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Posted by: Dr Churchill | September 15, 2017
What would Winston Churchill Do? (Chapter 38)
When the First World War ended there was only one statesman in England who counted. That was Lloyd George.
The prophecy made by John Morley that "if there is a war, Winston Churchill will beat L.G. hollow" had proved utterly false. Winston was forced to stand in the wings of the political stage while Lloyd George took all the bows. Winston Churchill had no following from any party or any group. The Liberals were suspicious of him, the Labour leaders opposed him, and the Conservatives disliked him.
His only strength lay in his friendship with Lloyd George.
The two men sat together on Armistice night and discussed the great problems that peace would bring. Winston was not a vindictive man, and now that the terrible conflict was over his instinct was to hold out the hand of friendship to Germany. It was essential to the future of Europe, he argued, that Germany should be brought into the democratic family as soon as possible, and he urged Lloyd George to send a dozen food ships to Hamburg. But public opinion was strongly hostile to the idea with the result that nothing was done until Plumer, in command in Germany, threatened to resign if food were not sent, and thereafter got his way.
A month after the Armistice Lloyd George's Coalition Government went to the country in what was known as the 'Coupon Election.' All candidates supporting the Coalition, mainly Conservatives, received coupons guaranteeing their loyalty. They were opposed by Labour candidates and Asquith's Liberals, over whom they scored a resounding victory, winning five hundred and twenty-six seats which gave them a clear majority of three hundred and fifty-seven over all other parties. But the election was fought on a swelling tide of public opinion symbolized by the national slogans: "Hang the Kaiser" & "Make the Germans Pay."
No candidate who tried to withstand the pressure, was elected. Even Winston
was forced to knuckle under, and when the Government returned to Whitehall it found itself committed to a policy of severe war reparations, which many ministers regarded with deep misgivings, and trepidation for the future imbalances it would bring forth.
A few weeks after the election Lloyd George appointed Winston Churchill as his Minister of War, with the Air Ministry amalgamated under him. He wanted a strong man to iron out the demobilization tangle, which Churchill promptly did. Lloyd George recognized his colleague's brilliant qualities and he was also conscious of his headstrong and impetuous nature.
The Prime Minister LG, undoubtedly believed that while the War Office would absorb Winston's energies and interests, it also had the advantage of being a safe post, because in peacetime a Service Department was not likely to offer much scope for sensational action. Sir Henry Wilson, the Chief of the Imperial
General Staff, evidently did not share this view, for when he heard of the
appointment he wrote in his diary: 'Whew!'; and at his first meeting with
his new boss he asked caustically why the Admiralty had not been thrown
in as well. As things turned out the 'whew was not unreasonable. The world was still in a troubled state, and most troubled of all was Russia, which was torn by civil war, and which still contained British troops.
Russia became Winston's chief preoccupation; and since Lloyd George
was fully absorbed by the Paris Peace Conference he had something of a
free hand. The gigantic country was in an appalling state of disintegration.
The Czar had been overthrown in 1917, and a few months later the
Bolsheviks had captured the Central Government. In the spring of 1918
they had signed a separate peace with the Kaiser which had allowed
Germany to release a million more men to fight the Allies on the Western
Front. Britain had sent troops to Archangel, the Caucasus and Siberia to
prevent oil supplies and Allied materials from falling into the enemy's
hands. In the meantime White Russian counter-revolutionary forces many
hundred of miles apart those in the South under the leadership of General
Denikin, and those in the East under Admiral Kolchak had remained
faithful to their commitments and continued the war as best they could.
Now these forces were fighting the Bolsheviks and desperately begging
England for help. Lord Milner, Winston's predecessor at the War Office,
had more or less promised aid. Was Britain to abandon them? All
Winston's chivalrous instincts bade him send assistance.
Besides this, looking at the picture objectively, it would not be in Britain's interests to allow Bolshevik leaders who believed in organized terror and who were preaching worldwide revolution to gain the final power.
At this time, Germany lay prostrate. So, what, or better who, would prevent Russia from overrunning the whole of Europe was anybody's guess. Indeed was there even someone out there to stop the Red menace from destroying Europe?
This was the practical argument.
But as far as Winston was concerned, the emotional argument was even stronger. He was disgusted by the Bolshevik atrocities. He understood wars between soldiers and nations, but he could not forgive civil wars. He vehemently hated and was revolted physically by civil wars, and especially by those bloody conflicts that were pitting brother against brother, war between families, between neighbors, and between social classes — where thousands of civilians were murdered in the name of humanity.
To Winston Churchill, the Russian spectacle was sordid and evil, and this is how he described it in his writings: "For all its horrors, a glittering light plays over the scenes and actors of the French Revolution. The careers and personalities of Robespierre, of Danton, even of Marat, gleam luridly across a century. But the dull squalid figures of the Russian Bolsheviks are not redeemed in interest even by the magnitude of their crimes. All form and emphasis is lost in the vast process of Asiatic liquefaction. Even the slaughter of millions and the misery of scores of millions will not attract future generations to their uncouth lineaments and outlandish names."
It was characteristic of Winston Churchill that when he took up a cause he fought for it wholeheartedly. All his vigour was concentrated on a campaign
against the Bolsheviks. In the House of Commons and on the public plat-
form he attacked the Reds in a flow of rich and merciless invective. On the 11th of April 1919, speaking at a luncheon at the Aldwych Club in London, he declared: "Of all the tyrannies in history, the Bolshevist tyranny is the worst, the most destructive, the most degrading. It is sheer humbug to pretend that it is not far worse than German militarism. The miseries of the Russian people under the Bolshevists far surpass anything they suffered even under the Czar. The atrocities of Lenin and Trotsky are incomparably
more hideous, on a larger scale and more numerous than any for which the
Kaiser is responsible. The Germans at any rate have stuck to their allies.
They misled them, they exploited them, but they did not desert or betray them. It may have been honour among thieves, but it is better than dishonor among murderers."
The next month Winston alluded to 'the foul baboonery of Bolshevism and came out openly in favour of sending arms and supplies to their adversaries. But there was no action he could take without the approval of the Supreme Council, a body which sat in Paris and represented the five leading Allied powers.
He went to France in February and talked to President Wilson who told him affably that he did not pretend to know the solution to the Russian problem. There were the gravest objections to every course, and yet some course must be taken sooner or later.
For three months the Allies vacillated. Winston pleaded his cause without ceasing. He argued with members of the British Cabinet, with foreign representatives, with anyone who would listen.
He sent a flow of memoranda to every influential quarter. Finally, in May, the Supreme Council came to a decision. It sent a note to Admiral Kolchak informing him that the object of Allied policy was: "To restore peace within Russia by enabling the Russian people to resume control of their own affairs through the agent of a freely elected Constituent Assembly. If Kolchak would agree to this, and certain other conditions, the Allies would assist him with munitions, supplies and food, to establish a Government of all Russia; at the same time the Allies made it clear that the time was approaching when they must withdraw their own troops to avoid interference in the internal affairs of Russia."
This note was obviously designed to have the best of two worlds. It was
ambiguous and vague, yet Winston Churchill seized on it eagerly. At last he had the authority to act. For the next eight months he poured ammunition and material worth many millions of pounds into Russia. He also made plans for the evacuation of the British forces. In order to cover the withdrawal it was necessary to stage a diversion; and for this he called for a volunteer army of eight thousand men.
The British public stirred with alarm. They had not forgotten Winston's
excursion to Antwerp and his impetuosity over the Dardanelles. Was he
trying to plunge them into another war? Apart from this fear, there was a
growing dislike of his attitude towards the Soviets. Most people in England believed that Britain should mind her own business and let the
Russians settle their own affairs. As to the pros and cons of Bolshevism
itself, the country was divided into two distinct camps, Left and Right.
The Right shared Winston's dislike of the Reds, but the Left, which was
composed of Radical liberals and Labour Party followers, cast sympathetic
glances at the new 'social experiment' which was taking place. The Labour
Party, backed by the Trade Unions, was particularly sympathetic for they
had recently acquired a new constitution, drafted by Sidney Webb, which
committed them to Socialism. True, 'British socialism' was not Marxist,
but 'Fabian, democratic and Christian.' Nevertheless, the Labour leaders
believed many of the Bolshevik slogans: that war was engineered by
capitalist societies; that the ownership of the means of production and dis-
tribution would automatically create a new Utopia.
Lloyd George was far from being a Socialist, but his Radical instincts
bade him look upon Russia with a tolerant eye. Alter all, the oppression
and tyranny of the Czarist regime had brought about the revolution. One
could not blame the people for trying to throw off the yoke. He believed
that trade with Russia was economically important, and both he and
President Wilson would have liked to recognize the Soviets and establish
friendly relations with them but they knew they could not carry Parliament and Congress with them.
And although Lloyd George disliked Winston's passionate denunciations — some years later in his Memories of the Peace Conference wrote acidly: "The most formidable and irresponsible protagonist of an anti-Bolshevik war was Mr Winston Churchill. He had no doubt a genuine dislike for Communism. His ducal blood revolted against the wholesale elimination of Grand Dukes in Russia."
A storm was gathering around Winston's head but in the end it never really broke. Although he was hotly attacked by almost every Labour leader in England, as soon as the Allied forces had been withdrawn in the autumn of 1919, it became apparent that the White Russians were doomed to failure. They fought without conviction and hung on for only a few months. In the spring of 1920 they finally collapsed and Soviet authority was complete. Up to the very end Winston Churchill sustained his attack on the Bolsheviks.
In a speech at Sunderland on 3 January, 1921, he said: "Was there ever a more awful spectacle in the whole history of the world than is unfolded by the agony of Russia? This vast country, this mighty branch of the human family, not only produced enough food for itself, but before the war it was one of the great granaries of the world, from which food was exported to every country. It is now reduced to famine of the most terrible kind, not because there is no food there is plenty of food but because the theories of Lenin and Trotsky have fatally, and it may be finally, ruptured the means of intercourse between man and man, between workman and peasant, between town and country; because they have
shattered the systems of scientific communication by rail and river on
which the life of great cities depends; because they have raised class against
class and race against race in fratricidal war; because they have given vast
regions which a little while ago were smiling villages and prosperous
townships back to the wolves and the bears; because they have driven man from the civilization of the twentieth century into ar condition of barbarism worse than the Stone Age, and have left him the most awful and pitiable spectacle in human experience, devoured by vermin, racked by pestilence and deprived of hope."
"And this is progress, this is liberty, this is Utopia! This is what my
friend in the gallery would call an interesting experiment in Social
Regeneration. What a monstrous absurdity and perversion of the truth it is, to represent the Communist theory as a form of progress, when, at every step and at every stage, it is simply marching back into the Dark Ages."
Winston not only supported the White Armies to the bitter end, but in the early months of 1920 when Poland attacked Russia, in a ridiculous act of aggression, he was instrumental in seeing that British arms were sent to their aid as well. The Russians drove the invaders out, then invaded Poland themselves, and for a few weeks Winston Churchill had visions of his worst fears being realized with all of Europe being overrun by the Red Communists and their Bolshevik Masters. He sent a memorandum to Lloyd George pleading for the rehabilitation of Germany as the only hope of erecting a barrier against the Russian giant — a line of argument which is again being used today, in the American foreign policy circles, since the reunification of Germany and her re-establishment as a military power.
"Since the Armistice, my policy would have been Peace with the German people, war on the Bolshevik tyranny." Willingly or unavoidably, you have followed something very near the reverse. Knowing the difficulties, and also your great skill and personal force so much greater than mine I do not judge your policy and action as if I could have done better, or as if anyone could have done better. But we are face to face with the results. They are terrible. We may well be within measurable distance of universal collapse and anarchy throughout Europe and Asia. Russia has gone into ruin. What is left of her is in the power of these deadly snakes.
'But Germany may perhaps still be saved You ought to tell France
that we will make a defensive alliance with her against Germany if, and
only if, she entirely alters her treatment of Germany and loyally accepts a
British policy of help and friendship toward Germany.'
The British Left vehemently opposed any aid being given to Poland, and the British Right seemed strangely uninterested. Indeed, many people were more concerned with Winston's activities than with Russia's. In May 1920 a sensation was caused by the publication of a memorandum which was alleged to have fallen into Soviet hands after the Allied withdrawal from Archangel, and was brought back to London by a Labour Party deputation. The note claimed to be an account of an interview which Colonel Golvin, a White Russian emissary, had with Winston Churchill, during the conversation of which the latter, had promised the White Russians an indefinite postponement of the evacuation of the British forces, and twelve thousand volunteers to form a new garrison. Winston indignantly declared that the document was a complete travesty of the truth but it caused a Parliamentary storm. Labour Members even went so far as to draft a resolution for Mr Winston Churchill's arrest, on the grounds that he was using British military resources against the Soviet without the consent or knowledge of Parliament.
The Civil War had come to an end; and Poland, in the inspired Battle of the Vistula, had managed to repel the Russian hordes. For the time being the urgency of the Bolshevik menace subsided. In January 1921 Lloyd George transferred Winston Churchill from the War Office to the Colonial Office and Winston Churchill transferred his attention from Europe to the East.
Throughout his life Winston had never received any credit for his lifelong effort at being a peacemaker, yet this might be remedied if we look at his record and especially at his Pacifist work, in the brief eighteen months that he was at the Colonies, where he was largely responsible for bringing about two vitally important and lasting peace settlements: The first was in the Middle East. This part of the world was in a constant state of ferment. Despite the bitter opposition of the Arabs, the Peace Conference had given the mandate of Syria to the French, who then threw out Emir Feisal from Damascus. As a result Palestine and Egypt were smouldering with discontent, and a bloody uprising had just had to be suppressed in Iraq. The British were obliged to keep forty thousand troops stationed in Iraq to preserve order, which was costing the Government 30,000,000 British pounds a year. This was thought to be far too expensive and the Prime Minister asked Winston to see what he could do to restore harmony and save the British taxpayer some money.
Winston set about the matter in his usual independent fashion. First he enlisted on his side that strange and romantic genius, "Lawrence of Arabia." This fascinating Englishman was the uncrowned king of the Arab world. He had lived and fought with them throughout the war and now lived and worked to secure them a just peace. He identified his interests with them so completely that he appeared in London and Paris in flowing Arab robes. He even refused a high decoration from the King, in order to impress the public with the seriousness of his cause.
Winston called a conference in Cairo, and with Lawrence as his chief adviser and all the experts and authorities of the Middle East at his service, he worked out a plan. A month later he sent the following proposals to the Cabinet. First, that the British must repair the injury done to the Arabs by placing the Emir Feisal on the throne of Iraq as King, and transferring to the hands of his brother, the Emir Abdullah, the Government of Transjordan, or what is today's Jordan. Second, that the troops must be withdrawn from Iraq, and order must be maintained by the Royal British Air Force rather than by the Army, which would cut down the cost from 30,000,000 pounds, to 5,000,000 pounds, a year. And third, that an adjustment must be made in Palestine between the Arabs and the Jews, which would serve as a foundation for the future state of Israel to be created asap.
It was a brilliant settlement.
Yet as soon as the Cabinet accepted it — tension in the Arab world subsided. When Lawrence wrote his great classic 'Seven Pillars of Wisdom' he sent Winston a copy with the following inscription: "Winston Churchill who made a happy ending to this show. And eleven years after we set our hands to making an honest settlement, all our work still stands: the countries have gone forward, our interests having been saved, and nobody killed, either on one side or the other. To have planned for eleven years is the mark of true statesmanship. I ought to have given you two copies of this work."
