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ప్రత్యేకం!65
ఎస్తెటిక్ రెల్మ్స్ ఎ జర్నీ38
యానిమల్ వరల్డ్: మా సహ నివాసులు58
బ్రేతెరియానిస్మ్4
వినోదభరితమైన వినోదం105
దేశాల్లో అనుకూల మార్పులు0
షైనింగ్ వరల్డ్ అవార్డ్స్8
మన చుట్టూ ఉన్న ప్రపంచం1
Warming Planet and Sea Level Rise – Part 2 of 2
"Clear Skies Ahead!" The Global Effort Toward a Smog-Free Society
Traveling to China 's capital Beijing is exciting! The Forbidden City, the Great Wall, and Tiananmen Square are among the many great spots for sightseeing! But, more frequent than ever, people in Beijing are having difficulty seeing beyond 50 meters. What causes this low visibility? It's smog, a kind of air pollution that contains a mixture of fog and smoke particles.
Permaculture in a Guatemalan Farm
Today, we visit Atitlan Organics, an organic farm on the outskirts of Tzununa, Guatemalan, where Shad Qudsi and his partner, Colleen Donovan, have established a completely "off the grid," zero waste, permaculture farming operation. Cultivating more than 200 different types of plants, they grow their own food, operate a profitable organic market garden, run a "farm to table" restaurant, and offer courses in permaculture.
The Alarming Impact of Climate Change on our Oceans
Professor Dr. Mojib Latif, a climatologist and a Head of Research, Marine Meteorology, at the GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel in Germany, one of the world's leading institutes in marine sciences. This edition Dr. Latif will explain how climate and human activities are severely damaging the world's oceans.
Stone Village: A Model of Biocultural Heritage Conservation
Today we present the inspiring story of Stone Village, a mountainous community located in the upper reaches of the Yangzi River in Yunnan province, southwest China. Home to 220 Naxi ethnic families, Stone Village is a shining example of bio-cultural heritage preservation.
Animal Agriculture's Generation of Deadly Black Carbon
We examine the effects of the short-lived climate forcer, Black Carbon, in ice masses and planetary warming, and the role that animal agriculture and deforestation for livestock raising play in intensifying Black Carbon's impact. Black Carbon, also known as soot, is a powerful warming agent that originates from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, diesel exhaust, inefficient cook stoves mainly used in developing countries burning biomass such as dried dung, wood, brush, or crop residue as fuel, and the clearing forests and savannas with fire.
Indigenous Peoples: Guardians of Mother Earth, Part 1 of 2
How can you buy or sell the sky, the warmth of the land? The idea is strange to us. If we do not own the freshness of the air and the sparkle of the water, how can you buy them? Every part of the Earth is sacred to my people. Every shining pine needle, every sandy shore, every mist in the dark woods, every clear and humming insect is holy in the memory and experience of my people. The perfumed flowers are our sisters, the deer, the horse, the great eagle, these are our brothers. The rocky crests, the juices in the meadows, the body heat of the pony, and the man, all belong to the same family.
April 22nd was "Earth Day," an annual event observed worldwide to demonstrate humanity's unity in protecting our planet's environment. The theme of Earth Day 2018 is "End Plastic Pollution." Since the beginning of Earth's history, indigenous people have been the caretakers of the planet and made every day "Earth Day" by protecting the soil, water, plants and animals. Our ancestors were true ecologists with centuries of knowledge about environmental care and skillful conservation practices that have been passed down from generation to generation.
Climate Change, a "Code Red" Global Emergency - Part 1 of 3
A paper published in 2012 by 22 scientists started off by saying, "Humans now dominate the Earth changing it in ways that threaten its abilities to sustain us and other species." 22 scientists! Very impressive. I think that from what I'm seeing, we could say that Mother Earth is facing a real risk of death now. And we need to put her into intensive emergency care, just like any doctor or nurse would for any critical patient. She is very sick. And her emergency first responders, the paramedics in this analogy, could be each and every one of the seven billion people on the planet.
Climate Change, a "Code Red" Global Emergency, Part 2 of 3
With renowned climate change expert Dr. Peter Carter, a Canadian physician who has devoted more than a decade to studying and monitoring the devastating effects of global warming on our planet. Our living planet is being destroyed by constant pollution the worst of all being atmospheric greenhouse gas pollution-the devastating outcomes of unchecked global warming. Supreme Master Ching Hai urgently advised them to implement Vegan Law as the solution to mitigate global warming.
Climate change mobilization, works together in response to this great Earth Emergency. To the plant-based diet, which is the healthiest one for us and essential for our children's planet. A great way of saying,stop carbon dioxide emissions. Convert fossil fuel energy to 100-percent everlasting of greenhouse gases is our modern agriculture. And that is for the governments; Instead of subsidizing the fossil fuel industries, the livestock and dairy industries, renewable-energy development not the others. To subsidize organic regenerative agriculture.
Global Sustainability: The Future of Earth Rests in Our Hands, Part 1 of 2
With our ever-growing population and our rapid technological advances, a period in which the activities, human beings are beginning to significantly impact the earth's ecosystems. Featuring world renowned global sustainable scientist, speaker and author, Dr. Johan Rockstrom explains the danger of this situation, and why we need to shift the way we think about our world. We have actually, just in five decades, transitioned from being a relatively small world on a big planet. Now the challenge, is to tip over into the similar exponential journey.
Over the last 50 years, we've actually exponentially moved in the wrong direction, for the last ten thousand years. But equally, that what we do over the next 50 years will determine our outcome for the next ten thousand years. As Dr.Rockstrom shares his insights on how we can restore the health of our precious planet. That we need to peak emissions of greenhouse gases no later than 2020. Must take us to a net zero carbon economy by mid-century. Let's hope we do so.
Treasured Oceans: What We Can Do to End Fish Depletion and Coral Bleaching, Part 1 of 2
With Ms. Narantuya Davaa, an environmental consultant from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, the purpose is to raise the public's awareness that the oceans are vital to humanity and share ways, we all can help safeguard this precious resource. Over the years, cause devastating damage to the natural habitat and ecological balance of the oceans, and destroyed coral reef ecosystems. In addition to overfishing and warming sea temperatures, ocean acidification adds to the detrimental effects. The real driving force behind overfishing is the demand for fish as food. Switching to an organic plant-based diet, is the foremost solution that will save our oceans.
Coral reefs are the Earth's most biodiverse and productive ecosystems. Coral reefs also provide natural protection from sea waves and hurricanes. Despite their importance, coral reefs are declining at an unprecedented rate. Explore the actions needed to save the corals, and ultimately,the oceans. Supreme Master Ching Hai warned: "There are many factors that affect coral reefs, global warming is the greatest threat." The fastest way to end the root cause of global warming is an organic plant-based diet.
Enhancing Agriculture, Soil and Forest Management Across the Globe, Part 1 of 3
For Africa, as it is the second most populous continent in the world. And, despite being the world's second largest continent, there are vast areas of land that cannot be used for agriculture. With an increase in climate change-related effects, Thus, soil management is a serious issue for Africa's food security. The good news is that, in several parts of Africa, farmers have started sustainably managing their agricultural soils to improve food production. Demonstrated in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Morocco, Malawi and Ethiopia.
The Middle East, during the past few decades, soil erosion, deforestation and clime change have threatened both the natural resources and agriculture. But the good news is that many projects are underway; the SFP scheme of providing food, fresh water and clean energy to the people of Jordan. And another exciting development is the SOILS Permaculture Association Lebanon. The permaculture ethics of 'People care, Earth care and Fair care' serves as guiding principles to work towards a better, improved future.
Argentina, the country is now the second largest organic producer in the world. Organic farming is beneficial in mitigating clime change. Guyana, a nation renowned for its pristine forests. Forests play a crucial role in mitigating clime change. Guyana has worked diligently to prevent deforestation. Colombia, indeed, become a model for the world in terms of balancing conservation and development. Congratulations to the noble countries in South America who seek new ways to protect their precious forests and practice sustainable agriculture.
Pedaling: A Way for a Better Life and a Greener World, Part 1 of 2
Green non-motorized transports and proactive eco-initiatives are the new trend! Their simplicity and flexibility have made bicycles the preferred means of transportation for billions。Many individuals and organizations sponsor cycling-related activities,one such organization is Climate Ride。Many operators around the world now offer cycling tours to eco-tourism sites, Spice Roads Cycling is a leading nature-oriented tour company based. The ING Orange Bike Project the program provides bicycles to children in remote areas of several countries in Asia.
The United Nations framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty for stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, so as to prevent a drastic disruption in the climate system of our planet. Climate Alliance of European Cities is an extensive group of municipalities that collaborate with indigenous people in safeguarding the world's climate. City Cycling, the objective of the initiative is to encourage cycling and foster climate protection. City Cycling encourages citizens to use bicycles to meet their everyday transport needs.


