NOTE: This post is part of a larger series of on the theory, practice, and research on exposure therapy. If you are interested in other posts in this series, you can find them here.
As discussed in a previous post, it is clear that exposure, or the systematic confrontation with feared stimuli, seems to be a critical component of most therapies, particularly for the treatment of anxiety. However, the way in which exposure is conducted and theories about it why it works vary widely. For decades, one of the dominant concepts used to guide the conduct of exposure therapy was habituation.
In the context of exposure, habituation refers to reductions in fear over time as a person encounters fear-inducing stimuli. While it was originally a term that emerged from behaviorism, it seems to more recently be used to refer to any sort of a decrease in response to a stimulus. For example, you've probably had the experience of putting on sunglasses and eventually forgetting that you're wearing them until you walk indoors and notice how dark everything looks. In these instances, you've habituated to feel of the glasses against your skin and the darkened tint of the lenses.
As a more personal example, after getting in a car accident, I remember feeling a sense of anxiety the first few of times I drove again. However, this subsided over time and now I rarely think about the accident when I'm driving. I wasn't in therapy and didn't approach this in a systematic way, but I recognized my reactions as minor posttraumatic stress symptoms that would eventually recede as I habituated to driving again. This is basically the same thing that happens in exposure therapy.
There are two types of habituation in exposure therapy. Within-session habituation occurs when fear decreases during a therapy session as exposure is conducted. Between-session habituation occurs when fear decreases between therapy sessions.
Habituation doesn't mean that fear goes away completely. Many people continue to experience a fear response when they encounter certain situations. For example, professional public speakers often say that they always feel at least a little nervous before a speaking engagement. However, they generally are often less nervous than they were when they first started (which is similar to between-session habituation) or they find their nervousness goes down more quickly when they begin speaking and become involved in what they're doing (which is similar to within-session habituation).
It used to be that habituation was used a primary guide for exposure treatment, particularly for treatment of PTSD and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Typical guidelines would be that the person should stay in contact with the feared stimulus until his or her fear went down. At that point, exposure might be discontinued. For example, here's a diagram of the heart rate of a person doing exposure who is afraid of cats.
Often this happens naturally. If we don't feed our anxiety by leaving the situation, it will often decrease on it's own within about 45 minutes. Consequently, some exposure therapies specified that a person remain in an anxiety provoking situation for 30-60 minutes, or until anxiety decreased.
Although habituation has supplied thousands of clinicians with a measurable marker for beginning and ending exposure treatment, research hasn't provided a lot of support for its reliability and validity. Using habituation isn't necessarily a bad thing—it does provide a decent marker—but researchers haven't found much of a relationship between within-session habituation and treatment success. There's even some question whether between-session habituation matters, but that's a little more controversial.
I'll be going into this issue in more depth on subsequent posts, but for now, I'll summarize. There's evidence that clients may show physiological decreases in anxiety but continue to report high levels of fear, and vice versa. Put simply, it may not matter much whether people experience reductions in fear through exposure. The usefulness of exposure appears to be more about people getting used to their fear than changes in how strong it is. In sum, the research evidence for habituation doesn't support its use in exposure therapy.
Look for future posts that go into greater detail on the problems with habituation.
← What is Exposure Therapy and Why Does It Matter?


text:
Masnàn är en bergstopp i Schweiz.   Den ligger i distriktet Riviera och kantonen Ticino, i den sydöstra delen av landet,  km sydost om huvudstaden Bern. Toppen på Masnàn är  meter över havet, eller  meter över den omgivande terrängen. Bredden vid basen är  km.

Terrängen runt Masnàn är huvudsakligen mycket bergig. Den högsta punkten i närheten är Torent Basso,  meter över havet,  km öster om Masnàn. Närmaste större samhälle är Biasca,  km nordväst om Masnàn.

I omgivningarna runt Masnàn växer i huvudsak blandskog. Runt Masnàn är det ganska tätbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer.  Trakten ingår i den boreala klimatzonen. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är juni, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är januari, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är november, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är mars, med  mm nederbörd.

Kommentarer

Källor

Berg i Ticino
Berg i Schweiz 2000 meter över havet eller högre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
W.H. Auden as a Wonderful Creator of Situation
Author(s): Dr. Subodh Kumar Jha
Abstract: W. H. Auden, an English-American poet, is known for stylistic and technical achievement in his poetry. His poetry forges a wonderful engagement with politics, morals, love, and religion in a variety of tone, form and content. Auden possessed a formidable technique and an acute ear. His linguistic innovations are so remarkable that they have been termed as "Audenesque." Auden's forte as a poet is his skill to create a situation wonderfully appealing as well as convincing. The present paper takes up his poem "In Memory of W. B. Yeats": a Memorable Elegy" to demonstrate how Auden possesses a wonderful skill of creating situations in his poetry. The paper makes detailed analysis of this Elegy to substantiate the point. The poem may be looked upon as a commentary on the nature of Yeats's art and its role during a time of great calamity — as well as the ordinary time of life's struggles. In terms of structure, the poem is organized into three sections. The first section is mournful and it describes the coldness of death. The second section is a reflection on the generative power behind Yeats' poetry. It was "Mad Ireland" that "hurt" Yeats and inspired his poetry as a form of survival. The third and final part brings the reader back into mournfulness.
Dr. Subodh Kumar Jha. W.H. Auden as a Wonderful Creator of Situation. Int J Multidiscip Trends 2020;2(2):59-61.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Flooring around the home can make any room look new and lively. The flooring sets the tone for the rest of the room. It gives the space character that is enhanced by the overall decor.
Using floor tiles is a great way to create a unique sense of character in a room. Since there are many tile types, the options to find the right type for your space are almost limitless. This can make it a bit difficult to find the right tiles if you don't know where to start.
This article will help you through this challenge by looking at the different floor tile types and where you can install them.
The kitchen is one of the messiest spots in the home. Carpet in a kitchen is a recipe for disaster, which is why many people prefer tile or hardwood. These simple surfaces make cleanup easy without having to worry about long-term damage.
Floor tiling can be an effective choice over hardwood if you are concerned about cost or durability.
The bathroom is another typical room that sees its share of messes. Sanitation is often a major concern in this room, which is why certain tile types are a good fit for this location.
A typical design style is to continue a certain type of tile up onto the walls of the shower. This is a great way to tie in a common design element so a uniform design style is achieved.
Tiling in the entryway is perfect for having an easy to clean surface that normally attracts dirt and mud from the outside. This is also common in homes with mudrooms and other spaces where people can take off dirty clothing.
Floor tiling in these points provides a great contrast to hardwood floors and carpets in main living areas. For the perfect tiling in one of these spots, pick something that is durable and long-lasting.
There's a whole variety of tile types out there for you to choose from. We can break down these types into two major categories: ceramic and natural stone.
Ceramic tiles are artificially made tiles of many shapes, colors, and sizes. They can be glazed or unglazed.
One of the biggest decisions to make when considering ceramic tiles is whether you want porcelain or non-porcelain. Each type is made slightly differently and has different advantages over the other.
Porcelain tiles are known for being durable and long-lasting. They are perfect for places in the home that see a lot of heavy traffic and usage. Due to this durability, they can be more expensive per square foot.
Non-porcelain tiles are great for tighter budgets since they are less expensive per square foot. While they might not be as durable as porcelain tiles, many still can handle the normal everyday abuse of home foot traffic.
Both types of tiles come in many varieties of styles and colors. Depending on your intended home design, you can find the right one at the right price with little effort.
Stone floor tiling is a great choice for a natural and unique work. Most often, they are cut directly from large slabs of different types of rock such as marble, granite, limestone, or slate.
Different types of rock are going to be more or less expensive than others. The type of rock will also determine the overall look of the floor.
Most stone flooring will also require some sort of finish or treatment in order to protect it. When treated and maintained properly, stone flooring is a great option that is long-lasting.
Keep in mind that since all rocks are different, samples may differ from the final product. There will always be slight variations in the final look.
Ultimately, choosing the right tile types comes down to your own needs and preferences. Whether you are refinishing a room or building a new home, you can find the right tile types if you think about a few important things.
First, make sure you have a clear budget in mind. You should divide up your overall budget into different areas, including the flooring. Be sure to maintain this budget so you aren't spending more than you have to.
Second, keep in mind your preferred specifications. Each tile is going to come with different types of grades, wear resistance, slip resistance, and other minor differences. These differences will largely determine how long the tile lasts and how much it costs.
Third, decide whether these tiles will be used indoors or outdoors. Even though most tiles are found inside, stone tiles are quite common in outdoor settings. Patios and deck spaces make great candidates for the floor tiling treatment.
Outdoor use requires special considerations such as weather and the elements. You will want to find some tiles that can stand up to the abuse without losing their look or integrity.
Finally, the overall style of the tile is important for aesthetics. It contributes to the design of the entire room and it will influence what colors, furniture, and other design elements you include.
The process of finding the right tile types for your home should be exciting. With a little bit of research and thought, you can make the best choices you need to get the desired finished product.
You should look for tile that will fit your budget, design, and typical use around the home.
Floor tiling will make a statement in any room. Finding something that is long-lasting will allow you to enjoy the tile work for many years to come before having to replace it.
If you live in the Myrtle Beach area and want additional help or information, feel free to get in touch. We are happy to help.


AL-25/1700 is a cost-effective medium duty 1700°C rated hot face insulation.
ZIRCAR Ceramics' Alumina Type AL-25/1700 is a combination of high-purity polycrystalline alumina fibers, refractory fillers and inorganic ceramic binders. AL-25/1700 exhibits low thermal conductivity, good hot strength and dimensional stability in rapid-cycle laboratory and production furnaces operating to continuous temperatures of 1700°C (3092°F).
AL-25/1700 is pre-fired, contains no organic binders and will produce no smoke or odors when heated. It has excellent resistance to chemical attack and is not affected by oil or water. However, it is affected by hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid and strong alkalis.


