Designed by Fash1 owner Imogen Mitchell. It's another piece from our unique collection! Based on the classic Italian chic look, it truly is a remarkable dress. Our original has been an absolute HIT so we couldn't help but bring a limited edition design to the 2018 Collection.
Made from our signature rayon bandage fabric, this elegant midi dress is a must have in any ladies wardrobe. The on the knee length and high cut, slash neck, makes this very wearable and the perfect transition from day to night. Made from our signature real bandage fabric in a beautiful shade of jade to suit all skin tones and see you through every season.
We know you're going to fall in love!
This dress comes with a detachable satin tie that can be worn around the waist or around the neck or detached all together.
Essential, glamorous and a great fit for all shapes and all ages. A bra can be worn if you need some extra support!
Blonde Model is 5ft10 and wears a UK 10 (M) with a 34B bra size.


text:
top primary schools in singapore 2020
Perhaps, parents, it is also good to check in with your child on what kind of school environment would be ideal or comfortable for him/her before making that … It is a global financial center with a multicultural population. With this, the Singaporean education system prides itself on having some of the most recognized schools in the world. Primary schools in Singapore are classified as Government or Government-aided schools. A small island nation in Southeast Asia, Singapore is internationally known for its economic prosperity coupled with its technological advancements. Top 10 Best Primary Schools in Durban. An island city-state off southern Malaysia, Singapore has a population of 5.607 million (2016). Schools in Singapore are well-known for offering a high quality of education to students. 30 Best Schools in Singapore (2020 Map) MAP VIEW - All Schools . Find list of Top Schools in Singapore which are CBSE, ICSE, CIE Camridge, IB and state affiliated Schools in Singapore Singapore. Checkout list of Best Schools in Singapore 2020 - a complete list of Schools in Singapore Singapore with information on Fees, Admission procedure, Ranking, Rating & Reviews, Curriculum, Facilities, Contact Details and address. The total number of possible schools that could be on this list if all schools had a sufficient number of parent surveys, and all these schools had a rating of above 3.0, is 79. And here is the cherry on top: School Guide will also provide live data on vacancy and applications in real-time for all primary schools in Singapore during registration in 2020. Some primary schools are affiliated with a secondary school, and such schools may have a lower requirement for students from the primary section to enter the affiliated secondary school. The annual P1 registration has already begun. In this article, we present our ranking of all the 185 primary schools in Singapore. List of 91 Best Schools in Singapore (2020 Fees) View Map. As usual, MOE has released some statistics on the school vacancies after Phase 1, Phase 2A(1), Phase 2A(2) and the post-registration of Phase 2B. Different Types of Chocolate, Brands & Varieties November 23, 2020. In this ranking, the Best Schools in Singapore, we, currently, have 8 schools competing for top spot. That said, these scores of top secondary schools in Singapore 2020 are just a guide and not indicative that one school is better than the other. Home Search. Top primary schools in 2018 Ever since MOE stopped releasing the names of top PSLE performers and their schools, the best primary schools in Singapore have been a mystery. We've saved the best for last here, with the home search feature. Primary schools are typically mixed-sex , though there are a number of single-sex schools. But for anxious parents out there having difficulty choosing a school for your child, we've made it a little easier.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Facebook android SDK reopens session I am developing a facebook-integrated application and i am experiencing a very weird issue.
I log in normally, but as i am about to log out the SDK forces a login again...
package com.machinarius.facebook;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.facebook.Request;
import com.facebook.Request.GraphUserCallback;
import com.facebook.Response;
import com.facebook.Session;
import com.facebook.Session.NewPermissionsRequest;
import com.facebook.Session.StatusCallback;
import com.facebook.SessionState;
import com.facebook.model.GraphUser;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements StatusCallback, GraphUserCallback {
    private TextView statusText;
    private Button loginButton;
    private Boolean loggedIn;
    private Session actualSession;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        loggedIn = false;
        statusText = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.statusText);
        loginButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.loginButton);
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        Session.getActiveSession().onActivityResult(this, requestCode, resultCode, data);
    }

    public void toggleFacebookLogin(View source) {
        if(!loggedIn) {
            actualSession = Session.openActiveSession(this, true, this);
        }
        else
            if(actualSession == null)
                return;
            else {
                actualSession.close();
                statusText.setText("Please login");
                loggedIn = false;
            }
    }

    @Override
    public void call(Session session, SessionState state, Exception exception) {
        if(state.equals(SessionState.OPENED)) {
            loggedIn = true;
            List<String> permissions = getNewPermissions(actualSession.getPermissions(),
                    new LinkedList<String>(Arrays.asList("user_about_me", "user_birthday", "user_hometown", "user_relationships", "user_location", "user_relationships", "email")));
            Session.NewPermissionsRequest permissionsRequest = new NewPermissionsRequest(this, permissions);
            actualSession.requestNewReadPermissions(permissionsRequest);
            populateInterface();
        } else {
            loggedIn = false;
        }
    }

    private void populateInterface() {
        Request.executeMeRequestAsync(Session.getActiveSession(), this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCompleted(GraphUser user, Response response) {
        if(response.getError() != null) {
            statusText.setText("There was an error fetching your info");
            Log.e(getClass().getName(), response.getError().toString());
            return;
        }
        if(user != null) {
            statusText.setText("Hello " + user.getName() + "\n"
                    + "Your user ID is " + user.getId() + "\n"
                    + "Your birthday is " + user.getBirthday());
            loginButton.setText("Log out");
        } else {
            statusText.setText("There was an error fetching your info");
        }
    }

    private List<String> getNewPermissions(List<String> actualPermissions, List<String> desiredPermissions) {
        ArrayList<String> permissionsGranted = new ArrayList<String>();
        for(String nPermission : desiredPermissions)
            for(String aPermission : actualPermissions)
                if(nPermission.equals(aPermission))
                    permissionsGranted.add(nPermission);
        for(String gPermission : permissionsGranted)
            desiredPermissions.remove(gPermission);
        return desiredPermissions;
    }
}

toggleFacebookLogin is called by a XML onClick handler on the loginButton.
Another question as well, how can i integrate the permissions request into the session.open call so i dont have to make the user see a facebook dialog twice?

A: The problem here is that you're only checking for
state.equals(SessionState.OPENED)

in your call method rather than
state.isOpened()

So when you request additional permissions, the state actually transitions to OPENED_TOKEN_UPDATED, and now your loggedIn state is false (even though it should be true). So when you click the button, you're calling openActiveSession again because your loggedIn state is incorrect. If you switch to checking state.isOpened(), it should fix your issue.
To answer your second question, since you're only requesting read permissions, you can request them all at once when you open the session (whereas if you also wanted to request publish permissions - like publish_stream, then you'd need to separate the requests). To do it all at once, you need to replace your Session.openActiveSession(this, true, this) with something like:
Session actualSession = new Session(this);
Session.setActiveSession(actualSession);
actualSession.openForRead(new Session.OpenRequest(this).setPermissions(Arrays.asList("some", "read", "permissions")).setCallback(this));

Note: I wrote the above off the top of my head, so there might be syntax errors.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Ullswater 'Steamers' is gearing up to 'pipe' their first customer aboard in the aftermath of storms 'Desmond, Eva and Frank' later this week.
Despite a number of recent setbacks due to the severe weather experienced during the Festive period the iconic Lake District attraction is set to bounce back and offer cruises on England's most beautiful lake, Ullswater, commencing from Thursday 14 January 2016. (First sailing departs 09.45hrs from Glenridding Pier).
Despite the area being subjected to three Storms in rapid succession the team at Ullswater 'Steamers' weren't going to be kept down. Like many businesses in and around the Lake the team from 'Steamers' mucked in and helped local communities around Ullswater where they could, clearing away debris, ferrying supplies about and generally doing their best to ease the plight of those worse off than themselves.
'Steamers' fortunately got off relatively lightly at the hands of 'Desmond, Eva and Frank', with some damage caused to the stern of Lady Wakefield, flood damage to facilities and the carpark at Glenridding, minor damage to Pooley Bridge Pier and Pier House, and difficulty accessing Howtown due to high lake levels.
To further support the local communities affected by flooding 'Steamers' are offering the residents of Glenridding, Patterdale, Martindale, Howtown and Pooley Bridge a complimentary season ticket giving unlimited travel on scheduled services for 2016.
The business, which operates one of the largest heritage vessel fleets in the world, is an important link in connecting some of the most famous and iconic walking routes in the National Park and as such is a vital part of the local tourism infrastructure.
Mindful of this the team wanted to get services up and running as quickly as possible, to show that the area is open for business despite all that has been thrown at the area by the recent storms.
Tour groups wishing to access 'Steamers' sailings from Pooley Bridge can still do so at the normal drop off point at Pooley Bridge Pier, which is totally operational. It should be noted that access to refreshment facilities in the Village of Pooley Bridge is currently not possible, as a result we are recommending tour groups use the following facilities as alternatives in the interim, for the northern end of Ullswater – Dalemain and Rheged. Those seeking refreshments at the southern end of Ullswater should note Glenridding is open as usual.