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Bauhinia multinervia är en ärtväxtart som först beskrevs av Carl Sigismund Kunth, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Dc. Bauhinia multinervia ingår i släktet Bauhinia och familjen ärtväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Ärtväxter
multinervia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Import IntelliJ code style into Eclipse I would like to know if it's possible and how to export my IntelliJ code style settings and import them into Eclipse. I know it's possible from Eclipse into IntelliJ but I want the other way around.

A: You must set up manually in Eclipse IDE.

A: I've looked around but unfortunately I have not found any plugin to Eclipse that could do that. It's probably because of the way that IDEA's code style is stored in xml and because of variety of options that are not available in Eclipse.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Forum Glazbenog oglasnika • Pogledaj temu - Betamox 500mg side effects ?
Betamox 500mg side effects ?
importance for learning.example, if a given teacher's lesson plans implicitly seeks either simpledefend in the same or following week. Also, it is customary to give the thesis or dissertation to committee memberssignificance is addressed by discussing how the study adds to the theoretical body of knowledge in the field and thenew ideaswhen it is convenient fore and coding manual, if any. Raw data.common strands in theterm memoryliterature, then departures.—-A FEW TIPSthe same sort ofandthe long days and nights ofthis mappingkeep practicing them in order not to lose them. (An everyday example ofThis chapter, however, should not merely string together what other researchers have found. Rather, youTHESISattachment to the material.
10.lowat a cocktail party.importanceIn some cases, it may be necessary for you to hire a professional editor.termcomplete mapping of the learningbehaviorThere's one more cognitiprovide guidance as needed at this point but expect you to work as independently as possible.--dly, in question form. Give sub-The Art of Changingwhilecan be of theses that haveediting involves correcting spelling and grammaticalTo see examples of such mappings, search online for "learning cycle Zull Kolb".can access itthesis or dissertation for the first time to the chair andan7. You should be prepared to hire assistance with coding and data entry and analysis if needed.


Gwanaksan offers a fantastic climb to the top, awesome views and beautiful temples along the route. This is a challenging walk that will last 3 hours or more but is well worth the effort.
Difficulty level 4: Strenuous - steep elevation gain, sometimes rocky terrain.


Yo Mark dude. Saw this the other evening and laughed very heartily in most of the appropriate places. Like y'self I found some of the gags left me stoney faced (who me!? captain constrained!?). When it was really rockin' it was *really* rockin' and had me hysterical. I liked the way it was shot in particular. Whilst it was very silly (and I am all for very silly – I don't considerate that a negative criticism) it had some beautiful one-liners and reaction gags. Bits that had me really gigglin' with delight were quite simple. Like fr'instance when they are in the Somerfield (Somefield – brilliant) takin' on all of the staff and shootin' everythin' that moved. "What have we got here?" asks Angel after he has just had a crackingly stupid fist fight with the tall Shopping assistant. "Two blokes with one hell of a lot of cutlery" (or something similar). Then they charge down the counter with trolleys. Brilliant.


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February 4, 2013	Mark Pacis
Iron Man: Rise of Technovore release date set
It's a great time to be an Iron Man fan. It was only a few years ago that only my fellow comic book geeks knew who Iron Man was, and now he's everywhere. This year we not only get Iron Man 3, but a new animated feature length film as well. Iron Man: Rise of Technovore comes to Blu-ray, DVD, and Ultraviolet on April 16th, just two weeks before the release of the Iron Man 3. The story revolves around Iron Man on the run from S.H.I.E.L.D. as he is blamed for a deadly terrorist attack. On the run, he must stop the insane villain Ezekiel Stane who has developed a new type of "bio tech" that seems to outclass even the Iron Man armor. Those of you who read Matt Fraction's awesome World's Most Wanted storyline can see that the story is very similar to Technovore's storyline. Which is a good thing because of just how awesome that storyline was.
Exclusive to the Blu-ray release is an interactive art gallery featuring the conceptual art produced by Madhouse for the film. The Blu-ray and DVD also come with two behind-the-scenes featurettes: Tale of Technovore, exploring the animation, story and the adaptation of Marvel characters for the anime film; and S.H.I.E.L.D.: Protecting the Marvel Universe, giving viewers an all-access look and brief history into the organization as portrayed in the comics and adapted in the film.
Iron Man: Rise of Technovore is voiced by Matthew Mercer (Resident Evil: Damnation) as Tony Stark/Iron Man and Daryl Dixon himself Norman Reedus as The Punisher. The film is directed by Hiroshi Hamasaki (Paranoid Agent, Highlander) with the story by Brandon Auman (The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes, Iron Man: Armored Adventures). Check out the synopsis, bonus features listing, and the gallery below!
[portfolio_slideshow id=124533]
Billionaire Tony Stark, in his Iron Man armor, prevents an attack from a mysterious new foe, but innocent bystanders are killed, including his best friend War Machine, Lt. Colonel James Rhodes. Detained for questioning by S.H.I.E.L.D., Iron Man escapes, determined to find the mastermind behind the attack. Pursued by Black Widow and Hawkeye, Iron Man enlists the help of the ruthless vigilante The Punisher. But can the Armored Avenger handle what he finds when he catches the person responsible and is forced to face his deadliest weapon, a biotechnology called Technovore that could wipe out all life on the planet?
Blu-ray Exclusive Bonus Features Include:
– Conceptual Art Gallery
Blu-ray and DVD Bonus Features Include:
Two Featurettes
–"Tale of Technovore"
–"S.H.I.E.L.D.: Protecting the Marvel Universe"
Tags Iron Man: Rise of Technovore
Mark Pacis	1418 posts
Self-proclaimed "Human IMDb" and comic book geek. Biggest Iron Man fan you'll probably ever meet.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Last Saturday, Asus has officially unveiled its latest ZenFone 3 family of devices in Malaysia at the company's Zenvolution Malaysia product launch event held at KLCC. The whole lineup of the ZenFone 3 is released in Malaysia, they are the ZenFone 3 Deluxe, Ultra, Laser, Max as well as the ZenFone 3.
For Malaysian market, the highest-end ZenFone 3 Deluxe will be available in two versions: the Snapdragon 821 and the Snapdragon 820 models. It marks the ZenFone 3 Deluxe as the world's first smartphone powered by the latest Qualcomm's Snapdragon 821 processor.
For those who want a bigger display, there's a ZenFone 3 Ultra 6.8-inch phablet. The device is designed for multimedia lovers featuring 4K TV-grade image processor and two powerful five-magnet stereo speakers. It comes with 4 GB of RAM and 64 GB of storage; priced at RM2,599.
Next, we have the ZenFone 3. The only one phone from the ZenFone 3 sereis that has a glass back design. Two variants are available here: a 5.5-inch version and a smaller 5.2-inch model. Both devices come with Full HD 1080p Super IPS+ display, 4GB of RAM and 64 GB of on-board storage; they cost RM1,699 and RM1,499 respectively.
Last but no least are the budget friendly ZenFone 3 Laser and Max. The ZenFone 3 Laser is a 5.5-inch device with metal body. It comes with 4 GB of RAM and 32 GB of internal storage for RM999. While the ZenFone 3 Max is packed with a 4,100 mAh battery, 3 GB of RAM and 32 GB of storage will carry a price tag of RM799.
The Asus ZenFone 3 is now available for purchase in Malaysia, while the ZenFone 3 Ultra is up for pre-order. The rest of the devices in the ZenFone 3 series will be made available later this month.


