AN ACT CONCERNING COPAYMENTS FOR BREAST ULTRASOUND SCREENINGS AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY SERVICES.
(a) (1) Each individual health insurance policy providing coverage of the type specified in subdivisions (1), (2), (4), (10), (11) and (12) of section 38a-469 delivered, issued for delivery, renewed, amended or continued in this state shall provide benefits for mammographic examinations to any woman covered under the policy that are at least equal to the following minimum requirements: (A) A baseline mammogram for any woman who is thirty-five to thirty-nine years of age, inclusive; and (B) a mammogram every year for any woman who is forty years of age or older.
(B) Magnetic resonance imaging of an entire breast or breasts in accordance with guidelines established by the American Cancer Society.
(b) Benefits under this section shall be subject to any policy provisions that apply to other services covered by such policy, except that no such policy shall impose a copayment that exceeds a maximum of twenty dollars for an ultrasound screening under subparagraph (A) of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section.
(c) Each mammography report provided to a patient shall include information about breast density, based on the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System established by the American College of Radiology. Where applicable, such report shall include the following notice: "If your mammogram demonstrates that you have dense breast tissue, which could hide small abnormalities, you might benefit from supplementary screening tests, which can include a breast ultrasound screening or a breast MRI examination, or both, depending on your individual risk factors. A report of your mammography results, which contains information about your breast density, has been sent to your physician's office and you should contact your physician if you have any questions or concerns about this report. ".
(a) (1) Each group health insurance policy providing coverage of the type specified in subdivisions (1), (2), (4), (11) and (12) of section 38a-469 delivered, issued for delivery, renewed, amended or continued in this state shall provide benefits for mammographic examinations to any woman covered under the policy that are at least equal to the following minimum requirements: (A) A baseline mammogram for any woman who is thirty-five to thirty-nine years of age, inclusive; and (B) a mammogram every year for any woman who is forty years of age or older.
No individual health insurance policy providing coverage of the type specified in subdivisions (1), (2), (4), (11) and (12) of section 38a-469 delivered, issued for delivery, renewed, amended or continued in this state shall impose copayments that exceed a maximum of thirty dollars per visit for in-network (1) physical therapy services rendered by a physical therapist licensed under section 20-73, or (2) occupational therapy services rendered by an occupational therapist licensed under section 20-74b or 20-74c.
No group health insurance policy providing coverage of the type specified in subdivisions (1), (2), (4), (11) and (12) of section 38a-469 delivered, issued for delivery, renewed, amended or continued in this state shall impose copayments that exceed a maximum of thirty dollars per visit for in-network (1) physical therapy services rendered by a physical therapist licensed under section 20-73, or (2) occupational therapy services rendered by an occupational therapist licensed under section 20-74b or 20-74c.


tourparties.com ⭐ 10 out of 10 based on 279 ratings. 2418 user reviews.
If you are intending with a honeymoon or with a holiday, deciding on a very good accommodation is certainly vital for you. Given that everybody has a small funds to utilize, we discover it truly tough to opt for a excellent accommodation and remain inside our funds all at once. Usually, excellent resorts will not be very affordable. Now, the question is, what is it advisable to take into account when looking for a accommodation? Granted here are some guidelines that might help you pick the right accommodation.
The very first thing it is advisable to take into account is your requirements. What you should do is match your requirements to protect against precisely what the accommodation offers. Normally, the hotel has a rank that comes amongst and 5.
When a accommodation has a lot of luxuries and amenities, realize that it is going to have a very larger speed label because of its bedrooms. This method for you to approximate the price you might need to cover your stay in the hotel. If you discover a accommodation which offers the majority of the amenities you will need within a lower price, be sure to pick up this option.
There is a standard method to opt for a reasonable accommodation. This is called the worth of mouth area solution. What you need to do is check around your friends to determine the things they think about the places to stay in the area.
Your pals could have a very good or bad working experience staying in a accommodation. You may benefit from their working experience to marijuana very good places to stay from bad types. In fact, this really is the ideal way to you should definitely don't be sorry for your choice later on. Furthermore, people today don't take a personalized attention if they suggest some thing to someone. So, you can trust their referrals.
Finally, you really should quest for a accommodation online at the same time. You might like to pay a visit to accommodation evaluation web pages where you can read through plenty of critiques kept by other people who stayed at distinct places to stay. These critiques will tell you once they had a very good or bad working experience. It is really an best manner of hunting for a affordable accommodation without having to spend anything. You are going to use your online to take into consideration the assistance you will want.


The 38th edition of SIGEP has just ended, the international exhibition for ice-cream, pastry and artisan bakery, and it has confirmed, once again, its undisputed leadership in the world of HORECA.
Even this year, Ciam has presented important contemporary design and advanced technological novelties and MUROZERO line proves that with its 3-meter coplanar opening, which allows a larger product exposition compared to other classic pastry cabinets, mixing up with shop walls since it is customizable in different finishings, such as, resin or stone and available both in the pastry +4°C and ice cream +14°C version.
MOVE16 could not miss the event, the refrigerated showcase with completely transparent glass structure. The access to the refrigerated compartment is allowed by a patented system, while the rear case moves in order to become a wrapping surface. It can be customized with different fine materials such as bronzed brass or stone.
This year's innovation was BLOCK, the first decor line entirely sculpted in a single block of material; the cladding for 6040-Roma-Flat showcases enables the customer to have a brand new vision of the counter that is completeley different from the other products seen thus far.
BELLAGIO and ISOLABELLA were also presented, refrigerated or neutral furnishings to enhance the qualities of your products. BELLAGIO, for instance, is the first refrigerated lamp available in three different customizable versions: ground, ceiling and table.
Ciam thanks all those who visited us with passion and curiosity!


This piece arose from an experiment with electrochemistry and dry ice. Carbon dioxide was recorded bubbling through two different super saturated solutions, while copper was ionized in them, turning liquid blue. Over several months, crystals formed. The recording and resulting crystals are brought into contact once again, resonating across phase boundaries. The different states of matter converse across time.


Did you mean "coffee" instead of "covfefe"? We feel your pain. Smartphone keyboards are teensy, making it difficult to tap out long text messages — and that's just one reason you may want to send text messages from your computer instead. There are other benefits in texting by computer, too. It's a good way to skirt monthly message caps or to zip off texts in situations where you have no data signal on your phone.
There are a lot of ways to accomplish this task, from smartphone apps (such as MightyText or Join) to dedicated Web sites (like AFreeSMS or SendSMSNow), to Google Voice, or even a menu option right on your phone carrier's Web site. Some of these methods are pricey or convoluted. The steps below, however, are quick and easy [source: Coppock and Martindale].
With these three steps, you'll be able to e-mail 160-character SMS (short messaging service) messages directly to a mobile phone.
Open your e-mail program and start a new e-mail message.
Don't know the domain name of your friend's phone company? No problem. Go to CarrierLookup or TextMagic and enter the phone number to find out.
Remember that these domains only work for text messages. If you want to send pictures, video, or audio, you'll need to skip the SMS address and use the MMS (multimedia messaging service) address instead. You can find a list of some common MMS addresses here. You'll find more SMS addresses on this site, too. If you don't find your carrier listed there, Email Marketing Software has an even more comprehensive list.
How do you email photographs?


NEWBURGH – Alex Hemenway faced off against Cobie Barnes, who may well be his Indiana All-Star teammate next June.
But between now and then, Hemenway and his youthful Castle High School basketball teammates have to learn how to play together, how to communicate.
While Hemenway is the Knights' lone returning starter, Barnes is one of nine Floyd Central seniors. This is a year the Class 4A No. 5-ranked Highlanders have been pointing to for a long time. It showed on Friday.
Barnes, a 6-foot-6 swingman bound for Indiana State University, pumped in 32 points, including four 3-pointers, in Floyd Central's 69-43 romp over the Knights. He joined the Highlanders' 1,000-point club in the process.
But it didn't matter. Barnes scored inside and out and had a couple dunks, showing why he should be a force in the Missouri Valley Conference the next few years.
"He's a great player," Hemenway said. "He does everything. That's why they love him over at Indiana State. He came here and showed it tonight."
It marked Castle's worst loss since a 69-40 defeat at the hands of Jeffersonville on Feb. 26, 2016. Back then, Hemenway had current Iowa redshirt sophomore Jack Nunge as a teammate. Today, he has a teammate in promising sophomore Bob Nunge, who had two points against Floyd Central.
Once everybody gets through these growing pains and becomes more comfortable with each other, the Knights will become a much better team. They shot just 32.6 percent (15-for-46) and committed 15 turnovers.
"We have to work better at adversity and show that we can handle ourselves," said Hemenway, an Indiana South All-Star last summer.
While tall, deep and talented Floyd Central, talked, defended and did everything together, Castle was mute by comparison.
"We have to talk, switch and communicate," Hemenway said. "Normally when you get set back, you come back and attack even more. We got a little complacent. Once again, it comes with maturity. I know I'm harping on it, but we've got to show we can handle adversity. We backed down from it tonight."
Floyd Central races to a 13-1 lead. But at least for a fleeting moment, the Knights flashed fortitude. Hemenway's steal and two-handed slam at the end of the first quarter drew Castle within 15-10. That moment was gone in an instant. The Highlanders shot 57.4 percent from the floor (31-for-54) in winning their 18th successive regular season game in a row.
"They play tremendous team defense," Gibson said. "They do everything we ascribe to be. Our kids are young and were definitely not ready for this game tonight. That's why we play a tough schedule, to get ready for (postseason). Hopefully we learned things. This was a great learning experience."
Gibson noted that top reserve Jasper Huebner, a 5-11 junior, will have to undergo knee surgery, shortening Castle's rotation to just seven players.
"We have to learn how to play with each other," he said. "We have to keep getting better."
While Floyd Central ably demonstrated why it belongs among the top teams in the state, the Knights have a long way to go before they could consider themselves a Southern Indiana Athletic Conference contender.
It appeared that Hemenway would have to score 40 for Castle to have any kind of a chance against a powerhouse such as the Highlanders. Gibson, however, noted that four players reached double figures in the Knights' 83-51 season-opening win over Boonville last Tuesday because they were in their comfort zone.
But Floyd Central (4-0) was more than good enough to knock Castle out of its rhythm. The Knights found themselves out of synch and out of sorts.
Gibson said Floyd Central is a good measuring stick for Castle - where it is and where it wants to be. The Knights will open SIAC play next Friday at Harrison. The Warriors were 1-1 entering Saturday night's home game against New Albany.
"We have to talk and do the little things, like help on defense," Hemenway said. "If we can do everything, I know we can come out with a win next Friday."
Gibson said the Knights won't even talk about Harrison in Monday's practice - they need to work on themselves.
"We'll challenge each other in practice," he said.


We endeavor to support all local charities.
There is something for everyone at Connie's Place. We're located a couple miles west of Portola on Hwy 70, just east of Chalet View lodge and antique shops in Maybe.
Connie Kunsman has owned and operated Connie's Place since 1986. Connie buys and sells second hand treasures; antiques, vintage items, used furniture, housewares, framed art, tools and collectibles.
After passing thru the workshop, items are presented on the sales floor clean and functional.
Don't overlook Connie's Tool Shed featuring great deals on tools and yard art. Stop by for a visit!
SInce 1986, Connie's Place has thrived by offering items clean and functional while keeping prices affordable. An ever-changing inventory makes Connie's a must see on your next, and every, visit to Plumas County.


text:
Neoplocaederus bicolor es una especie de escarabajo longicornio del género Neoplocaederus, tribu Cerambycini, subfamilia Cerambycinae. Fue descrita científicamente por Gressitt en 1942.

