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Katia Lee Photography
© Katia Lee Photography
"I'm just a mom, worried about her kids."
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A young mother at a "Die In" at Senator Tim Scott's offices, Columbia, S.C., May 2017
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Constituent of Joe Wilson at a Town Hall in Aiken, S.C., April 2017
Young mother-to-be at at Senator Tim Scott's offices, Columbia, S.C., May 2017
Constituents disagree with Congressman Joe Wilson at a Town Hall in Aiken, S.C., April 2017
"You Lie!"
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Photographer centers himself at Joe Wilson's Town Hall in Aiken, S.C., 2017
Congressman Joe Wilson at a Town Hall in Aiken, S.C., April 2017
"Standing up to Joe Wilson"
Constituent Julie Edwards stands up to Joe Wilson regarding gun control, at a Town Hall in Aiken, S.C., April 2017
Joe Wilson speaks with young woman who confronted him at Aiken Town Hall, April 2017
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Rally to defend DACA in Columbia, S.C., January 30, 2018
"I have a dream too'"
Rally to defend DACA in Columbia S.C., January 30, 2018
Young Protester, International Women's Day
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Constituent of Joe Wilson at a Town Hall in Aiken S.C., April 2017
"Say Her Name"
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Reading the names of African Americans killed in the last year; Black Lives Matter holds a counter rally on the day S.C. Secessionist Party raises the Confederate flag, July 10, 2017
"You're a puppet"
Constituents at Joe Wilson at a Town Hall in Aiken S.C., April 2017, per statement from Indivisible Midlands, "We used sock puppets at town halls this year bc our MoCs won't allow signs! Which is ridiculous...hence the puppets."
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Young mother-to-be at at Senator Tim Scott's offices, holds onto her husband's hand. Columbia S.C., May 2017
S.C. Secessionist Party raises the Confederate flag on the anniversary of its removal from the State House grounds. The removal was prompted after a self-proclaimed white supremacist fatally shot nine black church members of Emanuel AME Church in Charleston S.C., July 10, 2017
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Young boy at Indivisible Midlands' March for Truth on the State House grounds, Columbia S.C., June 3, 2017
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"Militia Man"
S.C. Secessionist Party raises the Confederate flag on the anniversary of its removal from the State House grounds, with them, came local militia. The removal was prompted after a self-proclaimed white supremacist fatally shot nine black church members of Emanuel AME Church in Charleston S.C., July 10, 2017
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Counter protesters at event where the S.C. Secessionist Party raises the Confederate flag on the anniversary of its removal from the State House grounds. The removal was prompted after a self-proclaimed white supremacist fatally shot nine black church members of Emanuel AME Church in Charleston S.C., July 10, 2017
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Indivisible Midlands holds a health care rally outside Joe Wilson's offices West Columbia, S.C., May 10, 2017
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"Columbia Stands with Charlottesville." After the events in Charlottesville in which Heather Heyer was murdered after a "Unite the Right" rally, more than 200 people gathered in solidarity at the State House grounds. August 14, 2017
Mayor Steve Benjamin
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Mayor Steve Benjamin poses with young child at "Columbia Stands with Charlottesville." After the events in Charlottesville in which Heather Heyer was murdered after a "Unite the Right" rally, more than 200 people gathered in solidarity at the State House grounds. August 14, 2017
"Protect Mueller"
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Indivisible Midlands, in Columbia S.C. held a rally to protect the Mueller Investigation.
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Mayor Steve Benjamin and Senator Kamala Harris at a town hall in Columbia SC
Kamala Harris meets South Carolinians after a town hall in Columbia
How most people now view an event. Kamala Harris through the lens of an iPhone at the town hall in Columbia SC
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Man watches on at Joe Wilson's Town Hall in Aiken, SC April 2017
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Constituents at "Protect the ACA" rally at the offices of Senator Lindsey Graham
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Constituents wait to be let in to Senator Lindsey Graham's offices to insist on a special prosecutor to investigate Russian interference in the 2016 General Election. May 11, 2017
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"March for Science," in Columbia SC, one of nearly 500 rallies across the US on Earth Day 2017
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"March for Our Lives," Columbia S.C. Student organized rally for gun control after the events in Parkland Florida
"Never Again"
Young boy at Kamala Harris' town hall in Columbia SC
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Save our Healthcare. Rally outside Lindsey Graham's offices June 2017
"Elephant in the Womb"
Activist, Sam Edwards outside the offices of Senator Lindsey Graham at "Protect the ACA" rally.
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Behind the Scenes of the final shot of "Marry You for Health Care" parody video targeting SC senators
Constituent of Joe Wilson at a Town Hall in Aiken SC, April 2017
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"March for Science," in Columbia S.C., one of nearly 500 rallies across the US on Earth Day 2017
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Rally to support the Transgender Community after Donald Trump announces ban of Transgender people in the military. July 29, 2017
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One of many dogs at the "March for Science," in Columbia S.C., one of nearly 500 rallies across the US on Earth Day 2017
"Last One Standing."
Last person to stand in counter protest against the S.C. Secessionist Party and the confederate flag raised on the State House Grounds. Columbia SC July 10, 2017
Boys play a game during the "March for Science," in Columbia S.C., one of nearly 500 rallies across the US on Earth Day 2017
"Tombstone"
"Die In" at Senator Tim Scott's offices, Columbia S.C., May 2017
"Day 365"
Women's March in Washington D.C., January 20, 2018
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Zombie brides at Senator Lindsey Graham's offices before the Graham-Cassidy Healthcare Bill vote. Indivisible Midlands made a parody video called "Marry you for health care" targeting SC two bachelor senators.
"At the White House"
Women's March in Washington DC, January 20, 2018
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From the Lincoln Memorial, view of the Washington Monument during the Women's March in Washington D.C., January 20, 2018
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"Stranger Things"
"I guess you really can get everything on Amazon"
Overheard at the Women's March, Washington D.C., January 20, 2018
"Batala DC"
Batala drummers at the Women's March in Washington D.C., January 20, 2018
Alison Rodden walked backwards from the reflecting pool to the White House leading Batala D.C., an all women's drumming group. Women's March in Washington DC, January 20, 2018
Women of Song Rise
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Second Women's March DC 2018
"Watching the March"
Workers on scaffolding watch The Women's March from the roof of the Eisenhower Executive Office Building. Washington D.C., January 20, 2018
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Young woman poses for a photo with Bernie Sanders; Claflin University in Orangeburg SC on the HBCU (Historically Black Colleges and Universities) Tour February 2016
"We were seeds"
"To my sisters in the room, say: 'We want our whole damn dollar!'"
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Nina Turner at Bernie Sanders HBCU (Historically Black Colleges and Universities) Tour February 2016
One of the tombstones at a "Die In" at Senator Tim Scott's offices, Columbia S.C., May 2017
Rhett Howard
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Watches on as his mother is interviewed at Bernie Sanders HBCU (Historically Black Colleges and Universities) Tour February 2016
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Pool photographer chats with Hilary Clinton supporters at an event in Columbia S.C.
"Bernie"
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Bernie Sanders at Claflin University in Orangeburg SC on the HBCU (Historically Black Colleges and Universities) Tour February 2016
"Killer Mike"
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Killer Mike introduces Bernie Sanders at Claflin University in Orangeburg SC on the HBCU (Historically Black Colleges and Universities) Tour February 2016
"Watching the Watchers"
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Young boy watches the cameras and reporters after a Hillary Clinton shared the stage with mother's of gun violence at Central Baptist Church in Columbia S.C. February 24, 2016
"Revolution is Now"
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Young boy with his parents Bernie Sanders at Claflin University in Orangeburg S.C. on the HBCU (Historically Black Colleges and Universities) Tour February 2016


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Farmers' protests in India and agricultural reforms
Descargar el recurso
Información del recurso
License of the resource:
Our published material is available to everyone on commonslibrary.parliament.uk.
Abstracted from executive summary:
The Indian Central Government introduced three agricultural reform bills in June 2020. These Bills, known collectively as the farm laws, were passed by the Indian Parliament at the end of September. Opposition figures and protesting farmers complained there was little consultation over the legislation. On 19 November 2021, after nearly a year of mass protests against the laws, the Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, made a surprise announcement that his Government would repeal the farm laws.
Informes e investigaciones
Autores y editores
Author(s), editor(s), contributor(s):
John Curtis
The United Kingdom has historically played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith in the 19th century, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted in two world wars and the Irish Republic's withdrawal from the union. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation.
Leer más sobre Government of the United Kingdom
Foco geográfico
Legislación agraria
Sistemas de explotación
Conflicto agrario
Agricultura contractual
Agricultores