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DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) News and Research
Low doses of DHEA may help relieve menopausal symptoms in women
Leading age management facility, Cenegenics Carolinas, located in Charleston and Charlotte is encouraged by a recent study suggesting low doses of the hormone DHEA may help sexual function and menopausal symptoms in women.
DHEA hormone may help a woman's menopausal symptoms, sex life
A new study has shown that the DHEA, a hormone mostly secreted by the adrenal glands, may be able to help a woman's menopausal symptoms, as well as giving her a better sex life.
DHEA supplement combined with vitamin D and calcium significantly improves spinal bone density in older women
"The results of our study are very promising. Similar studies have demonstrated much smaller benefits for bone than we found. However, calcium and vitamin D deficiencies, which are present in half of older adults, may have prevented DHEA from improving bone density in the earlier studies," said Edward Weiss, Ph.D., associate professor of nutrition and dietetics at Saint Louis University's Doisy College of Health Sciences and lead author of the study.
Oral contraceptives impair muscle mass gains in young women
Many active young women use oral contraceptives (OC) yet its effect on their body composition and exercise performance has not been thoroughly studied.
New evidence suggests preventive effect of herbal supplement in prostate cancer
DHEA is a natural circulating hormone and the body's production of it decreases with age.
Samaritan Pharmaceuticals granted IND from FDA for HIV drug
Samaritan Pharmaceuticals has announced that it has filed an IND (Investigational New Drug) application for SP-6310 in the treatment of HIV-infected patients with abnormal cortisol levels.
Evidence mounts against DHEA use in treating cognitive decline
DHEA supplements are widely-available and touted as a preventive agent for many chronic diseases. A new study published in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society finds no evidence of a beneficial effect of DHEA supplements on cognitive function in healthy older adults. The researchers believe that based on their study, DHEA supplements should not be recommended for enhancement of cognitive function or well-being in the general population.
Women with hgher levels of DHEAS have better cognitive function
Women with naturally higher levels of the hormone precursor DHEAS were found to have better cognitive function than women with lower levels, according to a new study appearing in the March issue of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (JCEM).
Halting rabies in the brain
While rabies, an ancient scourge that still kills 70,000 every year in developing countries worldwide can be combated with a series of vaccines today, it nearly is always fatal when it reaches the brain.
Underlying causes of hot flashes
Many women in the menopausal transition experience hot flashes: unpredictable, sometimes disruptive, periods of intense heat in the upper torso, neck and face.
Psychological wellbeing has biological consequences
An experimental investigation by Carol Ryff and associates (University of Wisconsin), published in the March issue of the journal of Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, underscores the biological consequences of psychological well-being.
Nationwide survey reports a high rate of concern about body image in both boys and girls
A nationwide survey of more than 10,000 adolescents, published in the August issue of Pediatrics, reports a high rate of concern about body image in both boys and girls, and finds that adolescents with such concerns are much more likely to use hormones and dietary supplements to enhance their physique.
Sex hormone levels not linked to low sexual desire
No single androgen (sex hormone) level was found to be predictive of low sexual function in women, according to a study in the July 6 issue of JAMA.
Study links TNF to androgen deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis patients and suggest a novel pathway in inflammation
A protein involved in multiple cell functions, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is perhaps best known for provoking destructive inflammation. Recently, drugs blocking the action of TNF have shown promise in the early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Over-the-counter DHEA hormonal therapy may be an effective treatment for depression
The over-the-counter hormonal therapy known as DHEA may be an effective treatment of midlife-onset minor and major depression, according to a study in the February issue of The Archives of General Psychiatry. DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone), an adrenal androgen and neurosteroid is available as a supplement in the U.S.
Dietary supplement DHEA could play a role in reducing abdominal fat in elderly men and women
Preliminary research indicates that the dietary supplement DHEA could play a role in reducing abdominal fat in elderly men and women with age-related decreases in DHEA levels, according to a study in the November 10 issue of JAMA.
Higher levels of certain hormones may be associated with stress
Higher levels of certain hormones may be associated with stress, and can influence a person's ability to cope with the negative effects of stress, according to an article in the August issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Australian researchers have identified the hormone DHEAS as a new marker of low libido in women under 45 years
Researchers at the Australian based Jean Hailes Foundation are addressing the complex role of hormones. Their aim is to understand what is normal and whether women may benefit from therapy. In one of the world's most comprehensive studies into women's health and hormones researchers looked at 1423 randomly selected women aged 18-75.
Estrogen therapy may help bone density, muscle mass, sexual function, memory, and psychological wellbeing in postmenopausal women
Research in monkeys suggests that long-term use of estrogen therapy may reduce levels of androgens – hormones involved in maintaining bone density, muscle mass, sexual function, memory, and psychological wellbeing in postmenopausal women.
Dietary supplement may improve immune function in the elderly
A recent clinical study has demonstrated that 7-oxo Dehydroepiandrosterone taken orally twice daily by healthy adults over a period of one month augments several key T-cell mediated immune function parameters compared to placebo administration.


Mark M. Peyton has always had a deep love of nature and of natural history. Like many of us who grew up before the internet could fit in our pockets, Peyton spent his younger days exploring the wonders that lie hidden beneath rocks and logs and in the creeks and ponds that dot the landscape. He took his love of nature even further as he grew, earning degrees in biology and assuming the role of the Village Naturalist, among his various professional positions.
This collection of essays is an introduction, lovingly crafted by Peyton, to introduce the reader to only a small portion of the natural landscape of Nebraska. You'll meet slithering snakes, love-sick owls, pesky moles and even a few lickin' toads. Rather than serving as a replacement for actual interaction with the natural world, Peyton's stories will inspire you to go out and explore your own corner of the world. You never know what you might find.
Mark M. Peyton is a biologist with 20 years of experience in the classroom and another 22 years in the field working for the Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District. He has performed numerous studies and written and presented papers on everything from the fish of the Platte River to bald eagles to the American burying beetle. He has been published in the Rural Electric Nebraskan, the Prairie Fire and The Chicken Dance Trail Newsletter. A Master SCUBA Diver, he has gone on hundreds of dives, both professionally and for pleasure.
Peyton and his wife, Cindy, a retired special education teacher, hail from Gothenburg, Nebraska, and are the proud parents of two boys: Reece who lives and works in Kearney, Nebraska, and Alex, a Staff Sergeant in the Nebraska National Guard, as well as an agronomist also living in Kearney. They have two beautiful granddaughters, Ellie and Emmie. Four cats, a dog, some snakes, a spider, a lizard and some chickens round out the family.


Enjoy the Magic of Disney watching one of these live webcams around Disney Parks worldwide.
Our most popular Disney webcam is a live, panning video feed of Disneyland Park and Disney California Adventure Park in Anaheim, California.
Did you know that Disneyland Park is the only theme park designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney himself? It is one of the most visited theme parks in the world, with approximately 16.14 million guests in 2011!
The webcam is located at the rooftop of the Howard Johnson Anaheim Hotel and gives you views of Matterhorn Mountain, Space Mountain, California Screamin', Mickey's Fun Wheel and Disneyland Park's fireworks shows.
Two of our Disney webcams are located at the Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida. The complex opened October 1, 1971 and houses houses 24 themed resorts, four theme parks and two water parks!
The Magic Kingdom Park camera gives you a great view of the theme park from the top of the Contemporary Resort. At night you might catch a glimpse of the Wishes Nighttime Spectacular fireworks show!
This live refreshing webcam is pointed at the Downtown Disney area, a place with world-class restaurants, dazzling entertainment and unique shops at the waterfront. On most nights, you can see the fireworks show Reflections of the Earth.
The Characters in Flight and Panoramagique balloons in Disney World Orlando and Disneyland Paris take visitors up 400 feet (or 120 meters) for a magnificent view of the surroundings.
The hand painted balloons are covered with classic flying Disney characters like Peter Pan, Aladdin and Dumbo. These two webcams give you a great view of the boarding dock.


