The Houston Independent School District paid tribute on Friday to four of its long-standing, dedicated partners during the Annual Partnership Appreciation Breakfast.
The Houston Astros, Houston Food Bank, IPAA/PESA Education Center and Target each received a 2013 Hall of Fame award for their exemplary service to HISD students. The award is presented to businesses and organizations that have an impact on multiple schools and serve as a model for other partnerships.
This entry was posted in News, Special events, Uncategorized, Volunteers and partnerships and tagged Hall of Fame, HISD, Houston Astros, houston food bank, IPAA/PESA Education Center, Partnership Appreciation Breakfast, Partnerships, Strategic Partnerships, Target on October 25, 2013 by HISD Communications.
What: The Houston Independent School District will pay tribute to four of its long-standing, dedicated partners during the Annual Partnership Appreciation Breakfast. The 2013 theme — HISD Partners: Becoming Great All Over — serves to recognize the importance of our partners and the role they place in students' success. Each of the four honorees will receive a 2013 Hall of Fame award for their exemplary service to HISD students. Winners will be announced during the ceremony.
Who: HISD Board of Education Trustees Juliet Stipeche, Rhonda Skillern-Jones and Michael Lunceford, HISD Chief Business/Community Relations Officer Michele Pola and many district partners.
When: Friday, Oct. 25, 2013 from 7:30 a.m. to 9 a.m. Breakfast starts at 7:30 a.m. with the program following at 8:15 a.m.
This entry was posted in News, Special events, Uncategorized, Volunteers and partnerships and tagged Hall of Fame, HISD, Partnership Appreciation Breakfast, Strategic Partnerships on October 24, 2013 by HISD Communications.
HISD will be celebrating three of its long-standing community partners by inducting them into the district's 2012 Hall of Fame during the annual Partnership Appreciation Breakfast on Friday, October 5 at 8:15a.m. at the Royal Sonesta Hotel (2222 West Loop South).
This year's honorees, KBR, Port of Houston Authority, and Prepared 4 Life,will be recognized for their continued support and efforts to provide extra resources and opportunities for HISD students.
The 2012 event's theme, "Partnership Champions," will recognize the partners' efforts to go above and beyond to help HISD students achieve their dreams through their collaboration.
The KBR partnership began with the original HISD-Halliburton partnership in the 1980s. This partnership provides HISD with volunteers and financial contributions as well as support for organizations that help the district's students. The KBR Discover Engineering group has volunteered for HISD programs as judges for science fairs, Youth Inventors' Showcases, HISD/KBR Science Teacher Award, and FIRST Robotics Competitions. KBR is known for its three year commitment of $25,000 per year beginning in 2009 for the KBR Science Teacher of the Year Award.
The Port of Houston Authority began its partnership with HISD in 1986. Since then, the partnership has evolved to focus on encouraging students to pursue career opportunities in maritime transportation or associated fields. Thousands of students have taken tours of the Ship Channel on the Sam Houston inspection boat. The cornerstone of this partnership is the maritime program at Austin and Yates high schools. Students participating in the maritime program have the benefit of dual course credits, field trips, internships, college scholarship opportunities and maritime industry themed forums. Students also participate in the Port of Houston Authority/Texas Southern University summer transportation academy program and the Boy Scouts of America's Venturing program.
Prepared 4 Life has been an HISD partner since 2005. The partnership began with after-school activities offered at select middle schools to instill life skills, character education and self-reliance. An E-mentoring program was later implemented to help students as well. Prepared 4 Life is noted for sponsoring Lemonade Day which began in 2007 and offers students entrepreneurial experience by encouraging them to select lemonade stand sites while schools choose to have school, grade-level, or classroom stands. To extend the entrepreneurial experience to more students, Serving Up Lemonade was implemented in 2010 for sixth-grade students and expanded the next year to include seventh-grade students.
This entry was posted in Achievement/Recognition and tagged appreciation, breakfast, Hall of Fame, KBR, partnership, Port of Houston Authority, Prepared 4 Life on October 4, 2012 by HISD Communications.


text:
Artificial, Intelligent, and Completely Uninterested in You
Tracy R. Atkins/November 8, 2012
Artificial intelligence is obviously at the forefront of the singularitarian conversation. The bulk of the philosophical discussion revolves around a hypothetical artificial general intelligence's presumed emotional state, motivation, attitude, morality, and intention. A lot of time is spent theorizing the possible personality traits of a "friendly" strong AI or its ominous counterpart, the "unfriendly" AI.
Building a nice and cordial strong artificial intelligence is a top industry goal, while preventing an evil AI from terrorizing the world gets a fair share of attention as well. However, there has been little public and non-academic discussion around the creation of "uninterested" AI. Essentially, this third state of theoretical demeanor or emotional moral disposition for artificial intelligence doesn't concern itself with humanity at all.
Photo credit: Toni Blay, CC2.0
Dreams and hope for friendly or benevolent AI abound. The presumed limitless creativity and invention of these hyper-intelligent machines come with the hope that they will enlighten and uplift humanity, saving us from ourselves during technological singularity. These "helpful" AI discussions are making strides in the public community, no doubt stemming from positive enthusiasm for the subject.
Grim tales and horror stories of malevolent AIs are even more common, pervading our popular culture. Hollywood's fictional accounts of AIs building robots that will hunt us like vermin are all the rage. Although it is questionable that a sufficiently advanced AI would utilize such inefficient means to dispose of us, it still exposes human egotistical fear in the face of superiority.
Both of these human-centric views of AI, as our creation, are in many ways conceited. Because of this, we assign existential risk or a desire for exultation by these AIs, based upon our self-gratifying perception of importance to the artificial intelligence we seek to create.
Pondering the disposition toward humanity that an advanced strong AI will have is conjecture but an interesting thought exercise for the public to debate nonetheless. An advanced artificial general intelligence may simply see men and women in the same light as we view a sperm and egg cell, instead of as mother or father. Perhaps an artificial hyper-intelligence will view its own Seed-AI as its sole progenitor. Maybe it will feel that it has sprung into being through natural evolutionary processes, whereas humans are but a small link in the chain. Alternatively, it may look upon humanity in the same light as we view the Australopithecus africanus, a distant predecessor or ancestor, far too primitive to be on the same cognitive level.
It is assumed that as artificial intelligence increases its capacity far beyond ours the gulf in recognized dissimilarity between it and us will grow. Many speculate that this is a factor that will cause an advanced AI to become calloused or hostile toward humanity. However, this gap in similarity may mean that there will be an overall non-interest in humanity for a theoretical AI. Perhaps non-interest in humanity or human affairs will scale with the difference, widening as the intelligence gap increases. As the AI increases it's capabilities into the hyper-intelligence phase of its existence, which may happen rapidly, behavioral motivations could shift as well. Perhaps a friendly or unfriendly AI in its early stages will "grow out of it" so to speak, or will simply grow apart from us.