During the time that Winston was negotiating a settlement in the Middle East he was also a member of the Cabinet Committee dealing with the problem of Ireland. Since the war, relations between the Irish and the Mother Country had deteriorated badly. In the 1918 'Coupon Election' the Irish Nationalists had been swept away and in their place had arisen a far more extremist group, the Sinn Fein Party (Ourselves Alone). The Sinn Feiners wanted to sever all connection with England and establish a republic, and they were prepared to use any methods to realize their aims.
In 1919 they began to burn down houses and murder English officials. The
British Government retaliated by sending a special police force manned by ex-officers from the wartime army, who wore dark caps and khaki uniforms and became known as the 'Black and Tans.' They were instructed to take severe reprisals, and as a result, they punished outrage by still further outrage. By the end of the year Ireland was gripped in a reign of terror.
The situation was intensely complicated. The Northern and Protestant part of Ireland was loyal to the British Empire and determined to stay within it, while Southern and Catholic Ireland, which represented a majority of the population, was bent on gaining complete independence. Should the British crush the rebellion by overwhelming force, or should they partition the country and let the South have its freedom? Winston Churchill was in favour of doing both. He told his colleagues on the Cabinet Committee Lloyd George, F. E. Smith (later Lord Birkenhead), Austen Chamberlain, Sir Hamar Greenwood and Sir Laming Worthington-Evans that he believed it was essential to prove to the Irish that Britain was not giving way through weakness and fear; then when they had been
soundly beaten he was in favour of granting them Dominion status, which would make them independent and self-governing, yet at the same time would preserve a link with the Empire through loyalty to the Crown.
About this time King George V went to Northern Ireland and delivered a speech which had been carefully prepared by his Ministers. In it was a reference to the South and a plea for reconciliation which met with a startlingly large response from the Irish public itself. This started the ball rolling. The Government invited the Irish leaders to London to negotiate, and the leaders accepted. Thus negotiations started before Britain had proved herself the Master, as Winston Churchill and his colleagues would have liked.
The tense, charged atmosphere and the protracted discussions which finally led to the signing of the Irish Treaty have provided the theme for many books. It would have been possible in 1886 wrote Winston: "to have reached a solution on a basis infinitely less perilous both to Ireland and to Great Britain than that to which we were ultimately drawn." At that time Mr Gladstone was begging the House of Commons to pass his Home Rule Bill. "Think, I beseech you think well, think wisely, think not for a moment but for the years that are to come, before you reject this Bill." But the Bill was defeated and Winston's father was one of Gladstone's most powerful opponents. Now the son was trying to find a solution to a problem grown fierce and strong on the mistakes of the older generation.
Although Winston did not play a major part in the Treaty negotiations
he did much to smooth the relations between the two sides by friendliness
alone. 'Our settlement with the Boers,' he wrote, 'with my own vivid
experiences in it, was my greatest source of comfort and inspiration in
this Irish business. Indeed it was a help to all. I remember one night Mr
Griffith and Mr Collins [the leading Irish statesmen] came to my house to
meet the Prime Minister. It was at a crisis, and the negotiations seemed to
hang only by a thread. Griffith went upstairs to parley with Mr Lloyd
George alone. Lord Birkenhead and I were left with Michael Collins
meanwhile. He was in his most difficult mood, full of reproaches and
defiances, and it was very easy for everyone to lose his temper.
"You hunted me day and night!" he exclaimed. "You put a price on my head."
"Wait a minute," I said. "You are not the only one." And I took from
my wall the framed copy of the reward offered for my recapture by the
Boers. "At any rate it was a good price 5,000. Look at me 25, dead
or alive. How would you like that?"
In the end Michael Collins and Arthur Griffith signed the Treaty which
gave Ireland Dominion status. But when they returned to Dublin they
found the Sinn Fein Party split in two. One half backed the Treaty, but
the other half, led by de Valera, declared that Dominion status was not
enough; nothing short of recognizing Ireland as a republic would suffice.
Members of this faction became known as the Anti-Treatyites and worked
fanatically to prevent Griffith and Collins carrying out the agreement made
in London. They provoked acts of violence against Northern Ireland and
soon began murdering the members of their own party who believed in
the Treaty. Only nine months after Collins had put his signature to the
document he was killed in an ambush. Before long Ireland was again in
the grip of civil war.
It was at this point that Winston Churchill became Colonial Secretary
and, as such, Chairman of the Cabinet Committee on Irish affairs. His task
was to help Griffith and Collins establish a Provisional Government, and
at the same time to protect the integrity of Northern Ireland which had
voted for a partition. The world seldom thinks of Winston Churchill in the role of a conciliator and yet in this case he worked tirelessly, patiently and
sagaciously to achieve his purpose. He handled innumerable situations
with delicacy and tact, writing repeatedly to the various leaders, both
North and South, smoothing away misunderstandings, emphasizing good
will, minimizing foolish and petty actions, cajoling, praising, encouraging
and suggesting. In the end the Treatyites won; the Provisional Government was established, and tragic Ireland settled down to peace, and finally
to isolation. From that time on she gradually ceased to be an issue or to
play a part in the internal affairs of Great Britain.
Winston Churchill's role as peace-maker was not long remembered. In the
middle of 1922 trouble arose with Turkey, and events threw Winston Churchill into the more familiar role of a belligerent 'man of action. The seeds of the Turkish discord had been sown by Lloyd George. At the Peace Treaty the Prime Minister had come under the spell of the Greek statesman, Eleutherios Venizelos, and as a result had sanctioned a Greek occupation of a large part of Anatolia, Turkey's homeland, which was completely Turkish in population save for a few Greek coastal towns. France and Italy objected to this settlement; so did Britain's Foreign Secretary Lord Curzon; so did Winston Churchill; nevertheless Lloyd George pushed it through, signing the Treaty of Sevres, which not only confirmed a Greek occupation of Smyrna, but gave Greece most of Turkey's possessions in Europe as well.
Fighting soon broke out. In 1921 the Greeks in an effort to enforce the Treaty advanced on Ankara, the Turkish capital, but were stopped by the Turks fifty miles away. They remained there for a year; then in the summer of 1922 Mustafa Kemal, the head of the Turkish Government, attacked them, routed their armies, and massacred most of the Greek population of Turkey and especially the Greek populations of Smyrna and that of the ancient coastal Greek cities of Asia minor.
The Western powers were alarmed. Was Kemal planning to recapture Turkey's European possessions? If so, he would have to cross the Straits which were under international protection, guarded by small contingents of British, French and Italian troop. The French and Italians saw trouble coming and immediately withdrew, leaving only the British at Chanak on the Asiatic side of the Dardanelles.
The situation was electric. Would Turkey move? And if she did, would this mean war with Britain?
Half a dozen men in the British Cabinet decided that firm action must be taken to stop Turkey. They were the same men who had sat together on the Committee for Irish affairs Lloyd George, Churchill, Birkenhead, Chamberlain, Balfour and Worthington Evans. "We made common cause" declares Winston Churchill in 'The Aftermath': 'The Government might break up, and we might be relieved of our burden. The nation might not support us; they could find others to advise them. The Press might howl; the Allies might bolt. We intended to force the Turk to a negotiated peace before he set foot in Europe."
Winston then sat down and drafted a bold and determined communique
calling on the British Dominions and the Balkan States to co-operate with
Great Britain in resisting Turkish aggression, and announcing flatly: "It
is the intention of His Majesty's Government to reinforce immediately . . .
the troops at the disposal of Sir Charles Harington, the Allied Commander-
in-Chief at Constantinople, and orders have been given to the British
Fleet in the Mediterranean to oppose by every means any infraction of the
neutral zones by the Turks or any attempt by them to cross the European
shores."
The uncompromising tone of this statement startled the British public.
It also startled the Turk who changed his mind and ordered his troops
away from Chanak. Two weeks later Mustapha Kemal signed an armistice.
And a year later the grievance was removed by the Treaty of Lausanne
which gave Turkey the Straits and Constantinople.
But even though the incident ended peacefully, the public was still unnerved. Anger quickly took the place of fear, and Conservatives and
Socialists alike denounced diplomacy "based on wild and reckless gambles.
Bonar Law declared that Britain could not police the world alone, and the
Labour Party attacked Winston with the familiar charge that he was trying
to 'dragoon the Empire into war."
Since that time his action has been appraised more favorably. "To Mr Lloyd George and above all to Winston Churchill" wrote Harold Nicolson in a biography of Curzon: 'is due our gratitude for having at this juncture defied not the whole world merely, but the full hysterical force of British public opinion."
Nevertheless, the two men paid a high price. The Chanak incident brought down the Government.
Lloyd George's Coalition Government was three-quarters Tory and one-quarter Liberal. The Tories decided that the wave of public enthusiasm which had given the Government its renewed lease of life at the end of the war had vanished. The inevitable disillusion which awaited any post-war government had at last set in, and the time had come for the Conservatives to march ahead under their own banner.
Besides, the Tories had plenty of quarrels with the Government. When
the war ended Lloyd George had become so deeply involved in the Paris
Peace Conference that he had practically withdrawn from the House of
Commons, leaving Bonar Law to run it for him. Thus he fell into the
habit of ignoring Parliament, surrounding himself with personal advisers,
dealing with any matter that caught his fancy and deliberately by-passing
Secretaries of State whenever it suited him. The Tories were highly
critical of this state of affairs and declared that 'Cabinet responsibility' had
become a joke.
They were also critical of his handling of the Irish question. They felt it
was nothing short of lunacy first to initiate a policy of severe reprisals then
to turn around and give the Irish everything they wanted short of a
republic. Finally, they were indignant over the Chanak communique.
They not only disliked its bluntness but were shocked by the fact that the
Foreign Secretary, Lord Curzon, was not even consulted, and that it had
been issued to the press before the Dominions had received it. Bonar Law
wrote a letter to The Times on this subject which was almost a vote of
censure.
A few of the leading Conservative Ministers who held office under
Lloyd George remained steadfastly loyal. Among these Lord Birkenhead
and Austen Chamberlain were the most conspicuous. They did their best
to dissuade their Tory colleagues from breaking up the Government but
their arguments were unavailing. Largely through the organization of Mr
Leo Amery, who was then Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the
Admiralty, a meeting was held at the Carlton Club on 17 October, 1922,
which later became known as the "Revolt of the Under-secretaries. Bonar
Law, who had resigned the Conservative Party leadership a year earlier on
grounds of ill-health, made a strong and telling speech, believed to have
been inspired by Lord Beaverbrook, which completely carried the
assembly widi him. Then Stanley Baldwin, a figure almost unknown to
the public but recently appointed President of the Board of Trade by
Lloyd George, introduced a resolution to end the Coalition. Baldwin told
the meeting that L.G. was a dynamic force but that a dynamic force is a
very terrible thing." His resolution was passed by 187 votes to 87.
When Lloyd George heard of the vote he at once resigned and Bonar
Law consented to form a Government. The new Prime Minister asked for
the dissolution of Parliament and went to the country. The Conservatives
scored a sweeping victory. Lloyd George never held office again.
Winston Churchill fought the election at Dundee, the great Radical
working-class stronghold which had welcomed him joyously in 1908
when he had been the formidable antagonist of Tory privilege. "I stand as
a Liberal and a Free Trader, but I make it quite clear that I am not going
to desert Lloyd George" he announced in his election address.
But Dundee was not at all convinced that Winston really was a Liberal.
Ever since he had become First Lord of the Admiralty he had shown
practically no interest in domestic matters but concentrated exclusively on
military and foreign affairs. During the previous eleven years he had been
repeatedly the strongest advocate of Coalition government. On three
occasions before the war-time Coalition came into being he had urged that
Conservatives and Liberals merge their differences; and in the four years
since the close of the war he had- floated publicly the idea of a Center Party composed of moderates from both sides.
Why was Winston so eager to end the traditional warfare between the two great parties? The Times ran a series of articles entitled "Front Bench Figures" and on the 15th of November, 1920, summed up Winston Churchill's position as follows: "Some men hang themselves on their politics, others hang their politics on themselves, and these need to be stout pegs, well screwed into the scheme of things, as indeed Winston Churchill is. He manages it very well. His first party will still have no good said of him, his second believes him to be hankering after his first love, and lately he has been advertising for a new Center Party which is to combine the charms of the other two. But even if this third match came off and then turned out ill, Winston Churchill would not be greatly embarrassed, for wherever he is there is his party."
The truth was that Winston disliked wearing a party tag of any description. He could not see that there was any longer a deep, dividing line between Liberals and Conservatives. How much more gratifying from his own personal point of view it would be to heal the old wounds between himself and the Party which was his by birth and inheritance. How much more sensible to receive a mandate from the people to govern, and then to govern to the best of one's ability, untrammelled by stupid Party slogans. However, British politics do not operate in such a free and easy way. The Center Party came to nothing and Winston was forced to proclaim his colours. The Conservatives would not accept him and besides, he was not prepared to desert his leader. So he stood as a Lloyd George Liberal.
Was there any trace of the Radical left in Winston? In the years since the war had ended there had been much hardship in Britain. In 1922 there were a million and a half unemployed. Housing conditions were appalling and "Homes fit for heroes" remained only an election slogan. During these four years of economic booms, slumps, and busts — Winston had taken practically no interest in the conditions of the great mass of the wage earners. He had no new ideas to offer. His thinking was on conservative lines. The Times commented on this orthodox streak, in the article: "One could imagine a radical" of Winston Churchill's great intellectual power carrying out reforms at the Admiralty that would have made the early Naval history of the war a very different thing, for the Navy was ready for war in everything but that which mattered most, the habit of independent and unconventional thought, and this he might have supplied. At the War Office at the end of the war the same opportunity seemed to offer and again there was the same disappointment."
"There is tremendous efficiency and business ability, and feats of organization are accomplished, but of the man himself with his sheer intellectual power, and his fertility of ideas, there is no sign. It may be after all that the fabric of his thinking is conventional, and only its colours and expressions are original; or it may be that his mind does not gear readily to other minds, and that he must either think and act independently for himself, or when that is impossible to defy the conventions."
Winston fought the election tinder the most adverse conditions that could
be imagined. Three days before the contest opened he was stricken with
appendicitis and rushed off to the hospital for an operation. He was unable
to appear in Dundee until two days before the poll, and even then was in
pain and mounted the platform only with the aid of a walking stick.
All over Britain it was apparent that there was a rising tide of opinion in
favour of Conservatism. But it was not so in Dundee. Dundee's Radical
heart was beating more strongly than ever.
If Winston wished to retain his seat he had to convince the electors that he still retained his reforming zeal and was not leaning towards the Right. He had prepared his speech with great care. He told the audience how important it was to steer a middle course between the extremes of die-hard Toryism on the one hand and Socialism on the other.
He said that: "I do not think, that the country is in a fit condition to be torn and harried by savage domestic warfare. What we require now is not a period of turmoil but a period of stability and recuperation. Let us stand together and tread a middle way."
But in his election address, issued the week before, he had been careful
to establish himself as a progressive.
He talked about housing, about larger unemployment benefits, and about an improvement in the public services.
He attacked the Tories as the retrograde party saying: "Mr Bonar Law has described his policy as one of negation. Such a message of negation will strike despair in the heart of every earnest social worker and of every striver after social justice."
To be continued:
Posted in Uncategorized, What Would Winston Churchill Do? [Book] | Tags: Dr Churchill
« Nuclear North Korea Today — What would Winston Churchill Do? (Chapter 37)
What would Winston Churchill Do? (Chapter 39) »


