text:
Why Netflix shouldn't be scared of the 'Netflix of China' and its splashy US debut — yet
Jia Yueting, co-founder and head of Le Holdings Co Ltd, also known as LeEco and formerly as LeTV, gestures as he unveils an all-electric battery "concept" car called LeSEE during a ceremony in Beijing, China April 20, 2016.
REUTERS/Damir Sagolj
On Wednesday, the sprawling Chinese tech company LeEco, known as the "Netflix of China" for getting its start in streaming video, made a splashy debut in the US with products that ranged from phones to TVs to streaming services.
Two of the big services that piqued people's interests were LeEco's video offerings: EcoPass, a Netflix-like service that also includes cloud storage, and LeEco Live, a streaming TV product. Given LeEco's history in streaming video, the question is whether had a chance to challenge heavyweights like Netflix, Amazon, and Hulu on their own turf.
LeEco was vague on the details of both services, but pumped up its "content partners" like Lionsgate, Showtime, Vice, and so on. LeEco also said that its existing partnerships in show business were a big key to stocking the new service with TV shows and movies people will actually want to watch, my colleague Matt Weinberger reported. Its Chinese library contains over 5,000 movies and 100,000 TV episodes, Wired noted.
On stage Wednesday, LeEco did a demonstration of how its video can work across all devices in the LeEco ecosystem. In a demo, LeEco showed someone using a two finger-swipe to take a Showtime video playing on their LeEco smartphone and seamlessly stream it to their Vizio TV (which LeEco owns).
That's nifty. But what does Showtime's "partnership" with LeEco actually entail?
It just means that the Showtime app is going to be preinstalled on all of the LeEco smart TVs. Customers will still have to subscribe to Showtime as they normally would, according to the company.
So it's basically the same as having the Showtime app on your Apple TV or Roku.
What about Sling TV, another announced partner? "Our relationship with LeEco is similar to other Android TV providers," a spokesperson said. So again, you still have to subscribe separately. The same is true for Seeso and IndieFlix, both also announced at the event.
It appears that many of the content partners touted at LeEco's event aren't giving any special treatment to LeEco's service. And none of the relationships are exclusive, according to Wired.
One company that is different is Lionsgate. Lionsgate is licensing a significant number of library films and television series to LeEco Live.
At the event, Lionsgate CEO Jon Feltheime described the company's relationship with LeEco. "It started with ZZ and Le Vision distributing our films in China," he said. "I've got to admit, they did such a great job that some of those films did even better in China than they did in the US … I'm pleased to announce today that we have also reached an agreement to license a significant amount of content to the new LeEco Live platform here in the US."
It remains to be seen exactly which Lionsgate shows and movies will appear on the platform, but the takeaway from it all is that LeEco doesn't seem to have, for now, put together the type of streaming service that could compete with the big guns. This is especially true since streaming companies like Netflix have begun to focus on exclusivity and original content to differentiate themselves.
Part of LeEco's lack of exclusive content might be strategy. In China, LeEco built its business starting from streaming video and then expanding into phones, TV, bikes, and even cars. But in the US it seems to be doing the opposite.
"In the US they're doing it almost backwards. They're coming out with hardware first and building their US-specific content library," Current Analysis research director Avi Greengart told Wired.
We'll see how that develops, but for now, it doesn't seem like Netflix has much to fear.
Additional reporting by Matt Weinberger.
Disclosure: Mathias Döpfner, CEO of Business Insider's parent company, Axel Springer, is a Netflix board member.
NOW WATCH: The 7 best TV shows on Netflix you've probably never heard of
More: LeEco LeEco Live Netflix


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Проспект Гарашсызлык () — проспект Ашхабада, одна из крупнейших радиальных магистралей города, пересекающая его от центра на юго-запад.  С туркменского языка переводится как «проспект Независимости». Исторически проспект назывался улицей Таманской (здесь располагались войсковые подразделения гарнизона), после именовался Советской.

Примечательные здания и сооружения
 Посольство Пакистана в Туркмении (дом 4/1)
 Посольство Таджикистана в Туркмении (дом 4/2)
 Посольство Узбекистана в Туркмении (дом 4/3)
 Посольство Афганистана в Туркмении (дом 4/4)
 Ливийское бюро по экономическому сотрудничеству (дом 9)
 Посольство Казахстана в Туркмении (дом 11, 13, 15)
 Посольство Кыргызстана в Туркмении (дом 17)
 Туркмено-Российская школа
 Туркменвнешэкономбанк
 Олимпийский водноспортивный комплекс
 Мир сказок Туркменбаши
 Туркменский Государственный кукольный театр
 Детский мир
 Серги кошги
 Издательская служба Туркмении
 Государственная акционерная корпорация «Туркменхалы» (дом 94)
 Министерство текстильной промышленности Туркмении (дом 96)
 Парламент Туркмении (дом 110)

Фотографии

См. также
 Проспект Арчабиль

Примечания

Проспекты Туркменистана
Улицы Ашхабада

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The Fragility Tour was a concert tour in support of industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails' The Fragile album, which took place in late 1999, running until mid-2000, and was broken into two major legs, Fragility v1.0 and Fragility v2.0 respectively. Destinations included Europe, Japan, New Zealand, Australia, and North America.

The tour featured increasingly large production values, including a triptych video display created by contemporary video artist Bill Viola. The images displayed on the triptych focused on storm and water imagery. "I don't want to do the standard 'rock band in a hockey arena' show", said Trent Reznor. "I want to up the par a little bit. I think our stage show has had a lot of thought put into it. It's not like a Korn or Rob Zombie show where they just go into the prop cupboard and pull out as much shit as they can. I hope, when people see our shows, they go, 'Fuck, that was smarter than that Korn tour I saw, but not in a pretentious way – it kicked ass.' On our previous tour the audience was our enemy but, this time around, we're best friends with the audience at the end of shows. Everyone's connected."

Rolling Stone magazine named Fragility v2.0 the best tour of 2000.

The Fragility v2.0 North American leg was filmed and recorded for the live album and double DVD tour documentary And All that Could Have Been, which was released in 2002.

On May 20, 2000, Nine Inch Nails performed their 500th gig (in count) at the Lakewood Amphitheater in Atlanta.

Before several of the later performances, Recoil's 2000 album Liquid was played over the PA system.

On July 9, 2000, the rest of the tour was cancelled due to "band illness". The most notable "illness" was eight days earlier when the band went to London for a concert, and Reznor almost died from a heroin overdose, mistaking the heroin for cocaine, which he was addicted to at the time. He went into and completed rehab in 2001.

Personnel
Trent Reznor – Lead vocals, guitar, keyboards, bass guitar, Prophet VS synthesizer
Robin Finck – Guitar, E-bow, lap steel synthesizer, backup vocals
Danny Lohner – Bass guitar, guitar, synthesizer, backup vocals
Charlie Clouser – Synthesizer, theremin, vocoder, backup vocals
Jerome Dillon – Drums, samples

Tour legs

Europe ()

Typical set list
 "The New Flesh" / "Pinion"
 "Somewhat Damaged"
 "Terrible Lie"
 "Sin"
 "March of the Pigs"
 "Piggy"
 "The Frail"
 "The Wretched"
 "No, You Don't"
 "Gave Up"
 "La Mer"
 "The Great Below"
 "The Way Out Is Through"
 "Wish"
 "Into the Void"
 "Down in It" or "Get Down, Make Love"
 "Head Like a Hole"
 "The Day the World Went Away"
 "Starfuckers, Inc."
 "Closer"
 "Hurt"

Support act
 Atari Teenage Riot

Dates

Asia

Typical set list
Same as above.

Support act
 Skingame

Dates

Oceania ()

Typical set list
These shows featured shorter and more aggressive set lists.

Accompanying acts
 Red Hot Chili Peppers
 Foo Fighters
 Atari Teenage Riot
 Blink-182
 The Chemical Brothers
 A Perfect Circle

Dates

North America ()

Typical set list

 "The New Flesh" / "Pinion"
 "Somewhat Damaged"
 "Terrible Lie"
 "Sin"
 "March of the Pigs"
 "Piggy"
 "The Frail"
 "The Wretched"
 "Gave Up"
 "La Mer"
 "The Great Below"
 "The Mark Has Been Made"
 "Wish"
 "Complication"
 "Suck"
 "Closer"
 "Head Like a Hole"
 "The Day the World Went Away"
 "Just Like You Imagined" or "Even Deeper"
 "Starfuckers, Inc."
 "Hurt"

Support act
 A Perfect Circle

Dates

Europe ()

Typical set list
These shows featured shorter and more aggressive set lists.

Dates

Canceled dates

References

External links
 Official website

1999 concert tours
2000 concert tours
Nine Inch Nails concert tours


This pair of antique spoon-back nursing chairs date from the 19th Century. They have over-upholstered frames with deep button-backs, and are supported on what we believe to be turned walnut legs at the front and shaped legs at the back. The front legs terminate in original brass castors. The chairs are upholstered in a red velvet -type material that is later than the chairs.