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to Pediatric Dentistry of Palo Alto. We LOVE what we do, and that's taking excellent care of your child's smile.
Pediatric dentists specialize in care for infants, children, and adolescents.
Orthodontists that treat children for many problems, including crowded and overlapping teeth.
A Comfortable, Caring, and Fun Experience!
I've always felt extraordinarily lucky to be a pediatric dentist. It's more of a passion with me than a profession. Perhaps where others find their "work" as a means to earn an income to enable them to lead the kind of life they would like to enjoy, pediatric dentistry is an integral part of what I enjoy most out of life.
Dr. Aneil is a board certified pediatric dentist with high energy and passion in caring for children's dental health. Dr. Aneil grew up in California, and attended the University of Pacific dental school in San Francisco, where he was awarded "most promising future in pediatric dentistry" upon graduation.
Dr. Adams and his team are great with my little man. My son Gabriel is 20 months and just had his second visit with Dr. Adams. Considering my son has stranger anxiety this visit went well. Dr. Adams is so sweet, gentle and super fast with his dental exam. I've already recommended him to my family and friends with small children. Thank you Dr. Adams!!!
We LOVE what we do, and that's taking excellent care of your child's smile.
Dr. Adams and Dr. Aneil are Board Certified Pediatric Dentists who have been treating children in the community for over the previous 25 years!
We are conveniently located in Palo Alto across from Lucile Packard Children's Hospital and near the Stanford Shopping Center. We have also been serving the surrounding areas of Menlo Park, Atherton, Mountain View, Los Altos, Sunnyvale and Redwood City for over the past twenty years!
© 2016 Pediatric Dentistry of Palo Alto.


After Renee and David were married the desire to start a family soon followed. When they began the family building process achieving pregnancy didn't take long, but sadly after an early miscarriage and a diagnosis of pre-menopause Renee and David's hopes of starting a family began to dwindle.
The Colorado couple began to explore domestic adoption when they learned about the newest form of adoption, embryo adoption. Excited about the opportunity to experience pregnancy, the couple applied to the Snowflakes Program. Renee and David recently shared a part of their story on the nightly news.
To learn more about embryo adoption and the Snowflakes Program please visit Snowflakes.org.
***Contrary to what the Reproducitve Endocrinologist above states, the embryos donated for adoption have already yielded successful pregnancies for the families who are donating them. This is a great indication that the donated embryos may also produce a successful pregnancy for the adopting family. There have been children born from embryos that have been frozen for 20 years! The pregnancy success rate for frozen embryo transfers is actually 2 percentage points HIGHER than for fresh embryos (Fertility and Sterility Magazine article).


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As the world expands, with more and more data being made available, the opportunity to abuse this vast pool of information for the purposes of fraud - or to manipulate it for personal gain - is enhanced. Deloitte's Fariel Hoosen writes on the matter.
Approximately 72 years ago the term "information explosion" was coined. Between then and now the amount of data which has become available has increased exponentially.
We find ourselves inundated with data, and in order to transform this data into information and knowledge we need to apply analytical intelligence.
In today's highly data drenched environment the application of data analytics specific to fraud detection and prevention has become crucial across all sectors. Forensic Data Analytics is now a driving force in identifying fraudulent trends within vast amounts of data.
Any form of structured data can have analytics applied to the data in order to pick out characteristics indicative of fraud.
Amendments to banking details on either the payroll or vendor data in order to channel funds into a different bank account.
In order to analyse and interrogate the data we would use appropriate software tools in order to develop and apply investigation specific analytics to the data in order to detect anomalies which could potentially be fraudulent or displays fraudulent characteristics.
The Forensic Data Analytics applied can be highly focussed in support of an investigation or, if the fraud investigation is still in the early stages, analytics can be harnessed to streamline the investigation team with directing the focus on particular areas.
Using historic data and being able to pin point data events which led to fraud, waste or abuse can be very powerful. Developing statistical models based on this data in order to predict potential fraudulent behaviour will allow business to make sense of a seemingly random act. Data triggers can be developed to highlight when similar data events occur in order to highlight anomalies.
These mechanisms would be put in place on a continuous basis and red-flags will be raised, and these anomalies will then be investigated. These mechanisms will be used by internal stakeholders to monitor the activity around areas where fraud has occurred, and mitigate risk by assessing the information provided from these mechanisms.


Martha has been working as a Senior Physical Therapist since 2002 in a New York City District 75 public school for children with multiple handicaps. The students are challenged with a wide range of disabilities including cerebral palsy, Down's Syndrome, spina bifida, mental retardation, autism, and other neurological impairments and they range in age from 9-21. There are approximately 600+ students in the school, with about 300 who are wheelchair dependent. In addition to providing individual therapy sessions to her students, Martha was inspired by all the wonderful young individuals she works with, as well as her own personal yoga practice, to create a yoga program at the school in 2003, which she has affectionately termed "Yoga Wonderland. The program has evolved and flourished within the school and has spread outside the walls of the school to other settings and populations. It started with five girls with mild to moderate cerebral palsy doing yoga and has grown to almost half of the students in the school experiencing yoga regularly. Some of the larger yoga classes that she presently leads are composed of as many as 50-60 students with mild to moderate disabilities in attendance. The children really adore the classes and can't get enough of yoga and movement class with Martha and Martha has found her life path and can't get enough of sharing yoga and movement with the students. For many of the students with severe disabilities, this is the only opportunity they have to socialize with other students who attend the school and to feel as though they are truly a part of a group experience. She has also trained and inspired other therapists within District 75 schools to develop and lead their own yoga/movement classes, to which they bring their own personal style and creativity. Many yoga programs within the five boroughs began (and continue today) in various schools as a result of her innovative and imaginative training.
Martha is a NYS licensed physical therapist and graduated with her Doctorate degree in Physical Therapy from NYU in 2001. She has taken several continuing education courses in various massage modalities and that coupled with her intuitive healing skills and compassionate nature has led to her to add massage therapy to her repertoire of skills, which she also brings to her students. In her private practice, Martha works with clients of all ages and particularly enjoys working with individuals who are facing medical/physical challenges and/or are recovering from life threatening illnesses or accidents. She draws from her background of physical therapy, massage therapy and yoga to make an individualized plan unique to each and every person she works with. Martha was the proud recipient of a scholarship from Kripalu Center for Yoga and Health in 2005 to become a Certified Kripalu Yoga Teacher and routinely takes continuing education classes, which encompass topics in physical therapy, yoga/children's yoga, yoga therapy, dance/movement therapy, etc.
Martha is continually seeking out opportunities to learn and bring inspiration and growth to her work and yoga/movement classes. Her classes are based on traditional yoga guidelines, including practical techniques to teach breathing, asanas (yoga postures), meditation and relaxation. The sessions are imaginative, fun and include warm-up exercises and yoga sequences choreographed to music, singing, dancing and creative movement activities.
Her intention is to one day establish a home base for Yoga Wonderland, which will bring yoga to children of ALL abilities, focusing on children with special needs. She envisions this center as being a safe haven and community, where children of ALL abilities can come to participate in yoga classes and other complementary modalities (Dance Therapy, Art Therapy, Music Therapy, Massage Therapy, Physical Therapy, Adapted Sports, Pet Therapy, Creative Expression/Self-Empowerment/Self-Esteem classes, and tools to encourage healthy lifestyles etc.,) which will empower and encourage them to shine their lights brightly. She expects the offerings at Yoga Wonderland will evolve and grow as she learns from her students because they after all are her greatest and wisest teachers.
Martha believes that an environment such as the one that Yoga Wonderland will provide is something that is truly needed. Many young individuals with special needs, especially if they have severe physical challenges that preclude them from being independent with activities of daily living (ADL's), have little to no opportunities for extracurricular activities. While NYC special education public schools provide nicely for their students while they are of school age and during school hours, there is essentially few, if any, places for them to go after school or on the weekends. Young individuals with disabilities miss out on the chance to socialize and have leisure time, which we all know is so important for one's health and wellbeing. This becomes even more crucial after these students graduate school. More often than not, graduates with disabilities are deemed unsuitable candidates for employment or Adult Day Programs because of the high level of assistance they require with ADL's and because many programs are not hospitable to wheelchairs. As a result, their futures are hopeless, depressing and sad. The concept for Blissful Bedrooms and Yoga Wonderland was conceived because of this unfortunate reality and together with her husband. she founded the not-for-profit, 501(c)3 corporation, Passion for Compassion, Inc, which encompasses these two programs.
Young individuals with physical challenges rarely have the opportunity to engage in group sports/activities with others, especially "typical" or "able-bodied" ones. Sadly, inclusion usually means that the person in the wheelchair sits on the sidelines and watches as their able-bodied peers run around and have fun. If they happen to be in the way, they are simply pushed aside. Yoga Wonderland will be a community where everyone will be made to feel comfortable, at home, and as an active and involved member. It will be a place where individuals with special needs can interact with their peers, learn new and creative skills, feel empowered and valued and simply have fun! Yoga Wonderland will foster an atmosphere where laughter and smiles abound, friendships are forged, and encouragement and respect come natural. In addition, Yoga Wonderland will be unique in that young individuals with disabilities will interact, without boundaries, with "able-bodied" or typically developing individuals. Both will learn enormous lessons, such as compassion, patience, acceptance and teamwork. It will be obvious to anyone who is part of, or visits, the Yoga Wonderland community that our differences aren't as great as our similarities. Yoga Wonderland – A place where young individuals of all abilities unite to shine their light!
It is Martha's belief and the core tenet of Yoga Wonderland that every being has a life purpose, regardless of their physical/mental challenges and abilities. She has found that many of the young individuals with disabilities that she has worked with feel like they are "mistakes" and that they have no place in this world, nothing to contribute. Many feel like they are a burden to their caregivers/society and that they deserve very little. Martha knows this is completely untrue and she wants them to unequivocally understand that as well. She believes that by exposing our children to the ancient and spiritual practice of yoga, as well as other healing/creative arts, we are promoting balance and equanimity in our young ones and encouraging them to follow their heart's desire or life path, without the need to compete or measure themselves against others abilities or accomplishments. In this way, they will come to feel empowered, and will know that there is room for all of us to succeed and be prosperous in this world and it doesn't have to be at the expense or misfortune of another. It will become clear through their positive experiences at Yoga Wonderland that we are all unmistakably connected and one. This understanding leads to adults who are tolerant, compassionate, responsible, and contribute to strong communities and eventually world peace.