Add some romance to your room with this contemporary style marble faux fireplace. You can place a fireplace screen in front of it with a shelf mounted on top to complete the look (not included). This easy to apply faux fireplace will add romantic charm to any room all year round. The soft ivory tones will match any décor from country to classic.
Dimensions: 65" wide x 46" tall.


text:
Of all the anti-social hostels I've stayed at, the Monastery Hostel might be at the top of the list. When I saw my room at least had air-conditioning, I resigned myself to sticking it out, since I'd already paid for it. The window had been painted over, but even if it hadn't been there was nothing to look at outside of a courtyard in disarray. For the first two days I was desperately sick. I didn't even leave the room, surviving on two pieces of cake and a quarter bottle of water that were in my backpack.
Mixed into the sickness, which was mainly a crushing headache, was one of the deepest depressions I'd ever descended to. All I could think about were my shortcomings and failures, and the deep, deep financial trouble I was in. I tossed from side to side, holding my head in my hands, sometimes so frightened I shouted aloud. St. John of the Cross wrote about a dark night of the soul. Had he been to Cartagena? Could he hear the salsa music right outside his door twenty-four hours a day? It started sounding like the drums from hell. I prayed for the relief that nightmares would bring, but sleep wouldn't come.
When I finally emerged, I was weakened and grim, but still managed to make the manager, Carlos, laugh when I commented on how many monks must be living in the monastery. It seemed like I was the only tourist they'd ever had at the hostel. The rest of the men, the residents, sat around the courtyard all day and took turns opening the door when the doorbell rang.
The last time I'd been in Cartagena I hadn't been staying in a ghetto. I'd been closer to the historic core. When I looked it up on Google maps, I found it was about two and a half miles to get to the walled city. Even though I was dizzy, and feverish with depression, I decided to try and walk there. All I had were some directions that I'd scribbled down on a scrap of paper. It didn't seem like a good neighborhood to get lost in.
Every time I came to a dead-end, I tried to follow my intuition. At last, I reached a street that seemed to be a thoroughfare. It ran along a wetland that had become a dump. Mountains of garbage sat soaking in a bog, and a small army of homeless men were out rifling through it with sacks. When I reached the end of the street, a taxi driver sitting at a stop light admonished me not to go into the area I'd just come out of, saying it was very dangerous. That was good to know. My headache, compounded now by the heat and humidity, was reaching hallucinatory proportions.
On the other side of the street, I could see a fort. It was the Castille San Felipe de Barajas, built by the Spanish in 1536. It rose like an anthill and seemed like a good place to size up the city from. Out front, vendors with souvenirs and drinks competed for attention. One man had at least thirty straw hats stacked on his head.
Right when I walked in, a man in a colonial costume, complete with tri corner hat, appeared on one of the top walls and began blowing a trumpet. It seemed like it would make a good picture, but by the time I got up to him, he'd set the trumpet aside and was playing with his phone. It must have been one of his ancestors on watch when the fort was lost to the French pirate, Baron de Pointis, during the Nine Years War.
From the top of the fort, I could see the layout of the city, and now knew what road to take to get to the walled city. There were a few tour groups following their guides around, posing for pictures in front of a giant flag that was flapping in the hot breeze. I took a few pictures of the cannons and watchtowers, but didn't care for a history lesson. Whatever I needed to know, I could look up later.
The walk to the historic district may well have been saved for another day, but I plundered on. As soon as I hit the gritty streets, the sense of direction I'd achieved at the top of the fort vanished. Crossing a bridge, I came to the neighborhood of Getsemani, which was just a maze. It was full of exotic murals, balconied houses, and colorful characters, but I got lost a dozen times, and kept ending up back at Trinity Square instead of ever reaching the gateway and clock tower that I remembered from my last visit. A rapper and his sidekick targeted me and followed me for two blocks, before I caved in and gave them a few pesos just to leave me alone.
By the time I finally did reach the Monumento Torre del Reloj, I was spent. In a courtyard on the other side of the gateway a group of Palenqueras, the iconic women in African dresses with the fruit bowls on their heads, were posing for pictures. I took a picture of three of them walking in the opposite direction from about thirty yards away, and they must have had eyes in the back of their heads, because they all turned and started chiding me, like the witches in Macbeth. I ended up giving them five thousand pesos to pose for a picture that didn't turn out because I was too flustered to focus.
When I got back to the monastery, the manager, Carlos, came to open the gate. He asked how things were going. I told him I had nothing to live for. He threw his arm around me and laughed like it was the funniest thing he'd ever heard.
These days anyone with even a budget phone can take decent pictures. The phone does most of the work. Before phones were a thing, all I had were the cheapest cameras, one of them so bad it made pictures from a trip to Borneo look like they'd been shot with a pinhole camera. When phones did come along, I finally got one, just for the camera and video function. Since that time, I've taken thousands of pictures, way too many pictures. My only strategy is to get in front of the action and press the button.
Now I was in Colombia, trying to find pictures to accompany five hundred song lyrics and poems that I'd designated to be my life's work. There were probably more in the tank, but by this point the flow had become a trickle and the price it had taken to live the life I had was soaring out of control.
Just like a child needs to run and show their mother every drawing they do, most artists have a secret hope that there is some source of approval out there once they've completed their work. By now, most of my creations had just gone into folders and storage units, and I was used to it, but it didn't feel good, especially when other artists were out there being lionized for doing the same thing. What was worse was to share them on Facebook and then not get any likes, the living definition of insult to injury.
After picking up some medicine at a pharmacy, my headache began to lessen and I was able to eat. The street that ran parallel to the hostel had a number of outdoor restaurants. At one I ordered a chuleta, or pork chop, that came with rice, beans, and platanos, the large, starchy bananas they sometimes use as a substitute for potatoes in Latin America. It was the first time I'd eaten in a long time, and a great deal for a dollar and a half. In America, I'm not sure that even would've paid for a big bite at 7-Eleven.
The sickness seemed to return in the morning. I dreamed about my father, who'd passed away seven years earlier, expressing his grave disappointment in me. There was also music that sounded like it was coming from a video game being played in the next room. It kept playing over and over, like monkeys in a circus hopping over each other, and was absolutely maddening. A few days later, I discovered it was coming from a Catholic school across the street. They'd play it to announce the arrival of every child. Fortunately, I hadn't kicked in my neighbor's door yet, but it had come close.
In the evening, I stepped out of the hostel once more, just to get some air. It was a poor neighborhood, but a social one. Salsa music played continuously, like it or not. People broke out into spontaneous dance and sang along to their favorite songs. In a park across the street, parents were out with their children, making use of every piece of equipment.
My childhood had been a lonely one, moving from place to place, never having a community or stable group of friends. By now it was ten times worse if I was back in the States. People stayed indoors all day long, only emerging to run errands or pick up food. There was no music or celebration on the streets. If there was, it had to be sanctioned. It was no wonder I'd longed to escape. Outside of the few family members that remained, there was nothing to return to, only failure, isolation, and financial ruin.
At the hostel, Carlos was waiting for me at the door. What had I been up to, he wondered. Drinking? Dancing? Making love to a beautiful woman? No. No. I needed to remind him once again that I had no life. No money, no honey. Tears of laughter poured from his eyes, and he clasped my hand, refusing to let it go.
Santa Marta was going to be my next stop and though I'd been there fourteen years earlier, could remember nothing about the place. I wasn't even sure why I wanted to go there, but had to go somewhere. I saw on Google that there was a small bus station that serviced Santa Marta, not far from the hostel, so decided to walk over and check on prices and times.
It had rained hard the night before. The big thunderstorms only added to the excitement of being in Colombia. Almost every afternoon dark clouds would roll in and the thunder would begin to rumble. Lightning would sometimes flash, and when that happened the thunder would just explode, shaking the earth to its core and almost causing my heart to stop. That's what I needed, electro-shock therapy with none of the cost or complications. As long as it was storming, I was fine. When it stopped, however, the thoughts would begin to creep back into my head, and that was never good.
Some of the streets were flooded, with trash floating on the brown water, as I made my way to Calle 47, and crossed a bridge to get to the station. The boy working security guard told me that there were buses leaving to Santa Marta every twenty minutes, and that it would be no problem to just show up and buy a ticket. Continuing north from there, it was just a few blocks to the Caribbean Sea. There was a barrier of rocks between the street and the beach, and the ocean was flat, with waves not more than a few inches high. On one section there were some red and yellow umbrellas and tables set up.
It was possible to follow the coastline back to the historic center. I reached the walls, which surround and define the old city, and entered at the rear. The walls, commissioned in the 17th century, and designed to keep pirates out, seemed to be an extension of the fort, with the same tunnels and sentry boxes. A group of teenage girls practiced a dance routine on one of the walls, as a man, perhaps their coach, shouted out directions.
I visited the Santuario de San Pedro Claver, the patron saint of slaves, and then made my way back to the Catedral de Santa Catalina de Alejandra, where I'd left off my exploring two days earlier. I made it a point to avoid the women in the African dresses, now knowing how sensitive they were to cameras being aimed in their direction. An old one got my attention with her good-natured persistence, however, so I agreed to pay for a picture of her, in her red, green, and yellow dress, a silver bowl with bananas, mangos, and pineapples, balanced on her head.
When I went to review the picture, I found the camera had added a time stamp, not only on that picture, but on all the pictures I'd taken that morning. What was the reason for that? I certainly hadn't asked it to. I managed to find the time stamp option in the settings and turn it off, but it was clear now that the phone was wigging out. It was trying to complete an update, but with no internet service, could only spin and spin. A page for the weather channel kept popping up with the current forecast for Manila. All the pictures I'd taken up to that point were ruined.
When I got back to the hostel, it was like the bug had now jumped to my laptop. The thumbnails for every picture in the pictures folder had crashed, leaving only row after row of the windows photo icon. That meant I now had to go through every picture individually in the photo viewer to see what they were. It was beyond a hassle, considering the whole purpose of the trip was to match pictures to words. Welcome to the life of an independent artist.
As an independent artist, you never have the resources or support to compete with what the top commercial artists are putting out there. All the money you manage to raise for a project is what they might spend for an hour in the studio, just tuning up their instruments. If something breaks down, there is no one to turn to. You bear all of the burden. Anything that can go wrong will go wrong. Then, when it finally comes time to share your finished work with others, you arrive at another level of letdown. The CD doesn't play. The link to your website doesn't go through. Or maybe they do work, but now the recording sounds nothing like it did when it was cranking out of the studio monitors. There are a million ways to fail.
There was never a time in my life that I dreamed about selling out arenas or winning awards for what I do, but when things are always breaking down and no one cares about what you do, it's easy to feel cursed. I spent the rest of the day researching ways to restore the thumbnails to the picture folder, and never found a solution, so started going through them, one by one, and realized that most of them were terrible.
At that point, it was time to turn off the light. Maybe things would be better in the morning, but to keep pushing now, would only make them worse.
There is a church on top of the highest hill in Cartagena that you can see from all over the city. The Convento de la Papa was built in 1607 by Augustine monks. Since I hadn't been there and had a day to kill, I thought I'd try to make my way there on foot, although I'd read something about thieves who lie in wait beside the road. When I told Carlos my plan, he had no response.
The convent looked like it might only be a mile and a half from where I was staying, and I just started walking in the general direction of it. Streets turned into dead ends and dirt paths, however, and I began to sense that maybe I would've been better off taking a taxi. I was dripping with sweat and the screen of my phone was steamed over and smudged with grease. I backtracked to the hostel, and then made my way to the fort, from where I'd seen signs pointing to the convent earlier. The neighborhood I passed through was full of auto repair shops and men working on motorcycles. Finally, I came to a sign that pointed uphill, and began to climb the road.
A man started shouting to me from the front of a store, but I just ignored him. Then another approached me, but it was just to warn me. I couldn't walk to the convent. It was too dangerous. I should take a moto if I wanted to visit it. Just then the man from the storefront came zooming up on a motorcycle. He wanted to charge me for a ride to the top and back. Now I didn't know who to trust. What if he was a thief? I asked him if he was and he just shook his head and laughed, so I climbed on the back of his bike with some grave misgivings, unable to just overlook the jagged scar that ran down his cheek.
