text:
Near-infrared photoabsorption by C-60 dianions in a storage ring
U. Kadhane, J. U. Andersen, E. Bonderup, B. Concina, P. Hvelplund, M. -B. Suhr Kirketerp, B. Liu, S. Brondsted Nielsen, S. Panja, J. Rangama, K. Stochkel, S. Tomita, H. Zettergren, K. Hansen, A. E. K. Sunden, Sophie Canton, O. Echt, J. S. Forster
We present a detailed study of the electronic structure and the stability of C-60 dianions in the gas phase. Monoanions were extracted from a plasma source and converted to dianions by electron transfer in a Na vapor cell. The dianions were then stored in an electrostatic ring, and their near-infrared absorption spectrum was measured by observation of laser induced electron detachment. From the time dependence of the detachment after photon absorption, we conclude that the reaction has contributions from both direct electron tunneling to the continuum and vibrationally assisted tunneling after internal conversion. This implies that the height of the Coulomb barrier confining the attached electrons is at least similar to 1.5 eV. For C-60(2-) ions in solution electron spin resonance measurements have indicated a singlet ground state, and from the similarity of the absorption spectra we conclude that also the ground state of isolated C-60(2-) ions is singlet. The observed spectrum corresponds to an electronic transition from a t(1u) lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of C-60 to the t(1g) LUMO+1 level. The electronic levels of the dianion are split due to Jahn-Teller coupling to quadrupole deformations of the molecule, and a main absorption band at 10723 cm(-1) corresponds to a transition between the Jahn-Teller ground states. Also transitions from pseudorotational states with 200 cm(-1) and (probably) 420 cm(-1) excitation are observed. We argue that a very broad absorption band from about 11 500 cm(-1) to 13 500 cm(-1) consists of transitions to so-called cone states, which are Jahn-Teller states on a higher potential-energy surface, stabilized by a pseudorotational angular momentum barrier. A previously observed, high-lying absorption band for C-60(-) may also be a transition to a cone state.
Journal of Chemical Physics
The record was previously connected to the following departments: Chemical Physics (S) (011001060)
Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
potential energy surfaces
paramagnetic resonance
nonradiative transitions
Jahn-Teller effect
infrared spectra
ground states
fullerenes
charge exchange
electron detachment
rotational states
tunnelling
vibrational states
Dive into the research topics of 'Near-infrared photoabsorption by C-60 dianions in a storage ring'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
photoabsorption Physics & Astronomy 100%
Ground State Chemical Compounds 67%
Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital Chemical Compounds 64%
absorption spectra Physics & Astronomy 63%
Tunneling Chemical Compounds 57%
Electron Detachment Chemical Compounds 41%
Angular Momentum Chemical Compounds 41%
Absorption Spectrum Chemical Compounds 41%
Kadhane, U., Andersen, J. U., Bonderup, E., Concina, B., Hvelplund, P., Kirketerp, M. -B. S., Liu, B., Nielsen, S. B., Panja, S., Rangama, J., Stochkel, K., Tomita, S., Zettergren, H., Hansen, K., Sunden, A. E. K., Canton, S., Echt, O., & Forster, J. S. (2009). Near-infrared photoabsorption by C-60 dianions in a storage ring. Journal of Chemical Physics, 131(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3149775
Kadhane, U. ; Andersen, J. U. ; Bonderup, E. ; Concina, B. ; Hvelplund, P. ; Kirketerp, M. -B. Suhr ; Liu, B. ; Nielsen, S. Brondsted ; Panja, S. ; Rangama, J. ; Stochkel, K. ; Tomita, S. ; Zettergren, H. ; Hansen, K. ; Sunden, A. E. K. ; Canton, Sophie ; Echt, O. ; Forster, J. S. / Near-infrared photoabsorption by C-60 dianions in a storage ring. In: Journal of Chemical Physics. 2009 ; Vol. 131, No. 1.
@article{c435a1accfd64d228657f676ce14dcb9,
title = "Near-infrared photoabsorption by C-60 dianions in a storage ring",
abstract = "We present a detailed study of the electronic structure and the stability of C-60 dianions in the gas phase. Monoanions were extracted from a plasma source and converted to dianions by electron transfer in a Na vapor cell. The dianions were then stored in an electrostatic ring, and their near-infrared absorption spectrum was measured by observation of laser induced electron detachment. From the time dependence of the detachment after photon absorption, we conclude that the reaction has contributions from both direct electron tunneling to the continuum and vibrationally assisted tunneling after internal conversion. This implies that the height of the Coulomb barrier confining the attached electrons is at least similar to 1.5 eV. For C-60(2-) ions in solution electron spin resonance measurements have indicated a singlet ground state, and from the similarity of the absorption spectra we conclude that also the ground state of isolated C-60(2-) ions is singlet. The observed spectrum corresponds to an electronic transition from a t(1u) lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of C-60 to the t(1g) LUMO+1 level. The electronic levels of the dianion are split due to Jahn-Teller coupling to quadrupole deformations of the molecule, and a main absorption band at 10723 cm(-1) corresponds to a transition between the Jahn-Teller ground states. Also transitions from pseudorotational states with 200 cm(-1) and (probably) 420 cm(-1) excitation are observed. We argue that a very broad absorption band from about 11 500 cm(-1) to 13 500 cm(-1) consists of transitions to so-called cone states, which are Jahn-Teller states on a higher potential-energy surface, stabilized by a pseudorotational angular momentum barrier. A previously observed, high-lying absorption band for C-60(-) may also be a transition to a cone state.",
keywords = "potential energy surfaces, paramagnetic resonance, nonradiative transitions, Jahn-Teller effect, infrared spectra, ground states, fullerenes, charge exchange, electron detachment, rotational states, tunnelling, vibrational states",
author = "U. Kadhane and Andersen, {J. U.} and E. Bonderup and B. Concina and P. Hvelplund and Kirketerp, {M. -B. Suhr} and B. Liu and Nielsen, {S. Brondsted} and S. Panja and J. Rangama and K. Stochkel and S. Tomita and H. Zettergren and K. Hansen and Sunden, {A. E. K.} and Sophie Canton and O. Echt and Forster, {J. S.}",
note = "The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Chemical Physics (S) (011001060)",
doi = "10.1063/1.3149775",
journal = "Journal of Chemical Physics",
publisher = "American Institute of Physics (AIP)",
Kadhane, U, Andersen, JU, Bonderup, E, Concina, B, Hvelplund, P, Kirketerp, M-BS, Liu, B, Nielsen, SB, Panja, S, Rangama, J, Stochkel, K, Tomita, S, Zettergren, H, Hansen, K, Sunden, AEK, Canton, S, Echt, O & Forster, JS 2009, 'Near-infrared photoabsorption by C-60 dianions in a storage ring', Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 131, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3149775
Near-infrared photoabsorption by C-60 dianions in a storage ring. / Kadhane, U.; Andersen, J. U.; Bonderup, E.; Concina, B.; Hvelplund, P.; Kirketerp, M. -B. Suhr; Liu, B.; Nielsen, S. Brondsted; Panja, S.; Rangama, J.; Stochkel, K.; Tomita, S.; Zettergren, H.; Hansen, K.; Sunden, A. E. K.; Canton, Sophie; Echt, O.; Forster, J. S.
In: Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 131, No. 1, 2009.
T1 - Near-infrared photoabsorption by C-60 dianions in a storage ring
AU - Kadhane, U.
AU - Andersen, J. U.
AU - Bonderup, E.
AU - Concina, B.
AU - Hvelplund, P.
AU - Kirketerp, M. -B. Suhr
AU - Liu, B.
AU - Nielsen, S. Brondsted
AU - Panja, S.
AU - Rangama, J.
AU - Stochkel, K.
AU - Tomita, S.
AU - Zettergren, H.
AU - Hansen, K.
AU - Sunden, A. E. K.
AU - Canton, Sophie
AU - Echt, O.
AU - Forster, J. S.
N1 - The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Chemical Physics (S) (011001060)
N2 - We present a detailed study of the electronic structure and the stability of C-60 dianions in the gas phase. Monoanions were extracted from a plasma source and converted to dianions by electron transfer in a Na vapor cell. The dianions were then stored in an electrostatic ring, and their near-infrared absorption spectrum was measured by observation of laser induced electron detachment. From the time dependence of the detachment after photon absorption, we conclude that the reaction has contributions from both direct electron tunneling to the continuum and vibrationally assisted tunneling after internal conversion. This implies that the height of the Coulomb barrier confining the attached electrons is at least similar to 1.5 eV. For C-60(2-) ions in solution electron spin resonance measurements have indicated a singlet ground state, and from the similarity of the absorption spectra we conclude that also the ground state of isolated C-60(2-) ions is singlet. The observed spectrum corresponds to an electronic transition from a t(1u) lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of C-60 to the t(1g) LUMO+1 level. The electronic levels of the dianion are split due to Jahn-Teller coupling to quadrupole deformations of the molecule, and a main absorption band at 10723 cm(-1) corresponds to a transition between the Jahn-Teller ground states. Also transitions from pseudorotational states with 200 cm(-1) and (probably) 420 cm(-1) excitation are observed. We argue that a very broad absorption band from about 11 500 cm(-1) to 13 500 cm(-1) consists of transitions to so-called cone states, which are Jahn-Teller states on a higher potential-energy surface, stabilized by a pseudorotational angular momentum barrier. A previously observed, high-lying absorption band for C-60(-) may also be a transition to a cone state.
AB - We present a detailed study of the electronic structure and the stability of C-60 dianions in the gas phase. Monoanions were extracted from a plasma source and converted to dianions by electron transfer in a Na vapor cell. The dianions were then stored in an electrostatic ring, and their near-infrared absorption spectrum was measured by observation of laser induced electron detachment. From the time dependence of the detachment after photon absorption, we conclude that the reaction has contributions from both direct electron tunneling to the continuum and vibrationally assisted tunneling after internal conversion. This implies that the height of the Coulomb barrier confining the attached electrons is at least similar to 1.5 eV. For C-60(2-) ions in solution electron spin resonance measurements have indicated a singlet ground state, and from the similarity of the absorption spectra we conclude that also the ground state of isolated C-60(2-) ions is singlet. The observed spectrum corresponds to an electronic transition from a t(1u) lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of C-60 to the t(1g) LUMO+1 level. The electronic levels of the dianion are split due to Jahn-Teller coupling to quadrupole deformations of the molecule, and a main absorption band at 10723 cm(-1) corresponds to a transition between the Jahn-Teller ground states. Also transitions from pseudorotational states with 200 cm(-1) and (probably) 420 cm(-1) excitation are observed. We argue that a very broad absorption band from about 11 500 cm(-1) to 13 500 cm(-1) consists of transitions to so-called cone states, which are Jahn-Teller states on a higher potential-energy surface, stabilized by a pseudorotational angular momentum barrier. A previously observed, high-lying absorption band for C-60(-) may also be a transition to a cone state.
KW - potential energy surfaces
KW - paramagnetic resonance
KW - nonradiative transitions
KW - Jahn-Teller effect
KW - infrared spectra
KW - ground states
KW - fullerenes
KW - charge exchange
KW - electron detachment
KW - rotational states
KW - tunnelling
KW - vibrational states
U2 - 10.1063/1.3149775
DO - 10.1063/1.3149775
JO - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF - Journal of Chemical Physics
Kadhane U, Andersen JU, Bonderup E, Concina B, Hvelplund P, Kirketerp M-BS et al. Near-infrared photoabsorption by C-60 dianions in a storage ring. Journal of Chemical Physics. 2009;131(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3149775