text:
Upcoming Symposia
CARTA-inspired Publications
Specialization Track
CARTA Fellowships
Anthropogeny Publications Exchange (APE)
Primate Phylogeny
CARTA Glossary
Handelman Endowment
Vanessa Hayes
Dr. Hayes is a Professor of Human Comparative and Prostate Cancer Genomics at the University of Sydney and Garvan Institute in Australia. She has extraordinary and honorary Professorships at the University of Pretoria and the University of Limpopo, respectively, in South Africa. She received her undergraduate education from the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa and her Ph.D. in Medical Genetics from the University of Groningen, The Netherlands in 1999. After heading a research laboratory in South Africa investigating the genetic basis of HIV-susceptibility in local populations, she moved to Australia to head a Cancer Genetics group where the major focus of her research was in defining prostate cancer risk. During this period she was awarded a Fulbright Australian-American Professional Scholarship (2009), the Ruth Stephens Gani Medal for Human Genetics (2008) and the New South Wales Premiers Award for Cancer Research Fellow (2007).
In 2010, she co-led a study to define the extent of human diversity by generating the genome sequence of South African Noble Peace Laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu, and !Gubi, a Bushmen hunter from the Kalahari of Namibia. This work, published in Nature 2010, was the first genome sequence of an indigenous person. Dr. Hayes is continuing her efforts to define the extent of human genome diversity and use this knowledge for phenotypic correlations related to human evolution and disease impact. She believes we have only touched on our understanding of the extent and significance of diversity of the human genome. She has expanded on this work to define timelines of human divergence and human evolution within Southern Africa.
https://www.garvan.org.au/people/vanhay
Primary Areas of Expertise:
Evolution, Genetics, Genomics
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text:
Belief & Creed
Sunni & Shi'a
Resurrection & Afterlife
God & His Attributes
Prophethood & Imamate
Spirituality & Philosophy
Hadith Sciences
Hadith Collections
Qur'an Commentaries
Art, Images and Calligraphy
The 12 Imams
Fatima al-Zahra
Early Islamic History
Imam al-Husayn and Karbala
Imam al-Mahdi
Laws & Worship
Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Zakat and Khums (Charity)
Islamic Laws
Hijab (Islamic Modest Dress)
Salaat (Ritual Prayer)
Then I was Guided
Muhammad al-Tijani al-Samawi
A Brief Look at My Life
The Pilgrimage to the House of Allah
In Egypt
A Meeting on Board the Ship
My First Visit to Iraq
Abdul Qadir al-Jilani and Musa al-Kazim
Skepticism and Questioning
The Visit to al Najaf
A Meeting with the Al Ulama' (The Learned Men)
A Meeting with Al Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al Sadr
Skepticism and Perplexity
The Journey to Hijaz
The Beginning of the Research
The Companions of the Prophet as seen by the Shi'a and the Sunnis
The Companions at the Peace Treaty of al Hudaibiyah
The Companions and the Raziyat Yawm al Khamis (The Calamity of Thursday)
The Companions in the Military Detachment under Usamah
The Opinion of the Quran regarding the Companions
1. The turning back verse
2. The Holy War (Jihad) Verse
3. The Submissiveness
The Opinion of the Messenger regarding the Companions
1. The hadith of the Pool
2. The hadith of the Competition of the World
The Opinion of the Companions about Each Other
1. Their testimony that they themselves have changed the tradition of the Prophet
2. The Companions even made changes in Prayers
3. The Companions Testify against themselves
4. The testimony of the Shaykhan against themselves
The Beginning of the Change
A Dialogue With a Scholar
The Reasons Behind the Enlightment
1. The text regarding the succession to the Caliphate
2. The disagreement between Fatimah and Abu Bakr
3. ''Ali was more entitled to the leadership
4. The Prophetic traditions which indicate that 'Ali should be followed
The Correct Prophetic Traditions Which Indicate the Fact that it is Compulsory to Follow the Ahl al Bayt
1. The Prophetic tradition of the two weighty things
2. The Prophetic tradition of the Ship
3. The Prophetic tradition: "He who wishes to live like me."
Our Misfortune Regarding Ijtihad Against the Texts
An Invitation to Friends to Join the Research
The Guidance of Truth
The References
Books of Tafsir
Books on Hadith
Books on History
Books on Sirah
The messenger of Allah (saw) said: "O People, I leave amongst you two things which if you follow, you will never go astray. They are the Book of Allah and my Ahl al-Bayt (family).
He also said: The messenger of my God is about to come to me and I shall answer. I am leaving with you the two weighty things: The first is the Book of Allah, in which you find guidance and enlightenment, and the people of my household. I remind you, by Allah, of the people of my household...I remind you by Allah of the people of my household."1
If we examine with some care this honorable tradition, which has been cited by the Sihahs of the Sunnis and al-Jamaah, we will find that the Shiites alone followed the two weighty things: "The Book of Allah and honorable members of the Prophet's Household." On the other hand, the Sunnis and al-Jamaah followed the saying of Umar "The Book of Allah is sufficient for us", but I wish they had followed the Book of Allah without interpreting it in their own ways.
If Umar himself did not understand the meaning of al-Kalalah and did not know the Qur'anic verse regarding the Tayammum and other rules, so how about those who came later and followed him without the ability to interpret the Qur'anic texts?
Naturally they will answer me with their own quoted saying, and that is: "I have left with you the Book of Allah and my tradition (Sunnah)."2
This tradition, if it were correct, and it is correct in its general meaning, would correspond to the tradition of the two weighty things, because when the Prophet(saw) talked about his Household (Ahl al-Bayt) he meant that they should be consulted for two reasons. Firstly, to teach the tradition (Sunnah), or to transmit to people the correct tradition because they are cleared from telling any lies, and because Allah, praise be to Him, made them infallible in the purification verse.
Secondly to explain and interpret the meanings and aims of the tradition, because the Book of Allah is not enough for guidance; There are many parties who claim to follow the Qur'an but in actual fact they have gone astray, and the Messenger of Allah said, "How many are the readers of the Qur'an whom the Qur'an curses!"
The Book of Allah is silent and could be interpreted in various ways, and it contains what is vague and what is similar, and to understand it we have to refer to those who are well endowed with knowledge as regards the Qur'an, and to Ahl al-Bayt, as regards to the Prophet's traditions.
The Shiites referred everything to the infallible Imams of Ahl al-Bayt (the Prophet's Household), and they did not interpret anything unless it had a supporting text.
We refer in every case to the Companions, whether it concerns Qur'anic commentary or the confirmation of the Sunnah and its explanation, and we know about the Companions and their interpretations and their personal opinions vies-a-vies the clear texts, and there are hundreds of them, so we cannot rely upon them after what they have done.
If we ask our religious leaders, "Which Sunnah do you follow?" They answer categorically, "The Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah!"
But the historical facts are incompatible with that, for they claim that the Messenger of Allah said, "Take my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs after me. Hold firmly to it." But the Sunnah they follow is often the Sunnah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, and even the Messenger's Sunnah which they claim to follow is in fact transmitted by those people.
However, we read in our Sihahs that the Messenger of Allah prevented them from writing his Sunnah so that it was not confused with the Qur'an. Abu Bakr and Umar did the same thing during their caliphate; we therefore have no proof for the saying, "I left you my Sunnah."3
The examples that I have cited in this study, besides many that I have not mentioned, are enough to refute this saying, because there are elements in the Sunnah of Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman which contradict and negate the Prophet's Sunnah, as is so apparent.
The first incident that took place immediately after the death of the Messenger of Allah, which the Sunnis as well as the historians recorded, was the argument between Fatimah al-Zahra and Abu Bakr regarding the alleged saying, "We, the prophets, do not leave an inheritance, all that we leave behind should go to charity."
Fatimah denied and refuted this saying, with the support of the Book of Allah, and protested against Abu Bakr's allegation and said that her father, the Messenger of Allah, could not contradict the Book of Allah which was revealed to him, for Allah, praise be to Him the Most High, said:
"Allah enjoins you concerning your children. The male shall have the equal of the portion of two females..." (Holy Qur'an 4:11).
This Qur'anic verse is general and is applicable to prophets and non-prophets alike.
She also protested with the following words of the most High:
"And Sulaiman was Dawood's heir" (Holy Qur an 27:16),
and both of them were prophets. Allah, Glory be to Him, also said:
"...Grant me from Thyself an heir, who should inherit from me and inherit from the children of Yaqub, and make him, my Lord, one with whom You are well pleased." (Holy Qur'an 19:5-6)
The second incident that involved Abu Bakr during the early days of his caliphate, which the Sunni historians recorded, was his disagreement with the nearest of all people to him, Umar ibn al-Khattab. The incident revolves around Abu Bakr's decision to fight those who refused to pay Zakat (alms) and kill them, but Umar protested and advised him not to fight them because he had heard the Messenger of Allah saying: I have been ordered to fight the people until they say, "There is no other god but Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." And he who says it can keep his wealth to himself and I have no right to his (blood), and he is accountable to Allah.
This is a text cited by Muslim in his Sahih: "The Messenger of Allah (saw) gave the flag to 'Ali on the Day of Khayber, and 'Ali said, 'O Messenger of Allah, what am I fighting them for?' The Messenger of Allah replied, 'Fight them until they testify that there is no other god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and if they do that then they will prevent you from killing them and taking their wealth, except by justice, and they will be accountable to Allah.'4
But Abu Bakr was not satisfied with this tradition and said: "By Allah, I will fight those who differentiate between the prayers and Zakat because Zakat is justly charged on wealth." And also said: "By Allah if they refuse me a rope which they used to give to the Messenger of Allah. I will fight them for it." After that Umar ibn al-Khattab was satisfied and said, "As soon as I saw Abu Bakr determined I felt very pleased."
I do not know how Allah could please somebody who is preventing the tradition of the Prophet. This interpretation was used to justify their fight against Muslims although Allah had prohibited making war against them, and Allah said in His Glorious Book:
O You who believe! When you go to war in Allah's way, make investigation, and do not say to anyone who offers you peace, "You are not a believer." Do you seek the goods of this world's life? But with Allah there are abundant gains, you too were such before, then Allah conferred a benefit on you; therefore make investigation surely Allah is aware of what you do." (Holy Qur'an 4:94)
Those who refused to give Abu Bakr their Zakat did not deny its necessity, but they only delayed it to investigate the matter. The Shiites say that these people were surprised by the succession of Abu Bakr, and some of them had been present with the Messenger of Allah at the Farewell Pilgrimage and had heard the text in which he mentioned 'Ali ibn Abi Talib. Therefore they decided to wait for a while until they obtained a clarification as to what had happened, but Abu Bakr wanted to silence them lest they spoke the truth. Because I do not reason with nor protest against what the Shiites say, I will leave this issue to somebody who is interested in it.
However, I should not forget to note here that the Messenger of Allah (saw) had an encounter with Tha'alabah who asked him repeatedly to pray for him to be rich and he promised Allah to give alms. The Messenger of Allah prayed for him and Tha'alabah became so rich that his sheep and camels filled al-Medinah, and he started to neglect his duties and stopped attending the Friday Prayers. When the Messenger of Allah sent some officials to collect the Zakat, he refused to give them anything saying that it was a Jiziah (head tax on free non-Muslims under Muslim rule) or similar to it, but the Messenger of Allah did not fight him nor did he order his killing, and Allah revealed the following verse about him:
"And there are those of them who made a covenant with Allah. If He gives us out of His Grace, we will certainly give alms and we will certainly be of the good. But when He gave them out of His Grace, they became niggardly of it and they turned back and they withdrew."(Holy Qur'an 9:75-76)
After the revelation of the above Quranic verse, Tha'alabah came to the Messenger of Allah crying and asked him to accept his Zakat, but the Messenger of Allah refused to accept it, according to the story.
If Abu Bakr and Umar were following the tradition of the Messenger why did they allow the killing of all these innocent Muslims just because they refused to pay the Zakat?