It is perhaps narcissistic to believe that our AI creations will have anything more than a passing interest in interacting with the human sphere. We humans have a self-centered stake in creating AI. We see the many advantages to developing friendly AI, where we can utilize its heightened intellect to bolster our own. Even with the fear of unfriendly or hostile AI, we still have optimism that highly intelligent AI creations will still hold enough interest in human affairs to be of great benefit. We are absorbed with the idea of AI and in love with the thought that it will love us in return. Nevertheless, does an intelligence that springs from our own brow really have to concern itself with its legacy?
Will AI view humanity as importantly as we view it?
The universe is inconceivably vast. With increased intelligence comes increased capability to invent and produce technology. Would a sufficiently intelligent AI even bother to stick around, or will it want to leave home, as in William Gibson's popular and visionary novel Neuromancer?
Even a limited-intelligence-being like man does not typically socialize with vastly lower life forms. When was the last time you spent a few hours lying next to an anthill in an effort to have an intellectual conversation? To address the existential risk argument of terminator-building hostile AI, when was the last time you were in a gunfight with a colony of ants? Alternatively, have you ever taken the time to help the ants build a better mound and improve their quality of life?
One could wager that if you awoke next to an anthill, you would make a hasty exit to a distant location where they were no longer a bother. The ants and their complex colony would be of little interest to you. Yet, we do not seem to find it pretentious to think that a far superior intelligence would choose to reside next to our version of the anthill, the human filled Earth.
The best-case scenario of course is that we create a benevolent and friendly AI that will be a return on our investment and benefit all of mankind with interested zeal. That is something that most all of us can agree as a worthy endeavor and a fantastic near future goal. We must also publicly address the existential risk of an unfriendly AI, and mitigate the possibility of bring about our destruction or apocalypse. However, we must also consider the possibility that all of this research, development, and investment will be for naught. Our creation may co-habitat with us while building a wall to separate itself from us in every way. Alternatively, it may simply pack up and leave at the first opportunity.
We should consider and openly discuss all of the possible psychological outcomes that can emerge from the creation of an artificial and intelligent persona, instead of narrowly focusing on only two polar concepts of good and evil. There are myriad philosophical and behavioral theories on the topic of AI that have not even been touched upon here, going beyond the simple good or bad AI public discussion. It is worthy to consider these points and put the spotlight on the brilliant minds that have researched and written about these theories.
AI development will likely be an intertwined and important part of our future. It has been said that the future doesn't need us. Perhaps we should further that sentiment to ask if the future will even care that we exist.
Tracy R. Atkins has been a career technology aficionado since he was young. At the age of eighteen, he played a critical role in an internet startup, cutting his tech-teeth during the dot-com boom. He is a passionate writer whose stories intertwine technology with exploration of the human condition. Tracy is also the self-published author of the singularity fiction novel Aeternum Ray.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Boileau, John. "John Foote, VC". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 23 March 2018, Historica Canada. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-foote. Accessed 18 January 2020.
Boileau, J., John Foote, VC (2018). In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-foote
Boileau, John, "John Foote, VC". In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Article published January 05, 2018; Last Edited March 23, 2018. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-foote
Boileau, John. The Canadian Encyclopedia, s.v. "John Foote, VC", Last Edited March 23, 2018, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-foote
John Foote, VC
Article by John Boileau
Published Online February 7, 2018
Last Edited February 7, 2018
John Weir Foote, VC, Presbyterian minister, soldier, Member of (Ontario) Provincial Parliament, cabinet minister (born 5 May 1904 in Madoc, ON; died 2 May 1988 in Coburg, ON). During the Second World War, Honorary Captain John Foote was the only Canadian chaplain to be awarded the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award for bravery among troops of the British Empire.
Canadian army chaplain John Foote was awarded the Victoria Cross for his bravery during the 1942 Dieppe Raid in the Second World War.
After high school and a brief period of work in his father-in-law's hardware business, John Foote re-entered education full-time to study for the ministry. He attended three universities before graduation from Montréal's Presbyterian Theological College in 1934 and went on to serve congregations in Fort Coulonge, Québec, and Port Hope, Ontario.
War Service
Foote enrolled in the Canadian Chaplain Service on the outbreak of the Second World War as an honorary captain (all chaplain ranks at the time were honorary). Overseas he was attached to the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry, nicknamed the "Rileys."
In 1942, the Rileys were assigned one of the central roles in the 6,000-plus-man Allied raid on the French port of Dieppe. The raid was mounted because opening a second front against German-occupied Europe was impossible in 1942, due to manpower and equipment shortages. Some 4,963 Canadian soldiers — of the 2nd Canadian Division, reinforced by tank and machine-gun battalions — formed the bulk of the assaulting troops. Another 1,075 British commandos and 50 American rangers were attached to assault flanking coastal batteries.
Originally planned by Combined Operations Headquarters in Britain, and scheduled for 5 July 1942 as Operation Rutter, the raid was subsequently cancelled due to bad weather. It was later remounted on the orders of Lord Louis Mountbatten, head of Combined Operations, on 19 August as Operation Jubilee.
Daring at Dieppe
The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry assaulted a section of shoreline code-named White Beach, on the right side of the main Dieppe beaches, where a large casino sprawled across the town's broad Esplanade. The battalion landed after dawn at 5:20 am, with the German defenders alerted by earlier landings to the east and west of Dieppe. Although some Rileys were able to fight room-by-room through the casino and make it into the town, they eventually had to return to the beach due to their small numbers.
After landing under enemy fire, Foote worked at the unit's Regimental Aid Post (RAP), set up in a small depression on the pebbly beach. He assisted the unit's medical officer with the wounded at the RAP, and also made several forays across the fire-swept beach to inject morphine, administer first aid and carry wounded soldiers to the RAP, in the process saving many lives. By the time the order was given to withdraw at 9 am, the tide had gone out, exposing those trying to get to the landing craft. Despite this added danger, Foote carried many of the wounded across the open beach to the safety of the small landing craft.
Although he had several opportunities to board the craft and leave the beach, he chose to remain behind to administer to his fellow prisoners of war during their long captivity under the Germans. Nearly 2,000 Canadians were taken prisoner at Dieppe. Foote was liberated in 1945.
In 1946, he was awarded the Victoria Cross for his selfless bravery under fire at Dieppe.
Bodies of Canadian soldiers of the Calgary Regiment lie dead on the beach at Dieppe, France, following the disastrous Allied raid there on 19 August, 1942.
German soldiers guarding Allied prisoners, following the raid on Dieppe, France in 1942.
Life Post-War
Foote remained in the army until 1948, when he retired as a lieutenant-colonel. He entered Ontario politics and was elected Progressive Conservative Member of the Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Durham. He served until 1959 and was minister of Reform Institutions from 1950 to 1957 in the government of Premier Leslie Frost. Between 1964 and 1973, he served as the honorary lieutenant-colonel of the Rileys.
In 1982, the Royal Canadian Legion branch where Foote lived in Coburg, ON, was named after him, while in 1989 the Rileys' armouries in Hamilton was renamed in his honour. Plaques in Barrie, ON, and in Calgary's Victoria Cross Park also commemorate his bravery.
The Victoria Cross, instituted 1856 by Queen Victoria, is the Commonwealth's highest military decoration for gallantry. It is awarded in recognition of the most exceptional bravery displayed in the presence of the enemy.
Mark Zuehlke, Tragedy at Dieppe: Operation Jubilee, August 19, 1942 (2012)
Coulson Mitchell, VC
Charles Cecil Merritt, VC
David Currie, VC


1 2007 Natural Resources: Neither Curse nor Destiny. (2007). Blomstrom, Magnus ; Venables, Anthony J. ; de Gregorio, Jose ; DeGregorio, Jose ; Cuddington, John T. ; Czelusta, Jesse ; Martin, Will ; Wright, Gavin ; Maloney, William ; Lederman, Daniel ; Jayasuriya, Shamila A. ; Xu, Colin L. ; Ludema, Rodney ; Ortega, Claudio Bravo ; Rigobon, Roberto ; BravoOrtega, Claudio ; Manzano, Osmel ; Kokko, Ari. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:59538.
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Full description at Econpapers || Download Remittances and Development: Lessons from Latin America. (2008). Moizeszowicz, Florencia ; Bussolo, Maurizio ; Molina, Luis ; Niimi, Yoko ; Ozden, Aglar ; Lopez, Humberto J ; Olinto, Pedro ; Acosta, Pablo ; Cirasino, Massimo ; Nielsen, Mette E ; Guadamillas, Mario ; Mascaro, Yira ; Fajnzylber, Pablo ; Calderon, Cesar ; Salinas, Emanuel ; Martinez, Maria Soledad. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:353.
27 2005 Sources of Growth in Latin America: What Is Missing?. (2005). Manuelli, Rodolfo ; Fernandez-Arias, Eduardo ; Blyde, Juan ; Thomas, Mark Roland ; Hopenhayn, Hugo A ; Fuentes, Rodrigo J ; Pinheiro, Armando Castelar ; Neumeyer, Pablo A ; Naranjo, Alexander Monge ; Gill, Indermit S ; Serven, Luis ; Fernandez -Arias, Eduardo ; Chumacero, Romulo A. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:279.
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29 2010 Modeling Public Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean. (2010). Estrades, Carmen ; Giordano, Paolo ; de Souza, Ana Cristina ; Laens, Silvia ; Kume, Honorio ; Bucheli, Marisa ; Fontes, Octavio Augusto ; Terra, Maria Ines ; van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique ; Arguello, Ricardo ; Dominique van der Mensbrugghe, ; Wong, Sara ; Medvedev, Denis ; de Miguel, Carlos ; Alvarez, Mariano ; Romero, Carlos ; Ludea, Carlos E ; Maquieyra, Javier ; Lima, Jose Duran ; Chisari, Omar O ; Watanuki, Masakazu . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:366.
Full description at Econpapers || Download Modeling Public Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean. (2010). Lima, Jose Duran ; Ana Cristina de Souza Pedroso, ; Laens, Silvia ; Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira Filho, ; Wong, Sara ; Maquieyra, Javier ; Arguello, Ricardo ; Kume, Honorio ; Giordano, Paolo ; van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique ; Chisari, Omar O. ; Dominique van der Mensbrugghe, ; Octavio Augusto Fontes Tourinho, ; Medvedev, Denis ; Watanuki, Masakazu ; Estrades, Carmen ; Bucheli, Marisa ; Romero, Carlos ; Alvarez, Mariano ; Ludea, Carlos E. ; Terra, Maria Ines ; de Miguel, Carlos. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:60498.
Full description at Econpapers || Download Lessons from NAFTA: For Latin America and the Caribbean. (2005). Maloney, William ; Serven, Luis ; Lederman, Daniel. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:345.
32 2009 Multilatinas to Global Latinas: The New Latin American Multinationals. (2009). Golstein, Andrea ; Molina, Ramon ; Fraser, Matthew ; Casanova, Lourdes ; Hoeber, Henning ; Arruda, Carlos ; Almeida, Andre . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:62498.
33 2009 Equidad Fiscal en Centroamérica, Panamá y República Dominicana. (2009). Barreix, Alberto Daniel ; Bes, Martin ; Roca, Jeronimo . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:71998.
34 2015 The Early Years: Child Well-being and the Role of Public Policy. (2015). Boo, Florencia Lopez ; Araujo, Maria Caridad ; Kagan, Sharon Lynn ; Jalmovich, Analia ; Hincapie, Diana ; Flabbi, Luca ; Cruz-Aguayo, Yyanu ; Cristia, Julian P ; Berlinski, Samuel ; Behrman, Jere R ; Schady, Norbert ; Armendariz, Edna ; Exposito, Ana Perez ; Ardanaz, Martin . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:91496.
35 2000 Wealth from Health: Linking Social Investments to Earnings in Latin America. (2000). Alvarez, Carlos Hernandez ; Savedoff, William D. ; Parker, Susan W. ; Medina, Rocio Ribero ; Cortez, Rafael ; Schultz, Paul T. ; Valdivia, Martin ; Nuez, Jairo ; Ferrando, Jaime Espinosa ; Knaul, Felicia Marie ; Murrugarra, Edmundo . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:42218.
36 2009 Who Decides the Budget? A Political Economy Analysis of the Budget Process in Latin America. (2009). Stein, Ernesto ; Scartascini, Carlos ; Olivera, Mauricio ; Chasquetti, Daniel ; Mejia, Carolina ; Moraes, Juan Andres ; Cardenas, Mauricio ; Valderrama, Jose ; Pereira, Carlos ; Chavez, Jorge F ; Mueller, Bernardo ; Carranza, Luis ; Melo, Marcus Andre ; Hallerberg, Mark ; Perez-Lian, Anibal ; Alston, Lee J ; Rodriguez, Alesia ; Molinas, Jose R ; di Gresia, Luciano ; Rios, German ; Araujo, Maria Caridad ; Braun, Miguel ; Daza, Abelardo ; Albornoz, Vicente ; Berensztein, Sergio ; Puente, Jose Manuel ; Acosta, Andres Mejia ; Abuelafia, Emmanuel ; Bergara, Mario. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:6725.