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The Delbert Anderson Trio with Def-I, 7:30 p.m. at the Sunflower Theatre, 8 E. Main St. Doors and cash bar open at 6:45 p.m. Tickets: www.sunflowertheatre.org and at the door.
A gathering of friends, allies, and family of the LGBTQ+ community, at 6:30 p.m., at St. Barnabas Church, 110 W. North St. for a showing of the documentary "Two Spirits." The film will be followed by a dialogue centered on how to support our LGBTQ+ teens. Details: 565-7865.
The Montelores Early Childhood Council's monthly meeting, 11:45 a.m. in downstairs meeting room 110 in the Johnson Building, 925 S. Broadway. The public is invited. Lunch will be provided; RSVP at 970-749-7017.
Meeting of the oral language development group Talk, Grow, Learn, 10 a.m. before the monthly Montelores Early Childhood Council meeting, at the Johnson Building, 925 S. Broadway Room 110. Details: 570-5802 or bfinch@3riversed.org.
The Hisatsinom Chapter of the Colorado Archaeology Society presents Kristin Kuckelman, 7 p.m. at the Methodist Church, 515 Park St., to discuss "Thirteenth Century in the Northern San Juan: It was the Best of Times, It was the Worst of Times." Details: Kari Schleher, 505-269-4475.
SouthWest Colorado Concerts presents The Dallas Brass, 7 p.m. at the Montezuma-Cortez High School Auditorium. Doors open at 6:30 p.m. for season ticket holders. Tickets are $25 for adults, $10 for youths, at the door. Details: Jason Witt, 570-9051 or Lindsay Havran, 565-7676.
The San Juan Basin Archaeological Society hosts Jeanne Brako, 7 p.m., in the Lyceum at the Center of Southwest Studies at Fort Lewis College, for a presentation about Navajo, Pueblo and Hispanic Textiles. A social begins at 6:30 p.m. Brako is the curator of Collections and Public Programs at the Center of Southwest Studies. Details: sjbas.org.
Colorado State University soil health and cover crops workshop, at the Dove Creek Community Center in Dove Creek. Lunch provided for participants who register before Jan. 27; after Jan. 27, cost is $15 per participant. Details: 970-562-4255 or email Courtney.Roseberry@colostate.edu.
The Four Corners Back Country Horsemen's monthly meeting, 7 p.m. at Bayfield Town Hall. Aaron Kimple, of Forest Health at the Mountain Studies Institute, will discuss climate change that affects Southwest Colorado and ways to address the issue. Nonmembers are always welcome to attend. Details: www.4cbch.org or Cathy Roberts at 970-749-0316 or cathyroberts08@gmail.com.
The League of Women Voters of Montezuma County's monthly meeting, 9 a.m. at the Ponderosa Restaurant in Dolores. The speaker will be Richard Moser, a retired history professor from Fort Lewis College who lives in Mancos. He will discuss the Bill of Rights and how it affects issues in our lives today. Interested persons are welcome to attend.
Southwestern Colorado Livestock Association, at the Cortez Elks Lodge. Morning session with U.S. Rep. Scott Tipton and county and state officials, lunch at noon, business meeting and election at 1 p.m., dinner and auction at 7 p.m., dance at 9 p.m. featuring music by The Vanishing Breed. Details: Lynelle Brumley at 565-1972.
Anasazi Heritage Center's special exhibit, "Weaving Stories: Basketry in the Southwest," exploring the history of basket-making technology from thousands of years ago to current artisans. Baskets from the AHC collections, the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe, Twin Rocks Trading Post in Bluff, and Mesa Verde National Park Details: https://on.doi.gov/2l1c9Ym or call 970-882-5600.
Apply to the Southwest Colorado Community College nursing programs, between 10 a.m. and 1 p.m. to have a member of the faculty go over your application on either the Durango and Mancos Campus. Applications are due this spring. Details: 970-564-6221.
For Pets' Sake Humane Society monthly board meeting, 6:30 p.m. at the Cortez Public Library, 202 N. Park St. Discussion includes the group's finances, pet assistance programs and fundraising efforts, including the Spring Yard Sale. All are welcome. Details: 970-565-PETS/7387.
"Is Humanity Evolving Morally?," will be the topic at the "How You Can Be Part of a Christian Community with Integrity and Not Believe All Those Things You Thought You Had to Believe," 6:30 p.m., 110 W. North St. Questions required. No answers promised. Details: 565-7865.
It's About Heart family night, 5:50-7 p.m. at the Johnson building, 925 S. Broadway. Free dinner and family activities. Details: 970-564-3211 or mecc@monteloresecc.org.
The U.S. Air Force Academy Band performs a free concert, 7 p.m. at the Montezuma-Cortez High School, 418 S. Sligo St. in Cortez. Doors open at 6 p.m., audience must be seated by 6:45 p.m. Details and tickets: Colorado Welcome Center at 970-565-4048 and 928 E. Main St.
Cortez Middle School PTO will meet, 5 p.m. in the middle school library. The meeting is open to all community members. Input and participation is encouraged. Snacks and child care provided.
Displays at the Cortez Public Library, 202 N. Park St.: William Randall photography; Dolores Mountain Quilters' quilts; Lester Cranor's antique barbed wire; Anna Cranor's unicorns. Details: 970-565-8117.
Free pre-diabetes class, 3:30 p.m.–5 p.m. One-day class to learn how to make healthy lifestyle changes to delay or prevent the onset of Type 2 diabetes. To sign up or for more information contact RN Jamie Ritthaler, 970-564-2352 or jritthaler@swhealth.org.
9Health Fair, Cortez Recreation Center. Visit www.9healthfair.org for more information.
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9Health Fair, Mancos High School. Visit www.9healthfair.org for more information.
Free pre-diabetes class, 11 a.m.–12:30 p.m., Southwest Memorial Hospital. One-day class to learn how to make healthy lifestyle changes to delay or prevent the onset of Type 2 diabetes. To sign up or for more information contact RN Jamie Ritthaler, 970-564-2352 or jritthaler@swhealth.org.
Free pre-diabetes class, 3:30-5 p.m., Southwest Memorial Hospital. One-day class to learn how to make healthy lifestyle changes to delay or prevent the onset of Type 2 diabetes. To sign up or for more information contact RN Jamie Ritthaler, 970-564-2352 or jritthaler@swhealth.org.
Free nondenominational silent meditation, in the Johnson Building at 7 p.m. at 925 Broadway, No. 184. Call 970-560-2822.
Cortez Public Library computer and tech tutoring, 202 N. Park. Call 970-565-8117 or visit the library for an appointment.
The Cortez Emblem Club 261 meets, 5:30 p.m. at the Cortez Elks Lodge. Details and to confirm: President Judi Lichliter at 565-7370.
American Legion Ute Mountain Post 75 meets, 7 p.m. at the Legion Hall, 320 N. Harrison St. Details: 565-8151.
The Mesa Verde Back Country Horsemen meet, Elks Lodge in Cortez at 6:15 p.m. (except December). Buy a taco or hamburger and drink. The meeting starts at 7 p.m. Details: www.mesaverdehorsemen.com.
Diabetes support group meets, 3:30–5 p.m. in the Kiva Room at Southwest Memorial Hospital. Learn to manage diabetes; share ideas. Sessions are free and open to anyone with Type 1 or 2 diabetes. Contact Laura White, RD, at 564-2276 for details.
Montezuma County Republican Central Committee meets, noon at Shiloh Steakhouse. Email Jan Gardner at montezumagop@gmail.com or call 565-2197.
Bariatric Surgery Weight Loss Support Group meets, 5-6:30 p.m. in the Kiva Room at Southwest Memorial Hospital. Share ideas and exchange information. Free. Details: Laura White, 564-2276.
The Disabled American Veterans' monthly meeting, The Veterans Outreach Center, 7 W. First St., Cortez. Lunch at noon, meeting at 12:30 p.m. Details: 560-2793.
KIRTAN in Cortez (Bhakti Yoga practice), 6-8 p.m., at Heart and Core Yoga Studio, 30 W. Main, Cortez. All are welcome. $10 donation suggested. Details: Jennie Nuriya 970-903-0907.
Be surrounded by the sense of Mystery during Evensong, contemplative, candlelit, chanted evening meditation, at 7 p.m., St. Barnabas Church, 110 W. North St. Details: 565-7865.
Four Corners Square Dancers dance the first and third Saturdays of each month, and lessons start on Jan. 23 at 6:30 p.m. at Kemper Elementary School. Details: 565-4033, 749-9682 or 565-9836.
The Ute Mountain High School Rodeo Team meets, 6 p.m. in the outdoor arena at the fairgrounds. Details: Karen, 970-560-2657.
The Cortez Beading Guild meets, 5 p.m. in the Cortez library conference room. All skill levels and talents welcome. Details: 970-529-0149.
Support group for people with disabilities meets, 2–3:30 p.m. at 2409 Empire St. Sponsored by the Southwest Center for Independence. Details: 970-570-8001 or e-mail Luanne@swilc.org.
The Montezuma County Historical Society meets for a no-host luncheon, 11:30 a.m. The public is invited to attend. Call Ann Wilson Brown at 565-2747 for the meeting place.
The Southwest Art League meets, each month. Details and locations, 882-4770.
Montezuma County Hospital District monthly board of directors meets, 6-8 p.m. in the Kiva Room at Southwest Memorial Hospital. Public is welcome. Details: 564-2146.
The Southwest Woodworkers Guild meets, 7 p.m. at various locations. Beginners and experts welcome. Details: Tom, 882-7360.
Montezuma County Republican Women meet, noon at Shiloh Steakhouse at Veach and Main streets. All are welcome. Details: Rosemarie Beall, 564-1576.
Free estate planning seminar, 5-7 p.m., Vectra Bank Conference Room, 350 W. Montezuma Ave. Overview of estate planning issues, including wills, trusts, living wills, powers of attorney. RSVP requested at erin@fone.net. Details: 303-588-2695.
The Compassionate Friends Four Corners Chapter, for Families Following the Death of a Child meets, 7 p.m. at the Hospice Building, 1345 S. Broadway, Cortez. Use kitchen entrance. Call Cherie at 565-6480 or Debbie at 565-4732.
The Cortez Area Chamber of Commerce Luncheon, noon at Shiloh Steakhouse. Call 565-3414.
Caregiver/advocate support group for caregivers of any person with Alzheimer's, dementia or chronic illness at 6 p.m. at the Methodist Church, 515 N. Park St.
Christian Motorcycle Association Cortez Chapter, 8 a.m. breakfast, 9 a.m. chapter meeting and 10 a.m. ride (weather permitting). At Jack & Janelle's, 801 E. Main St. Details: Steve Reed, 970-565-7233. No motorcycle required.
The Cortez Fire Protection District's CPR and First-aid certification classes, 9 a.m., Station 1, 30 N. Ash St. Courses are six to eight hours and include CPR/AED, CPR/AED and first-aid, Healthcare Provider CPR. Minimum class size is four. Register: 565-3157.
4 Corners Republican Women's Club meets, 11:30 a.m. at the Cortez Elks Lodge. Details: 565-2197.
The Cortez Beading Guild meets, noon in the Cortez library conference room. All skill levels and talents welcome. Details: 970-529-0149.
The Four Corners Community Band practice, 6:30-8:30 p.m. at the First Baptist Church in Cortez at Market and North streets. New members welcome. Details: 882-2522 or fourcornerscommunityband.com.
Bridge players needed, at 1:30 p.m., Montezuma Valley Presbyterian Church, 305 S. Washington St. Everyone is invited; entry-level and up. Mentors welcome. Details: 565-6088 or 565-7024.
Sitting in the quiet, meditation, contemplation, centering prayer, 12:15–12:45 p.m., St. Barnabas Church, 110 W. North St. Details: 565-7865.
Karaoke at Blondie's Trophy Room, 8 p.m. to midnight. Hosted by JR Stafford. Details: 739-4944.
Raising Readers Storytime, 10:30 a.m. at the Cortez Public Library, 202 N. Park St., Cortez. Older children may join us for a craft at 11:15 a.m. The schedule for February: Groundhog Day, Feb. 2; Hearts, Feb. 9; Dentists/teeth, Feb. 16; Birds, Feb. 23. Songs, stories, crafts and silliness. Details: 970-565-8117.
Bingo at the Cortez Elks Club, 2100 N. Dolores Road. Early Bird game at 6:45 p.m., with others to follow. Doors open at 5:30 p.m. with food and beverages available. Pots vary in payoffs with two progressive payoff games. Special giveaways at different times.
Overeaters Anonymous weekly meetings, 8 p.m. at the Cortez Dental office, 43 W. Montezuma Ave. (on the corner of Montezuma and Chestnut). Details: 970-799-2183.
TOPS (Take off Pounds Sensibly), meets at 11 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. in the Community Room at the Cortez Public Library. Details: 970-882-4369.
Genesis Study utilizing Chuck Misler's Genesis Commentary, 6:30 p.m. at Tree of Life In'Jesus, 1509 Colorado 145. Ongoing discussion, praise and worship after. Workbook and notes are optional. Details: 970-562-6311.
Free silent nondenominational silent meditation, 10 a.m. at The Woozledoozer, 925 S. Broadway No. 211. Call 970-560-2822 (Pixy).
Yoga for students, Heart and Core Yoga Studio, 30 W. Main St. Class for high school students noon-1 p.m.; middle school students at 1:15-2:15 p.m. A well-rounded experience for all abilities. Parents welcome, but not required. Details: 739-0547, www.heartandcoreyoga.com.
The Unitarian Universalists meet, 10:30 a.m. upstairs in the Cortez Cultural Center, with presentations on comparative philosophies and religions. Details: 970-677-4189.
Course in Miracles meeting, 7-9 p.m., two miles north on Road 25. All are welcome. Details: Larry at 970-565-4286.
Dolores secondary PTO meets, 3:45 p.m. in Mr. Thurston's office. Email Heather Alvarez at halvarez0722@gmail.com or call Tif at 903-8752.
K9 Search & Rescue Team meets at the Dog House, 7:30 p.m., for training. Open to the public. Volunteers are needed for response, training and administration. No dogs needed Details: 970-882-4746.
After-school programs, 3:30–4:30 p.m., at Dolores Public Library, 1002 Railroad Ave. Pre-registration required. Call Shaine at 882-4127 or email Shaine@doloreslibrary.org.
Technology/software help with Microsoft Word, email, digital pictures, etc. Free at 2-5 p.m., the Dolores Library, 1002 Railroad Ave. Details: 882-4127.
Civil Air Patrol Mesa Verde Cadet Squadron meets, 6:30–8:30 p.m. at K9 Search & Rescue in Dolores. Details: Maj. Debrah Archer, 970-759-5669.
Bingo night at the Dolores Community Center, 400 Riverside Ave. A light supper starts at 6:30 p.m. for a $5 donation, followed by bingo at 7 p.m. Sponsored by the Dolores Rotary Club. The schedule and benefactors: Jan. 31, Destination Imagination; Feb. 28, Disabled Veterans (DAV); March 28, Operation Graduation; April 25, Dolores Community Center. Details: Denis Boon at 970-560-0404.
Dolores Public Library Storytime, 10 a.m. throughout the year. Each Storytime will include stories, crafts, and more.
Baby/toddler Story Time, for infants, toddlers and their caregivers are invited to story time, 10 a.m. in the Dolores Public Library meeting room, . More info at DoloresLibrary.org or 882-4127.
Preschool Story Time, for preschool-aged children and their caregivers are invited to story time, 10 a.m. in the library meeting room, 1002 Railroad Ave. Details: DoloresLibrary.org or 882-4127.
Free bridge lessons, 1-3 p.m. Learn how to play bridge using the Goren PointCount Method. For beginning bridge players or players who want practice. Drop-ins welcome. Details: Kathy Sehnert, kssehnert@gmail.com or text 970-739-9654.
A free legal self-help clinic, for Montezuma County parties without an attorney are 2-3:30 p.m. at the Mancos Public Library, 211 W. First St. Volunteer attorneys will assist one-on-one, via computer link. First-come, first-served. Details: 970-564-5029 from 8 a.m.–12 p.m. and 970-564-5073 from 1–5 p.m.
The Montezuma County VFW Post 5231 and Auxiliary meets, 7 p.m. at the Post home in Mancos. Will open at 5:30 for a meet-and-greet, entertainment and food provided.
Teen Movie Nights at the Mancos Public Library, 7–10 p.m. in the Mancos Public Library Community Meeting Room. View a movie on the library's big screen. Details and schedule: 533-7600. Snacks provided.
The Mancos Water Conservancy District board meets, 7 p.m. at the district's office, 42599 Road N, Mancos. Info: Gary Kennedy, 533-7325.
The Mancos Community Dinners, each month at Mt. Lookout Grange in Mancos (680 Grand Ave). Pay-what-you-can dinner, bring a dish if you want. To help or donate, call Gretchen, 509-830-4380.
The Mancos School District Re-6 Board of Education meets, 7 p.m., 395 W. Grand Ave., Room 503, Mancos. Work session at 6 p.m.; special meetings as needed.
Play video games at the Mancos Public Library, until 5 p.m.
Teen Nights at the Mancos Public Library, 7–10 p.m. during the school year. Games on Wii, PS4, Xbox One and snacks.
Monthly Civil Air Patrol Senior Squadron, monthly meeting, 6:30 p.m., First Baptist Church of Mancos, 150 N. Walnut St. Call 970-759-7012.
The Mancos Public Library Board of Trustees meets, 5 p.m. in the library meeting room, 211 W. First St. Info: 533-7600.
The Mancos Historical Society meets, at the Mancos Methodist Church Fellowship Hall, 470 W. Grand Ave., new time of 5 p.m.
Knit or crochet at the Mancos Public Library, 6-7 p.m. Teens and adults are welcome. Free. Limited supplies of knitting materials, so bring your own if possible. Sign up at mancoslibrary.org or call 970-533-7600 ext. 206 or email kgraf@mancoslibrary.org.
Kids Storytime at the Mancos Public Library, 10:30-11:30 a.m. A bilingual, seasonal story time for ages birth through 6 years old.
Yoga Flow with Lily, 9:30-11 a.m. at the Grange. Call 847-819-2039.
"Joyful Noise" Children's Choir starting in Mancos, 4 p.m. at St. Paul's Church, corner of Bauer and Oak. For grades K-6, Home-schoolers welcome.
Game Daze, 3:45-5 p.m., Mancos Public Library. For kids 8–12; opportunities to play technologically innovative computer-generated games.
Presentation on Parks and Wildlife plan to reduce deer's predators, 6:30-8 p.m. Tuesday, Feb. 7, at the Ridgway Community Center/Town Hall, 201 N. Railroad St. The public is invited. Details: northernsanjuanbroadband@gmail.com.
Free Radon Informational Class, 5:50 p.m. on Feb. 8 and 2:30 p.m. on Feb. 14, Fairgrounds Extension Building, 2500 Main Ave. Details and registration: Wendy Rice at the Extension Office, 970-382-6461. A limited number of screening will be available free to those who register.