As for those apologists who were trying to correct Abu Bakr's mistake when he interpreted the Zakat as a just tax on wealth, there is no excuse for them nor for Abu Bakr after considering the story of Tha'alabah who withheld the Zakat and thought of it as "Jiziah". Who knows, perhaps Abu Bakr persuaded his friend Umar to kill those who refused to pay the Zakat because otherwise their call would have spread throughout the Islamic world to revive al-Ghadir's text in which 'Ali was confirmed as successor (to the Messenger of Allah). Thus Umar ibn al-Khattab wanted to fight them, and it was he who threatened to kill and burn those who remained in Fatimah's house in order to extract the acclamation from them for his friend.
The third incident which took place during the early days of Abu Bakr's caliphate in which he found himself in disagreement with Umar, and for which certain Qur'anic and Prophetic texts were interpreted, was that of Khalid ibn al-Walid who killed Malik ibn Nuwayrah and took his wife and married her on the same day. Umar said to Khalid, O enemy of Allah, you killed a Muslim man, then you took his wife ... by Allah, I will stone you."5
But Abu Bakr defended Khalid, and said, "O Umar, forgive him, he made a mistake, but do not rebuke him."
This is another scandal that history has recorded for a prominent Companion, and when we talk about him, we talk with respect and reverence; we even gave him the title 'The ever drawn sword of Allah." What can I say about a Companion who did all that? Who killed Malik ibn Nuwayrah, the honorable Companion, leader of Bani Tamin and Bani Yarbu, famous for his courage and generosity, and furthermore the historians tell us that Khalid killed Malik and his followers after they put down their arms and stood together to pray.
They were tied by ropes and with them were Leyla bint al-Minhal, wife of Malik, who was considered to be one of the most beautiful Arab ladies of her time, and Khalid was captured by her beauty. Malik said, "O Khalid, send us to Abu Bakr and he will be our judge." And Abdullah ibn Umar together with Abu Qutadah al-Ansari intervened and urged Khalid to send them to Abu Bakr, but he refused and said, "Allah will never forgive me if I do not kill him."
Malik then turned to his wife Leyla and said, "This is the one who will kill me." After that Khalid ordered his execution and took his wife Leyla and married her that very night.6
What can I say about those Companions who trespassed on what Allah deemed to be forbidden; they killed Muslims because of personal whims and permitted themselves to have women that Allah had forbidden us to have. In Islam, a widow cannot be wed by another man before a definite period of time had elapsed, and this period of time has been specified by Allah in His Glorious Book.
But Khalid followed his whims and debased himself, for what would this period of time ('Iddah) mean to him after he had already killed her husband and his followers despite the fact that they were Muslims. Abdullah ibn Umar and Abu Qutadah have testified to this, and the latter became so angry about Khalid's behaviour that he returned to al-Medinah and swore that he would never serve in an army led by Khalid ibn al-Walid.7
As we are talking about this famous incident, it is worth looking at what Haykal said in his book "al-Siddiq Abu Bakr" in a chapter entitled "The opinion of Umar and his reasoning on the subject matter": "Umar, who was an ideal example of firm justice, saw that Khalid had dealt unjustly with another Muslim man and took his widow before the end of her ('Iddah), therefore he should not stay in command of the army. So that no such incident would be repeated again and spoil the affairs of the Muslims and give them a bad name amongst the Arabs, he said, 'It is not right to leave him unpunished after his affair with Leyla.'
Let us suppose that it was right that he passed a judgment on Malik but got it wrong, which was something Umar would not permit, what he had done with his widow alone would have meant that he had to be brought to justice.
Furthermore, being the "sword of Allah" and the commander of the victorious army, did not give him the right to do what he had done, otherwise people like Khalid would abuse the law. Worse still, they would be bad examples for all Muslims on how to respect the Book of Allah. Thus Umar kept the pressure on Abu Bakr until he recalled Khalid and rebuked him."8
May we ask Mr. Haykel and his like from our scholars, who would compromise in order to preserve the honor of the Companions: Why did Abu Bakr not bring Khalid to justice? And if Umar was an ideal example of firm justice, as Haykel puts it, why did he only remove him from the command of the army, and not bring him to justice so that he would not be a bad example for all Muslims of how to respect the Book of Allah, as he said. And did they respect the Book of Allah and discharge the laws of Allah? Nay! It was politics! It does wonders; it changes the truth and throws the Qur'anic texts over the wall.
Some of our scholars tell us in their books that the Messenger of Allah (saw) once became very angry when Usamah tried to mediate on behalf of an honorable woman accused of stealing, and the Messenger said, "Woe unto you! Do you mediate about one of the laws of Allah? By Allah if it was Fatimah the daughter of Muhammad, I would cut her hand. He destroyed those before you because they would let the thief go if he was an honorable person, but would bring him to justice if he was a weak one."
How could they be silent about the killing of the innocent Muslims, and the marriage of their widows on the same night despite the tragic loss of their husbands? I wish they had remained silent! But they try to justify Khalid's misdeed by inventing various virtues for him, they even called him "The ever drawn sword of Allah" I remember being surprised by a friend of mine, who used to like joking and changing the meaning of the words, when I mentioned the virtues of Khalid ibn al-Walid during my days of ignorance and called him "The ever drawn sword of Allah." He replied, "He is the crippled sword of the devil!"
I was surprised then, but after my research, Allah has opened my eyes and helped me to know the true value of those who seized the caliphate, changed the laws of Allah and violated the boundaries of Allah.
There is a famous story about Khalid which happened during the lifetime of the Prophet who sent him on a mission to Bani Judhaymah to call them to Islam, but did not order him to fight them. But they did not declare their Islam very well, instead they said, "We are turning to... we are turning (to Islam)." As a result Khalid started to kill them and took prisoners from them, and pushed them towards his friends whom he ordered to kill those prisoners.
But some of his friends refused to do what they were told because they realized that these people had been truly converted to Islam, and they went back and told the Prophet what had happened. He said. "O Allah I am innocent of Khalid's deed." He said it twice,9 and then sent 'Ali ibn Abi Talib to Bani Judhaymah with money to pay compensation for their dead and for the loss of their wealth, even down to a dog. The Messenger of Allah stood up and faced the Qiblah (the direction of al- Ka'ba) and raised his hands to the sky then said, "O Allah, I am innocent of Khalid's deed three times."10
May we ask where the alleged fairness of the Companions, which these people claim to have had, is? If Khalid ibn al-Walid, who is considered to be one of our greatest military leaders, was the sword of Allah, does that mean that Allah drew his sword to kill the innocent Muslims and to violate the integrity of people? There is a clear contradiction here, because Allah forbids the killing of human beings and prohibits the committing of vile deeds, but Khalid seems to have drawn the sword of injustice to kill innocent Muslims and to confiscate their wealth and to take their women.
There is a blatant lie and a clear deception. Praise and thanks he upon You our God, Blessed be You the Most High, Praise be upon You, You did not create the skies and the earth and what is in between them unjustly. These are the doubts of those who blaspheme. Woe to those who committed blasphemy, for Hell is awaiting them. How did Abu Bakr, who was the caliph of the Muslims, allow himself to listen to all these crimes and be silent about them?
Moreover he asked Umar to stop attacking Khalid and was very angry at Abu Qutadah because he protested strongly about Khalid's action. Was he convinced that Khalid had passed a judgment but got it wrong? What excuse could be given to those corrupt criminals who violated human integrity and claimed to have passed judgment? I do not think that Abu Bakr was trying to pass judgment on Khalid who Umar ibn al-Khattab called "The enemy of Allah".
Umar thought that Khalid should be killed because he had killed an innocent Muslim, or be subjected to a hell of stones because he had committed adultery with Leyla, the widow of Malik. But nothing like that happened to Khalid; rather he defeated Umar because he had the full support of Abu Bakr who knew the whole truth about Khalid more than anybody else.
Historians have recorded that after this terrible misdeed, Abu Bakr sent Khalid on a mission to al-Yamamah, from which he came out victorious and subsequently married a girl from there in the same way as he had Leyla, before the blood of those innocent Muslims and the blood of the followers of Musaylama had dried. Later, Abu Bakr rebuked him about what he had done and used stronger words than those he used during the affair of Leyla.11
Undoubtedly, this girl's husband was killed by Khalid who took her for himself, in the same way as he had Leyla, the widow of Malik. It must have been so, otherwise Abu Bakr would not have rebuked him using stronger words than the previous event. The historians mention the text of the letter which Abu Bakr sent to Khalid ibn al-Walid in which he said: "O Ibn Umm Khalid. Upon my life you are doing nothing but marrying women, and in the yard of your house there is the blood of one thousand two hundred Muslims yet to dry!".12 When Khalid read the letter, he commented, "This must be the work of al-A'sar" meaning Umar ibn al-Khattab.
These are the strong facts that made me shun these types of Companions, and their followers who support them and defend them eagerly and invent various texts and stories to justify the deeds of Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Khalid ibn al-Walid, Muawiyah, Amr ibn al-As and their brethren. O Allah! I am innocent of the deeds and the sayings of those people who opposed Your rules, violated Your prohibitions and trespassed on Your territories. I am innocent of their followers and their supporters, despite their full knowledge of the latter's misdeeds, forgive me for my previous support for them because I was ignorant and Your Messenger said: "He who does not know (the ignorant) cannot be excused for his ignorance."
O Allah! Our leaders have led us astray and veiled the truth from us and presented us with distorted pictures of those renegade Companions and led us to believe that they were the best people after Your Messenger. There is no doubt that our forefathers were victims of the deception and the intrigues of the Umayyads and later the Abbasids.
O Allah! Forgive them and forgive us because You know what is in our inner souls. They loved and respected those Companions out of goodwill assuming that they were supporters of Your Messenger, may Your blessings and peace be upon him and upon those who love him. You know, my Lord their and our love for the purified family, the Imams whom You cleansed and purified and, at their head, the master of all Muslims, the Commander of the Believers, chief of the singularly radiant, Imam of all those who fear Allah our lord 'Ali ibn Abi Talib.
O Allah! Let me be one of their followers who have committed themselves to their cause and followed their path. Let me be on their ship and help me to hold on to their strong link. Let me enter their doors and assist me in dedication to their love, help me to follow their words and their deeds, and let me be grateful to their virtues. O Allah! Let me be with them, for Your Prophet (saw) said, "Man is assembled together (on the day of Judgment) with those whom he loves."
The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: "Behold! My Ahl al-Bayt are like the Ark of Noah, whoever embarked in it was saved, and whoever turned away from it was drowned."13
He also said: "My Ahl al-Bayt are like the Gate of Repentance of the children of Israel; whoever entered therein was forgiven."14
Ibn Hajjar cited the above tradition in his book "Al-Sawa'iq al-Mahriqa" and gave the following commentary: The idea behind comparing them with the Ark (ship) is to say that whoever loves them and reveres them as a sign of his gratitude for their graces, and whoever is guided by their learned people, will be saved from the darkness of contradictions. On the other hand whoever decides to stay behind, will sink in the sea of ingratitude and will be destroyed in the wilderness of tyranny. The reason for comparing Ahl al-Bayt with the Gate of Repentance is that Allah - the Most High - made the Gate of Repentance (the Gate of Jericho or Jerusalem) a sign of His forgiveness. Similarly, Ahl al-Bayt are the means of Repentance for this nation.
I wish I could ask Ibn Hajjar if he was one of those who went on board the ship and entered the door and was guided by the religious leaders (Ulama), or was he one of those who order what they do not do in practice and contradict their belief. There are many of those unfair people when I ask them or argue with them they say. "We are in a more favorable situation vies-a-vies Ahl al-Bayt and lmam 'Ali than others, we respect and appreciate Ahl al Bayt and nobody can deny their graces and their virtues."
Yes, they say with their tongues what is not in their hearts, or they respect them and appreciate them but follow and imitate their enemies who fought them and contradicted them, or even perhaps on many occasions do not know who Ahl al-Bayt are, and if you ask them who Ahl al-Bayt are, they answer you immediately, "they are the Prophet's wives from whom Allah kept the dirt away and purified them." When I addressed the question to one of those people, he solved the puzzle by giving me the following answer, "All the Sunni people and al-Jama'ah follow Ahl al-Bayt." I was surprised and said, "How could that be?" He answered, "The Messenger of Allah said that we should take half of our religion from this Humayra, meaning Aisha, therefore we took half of the religion from Ahl al-Bayt."