Descripción
Mide 33 milímetros de longitud.

Distribución
Se distribuye por China.

Referencias

bicolor
Insectos descritos en 1942
Insectos de China
Fauna de Asia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Q. Why don't you have access to the journal I require?
We subscribe to more than 50,000 journals, but that's not all the journals in the world. This includes large packages and subscriptions to individual journals. The Journal Title Database will indicate if we have a subscription. You can suggest new journal subscriptions to your subject liaison.
Some journal subscriptions only allow access back to the 90s but not earlier issues. Other sources may only provide up to one year ago's issues, so not the latest ones. The Journal Title Database will indicate what dates are available to us.
We don't always have access to a journal from its publisher; access may be through a third party database. You may have found a link to an article on a publisher's site, but we have that article available elsewhere. The Journal Title Database will indicate through what platforms/sites each journal is available. Pick the one that includes the date range you need.
When you access a journal's site through the campus network, the site will recognize you as part of Virginia Tech and allow you access. Access the same site while outside the campus network, and the site will block you or ask for payment before you can download the article.
Use Off Campus Sign In or the VPN to ensure access to library resources while outside the campus network. Use links on the library web pages to navigate to your article. Or install the LibX browser plugin to enable a menu to reload the current page through the OCSI system. When using the VPN, be sure to select the option to route all traffic through the VPN (not just connections to servers on campus).


Bitcoin is traded on a peer-to-peer basis with a distributed ledger called the Blockchain, and the Bitcoin exchange rate to the US Dollar and other major currencies is determined by supply and demand as with other global exchange rates.Accept Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash payments from customers anywhere on earth.
Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange that uses cryptography to control its creation and management, rather than. More Than 1300 Crypto Index, Cryptocurrency Converter, Exchanges, Wallets, Bitcoin Price, Ethereum Price, Ripple Price.Bitcoin Price (BTC USD): Get all information on the Bitcoin to US-Dollar Exchange Rate including Charts, News and Realtime Price.
The partial outage on digital currency exchanges such as Coinbase on Wednesday has caused bitcoin prices to whipsaw, highlighting the need for more robust.
Volatility is measured in traditional markets by the Volatility Index.
While speaking of Bitcoin rates on the exact date, you should always keep in mind that this is a median rate, calculated as the average price on the market. This is. Poloniex is a US-based digital asset exchange offering maximum security and advanced trading features.
Bitcoin (BTC) current price is $7,075.06.
Bitfinex is a full-featured spot trading platform for major digital assets. allowing users to easily exchange Bitcoin, Ethereum.
All cryptocurrencies exchange rates Litecoin, Etherum, Monero, Dogecoin. The Bitcoin currency or the virtual money is still holding its head up in spite of the negativity it has been receiving in the news lately.
Bitxoxo launched Android and. allowed its use and exchange, others have.


I am so excited that you are here! It makes me want to hug you. You see, I'm Vanessa…and I'm a hugger. I hug to express joy, excitement, and support. I hug when I welcome people to my home and since you are here at my new website (my home), you are automatically part of the circle!
I work with so many great photographers, and wanted to make sure to properly credit all these creative, talented people whose work is proudly displayed on our website. Thanks to all of you -- you're the best!!


This post was first published officially on the Lexham Press blog: http://blog.lexhampress.com/blog/2016/1/28/pauls-passionate-defense-of-the-gospel-in-galatians.
To journey into the book of Galatians is to venture into a hostile and confused mob, where outbursts of anger, jealousy, and bitterness are vented in a chaotic cacophony. One voice cuts through the bedlam—"Back to the gospel." All stop to listen, but will all hear?
That voice is Paul's, and his announcement is broadcast to us no less than to the churches in southern Galatia, churches in the region of modern-day Turkey, nearest the Mediterranean Sea, that he had planted on his first missionary journey. Galatians may well be Paul's earliest letter, written about 15 years after Jesus' ascension, and it's charged with an emotional intensity we can't afford to miss. While the letter is profoundly pastoral, Paul isn't trying to be particularly "pastorally sensitive." He's confronting something extremely dangerous.
Like attorneys trying to discredit a witness, the personal attack was aimed at discrediting Paul's testimony: justification by grace alone, through faith alone. These agitators insisted that in addition to faith in Jesus, God required circumcision, kosher eating, and Sabbath observance. In other words, salvation required Christ plus the law of Moses. This was no mere difference of opinion. Paul's aim, then, is to take the Galatians back to the true gospel, to liberate them from the agitators' lies. Their message might have sounded good, but it actually led to a devilish combination of thought and action that would have negated grace and established Pharisaic legalism at the heart of the church.
Ex-Pharisees, however, struggle to leave legalism behind. "God loves us," we say, yet we secretly feel his love and our salvation are contingent on how we are doing in the Christian life. We constantly want to base justification on sanctification, to take what is free and slap a surcharge on it. Our abiding tendency is to performance-based religion, not knowing how to live by grace. Or we fear a message solely of grace will devalue God's standards.
The attack on Paul's authority, therefore, was an attack on the gospel. In reply, Paul lifts his voice with passion, not simply to defend his apostolic calling but to preach the gospel again to his beloved Galatian converts. Liberation from legalism lies in seeing God's grace not only as completely sufficient for salvation, but also as the wellspring for every facet of life.


Its Wednesday kids and I'm once again linking up with E over at E Myself and I for some mid week confessions. I will say that since Sawyer has been sleeping better (Praise the Lord!) my confessions aren't as full of sleep deprived angst as they were last week.
- I've been doing Stroller Strides for the past few weeks and I love it. After class I reward myself by stopping at Starbucks for a skinny caramel macchiato. I purposefully conveniently park in a location so I walk by it after class. The past few times in addition to my coffee I've gotten a cheese Danish thereby completely undoing any calorie burn I got during class.
-Today I made the healthier decision and skipped the cheese Danish. But then I bought a piece of chocolate cake at the grocery store. And gummy bears. And I wonder why I can't lose those last 10 lbs of baby weight.
- I loathe Kim Kardashian (what the heck is she famous for anyway?). I think she looks terrible pregnant and that makes me kind of happy.
*speaking of celebrity pregnancies, Jessica Simpson looks so great this go around! I think she's kind of an idiot but she designs cute clothes and handbags.
- I exchanged this text with my mom today. I was having serious Candy Crush withdrawals.
- Sawyer is into shaking toys that rattle. But he also wants to chew them at the same time. He usually ends up hitting himself in the face. I find it hilarious.
That's all for today friends. It was so beautiful here today! I wore Capris (that I wore two summers ago and they fit with the exception of my muffin ton) and flip flops. Can't wait for more sunny days!
TOTALLY love the Starbucks "reward." Sam and I have started going through the Starbucks drive thru for iced coffee and a cake pop (chocolate for me, birthday cake for him) on Tuesdays as a "reward" after speech. I don't even work out before! Haha.


"diamond wars" - the longest running scenario paintball game in the UK!
Set against the backdrop of a politically unstable fictional country known as the Corimbe - Diamond Wars has been running at NPF since 2007. Two powerful corporations - the HMC and USDE have battled for control of the Corimbe and it's rich diamond ore seams since this date.
Dynamic game play, multiple missions, plus elements of big game paintball and woodsball combine to give players one of the best Paintball series in Europe.
2019 sees Diamond Wars reach it's 12th year!
Bring a buddy - Rental players welcome - all kit included!
Events run bi-monthly on the last Sunday of the month - see Itinerary for Info.
Diamond Wars Event 4 is the main big game event on the Saturday of our world-renowned Paintball festival, Paintfest which takes place over the final weekend of July every year.
Become part of the legendary series that is Diamond Wars ...book today or call for info!
*The Diamond Wars event in July is part of our Paintfest Festival weekend and therefore different ticket prices apply - please see Paintfest for more info!
1030 - 1230 : GAME ON!
1330 - 1530 : GAME ON!
Check out our other Walk-On paintball Sunday events for 2019!!
Book your Diamond Wars event ticket in advance either online or by phone and get Fastrack entry on the day.
WHAT IS THE MINIMUM AGE FOR DIAMOND WARS EVENTS?
The minimum age permissible for playing the Diamond Wars events at NPF is 11 years. Diamond Wars attracts players with their own kit & equipment and we do have younger players that attend. It is possible to attend as Rental player with NPF kit for the day to try out the event.
There is no minimum group size for Diamond Wars - players attend regularly as individuals but also in larger groups. The event is very social and is a great way to make new paintball friends and get involved with teams. A great way to expand your paintball hobby!
HOW MUCH DOES Diamond wars COST?
We have 2 packages for Diamond Wars priced at £65.00 and £85 per player. The main difference is the number of paintballs included. If you do not own your own kit & equipment then we can also include our NPF rental kit in the cost of the ticket - please let us know if you require kit. See the PRICES tab above for more info.
No...we do not permit players to bring paintballs from any other source into NPF. We sell good quality, environmentally friendly paintballs at competitive prices. Both Diamond Wars packages include paintballs for you to shoot and more can be bought on the day at £30 per case. Inferior quality paintballs cause problems with paintball kit and will spoil your experience. Any person caught using "contraband" paintballs risks being ejected from games - and possibly from the day itself. No credits or refunds will be given.
Casual, loose comfortable clothing that you can move easily in. If you are a Rental customer then you will be given an all-in-one combat coverall to wear and our standard issue paintball equipment. Diamond Wars attracts many players that wear all their own paintball kit. Best Footwear would be outdoor style boots, walking boots or old trainers.
Book your DW ticket online in advance or call us to book over the phone on 0121 323 1000. Full Payment or a minimum deposit of £10 per player will be required in order to secure your booking. Fast-track your registration by paying in Full in advance and beat the queues.
Enola Gaye pyrotechnics available to purchase - smoke grenades, paint grenades + thunderflash!
Large Showground events area with professional paintball arena and grandstand.
Coming soon the Pop up Action cafe opening weekends, serving freshly prepared food, home made cakes and barista style coffee for you to enjoy!
NPF recommended for everything from walk on games to diamond wars and especially Paintfest!
CLIVE RILEY - Ged and his team have it nailed!!!
Looking for other great outdoor events?