Apply your knowledge of the AICPA's Peer Reviewer program to a practical application case study. This course features realistic case studies that encompass the most important elements of a system peer review, as well as several case studies pertaining to an engagement review. As a current or future team and/or review captain, you learn to successfully plan for, perform, and report on both system and engagement reviews. You are also introduced to the administrative and committee roles in the peer review program.
Analyze the process of how to effectively plan system and engagement peer reviews.
Identify steps needed to understand a firm's system of quality control.
Identify procedures used in testing the firm's system.
Choose recommendations for follow-up action to the administrating entity.
Identify the impact and effect that organizational issues have on a firm's system of quality control.


text:
J-Tech Digital JTD4KSP0301 HDMI switcher review
Get more HDMI ports with this excellent HDMI switcher from J-Tech, complete with remote.
By Ryan Brown published 8 January 20
The J-Tech digital switcher worked with all the devices we tested, switched quickly between devices and supports 4K. If you're looking for an HDMI switcher, this is the best we could find.
Compact build
Awkward MHL cable port
To expand the number of HDMI ports on your TV, the J-Tech Digital JTD4KSP0301 is unbeaten in our testing. As such it tops our best HDMI switchers list for this year.
It comes with three HDMI input ports and a remote that you can use to switch between sources. It supports resolutions up to 4K – as long as your TV has the same version of HDCP content encryption, version 1.4.
In our tests, it switched between sources in under three seconds. If your setup requires more than three inputs, you should consider the Kinivo 501BN because it comes with five HDMI ports. (J-Tech does manufacture a five-port switcher, but it does not support 4K resolutions.)
J-Tech Digital JTD4KSP0301 review: Design and build
J-Tech Digital JTD4KSP0301 at Amazon for $34.99
The switcher weighs only 4 ounces and is small enough to fit on your TV stand without taking up too much space. Unfortunately, this switcher doesn't have an external IR sensor so you have to leave the box visible to change the ports with the included remote.
If you do hide the box out of the way, you can toggle ports with the button on the front of the device, but the remote is the easiest way to switch between sources. You'll also need to set it up near an available power outlet, since it doesn't function without the included power supply.
This switcher supports HDMI version 1.4b as well as HDCP version 1.4. That means it's rated for 4K video, though you have to be sure all of your devices and your TV have the right HDMI versions and HDCP support as well. This device also supports 3D video.
J-Tech Digital JTD4KSP0301: Features and performance
The J-Tech digital switcher's auto-switching capabilities allow it to automatically detect new devices as you plug them in or turn them on. Apple TVs and other devices that stay powered on in standby mode can trip up this feature in some devices, but in our testing the J-Tech was able to auto-switch even with an Apple TV plugged in.
This device received an A+ score on our ease-of-use test. It was simple and straightforward to plug the HDMI cables into the back of the switcher and connect the included power supply. The remote worked well, and we were able to toggle between ports without any trouble.
All of the devices we tried worked with the switcher the first time except for one Samsung smartphone and MHL cable. We had to plug and unplug the cable several times for the sound to come through. We didn't have this problem with other switches such as the Monoprice 5X1 and the Kinivo 501BN.
The J-Tech digital switcher's remote control was the best we tested. It feels solid and doesn't require pinpoint accuracy, like some of the other switchers we tested. Aim the remote in the general direction of the switch and it will work.
This device comes with a one-year warranty. If you have problems with your switcher, you can call or email the J-Tech support team. When we called to ask a question about our unit, we received prompt, specific help that solved our problem. Unfortunately, there are no FAQs on J-Tech's website, so you'll need to pick up a phone to get help with your device.
Should I buy the J-Tech Digital JTD4KSP0301?
If you're looking for an inexpensive HDMI switcher that works with 4K video and is easy to set up, the J-Tech Digital JTD4KSP0301 is the best such device we looked at. It has a great remote and is compatible with HDMI 1.4b and HDCP 1.4.
If you need more than three extra HDMI ports, we recommend the Monoprice 5X1 Enhanced HDMI switch. Otherwise, this switch will work best for most people's needs.
Today's best J-Tech Digital JTD4KSP0301 deals
471 Amazon customer reviews
Ryan is a Utah resident and experienced marketing professional. He worked for Top Ten Reviews in 2017, and tested a wide variety of products while he was working for the site - from Sports Ticketing websites to DNA test kits. He now works a Brand Advocacy Manager at Dell for the XPS series of laptops.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Résumé : Background. In recent years, temporary work (TW) has increased in European countries due to the greater uncertainty in the economy.
Aims. To compare the prevalence of non-specific musculoskeletal symptoms of the upper extremities (UEMSDs) and their main risk factors in blue-collar workers employed through temporary agencies (TW) and in those in permanent employment (PE).
Methods. UEMSDs occurring during the preceding 7 days were assessed using a Nordic questionnaire completed by 1493 blue-collar workers randomly included in a surveillance programme for UEMSDs (171 in TW and 1322 in PE) in a large French region. Personal factors and work-related risk factors for UEMSDs were assessed by self-administered questionnaires.
Results. The prevalence of UEMSDs during the preceding 7 days did not significantly differ between workers in TW or PE, except for symptoms of the wrist/hand region [prevalence 20%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 14-26 versus 15%, 95% CI 13-17, P < 0.05]. TW was characterized by higher exposure to paced work (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.4-3.0), repetitive work (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.6-3.4), awkward postures of the wrist (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.4) and intensive use of vibrating hand tools (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.3). Workers in TW suffered from a lack of autonomy (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.7-3.6) and skill discretion at work (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.1) more frequently, but there was no difference in relation to psychological demands of the task or social support.
Conclusions. Temporary workers were more frequently exposed to working time constraints, repetitive work and biomechanical constraints of the wrist/hand region when compared to permanent workers and may represent a subpopulation at particularly high risk of UEMSDs.


text:
Sunetra Arun Paranjpe (born 9 May 1980) is an Indian former cricketer and current cricket coach. She played as a right-handed batter, right-arm medium bowler and occasional wicket-keeper. She appeared in three Test matches and 28 One Day Internationals for India between 2002 and 2007. She played domestic cricket for Mumbai, Railways and Gujarat.

In February 2021 she was appointed as head coach of Baroda Women. She was also head coach of Trailblazers for the 2022 Women's T20 Challenge.

References

External links

Living people
1980 births
Cricketers from Mumbai
Indian women cricketers
India women Test cricketers
India women One Day International cricketers
Mumbai women cricketers
Railways women cricketers
Gujarat women cricketers
West Zone women cricketers
Central Zone women cricketers
Indian cricket coaches

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


DELIGHTFUL MOM STUFF: I Like to Move It!
This time of year is all about finding inside activities since it is so cold here, but we tend to get cabin fever really easily (I know my warm weather friends are playing at the park, but this could still apply to you!!). We do exercise time, art time, baking time, music time, movie time, even snow playing time, but nothing is as delightful as simply redecorating! When I notice the feeling that I am going to suffocate if I enter the playroom or the girls rooms one more time, I know it is time! Simply moving the location of the play kitchen or putting away some toys we haven't played with in a while does wonders. My girls feel like it is a whole new place and rediscover toys they haven't played with in a while. I try to move things around in the play area once a month to make sure it stays "fresh" for them and for me! This is also a good opportunity to get rid of or store toys your kids have outgrown. So, if you are feeling stuffy or locked in, simply have a toy redesign day and it will make everyone feel so much better!


text:
New Yorkers fleeing for Florida and Texas as mobility surges
America's real-estate meccas aren't what they used to be, as Covid-19 has revived U.S. mobility.
Far more people moved to Idaho, South Carolina, Oregon and Vermont than left during the pandemic, according to data provided to Bloomberg News by United Van Lines. On the other hand, the reverse was true for New York and New Jersey. Many of their residents moved to Florida, Texas and other Sunbelt states between March and July.
As August closes Monday with another move-out deadline, signs point to a sharp turn in U.S. mobility. Relocations reached an all-time low last year, according to the Brookings Institution's tracking.
Thanks to the pandemic, luxury hotels become home
Real estate pain leaves foreign investors holding the bag
"We have seen increased mobility across the states—driven by a fear of living in densely populated areas, a realization that the 'old normal' of commuting into a city office is still but a distant possibility, and the realization that remote work can be an effective, long-term option," said Gregory Daco, chief U.S. economist at Oxford Economics.
Four charts
Official Census Bureau data won't be able to confirm for several months how much mobility has increased, but trends are emerging.
About one in five Americans either have relocated during the pandemic or know someone who has, according to a Pew Research Center survey published July 6.
The beneficiaries have been competitors to dense cities that seem too crowded in a public-health emergency. Cities in Florida, Texas, California and North Carolina accounted for a little less than half of New Yorker relocations, data from United Van Lines show.
Comedian Jerry Seinfeld deplored the trend in a New York Times commentary Aug. 24. "Energy, attitude and personality cannot be 'remoted' through even the best fiber-optic lines," he wrote.
Do-it-yourself moves "have increased considerably and consistently over the summer months" for U-Haul International, which rents trucks and vans, said company spokesman Jeff Lockridge, who declined to disclose exact figures.
About a quarter of 2,000 real estate agents surveyed in late June said some homebuyers have altered the location of where they are looking to purchase because of Covid-19. Those who shifted were now looking at suburbs and smaller towns, with fewer people looking at central cities, agents said.
Coronavirus flight is particularly high in New Jersey and New York, where two thirds of United Van Lines' moves are for relocations out of those states.
The number of people looking to move from New York City during the pandemic nearly doubled from a year earlier, while interest in leaving the San Francisco Bay area jumped 31%, said Eily Cummings, spokeswoman for United Van Lines' parent company, UniGroup.
California, Connecticut and Illinois—three other states with big urban populations—are among those losing out during the pandemic.
The winners among the states, meanwhile, have been less densely populated areas. Vermont topped UniGroup's list.
Truck-rental prices provide one clue to how desirable an area is for relocations.
A hypothetical move from New York City to Vermont is priced at $773, compared with $236 for the reverse trip, according to a Bloomberg analysis of U-Haul pricing. The price differential is due to numerous variables, one being that more people are moving out of a city than into it.
With many businesses arranging for employees to work from home and holding meetings via Zoom, William Frey, a Brookings Institution senior fellow and a demographer for the past four decades, said cities such as New York will be back over time.
"These recent population shifts, if real, will be short-lived and change when the pandemic subsides," Frey said. "Young adult Gen Zer's could find cities attractive" anew just as cities gained appeal among millennials after the 2007–2009 recession.
William Vale Hotel lays off workers amid industry's ongoing struggle
Zeckendorf, Suffolk Construction in talks to take over HFZ's troubled XI project
Naftali files plans for highly anticipated Williamsburg waterfront project
Sponsored Content: How Privately Held Companies Are Weathering the Pandemic
Our Real Estate Daily newsletter provides the top industry headlines and deals daily. Sign up today


Egypt's Health Ministry said Friday that five people were killed and six others injured in a bus crash on the Ismailia-Zagazig agricultural road.
Health Ministry spokesman Khaled Megahed said that five ambulances rushed to the scene, and all victims were taken to Ismailia General Hospital and al-Tal al-Kabeer Hospital.
He pointed out that the injuries ranged from bruises and abrasions in different places in the body, and there were suspicions of post-concussion and a suspected fracture of the spine, pointing out that all patients are receiving treatment and care in hospitals.
Egypt loses about 12,000 lives due to road traffic crashes every year.
It has a road traffic fatality rate of 42 deaths per 100,000 population, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The majority (48 percent) of those killed are passengers of four-wheel vehicles though pedestrians also constitute a significant proportion (20 percent) of these fatalities.
According to a Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) report on 2016 accidents, the highest cause of accidents was the human factor at 72.0 percent, followed by defects in vehicles (technical condition of the car) at 18.2 percent, and the environmental component (road condition) at 3.1 percent.


