
Well, I'll see what the rest of the BKK Hooligans are in the mood for and we'll take it from there. I spent one night in Nong Khai last year and quite enjoyed it- wouldn't mind visiting again.


Culdaff Beach is located close to the village of Culdaff (Cil Dabhcha), on the north east coast of the Inishowen Peninsula in County Donegal. Culdaff beach consists of a sandy beach with two rock outcrops at the south-east of the beach.
A sandy beach on the Inishowen peninusla. The coastal habitats in this area are protected and designated a Special area for Conservation (SAC). The site is divided into distinct zones by the rocky headlands of Black Rock, Bucker's Rock and Lady's Rock.
Beach use is concentrated on the eastern part of the main beach between Carratra and central access points and in the rock coves between Ladys Port and Black Pool. Culdaff beach is located off the R243 east of the town of Malin.


How do you get students interested?
Strategy #1: Bookmark and Share: Start simple by identifying relevant websites and sharing them with students. I've made basic link pages using google sites, such as this page on Map Study Tools.
TinyURL – Make long website URLs short and sweet so that they are easy to write on the board!
Newsela – Students can read the same current events articles at a variety of reading levels.
Docs Teach – Thanks to the National Archives, you have access to thousands of free primary sources and ready to use lesson plans.
Strategy #2: Blog: A blog is a great way to share news, reflections, or global connections. Many of my students followed my travels in China, Ukraine, and Turkey. I've also blogged about current events, sometimes even finding ways to make local news have a global connection (DOMA Decision, Newtown, Presidential Election). The possibilities are endless, and I have written a lot about tips for global education blogging!
Blogger and WordPress – Both are easy to use for creating a blog.
Edublogs is another blogging site made especially for teachers and students, so there are no ads.
Strategy #3: Go Multimedia and Get into Video (Vlog!): Everything is more powerful when you use video! It helps students connect with the content and feel like they are there in another part of the world. As you can see in the video below, I've used many different techniques, from interviewing an expert (such as a Turkish bath salesman) to filming students asking questions (a favorite post from Ukraine). Students love video!
Strategy #4: Make the Students the Stars: One of the best ways to get students interested is to make them the stars! I enjoy showing off what my students accomplish, whether it's documenting what's happening in class (like in the video below) or interviewing students about special events at school.
Your Camera — Your best tool is whatever camera you feel comfortable with!
Padlet – Make your own "wall" and show off whatever you want to show!
Jux – Pictures and words fill the screen in this unusual blogging format.
This is just the beginning! Move on to the next step: Commenting.


text:
Q: XML and XSLT loop and variable Here is my feed
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="feedstylev5.xsl"?>
<feed >

   <Layout>
        <breakingnews>
               <story id="112345" rank="1">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="122345" rank="2">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="212345" rank="3">Story Title 2</story>

        </breakingnews>

        <topnews>
                <story id="012345" rank="1">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="117345" rank="2">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="612345" rank="3">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="712345" rank="4">Story Title 1</story>

        </topnews>

        <news>
                <story id="012345" rank="1">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="117345" rank="2">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="612345" rank="3">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="312145" rank="4">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="412045" rank="5">Story Title 1</story>
        </news>

        <sports>
                <story id="712345" rank="1">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="912345" rank="2">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="812345" rank="3">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="102345" rank="4">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="212245" rank="5">Story Title 1</story>
        </sports>

   </Layout>
</feed>

What I am trying to do is loop through the story and where the breaking news,sports tag i want to display the tag itself instead of hard coding like I have below.
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">

<xsl:template match="/feed">

Breaking News

    <xsl:for-each select="Layout/breakingnews/story">

<xsl:value-of select="@rank"/>

 <xsl:value-of select="."/>

(<xsl:value-of select="@id"/>)

    </xsl:for-each>

</xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

I want to replace breaking news with variable as the value is going to change and want make it loop through.

A: My recommendation is to do something like the following - move the for-each logic into a template:
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">

    <xsl:template match="/feed">

Breaking News

                <xsl:apply-templates select="Layout/breakingnews/story"/>

Top News

                <xsl:apply-templates select="Layout/topnews/story"/>

    </xsl:template>

    <xsl:template match="story">

            <xsl:value-of select="@rank"/>

            <xsl:value-of select="."/>

            (<xsl:value-of select="@id"/>)

    </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

A: It it possible to change the XML structure?  If so, I would suggest changing the XML to be like this:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="feedstylev5.xsl"?>
<feed >

   <Layout>

               <story id="112345" rank="1">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="122345" rank="2">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="212345" rank="3">Story Title 2</story>

                <story id="012345" rank="1">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="117345" rank="2">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="612345" rank="3">Story Title 1</story>
                <story id="712345" rank="4">Story Title 1</story>

        ...