BIOMETRIC finger swipe technology. This is the most reliable biometric entry system available, with supreme accuracy and the lowest fail-rate on the market. Accommodates 15 different fingerprints. MADE IN THE USA.


text:
Added on July 5, 2020 Manzoor Anjum
Geelani's resignation and Kashmir situation
The nonagenarian will have to do lots of explaining
Senior separatist leader, Syed Ali Geelani's quitting a forum (All Parties Hurriyat Conference) which was exclusively created and floated by him, has resulted into some buzz in the political and social circles of Kashmir. Debates, all over, are going on that whether the nonagenarian leader's decision is some sort of 'national tragedy' or just a mere incident of no significance, whatsoever. These debates have been necessitated because all the sacrifices made in past three decades, the destructions that happened here, the incidents and the tragedies Kashmir faced, were all wedded to a political stance taken by Syed Ali Geelani.
One needs not to be a rocket scientist to understand that whatever Syed Ali Geelani, during these three decades, did was aimed at scratching the name of Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah from the collective memory of Kashmiris. Abdullah, a national hero for Kashmiris for more than half a century, was both Sher-e-Kashmir (Lion of Kashmir) and Asia Ka Buland Sitara (the highest star of Asia) for Kashmiri populace.
Post 1990, Syed Ali Geelani launched a brand of politics to counter the love, respect and faith that Kashmiris had reposed in the person of Sheikh Abdullah. He countered his ideals of secularism, religious moderation, progressive political ideas and non-violent political strategy to achieve political goals.
To counter Abdullah's popularity, Geelani raised the slogans of Nizam-e-Mustafa, clash between Kufr-u-Iman (faith and faithlessness), politics of merger with Pakistan and strategy of gun (Violence). By doing so, Geelani sowed the dream of "Azadi" in the eyes of Kashmiris and succeeded in being named as Rehbar-e-Inqilab (the leader of revolution) by most of his admirers. He tried to demolish and negate the past and ensured that the flag of his political ideology is raised all over.
Whatever he said, most of the people agreed to it and whatever he wanted, that happened. Mind, his political ideology was not hugged by the people because they really agreed with him but because there were some other reasons too which everyone in Kashmir knows.
Interesting aspect of his popularity was, without any doubt, his inability and incapacity of understanding the fine points of politics. He would never try to comprehend the political ground realities, geo-politics and other fine points of state craft but would exclusively bank his strategy on his "self conceived political belief" challenging India with his meager muscle and bone.
He would dare India to leave Kashmir, as if he was not an individual from (Now) Hyderpora in Srinagar but a state. He would reject any negotiation offer from Government of India. He would shut his door to the top leaders of Indian Union. Such acts won him some admirers who thought he was much greater a leader than Abdullah.
Geelani, having no understanding of real politics, missed a point. State is a State. When it decides something, individuals like Geelani, stand nowhere. Violence is bad, though Geelani always endorsed it, but those who have a scant understanding of politics know that for State's violence is legitimate tool, only that they have to justify it.
Frustrated or disillusioned by the attitude of Kashmiri separatist leaders like Geelani, India decided to show a new face which it had not shown from 1990 till 2019. Constitutional guaranties to J&K people were withdrawn and politicians, even those who would speak about Art 370, Autonomy, Self Rule were imprisoned. And once it was done, Geelani's politics hit a dead end and the revolution that Geelani was advocating, bereft of any political understanding, vanished in thin air.
Geelani's politics cost Kashmiris a lot. His "Azadi for Islam" is visible nowhere. His politics reduced Kashmir to nothingness. His Pakistan love destroyed Kashmiris. Question is, now what should Kashmiris fight for.
On August, 05 2019, Geelani went into a silent mode. He didn't utter a word. On June 30, 2020, he re-emerged and issued a statement saying his APHC is corrupt. PERIOD.
Courage and intellect have many facets. If a river is in flood and there are some who want to reach the opposing bank, one section of those would say 'come what may, we will cross.' They will jump into the waters and kill themselves and their poor follower. Though they would be remembered as courageous and bold, but their contribution to the people is a big ZERO. That is what Geelani did.
There are others, who would gauge and watch the waves. These are the real thinking people. They watch the river, monitor all weather forecasts and geographical relevance and don't jump into troubled waters. Thus they save themselves and their people too. They may be described as cowards, but they are the real thinking minds.
Human psychology is very complex. Those who jump into rivers in flood may be regarded as heroes because generally people, in every society, love leaders who go against the tide. But actually those who decide not to commit the suicide are the real leaders.
Some people, like Geelani, love to be remembered as "hard-line leaders to counter Sheikh Abdullah." They condemn the moderates, who have an eye on waves, weather and flow of (political) water and try to prove that they are the only answer to the troubles of Kashmiris. But they miss the point that by doing so they are actually missing the final goal.
Geelani needs to understand that his so called "hardline politics" got demolished when his APHC's Pakistan chapter didn't utter a word once he submitted his resignation. The wave, he wanted to conquer, drowned him mercilessly as no one, except newspapers, mentioned his resignation anywhere.
Whether we like Geelani or not, fact of the matter is that Geelani has tried "every trick in his kitty" to be seen the sole voice of Pakistan in Kashmir. For him Kashmir movement was a struggle to annex Kashmir with Pakistan. But after his resignation, this pro Pakistan voice is gone, gone for good or bad.
Politics of the region suggests that in India, Pakistan and Kashmir, the political actors will be busy to find some alternative to Geelani. There is every likelihood that Hurriyat leadership will shift to Rawalpindi (Pakistan) though we know that almost all decisions were made from there earlier too and also from New Delhi.
Whether one agrees or not, most of the mainstream political parties in Indian side of Kashmir are manufactured in New Delhi and the separatists in Pakistan. When Hurriyat Conference was decided to be launched, the decision was made in Islamabab. Though there were senior leaders like Syed Ali Geelani, A G Lone, Maulana Abbass Ansari, but the leadership was handed over to Mirwaiz Umar Farooq and all were forced to accept this Pak decision.
However, Geelani never acknowledged Mirwaiz's leadership. His supporters in Pakistan, who were good in number, wanted him to be the sole leader. And once Hizbul Mujahidden emerged as a powerful armed group and A G Lone got assassinated, Geelani jumped to the occasion and floated his own APHC. And ensured that his grouping is referred to as APHC (G).
So, Geelani ensured a division within, what they call "freedom camp." Now Kashmir had APHC (G) means Geelani and APHC (M) means Mirwaiz Umar Farooq. Geelani tried every trick to portray himself as a hardline political leader and used Jamaa't Islami and Hizbul Mujahideen influence to the hilt. In the process, groups of stone pelters emerged on the scene and also of those over ground workers who would ensure to enforce Geelani's strike programme and to denounce those who would dare to oppose it.
The then state of Jammu and Kashmir was ruled by PDP during those days. The party tried to exploit the situation to suit its political goals. Having an eye on the situation, New Delhi did the August 05, 2019 bifurcating J&K into two union territories.
And the play ends
There were no ripples. Post August 05, 2019, Geelani sealed his lips, Mirwaiz did the same, Farooq Abdullah and Mehbooba Mufti did the same.
Geelani may be upset why he alone is being targeted for post-August 05 inaction. It is because he forced people, through all means, to accept him as leader of revolution (Rehbar-e-Inqilab) and therefore he has to answer to lots of questions and make lots of explaining. He made people die for Nizam-e-Mustafa and now he quits. He talked obnoxiously about demographic changes and now when domicile certificates are being issued, he resigns from APHC. Wasn't it Geelani and his followers who would tell people of Kashmir that Azadi is "round the corner." Where is that Azadi, Geelani has to answer.
Kashmir is facing terrible social, psychological and economical trauma. There still are some dream merchants, who had all along been dragging Kashmiris to the unachievable delusion and are now trying to sell China-India standoff in Ladakh as something that would help Kashmiris.
The people of Kashmir have to make a decision – once for all. They need a leadership, a new and energetic leadership, not the traditional mainstream or separatist. This new leadership has to be the one that has watched both mainstream and separatists failing people on all fronts. We have to change un-achievable ideologies and ideas and move ahead with pragmatism.
Those leaders who brought Kashmir to such a stage where its existence is questioned, need to be sidelined. The people who are witness to the events of post 1990 need to make a decision. No more delusions, no more illusions, the Kashmir society needs a new thought. The thought that defeats their sense of defeat post August 05, 2019.
-The author is Editor, Urdu Daily Uqab. The write-up was originally written in Urdu.
Manzoor Anjum

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
How to get to know someone through chat
Peeping into his inner world from the mantra
A well-known human behaviorist once said, "human beings have two kinds of expressions. One is the expression on their face; The other is the message conveyed by the other party when talking. " A catchphrase is a conditioned reflex of people's subconscious mind. It is the personal information and personality that people inadvertently reveal. It is an inner view of things and a fixed language reflection mode formed by external information through its own psychological processing. Therefore, we can understand each other's personality according to each other's mantra, so as to understand his inner world and make ourselves master the initiative of conversation.
[why] such people can't stand things that go against their will, and use this repeated mantra to voice grievances and alleviate depression. Through observation, it is easy to judge the likes and dislikes and values of such people.
[I heard...] such people will leave room for themselves. Generally, such people have a wide range of knowledge, but their decision-making ability is not enough.
[to tell you the truth, to be honest, to be sure, not to deceive you] such people are not confident, lack a sense of security in their heart, have a somewhat impatient personality, and are very concerned about the other party's evaluation of the events they have stated, so they repeatedly emphasize the authenticity of things, hoping that they can be recognized in the group and trusted by many friends.
[maybe, maybe, maybe] this kind of person has strong self-defense ability and won't completely expose his inner thoughts. He is very calm, so his work and personnel relations are good.
The language characteristics of speech expose the hearts of others
Everyone has his own characteristics when talking. By skillfully analyzing the tone, speed and tone of the other party's conversation, we can explore what the other party is thinking in his heart. From the other party's way of speaking, choice of words and sentences, we can see the other party's inner situation, so we can understand how we should deal with it.
During the period of the Three Kingdoms, the famous scholar Guo Shaojia took refuge in Yuan Shaojia. Yuan Shao respected him and treated him like a guest of honor. But soon after, Guo Jia saw from Yuan Shao's speech that he was an unreliable man. Therefore, he said to Guo Tu, a Counselor: "Yuan Shao ostensibly imitated Zhou Gong's courtesy to virtuous corporal, but he didn't focus on what he said, and he often talked about family affairs; I like to let everyone give advice, but I can't make a decision. Such a person can't do great things. " Soon, Guo Jia left Yuan Shao and went to Cao Cao.
When Cao Cao wanted to inspect Guo Jia himself, he asked him, "do you think I can defeat Yuan Shao?" Guo Jia said, "Yuan Shao has ten defeats and you have ten wins [see bet 1]." Cao Cao was convinced. Finally, he suggested that Cao Cao should attack Lv Bu first, and then gradually expand his territory and expand himself. Cao Cao immediately said, "just as Mr. said. You are the one who has made me a great cause, and you are the counselor I am looking for! " Guo Jia also said, "you are the Ming Lord I am looking for!"
Yuan Shaoping has no focus when talking. He likes to talk about family affairs and has no decision-making ability, which proves that he has no ambition and can't achieve great things. Cao Cao was concise and comprehensive. He immediately adopted Guo Jia's suggestions, which proved that he acted decisively, did not procrastinate, could be a major event, and spoke humbly, which made Guo Jia die hard. Therefore, Guo Jia dispels his scruples and can enjoy what he wants.
Some people speak vulgar and obscene, some speak courteously, some speak orderly, some speak nonsense, some speak empty, some speak unintelligible. These can reflect each other's personality characteristics.
Noble, elegant and magnanimous people speak gently and fluently, indicating that they often use elegant social expressions. However, this kind of people should be divided into two kinds. One kind of people is the same on the outside and inside; The other is duplicity.
Many duplicitous people are noble in appearance and ugly in heart. They don't want to be perceived by the other party for their purpose of trying to cover up, so they speak in a gentle tone.
People with vulgar speech are more simple. This type of people, whether to leaders or subordinates, the same sex or the opposite sex, do not change their way of speaking. They like it in the end and hate it in the end.
Only by treating people with different personalities differently can we win each other's favor
1. Impatient person: laugh it off.
Impatient people are generally straightforward and say what they think. If you associate with such a person, the other person may unintentionally offend you. At this time, you should keep a cool head and don't care too much about it, because the other party has no malice in his heart and doesn't deliberately pick on you or be dissatisfied with you. You can laugh at his words, or use self mockery to resolve the embarrassing situation. When the other party understands his mistakes, you will be grateful to you, think you are a generous person, and then be more willing to communicate with you sincerely.
2. Rigid person: patiently snipe his hobby.
Rigid people generally like to go their own way in everything they do, and are always cold to others, especially strangers. Sometimes, although you greet him politely, he will always ignore it and generally will not respond as you expect. In fact, such people generally have few interests and hobbies, and they usually don't like communicating with others. Therefore, when communicating with such people, you will feel that the other party is too boring and can't even find a topic to communicate. In fact, such people also have things they pursue and care about. Therefore, when communicating with such people, you must not show indifference. Instead, you should spend some time, observe carefully, pay attention to his every move, and find out what he really cares about from his words and deeds. Once they touch the topic they are enthusiastic about, they may immediately sweep away the rigid expression on their faces and show great enthusiasm.
In addition, when dealing with such people, we should be more patient, communicate with them step by step, and try not to touch those people or things that upset him. Put yourself in their shoes, protect their interests, gradually let the other party consciously accept some new things, and finally change their mentality. In this way, they may be more willing to associate with you.
3. Arrogant person: find the nature of his life.
In the process of communication, we may also meet some people who think highly of themselves and look down on others. They always like to show an "egotistic" appearance. Such people are rude and arrogant. To tell the truth, dealing with such people is really a painful thing. However, communication with such people also has certain communication skills. Generally, the following two points shall be achieved:
(1) The language is concise and clear. When communicating with such a person, express your request or a problem clearly to the other person in the least possible words. In this way, the other party will feel that you are a quick and straightforward person, will no longer "bargain" with you, and will eventually restrict your behavior.
(2) Such people should be deliberately invited to engage in some activities. For example, invite him to dance, sing karaoke, or talk more about home affairs with him, and so on. Once the other person shows the true nature of his life in front of you, he will no longer be arrogant to you.
4. Competitive person: smooth the donkey's hair.
Such people generally have a strong desire for performance. When communicating with others, they will show off and arrogant, and always strive to prove that they are stronger and correct than others. When they meet their competitors, they will always try to exclude each other, attack each other by any means, and strive to gain the upper hand in all aspects. When communicating with such a person, you must follow him, praise him more, and don't show that you are better than him, otherwise you may annoy each other.
Two must kill skills to make the other party feel happy to communicate:
1. The power of the word "you / you" can hide yourself and give each other a chance to show
When we talk with strangers, we use the word "you" as much as possible before saying each sentence, which will immediately grasp the other party's heart, win more positive responses, make the other party feel proud, quickly walk into the other party's heart and achieve our own communication purpose.
2. Be good at listening and give each other a chance to show
Hongding businessman "Hu Xueyan's communication skill used by many friends" is very simple, that is, he will listen. When dealing with others, no matter how boring the other party's words are, he can be serious, look at the other party with both eyes, listen very deeply, and will have great interest in the other party's words. Moreover, at a critical juncture, he would add one or two sentences, which made the talker feel the pleasure of meeting him later, and then he would naturally become good friends with him.
Tips for winning the favor and trust of new friends:
1. Cater to each other's interests. 2. Say good things behind your back. 3. Praise / flatter. 4. Be good at activating the atmosphere during conversation (humor, exaggerated praise, self mockery)
[Note 1] Yuan Shao has "ten defeats" and the Lord (referring to Cao Cao) has "ten victories", which is roughly as follows:
Yuan Shaofan, Li Duoyi; And the Lord let nature. This is the "Daosheng" one.
Yuan Shao did not respect the imperial court; The Lord supports the son of heaven and commands the world. This is "righteousness wins" two also.
At the end of the Han Dynasty, the government order lost its leniency, and Yuan Shao ruled leniency with leniency, so he could not end his decadence; The Lord ruled with ferocity, and both the upper and lower levels could exercise self-discipline. These are the three principles of "governance and victory".
Yuan Shao is broad outside but taboo inside. He is suspicious of his employees. All the people he uses are relatives and children. The Lord is easy to be simple outside but smart inside. He has no doubt about his employment. He is only competent and does not ask whether he is close or not. This is the "degree victory" four also.
Yuan Shao often misses a good opportunity when he makes many plans and makes few decisions; As soon as the Lord's plan comes out, he will implement it. He will be flexible and changeable. This is the five principles of "seeking victory".
By virtue of his family background and prestige, Yuan Shao pretended to be modest and fishing for fame. Most of his followers were people greedy for fame; The Lord treats people sincerely, gets along with people with confidence, and does not seek false beauty. Under the rate of thrift, there is nothing stingy about rewarding meritorious deeds. Therefore, people with loyalty, righteousness, wisdom and genuine talents and practical learning are attached to him one after another. This is the "virtue wins" six also.
Yuan Shao was sympathetic to hunger and cold, but he was indifferent to those who had not seen their relatives. This is also the so-called "benevolence of women"; Although the Lord has neglected the small things in front of him, he can look at the world and think more than he expects. This is the "benevolence wins" seven also.
Yuan Shaoxi's officers and men fought for power and profit and slandered each other; However, the Lord's "Tao" has made rumors unpopular. This is the "Mingsheng" eight also.
Yuan Shao, regardless of right and wrong, listened to them and rejected them; The Lord treats "yes" with courtesy, and "no" with justice. This is "Wen Sheng" Jiuye.
Yuan Shao liked bluff and talked about the army but didn't understand the essentials of the art of war; Lord, you can defeat the enemy with less, use your arms like a God, and show no ghosts. This is "wusheng" shiye!
With this "ten victories" versus "ten defeats", why do you worry about Yuan Shao not being destroyed! "


text:
Die Gory Konovalova (englische Transkription von ) sind eine Gruppe von Hügeln an der Küste des ostantarktischen Enderbylands. Sie ragen am Kopfende der Freeth Bay unmittelbar östlich des Campbell-Gletschers auf.

Russische Wissenschaftler benannten sie. Der Namensgeber ist nicht überliefert.

Weblinks
 Konovalova, gory im Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica (englisch)

Enderbyland


text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}

Quantum field theory models with compactified dimensions have been used
to describe different physical situations, ranging from finite
size effects in critical phenomena~\cite{Brezin:1985xx,zinn,livro}, to  the
unification of fundamental interactions~\cite{dvali,sundrum,antoniadis1}.
These ideas have recently attracted renewed interest; for instance,
results about the electroweak phase transition has been
presented in~\cite{Panico}, in the context of a $4+1$-dimensional theory
with a compactified dimension.

The presence of extra compactified dimensions may give rise to effects at
different scales, not just those in high energy physics realm;  in particular
on low energy phenomena, like atomic physics. Following this idea, we evaluate,
within a specific  domain of physics, namely Quantum Electrodynamics, the
effects that would follow if our world were 5-dimensional. In particular, we
investigate at one-loop order some effects due to the assumption of a
non-trivial vacuum with a non-vanishing magnetic flux along the compactified
dimension.

Effects on the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon associated with
extra-dimensional excitations of the photon and of the W and Z bosons, have
been studied in~\cite{Nath}, in a space whose extra dimensions have large
compactification radii. Those authors
have shown that, when the extra-dimensional corrections to the Fermi constant
are
included, their  effects on $(g_{\mu}-2)$ become too small to be observable.
They discuss a model which avoids the extra-dimensional corrections to the
muon
decay $\mu\rightarrow e{\bar{\nu}}_e\nu_{\mu}$ without suppression of their
effects on $(g_{\mu}-2)$. Eventual extra-dimensions effects on $(g_{\mu}-2)$
would be very interesting. We know, since the  $g-2$ experiment at Brookhaven
National Laboratory (USA) in 2004, and subsequent experiments, that the
expected value from standard theoretical calculations, that predicts $g=2$,
could not be confirmed, since both theoretical prediction and experimental
results have a large amount of uncertainty. Although a
conclusive response is not available, a value of $g\neq 2$ is not
excluded by experimentalists~\cite{babar}. Indeed, in the experimental framework
of $QED$ a recent experiment for the electron magnetic moment, gives a much more
precise value for $g_e$ (the claimed uncertainty is nearly 6 times lower than in
the past). These authors still find a deviation from the value
$g=2$~\cite{Harvard}. In atomic physics, very accurate measurements of the
asymptotic quantum effects on Rydberg excitations have also been carried
out~\cite{Deuterium}.

Another interesting consequence of the possible existence of extra dimensions is
explored in~\cite{Dubovsky}. This study shows that they would imply that
electric charge might not be exactly conserved, what has been a subject of
discussion for a long
time~\cite{Ignatev,Mohapatra,Susuki}.
As mentioned in~\cite{Dubovsky}, in four-dimensional theories, a tiny deviation
from electric charge conservation would lead to contradictions with low-energy
tests
of $QED$. These could, in turn, be cured by the introduction of
hyphotetical millicharged particles~\cite{Susuki}. However, as argued
in~\cite{Dubovsky},  if our world were considered as
 a submanifold of a higher-dimensional space, this artifact would not be
necessary. Indeed
 in this
case, particles initially confined to our $4$-dimensional subspace could, under
some circumstances
migrate to the extra dimensions.
The idea presented in~\cite{Dubovsky} is that if they are electrically charged, their migration from our world
into extra dimensions would appear for us as non-conservation of electric
charge.
Charge non-conservation and other possible effects of extra dimensions could
perhaps be investigated in experiments similar to those
in~\cite{Harvard,Deuterium}.

In~\cite{gregos} a $U(1)$ gauge field theory with fermion or scalar fields
defined on a space with extra compactified dimensions has been considered. These
authors compute the fermion-induced quantum energy in the presence of a constant
magnetic field directed towards the $z$-axis. They study the effect of extra
dimensions on the asymptotic behavior of the quantum energy in the strong field
limit, and find that the weak logarithmic growth of the quantum energy in four
dimensions is modified by a rapid power growth in a space-time with extra
dimensions.

Because of the reasons described above, we believe that the study of effects due
to extra dimensions in electromagnetic phenomena is a subject of actual
interest. We present here new results about that topic; they correspond to
quantum effects in $QED$ with an extra dimension, in a magnetic flux
background. In particular, we consider the modifications that the extra
dimension produces on the vacuum polarization phenomenon.

This paper is organized as follows: in section~\ref{sec:themodel} we
introduce the model and study its more important features, mostly related
to the realization of gauge invariance within the context of a theory with
a compactified dimension, having an extra dimensional-like mode expansion in
mind.  Section~\ref{sec:effective} deals with the effective action, which
is derived including both parity-conserving and parity-violating parts.  In~\ref{sec:nonparity}, we apply the general results
of~\ref{sec:effective} to the exact calculation of the parity conserving
part of the vacuum polarization tensor.
In~\ref{sec:parity}, we consider parity-breaking
effects. Section~\ref{sec:conc} contains our conclusions.

\section{Theoretical framework}\label{sec:themodel}

From a general point of view one can consider a simply or non simply-connected $D$-dimensional
manifold with a topology ${\bf R}^{D}_{d}={\bf R}^{D-d}\times
S_{l_{1}}\times {\mathcal S}_{l_{2}}\cdots \times {\mathcal S}_{l_{d}}$,
with $l_{1}$ corresponding to the inverse temperature and $l_{2}\,,\cdots
l_{d}$  to the compactification of $d-1$ spatial
dimensions (this case has been considered, within the context of spontaneous
symmetry breaking, in~\cite{Ademir}).
An interesting yet simple example of this, corresponds to the
compactification of one dimension in an ${\bf R}^D$ Euclidean spacetime, such
that the topology of the resulting manifold ${\mathcal M}$ is that of
\mbox{${\bf R}^{D-1} \times {\mathcal S}_ 1$}, i.e., `circular
compactification'.  Although the compelling features that emerge in this
situation have been studied using several different techniques in the
literature, one can take advantage of a (formal) common feature; indeed,
they share many properties with the imaginary-time formulation of quantum
field theory at finite temperature~\cite{3mats1,3ume4}.  This allows one,
for example, to take advantage of the many well-known methods and results
developed in this context, such as Feynman diagrams and renormalization
techniques, to import them to the case under consideration.

For just one compactified dimension (imaginary time or a spatial
dimension) the Feynman rules are modified, the most characteristic new
feature is the Matsubara prescription for momentum integrals,
\begin{equation}
\int \frac{dk_s}{2\pi }\rightarrow \frac 1{\xi}\sum_{n=-\infty }^{+\infty
}\;;\;\;\;k_s\rightarrow \frac{2n\pi }{\xi}\;,
\label{Matsubara1}
\end{equation}
where $k_s$ amounts to the momentum component corresponding to the compactified
dimension, while $\xi$ equals $\beta$ or $L$, for the finite temperature and
compactified spatial dimension cases, respectively.

Within the previous general framework, we here investigate one-loop effects for
$QED_{3+1}$ with an extra compactified dimension, in a non-trivial vacuum for
the gauge field, defined by a non-vanishing component along the extra dimension.

The system we shall deal with may be conveniently defined in terms of an
Euclidean action, $S$, which has the structure:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:defs0}
S({\mathcal A};{\bar\Psi},\Psi) \;=\; S_g({\mathcal A})
\,+\, S_f({\mathcal A};{\bar\Psi},\Psi)\;,
\end{equation}
where $S_g$ and $S_f$ denote the $U(1)$ gauge field and fermionic actions,
respectively. The former is assumed to have a standard Maxwell form, namely:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:defsg}
S_g({\mathcal A}) \;=\; \frac{1}{4} \, \int d^5x \, {\mathcal
F}_{\alpha\beta}  {\mathcal F}_{\alpha\beta} \;,
\end{equation}
with ${\mathcal F}_{\alpha\beta}\equiv\partial_\alpha {\mathcal A}_\beta -
\partial_\beta {\mathcal A}_\alpha$, where we adopted the convention that
indices from the beginning of the Greek alphabet ($\alpha$, $\beta$,
\ldots) label all the coordinates of the spacetime manifold, and therefore
run from $0$ to $4$.  Since we will be specially interested in the model as
it is seen from a $3+1$ dimensional point of view, we shall also use
another convention: indices from the middle of the Greek alphabet ($\mu$,
$\nu$, \ldots) are reserved for the $3+1$-dimensional spacetime
coordinates while, when this notation is used, the extra dimension
coordinate shall be denoted by $s$. Then:
\begin{eqnarray}
\alpha \,&=&\, 0,\,1,\,2,\,3,\,4 \;,\;\;\;
\mu \,=\, 0,\,1,\,2,\,3\;,\;\;\;\nonumber \\
&& d^5 x \;\equiv\; d^{3+1}x \,dx_4 \;=\; d^{3+1}x \, ds \;,
\end{eqnarray}
and $x$ will be assumed to denote the $3+1$ coordinates $x_\mu$,
unless explicit indication on the contrary.  The extra dimension is assumed
to be compactified with a radius $R$, so that $s \sim s + L$, $L = 2 \pi
R$.

On the other hand, the Dirac action, $S_f$, is given by
\begin{equation}
 S_f({\bar\Psi},\Psi;{\mathcal A}) \;=\; \int d^{3+1}x \, ds \; {\bar\Psi}(x,s)
\big( {\mathcal D} + m \big) \Psi(x,s)
\end{equation}
where ${\mathcal D}$ is the $4+1$ dimensional Dirac operator, \mbox{${\mathcal
D}= \gamma_\alpha D_\alpha$}. The covariant derivative
\mbox{$D_\alpha \equiv \partial_\alpha + i g {\mathcal A}_\alpha$}
includes a coupling constant $g$ with the dimensions of $({\rm
mass})^{-\frac{1}{2}}$. For Dirac's $\gamma$-matrices, we assume that
$\gamma_s \equiv \gamma_5$, where the latter is the $\gamma_5$ matrix for
the $3+1$ world.

To proceed, we discuss now the mode expansion and its relation to gauge
invariance. To that end, we follow~\cite{zinn}, where this issue is
discussed at length, albeit in the finite temperature theory context, in the
Matsubara formulation of thermal field theory. Due to the formal analogy
with this situation, a quite straightforward procedure allows us to adapt
the results derived there to our case. The necessary changes that
follow from the fact that our compactified dimension is spatial rather
than temporal are taken into account by using (\ref{Matsubara1}).
In that analogy, the length $L$ plays the same role of
the inverse temperature in \cite{zinn}: $L \sim \beta$, $\beta = T^{-1}$.

What follows is a brief review of some of those properties (the ones which
are relevant to our study), adapted to our case and conventions. To begin
with, the gauge field configuration ${\mathcal A}_\alpha(x,s)$ may be
decomposed into its zero ($A_\alpha$) and non-zero ($Q_\alpha$) mode
components:
\begin{equation}
{\mathcal A}_\alpha(x,s) \;=\; L^{-\frac{1}{2}} \, A_\alpha(x) \,+\,
Q_\alpha(x,s) \;,
\end{equation}
where the two terms in this decomposition may be defined by:
\begin{equation}
A_\alpha(x) \;=\;  L^{-\frac{1}{2}} \, \int_0^L ds \,
{\mathcal A}_\alpha (x,s) \;,
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
Q_\alpha(x,s) \;=\; {\mathcal A}_\alpha(x,s) \,-\, L^{-\frac{1}{2}} \,
A_\alpha(x) \;,
\end{equation}
so that $\int_0^L ds \, Q_\alpha(x,s)\,=\, 0$. An $L^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ factor
has been included  in the zero mode term in order to make this field have
the usual mass dimensions in $3+1$ spacetime dimensions; this property will
become useful after dimensional reduction.

The decomposition above finds a natural interpretation when one considers the
Fourier expansion of the gauge field along the extra dimension:
\begin{equation}
{\mathcal A}_\alpha (x,s) \;=\; L^{-\frac{1}{2}} \,
\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}\, e^{ i \omega_n s} \,\widetilde{\mathcal A}_\alpha(x,n) \;,
\end{equation}
with $\omega_n \equiv \frac{2 \pi n}{L}$, where one identifies:
\begin{equation}
A_\alpha(x) \,=\, \widetilde{\mathcal A}_\alpha(x,0) \;\;,\;\;\;\;
Q_\alpha(x,s) \,=\, L^{-\frac{1}{2}} \,
\sum_{n \neq 0}\, e^{ i \omega_n s} \,\widetilde{\mathcal A}_\alpha(x,n) \;.
\end{equation}

Then we dimensionally reduce the theory, what, for the gauge field action,
amounts to keeping just the zero mode component of the gauge field. Thus:
\begin{equation}
S_g({\mathcal A}) \; \to \; S_g (A) \;=\; S_g(A_\mu, \,A_s) \;,
\end{equation}
where:
\begin{equation}
S_g(A_\mu, A_s)=\int d^{3+1}x \, \Big[
\frac{1}{2} \partial_\mu A_s \partial_\mu A_s
+\frac{1}{4} F_{\mu\nu}(A) F_{\mu\nu}(A) \Big],
\end{equation}
with $F_{\mu\nu}(A) \equiv \partial_\nu A_\nu - \partial_\nu A_\mu$.

Regarding the fermionic action $S_f$, the reduction amounts to:
\begin{equation}
S_f({\mathcal A}; {\bar\Psi}, \Psi ) \; \to \;
S_f(A_\mu,A_s;{\bar\Psi},\Psi) \;.
\end{equation}
The fermionic field is not dimensionally reduced by the simple reason that,
in the calculation of the effective gauge field action, its only contribution
comes from the fermion loop. That loop may be represented as a series of
$3+1$ loops, each one with a different mass. Although the contributions of
heavier modes may be relatively suppressed, the very fact that there is an
infinite number of them forbids us to truncate that series (even if there
were a zero mode).

Thus, the following explicit expression for the fermionic action shall be
used after dimensional reduction:
\begin{equation}
S_f \;=\; \int d^{3+1} x \, \int_0^L ds \; {\bar\Psi}(x,s)
\big( \not \!\! D + \gamma_s D_s  + m \big)  \Psi(x,s)
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\not \!\! D \,=\, \gamma_\mu (\partial_\mu + i e A_\mu )
\;\; D_s \,=\, \partial_s + i e A_s  \;.
\end{equation}
We have introduced a new, dimensionless coupling constant $e \equiv g
L^{-\frac{1}{2}}$, which shall play the role of the electric charge in $3+1$
dimensions.

As explained in~\cite{zinn}, when considering the form of the gauge
transformations in terms of the decomposition into zero and non-zero modes,
one finds that it $A_\mu$ transforms as a standard gauge field (in $3+1$ dimensions):
\begin{equation}
\delta A_\mu (x) \,=\, \partial_\mu \alpha (x)
\end{equation}
while its extra dimensional component $A_s$, a scalar from the
$3+1$-dimensional point of view, is shifted by a constant:
\begin{equation}
\delta A_s (x) \,=\,\Omega \;.
\end{equation}
The constant $\Omega$ has to be of the form~\mbox{$\Omega = \frac{2 \pi
k}{L e}$}, where $k$ is an integer, since the gauge field is
coupled to a (charged) fermionic field, whose transformation law under
simultaneous action of the previous gauge transformations is:
\begin{eqnarray}
\Psi (x,s) &\to&  e^{-i e [\alpha(x) + \Omega s ]} \, \Psi (x,s) \nonumber\\
\bar{\Psi} (x,s) &\to&  e^{ i e [\alpha(x) + \Omega s ]} \,
\bar{\Psi} (x,s) \;.
\end{eqnarray}

\section{Effective action}\label{sec:effective}

We now define the part of the effective action that only
depends on the (dimensionally reduced) gauge field, $\Gamma (A)$,
\begin{equation}
\Gamma (A) \; \equiv \; \Gamma (A; {\bar\Psi}, \Psi) \Big|_{{\bar\Psi}=
\Psi = 0} \;,
\end{equation}
where $\Gamma (A; {\bar\Psi}, \Psi)$ is the full effective action.
The functional $\Gamma(A)$ allows one to derive $1PI$ functions containing
only $A_\mu$, $A_s$ external lines. The former have an immediate $3+1$
dimensional interpretation, while the latter shall be assumed to have
a constant (but otherwise arbitrary) value, which is determined by a
condition which is external to the model.

On the other hand, at the one-loop order, the only non-trivial term comes
from the fermionic loop:
\begin{equation}
\Gamma(A) \;=\; \Gamma^{(0)}(A) \,+\,\Gamma^{(1)}(A) \;+\;\ldots
\end{equation}
where $\Gamma^{(0)}(A) = S_g(A)$ and
\begin{equation}
e^{-\Gamma^{(1)}(A)} \;=\; \int {\mathcal D}\Psi {\mathcal D}{\bar\Psi} e^{-
S_f(A; {\bar\Psi},\Psi) } \;.
\end{equation}

We shall focus on the effective action for the gauge field components
$A_\mu$ that have a direct physical interpretation from a $3+1$-dimensional
perspective. Regarding the scalar component, $A_s$, as we have said above, it
will be assumed to yield a non-vanishing flux:
\begin{equation}
e \int_0^L ds A_s \;=\; \theta
\end{equation}
where $\theta$ is a constant.  This condition may be conveniently solved by
means of a constant $A_s$:
\begin{equation}
A_s \;=\; \frac{\theta}{e L} \;,
\end{equation}
which is the gauge fixing that we shall assume. Note that, since the gauge
transformations shift $A_s$ by an integer multiple of $\frac{2\pi}{e L}$,
we may fix the value of $\theta$ to the fundamental region:
\begin{equation}
0 \leq 	\theta < 2 \pi  \;,
\end{equation}
which we shall assume in what follows.

It is worth noting that this kind of gauge field configuration may be
interpreted as `topological', in the sense that it corresponds locally
(althougth not globally) to a `pure gauge' field configuration. Indeed, it
cannot be gauged away, since the corresponding gauge transformation would
be multivalued (when the extra dimension is encircled). Charged fields feel
this kind of configuration when they encircle the extra coordinate, in a fashion
that resembles the Aharonov-Bohm effect. The field configuration may be realized
in a similar way to this effect: a singular field strength pointing in a
direction orthogonal to the plane of the circle. Besides, as in the
Aharonov-Bohm effect, the region of space where the field strength is
non-vanishing, cannot be reached by the charged fields. The situation can be
easily visualized in a lower dimensional example, namely, the case of a $2+1$
dimensional theory, if one assumes $x_2$ to be the extra, compactified
dimension. Here, space is a cylinder, and the gauge field configuration
corresponding to the vacuum field would be a singular flux string along the
cylinder axis. This means that it is outside of the assumed cylindrical space,
since it needs a third coordinate to be realized. In a similar way, the kind of
configuration we consider could be realized by singular, monopole-like field
strengths in a higher (more than $4+1$) dimensional manifold.

We then proceed to Fourier expand the fermionic fields along the $s$
coordinate:
\begin{eqnarray}
\Psi(x,s) &=& L^{-\frac{1}{2}} \,\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty e^{ i \omega_n s} \psi_n(x)
\nonumber\\
{\bar\Psi}(x,s) &=& L^{-\frac{1}{2}} \,\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty e^{ - i \omega_n s}
{\bar\psi}_n(x) \;,
\end{eqnarray}
and insert this into the functional expression for $\Gamma^{(1)}(A)$, to
obtain:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:sfexpand}
S_f \;=\; \sum_{n=-\infty}^{n=+\infty}
\int d^{3+1}x\,\bar{\psi}_n(x) \big(\not \!\! D + i \gamma_s (\omega_n +
\frac{\theta}{L} ) + m \big) \psi_n(x) \;.
\end{equation}
Under the same expansion, the fermionic measure factorizes:
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{D}\Psi \mathcal{D}\bar{\Psi}\;=\;
\prod_{n=-\infty}^{n=+\infty} \mathcal{D}\psi_n(x) \mathcal{D}\bar{\psi}_n(x),
\end{equation}
and, finally, the Euclidean action corresponding to each mode $n$ may be
equivalently written as follows
$$
\int d^{3+1}x\,\bar{\psi}_n(x) \big(\not \!\! D + i \gamma_s (\omega_n +
\frac{\theta}{L} ) + m \big) \psi_n(x)
$$
\begin{equation}
=\; \int d^{3+1}x \,\,\bar{\psi}_n(x)(\not \!\! D + M_n \,
e^{-i \varphi_n \gamma_5})\psi_n(x)
\end{equation}
with
\begin{equation}
 M_n \equiv \sqrt{m^2+(\omega_n+\theta/L)^2}\;,\;\;\;
\varphi_n = {\rm arctan}(\frac{\omega_n+\theta/L}{m}) \;.
\end{equation}
The existence of a $\gamma_5$ term means that parity symmetry will generally be
broken; to study that phenomenon more clearly, we perform  a
change in the fermionic variables that gets rid of the dependence in $\gamma_5$,
\begin{equation}
\psi_n(x)\to e^{-i\gamma_5 \varphi_n/2}\psi_n(x)\,,\,\,\,\,\bar{\psi}_n(x)
\to \bar{\psi}_n(x)e^{-i\gamma_5 \varphi_n/2} \;,
\end{equation}
after which the mode labelled by $n$ has the action:
\begin{equation}
\int d^{3+1}x \,\,\bar{\psi}_n(x)(\not \!\! D + M_n \,
e^{-i \varphi_n \gamma_5})\psi_n(x) \;.
\end{equation}
This chiral rotation in the $3+1$ Euclidean fermionic variables induces,
however an anomalous Jacobian ${\mathcal J}_n$ for each mode.
Then, $\Gamma^{(1)}$ may be written as follows:
\begin{equation}
e^{-\Gamma^{(1)}(A)} \;=\; \prod_{n=-\infty}^{+\infty}\Big[
{\mathcal J}_n \; e^{-\Gamma^{(1)}_{3+1}(A,M_n)} \Big]\;,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}\label{eq:defj}
{\mathcal J}_n \;=\; \exp \big(\frac{i e^2}{16 \pi^2} \,
\varphi_n \int d^{3+1}x {\tilde F}_{\mu\nu} F_{\mu\nu} \big)  \;,
\end{equation}
with ${\tilde F}_{\mu\nu}=\frac{1}{2} \epsilon_{\mu\nu\rho\lambda}
F_{\rho\lambda}$,
and $\Gamma^{(1)}_{3+1}(A,M_n)$ is the one-loop fermionic contribution to the
effective action, for a fermion whose mass is $M_n$, in $3+1$ dimensions.
Of course, it may be expressed as a fermionic determinant:
\begin{equation}
e^{-\Gamma^{(1)}_{3+1}(A,M_n)} \;=\; \det(\not \!\! D + M_n) \;.
\end{equation}
Then, we arrive to a general expression for the one loop effective action,
\begin{equation}
\Gamma^{(1)}(A) \;=\;\Gamma^{(1)}_e (A) \,+\, \Gamma^{(1)}_o (A)
\end{equation}
where the $e$ and $o$ subscripts stand for the even an odd components
(regarding parity transformations) and are given by
\begin{equation}
\Gamma^{(1)}_e(A) \;=\; \sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} \Gamma^{(1)}_{3+1}(A,M_n)
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}\label{eq:sumj}
\Gamma^{(1)}_o(A) \;=\; - \sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} \ln {\mathcal J}_n \;,
\end{equation}
respectively.

\section{Parity conserving term}\label{sec:nonparity}

The parity conserving part of the effective action may be obtained by
performing the sum of the required $QED_{3+1}$ object, with an $n$-dependent
mass, $M_n$.  We shall focus on that part of $\Gamma^{(1)}_e$ that
contributes to the vacuum polarization tensor for the $A_\mu$ gauge field components.
Since we are not interested in response functions which involve the $s$
component of the currents, it is useful to define:
\begin{equation}
\Gamma^{(1)}_e (A_\mu) \;\equiv\;\Gamma^{(1)}_e (A_\mu,A_s) \,-\,
\Gamma^{(1)}_e (0,A_s) \;.
\end{equation}
Note that $\Gamma^{(1)}_e (0,A_s)\equiv \Gamma_s(A_s)$ does not contribute
to response functions involving $A_\mu$, although it can be used to study
the fermion-loop corrections to an $A_s$ effective potential. The explicit
form of this function is~\cite{zinn}:
\begin{equation}
 \Gamma_s(A_s) \,=\,- 2 L \int d^{3+1}x \, \int \frac{d^4k}{(2\pi)^4}
\ln \big[ \cosh(L k) \,+\, \cos \theta \big] \;.
\end{equation}

The vacuum polarization tensor $\Pi_{\mu\nu}$  is obtained from the quadratic
term in a functional expansion in the gauge field:
\begin{equation}
\Gamma^{(1)}_e(A_\mu) = \frac{1}{2} \int d^{3+1}x \int d^{3+1}y
A_\mu(x) \Pi_{\mu \nu}(x,y) A_\nu(y) + \ldots
\end{equation}

It is then sufficient to resort to the analogous expansion for the $3+1$
dimensional effective action,
\begin{eqnarray}
\Gamma_{3+1}^{(1)}(A,M_n)&=&
\frac{1}{2} \int
d^{3+1}x \int d^{3+1}y \nonumber \\
&\times&\left[A_\mu(x) \Pi_{\mu \nu}^{(n)}(x,y) A_\nu(y)\right]
+\ldots
\end{eqnarray}
(which is even) so that the vacuum polarization receives contributions from
all the modes:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:pisum}
\Pi^e_{\mu \nu} \;=\;\sum_n \Pi_{\mu \nu}^{(n)}\,,
\end{equation}
where $\Pi_{\mu \nu}^{(n)}=\Pi^{(n)}(k^2) \; \delta^T_{\mu \nu}(k)$, with:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:tamed}
\Pi^{(n)}(k^2) \;=\;
\frac{2\,e^2}{\pi} \int_0^1 d\beta\,\,\beta(1-\beta)\,\,\ln
\left[1+\beta(1-\beta)\frac{k^2}{M_n^2}\right]\;,
\end{equation}
which is formally identical to the renormalized scalar part of the vacuum
polarization tensor for a $3+1$ dimensional theory,
and the transverse projector is defined by:
\mbox{$\delta^T_{\mu \nu}(k) \equiv  \delta_{\mu\nu} - k_\mu k_\nu/k^2$}.
Note that the renormalization performed for $\Pi^{(n)}(k^2)$ should in fact be interpreted
as a subtraction for the $4+1$ dimensional theory, which (see below) yields a logarithmically divergent
vacuum polarization, as in $3+1$ dimensions, once all the symmetries have been taken into account.
The subtraction already performed in $3+1$ dimensions does not yet fulfill the
renormalization conditions for the $4+1$ dimensional theory: the zero of
$\Pi^{(n)}$ is at $k^2=0$ for each term, but the limit $k^2
\to 0$ does not necessarily commute with the (infinite) sum over modes. Indeed,
that commutativity is not guaranteed, since the series in (42) does not converge
uniformly.

To do have the proper pole in the propagator, we shall need to perform also a
finite renormalization. Indeed, the sum in (\ref{eq:pisum}) may be
explicitly evaluated using $zeta$-function regularization
techniques~\cite{EE}; we can write $\Pi(k^2)=\sum_{n}\Pi^{(n)}(k^2)$, with
\begin{equation}\label{eq:tamed}
\Pi(k^2) \;=\;
\frac{2\,e^2}{\pi} \int_0^1 d\beta\,\,\beta(1-\beta)\Pi(k^2,\beta),
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}\label{eq:tamed1}
\Pi(k^2,\beta) \;=\;
\sum_{n=-\infty}^{+\infty}\ln\left[\frac{(bn+\frac{\theta}{L})^2+m^2+\beta(1-\beta)k^2}{(bn+\frac{\theta}{L})^2+m^2}
\right]\end{equation}
where $b=2\pi/L$. Then it can be readily seen that,
\begin{eqnarray}
\Pi(k^2,\beta)&=&\lim_{s\rightarrow 0_{-}}\left[\frac{d}{ds}\left(Z_1^{m^2}(s,b^2,\frac{\theta}{L})\right)\right]\nonumber \\
&& -\lim_{s\rightarrow 0_{-}}\left[\frac{d}{ds}\left(Z_1^{m^2+\beta(1-\beta)k^2}(s,b^2,\frac{\theta}{L})\right)\right],\nonumber \\
\label{zeta1}
\end{eqnarray}
where $Z_1(s,...)$ are generalized inhomogeneous $zeta$-functions,
\begin{equation}
Z_1^{M^2}(s,b^2,\frac{\theta}{L})=\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}\left[(bn+\frac{\theta}{L})^2+m^2\right]^{-s},
\label{zeta2}
\end{equation}
with $M^2= m^2$ or $M^2=m^2+\beta(1-\beta)k^2$;

The generalized inhomogeneous $zeta$-function can be written in the whole complex $s$-plane in the form~\cite{EE},
\begin{widetext}
\begin{equation}
Z_1^{M^2}(s,b^2,\frac{\theta}{L})=\frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{\Gamma(s)}\left[\Gamma(s-\frac{1}{2})M^{1-2s}+ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac{\pi n}{Mb}\right)^{s-\frac{1}{2}}cos(n\theta)K_{s-\frac{1}{2}}\left( \frac{2\pi m\,n}{b}\right)\right];
\label{zeta3}
\end{equation}
\end{widetext}
using explicit formulas for $K_{\pm \frac{1}{2}}(z)=\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2z}}e^{-z}$ and $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{e^{-a}}{n}=-\ln\left(1-e^{-a}\right)$,
we get from Eq.~(\ref{zeta1}) after some manipulations,
 remembering $b=2\pi/L$,
\begin{widetext}
\begin{equation}
\Pi(k^2,\beta)-\Pi(0,\beta)=  \ln
\left[\frac{\cosh\left(mL\sqrt{1+\frac{\beta(1-\beta)k^2}{m^2}} \right)-\cos
\theta}{\cosh\left( mL\right)-\cos \theta} \right].
\label{zeta3}
\end{equation}
\end{widetext}
This leads directly to the result
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:piren1}
\Pi^e_R (k^2) &=& \Pi_e (k^2) \,-\, \Pi_e(0) \nonumber\\
&=& \frac{2\,e^2}{\pi} \int_0^1 d\beta\; \beta(1-\beta)
\; \ln [ 1 + F(k^2) ]\;,\nonumber \\
\label{zeta4}
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{equation}\label{eq:piren2}
F(k^2) \;=\; \frac{\cosh \big[m L
\sqrt{1+\beta(1-\beta)\frac{k^2}{m^2}}\big] -
\cosh(m  L)}{\cosh (m L) - \cos(\theta)}\;.
\label{zeta5}
\end{equation}

It is interesting to note that, even though the theory is $5$ dimensional,
the vacuum polarization tensor requires, to be renormalized, just fixing the position
and residue of one pole, as in $4$ dimensions. Indeed, the superficial
degree of divergence, $\delta (\gamma)$, for an $1PI$ Feynman graph
$\gamma$ in $QED_5$ is
\begin{equation}
\delta(\gamma)= 5 - \frac{3}{2} E_G - 2 E_F + \frac{1}{2} V
\end{equation}
where $E_G$ and $E_F$ are the number of external gauge and fermion lines,
respectively, and $V$ is the number of vertices.
For the one-loop vacuum polarization tensor, we then have $\delta(\gamma)=
3$, which, taking into account gauge invariance is reduced to $1$.
Moreover, since the divergent terms can only be {\em even\/} polynomials in the
momentum, we are left with a zero degree divergence: this is the logarithmic divergence
already tamed in (\ref{eq:tamed}).

Let us now study some immediate properties and consequences that follow
from expressions (\ref{eq:piren1}) and (\ref{eq:piren2}) above. The natural
approach is perhaps to look at its predictions for different momentum
regimes. Let us thus begin by considering the low momentum regime, namely,
$k^2 << m^2$. The leading term, $k^2/m^2 \to 0$ has already been
considered, to impose the renormalization condition $\Pi_R^e \to 0$, which
is not actually a prediction, but rather the fact that the model contains
Coulomb's law at long distances.

The next-to-leading term already contains a non trivial effect. Indeed,
a simple effect that will be sensible to the presence of the flux can be
seen by expanding the renormalized tensor to
 $(\frac{k}{m})^2$ order in a momentum expansion:
\begin{equation}
\Pi_R(k^2) \;\sim \; -\frac{e^2}{30 \pi} \Big[\frac{m L \,\,\sinh(m
L)}{\cos(\theta)-\cosh(m L)} \big]\, \frac{k^2}{m^2} \;,\; \; k^2 \sim 0 \,.
\end{equation}
The corresponding modification in the photon's effective action produces, for example,
a correction in the electrostatic potential due to a point charge. For the Hydrogen atom, the
corrected potential energy becomes:
\begin{equation}
V_{eff}(r)
\;=\; - \frac{e^2}{4 \pi r} \,-\,\frac{e^4}{120 \pi^2 m^2}
\Big[\frac{m L \,\sinh(m L)}{\cosh(m L) - \cos\theta}\Big] \;
\delta^{(3)}({\mathbf r})\;.
\end{equation}
The usual correction is obtained when $\theta \to 0$ and $m L \to 0$:
\begin{equation}
V_{eff} (r) \;\to\; - \frac{e^2}{4 \pi r} \,-\,\frac{e^4}{60 \pi^2 m^2} \;
\delta^{(3)}({\mathbf r}) \;.
\end{equation}
It is interesting to study the shape of the ratio between the corrected and
usual strengths of the respective terms:
\begin{equation}
\xi(m L, \theta) \;\equiv\;\frac{ \frac{m L} {2} \,\sinh(m L)}{\cosh(m L) - \cos \theta}\;.
\label{U1}
\end{equation}
The case of a vanishing flux yields simply
$$\xi(m L, 0) \,=\,\frac{\frac{m L}{2}}{\tanh(\frac{m L}{2})},$$
which for small values of $m L$ approaches $1$, and grows linearly with $m
L$ when \mbox{$m L >> 1$}.

The opposite regime, when the effect of the flux is maximum, corresponds to
$\theta = \pi/2$:
\begin{equation}
\xi(m L, \frac{\pi}{2}) \;=\; \frac{m L} {2} \, \tanh(m L)\;.
\label{U2}
\end{equation}
The behaviour in this case is quite different; it tends to zero
quadratically for small $m L$, and also grows linearly in the opposite
case, albeit with a different slope.

It is noteworthy that, from eq.(\ref{U1}) one can obtain a crude
estimate for the length $L$.  To that end, we need some assumptions,  we
consider that we are within the vanishing flux aproximation, also as the typical
contribution of the vacuum polarization term for the energy shift in muonic
atoms is of the order of $0.5\,\%$ \cite{eides} we may then take
$\xi(m L, \,0) \lesssim 1.0001$; such a choice implies that a correction due to
an extra dimension does not  significantly changes the values from present data.
Having this in mind, we obtain through this simple reasoning that $L\,\lesssim\,
0.03 \,[m]^{-1}$ which in natural units can be translated to $L \lesssim
10^{-14}~\text{meters}$.
In order to get a more stringent bound, one should take into account
other effects, which may show up different dependences on the physics of the
extra dimensions. That investigation is, however, outside the scope of the
present paper.

Let us now consider the would be large-momentum region for the vacuum
polarization. This regime will be defined by the condition that \mbox{$k^2 >>
m^2$}, although $k$ (and $m$), will be assumed to be much smaller than
$L^{-1}$. The latter is enforced in order to say that the mass of the
Kaluza-Klein modes is much larger than the photon momentum. Under this
assumption, one gets the expression:
\begin{equation}
\Pi^e_R(k^2) \;\sim\; \frac{2\,e^2}{\pi} \int_0^1 d\beta\; \beta(1-\beta)
\, \ln \Big[ 1 +  \beta(1-\beta)\frac{k^2}{m_{eff}^2} \Big] \;,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
m_{eff} \;\equiv\; \frac{ 2 | \sin \frac{\theta}{2} | }{L} \;.
\end{equation}
We conclude that, as a consequence of the existence of the non-vanishing
flux, the large-momentum behaviour differs from the one that one has in
standard $QED$, by the emergence of an effective mass $m_{eff}$. This mass
should, in order not to spoil the known anti-screening effect at short
distances, be very small. Since $L$ is assumed to be very small, that can
only be achieved with an extremely small $\theta$, namely $\theta << 1$.
Hence,
\begin{equation}
m_{eff} \;\equiv\; \frac{ 2 | \sin \frac{\theta}{2} | }{L} \;\sim\;
\frac{|\theta|}{L} \; << \frac{1}{L} \;.
\end{equation}
In natural units, if $L^{-1} \equiv \Lambda$ is the large momentum scale set
by the Kaluza-Klein modes, and we want $m_{eff}$ to be much smaller than
the electron mass, since only in that situation we recover the expected
behaviour for the effective charge at small distances. Then we should have:
\begin{equation}
|\theta| < < \frac{m}{\Lambda}\;.
\end{equation}

\section{Parity breaking term}\label{sec:parity}

The parity breaking term, $\Gamma_o$ is simply obtained by taking into account
(\ref{eq:sumj}) and (\ref{eq:defj}):
\begin{equation}
\Gamma_o \,=\, - \frac{i e^2}{16 \pi^2} \,
\Phi \int d^{3+1}x {\tilde F}_{\mu\nu} F_{\mu\nu} \;,
\end{equation}
where we introduced the factor:
\begin{equation}
\Phi \,=\, \sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty \,\varphi_n \;;
\end{equation}
the sum of this series is well-known~\cite{Fosco:1997ei},
the result being:
\begin{equation}
\Phi \,=\, \arctan \big[ \tanh( \frac{m L}{2} ) \, \tan (\theta/2) \big] \;.
\end{equation}
The possible effects due to this term are more difficult to elucidate,
since they would require the existence of non-trivial Abelian gauge field
background to manifest themselves. Within the present model, there is
no room to accommodate them, except if singular configurations were
included by hand.

\section{Conclusions}\label{sec:conc}

To conclude, we summarize the main points we have explored this paper:
The vacuum polarization function exhibits physical effects due
to the extra dimension and flux.  Among those, the strongest one is due to the
non-vanishing flux, parametrized by $\theta$, and manifests itself in the large
momentum behaviour of the effective charge. Indeed, $\theta$ should be much
smaller than the ratio between the electron mass and the (momentum) scale
induced by the inverse of the compactification radius for this
effect to be supressed.
Besides, the effect of the non-vanishing flux is maximum when it reaches
$\pi$. This is to be expected, since in that case there is no massless
mode, and hence there is no natural way to dimensionally reduce
the theory at the level of the fermionic field. That is, on the other hand,
the case when $\theta=0$, since it means that the $n=0$ mode finds a natural
$3+1$ dimensional interpretation and there is a smooth limit when $L \to 0$.
We find that
Finally, parity breaking effects might be expected only if there were
a compelling reason to know that the gauge field itself adopts a
topologically non-trivial configuration; this cannot be done
within the context of the present model.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
C.D.F. and C.C.T. thank CONICET for financial
support.  A.P.C.M.  and I.R. thank CNPq/MCT and FAPERJ
for partial financial support.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


If you're looking for a job or to volunteer, head to the Leo in March.
CSE Consulting will be holding a job and volunteer fair on Tuesday March fifth. It will be happening at the Leo Boivin Community Centre from one to six that afternoon. Admission is free and Job Developer Rod Palmer says the unemployment rate in this area is considerably lower than it has been in years.
He adds in some cases employers are now finding it difficult to find suitable candidates, so this would be a great event to connect.
CSE Consulting says UCLG Children's Services, Yazdani Dental, Sunlife Financial, RJN Youth Services, Advanced Grain Handling Systems, Ground Master, Volunteer Centre, Augusta Township and Seniors for Seniors have confirmed they will be at the event.
Palmer says employment opportunities increase as we get closer to warmer weather. He adds there is still room for more employers at the event.
Employer or volunteer groups looking to be at the event can contact CSE Consulting through their website here or by calling Ryan at 613-925-0222.


text:
Older adults with limited literacy are at increased risk for likely dementia
Allison R. Kaup, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Tamara B. Harris, Suzanne Satterfield, Andrea L. Metti, Hilsa N. Ayonayon, Susan M. Rubin, Kristine Yaffe
Background. Low literacy is common among the elderly and possibly more reflective of educational attainment than years of school completed. We examined the association between literacy and risk of likely dementia in older adults. Methods. Participants were 2,458 black and white elders (aged 71-82) from the Health, Aging and Body Composition study, who completed the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine and were followed for 8 years. Participants were free of dementia at baseline; incidence of likely dementia was defined by hospital records, prescription for dementia medication, or decline in Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score. We conducted Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the association between literacy and incidence of likely dementia. Demographics, education, income, comorbidities, lifestyle variables, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status were included in adjusted analyses. Results. Twenty-three percent of participants had limited literacy (<9th-grade level). Limited literacy, as opposed to adequate literacy (≥9th-grade level), was associated with greater incidence of likely dementia (25.5% vs17.0%; unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.44-2.13); this association remained significant after adjustment. There was a trend for an interaction between literacy and APOE ε4 status (p =. 07); the association between limited literacy and greater incidence of likely dementia was strong among ε4 noncarriers (unadjusted HR = 1.85) but nonsignificant among ε4 carriers (unadjusted HR = 1.25). Conclusions. Limited literacy is an important risk factor for likely dementia, especially among APOE ε4-negative older adults, and may prove fruitful to target in interventions aimed at reducing dementia risk.
https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glt176
10.1093/gerona/glt176
Dive into the research topics of 'Older adults with limited literacy are at increased risk for likely dementia'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Literacy Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Dementia Medicine & Life Sciences 70%
Apolipoprotein E4 Medicine & Life Sciences 34%
Incidence Medicine & Life Sciences 16%
Sambucus nigra Medicine & Life Sciences 14%
Hospital Records Medicine & Life Sciences 9%
Mental Status and Dementia Tests Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Body Composition Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Kaup, A. R., Simonsick, E. M., Harris, T. B., Satterfield, S., Metti, A. L., Ayonayon, H. N., Rubin, S. M., & Yaffe, K. (2014). Older adults with limited literacy are at increased risk for likely dementia. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 69(7), 900-906. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glt176
Older adults with limited literacy are at increased risk for likely dementia. / Kaup, Allison R.; Simonsick, Eleanor M.; Harris, Tamara B. et al.
In: Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, Vol. 69, No. 7, 01.07.2014, p. 900-906.
Kaup, AR, Simonsick, EM, Harris, TB, Satterfield, S, Metti, AL, Ayonayon, HN, Rubin, SM & Yaffe, K 2014, 'Older adults with limited literacy are at increased risk for likely dementia', Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 900-906. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glt176
Kaup AR, Simonsick EM, Harris TB, Satterfield S, Metti AL, Ayonayon HN et al. Older adults with limited literacy are at increased risk for likely dementia. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2014 Jul 1;69(7):900-906. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glt176
Kaup, Allison R. ; Simonsick, Eleanor M. ; Harris, Tamara B. et al. / Older adults with limited literacy are at increased risk for likely dementia. In: Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2014 ; Vol. 69, No. 7. pp. 900-906.
@article{b3c06e134b704d7391753187168910cf,
title = "Older adults with limited literacy are at increased risk for likely dementia",
abstract = "Background. Low literacy is common among the elderly and possibly more reflective of educational attainment than years of school completed. We examined the association between literacy and risk of likely dementia in older adults. Methods. Participants were 2,458 black and white elders (aged 71-82) from the Health, Aging and Body Composition study, who completed the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine and were followed for 8 years. Participants were free of dementia at baseline; incidence of likely dementia was defined by hospital records, prescription for dementia medication, or decline in Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score. We conducted Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the association between literacy and incidence of likely dementia. Demographics, education, income, comorbidities, lifestyle variables, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status were included in adjusted analyses. Results. Twenty-three percent of participants had limited literacy (<9th-grade level). Limited literacy, as opposed to adequate literacy (≥9th-grade level), was associated with greater incidence of likely dementia (25.5% vs17.0%; unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.44-2.13); this association remained significant after adjustment. There was a trend for an interaction between literacy and APOE ε4 status (p =. 07); the association between limited literacy and greater incidence of likely dementia was strong among ε4 noncarriers (unadjusted HR = 1.85) but nonsignificant among ε4 carriers (unadjusted HR = 1.25). Conclusions. Limited literacy is an important risk factor for likely dementia, especially among APOE ε4-negative older adults, and may prove fruitful to target in interventions aimed at reducing dementia risk.",
keywords = "Cognitive aging, Epidemiology, Risk factors",
author = "Kaup, {Allison R.} and Simonsick, {Eleanor M.} and Harris, {Tamara B.} and Suzanne Satterfield and Metti, {Andrea L.} and Ayonayon, {Hilsa N.} and Rubin, {Susan M.} and Kristine Yaffe",
note = "Funding Information: Supplementary Material Supplementary material can be found at: http://biomedgerontology. oxfordjournals.org/ Funding This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging (N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2103, N01-AG-6-2106; R01-AG028050, K24AG031155 to K.Y.) and National Institute of Nursing Research (R01-NR012459). This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging. Writing of this manuscript was supported by Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Academic Affiliations Advanced Fellowship Program in Mental Illness Research and Treatment, the Medical Research Service of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Department of Veterans Affairs Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center.",
doi = "10.1093/gerona/glt176",
journal = "Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences",
T1 - Older adults with limited literacy are at increased risk for likely dementia
AU - Kaup, Allison R.
AU - Simonsick, Eleanor M.
AU - Harris, Tamara B.
AU - Satterfield, Suzanne
AU - Metti, Andrea L.
AU - Ayonayon, Hilsa N.
AU - Rubin, Susan M.
AU - Yaffe, Kristine
N1 - Funding Information: Supplementary Material Supplementary material can be found at: http://biomedgerontology. oxfordjournals.org/ Funding This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging (N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2103, N01-AG-6-2106; R01-AG028050, K24AG031155 to K.Y.) and National Institute of Nursing Research (R01-NR012459). This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging. Writing of this manuscript was supported by Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Academic Affiliations Advanced Fellowship Program in Mental Illness Research and Treatment, the Medical Research Service of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Department of Veterans Affairs Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center.
N2 - Background. Low literacy is common among the elderly and possibly more reflective of educational attainment than years of school completed. We examined the association between literacy and risk of likely dementia in older adults. Methods. Participants were 2,458 black and white elders (aged 71-82) from the Health, Aging and Body Composition study, who completed the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine and were followed for 8 years. Participants were free of dementia at baseline; incidence of likely dementia was defined by hospital records, prescription for dementia medication, or decline in Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score. We conducted Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the association between literacy and incidence of likely dementia. Demographics, education, income, comorbidities, lifestyle variables, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status were included in adjusted analyses. Results. Twenty-three percent of participants had limited literacy (<9th-grade level). Limited literacy, as opposed to adequate literacy (≥9th-grade level), was associated with greater incidence of likely dementia (25.5% vs17.0%; unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.44-2.13); this association remained significant after adjustment. There was a trend for an interaction between literacy and APOE ε4 status (p =. 07); the association between limited literacy and greater incidence of likely dementia was strong among ε4 noncarriers (unadjusted HR = 1.85) but nonsignificant among ε4 carriers (unadjusted HR = 1.25). Conclusions. Limited literacy is an important risk factor for likely dementia, especially among APOE ε4-negative older adults, and may prove fruitful to target in interventions aimed at reducing dementia risk.
AB - Background. Low literacy is common among the elderly and possibly more reflective of educational attainment than years of school completed. We examined the association between literacy and risk of likely dementia in older adults. Methods. Participants were 2,458 black and white elders (aged 71-82) from the Health, Aging and Body Composition study, who completed the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine and were followed for 8 years. Participants were free of dementia at baseline; incidence of likely dementia was defined by hospital records, prescription for dementia medication, or decline in Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score. We conducted Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the association between literacy and incidence of likely dementia. Demographics, education, income, comorbidities, lifestyle variables, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status were included in adjusted analyses. Results. Twenty-three percent of participants had limited literacy (<9th-grade level). Limited literacy, as opposed to adequate literacy (≥9th-grade level), was associated with greater incidence of likely dementia (25.5% vs17.0%; unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.44-2.13); this association remained significant after adjustment. There was a trend for an interaction between literacy and APOE ε4 status (p =. 07); the association between limited literacy and greater incidence of likely dementia was strong among ε4 noncarriers (unadjusted HR = 1.85) but nonsignificant among ε4 carriers (unadjusted HR = 1.25). Conclusions. Limited literacy is an important risk factor for likely dementia, especially among APOE ε4-negative older adults, and may prove fruitful to target in interventions aimed at reducing dementia risk.
KW - Cognitive aging
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Risk factors
U2 - 10.1093/gerona/glt176
DO - 10.1093/gerona/glt176
JO - Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
JF - Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences


This is a very popular LCD Keypad shield for Arduino board. It can be directly plugged on ..
It is a Arduino Compatible shield, You can use this shield to drive two/four DC motors (upto max 4A)..
This shield gives the Arduino CAN-Bus capability. It uses the Microchip MCP2515 CAN controller with ..
This MP3 player shield has audio decoding abilities with additional storage functionality of the SD ..
The MPR121 IC is a great way to build simple capacitive touch interfaces, and now it's even ea..
The VoiceBox Shield can be mounted on top of your Arduino, to give it access to all capabilities of ..
Make your Arduino, the onboard brain of a mobile robot and learn robotics, electronics, and programm..
The Ag9120-S is a module designed to extract power from a conventional twisted pair Category 5 Ether..
The NEW Arduino Ethernet shield Rev3 allows an Arduino board to connect to a LAN using the Eth..
If you need a lot of inputs and/or outputs, this is your solution! The Mux (Multiplexer) Shield adds..
The Arduino Wireless SD Shield is a great way to prototype wireless applications thanks to its XBee(..
The Arduino Wireless Proto Shield is a great way to prototype wireless applications thanks to its XB..