On this basis one could understand their respect and appreciation for Ahl al-Bayt, but when you ask them about the twelve Imams they would only know 'Ali, al-Hasan and al-Husayn from them, and they would not accept the Imamate of al-Hasan nor al-Husayn. Besides, they respect Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan who poisoned al-Hasan and killed him (they call Muawiyah "The writer of the Revelations"), and they also respect Amr ibn al-As in the same way as they respect Imam 'Ali.
This is nothing but contradictions and confusion and an attempt to cover the right with the wrong and the light with darkness. For how could the heart of the believer contain the love of Allah and the devil at the same time, and Allah said in His Glorious Book:
"You shall not find a people who believe in Allah and the Latter day befriending those who act in opposition to Allah and His Messenger, even though they were their (own) fathers, or their sons or their brothers or their kinsfolk; these are they into whose hearts He has impressed faith and whom He has strengthened with an inspiration from Him: and He will cause them to enter gardens beneath which rivers flow abiding therein; Allah is well-pleased with them and they are well-pleased with Him; these are Allah's party: now surely the party of Allah are the successful ones." (Holy Qur'an 58:22).
Allah also said:
"O You who believe! Do not take My enemy and your enemy for friends. Would you offer them love while they deny what has come to you of truth?" (Holy Qur'an 60:1).
The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: "Whoever wishes to live and die like me, and to abide in the Garden of Eden after death should acknowledge 'Ali as his patron and follow Ahl al-Bayt after me, for they are my Ahl al-Bayt and they have been created out of the same knowledge and understanding as myself. Woe unto those followers of mine who will deny the Ahl al-Bayt their distinctions and who will disregard their relationship and affinity with me. May Allah never let them benefit from my intercession."15
As you can see, the above tradition is one of those clear sayings which do not require any interpretation, nor indeed gives any scope for the Muslims to choose, rather, it eliminates any excuse. If he does not follow 'Ali and acknowledge Ahl al-Bayt, the Prophet's Family he will be deprived of the mediation of their grandfather, the Messenger of Allah (saw). It is worth noting here that at the early stage of my research, I felt doubtful about the authenticity of this tradition and I thought it carried a great threat to those who are not in agreement with 'Ali and Ahl al-Bayt, especially when the tradition does not allow any scope for interpretation.
I became rather worried when I read the book "Al- lsabah" in which Ibn Hajjar al-Asqalani gives the following commentary on the tradition: "I based the tradition on what Yahya ibn Ya'la al-Muharibi had said, and he is feeble." In fact Ibn Hajjar removed some of the doubt that remained in my minds for I thought that Yahya ibn Ya'la al-Muharihi fabricated the tradition and could not be a reliable transmitter.
But Allah - Praise be to Him the Most High - wanted to show me the whole truth. I read a hook entitled Ideological discussions on the writings of Ibrahim al-Jabhan.16 This book clarified the situation and it became apparent to me that Yahya ibn Ya'la al-Muharibi was a reliable transmitter of Hadith and the two Shaykhs, Muslim and al-Bukhari depended on what he transmitted. I myself followed his case and found that al-Bukhari cited a few traditions transmitted by him regarding the batttle of al-Hudaybiyah, and they were put in Volume 3, Page 31.
Muslim also cited a few traditions in his Sahih Volume 5 in a chapter entitled "The Boundaries" Page 119. Even al-Dhahabi, with all his restrictions, considered him a reliable transmitter, together with the Imams of al-Jurh and al-Ta'deel (criteria applied to Hadiths to find out the reliable and unreliable transmitter), and of course the two Shaykhs (Muslim and al-Bukhari) used him as a reliable reference. So why all this intrigue, falsification and deception about a man who was considered to be a reliable transmitter by the authors of al-Sihah? Is it because he told the truth regarding the necessity to follow Ahl al-Bayt, and was therefore branded by Ibn Hajjar as feeble and weak?
It seems that Ibn Hajjar was unaware of the fact that his writings would become subject to the security of some highly dedicated scholars and that he would be accountable to them for all what he had written. These scholars were able to uncover his prejudice and ignorance because they were guided by the light of the Prophet and Ahl al-Bayt.
I realized later that some of our scholars try hard to cover the truth so that the affairs of the Companions and the caliphs, who were considered to be their leaders and mentors, remain unknown. We see them trying to interpret the correct tradition in their own ways and give them different meanings, or they deny the traditions that contradict their creed, even if they were mentioned in their own books and Sihahs.
At times they remove half or one-third of the prophetic tradition to replace it with something else! Or they may throw doubts about the reliable narrators (of the tradition) because they raise issues that are not to their liking, and on a few occasions they publish them in the first edition (of a book) but remove it from the subsequent editions without giving any indication to justify their action, in spite of the full knowledge of the intelligent readers as to why the saying has been removed!
I have become aware of all these things after conducting meticulous research and investigation, and I have convincing proof to support what I am saying. I wish they would stop giving me all these excuses to justify the actions of those Companions who turned back on their heels, because their views seem to contradict each other and contradict the historical fact. I wish they would follow the just path, even if it was a bitter one, then they would leave their minds and the minds of others in peace.
They claim that some of the early Companions were not reliable transmitters of the Prophet's tradition; therefore they removed what they did not like, especially if these traditions included some of the last instructions of the Messenger of Allah before his death.
Al-Bukhari and Muslim both write about the fact that the Messenger of Allah advised three things on his death-bed:
• Remove all the polytheists from the Arabian Peninsula
• Reward the delegation in the same way as I have done and the narrator then said: "I forgot the third."17
It is possible that those Companions who were present at the death-bed and heard the three instructions forgot the third one, when we know that they used to learn by heart a whole epic after hearing it once? No. It is politics that forced them to forget it and not to mention it again. This is indeed another of those comedies organized by the Companions, because there is no doubt what the first instruction of the Messenger of Allah was to appoint 'Ali as his successor, but the narrator did not recite it.
The person who is involved with the investigation about this issue will inevitably sense the undoubtable recommendation for the succession of 'Ali despite all the attempts to cover it or to remove it. Al-Bukhari cited it in his Sahih in a chapter entitled "Al-Wasaya" (The Legacies or the Recommendations); Muslim also cited it in his Sahih and said that the Prophet recommended 'Ali for the succession in the presence of Aisha.18 Look how Allah shows His light even if the oppressors try to cover it.
I repeat here what I said before; if those Companions were not reliable enough to transmit the recommendations of the Messenger of Allah, then we cannot blame the followers and those who came after them.
If Aisha, the mother of the faithful, could not bear mentioning the name of 'Ali and could not wish him any good, as Ibn Sa'd writes in his Tabaqat,19 and al-Bukhari in his Sahih in a chapter entitled "The illness of the Prophet and his death", and if she prostrated herself to thank Allah when she heard the news of 'Ali's death, then how can we expect her to mention the recommendation in favor of 'Ali, when she was known, publicly and privately, for her animosity and hatred towards 'Ali and his sons and towards all the Family of the Prophet. Behold! There is no might or power except in Allah the Most High, the Great.
1. Sahih, Muslim, Chapter on the Virtues of Imam 'Ali (as), vol 5 p 122, Sahih, al Tirmdhi, vol 5 p 328, Mustadrak, al Hakim, vol 3 p 148 Musnad, Ahmed Hanbal, vol 3 p 17
2. The saying is cited in al Nisa'i, al Tirmdhi, Ibn Majah and Abu Dawood
3. The term 'my Sunnah' does NOT appear in all the six sihahs. It appears in al Muwatta by Malik ibn Anas, some of the subsequent writers, such as al Tabari and Ibn Hisham referred to the saying as transmitted by Malik.
4. Muslim, Sahih, vol 8 p 151
5. Tarikh, Tabari, vol 3 p 280, Tarikh, al Yaqubi, vol 2 p 110, Tarikh, al Fida, vol 1 p 158, al Isabah fi Marifat as Sahabah, vol 3 p 336
6. Tarikh, al Fida, vol 1 p 158, Tarikh, al Yaqubi, vol 2 p 110, Tarikh, Ibn al Shinanah, vol 11 p 114 (On the margin of al Kamil, vol 2 p 114)
7. Tarikh, Tabari, vol 3 p 280, Tarikh, al Fida, vol 3 p 336, Tarikh, al Yaqubi, vol 2 p 110
8. Al Siddiq al Akbar, Haykal, p 151
9. Sahih, Bukhari, vol 4 p 171
10. Sirah, Ibn Hisham, vol 4 p 53, Tabaqat, Ibn Sa'd, Usud al Ghabah, vol 3 p 102
11. Al Siddiq al Akbar, Haykal. p 151
12. Tarikh, Tabari, vol 3 p 254, Tarikh al Khamis, vol 3 p 343
13. Mustadrak, al Hakim, vol 3 p 151
Yanabi Muwaddah, Qundoozi Hanafi, p 30, 370 , al Sawaiq al Muhriqah, Ibn Hajjar, p 184, 234, Majmaa al-Zawaed, al-Haithami, v9, p168
14. 1. Majmaa al-Zawaed, al-Haithami, v9, p168, 2. al-Sawaeq al-Muhriqa, ibn Hajjar al-Haithami, p193 also in:, 3. Noor al-Absar, al-Shiblinji, 4. al-Ifrad, al-Darqutni
15. Mustadrak, al Hakim, vol 3 p 128, Kanz al Ummal, vol 6 p 155, al Manaqib, Khawarizmi, p 34, Yanabi al Muwaddah, p 149, Tarikh, Ibn Asakir, vol 2 p 95, Hilyat al Awlia, vol 1 p 86 Al Jami al Kabir, al Tabrani and al Isabah, Ibn Hajjar
16. Mubaqasha Aqa diyya fi Maqdat Ibrahim al Jabhan, p 29
17. Sahih, Bukhari, vol 7 p 121, Sahih, Muslim, vol 5 p 75
18. Sahih, Bukhari, vol 3 p 68, Sahih, Muslim, vol 2 p 14
19. Tabaqat, Ibn Sa'd, vol 2 p 29
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In February 2007, the Iles Eparses became an integral part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (TAAF). The Southern Lands are now divided into five administrative districts, two of which are archipelagos, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen; the third is a district composed of two volcanic islands, Ile Saint-Paul and Ile Amsterdam; the fourth, Iles Eparses, consists of five scattered tropical islands around Madagascar. They contain no permanent inhabitants and are visited only by researchers studying the native fauna, scientists at the various scientific stations, fishermen, and military personnel. The fifth district is the Antarctic portion, which consists of "Adelie Land," a thin slice of the Antarctic continent discovered and claimed by the French in 1840. Ile Amsterdam: Discovered but not named in 1522 by the Spanish, the island subsequently received the appellation of Nieuw Amsterdam from a Dutchman; it was claimed by France in 1843. A short-lived attempt at cattle farming began in 1871. A French meteorological station established on the island in 1949 is still in use. Ile Saint Paul: Claimed by France since 1893, the island was a fishing industry center from 1843 to 1914. In 1928, a spiny lobster cannery was established, but when the company went bankrupt in 1931, seven workers were abandoned. Only two survived until 1934 when rescue finally arrived. Iles Crozet: A large archipelago formed from the Crozet Plateau, Iles Crozet is divided into two main groups: L'Occidental (the West), which includes Ile aux Cochons, Ilots des Apotres, Ile des Pingouins, and the reefs Brisants de l'Heroine; and L'Oriental (the East), which includes Ile d'Est and Ile de la Possession (the largest island of the Crozets). Discovered and claimed by France in 1772, the islands were used for seal hunting and as a base for whaling. Originally administered as a dependency of Madagascar, they became part of the TAAF in 1955. Iles Kerguelen: This island group, discovered in 1772, consists of one large island (Ile Kerguelen) and about 300 smaller islands. A permanent group of 50 to 100 scientists resides at the main base at Port-aux-Francais. Adelie Land: The only non-insular district of the TAAF is the Antarctic claim known as "Adelie Land." The US Government does not recognize it as a French dependency. Bassas da India: A French possession since 1897, this atoll is a volcanic rock surrounded by reefs and is awash at high tide. Europa Island: This heavily wooded island has been a French possession since 1897; it is the site of a small military garrison that staffs a weather station. Glorioso Islands: A French possession since 1892, the Glorioso Islands are composed of two lushly vegetated coral islands (Ile Glorieuse and Ile du Lys) and three rock islets. A military garrison operates a weather and radio station on Ile Glorieuse. Juan de Nova Island: Named after a famous 15th-century Spanish navigator and explorer, the island has been a French possession since 1897. It has been exploited for its guano and phosphate. Presently a small military garrison oversees a meteorological station. Tromelin Island: First explored by the French in 1776, the island came under the jurisdiction of Reunion in 1814. At present, it serves as a sea turtle sanctuary and is the site of an important meteorological station.
Location: southeast and east of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, some near Madagascar and others about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands include Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land"
Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations, military bases, and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion.