This purpose of this page is to recognize the generous contributions made to the club by it's individual members. Without these philantropic grants we could not continue function.
On behalf of the Alamo Rocketeers, I thank you, one and all.


text:
package org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.commit.staging;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.MockS3AFileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.commit.files.SuccessData;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.commit.staging.StagingTestBase.ClientErrors;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.commit.staging.StagingTestBase.ClientResults;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.statistics.IOStatisticsSnapshot;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobContext;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;

/**
 * Committer subclass that uses a mocked S3A connection for testing.
 */
class MockedStagingCommitter extends StagingCommitter {

  MockedStagingCommitter(Path outputPath,
      TaskAttemptContext context)
      throws IOException {
    super(outputPath, context);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the mock FS without checking FS type.
   * @param out output path
   * @param config job/task config
   * @return a filesystem.
   * @throws IOException IO failure
   */
  @Override
  protected FileSystem getDestinationFS(Path out, Configuration config)
      throws IOException {
    return out.getFileSystem(config);
  }

  @Override
  public void commitJob(JobContext context) throws IOException {
    // turn off stamping an output marker, as that codepath isn't mocked yet.
    super.commitJob(context);
    Configuration conf = context.getConfiguration();
    try {
      String jobCommitterPath = conf.get("mock-results-file");
      if (jobCommitterPath != null) {
        try (ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(
            FileSystem.getLocal(conf)
                .create(new Path(jobCommitterPath), false))) {
          out.writeObject(getResults());
        }
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      // do nothing, the test will fail
    }
  }

  @Override
  protected SuccessData maybeCreateSuccessMarker(JobContext context,
      List<String> filenames,
      final IOStatisticsSnapshot ioStatistics)
      throws IOException {
     //skipped
    return null;
  }

  public ClientResults getResults() throws IOException {
    MockS3AFileSystem mockFS = (MockS3AFileSystem)getDestS3AFS();
    return mockFS.getOutcome().getKey();
  }

  public ClientErrors getErrors() throws IOException {
    MockS3AFileSystem mockFS = (MockS3AFileSystem) getDestS3AFS();
    return mockFS.getOutcome().getValue();
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "MockedStagingCommitter{ " + super.toString() + " ";
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Earwig
Earwig, dir Lucile Hadzihalilovic, UK / France / Belgium 2021, 114 min., English, 15
Adapted from the chillingly bizarre novel by Brian Catling, the first English-language feature from acclaimed French director Lucile Hadžihalilović is a journey into the claustrophobic life of a singular young girl and her mysterious guardian.
In an unnamed European city around the middle of the last century, a middle-aged man named Albert (Paul Hilton) keeps watch over a young girl named Mia (Romane Hemelaers). Confined to her apartment, Mia has dentures made of ice, which Albert must fit for her every day. Time passes, and a man rings to ask after the young girl. And then one day, Albert is told that he must prepare the child to leave. Her third feature as elusive and atmospheric as its two precedessors, Innocence and Evolution, Hadžihalilović proves the perfect choice to adapt this one-of-a-kind story.
£13 Full, £11 Concessions, £6.50 Green/Blue Members
Weekday matinees: £8 Full, £6 Concessions, £4 Green/Blue Members
Tuesday evenings: £11, £5.50 Green/Blue Members
All films are ad-free and 18+ unless otherwise stated, and start with a 10 min. curated selection of trailers.
Red Members gain unlimited access to all exhibitions, films, talks, performances and Cinema 3.
Join today for £20/month.


text:
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Jolene Aiko Purdy is a movie and television actress based in the United States. Purdy starred as Cherita Chen in the 2001 film Donnie Darko.
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English Film & Television Actress Best Known for "Bend It Like Beckham"
Teri Polo
Actress, Best Known for her Role as Pam Byrnes in "Meet the Parents"
Logan Browning
Actress & Singer-Songwriter; Best Known for Her Roles in "Bratz: The Movie" & Netflix's "Dear White People"
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Actress Best Known for Saved by the Bell: The New Class, Goode Behavior and Pretty Little Liars
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Danielle Brooks talks about new series 'Peacemaker' and recent ...
Actress and Model
Amanda Walsh
Amanda has starred as a series regular in the ABC comedy Sons and Daughters and appeared on the big screen in films such as Disturbia and The Ghosts of Girlfriends Past
Actress Known for "Sharknado," "Nashville" and the Upcoming Film "Jem and the Holograms"
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Actress Known for Her Role as Sue Clearwater in "The Twilight Saga"
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An actress who infuses her characters with luminous strength and shrewd intelligence, Jennifer Ehle emerged in the mid-\'90s as one of England\'s most compelling new talents.


Are you a cheerful person, can you ring the bell, cross the threshold and change someone's day? Services for the Blind needs it's own bell-ringers to spend a little time with a neighbor who is legaly blind. They need a hand with shopping, reading, sorting mail and shredding the junk, going out for lunch or to the park or senior center.. A cheer specialis!
Volunteers will be matched within three to five miles of home or work but will need to make a one-time visit to BESB's Windsor office for an interview and sighted guide training.


text:
Q: Centralizers of regular elements are abelian Let $G$ be a complex semisimple Lie group with Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. In a particular paper, the following statement is made:

If $X\in\mathfrak{g}$ is regular (i.e. has centralizer of minimal dimension) then
  $$
Z_G(X) := \{g\in G:\mathrm{Ad}_gX=X\},
$$
  is abelian.

However, no justification is given, and I was wondering if anybody knows how to prove it or can point a reference discussing this.
The Lie algebra of $Z_G(X)$ is the centralizer $Z_{\mathfrak{g}}(X)$ of $X$ in $\mathfrak{g}$, and since $X$ is regular, $Z_{\mathfrak{g}}(X)$ is a Cartan subalgebra of $\mathfrak{g}$. In particular, $Z_{\mathfrak{g}}(X)$ is abelian and hence the identity component of $Z_G(X)$ is abelian. But the problem is that $Z_G(X)$ might not be connected.
For example, if $G=\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$, then $X=\left(\begin{smallmatrix}0&1\\0&0\end{smallmatrix}\right)$ is regular and
$$Z_G(X)=\left\{\begin{pmatrix}1&z\\0&1\end{pmatrix}:z\in\mathbb{C}\right\}\cup\left\{\begin{pmatrix}-1&z\\0&-1\end{pmatrix}:z\in\mathbb{C}\right\}$$
is abelian, but not connected.

A: Here is an attempted proof. We have that $Z_G(X)$ is the full preimage of $Z_H(X)$ under the covering central extension $\operatorname{Ad}$:
$$
1\longrightarrow C\longrightarrow G\overset{\operatorname{Ad}}\longrightarrow H\longrightarrow 1
\tag{*}
$$
where $C$ is the (discrete) center and $H=\operatorname{Ad}(G)$ the adjoint group of $G$. Now:

Theorem (Kostant 1963, Prop. 14). If $X$ is regular, then $Z_H(X)$ is connected abelian.

To deduce that $Z_G(X)$ is also abelian, pick $g_0$ and $g$ there, projecting to $h_0$ and $h_1$. Since $Z_H(X)$ is connected, it contains a continuous path $h_t$ from $h_0$ to $h_1$. Lift that to a continuous path $g_t$ in $Z_G(X)$ starting at $g_0$. Since $Z_H(X)$ is abelian, the path $c_t=g_tg_0g_t^{-1}g_0^{-1}$ satisfies
$$
\operatorname{Ad}(c_t)=h_th_0h_t^{-1}h_0^{-1}=1.
$$
So $c_t$ lies in the (discrete) center $C$, hence constantly equals $c_0=1$. So $g_0$ commutes with $g_1$. But $\operatorname{Ad}(g)=h_1=\operatorname{Ad}(g_1)$ shows that $g=g_1z$ for some $z\in C$. So $g_0$ commutes with $g$, too.

A: EDIT: The question and some of the responses are out of focus, so it's worth clarifying a few of the issues here.    First, the intended notion of "regular element" is unclear.   In Kostant's early papers, for example here, only regular semisimple elements in semisimple Lie groups are directly considered.  But later he broadened the definition.  In the general Lie group framework, there is no notion of "Jordan-Chevalley decomposition", so a broader definition of regularity was given by Steinberg for a connected semisimple algebraic group $G$ here.   An element $x \in G$ is called regular if its centralizer has dimension equal to the rank $\ell$ of $G$ (which is the least possible).
At the 1966 ICM in Moscow, Steinberg surveyed questions about conjugacy classes and regular elements
here.   Among the problems he raised were (14) and (15), asking whether regular $x \in G$ is characterized by having a commutative centralizer.    This and more was later confirmed by two of his students
B. Lou and
S.V. Keny, even for fields of "bad" characteristic.
For $X \in \mathfrak{g}$, the Lie algebra of $G$, there are actually two relevant centralizers: the subgroup $G_X$ of $G$ fixing $X$ under the adjoint representation Ad, and the subalgebra $\mathfrak{g}_X$ of $\mathfrak{g}$ fixing $X$ under ad.   The latter always contains the Lie algebra of $G_X$ and equals it in characteristic 0.   Springer refined and extended Steinberg's ideas in a 1966 paper here: see $\S4$ and $\S5$.    He further showed in Proposition 2 here that when $x \in G$ is regular, the identity component of $G_x$ is commutative.   The work of Lou and Keny showed in fact that $G_x$ itself is commutative, while $G_X$ is commutative for a regular element $X\in \mathfrak{g}$ provided $G$ is of adjoint type.
Thanks to the fact that the centralizer of a semisimple element is reductive (the almost-direct product of a central torus and a semisimple group), the main problems are reduced to $x \in G$ unipotent or $X \in \mathfrak{g}$ nilpotent.   But $G_x$ is not necessarily connected for $x$ semisimple unless $G$ is simply connected.  (An
algebraic proof due to Digne-Michel is discussed in Chapter 2 of my 1995 book on conjugacy classes; the first proof was by Springer and Steinberg.)  A similar reduction to the regular nilpotent case works for $X \in \mathfrak{g}$ and $G_X$ when $G$ is simply connected.
In the case of $G_X$ for $X$ regular nilpotent, the outcome in characteristic 0 is fairly straightforward: here the centralizer is the product of the center of $G$ and a (connected!) commutative unipotent group.   But for bad prime characteristics, it took some case-by-case work to describe $G_X$.