My first sighting of Beef Wellington was on Masterchef Australia. It looked so golden and delicious but not too scarily difficult to actually make yourself. I love anything with pastry so meat plus puff pastry is my ideal meal. One thing to note is if you love a more generous serving of the mushroom mixture to go around the beef, I'd say double the mushroom mixture ingredients and you may also need a few more slices of the prosciutto to cover it as well. The shallot and red wine sauce from the BBC Good Food with the Beef Wellington is an amazing combination. I highly recommend it. Check out Gordon Ramsay's BBC Good Food recipe below!
1. Heat oven to 220C/fan 200C/gas 7. Sit the 1kg beef fillet on a roasting tray, brush with 1 tbsp olive oil and season with pepper.
2. Roast for 15 mins for medium-rare or 20 mins for medium. When the beef is cooked to your liking, remove from the oven to cool, then chill in the fridge for about 20 mins.
3. While the beef is cooling, chop 250g mushrooms as finely as possible so they have the texture of coarse breadcrumbs. You can use a food processor to do this, but make sure you pulse-chop the mushrooms so they don't become a slurry.
4. Heat 2 tbsp of the olive oil and 50g butter in a large pan and fry the mushrooms on a medium heat, with 1 large sprig fresh thyme, for about 10 mins stirring often, until you have a softened mixture.
5. Season the mushroom mixture, pour over 100ml dry white wine and cook for about 10 mins until all the wine has been absorbed. The mixture should hold its shape when stirred. Remove the mushroom duxelle from the pan to cool and discard the thyme.
7. Overlap two pieces of cling film over a large chopping board. Lay 12 slices prosciutto on the cling film, slightly overlapping, in a double row. Spread half the duxelles over the prosciutto, then sit the fillet on it and spread the remaining duxelles over. Use the cling film's edges to draw the prosciutto around the fillet, then roll it into a sausage shape, twisting the ends of cling film to tighten it as you go. Chill the fillet while you roll out the pastry.
8. Dust your work surface with a little flour. Roll out a third of the 500g pack of puff pastry to a 18 x 30cm strip and place on a non-stick baking sheet. Roll out the remainder of the 500g pack of puff pastry to about 28 x 36cm. Unravel the fillet from the cling film and sit it in the centre of the smaller strip of pastry. Beat the 2 egg yolks with 1 tsp water and brush the pastry's edges, and the top and sides of the wrapped fillet.
9. Using a rolling pin, carefully lift and drape the larger piece of pastry over the fillet, pressing well into the sides. Trim the joins to about a 4cm rim. Seal the rim with the edge of a fork or spoon handle. Glaze all over with more egg yolk and, using the back of a knife, mark the beef Wellington with long diagonal lines taking care not to cut into the pastry. Chill for at least 30 mins and up to 24 hrs.
10. Heat oven to 200C/fan 180C/gas 6. Brush the Wellington with a little more egg yolk and cook until golden and crisp – 20-25 mins for medium-rare beef, 30 mins for medium. Allow to stand for 10 mins before serving in thick slices.
1. Sauté the shallots in a medium saucepan with the oil over a high heat for about 3 mins until lightly browned, stirring often. Season with ground black pepper and add the garlic and rosemary. Continue cooking for a further 3 mins, stirring often to prevent the shallots burning.
2. Pour in the vinegar and cook until evaporated away to a syrup, then pour in the wine and cook until reduced by two thirds or until it thickens.
3. Pour in the stock and bring to the boil. Turn down the heat and simmer until reduced by two-thirds again, to around 250ml. Remove the garlic and rosemary. Add a little salt to taste and finally 'monte' (whisk) in a knob of butter. Add any juices from the steaks just before serving.
I recommend finding less salty prosciutto as it can be quite overpowering with the seasoning of the beef and mushroom mix.


This was a wedding full of deja vu and mild nostalgia. The maid of honor was one of my brides from 2015, and ironically is named Lauryn Miller; and Laura had come with to planning meetings with Lauryn when Lauryn was getting married, so I knew her more than most bridesmaids on the day of the wedding. (She's awesome so it makes that easy) My second shooter, Emily, was a bride of mine that got married at the Haight last year. Just so many levels of deja vu!
I've kept in touch with Lauryn and Taylor, as well as Laura. I've been following Laura's creative endeavors ever since I met her. She is such a talent, and I've loved seeing her work. I remember creeping at the first mention I saw of Drew, trying to figure out who this tall dude was. Fast forward to last year. Lauryn texts me and tells me that Drew has, without Laura's knowledge, booked her dream venue on her dream date (see picture on left hehe) And she just wanted give me a heads-up about the date and see if I was available! Luckily I was (and still was come December) and just had to wait for the proposal to actually happen.
It gets me so excited when people contact me ahead of time and give me the inside scoop before the proposal actually happens! It's happened a few times now and am filled with anticipation! It's so fun!
Okay now it's time for pictures!
Lil wedding day moment/tid-bit: So Laura, being the incredibly talented woman that she is, made all the signage for her wedding day. While she was getting her hair done, someone realized that there was an 'e' missing from a word on her menu board. Without missing a beat, or batting an eyelash, she flawlessly adds the 'e', like it was nothing. No guides, no second attempt, she just nailed it first try....she's amazing. Again, check out her work!
Drew + Laura's wedding gallery will be ready soon, if you wish to order prints from their gorgeous day you will be able to get the gallery link from them once it is delivered!


24 January, 5.45pm, Gray's Inn, London. Tracy will give a talk on her biography of Thomas Cromwell for the History Society at Gray's Inn.
6 February, 2pm, Claygate Village Hall, Surrey. Tracy will give a talk on her biography of Thomas Cromwell for the Elmbridge U3A.
8 March (evening - time TBC), Parish Hall, Westbourne, Sussex. Tracy will give a talk as part of the Westbourne History series.
18 June (evening - time/venue TBC). Tracy will give a talk on her novels, The King's Witch and The Devil's Slave for the Working Women's Network.
29 June, 11am, CAST, Doncaster. Tracy will give a talk on her new biography, Henry VIII and the Men Who Made Him for the Friends of Doncaster Museums.
19 November, 1pm, Department for Transport, London. Tracy will give a talk on Henry VIII and the Men Who Made Him.


For the entire month of February, the Vancouver Winter Farmers Market will feature double the number of food trucks as the Food Truck Festival continues to grow.
Location: 30th and Ontario Street in the East Parking lot and Plaza of Nat Bailey Stadium. There is no access to 30th Avenue when travelling south on Ontario Street.


We are a performance-driven, full-service accounts receivable management company with over eight decades of history. We combine certified collection professionals with powerful debt collection technology to deliver dependable collection results.
World Leading businesses use our debt collection expertise and business process outsourcing on an ongoing basis because of our exceptional debt handling expertise and unmatched client service. Some of our clients have used our services for over 40 years.
As leaders in the industry, we understand the most effective methods of efficient debt recovery for our clients. We offer separate collection teams devoted to commercial and consumer debt recovery. These specialized teams are comprised of hand-picked collection professionals whose experience, training, and collection track record best suits them for their assigned unit.
As a result, debt collection activity within these specialized areas is in the hands of dedicated professionals trained and equipped to effectively address the detailed handling requirements and specialization necessary to maximize our recoveries.


UK consumers are continuing to fixed-rate mortgages in their numbers, new figures from the Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML) show.
Some 89 percent of first-time buyers and 73 per cent of home movers took out a fixed-rate loan in May, the CML claims.
This is up from the 88 per cent and 72 per cent who took up such packages in April respectively.
Michael Coogan, director general of the CML, said that although taking out a fixed-rate mortgage on a short-term basis "may provide some reassurance", he also said "eventually the loans will revert to a variable rate and the risk of a payment shock is real".
He added: "Planning ahead for higher payments is as important as the initial decision to shelter from the risk of higher borrowing costs."
Affordability problems are also worsening for homebuyers, the CML claims, with its figures in May showing that first-time buyer income multiples reached 3.37 during the month, up from 3.33 in April.


When it comes to ankle boots, there are specific silhouettes that reign supreme. The first style that probably comes to your mind? Classic black ankle boots. We're right there with you—there's a reason this iteration never goes out of style with its cool, goes-with-everything nature. Let's also note that printed, metallic, and velvet boots are also incredibly popular. But we've seen a resurgence of one style recently that feels so unexpected and fresh: white boots.
That's right—just like we spotted in heels a few months ago, we've seen a host of street style stars and It girls step out in all-white versions (despite the fact that white shoes haven't always been the most popular and were thought of as a "no-go" by many in the winter months). We'll always wear our go-to black boots, but a white pair feels incredibly cool and forward right now.
Interested in testing out this look? Go on to check out how fashion A-listers are wearing white boots right now. Plus, go a bit further to shop our favourite boots of the moment.
Try these instead of your go-to black pair this winter.
We love how these have somewhat of a retro vibe.
A chunky silhouette feels very right now.
These would look ideal with a midi-skirt and tights.
These are a fashion editor favourite.
A pointed toe will elongate your overall silhouette.
White boots not for you? Check out our guide to the best ankle boots in the world right now.


The Barwon Network of Neighbourhood Centres You Tube channel will highlight and promote a range of Learning and Development activities for all those involved in the Neighbourhood House sector - Committee of Management members, volunteers, staff and participants. All welcome to use as relevant to your needs.
Pathways for LIfe video series.
Please use the following link to our Barwon Network You Tube Channel to view the Family Violence workshop.
Please use the following link to our Barwon Network You Tube Channel to view the CALD workshop.
Social Media: Supporting Neighbourhood Houses to connect with community.
Please use the following link to our Barwon Network You Tube Channel to view the June 2016 Social Media session.
P4A Lifelong Learning and Jobs forum June 2016: Industry Job Trends, Training needs and questions.
Please use the following link to our Barwon Network You Tube Channel to view the June 2016 forum session.


text:
Egloskerry is een civil parish in het Engelse graafschap Cornwall. In 2001 telde het dorp 374 inwoners.