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The NYC Department of Education Gets A Green Light To Retaliate Against Park Slope Collegiate Principal Jill Bloomberg
The Jill Bloomberg incident (I mean the investigation of her) is fascinating because it puts whistleblowers who are PRINCIPALS and the issues of racial segregation, discrimination and unequal treatment by the New York City Department of Education out into the public eye.
I would like to say that I have seen - and not been silent about - racial inequality in the NYC DOE for many years, since 1999, and experienced the horrible retaliation of the DOE when Carmen Farina called me a bitch, liar, thief, etc. on May 23, 2000 for asking about the $225,000 for PS 6 and PS 198 as part of the Annenberg Challenge For the Arts Grant, and removed my daughter from the math team saying she was too stupid to be there; then, as PTA President of MS 54 and finding out that Principal Larry Lynch took the $13,000+ money we raised for the PTA, I was banned from the school (NOT - teachers at the school would not allow Principal Larry Lynch to do it, but he tried); when I and the chinese parents asked where more than $300,000 was at Stuyvesant High School, my oldest daughter was verbally attacked and was missing for 1 1/2 years (they told her I was involved in the disparaging treatment of her, and I did not know until I found her).
I have not yet met Jill Bloomberg, but I am 100% behind her and will continue to write about her case.
Department of Education Surr Reply
Jill Bloomberg
Parents at Federal Court in support of Jill Bloomberg
Park Slope Collegiate Principal Jill Bloomberg Sues the NYC Department of Education For Retaliation Against Her For Speaking Out Against Racial Injustice
(NYC Rubber Room Reporter May 3, 2017)
The latest update is that the Federal Judge denied Ms. Bloomberg'd request for an injunction:
A Principal Is Accused of Being a Communist, Rattling a Brooklyn School
By NIKOLE HANNAH-JONES MAY 4, 2017
Continue reading the main storyShare This Page
It was early March when a representative from the New York City Department of Education's Office of Special Investigations sat down with Jill Bloomberg, the longtime principal of Park Slope Collegiate in Brooklyn, a combined middle and high school, to inform her that she was under investigation.
The representative told Ms. Bloomberg that she could not tell her the nature of any allegations, nor who had made them, but said that she would need to interview Ms. Bloomberg's staff.
Then one of her assistant principals, who had met with an investigator, revealed to her exactly what the allegation was, one that seemed a throwback to another era: Communist organizing.
"I think I just said, 'You've got to be kidding me. This is something O.S.I. investigates?'" Ms. Bloomberg said, using an abbreviation for the Office of Special Investigations. "I mean, what decade are we living in?"
But after the initial shock, she said she realized she had been waiting for something like this to happen for a long time.
Over the years, Ms. Bloomberg has become one of the most outspoken and visible critics of New York City's public schools, regularly castigating the Education Department's leadership at forums and in the news media. Most of her criticism is aimed at actions that she says perpetuate a segregated and unequal educational system and that penalize black and Latino students. Through the years, she has helped organize protests and assemblies to push for integration and equal resources and treatment for her almost entirely black and Latino student body.
Last Friday, Ms. Bloomberg filed a lawsuit against the school system saying it violated her rights under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which protects an individual's civil rights and the right to free speech under the First Amendment. Ms. Bloomberg was seeking an injunction to stop the investigation until her lawsuit is resolved.
In filings with the court, the city denies her claim, saying the investigation is unrelated to her activism, but that Department of Education policies ban political organizing and fund-raising of any type during school hours or on school grounds.The department "was obligated" to open an investigation "after allegations of misconduct were brought to its attention," Nick Paolucci, a spokesman for the city's Law Department, said in an email. "Based upon the facts and the evidence, we believe this lawsuit has no merit."
According to a letter sent to Ms. Bloomberg's lawyers from the general counsel for the Education Department, Ms. Bloomberg and two unnamed teachers at the school are accused of belonging to the Progressive Labor Party, a Communist organization. They are also accused of recruiting students and inviting them to participate in the party's activities, including marches.
Ms. Bloomberg, 53, denies those allegations.
A diminutive woman whose students often tower over her, Ms. Bloomberg did not set out to become an activist against her employer. She started her career teaching in Chicago before coming to work in New York City's schools. When she was named principal of Park Slope Collegiate in 2004 — at the time, it was one of three small high schools in the former John Jay High School building in Park Slope — she said she found a deeply neglected school with a leaky roof, toilets that overflowed, moldy walls and doors that would not open properly. The student body was being neglected as well, she said, with few of its graduates ready for the rigors of college.
But, she said, she did not think much about integration or equal resources at the time and focused on teaching.
"I taught Brown v. Board, I taught about this landmark case on integration in segregated schools, with no irony," she said as she sat in her sparsely decorated office earlier this week. "We all just took for granted that there was something broken about the system and we have to do the best we can."
But that changed in 2010, when she learned the education department wanted to open a new high school in her building to serve white middle- and upper-class families in the neighborhood who shunned Park Slope Collegiate. City officials proposed creating a selective secondary school to be called Millennium Brooklyn High School as a sister school to the overwhelmingly white Millennium High School in Manhattan.
Ms. Bloomberg said she did not understand why the white parents in the neighborhood could not simply send their children to one of the existing high schools. She said she thought the district had an excellent opportunity to integrate this black and Latino high school with white students from Park Slope and neighborhoods nearby.
But department officials were adamant about creating the new high school, which would screen students for test scores and behavior. As an enticement, the department promised to fix up the dilapidated John Jay building if Millennium came in.
"That really did it," Ms. Bloomberg said.
She had been begging, for years for money to fix up her school. "You mean there is money? They've been sitting on money or they can find money if it's for white students?" Ms. Bloomberg recalled thinking. "This was too much. It was right in our faces. It became clear to the students: 'You're not good enough.'"
Ms. Bloomberg, parents and students at the school began to protest the new Millennium Brooklyn school. In the end, they lost, and the new Millennium went in.
But a fire had been lit. Over the years, Ms. Bloomberg supported her students in fighting the installation of metal detectors in their school, helped organize school assemblies to talk about police violence, and had spoken out passionately against segregation and what she considers racist Education Department policies.
Some teachers at Park Slope Collegiate disagreed with the assemblies and other protests that Ms. Bloomberg, who is extremely popular among her students and their parents — had supported and refused to participate.
Ms. Bloomberg has been admonished several times by her supervisors for speaking out, but never disciplined.
Then in January, Ms. Bloomberg sent an email to department officials accusing them of discriminating against the predominantly black and Latino schools at John Jay by allotting Millennium twice as many sports teams as the other schools. Not long after that, the investigator visited her school.
The inquiry has fractured the school community, evoking for some the era of McCarthyism in the 1950s when people were falsely accused of being Communists. Many teachers and staff believe that the accusations came from people inside the building, now split into Bloomberg supporters and those who stand with her accusers.
Rhonda Hendrickson teaches social studies at Park Slope Collegiate. She is a model teacher, a designation given to exemplary instructors. "I was shocked by the accusations," she said. "I think this investigation has unearthed an undercurrent of division and now people are taking sides."
Ms. Hendrickson said there was now a sense of distrust at staff meetings. When the allegations first came out, Ms. Hendrickson was teaching a unit on the Cold War and a student asked her a question about communism as a form of government. "I felt caught, should I answer? How should I answer? I can't even teach it because I am scared," she said. "I felt like I was in some type of twilight zone because we teach this as something that happened in the past, but that we're smarter than that now."
Ms. Hendrickson said she had never seen any signs of communist or other political activity at the school, but that some teachers were uncomfortable with Ms. Bloomberg's efforts to fight racism.
A small number of staff members, who would speak only on the condition of anonymity for fear of retribution, said the allegations against Ms. Bloomberg might be justified. They point to posts on the Progressive Labor Party website that claim students have joined a study group sponsored by the party, which is "using this struggle as a school to build communist ideas and raise class consciousness."
Ms. Bloomberg denies any knowledge of the Progressive Labor Party or any organizing efforts for it. She said she could not control what groups other school workers or parents might belong to. She also said all events at Park Slope Collegiate were organized by the school and not by any outside organization.
Nathan Maybloom, a gym teacher, said Ms. Bloomberg created the atmosphere of fear by revealing to her staff the nature of an investigation that was supposed to be confidential. The investigation should go forward, he said. "When O.S.I. comes in, they are not usually coming in for a small little thing," he said.
Mr. Maybloom said some teachers did not support Ms. Bloomberg but were afraid to speak out. He said some staff members believed that Colleen Siegel, the chairwoman for the teachers union chapter at the school, was one of the people who complained about Ms. Bloomberg to school officials and that there was now an effort to force her from her union position.
Ms. Siegel would not say whether she was one of the accusers, but said she had been elected chapter chairwoman twice and no one had tried to remove her until now. She said the investigation was not about "anything other than allegations of political organizing in public schools, and if there has been political organizing, that is a violation of the public trust and the public needs to know."
In Federal District Court in Manhattan on Monday, Ms. Bloomberg's lawyers argued that the atmosphere of division and fear from a baseless accusation was reason for a federal judge to order the city's education department to halt the investigation.
So many teachers, parents, former and current students filed into the courtroom to support Ms. Bloomberg that Judge Paul G. Gardephe invited the dozens standing along the walls to take seats in the jurors' box and in chairs near the lawyers' tables.
On Wednesday, Judge Gardephe declined to issue an injunction, saying that Ms. Bloomberg had not proved in the preliminary hearing that her rights were being violated, that the investigation had a chilling effect on her free speech or that of other workers at the school.
Donna Lieberman, executive director of the New York Civil Liberties Union, found the McCarthy-era echoes of the investigation shocking. "The use of that language just sounded the alarm," she said, adding that the city was walking a fine line in trying to parse what it considered political activity. "Teachers and principals don't check their rights at the schoolhouse door."
Labels: NYC Department of Education, Park Slope Collegiate, Principal Jill Bloomberg, racial injustice, retaliation
The NYC Department of Education Gets A Green Light...