text:
Infinity (cloud)
Nexthink V6
Glossary and references
Database information and organization
Network and port scan conditions
Nexthink considers a set of connections to be a network or port scan when the following conditions are met:
A single process is starting all the connections.
Each connection in the set is separated from the previous connection by less than 90 seconds; that is, one minute and a half.
The set of connections contains at least 50 connections.
The set of connections only contains failed connections.
The reason to include the last condition is that a scan operation does not usually complete the vast majority of its connection attempts. Since a scan tests every port or destination, most of the connections are rejected. The way to express this last condition depends on the transport protocol of the connection. In the case of TCP, the status of the connection directly shows whether the connection failed or not. In the case of UDP, however, there is no clear status of the connection. Therefore, Nexthink suspects a UDP scan when many small UDP packets are sent in a short period of time:
All connections in the set are unsuccessful.
The size of each packet sent is less than 10 KB.The total duration of the whole scan is less than 15 minutes.
To summarize, this is the list of all the types of network and port scan that you can find:
TCP network scan
A process launches a burst of unsuccessful TCP connections to the same port of at least 50 destinations.
UDP network scan
A process sends a burst of small UDP datagrams to the same port of at least 50 destinations within 15 minutes.
TCP port scan
A process launches a burst of unsuccessful TCP connections to at least 50 ports on the same destination.
UDP port scan
A process sends a burst of small UDP datagrams to at least 50 ports on the same destination within 15 minutes.
Copyright © 2022 Nexthink / Privacy Policy / Responsible Disclosure Policy / Infinity (cloud) / nexthink.com
Copyright © 2023 Nexthink • Powered by Scroll Viewport & Atlassian Confluence