As we began to climb the hill on the small motorbike, I realized that it was a lot longer to the top than it had appeared. I was glad to be getting the ride if only to avoid suffering a heat-stroke. We went around a number of curves. It didn't seem to be a dangerous neighborhood, but I couldn't see through the bushes.
At the top, I paid the small entrance fee, and went up a flight of stairs past a crowned King Jesus, extending his blessing to all who passed. The first door to the convent was locked, so I went over to the overlook where a Colombian flag was flying. You could see every quarter of the city. Once again, it made sense from on high, but when you were on the ground trying to navigate your way through the streets, the city was nothing but a labyrinth.
Finding an open door, I entered into the convent. There was sacred artwork on the walls and artifacts in glass cases, but an urgent stomach cramp made it difficult to concentrate. Although the worst of my sickness had passed, it still felt like I was walking through a lucid nightmare. When I finally found a toilet, back by the stairs, I sat drenched in sweat.
The driver was waiting for me when I came out, and with his helmet off I could see he was a large teen, not as imposing as when he'd been shouting to me from the storefront. He offered to take my picture in front of a large cross in the parking lot. The ride back down only took a few minutes and I paid him twenty thousand pesos, or four dollars for the trip.
I had a joke ready for Carlos when I got back to the monastery. He asked me about the thieves and I told him there'd been one for sure, meaning the boy who'd talked me into paying him for the ride. I looked it up later on the internet, however, and read about a guy who'd been recently robbed at gunpoint walking down from the convent, while cars, taxis, and even a tour bus passed him by. He claimed the thieves had held a gun to his head and waved a knife in his face.
The loss of the wallet and the phone he could live with, but it was the camera with 32 gigabytes full of pictures and memories from his trip that was really causing him anguish. He was wondering if someone from the tour bus had happened to witness the robbery and taken any pictures that might help him get his things back. It was a shot in the dark, but I could understand his desperation. Someone in the comments section had tried to console him, saying forget about the things. At least now he had the best party story ever. Perhaps, but if it had happened to me, it would've taken a long time to look at it that way.
If you ever want to feel like you have a lot of friends, just move all the time. Often it is only when you are leaving a place that people come forward with their affection. A false nostalgia sweeps over everyone. You remember good times that never even happened. So, it was leaving the Monastery Hostel. It had been a rough stay and I'd suffered through one of the worst depressions of my life, yet the manager, Carlos, who'd come to regard me as a comic genius, was sorry to see me go, and the sad, long-term residents, the monks, all came out to see me off as I passed through the bars of the front gate one last time.
Walking to the bus station, I passed the school that had been playing the maniacal welcome song every morning. The nuns had the children standing outside in lines. They all wore matching blue and white uniforms, and just stood there looking angelic. Where was all that mad music and screaming now? It was the first time the school had been silent in a week. That's how it goes when you finally leave a place.
At the station for Berlinastur, I got a ticket for the next shuttle, which was leaving in twenty minutes, and bought an empanada and coffee from the snack stand. There were only four of us aboard once the bus got underway. We cruised up the coast, along the sea, blasting salsa music, and there was little interruption until we reached Barranquilla, and ran into the attendant traffic of that sprawling city.
From Barranquilla it was two and a half hours to Santa Marta. Arriving in Santa Marta, the bus pulled over to the side of the street in front of a mall, and that was it. We were there. It was ten thousand pesos, two dollars, to take a taxi to the hostel I'd booked. On this trip, I had to go back and forth between getting enough privacy and dealing with the fact that everything was going on a credit card. I'd nearly drowned in my privacy in Cartagena, so thought I'd save some money by doing a dorm.
It seemed like a decent place. There was a lower bunk open with a curtain. Out back was a pool and a few lounge chairs. The girl who showed me around was friendly. I saw that they did laundry, which was necessary. If I wanted to take a tour, which I didn't, I could do that through them, as well.
As soon as I'd put my stuff away, I headed out for a walk. It was another rough neighborhood, but I was told that the center was only five blocks away. I'd gone about ten blocks before I came across any sign of it, the Catedral Basilica of Santa Marta, a place of historic significance because the remains of the Liberator, Simon Bolivar, who'd died in Santa Marta, had been stored there for twelve years, before being returned to his home town of Caracas.
Soon after, I reached the pedestrian street, Calle 19, that runs into the Parque de los Novios, and is lined with shops and agencies, advertising the various tours available. Among the options was a hike to the top of Cerro Kennedy, a visit to the Rio Don Diego, the Kogui Indigenous Village, the Mina Nature Walk, and the famous four-day trek to the Lost City. I was three hundred dollars shy of the Lost City tour, but had recently been in Los Angeles, so would have to content myself with that for the time being. The rest of the trips, forget about it. This was no vacation. It was exile.
When I got back to the hostel, there was some action taking place in my room. An old lizard who'd been hanging around the common area in only a pair of shorts, was loudly complaining, claiming that my bed was his, as if I'd invaded a private room he was staying in at the Ritz-Carlton. The girl who'd assigned me the bed was frantically apologetic and asked if I'd mind taking the top bunk for just one night. Ordinarily, no. To have to give it up to that old lounging lizard was another matter.
Later that night, my water bottle accidentally slipped off the bed and fell to the floor with a crash. The small croak of alarm it elicited was my only consolation.
By now I'd managed to match pictures to 160 songs and 212 poems for the galleries that I was building for my website. What was the point? I'd previously posted the words, along with links to the recordings on my YouTube channel, and there'd been no takers, I mean, none at all. I guess I was hoping that someone might look past my rough voice and crude low-fi videos, and see the jewel that's been shining in my heart all these years.
I decided to go to my Haunted Rock website and start it from scratch, to delete everything I'd posted so far. If you want to know what it's like to die on a dead-end street, all alone in the darkness of night, get a WordPress blog. It is like the parable in the Bible about the rich man who plans an extravagant wedding for his son, only to have none of the invited guests show up. At the end he's trying to round up enough beggars off the street to fill his banquet hall. Even beggars off the street will never visit your website, however, or comment on your latest masterpiece. You'll have to pay someone to do that.
When I went to sign into my WordPress site, it suddenly wasn't recognizing my password. I went through the whole process of changing it, then went back and tried again. Rejected once more. I changed it again. It didn't work. The next time I'd exceeded my sign in attempts limit. I'd have to wait for a half hour before trying again. Was there a phone number I could call for assistance? No. Was there any way to get help? No. My attempts to get through on live chat just kept directing me to the same general information page. This couldn't be happening. Not now. Putting up these galleries was the only thing keeping me alive.
Eventually, I did a Google search to see if anyone else had ever had the same problem. What I discovered was simply unbelievable. There is a wordpress.com and a wordpress.org which are owned by the same company but respond to different passwords. Once I made sure it was wordpress.com in the address bar, I was able to sign in right away, but what if I'd never found that out? The welcome screens looked identical.
My last great burst of inspiration had been at the beginning of the pandemic. I'd used all the time on my hands to redesign my site, and had wanted to add a PayPal button so had been forced to upgrade to their small business plan, which cost three hundred dollars a year. Previously, I'd been using the free site. The downside of that is that they litter it with advertisements, so suddenly, between your posts, may be a picture of arthritic feet or a brain tumor, some physical deformity disturbing enough to get you to cough up the money for the premium version. That's where I was at now. Two years of the small business plan had cost me six hundred dollars and I'd gained no followers or gotten any donations, so I'd downgraded to the premium plan, paying just enough to keep the freak show pictures off my site.
It didn't pain me to delete all my posts. They'd been like dogs that are born in the pound and die in the pound. What was my hope for this new crop? I thought that I might take a more extroverted approach, perhaps start handing out my business cards to other travelers, maybe even break out my ukulele by the pool. Where to even start? I figured I'd start with all the songs I had matches for. Just hang a travel picture on the site, like you would on a gallery wall, and then place the lyrics right beneath it. Right away I didn't like the fact that all the songs had been automatically alphabetized in the folder I'd put them in. I wasn't sure posting the songs in that order was the best way to go forward.
But then I came to a problem that rendered that objection obsolete. The pictures stopped uploading from my laptop to the media library. I hadn't posted more than twenty-five songs, when the image I was uploading failed to materialize. There was a ghost of an image, but the image itself was unable to break through. The wheel that marked the progress of the upload just kept spinning and spinning. I searched the internet for an hour but could find no solution. Despair fell down hard and heavy.
There was a girl I'd met named Jen, a young girl, out on her first hippie trek. I liked her because she was friendly and straight-forward with people. She came out just then and found me there at the desk I'd taken over, like an uncle who's just discovered that the stock market has crashed and he's ruined. What could I tell her about art and life? This is what happens. This is the reality of it. If you have to do it, then you have to do it. If you can get out of it somehow, run and don't look back.
They'd moved me to a lower bunk in another room, so I decided to stay in Santa Marta a few more days. It was nearly November 1, All Saints Day, tucked right between Halloween and All Souls Day, which I'd claimed as the official launch date for my Haunted Rock enterprise a few years earlier. The previous year I'd traveled down to Mexico City for the Day of the Dead festivities, and was hoping they'd have something comparable going on in Colombia, but there seemed to be nothing of that magnitude. People would probably be going to the cemeteries to visit their loved ones, but that was it.
I'd sent out job inquiries to every teaching job posted on seriousteachers.com by now, but had only heard back from a few schools. During the summer I'd been offered positions in Myanmar and Vietnam, but had turned them both down, hoping to base myself out of the States again if I could. There were substitute positions in both Hawaii and California, but I couldn't live on what they were paying. I had an interview with a school in China that night. By now I'd resolved to take almost anything I was offered. I desperately needed to have some money coming in, no matter where it came from.
My idea was to travel to a town called Mompox next. From what I'd read the area around the Magdalena River, where it's based, had inspired the magical realism of Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and his most famous novel, A Hundred Years of Solitude. Magical Realism is a style of literature that mixes fantasy and reality. Supernatural occurrences take place amidst the most mundane of circumstances. Mompox seemed like the perfect place to work on my song and poem galleries. The problem is that the images were no longer uploading to my website.
I spent a long time searching the internet trying to fix this problem. One thing that came up was that I might not have enough storage left on my account to add more photos. That didn't seem like it would be the case, but I looked into it, discovering that when I'd changed from the Business to the Premium plan on WordPress, my storage had dropped from two hundred to fifteen gigabytes. I'd used up more than half of that, but there was still space available, so that wasn't the problem. Even if I did get the images to start uploading again, however, now I knew that there wasn't nearly enough storage for the five hundred pictures I wanted to post. It was a very simple project that should have been easy to execute, yet I was being bedeviled at every turn.
Taking a break from that, I decided to focus on getting to Mompox. I'd been told that it was very complicated. You had to take a bus to Barranquilla, then another bus to Magangue, then a motorcycle to the river, then a boat across the river. Ordinarily, this sort of expedition wouldn't daunt me, but I was feeling overwhelmed, still under the weather and sick with depression. I did a number of searches and found that there was one direct bus a day from Santa Marta to Mompox, but when I tried to buy a ticket online the transaction failed to go through on two different websites. I ended up taking a taxi to the bus station, which was as far away as possible, and took a half hour to get to. It only took two minutes to buy the ticket and then I had to take a taxi all the way back, but at least it was done.
The best thing about the hostel was the small pool out back. The climate was so humid I was already getting crotch rot, and a short walk down to the beach and back at midday had drenched me in sweat. I took a brief swim and tried to just relax and get ready for my interview that night. A few hours before it, I took a shower and tried to shave. Halfway through the job, my electric razor seized up, leaving me with half a beard. That would've been perfect if I was auditioning for the lead in Diary of a Madman, the novella by Nikolay Gogol, not the album by Ozzy Osbourne. I tried charging the battery, then banged it around until it started buzzing again, just long enough to let me finish the job. Does that count as magical realism? On some level it must.
I wasn't nervous about the interview, because I didn't care much for the job. It was a Canadian school that had multiple branches in China. The principal was an American and our conversation was mostly cordial. It seemed like I could probably be a good fit for them. When he sent me the follow-up material, however, I saw they were asking me to get a Canadian teaching credential and also looking for a three-year commitment. That wasn't going to work. If I needed to, I'd go back to Saudi Arabia. In the past I'd gotten offers there based on sending off my resume alone. If they still wanted me, they could have me. Anyone who made it easy enough could have me. My bags were already packed. I was ready to go.