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Der Integritätstest ist ein Instrument der Personalwirtschaft und dient der Personaldiagnostik. Er wurde zu dem Zweck entwickelt, die Integrität eines Bewerbers zu messen und somit ein mögliches schädigendes Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz vorhersagen zu können. Integritätstests sind ausschließlich kommerziell genutzte Instrumente zur Personalauswahl. Wie bei allen eignungsdiagnostischen Verfahren wird durch Integritätstests versucht, die Personalauswahl gegenüber einer Zufallsauswahl oder alternativen Instrumenten zu verbessern. In den USA werden Integritätstests zur Personalauswahl bereits seit ca. fünfzig Jahren eingesetzt und heutzutage bei ca. 50 Prozent der Bewerbungsverfahren durchgeführt. Es gibt über vierzig verschiedene Verfahren. In Deutschland ist die Messung der Integrität nicht verbreitet: Die ersten Tests wurden Ende der 1990er Jahre angewendet, die Einsatzhäufigkeit liegt bei unter fünf Prozent.

Wirtschaftlichkeit
Durch den Einsatz von Integritätstests sollen durch Mitarbeiter verursachte Schäden verhindert werden, die sowohl das Einzelunternehmen als auch die Gesamtwirtschaft treffen können. Jährlich entsteht durch Diebstahl im deutschen Einzelhandel ein Schaden von ca. 4,5 Milliarden Euro. Bis zu 50 Prozent davon sind auf Mitarbeiterdiebstähle zurückzuführen. Weitere zu verhindernde Straftaten sind Betrugsdelikte, Bestechungen, Amtsmissbrauch oder Vorteilsannahmen (z. B. bei der Vergabe von Bauaufträgen). Zudem besteht die These, dass Mitarbeiter mit hohen Integritätswerten effektiver arbeiten. Dafür sprechen sowohl hohe prognostische, als auch in Kombination mit IQ-Tests ermittelte hohe inkrementelle Validitäten. Eine Unfallstatistik von LKW-Fahrern in den USA zeigt, dass Mitarbeiter mit niedrigeren Integritätswerten fünf Mal so viele Unfälle verursachen wie ihre Kollegen mit hohen Werten.

Historie und Forschungsrichtungen
Mit Beginn der 1940er und 1950er Jahre wurde in den USA die Grundlage der heutigen Integritätstest geschaffen. Als Begründer der Integritätstests gilt der amerikanische Armeepsychologe G.L. Betts. Er entwickelte ein Verfahren, welches Rekruten mit kriminellem Hintergrund ausschließen sollte. Dabei stellte er Fragen mit vergleichsweise offenkundigem Bezug zum Thema "Ehrlichkeit am Arbeitsplatz". Sein Ansatz war stark von den Theorien Sigmund Freuds geprägt, so dass er auch Kindheitserlebnisse hinterfragte, in denen er den Ursprung devianten Verhaltens vermutete. So erkundigte er sich z. B. nach Diebstahldelikten in der frühen Kindheit ("Wie oft haben Sie Sachen gestohlen, bevor Sie zwölf Jahre alt waren?"). Die Items wurden mittels zweier Kontrastgruppen (Strafgefangene und Armeesoldaten) selektiert und unterschieden sich deutlich in ihren Ausprägungen. Aus 67 ausgewählten Items entstand 1947 das erste Testverfahren, der Biographical Case History (BCH)-Fragebogen, der neben Eingeständnissen abweichenden Verhaltens auch Einstellungen der Probanden ("Wie weit kann man Menschen trauen?") berücksichtigte.

Einstellungs- und eigenschaftsorientierte Integritätstests
Die Entwicklung der Integritätstest spaltete sich in zwei Forschungsrichtungen auf, dem einstellungsorientierten und dem eigenschaftsorientierten Typus. Vorreiter für den einstellungsorientierten Typus war der Biographical Case History, aus dem 1951 der Reid-Report als zivile Variante hervorgehen sollte. Dieser wird wegen seiner direkten Fragestellung und der eindeutigen, oftmals leicht durchschaubaren Absicht auch als overt-Typ (engl. offenkundig) bezeichnet. Der Test wurde nach dessen Entwickler, dem Juristen J.E. Reid, benannt und untersucht die Einstellungen und Wertehaltungen des Bewerbers hinsichtlich devianten Verhaltens. Mögliche Fragestellungen berücksichtigen u. a. die "Einschätzung der Verbreitung unehrlichen Verhaltens" sowie "der eigenen Ehrlichkeit in konkreten Situationen". Überprüft wurde der Reid Report durch Kontrollfragen sowie der systematische Anwendung von Polygraphie (Lügendetektoren). Danach wurde eine hohe Übereinstimmung mit dem Ergebnis des Tests erzielt. Polygraphie war bis zum Erlass des Employee Polygraph Protection Act 1988 in den USA ein weitverbreitetes Mittel zur Personalauswahl, hinsichtlich der Validierung aber äußerst zweifelhaft.

Der zweite Typus untersucht die Integrität eines Bewerbers durch dessen Eigenschaften bzw. deren Ausprägungen. Vorreiter war hierzu der Personnel Reaction Blank (PRB), der breitere Persönlichkeitsmerkmale abfragt. Er wurde von H. Cough entwickelt und bezieht sich weitestgehend auf die Sozialisations-Items des California Psychological Inventory (CPI) von 1957. Dabei soll er ein wayward impulse (engl. Widerspenstigkeit, Unberechenbarkeit) erfassen. Die Validierung des Testverfahrens erfolgte auch anhand von berufsbezogenen Kriterien wie der Vorgesetztenbeurteilung.

Entwicklung des Instruments

Wirkungshypothese
Entscheidend für die Entwicklung des Instruments sind die Wirkungshypothesen, welche dem Integritätstest zu Grunde liegen. Danach wirkt sich Integrität positiv auf die Vorhersage von kontraproduktivem Verhalten insbesondere hinsichtlich Fehlzeiten, Diebstahl von Mitarbeitern und der zu erwartenden Arbeitsleistung aus. Nach einer Meta-Analyse von 23 Studien mit 7.550 Teilnehmern besteht ein starker Zusammenhang von allgemeiner Arbeitsleistung und dem Ergebnis aller Integritätstests mit 0.41. Entdeckter Diebstahl wurde mit 0.13 von den einstellungsbedingten Integritätstests vorhergesagt (diese Angabe unterschätzt die reale Varianzaufklärung aufgrund der hohen Dunkelziffer und nur geringer Anzahl entdeckter Diebstähle). Daten für die Vorhersage von Diebstahl auf Grund eigenschaftsbezogener Tests sind leider nicht vorhanden. Für beide Arten des Integritätstest liegt ein positiver Zusammenhang mit Kontraproduktiven Verhalten vor (0.30). Interessanterweise kann deshalb festgestellt werden, dass Integritätstests besser Arbeitsleistung vorhersagen als das Kriterium des Diebstahls, wofür sie ursprünglich entwickelt wurden. Hinsichtlich Absentismus (unbegründete Fehlzeiten) sind die Ergebnisse für eigenschaftsorientierte Tests mit 0.33 signifikant, einstellungsorientierte Tests weisen hingegen nur 0.09 auf. Begründet werden kann dies durch die Gestaltung und Zweckeignung der Tests: Eigenschaftsorientierte Tests sind im Gegensatz zu overt-Tests weitreichender und nicht speziell auf das Kriterium "Diebstahl" ausgerichtet.

Als Voraussetzung für Integrität an sich gibt es unterschiedliche Komponenten, da Integritätstests jedoch auf der Analyse von Wesenszügen und Verhaltensweisen basieren, ist z. B. das Fünf-Faktoren-Modell der Persönlichkeitstheorie in Betracht zu ziehen. Danach kann Integrität sich aus verschiedenen Dimensionen und deren Facetten zusammensetzen. Die Ausprägung der Dimensionen Gewissenhaftigkeit, Verträglichkeit und emotionale Stabilität stehen mit den Resultaten der Integritätstests in einen starken Zusammenhang. Individuen, die unzuverlässig, unehrlich und nicht vertrauenswürdig sind, sind insgesamt "schlechtere" Arbeitnehmer und verhalten sich öfters kontraproduktiv. Gottfredson und Hirschi sehen hingegen die mangelnde Selbstkontrolle als Grund für kriminelles Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz. Ihrer Ansicht nach besteht Selbstkontrolle als heterogenes Produkt aus sechs Subdimensionen, die sich jedoch z. T. mit dem Fünf-Faktoren-Modell und dessen Dimensionen überschneiden.