A: In $PGL_2$, the centralizer of the diagonal element $\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{pmatrix}$ consists of all elements of the form $\begin{pmatrix}* & 0 \\ 0 & * \end{pmatrix}$ or $\begin{pmatrix} 0 & * \\ * & 0 \end{pmatrix}$, and so has the minimal dimension (one, after modding out by scalars) but is not connected.
So I believe this is false without additional assumptions.


The city of Victoria and Vancouver Island offer a wide range of activities and attractions. The Tourism Victoria website includes a comprehensive list of resources.
Participation limited to 15 guests; sign up for this activity during the registration process.
Join Curtis Mobley and Victoria Waterfront Tours for a sea kayak adventure along Victoria's beautiful outer coast! This guided tour starts from Victoria's inner harbor in the morning. We'll head out of the harbor and turn west, looking for sea lions, seals, otters, and birds as we paddle past Seal Rock and the Brothers Islands. After an hour and a half of paddling, we'll stop for lunch (included) and a self-guided walking tour at Fisgard Lighthouse National Historic Site. We'll then paddle back to our starting location. The round trip paddling distance is about 12 Km/7 miles, and 6 hours total time. The trip is suitable for beginners. Bad weather may cancel the trip for safety reasons, in which case a full refund will be made. Luggage can be stored with the guide service, if you wish to leave Victoria Saturday evening.
Due to the nature of this activity, participation is limited to 15 guests. Contact Jenny Ramarui ([email protected]) to be placed on a waiting list if the registration system indicates that the tour is sold out.


Before Justin Wayne went fifth overall in 2000, Williams was the highest-drafted player ever out of Hawaii. While Wayne eclipsed his draft status, he doesn't eclipse Williams as a prospect. He went 39th overall the year before, as a compensation pick for the loss of free agent Jose Mesa, and remained the earliest-drafted prep player from the islands. He dominated Hawaii's high school ranks, posting a 0.30 ERA with 116 strikeouts in 65 innings as a senior. In one game, he pitched a no-hitter while hitting three home runs in a 13-0 win, and he concluded his career with 20 strikeouts in a playoff victory. California-based scout Darren Wittcke made the trip to Hawaii to scout Williams, saw him throwing 95 mph with a good slider, and convinced the Giants to pull the trigger. Williams' athletic ability and stuff draw comparisons to a young Dwight Gooden from Giants officials. Class A California League hitters batted just .200 against Williams in his first full pro season, and he was just 18 when he pitched in the Double-A Texas League playoffs for Shreveport. He lost a 1-0 decision to Wichita but gave up just two hits, two walks and one run in seven innings. The Giants still don't know how hard he'll throw eventually. Just throwing on the side or trying to throw strikes, he throws 91 mph. When he needs it, he dials up to 94 mph and probably has another 3-4 mph to add. Combine its velocity, potential, life and his ability to throw it for strikes, and Williams' fastball is the best in the system. He was 180 pounds when drafted, and he might be 215-220 when he gets done growing. Williams also throws a solid changeup, slider and curveball. He has a smooth, sound delivery that he repeats well, and he's an excellent fielder. Despite the poker face he shows on the mound, Williams gets up for big games, which he proved in the playoffs. The Giants don't do a good job hiding their glee over Williams' development. Sometimes his curveball gets slow and a bit too big, but it's nothing that won't improve with experience. The organization has been careful with his pitch counts, and Williams averaged less than six innings a start in 2000. As he moves up the ladder, the Giants will stretch him out and test his durability. Williams ranks among the best prospects in baseball, not just in the system. He passed Kurt Ainsworth, who would be a No. 1 prospect in several other organizations, by showing a higher ceiling in 2000. Don't look for him to pass Ainsworth on the way to the big leagues, however. The Giants would love Williams to get a full year of Double-A in 2001.
As the 24th overall pick in the 1999 draft, Ainsworth became the first player drafted that high after major arm surgery. He missed a year in college after Tommy John surgery in 1997 and had pitched just eight innings for Louisiana State before a workhorse 1999 season that ended with first-team All-America honors. He won both of his starts for Team USA in the Olympics. Ainsworth throws a 92-94 mph fastball with good movement, and supplements it with a tight slider and good curveball. The Giants love his makeup. He pitches well under pressure and is intelligent, on and off the mound. Sometimes he can be a little too fine, overestimating hitters and underestimating his own stuff. San Francisco would like to see him pitch more aggressively inside. He answered any questions about his durability by ending a long season with a strong Olympic performance. Ainsworth was the top prospect in the organization last year and didn't slide because of anything he did wrong. Jerome Williams just showed a slightly higher ceiling. The Giants' depth in the big league rotation has the organization hoping it can bring its duo of potential frontline starters along at their own pace, with Ainsworth ticketed for Triple-A in 2001.
In the same draft that included heralded third basemen Sean Burroughs (Padres) and Mark Teixeira (who didn't sign with the Red Sox and is at Georgia Tech), Torcato tends to get forgotten. Despite right shoulder surgery that forced him to play half of 1999 as a DH, Torcato's hitting exploits rival those of Burroughs. Torcato has the best swing in the organization, one that sprays line drives to all parts of the field. California League managers walked him intentionally eight times, tops in the league. The organization is confident that despite having had problems with both shoulders, Torcato will develop power as he gets stronger. He runs surprisingly well and has good instincts on the bases. His inexperience and injuries have left him flailing at the hot corner, though, where he struggles with his throws. He has changed his throwing stroke and rarely releases the ball from the same point twice. Staying healthy would help his defense. He will start the year at Double-A Shreveport, unless he has a big spring and plays his way to Triple-A Fresno. His progress on defense will determine whether he can overcome Pedro Feliz and Lance Niekro and stay at third, or have to take his potent bat to left field or first base.
The son of former big leaguer Joe and nephew of Hall of Famer Phil projected as a first-round pick after nearly winning the Cape Cod League triple crown in the summer of 1999. He even showed off the family knuckleball in an emergency relief appearance. Persistent shoulder problems, though, and a longer swing with an aluminum bat short-circuited Niekro's power last spring, so he slipped through to the second round. But his short, compact swing makes him the rare hitter who hits better with wood than with aluminum. Despite a groin injury that slowed him for the first half of the season, he won the short-season Northwest League batting title in his pro debut. He showed the arm, hands and power to be a big league third baseman. The Giants want Niekro to get stronger and in better shape to help him avoid injuries. They're confident that with his makeup and intelligence, that won't be a problem. The Giants are flush with third-base prospects, and team officials are confident Niekro could make the jump to Double-A if needed and if Tony Torcato has the kind of spring that would put him in Fresno.
Vogelsong's gangly 160-pound frame out of high school detoured him to Kutztown, an NCAA Division II program. He grew significantly and is still growing, having added an inch and 15 pounds of muscle since being drafted. After battling tendinitis early in his career, he came back strong in 2000 and pitched well in the Arizona Fall League. He was leading the Texas League in strikeouts at the time of his promotion to Triple-A last year. Giants officials like Vogelsong's stuff as much as Ainsworth's. His fastball has similar velocity (92-94 mph) and life when he pitches to both sides of the plate. He has a solid curveball, and his hard slider is effective against lefthanders. He added a changeup that has developed nicely. He lacks Ainsworth's polish, but so do most Double-A pitchers. Vogelsong gets stubborn with his curveball, which he thinks is his best pitch, while the organization prefers his slider. He will join Ainsworth this year at Fresno, which has one of the Pacific Coast League's most challenging parks for pitchers. He figures to slot in behind Williams and Ainsworth in a future rotation, and has the stuff to become a quality reliever if the rotation gets too crowded.
McGowan's big frame and athletic ability attracted the interest of football programs such as Boston College, Miami, Notre Dame, Penn State and Syracuse. He wound up at Boston College for baseball, where he led the Big East Conference in batting and home runs as a junior. He led the Giants organization in average, hits and RBIs last year. He combines the power of a man his size with a smooth, compact swing uncommon for a big power hitter. He has shown the ability to hit the ball to all fields, even hitting cripple pitches to center field. The organization thinks he'll hit for more power as he learns to pull the ball. McGowan has athletic ability but hasn't put in the work to be a good defensive first baseman. The Giants would like to see him be a little more selective at the plate, drawing a few more walks and turning on pitches to put his tremendous power to use. With big league veteran J.T. Snow getting older, the Giants have a pair of possible successors in McGowan and Damon Minor. McGowan, who will get a full season at Double-A in 2000, has the advantage of being three years younger than Minor.
Minor's twin brother Ryan got more of the attention when they played together at Oklahoma--where they won the 1994 College World Series as teammates of Giants righthander Russ Ortiz--and when they both started in pro baseball. But Damon has since passed his brother as a prospect thanks to his better plate discipline and ability to put his power to use. Minor has the best raw power in the organization. His confidence blossomed at Fresno in 2000, where the small park and the presence of veteran Jalal Leach helped him develop the discipline and shorter swing to make use of his power. His average and on-base percentage (.394) were career highs, a sign of his growing maturity. While the Giants love Minor's power, they describe him as a stereotypical American League player. His defensive shortcomings at first base stand out in contrast to slick-fielding San Francisco incumbent J.T. Snow. Minor has little speed either. At his age, another year of Triple-A probably won't do Minor much good. The Giants won't hesitate to use him should something happen to Snow, but Snow is under contract through 2003 with an option for 2004. Minor's chances for advancement likely would be better in another organization.
Feliz has come a long way from the skinny kid who hit .193 with no extra-base hits in the Rookie-level Arizona League in his 1994 pro debut. After hitting 40 home runs the previous three seasons combined, Feliz took advantage of hitter-friendly Beiden Field to post a career year at Fresno. He finished fourth in the minors in home runs and was rated the best defensive third baseman in the Pacific Coast League. Feliz' power is rivaled only by Minor, who dwarfs him physically. The key to unlocking that power was plate discipline. Once he stopped putting himself in pitcher's counts, he was able to use his short swing and strong wrists to his advantage. Feliz set career highs with 30 walks and a .337 on-base percentage in 2000, but those numbers won't get it done in the big leagues unless he hits 30 home runs again. And he likely won't against better pitching without improved pitch selection. He has solid tools defensively at third base, including a strong arm and good footwork. With Bill Mueller traded to the Cubs, Feliz is at the top of the organizational ladder and has a chance to win the starting job in San Francisco. At worst, he'll share time with Russ Davis. Feliz tuned up for his chance with a strong winter in the Dominican, giving him momentum going into the spring.
The Giants' efforts in Latin America took a huge hit with the loss of Luis Rosa, who resigned in 1997 after being accused of demanding sexual favors from Latin players in return for a chance to play for the team. Rosa signed both Pedro Feliz and Valderrama. Valderrama battled arm, back and leg injuries in 1998-99 before putting it all together with a complete, healthy season in the California League. He is the closest thing the Giants have to a five-tool prospect. When healthy and confident, he has shown good bat speed, a plus arm, the speed to be a basestealing force, and the range and savvy to play center field. Valderrama's slight build makes him injury-prone, and the Giants weren't always convinced he wanted to excel badly enough. Defensively, he has the tools to play center field, but his performance has been erratic, especially with his routes to the ball and fundamentals like hitting the cutoff man. He is the top outfield prospect in the organization but has just one solid full season under his belt. If Arturo McDowell, a superior center fielder, joins him in Double-A this year, Valderrama might move to right field.
On the fast track when he signed, Urban came crashing down when he separated his pitching shoulder and tore his labrum when he fell awkwardly during a pickup basketball game in January 2000. The injury and resulting surgery kept him from pitching last year, but he returned with a strong effort in instructional league to earn a 40-man roster spot. Urban can throw four pitches for strikes, including a sneaky-fast fastball that has reached 94 mph, a cut fastball/slider that complements his tailing four-seamer, a good changeup and a developing curveball. He has excellent mechanics for his size, and they remained the same after his inactivity. Urban missed a year and a chance to show he can handle Double-A, which he didn't do at the outset of 1999. He was 80 percent back in instructional league and will have to prove to the Giants that he has learned from his time off. Obviously, San Francisco remains intrigued by a lefthander with quality stuff. Urban will be challenged at Shreveport and could move quickly if he can shake off the rust.
First off, he was born John Bonser, though everyone calls him Boof, a nickname his mother and friends used to toss around that just stuck with him. Considered a first-round arm with a late-round body by many scouts as a junior, Bonser dropped 30 pounds prior to his senior season in high school by sharing a personal trainer with hot 2001 draft prospect Casey Kotchman. Kotchman's father Tom, an Angels scout and minor league manager, says Bonser's weight problem was magnified to scouts by his high school and summer league uniforms, which made him look like he was in poor shape. The Giants must have seen him in better uniforms, because they liked his power arm enough to surprise many clubs by taking him with the 21st overall pick. Bonser has the power arm the Giants covet, touching 96 mph with his fastball in the Northwest League. One of the league's youngest players, he lacked command and, at times, composure. But he also showed a good curveball and solid straight changeup. With his repertoire, his role down the line could be as a closer.
The organization's biggest shortcoming is its lack of impact middle-infield prospects, which led to a three-year, $15 million contract for big league shortstop Rich Aurilia this offseason. Ransom has the tools to be such a player, but his 2000 performance wasn't encouraging. He struck out more often than he reached base and showed little pop. He's the best the organization has to offer, though, because of his defensive tools. Ransom is one of the system's best athletes--one Giants official called him an acrobat with soft hands--and has its best infield arm, which rates a 7 on the 2-to-8 scouting scale. Ransom's offensive shortcomings undermine his defensive prowess. He has bat speed and enough strength to be dangerous, both to himself and opposing pitchers, because home runs tend to make him too power-conscious. If he made better contact, he would have the power to be an average offensive player, but his swing tends to get long and has plenty of holes. The organization hopes Fresno's hitter-friendly atmosphere can give Ransom the confidence to put his prodigious tools to work.
McDowell is a player who clearly was hurt by the Giants' previous farm system set-up, as has 1998 supplemental first-rounder Chris Jones. They're the kinds of players the organization will be able to develop better now that the Giants have a Rookie-level Arizona League team and a low Class A team. McDowell has shown the Giants plenty of tools since getting drafted, as he's one of the organization's fastest players and best defenders. Some in the organization think his best tool may yet be his bat, despite his career .219 average. McDowell struggled in consecutive seasons in the California League, mainly due to his pitch selection. He swings at balls and takes strikes, club officials say, but they're pleased with his ability to draw a walk. He has shown power to the opposite field when he makes contact, and though he has the speed to control a game offensively, he has struggled with baserunning. He improved his stolen-base percentage in 2000, though, and that's not the only improvement the organization has seen. McDowell could start 2001 at low Class A Hagerstown for a change of scenery, then move up to Shreveport if he gets out of the blocks fast.
Treadway was the No. 9 prospect in the Cape Cod League in 1999 and had the best fastball in the summer league that year, topping out at 94 mph. The Giants didn't see much of that after drafting him in 2000, however. They chalk that up to Treadway's heavy college workload at UNC Charlotte, where he was the team's No. 1 starter and threw a lot of pitches as he piled up walks and strikeouts. He had more command problems with short-season Salem-Keizer. Though his ERA was solid, he surrendered 8.7 hits and 4.5 walks per nine innings, limiting him to just over four innings a start. He had trouble keeping his sinking fastball from falling into the 85-88 mph range and from getting up in the zone. With an athletic build, solid slider and a fresher arm, Treadway figures to pitch in high Class A San Jose in 2001. Drops in velocity are common for college draftees with backgrounds similar to his, and the Giants think his fastball will bounce back this year. They like his upside as much as any of the power arms they procured in the 2000 draft.
After ranking second on the organization's prospect list last year, Esteves didn't pitch at all in 2000. He came up lame in spring training with shoulder problems and doctors diagnosed a torn labrum, which necessitated major surgery. The Giants fingered an old injury that gradually worsened for the tear, which required extensive rehabilitation. Esteves wasn't ready for instructional league, and the organization left him off the 40-man roster with its fingers crossed that no one would take a pitcher with two major injuries in the past. (Esteves missed the 1997 college season with personal and elbow problems.) The gamble proved successful. He'll go to spring training with no expectations. If he comes close to his pre-injury form, San Francisco plans to end his days as a starter and make him a short reliever, either a set-up man or closer. He'll have to regain both his stuff and the confident, aggressive mentality that helps him challenge hitters with a 92-95 sinking fastball and a late-breaking slider. In the bullpen, Esteves will rely more on those pitches than on his changeup, which had developed nicely in 1999, and he may junk his curveball. But that all depends on how healthy he is in the spring.
Casper spent three years in the California League, not usually a great recipe for a prospect. Neither is hitting just .243 the third time around, and having that as your peak batting average after April 12. But Casper isn't an ordinary minor leaguer. Few Giants prospects have as many tools as he does. He has the organization's best mix of power and speed after Valderrama, though he's a completely different kind of player. Casper derives good power from his strong build and short stroke, and he has the bat speed to catch up to plus fastballs. His high strikeout numbers and low batting averages stem from his struggles with breaking balls, which probably will determine how far his career goes. Casper isn't afraid to take a walk, though, leading the organization in that category in 2000. He has the speed to be a baserunning threat and to play center field, though he profiles as a true right fielder with his solid power and arm, which managers voted the best among Cal League outfielders last year. He'll finally move up to Double-A in 2001.
The Giants have a deep pool of promising lefthanders. Chris Jones, a 1998 supplemental first-round pick, has battled injuries and a lack of confidence from being rushed to the California League. Youngsters such as David Brous, Erick Threets and Ryan Hannaman are relatively far away. Andra and Jeff Urban are the closest lefties to the big leagues, and Urban missed all of 2000. Andra has had injury problems, too. He didn't pitch from July 1998 to July 1999 after shoulder woes and surgery, but he was finally healthy last year. He was inconsistent, however, giving up a .298 batting average in Double-A and getting hammered in Triple-A. The organization chalked his lack of success at Fresno to his reluctance to challenge hitters inside with his fastball. On a given night, Andra's 88-92 mph fastball is an above-average pitch, as is his slider. He needs to be more aggressive with both pitches and throw more strikes with his changeup. With his size and arm, he'll be given plenty of chances to succeed.
Joseph has had bad luck and trouble making adjustments, but has the system's best raw arm. His fastball has touched 100 mph, and he throws 97-98 consistently. He also has a tight, hard slider that he throws in the mid-80s. Sounds like a top prospect, right? That's what the Giants thought when they drafted Joseph, who was primarily an infielder in college. His lack of pitching experience has stunted his development, though, as he never has gained a feel for an offspeed pitch. The Giants put him in the Double-A rotation in 2000, hoping he would pick up a changeup and get needed innings, but the plan backfired. He pitched tentatively as a starter, then went back to the bullpen and lost confidence, giving up 32 hits in 21 innings. He lost his last eight decisions, dropping his career record to 8-25. Despite his lack of success in the bullpen, the Giants have decided to leave him in relief and hope he can become the organization's closer of the future. The 2001 season will be crucial for Joseph, because if he doesn't start showing positive results, the organization will move on to other closer candidates, such as Luke Anderson and Eric Threets.
Luster is a rare draft-and-follow in an organization that has preferred its draftees to come from four-year colleges in the past. After being drafted in 1997, he helped lead DeKalb (Ga.) to the Junior College World Series the next spring before signing. He struggled in his first full pro season, but rebounded with one of the better years in the organization in 2000. Luster has good speed for a player his size, as well as solid baserunning instincts, stealing 17 bases in 19 tries last year. His power has started to develop as he gets more experience as a switch-hitter. He's a natural righthander, but the Giants like his swing from the left side better because he gets the barrel of the bat to the ball quicker and generates more pop. Luster played exclusively at first base in 2000, but he has the athletic ability to switch positions. San Francisco officials have pondered moving him to third base--another crowded spot in the organization--or to the outfield, where his skills could be put to better use.
Diaz is a testament to the Giants' revamped Dominican efforts and more player-friendly farm system. He was the No. 15 prospect in the Arizona League, clearly benefiting from not being rushed to the Northwest League. He also was one of the organization's top pitchers in instructional league. He has shown one of the best arms in the system. In his first season in the United States, Diaz showed an explosive fastball that reached 94 mph, a good changeup and long fingers, all of which drew the inevitable comparisons to Pedro Martinez. The Angels' Ramon Ortiz would be a more appropriate comparison. Diaz didn't throw his curveball much during the season but made strides with it in instructional league. He also throws a harder, slurvish slider. The Giants expect Diaz, who ranked fifth in the AZL in strikeouts, to fill out and gain more velocity on his fastball. With their new Sally League affiliate, they won't have to push Diaz as they might have a year ago.
San Francisco has plenty of solid catchers, and Chiaramonte ranks at the top of the list because of his power and Triple-A performance. He was a fan favorite at Fresno, playing in the same stadium where he was a second-team All-American for Fresno State in 1997. His brother Giachino played linebacker for the Bulldogs during the fall. Giuseppe has plenty of raw pop, averaging 22 homers in his three full pro seasons. He cut down on his strikeouts as he moved up to Triple-A, and he was impressive offensively in instructional league. The reason he went to instructional league at his age and stage of development, though, was his defense. Chiaramonte has never looked like a Gold Glover. He's an adequate receiver and calls a decent game, but he threw out just 12 of 118 basestealers. The Giants hope offseason shoulder surgery restores arm strength. The big league club got a lot of mileage out of Bobby Estalella and Doug Mirabelli last year, so Chiaramonte probably is destined for more Triple-A time in 2001.
Despite being an 18th-round draft pick, Anderson has the size, stuff and poise to move quickly as a closer. His fastball is fairly straight at 89-91 mph, but he has a devastating splitter. He has shown good command, especially with the splitter, which he can throw for strikes or spot out of the zone. He made a spectacular debut last summer, leading the Northwest League in saves while topping all short-season relievers with 16.0 strikeouts per nine innings. Opponents hit just .172 against him. Anderson won four consecutive Nevada state titles at Green Valley High, where he was a teammate of Pirates outfielder Chad Hermansen. The Rockies drafted Anderson out of high school, but he stayed local and went to Nevada-Las Vegas, where he pitched infrequently as a freshman, then missed a year after having a bone spur removed from his right knee. Anderson came on with a big season in the Cape Cod League in the summer of 1999, but slipped in the draft after posting a 6.91 ERA as a junior last spring.
A third-team All-American at Washington in 1998, Magruder does a lot of things well but nothing spectacularly. He spent his second season at Double-A in 2000 and showed improvement. He has good pop in his bat for his size, though he'll never be a power hitter. He's at least an average runner, but he doesn't have blazing speed and hasn't become an efficient basestealer despite his added experience. If it sounds like he has plenty of limitations, he does. Magruder can play center field, but probably wouldn't be adequate in Pac Bell Park's spacious outfield, where it's 420 feet to right-center. His best position would be as a corner outfielder, but he doesn't have the power to play there on an everyday basis. Magruder hits enough and has enough arm and range to become an effective fourth outfielder, but he'll have to start hitting homers to be more than that.
After six seasons in the organization, Torrealba has seen plenty of other catchers come and go. He outlasted Marcus Jensen and was once passed by Sammy Serrano, but Torrealba almost moved to the top of the backstop list after arm injuries to Giuseppe Chiaramonte and Serrano. Serrano's arm problems have the Giants worried about whether he can remain behind the plate. Torrealba threw out 33 percent of basestealers at Shreveport and had his best offensive season last year. He never will be a power hitter because he uses an inside-out swing. The Giants like his ability as a situational hitter and hit-and-run man, but see him first and foremost as a catch-and-throw defender who'll be adequate at best offensively. His presence, along with Chiaramonte and big leaguers Bobby Estalella and Doug Mirabelli, may prompt the organization to move strong-armed catcher Guillermo Rodriguez to the mound. Torrealba may have to duel Chiramonte for playing time in Triple-A this season.
Castro was on the prospect scrap heap not long ago, waived by the Angels following the 1999 season. He had risen from a two-way player who pitched and played shortstop in the Rookie-level Dominican Summer League to the Angels' No. 7 prospect after the 1997 season, but he was slow to adjust offensively and struggled in two years in the California League. The Giants sent Castro back to the Cal League in 2000 before their lack of infield depth prompted his promotion to Fresno. Castro is a tools player with decent bat speed, good running speed and an excellent arm, which ranks as a 7 on the 2-to-8 scouting scale. He was rated the best infield arm in both the California and Pacific Coast leagues last year, and managers also named him the Cal League's best defensive shortstop. Castro could move to second base, though, because he isn't a fundamentally sound defender at short. His arm could help him overcome his shaky footwork and range on the other side of the bag.
Clark, a substitute teacher in Springfield, Mass., during the offseason, attended college on a football scholarship and came to baseball late. His athletic ability and breakout season in 1999 had the Giants excited. But the hitting skills Clark had shown then didn't carry him in 2000, when his baseball inexperience caught up with him against better pitching. He hasn't developed the ability to turn his considerable raw power into home runs, and his plate discipline slipped in Double-A. Clark's combination of a below-average arm and poor routes to fly balls limits him to left field. On the plus side, Clark has good bat speed and can sting the ball to all fields with authority. His offense could get a boost at Fresno, where learning to loft the ball could lead to a 25-homer season.
Brous has one of the more intriguing backgrounds in the organization. He wasn't included in the team's 2000 media guide after being released at the end of 1999, then was placed on the 40-man roster after the 2000 season despite his age and inexperience. The Giants signed Brous as a draft-and-follow in May 1999, then voided his contract after discovering he had elbow and shoulder problems. They re-signed him after he had Tommy John surgery and came back healthy after rehabilitation. He finally made his pro debut last July. Despite the rust and a tender arm, Brous showed what the Giants call "power equipment," touching the mid-90s with his fastball and drawing comparisons to big league reliever Alan Embree. Brous' athleticism and makeup also have the organization encouraged he'll develop a breaking ball. San Francisco has the patience to wait on a lefty with such a power arm, and seems to have a few of them in Brous, Erick Threets and 2000 draftee Ryan Hannaman.
Threets was part of the Giants' bountiful draft haul in 2000 and is among the biggest, hardest throwers in the system. The organization was able to sign him despite his commitment to Louisiana State, where he would have competed for the Tigers' closer role. The Giants aren't quite sure what they have in Threets, who spent the summer pitching in the Cape Cod League. After a long season, he took instructional league off. In the spring and summer, Threets showed a fastball that touched the mid-90s, a low-80s slider and excellent athletic ability. He may not be done growing, which may mean that he'll add more velocity. The Giants will see what he shows them in his first pro spring training, and he likely will start his career as a starter at Hagerstown. He has a chance to move up this list quickly.
Guzman overcame the odds a 50th-round draft pick faces when he reached San Francisco and got 15 at-bats there in 1999. He was removed from the 40-man roster after the 1999 season, though the Giants were able to hold onto him and did protect him after the 2000 season. Guzman doesn't project as a starter in the big leagues, but the organization values his ability to play catcher, second base, third base and left field with aplomb. Catcher and third base are his best defensive positions, and he can make the routine plays at second. The Giants like his bat enough to think he can be a big league utilityman. But he has little power, and if he weren't a lefthanded hitter he may not have lasted this long. Despite Fresno's forgiving dimensions, he has yet to hit double-figure home runs in three years there as a starter. He is just an adequate runner and doesn't draw a lot of walks, making him a below-average offensive player despite a career minor league average of .282.
Zerbe's ceiling is clearly defined. He'll be no more than a situational lefthander, though he has a chance to fill that role in San Francisco this year. His long road to the major leagues had more twists than most. Drafted by the Dodgers in 1991, he has bounced around the minor leagues, including a stint in the independent Western League in 1997, where he persevered through 16-hour bus rides and $15-a-day meal money. He played for Sonoma County, just 30 miles north of the Bay Area, and worked his way back to San Francisco. Zerbe pitched well in his big league trial and then pitched 12 strong innings in the Arizona Fall League, showing an average fastball and good curveball that he throws for strikes.


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Q: How to drive an ir sensor I took apart a asus eee pc remote control and borrowed it's ir sensor to implement the remote using my arduino. I have a sketch I borrowed from ladyada so I can look at the raw ir signal.
Since she has a professional scope and I have a cheapo one who doesn't trigger properly.
But I don't get the same results each time. I tested the sensor using the asus board without it's case and it works fine.
I noticed on the asus board it has some fitlering caps,100 ohm resistor and what looks like an inductor/fuse. Am assuming I shouldn't just wire the vcc = 5v gnd=gnd ouput = digital 2? How should I be wiring this up

A: So apparently you're following the article here: https://learn.adafruit.com/ir-sensor/using-an-ir-sensor. This is a TSOP382xx (http://www.adafruit.com/datasheets/tsop382.pdf), which is not merely an IR sensor. It includes internal circuitry that detects 38kHz signals, and demodulates them.
To clarify a little, on page https://learn.adafruit.com/ir-sensor/ir-remote-signals , the narrative talks about using a basic IR photodetector (photodiode or phototransistor), with no additional logic, to view the 'raw" 38 kHz pulses (25 microsecond cycles) of IR on a scope. This exercise shows the blocks of pulses which form the form the ones and zeroes (lengths in the low millisecond range) of the message.
At the end of that page, the narrative switches to the PNA4602 for use with the Arduino. The PNA4602 digests the blocks of 38kHz pulses, and turns it into simple ones and zeros of low millisec duration, a pace that the Arduino can keep up with.
Very distractingly, the "Raw IR decoder sketch!" on page https://learn.adafruit.com/ir-sensor/using-an-ir-sensor does NOT deal with the same level of "rawness" as on the previous page. It deals with output from the PNA4602. It is only "raw" in the sense that the sketch reads the millisec-rate bits, and outputs their lengths in millisecs, rather than reading entire bytes or interpreting the stream into a message.
The sensor you want to pull from your Asus might be similar, or it might be just an IR phototransistor or diode, to be used with separate 38kHz demodulation circuitry.
You'll need to either find a part number on that Asus part and look it up, or do some breadboard tests to determine what it is.
Or send ladyada $1.95 and get the one in the article, already figured out. :-)