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Class derived from Generic Repository I have a Generic Repository class, see below, which is used to perform common Data Access functions, ie, Add, GetByID etc.
    public class GenericRepository<TEntity> : IGenericRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : class
    {
    internal GolfEntities context;
    internal DbSet<TEntity> dbSet;

    public GenericRepository(GolfEntities context)
    {
        this.context = context;
        this.dbSet = context.Set<TEntity>();
    }

    public TEntity GetByID(object id)
    {
        return dbSet.Find(id);
    }

I would like to create another Repository class that derives from this Generic Repository class so that I can carry out other functions which do not belong to the Generic Repository class, such as, get a users full name.
I have created a a class called UserRepository, see below, which derives from the Generic Repository, however, I keep getting an error when I compile:
Repository.GenericRepository< User> does not contain a constructor that takes 0 arguments
public class UserRepository : GenericRepository<User>, IUserRepository
{

    internal GolfEntities _context;

    public UserRepository() : base() { }

    public UserRepository(GolfEntities context)
    {
        _context = context;
    }

    public string FullName()
    {
        return "Full Name: Test FullName";
    }

}

Does anyone know how to fix this?
Any help would be much appreciated.
Thanks.

A: You should remove the default constructor from your derived repository:
public UserRepository() : base() { }

Since your base repository class doesn't have a parameterless constructor calling base() doesn't make sense. Also you don't need to repeat the same logic in your derived constructor as in the base one. You could only invoke it:
public class UserRepository : GenericRepository<User>, IUserRepository
{
    public UserRepository(GolfEntities context): base(context)
    {

    }

    public string FullName()
    {
        return "Full Name: Test FullName";
    }
}

A: Change your UserRepository to this:
public class UserRepository : GenericRepository<User>, IUserRepository
{
    public UserRepository(GolfEntities context)
        : base (context)
    {
    }

    public string FullName()
    {
        return "Full Name: Test FullName";
    }
}

Your GenericRepository does not have a default constructor so you need to call the constructor which is expecting your GolfEntities context and pass the parameter down.

A: The base (generic) repository does not have a parameterless, default constructor and so you cannot write this:
  public UserRepository() : base() { }

You need to call one of the base class constructors.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


You can count on a good night's rest whether you end your day with a night on the town or relaxing with room service. Reserve a room, conveniently located near Tysons Galleria and take time to enjoy all we have to offer.
Located in the heart of Tysons Corner, the Courtyard by Marriott Tysons Corner has 229 beautifully appointed guest rooms, two restaurants, a swimming pool, whirlpool, fitness area and a relaxing sophisticated lounge. The hotel was newly renovated in early 2008 and provides comfort and leisure equally suited for the business traveler of the leisure guest. The rooms are well appointed, comfortable and include all of the most up to date amenities you will need to have a productive and enjoyable stay. The Courtyard Tysons Corner provides complimentary shuttle service to areas within 3 miles of the hotel. Take advantage of the best shopping on the East Coast, and stay directly across the street at the Courtyard Tysons Corner.
The Courtyard Dulles Airport Chantilly is just outside Dulles Airport and less than 20 minutes from Tysons Galleria. Each recently renovated guest room features the comforts of home along with amenities needed by business travelers, including comfortable desks with data connections and free wireless Internet access. An on-site fitness center and swimming pool help you stick to your routine, while The Bistro offers convenient and healthy breakfast and dinner options for busy travelers. Visit the link above to see our amenities and book your stay!
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Experience the feeling of being in your own home when you are away from home. With so many complimentary amenities and services, a very friendly staff, and a pristine quality hotel, your every need will be met. Your shopping experience at the lavish Tysons Galleria will only be enhanced by your stay with us. We hope to exceed your expectations during your travel! Call us today or book directly at the link above.
Located just twenty minutes from Tysons Galleria, Residence Inn Fair Lakes Fairfax is conveniently located less than 6 miles from the Dulles Expo & Convention Center and twenty minutes from Dulles International Airport. The hotel is also minutes from Vienna station on the DC metro. Guests can work and relax in the full suites with separate sleeping, living and dining areas. Here, guests can enjoy the comforts of home.
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Indulge in elegant accommodations and superior personal service at The Ritz-Carlton, Tysons Corner. Spend the day shopping at the adjoining Tysons Galleria, dine at Entyse, Bar & Lounge, offering an eclectic food and wine experience in a relaxed environment or luxuriate at The Ritz-Carlton Day Spa with one of their tantalizing spa treatments. Located in Northern Virginia's most exclusive business and shopping district, the Ritz-Carlton, Tysons Corner was named one of the top 50 hotels in the United States by the Condé Nast Traveler Reader's Choice Awards.
Welcome to Tysons Corner Marriott, where our newly renovated Greatroom will delight your senses and inspire creativity. Minutes from I-495, I-95, and routes 7 and 123, our Tysons Corner hotel is located near fashionable shopping and vibrant business communities, including: Tysons Galleria, government offices, Wolf Trap Center for Performing Arts, Great Falls Park, Washington, DC, Old Town Alexandria, monuments and museums. The ideal setting for a wedding reception or business meeting in the DC area, our hotel's glittering event spaces and dedicated event professionals set the stage for flawless meetings and celebrations. At Tysons Corner Marriott, service and décor are sleek and streamlined from the moment of arrival. Meeting space is polished and professional for business gatherings. Experience our brand new Shutters Bar & Kitchen, an American urban pub, always in good taste. Enchanting amenities ensure you enjoy your visit at our Tysons Corner hotel.
The Westin Tysons Corner is located in the heart of Tysons Corner with access to all major roadways to get you to D.C., Dulles International and Reagan airports in a breeze. We are also minutes away from local metro stations, which connect you to the dynamic city of Washington D.C. Come visit and stay in one of our 405 superbly comfortable guest rooms while you explore the area.