   </Layout>
</feed>

And then make your XSLT like this:
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <xsl:template match="/feed">

        <xsl:apply-templates select="Layout/section" />

  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template match="section">

      <xsl:value-of select="@title" />

    <xsl:apply-templates select="story" />
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template match="story">

      <xsl:value-of select="@rank"/>

      <xsl:value-of select="."/>

      (<xsl:value-of select="@id"/>)

  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

The code= attributes are not actually used above, but I would advise having them for good measure.
If you can't modify the input XML structure, then your next best bet would be to change the first two templates in my example to be like this:
  <xsl:template match="/feed">

         <xsl:call-template name="Section">
           <xsl:with-param name="section" select="Layout/breakingnews" />
           <xsl:with-param name="title" select="'Breaking News'" />
         </xsl:call-template>
         <xsl:call-template name="Section">
           <xsl:with-param name="section" select="Layout/topnews" />
           <xsl:with-param name="title" select="'Top News'" />
         </xsl:call-template>
         <xsl:call-template name="Section">
           <xsl:with-param name="section" select="Layout/news" />
           <xsl:with-param name="title" select="'News'" />
         </xsl:call-template>
         <xsl:call-template name="Section">
           <xsl:with-param name="section" select="Layout/sports" />
           <xsl:with-param name="title" select="'Sports'" />
         </xsl:call-template>

  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template name="Section">
    <xsl:param name="section" />
    <xsl:param name="title" />

      <xsl:value-of select="$title" />

    <xsl:apply-templates select="story" />
  </xsl:template>

This will omit any sections that aren't in the feed at any given time, but would require you to hardcode the titles in the XSL and their order would be fixed.


Excellent location right on HWY 8, this property features 3 commercial warehouse buildings currently used for raising and processing a variety of animals. Main building is 100x150 with cement floor, second building is 50x100 with half enclosed and half open. Third building is open on 3 sides with dirt floor. With almost 9 acres, this property offers tons of business potential.
From Weyerhauser head West on US Hwy 8 for approx 4 miles. Property on the Right.


Following the application deadline, the ABA will sort all returning hunters that have successfully completed all steps in the application process. Hunters will be sorted by their first choice DHA (Designated Hunting Area) that they made within their online application. Hunters choosing DHAs where the number of spaces available is greater than the number of applicants will automatically be placed within their first choice DHA. These hunters will not be required to attend the Lottery.
Those hunters choosing as their fist choice a DHA where demand exceeds supply will be required to participate in the Lottery process. At the Lottery, all hunters will be publicly placed in a random drawing. DHAs will be assigned to hunters based upon the random drawing. Should a hunter not be present and their first choice is still available, the hunter will automatically be placed there. Should the hunter not be present and their first choice is already full, the ABA will look at the hunter's second choice DHA. If that is also full, the hunter will be passed over. All hunters passed over due to absence will be allowed to later choose from the leftover spots on a first come – first served basis.
Individuals that did not hunt in the previous year's hunt are considered new hunters. Returning hunters get first choice of the DHAs at the Lottery. After these individuals have been placed, there will be a second Lottery for all new hunters. All new hunters (hunters not placed in the previous year's hunt) are required to attend the Lottery, or send a Proxy in their place.
Hunters who are unable to attend are encouraged to have another hunter or individual attend and vote as a Proxy. The ABA will only accept Proxy votes if the Proxy has a signed letter stating that the Proxy (by name) is authorized to choose on their behalf. If you don't have anyone that will be able to attend, please contact us to serve as your Proxy. You just need to rank ALL of the DHAs in order of your preference. We will assign you to the highest available DHA on your list.


Ready, Willing and Able (RWA) is a national initiative active in 20 communities across Canada, with a branch in all 13 provinces and territories. If you are looking to hire, contact the RWA staff member nearest to you to start the conversation.
Active in 20 communities including NB.


text:
Police: 10 wounded in pair of Baghdad bombings
Published: JANUARY 16, 2011 08:13
Iraqi police and hospital workers say 10 people have been injured in a pair of roadside bombings during the morning rush hour in Baghdad.
Seven of the wounded were on a bus attacked Sunday in north Baghdad as it was carrying municipal officials to work. Another blast wounded three bodyguards of the science and technology minister in Jadriyah district. The minister was not in the convoy.
Baghdad still suffers from persistent smallscale attacks despite the sharp drop in violence since the height of the war three years ago.


The city of Sioux Falls plans to pay $27.3 million to BNSF Railway in exchange for about 10 acres of rail yard in the downtown area, where officials hope the deal will bolster a new phase of development.
Mayor Mike Huether said Wednesday at a news conference that the negotiations between Sioux Falls and BNSF for a portion of the company's downtown rail system have been in the works for more than a decade.
"There certainly have been big days in the history of our great city — game-changing days," the mayor said. "Today is one of those days."
The deal will allow the opening up of a north-south stretch of land from the 10th Street viaduct to an area near Kilian Community College. The rail yard relocation project is even more significant than the building of the Denny Sanford Premier Center, Huether said.
The agreement is expected to spur as much as $100 million in new development, according to officials. The deal uses $40 million in federal funding secured by Sens. John Thune and Tim Johnson in 2005, the Argus Leader (http://argusne.ws/1VA1Cxd ) reported.
Brienne Miller of Downtown Sioux Falls, the nonprofit dedicated to upgrading and enhancing the city's downtown area, called the deal "one of the most unique opportunities" for development and a "shot in the arm" for the city.
"The sky is the limit," she said. "We see a big future for that area."
Although it's too soon to tell what will be established on the 10 acres, Huether said he envisions a mixed-use public square where people will be able to live, work and play.
Development is expected to begin in 2018.