Bronnen

Civil parish in Cornwall


text:
Bonvenon
la Viro
Biografio
MARVELS - index of the book
Kronologio
Skribi
Casterino
La Preĝejo
Botanikisto
Artisto
Casa Fontanalba
Artoj kaj Oficoj
Pentrarto & Desegnante
Kolekti
Arkeologo
Arkeologio
Les Merveilles
Aprezon
Esperantisto
Himnoj
Poemoj
Elŝuti
Novaĵoj kaj opinioj
Asocio
Centjariĝo 2018
Membraro
Muzeoj
Esploro
Ligoj
Kiuj ni estas
Diapozitivoj
NEWS - Clarence the landscape painter
Skribita de Marcus Bicknell on 13 Decembro 2018 .
Leggi l'intero articolo in italiano e inglese e guarda i dipinti, nella versione pdf qui
I was honoured to visit on 30th October 2018 in Imperia, 45 kms east of Bordighera, the exhibition of art by Bicknell and his contemporaries on the Riviera. Landscapes by Nestel, van Kleudgen, Edward Lear and others, all familiar in Bordighera and Riviera circles, were exhibited alongside Bicknell's in the Villa Faravelli up the hill from the town hall and owned by the community.
Organised in the summer and autumn of 2018 by a cooperative, and alongside the galleries of the Museo Arte Contemporanea Imperia, this exhibition Clarence Bicknell e lo Stupore Della Riviera is a perfectly-formed gem. The exhibition explored, according to the publicity, Bicknell's influence on the circle of artists in the second half of the 19th century in Liguria. The influence might of course have been vice-versa.
Clarence Bicknell, mountain landscape
"Clarence Bicknell, Landscape Artist" is now a valid title, among many, for our favourite post-Darwinian polymath.
Read the whole article in Italian and English, and see the paintings, in the pdf version here
NEWS - Saxifraga Florulenta named the symbol of Piedmont
Saxifraga Florulenta named the symbol of Piedmont by 500 experts. Clarence would be pleased...
http://www.areeprotettealpimarittime.it/news/284/specie-simbolo-delle-regioni-la-saxifraga-dell-argentera-l-top
Elette le piante simbolo di ognuna delle 20 regioni italiane... Quella scelta per rappresentare il Piemonte è la nostra bella ed endemica sassifraga dell'Argentera (Saxifraga florulenta). L'iniziativa, promossa dalla Società Botanica Italiana, è stata coordinata da Lorenzo Peruzzi, professore di Botanica sistematica presso il Dipartimento di Biologia dell'Università di Pisa e Direttore dell'Orto e Museo Botanico. A votare sono stati oltre 500 appassionati ed esperti botanici da tutta Italia che hanno eletto le piante vincitrici a partire da una rosa di candidature, con un meccanismo per certi versi simile a quello delle primarie.
La pianta più votata in assoluto è stata la sassifraga dell'Argentera, pianta monocarpica (fruttifica una volta sola), rupicola, sopravvissuta alle glaciazioni, con stupendi fiori rosa, e caratteristica delle Alpi Marittime italiane e francese.
Elected the symbol plants of each of the 20 Italian regions... That choice to represent Piedmont is our beautiful and endemic saxifrage of the Argentera (Saxifraga florulenta). The initiative, promoted by the Italian Botanical Society, was coordinated by Lorenzo Peruzzi, professor of Systematic Botany at the Department of Biology of the University of Pisa and Director of the Garden and Botanical Museum. More than 500 enthusiasts and botanists from all over Italy voted to vote, choosing the winning plants starting from a shortlist of candidates, with a mechanism similar in some ways to the primaries.The most voted plant of all was the sassifraga dell'Argentera, monocarpica plant (fruit only once), rupicola, survivor of the glaciations, with beautiful pink flowers, and characteristic of the Italian and French Maritime Alps.
With thanks to Elisabetta Massardo who took the photo of Saxifraga Florulenta for MARVELS, page 116, for alerting us to this story.
To remind you of the importance of this plant to Clarence, permit me to quote from Valerie's MARVELS, page 117:
Clarence had one other complaint: the lack of interesting wildflowers in the area, and he confessed to Burnat that 'botanically I have done very little. It is much less rich here than at Val Pesio, and even when I climb up to the lakes of Valmasca, d'Agnel, the Meraviglie, and M. Bégo (where nothing escapes the goats!) I always find the same old plants.' And he had spent many fruitless, frustrating hours searching for the rare Saxifraga florulenta.
His persistence paid off. By the end of the summer he related to Burnat that he had finally found that elusive plant in bloom. Although Clarence does not describe the actual moment he saw it, the great plant collector Reginald Farrer (1880–1920) was extravagant in his description of his sighting of it in 1910 on the Col de Cerise:
'Grey obscurity enveloped all the slope, swirling and shifting, lightening and darkening. And now the sharp zigzags of the track brought me up against the buttress of Mercantour. For an instant the mist dissolved into a pearly shade. And in that momentary rending of the veil I found myself looking straight into the face of Saxifraga florulenta. For a moment I could not believe my eyes; for another moment I felt convinced, insanely, that some botanist must have put the rosette there as a practical joke . . . Then, when my reason had ceased rocking on its seat, I rent the welkin with a cry of triumph.'
After his great yell, Farrer calmed down and 'in awe-stricken silence contemplated for the first time the Ancient King of his race, the most wonderful plant in all the ranges of the Alps.
The Ancient King is a large and rare succulent with a small range, found exclusively within the central section of the Maritime Alps between Tende and Argentera. Fussy about its location, it finds its preferred home in crevices of acidic rock, often hiding in hard-to-reach spots. Year by year, over decades, its fleshy leaves multiply into a perfect rosette until it is mature enough to flower. Then (the eloquent Farrer again); 'Up from its heart comes a stout glandular spike which develops into a stocky spire, of some eight or ten inches, very thickly set with nodding flowers of a purple rose, most wonderful to see.' Its 40 or more bell-shaped flowers are impossible to miss. But that's it; once having achieved its reproductive climax, it withers and dies. No wonder the Ancient King used to be the emblem of the modern-day Parc National du Mercantour, which includes the Vallée des Merveilles and the Val Fontanalba.
In Clarence's Time - Knitting, the First World War, Bordighera and Bicknell
By Helen Blanc-Francard and Marcus Bicknell
Research by Helen Blanc-Francard with additional material from Giselle Merello Folli
A cooperation of the Clarence Bicknell Association
Download this article with its pictures in pdf
Clarence arrived at the twilight of his active life, 76 years old in 1914 as the Great War tore up Europe. He was a pacifist who had devoted himself to Esperanto, the universal language, which he thought could bring peace to all peoples. As his deception grew and old age crept on, Clarence continued to help the wounded soldiers convalescing in Bordighera alongside his regular work helping the poor and aged of the town. Clarence liked doing things with his hands, and knitting was one of them. Maybe handiwork is the characteristic of a man who enjoyed helping others in practical ways, especially in times of crisis (read Valerie Lester's chapter Terremoto on the earthquake of 1887), working with Padre Giacomo Viale for the poor and sick of Bordighera and during the Great War. Valerie Lester devotes a chapter of MARVELS – The Life of Clarence Bicknell to Good Deeds and the War Years. She writes
"Clarence busied himself with philanthropy and volunteer aid. He worked for the Red Cross; he rolled bandages and made slippers – and presumably caught up with his knitting; he collected medicinal and aromatic plants to sell in benefit of the Red Cross; he made little bags that he filled with sphagnum, a moss, to apply to wounds – apparently one of the best cures – but complained that no one wanted to collect the moss without payment; and he visited the sick and comforted the weary. He described to Edward, not without a certain macabre humour, one of his visits to the sick: 'Mrs Bonsignore had [her] finger poisoned by a white-thorn spine (probably other poison getting into wound) till at last the finger was cut off & we talked nearly all the time of this cheerful subject, but washed it down with some good wine, while we gazed at the relic of her finger & bone carefully preserved in her purse.'
"He turned his museum over to convalescing soldiers, and noted to Alberto Pelloux that there were army horses in the public garden, and that the Victoria Hall and the Casino were full of the wounded. 'What a good thing it is to see useless or mischievous places being turned to good account', he said censoriously. Ever since his first visit to the casino in Monte Carlo, he had loathed gambling and the harm it did.
"'We have over 500 refugees! What are we to do to help them to live and be clothed and work, which is the most important, if they are not to follow the example of the Bordighotti and become thieves? I really do not know if our unpatriotic town will do its duty or is worthy to have these people . . . We shall all be glad when this night is over and the day breaks, as it must some day.' Clarence had no patience with the dolce far niente attitude of the locals. In his opinion, everyone, man, woman, and child should pitch in." When Clarence first arrived in Bordighera, in 1878, he was already a confirmed knitter.
"He moved away from church matters in his entry for 18 October: 'I finished a pair of woollen baby's boots & gave them to Imperiale – he is such a dear fellow.' Clarence took his knitting seriously. He then embarked on a kettle-holder for Imperiale with his monogram in the centre. It was not entirely successful: 'A "work of heart": that is all I can say about it, for the design is weak & the execution worse.' Parrett too was working away, making 'carpet fringe at a fine rate' and the Fanshawe ladies 'beat Kidderminster, Brussels &c &c hollow, by their pretty & comfortable mats & carpets.' A few weeks later, Clarence took crochet lessons from a Miss Stubberd."
So it is hardly surprising, given Clarence's interest in knitting and handiwork, that two researcher-friends, Helen Blanc-Francard and Gisella Merello, in the circle of the Clarence Bicknell Association have come together at the same place.
Nursing the wounded soldiers in Bordighera – Helen Blanc-Francard
In supporting Valerie Lester's book research in 2016, Helen Blanc-Francard unearthed articles by Ferruccio Poggi drawn from the Journal de Bordighera about the efforts made for wounded soldiers convalescing in Bordighera. We reproduce below in full the three articles by Ferruccio Poggi, of which a typical entry is…"Rilevò l'atto munifico del Signor Bicknell, che lascia gratuitamente all'associazione ed ai soldati convalescenti l'uso dello splendido locale ad uso museo sulla Strada Romana coll'attiguo incantevole giardino"."He noted the bountiful activities of Mr. Bicknell, who gives to the association and the convalescing soldiers, free of charge, the use of the splendid museum room on the Via Romana with its charming garden ."
Helen a lso found an article by Dorothea Matilda Taylor on nursing the wounded in 1918 in several parts of Italy and the Riviera, which we reproduce in full in Appendix 4 below.
Image, right: Piccoli ospedali da campo furono attendati nell'area pianeggiante, ora occupata dai campi da tennis, e dietro la Casa Bianca.
As well as donations of items like sheets and bandages, war hospitals needed food supplies for the wounded soldiers. British Red Cross V.A.D. members worked as cooks in British Military Hospitals in places like Genoa, Bordighera, Cremona, Arquata Scrivia and Taranto. On average they prepared and served 40,000 meals per month. Dishes for the recovering soldiers included jellies, broth, custard and chicken soufflé.
Photos of convalescing military personnel in Cannes also confirm that if you didn't actually die, the Cote d'Azur and Bordighera's luxuriously equipped hotels were a great place to be sent to for re-booting after the horrors of battle and much better that some cold, dismal Scottish stately home. Helen also recorded information on the soldiers who did not make it and who are buried in the Bordighera British Cemetery, and we reproduce a complete list at www.clarencebicknell.com/downloads. The Italians entered the war on the Allied side, declaring war on Austria, in May 1915. Commonwealth forces were at the Italian front between November 1917 and November 1918, and rest camps and medical units were established at various locations in northern Italy behind the front, some of them remaining until 1919. From the Summer of 1917 until late 1918, the Mediterranean lines of communication for the British Salonika Force ran the length of Italy from Taranto in the south-east, to Turin in the north-west. The 62nd General Hospital was posted at Bordighera from January 1918 to January 1919, and the 66th from January to March 1918. The British cemetery is opposite the town cemetery and was used from November 1917 to January 1919. It contains 72 Commonwealth burials of the First World War, and 12 Austrian war graves.
You can download the complete list of personnel buried at Bordighera British Cemetery in Excel format
The Kitchener Stitch – Gisella Merello
Gisella Merello sent me a copy of the slides she had prepared for a presentation to school children in Bordighera on 4 December 2018. One of the slides caught my eye because of the autocratic moustachioed soldier. What's he doing there?
To see the images referred to please download the pdf version.
Gisella's caption reads "He knitted socks for the children of his friends, socks and bandages for the soldiers and the wounded". Gisella sent me the quote which gave her the reason to include this soldier, who turns out to be Lord Kitchener, whose face dominated the British recruitment poster of 1914 "Your Country Needs You".
Gisella writes
"Lord Kitchener era un appassionato di lavoro a maglia, si fece ritirare durante la guerra boera con in mano i ferri e un calzino in lavorazione (il ritratto (attualmente esposto alla National Portrait Gallery di Londra). Gli si attribuisce l'invenzione della chiusura a punto calza (in inglese Kitchener stitch)"
which translates as
"Lord Kitchener was a knitting enthusiast. He retired during the Boer war. Here he is holding irons and a sock being worked on (the portrait is currently on display at the London National Portrait Gallery). He is credited with the invention of the Kitchener stitch, a way of mending socks". The Kitchener Stitch is a way of sewing together two pieces of knitting so that they look like a continuous piece of knitting without any seam at all, also called weaving and grafting.
I found more about Kitchener in articles about knitting:
As many knitters know, British, Canadian and American knitters were exhorted by their governments and officially sanctioned organizations such as the Red Cross to knit for the war effort during both World Wars, and the call was readily answered. Knitting was a way for those at home to feel they were actively and materially helping their loved ones at the front, and also helped to soothe the knitters' anxieties over the dangers faced by their men at the front as well as cope with more generalized worries over the progress of the war.Not only did knitted socks play a role in World War I, but conversely, World War I has had a lasting impact on the knitted sock. Until World War I socks typically had seamed toes, and these seams caused great discomfort for soldiers on forced marches and in the wet and muddy trenches, where those seams rubbed the men's toes raw, which in turn could result in dangerous infections. The British Secretary of State for War, Horatio Herbert Kitchener, associated himself with the Red Cross drive to urge women to knit "comforts" or items for the men in the military, particularly mittens, socks and scarves. He was concerned about the foot problems the sock seams caused and personally contributed a pattern for socks which included a seamless grafting technique that would come to be known as the "Kitchener stitch".