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Personalisation isn't just about honouring the individuality of the one you love. It also allows family and friends to feel connected to the services and the life being honoured. Personalising a funeral makes it meaningful to those left behind.
We work closely with you and your family to get to know the life story of those you love so we can make their services as personal and meaningful as possible.
Life Tribute Videos
We'll create a one-of-a-kind Tribute Video by combining family photographs and video, music of your choice, and professional effects to reflect a lifetime during the service. This video also is available online and as a DVD and USB to provide a meaningful keepsake after the ceremony is over.
Our high-quality stationery includes unlimited themes you can choose from to honour those you love. Common options include orders of service, thank you cards, bookmarks, or a large custom print. You can download our stationery options booklet or we can help you customise your own solution.
Our online guestbook is a new and improved way to record messages and memories. Available on our website, friends and family who cannot make it to the funeral are able to share their thoughts and wishes. You can add photos, videos and other links which help record special memories and life moments. All family and friends can return here when they need to, because grief doesn't stop with the funeral.
Expression Coffins
Our large range of caskets and coffins include Australian-made Expressions Coffins. These are stunning modern, image-wrapped coffins which can be made with your own custom images. You can choose make any design you wish to help make the funeral personal and meaningful, such as a favourite holiday destination, sport or hobby.
In all aspects of life are used to convey love, facilitate expression, provide meaning, and communicate emotions that words fail to capture. Selecting specific flowers that have importance and meaning to you helps have an even greater impact. Our partner florist Flowers Vasette will happily work with you to design a unique special arrangement. The choice of flower can hold specific significance, such as Australian natives to remember the times caravanning and camping or exotic orchids to reflect a memorable holiday. Don't feel limited to flowers – arrangements of other items including food or toys may be more special to you. Learn more about floral tributes here.
Listening to music heightens the senses in a very personal way. It affects the way you feel. Live music in particular has great impact, be it a bagpiper, a New Orleans-style jazz band, a vocalist or a cellist. A favourite song played at the funeral, whether Elvis Presley, Marina Prior or Monty Python, helps to reflect the personality of the one who died.
Traditionally families held funerals at churches and cemeteries. Today funerals can be held anywhere. Our funeral homes can be set up to suit your own tailored needs. Alternatively some families choose to hold funerals at venues that have meaning to them, such as a family home, a boathouse alongside a river, a reception centre or racecourse. We are expert at conducting funerals at any type of unique venue.
Table of Memories
Where words are inadequate, we use symbols to express ourselves. A table of memories with symbols and items that are meaningful is a wonderful expression at a funeral. Individual items such as photos, books, memorabilia, collections or artwork. The items can then be part of the ceremony, enabling family and friends to participate in their own way. A grandchild could bring their favourite storybook read to them by their grandparent, or a friend could display a tennis ball from their many games together. To heal in grief, it is important to remember the person who died.
Share the stories that matter most to you and those you love with our Have the Talk of a Lifetime program. It is designed to help families share meaningful memories and stories with each other. By connecting with the person's life story when they are still alive, when it comes to arranging their funeral, you will already know how it should be personalised.