text:
'Music has the power to break down barriers globally and is all about breaking rules' says frontman and singer Lukasz (Luke) Drapala of the Warsaw based rock band Chemia.
The word Chemia means Chemistry explains guitarist and founding member of the band Wojtek "W" Balczun. "It is all about exploring, nurturing and discovering our musical chemistry as a band and how we interact with each other as musicians and how this also resonates with audiences too. I guess our goal is like that of the best alchemists to try to create something extremely special and unique from our music. Often with music it needs creative triggers and some "Je ne sais quoi" to help inspire the writing process".
With our last releases "Let Me" we collaborated with the Canadian singer, drummer and producer Marc LaFrance best known for his work with Bachman Turner Overdrive and also being a great vocal arranger. Marc also brought in his good friend Mike Fraser, producer, engineer and mixer for bands like ACDC, Enter Shikari & Aerosmith who recorded and mixed and who along with Marc helped us turn our creative ideas and riffs into a finished album.
The process was a great experience for us and we managed to make an album that started to resonate not only domestically where we won huge acclaim at Rock Radio Station Antyradio whose listeners voted us as best Band in 2015 but also we made an album that allowed us to tour and play shows across Europe and even in the US.
Domestically the band was able to perform alongside amazing acts like Guns'n Roses, Billy Talent, Deep Purple, Bring Me The Horizon, Red Hot Chilli Peppers and we even had the honour of being the only Polish act to perform at Sonisphere Festival in Warsaw which was headlined by Metallica alongside a great lineup of acts including Alice in Chains, Anthrax & Kverlertek. Following this the band was also invited to perform at Rockcomm a special UK rock music conference hosted by renowned Music Manager Seven Webster (7pm Management) who manages artists like Skindred , REEF & Michael Monroe. As a result Seven invited us to tour with Skindred in both the UK & Europe where we were able to play alongside one of the UKs best live acts.
"This was a great experience for us" says Wojtek. "Watching Skindred perform every night really inspired both myself, Luke and Adam (drummer) and made us reassess and tighten up our own performances and helped turn us into a much better live act. For us we knew we had step up our game and become a better live act if we were going to compete internationally".
As a result of these shows we were able to license our album in mainland Europe via Record label Rodeostar/SVP which again was helpful for us as it allowed us to go back and revisit some of the cities we had played in Germany with our own special headline dates.
Since this time we have undergone a few lineup changes and added both Maciek "Papay" Papalski on guitar and virtuoso bass player Blazej Chochorowski to complete the new look Chemia sound forming what is to us the perfect band of brothers to take Chemia onwards and upwards. The band was also more recently offered a great opportunity to perform at Woodstock Ukraine Festival and as a result recorded a new version of our song Hero into Ukrainian in support of this which resulted in over 100 Radio stations playing our song in one day alone in the Ukraine. This in turn led to the band performing as special guests on a Stadium tour alongside one of the biggest rock artists in the Ukraine Antytila earlier this year which could not of worked better for the band.
Watch this space for more details and news!
© 2020 Chemia | All Rights Reserved.


text:
Q: Do powers of contraction on Hilbert space converging to zero imply convergence of its adjoint to zero also? In my functional analysis class I was met with the following problem:

We suppose that $ \mathbb{H} $ is a Hilbert space and that T is a contraction operator on H (meaning $ ||T|| \leq 1 $ in the operator norm) and we are given these conditions:

*

*For all $ h \in \mathbb{H} $ we have $ T^nh \to 0 $ (n is a natural so of course we deal with sequences).

*For all $ h \in \mathbb{H} $ we have $ T^{*n}h \to 0 $ (n is a natural so of course we deal with sequences).

*For all $ h \in \mathbb{H} $ we have $ T^nh \to 0 $ and $ T^{*n}h \to 0 $.
We are asked to determine for these three statements which leads to which. We are not given the dimension of the Hilbert space $ \mathbb{H} $, and it is obvious from definition that 3 leads to both 1 and 2, but in terms of 1 leading to 2 and vice verse I got no idea or how to start. If T converges to zero then does its adjoint also? The opposite? I figured if one statement does not lead to another there is a counterexample involved of a contraction T converging to zero but its adjoint not converging to zero or vice versa. I only know that for a contraction its adjoint is a contraction as well as their norms are equal. I got no idea how to approach this so I am posting here in the hopes of receiving help. Thanks to all kind helpers.

A: Neither of 1, 2 implies the other. For a counterexample, consider the forward shift
$$(x_1,x_2,x_3,\dots)\mapsto (0,x_1,x_2,\dots)$$
and the backward shift
$$(x_1,x_2,x_3,\dots)\mapsto (x_2,x_3,x_4,\dots)$$
Each is the adjoint of the other one. The iterations of one of them converge to $0$, the iterations of the other do not.

A: Take $H=\ell^2$, and $S$ the right shift operator $S(x_1,x_2,...)=(0,x_1,x_2,...)$. It is clear that $S$ is an isometry. Therefore a contraction. Moreover, $S^*=(x_2,x_3,...)$ (the left shift operator), and $\|S^*(x_1,x_2,...)\|^2=\|(x_2,x_3,...)\|^2=\sum_{k=2}^\infty|x_k|^2\le\sum_{k=1}^\infty|x_k|^2=\|(x_1,...,)\|^2$, so $S^*$ is also a contraction.
Now,
$$\begin{array}{}
\|S^n(x_1,x_2,...)\|^2&=&\|(0,0,...,0,x_1,x_2,...)\|^2&=&\|(x_1,x_2,...)\|^2&&\\
\|S^{*n}(x_1,x_2,...)\|^2&=&\|(x_{n+1},x_{n+2},...)\|^2&=&\sum_{k=1}^\infty|x_{n+k}|^2&\to& 0
\end{array}$$


text:
With over nine years of rigorous research & development, battle-tested in more than 12,000 K-12 institutions in over 50 countries, Permission Click is the most comprehensive, easy-to-use, enterprise-grade workflow automation and risk management platform available.
We have helped school districts of every size ranging from individual school sites to large public school districts nearing 600 schools and 250,000 students.
Permission Click has expanded to include users in thousands of schools in over 50 countries, using the platform in over 100 languages.
Permission Click is built from the ground up for K-12 and helps:
Ensure that the correct forms are being used
Guarantee all fees collected digitally are captured for reporting
Verify the required forms and approvals are being collected both externally from parents and internally from staff
Meet audit and compliance requirements via document retention and comprehensive reporting
Reduce risk and liability footprint
With Permission Click, you can transform internal forms and workflows. For example, when a teacher wants to take students off-site, it's not just a matter of gathering parent permission slips and fees. There are often very complex policy guidelines requiring district staff to submit for approvals well in advance.
Same-day excursions may only need principal approval, while overnight or out of province travel might require many decision-makers and multi-department engagement to evaluate over a period of many months and dozens of forms.
Permission Click can tie many forms together into processes that match your district's internal operations to supercharge your operations with unprecedented consistency and viability.
Permission Click delivers a full-stack platform that includes a 'School Edition' for school sites to manage forms and collect payments, and a 'District Edition' designed for district administrators to build, deploy, and monitor policy implementation district-wide.
For school staff, forms are sent home electronically to parents who can click and complete in seconds on any device in over 100 languages. Schools have ready-to-go templates made available by their district but can also build their own on the fly for day-to-day needs.
We've helped districts transform 'Start of the Year Packages' that used to be over a dozen printed pages of paper into streamlined digital experiences for parents that delight.
We've helped districts that needed to collect third-party application data sharing agreements district-wide in less than two weeks with an accelerated implementation plan to meet requirements. The very first form sent home with Permission Click for one Ontario school freed up the approximate time of an entire FTE. That's time that can be reinvested into better outcomes for kids in the classroom.
Permission Click is a Microsoft In Education partner and has intelligent integrations with Active Directory along with other leading SSO providers.
SafePay is Permission Click's online fee collection platform, which bolts seamlessly with Permission Click's District and School Edition Risk Management modules. With SafePay, schools can collect fees, items, and donation requests for a wide range of fees, including supplies, yearbooks, hot lunches, athletic program fees, spirit wear, fundraising, and much more.
Permission Click's payment solution is PCI Level 1 compliant and accepts many payment methods, and allows handling receipts and reporting of collected payments made both online and with cash/cheque.
SafePay's flexibility helps districts collect far more resources in fundraising efforts than ever before, thanks to extended family and friends having accessibility to donate or buy items from afar with the ease of sharing via email or promoting on social media.
Permission Click is a leader in the Education-Technology industry, with a growing feature set that continues to delight customers and stakeholders with new and innovative solutions.


Here we have two distinct versions of the bar, earlier one with 68% cocoa content and current one – 60h conch, second – 66%/24h conch. Photo shows the original one.
Ingredients: Directly-traded cacao beans, sugar, cacao butter.