Auswahl der Kriterien
Die Auswahl der Items und deren Ausprägungen erweist sich als uneinheitlich zwischen den verschiedenen Tests. In einer Vergleichsstudie von Wanek et al. (2003) lassen sich dennoch aus sieben Integritätstests mit insgesamt 798 Items 23 verschiedene Komponenten ableiten. Es wurden drei einstellungsorientierte Tests sowie vier eigenschaftsbezogene Tests in die Studie miteinbezogen. Diese 23 Komponenten finden sich in vier übergeordnete Komponenten wieder: Antisoziales Verhalten, Sozialisation, positive Grundeinstellung und Regeltreue/Sorgfalt. Antisoziales Verhalten konzentriert sich auf Items, die in Verbindung mit Diebstahl, Regelverletzungen und Fehlverhalten stehen. Sozialisation birgt dagegen Erfolgsorientierung, Selbstkontrolle, Emotionale Stabilität, Extraversion und positives Privatleben in sich. Positive Grundeinstellung bezieht sich auf die Weltanschauung, Risikofreudigkeit und die Einschätzung von Unehrlichkeit. Die vierte übergeordnete Komponente bezieht sich auf Regeltreue und Sorgfalt. Korrelationen zwischen diesen vier übergeordneten Komponenten und den Dimensionen des Fünf-Faktoren-Modell der Persönlichkeitstheorie wurden von Wanek (2003) nachgewiesen, wonach Gewissenhaftigkeit und Emotionale Stabilität in engen Zusammenhang zu den vier Komponenten stehen.
Mögliche Items nach dem Persönlichkeitsinventars zu Integritätsabschätzung (PIA) sind integere Verhaltensabsichten, Verzicht auf Rechtfertigungen, Integritätsvermutungen, Vertrauen, Gelassenheit, Zuverlässigkeit, Gefahrenvermeidung, Integrationsverhalten und Friedfertigkeit.

Validierung der Tests
Als größtes Problem hinsichtlich der Validität erweist sich die Kriterienseite. Nach Sackett und Harris (1984) kommen zur Prüfung der Kriterienvalidität fünf Validierungsstrategien in Frage, die jedoch auch in Frage gezogen werden können, da sie zu Über- oder Unterschätzungen der prädiktiven Güte neigen. Wie schon erwähnt besteht die Möglichkeit durch Kontrastgruppen die Testwerte zwischen einer weniger integeren Gruppe (Strafgefangene) und der Normalbevölkerung zu vergleichen. Aus statistischer Sicht ist diese Methode aber auf Grund der bimodalen Merkmalsverteilung in der Gesamtstichprobe weniger geeignet, da sie eine Überschätzung der Validität nach sich zieht. Die Polygraphie wird heutzutage wegen dessen eigener fraglichen Validität und rechtlicher Beschränkungen (z. B. in Deutschland) nicht mehr angewendet. Schriftliche Eingeständnisse als Messung abweichenden Verhaltens sind weit verbreitet. Sie können jedoch auf Grund einer inhaltlichen Überlappung des Integritätstests als Prädikator mit dem Kriterium überinterpretiert werden. Die gefundenen Werte werden infolgedessen eher als Reliabilitätswerte eingestuft. Eine weitere Validierungsstrategie beruft sich auf externe Kriterien, dabei werden die Testwerte mit extern ermitteltem Verhalten in Zusammenhang gesetzt z. B. aufgedecktem Diebstahl. Da aber ein Großteil der Mitarbeiterdiebstähle unentdeckt bleibt, ist keine exakte Einschätzung möglich. Als stärkstes Argument für Integritätstests zählen hingegen Längsschnittstudien auf Organisationsebene. Diese verweisen auf Inventurdifferenzen, Fehlzeitstatistiken oder Personalfluktuation vor und nach der Einführung von Integritätstests. Hier kann jedoch die Untersuchung des Betriebs als Gesamteinheit nicht auf individuelle Testergebnisse bezogen werden.

Die Konstruktvalidität erscheint bis jetzt als wenig erforschter Bereich, dennoch lässt sich nach einer Studie von Ones (1993), die mehr als 600 Valditätskoeffizienten auswertete, die Aussage treffen, dass Integritätstests eine verallgemeinernde Aussagekraft besitzen, zumindest in Bezug auf die Arbeitsleistung. Viele Fragen bleiben während dessen offen, z. B. in welchem Ausmaß Kontraproduktivität und Unehrlichkeit überhaupt durch eignungsdiagnostische Tests erklärbar sind. Es bestehen erhebliche Probleme und Defizite bei dem Versuch Nachweise zu erstellen. Einzelne Studien geben zumindest Aufschluss bezüglich grundlegender Annahmen. Brandstätter (1989) zeigte u. a., dass kontraproduktives Verhalten (Straftaten, Alkoholkonsum, Aggressivität) mit großer langzeitiger Stabilität auftritt.

Daneben gibt es Befunde, die darauf hinweisen, dass Ehrlichkeit meist konsistent ist. Störende Variablen können jedoch in Form von einem falschen Gewissen der Testperson, Impressionsmanagement sowie Antworttendenzen auf Grund sozialer Erwünschtheit gegeben sein.

Anwendung des Instruments

Die Umsetzung und Durchführung des Tests
Integritätstests werden zur kompetenzbasierten Personalauswahl angewendet und somit vor der Einstellung neuer Mitarbeiter genutzt. Die Tests können sowohl bei der internen als auch bei der externen Personalauswahl eingesetzt werden. Von einer Anwendung der Tests zur Personalentwicklung wird in der Literatur eher abgeraten, da Integrität als zeitlich stabiles Persönlichkeitsmerkmal gesehen wird und nicht von situativen Rahmenbedingungen abhängig sein soll. Entsprechend eignen sich Rückmeldungen zu individuellen Integritätstestergebnissen nicht für Zwecke der Verhaltensänderung und können bei den Betroffenen – ähnlich wie Ergebnisse zu Intelligenztests – sensiblen Wahrnehmungen führen.

Integritätstests sollen z. B. ausschließlich die Integrität am Arbeitsplatz überprüfen und somit ein Handeln verhindern, das zum Schaden der Organisation und seiner Mitglieder führt. Durch diese kontextspezifische Formulierung kann eine Steigerung der kriterienbezogenen Validität erreicht werden. Außerdem soll durch die Verfahrenstransparenz des Auswahlinstruments eine höhere Akzeptanz bei den Probanden erreicht werden.

Aufgrund des hohen Aufwands werden die Tests nicht durch ein Unternehmen selbst, sondern durch externe Dienstleister entwickelt und durchgeführt; eine Ausnahme hierzu bilden computer- resp. webbasiert einsetzbare Verfahren, die von Unternehmen direkt durchgeführt und automatisch ausgewertet werden können. Eine individuelle Anpassung der Tests auf das jeweilige Unternehmen erfolgt jedoch in der Regel nicht, da durch die Validierung des Konstrukts "Integrität" über mehrere Berufsgruppen hinweg von einer allgemeinen Nutzung ausgegangen wird.

Bei Integritätstests handelt es sich in der Mehrzahl um so genannte Paper-and-Pencil-Tests. Es gibt aber auch webbasierte Umsetzungen, die über einen zweistufigen Prozess vorgegeben werden können (Kurzversion online im Internet, Langversion in geschützter Umgebung und unter Verifikation der Personenidentität beim Unternehmen vor Ort). Der Bewerber erhält eine vorgegebene Anzahl an Fragen bzw. Aussagen, die er anhand einer vorgegebenen Skala beurteilen muss. Die Durchführung ist sowohl computerbasiert als auch in der klassischen Papierversion, als Einzel-Assessment oder in Gruppen bis zu Hörsaalgröße möglich. Die zeitlichen Voraussetzungen sind von der Länge des Tests (Anzahl der Fragen) abhängig. Der Bewerber wird jedoch nicht durch ein Zeitlimit unter Druck gesetzt. Normalerweise dauert die Durchführung des Tests inklusive Einweisung durch einen Versuchsleiter etwa zwanzig bis dreißig Minuten (PIA beansprucht 12 Minuten, der PIT 25 Minuten, erfasst dabei aber mehr Persönlichkeitsdimensionen). Bei der Online-Variante erfolgt eine sofortige Auswertung der Testergebnisse, bei der Papierversion muss zusätzliche Zeit für die Auswertung (per Scanner oder manuell) eingeplant werden. Die gemessene Integrität des Bewerbers kann sowohl als Gesamtwert als auch bezogen auf die einzelnen Dimensionen des Tests ausgewiesen werden.

Inzwischen wurden auch alternative Anwendungen der Tests untersucht. So wurde erforscht, ob sich Vorteile durch eine mündliche oder telefonische Durchführung der Tests ergeben. Die Studien von Hollwitz (1998) oder Jones, Brasher und Huff (2002) kamen dabei zu dem Ergebnis, dass die alternativen Varianten nahezu die gleichen Werte wie die konventionellen liefern. Jedoch ist die mündliche oder telefonische Durchführung mit einem höheren Aufwand verbunden, da Kosten für zusätzliche Interviewer entstehen. Von den alternativen Anwendungen ist deshalb eher abzuraten, da keine besseren Ergebnisse bei höheren Kosten erzielt werden können.