The Kitchener stitch is still widely used today. Knitty.com has a tutorial on how to work the Kitchener stitch, and there are a number of YouTube videos that demonstrate it, such as this one. Lord Kitchener is credited with inventing this technique himself, but I'm skeptical as to whether he actually did. Apparently there is no real evidence of it, and I think it much more likely that, at most, he recognized the need for a seamless sock toe, asked a knitter of his acquaintance to figure out a way to create one, and then took the credit in order to use his famous (and, at the time, revered) name to promote it.
https://blog.loveknitting.com/kitchener_stitch_a_history/
So it turns out that knitting was a vital part of the war effort, of activities in Bordighera and of Bicknell's contribution.
NEWS - Fitzwilliam Museum: Clarence collection online
Skribita de Marcus Bicknell on 14 Novembro 2018 .
The Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge, has now listed their complete collection of Clarence Bicknell watercolours, over 400 of them at
http://webapps.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/explorer/index.php?do=Search&qu=bicknell,%20clarence&size=10&from=0
or http://webapps.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/explorer/ and search for "bicknell, clarence"
50 of the entries, both symmetrical images and his Victorian whimsy, have full colour picture and they are lovely to look through.
They are downloadable too!
NEWS - Clarence in the Riviera Insider magazine
Clarence's centenary rumbles on. Here is a cracking 2 page article on him in the glossy high-end Riviera Insider magazine, nicely written. Thank you Nicole.
See the whole magazine at https://issuu.com/rivieratimes/docs/riviera_insider_november_december_2_73274e7139bcfc
Download the two-page article on Clarence here
NEWS - Museo Bicknell's Centenary Exhibition
"Clarence Bicknell – In the Past for the Future"
Exhibition at Istituto Internazionale di Studi Liguri & Museo Bicknell, Bordighera
Report by Graham Avery, Vice-Chairman of the Clarence Bicknell Association (the "written by" credit above is provided by default by our web structure Joomla: Marcus onlo uploaded Graham's piece).
This exhibition organised by the Istituto Internazionale di Studi Liguri and the Museo Bicknell in Bordighera was inaugurated on 18 July 2018, to celebrate the centenary of Clarence Bicknell's death. The exhibition is presented in an impressive way, partly in the building of the IISL and partly in the Museo. It is an admirable tribute to the man who founded the Museo, and a 'must' for anyone interested in his life and work.
In a brief review it is not possible to describe all the interesting material displayed, and in this note I mention only some of the highlights. One of the outstanding features of the exhibition is the quantity of new material relating to Clarence (documents, photographs, books and other objects) which the Museo has recently acquired. This collection is described as 'Lotto Bicknell 2017', and since some of it evidently belonged to Clarence's faithful assistant Luigi Pollini, one may guess that the collection was preserved by his family. There are some excellent photos of Pollini such as the one on the right.
Photos of Clarence's dog Mahdi in 1904
Ornate column in Egypt, watercolour by Clarence in 1890
Clarence's faithful assistant Luigi Pollini in 1900
A fascinating display panel 'Viaggi Esperantisti, Viaggi vicini e lontani' (Esperanto Travels, Travels near and far' shows how Clarence travelled to many countries in Europe and elsewhere, through his interest in Esperanto, botany, and archaeology. Valerie Lester's biography Marvels: The Life of Clarence Bicknell recounts these travels in more detail: for example, Clarence went to Esperanto World Congresses in Boulogne, Geneva, Cambridge, Cracow and Paris; he did not, however, visit Tasmania or New Zealand.
Among the material from Lotto Bicknell 2017 are many photographs, including Album 5 with 172 photographs of Bordighera, the Maritime Alps, flora and soon, all in excellent condition. In this album, for example, is a photograph of Villa Garnier, Bordighera, around 1900, from which it can be seen that many of these photographs were annotated by Clarence Bicknell's friend Fritz Mader, who was a prolific photographer as well as alpinist, botanist, speleologist, geographer and author.
A display panel 'Bicknell e lo spirito esperantista' shows a fascinating photograph of Clarence and others at the Esperanto World Congress in Cambridge in 1907.
A display panel 'Bicknell's world e Bicknell's friends' shows participants in a botanical congress at Hanbury Gardens, La Mortola, in 1912, including Clarence Bicknell and other botanists whom he knew such as Augusto Beguinot (Clarence's first biographer), Fritz Mader, Alwyn Berger (Curator of Hanbury Gardens), Otto Penzig (Professor of Botany at Genova), as well as Eva Mameli (mother of the famous author Italo Calvino). Image right
Associated with this panel is a remarkable display of letters and documents from scholars and others entitled 'Le lettere del mondo dei studiosi a Clarence Bicknell (Lotto Bicknell 2017)' [Images 10-12]. The persons mentioned in this display are:
Antonio Magni 1844-1933, medico, archeologo e storico di Como
Gabriel Gustafson 1853-1933, archeologo, scopritore della nave di Osemberg
Burkhard Reber 1848-1926, archeologo, botanico e farmacista svizzero
Emile Carttailhac 1843-1921, studioso di preistoria francese
Henri Ferrand 1853-1926, avvocato, geografo e alpnisita francese
George Coffey 1857-1916, archeologo e nazionalista irlandese
Alberto Pelloux 1868-1918, mineralogista italiano
Antomio Taramelli 1863-1939, archeologo noto per i suoi studi in Sardegna, and
Luigi Pollini, braccio destro e amico di Clarence Bicknell.
It is to be hoped that these interesting letters, together with the rest of the important material acquired by the Museo, will be catalogued and made available to the research community.
Submitted by Graham Avery 25/07/2018
Note from Marcus Bicknell. The exhibition has had good reviews and a certain amount of publicity in the press and on television. Here are two stills from San Remo TV which reported in full on the exhibition and the Clarence Bicknell Centenary.
NEWS - Clarence in Nice exhibition Sept-Oct 2018
Les Botanistes au Sommet
Exhibition by the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Nice
in the Bibliotheque Louis Nocera in Nice, Sept-Oct 2018
29 October 2018 Visit report by Marcus Bicknell
Olivier Gerriet showed me round on a Monday which is normally closed, which was kind. The exhibition has had good reactions from visitors and quite good numbers. We met an assistant director of the library who was sad it was closing so soon but there has to be an exhibition about the end of WWI still this year.There is interest from other local museums to show the exhibition; Gerriet is coordinating that with the Parc de Mercantour. I have told him they can keep the CB items; only the pocket sketch books are of any intrinsic value, i.e. irreplaceable. Gerriet did not confirm that they would keep them.
Each botanist has an individual roll-up poster display (Clarence's pictured right) which Susie and I saw early in the process. We contributed to and corrected CB's text. Much of the CB material we provided is displayed in a glass-topped cabinet, image, left; 2 pocket sketch books; 2 print proof pages from Flowering Ferns; wooden box of watercolour paints and brushes; 2 landscapes reproduced on framed canvas; photo prints of CB in the mountains; 3 reports of Fitzwilliam symmetrical patterns. A copy of Flowering Ferns of their own is displayed.
The period photo (left) of the Cime Bicknell is not immediately identifiable as the same as the photo we know; it's a wide range, of which one is Bicknell 2600m, alongside Paracuerta (2385m) and Santa Maria (2739m)... the Massif du Gelas, photo taken from le Mont Claminejas (2919m) by Victor de Cessole in 1908.
Having visited the Bodini Museum in Parma a few weeks ago I was interested in some original botanical books as early as the 17th century and an early edition of one of Linneaus's Species Plantarum of 1799. One of the original lithograph stones, 80 mm thick, from which Barca's book of drawings was printed is displayed alongside the print that comes from it.
The organisers' description of the items in the exhibition are on the next pages.
We thank Olivier Gerriet and Jean-Félix Gandioli warmly for their work in favour of informing people about Clarence Bicknell and for the excellent exhibition.
You can download a copy of this article, with additional material such as the organisers' description of the contents of the exhibition here
NEWS - Clarence Bicknell in Parma, October 2018
Skribita de Marcus Bicknell on 13 Oktobro 2018 .
The Meli Lupi Loop
Would Clarence Bicknell have been a rock guitarist?
The Meli Lupi Loop with Gallery of photos
Giuseppe Bessone, Raimondo Meli Lupi and Valerie Lester
Marcus Bicknell, Chris Thompson and his wife Inge, cheese factory boss, Valerie Lester, Raimondo Meli Lupi, Susie Bicknell and John Helliwell
Marcus Bicknell and John Helliwell
The media extatic for Raimondo's concert
Gisella Merelo Folli speaking at the Clarence Bicknell event
Valerie Lester speking on Clarence Bicknell and Bodoni
Raimondo Meli Lupi, John Helliwell and Chris Thompson on stage
Raimondo Meli Lupi and John Helliwell converse before Andy Warhol masterpieces
The conference speakers: Marcus Bicknell, Gisella Merello, Giuseppe Bessone and Valerie Lester
Valerie Lester signing copies of her books
How have rock music, a modern day Italian marquis, an 18th century typographer and the Victorian polymath become entwined in a rich flurry of culture in Parma this week?
The story starts in the Charlie Chaplin film lot in Hollywood, California, in February 1977... that was the head-quarters of one of the most dynamic private record labels of the 70s and 80s, A&M Records, master-minded by Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss. A&M's underground rock band Supertramp is about to burst onto the international stage with Even in the Quietest Moments released in April 1977. Band members are around the offices meeting record company executives and promoting the new LP.
Fresh-faced Marcus Bicknell, 29 years old, was appointed to the new post of CEO, A&M Records Europe, in January 1977 and was spending induction time on the lot with the A&Mers to understand the company's business ethics and to prepare the establishment of their new office in Paris. John Helliwell, Supertramp's ingenious and characterful sax-player and front man, struck up a conversation with Marcus which has continued for nearly 42 years. As Supertramp's massive hits rolled out across Europe, John was most frequently the Supertramper who travelled round the continent to promote upcoming records and concerts to the radio stations and journalists, Marcus pulling the strings. Their friendship and extra-mural activities flourished; in 1982 John and his wife Christine joined Marcus and his wife Susie on 1000cc Honda motorcycles in a tour of France, the four of them sporting white leathers provided by Patrice Blanc-Francard's France Inter radio station and in-helmet CB radio walk-in-talkies.
Years later, as John's music career develops into jazz with his Creme Anglaise and on tour round Germany with Excalibur he accepts the invitation from Italian guitarist Raimondo Meli Lupi to play in Parma. For October 2018, Raimondo has also invited Chris Thompson, the voice on Manfred Mann's Blinded by the Light, to play both rock classics (including a couple of Supertramp's hits from Quietest Moments) and some mellifluous jazz-influenced tunes.
John and Marcus get talking about the 2018 Clarence Bicknell centenary, which is already packed with 40 events - film projection, book launches and talks - in 5 countries. Hmm... John mentions his friend Raimondo who is at the core of Parma's cultural firmament, involved not just in music but in the Meli Lupi Foundation, charities and sports promotion. What about a Clarence Bicknell event in Parma. Raimondo seizes the opportunity, contacts his friend Professor Marcello Tomaselli of the School of Botany at the Università degli Studi di Parma. A date is set for 10th October for the projection of the film about Clarence Bicknell, a botanist above all the elements of his career, and presentations by Gisella Merello, Giuseppe Bessone of Bordighera and me, Marcus Bicknell, always credited as Clarence's nephew. Oh, and on the 12th and 13th October, John Helliwell, Chris Thompson, Raimondo Meli Lupi and his musician friends will play the concerts in Parma... we will all get to experience the music too.
This plan is too much for Valerie Lester back in Boston. The biographer of Clarence Bicknell is also the biographer of Parma's greatest son, Giambattista Bodoni, the prince of typographers, a man who as printer to the royal court was the Rupert Murdoch and the Mark Zuckerberg of middle Italy in the 18th century, the man through whose printing presses all communication flowed. Valerie had spent many months on 5 visits to Parma's archives between 2008 and 2013 and had fallen in love with the place. Her Bodoni was published in 2016. She was not able to travel to Bordighera and Tende for the July 2018 Clarence Bicknell celebrations so she booked the flights to Parma. We added her to the list of speakers and Parma cocked an ear.
By a remarkable alignment of the planets, Helliwell, Meli Lupi, Bicknell and Lester are united this week in Parma. As I write, we are revelling in the acclaim for the Clarence Bicknell film and seminar on Wednesday; our ears are still buzzing with the roof-raising music of the Friday night concert.
The City of Parma enjoyed the Bicknell event; the dynamic council member fo the Environment and Culture, Tiziana Benassi, came to the event and welcomed us all from the podium... "we have an obligation to preserve and promote culture". In the meantime Il Marchese Raimondo Meli Lupi di Soragna (for, yes, it is he) has been spoiling us rotten with elegant dining at his country home (indeed, Parma ham) plus visits to Parmesan cheese factories and art galleries. Valerie took us to the Bodoni Museum where she spent so much time studying and where we saw the collection of type matrices and fonts, press, printing equipment and print samples, normally closed to the public. Next door, the Teatro Farnese is the world's biggest theatre made entirely from wood, a mind-blowing space.
No, Clarence was never a rock guitarist. But the culture of the 21st century is as vibrant as that of the 19th century. We can look back on this week, as on Clarence's life's work, with pleasure and pride.
We also learn (thank you John Helliwell, Raimondo Meli Lupi, Professor Marcello Tomaselli, Tiziana Benassi, Giuseppe Bessone, Gisela Merello Folli and Valerie Lester) that one of the greatest privileges of life is the willingness to say "Yes".
Marcus Bicknell 12 October 2018, Parma
RESEARCH - Clarence Bicknell and folklore
Was Clarence a spiritualist in later life? It was so fashionable in Victorian parlours, was it not? When he gave up his activities in the Anglican Church in 1879, on arrival in Bordighera, he continued to be passionate about religion in general; he had even preached about his eucumenical principles and the need to respect those who worship a different god. I quote from Valerie Lester's biography of Clarence... MARVELS... below.
Now a notebook written by Clarence in 1907 has come to light in the Bicknell collection. The motivation to publish it has come from my cousin Renchi Bicknell who feels many personal links with Clarence and is preparing to talk in Glastonbury on 15th November about Clarence's "other" beliefs. Did his interest in other beliefs extend to spiritualism, the supernatural and to "the other side". Well yes... Giovanni Russo of the Museo Bicknell in Bordighera, expert on Clarence's books, has noted several titles written by others, but on these very subjects. The complete list is on this web site (click on The Man, then on Bibliography) and I have listed a few of the more interesting ones below.