text:
Nunawading (Whitehorse) Civic Centre
379-397 Whitehorse Road, Nunawading 3131.
Built between 1968-9.
Designed by Gerd and Renate Block.
Not listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.
In 1964, the then City of Nunawading held a competition for the design of the new Nunawading Civic Centre complex, which would accommodate new council chambers, a hall and a library for the growing municipality in Melbourne's outer-east.
Six architectural firms were short-listed for the £1 million contract and in December 1964, Gerd and Renate Block were announced as the winners, surprising many in the architectural profession. The City of Nunawading council was subjected to much pressure from its citizens about the cost of constructing the civic centre and as a result, the council sought to reduce expenses where possible. Delays in acquiring all the necessary land and in finalising designs hampered progress but in October 1966, the $463,880 building contract was awarded to H.T. McKern & Sons.
Bad weather hampered construction and many Nunawading ratepayers were confronted by unusual aspects of the design, in particular the domed skylights above the council chamber.
The Nunawading Civic Centre was constructed in stages, starting with the council chambers which were completed in 1968, and followed by the library and Willis meeting room. The council chambers and library/meeting room buildings were linked by a large covered-way that was built into the permanent structure of the buildings.
The design of the Nunawading Civic Centre became an archetype for similar buildings elsewhere, both internally and externally. Earthy brown bricks were used for cladding, and these were punctuated by bay windows in the case of the library and recessed windows in the case of the council chambers. A dominant pressed-metal facia concealed the roof and the building's overall composition is as a series of blocks and rectangles, linked by a breezeway. Dark brown tiles were used to pave the walkways. Matching brick garden-beds and paths were constructed around the buildings. Internally, the Nunawading Civic Centre pioneered the "open plan office" in Australia which would become a standard for office design in subsequent decades.
In 1986, the library and the council chambers were swapped-over with the council moving into the library building and vice versa. The 'new' council chambers were substantially extended and both buildings were completely refurbished internally. Externally, changes and extensions were sympathetically completed in the same style and using the same materials as the original library and council chambers.
In 1994, the City of Nunawading was merged with the City of Box Hill to form the City of Whitehorse. As a result, the Nunawading Civic Centre was re-named the Whitehorse Civic Centre.
In 2008, the council chambers were substantially refurbished and extended so that the council chamber and library buildings were joined. The old covered-way was demolished and the infill building constructed to a new and contemporary design.
In 2011, the library building was refurbished and such significant alterations were made to its exterior that most of Gerd and Renate Block's original design has been destroyed, as has the relationship of the two buildings to each other.
(The images on this page show the building prior to the 2008 refurbishments).
Page created: 04 December 2011. Last updated: 24 November 2020 at 11:44am.


The World's smallest and most reliable 4 channel mobile DVR. Connect up to 4 cameras (2 are in standard kit models). Integrated GPS, 6-Axis G-shock Sensor, built-in mic, 3 12V alarm input triggers, one 5v alarm output trigger, SD card (128GB capacity), external event record button, standard kits available for lift truck applications include WiFi or Cellular modem and video-out for connecting to optional LCD (rear view) display.
The Transmon CP4 is compact and discreet and records from up to 4 cameras with audio for up to 200 hours. CP4 records exactly what happened before, during and after an incident---triggered by the impact sensor or the compatible TDS601 keypad impact or speed sensor. A video of triggered event is then viewed from various synchronized camera angles before, during and after the incident. Some clients use the external event record button to record video of received damaged goods or loading of high value product.
Management can use this video for operator accountability, equipment usage, equipment whereabouts, proper checklist completion, impact force of accident, product that is hit, false driver claim verification, texting and mobile phone usage while driving, excessive lingering and accident near-miss events used for operator training. Event videos can be saved to the PC in operator's file for future reference. Time stamped video makes drivers accountable for shift start times, break times, lunch times and end day finish times. Video accountability also has been shown to significantly improve handling productivity and reduce accidents and damage to product and equipment.
Heavily used forklifts in high volume handling operations are frequently abused causing the company countless amounts in damaged product, damaged equipment, damaged machinery and damaged buildings. Transmon's CP4 camera has been proven to significantly reduce damage by careless and reckless forklift drivers by providing management a video proof of an accident before, during and after the abusive impact or speeding event occurs. You can connect up to 4 high resolution color cameras, GPS, infrared night-vision, up to 3 minutes of pre-alarm recording, and SD Card flash storage (up to 128GB). The CP4 series is as technologically sophisticated as it is practical, it offers forklift fleet users an effective risk reducing means to aid in the investigation process, decrease collateral damages associated with accidents, make operators accountable for properly performing the pre-shift checklist, videoing the loading/unloading of expensive product before shipment and upon delivery in your facility, and improving operator's driving behaviors.
An in-vehicle EDR (Event Data Recorder), makes constant recordings of video footage using a 'first-in' 'first-out' method. In the event of an abusive impact, speeding or triggered alarm recording, the CP4 'flags' these saved event files so they do not delete when the SD card becomes full. When the camera is triggered by an external alarm input, the recording begins up to 30 seconds before and after the trigger activation (time is adjustable). These videos may later be viewed for surveillance purposes or evidence in an investigation, providing concrete evidence for clarifying responsibility. The CP4 provides an easy user interface to extract the data from the unit and transfer to a computer. Our unique software is preloaded on the SD card and is compatible with any version of Windows, which makes it effortless to view and save video files to your PC. With the click of your mouse, you can convert videos to AVI format for easy playback in almost any media player.
GPS is standard in the device, so if you have an outdoor application, you can track the position of the vehicle when you review the SD card video via an internet connection to Google Earth. Video is reviewed via the software on the PC in actual time, 1/2X, 2X, 4X, 8X and 16X actual speed. All video is time and date stamped and shows vehicle speed and accelerometer output as the video is reviewed. Up to 4 cameras are synchronized on the split view video screen allowing an accident to be reviewed from several different angles.


text:
Q: Python wrapper for C++ .so is only useable when COPY'ing code into docker image and not when mounted by volume? I have somewhat successfully dockerized a software repository (KPConv) that I plan to work with and extend with the following Dockerfile
FROM tensorflow/tensorflow:1.12.0-devel-gpu-py3

# Install other required python stuff
RUN apt-get update && apt install -y --fix-missing --no-install-recommends\
    python3-setuptools python3-pip python3-tk

RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip3 install numpy scikit-learn psutil matplotlib pyqt5 laspy

# Compile the custom operations and CPP wrappers
# For some reason this must be done within container, cannot access libcuda.so during docker build
# Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/66575232
#COPY . /kpconv
#WORKDIR /kpconv/tf_custom_ops
#RUN sh compile_op.sh
#WORKDIR /kpconv/cpp_wrappers
#RUN sh compile_wrappers.sh

# Set the working directory to kpconv
WORKDIR /kpconv

# Set root user password so we can su/sudo later if need be
RUN echo "root:pass" | chpasswd

# Create a user and group akin to the host within the container
ARG USER_ID
ARG GROUP_ID
RUN addgroup --gid $GROUP_ID user
RUN adduser --disabled-password --gecos '' --uid $USER_ID --gid $GROUP_ID user
USER user

#Build
#sudo docker build -t kpconv-test \
#    --build-arg USER_ID=$(id -u) \
#    --build-arg GROUP_ID=$(id -g) \
#    .

