The question most central to developmental science is also the field's most elusive: How does human development work? In brief, how do new structures, patterns and levels of organization arise in human development? This question of how—targeting as it does the dynamics of development and the means by which development proceeds—is one that classic systems approaches to psychological development (such as Piaget's) began to address in the first decades of the 20th century. For much of the 20th century, however, developmental science routinely sidestepped dynamic questions, as the field grew increasingly reductionist in its orientation. Nonetheless, recent decades have witnessed a steady revival of emphasis on taking the question of dynamics seriously, yielding a focus on the embodied and embedded activity of individuals in time and context. This entails an understanding of how the real-time activities of people arise from the complex, dynamic relations of body, brain, and environment and of how these real-time activities yield developmental-time changes in people's psychological organization. It involves, in other words, a focus on self-organization and emergence, on nonlinearity and variability. The invited program for JPS 2018 will provide a survey of perspectives on how to think about and study the dynamics of development.
Paul van Geert (1950) holds a doctoral degree from the University of Ghent (Belgium) and is currently honorary professor of developmental psychology at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. He has had a pioneering role in the application of dynamic systems and complexity theory to a broad range of developmental areas, including early language development and second language acquisition; cognitive development; learning-teaching processes; and social development including social interaction and identity. His main aim is to better understand the general nature of developmental dynamics, i.e. nature of the mechanism(s) that drive and shape a developmental process in an individual, as the individual, given his or her biological properties and potentialities interacts with his or her actively explored environment. He has held visiting professorships at the Unversities of Torino (Italy), Paris V and Reims (France), Trondheim (Norway) and Harvard University (Mind-Brain-Education program) and has been a fellow at the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. Paul van Geert is also an artist painter who paints life-size free-standing portraits of people in his environment.
de Ruiter, N. M. P., van Geert, P. L. C., & Kunnen, E. S. (2017). Explaining the "How" of Self-Esteem Development: The Self-Organizing Self-Esteem Model. Review of General Psychology, 21(1), 49-68.
Karen E. Adolp is Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at New York University. She received a B.A. from Sarah Lawrence College and Ph.D. from Emory University, and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
Adolph leads the databrary.org project to enable open video data sharing, and maintains the datavyu.org computerized video coding tool. She is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association and Association for Psychological Science and Past-President of the International Congress on Infant Studies. She received a Cattell Sabbatical Award, the APF Fantz Memorial Award, the APA Boyd McCandless Award, the ICIS Young Investigator Award, FIRST and MERIT awards from NICHD, and five teaching awards from NYU. She chaired the NIH study section on Motor Function and Speech Rehabilitation and serves on the McDonnell Foundation advisory board and editorial boards of Developmental Psychobiology and Motor Learning and Development. Adolph's research on perceptual-motor learning and development has been continually funded by NIH and NSF since 1991. Her lab innovated head-mounted eye tracking in freely mobile infants, instrumented floors and video tracking to record infants' natural locomotor exploration, and psychophysical methods to index infants' perception of affordances. She has over 150 publications.
Adolph, K. E., Gilmore, R. O., & Kennedy, J. L. (2017). Video data and documentation will improve psychological science. Psychological Science Agenda, (/science/about /psa/2017/10/index.aspx).
Lee, D. K., Cole, W. G., Golenia, L., & Adolph, K. E. (2017). The cost of simplifying complex developmental phenomena: A new perspective on learning to walk. Developmental Science.
Kretch, K. S. & Adolph, K. E. (2017). The organization of exploratory behaviors in infant locomotor planning. Developmental Science, 20, 1-17.
Adolph, K. E., & Kretch, K. S. (2015). Gibson's theory of perceptual learning. In J. D. Wright (Ed.-in-chief), International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences, 2nd ed., Vol. 10 (pp. 127-134). Oxford: Elsevier.
Adolph, K. E. & Robinson, S. R. (2015). Motor development. In R. M. Lerner (Series Eds.) & L. Liben & U. Muller (Vol. Eds), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Vol. 2: Cognitive processes (7th ed.) New York: Wiley, pp. 114-157.
Adolph, K. E. & Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (2014). The costs and benefits of development: The transition from crawling to walking. Child Development Perspectives, 8, 187-192.
Ezequiel Di Paolo is a full-time Research Professor working at Ikerbasque, the Basque Science Foundation (San Sebastián, Spain). He has a background in physics and nuclear engineering and a DPhil in computer science and artificial intelligence from the University of Sussex (UK). He was Reader in Evolutionary and Adaptive Systems at the University of Sussex and remains a member of the Sussex Centre for Computational Neuroscience and Robotics (CCNR). His interdisciplinary work on the enactive approach to life, mind, and society integrates insights from cognitive science, phenomenology, philosophy of mind, and dynamical systems modelling. His recent research focus is on enactive theories of sensorimotor dynamics, the sense of agency, intersubjectivity, and language. Other research interests include dynamical systems, adaptive behaviour in natural and artificial systems, biological modelling, complexity, evolutionary robotics, and philosophy of science. He is the author of over 150 peer-reviewed publications, has been involved as principal investigator in several international research projects, and is an active member of the editorial board of various journals.
Di Paolo, E. A, Buhrmann, T., and Barandiaran, X. E. (2017). Sensorimotor life: An Enactive Proposal, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Di Paolo, E. A. (2016). Participatory object perception. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 23 (56), 228 – 258.
Di Paolo E. A., Barandiaran X.E., Beaton M., and Buhrmann T. (2014). Learning to perceive in the sensorimotor approach: Piaget's theory of equilibration interpreted dynamically. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 551.
Di Paolo, E. A. and De Jaegher, H. (2012). The interactive brain hypothesis, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6:163.
De Jaegher, H., Di Paolo, E. A., and Gallagher, S. (2010). Can social interaction constitute social cognition? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14 (10), 441 – 447.
Mark Bickhard is the Henry R. Luce Professor in Cognitive Robotics and the Philosophy of Knowledge at Lehigh University. He is affiliated with the Departments of Philosophy and Psychology, and is Director of the Institute for Interactivist Studies. His work ranges from process metaphysics and emergence to consciousness, cognition, language, and functional models of brain processes, to persons and social ontologies. Bickhard's work on cognition features a model of cognition as emergent in agent processes for interacting with the world. The model has strong implications for the nature of developmental processes. This work has generated an integrated organization of models encompassing The Whole Person, which is the tentative title of a book in preparation.
Bickhard, M. H. (2015). Toward a Model of Functional Brain Processes I: Central Nervous System Functional Micro-architecture. Axiomathes, 25(3), 217-238.
Bickhard, M. H. (2015). Toward a Model of Functional Brain Processes II: Central Nervous System Functional Macro-architecture. Axiomathes, 25(4), 377-407.
Bickhard, M. H. (2016). The Anticipatory Brain: Two Approaches. In V. C. Müller (Ed.) Fundamental Issues of Artificial Intelligence. (259-281). Switzerland: Springer.
Bickhard, M. H. (2016). Inter- and En- Activism: Some thoughts and comparisons. New Ideas in Psychology, 41, 23-32.
Kurt Fischer's dynamic skill theory has been one of the pioneering efforts to reformulate traditional static notions about developmental change in terms of an integrative, action-based dynamic perspective. Where others saw human psychological development in terms of uniform stages, isolated modular faculties and mechanistic computational routines, Fischer saw unified dynamic systems of living activity and offered a research-based theory to support it. In this symposium we review the origin and development of dynamic skill theory and present examples of its current applications and extensions.
Fischer's dynamic skill theory started off, arguably, as a neo-Piagetian theory of cognitive development. Fischer defined the concept of skill as a kind of contextualized control structure – the capacity to control action within particular contexts. One of Fischer's most important contributions – along with other neo-Piagetian scholars – was the formation of a developmental yardstick for making precise assessments of the structure of acting, thinking and feeling over time as they emerge in particular physical and social contexts. Dynamic skill theory itself underwent a series of extensions and transformations over time as it engaged the evolving issues of developmental science. These included extending the model of the analysis of social-cognitive changes; the representation of self; brain-behavior relations and psychological change processes. A second iteration occurred as the model embraced principles and methods related to dynamic systems theory. The model continued to be extended to analyzing the development of emotion; the analysis of culture in the organization of self and emotion; the development of affectively-charged relationships; and alternative trajectories in normative and non-normative development. Most recently, dynamic skill theory has provided a framework for integrative work in mind, brain and education. In this paper, I examine three major contributions of dynamic skill theory: (1) the integrative concept of skill or psychological structure; (2) the precise analysis of trajectories of skill development in different normative and non-normative domains and contexts; and (3) the coactive construction of skills in in relations between people.
Nira Granott. A Unified view of change in development.
This presentation focuses on uniting several theories about the process of change. In studies of two different unfamiliar problems, adults' collaborative problem solving was analyzed using Fischer's Dynamic skill theory. The same data sets are also analyzed using several other methods. Based on the results, a theoretical framework is proposed, interrelating Dynamic Skill Theory and several other theories and explanations of change (Siegler's wave theory, Goldin-Meadow's gesture-speech mismatch, Thelen & Smith's dynamic reorganization during instability and the effect of context, and others). Implications for understanding change in development and learning are discussed.
Saskia Kunnen. Dynamic Skill Theory and Identity Development.
Starting from Fischer's Skill Theory and Werner's orthogenetic principle, I will describe identity development as a process in which commitments become more complex and at the same time more flexible over time as a result of a continuous process of differentiation and hierarchical integration. This process is triggered by emotionally relevant experiences, i.e. situations that trigger excitement and new insights, and, especially after the period of adolescence and emerging adulthood, by conflicts and situations that cannot be handled in a satisfying way by means of the existing commitments. I will argue that in the identity exploration phase differentiation of ideas, wishes, dreams and desires takes place, while the formation of new commitments can be seen as resulting from hierarchical integration.
The fundamental quest of developmental science is to understand how moment-to-moment experiences of children relate to emergent and lasting structures of behavior. In this symposium, we present three methodological approaches to link real-time dynamic processes to normative and atypical developmental outcomes.
First, using state space grids Tom Hollenstein will review studies of real-time parent-child emotional dynamics that predict psychosocial well-being. These results will be framed within an emotion systems framework that construes these dynamics as indicative of emotion regulation and also emphasizes the importance of the interpersonal context for revealing individual differences in functioning.
Second, Anna Lichtwarck-Aschoff will examine longitudinal patterns of therapeutic change as a window into developmental processes. Using recurrence quantification analysis, she will show how a period of destabilization in parent-child dynamics is necessary for successful treatment change for children with behavior problems.
Finally, Mike Stoolmiller will examine the temporal contingencies within parent-child emotion dynamics using multivariate multilevel survival analysis. With this comprehensive approach, the probability of children's or parents' expression of one emotional state (e.g., anger) rather than competing states (e.g., sadness, fear, interest, affection) is used to differentiate those at greatest risk for developing psychopathology. Together, these three approaches provide a range of tools that are well-suited for directly testing long-standing theoretical predictions of the relations between behavioral dynamics in the moment and outcomes at the developmental-time scale.
Development is at its core an intraindividual phenomenon. However, the dominant approach in developmental research consists of taking a few repeated measurements from a large number of individuals, and determining the mean changes in this group. Even when research focuses on individual differences in developmental trajectories, the models are often static and describe deterministic developmental paths. This practice does not do justice to the complex nature of development, which tends to be characterized by large individual differences, and by dynamic relationships between developmental processes. As a result, interventions and policy changes based on such research may be missing the mark. In this symposium we discuss alternative methods to study development, with intraindividual variability, changes, and dynamics as its centerpiece.
Development can be defined as "the process in which someone grows or changes and becomes more advanced." There are two key elements to this definition: Development takes place within an individual, and occurs over time. Hence, to study development at its core, we need to measure a person repeatedly, and we need a statistical technique that uncovers the key features of the intraindividual process unfolding over time. In this presentation, I will explain why we cannot use shortcuts such as cross-sectional data (based on a single measurement), and why many conventional longitudinal approaches (based on a few repeated measurements) are falling short. Moreover, I will discuss how recent methodological innovations have opened up a new horizon of research opportunities, which allow us to truly focus on intraindividual variability, changes, and dynamics. I will end by discussing some of the major challenges that the field now needs to face.
In order to enhance our understanding of developmental dynamics we can apply an intraindividual perspective in which we focus on fluctuations in the shorter-term, termed variability. Intensive longitudinal data are well suited for this purpose. Taking an example from educational research, we observed adaptive educational processes characterised by stable (less variability), and maladaptive processes characterised by instable (more variability) learning experiences (e.g., task difficulty, competence evaluation and intrinsic motivation) from one learning situation to the next. We specified multilevel structural equation model of state, trait and individual differences in intraindividual variability constructs in a sample of 285 English primary school students' (Years 5 and 6) who completed the Learning Experience Questionnaire using handheld computers, on average 13.6 learning episodes during one week (SD = 4.6; Range = 5-29; nepisodes = 3,433). We defined mean squared successive differences (MSSD) for manifest indicators of the variability constructs. Overall, we find support for intraindividual variability as a construct in its own right, which has the potential to provide novel insight into students' learning processes.
The human cognitive system, and especially its development in the first years, is inconceivably complex. The rich intraindividual variation in complex developmental processes requires the study of development at the level of the individual. Yet, the intraindividual approach is all but easy in practical research. One major challenge is the collection of short interval times series of reliable data on development. We present an measurement approach to this problem based on an innovative online learning system which is now used by thousands of Dutch primary school children on a daily or weekly basis, providing a new window on cognitive development. We will introduce the origin of this new instrument, called Math Garden, explain its setup, and discuss its potential in studying developmental processes.
In 1968, a group of influential scientists — including Bruner, Inhelder, von Bertalanffy, Waddington, and Weiss — met in Alpbach to discuss how fundamental issues of science (including human science) could be reconsidered from the perspectives of process, dynamics, and interaction. We return to these concerns fifty years later with four historians who will reflect on the past as a way to see the future.
Jeremy Burman introduces the session by reflecting on the goals of the Alpbach meeting, taking advantage of archival documents from the Waddington archives. Harry Heft then considers the agenda of the Alpbach organizers, and shows that their concerns could be found even in the late 1890s in William James' critique of "automaton theory" and his move toward field-theoretical thinking, as well as the related anti-mechanistic debates between Loeb and Jennings. Brady Wagoner, similarly, examines the interests and influence of Frederic Bartlett: schemas of memory were always more flexible than has been assumed, and Inhelder showed this in her experiments with Piaget. ("Memory and Intelligence" was published the same year as the Alpbach meeting, which itself included memory as a theme.) Marc Ratcliff shares archival documents discovered at the Piaget Villa showing that much of the Alpbach agenda was anticipated by Piaget, who had attempted to organize a similar meeting in Geneva — for 1965 — that would have brought many of the same attendees together to discuss similar issues (although in explicit connection to Genetic Epistemology). But that meeting never took place. Instead, Piaget returned "to [his] first loves as a biologist" alone, without the high-level interdisciplinary interactions that characterized many of his other theoretical projects. Burman then concludes the session with some discussion of the presented papers, and especially of the role history can play in advancing contemporary science.
The Jean Piaget Society Conference Meeting is held annually, usually in North America, but every now and then on other continents. In 2007 we had a very successful conference in Amsterdam in Krasnapolsky. See below. We are very happy to return to Amsterdam in 2018 in CASA.


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Widespread monsoon flooding occurred in the South Asian countries of Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan from July through September 2017. By 30 August, more than 41 million people were known to be affected by the floods, a figure that increased by 10% over the following three days, topping 45 million by 2 September. According to UNICEF, that figure includes 16 million children.
About 2,000 people, on average, have died due to deadly flooding in South Asia each year during the previous two decades, according to The New York Times' reading of the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (EM-DAT) disaster database.
Monsoons hit South Asia every year between June and September, but the 2017 monsoon season has been far worse than average, bringing flooding, and associated landslides, of a scale unseen in recent years. Experts have called these the worst South Asian floods in decades, with long-term food supplies in question due to ruined farmland. As of 2 September, 1,288 people have been confirmed killed, and more than 45 million affected. The estimated number of people affected increased from 24 million to 41 million during the last week of August 2017.
The International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCD) and others have asserted that these floods have been exacerbated by climate change.
As of 1 September, flooding that the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies called the worst in four decades covered approximately one-third of Bangladesh, primarily in the northern, north-eastern, and central parts of the country. At the height of the storms on 11 August, a week of regular monsoon rain fell in the span of a few hours. More rain and flooding was expected, including in Dhaka, the country's capital. Over six million have been affected, according to UNICEF, with estimates ranging as high as 8.5 million. Property losses included nearly 700,000 damaged or destroyed homes, 4,680,000 hectares (11,600,000 acres) of farmland inundated, and thousands of miles of damaged roads. The sheer amount of destroyed farmland, coming during the regular time of rice cultivation, has sparked fears of a food crisis in the country.
Around 140 deaths from the floods were reported. Over fifty thousand people have been displaced, adding to nearly thirty thousand refugees fleeing the 2016–17 Northern Rakhine State clashes.
Flooding in India has been primarily confined to the northern portion of the country, including Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh. In the latter two, over 500 and over a hundred have died (respectively). By mid-August, flooding had affected over 31 million people, and damaged or destroyed over 800,000 houses. Over 85% of Kaziranga National Park was flooded. Government officials were criticized for not placing more preventative measures before these floods hit. In Bihar, for example, Reuters reported that there was anger at the number of embankments and roads which were designed with few to no provisions for water drainage. In Gujarat state, the floods and rains were reported to have caused 224 deaths in June and July months.
Mumbai faces severe problems each year during the monsoon season because of its loose building restrictions and large homeless population, but this year's season saw the city receive more rainfall and worse flooding than the Maharashtra floods of 2005. One hospital was flooded, and the city's public transportation was forced to shut down. The weather also caused a century-old multi-story building to collapse, killing at least 33. On 29 August 2017, Mumbai was again witness to floods due to a confluence of torrential rains and high tide, resulting in 298 mm of rainfall in a period of 9 hours. 5 people are reported to have lost their lives in Mumbai due to the deluge which saw the highest rainfall in a single day in August since 1997.
For the third consecutive year, monsoon season has been marked by flooding in the northwest and northeast regions, while drought in India worsens along the southern peninsula. According to an Indo-Asian News Service release issued in September, these "rainfall extremes have increased threefold over the last few years and now extend over all of central India -- from Gujarat to Odisha."
As of 24 August 143 people have been killed in Nepal; 1.7 million have been affected by them, and around 461,000 have been forced out of their residences. Over 34,000 homes were flooded, destroying 1,000. Parts of the Mahendra Highway, the most important east-west connection in the country, were washed away, and agricultural experts predicted that the country's rice production would be adversely affected. The runway of Biratnagar Airport was flooded and the airport was forced to close on 15 August.
Experts stated that the flooding was the worst seen by Nepal in several years; about one-third of the country was flooded, much of it in the poorest areas of the country.
Monsoon rains caused urban flooding in Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan. At least 23 people, including seven children, died after Karachi received up to 130 millimetres (5.1 in) of rainfall on 31 August. Most of the victims died from being electrocuted, with others being killed by partial building collapses or drowning. Two more died in Kashmore and Jamshoro districts of Sindh.
The flooding followed a little more than a week after 41 millimetres (1.6 in) of rain fell on Karachi on 21–22 August. There, 19 people died in rain-related incidents—including electrocution, falling billboards, and roof collapse, according to the Edhi and Chhipa rescue services.
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^ Raj, Suhasini; Gettleman, Jeffrey (7 September 2017). "They Thought the Monsoons Were Calm. Then Came the Deadly Floods". The New York Times.
^ "South Asia floods: What's happening? – CBBC Newsround". BBC News. 2 September 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ Reuters. "UN: Bangladesh Risks 'Devastating' Hunger after Major Floods". VOA. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
^ "Deadly South Asia floods affect 16m people". BBC News. 18 August 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
^ a b c d Gettleman, Jeffrey (29 August 2017). "More Than 1,000 Died in South Asia Floods This Summer". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ Leister, Eric (23 August 2017). "24 million people impacted by monsoon flooding in India, Nepal and Bangladesh". AccuWeather.com. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
^ Ahmed, Farid. "South Asia Struggles to Contain Flood Damage". The Wire. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
^ Watts, Jonathan (31 August 2017). "In an era of dire climate records the US and South Asia floods won't be the last". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ a b c d e Steve, George (1 September 2017). "A third of Bangladesh under water as flood devastation widens". CNN. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ a b "Bangladesh Humanitarian Situation Report (Monsoon Floods)". UNICEF. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ Wright, Rebecca; McKirdy, Euan (31 August 2017). "Bodies of 20 Rohingya Muslims pulled from river on Bangladesh border". CNN. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ "At Least 950 Killed in South Asia's Annual Monsoon Floods". The New York Times. Associated Press. 24 August 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ "Flood Situation Improves In Bihar, Number Of Dead At 514". NDTV.com. 28 August 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ "Uttar Pradesh's Flood Woes Continue; Toll Touches 104". NDTV.com. 31 August 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ Kalita, Prabin; Mitra, Naresh (14 August 2017). "Worst flood in 29 years hits Assam". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
^ Rupam, Tommy; Wilkes, Jain (1 September 2017). "Worst floods to hit South Asia in decade expose lack of monsoon planning". Reuters. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ "અતિવૃષ્ટિનો કેર: ગુજરાતમાં ૨૨૪નાં મૃત્યુ, બનાસકાંઠામાં સૌથી વધુ ૬૧" [Flood terror: 224 died in Gujarat, highest in Banaskantha at 61]. Gujarat Samachar (in Gujarati) (Ahmedabad ed.). 2 August 2017. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
^ a b "Death toll from Mumbai building collapse rises to 33". Al Jazeera. Associated Press. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ Dhillon, Amrit; Carr, Carlin (1 September 2017). "'Not a single thing was dry': Mumbai's residents count the cost of floods". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ "Mumbai flooding causes transport chaos". BBC News. 29 August 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ Dhillon, Amrit (31 August 2017). "South Asia floods: Mumbai building collapses as monsoon rains wreak havoc". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ "Record breaking Mumbai Rains of 298 mm in 9 hours; reminder of 2005 deluge | Skymet Weather Services". www.skymetweather.com. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
^ "Five Dead As Mumbai Records Highest Rainfall In A Single Day In August Since 1997". Huffington Post India. 29 August 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
^ Indo-Asian News Service (IANS): "What's causing so many changes to India's Monsoons?" by Raghu Murtugudde, 3 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ NDTV.com"Why India's Monsoons are changing rapidly" by Raghu Murtugudde, New Delhi Television, 3 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
^ "Nepal: Flood 2017 – Office of the Resident Coordinator Situation Report No. 5 (as of 24 August 2017)". ReliefWeb. OCHA. 24 August 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ "UNICEF Nepal Humanitarian Situation Report 6, 26 August 2017". ReliefWeb. OCHA. 26 August 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ Mandal, Chandan Kumar (14 August 2017). "Floods claim 57 lives across country". Kathmandu Post. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
^ "Biratnagar Airport shut down". The Himalayan Times. 15 August 2017. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
^ "Floods kill almost 1,000 in India, Nepal and Bangladesh". Al Jazeera. 23 August 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
^ Imtiaz Ali, Hanif Samoon, Asim Khan (31 August 2017). "23 killed as monsoon rains lash Karachi". Dawn. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ "Seven children among 23 killed as downpour cripples life in Karachi". Dawn. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
^ "19 die as rain wreaks havoc on Karachi". Dawn. 23 August 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
This page was last edited on 8 March 2019, at 05:01 (UTC).


You can take the girl out of the mountains, kicking and screaming, but you can't take the mountains out of the girl.
I learned to drive in Pennsylvania's mild Pocono Mountains, where I called 911 to report the state snowplow I'd just passed stuck in a blizzard. I moved to Vermont, where I studied in college,when I wasn't skiing or having other mountain fun. Finals were a breeze compared to learning to drive a stick shift in Burlington, VT. I moved to Colorado, at 8,000′, completed my Master's, and, depending on I-70 traffic, drove west to the Continental Divide for alpine, or south for Nordic (cross-country) skiing. I checked on the driver of a snowplow who flipped, yes, flipped, his snowplow in Conifer, CO. Really.
We stopped to help a driver whose precariously balancing car teetered on the guard rail of Berthoud Pass. I've avoided rockslides and avalanches near Georgetown, CO, and made a dorky (according to Hunk) survival kit for my car. I drove Oh My God Road (which SO lives up to its name) in the snow. When Hunk had to head through a snowstorm to Aspen for business, he asked me to make a survival kit for him. Haha.
Most recently, I lived in Northern California, hiking, skiing, and snowboarding the Sierra Nevada. I crossed the country by car, in all kinds of weather, over the Sierra and Rockies, six times in the past two years, once in my convertible in a blizzard (car top closed). I've made a few observations about driving in ice and snow. Even though I am currently writing from just north of DC, I hope you find these tips credible, and helpful!
4WD helps you go, but it does not help you STOP.
Cleaning your windshield of snow is just the beginning. I clear my headlights of snow, and turn them on in bad weather. I also appreciate when other drivers clean the snow from their cars' roofs, and side and rear windows, so they can see me and not splat my windshield with snow. Seeing is good when you drive.
Road spray uses up your windshield wiper fluid. Keep some in the car for winter travel. That same dirty film covers your headlights, but worse, since they're closer to the road. I clean them, too. Otherwise, I'm left thinking my alternator is failing because my lights are so dim.
Same rules apply for driving as skiing and boarding. Plan ahead for icy spots. Slow before you hit them. Don't try sudden turns mid-ice.
Underpasses, bridges and even culverts allow colder air to circulate under that part of the road, enabling black ice to form on roads. Anticipate that possibility when the temperature gets near freezing, even if it's just raining.
Where gravel is used for ice and snow, remember that it adds its own degree of marbles-on-the-road when trying to stop.
I never assume that the other driver can stop, even if I have the right of way. In bad weather, I always assume the car traveling downhill has the right-of-way at intersections. Likewise for people traveling fast in 4WD vehicles. See #1.
That dorky homemade Girl Scout survival kit in my car? A flashlight, mylar blanket, pocket poncho, waterproof matches or a lighter, tissues, canned camp candle, some hard candies, protein bars, XL plastic trash bag (can double as rain poncho), a couple of small ziplocs that can be used for water or anything else. The small items I store in a metal cup, which I could heat over flame. I always have some water with me, regardless of weather. In winter I add a shovel, scraper and sleeping bag. In a pinch, your credit card or similar card can double as an ice-scraper for your windshield.
If you do get stuck in deep snow, #8 comes in handy, but also remember that your tailpipe exhausts carbon dioxide when the engine is running. Balance staying warm with being safe – you may need to clear the tailpipe area, but try not to get wet – more danger of hypothermia when wet.
And one more on being safe: if you need to pull off the road, please remember that other drivers in snow and ice may skid or simply not see you. Standing outside your car on an icy roadside? Nope.
More next time. Until then, have fun in the snow, and be safe out there!


text:
There are 2 entries for this date: Thomas Chatterton and Edwin Hubble
On this date in 1752, poet Thomas Chatterton was born in Bristol, England. His father died 15 weeks after he was born. He was educated at a Dickensian charity school that taught only reading, writing, arithmetic and the cathechism. A precocious student, he was writing mature verse by age 11. Chatterton soon conceived the character of Thomas Rowley, an imaginary monk of the 15th century, and adopted the pseudonym. He sent these "Rowley poems" to Sir Horace Walpole, looking for a mentor. Walpole was initially impressed, then cut off Chatterton when he realized they were bogus.
He became unhappily indentured to an attorney, escaped the indenture and moved to London at age 17 to write. While he sold some of his works, he became a literal "starving artist." Malnourished and despondent, he committed suicide at 17 years, 9 months by drinking arsenic in a glass of water.
He became somewhat of a literary hero after his death and was deemed the first Romantic poet in the English language by Romantic and Pre-Raphaelite poets. Keats and Coleridge each wrote a poem about him. D. 1770.
Photo: "Chatterton's Holiday Afternoon," 1872 engraving by William Ridgway.
"Heaven send you the comforts of Christianity! I request them not, for I am no Christian."
—Chatterton letter to George Catcott, Aug. 12, 1770, "The Works of Thomas Chatterton, Vol. I" (1803)
Edwin Hubble
On this date in 1889, astronomer Edwin Powell Hubble was born in Marshfield, Mo. Hubble, one of the most influential astronomers in history, is credited with establishing the fields of observational cosmology and extragalactic astronomy. A gifted athlete, he played basketball for the University of Chicago as an undergraduate before studying for a master's at The Queen's College-Oxford as one of the first Rhodes Scholars. In 1917 he received his Ph.D. in astronomy from the University of Chicago.
After serving in the Army in World War I, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel, Hubble joined the staff of the Carnegie Institution for Science's Mount Wilson Observatory in California, where he worked with the Hooker and then the Hale telescopes, both of which were the largest optical telescopes in the world on the dates of their respective completions.
Chief among Hubble's discoveries are a standard classification system for galaxies and the calculation for determining the rate at which the universe is expanding, known as Hubble's Law. In 1990 NASA launched the Hubble Space Telescope into Earth orbit. It has provided scientists with hundreds of thousands of images of the universe, leading to discoveries relating to the age of the universe, the life cycle of galaxies and stars within them and the role of dark energy in the expansion of the universe. The telescope is operating as of 2019 and could be operational as long as 2040. Its successor is the James Webb Space Telescope scheduled for a March 2021 launch.
Hubble struggled with religion, having been raised Christian but expressing uncertainty about the existence of God throughout his life. Several biographical accounts attest to his agnosticism. Hubble married Grace (Burke) Leib in 1924. He had a heart attack in 1949 but continued to work on a modified schedule. He died of cerebral thrombosis in 1953 in San Marino, Calif. No funeral was held and his wife never revealed his burial site, if any.
Hubble in 1931; public domain photo by Johan Hagemeyer.
"The whole thing is so much bigger than I am, and I can't understand it. Not until the empirical resources are exhausted, need we pass on to the dreamy realms of speculation. ... I am an observer, not a theoretical man."
—Hubble, when asked about his religious beliefs, "Hubble Time" by Tom Bezzi (1987)
Compiled by Paul Epland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Q: induction for finite cases from 1 to n. How is this possible? hi guys I have a question.

SECOND PROOF. We will repeat the argument, but without the trees.
Consider an arbitrary wff α. It is the last member of some construction sequence ε1,...,εn
. By ordinary strong numerical induction on the number i, we see that each εi ∈ S, i ≤ n.
That is, we suppose, as our inductive hypothesis, that ε j ∈ S
for all j < i. We then verify that εi ∈ S, by considering the
various cases. So by strong induction on i, it follows that εi ∈ S
for each i ≤ n. In particular, the last member α belongs to S.

this is the example from the book mathematical introduction to logic by herbert enderton.
Usually, the case of using induction or strong induction is to prove the property P for all natural numbers. But this example uses induction for finite cases from 1 to n. How is this possible?

A: To do induction for a finite number of $n$ cases make your Property statement be:  P(k) is "If $k\le n$ than $Q(k)$"
Then when you do induction proof you will have proven that for all natural numbers $m$, that  if $m \le n$ then $Q(m)$.  The thing is that as $m\le n$ for only $0,....m$ we don't have to worry about the rest.
And if you are worried about how "If $k \le n$" will effect your induction step, well, don't worry.  This is what happens:
Induction step:  Assume $P(k)$ that is assume if $k \le n$ then $Q(k)$.  We need to prove that if $k+1 \le n$ then $Q(k)$.  If $k+1 > n$ then we are done and have nothing to prove.  And if $k+1\le n$ we .... do our induction step just like normal.
That condition doesn't hurt us in any way.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We all appreciate having good broadband Internet connectivity & often overlook some of the basic technical details that ensure optimum performance, the truth of the matter is that in most cases we don't have to because things generally just work.
So what do we need to consider as consumers when things don't work the way they should, no connection, an intermittent connection or a very slow speed connection. This article will focus on the principle points that revolve around standard (ADSL) broadband connectivity and performance, however some consideration will be given to fast (FTTC / fibre Infinity) broadband connectivity.
Understanding the main factors that we can control or comment on, will help when it comes to getting the best out of our broadband services and or a speedy repair from our service providers.
In the case of standard (ADSL) type broadband services, which arrives at our properties on the same pair of wires as our telephone service all the way from the exchange. We are able to carry out some basic tests with very little effort. Because the broadband service uses the same wires routed from the telephone exchange, the first set of tests should be with the telephone service itself. Dial tone should be present & it should be possible to make & receive clear voice quality calls. Crackling or interference on the line will in almost all cases cause broadband performance issues, this will need to be dealt with first.
The key is to identify the source of the interference, generally this would be defined as either supplier network or consumer side. In both cases wiring and equipment will need to be addressed, for the consumer / customer side all equipment & wiring that are attached after the official demarcation point recognised by our service suppliers will need to be correctly configured and in good working order. Micro-filters do go faulty so it would be advisable to ensure that this is not the source cause of the fault.
Most service providers consider an NTE5 master telephone socket to be the official demarcation point for a properties telephone line based services, as such many of there troubleshooting guide lines & call centre based support will focus on testing procedures requiring that you have an NTE5 master telephone socket installed. One of the main reasons for this is that with one installed it becomes relatively easy to clearly identify the origin of a fault, i.e. supplier side or customer side. This is achieved via the physical make up of an NTE5 in the form of an easily detachable plate for customer owned wiring to be connected, on removal of the plate a supplier side test socket is revealed.
Officially as a paying customers all we need to consider is either we do or do not have full service at the test socket. There are however a few other points that make it worth understanding a little bit more about the immediate service side. In the UK almost all of the network infrastructure beyond the demarcation point is owned and maintained by BT Openreach, in the event of damage or mis-configuration not caused by the BT Openreach supply network BT Openreach will charge for any required / requested repair work. It is especially worth noting, if you are in the process of having building work carried out or any other work such as tree or shrub pruning. In the event that your builder, electrician, handyman, gardener etc. makes connections or damages the network supply side, faults may not become apparent until you try to use your service. On inspecting your local set up you may not notice or be aware of any issues, however if a BT Openreach engineer is called out and identifies incorrect wiring you would most likely be charged for the call out and any time spent on corrective wiring to resolve your issues.
Any equipment connected to the line such as filters, telephones, fax machines, answer machines, sky boxes, alarm systems, loud bell ringers, modems.
You may need to remove or swap items of equipment in order to rule them out of the equation. In addition to this process you may have some simple automated line testing facilities available to you such as the 17070 facility, this may allow you to do a quiet line test. This should really be carried out in the test socket, on following the automated instructions you will be clearly able to decide if the line is suffering from interference.
Signs of physical damage, you may also need to consider places where cables are directly under foot traffic or under other forms of physical pressure.
Look at any cable that may run on the out side of your property, that form part of your customer owned wiring. It is very common to find that internal grade cable has been used, this becomes clearly obvious when the cable jacket becomes brittle and starts to crack.
Where possible check for good quality connections at all junctions including the actual sockets where equipment can be plugged in.
Check that the service supply side wiring has not been tapped into prior to the demarcation point of the NTE5 master telephone socket extension faceplate, this could be indicated by more than one cable coming from a supply side junction box on the service side of your supply.
Where possible look at the type of connections used at any outside junction or any internal area that may suffer from high levels of moisture. Moisture or water proof connections should be used instead of screw terminals.
Ensure that you only have one master socket on your line, having more that one socket with master components in will cause performance issues over time.
Where IDC (insulation displacements connector) terminals are used ensure that no more than two wire are placed at each terminal point. This is a design specification of this type of terminal to minimise connection related failures.
In cased of BT infinity type services, where there has not been an engineer visit for the installation, look at your internal configuration. If it is not like the diagram below you may benefit from contacting an independent broadband / telephone engineer to make the required changes. Using the correct equipment & configuration on this type of broadband service can mean the difference of tens of megabits per second.
Point A should be routed to an NTE5 master socket, that has a special faceplate fitted. The router / modem should be plugged into the top socket & if required all extensions should be run from the lower detachable half of the front faceplate. The special faceplate also functions as a central filter, this will have a positive effect on the overall performance of your broadband service & negate the requirement of filters at any extension socket points. This configuration is also backward compatible with standard ADSL type broadband and will provide worth while stability / performance benefits.
The above points do not take into account the computers used to connect to the internet as such it is important that you are sure there are no issues present that may effect your broadband activities. Ensuring that all equipment is correctly configured & free from viruses is your responsibility and can generally be done at a very low cost.
Points to note, if only one of your services is working, i.e. broadband with no dial tone or dial tone with no broadband, it is very important that you mention this when you contact your independent telephone & broadband engineer or service provider. As this is a clear indication that all or part of the physical line from the exchange to your property is intact, this will have implications on the actions required to repair your service fault. In the event that you wish to change service providers, it really will be best to resolve any supply side line faults first as this line will automatically be used by your new service provider.


One option to collect metering data, as a complement or an alternative to collecting bills, is to get households to read their own meters. This could be for electricity, gas or water.
You would have to get households to take readings before the intervention, and following the intervention. The timing of follow up readings should be guided by the type of behaviour that the project seeks to change.
One-off behaviours that are likely to lead to immediate and significant changes in resource consumption (eg. replacing electric hot water systems with solar hot water or gas hot water; installation of grey-water treatment system) can be monitored and evaluated by follow-up readings shortly after the intervention takes place. Repetitive behaviours that also lead significant changes in resource consumption, and that are not seasonally dependent, could also be monitored by follow-up readings after the intervention (eg. installation of low-flow shower heads and shorter showers).
Repetitive behaviours (eg. adjusting thermostat settings) and one-off changes (eg. installing insulation) that are seasonally dependent would ideally require follow-up readings to be taken twelve months apart so that seasonal differences in energy use do not confound the results. Even then, you may want to obtain seasonal weather information from the Bureau of Meteorology to see if there are any significant differences in between similar seasons (eg. heatwaves that lead to increase need for cooling) which may subsequently require you to make adjustments to your results.
There are some constraints in having participants reading meters. It may be hard to get participants to collect the data, as well as getting them to collect accurate data (depending on the type of meter). There may also be some self-reporting bias.
Readings can be entered into a table similar to the one below to calculate the daily average consumption. Readings should ideally be taken at least 7 days apart to average out any above or below average daily consumption.
A home's electricity meter is usually found in a box on an outside wall at the front or down the side of a house. Instructions on how to read electricity meters can usually be found on electricity retailers' websites.
For example, visit the Origin Energy How to Read Your Meter site.
Readings can be entered into the table provided previously. For example, reading 1 is 04508 and Reading 2 is 04980 and the readings were taken 21 days apart. The difference between the two readings is 472kW hours. This figure, divided by 21 days, equals around 22.5 kW hours per day.
The gas meter is often located on the ground below the electricity meter or near the front of the house. If the gas meter only shows numbers, the black and white numbers show the reading and any red numbers can be ignored.
Instructions on how to read gas meters can usually be found on gas retailers' websites. For example, visit the Origin Energy How to Read Your Meter site.
Take two gas readings at least one week (7 Days) apart and record details in the template box provided previously.
The water meter is usually located on the ground somewhere in a home's front garden.
Instructions on how to read water meters can usually be found on water retailers' websites. For example, visit the Yarra Valley Water website.
Two readings should be taken at least one week (7 Days) apart and recorded in the template box provided previously.
Please make a donation to upgrade the Evaluation Toolbox.
The Evaluation Toolbox is maintained by Damien Sweeney and Martin Pritchard from PREA as their in-kind contribution back to the community. The Toolbox now needs several weeks of work to review and upgrade all the contents and add new content for you. Work has begun and we are seeking your donation (big or small) to help support this major upgrade. Email us to indicate what you want to be included in the Toolbox.
The toolbox aims to provide a one-stop-site for the evaluation of community sustainability engagement projects that aim to change household behaviours. Through the toolbox you can learn how to conduct your own evaluation of a behaviour change project using the guides and templates provided.
Conducting an evaluation is considered good practice in managing a project.
The monitoring phase of project evaluation allows us to track progress and identify issues early during implementation, thus providing and opportunity to take corrective action or make proactive improvements as required.
Copyright Evaluation Toolbox 2010 All Rights Reserved.


I am interested in comparing attitudes towards immigration in the United States and in Europe. The immigrant group that stimulates the most controversy in the United States are those from Mexico and South America, in Europe it seems to be Muslim populations from various North African and Mid-Eastern locations, at least that is what we hear about in America. It is hard to know whether the degree of conflict described in our media is accurate.


text:
Tokyo Mirage Sessions #FE Encore Japanese Website Updated With Censored Screenshot
October 12, 2019 October 12, 2019 OAG Staff
Atlus and Nintendo's re-release of Tokyo Mirage Sessions: #FE Encore was already on shaky ground when gamers discovered that the Nintendo Direct video for both the English and Japanese version of the game were based on the censored Western release of Tokyo Mirage Sessions: #FE on the Wii U. Now, it appears as if further confirmation has made it known that the Japanese version of the game will likely be based on the censored Western version of the game.
Censored Gaming did a quick two minute video about the censorship, which involves the official Japanese website replacing one of the original images from the game that was based on the uncensored version of Tokyo Mirage Sessions, with a censored version of the image. They explain the discrepancy between the screenshots in the video below.
You can actually see the differences for yourself by comparing the archived web link of the old version of the Japanese website with the most recently updated version of the Japanese website.
If you're still unsure as to what you're looking for, you can see the comparison below.
As pointed out by JPUncut, the top image is based on the altered attire that was featured in the Western version of Tokyo Mirage Sessions #FE for the Nintendo Switch, which added additional padding around the cleavage area and also removed the pelvic bones so there was no shading highlighting the indentation of the abdominal obliques.
JPUncut suspects that this means the re-release of Tokyo Mirage Sessions #FE both in the U.S., and Japan will likely be based on the censored Western release of the game.
The japanese website for the upcoming Switch-Remake for Tokyo Mirage Sessions ♯FE changed the "uncensored" japanese Outfit to the censored western vers.
This implies that most likely the Remake will be based on the NA release and not the japanese release pic.twitter.com/Q7WLXVfvLg
— JPUncut (@JpUncut) October 12, 2019
Some people were holding out hope that perhaps the Japanese version of the game would be uncensored, since the website initially featured the uncensored attire from the Japanese version of the Wii U release, but now that the website has been updated with the censored version of the attire, it's likely safe to say that the rest of the game will be censored, too, especially since we already know the villains have been censored.
As noted in the Censored Gaming video, this means that even if you get the Japanese version of Tokyo Mirage Sessions #FE Encore, and attempt to play the game with the English subtitle options, you would still end up with a censored version of the game. The only way to experience the true version of the game, in all its uncensored glory, is to get the fan-translated version with the uncensored patch for emulated version or for use on a modded Wii U.
(Thanks for the news tip Narmy, Animatic and Mantorok's Branded)
Posted in News, Nintendo Switch, Screenshots, Videos, Wii UTagged Atlus, Censorship, JRPG, Nintendo, Nintendo Switch, Tokyo Mirage Sessions #FE
Payday 3 Gets 2022 – 2023 Release Window, According To Starbreeze
Moons of Madness Releases January 21st 2020


This tax calculator is available free of charge to download and contains calculation formulae for the 2016 to 2018 tax years.
The calculation formulae have been conveniently captured in a spreadsheet format which is unprotected, so as to give you maximum flexibility in checking and assessing your tax position.
The calculator automatically includes the low income tax offset, and can optionally include medicare levies. There is also a scratch pad area where you can play with offset values (rebates), enter tax credits and see the outcomes on a weekly/monthly/ annual pre-and post tax basis.
Note: For the accurate calculations of employee tax withholding (PAYG) obligations, slightly different formulae are used, and there is a specific calculator for that here.
Use of the spreadsheet requires MS Excel Windows versions.
To obtain the download simply email the words "tax calculator" to atotaxrates(at)fastmail.com. You will be immediately emailed a download link.


In the first quarter (January to March) 2010, SHCs reported 21 035 clinic visits. A total of 1171 cases of chlamydia, 210 cases of gonorrhoea, 208 cases of genital herpes, 729 cases of genital warts, 38 cases of syphilis and 164 cases of NSU (males only) were reported in this quarter. No cases of chancroid, GI or LGV were reported in this quarter.
In the first quarter (January to March) 2010, FPCs reported 44 506 clinic visits. A total of 822 cases of chlamydia, 51 cases of gonorrhoea, 52 cases of genital herpes, 100 cases of genital warts, one case of syphilis and one case of NSU (males only) were reported in this quarter. No cases of chancroid, GI or LGV were reported in this quarter.
In the first quarter (January to March) 2010, SYHCs reported 53 704 clinic visits. A total of 192 cases of chlamydia, 7 cases of gonorrhoea, 14 cases of genital herpes, 44 cases of genital warts, and four cases of NSU (males only) were reported in this quarter. No cases of syphilis, chancroid, GI or LGV were reported in this quarter.


For four hours last night I tried to file my taxes electronically using Intuit's TurboTax online service. The service was down and it was impossible to submit. Their error message actually told us they were experiencing too much traffic, and that we should try coming back on April 17 and try again between 4am and 4pm. Being that it was already 8pm that might have been a tad difficult. I haven't quite mastered my time travel.
I've filed electronically through TurboTax for several years, and being an IT person perhaps I place more faith in these systems being properly engineered than I should. Actually, I should know better. BUT, you don't expect a service the size of Intuit to have underestimated the potential load on their servers. Actually, they should know exactly the load to expect. It's not like they are a start-up trying to refine their software and experiencing unexpected surges in traffic. So, this is not the sort of massive failure that should be tolerated.
The Mountain View-based company contacted the IRS to alert the agency to the backlog, Pforzheimer said. While stopping short of promising that filers whose returns fail to reach the government before the deadline would not be penalized, he said, "it's fair to say the IRS understands what the situation is" and would have a statement about the situation Wednesday.
"Don't wait until the last minute is the moral of the story," he said.
You have got to me kidding me! Let me speculate that Mr Pforzheimer will not survive in his current position for much longer. I would suggest that perhaps he should have taken Yehuda Berlinger's advice on how to issue a proper apology, and in this instance he should be talking specifically about what they will be doing to make amends to affected customers. Here's some free advice for Mr. Pforzheimer, WHEN YOU SCREW UP DO NOT TRY TO PLACE THE BLAME ON THE PEOPLE YOU HAVE HARMED!
I ended up giving up on Intuit and paid my taxes using Offical Payments. It worked nicely, but cost me an additional $104. Did I mention that Intuit charged me twice for filing even though it never actually worked? I'll be looking for my refund check from Intuit, and for another service to use next year.


text:
Tetiana USTYMENKO,
S.J.D., professor,
Department of Civil Law and Procedure
National Academy of Internal Affairs
It is a generally acknowledged fact that in 2014, the Russian Federation occupied the Ukrainian territories, namely the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol.
Subsequently, in order to determine the status of the temporarily occupied territory, the Law of Ukraine On Ensuring the Rights and Freedoms of Citizens and the Legal Regime in the Occupied Territory of Ukraine (hereinafter — the Law on Occupation) established a special legal regime for that area. The special regime defined the new scope and specifics of the activity of local self-government and state bodies, enterprises, institutions and organizations and compliance and protection of human and citizen's rights and rights and freedoms of legal entities.
Paragraph 1 of Article 1 of the Law on Occupation specifies that a temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine (hereinafter — temporarily occupied territory) is an integral part of the territory of Ukraine where the Constitution and laws of Ukraine apply in full. The official date of the beginning of the temporary occupation is February 20, 2014. In addition, Article 3 (1) of the Law on Occupation stipulates that for the purposes of this Law, a temporarily occupied territory is defined as:
land area of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol and Ukrainian inland waters in these areas
inland sea waters and territorial sea of Ukraine around the Crimean peninsula, as well as the territory of the exclusive (marine) economic zone of Ukraine along the coast of the Crimean peninsula and adjacent to the coast continental shelf of Ukraine within the jurisdiction of the Ukrainian state authorities per international legal norms and the Constitution and laws of Ukraine
subsoil beneath the territories defined above and the airspace above them.
We would like to point out that due to the occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol and other numerous illegal actions of the Russian Federation, Ukraine has lost control over most of its territorial sea and exclusive economic zone — all in all, about 100,000 square kilometers in the Black and Azov seas of the 137,000 square kilometers of sea waters total that Ukraine's sovereignty or sovereign rights extend to.
In response, the decree of Ukraine's Ministry of Infrastructure On Closure of the Seaports has closed the Ukrainian seaports of Kerch, Sevastopol, Feodosia, Yalta and Yevpatoria until the constitutional order of Ukraine in the temporarily occupied territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol is restored.
In addition, due to the inability of servicing ships and passengers, facilitating cargo, transport, freight forwarding and other related activities, ensuring proper level of navigation safety and Ukraine's compliance with the international treaties requirements as well as adequate environmental protection at sea fishing ports in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, by resolution On the Temporary Closure of the Sea Fishing Ports, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has closed the Kerch and Sevastopol Sea Fishing Ports until the constitutional order of Ukraine in these temporarily occupied area is restored.
In turn, Article 25 (1) of the UNCLOS allows a coastal state to take the necessary steps in its territorial sea to prevent a non-innocent passage.
As is apparent from Article 19 (1) of the UNCLOS, a passage is considered peaceful if it proceeds in accordance with the Convention and other rules of international law and does not breach peace, good order or security of the coastal state.
In accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 19 of the Convention, a passage of a foreign vessel is considered to be in breach of the peace, good order or security of a coastal state if it engages in the following activities in the territorial sea:
any threat or use of force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or
political independence of the coastal State, or in any other manner in
violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of
the UN
any exercise or practice with weapons of any kind
any act aimed at collecting information to the prejudice of the
defense or security of the coastal state
any act of propaganda aimed at affecting the defense or security
of the coastal state
the launching, landing or taking on board of any aircraft
the launching, landing or taking on board of any military
the loading or unloading of any commodity, currency or person
contrary to the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and
regulations of the coastal state
any act of willful and serious pollution contrary to the UNCLOS
any fishing activities
any research or survey activities
actions aimed at interfering with any systems of communication
or any other facilities or installations of the coastal state
any other activity that doesn't have a direct bearing on passage.
Meanwhile, a coastal state may adopt laws and regulations conforming with the provisions of the UNCLOS and other rules of international law relating to innocent passage through the territorial sea in respect to all or any of the following:
safety of navigation and regulation of maritime traffic
protection of navigational and other aids, facilities or installations
protection of cables and pipelines
conservation of the living resources of the sea
prevention of infringement of the fisheries laws and
preservation of the environment of the coastal state and
prevention, reduction and control of pollution thereof
marine scientific research and hydrographic surveys
prevention of infringement of the customs, fiscal,
immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal
state (Article 21 (1) of the Convention).
Additionally, without discrimination in form or in fact among foreign ships, a coastal state may temporarily suspend in specified areas of its territorial sea the innocent passage of foreign ships if such suspension is essential for the protection of its security, including weapons exercises. Such suspension shall take effect only after having been duly published. (Article 25 (3) of the UNCLOS).
Finally, Article 24 (2) of the Convention stipulates that a coastal state must give appropriate publicity to any known danger to navigation within its territorial sea.
According to Article 5 of the State Border Law, the territorial sea of Ukraine includes coastal waters extending for twelve nautical miles from the lowest water line both on the mainland and in the islands belonging to Ukraine or from direct baselines connecting the corresponding points. The geographical coordinates of these points are approved in the order established by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
In some cases, a different breadth of Ukraine's territorial sea may be established by international treaties of Ukraine, and in the absence of treaties — in accordance with the generally recognized principles and norms of international law.
At the same time, in accordance with Article 17 of the Law on State Border, respective Ukrainian authorities may establish areas in the territorial sea and inland waters of Ukraine where navigation and stay of Ukrainian and foreign non-military ships and warships is temporarily prohibited. The establishment of such areas has to be announced in due course.
Also, Paragraph 6 of the Rules of Navigation and Stay of Foreign Warships in the Territorial Sea, Inland Waters, Raids and Ports of Ukraine [4] stipulates that foreign warships must not enter and remain in the areas of territorial sea and inland waters where navigation is prohibited.
Nor should we ignore another international instrument critically important to the ocean safety, namely, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea [5] (as amended) (hereinafter — SOLAS).
Thus, under Regulation 4 Navigational Warnings of SOLAS Chapter V Safety of Navigation, each contracting government shall take all necessary measures to ensure that when intelligence of any dangers is received from whatever reliable source, it must be promptly brought to the knowledge of those concerned and communicated to other interested governments.
Moreover, the provisions of Regulation 9 Hydrographic Services of SOLAS Chapter V stipulate that the contracting governments undertake steps to collect and compile hydrographic data, as well as publish, disseminate and update all maritime information necessary for safe navigation. In particular, the contracting governments undertake to cooperate in carrying out, as far as possible, the following navigation and hydrographic services in a manner most suitable for the purpose of aiding navigation:
ensure that hydrographic surveying is carried out, as far as possible, adequate to the requirements of safe navigation
prepare and issue nautical charts, sailing directions, lists of lights, tide tables and other nautical publications, where applicable, satisfying the needs of safe navigation
promulgate notices to mariners in order that nautical charts and publications are kept, as far as possible, up to date and
provide data management arrangements to support these services.
The above SOLAS provisions are duly reflected in Article 76 of the Merchant Shipping Code of Ukraine (hereinafter — KTM). Namely, this article of KTM stipulates that nautical and hydrographic support of navigation in Ukraine's inland waters, territorial sea and exclusive (marine) economic zone is provided by means of:
installing, developing and maintaining the navigation equipment required by the intensity of the navigation traffic and the degree of navigation hazard
conducting hydrographic surveys
collecting navigation information
timely preparation, publication and provision of seafarers with navigational charts, advisories, guides, messages and warnings, as well as other up-to-date navigation and hydrographic information.
Therefore, taking into account the above facts, the requirements of the international maritime law and Ukraine's national legislation, as well as the present objective impossibility for Ukraine to comply with the Regulation 4 Navigational Warnings, Regulation 9 Hydrographic Services and Regulation 13 Establishment and Operation of Aids to Navigation of SOLAS Chapter V Safety of Navigation in the RF-occupied inland waters and territorial sea around the Crimean peninsula, as a coastal state, Ukraine is obligated to establish within its inland waters and territorial sea around the Crimean peninsula an area where navigation and stay of Ukrainian and foreign non-military vessels and warships is temporarily prohibited until Ukraine's constitutional order there is restored.
Map of the Area Temporarily Prohibited for Navigation in the Occupied Ukrainian Territorial Sea Adjacent to the Crimean Peninsula
1. Konstytutsiia Ukrainy: Osnovnyi Zakon Ukrainy vid 28.06.2996 r. // Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. – 1996. - № 30, stattia 141. [The Constitution of Ukraine: the Basic Law of Ukraine. The Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 1996, #30, article 141].
2. Konventsiia Orhanizatsii Obiednanykh Natsii z morskoho prava vid 10.12.1982 r., ratyfikovana Zakonom Ukrainy «Pro ratyfikatsiiu Konventsii Orhanizatsii Obiednanykh Natsii z morskoho prava 1982 roku ta Uhody pro implementatsiiu Chastyny XI Konventsii Orhanizatsii Obiednanykh Natsii z morskoho prava 1982 roku» № 728-XIV vid 03.06.1999 r. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. – 1999. - № 31, stattia 254. [The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea from December 10, 1982, ratified by the Law of Ukraine On Ratification of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea # 728-XIV from June 3,1999. The Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 1999, #31, article 254].
3. Pro derzhavnyi kordon Ukrainy: Zakon Ukrainy vid 04.11.1991 r. // Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. - 1992. - № 2, stattia 5. [On the State Border of Ukraine: Law of Ukraine from November 4, 1991. The Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 1992, #2, article 5].
4. Pro zatverdzhennia Pravyl plavannia i perebuvannia v terytorialnomu mori, vnutrishnikh vodakh, na reidakh ta v portakh Ukrainy inozemnykh viiskovykh korabliv: Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 16.05.1996 r., № 529. [On Approving Rules of Navigation and Stay of Foreign Warships in the Territorial Sea, Inland Waters, Raids and Ports of Ukraine: Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine #529 from May 16, 1996].
5. Mizhnarodnoi konventsii z okhorony liudskoho zhyttia na mori 1974 roku (SOLAS-74) (SOLAS) vid 01.11.1974 [International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS-74) from November 1, 1974].
6. Kodeks torhovelnoho moreplavstva Ukrainy vid 23.05.1995 r. // Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. – 1995. - № 47, stattia 349. [The Merchant Shipping Code of Ukraine from May 23, 1995. The Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 1995, #47, article 349].
7. Pro zatverdzhennia Polozhennia pro Ministerstvo infrastruktury Ukrainy: Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 30.06.2015 r., № 460 // Ofitsiinyi visnyk Ukrainy. – 2015. - № 54, stor. 82, stattia 1755, kod akta 77634/2015. [On Approving the Regulation on the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine: Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine #460 from June 30, 2015. The Official Bulletin of Ukraine, 2015, #54, p.82, article 1755, act code 77634/2015].
8. Pro zatverdzhennia Polozhennia pro navihatsiino-hidrohrafichne zabezpechennia moreplavstva u vnutrishnikh morskykh vodakh, terytorialnomu mori ta vykliuchnii (morskii) ekonomichnii zoni Ukrainy: Nakaz Ministerstva transportu ta zviazku Ukrainy vid 29.05.2006 r., № 514, zareiestrovanyi v Ministerstvi yustytsii Ukrainy 14.06.2006 r. za № 708/12582 // Ofitsiinyi visnyk Ukrainy. - 2006.- № 24, str. 177, stattia 1792, kod akta 36603/2006 [On Approving the Regulation on the Nautical and Hydro graphic Support to Navigation in the inland sea waters, territorial sea and the exclusive (marine) economic zone of Ukraine: Order #514 of the Ministry of Transport and Connection of Ukraine from May 29, 2005, registration #708/12582. The Official Bulletin of Ukraine, 2006, #24, p.177, article 1792, act code 36603/2006].
9. Pro zabezpechennia prav i svobod hromadian ta pravovyi rezhym na tymchasovo okupovanii terytorii Ukrainy: Zakon Ukrainy vid 15.04.2014 r. // Ofitsiinyi visnyk Ukrainy. – 2014. - № 36, stor. 35, stattia 957 [On Ensuring Rights and Freedoms of Citizens and the Legal Regime in the Temporarily Occupied Territory of Ukraine: Law of Ukraine from April 15, 2014. The Official Bulletin of Ukraine, 2014, #36, p.35, article 957].
10. Pro zakryttia morskykh portiv: Nakaz Ministerstva infrastruktury Ukrainy vid 16.06.2014 r., № 255, zareiestrovanyi u Ministerstvi yustytsii Ukrainy 24.06.2014 r. za № 690/25467 // Ofitsiinyi visnyk Ukrainy.- 2014. - № 54, stor. 116, stattia 1461, kod akta 73050/2014. [On Closure of the Sea Ports: Order #255 of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine from June 16, 2014 registered at the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine
on June 24, 2014 under the #690/25467. The Official Bulletin of Ukraine, 2014, #54, p.116, article 1461, act code 73050/2014].
11. Pro tymchasove zakryttia morskykh rybnykh portiv: Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 06.04.2016 r., № 263 // Ofitsiinyi visnyk Ukrainy. – 2016. - № 30, stor. 67, stattia 1198, kod akta 81545/2016. [On the Temporary Closure of the Sea Fishing Ports: : Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine #263 from April 6, 2016. The Official Bulletin of Ukraine, 2016, #30, p.67, article 1198, act code 81545/2016].


High-energy Client Services Representative with knowledge in direct response marketing for both print and digital channels. The successful candidate will collaborate with clients and FSSI Marketing Services on the creation, production, and execution of direct mail campaigns that meet or exceed Client's expectations. The Client Services Representative is the key contact between Clients, IT/Development and Production Departments who communicate in coordination with the project timeline, design, change management, and success of direct mail and integrated marketing campaigns.
Manage the day-to-day needs of assigned client accounts, including communication with clients, overseeing production jobs, conversions, reporting and all other tasks.
Work with clients to prepare all requirements necessary to produce clients' work including creativity, adherence with postal requirements, materials, print, finishing, and response measurements.
Maintain all job specifications in internal work order system. Prepare all paperwork and processes necessary to produce clients' work on time and accurately.
Ensure that all work is processed to meet required timelines.
Complete and maintain reports and other customer-related documents with assistance from Sales or Management.
Complete price sheets and quotes for clients and ensure that current price sheets are in place for all work. Monitor client inventory and postage levels.
Gain an understanding of clients' business needs and generate new ideas to improve client performance.
Understand clients' quality expectations and ensure overall quality control on all projects through the creative and production processes.
Ensure clients' benefit from the best rates and most efficient mailing processes by applying knowledge of postal and address management and working with internal departments as resources.
Apply knowledge of print technology and finishing equipment to generate innovative and creative direct mail applications that add value to a client's campaign.
Develop processes and procedures for new and current jobs with attention to detail and quality. Train production employees on specific jobs.
Assist Sales and Marketing in pre-sales activity such as proof of concepts, samples, and price quotes.
Ensure that all compliance and privacy regulations, as well as company policies and procedures are adhered to at all times.
Knowledge of direct response marketing and the execution of direct mail campaigns.
Understanding of how print and digital marketing strategies work together to create more successful campaigns.
Enthusiastic and committed attitude; flexible problem-solver.
Understanding of direct mail print production and postal requirements.
Understanding of data processing instructions: suppressions, merge purge, record layouts, variable fields, etc.
Ability to learn and optimize the company's print and finishing capabilities and clearly articulate knowledge to internal and external stakeholders.
Working knowledge of Adobe Creative Cloud including Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign.
Excellent written, presentation and communication skills.
Strong attention to detail, good math skills, and the ability to maintain a high level of confidentiality.
Must possess strong customer service philosophy and attitude; ability to work effectively and independently with all levels of employees.
Ability to maintain professional communications both verbally and in writing, including emails, letters, proposals, and campaigns.
BA/BS in business, marketing, or communications and/or equivalent work experience.
At least 3 – 5 years' experience in a client-facing role for a marketing agency; a company in the direct mail or print industries; or comparable role with transferable skills.


text:
Congratulations to Alison George!
Published on January 23, 2023 January 23, 2023 by BIANCA E CHESANG
Congratulations to Alison George of Buffalo County 4-H! She's one of only four youth leaders in Wisconsin selected to participate in the 2023 National 4-H Ag Summit!
Tagged: 4-H, National 4-H, Wisconsin 4-H, Youth Leadership
Sixth Grade Battle Bots STEM Challenge at C-FC
On January 20th, Mr. Holt's sixth grade students at Cochrane-Fountain City school participated a critical thinking pilot robot engineering challenge. Students worked to design their own armor for their battle bots using makerspace materials, iPads, and mini sphero robots. Students used the inquiry design process to test their prototypes and explore how mass, speed, and the center of gravity impacted the success of their battle bot. The STEM challenge concluded in the battle arena with a c
WE ARE HIRING COLLEGE STUDENTS FOR SUMMER – Apply today!
UW-Madison Division of Extension in Buffalo County is looking to hire 4-6 college students to work with young people in their summer programs in 2023! The 4-H Afterschool Summer Program (Fountain City, WI) and the Mondovi Community Youth Center (Mondovi, WI) are full-day, out-of-school time programs that care for ~40 youth onsite daily. These experiences are opportunities to build resumes and experiences for those in the education, recreation, or human services fields. The positions can be set