Additional information is included on the entry form, found in the September issue of The Louisiana Musician or on this website.
Solo and small ensemble events are provided for the students of teachers who are members in good standing of NAfME/LMEA. Only students attending the participating school are eligible to perform. The only exceptions are students from a certified parish group and students of an eligible private teacher.
Vocalists may participate in no more than one solo and two ensembles for an assessment rating.
Instrumentalists may participate in no more than one solo and two ensembles on a given instrument for an assessment rating.
Vocal music should be selected from traditional vocal literature, including folk music or spirituals. Broadway, pop music, and similar styles are not acceptable.
A vocal soloist is required to perform from memory or be rated one division lower. Memorization for all other events is optional.
Instrumentalists are not required to perform from memory in either a solo or small ensemble event.
Each event must provide an original copy of the performance selection (with the measures numbered) for the judge. Duplication of scores is not allowed unless accompanied by written permission from the copyright owner.
Parish groups must be certified by the parish superintendent or his representative.
The students of a private teacher need only the certification of their teacher.
Entries from different schools should be listed on separate forms properly certified by the respective principals.
Ratings will be designated as I, II, III, IV, and V.


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home » how-you-can-help » help-fund-our-work » appeals » Our future? It's in your hands
BTO Owl Appeal
Cuckoo and Nightingale Appeal
Chaffinch Appeal
Operation Wader Appeal
Our future - it's in your hands
Short-eared Owl tracking Appeal
Tracking Arctic Skuas
Past Appeals
Our future? It's in your hands
We are developing our youth engagement programme to find and nurture our surveyors of the future. With your donation we can provide resources to educate, engage and empower. Without the next generation our future is at stake.
Why are the younger generation so important to our mission?
As we get older we find ourselves much more aware of, and often surprised by, the pace of change of the world around us. This is probably true now more than ever. With biodiversity in catastrophic decline and climate change already wreaking havoc around the world, the need to engage young people in our work is urgent. Finding and connecting with the surveyors of tomorrow will put us in a much stronger position to meet these global challenges by growing the number of people who, like us, are inspired by birds and informed by science. But we need your help. To ensure the long-term survival of BTO, and of the UK's birds and the habitats in which they live, we need a step change in our efforts to find and connect with younger people.
We're passionate about helping BTO reach more young people, will you help us? Connor, 25, BTO Youth Advisory Panel member
Our BTO Youth Advisory Panel
To engage young people, we need to listen to young people. We need to understand the barriers they face and hear their ideas about what they think will encourage more young people to become interested and engaged with BTO. Our Youth Advisory Panel was set up to help BTO get better at connecting with younger supporters. Over the course of 2020, our 10 panellists have been working with staff and the BTO Board on an exciting and inclusive Youth Engagement Strategy. They have provided personal insights, conducted market research, and raised the profile of our work, laying the groundwork for plans which will help BTO inspire the next generation of birdwatchers. The vision that the panel has developed for BTO's engagement with young people is: "A diverse, vibrant community of young birders supported by the BTO, with accessible, youth-led opportunities inspiring young people to engage with nature and science."
Are you able to help ensure that the work of BTO continues for generations to come, by giving a donation today? if you would prefer to give us ongoing support, consider becoming a BTO member.
The urban sprawl
BTO's Head and Principal Ecologist, Gavin Siriwardena, explains how the urban landscape is affecting our wild bird populations.
Gulls allowed?
Stories of rampaging 'seagulls' dominate column inches in the holiday season. Our BTO gull experts take a look at the facts behind the headlines.