At the end of this Dockerfile I followed a post found here which describes a way to correctly set the permissions of files generated by/within a container so that the host machine/user can access them without having to alter the file permissions.
Also, this software repository makes use of custom tensorflow operations in C++ (KPConv/tf_custom_ops) along with Python wrappers for custom C++ code (KPConv/cpp_wrappers). The author of KPConv, Thomas Hugues, provides a bash script which compiles each to generate various .so files.

If I COPY the repository into the image during the build process (COPY . /kpconv), startup the container, call both of the compile bash scripts, and run the code then Python correctly loads the C++ wrapper (the generated .so grid_subsampling.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so) and begins running the software as expected/intended.
$ sudo docker run -it \
>     -v /<myhostpath>/data_sets:/data \
>     -v /<myhostpath>/_output:/output \
>     --runtime=nvidia kpconv-test /bin/bash
user@eec8553dcb5d:/kpconv$ cd tf_custom_ops
user@eec8553dcb5d:/kpconv/tf_custom_ops$ sh compile_op.sh
user@eec8553dcb5d:/kpconv/tf_custom_ops$ cd ..
user@eec8553dcb5d:/kpconv$ cd cpp_wrappers/
user@eec8553dcb5d:/kpconv/cpp_wrappers$ sh compile_wrappers.sh
running build_ext
building 'grid_subsampling' extension
<Redacted for brevity>
user@eec8553dcb5d:/kpconv/cpp_wrappers$ cd ..
user@eec8553dcb5d:/kpconv$ python training_ModelNet40.py

Dataset Preparation
*******************

Loading training points
1620.2 MB loaded in 0.6s

Loading test points
411.6 MB loaded in 0.2s
<Redacted for brevity>

This works well and allows me run the KPConv software.
Also to note for later the .so file has the hash
user@eec8553dcb5d:/kpconv/cpp_wrappers/cpp_subsampling$ sha1sum grid_subsampling.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
a17eef453f6d2370a15bc2a0e6714c978390c5c3  grid_subsampling.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

It also has the permissions
user@eec8553dcb5d:/kpconv/cpp_wrappers/cpp_subsampling$ ls -al grid_subsampling.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 user user 561056 Mar 14 02:16 grid_subsampling.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

Though it produces a difficult workflow for quickly editing and the software for my purposes and quickly running it within the container. Every change to the code requires a new build of the image. Thus, I would much rather mount/volume the KPConv code from the host into the container at runtime and then the edits are "live" within the container as it is running.
Doing this and using the Dockerfile at the top of the post (no COPY . /kpconv) to compile an image, perform the same compilation steps, and run the code
$ sudo docker run -it \
>     -v /<myhostpath>/data_sets:/data \
>     -v /<myhostpath>/KPConv_Tensorflow:/kpconv \
>     -v /<myhostpath>/_output:/output \
>     --runtime=nvidia kpconv-test /bin/bash
user@a82e2c1af21a:/kpconv$ cd tf_custom_ops/
user@a82e2c1af21a:/kpconv/tf_custom_ops$ sh compile_op.sh
user@a82e2c1af21a:/kpconv/tf_custom_ops$ cd ..
user@a82e2c1af21a:/kpconv$ cd cpp_wrappers/
user@a82e2c1af21a:/kpconv/cpp_wrappers$ sh compile_wrappers.sh
running build_ext
building 'grid_subsampling' extension
<Redacted for brevity>
user@a82e2c1af21a:/kpconv/cpp_wrappers$ cd ..
user@a82e2c1af21a:/kpconv$ python training_ModelNet40.py

I receive the following Python ImportError
user@a82e2c1af21a:/kpconv$ python training_ModelNet40.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "training_ModelNet40.py", line 36, in <module>
    from datasets.ModelNet40 import ModelNet40Dataset
  File "/kpconv/datasets/ModelNet40.py", line 40, in <module>
    from datasets.common import Dataset
  File "/kpconv/datasets/common.py", line 29, in <module>
    import cpp_wrappers.cpp_subsampling.grid_subsampling as cpp_subsampling
ImportError: /kpconv/cpp_wrappers/cpp_subsampling/grid_subsampling.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: failed to map segment from shared object

Why is this Python wrapper for C++ only useable when COPY'ing code into the docker image and not when mounted by volume?
This .so file has the same hash and permissions as the first described situation
user@a82e2c1af21a:/kpconv/cpp_wrappers/cpp_subsampling$ sha1sum grid_subsampling.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
a17eef453f6d2370a15bc2a0e6714c978390c5c3  grid_subsampling.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
user@a82e2c1af21a:/kpconv/cpp_wrappers/cpp_subsampling$ ls -al grid_subsampling.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 user user 561056 Mar 14 02:19 grid_subsampling.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

On my host machine the file has the following permissions (it's on the host because /kpconv was mounted as a volume) (for some reason the container is in the future too, check the timestamps)
$ ls -al grid_subsampling.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 <myusername> <myusername> 561056 Mar 13 21:19 grid_subsampling.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

After some research on the error message it looks like every result is specific to a situation. Though most seem to mention that the error is the result of some sort of permissions issue.
This Unix&Linux Stack answer I think provides the answer to what the actual problem is. But I am a bit too far from my days of working with C++ as an intern in college to necessarily understand how to use it to fix this issue. But I think the issue lies with the permissions between the container and host and between the users on each (that is, root on the container, user (Dockerfile) on the container, root on host, and <myusername> on host).

I have also attempted to first elevate permissions within the container using the root password created in the Dockerfile, then compiling the code, and running the software. But this results in the same issue. I have also tried compiling the code as user in the container, but running the software as root, again with the same issue.
Thus another clue I have found and provide is that there is seemingly something different with the .so when compiled "only within" the container (no --volume) and when it is compiled within the --volume (thus why I attempted to compare the file hashes). So maybe its not so much permissions but how the .so is loaded within the container by the kernel or how its location within the --volume effects that loading process?

EDIT: As for a SSCCE you should be able to clone the linked repository to your machine and use the same Dockerfile. You do not need to specify the /data or /output volumes or alter the code in any way (It attempts to load the .so before loading the data (which will just error and end execution))
If you do not have a GPU or do not want to install nvidia-runtime you should be able to alter the Dockerfile base image to tensorflow:1.12.0-devel-py3 and run the code on CPU.

A: Your problem is created by the linker trying to dynamically load the library. There could be several root-causes for this:

*

*Permissions. The user should have permission to load the library, so when mounting file systems in docker, the owner id and the group id that are in the host are not necessary the same id in the container although they might be the same name.

*Wrong binary format. The host OS is compiling the binary in wrong format. This can happen if you run the compile on (by example) macOS and use it in a linux container.

*Wrong mounting. The mounting, by example, with noexec will also prevent the library to be loaded.

*Difference in libraries from both environments. Due to the differences of the environment where the library was compiled, you might be missing some libraries, so use ldd grid_subsampling.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so and ldd -r -d -v grid_subsampling.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so check all the libraries that are linked.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Tyrannobdella rex  ist eine im Jahr 1997 in Peru entdeckte parasitische Egelart, welche die Schleimhäute von Säugetieren befällt. Eine genauere Untersuchung und taxonomische Einordnung der Art erfolgte im Jahr 2010.

Merkmale
Tyrannobdella rex hat im Gegensatz zu anderen Egelarten nur einen Kiefer mit einer einzigen Zahnreihe (monostichodont). Dafür besitzt er aber acht, für Egel relativ große Zähne mit bis zu 0,13 Millimetern Länge, derentwegen er einen Namen in Anlehnung an den Saurier Tyrannosaurus rex trägt. Diese Zähne, von denen oft nur sechs im einfachen Lichtmikroskop zu erkennen sind, weil die beiden anderen subkutan liegen, sind rund fünf Mal so lang wie etwa jene der verwandten Gattung Limnatis. Der nahe verwandte Egel Pintobdella chiapasensis hat ebenfalls eine reduzierte Anzahl von Zähnen, nämlich nur sechs pro Kiefer, ist jedoch mit drei Kiefern ausgestattet.

Lebensweise und Ernährung
Im Juvenilstadium mit einer Körpergröße von einigen Millimetern beißt sich der Egel in der Schleimhaut fest und ernährt sich vom Blut des Wirtes. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Blutegeln fällt Tyrannobdella rex nach der Blutmahlzeit nicht ab, sondern bleibt noch einige Tage bis Wochen an der Bissstelle haften. Nach einiger Zeit kann er dort eine Größe von bis zu 7 cm erreichen.

Tyrannobdella rex bevorzugt die Schleimhäute von Mund- und Nasenraum der Menschen. Andere Blutegel, die sich ebenfalls an Schleimhäuten ansiedeln, wurden ebenfalls im Nasenraum, aber auch im Bereich der Augen und des Urogenitaltrakts von Säugetieren gefunden.

Symptome
Wenn Tyrannobdella rex die Nasenhöhle befällt, kann er starke Kopfschmerzen verursachen. Wegen seiner geringen Körpergröße wird der Egel anfänglich meist nicht bemerkt. Berichten zufolge verbrachte ein Tier mehrere Wochen in seinem Wirt, bis man ihn bemerkte und entfernte.