Different people try different ways to cope and feel better.
Understanding your own coping style can help you to decide if there are other things you could try.
When you are trying to cope with someone else's drinking, you are having to deal with a problem you haven't created and over which you have little control.
Family members pretend the problem isn't there, or excuse or minimise the problem – If we don't talk about it, it doesn't exist.
Family members focus on the dependence, often ignoring their own needs. They may try to bargain or plead with the drinker, threaten or try to control the amount they are drinking.
'Walking on eggshells', to avoid upsetting the drinker or for fear of triggering more drinking.
Adults and even children can take on responsibilities that the drinker may be neglecting, such as making decisions, sorting out problems or taking on household tasks.
Avoiding the situation, by withdrawing, physically or emotionally.
You may feel that everything would be OK if only the person would stop drinking. Unfortunately, this is something you cannot control.
It can help to focus less on trying to change or control the drinking and spend your energy on improving things for yourself and your family - in spite of the alcohol problem.
In families where drink is not a problem, there are often 'traditional' roles for different family members. The adults are usually the providers and carers: they support each other, make decisions and run the home. Children are cared for, free from responsibility.
In families affected by harmful drinking, people can take on different roles to try and cope.
Do any of these roles happen in your family?
The enabler takes on many responsibilities to try to stop the effects of drinking impacting on the drinker and other family members.
The enabler can neglect their own needs and can become overwhelmed by taking on all the family responsibilities and trying to manage everything. The enabler can help the drinker to escape responsibility for his/her actions.
The family hero tries to be successful, to show the world that the family is OK.
The family hero has to stay strong, and so may bottle up his or her emotions. They are under a lot of pressure to keep up with their high standards and keep being approved.
The person who distracts the focus away from the problem and onto him/herself, often through getting into trouble. They become the problem.
The scapegoat may be suffering a lot, but instead of getting support, their way of coping can damage their self-esteem and bring them negative attention and more hurt, alienating them from their family.
A child who withdraws to avoid being a 'problem'. They stay quiet or keep out of the way.
The lost child may find some peace by withdrawing, but they may feel invisible and unimportant and end up neglected and lonely.
Humour and being cute take the focus away from the seriousness of the situation.
The mascot may be frightened of being rejected or getting negative attention if they stop being jolly and show their real feelings.
The person who makes it their mission to change the drinker and control the behaviour.
The rescuer may neglect their own needs as they focus on the person drinking. They may end up worn out from the effort of trying to control the drinking behaviour or feel that they are a failure if they don't succeed.
Do you recognise any of the roles in your own family? Are they helpful or unhelpful? Can you see the feelings behind the 'mask'?


Shredded kale sprouts, red onion, pickled baby beets, walnuts and goat cheese with a balsamic vinaigrette. Flavors that all rock together!
Shred kale sprouts in a food processor using the shredding blade or chop manually. Transfer to a bowl.
Add red onion, baby beets, walnuts and about 3 ounces of the goat cheese. Toss to combine.
Whisk dressing ingredients together in a small bowl. Pour over salad, mix well. Transfer to serving bowl and top with remaining goat cheese. Serve immediately.


text:
Residents of the area claim that the dam is a popular drinking spot and that this was not the first incident.
ByWangui Gitere
A couple died on Tuesday night after their Nissan X-trail plunged into a dam in Juja, Kiambu County. Locals reported hearing screams at around 7:30 pm before a woman was spotted trying to swim to the banks of the dam. Unfortunately, her efforts were unsuccessful and she drowned.
The two were said to be making merry before their day turned tragic. According to witness statements the crime scene was littered with alcoholic bottles, a tell-tale sign that the area is a popular enjoyment spot.
It is alleged that the two were under the influence and hence had no control over the car's plunging. Residents of the area claim that the dam is a popular drinking spot and that this was not the first incident.
The Murera Ward MCA Ngatha Wabiri has since urged the County Government to fence off the dam among other dams in the Juja area of Kiambu County.
"This is not the first time people are dying in this dam, we need to do something. We will make the county assembly set aside funds to fence these dams," Wabiri told the media.
The bodies of the victims were retrieved and taken to the General Kago morgue in Thika.
Featured Image: Divers at the accident site. Image| John Kamau via the Star Newspaper
Wangui Gitere
South African teen's suicide – bullying suspect to remain in custody
Bill and Melinda Gates announce split after 27 years of marriage
Magical Kenya ambassador Naomi Campbell welcomes first child


text:
ECHR Condem Spain For Denying Freedom of Expression
ECHR CONDEMN SPAIN FOR DENYING FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
Last month the European Court for Human Rights (ECHR) in Strasbourg condemned the decision by the Spanish courts to refuse Basque political activist Arnaldo Otegi freedom of expression.
Otegi had claimed the Spanish King "protects torture and imposes his monarchical regime on our people through torture and violence". Subsequently a Spanish court found him guilty of insulting the King, handing down a one-year jail sentence and imposing costs. His appeal to the Spanish Constitutional Court was refused
so the matter was referred to the ECHR.
The ECHR determined that Otegi was within his rights as a politician to air his grievances against the King.
The Court said Otegi's remarks were;
"made in his capacity as elected member of and spokesperson for a parliamentary group …in the context of the recent closure of the Egunkaria newspaper and the complaint alleging ill-treatment",
and they said his views;
"could be understood as contributing to a wider public debate on the possible responsibility of the state security forces in cases of ill treatment".
The Spanish state was ordered by the Court to pay Otegi €20 000 in compensation and to pay €3 000 for the cost of the proceedings. Spanish security forces have an atrocious human rights record and torture and
extra-judicial killings have been carried out by the State.
Although in recent years Spain has `tried to clean up its act' as recently as last December four civil guard police officers were found guilty of torturing members of an Eta unit that allegedly placed a bomb at Madrid's Barajas airport in 2006.
Spain is notoriously sensitive over its human rights record and the government has refused to allow the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture to publish details of its most recent examination of prisons and police stations (see link):
The full judgement in the Otegi case is available (in French only) at the HUDOC archive here:
https://www.echr.coe.int/echr/en/header/case-law/hudoc/hudoc+database/
Spanish Courts Ban New Basque Political Party
Nationalists Unimpressed By Imported Governer


text:
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Meander into a Burleson area church with a gospel choir on a Sunday, and you may hear a lovely mezzo-soprano warbling. That same person plans to lift her voice on behalf of her community in the Texas Senate. Beverly Powell, a life-long community leader, education reformer and gospel singer has high aspirations for her district.
Beverly grew up on a 300-acre farm in Burleson, where her community roots and dedication run deep. She is especially committed to education, and serves students and the community as a Trustee on the Texas Wesleyan Board of Trustees. But perhaps her most treasured role is as a founder and leader of the Burleson Opportunity Fund, which has raised and granted $1.4 million in college scholarships to 1,200 students in ten years. The program, a partnership between the school district, city of Burleson and community leaders, is a win all around. "We've provided first year scholarships to every student who has asked and second year scholarships for those who qualify based on merit," Beverly shared. "The city provides some of the economic development resources to develop citizens so we have an educated workforce. One of our students is now the head of nursing at one of the leading hospitals in Fort Worth!" she enthused like a proud parent.
It's leadership and care for her community that makes Beverly someone you want in the Texas Senate. Throughout her campaign, she has spent nearly every day out in her community, listening to the needs of every neighborhood, which are as diverse as her district. "The biggest A-ha moment I have had is that when you look at our state government now, you see this divisive, mean-spirited action going on everywhere that discriminates against our people in a way you can't understand," she reflected. "When you get out into the community you understand we are all the same, we have the same wants and wishes for our families. We may be socio-economically diverse, but we are very much the same."
Beverly grew up in a gold star family who lost a son in the Korean War when she was just a child. "All this craziness that is going on in Korea and with Trump, it's kept those memories alive like you never knew. When I found my mom's letters a few years ago after she passed away, I had a wave of understanding and grief about parts of their personalities that stemmed from his death."
A genealogy enthusiast, Beverly is particularly fond of those closest to her on the family tree: her husband, children and seven grandkids. As a Texas Senator, Beverly's door will always be open as she works to create a better, fairer Texas. Her top agenda items are public school reform and local control over economic development. "A lot of our economic incentives are driven locally and job creation is really important….I hear that more than anything else," Beverly said. "We are in a high growth area, one of the fastest growing cities in Texas and the nation. Managing growth in healthy ways means a strong focus on public transportation and the expansion of our highway system to accommodate traffic and sustainable development that provides a high quality lifestyle for our families."
We look forward to watching as Beverly hits some high notes for Texas citizens in the next legislative session.
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As hypnotherapists we have an understanding of the way the imagination can be used in hypnosis to change a particular mind-set. We can also appreciate that, when in hypnosis, the use of a metaphor, short story or meaningful tale can lead to a profound shift in the client's attitude and in their appreciation they can have whatever changes they desire.
I have suggested that the following metaphor is called an adjustable metaphor because the components within it can by used by the client, or therapist, to represent different things. It may be that the therapist will need to suggest to the client what the components represent if there has been an agreed goal to the therapy in the initial discussion eg. increased confidence, reduction of feeling stress, appreciation of others etc. It may be that the client will recognise the components and what they can represent without suggestion from the therapist. Snakes have a poor reputation for representing anything good so it is likely their use will represent a negative feeling, painful emotion or unpleasant event.
Who has not played the game of Snakes and Ladders? It will be very rare to find anyone who has not played the game either when they were a child or when they became an adult and needed to entertain a child. Everyone knows the game. The rules are simple – move the counter the number shown by a throw of the dice and go up ladders or down the snakes. The equipment is simple: the board, a dice and a counter.
"You will also notice there are ladders on your board. Do you see very many ladders? What do you think the ladders could represent?
"Do you think that if I could take away all the snakes that are ahead of you, and just leave all the ladders, that life would be as exciting / enjoyable / fulfilling / rewarding? (So far I have always found the answer coming back is no).
"No-one in the world has a life without snakes on their board. But everyone has some ladders. You need to / have to / will be brave / strong / confident to keep rolling your dice every day. Are you willing to carry on rolling your dice? Accepting whatever numbers that comes up? Moving yourself always forward? Are you ready to move on?
"You can notice that from now, any snakes ahead of you on your board are only short. They will not hold you back. You have the power and strength to overcome any set back".
We know that on leaving us, our clients cannot have a life of ladders only. To suggest otherwise would be foolhardy, and a lie. To suggest so in hypnosis would be to destroy the beneficial effect of the hypnosis immediately a life problem showed it's face, and forked tongue. What we do is equip the client with the tools to overcome problems when they arise, as surely they will for everyone. If you have the opportunity to use this metaphor. any suggestions for improving the words will always be gratefully accepted.
This entry was posted in Articles, Metaphor by paulhoward. Bookmark the permalink.


Contributor to BBC TV and radio programmes.(£5,001–£10,000). Address: BBC Broadcasting House, Portland Place, London W1A 1AA.
Shareholding in the Corpach, Banavie, Camaghael and Lochyside Crofting Common Grazings.


To promote and support programs, organizations, and initiatives that directly contribute to better health and healthy lifestyles for the citizens of Carthage through financial grants and volunteer activities.
1. Help organize programs to meet immediate needs.
2. Help organize and support large initaitives that have ongoing impact in the community.
All those who seek and receive our help should have a direct influence on the health and healthy lifestyle choices of the Carthage Community with an emphasis on healthcare, nutrition, programs that promote physical activity and organizations that encourage sound mental health.
McCune-Brooks Healthcare Foundation provides mammograms for women in our community free of charge. Profits from The Pink Rose Gift Shop located in Mercy McCune-Brooks Hospital Carthage are used to fund these mammograms.


The most beautiful thing about being a wedding photographer is meeting couples as wonderful as Eluska and Aitor, they radiated love and emotion from the first minute of their wedding day. We started the day in the Hotel Palacio de Yrisarri where the bride and groom got ready (Eluska with a Married Irun dress and Aitor with a Marché suit). We spent the rest of the day there, it was no wonder they wanted to do both the ceremony and the reception there, we can honestly say it was one of the most amazing places we've ever worked on. It's always nice starting the day with our colleagues from Noare Films, who recorded the day for the loving couple, and with Raquel Arocena, my second shooter.
The ceremony was performed by two of Eluska's friends, Maialen and Marina, they made it so personal and intimate… along with the participation of Eluska's dad, her sister, Aitor's sister and a friend of each of them, reading emotional and funny speeches. Eluska's sister performed a few songs in the piano for the bride and groom, along with two amazing singers who blew our minds. It was definitely amazing, personal an unique.
With such an amazing environment not many was necessary to embelish it, but Julia Tellechea did an amazing job at it, with her altar and the bride's bouquet. We took a few couple shot right there (again, why move??) and then the reception went great, thanks to the wedding planner Marta Álvarez.
In a nutshell, it was a beautiful day but specially because of the incredible atmosphere made by the bride and groom and their friends and family, thank you all for making us feel at home. I hope the pictures you're going to see right now reflect that and more, I leave you with this song that was performed during the ceremony.


Orora has posted a healthy half year profit after tax of $113.7m, up 7.6 per cent on the prior corresponding period, as it integrates two 2018 North American acquisitions and wades through flat economic conditions.
Global sales revenue soared 9.9 per cent to $2,205.5m across its Australasian and North American operations, while earnings per share increased 6.8 per cent to 9.4 cents. EBIT was $175.1m, up 5.9 per cent.
Orora managing director and chief executive officer Nigel Garrard says the growth was in line with expectations and was driven by organic growth and enhanced by the 2018 acquisitions of Texas companies Bronco Packaging and Pollock Packaging.
Taking into account the $140m spent on these acquisitions Orora's net debt at 31 December 2018 was $872m, up from $667m at June 2018 and $657m in the prior corresponding period.
"It is pleasing to report that Orora has delivered another solid result despite what I would call less than buoyant market conditions across the group's trading regions," Garrard said.
Return on average funds employed was 14.3 per cent, up from 13.9 per cent in the prior corresponding period and up from 9.3 per cent when Orora first floated on the ASX in December 2013.
Orora Australasia notched a 5.4 per cent increase on EBIT from the previous corresponding period to $127.6m with both Australian businesses Fibre Packaging and Beverage delivering earnings growth despite flat market conditions and higher costs. Sales revenues were 4.4 per cent higher to $1087.9m.
"The B9 recycled paper mill continued its good performance and it had a very good first half and is continuing to produce above design capacity. The beverage business benefited from higher Can volumes and favourable product mix in both cans and glass," Garrard said.
One hurdle Orora's point of sale business Orora Visual had to overcome was the collapse of US chain Toys 'R' Us which resulted in a loss of $US10-12m in 2018. North American Orora Packaging Solutions also faced margin pressure brought on by difficult market conditions.
"Toys R Us were a significant part of that business so that was a hole we had to fill," he said.
But Garrard is not expecting any major global economic changes any time soon and says any business growth will be achieved through 'self-help', rather than an uptick on the global economic front.
"I would argue we have been in tough economic times for the last couple of years but I don't think necessarily it's any worse than it has been but I don't see any signs of it improving either," he said.
In terms of outlook for Orora, Garrard said he expects organic growth the continue through investment in innovation.
Other areas the company will continue to look into is fibre packaging as a replacement for plastic going forward.
Garrard said this type of packaging could ultimately be used to pack berries, apples and mushrooms but it would be consumer driven.
"We are doing trials with pre packed apples, berry fruit and mushroom punnets and there is a real opportunity over time to see fibre as a viable option for some of those and obviously the recycling benefits of that are attractive," he said.


text:
Lincoln, Neb., Bests All Cities in Well-Being in 2012
Washington, D.C., and San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, Calif., top large metro areas
by Dan Witters
WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Lincoln, Neb., had the highest Well-Being Index score (72.8) in the U.S. across the 189 metropolitan areas that Gallup and Healthways surveyed in 2012. Also in the top 10 are Boulder, Colo.; Provo-Orem, Utah; Ann Arbor, Mich.; Honolulu, Hawaii; Fort Collins-Loveland, Colo.; and Burlington-South Burlington, Vt.
At 60.8, Charleston, W.Va., had the lowest Well-Being Index score, displacing Huntington-Ashland, W.Va.-Ky.-Ohio, which held this position the two previous years. Huntington-Ashland's score of 61.2 is up from 58.1 in 2010, which is the lowest score on record for any metro area across five years of data collection. Mobile, Ala.; Utica-Rome, N.Y.; Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, N.C.; and Fort Smith, Ark.-Okla.; join Charleston and Huntington-Ashland as frequent occupants of the bottom 10 list each year.
The regional breakdown in well-being scores is largely consistent with Gallup and Healthways state-level results, which find well-being generally higher in Western and Midwestern states and lower in Southern states. West Virginia, which has the two lowest-rated metro areas (Charleston and Huntington-Ashland) in the U.S., was ranked last in the nation among states for the fourth consecutive year in 2012.
The "cities" this article references are based on the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. In many cases, more than one city is included in the same MSA, and the same MSA can cross state borders. All reported MSAs encompass at least 300 completed surveys, and Gallup has weighted each of these MSA samples to ensure it is demographically representative of that MSA.
The Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index score is an average of six sub-indexes, which individually examine life evaluation, emotional health, work environment, physical health, healthy behaviors, and access to basic necessities. The overall score and each of the six sub-index scores are calculated on a scale from 0 to 100, where a score of 100 represents the ideal. Gallup and Healthways have been tracking these measures daily since January 2008.
Ann Arbor No. 1 in Life Evaluation Again; Honolulu Best Off Emotionally
Residents of Ann Arbor rate their current and future lives the best and residents of Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton rate theirs the worst, giving the two cities the highest and lowest Life Evaluation Index scores in the nation for the second year in a row, respectively.
Honolulu again led the nation with the best Emotional Health Index score. Charlottesville, Va., displaced Fort Collins, Colo., with the highest Physical Health Index score in the nation. Lincoln, Neb., had the highest Work Environment Index score, and residents living in Salinas, Calif., had the highest Healthy Behaviors Index score. Holland-Grand Haven, Mich., led the nation in access to basic necessities as it did in 2008-2010. (Gallup did not conduct enough surveys in Holland-Grand Haven to report on it in 2011.)
Residents of Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton rated their lives about half as well as those in Ann Arbor. Elsewhere in North Carolina, residents of Fayetteville similarly reported roughly half of the workplace well-being found in Lincoln.
Huntington-Ashland residents again reported the worst physical health, although the city's score of 68.0 is an improvement over the 64.6 measured in 2010. These results align with West Virginia's position as the state with the highest obesity rate.
Charleston, W.Va., had the worst Emotional Health Index score, with Huntington-Ashland coming in second-worst for the second consecutive year. Healthy behaviors were least prevalent in Lafayette, La.
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Texas, residents reported the worst access to basic necessities for the fourth year in a row, due in part to 50% of residents who reported lacking health insurance, by far the lowest healthcare coverage rate in the nation. The U.S. metro area with the lowest score on the Basic Access Index has come from the state of Texas in all five years of measurement.
Washington, D.C., and San Francisco Top All Large Cities in Well-Being
Washington, D.C.-Arlington-Alexandria, Va.-Md.-W.Va., residents reported the highest well-being among the nation's 52 largest metropolitan areas, defined as those with 1 million residents or more, followed by San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, Calif. These two metros have been in the top five among large metro areas in each of the past five years.
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla., displaced Las Vegas-Paradise, Nev., for the large metro area with the lowest well-being, due mostly to low life evaluations and emotional health scores. Las Vegas-Paradise residents again reported the worst access to clean and safe water in the U.S. among large cities -- a recurring characteristic for this metro area and a principle reason why it ranks last nationally among large metro areas in basic access for the fifth-straight year. In general, though, the gaps in well-being between the highest and lowest rated large metro areas are not as large as the gaps found between all cities.
High well-being cities tend to exhibit many shared characteristics, including positive health and well-being outcomes -- like low chronic disease rates and high life ratings -- and behaviors such as frequent exercise and less smoking. These commonalities consistently demonstrate a mutual foundation upon which the top cities ascertain and maintain their status as standard bearers of well-being in America.
Compared to low well-being cities, residents of high well-being cities usually have much lower rates of obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and physical pain. They rate their lives higher today and in the future, and are much more likely to think that the city or area where they reside is "getting better as a place to live." They are more likely to have enough money for food, medicine, and shelter. They are less likely to be depressed and are more likely to report positive workplaces.
The behaviors and choices occupants of high well-being cities make also distinguish them from their low well-being counterparts, and can serve as a good example for the leaders of other cities to pursue in their own communities. For example, residents of high well-being cities exercise more, but their leaders also create more safe places for people to go to exercise. They eat more fruits and vegetables, but their leaders also establish safer, more readily accessible places to access their produce. They are more likely to have health insurance and to go to the dentist, but they also have leaders who help ensure that all have enough money for healthcare. And residents in high well-being cities are less likely to carry sadness on any given day, but also live in communities where their leaders afford them more opportunities to learn and do interesting things. The fact that many of the highest well-being cities continue to be university towns or cities with a robust academic presence may not be a coincidence, given the potential that local colleges can have on the local culture of well-being.
High well-being cities such as Lincoln, Boulder, Burlington-South Burlington, Provo-Orem, and Fort Collins-Loveland provide models to emulate and goals for others to aspire to, including the many U.S. metro areas that lag far behind in health and well-being.
About the Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index
The Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index tracks well-being in the U.S. and provides best-in-class solutions for a healthier world. To learn more, please visit well-beingindex.com.
Results are based on telephone interviews conducted as part of the Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index survey Jan. 2-Dec. 29, 2012, with a random sample of 353,563 adults, aged 18 and older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, selected using random-digit-dial sampling.
The metro areas referenced in this article are based on the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. In many cases, more than one city is included in the same MSA. The San Jose, Calif., metropolitan statistical area, for example, also includes the smaller nearby cities of Sunnyvale and Santa Clara in addition to San Jose itself. Each respondent is attributed to his or her MSA based on the self-report of his or her ZIP code, and all metro areas had at least 300 completed surveys in 2011.
Maximum expected error ranges for the MSAs vary according to size, ranging from less than 1 percentage point for the largest cities represented to ±6.5 percentage points for the smallest cities.
Interviews are conducted with respondents on landline telephones and cellular phones, with interviews conducted in Spanish for respondents who are primarily Spanish-speaking. Each sample includes a minimum quota of 400 cellphone respondents and 600 landline respondents per 1,000 national adults, with additional minimum quotas among landline respondents by region. Landline telephone numbers are chosen at random among listed telephone numbers. Cellphone numbers are selected using random-digit-dial methods. Landline respondents are chosen at random within each household on the basis of which member had the most recent birthday.
Samples are weighted by gender, age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, education, region, adults in the household, and phone status (cellphone only/landline only/both, cellphone mostly, and having an unlisted landline number). Demographic weighting targets are based on the March 2011 Current Population Survey figures for the aged 18 and older non-institutionalized population (through November 30 and all aged 18 and older beginning in December), living in U.S. telephone households. All reported margins of sampling error include the computed design effects for weighting and sample design.
For more details on Gallup's polling methodology, visit https://www.gallup.com/.
USA All Gallup Headlines Wellbeing Wellbeing Index Northern America
Foreign Trade: Opportunity or Threat to the U.S. Economy?
Seventy-four percent of U.S. adults say trade represents "an opportunity for economic growth through increased U.S. exports."
U.S. Doctors Lead in Well-Being, Transportation Workers Lag
In the United States, physicians boast better well-being than do American workers in other major occupational groups. Teachers are second-best and transportation workers have the worst well-being.
Texas Uninsured Rate Drifts Further From Other States
For the fifth straight year, Texas has the highest uninsured rate in the U.S. -- the 28.8% of residents without healthcare coverage in 2012 is the highest for any state since Gallup and Healthways began tracking it in 2008.
Coloradans Least Obese, West Virginians Most for Third Year
For the third consecutive year, Coloradans are the least likely in the U.S. to be obese and West Virginians are the most likely. Across most U.S. states, obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure rates were unchanged in 2012.
Three Hidden Factors Linked to Better Eating Habits
Healthy eating is about more than just willpower. New research suggests addressing three other factors could help people improve their eating habits.
Gallup https://news.gallup.com/poll/161483/lincoln-neb-bests-cities-wellbeing-2012.aspx


Double-click on the (My) Computer icon on the desktop or in the Start menu.
Right-click once on your CD-ROM drive icon.
Select "Explore" from the Menu that appears.
Double-click on the "Support" folder.
Double-click on the "Wing10" folder.
Double-click on the "Disk1" folder.
Double-click on the file "Setup.exe."
Once you've installed this utility you should be able to run the program.


text:
Spy(ies) (2009)
In London, an airport baggage handler is forced by French and British intelligence agents to seduce the wife of a businessman with ties to Syrian terrorists.
Genre: Drama, Romance, Thriller
Director: Nicolas Saada
Actors: Géraldine Pailhas, Guillaume Canet, Stephen Rea
Country: France, United Kingdom
DiDi Hollywood (2010)
Bar worker Diana Diaz leaves Madrid for Miami and with new boyfriend, Robert (Luis Hacha), they then head for Hollywood, prepared to do anything for fame.
Shadow of the Bear (1997)
Three young teens are stranded in the wilderness without their parents.
Genre: Adventure, Drama, Family
The story of an Indian boy named Pi, a zookeeper's son who finds himself in the company of a hyena, zebra, orangutan, and a Bengal tiger after a shipwreck sets…
Country: United States, Taiwan, United Kingdom, Mexico, Canada, France, India
The Accused (2018)
Dolores lived the life of a higher-class student until her best friend was found brutally murdered. Two years later, she's the only indicted suspect for a crime that attracts a…
Country: Argentina, Mexico
Fistful of Vengeance (2022)
A revenge mission becomes a fight to save the world from an ancient threat when superpowered assassin Kai tracks a killer to Bangkok.
La Belle Noiseuse (1991)
The former famous painter Frenhofer lives quietly with his wife on a countryside residence in the French Provence. When the young artist Nicolas visits him with his girlfriend Marianne, Frenhofer…
Country: France, Switzerland
Upside Down (2012)
In an alternate universe where twinned worlds have opposite gravities, a young man battles interplanetary prejudice and the laws of physics in his quest to reunite with the long-lost girl…
Country: Canada, France
Genre: Drama, Fantasy, Romance, Science Fiction
Josep (2020)
February 1939. Overwhelmed by the flood of Republicans fleeing Franco's dictatorship, the French government's solution consists in confining the Spanish refugees in concentration camps where they have no other choice…
Country: France, Spain, Belgium
Genre: Animation, Biography, Drama
Don't Say a Word (2001)
When the daughter of a psychiatrist is kidnapped, he's horrified to discover that the abductors' demand is that he break through to a post traumatic stress disorder suffering young woman…
Country: Australia, Canada, Switzerland, USA
In his second year of fighting crime, Batman uncovers corruption in Gotham City that connects to his own family while facing a serial killer known as the Riddler.
Black Mountain Poets (2016)
Two professional con artist sisters go on the run and assume the identities of The Wilding Sisters, guest stars of a poetry retreat in the depths of the Black Mountains….
Young Mr. Lincoln (1939)
In this dramatized account of his early law career in Illinois, Abraham Lincoln is born into a modest log cabin, where he is encouraged by his first love, Ann Rutledge,…


Malouf, who is renowned for his contemporary Middle Eastern cuisine, hosted 250 VIPs for dinner, the guest list packed with celebrities.
American socialites Paris Hilton, her sister Nicky and Khloe Kardashian were there, as was Bollywood A-lister Hrithik Roshan. Also in attendance from the Bollywood set were Zayed Khan, Dino Morea and Chunky Pandey. The American hip-hop artist Akon also turned up.
When they weren't posing for pics, the stars got a glimpse of what Malouf is known for: an innovative, modern take on traditional Middle Eastern dishes.
He served kibbeh nayee (tartare) with salmon instead of the usual beef or lamb. He baked free-range chickens, chickpeas, spinach and raisins wrapped in a Saj bread parcel. His stone-roasted Gulf prawns were marinated with traditional Middle Eastern chermoula and served with pomegranate mayonnaise. His very first dinner service in the Middle East was very much a star-studded success.
To have the kind of success Malouf has had during his career, it takes more than a deep understanding of food. He has patience and ambition and has never strayed from what his heart wants. Even when it failed him. "I'm 55 with a 28-year-old heart," says the chef.
Malouf, who has a genetic condition that causes his body to make too much cholesterol, had his first heart transplant at the age of 30 and a second transplant 14 years later. Worldwide, only about 5,000 people from 50,000 candidates receive heart transplants annually.
The chef is excited about his new restaurant, which opens to the public tomorrow and will highlight all his favourite Middle Eastern dishes on a menu that will change seasonally. Among the staples, expect to find his famous bisteeya (sweet-spiced duck pie) and a biryani with quail eggs, aubergine and raita.
At the age of 15, he wrote a note to his father telling him he wanted to be a chef – "I spelt 'chef' wrong," he says, laughing – and left home to spend three months in Sydney working in a Mexican kitchen. When he returned, his parents realised there was no stopping him.
Malouf went to culinary school – the William Angliss Institute in Melbourne – and poured all his effort into it, training in international cuisine in Australia, Italy, France, Belgium, Hong Kong and England. But he knew his calling was Middle Eastern cuisine. Early in his career, he "campaigned to put Middle Eastern food, particularly Lebanese food, on a platform. I wanted to cook Middle Eastern food expressed in the best Western style".
Malouf was the head chef at the award-winning restaurant MoMo in Melbourne for 11 years before leaving in 2012 to take over the famous Petersham Nurseries in the United Kingdom. He helped the restaurant retain its Michelin star – which was awarded a year earlier – based on his Middle Eastern menu. He's also written six cookbooks – a seventh is coming soon – and produces his own line of spices.