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home > Quebec
You Can Now Get Fined $4,500 for Not Wearing a Mask in This Canadian City
In an effort to prevent a second wave of COVID-19 affecting Quebec, officials for the city have approved new rules that will allow police to issue fines for people who don't wear masks in public places.
By James Crowley On 9/12/20 at 1:02 PM EDT
Trudeau: Legal Weed Opponents Are 'Chattering Classes'
"It's going to take a little time to adjust but we're on the right track," the Canadian prime minister said.
By Jason Lemon On 12/18/18 at 1:58 PM EST
Pot Shortage Sends Legal Canadian Users to Black Market
Licensing issues and postal strikes have presented obstacles for the country's fledgling cannabis industry.
By Kashmira Gander On 11/1/18 at 5:57 AM EDT
Saudi Arabia Demands Canada Grant Quebec Independence
"It is outrageous from our perspective that a country will sit there and lecture us, and make demands. "We demand the immediate release"... Really?" Saudi Foreign Minister Adel Al-Jubeir said.
By Jason Lemon On 9/27/18 at 10:37 AM EDT
Video: Justin Trudeau Heckled, Condemns 'Racism'
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said he won't apologize for calling out a woman's "racism" after she interrupted him during a Quebec event.
By Benjamin Fearnow On 8/22/18 at 9:57 AM EDT
Death Toll Rising In Canada Heat Wave
"I've never experienced something lasting that long."
By Danielle Kogan On 7/5/18 at 1:44 PM EDT
Could Russia Join the G-7? Donald Trump Thinks So
The U.S. president headed to the summit in Canada having angered many allies.
By Damien Sharkov On 6/8/18 at 11:01 AM EDT
Canada's Marijuana Legalization Threatened by Senate
Conservative senators say several provinces are not ready to enforce a legal framework by July 1.
By Melina Delkic On 11/28/17 at 1:33 PM EST
44 Arrested at Far-Right Protests in Canada
Hundreds of far-right protesters and hundreds of counter protesters converged in Quebec this weekend.
Quebec Could Pass Law Banning Veils on Buses
Quebec has tried to ban face veils in the public sector on two occasions before.
By Conor Gaffey On 10/17/17 at 4:13 AM EDT
President of Quebec Mosque's Car Torched
The Islamic Cultural Center of Quebec called the attack "another hateful act."
By Jack Moore On 8/31/17 at 4:42 AM EDT
Quebec Builders Unearth Unexploded British Cannonball
The 200-pound projectile was fired by the British during the 1759 Battle of the Plains of Abraham.
By Tom Porter On 7/15/17 at 11:12 AM EDT
Quebec Mosque Attack: Between Fake News and Extremism
In the Quebec mosque attack, misreporting meant the attack was characterized as "Muslim terrorism" and boosted far-right propaganda.
By Julia Ebner On 2/2/17 at 1:36 PM EST
Five Dead, Two Arrested After Quebec Mosque Shooting
Quebec police confirmed the shooting at a Quebec mosque in a tweet, and police on the scene said there had been fatalities.
By Reuters On 1/29/17 at 10:16 PM EST
Leonard Cohen, Poet of Rock and Roll, Dies at 82
Cohen's music fused religious imagery with themes of redemption and sexual desire, earning him critical and popular acclaim.
By Reuters On 11/10/16 at 9:29 PM EST


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To see All uses of "equilibrium" in Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, please enable javascript.
used in Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance
a stable situation in which forces are in balance
a person's sense of physical or (more rarely) emotional balance
You climb the mountain in an equilibrium between restlessness and exhaustion.
My pack must be about forty or forty-five pounds now, and after we've climbed for a while an equilibrium establishes itself at about one breath for each step.
He's starting to get almost cocky, so I step up the equilibrium to where I breathe at a good swift rate, about one-and-a-half times our former speed.
There are no more uses of "equilibrium" in Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance.


Mostly because it started with a headache. Wasn't too bad when I gave SWMBO a ride to the Ferry Landing this morning; but got progressively worse until I just froze my head for awhile. That seems to have worked. But it's 1645 and my day has been shot.
Not that I planned to do anything today anyway. I'm pretty much in Holiday Mode. Not in a great Holiday Mood, but willing to be convinced. Gets better after SWMBO gets home. Nice to be able to walk into her room and give her a kiss whenever I want!
That was a weird segue. Probably cause I'm still not thinking entirely straight. Yep, really looking forward to that drive into Bremerton to pick her up tonight. Think I'll make a quick trip to the Vape Shop while I'm there.
Vape Shop was closed. Like it was a Holiday or something. So I went on down and picked SWMBO up. She had me take her to Walmart out East Bremerton way. Bad idea. Saw a 32" digital led tv for $168 so I got it. Then $50 for a wall mount for my monitor. Then $20 for a XBox One game for her son for Christmas. Phew!
Stopped by Mickey D's on the way home cause I was getting hungry. Got the tv set up on my desk. Can't get the HDMI to work and I know it's my computer. Maybe I haven't even installed the driver for it? Not sure but will figure it out. Not tonight though.
This entry was posted in General BS and tagged #GeneralBS, #HeadAcheAgain by Doc. Bookmark the permalink.


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The Cat from Outer Space is a 1978 American science fiction comedy film directed by Norman Tokar (his final film before his death the following year) starring Ken Berry, Sandy Duncan, Harry Morgan, Ronnie Schell, Roddy McDowall and McLean Stevenson.

Produced by Walt Disney Productions, it was shot at the studio's Golden Oak Ranch and Santa Clarita, California. It paired Harry Morgan with McLean Stevenson whom Morgan replaced on M*A*S*H.

Plot

A UFO makes an emergency landing on Earth and is taken into custody by the United States government. The occupant of the "flying saucer" turns out to be a strange cat-like alien named Zunar-J-5/9 Doric-4-7. Since the Mother Ship cannot send a rescue party before it leaves the solar system, the cat sets about investigating how to repair the ship himself. Using a special collar that amplifies telekinetic and telepathic abilities, he follows the military to the Energy Research Laboratory (or E.R.L.), where they hope to learn how the UFO's power source works. One of the lab's scientists, Frank Wilson, attracts the cat's attention when his theory on the power source, while ridiculed by the rest of the staff, is actually on the right track.

The cat follows Frank to his office, where Frank nicknames him Jake. Another scientist, Liz Bartlet, storms into his office, upset at Frank's sense of humor in light of such an important scientific discovery. Frank is able to calm her down, mostly by introducing Jake and inviting her to dinner. After Liz leaves, Jake reveals his true nature to Frank, demonstrating his abilities and offering to exchange his advanced knowledge of energy for Frank's assistance. That evening, the pair plan to break into the military base where Jake's ship is being kept, but must dodge Liz who has arrived for their date with her own cat, Lucybelle. Jake feigns being sick, allowing them to proceed to the base. At the base, Frank uses a back-up collar to fly to the top of the ship and attach a diagnostic device. Jake learns that he needs an element that he calls "Org 12". When Jake reveals the element's atomic weight, Frank realizes that "Org 12" is elemental gold.

Back at Frank's apartment, Frank tells Jake that a quantity of gold costing $120,000 will repair Jake's ship. Norman Link, a colleague of Frank's, comes over to watch horse races and football games on which he has wagered money. Jake uses his powers to help Link's horse win the race, prompting Jake and Frank to convince Link to help them by parlaying all of his bets to win the money. However, Jake gets knocked out by a well-meaning vet that was brought in by Liz because she thought Jake was still sick. Frank informs Liz of the situation and the group heads to a local pool hall where Link has placed his bets. Learning the last game in the parlay was lost and desperate to raise the money needed, they agree to a game of pool with a hustler named Sarasota Slim. Frank's first attempt to use Jake's collar fails, but Jake regains consciousness in time to manipulate the final game and win the money they need to acquire the gold for Jake's ship.

However, an industrial spy named Stallwood, who works for a master criminal named Olympus, has learned of their activities, as has the military. Frank and Jake manage to elude the military and the criminals, only to have Link, Liz and Lucybelle captured by Olympus and his men. They plan to ransom them back for the collar, which forces Jake to send his ship back to the awaiting Mother Ship and stay on Earth in order to help rescue his friends. Jake and Frank use a broken-down biplane to rescue Liz and Lucybelle from Olympus's helicopter, which crashes; Olympus, Stallwood and their men survive and are presumably arrested. In the final scene, Jake is allowed to stay on Earth as a representative of an off-world "friendly power", with Jake applying for and being granted United States citizenship.

Cast
 Ken Berry as Franklin "Frank" Wilson
 Sandy Duncan as Elizabeth "Liz" Bartlett
 Harry Morgan as Gen. Stilton
 Ronnie Schell as Sgt. Duffy/Voice of Jake
 Roddy McDowall as Mr. Stallwood
 McLean Stevenson as Norman Link
 Jesse White as Earnest Ernie (the Gambling Dealer)
 Alan Young as Dr. Winger (veterinarian)
 Hans Conried as Chief Dr. Heffel
 James Hampton as Capt. Anderson
 Howard Platt as Col. Woodruff
 William Prince as Charlie Olympus
 Ralph Manza as Weasel
 Tom Pedi as Honest Harry
 Hank Jones as Officer
 Rick Hurst as Dydee Guard
 Sorrell Booke as Judge
 Fred Whalen as Sarasota Slim (Pool Hustler)
 John Alderson as Mr. Smith
 Tiger Joe Marsh as Omar
 Alfred Soboloff as NASA Executive
 Mel Carter as 1st Soldier
 Dallas McKennon as Charlie Cooney
 Alice Backes as Farmer's Wife
 Henry Slate as Sandwich Man
 Roger Pancake as Red
 Roger Price as 1st E.R.L. Report
 Jerry Fujikawa as 2nd E.R.L. Report
 Jim Begg as Dydee Driver
 Peter Renaday as Baliff
 Rickie Sorensen as Technician
 Tom Jackman as Army Engineer
 Joseph G. Medalis as Sucker
 Gil Stratton as 1st NASA Scientist
 Jana Milo as 2nd NASA Scientist
 Rumpler and Amber (brother and sister Abyssinian cats) as Jake / Zunar-J-5/9 Doric-4-7

Reception
Tom Buckley of The New York Times wrote, "The complications begin amusingly enough, but tend to become tiresome and predictable well before the movie is over. Even so, 'The Cat From Outer Space' is likely to keep the under-14's amused, at least if supplemented by plenty of popcorn." Variety wrote, "The fun, as usual with Disney pix, comes in the believable sight gags provided along the way. Also as usual, it's a good cast of veterans and nothing to tax them beyond their abilities, all ably kept in place by director Norman Tokar. The aerial climax is especially good." Linda Gross of the Los Angeles Times described the film as "successful G-rated family fare" but "at one hour, 43 minutes is too long, particularly the jeopardy situation involving the midair transfer of Duncan and her cat from a pilotless helicopter to another plane." Judith Martin of The Washington Post wrote, "This is not exactly inspiring material, but it is harmless enough — unless the child expects you to sit through it with him." Martyn Auty of The Monthly Film Bulletin stated, "Putatively aimed at the junior end of the s-f market, this 'Close Encounter of the 'Furred' Kind' is a distinctly earthbound Disney adventure film, in which magical technology is harnessed to foiling villains and rescuing heroines, human and feline. For all that, The Cat from Outer Space displays its visual trickery ingeniously and more or less reverently within the caper-comedy narrative."