Systematik
Das Merkmal, dass bei dieser Art nur ein einziger Kiefer vorhanden ist, hat zur Errichtung einer eigenen Gattung Tyrannobdella geführt, aus der bisher nur Tyrannobdella rex bekannt ist. Man bezeichnet Gattungen mit nur einer Art als monotypisch. Der Fund von Tyrannobdella rex und der molekulargenetische Vergleich seines Genoms mit dem anderer Blutegel, die auf den Schleimhäuten von Säugetieren parasitieren, hat neue Erkenntnisse für die Systematik gebracht. Er wurde in die Familie Praobdellidae gestellt, zu der auch die Gattungen Praobdella, Pintobdella, Myxobdella, Dinobdella, Limnatis und Limnobdella zählen. Die meisten dieser Gattungen sind in Afrika und Asien beheimatet, Tyrannobdella rex ist der einzige Vertreter der Familie aus Südamerika, sein nächster Verwandter, Pintobdella chiapasensis stammt aus Mexiko, wo er hauptsächlich auf den Nasenschleimhäuten von Tapiren parasitiert. Die Schwestergruppe zur Familie der Praobdellidae sind die beiden rein südamerikanischen Familien Semiscolescidae (Gattungen Semiscolex und Patagoniobdella) und Macrobdellidae (Gattungen Macrobdella, Philobdella und Oxyptychus).

Literatur
 Anna J. Phillips, Renzo Arauco-Brown, Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa, Gloria P. Gomez, María Beltrán, Yi-Te Rai und Mark Siddall: Tyrannobdella rex N. Gen. N. Sp. and the Evolutionary Origins of Mucosal Leech Infestations. PLoS ONE 5, 4, e10057, 2010. .

Weblinks

 Pressemeldung auf stern.de

Egel
Hirudinea
Parasit bei Säugetieren
Parasit des Menschen


The current GBP/PEN exchange rate is 4.28. (Last updated on April 22, 2019 04:45:01 UTC).
It means you will get PEN 4.2764 for 1 GBP or GBP 0.2338 for 1 PEN.
PEN exchange rate was last updated on April 22, 2019 03:19:00 UTC.


letting me in on a secret I waited my whole life to hear.
how wistful I was for something I'd never experienced.
its door low enough for me to study the laundry hanging on the line.
Sand fell from my shorts, as if I collected it in my pockets on purpose.
watching movies and taking solitary bike rides.
The sea was too cold for me to swim, but the local kids were used to it.
I could only take pictures.
the bay filled with worse things than jellyfish.
I was gone by then, the summer I spent there just a memory of salt.
none of us can stay the same forever.


Any person strategy is delivered for every pupil. A good a reaction to the issue is to have a school assignment on the net. When you acquire a college term paper from decent providers, it is certain that your choice of undertaking will be created properly. The writing of the occupation can happen in full acquiescence with the requirements of your establishment. Sticking with that, you should conform to this customizable making progression pretty extensively as a method to are worthy of the best sign. Accomplishing this for buying paperwork is fairly simple, easy and translucent. Decide to buy Custom Term Paper Tricks Copying word paperwork or fabric correct from the web can lead to severe cases of plagiarism and can bring about a lot of trouble for many trainees. There can be what to message when you want to write your pieces of paper. Allow me to share the principal logic behind why you're along at the ideal location to order newspaper. Proficient term paper creators are affordable professional essay writers and are generally capable of assist you to obtain the info for which you must have into your subject matter. You are able to get yourself a essay newspaper on any area of interest and receive it consisting with top quality help and advice from start to finish. If you wish to consider essays on the internet, it is simple to get in touch with any query or problems that you need to be replied. Need to know More To Do With Get Unique Term Paper?
When you get yourself a term paper, we insist on supplying you with the best made to order system that has been unrivalled. Hence, in cases where that you simply simply have to attain customizable term paper, you may choose concerning a few websites. Ensure that each individual singular time you acquire specialized term paper from us, you find a entirely perfect educational crafting. Our made to order college or university time period documents influence the simple fact which we could produce an whole secure of competent class professionals who all fully understand precisely what it entails to produce a very good term paper that everyone can engage in. Throughout our EXELLENT tailor-made term paper publishing product, you can order any choice school documents upon a wide range of things. If you're thinking about publishing your school assignment once you don't possess hint about composing it, get in contact with us and we'll teach you how you will can go forward utilizing this type of. To get an expression pieces of paper on-line you've became to get a number of simple actions. At correctly precisely the same time, you really should try to remember to view spend money on term paper examples. You could think than a nicely-reviewed cardstock that might take you https://ca.grademiners.com/thesis-writing every week to accomplish is often costly, although the inescapable fact is they're fairly low-priced and affordable. A corporation must also be in the position to update a newspaper when it wasn't well carried out. The Nuiances of Purchase Tailor made School Assignment Acquiring it posted by using a creator here quite often would mean your job will probably be established yourself. These types of online solutions helps to supply you with an probability of obtaining a learning experience and very good levels. Further professional services like editing and archiving are offered for students who want a further belief on his or her do the job.
Pay for Personalized School Assignment Strategies That No One Is Aware Of Term paper authors with their become have many choices and a wide decision concerning expertise to meet each demand of a customer. The personalized newspaper support includes a dollars-back again warrant. Once you order a school assignment for school, it happens to be somewhat completely different from just paying the funds and finding the geared up item. Should you really stress concerning the caliber with your essay coupled with you happen to be having to worry about when you can discover a newspaper author you can actually confidence, you possess came to the proper notice. Simply let our extremely capable freelance writers give you all those things you've got to have in regards to scholastic simply writing. When investing in an essay from us, you may be sure to appreciate specific system given that essay help out supplied by our authors is obviously unique depending on your expectations. Strive to recall it is important to finish the repair by minding the created outline. Our unique essay authoring support features a lot of cost-free bonus deals like no cost pay for webpage, for free overview, and totally free bibliography article. If you're writing out your paper to the initial time, ensure you verify highly accurate way of specific challenge.
New Thorough Roadmap for Get Unique Term Paper If you're seeking to get personalized words newspapers http://www.shepherd.edu/buy-essay-antigone/ to have a university or university training, it's vital to always be specific the report you will enjoy is of the greatest outstanding. If you're not altogether apparent on a sensible way to make certain you fail to plagiarise, then our customer school assignment producing system may be exactly what you are looking for. Look online and you're gonna confront a extensive assortment of cheap school assignment composing England expertise. School Assignment authoring service readily available online will have the ability to assist you to appropriately. Looking for online will help can provide the paper come out outstanding. Obtain Custom made School Assignment Elements With the help, you're qualified to enjoy some additional offerings that many of us commitment for your clientele. Our superb program doesn't generally suggests that we're no low-cost aid. New Concepts Into Obtain Unique Term Paper In no way Right before Exposed Buying bargain documents isn't a substitute. The Components of Decide to buy Specialized School Assignment You purely have got to have a look at our webpage and set your obtain. You ought to give info on your news paper when following on from the order sort.


text:
Section 171.321
171.32 171.3215
Criminal apprehension bureau
Criminal justice information system (cjis)
Driver training schools
In-service training
Medical examiners
Nonpublic schools
2010 Subd. 2 Amended 2010 c 351 s 73
2009 Subd. 1 Amended 2009 c 96 art 8 s 12
2008 Subd. 1 Amended 2008 c 350 art 1 s 64
2003 Subd. 5 Amended 2003 c 9 art 1 s 48
2002 Subd. 3 Amended 2002 c 321 s 2
2001 Subd. 5 Amended 2001 c 98 s 1
1997 Subd. 3 Amended 1997 c 4 art 12 s 31
1994 Subd. 2 Amended 1994 c 647 art 12 s 29
1994 Subd. 4 New 1994 c 647 art 12 s 31
171.321 QUALIFICATIONS OF SCHOOL BUS DRIVER.
Subdivision 1.Endorsement.
No person shall drive a school bus when transporting school children to or from school or upon a school-related trip or activity without having a valid class A, class B, or class C driver's license with a school bus endorsement except that a person possessing a valid driver's license but not a school bus endorsement may drive a type III vehicle or a school bus, subject to the requirements of section 171.02, subdivisions 2, 2a, and 2b.
Subd. 2.Rules.
(a) The commissioner of public safety shall prescribe rules governing the physical qualifications of school bus drivers and tests required to obtain a school bus endorsement. The rules must provide that an applicant for a school bus endorsement or renewal is exempt from the physical qualifications and medical examination required to operate a school bus upon providing evidence of being medically examined and certified within the preceding 24 months as physically qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle, pursuant to Code of Federal Regulations, title 49, part 391, subpart E, or rules of the commissioner of transportation incorporating those federal regulations. The commissioner shall accept physical examinations for school bus drivers conducted by medical examiners authorized as provided by Code of Federal Regulations, title 49, chapter 3, part 391, subpart E.
(b) The commissioner of public safety, in conjunction with the commissioner of education, shall adopt rules prescribing a training program for Head Start bus drivers. The program must provide for initial classroom and behind-the-wheel training, and annual in-service training. The program must provide training in defensive driving, human relations, emergency and accident procedures, vehicle maintenance, traffic laws, and use of safety equipment. The program must provide that the training will be conducted by the contract operator for a Head Start agency, the Head Start grantee, a licensed driver training school, or by another person or entity approved by both commissioners.
Subd. 3.Records check of applicant.
(a) Before issuing or renewing a school bus endorsement, the commissioner shall conduct a criminal history and driver's license records check of the applicant. The commissioner may also conduct the check at any time while a person is so licensed. The check must consist of a criminal history check of the state criminal records repository and a check of the driver's license records system. If the applicant has resided in Minnesota for less than five years, the check must also include a national criminal history check. The commissioner shall accept the national criminal history check request and the fingerprints of the applicant and is authorized to exchange fingerprints with the Federal Bureau of Investigation and request the Federal Bureau of Investigation to conduct a criminal history check. The applicant's failure to cooperate with the commissioner in conducting the records check is reasonable cause to deny an application or cancel a school bus endorsement. The commissioner may not release the results of the records check to any person except the applicant or the applicant's designee in writing.
(b) The commissioner may issue to an otherwise qualified applicant a temporary school bus endorsement, effective for no more than 180 days, upon presentation of (1) an affidavit by the applicant that the applicant has not been convicted of a disqualifying offense and (2) a criminal history check from each state of residence for the previous five years. The criminal history check may be conducted and prepared by any public or private source acceptable to the commissioner. The commissioner may reissue the temporary endorsement if the national criminal records repository check is timely submitted but not completed within the 180-day period.
Subd. 4.Training.
(a) No person shall drive a class A, B, C, or D school bus when transporting school children to or from school or upon a school-related trip or activity without having demonstrated sufficient skills and knowledge to transport students in a safe and legal manner.
(b) A bus driver must have training or experience that allows the driver to meet at least the following competencies:
(1) safely operate the type of school bus the driver will be driving;
(2) understand student behavior, including issues relating to students with disabilities;
(3) encourage orderly conduct of students on the bus and handle incidents of misconduct appropriately;
(4) know and understand relevant laws, rules of the road, and local school bus safety policies;
(5) handle emergency situations; and
(6) safely load and unload students.
(c) The commissioner of public safety shall develop a comprehensive model school bus driver training program and model assessments for school bus driver training competencies, which are not subject to chapter 14. A school district, nonpublic school, or private contractor may use alternative assessments for bus driver training competencies with the approval of the commissioner of public safety. A driver may receive at least eight hours of school bus in-service training any year, as an alternative to being assessed for bus driver competencies after the initial year of being assessed for bus driver competencies. The employer shall keep the assessment or a record of the in-service training for the current period available for inspection by representatives of the commissioner.
(d) A school district, nonpublic school, or private contractor shall provide in-service training annually to each school bus driver.
Subd. 5.Annual evaluation and license verification.
(a) For purposes of this section, "annually" means at least once every 380 days from the initial or previous evaluation and at least once every 380 days from the initial or previous license verification.
(b) A school district, nonpublic school, or private contractor shall annually verify with the National Driver Register or with the Department of Public Safety the validity of the driver's license of each employee who regularly transports students for the district in:
(1) a type A school bus, a type B school bus, a type C school bus, or type D school bus;
(2) a multifunction school activity bus; or
(3) a type III vehicle.
1971 c 644 s 16; 1975 c 265 s 1; 1985 c 291 s 23; 1987 c 379 s 2; 1989 c 140 s 13; 1990 c 529 s 9; 1993 c 57 s 1; 1994 c 483 s 1; 1994 c 603 s 17; 1994 c 647 art 12 s 29-32; 1Sp1995 c 3 art 2 s 42-44; art 16 s 13; 1996 c 275 s 12; 1997 c 187 art 3 s 25; 1Sp1997 c 4 art 12 s 31; 2000 c 489 art 6 s 33-36; 2001 c 98 s 1; 2002 c 321 s 2; 1Sp2003 c 9 art 1 s 48; art 10 s 13; 2004 c 206 s 29; 2004 c 294 art 2 s 31; 2007 c 146 art 8 s 13; 2008 c 350 art 1 s 64; 2009 c 96 art 8 s 12-14
NOTE: The amendment to subdivision 5, by Laws 2009, chapter 96, article 8, section 14, is effective July 1, 2010. Laws 2009, chapter 96, article 8, section 14, the effective date.