In the meantime I have scanned the notebook and am hoping that Renchi will transcribe it so that we can read it more easily on the internet. For the time being you can download the scan in pdf and have a look. Just 17 pages, in pencil; it looks like a notebook he would use when he could not think of anywhere else to write his experiences.
Download Clarence Bicknell Folklore in pdf here
Excerpt from Valerie Lester's MARVELS: The Life of Clarence Bicknell, page 48, on the moment when Clarence antagonised his congregation with talk of other faiths
"In May, Bordighera was in a frenzy of excitement over the celebration of St Ampelio's day. (Clarence's spelling of Ampelio/Ampeglio varies.) A week before the actual anniversary on the 14th, Clarence attended a service in the parish church where the parishioners 'were keeping a Novena for S. Ampeglio, his arm bone being on the altar in a [case], surrounded by candles . . . a litany sung & hymns & then the kneeling congregation . . . were blessed by the relic . . . I thought it all very horrible & was glad to be out again.' This revulsion did not dim Clarence's enthusiasm for the saint. On the Sunday before the anniversary, he gave notice of the feast of S. Ampelio to the congregation of All Saints, 'to the astonishment of Protestants & Anglicans who are so anti-Roman or so insular that they cannot understand how we can love to rejoice with them that do rejoice, & confess the unity of all without holding to strict doctrines of one kind or another.'
"On 14 May itself, a crucial day in Clarence's religious journey, he wrote in his diary, 'S. Ampelio – Hermit of the Thebaid, blacksmith by trade, wafted in his westward wanderings to the Italian shore, to Bordighera where in a cave on the shore he is said to have lived & taught & died – We had our Chapel decorated & H.C. at 8. when I said a few words about the festival & why we sd. keep it right joyously, in order to rejoice with those who rejoiced.' The celebration of St Ampelio did not sit well with the conservative faction at All Saints."
Copyright © 2018 Valerie Lester. ISBN 978 1 7890 1494 5 hardback
Some books which belonged to Clarence Bicknell and which are now in the Biblioteca Civica Internazionale in Bordighera. With thanks to Giovanni Russo of the Museo Bicknell for his research and the list:
Rêve blanc / Henri Ardel. – Paris : Plon, 1895. – 281 p. ; 18 cm Coll. ARD., BIB 32807. C. Bicknell
The devil in Britain and America / by John Ashton. – York : Ward and Downey, 1896. – x, 363 p. ; 23 cm Coll. 235 ASH, BIL 6809, 13639 barrato. C. Bicknell
The Hebrew prophet / by Loring W. Batten. – London : Methuen & co., 1905. – x, 351 p. ; 20 cm Coll. 296 BAT, BIL 6880, 13734 barrato. C Bicknell 1907
A buddhist catechism : an outline of the doctrine of the Buddha Gotama in the form of question and answer / by Subhadra Bhikshu. – London : Redway, 1890. – 92 p. ; 18 cm Coll. 294 BHI, BIL 6952, 13766. C. Bicknell
Complications sentimentales / Paul Bourget. – Paris : Lemerre, 1898. – 358 p. ; 18 cm. Coll. F. BOU, 32791. C. Bicknell
The manners, customs and condition of the North American indians / by George Catlin. – London : published by the author, 1841. – 2 v. : ill. ; 26 cm 572.9 CAT, BIL 1881-1881, 13747-13748 barrato. C. Bicknell
The supernatural : its origin, nature, and evolution / by John H. King. – London : Williams and Norgate ; New York : Putnam's sons, 1892. – 2 v. : ill. ; 22 cm. Coll 133 KIN, BIL 6997-6998, barrato 13773-13774. – C Bicknell Photo of the cover embedded in this article
Apparitions and thought-transference: an examination of the evidence for telepathy / by Frank Podmore. – London : Scott, 1894. – xiv, 395 p. ; 18 cm. – The contemporary science series ; 26 Coll. 133 POD, Bil 6869, 13724 barrato. C. Bicknell
Modern spiritualism : a history and criticism / by Frank Podmore. – London : Methuen & co., 1902. – 2 v. ; 23 cm Coll. 133 POD, BIL 1555-1556, 13614-13615 barrato. C. Bicknell 1907
NEWS - MARVELS reviewed in Venue magazine
Delighted to say that Valerie Lester's MARVELS: the Life of Clarence Bicknell has had a review in another useful publication, VENUE magazine, Arts for the East of England based in Cambridge. The review will come out in their autumn edition. There are some really nice compliments in the revue.
For a pdf print copy of this image please click here.
By the way, I have professionally-printed copies of the A4 flyer for MARVELS with the revue in Country Life (August 15, 2018) on the back. If anyone would like a stock of these flyers for display or giving to friends then please let me know and I will mail them. I attach this flyer for your info, in two files, recto and verso.
NEWS - Ode to Clarence and Valerie in Hingham
Skribita de Marcus Bicknell on 18 Septembro 2018 .
The USA launch of MARVELS, as previewed in the Hingham Journal, took place in the Hingham Public Library on Wednesday 12th September.
Valerie Lester, the author, addressed her home crowd about the 5 year research and writing of MARVELS and introduced the film The Marvels of Clarence Bicknell. Susie and Marcus Bicknell then presented on Clarence's art. The question and answer session was particularly lively as several VIPs were there including Bruce Kennett (author, scholar on arts and crafts design especially W.A. Dwiggins), David Godine (owner and publisher, David Godine) and Sue Ramin who works for him.
Marcus Bicknell, the editor of this website and chairman of the Clarence Bicknell Association was moved to verse in honour of Valerie's triumph there. Download the Ode to Clarence and Valerie at Hingham in pdf here.
Events - Clarence Bicknell Centenary Talks in Bordighera
There will be three talks in the International Civic Library (Biblioteca Civica Internazionale) of Bordighera as part of the 2018 Clarence Bicknell Centenary:
6 October at 16:30. Clarence Bicknell Centenary Talk by Fulvio Cervini: Photographing the Ideal Landscape; Ezio Benigni's Liguria
13 October at 16:30. Clarence Bicknell Centenary Talk by Giovanni Russo: His personal collection at the Civic Library; the books of Clarence Bicknell
18 October at 16:30. Clarence Bicknell Centenary Talk by Gisella Merello: Clarence Bicknell's first encounter with Bordighera
NEWS - Exhibition in Ventimiglia open 8 September
Opening in Ventimiglia, Italy, this Saturday, an exhibition of drawings by Andrea Guerzoni inspired by the memory of Clarence Bicknell, in the splendid Museo Civico Archeologico "Girolamo Rossi" which runs till the end of September. See the flyer to the right for opening times.
Andrea Guerzoni's artwork and his exhibition at the Museo Civico Archeologico Girolamo Rossi, Ventimiglia, in September 2018 are a great tribute to Clarence Bicknell whose centenary has been celebrated round Europe in 2018. We find this a creative and exciting way to bring Clarence's botanical drawings and Andrea's work to life. We find it fascinating and we are grateful for the tribute he pays to Clarence. The Bicknell family congratulates Andrea and our association is proud to be working together in any way.
We have translated the comments Andrea wrote about the exhibition and you can download it here
With thanks to Dssa. Daniela Gandolfi and the staff of the Museo Rossi for their efforts for the Clarence Bicknell 2018 Centenary.
NEWS - Revue L'Alpe covers Clarence and the Merveilles
We are very pleased with the article Les Merveilles de Clarence Bicknell by Jean-Loup Fontana in the monthly magazine Revue L'Alpe numéro 81 of July 2018. You can see the whole magazine at https://www.lalpe.com/lalpe-81-plein-sud-des-ecrins-a-la-mediterranee/
As the text is difficult to read online (they would like you to buy copies of the magazine) we are making available a pdf of this article alone, which you can download here:
Les Merveilles de Clarence Bicknell in pdf
This pdf version is not available to the public so please do not share it widely.
News - MARVELS reviewed in Boston USA, event preview
Skribita de Marcus Bicknell on 31 Aŭgusto 2018 .
Review of MARVELS and preview of the USA book launch on September 12th... in the Hingham Journal, clearly one of Boston's leading, and best-informed, newspapers!
Hingham author Valerie Browne Lester's recently-published biography about the life of the multi-talented botanist/archaeologist/artist Clarence Bicknell coincides with the 2018 centenary of his death, but it is also the captivating story of his remarkable life.
"Bicknell was absolutely charming, witty, and genial -- devoting his life to the enrichment of knowledge," she said.
Hingham Public Library will host an "Evening with the Author" event Wednesday, Sept. 12, at 7 p.m., when Lester will present "Marvels: The Life of Clarence Bicknell," featuring a film screening of a movie about Bicknell's life introduced by his great-grand nephew -- London-based Marcus Bicknell. Both will be available to answer questions at the end of the presentation. Lester, who does much of her writing at the Hingham library, was in the United Kingdom in June for a similar launch of the book at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge University. She was born in England.
"I think Hingham Public Library and its programs are stellar," she said. "I also love living in Hingham because of its proximity to the water, the beach, its historic architecture, and World's End."
Research ...
Lester spent five years researching Bicknell's life, poring over hundreds of newly-discovered letters, diary entries, arts-and-crafts designs, and botanical watercolors in a number of archives, including the Fitzwilliam Museum, the Natural History Museum, Genoa University, and the Conservatoire Botanique in Geneva.
"Marcus had inherited lots and lots of material about Bicknell -- photos, sketchbooks, stories, and correspondence," which were invaluable in her research, Lester said.
The book, which features more than 200 images (photographs and drawings), provides valuable insights into how and why Bicknell -- a product of the late-Victorian Enlightenment -- strove for perfection in every subject he tackled. He desired to understand the world and to express what it's all about in a creative way. Bicknell's time in Bordighera on the Italian Riviera and Casterino in the Maritime Alps near the Vallee des Merveilles, now in France, provides a compelling backdrop for the story of this life and achievements. Interestingly, after graduating in mathematics from Cambridge University, Bicknell decided to enter the Church of England to become a priest.
"After about 12 years in the church he lost his faith and moved to the Italian Riviera, where his religious energy was turned toward nature," Lester said. "Then he became a botanist, and like so many Victorians, a list-maker."
Thousands of watercolors ...
Bicknell went on to write two books about the flora of Liguria, "painting literally thousands of watercolors of flowers and also creating designs which he made into albums," Lester said.
Then he started going to the mountains -- becoming an archaeologist and writing about the rock carvings he discovered there.
"Bicknell copied the carvings by doing rubbings and also wrote a definitive book about the rock carvings of the Maritime Alps," she said.
Lester, an independent scholar, writer, and translator, is descended from Bicknell's grandparents. She is also the author of "Fasten Your Seat Belts!"; "Heroism in the Pan Am Cabin," (she is a former Pan Am stewardess); "Phiz, The Man Who Drew Dickens," a biography of Hablot Knight Browne, Dickens' main illustrator, who was also Bicknell's uncle and Lester's great-great-grandfather; as well as other books, poetry, plays, and articles -- with more to come!
"I always wrote letters, but I started writing seriously at the age of 40 -- poetry at first, then a couple of plays and an as-yet-unpublished novel that I'm still working on, the Pan Am book, and then I started writing biographies," Lester recalled.
For the Bicknell biography, Marcus Bicknell assembled "Team Bicknell" composed of an amateur botanist, an archaeologist, a landscape architect, and an arts and crafts specialist.
"Marcus was the driving force and I was the principal writer," Lester said. "They would all feed me information on their subjects and also material to incorporate into the book."
Amazing discovery ...
For instance, the botanist discovered a cache of 690 letters in a botanical museum in Geneva written by Clarence to another botanist. The two men became friends over time. One of Lester's favorite parts of writing a book is traveling to other countries to gather information. "I love doing research," she said.
"Bicknell was quite a combination of talents," according to Lester. Not only was he an archaeologist, botanist, and artist (sometimes his botanic art was tinged with whimsy), he was also an author, traveler, Anglican priest, humanist, philanthropist, and Esperantist. (Esperanto is constructed language based on roots from the main European languages, devised in the late 1880s as an international medium of communication.) "Clarence Bicknell was a man of peace, becoming an Esperantist shortly before World War I. He believed that people who spoke a common language would be less likely to wage war against each other."
'A wonderful book' ...
Bruce Kennett, author of W.A. Dwiggins: A Life in Design" -- who recently introduced this fascinating book about the late longtime Hingham resident during an earlier "Evening with the Author" -- has high praises for "Marvels." "Lester describes Bicknell's active life in vivid detail, giving her readers a sense of his sweet disposition and drive to discover, and a good taste of the places and time in which he lived," Kennett said in a review of the book. "In addition to the fine narrative, the book is filled with photographs and drawings that enrich the story. A wonderful book."
Lester says she hopes readers of "Marvels" will have a "really pleasant armchair travel experience and come to understand the life of this talented Victorian bachelor. We know all the big Victorian names such as Darwin, but there are so many [unknown] people like Bicknell who led fascinating lives while contributing so much to the general [good]," Lester said. "Because he was wealthy he could lead a life devoted to the enrichment of knowledge."
Copies of "Marvels" will be available for signing at the event and may also be purchased through Amazon and at clarencebicknell.com, which commemorates the life and work of Bicknell.
"Clarence might be the forgotten genius of 19th-Century science, arts, and crafts," the website states. "Our activities aim to put that right."
News - MARVELS reviewed in Country Life
The new biography of Clarence Bicknell, MARVELS, has been reviewed in Country Life this week. If you can't read it from the jpeg then it is here in a reformatted text form. Click here.
This is a great breakthrough in our efforts to get Clarence in front of a wider public; this is the first mass media coverage of his work. Coming on top of the four exhibitions still running (Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge; Wren Library, Trinity College, Cambridge; Musée des Merveilles, Tende, France; and Museo Bicknell, Bordighera, Italy) and the strong response to MARVELS the book, we can hereby declare the 2018 Clarence Bicknell Centenary ... A SUCCESS.
Buy your copy now from www.clarencebicknell.com/en/shop, from Amazon or from retailers.
Pliaj artikoloj...
NEWS - Marvels, The Life of Clarence Bicknell - info sheets
NEWS - Clarence linked from the British Institute in Florence
NEWS - Clarence centenary exhibition in Bordighera on television
In Clarence's Time - his trip to Ceylon in 1908
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Each return to AUMA Scandinavia AB shall be preceded by an agreement. If there is no agreement, the return/complaint is not accepted. If you wish to credit the returned goods, it should be flawless and in original condition.
1. Fill in the form below when returning goods.