On December 9, 2013, the Raytown C-2 Board of Education voted to place the "Refresh Raytown Schools" Bond issue on the April 8, 2014 ballot. Raytown voters supported the issue, passing it at nearly 80%. Completed projects were maintenance oriented, and included roofing, plumbing, painting, and electrical repairs and upgrades. The District also placed electronic sign boards outside of all school buildings, built a playable varsity stadium at Raytown South High School, remodeled the baseball/softball fields at Raytown South High School, and built a baseball/softball stadium at Raytown High School. Completed 2014 Bond projects also included secure, line of sight, guided entries at all elementary schools, Herndon Career Center, Northwood School, New Trails Early Learning Center, and Three Trails Preschool. Technology upgrades included a new chiller system. Projects began in the summer of 2014 and concluded in the summer of 2017. The PDF below shows a detailed listing of projects by building; however, it does not include the baseball/softball upgrades at Raytown High and Raytown South High as those projects were added after all other bond projects were completed.


On the Illusion of Scarcity.
One of the things I want to deal with this year is the illusion of scarcity that I have somehow instilled in my mind.
I'm not made of money, but I'm not poor either. True, I've been better off financially, but I've been much worse. And it is perhaps that 'worse' that I'm clinging to, that doesn't let me go.
But if I really had little, would I 'challenge' myself to #100empties? Would I get rid of a tonne of products I never got around to using? Would I own six domain names? Would I have a library full of books?
A drawer of nail polishes?
A vanity full of jewellery and cosmetics?
I've got enough soap to last me a decade, and enough books to last me two lifetimes – ten lifetimes if I include the electronic ones, and they should very well be counted. I don't need to look up another film in at least a year, and I don't need to shop for food for a month. I'm not sure I'll ever go through all the lipsticks that I own, and half of my clothes would probably be destroyed by dust, mould, and moth before I get to wearing them all at least five times.
I hope it doesn't sound like I'm bragging. I'm not. There's no shame in owning the things that you like and even basking in the delusive glory of it all, but there is certainly shame in excess.
Especially if that excess is continuously seen as scarcity.
And yet in some areas I've been pretty much scarce.
I've been skipping on experiences, no matter how little. I've avoided buying some necessities because I've been attracted to a new lipstick collection. I haven't visited a friend in another country because I couldn't save enough for a trip in the last ten years. I've skipped on giving a coat of fresh paint to the kitchen because I, supposedly, do not have the money.
Probably because I've spent it on yet another five books I never get around to reading, because I have no time.
'No time' is yet another excuse I started applying to basically everything. No time to read, no time to run. No time to clean the flat properly, no time to brush cats. No time to learn a language, no time to visit that place I've been meaning to for a couple of years now. No time to call my aunt, no time to do anything of significance.
I'm pretty sure that the adage of life-sucking Pinterests, Tumblrs, and repetitive time management articles on repetitive self-development blogs is not new to anybody.
Below are a few 'tactics' I'll apply in order to kick the illusion of scarcity out of my head.
There is a tonne of things, both superficial and less so, that I want to have, but I need to appreciate my current possessions stronger. I own a huge property and live alone, while most of my acquaintances either dream of becoming buyers or want to upgrade to something bigger. I have seven cats, while someone can't have a single one because of allergies. I have a job, while half the globe is destitute.
Don't dwell on it, no. But put things in perspective. Where I've been a year ago differs from where I am now. Some of us may have regressed and some of us found ourselves in a situation that's more dire than it was. But even during that it's important to take an account of personal progress.
Without getting lost in the world of empty fantasies and countless worries. Failing to plan is planning to fail. Accumulate savings without naming them – no 'rainy day' funds. Work on improving current situation without fixating on it. Maintain flexibility.
Make a conscious decision to live in the moment. I get caught up in my plans, worries, and dreams very easily, which makes it hard to enjoy the present day. It's important to make my current life as good as I want my future life to be.
Make a list of things I have.
mugs – it's safe to say that I have about a hundred.
Make a detailed list of all things I want, and methodically begin working through it.
I'd rather leave this one private for now.
Make a list of things I can do to improve my current situation and enjoy the present more.
declutter. I own more than I need.
Make a list of things I can do to achieve my goals faster.
spend time that I waste on repetitive self-improvement articles on making the flat orderly, writing blog posts, reading good books, and socialising with people I like.


You have many choices when deciding on a St. Petersburg flood damage company. What you don't have is much time! Why? Because flooding requires an immediate response from trained professionals in order to contain the loss and mitigate the damage. We offer 24/7 emergency flooding cleanup services and always provide you with a free, no obligation estimate…and we also stand behind our work and guarantee your happiness! So please give us a call now!
When it comes to cleaning up flood damage, no one does it better!
From the very first call, our company's goal is to make sure you get the help you need quickly. Responding to flooding damage requires urgency and it takes a coordinated plan by the responders. We dispatch immediately once you call and each truck that arrives at your home has all of the flood restoration equipment necessary to get you back on your feet fast!
We make knowing the cost simple with free quotes & affordable pricing!
One thing that's always helpful for people to know is how much it costs to repair their flooding damage. So while we can't answer that question over the phone, we're happy to get out to your property and provide a complete estimate for our flood repair services. We also use insurance claims estimating software so you know it's a fair price and that your insurer won't take issue with our rates!
Our St. Petersburg flood cleanup company is serious about your satisfaction!
Many St. Petersburg flood restoration companies will offer you a customer satisfaction guarantee. Basically it means they'll have you sign off on a piece of paper once they're done saying you're happy. But if you were to notice something wrong months later, you're on your own! But with us, we give each customer a full year warranty on our flood damage cleaning service!
Need help settling your flood extraction loss with your insurer?
No problem, that's what we're here for! We realize that repairing flood damage and restoring your property is our primary function, but we also know that we can be of more assistance. In many cases, the best support we can provide our customers is during the claim process.
We're an insurance approved flood cleaning company. That means we can either help settle your claim and get you a quick reimbursement for our services, or we can just bill them directly! Whatever makes the most sense for you!
If you need emergency restoration services, we have crews located throughout the St Petersburg area so that we can immediately respond to your crisis!
We make sure the flooding cleanup process is done correctly!
Plenty of contractors are happy to come out to your home and to perform so form of flood mitigation service. They might have access to some equipment and be willing to cut our your walls and replace your floors, but that does not make them certified to restore flood damage!
In fact, there's all too many flood restoration companies in St. Petersburg that have no business cleaning up floods. The reason is simple: the lack the proper training!
Our technicians are insured, trained & certified to repair flood damage and get your home or business back to its original state. We don't guess what will work and what won't, or simply throw down some equipment and hope for the best. We use the best readings equipment available to know the proper mitigation plan to get things dried out quickly!
Are you in a flood plain? Check the Pinellas County Floodzone Map to find out.
St Petersburg flood damage restoration is just a phone call away! Whether your home or office has flood damage due to a recent storm or from a leaking refrigerator line, if you have flooding you have an emergency on your hands. Our St Petersburg flood restoration company has seen it all, and if you think it's bad now, waiting to act only makes it worse! Waiting means the water has an opportunity to soak more of your property, cause more damage, and give mold plenty of lead time to start infiltrating your home!
If it's a basement flood or a St Petersburg sewage back-up, or any other flood event resulting in standing water, time is crucial. Acting now will save you money, will help save your property and the contents within the property. Our St Petersburg flood cleanup company is at your service 24/7. You will always speak to a live representative who can dispatch a St Petersburg water damage restoration crew immediately that can usually be there within 30 minutes if not sooner! Our technician can walk through your property, assess any damages, and provide a free estimate for the cost to dry out and restore your property and household items at no obligation to you.
Our St Petersburg water removal and restoration professionals can also work with your insurance company and can help take the headache out of the claims settlement process. Our goal is simple: we want to cleanup flood damage and get you back in your property as fast as possible. From an immediate response to the final walkthrough, our basement flood and flood damage experts stand behind all of their work with a 100% customer satisfaction guarantee!