06/04/2018 - Have you ever wanted to tell the Postmaster General a thing or two? Now you can.
The APWU Contract Campaign is asking members to submit short videos to the union telling the story of the work you and other union members perform daily serving the public and why you need a new – and fair – contract! Tell your story on video and your APWU bargaining team will carry your message on to the bargaining table.
Every member who submits a video clip will receive a 2018 Contract Campaign t-shirt!
Film the video in landscape (not portrait) mode on your smartphone.
Make sure you are in a space without a lot of background noise. If you must be in a space with noise, please speak very loudly so that you can be heard.
Remember: When you shoot your video, wear your union gear!
You have until Monday, June 11 to enter your video.


Soulistic Hospice frequently participates in outreach programs throughout the Tucson and Tubac communities in Southern Arizona. We look forward to meeting you and having the chance to answer your questions about hospice care! Click any event to see more details.


duct Id: LAN10. Satin Lanyard Ribbon Style. **Attachments: A1 Simple J included in the price - additional costs for other attachments . **Clip Connector NOT included. Colours. Any PMS colour available. MOQ is 500.
Crab Claw. Product Id: A4. Crab Claw. Colours. as attached.
Deluxe Swivel. Product Id: A5. Deluxe Swivel. Colours. as attached.
Executive Swivel. Product Id: A6. Executive Swivel. Colours. as attached.
J Swivel. Product Id: A7. J Swivel. Colours. as attached.
Superior 'O' Clip. Product Id: A8. Superior 'O' Clip. Colours. as attached.


The eyes appear to be hand painted and possibly glass.
Item Included: 1 Gargoyle statue/ sculpture. Perfect for new or veteran collectors, whether hung on a garden wall or displayed flat with your other Gothic collectibles. If there are any problems with your order.
Artist Manchester created our gargoyle sculpture to be a foot tall and cast it in quality designer resin with a two-tone, faux stone finish. Looking for more uniquely distinctive gifts ideas?.
Reminiscent of the grotesque Gothic faces in the weathered stone facades of Oxford University, this eerie grotesque Gargoyle continues a rich tradition of quirky and quite entertaining stonework. Our own Gothic gargoyle is actually cast of quality designer resin with a grey stone finish.
A very unique, heavy shelf. Feel like it weighs over 20 lbs. Pulled from an estate sale of a old hippie/ biker's house, possibly from the 1960's or 70's?.
Gargoyles have long been used to decorate gardens and flower beds. The Gargoyle is made of solid resin and Hand Painted. made in the USA. Can be used indoor & outdoors.
(PERCHED DRAGON. Shelf or computer sitter. Coke can not included :).
DARK GRAY & GREEN /ANTIQUE BRONZE LOOK - MADE OF PLASTER.
With powerful shoulders, craggy claws and a death grip, the mythical gargoyle Clutch will protect his mystic orb from savage barbarians and wyverns -or die trying! Sculpted with the wings of a Gothic guardian and the muscular haunches of legendary mythical beasts, this collectible gothic gargoyle statue is cast in quality designer resin.
Gargoyles have long been used to decorate gardens and flower beds. The Gargoyle is made of solid resin and Hand Painted. Can be used indoor & outdoors.
Paperweight Signed 3 ". very cool piece great for the troll collector.
Watch our gargoyle claw his way to the top!
Bird Dragon Gargoyle in Greystone. Gothic Guardians. Design SG-125 - 1999.
This statue features a gargoyle crouching and holding a shield.
Plunkvoot's Ark. "The Ark that didn't make it". Artist Dennis Liberty's whimsical parody of the Noah's Ark Bible story. Hudson Pewter. They are no longer in production since Hudson Pewter ceased operations on Jan. 4th, 2000.
The statue has a date of 1996 signed on it along with the artists signature and makers mark.
Great for any Goth collector. Guardians of the roof these miniature gargoyles will protect your fairy garden or fairy house. Model: 10330.
This artist is well versed in the history and lore of these fabled creatures, spared no detail in the exquisite sculpt or intricate hand-painting. This gothic guardian in quality designer resin. Height of the gargoyle is 22".
Estate Sale Find! Nice Wall Gargoyle. It appears to be a plaster type material. There is a chip along the bottom of the piece. 7" tall and 4" wide.
Griffin Sculpture. Made of Cold Cast Resin.
VINTAGE MYTHICAL GARGOYLE WALL SHELF. 13" WIDE BY 9" TALL. SOME CHIPS IN BLACK PAINT. MADE OF CHALKWARE/PLASTER. PERFECT HOLIDAY GIFT FOR SOMEONE WHO LOVES UNIQUE GIFTS.
Cast in quality designer resin, this gargoyle is finished in Gothic green tones. So lifelike this ferocious warrior!
By artist Liam Manchester. He doesn't care HOW.
GARGOYLE COLLECTION STONE SENTRY FIGURE INTERNATIONAL RESOURCING ABOUT 4" TALL. Has sat on a shelf since it was purchased in 1996. Zoom pictures for details of this interesting piece. Message if there are questions.
Vintage Mythical God Gargoyle Gothic Art Deco 1930s Necklace Amazing Piece!!
He's a gargoyle! He's a dog! He's a delightful hybrid of the two! Looking for more uniquely distinctive gifts ideas?.
Cathedral Gargoyle Statue. Looking for more uniquely distinctive gifts ideas?.
Detail is Fabulous. One wing is slightly bent down.
It's normally. See my other lots. Maybe you will find what you were looking for! Weight - about 300 grams.
VERY GOOD CONDITION, NO ISSUES.6.5" X 6".LOOKS TO BE MADE OF A HEAVY RESIN TYPE MATERIAL.
Winged Dog Faced Gargoyle. Gray In Color.
This gargoyle kneels in servitude holding a beacon of light in the darkness. He is the ultimate protector of the master's realm, feared by all evil spirits. This Gargoyle Candle Holder is made of designer composite resin, hand painted and polished.
This gothic guardian creature of the night defends the ancient cathedral of truth. He is a warden of the saints, keeping evil spirits out of the vicinity. This Guardian Gargoyle Statue is made of designer composite resin mixed with crushed stone, hand painted and polished.
Porcelain Stone Finish Gargoyle. Condition is Used. Shipped with USPS Parcel Select Ground.