I am so happy that Christmas is less than 4 weeks away and that I have pretty much wrapped up (pardon the pun) our Christmas shopping. And frankly so I should have considering I started back in June or July, Haha.
One of the first things I purchased was Elsie's Miniland doll from Oliver Twisty Tales and although Elsie has a beautiful collection of handmade dolls they are more keepsakes than everyday "Elsie could very well throw you in a puddle" kind of dolls. Miniland dolls are even designed to go in the bath and be up and ready for round 2 the following day. That said Minland dolls don't come with a whole lot of accessories, in fact they literally come in their singlet and undies, and so I made it my business to find the cutest handmade items from some of my fave handmade ladies.
I adore Sarah Jane Studio illustrations and her latest fabric range 'Magic' by Michael Miller fabrics is absolute perfection. Think unicorns, mermaids, dragons, rabbits, wizards and beautiful children in the prettiest of pastels. I just knew I had to have the accessories for this doll made up in this range.
Firstly we needed outfits and I enlisted the help of my amazingly talented friend Kira of Blooms and Butterflies Doll Studio who used a "Dolly Dress" pattern from Ainslee Fox to create the following 3 stunning outfits.
And that crown? I know you are all wondering about it, well that is designed and created from the one and only Squirrel and Fink. And in the true spirit of matchy-matchy goodness I had a crown made up for Elsie too.
to see Elsie trotting around everywhere in this!
Look at those beautiful 'Lace Wing' Butterfly Wings for Elsie and her doll's very own pair too!
At the end of the day I am guilty of casting my clothes aside rather unceremoniously, but mine are nowhere near as pretty as this Miniland Doll's, so of course she needed somewhere lovely to display hers. This clothing rack by Tres Collective was a custom piece that I requested and because Holly is not only of the loveliest people to deal with she is also a pro at custom woodwork and this gorgeous piece was the result. Coathangers and all!
So now I wait til Christmas and hope Elsie loves it all as much as I do. Thank you to the wonderful handmaidens involved, you are all crazy talented! Please take a moment to stop by and take a closer look at their work, you will be amazed!


The juice of this naturally sweet root vegetable may help improve exercise endurance. The beets are steamed in this recipe, which keeps fat to a minimum.
Preheat oven to 350F. Lightly coat six 4-ounce ramekins or ovenproof cups with cooking spray. In a large bowl, whisk together oil, sugar, eggs, lemon zest, and vanilla until well blended, about 2 minutes. Then stir in grated beets.
In a separate bowl, sift together flour, baking soda, baking powder, salt, and allspice, then add to the beet mixture, combining well. Fold in the raspberries. Divide the mixture among the prepared cups.
Place cups in a baking pan and fill the pan with enough boiling water to reach halfway up the sides of the cups. Bake until the top of the cake springs back when lightly touched, 15 to 25 minutes. Cool 10 minutes, then turn cakes out of cups. Serve warm with Greek yogurt and fresh raspberries.


text:
package consulo.ui.desktop.internal.util;

import com.intellij.util.BitUtil;
import consulo.ui.Component;
import consulo.ui.event.KeyListener;

import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

/**
 * @author VISTALL
 * @since 2019-11-07
 */
public class AWTKeyAdapterAsKeyListener extends KeyAdapter {
  private final Component myComponent;
  private final KeyListener myKeyListener;

  public AWTKeyAdapterAsKeyListener(Component component, KeyListener keyListener) {
    myComponent = component;
    myKeyListener = keyListener;
  }

  @Override
  public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
    myKeyListener.keyPressed(new consulo.ui.event.KeyEvent(myComponent, e.getKeyCode(), getUIModifiers(e)));
  }

  @Override
  public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
    myKeyListener.keyPressed(new consulo.ui.event.KeyEvent(myComponent, e.getKeyCode(), getUIModifiers(e)));
  }

  private static int getUIModifiers(KeyEvent e) {
    int value = 0;

    value = BitUtil.set(value, consulo.ui.event.KeyEvent.M_ALT, e.isAltDown());
    value = BitUtil.set(value, consulo.ui.event.KeyEvent.M_CTRL, e.isControlDown());
    value = BitUtil.set(value, consulo.ui.event.KeyEvent.M_SHIFT, e.isShiftDown());
    return value;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Hairspray - Review - London Coliseum
The iconic show returns at the Coliseum
The highly anticipated hit musical, directed by Jack O'Brien, is back: Hairspray is running at the London Coliseum. Packed with utterly joyous scenes, this is the perfect show for everyone to see this summer.
It's Baltimore in 1962, and those with big hair often have big dreams. Tracy Turnblad, played by Lizzie Bea, is striving for success though knows change must come before that can happen. With ambition, she tries to land a role on a local TV dance show, and acquire a boyfriend- Link Larkin, played by Jonny Amies- much to the distaste of snobby teen Amber Von Tussle (Georgia Anderson), all while aspiring to make the world a better place. Political notions on femininity and racial segregation are constant battles, therefore always being current topics, though explored here through dazzling dance sequences (choreographed by Jerry Mitchell) and an infectious score by Scott Wittman and Marc Shaiman. Cleverly incorporating humour to discuss important issues, the show breaks away from its caricatured atmosphere to shed light on these in an upbeat and engaging way.
Opening the show with 'Good Morning Baltimore', Lizzie Bea triumphs- a star shining bright on stage- really displaying her talent through the entire show. 'Welcome to the 60s' brings the whole cast together to showcase the combined flair from all. Featuring Michael Ball reviving his critically acclaimed role as Edna Turnblad, the charismatic mother, he excellently fulfils this in every scene entered, but particularly when leading 'Mama I'm a Big Girl Now'. Les Dennis is the other half, Wilbur Turnblad, and despite not having such a strong voice, he provides lots of laughs, particularly in the hilarious duet with Michael, '(You're) Timeless to Me'. Marisha Wallace, as Motormouth Maybelle, excels once again, especially with an electric rendition of 'I Know Where I've Been', while Seaweed displays both some killer vocals, and moves to match whenever on stage.
The iconic 'You Can't Stop the Beat' lifts the roof and creates an energetic atmosphere unlike any other, rounding up the show so that it's nothing short of wonderful.
Fast-paced set changes (devised by David Rockwell) utilise the space well, and Hairspray wouldn't be much without the costumes (designed by William Ivey Long), notably the exuberant and flamboyant numbers that encapsulate the 60s. Though some bits may appear as if they don't flow and feel a bit odd, this adds to the nature of the show, doesn't deter from it being spectacular, and a very memorable performance that will keep you thoroughly entertained throughout.
Hairspray has truly earned its legacy, encompassing everything theatre should be.
It runs until 29 September. Tickets: here.
Review: Hannah Crouch Photo: Tristam Kenton


text:
Q: How to make global helper that returns users profile name? How to make register helper that returns users profile name?
I want to make a global template helper that would show a users profile name in the view. So, the use case would be I have one template that list items, another for messages and another lastly displaying the item on its own page. This is what I have so far:

client/helpers.js

// if we used items as a example, make its so the item template can see the specific item.
Template.items.helpers({
  items: function() {
    return Items.find();
  },
});

Template.registerHelper("usernameFromId", function (userId) {
  var user = Meteor.users.findOne({_id: userId});
  return user.profile.name;
});

client/subscriptions.js

Meteor.subscribe('allUsernames');

server/publications.js

Meteor.publish("allUsernames", function () {
  return Meteor.users.find({},
    { fields: { 'profile.name': 1 }
  });
});

client/templates/item.html

<template name="item">
 {{usernameFromId user}}
</template>

This does nothing, where am I in error?

UPDATE

No changes yet, as I'm not sure what to do.

A: The code is actually correct. In order to make the global helper I had to change:
var user = Meteor.users.findOne({_id: userId});

to
var user = Meteor.users.findOne({_id: this.userId});

So the complete function is:
Template.registerHelper("usernameFromId", function (userId) {
  var user = Meteor.users.findOne({_id: this.userId});
  return user.profile.name;
});

Thanks commentators!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Oceanis 41.1 is a superb sailboat built by Beneteau at the same time comfortable and with good stability at sea. Without any worries, it will allow you to face the famous trade winds crossing the Cyclades. Located in Athens Lavrion, Greece, this Oceanis 41.1 (3 double cabins), available for bareboat, built in 2017 by Beneteau, is capable of hosting up to 8 passengers. Further more, and for a complete bareboat charter journey, Oceanis 41.1 comes with bow thruster, electronic on board and equipped galley.
This sailing yacht is available for bareboat charter with a base price of 2 680 € (approximatly 3 022 $).


111 B S Mcdonald St is a $550 home located in Mcdonald Wsh, PA.
Located in the heart of downtown McDonald, this storefront boasts roughly 520 square feet of space. Your windows face the busy thoroughfare of South McDonald Street.
I am interested in 111 B S Mcdonald St, Mcdonald Wsh, PA 15057.


With an oral examination and x-rays of the mouth, Dr. Pulsipher can evaluate the position of the wisdom teeth and predict if there are present or may be future problems. Studies have shown that early evaluation and treatment result in a superior outcome for the patient. Patients are generally first evaluated in the mid-teenage years by their dentist, orthodontist or by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon.
All outpatient surgery is performed under appropriate anesthesia to maximize patient comfort. Dr. Pulsipher has the training, license and experience to provide various types of anesthesia for patients to select the best alternative.
In most cases, the removal of wisdom teeth is performed under local anesthesia, laughing gas (nitrous oxide/oxygen analgesia) or general anesthesia. These options, as well as the surgical risks (i.e., sensory nerve damage, sinus complications), will be discussed with you before the procedure is performed. Once the teeth are removed, the gum is sutured. To help control bleeding, bite down on the gauze placed in your mouth. You will rest under our supervision in the office until you are ready to be taken home. Upon discharge, your postoperative kit will include postoperative instructions, a prescription for pain medication, antibiotics, and a follow-up appointment in one week for suture removal. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to call us at Coeur d'Alene Office Phone Number (208) 676-8500.
We know that many young adults have fears associated with having their wisdom teeth extracted, and that's why at Riverstone Dental Care, located in Coeur d'Alene, we treat this procedure with care. Please contact us today for more information on wisdom tooth extraction.