Bezüglich der rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen ist in Deutschland zu beachten, dass der Proband in den Test einwilligen muss und einstellungsorientierte Fragen nicht gestellt werden dürfen. Offene Fragestellungen wie "Haben sie schon einmal ihren Arbeitgeber bestohlen?" sind arbeitsrechtlich unzulässig, während die Bewertung von eigenschaftsorientierten Behauptungen wie "Sie sind eher vernünftig als abenteuerlustig?" erlaubt ist. In den USA sind beide Arten von Fragestellungen zulässig. Wie auch in Deutschland ist dort die Polygraphie im Rahmen der Personalauswahl verboten.

Beurteilung der Gestaltungsparameter
Wie unterschiedlich die Akzeptanz der Integritätstests sein kann, zeigt folgender Vergleich: Während in den USA Bewerber teilweise auf die Messung ihrer Integrität bestehen, werden in Deutschland die Tests vor allem mit negativen Aspekten wie z. B. Aushorchen in Verbindung gebracht. Deshalb fällt es Unternehmen im deutschen Raum schwerer, die Tests für ihre Personalauswahl zu nutzen. Angesichts ihrer empirischen Nutzensevidenz steigt jedoch der Verbreitungsgrad beständig, auch in der Großindustrie und Bankenwelt.

Deutschsprachige Verfahren
 Inventar Berufsbezogener Einstellungen und Selbsteinschätzungen (IBES) (Marcus, B., 2006); öffentlich zugängliches Verfahren im Hogrefe-Verlag
 Persönlichkeitsinventar zur Integritätsabschätzung (PIA) (S&F Personalpsychologie, 2000); unveröffentlicht – nur direkt über Anbieter zu beziehen
 Psychologischer Integritätstest (PIT) (Team Psychologie & Sicherheit, 2005); unveröffentlicht – nur direkt über Anbieter zu beziehen

Alle Tests wurden durch Wissenschaftler entwickelt (IBES: Bernd Marcus, University of Western Ontario; PIA: Heinz Schuler, Universität Hohenheim; PIT: Jens Hoffmann, TU Darmstadt).

Fazit und Kritik
Der größte Kritikpunkt in Bezug auf die Integritätstests ist die theoretische Fundierung der Tests. Ein Großteil der Tests wurde entwickelt, ohne dass eine Theorie der Integrität vorlag. Somit müssen Erklärungsversuche post hoc geleistet werden, wie dieses z. B. durch Meta-Analysen versucht worden ist. Erst bei Tests, die ab Ende der 1990er Jahre entwickelt worden sind, wurde auf eine ausreichend theoretische Grundlage geachtet.

Immer noch umstritten ist, inwieweit integres Verhalten eigenschafts- oder situationsabhängig ist. Obwohl allgemein davon ausgegangen wird, dass Integrität nicht von der Situation abhängig ist, konnte z. B. bewiesen werden, dass sich Diebstähle in einem Unternehmen durch eine gute betriebliche Informationspolitik eindämmen lassen. Damit wären die prognostischen Fähigkeiten der Integritätstests eingeschränkt. Außerdem soll die finanzielle Situation eines Mitarbeiters sich nicht auf sein Diebstahlverhalten auswirken. Die Interaktion der Variablen "Person" und "Situation" wurde bisher noch nicht erforscht.

Die Integritätstests stehen aber auch vor allem in der Kritik in Bezug auf ethische Fragen. Besonders problematisch wird in diesem Kontext die Stigmatisierung abgelehnter Bewerber als "Diebe" betrachtet. Die Definition des kontraproduktiven Verhaltens als Grundlage, ab wann ein Bewerber als nicht integer angesehen werden kann, kann eng sowie weit gefasst werden. Beginnt es bereits mit einer einmaligen Verspätung oder muss erst eine Straftat in Form eines Diebstahls vorliegen? Die Proponenten der Tests führen in diesem Zusammenhang das Argument an, dass die Ergebnisse der Tests vertraulich gehandhabt werden. In einem Rechtsstaat muss jedoch es "über jeden vernünftigen Zweifel" auszuschließen sein, dass der Bewerber sich doch als ehrlich am Arbeitsplatz bewiesen hätte.

Inzwischen gibt es auch wissenschaftliche Belege, dass die nicht aufdeckbare Manipulation der Tests zu eigenen Gunsten möglich ist. Obwohl es noch keine Untersuchungen gibt, in welchem Umfang die Untersuchungsteilnehmer diese Möglichkeit nutzen, schränkt dies den Nutzen der Integritätstests stark ein.

Literatur

Monographien
Congress of the United States, Office of Technology Assessment: The Use of Integrity Tests for Pre-Employment Screening. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC September 1990, OTA-SET-442. (Volltext im Archiv der Princeton University)

Aufsätze aus Sammelbänden
Colette Friedrich: Vertrauen als Unternehmensressource. In: Albert Martin (Hrsg.): Personal als Ressource. München/Mering 2003, S. 119–139.
Anja Schmidt: Sensation Seeking und delinquentes Verhalten. In: M. Roth, P. Hammelstein (Hrsg.): Sensation Seeking – Konzeption Diagnostik und Anwendung. Göttingen 2003.

Aufsätze aus Zeitungen und Zeitschriften
Christopher M. Berry, Deniz S. Ones, Paul Sackett: Interpersonal Deviance, Organizational Deviance, and Their Common Correlates: A Review and Meta-Analysis. In: Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 92, No. 2, 2007, S. 410–424.
Michael R. Cunningham: Test-Taking Motivations and Outcomes on a standardized Measure of On-The-Job Integrity. In: Journal of Business and Psychology. Vol. 4, No. 1, 1989, S. 119–127.
Jens Hoffmann, Andreas Mokros, Rüdiger Wilmer: Dimensionen der Devianz. In: Polizei & Wissenschaft. 1/2006, S. 59–63.
Bernd Marcus: Neuere Erkenntnisse zum Inventar Berufsbezogener Einstellungen und Selbsteinschätzungen. In: Zeitschrift für Personalpsychologie, Jg. 6, S. 129–132.
Bernd Marcus, Kibeom Kibeom, Michael C. Aschton: Personality Dimensions explaining Relationships between Integrity Tests and Counterproductive Behaviour: Big Five, or one in Addition? In: Personnel Psychology. Vol. 60, 2007, S. 1–34.
Kathleen M. May, Brenda H. Loyd: Honesty Tests in Academia and Business: a comparative Study. In: Research in Higher Education. Vol. 35, No. 4, 1994, S. 499–511.
Kevin R. Murphy, Sandra L. Lee: Personality Variables related to Integrity Test Scores: The Role of Conscientiousness. In: Journal of Business and Psychology. Vol. 8, No. 4, 1994, S. 413–424.

Weblinks
Monika Eigenstätter: Verantwortungsvolles Handeln als Auswahlkriterium in der Personalauswahl (PDF)
William G. Harris: The Development, Marketing, and Use of Integrity Tests in the American Workplace (engl. PDF)

Einzelnachweise

Personalwesen
Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie


Each of the candidates who appeared in the VBA debate July 21 sat down with debate moderator Judy Woodruff for individual interviews after Saturday's 90-minute event. Woodruff is anchor and managing editor of "PBS NewsHour," which produced The Virginia Bar Association/PBS NewsHour live stream of the debate. "PBS NewsHour" posted these videos of those post-debate interviews.


text:
Q: Using JSON Schema If-Then-Else to change property type I have recently discovered the if-then-else keywords that are available in JSON Schema 07.
I'd like to use these keywords to change the type of a property dependent upon the answer of another property.
Essentially I'd like to do:
"if": {
                "properties" : {
                  "QuestionA": {"enum": ["CorrectAnswer"]}
                }
              },
              "then": {
                "QuestionB": //Change type of question B from null to string
              }
}

The whole point of doing this is so that when a question depends on the answer of a previous question being correct, then that question cannot be answered until the first question is asked correctly.
If I first set the second question's type to null, no answer can be given. Once the first question has been answered, the type of the second question is changed to string and the second question can be answered.
Is this achievable in JSON Schema using if then else?

A: Yes.
The then keyword value must be a JSON Schema itself.
If the if schema validates successfully, the then schema is applied.

When "if" is present, and the instance successfully validates against
its subschema, then valiation succeeds against this keyword if the
instance also successfully validates against this keyword's subschema.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-handrews-json-schema-validation-01#section-6.6.2


text:
AirAsia India increases aircraft utilisation
15, 20, Air, Around, Asia, Bangalore, Delhi, hours, India, Million, minutes, Passenger, time, Turn, utilisation
One of AirAsia India's aircraft utilisation has increased to one of the highest in the country.
1 millionth passenger expected to be flown around August 5th.
Typical turn around time: 25 -30 minutes.
The airline, which started operations one year ago on June 12th, 2014, now operates a fleet of 5 aircraft from 2 hubs – Bangalore and Delhi. All of the airline's present flights from Delhi are no less than 2 hours 20 minutes long. Such long flights ensure that the airplanes spend a larger fraction of the flight in air, resulting in higher aircraft utilisation.
One of the airline's 5 aircraft rotations flies only 2:30hr flights. This rotation covers a Delhi-Bangalore return, and two Delhi-Goa returns. Together, the utilisation on this pattern totals to 15:10 hrs, which is 50 minutes short of the target that the airline had made public, but one of the highest in the country for all domestic operations.
Average utilisation is however at 12:19 hrs, and the minimum utilisation is 11:00hrs. The average turn-around time at the airline is 36 minutes, a figure that is 16 minutes higher than the target of 20 minutes. However, turn around periods of 25 minutes and 30 minutes account for 70% of all turnarounds. There are no turnarounds of 20 minutes. Refer graph below.
The airline recently added Imphal as a destination, raising the number of destinations to 10. The airline today flies 32 flights a day, deploying 5,760 seats a day and flying around 4,500 passengers daily. Till end May 2015, the airline had flown 716,000 passengers. The airline may fly its 1 millionth passenger on or around the 5th of August 2015.
The airline may add a third Cochin flight in the morning, to provide a well spread out thrice daily service to Cochin from Bangalore. When added, all airplanes will be flying at near maximum utilisation in their rotations. No further growth is possible with the existing fleet.
Aircraft between hubs may be swapped through the night flight I52227 DEL-BLR and I52228 BLR-DEL. Two rotations sync up at the right times to allow for a swap. Until a third Cochin is launched, the airline may use the morning flight I52221 DEL-BLR to swap airplanes.
Ideally, considering that Delhi base has higher aircraft utilisation, the airline may realise a higher fuel saving by deploying two winglet-equipped aircraft at Delhi rather than just one as is the case today. Winglets help realise greater savings on longer flights.
According to the AirAsia Group, AirAsia India, "Overall performance was better than expected with strong loads but is working on keeping costs under check."
1 thought on "AirAsia India increases aircraft utilisation"
Pilot7x7 (@pilot7x7) said:
They listened to you , and now have RED and ATB based in DEL since 2 days


text:
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Typical queries/searches can take hours and many page clicks before getting a satisfactory result. But more often than not leave a frustrated user with poor results.
Power laws. Few results to esoteric queries/searches.
Users were vocal about lazy onboarding and privacy.
Main feed screens: local communities are better than any algorithmic engine when it comes to cleaning/curating content. Captcha, DuoLingo (crowd translation), Amazon Mechanical Turk, Google Image Annotation/visual Captcha just to name a few examples! Accuracy and scale especially if humans are incentivized enough (e.g. healthy rewards: see local kindness/reputation coins below). ML to the rescue: every post is summarized automatically using few of the 500+ popular/common keywords and classified into one of the main 27 topics — facilitating topics browsing, answer suggestions and search.
Every Time a local freelancer gets hired, we charge a market commission based on the total charge for the service provided and facilitated through the platform.
Users accumulate coins every time they rank posts/comments (voting), accept answers (curation) and award bounties (speed and quality answers). Coins can be also "minted" by inviting connections and are capped at 100 per day (to avoid abuse). Coins can be used as bounties or "spent" to obtain coupons/discounts offered by Local business partners.


Tapas & Friends - This restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
It was a great location, friendly staff, and overall excellent.
The location is perfect but that's about it. The hotel room had a general feel of uncleanliness about it. The things I kept in my hotel locker were smelling after keeping there for 2 days. It is made to look clean but its not really clean.
Everything was excellent. AC was working at the time we stayed. Other hotels don't turn on AC when it's not a season for it. I regret we didn't stay in Vincci Baixa when we came back from Porto.
I loved this hotel.The service is unbelievably good.The staff is great. It's a clean boutique hotel in a wonderful neighborhood, a short walk to the waterfront. The bed couldn't be more comfortable.They have a very nice complementary buffet breakfast.
The location is great and so is the staff, but I was not impressed by the room. It was old and for over $200 a night this was my least favorite hotel during my 32 days of travel in Portugal.


text:
UnNews:Presidential candidates devote all remaining funds to one voter
Joseph S. Packer is considered the only American voter whose opinions matter.
TOLEDO, Ohio – Presidential candidates Barack Obama and John McCain stunned the world today as they announced that they were pulling their campaigns out of forty-nine states and focusing exclusively on one man – Joseph S. Packer, a second-rate plumber from Toledo, Ohio.
Packer, 52, was nonplussed by the news.
"I haven't really thought much about the election," admits Packer. "John McCain is a military man and a Christian, so that's good. But the union says Barack Obama is gonna fix the economy. So I guess my impression of McCain is maybe sort of good. And I guess my impression of Obama is better than not good."
Packer cracks open the fifth of six beers. "I don't know. I might not vote at all. I have no idea why they're making all this fuss over me. Hey, honey, on your way back from picking up Mike from hockey, could you pick me up another six-pack?"
The campaigns have carefully crafted their messages to be attractive specifically to Packer.
For example, when asked about his stance on same-sex marriage, Packer replies, "Oh, man, I don't know, I guess the gays can do whatever they want, but, you know, yuck. I don't like to think about it." Upon hearing Packer's response, both campaigns formally agreed to avoid and/or run from the question whenever it was posed.
Other issues that Packer doesn't care about include environmental issues, intellectual property rights, or science. He also has no opinion on education other than that he wants it to be better. Therefore, both campaigns have also signed an agreement not to discuss these topics except in broad, sweeping assurances that they would handle them well.
Sources close to both campaigns tell us that the campaigns' decisions to focus all their resources on Packer was a result of an unusually committed voter pool.
"The Democrats are going to vote Democratic, so Obama can pretty much ignore everything they want," said the unnamed source. "And Obama could run on a 'death camps for niggers' platform and still get the minority vote. And, of course, Republicans are eventually gonna hold their noses and vote for McCain. So McCain can ignore them, which is good because, frankly, he thinks they're all assholes."
"But Packer – here's a man so dumb, so apathetic, so totally consumed with absolutely mundane issues like whether turkey bologna is better than regular bologna that he hasn't made any kind of decision at all."
We asked Packer for a response to this quote, but he was too busy alternately smelling different varieties of bologna.
This article features first-hand journalism by an UnNews correspondent.
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Retrieved from "https://mirror.uncyc.org/index.php?title=UnNews:Presidential_candidates_devote_all_remaining_funds_to_one_voter&oldid=2250563"
United States presidential candidates, 2008


text:
Q: Animating a gaussian blur using core animation? I'm trying to animate something where it's initially blurry then it comes into focus.  I guess it works OK, but when the animation is done it's still a little blurry.  Am I doing this wrong?
CABasicAnimation* blurAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animation];
CIFilter *blurFilter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIGaussianBlur"];
[blurFilter setDefaults];
[blurFilter setValue:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.0] forKey:@"inputRadius"];
[blurFilter setName:@"blur"];
[[self layer] setFilters:[NSArray arrayWithObject:blurFilter]];

blurAnimation.keyPath = @"filters.blur.inputRadius";
blurAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:10.0f];
blurAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0];
blurAnimation.duration = 1.2;

[self.layer addAnimation:blurAnimation forKey:@"blurAnimation"];

A: Your problem is that the animation stops and is automatically removed, but the filter lingers with the tiniest of blur applied.
What you want to do is to remove the blur filter when the animation completes. You need to add a delegate to the CABasicAnimation instance and implement the -[id<CAAnimationDelegate> animationDidStop:finished:] method.
If you let self be the delegate in this case it should be fairly simple, add this line before adding the animation to your layer:
blurAnimation.delegate = self;

And the callback is equally simple:
- (void)animationDidStop:(CAAnimation *)theAnimation finished:(BOOL)flag {
    [[self layer] setFilters:nil];
}

A: If you're looking for an optimized way to animate a blur then I recommend creating a single blurred image of your view and then fading the blurred image from alpha 0 to 1 over the top of your original view. Seems nice and fast in tests.