Full description atPathways to Growth: Comparing East Asia and Latin America. (1997). Page, John ; Solimano, Andres ; Sabot, Richard H. ; Lee, Jisoon ; Hausmann, Ricardo ; Petrei, Humberto ; da Cunha, Paulo Vieira ; Pack, Howard ; Boeker, Paul ; Pfeffermann, Guy ; Serra, Pablo ; Jaspersen, Frederick ; Lustig, Nora ; Talvi, Ernesto ; Birdsall, Nancy ; Howard, Eleanor ; Gavin, Michael ; Colodro, Eduardo Bitran ; Shirley, Mary M. ; Ross, David ; Thomas, Vinod ; Shilling, John ; Stallings, Barbara ; Edwards, Sebastian. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:65998.
Full description at Econpapers || Download Disconnected: Skills, Education, and Employment in Latin America. (2012). Vargas, Jaime ; Urzua, Sergio ; Busso, Matias ; Bassi, Marina. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:79504.
39 2006 The Emergence of China: Opportunities and Challenges for Latin America and the Caribbean. (2006). Rodriguez-Clare, Andres ; Estevadeordal, Antoni ; Devlin, Robert. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:421.
40 2000 Asalto al desarrollo: Violencia en América Latina. (2000). Avila, Leticia ; Zurita, Beatriz ; Guerrero, Rodrigo ; Carneiro, Leandro Piquet ; Briceo-Leon, Roberto ; Londoo, Juan Luis ; Lozano, Rafael ; Cruz, Jose Miguel ; Hernandez, Patricia ; Cano, Ignacio ; Rubio, Mauricio ; Eyzaguirre, Hugo ; Hijar, Marta ; Sisti, Elvio ; Bravo, Maria Lilia ; Ayala, Clotilde ; Romano, Luis Ernesto ; Carrillo, Carlos ; Gonzalez, Luis Armando ; Lopez, Blanca Estela ; Teresita de Jesus Ramirez, ; Phebo, Luciana ; Couttolene, Bernard ; Perdomo, Rogelio Perez . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:43498.
Full description at Econpapers || Download The Quality of Life in Latin American Cities: Markets and Perception. (2010). Morales, Leonardo ; Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell, ; Robalino, Juan ; Nuez, Jairo ; Cruces, Guillermo ; Madrigal, Roger ; Piani, Giorgina ; Andrade, Raul ; Lora, Eduardo ; Sanguinetti, Pablo ; Medina, Carlos ; Gandelman, Nestor ; Bernard M. S. van Praag, ; Tetaz, Martin ; Bernard M. S. Van Praag, ; Hall, Luis J. ; Powell, Andrew ; Alcazar, Lorena ; Ham, Andres. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:60258.
42 2015 The Early Years: Child Well-being and the Role of Public Policy. (2015). Berlinski, Samuel ; Exposito, Ana Perez ; Boo, Florencia Lopez ; Kagan, Sharon Lynn ; Jalmovich, Analia ; Hincapie, Diana ; Flabbi, Luca ; Cristia, Julian P ; Behrman, Jere R ; Armendariz, Edna ; Ardanaz, Martin ; Schady, Norbert ; Araujo, Maria Caridad. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:7259.
43 2008 Raising Student Learning in Latin America: The Challenge for the 21st Century. (2008). Vegas, Emiliana ; Petrow, Jenny . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:59738.
44 2008 Gatekeepers of Global Commerce: Rules of Origin and International Economic Integration. (2008). Estevadeordal, Antoni ; Suominen, Kati ; Lopez-Cordova, Jose Ernesto ; Harris, Jeremy . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:16558.
45 2012 Disconnected: Skills, Education, and Employment in Latin America. (2012). Busso, Matias ; Vargas, Jaime ; Urzua, Sergio ; Bassi, Marina. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:427.
46 2006 The Emergence of China: Opportunities and Challenges for Latin America and the Caribbean. (2006). Rodriguez-Clare, Andres ; Devlin, Robert ; Estevadeordal, Antoni. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:79458.
47 2009 Job Creation in Latin America and the Caribbean: Recent Trends and Policy Challenges. (2009). Pages-Serra, Carmen ; Scarpetta, Stefano ; Pierre, Gaelle . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:59978.
48 2009 Who Decides the Budget? A Political Economy Analysis of the Budget Process in Latin America. (2009). Rios, German ; Daza, Abelardo ; Araujo, Maria Caridad ; Stein, Ernesto H. ; Melo, Marcus Andre ; Abuelafia, Emmanuel ; Carranza, Luis ; Chasquetti, Daniel ; di Gresia, Luciano ; Mejia, Carolina ; Albornoz, Vicente ; Alston, Lee J. ; Scartascini, Carlos ; Berensztein, Sergio ; Moraes, Juan Andres ; Pereira, Carlos ; Braun, Miguel ; Valderrama, Jose ; Mueller, Bernardo ; Olivera, Mauricio ; Molinas, Jose R. ; Perez-Lian, Anibal ; Cardenas, Mauricio ; Puente, Jose Manuel ; Acosta, Andres Mejia ; Hallerberg, Mark ; Chavez, Jorge F. ; Rodriguez, Alesia ; Bergara, Mario. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:87294.
Full description atProgress, Poverty and Exclusion: An Economic History of Latin America in the 20th Century. (1998). Thorp, Rosemary. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:412.
50 2010 Odyssey in International Markets: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Export Promotion in Latin America and the Caribbean. (2010). Martincus, Christian Volpe. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:259.
1 2009 Measuring Inequality of Opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean. (2009). Francisco H. G. Ferreira, ; de Barros, Ricardo Paes ; Molinas, Jose R. ; Saavedra-Chanduvi, Jaime . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:60098.
2 2007 Natural Resources: Neither Curse nor Destiny. (2007). Blomstrom, Magnus ; Venables, Anthony J. ; de Gregorio, Jose ; DeGregorio, Jose ; Cuddington, John T. ; Czelusta, Jesse ; Martin, Will ; Wright, Gavin ; Maloney, William ; Lederman, Daniel ; Jayasuriya, Shamila A. ; Xu, Colin L. ; Ludema, Rodney ; Ortega, Claudio Bravo ; Rigobon, Roberto ; BravoOrtega, Claudio ; Manzano, Osmel ; Kokko, Ari. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:59538.
3 2009 Measuring Inequality of Opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean. (2009). Saavedra-Chanduvi, Jaime ; de Barros, Ricardo Paes ; Molinas, Jose R. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:361.
4 2015 The Early Years: Child Well-being and the Role of Public Policy. (2015). Berlinski, Samuel ; Exposito, Ana Perez ; Boo, Florencia Lopez ; Kagan, Sharon Lynn ; Jalmovich, Analia ; Hincapie, Diana ; Flabbi, Luca ; Cristia, Julian P ; Behrman, Jere R ; Armendariz, Edna ; Ardanaz, Martin ; Schady, Norbert ; Araujo, Maria Caridad. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:7259.
6 2015 The Early Years: Child Well-being and the Role of Public Policy. (2015). Boo, Florencia Lopez ; Araujo, Maria Caridad ; Kagan, Sharon Lynn ; Jalmovich, Analia ; Hincapie, Diana ; Flabbi, Luca ; Cruz-Aguayo, Yyanu ; Cristia, Julian P ; Berlinski, Samuel ; Behrman, Jere R ; Schady, Norbert ; Armendariz, Edna ; Exposito, Ana Perez ; Ardanaz, Martin . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:91496.
7 2007 Natural Resources: Neither Curse nor Destiny. (2007). Lederman, Daniel ; Blomstrom, Magnus ; Venables, Anthony J ; Jayasuriya, Shamila A ; Czelusta, Jesse ; de Gregorio, Jose ; DeGregorio, Jose ; Wright, Gavin ; Rigobon, Roberto ; Cuddington, John T ; Martin, Will ; Ortega, Claudio Bravo ; Manzano, Osmel ; BravoOrtega, Claudio ; Ludema, Rodney ; Kokko, Ari ; Xu, Colin L ; Maloney, William. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:350.
8 2016 The Impact Evaluation of Cluster Development Programs: Methods and Practices. (2016). Maffioli, Alessandro ; Pietrobelli, Carlo ; Casaburi, Gabriel ; Stucchi, Rodolfo ; Castillo, Victoria ; Matta, Andres ; Pittaluga, Lucia ; Giuliani, Elisa ; Garone, Lucas Figal ; Giuliodori, David ; Serrano, David Alfaro ; Rojo, Sofia ; Boneu, Franco ; Rodriguez, Alejandro. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:94056.
9 2012 New century, Old Disparities: Gender and Ethnic Earnings Gaps in Latin America and The Caribbean. (2012). opo, Hugo R.. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:78540.
10 2016 Saving for Development: How Latin America and the Caribbean Can Save More and Better. (2016). Serebrisky, Tomas ; Cavallo, Eduardo ; Oliveri, Maria Laura ; Bosch, Mariano ; Berstein, Solange ; Marzani, Matias ; Fernandez-Arias, Eduardo ; Fernandez -Arias, Eduardo ; Suarez-Aleman, Ancor ; Tamayo, Cesar ; Margot, Diego ; Powell, Andrew ; Busso, Matias ; Karver, Jonathan ; Izquierdo, Alejandro ; Frisancho, Veronica. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:7677.
Full description at Econpapers || Download Saving for Development: How Latin America and the Caribbean Can Save More and Better. (2016). Izquierdo, Alejandro ; Karver, Jonathan ; Serebrisky, Tomas ; Cavallo, Eduardo A ; Frisancho, Veronica ; Bosch, Mariano ; Berstein, Solange ; Tamayo, Cesar ; Marzani, Matias ; Oliveri, Maria Laura ; Fernandez-Arias, Eduardo ; Powell, Andrew ; Fernandez -Arias, Eduardo ; Suarez-Aleman, Ancor ; Busso, Matias ; Margot, Diego. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:94597.
12 2007 Investor Protection and Corporate Governance: Firm-level Evidence across Latin America. (2007). Ricardo P. C. Leal, ; Chong, Alberto E. ; Bebczuk, Ricardo N. ; Gonzalez, Maximiliano ; Gutierrez, Luis H. ; Cruces, Juan Jose ; Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, ; Lefort, Fernando ; Kawamura, Enrique ; Walker, Eduardo ; Pombo, Carlos ; Garay, Urbi ; Andre L. Carvalhal da Silva, . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:59598.
13 2008 Remittances and Development: Lessons from Latin America. (2008). Moizeszowicz, Florencia ; Bussolo, Maurizio ; Molina, Luis ; Niimi, Yoko ; Ozden, Aglar ; Lopez, Humberto J ; Olinto, Pedro ; Acosta, Pablo ; Cirasino, Massimo ; Nielsen, Mette E ; Guadamillas, Mario ; Mascaro, Yira ; Fajnzylber, Pablo ; Calderon, Cesar ; Salinas, Emanuel ; Martinez, Maria Soledad. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:353.
14 2016 The Impact Evaluation of Cluster Development Programs: Methods and Practices. (2016). Stucchi, Rodolfo ; Pietrobelli, Carlo ; Maffioli, Alessandro ; Rodriguez, Alejandro ; Pittaluga, Lucia ; Matta, Andres ; Giuliodori, David ; Giuliani, Elisa ; Garone, Lucas Figal ; Castillo, Victoria ; Casaburi, Gabriel ; Serrano, David Alfaro ; Boneu, Franco ; Rojo, Sofia . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:7605.
15 1998 Progress, Poverty and Exclusion: An Economic History of Latin America in the 20th Century. (1998). Thorp, Rosemary. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:79303.
16 2010 Odyssey in International Markets: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Export Promotion in Latin America and the Caribbean. (2010). Martincus, Christian Volpe. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:16458.
17 1998 Progress, Poverty and Exclusion: An Economic History of Latin America in the 20th Century. (1998). Thorp, Rosemary. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:412.
18 2006 Upgrading to Compete: Global Value Chains, Clusters, and SMEs in Latin America. (2006). Gomes, Raquel ; Amighini, Alessia ; Artola, Ner ; Parrilli, Mario Davide ; Cassiolato, Jose Eduardo ; Lastres, Helena ; Giuliani, Elisa ; Zepeda, Eduardo ; Duran, Clemente Ruiz ; Campos, Claudio Maggi ; Pietrobelli, Carlo ; Rabellotti, Roberta ; Filho, Arlindo Villaschi . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:13158.
19 2009 Multilatinas to Global Latinas: The New Latin American Multinationals. (2009). Golstein, Andrea ; Molina, Ramon ; Fraser, Matthew ; Casanova, Lourdes ; Hoeber, Henning ; Arruda, Carlos ; Almeida, Andre . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:62498.
20 2008 Gatekeepers of Global Commerce: Rules of Origin and International Economic Integration. (2008). Estevadeordal, Antoni ; Suominen, Kati ; Lopez-Cordova, Jose Ernesto ; Harris, Jeremy . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:16558.
21 2010 Odyssey in International Markets: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Export Promotion in Latin America and the Caribbean. (2010). Martincus, Christian Volpe. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:259.
22 2012 New century, Old Disparities: Gender and Ethnic Earnings Gaps in Latin America and The Caribbean. (2012). Opo, Hugo R. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:6384.
23 2012 Export Pioneers in Latin America. (2012). Ruffo, Hernan ; Artopoulos, Alejandro ; Bonelli, Regis ; Sanchez, Gabriel ; Leon, Nicolas ; Aragon, Edgar ; Snoeck, Michele ; Friel, Daniel ; Arbelaez, Maria Angelica ; Ortega, Claudio Bravo ; Arjona, Marcela Melendez ; BravoOrtega, Claudio ; Agosin, Manuel R. ; Sabel, Charles ; Pittaluga, Lucia ; Kury, Beatriz ; Hallak, Juan Carlos ; Pinheiro, Armando Castelar ; Monteiro, Joana ; da Rocha, Angela ; Butler, Ines ; Darze, Alexandre ; Rozemberg, Ricardo. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:66138.
Full description at Econpapers || Download Investor Protection and Corporate Governance: Firm-level Evidence across Latin America. (2007). Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio ; Chong, Alberto ; Lefort, Fernando ; Ricardo, ; Kawamura, Enrique ; Gutierrez, Luis H ; Gonzalez, Maximiliano ; Garay, Urbi ; Cruces, Juan Jose ; Walker, Eduardo ; Pombo, Carlos ; Carvalhal, Andre L ; Bebczuk, Ricardo N. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:354.
25 2007 The State of State Reform in Latin America. (2007). Navarro, Juan Carlos ; Chong, Alberto E. ; Juan Carlos Cortazar Velarde, ; Benavides, Juan ; Panizza, Ugo ; Marquez, Gustavo ; U G O Panizza, ; Filc, Gabriel ; Daughters, Robert ; Mesa-Lago, Carmelo ; Payne, Mark J. ; Scartascini, Carlos ; de Sousa, Mariana Magaldi ; Galindo, Arturo ; Harper, Leslie ; Rodriguez-Clare, Andres ; Echebarria, Koldo ; Micco, Alejandro ; Perusia, Juan Cruz ; Melo, Alberto . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:59578.
26 2008 Unclogging the Arteries: The Impact of Transport Costs on Latin American and Caribbean Trade. (2008). Martincus, Christian Volpe ; Moreira, Mauricio Mesquita ; Blyde, Juan S.. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:13138.
27 2006 La equidad fiscal en los países andinos. (2006). Barreix, Alberto Daniel ; Villela, Luiz Arruda ; Roca, Jeronimo . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:5119.
28 2007 The State of State Reform in Latin America. (2007). Panizza, Ugo ; Galindo, Arturo ; U G O Panizza, ; Perusia, Juan Cruz ; Chong, Alberto E ; Rodriguez-Clare, Andres ; Micco, Alejandro ; Harper, Leslie ; Filc, Gabriel ; Mesa-Lago, Carmelo ; Lora, Eduardo ; Cortazar, Juan Carlos ; Echebarria, Koldo ; Marquez, Gustavo ; Melo, Alberto ; Navarro, Juan Carlos ; Daughters, Robert ; de Sousa, Mariana Magaldi ; Payne, Mark J ; Benavides, Juan ; Scartascini, Carlos. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:352.
Full description at Econpapers || Download Equidad Fiscal en Centroamérica, Panamá y República Dominicana. (2009). Barreix, Alberto Daniel ; Bes, Martin ; Roca, Jeronimo . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:71998.
30 2008 The Impact of Private Sector Participation in Infrastructure: Lights, Shadows, and the Road Ahead. (2008). Foster, Vivien ; Haven, Thomas ; Andres, Luis ; Guasch, Jose Luis . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:358.
31 2008 The Impact of Private Sector Participation in Infrastructure: Lights, Shadows, and the Road Ahead. (2008). Guasch, Jose Luis ; Foster, Vivien ; Haven, Thomas ; Andres, Luis. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:59818.
32 2001 The Currency Game: Exchange Rate Politics in Latin America. (2001). Ghezzi, Piero ; Pasco-Front, Alberto ; Salazar, Natalia ; Terra, Maria Cristina ; Bonomo, Marco ; Jaramillo, Juan C. ; de Gregorio, Jose ; DeGregorio, Jose ; Frieden, Jeffry ; Schamis, Hector E. ; Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio ; Steiner, Roberto. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:77398.
33 2014 Serving Citizens: A Decade of Civil Service Reforms in Latin America (2004-13). (2014). Schuster, Christian ; Iacoviello, Mercedes ; Sangines, Mario ; Lafuente, Mariano ; Strazza, Luciano ; Echebarria, Koldo ; Juan Carlos Cortazar Velarde, ; Longo, Francisco . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:86407.
34 2006 La equidad fiscal en los países andinos. (2006). Villela, Luiz Arruda ; Roca, Jeronimo ; Barreix, Alberto Daniel . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:204.
35 2003 Is Geography Destiny?: Lessons from Latin America. (2003). Gaviria, Alejandro ; Gallup, John Luke ; Lora, Eduardo. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:59398.
36 1997 Pathways to Growth: Comparing East Asia and Latin America. (1997). Hausmann, Ricardo ; Talvi, Ernesto ; Boeker, Paul ; Edwards, Sebastian ; Shilling, John ; Petrei, Humberto ; Ross, David ; Lustig, Nora ; Pfeffermann, Guy ; Sabot, Richard H ; Howard, Eleanor ; Gavin, Michael ; Page, John ; Stallings, Barbara ; Shirley, Mary M ; Solimano, Andres ; Thomas, Vinod ; Pack, Howard ; da Cunha, Paulo Vieira ; Birdsall, Nancy ; Colodro, Eduardo Bitran ; Jaspersen, Frederick ; Serra, Pablo ; Lee, Jisoon . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:377.
Full description at Econpapers || Download Partners or Creditors? Attracting Foreign Investment and Productive Development to Central America and Dominican Republic. (2015). Cuevas, Mario ; Porto, Luis ; Taylhardat, Adolfo ; Artana, Daniel ; Alfaro, Laura ; Auguste, Sebastian ; Manzano, Osmel. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:6820.
38 2009 Multilatinas to Global Latinas: The New Latin American Multinationals. (2009). Casanova, Lourdes ; Arruda, Carlos ; Hoeber, Henning ; Molina, Ramon ; Fraser, Matthew ; Almeida, Andre ; Golstein, Andrea . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:373.
39 2008 Gatekeepers of Global Commerce: Rules of Origin and International Economic Integration. (2008). Estevadeordal, Antoni ; Lopez, Jose Ernesto ; Harris, Jeremy ; Suominen, Kati. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:262.
40 2014 Serving Citizens: A Decade of Civil Service Reforms in Latin America (2004-13). (2014). Cortazar, Juan Carlos ; Iacoviello, Mercedes ; Strazza, Luciano ; Longo, Francisco ; Echebarria, Koldo ; Schuster, Christian ; Sangines, Mario ; Lafuente, Mariano . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:6636.
41 2015 Jobs for Growth. (2015). Alaimo, Veronica ; Ripani, Laura ; Pages, Carmen ; Kaplan, David S ; Bosch, Mariano. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:7203.
42 2006 Upgrading to Compete: Global Value Chains, Clusters, and SMEs in Latin America. (2006). Pietrobelli, Carlo ; Giuliani, Elisa ; Duran, Clemente Ruiz ; Parrilli, Mario Davide ; Cassiolato, Jose Eduardo ; Filho, Arlindo Villaschi ; Campos, Claudio Maggi ; Amighini, Alessia ; Gomes, Raquel ; Rabellotti, Roberta ; Zepeda, Eduardo ; Artola, Ner . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:247.
43 2009 Equidad Fiscal en Centroamérica, Panamá y República Dominicana. (2009). Barreix, Alberto Daniel ; Roca, Jeronimo ; Bes, Martin . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:386.
44 2008 Fiscal Policy, Stabilization, and Growth: Prudence or Abstinence?. (2008). Suescun, Rodrigo ; Servén, Luis ; Gomes, Pedro Cavalcanti ; Vasconcelos, Carlos Hamilton ; Blanchard, Olivier ; Giavazzi, Francesco ; Mihov, Ilian ; Serven, Luis ; Perry, Guillermo ; Fatas, Antonio ; Sturzenegger, Federico ; Mintz, Jack M ; Irwin, Timothy ; Smart, Michael. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:356.
45 2005 Privatization in Latin America: Myths and Reality. (2005). Torero, Maximo ; Chong, Alberto E. ; Garron, Mauricio ; Ramirez, Manuel ; Capra, Katherina ; Galiani, Sebastian ; Anuatti, Francisco ; Fischer, Ronald ; Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, ; Gutierrez, Rodrigo ; Sturzenegger, Federico ; Macedo, Roberto ; Schargrodsky, Ernesto ; Gertler, Paul ; Pombo, Carlos ; Serra, Pablo ; Machicado, Carlos Gustavo ; Barossi-Filho, Milton ; de Carvalho, Antonio Gledson. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:59618.
46 2005 Lessons from NAFTA: For Latin America and the Caribbean. (2005). Lederman, Daniel ; Maloney, William ; Serven, Luis. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:59478.
47 2013 Public Development Banks: Toward a New Paradigm?. (2013). Maffioli, Alessandro ; Monge-Gonzalez, Ricardo ; Chrisney, Martin D. ; Netto, Maria ; Jose Juan Gomes Lorenzo, ; Nieder, Frank ; de Olloqui, Fernando ; Arancibia, Cristian Palma ; Rodriguez, Cesar M.. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:82671.
48 2006 The Emergence of China: Opportunities and Challenges for Latin America and the Caribbean. (2006). Rodriguez-Clare, Andres ; Estevadeordal, Antoni ; Devlin, Robert. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:421.
49 2008 Unclogging the Arteries: The Impact of Transport Costs on Latin American and Caribbean Trade. (2008). Moreira, Mauricio Mesquita ; Blyde, Juan S ; Martincus, Christian Volpe. In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:264.
50 2007 Emerging Capital Markets and Globalization: The Latin American Experience. (2007). de la Torre, Augusto ; Schmukler, Sergio . In: IDB Publications (Books). RePEc:idb:idbbks:349.
2018 Improving childcare quality at scale: the effects of "From Zero to Forever". (2018). Bernal, Raquel ; Ramirez, Sara Maria. In: DOCUMENTOS CEDE. RePEc:col:000089:016600.
2018 Efficient Labor Supply for Latin Families: Is the Intra-Household Bargaining Power Relevant?. (2018). Molina, José Alberto ; Gimenez Nadal, Jose ; Gimenez-Nadal, Ignacio J ; Campaa, Juan Carlos. In: IZA Discussion Papers. RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11695.
2018 Place-specific Determinants of Income Gaps: New Sub-National Evidence from Chiapas, Mexico. (2018). Santos, Miguel ; Pietrobelli, Carlo ; Hausmann, Ricardo. In: CID Working Papers. RePEc:cid:wpfacu:343.
2018 Modern industrial policy and public-private councils at the sub-national level: Mexicos experience in an international perspective. (2018). Devlin, Robert ; Pietrobelli, Carlo. In: MERIT Working Papers. RePEc:unm:unumer:2018028.
2016 Towards a Prosperous and Productive Chiapas: Institutions, Policies, and Public-Private Dialog to Promote Inclusive Growth. (2016). Santos, Miguel ; Pietrobelli, Carlo ; Hausmann, Ricardo ; Cheston, Timothy . In: Working Paper Series. RePEc:ecl:harjfk:rwp16-047.
2016 Formal Saving in Developing Economies: Barriers, Interventions, and Effects. (2016). Roa García, María ; Di Giannatale, Sonia ; DiGiannatale, Sonia . In: IDB Publications (Working Papers). RePEc:idb:brikps:8107.
2016 Asistencias técnicas y competitividad de las MiPyMEs: Evidencia para Argentina. (2016). Garone, Lucas Figal ; Castillo, Victoria ; Ohaco, Moira. In: IDB Publications (Working Papers). RePEc:idb:brikps:96960.
2016 Formal Saving in Developing Economies: Barriers, Interventions, and Effects. (2016). DiGiannatale, Sonia ; Roa, Maria Jose ; di Giannatale, Sonia. In: IDB Publications (Working Papers). RePEc:idb:brikps:97397.


text:
Staff photo/Tate Thomson Thea Sietz runs to third.
Friday Harbor softball sweeps Loggers
Mon Apr 23rd, 2018 2:22pm
By Tate Thomson
The Wolverines took on the Darrington Loggers in a doubleheader on Friday, April 20 and dominated on their home field.
They won the first game with a final score of 11-0. They kept Darrington at bay in the second game and won 17-1.
They traveled to Ferndale on Saturday, April 21 and lost, with a final score of 13-8. Next, they play Concrete, away, at 4 p.m., Friday, April 27.
The Wolverines are tied with Orcas with the most league wins with five.
Staff photo/Tate Thomson


text:
The Complete Pilgrim - Religious Travel Sites
Howard Kramer's, The Complete Pilgrim, Religious Travel Site
AMERICAN RELIGIOUS SITES
JEWISH SITES
ISLAMIC SITES
INDIAN/HINDU SITES
HOLIDAY SITES
WILDLIFE SITES
WITTENBERG CASTLE CHURCH
June 7, 2014 By Howard Kramer 4 Comments
Wittenberg, Germany
(photo from Wikipedia)
The Protestant Reformation went through numerous fits and starts before finally gaining traction in the City of Wittenberg. It is ironic that Protestantism found its first true success in the very heart of the Papal-supported Holy Roman Empire, although the widespread decentralization of Imperial power in Central Europe perhaps made it the logical place for Protestantism to take hold. Its pre-16th century history notwithstanding, Wittenberg will forever be remembered for the fateful date of October 31, 1517, when Martin Luther's writings gave birth to Protestant Christianity. Today the Castle Church is revered by Protestants the world over in much the same way as Istanbul is by the Orthodox Church. The Wittenberg Castle Church is part of the Luther Memorials UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Discontent with the religious hegemony of the Catholic Church in Western and Northern Europe can be traced as far back to the 12th century when the Albigensians and Waldensianes first attempted to establish their own churches in Southern France. Although these and later movements under Jan Hus and John Wycliffe were crushed, growing anti-Catholic sentiment began to reach alarming levels throughout Europe by the beginning of the 16th century. In 1517, the dam finally burst when Martin Luther, an Augustinian monk, drew up one of the most important documents in history and posted it on the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church. His Ninety-Five Thesis, originally intended as a challenge to the Church's selling of indulgences and other practices instead ignited the fire of the Protestant Reformation.
Born into a prosperous family, Martin Luther spent most of his early life studying for a professional career, either as a civil servant or with the Church. He attended some of Germany's most prestigious schools, including the University of Erfurt and the University of Wittenberg. He began teaching at the latter in 1508 shortly after becoming a priest, receiving a full doctorate in theology in 1512. It was not long, however, before Luther began to seriously question Church doctrine. Despite his discontent, it was apparently not Luther's desire to break with the church, but rather to reform it, when he began to speak openly against the selling of indulgences, the practice of forgiveness of sin in exchange for monetary contributions to the Church. The Ninety-Five Thesis were a formal dissertation against this and other practices, and within months copies were circulating throughout Europe.
After briefly ignoring Luther, the speed and scope with which his ideas were spreading shook the Church into action. He was denounced and branded as a heretic, but because he was supported by the powerful Frederick of Saxony, the Church could do little but meet him in debate. However, in 1519, Luther denounced the authority of the Pope outright, and the Protestant Reformation was on. From the outset, Wittenberg was a major hotbed of Reformation activity. Even after Luther fled the city following his denouncement of the Pope, oppressed Protestants began finding their way to Wittenberg. Foremost among these were the new Lutherans, those who subscribed to Luther's teachings, as well as Hussites, Anabaptists and others. After Luther's return to the city in 1522, the various groups were more or less consolidated under Luther's leadership. The first Protestant Hymnal was completed here in 1524. Luther continued his efforts until the end of his life in 1546. He was buried in the Wittenberg Castle Church.
Amazingly, Wittenberg remained relatively undisturbed during the Thirty Years War, which otherwise ravaged most of Central Europe. Even more amazingly, other than a brief engagement with the Austrians in the 18th century and occupation by Napolean's forces in the early 19th century, Wittenberg has miraculously survived every major European war up through World War II. Today the Castle Church and other Luther monuments are among the most important and visited Protestant sites in the world. While the Protestant tradition generally does not subscribe to the idea of pilgrimage, if there is such a thing as a Protestant Mecca, Wittenberg would be it.
The Wittenberg Castle Church, also known as All Saints Church, was actually a late addition to Wittenberg Castle, and was completed shortly before Luther became a teacher at the university there. The original castle was substantially damaged during the Seven Years War, and rebuilt in 1892. At the time of the restoration, one of the castle's towers was incorporated into the church as a bell-tower. The famous original wooden doors were also damaged during this period and were replaced by bronze ones. As a testament to Luther, the new doors were engraved with a copy of the Ninety-Five Thesis.
When the church was rebuilt, the interior was reconstructed along its original design. Because of this it resembles an earlier church rather than a 19th century structure. A large stone marker topped with an engraved bronze plaque marks the spot where Martin Luther is buried. Bronze engravings of Luther are on the wall near the tomb. Also displayed within is an early copy of the 95 Thesis. A number of other pre-Lutheran relics are buried within the church as well.
Wittenberg Castle and its church are located on a low tree-covered hill overlooking the town not too far from the city center of Wittenberg, approximately sixty miles south of Berlin. The church is open to visitors May through October from 10:00am-5:00pm and November through April from 10:00am-4:00pm (Sunday opening hour is 11:30 year-round). There is no charge for admission. Web: www.schlosskirche-wittenberg.de (official website)
Wittenberg is home to a number of Luther and Reformation sites. The Martin Luther House, also known as the Lutherhalle, is now a museum dedicated to the Reformation and has a large collection of Luther-related curiosities. The Philip Melanchthon House located next door was home to one of Luther's early followers and is also now a museum. A Martin Luther Memorial Statue also stands in the center of town. The nearby St. Mary's Church is the city's original Catholic parish church. To the west of Wittenberg is the city of Eisleben, where the Birthplace of Martin Luther is located. Also to the west is the city of Eisenach, location of Wartburg Castle, where Luther lived in exile for three years and where he jotted down many of his thoughts on religion.
Filed Under: Gravesite, Lutheran, Protestant, Site of the Week Tagged With: Germany
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About Howard Kramer
Howard Kramer is the creator and author of The Complete Pilgrim. He first took an interest in religious sites in his early twenties when traveling through Italy after college. In the two decades since he has traveled to more than two dozen countries and almost every state, visiting and photographing hundreds of the world's greatest churches, synagogues and other places of religious interest. Howard has been writing about religious sites for the better part of the last decade, and The Complete Pilgrim is a culmination of years of his work and passion.
Dr. Howard Anderson says
Extraordinary article and makes me know that while I have been to Israel I must visit Wittenberg Castle and the Church to further explore Luther's writings.
Howard Kramer says
Absolutely. I was there for the 500th anniversary last year and it was an amazing experience.
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Welcome to The Complete Pilgrim(TM)! This site, created by Howard Kramer, is a combination travel blog and online guide to the world's greatest sites of religious interest (with some historic and recreational places thrown in for good measure). All written content has been originally researched and produced and is provided free for public research and enjoyment. Thank you for visiting!
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Howard Kramer is the creator and author of The Complete Pilgrim. He first took an interest in religious sites in his early twenties when traveling through Italy after college. In the two decades since he has traveled to more than two dozen countries and almost every state, visiting and photographing hundreds of the world's greatest churches, synagogues and other places of religious interest. Howard has been writing about religious sites for the better part of the last decade, and The Complete Pilgrim is the culmination of years of his work and passion.
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