Comitán ( ) (formally: Comitán de Domínguez, for Belisario Domínguez) is the fourth-largest city in the Mexican state of Chiapas. It is the seat of government of the municipality of the same name.
It is located in the east-central part of Chiapas, near the border with Guatemala at 16.25°N 92.13°W / 16.25; -92.13. The municipality has an area of 1,043.30 km² (402.82 sq mi). Its largest other community is the town of Villahermosa Yalumá.
The original name given by the local Maya peoples is Balún Canán ("Nine stars"). It was later changed to Comitán de las Flores and, in 1915, to Comitán de Domínguez, after Dr. Belisario Domínguez, who gave a memorable speech in Congress against the dictator Victoriano Huerta for which he was murdered.
As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 141,013, up from 121,263 as of 2005.
As of 2010, the city of Comitán had a population of 97,537, up from 83,571 as of 2005. Other than the city of Comitán, the municipality had 340 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Villahermosa Yalumá (2,368), San José Yocnajab (1,809), La Floresta (1,743), Los Riegos (1,740), Francisco Sarabia (1,673), Cash (1,429), Señor del Pozo (1,353), Zaragoza la Montaña (1,263), Efraín A. Gutiérrez (1,153), and Chacaljocom (1,056), classified as rural.
Tourists in Comitán can see many ecotourism sights including Mayan ruins, Lagos de Montebello which are beautiful lakes complete with cabins and tour guides for those who want them, El Chiflon which is a series of waterfalls (this costs a few pesos to enter), Tenam Puente which is an archeological Mayan Cultural place, and others. Comitán is approximately 2 hours away from San Cristobal by bus and approximately 3 hours away from Tuxtla. It is common for locals to travel 2 hours on the bus to see San Cristobal and then travel an additional hour in order to reach Tuxtla.


text:
Flashy News
Elizabeth Warren Is Officially Running For President
flashy news 09.02.2019
LAWRENCE, Mass. ― Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren officially announced her presidential bid near the banks of the Merrimack River here on Saturday, picking a highly symbolic location that points to both long, worker-centric political tradition Warren seeks to inherit and the challenge she might face in winning over an increasingly diverse Democratic party.
"This is the fight of our lives. The fight to build an America where dreams are possible, an America that works for everyone. I am in that fight all the way," Warren said at the Everett Mills, where a group of Polish women walked off the job in January 1912, setting off the famous Bread and Roses Strike, when tens of thousands of immigrant workers united to shut down the city's textile mills for the winter, winning substantial raises and safer work conditions.
Brian Snyder / Reuters
Elizabeth Warren is done exploring. She's running for president.
Warren's official entry into the race to win the Democratic nod to challenge President Donald Trump in 2020 has been expected since she announced the formation of an exploratory committee in late December. She joins a field that already includes three of her fellow Democratic senators ― New Jersey's Cory Booker, California's Kamala Harris and New York's Kirsten Gillibrand ― and could soon include Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders and former Vice President Joe Biden, along with a host of other candidates.
She launched her campaign with an introduction from Rep. Joe Kennedy III, winning the blessing of the highest-profile member of the first family of Democratic politics, and with the backing of the Progressive Change Campaign Committee and fellow Democratic Massachusetts Sen. Ed Markey.
"We need a leader that will restore the solidarity that Donald Trump stole," said Kennedy, a former student of Warren's at Harvard Law School. "A leader that will bring us together to confront our great threat: A system that protects the powerful and the privileged."
There's a practical reason to announce in Lawrence ― it's a quick, 10-minute drive to New Hampshire, which hosts the first-in-the-nation primary ― but the symbolic reasons to choose the former mill town 40 minutes north of Boston instead of a more prominent locale are stronger. The Bread and Roses Strike, which was led in large part by women, immigrants and immigrant women, is a rich historical text for Warren to invoke during a speech announcing her bid. It allows Warren to connect to a landmark moment in labor history, and it also links her directly to one of just a handful of majority-minority cities in her home state, giving her a chance to show her appeal to the voters who may ultimately decide the 2020 Democratic presidential primary.
"It's about immigrants, it's about women, it's about workers' rights, it's about pay equity," said Mary Anne Marsh, a Boston-based Democratic strategist. "It's about everything Elizabeth Warren has spent her life fighting for."
The Bread and Roses strike began in response to a pay cut of 32 cents a week. The roughly 30,000 people who worked in the mills were crowded into tenement houses, having arrived in Lawrence from more than 50 different nations. Seven of the eight people who worked in the Mills were either immigrants or the children of immigrants. At the city's dominant employer ― the American Woolen Company ― half of the employees were women between the ages of 14 and 18. While doctors in Lawrence had a life expectancy of 65, more than one-third of mill workers died before age 25.
The strike quickly led to clashes with local police, and a state militia was called in. The International Workers of the World organized the strikers, and soon news of the strike was dominating the nation's newspapers. Wealthy suffragettes, believing their struggle for the right to vote was linked to that of the strikers, began supporting them financially. To draw additional attention to the cause, the mothers of Lawrence sent their children by train to New York City, a so-called "Children's Exodus." The sight of the malnourished children drew more sympathy to the strikers' cause. In late February, as a second group of children prepared to leave for Philadelphia, police began clubbing them and their parents. The violence drew further condemnation, and soon both the U.S. House and Senate began investigating the conditions in Lawrence.
In March, owners agreed to a 15 percent raise for the mill workers, to give double pay for overtime and to improve safety conditions in the mills. The eventual agreement ending the strike was read aloud in Arabic, Polish, Armenian and a slew of other languages, reflecting the diversity of the strikers.
Journalist Bruce Watson, in his book on the strike, "Bread and Roses: Mills, Migrants, and the Struggle for the American Dream," wrote that in 1912, "the great rudder of a stable society, the middle class, had not yet been invented." But within months of the end of the strike, Warren noted, Massachusetts became the first state in the country with a minimum wage, part of a newly empowered labor movement that would soon win a 40-hour work week and the elimination of child labor.
In Warren's telling of American history, the middle class that the strike helped create over the following decades has fallen by the wayside. "This wasn't an accident. It wasn't inevitable," she said, pointing the finger at power-hungry lobbyists, misguided Republicans and the corrupting influence of corporate money on politics that she said had derailed progress on everything from gun control to climate change. "Over the years, America's middle class had been deliberately hollowed out."
To fix it, Warren argues, involves more than throwing Trump out of office, and requires a more aggressive form of liberal politics. "Today, millions and millions and millions of American families are also struggling to survive in a system that has been rigged by the wealthy and the well-connected," she said during her 40-minute speech. "Corruption is a cancer on our democracy. And we will get rid of it only with strong medicine ― with real, structural reform."
But Lawrence's story is as much about immigration as it is about labor. "The city of Lawrence symbolizes what our country stands for. The wave after wave of immigrants who come to this country seeking a better life," said Juana Matias, an immigrant from the Dominican Republic who previously represented Lawrence in the Massachusetts State House. "Warren coming to Lawrence demonstrates the commitment she has to the middle class."
Instead of the polyglot immigrant community that existed in 1912, Lawrence today is dominated by immigrants from the Dominican Republic and emigres from Puerto Rico. The city, which is nearly three-quarters Latino in a state that is roughly three-quarters white, has struggled. A 2014 story in Boston Magazine labeled it "The City of the Damned," documenting a state takeover of the city's failing public schools, a high crime rate and the corruption investigations plaguing its then-mayor, William Lantigua.
It has also become a favorite target of Republican attacks. In a 2018 speech in New Hampshire, Trump blamed Lawrence and Boston by name for the deadly opioid epidemic ravaging New England. Chris Sununu, New Hampshire's Republican governor, has used similar rhetoric. Most famously, former Maine Gov. Paul LePage blamed his state's problems with fentanyl on black and Latino people from Lawrence and nearby Lowell.
Matias said things are improving in the city, with better schools and less crime under new mayor Daniel Rivera, who spoke before Warren. A small number of biotech and other firms have moved into the massive mill buildings along the river, but the city remains one of the poorest in the state.
Lawrence's large Latino population ― Trump signaled it out because of its status as sanctuary city where local police don't cooperate with federal immigration officials ― also provides Warren with an opportunity to show her appeal to voters of color. Massachusetts' limited number of black and Latino voters means Warren still needs to show she can appeal to voters outside her core base of white progressives.
After making her way onstage to Dolly Parton's "9 to 5," Warren ticked off a host of policy priorities ― from making it easier to join a union to outlawing gerrymandering to criminal justice reform, but repeatedly returned to her core message of rebuilding the middle class, which she emphasized could appeal to voters across the socioeconomic spectrum.
"We come from different backgrounds, different religions, different languages, different experiences," she told the crowd of roughly 3,500 people who braved freezing temperatures to attend the rally. "We feel the urgency of this moment in different ways. But today, we come together, ready to raise our voices until this fight is won."
After the speech, Warren is set to travel to New Hampshire and then Iowa this weekend, and has trips to South Carolina, Georgia, Nevada and California planned for the coming weeks.
Republicans responded to Warren's campaign launch by focusing on the controversy over the senator's claims to Native American ancestry, which gained new steam this week after The Washington Post reported she identified as Native American on a form filed with the Texas State Bar.
"Elizabeth Warren has already been exposed as a fraud by the Native Americans she impersonated and disrespected to advance her professional career, and the people of Massachusetts she deceived to get elected," said Brad Parscale, Trump's campaign manager.
But there is no evidence Warren's ancestry claims helped her advance her career, and little evidence it will significantly hamper her in the Democratic primary. National and state-level polls place her in the middle of a crowded field. Most have the the best-known candidates, Biden and Sanders, leading the field.
This story has been updated with more details from Warren's announcement.
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