The film holds a score of 67% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 9 reviews, with an average rating of 5.2 out of 10.

See also
 List of American films of 1978

References

External links

 The Cat From Outer Space at UltimateDisney.com

 Full length film available via archive.org.

1978 films
1970s science fiction comedy films
American children's comedy films
American science fiction comedy films
Films about cats
Films about extraterrestrial life
Films directed by Norman Tokar
Films produced by Ron W. Miller
Films scored by Lalo Schifrin
Films about gambling
Walt Disney Pictures films
Films about animals
1978 comedy films
Films set in Los Angeles
1970s children's comedy films
Films shot in Los Angeles County, California
1970s English-language films
1970s American films

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Artists' Remedies – copyright or contract?
Nov 12, 2017 | Art |
Veronica Otero - www.veronicaotero.uk
For some 8 years Cardrax and Sue Deakin enjoyed an amicable and mutually beneficial business relationship. Last year they became embroiled in a high profile Court case which led not only to the irretrievable breakdown of that relationship but also to great financial strain and enormous legal fees and a great deal of emotional stress on both sides.
Ms Sue Deakin is an artist and illustrator whose experience includes illustrating children's books and providing characters and accompanying designs (eg stars, swirls, squiggles etc) for greetings cards and other such products.
Cardrax is a company which designs and manufactures greetings cards and other related products (such as notelets) which are sold by distributors to outlets such as Post Offices, corner shops etc.
Ms Deakin and her son acting as her manager sued Cardrax and various other related companies for numerous alleged wrongdoings relating to the use and exploitation of hundreds of pieces of artwork on cards and other ancillary products including wrapping paper and invitations.
The Judgment dealt with various interesting points of principle relating to the laws of copyright and contract, many of which will be of importance to those operating both within the greetings cards industry and the licensing arena in general.
Contract not Copyright
Unless expressly permitted, a company or individual granting another a licence to use their work (known as a 'licensor') cannot terminate that licence for non-payment if the licence was granted in return for a promise to pay.
So, if you grant a licence to use your work in return for, say, payment by instalments, you may be unable to rely on a right of termination if some of those instalments remain unpaid, where your work is already being used. That means that you may not be able to stop the person you have licensed (known as the 'licensee') from continuing to use your work even if they have not paid for it in full. You would of course be able to sue the Licensee for payment of the outstanding monies.
Modifying artwork
It is widely known and understood that in addition to specific rights such as copyright, IP owners enjoy protection from what are technically referred to as 'moral rights'.
In broad terms, 'Moral Rights' include the right to prevent a third party from altering your work in a 'derogatory' way. So, if you create a piece of artwork and it is altered in a 'derogatory' way you may have a claim for breach of your IP.
However, in the Cardrax case, the Judge held that there were circumstances in which a licensee is at liberty to modify your work unless specifically prohibited by the agreement. Whether or not the alterations are lawful will be a question of fact and degree – in this case, changing the colour of the artwork did NOT amount to derogatory treatment and was permissible without the licencee needing to request permission from the artist, or paying an additional fee. It is therefore advisable to include a term prohibiting such alterations in the agreement, to avoid argument at a later date.
Whilst a director of a company may in certain situations be held personally accountable for IP infringement, that may not extend to 'accidental' infringements which the company had implemented systems to avoid. If for example a company sells articles utilising your IP outside of the licence period because a system designed to avoid such infringements had failed, you may not be able to hold an individual director liable.
Ownership of Corporate Logo
Where an artist produces a logo for the sole use of the commissioning company in its branding then according to the Judge, fairness may dictate that the artist cannot stop that company from using the logo even if the fee remains unpaid.
The Judge's reasoning for that decision was that if the company has based its entire image around the logo and included it on all its products, promotional literature etc, the artist should not be able to hold the company to ransom by threatening to sue the company for copyright infringement if the fee remains unpaid. The artist's remedies may be limited to a monetary claim against the company for the unpaid sums.
It should be remembered that the factual matrix of each situation will be unique and the circumstances of non payment in this case were perhaps such as to justify the Judge's finding. As is usually the case however, there is no hard and fast rule and each case will turn on its own facts.
The case clearly demonstrates the hazards faced by individuals and SMEs, who operate their businesses on trust or through oral arrangements as opposed to formal written agreements, and brings into focus the enormous problems which can arise where that relationship of trust breaks down.
The case also acts as a stark reminder for those involved in a dispute such as this of the need to approach matters in a commercially sensible way and avoid the cost of going to Court where possible. The Judge's findings on costs are currently awaited but it is expected that he will make damning comment on the conduct of lawyers operating under Conditional Fee Agreements (ie no win, no fee) particularly where the party bringing the claim has managed to obtain insurance to cover the other side's costs in the event that the claim is unsuccessful. This is because in such situations the suing party is taking no financial risk in terms of legal costs and so may be persuaded to approach the matter in an aggressive, commercially unrealistic way.
This Article was written by Hayley Devlin, a solicitor specialising in intellectual property and brand protection at Hamlins LLP, who represented the Defendants in this case. For more details please contact Hayley on 020 7355 6048 or at hdevlin@hamlins.co.uk.'
Image: Veronica Otero, Bedouin of Palestine, Al-Rashaydeh Bedouin Village, 2016: www.veronicaotero.uk
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(Redirected from The Siege (1998 film))
For other uses, see The Siege (disambiguation).
The Siege is a 1998 American action thriller film directed by Edward Zwick. The film is about a fictional situation in which terrorist cells have made several attacks in New York City. The film stars Denzel Washington, Annette Bening, Tony Shalhoub, and Bruce Willis.
Lynda Obst
Menno Meyjes
Graeme Revell
Steven Rosenblum
Twin River Productions
November 6, 1998 (1998-11-06) (United States)
$116.7 million
3.1 Critical response
3.3 Controversy
FBI Special Agent Anthony Hubbard (Denzel Washington) and his Lebanese American partner, Frank Haddad (Tony Shalhoub), intervene at the hijacking of a bus fully loaded with passengers, which contains an explosive device. The bomb turns out to be a paint bomb and the terrorists escape. The FBI receives demands to release Sheikh Ahmed (Ahmed Ben Larby) bin Talal, a radical Iraqi cleric who was suspected to have ordered the earlier bombing at the American embassy in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia who was captured and extracted while going to Lebanon by a group of American covert operators of Lebanese - American ancestry in the introductory scene of the film, who was then imprisoned in an undisclosed location after being extracted while the U.S. Government prepared to prosecute him for his role in the barracks bombing. Hubbard eventually comes into conflict with Central Intelligence Agency agent Elise Kraft (Annette Bening), as he takes a terrorist suspect into custody and arrests Kraft. Later, another terrorist threat is made and a Metropolitan Transportation Authority bus is bombed. The feds captures a man named Samir Nazhde (Sami Bouajila), who admits to signing the visa application of one of the suicide bombers in the course of signing many applications for student visas in his job as a lecturer. However, Kraft insists that Samir is not a terrorist and that his continued freedom is vital to the investigation.
The terrorist incidents escalate, including the bombing of a bus and a crowded theater, a hostage-taking at an elementary school, and the destruction of One Federal Plaza, the location of the FBI's New York City field office, with over 600 casualties. In spite of objections, the President of the United States declares martial law and the United States Army's 101st Airborne Division, under the command of Major General William Devereaux (Bruce Willis), occupies and seals off Brooklyn in an effort to find the remaining terrorist cells. Subsequently, all young men of Arab descent, including Haddad's son Frank Jr., are rounded up and detained in Downing Stadium. Haddad resigns in outrage. New Yorkers stage violent demonstrations against the Army and the profiling of the Arabs; the Army fights to maintain control. There are reports of Army killings.
Hubbard and Kraft, now revealed to be an agent named Sharon Bridger, continue their investigation and capture a suspect, Tariq Husseini (Amro Salama). Devereaux's men torture and kill Husseini in the course of the interrogation. Afterward, Bridger tells Hubbard that Husseini revealed nothing of value because of the principle of compartmentalized information. Sickened, Bridger finally admits that she provided training and support to militants opposed to Saddam Hussein's regime, working with Samir to recruit and train the followers of the Sheikh. After the U.S. cut their funding and left them exposed, she took pity on the few of them who had not yet been slaughtered by Hussein's forces, and arranged for them to escape to the United States, ultimately leading to the present situation as they turn their bomb making and covert skills on the country that now holds their leader. Sharon and Hubbard compel Samir to arrange a meeting with the final terrorist cell. Hubbard also convinces Haddad to return to the FBI.
A multi-ethnic peace march demonstrates against the occupation of Brooklyn. As the march is getting under way Hubbard and Haddad arrive at the meeting place, but Bridger and Samir have already left. Samir reveals to Bridger that he constitutes the final cell while in another sense he says, "there will never be a last cell." He straps a bomb to his body which he intends to detonate among the marchers. Hubbard and Haddad arrive in time to prevent him leaving but Samir shoots Bridger in the abdomen as she struggles to stop him. Hubbard and Haddad kill Samir but despite their best efforts the pair can only watch as Bridger succumbs to her wound after managing to recite certain lines of the second half of the Lord's Prayer and concluding with "Inshallah" – the Arabic phrase "God Willing".
Hubbard, Haddad, and their team raid Devereaux's headquarters to make an arrest for the torture and murder of Husseini. Deveraux insists that under the War Powers Resolution the authority vested in himself by the President supersedes that of the court which issued the arrest warrant. Deveraux then commands his soldiers to aim their assault rifles at the agents, resulting in a Mexican standoff. Hubbard reminds Devereaux that the civil liberties and human rights which he took from Husseini are what all of his predecessors have fought and perished for. Devereaux finally submits and then gets arrested. Martial law ends and the detainees, including Haddad's son, are given their freedom.
Denzel Washington as FBI Assistant Special Agent in Charge Anthony "Hub" Hubbard
Annette Bening as CIA officer Elise Kraft / Sharon Bridger
Bruce Willis as U.S. Army Major General William Devereaux
Tony Shalhoub as FBI Special Agent Frank Haddad[1]
Aasif Mandvi as Khalil Saleh
Amro Salama as Tariq Husseini
Sami Bouajila as Samir Nazhde
Ahmed Ben Larby as Sheik Akhmed bin Talal
Lianna Pai as FBI Agent Tina Osu
Mark Valley as FBI Agent Mike Johanssen
David Proval as FBI Agent Danny Sussman
Lance Reddick as FBI Agent Floyd Rose
Lisa Lynn Masters as Reporter[2]
Critical responseEdit
The film received mixed reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes awards the film a score of 44% based on 62 reviews.[3] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B-" on an A+ to F scale.[4]
Roger Ebert gave the film 21⁄2 stars out of four, writing that director Edward Zwick does a good job with crowd scenes, but criticizing it as clumsy.[5]
Bruce Willis won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor for his performances in this film, Armageddon, and Mercury Rising.[6]
The film grossed $40,981,289 in North America and $75,691,623 in other territories on a budget of $70 million.[7]
When the film opened, the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee came out against the film. Its spokesman Hussein Ibish said "The Siege is extremely offensive. It's beyond offensive. We're used to offensive, that's become a daily thing. This is actually dangerous." He thought it was "Insidious and incendiary" because it "reinforces stereotypes that lead to hate crimes." Ibish acknowledged that Arab terrorists did, in fact, bomb the World Trade Center in 1993, but said that Arab and Islamic groups are upset by "the very strong equation between Muslim religious practices and terrorism. ...[Thanks to this film] Every time someone goes through the Muslim ablution, the ritual washing of hands everybody does before they pray five times a day, that image is the announcement to the viewer of the presence of violence." Echoing such criticism, the Council on American–Islamic Relations protested the insinuation that "Muslims have total disregard for human life." The groups were "faxing and calling news organizations on a regular basis" to voice their concerns.[8][9]
Director Edward Zwick had met with Arab Americans, who suggested that the story be changed to mirror the aftermath of the Oklahoma City bombing, when Arabs were immediately assumed responsible. This idea was rejected. Zwick noted that The Siege's villains also include members of the U.S. government, and dismissed the criticism, saying:
Anytime you talk about issues that touch on religion of any kind, you can anticipate this kind of reaction. Should we only present every group as paragons and monoliths of virtue? The movie inspires to engender this kind of dialogue. I happen to come from the school that thinks that movies should not only make you uncomfortable, they might make you think. …You can anticipate any kind of reaction in these times in which sensitivity seems very high in the culture. I have a friend who says, if you've not offended somebody, you're a nobody. …How does it feel to be a lightning rod? It gets the blood going. I think it's better than being universally ignored. In a culture where there seems to be so much to talk about, it's good to be talked about.[8]
"What the movie is most deeply about – it's about our own latent possibilities of repression, stereotyping and prejudice," said Zwick. "To see Americans rounded up in the streets, to see Americans put into stadiums, to see people held without habeas corpus – to have their rights violated in such a way is such a chilling and just terrifying thing to see – that is what one takes away, I believe, from this film."[10]
In a September 2007 interview, screenwriter Lawrence Wright attributed the film's failure at the box office to Muslim and Arab protests at theaters playing the film, but also claimed that it was the most rented movie in America after the September 11 attacks.[11]
Scholar Alexandra Campbell quoted from former Guantanamo Bay detention camp captive Tarek Dergoul when she compared the fictional demonization and extrajudicial abuse of Muslims in the film and the abuse that Dergoul described in his first post-repatriation interview.[12]
On July 12, 2006 the magazine Mother Jones provided excerpts from the transcripts of a selection of the Guantanamo detainees. Yunis Abdurrahman Shokuri was one of the detainees profiled. According to the article, his transcript contained the following comment:
[T]he only way I know the United States is through movies from Hollywood or through cartoons. I'm a big fan of a lot of their singers…. [T]he first time I saw an American soldier was at Kandahar Air Base…. When I first saw myself in Kandahar, it was like I was in a cinema or a movie. I saw a 1996 movie called The Siege. The movie was about terrorists carrying out terrorist attacks in the United States…. [In the movie] the CIA and FBI were not successful in finding that terrorist group and the United States Army interfered and gathered all the people of Arabic descent and put them in a land cage or camp just like it happened in Kandahar. I was shocked, thinking, "Am I in that movie or on a stage in Hollywood?"… Sometimes I laugh at myself and say, "When does that movie end?"[13]
^ "Caught in the Middle". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-10-24.
^ "Actress Lisa Lynn Masters Of 'Gossip Girl' And 'Law & Order: SVU' Reportedly Hangs Herself In Peru". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
^ "The Siege (1998)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved June 19, 2019.
^ "CinemaScore". cinemascore.com.
^ Ebert, Roger (November 6, 1998). "The Siege Movie Review". Chicago Sun-Times. Sun-Times Media Group.
^ Wilson, John (2007). "Nineteenth Annual Razzies (1998)". The Official Razzie Movie Guide. Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 9780446510080.
^ "The Siege (1998)". Box Office Mojo. Amazon.com. Retrieved January 4, 2010.
^ a b "Muslims feel under siege from Hollywood". November 5, 1998.
^ "Islamic Council Protests Timing of 'The Siege'". Los Angeles Times. August 25, 1998. Retrieved 2010-10-24.
^ "Director Ed Zwick defends 'The Siege'". CNN NewsStand. November 10, 1998. Archived from the original on January 4, 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2010.
^ Martin, David (September 9, 2007). "Reporting The Bin Laden Beat". CBS News. Archived from the original on January 4, 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2010.
^ Hayward, Keith; Presdee, Mike (2010). Framing Crime: Cultural Criminology and the Image. Taylor & Francis. pp. 107–8. ISBN 978-0-203-88075-3.
^ Dave Gilson (2006-07-12). "Why Am I in Cuba?". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on 2006-07-19. Retrieved 2016-02-17. Detainees could respond directly to the accusations made against them and were assigned to an officer who shepherded them through the process. However, they did not have access to lawyers and often could not fully examine the government's claims, particularly if those claims were based on classified information.
Film portal
The Siege on IMDb
The Siege at Rotten Tomatoes
The Siege at Metacritic
The Siege at Box Office Mojo
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Siege&oldid=935677727"


1. The best cure for an intense aversion to the idea of ever writing anything again? Start writing.
2. Warning: This treatment may not be effective on a Friday afternoon.
3. I finished the overhaul of my first chapter that I was so absorbed with last week. I've sent it off to my critique group, and we'll see if they agree that it's looking good.
4. Returning to my revision where I left off wasn't as easy to get sucked into. But this week was kind of distracting.
5. If I were doing NaNoWriMo, I'd probably be really behind. Except that if I were doing NaNo, that in itself would keep me from falling behind.
→ Christopher Gronlund endured a really terrible movie to bring us Better Writing Through Birdemic: "Somewhere into the opening credits, which drag on and on and on and on, it hit me: people can learn some writing lessons from watching this movie mocked by the RiffTrax crew (or by watching old episodes of Mystery Science Theater 3000). The things they make fun of are the things writers shouldn't do."


For sale: Cheap typical inland rustic Andalusian village house for full reform on traditional village square¸ walking distance to amenities. Quite large with comfortably room for 5 - 6 bedrooms. Garage and spacious walled patio area at back measuring approximately 65sqm and storage rooms¸ room for pool. Less than an hour off the Costa Calida and Almeria Coast. ------------------------------- Originally 2 houses. Main house in front needs repair and modernisation. Second part of house at back of main house¸ in poor condition¸ for repair or rebuild. Needs approx. 40sqm of roof replaced. 1st floor entry hall¸ living room with fireplace¸ dining room¸ kitchen with fireplace¸ 4 bedrooms and 1 bathroom. 2nd floor kitchen with fireplace¸ roof terrace¸ large loft area with room for up to 3 bedrooms. Garage next to house and former animal pens that could be converted to spacious garden area.


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Q: How to get URL of each Post in php or dynamic website? I am going to build a wallpapers website in php. I want to get URL of each Post. if any body have answer of my question, so please post your value able answer. I waiting for you.

A: Have a look at $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], i.e.
$actual_link = "http://$_SERVER[HTTP_HOST]$_SERVER[REQUEST_URI]";

(Note that the double quoted string syntax is perfectly correct)

Editor's note: using this code has security implications. The client
  can set HTTP_HOST and REQUEST_URI to any arbitrary value it wants.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As a student at Plejd you can do a lot of things.
Please apply here and tell us about yourself!
The company culture at Plejd is built upon having a creative, inspiring and dynamic environment where we have fun together. We are firmly committed to giving our colleagues the ability to develop themselves and no matter where you are in within the organisation. Together we create an environment that inspires to create and discover.
Plejd is an innovative Swedish tech company that develops products and services for smart lighting and home automation. The company is passionate about an electricians daily life a breeze and fun by developing products and services that employs new technology the right way. Internet of Things (IoT) made right!


This is a weaving from a series Amy is making on Joy. Amy loves working with simplicity on the one spectrum and loves bringing in colour on the other; bringing in a playful, joyful and fun element to a room. She wove this after becoming a mum and Juniper, her daughter, inspired this series of weavings.


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Hospitals Update the Hated Hospital Gown
'Humiliating' garment may soon be out of style
Hospital gowns are among the most vexing parts of being in a hospital. But if efforts by some health systems are an indicator, the design may be on its way out of style, according to Kaiser Health News.
The Cleveland Clinic was an early trendsetter. In 2010, it introduced new gowns after being prompted by the CEO, who often heard patient complaints when he was a practicing heart surgeon. That feedback led to a search for something new, said Adrienne Boissy, chief experience officer at the hospital system.
The prominent academic medical center ultimately sought the help of fashion icon Diane von Furstenberg, settling on a reversible gown with a front and back V-neck, complete derriere coverage, and features such as pockets, softer fabric, and a new, bolder print pattern.
Patients "loved the gowns," Boissy said. "People felt much more comfortable in the new design, not just physically but emotionally." In recent years, she added, "hospitals are looking at everything they do and trying to evaluate whether or not it contributes to enhancing the patient experience."
It's all part of a trend among hospitals to improve patient reviews and their own bottom lines –– fueled in part by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act's focus on quality of care and other federal initiatives. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services increasingly factors patients' satisfaction into its quality measures, which are linked to the size of Medicare payments that hospitals receive.
Sometimes the efforts involve large capital improvement projects. But they can also mean making waiting rooms more comfortable, improving the quality of food served to patients, or, as in this case, updating hospital gowns.
Ultimately, this focus leads to "a better patient experience," said John Combes, senior vice president of the American Hospital Association.
The Detroit-based Henry Ford Health System is in the process of updating its gowns, an initiative that began when the system's innovation institute challenged students at the city's College for Creative Studies to identify and offer a solution to one hospital problem.
The students responded with the suggestion to redo the garment that has often been described by patients as flimsy, humiliating, indecent, and itchy. The process took 3 years, but last fall the institute unveiled a new and improved version. It's made of warmer fabric –– a cotton blend –– that wraps around a patient's body like a robe and comes in navy and light blue, the hospital's signature colors.
Patient expectations are part of the calculus. They "are demanding more privacy and more dignity," said Michael Forbes, a product designer at the Henry Ford Innovation Institute.
When the institute tested his gown design, Forbes said, patient-satisfaction scores noticeably increased in a few days.
But replacing the traditional design is no easy task. What patients wear needs to be comfortable and yet allow health professionals proper access during exams, meaning it must open and close easily. The gowns also need to be easily mass-manufactured, as well as efficiently laundered and reused.
New designs can also be expensive. After Valley Hospital in Ridgewood, N.J., switched to pajamas and gowns that provide extra coverage, costs went up $70,000 per year, said Leonard Guglielmo, the facility's chief supply-chain officer, because the new garments cost more to buy and maintain.
Beyond cost, more ingrained cultural expectations might also play a role in what hospitals think patients should wear, said Dr. Todd Lee, an assistant professor of medicine at McGill University, who co-authored a 2014 study in JAMA Internal Medicine, examining whether gowns were important and whether patients might be fine wearing their own or hospital-provided pants, instead of or along with gowns.
Often, doctors reported that pants or undergarments beneath gowns would have been okay, but patients said they were never given those options. Traditional gowns make it easier to examine patients quickly, and several doctors to whom Lee spoke seemed shocked at the idea that patients might wear garments other than the open-backed gown during their stay.
But the most common challenge isn't necessarily doctors' expectations or costs. It's navigating hospital bureaucracies, said Dusty Eber, president of the California-based company PatientStyle, which designs and sells alternative gowns. In his company's experience, hospital decisions are often made by committees, not individuals.
"There's a lot of bureaucratic runaround," Eber said.
Source: Kaiser Health News; March 31, 2015.
Starlight Children's Foundation, Niagara Cares And Scholastic Launch 2019 'My Starlight Gown' Campaign
Patient Satisfaction Surveys: Does Comfort Trump Outcomes?
Chipping Away at Antibiotic Resistance, Hideous Hospital Gowns, and Other Health Care Woes
Days Inn by Wyndham and Starlight Children's Foundation Team Up to Debut New Design-A-Gown Contest for Pediatric Hospital Patients Nationwide
The global ear syringe market at a CAGR of almost 4% during the forecast period


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Study advances understanding of rare sarcoma
Advancing the understanding of synovial sarcoma, a highly aggressive and rare cancer of young people, scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have discovered how an abnormal protein misdirects and disrupts the control of gene expression in cells, causing the aberrant activation of normally repressed genes that contribute to the malignant growth of sarcoma tumours.
The investigators, led by Cigall Kadoch, PhD, say the new insight could guide efforts to develop drugs to treat synovial sarcoma, which primarily affects muscle tissues in the extremities.
The root cause of the sarcoma is a cellular accident - the abnormal joining of two proteins, resulting in a "fusion protein" that sets in motion the malignant malfunctions.
"We have for the first time defined the molecular basis for the cancer-specific targeting properties of the culprit fusion protein, SS18-SSX, found in 100% of cases of synovial sarcoma." Kadoch said. "Importantly, this provides a powerful new therapeutic identification strategy for the drug discovery industry" to develop drugs to block the interaction between the abnormal fusion protein and nucleosomes - structures that package and organise DNA in cells, said Kadoch, senior author of the study published today in Nature Structural and Molecular Biology.
Nucleosomes, spool-like structures resembling beads on a string, make up chromatin, a term to describe DNA wrapped around proteins called histones.
Chromatin is found throughout the genome, which in humans contains an estimated 20,000 genes and much other genetic information.
Modifications in chromatin structure, carried out by protein complexes called chromatin remodellers, regulate the turning on and off of genes for cell- and tissue-specific purposes.
Malfunctions of the chromatin remodelling system have been implicated in many cancers and neurodevelopmental disorders, a major focus of the Kadoch laboratory.
In synovial sarcoma, the SS18-SSX fusion oncoprotein replaces the normal SS18 subunit, or component, in BAF chromatin remodelling complexes.
As a result, BAF chromatin remodelling complexes are "dragged around the genome to all the wrong sites" on chromatin "to aberrantly activate them and drive the gene expression and proliferation of synovial sarcoma," Kadoch and her team previously showed in a 2018 study.
These "wrong" sites, she explained, are regions on chromatin marked by polycomb repressive complexes, which normally keep genes such as stem cell genes from being expressed when not needed.
One might think of a complex traffic system in which millions of aircraft or ships normally proceed to specified destinations along specific routes - but in the case of some cancers, the targeting of these vessels is scrambled, with disastrous results.
However, this previous work had not revealed how the SS18-SSX fusion protein and BAF complexes were erroneously targeted to those repressed sites across the genome: "it was a mystery until now," Kadoch said.
In the experiments described in the new paper, Kadoch and her co-authors found that a minimal, small segment of the SS18-SSX fusion protein binds to the so-called "acidic patch" on nucleosomes.
The acidic patch is a pocket of negatively charged molecules to which chromatin remodeling complexes, such as BAF complexes, can dock. The researchers found that the small segment of SSX - which they refer to as the "tail" of the fusion protein - is made up of only 34 amino acids, but binds extremely tightly to the acidic patch.
Specifically, the SSX tail binds to the acidic patch on nucleosomes that are "decorated" with a histone modification known as ubiquitination of histone H2A (H2AK119Ub).
In fact, the tail of SSX binds so powerfully that it dislodges a BAF complex subunit known as SMARCB1 (BAF47) that normally engages the complexes on chromatin.
"These complexes are really stuck, so once they get to the site, they stay there and strongly activate those cancer-related genes," noted Kadoch.
According to the researchers, the full-length SSX protein is normally only active in the testes, where it likely plays a role in sperm development.
But when a part of the SSX protein is fused with the BAF complex SS18 subunit (via the characteristic t(X;18) chromosomal translocation in synovial sarcoma), it prompts an "unfortunate scenario" that leads to the remodelling or opening of chromatin over the regions where the SSX tail guides BAF complexes via the acidic patch, causing the activation of cancer-related genes
With these new insights into how the oncogenic fusion protein targets BAF chromatin remodelling complexes on the genome leading to activation of synovial sarcoma-related genes, said Kadoch, "these results suggest that inhibition of the interactions between SS18-SSX-bound BAF complexes and H2AK119Ub -marked nucleosomes using small molecules or peptides may prove a viable therapeutic strategy for synovial sarcoma."
Source: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
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Home for sale at 45 Copperstone Cove Se Calgary, AB T2Z 0L3.
Description: The home at 45 Copperstone Cove Se Calgary, AB T2Z 0L3 with the MLS Number C4225587 is currently listed at $316,000 and has been on the Calgary market for 71 days.
You are viewing the MLS property details of the home for sale at 45 Copperstone Cove Se Calgary, AB T2Z 0L3, which includes 2 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms and has approximately 1611 sq.ft. of living area.


Our award winning audiobooks have been thrilling listeners for over two decades. You'll find us in Costco, Sam's, Barnes & Noble, Audible.com, Amazon, PlayAway, Libraries, Museums and Gift Shops. We research, write, produce and manufacture our own content. Explore our website. You'll be amazed with the accuracy of our historic content and get lost within the soundtracks from America's past.
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Winter Sports Tryouts to Begin 2/16
Feb 11, 2021 | Athletics, High School
In anticipation of Columbia County reaching a seven-day rolling average positivity rate of 4% or less, we would like to make sure our student athletes who plan on trying out for a winter sports team are signed up.
Pending approval from the Columbia County Department of Health (DOH), the District Medical Director, and the Hudson City School District Board of Education, our limited Winter Season will offer JV and Varsity Girls/Boys Basketball and Varsity Boys Volleyball. Unfortunately, we are unable to offer Modified sports and Cheerleading this season due to a lack of officials and/or gym availability resulting from the safety precautions that must be taken before, during, and after each team practice/game.
For the above sports to begin, the DOH requires that the County's seven-day rolling average positivity rate be at or below 4 percent. As of February 8th, the County's COVID-19 seven-day rolling average has dropped to 4.3% and could be at the 4% rate in the near future.
A Sport-Specific Preparedness Plan for High-Risk Sports will be presented to the Board of Education on Tuesday, February 16th. Once the County's seven-day rolling average positivity rate reaches 4% or below, and pending approval from the HCSD Medical Director and Board of Education, we can begin tryouts for JV and Varsity Girls/Boys Basketball and Varsity Boys Volleyball.
How will I know when tryouts are?
Once we hit the 4% threshold, a notice stating the time and place of tryouts along with the required health and safety procedures will be sent by email and posted on the District website (www.hudsoncsd.org/athletics), Hudson High School and Hudson Athletics Facebook pages. Coaches will also reach out to those who have signed up. We anticipate the Plan to be approved by the Board of Education on February 16th if the rolling average is 4% or below, therefore we can begin tryouts on Tuesday, February 16th (please note this date is during winter recess). Again, coaches will contact those who have signed up directly. The limited season would run through March 13th.
What are the safety protocols?
Masks/face coverings must be worn whenever possible and daily health screenings will continue. Only a limited number of athletes will be allowed in locker rooms at a time. Additionally, all student athletes will be required to receive a rapid test once a week in accordance with Columbia County Department of Health guidelines. Please see the attached forms (there are three) and return the signed forms when tryouts begin:
COVID-19 Acknowledgement and Assumption of Risk
Parental Consent for Testing
Student Pledge
The complete Sport-Specific Preparedness Plan for High-Risk Sports will be posted on our website after it is approved.
How do I sign up for a winter sport?
If you have not already signed up for a winter sport and you would like to try out for JV/Varsity Girls/Boys Basketball or Varsity Boys Volleyball, please complete the Basketball and Volleyball Sign-up Form.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me via email at reardond@hudsoncsd.org.
Derek W. Reardon


Bed-and-breakfast in a sunny, central location, close to the center of town, the trainstation, cross-country ski tracks and bus-stops. All rooms with balcony and a beautiful view of the Tyrolean mountains. Private parking. Bed-and-breakfast for non-smoking guests. Free WiFi available!


Direct from a sell-out Adelaide Cabaret Festival season, A Migrant's Son explores one of the most colourful times in Australian history, the arrival of the Greeks! Brought to life through original compositions, live band & a community choir led by Carol Young, this unique & touching account is both hard-hitting & hilarious.
Described by Kate Ceberano as 'an asset to the cabaret community', Michaela Burger is the recipient of the award for Best Cabaret Adelaide Fringe 2016, winner 2015 International Cabaret Contest and has been nominated for a Helpmann Academy Award for Best Cabaret Performer 2016. In addition to touring extensively with her hit show Exposing Edith (the life and songs of Edith Piaf), her most recent performing credits include Can You Hear Colour? (Patch Theatre/2018 Adelaide Festival), Rumpelstiltskin (State Theatre SA/Windmill Co.) and Brel: The Immortal Troubadour (2017 Adelaide Cabaret Festival).


Published at Wednesday, February 20th, 2019 - 01:22:55 AM. Bridal Shower Invitations. By Bobine Allocca.
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Leicester Research Archive: Urban residence, victimhood and the appraisal of personal safety in people with schizophrenia: results from the European Schizophrenia Cohort (EuroSC).
Title: Urban residence, victimhood and the appraisal of personal safety in people with schizophrenia: results from the European Schizophrenia Cohort (EuroSC).
Abstract: Patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk of being victims of violent and non-violent crimes. We have determined how the experience of crime and subjective feelings of safety differ between urban and rural residential areas.


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Риббинг - фамилия:

 Риббинг, Катарина Шарлотта (1720—1787) — шведская общественный деятель и филантроп.
 Риббинг, Софи (1835—1894) — шведская художница.

См. также
 Риддинг
 Реддинг


My honey and I recently returned from a much-needed vacation in Puerto Rico. We left in search of blistering sunshine and made a pact that we would not, in any way, muddle our sub-tropical getaway by talking (or thinking, for that matter) about work.
No e-mail, no Facebook, no TV, no magazines. I had prematurely convinced myself that, beyond the obvious turista zones, la Boriken would be all isolated tropical beaches, frosty bebidas and rolling hills. It wouldn't be conducive to any sort of research.
I was missing the forethought that a reasonable chunk of Puerto Rico's economy relies on tourism (der), and has since the late 1940s, when many U.S. companies set up in Puerto Rico because of cheap labor and duty-free imports. Not only are the island's metro areas completely saturated with standard out-of-towner souvenir crap (made in China!), but a short jaunt on HWY 52 proves that certain U.S. brands are booming in Puerto Rico.
Case in point: At the rental car lot, we asked the agent for directions to our hotel. His route referenced three separate Burger King "restaurants" as landmarks along the ten-minute drive. We laughed, he did not.
He wasn't joking. In just a few miles, we indeed spotted three BK's — and a handful of other chains along the way. Massive signs stuck out from behind palm trees and blocked the Isla Verde skyline. We were in metro San Juan, near the airport and one of the largest harbors in the Caribbean, so at first it didn't seem out of the ordinary. But then we traveled southwest to some of the oldest municipalities on the island, and BK followed us. As we cooed at the picturesque hills and Caribbean sunlight, our view was blocked by towering billboards. Even in the sleepy colonial city where we spent the night, BK occupied a storefront on a historical plaza directly across the road from a 17th-century cathedral.
This seemed ludicrous, so I did some flat-footing once we got back to the mainland. In 1963, a company called Caribbean Restaurants, LLC jumped on the economic boom spurred by Operation Bootstrap in the late '40s (shifting labor to manufacturing and tourism) and brought the first Burger King to the island. Currently, the same company operates about 165 of the 172 BK restaurants in Puerto Rico.
That number doesn't sound like much until you realize that Puerto Rico is smaller than the Detroit metro area. You'd think that the sheer volume of chain restaurants would negate the need for excessive advertising. In this case, you would be wrong — for every fast food joint, there were a handful of billboards.
In the states, BK's ads (by firm Crispin Porter + Bogusky) have managed to stir up a lot of controversy for the family-friendly burger chain. CP+B's tongue-in-cheek TV ads for the flame-broiled giant are typically sexual in nature — most notably this grosser, promoting a hoagie-style sandwich. More recently, they found themselves under scrutiny from Mexican officials for this series that some feel defamed the Mexican flag. The BK advertising approach is slightly more benign in Puerto Rico, though. Even the use of the eerie,glossy-faced mascot is minimal. The assumption, it seems, is that salaciousness need not be employed to sell burgers – they sell themselves.
Puerto Rico is one of the largest fast food markets in the Americas, but it holds no specific target demographic. The majority of the workforce is full time and many families are single-parent, leaving little time to cook. The birth rate is also relatively low, so teens make up only a small portion of the demographic and ads have to translate well across age gaps. Income is low, and the island has a staggering number of unemployed — the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that as of December 2009, Puerto Rico's unemployment rate was more than 14 percent. (Its adult obesity rate is also more than 64 percent, according to the Kaiser Foundation.) The common thread across the population — limited time and even more limited funds.
And BK knows it, of course. Instead of the overt, humorous and glossy ads that dominate U.S. markets, Puerto Rico's ads opt for slick fonts and wholesome graphics to keep a hip edge for the kids without alienating the blue hairs. They highlight the extreme convenience of giant chains — a variety of options for breakfast, lunch and dinner in one easy location. Low dollar amounts jump out from behind steaming burgers, piled high with all the fixings, insisting that the megachain will offer more bang — or in this case more burger — for your buck.
It seems dangerous. Even in the middle of paradise, the almighty American burger reigns supreme.


A Big Thank You to Ken and Pat Musson and the Brooks family for a wonderful 45th annual meet at the 45th parallel, July 2018!
Started in 1973, the REO Club of America is dedicated to the preservation and restoration of the cars and trucks of the REO Motor Car Company.
The club has grown to over 700 members from the United States, Canada, Mexico, as well as, 16 countries around the world.
A benefit of belonging to the REO Club of America is access to our Members Only area of the website which includes past issues of the REO Echo, our club newsletter, access to the Membership Directory which includes experts in various eras of the REO, access to mechanics manuals pertinent to the vehicles and many other benefits. Please consider joining for modest annual dues to gain access to all this valuable information.


The K&N 69-5308TS Air Intake fits some Kia Soul models. See vehicle applications link for details.
The K&N 69-5308TS Typhoon air intake system is a free-flowing, mandrel-bent aluminum tube air induction system designed to fit some KIA Soul models. The restrictive factory air filter and air intake housing are replaced by the K&N Typhoon air intake which is designed to dramatically reduce air flow restriction as it smoothes and straightens air flow. This allows your engine to inhale a larger amount of air than the factory air intake. More air means more usable power and acceleration throughout the engine's RPM range. The 69-5308TS air intake comes with a black rubber topped K&N high-flow air filter, heat shield and replacement fresh air intake scoop that installs into the previous air box space. Air is directed through the intake tube into the engine's throttle body for a guaranteed power gain. The intake tube has an attractive silver powder-coat finish that's made to last and it accommodates a replacement silicone crank case vent hose. The oversized cone shaped air filter can be used for up to 100,000 miles before servicing is needed depending on driving conditions. This air intake is relatively easy to install usually in 90 minutes or less using existing factory mounting points. The tools needed are a couple of screwdrivers, pliers, a ratchet set and some wrenches. Some Typhoon air intakes are not legal for sale or use in California and other states adopting California emission standards while others are CARB exempt and 50 state legal. Check the K&N catalog or website for vehicle applications and specific CARB status for each vehicle and air intake.
Gives a nice engine sound when your foot is in the throttle. Noticed a little gain in mpg but like the engine sound more so mpg is relative. Was easy to install, about 30 min. Overall I would highly recommend.
I previously had the K&N Air Filter which gave it a little boost. I upgraded to the Air Intake and it was well worth cash. The car has more power and it sounds more beefy. Next step will be a performance exhaust.


text:
Q: Time profiling C program with OSX Instruments 7.2 I am using OSX El Capitan and Instruments 7.2. I want to time profile a very simple C program, just to get around Instruments environment.
As you can see in the picture attached, for some reason, Instruments provides information regarding the inner OS functions, but no information regarding the functions I used in my program, nor reference to the source code of the program.
This is the C code:
#include <stdio.h>

int foo();
int bar();
int main()
{
    foo();
    return 0;
}

int foo()
{
    bar();
    return 0;
 }

int bar()
{
    return 0;
}

Complied using:
gcc -g -Wall 123.c -o 123
Instruments

A: Fortunately, playing around with Instruments I found a way to overcome this issue. Simply by pressing on the Display Settings icon (looks like a mechanical wheel) on the right pane.
This open ups a window with a data mining table, there, any function that appears as "charged" or "pruned" can be restored back to the Call Tree view.
Once main was restored to Call Tree view, foo & bar appeared also, along with the matching source code.


JFrog Artifactory Package Viewer offers a package-centric UI that makes it easier to find and view the details of packages of a specific type. The Package Viewer currently supports Docker images (available from version 5.10) and npm registries (available from version 6.4). Forthcoming versions will add support for additional package formats until all formats supported by Artifactory are available in the Package Viewer.
The Package Viewer is available by selecting the Packages module in the left navigation bar.
The Package Viewer is initially displayed empty. To search for packages, select the type of package you are looking for from the drop list (currently only Docker images and NPM packages are supported), and provide a search term. Note you can use the '?' and '*' wildcards in the same way they are used in Artifactory's Search module. The Package Viewer will display all packages that match your search term from all repositories that you have permissions to view.
The Package Viewer only supports Docker V2 images and tags. Docker V1 images and tags will not be returned for any search in the Package Viewer.
The search results displays basic information such as the repositories in which each package found is hosted, the number of times it has been downloaded, last update and other package type-specific information. For example, in the case above, we see the number of tags associated with the Docker image found.
Click the repository name displayed to see the full list of repositories in which the package is found.
You can now click an entry and drill down to view further details about the selected package.
The Package Details view is divided into two main panels. The panel on the top provides summary information including total number of downloads over all repositories in which the package is found, and when the package was last modified in any of those repositories.
The lower panel lists all instances of the package along with data about that specific instance. Package type-specific information may also be available. For example, for Docker images, you may click an icon to view the Docker manifest for the selected image.
Depending on the package format, you may be able to click a specific instance of a package to drill down even further. For example, in the case of a Docker image, you can click one of the tags found to view the layers that make up the selected tag.
Data from JFrog Xray can also be displayed from within the package viewer. Click the toggle button to get data about security and license violations from Xray about the selected package and all of its versions.
This view exposes license and security violations data, detected by Xray, that's specific to the selected package, enabling you to choose the right packages and version you would like to use.


text:
National flag of Canada
Canadians (French: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Canadian.
Canada is a multilingual and multicultural society home to people of many different ethnic, religious, and national origins, with the majority of the population made up of Old World immigrants and their descendants. Following the initial period of French and then the much larger British colonization, different waves (or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-indigenous peoples took place over the course of nearly two centuries and continue today. Elements of Indigenous, French, British, and more recent immigrant customs, languages, and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada, and thus a Canadian identity. Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic, and economic neighbour—the United States.
Canadian independence from the United Kingdom grew gradually over the course of many years since the formation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867. World War I and World War II in particular, gave rise to a desire among Canadians to have their country recognized as a fully-fledged sovereign state with a distinct citizenship. Legislative independence was established with the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Canadian Citizenship Act of 1946 took effect on January 1, 1947, and full sovereignty was achieved with the patriation of the constitution in 1982. Canada's nationality law closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom. Legislation since the mid-20th century represents Canadians' commitment to multilateralism and socioeconomic development.
As of 2010, Canadians make up only 0.5% of the world's total population,[9] having relied upon immigration for population growth and social development.[10] Approximately 41% of current Canadians are first- or second-generation immigrants,[11] and 20% of Canadian residents in the 2000s were not born in the country.[12] Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, nearly one-half of Canadians above the age of 15 will be foreign-born or have one foreign-born parent.[13] Indigenous peoples, according to the 2011 Canadian Census, numbered at 1,400,685 or 4.3% of the country's 33,476,688 population.[14]
While the first contact with Europeans and indigenous peoples in Canada had occurred a century or more before, the first group of permanent settlers were the French, who founded the New France settlements, in present-day Quebec and Ontario; and Acadia, in present-day Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, during the early part of the 17th century.[15][16]
Approximately 100 Irish-born families would settle the Saint Lawrence Valley by 1700, assimilating into the Canadien population and culture.[17][18] During the 18th and 19th century; immigration westward (to the area known as Rupert's Land) was carried out by "Voyageurs"; French settlers working for the North West Company; and by British settlers (English and Scottish) representing the Hudson's Bay Company, coupled with independent entrepreneurial woodsman called "Coureur des bois".[19] This arrival of newcomers led to the creation of the Métis, an ethnic group of mixed European and First Nations parentage.[20]
The British conquest of New France was preceded by a small number of Germans and Swedes who settled alongside the Scottish in Port Royal, Nova Scotia,[21] while some Irish immigrated to the Colony of Newfoundland.[22] In the wake of the British Conquest of 1760 and the Expulsion of the Acadians, many families from the British colonies in New England moved over into Nova Scotia and other colonies in Canada, where the British made farmland available to British settlers on easy terms. More settlers arrived during and after the American Revolutionary War, when approximately 60,000 United Empire Loyalists fled to British North America, a large portion of whom settled in New Brunswick.[23] After the War of 1812, British (including British army regulars), Scottish, and Irish immigration was encouraged throughout Rupert's Land, Upper Canada and Lower Canada.[24]
Between 1815 and 1850, some 800,000 immigrants came to the colonies of British North America, mainly from the British Isles as part of the Great Migration of Canada.[25] These new arrivals included some Gaelic-speaking Highland Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances to Nova Scotia.[26] The Irish Potato Famine of the 1840s significantly increased the pace of Irish immigration to Prince Edward Island and the Province of Canada, with over 35,000 distressed individuals landing in Toronto in 1847 and 1848.[27][28] Descendants of Francophone and Anglophone northern Europeans who arrived in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries are often referred to as Old Stock Canadians.[29][30]
Beginning in the late 1850s, the immigration of Chinese into the Colony of Vancouver Island and Colony of British Columbia peaked with the onset of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush.[31] The Chinese Immigration Act eventually placed a head tax on all Chinese immigrants, in hopes of discouraging Chinese immigration after completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway.[32]
The population of Canada has consistently risen, doubling approximately every 40 years, since the establishment of the Canadian Confederation in 1867.[34] In the mid-to-late 19th century, Canada had a policy of assisting immigrants from Europe, including an estimated 100,000 unwanted "Home Children" from Britain.[35] Block settlement communities were established throughout western Canada between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Some were planned and others were spontaneously created by the settlers themselves.[36] Canada was now receiving a large number of European immigrants, predominantly Italians, Germans, Scandinavians, Dutch, Poles, and Ukrainians.[37] Legislative restrictions on immigration (such as the Continuous journey regulation and Chinese Immigration Act) that had favoured British and other European immigrants were amended in the 1960s, opening the doors to immigrants from all parts of the world.[38] While the 1950s had still seen high levels of immigration by Europeans, by the 1970s immigrants were increasingly Chinese, Indian, Vietnamese, Jamaican, and Haitian.[39] During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Canada received many American Vietnam War draft dissenters.[40] Throughout the late 1980s and 1990s, Canada's growing Pacific trade brought with it a large influx of South Asians, who tended to settle in British Columbia.[41] Immigrants of all backgrounds tend to settle in the major urban centres.[42][43] The Canadian public, as well as the major political parties, are tolerant of immigrants.[44]
The majority of illegal immigrants come from the southern provinces of the People's Republic of China, with Asia as a whole, Eastern Europe, Caribbean, Africa, and the Middle East.[45] Estimates of numbers of illegal immigrants range between 35,000 and 120,000.[46]
Canadian citizenship is typically obtained by birth in Canada or by birth or adoption abroad when at least one biological parent or adoptive parent is a Canadian citizen who was born in Canada or naturalized in Canada (and did not receive citizenship by being born outside of Canada to a Canadian citizen).[47] It can also be granted to a permanent resident who lives in Canada for three out of four years and meets specific requirements.[48] Canada established its own nationality law in 1946, with the enactment of the Canadian Citizenship Act which took effect on January 1, 1947.[49] The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act was passed by the Parliament of Canada in 2001 as Bill C-11, which replaced the Immigration Act of 1976 as the primary federal legislation regulating immigration.[50] Prior to the conferring of legal status on Canadian citizenship, Canada's naturalization laws consisted of a multitude of Acts beginning with the Immigration Act of 1910.[51]
According to Citizenship and Immigration Canada, there are three main classifications for immigrants: Family class (persons closely related to Canadian residents), Economic class (admitted on the basis of a point system that accounts for age, health and labour-market skills required for cost effectively inducting the immigrants into Canada's labour market) and Refugee class (those seeking protection by applying to remain in the country by way of the Canadian immigration and refugee law).[52] In 2008, there were 65,567 immigrants in the family class, 21,860 refugees, and 149,072 economic immigrants amongst the 247,243 total immigrants to the country.[11] Canada resettles over one in 10 of the world's refugees[53] and has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world.[54]
As of a 2010 report by the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, there were 2.8 million Canadian citizens abroad.[55] This represents about 8% of the total Canadian population. Of those living abroad, the United States, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, Taiwan, China, Lebanon, United Arab Emirates, and Australia have the largest Canadian diaspora. Canadians in the United States constitute the greatest single expatriate community at over 1 million in 2009, representing 35.8% of all Canadians abroad.[56] Under current Canadian law, Canada does not restrict dual citizenship, but Passport Canada encourages its citizens to travel abroad on their Canadian passport so that they can access Canadian consular services.[57]
According to the 2016 census, the country's largest self-reported ethnic origin is Canadian (accounting for 32% of the population),[1] followed by English (18.3%), Scottish (13.9%), French (13.6%), Irish (13.4%), German (9.6%), Chinese (5.1%), Italian (4.6%), First Nations (4.4%), Indian (4.0%), and Ukrainian (3.9%).[59] There are 600 recognized First Nations governments or bands, encompassing a total of 1,525,565 people.[60] Canada's indigenous population is growing at almost twice the national rate, and four percent of Canada's population claimed an indigenous identity in 2006. Another 22.3 percent of the population belonged to a non-indigenous visible minority.[61] In 2016, the largest visible minority groups were South Asian (5.6%), Chinese (5.1%), and Black (3.5%).[61] Between 2011 and 2016, the visible minority population rose by 18.4 percent.[61] In 1961, less than two percent of Canada's population (about 300,000 people) were members of visible minority groups.[62] Indigenous peoples are not considered a visible minority under the Employment Equity Act,[63] and this is the definition that Statistics Canada also uses.
Canadian culture is primarily a Western culture, with influences by First Nations and other cultures. It is a product of its ethnicities, languages, religions, political, and legal system(s). Canada has been shaped by waves of migration that have combined to form a unique blend of art, cuisine, literature, humour, and music.[64] Today, Canada has a diverse makeup of nationalities and constitutional protection for policies that promote multiculturalism rather than cultural assimilation.[65] In Quebec, cultural identity is strong, and many French-speaking commentators speak of a Quebec culture distinct from English Canadian culture.[66] However, as a whole, Canada is a cultural mosaic: a collection of several regional, indigenous, and ethnic subcultures.[67][68]
Canadian government policies such as official bilingualism; publicly funded health care; higher and more progressive taxation; outlawing capital punishment; strong efforts to eliminate poverty; strict gun control; the legalizing of same-sex marriage, pregnancy terminations, euthanasia and cannabis are social indicators of Canada's political and cultural values.[69][70] American media and entertainment are popular, if not dominant, in English Canada; conversely, many Canadian cultural products and entertainers are successful in the United States and worldwide.[71] The Government of Canada has also influenced culture with programs, laws, and institutions. It has created Crown corporations to promote Canadian culture through media and has also tried to protect Canadian culture by setting legal minimums on Canadian content.[72]
Canadian culture has historically been influenced by European culture and traditions, especially British and French, and by its own indigenous cultures. Most of Canada's territory was inhabited and developed later than other European colonies in the Americas, with the result that themes and symbols of pioneers, trappers, and traders were important in the early development of the Canadian identity.[73] First Nations played a critical part in the development of European colonies in Canada, particularly for their role in assisting exploration of the continent during the North American fur trade.[74] The British conquest of New France in the mid-1700s brought a large Francophone population under British Imperial rule, creating a need for compromise and accommodation.[75] The new British rulers left alone much of the religious, political, and social culture of the French-speaking habitants, guaranteeing through the Quebec Act of 1774 the right of the Canadiens to practise the Catholic faith and to use French civil law (now Quebec law).[76]
The Constitution Act, 1867 was designed to meet the growing calls of Canadians for autonomy from British rule, while avoiding the overly strong decentralization that contributed to the Civil War in the United States.[77] The compromises made by the Fathers of Confederation set Canadians on a path to bilingualism, and this in turn contributed to an acceptance of diversity.[78][79]
The Canadian Forces and overall civilian participation in the First World War and Second World War helped to foster Canadian nationalism,[80][81] however, in 1917 and 1944, conscription crisis' highlighted the considerable rift along ethnic lines between Anglophones and Francophones.[82] As a result of the First and Second World Wars, the Government of Canada became more assertive and less deferential to British authority.[83] With the gradual loosening of political ties to the United Kingdom and the modernization of Canadian immigration policies, 20th-century immigrants with African, Caribbean and Asian nationalities have added to the Canadian identity and its culture.[84] The multiple-origins immigration pattern continues today, with the arrival of large numbers of immigrants from non-British or non-French backgrounds.[85]
Multiculturalism in Canada was adopted as the official policy of the government during the premiership of Pierre Trudeau in the 1970s and 1980s.[86] The Canadian government has often been described as the instigator of multicultural ideology, because of its public emphasis on the social importance of immigration.[87] Multiculturalism is administered by the Department of Citizenship and Immigration and reflected in the law through the Canadian Multiculturalism Act[88] and section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.[89]
Canada as a nation is religiously diverse, encompassing a wide range of groups, beliefs and customs.[91] The preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms references "God", and the monarch carries the title of "Defender of the Faith".[92] However, Canada has no official religion, and support for religious pluralism (Freedom of religion in Canada) is an important part of Canada's political culture.[93][94] With the role of Christianity in decline, it having once been central and integral to Canadian culture and daily life,[95] commentators have suggested that Canada has come to enter a post-Christian period in a secular state,[96][97] with irreligion on the rise.[98] The majority of Canadians consider religion to be unimportant in their daily lives, but still believe in God.[99] The practice of religion is now generally considered a private matter throughout society and within the state.[100]
The 2011 Canadian census reported that 67.3% of Canadians identify as being Christians; of this number, Catholics make up the largest group, accounting for 38.7 percent of the population.[90] The largest Protestant denomination is the United Church of Canada (accounting for 6.1% of Canadians); followed by Anglicans (5.0%), and Baptists (1.9%).[90] About 23.9% of Canadians declare no religious affiliation, including agnostics, atheists, humanists, and other groups.[90] The remaining are affiliated with non-Christian religions, the largest of which is Islam (3.2%), followed by Hinduism (1.5%), Sikhism (1.4%), Buddhism (1.1%), and Judaism (1.0%).[90]
Before the arrival of European colonists and explorers, First Nations followed a wide array of mostly animistic religions.[101] During the colonial period, the French settled along the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, specifically Latin Rite Roman Catholics, including a number of Jesuits dedicated to converting indigenous peoples; an effort that eventually proved successful.[102] The first large Protestant communities were formed in the Maritimes after the British conquest of New France, followed by American Protestant settlers displaced by the American Revolution.[103] The late nineteenth century saw the beginning of a substantive shift in Canadian immigration patterns. Large numbers of Irish and southern European immigrants were creating new Roman Catholic communities in English Canada.[22] The settlement of the west brought significant Eastern Orthodox immigrants from Eastern Europe and Mormon and Pentecostal immigrants from the United States.[104]
The earliest documentation of Jewish presence in Canada occurs in the 1754 British Army records from the French and Indian War.[105] In 1760, General Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst attacked and won Montreal for the British. In his regiment there were several Jews, including four among his officer corps, most notably Lieutenant Aaron Hart who is considered the father of Canadian Jewry.[105] The Islamic, Jains, Sikh, Hindu, and Buddhist communities—although small—are as old as the nation itself. The 1871 Canadian Census (first "Canadian" national census) indicated thirteen Muslims among the populace,[106] with approximately 5000 Sikh by 1908.[107] The first Canadian mosque was constructed in Edmonton, in 1938, when there were approximately 700 Muslims in Canada.[108] Buddhism first arrived in Canada when Japanese immigrated during the late 19th century.[109] The first Japanese Buddhist temple in Canada was built in Vancouver in 1905.[110] The influx of immigrants in the late 20th century, with Sri Lankan, Japanese, Indian and Southeast Asian customs, has contributed to the recent expansion of the Jain, Sikh, Hindu, and Buddhist communities.[111]
A multitude of languages are used by Canadians, with English and French (the official languages) being the mother tongues of approximately 56% and 21% of Canadians, respectively.[113] As of the 2016 Census, just over 7.3 million Canadians listed a non-official language as their mother tongue. Some of the most common non-official first languages include Chinese (1,227,680 first-language speakers), Punjabi (501,680), Spanish (458,850), Tagalog (431,385), Arabic (419,895), German (384,040), and Italian (375,645).[113] Less than one percent of Canadians (just over 250,000 individuals) can speak an indigenous language. About half this number (129,865) reported using an indigenous language on a daily basis.[114] Additionally, Canadians speak several sign languages; the number of speakers is unknown of the most spoken ones, American Sign Language (ASL) and Quebec Sign Language (LSQ),[115] as it is of Maritime Sign Language and Plains Sign Talk.[116] There are only 47 speakers of the Inuit sign language Inuiuuk.[117]
English and French are recognized by the Constitution of Canada as official languages.[118] All federal government laws are thus enacted in both English and French, with government services available in both languages.[118] Two of Canada's territories give official status to indigenous languages. In Nunavut, Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun are official languages, alongside the national languages of English and French, and Inuktitut is a common vehicular language in territorial government.[119] In the Northwest Territories, the Official Languages Act declares that there are eleven different languages: Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, and Tłįchǫ.[120] Multicultural media are widely accessible across the country and offer specialty television channels, newspapers, and other publications in many minority languages.[121]
In Canada, as elsewhere in the world of European colonies, the frontier of European exploration and settlement tended to be a linguistically diverse and fluid place, as cultures using different languages met and interacted. The need for a common means of communication between the indigenous inhabitants and new arrivals for the purposes of trade, and (in some cases) intermarriage, led to the development of Mixed languages.[122] Languages like Michif, Chinook Jargon, and Bungi creole tended to be highly localized and were often spoken by only a small number of individuals who were frequently capable of speaking another language.[123] Plains Sign Talk—which functioned originally as a trade language used to communicate internationally and across linguistic borders—reached across Canada, the United States, and into Mexico.[124]
Demographics of Canada
List of Canadians
Persons of National Historic Significance
List of Prime Ministers of Canada
Canada – Wikipedia book