text:
World Trade Times
World Economic News
Economic NewsEconomicThar Coal Project lift me out of poverty: a truck driver interviewed
Thar Coal Project lift me out of poverty: a truck driver interviewed
18 August, 2021 Wednesday 23:18 Economic
In August, the temperature in Thar reached 50 degrees Celsius. The Thar II project, contracted by China Railway Construction Corporation Limited (CRCC) , is under intense construction. In spite of the heat, Mutlib and his colleagues are working energetically.
The Thar desert region is one of the poorest areas in Pakistan with little resources and extreme harsh natural environment, and the local people generally rely on herding to make a living.
In 2016, CRCC undertook the construction of Thar project, which employed the surrounding villagers to become the main force. Since then, they have constantly trained them as technical personnel to solve the local employment problem. "Since working on the project, we've learned skills, got rid of poverty and became rich. Before I participated in Thar project and became a truck driver, I had never even seen a car, let alone drive a truck safely," Mutlib, who used to be a sheep herder, told reporters, "When I applied for the job, the villagers around me thought it was too risky. Nobody believed that a shepherd boy who had never seen a car could drive such a huge mining truck."
"On my first day at work, I walked to the truck without a helmet and the Chinese master Xu Hongyan stopped me and told me sternly that I had to wear a helmet and life was more important than anything else," recalls Mutlib.
When Mutlib received his first income, he bought gifts for his family, new clothes for his children and supplies for the family. "In our village, herdsmen lived in thatched huts, which I once also lived in. Now, I live in two brick houses with a motorcycle in the yard and a TV in the house. Compared with the thatched hut life, life for me and my family has improved a lot and we are very satisfied. This should be attributed to great effort by China and CPEC to develop the local economy and alleviate poverty. The happiness of local people is worth more than any medal, " he said.
Mutlib's little dreams are coming true. Next, he wants to achieve a bigger dream. Mutlib said: "I want to visit China, the brotherly country, and I dream of maybe working in China in the future. This project which I participate in, is of great significance. Thar II Coal Mine project, as a priority project of BRI — 'CPEC Energy Plan', has opened a new situation of solving power shortage, which is of great significance to help Pakistan to overcome energy crisis, improve power structure and drive local economic development."
Zhang XiaoJun, Manager of Thar II project, CRCC, told Gwadar Pro: "The project, with a total investment of more than $2 billion, has an annual capacity of 3.8 million tons and will gradually expand to 21.5 million tons. For Pakistani employees who have never worked with mine construction vehicles, like Mutlib, we provide safety training for at least one month. Since the project was launched in April 2016, a large number of ordinary Pakistani people have joined us, and their lives have been greatly improved. During the five years of construction, we have trained more than 1,300 local employees, and many surrounding villagers like Mutlib have become the main force."
Source: China Economic Net
CPEC has brought a revolution: PM Imran Khan
NBP to participate in 2021 CIFTIS, Beijing
E-bus, a Pak-China coop model, to fuel a greener future
23 July, 2021 Friday 15:04 Economic
BYD China, the world's leading electric vehicle manufacturer, has joined hands with Pakistan's Sapphire Group for market development and manufacturing of electric vehicles in the country. The first electric bus was imported in Oct 2020 […]
Inland aquaculture a potential area for Pak-China cooperation
15 July, 2021 Thursday 09:59 Economic
"In Pakistan, fisheries is a big and emerging sector, especially inland fisheries," Dr.Saeed Murtaza Hasan Andravi, director of Animal Sciences Institute, NARC told Gwadar Pro. "As for marine fishery, nature has provided us with a […]
PM Imran Khan inaugurates first-ever Intercropping Research Center by Chinese and Pakistani universities
12 August, 2021 Thursday 16:54 Economic
Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan addressed Kissan Convention held in Bahawalpur yesterday, and inaugurated the Intercropping Research Center jointly established by Sichuan Agricultural University (SAU) and the Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), which is the […]
CPEC's Dhabeji SEZ project will add to country's prosperity: Sindh CM's aide
Bilawal urges govt to enhance security for CPEC projects
Pakistan can benefit from agricultural research in Ningxia: MNFSR economist
Pakistan traditional medicine building up its name through cooperation with China
发稿
Copyright © 2022 Economic News	沪ICP备16040503号-9


When you want to create a complex object and having one constructor with millions of parameters is not a good option (it NEVER is).
When you want to abstract the way an object is created by using different builders depending on the required task.
These are actually two very different needs. I will focus on the first type of builder, because the second kind of builder is very similar to an Factory.
I don't specify what is done in the initialization steps called by the Builder. This is the actual work that the Builder abstracts from the client. It can be a simple method call or a long set of operations, but to the client this is irrelevant.
Last week I read about something called the Wizard design pattern, which seems an improved version of the Builder pattern. I will dig into it and post about soon.


Welcome to the UK's best-kept secret county! An open expanse of inspiring landscape, where big open skies and wide vistas have stirred the creativity of Turner and Sir Walter Scott and as a northern heartland, evidence still stands of Romans, border reivers, spiritual worshippers and defenders of frontiers.
From Alnwick, at the geographic heart of this great county, you can daytrip as far as Edinburgh and Durham, or dawdle with ease inland up the Coquet valley to Rothbury and Cragside House. Going north, visit Wooler, or Ford and Etal to see the steam railway and working water mill.
The vast acres of Northumberland's renowned sandy coastline are all within easy reach. Alnmouth beach is 10 minutes' drive away - a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, swept with literally miles and miles of soft sandy beaches, and dotted with castles of intrigue, small ports, golf links and many splendid villages. All this is generally within 20 to 40 minutes' traffic-free drive.
Another half an hour and you are easily striking the famous frontier of the Roman Wall, the Scottish borders, and other great places around Northumberland including Wallington Hall, the Cheviots and the Pennine Way.
Or stay in town and let Alnwick be your place, with visits to the medieval castle, the more recent famous Gardens and giant tree house. Browse in Barter Books which is one of the UK's largest second hand bookshops housed in a fine old railway station. Visit the Market Square and various good food and coffee shops. The Bailiffgate Museum is worth a visit and is directly across from the house, or take the vintage bus tour around the town.
• Any beach, from Druridge via Alnmouth, northwards as far as Berwick (more than 30 miles of coast to choose from).
• Alnwick Gardens – younger ones will enjoy getting wet here!


I've been a TurboTax user for about as many years as I've had a computer at home. I've traditionally loved the great deal I got at the start of each year by purchasing a copy of TurboTax with a copy of the new year's version of Quicken. In the past, there has always been a good discount when you purchased both products in combination. This year, I have found reference to the $30 discount on Intuit's Rebate Site, but I haven't yet seen much rebate promotion for the combo.
It seems Intuit is no longer happy with keeping its low end users in this state of free upgrades. This year, they've chosen to alter the names and features of their Quicken product. Instead of the "Basic" version, which has had all the support I ever needed, they've downgraded the lowest version of Quicken to something called the "Starter Edition". I'm pretty sure the Starter Edition has most of the same features the basic edition had with the exception of the most important one: You can't import your existing data. That's right. The Starter Edition is only for new users. If you're an existing Quicken user, you're going to have to fork over another $30 and pay for the "Deluxe" version.
Here is how the costs break down. Let's say that you'd like a new 2008 version of Quicken and would like to file your Federal and State returns with TurboTax. There are a couple options with TurboTax because you can purchase the desktop version or choose to file with the web software. I'm only including the lower prices versions. If you need the higher priced versions, I assume you have enough assets to worry about that the marginal differences in prices aren't as concerning to you.
Don't trust me though. Check out the Quicken Comparision and the TurboTax Comparison right from Intuit. Since you'll have to pay an additional $30 to upgrade to the Deluxe version of Quicken this year, I'm suggesting sticking with Quicken 2007. I'm perfectly happy with my 2007 version.
As for TurboTax, you'll have to evaluate the Actual cost. To figure that out, you have to dig through Intuit's information to find out how much the filing fees are going to cost you. The TurboTax web products give you a free Federal filing which increases their value. You have to pay extra to download your state taxes (around $30) though. Filing fees are $17.95 for both Federal and State submissions except that the web versions include the federal filing fee.
For me, I've got a house and a few charitable contributions to deduct. The Deluxe line of Tax products usually fits that bill. Where I used to pay about $45 for the TurboTax product, $14.95 for federal filing and less for state ($8.95 I think), I'd get my taxes done and basically get a free Quicken upgrade ($30 toward the purchase price of a $30 product). Now, it looks like the best price is the Web Deluxe package and I'm not getting any new Quicken software.
If you do choose to upgrade Quicken, I believe you can get the $30 discount but you'll basically pay the $30 to get the Deluxe software since the Starter Edition won't cut it for you. You have to purchase the desktop version to get the discount too so instead of $78 for Deluxe Web you'll pay $81 for doing your taxes on the desktop. Now, add Quicken for $30 (subtracting the $30 combo discount) and it ends up costing you $111. You pay $42 more than you payed last year.
On a bright note, my state offers filing their tax form online for free. It's really a quite simple form too and I haven't felt that TurboTax offered a lot of help in that area in the past. I'm going to purchase the $30 Web Deluxe package and file my state taxes myself. Sheesh Intuit. Way to turn off your loyal customers.
 Don't forget to add in the filing fees.
Tags: Intuit, Quicken, tax software, taxes, TurboTax.


text:
No. 2 Simona Halep out of U.S. Open after third-round loss
No. 2 seed Simona Halep is out of U.S. Open after losing in the third round Friday to Mirjana Lucic-Baroni.
SI Wire
Halep lost 2-6, 6-7.
CiCi Bellis sees captivating run end
Lucic-Baroni, of Croatia, entered Friday ranked No. 119 in the world, while Halep is ranked No. 2.
Halep joins No. 4 seed Agnieszka Radwanska, No. 6 Angelique Kerber and No. 8 Ana Ivanovic as the highest-seeded women out of the U.S. Open.
Daily Bagel: No. 3 Wawrinka tells fan to 'shut up'
American Venus Williams, the No. 19 seed, also lost Friday. She was defeated by No. 13 Sara Errani of Italy.
- Molly Geary
Sabalenka Claims First Grand Slam Title With Aussie Open Win
Tommy Paul Is Finally Having the Tournament of His Life
Police Question Australian Open Fans for Displaying Russian Flag, per Report
The Injured Novak Djokovic Seems Unbeatable
Pegula Loses to Two-Time Australian Open Champ Azarenka


If you are a resident of Westwood, MA you've probably already heard of the Sharon Music Academy. You've listened to our students flute performance at your friend's home, school concert, public park or on local cable TV station. You've probably also read about our students' achievements and about our Academy in the Westwood Press, The Daily News Transcript, Wicked Local Westwood, Boston Globe or online. Or may be you had a chance to listen to our students playing or singing at New England Sports Academy in Westwood where Sharon Music Academy also offers music programs and lessons.


text:
module AsyncModel
  class Engine < ::Rails::Engine

    isolate_namespace AsyncModel

    config.generators do |g|
      g.test_framework :rspec, fixture: false
      g.fixture_replacement :factory_girl, dir: 'spec/factories'
      g.integration_tool :rspec
      g.assets false
      g.helper false
    end

    initializer "include AsyncModel into ActiveRecord" do |app|
      ActiveRecord::Base.send(:include, AsyncModel::Model)
    end

  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub