For our next wine dinner with Primal Food & Spirits we are going to 'flip the script' so to speak. Both Blu Seafood and Primal are the creations of Chef Tim Lyons. As most will know, Blu is a great restaurant focusing on all types of seafood, and has won the New & Observer's award for Best Seafood in the Triangle multiple times. Primal is a gluten free restaurant, offering unprocessed, home grown foods. It is about getting back to basics, and eating more the way our ancestors did. Meat is often a focal point of many of the dinners we do with Primal, but for June they want to switch it up. Chef Lyons is going to bring his mastery of seafood to the dinner but in Primal's 'Farm to Fire to Fork' style as we do an all Seafood Wine Dinner. It will be great to see how the Primal ethos creates different dishes from those we've seen in the past at our dinners with Blu. Chef is hard at work on the menu, and as soon as he has his outline to us we'll get to work on finding the best wines to pair with his creations. Stay tuned for more information, but save your spot now!


Health, Wealth and Wellness Each and every product is natural and genuine. They are made using pure and authentic ingredients without using any harmful chemicals. Health, Wealth and Wellness offers products and concepts which are pure and natural.
We continuously adding unique and authentic products in its basket of Nutraceuticals, Skin Care, Hair Care, Nutrition & Wellness, Body Building and Better Living products.


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The 2001–02 season was Real Madrid CF's 71st season in La Liga. This article lists all matches that the club played in the 2001–02 season, and also shows statistics of the club's players. Although German home appliance giant Teka appeared as a shirt sponsor earlier in the season, Realmadrid.com replaced it as the primary shirt sponsor later in 2001, and there was no shirt sponsor for the second half of the season. The club introduced new grey and black third kits as well.

Summary
Real Madrid endured its worst domestic league performance under Vicente del Bosque's management, finishing only third in the league standings (with 66 points), as well as losing the Copa del Rey final at the Bernabéu to unheralded Deportivo La Coruña, despite the club's world record signing of Zinedine Zidane from Juventus. On a brighter note, del Bosque delivered La Novena's UEFA Champions League title as a consolation prize, following a 2–1 victory against Bayer Leverkusen in the final thanks to Zidane's volley goal.

First-team squad

Transfers

In

Total spending:  €72,000,000

Out

Total income:  €0

Results

Friendlies

La Liga

League table

Results by round

Matches

Results summary

Copa del Rey

Round of 64

Round of 32

Round of 16

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

Supercopa de España

Champions League

First group stage

Group A

Second group stage

Group C

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

FIFA Club World Championship

As winners of the 1999–2000 UEFA Champions League, Real Madrid was one of the 12 teams that were invited to the 2001 FIFA Club World Championship, which was scheduled to be hosted in Spain from 28 July to 12 August 2001. However, the tournament was cancelled, primarily due to the collapse of ISL, which was the marketing partner of FIFA at the time.

Since the fixtures were already released prior to the tournament's cancellation, it is known that Real Madrid would have played its group stage matches at the Bernabéu.

Group stage

Statistics

Appearances and goals

|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Players transferred out during the season

Reference:

References

External links
Official site
Real Madrid team page
Real Madrid (Spain) profile
UEFA Champions League
Web Oficial de la Liga de Fútbol Profesional
FIFA

Real Madrid
Real Madrid CF seasons
UEFA Champions League-winning seasons

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CIS member schools are invited to apply for Accreditation.


We have been traveling the coast of Florida since we entered the state but the lighthouses didn't get our attention until we got to Jupiter, Fl. Don't ask me why but until then we hadn't really noticed one. We saw the Sanibel Island lighthouse from a distance as we crossed back over to the mainland but didn't even take a picture of it.
Here we are weeks later on the east coast of Florida getting ready to cross the Loxahatchee river and a huge red lighthouse is staring me in the face.
"Wow, let's go check it out." I said. We pulled off the road into the parking lot and headed for the visitor's center. We had our own personal tour of the Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse. Check out the link for the history. The walk up was a bit tiring but the view from the top is spectacular.
After our tour we went through the museum and even had a little serenade by the local musicians. We ate lunch in the rig and hit the road but before long another lighthouse had our attention. This one is located right next to the Anastasia State Park.
St. Augustine lighthouse rises out of the coastal vegatation 165 feet with 219 steps with it's barber pole design. This lighthouse had landings so it was a bit easier to climb.
The hard work of the lighthouse keepers amazes me. Before electricity the keepers and their assistants carried oil to the top of the lighthouse around the clock to keep them lit. The stories are unbelievable.
In fact, one if the keeper's children decided to try an experiment. The story goes that Cracker decided to see if a parachute would work on his sister Eliza's cat. He took the cat to the top with the parachute and dropped it off. Luckily the parachute worked but the cat was so traumatized that it ran away for several months but did return. Eliza never knew what really happened until recently when Cracker, in his 80's, confessed to his sister what he had done. Better late than never.
There are so many more lighthouses to see on our next journey into Florida. Looking forward to every one of them, and for that matter lighthouses all along the US coasts.


This ain't no rock or land I'm familiar with. It's as though the stone has steeped too long in the river above it, becoming soft and corrupted on what the city adds to the brew. From which stinks and damps rise up like disturbed spirits to tighten round our throats or drown our thinking. The subtle and vicious ways this earth works to keep us in our place.
I'm used to solid rock that knows when and where to split and crack. Here, we grind away, scooping as much as shovelling, feet wet and lungs clogging, to gouge out this tunnel. Being Cornish men, we're meant to know, be wiser than most, but I'm lost in these parts. This is strange land. Not for the clay or these pockets of limestone and the loam on which London balances, but for the way it fights us. It's as though we're some splinter needing pushing out.
But both Brunels, father and son, are fighters, I'll give them that. They're not afraid of this earth…even if she's tried to kill them both. Aye, she's breathed gases for one and summoned the Thames to take the other. We've come to see them as purpose made flesh, but truth is, better to make them heroes than fret about madness and pray to St Jude.
Boys, younger than I dare think on, shuffle around me, their eyes like shined-up pearls against the dirt of their faces and the dark of the tunnel's throat. Aye, that's what it feels like now, like we're morsels in her mouth, just waiting for her to swallow. How I have come to miss the comfort of granite!
With each passing day, I see more of my brothers throwing pieces of their meals into the darkness, and this is as close to prayer some of these wizened miners get, pleading silently while their bellies growl.
Aye, this is a dark place…darker than a tunnel has a right to be. Us older folk look over shoulders for the thieves that used to hide in here, dragging unfortunates with them to be robbed or worse. The young uns muck around, burying their dreads in base and solid things. They joke on when whores gathered here and dream and gossip on how far ha'penny would let them up long skirts.
Sometimes, I swear I hear the woes of victims flow down this tunnel, and that's no better for a man's soul than straining to hear for Knockers tapping out doom. But you can't knock so good on these soft seams and crumbling walls, and we're all going mad from listening.
I've seen the plans and this Thames Tunnel will be glorious. I won't use it, having already spent meself on it. But when you do, take a pause and listen. You'll hear in the creaks and groans the haunting sounds of labours and loss in the muck beyond iron and brick walls, but if faith is well-placed, then you'll no' hear me knocking in the tunnels beneath the city.
Sian Brighal moved from teaching science to writing fiction along with a move to Germany, where she now lives with her family. Writing has become a significant part of her day, as she continues to learn and volunteers as an editor. A few of her short stories can be found in The Infernal Clock: CalenDark, and The Infernal Clock: DeadCades; and Ellipsis Zine Online's anthologies One and Four. In her free time, she tries to master crocheting, cooking, and dabbles in drawing. Find her on Twitter @sian_ink.
Illustration of Thames Tunnel Construction circa 1830, by an unknown artist, in the public domain.


My model is more useful for others if they first realize that nutrient chemicals and pheromones are responsible for adaptive evolution via natural selection. My model will not be useful to those who think more conventionally, for example, about how visual, auditory, or tactile input might cause natural selection because it is clear that they cannot cause natural selection.
It is equally clear that if nutrient chemicals are not sensed, the individual organism will starve to death, and if pheromones are not sensed, reproduction will not be controlled. The species may starve to death if the supply of nutrient chemicals is exhausted by overpopulation of the ecological niche. Starvation may exemplify natural selection, but it does not represent adaptive evolution.
Adaptive evolution is represented when nutrient chemical-dependent ecological niche construction leads to social niche construction by conspecifics. Ecological niche construction and social niche construction then contribute equally to neurogenic niche construction, which allows nutrient chemicals and pheromones to cause changes in intracellular signaling and stochastic gene expression in specialized hormone-secreting nerve cells that enable the development of the invertebrate brain via the effects of chemical input from the sensory environment on the brain's hormone-dependent neuroanatomical structure and its function.
Nutrient chemicals and pheromones cause changes in intracellular signaling and stochastic gene expression in the hormone-secreting nerve cells of invertebrates, which is an effect on gene expression that extends to vertebrate brain development and construction of our cognitive niche (or as some have called it, our socio-cognitive niche). The term "socio-cognitive" niche attests to the likely role of social odors, called pheromones, as detailed in the eusocial honeybee model organism that I used to link species from microbes to man.
The concept of the socio-cognitive niche also addresses what Jay Feierman wrote about here: "…the perspective of natural selection, modeled as a brainless sensing agent…: What is physical reality is dependent upon the sensing agent." Microbes and bees may not cognitively sense their physical environment, but nutrient chemicals and pheromones are part of the physical reality that must be sensed by all "sensing agents" in species from microbes to man.
Indeed, after a very convoluted post Re: Physical reality and Natural Selection, Feierman seems to have changed his perspective on physical reality and natural selection because he wrote: "I'm using that as a foundation for talking about physical reality from the perspective of natural selection, when one is modeling natural selection as a sensing agent, which it is not (my emphasis). Does this sudden reversal of his idea to model natural selection as the equivalent of a sensing agent, as he indicated might be useful, mean that his idea is not to be considered useful in discussions of physical reality from the perspective of natural selection? Or does his sudden reversal mean that my model of natural selection as a sensing agent is not useful as a foundation when talking about physical reality.
Is there other physical reality for human behavior that is more important than the molecular biology I used in a model that incorporates what Feierman indicated was his idea of natural selection as a sensing agent? My idea is that nutrient chemical-dependent ecological niche construction and pheromone-dependent social niche construction contribute equally to the neurogenic niche construction that is responsible for adaptive evolution, development of the mammalian brain, and construction of our socio-cognitive niche.


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Share this Story: Food industry challenged again in 2021
Food industry challenged again in 2021
Sudbury Star Staff
A picture released by Egypt's Suez Canal Authority on March 29, 2021, shows a tugboat pulling the Panama-flagged MV 'Ever Given' container ship after it was fully dislodged from the banks of the Suez. The ship was refloated and the Suez Canal reopened, sparking relief almost a week after the huge container ship got stuck and blocked a major artery for global trade.
Sylvain Charlebois
The year 2021 was certainly another challenging one for most of us. It was also incredibly difficult for people in the food industry, from farmgate to plate.
Food industry challenged again in 2021 Back to video
Most headlines related to the food industry had to do with problems and issues related to supply chains, labour, and forced closures due to COVID-19 outbreaks and many other operational entanglements.
But we also need to celebrate what the food industry has accomplished this year. As they did last year, producers, processors, grocers and restaurants have kept us food secure. This was no small feat, given how complicated and prolonged this pandemic has become.
While 2020 showed us how our food supply chains can be resilient, this year unsurprisingly showed us that our food supply chain can also experience fatigue. This was to be expected, as we reach the end of the second year of the pandemic.
Despite some ruptures, container shortages, natural disasters and the Suez Canal impasse, our food supply chain kept going, and we should expect the same in 2022.
To reflect on what has happened over the last 12 months, here's a list of the most intriguing and unexpected food-related news stories we saw in 2021.
10) The Suez Canal obstruction
We don't think of canals very often, but the pandemic has made us all more acutely aware of how global food distribution works and how bottlenecks can become a problem virtually overnight.
When the Ever Given – one of the largest container ships in the world at 400 metres long – blocked the Suez Canal in March, the entire world was focused on that one ship for six days.
According to estimates, the incident cost about US $400 million an hour. But the impact on Canada's food systems was minimal.
9) Timbiebs
The latest Tim Hortons marketing campaign surprised a few industry observers. The iconic Canadian chain is licking its lips for having sniffed out a deal by asking Justin Bieber, a Canadian mega-star, to create three new flavours for its smaller donuts, Timbits.
The success of the campaign will bring in a legion of sorely needed younger customers. It was a unique approach for Restaurant Brands International. After a slew of major mishaps after acquiring Tim Hortons a few years ago, the holding company is finally showing signs of understanding the chain's roots.
8) Retail code of conduct
Many consumers can't appreciate how much grocers overpower food manufacturers and suppliers in our country. Some countries – like Australia and the United Kingdom – faced similar issues and produced a code of conduct to stop grocers from bullying the rest of the supply chain by charging unjustified fees and implementing unreasonable transactional terms.
This year saw the creation of a federal code-of-conduct committee co-chaired by Agriculture and Agri-Food Minister Marie-Claude Bibeau and Quebec Agriculture Minister Andre Lamontagne.
A code could help deal with our food inflation challenges and reduce the possibilities of collusion. Although progress has been slow, creating a committee was particularly good news.
7) Weston Bakeries sold
One of the largest bakeries in the country, which was caught in the bread-price-fixing scandal that lasted 13 years, was finally sold by Loblaw Companies to another Canadian company.
With this deal, the bakery sector became even more consolidated in our country. And Loblaws is now very much focused on food distribution.
But with more consolidation could come higher bread prices. It should be interesting.
6) Running out of turkeys
The words "food shortage" were thrown around constantly in 2021, as in 2020. Most consumers are now accustomed to periodically seeing empty grocery shelves, and most of us have adjusted our expectations.
But the most ridiculous story was about turkeys. Canada just can't run out of turkeys since the commodity is supply-managed. Stocks can be low in parts of the country, but that would be it.
5) Canadian Dairy Commission's record recommendation
Few Canadians are familiar with the Canadian Dairy Commission, a Crown corporation responsible for ensuring dairy farmers make a decent living in Canada.
The commission calculates how much dairy farmers should get for their milk every year. When it released its recommendations for 2022, many were shocked to learn it was recommending an 8.4 per cent increase for milk and 12.4 per cent for butterfat, probably due to the palm oil scandal that happened in March.
These rate increases are the highest in more than 50 years. Canadians should expect their trip to the dairy section at the grocery store to get more expensive in 2022.
4) P.E.I. potatoes and science
Two farms in Prince Edward Island discovered a contagious wart on potatoes. Despite scientific protocols implemented by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Canada imposed an embargo on Island potatoes going to the United States.
Agriculture and Agri-Food Minister Marie-Claude Bibeau claimed that the United States would have issued a nationwide embargo if nothing had been done.
Speculation suggests trade related to electric vehicles had more to do with the misfortunes of our potato producers. This year reminded us, yet again, that science always takes a back seat to trade politics.
3) Rise of the food worker
As we saw in 2020, food workers received even more public sympathy and became more political in 2021. Many food manufacturers in Canada and elsewhere offered substantial wage increases and better benefits to their employees to either avoid or end labour disputes.
Nabisco's labour dispute even attracted the attention of well-known Hollywood actor Danny DeVito to advocate for workers, probably a first.
In Canada, Olymel, Exceldor, Cargill and others are now offering higher wages and even signing bonuses to make the sector more attractive.
But this push will also lead to more automation, which will continue into 2022.
2) Heat dome and atmospheric rivers
Every year, Mother Nature has a way of reminding us of who's in charge. But this year brought more than its share of dramatic climate events.
On June 29, the temperature in Lytton, B.C., reached 49.6 C, the highest temperature on record in Canada. In November, the Fraser Valley and many other parts of British Columbia were devastated by atmospheric rivers – a large, narrow stream of water vapour that travels through the sky – which destroyed livestock, fields of crops, roads and railways.
The year 2021 is yet another reminder that our food systems are highly vulnerable to climate change.
1) Food inflation
Food inflation was the obvious topic to select as the number one food-related news story this year. It was over four per cent by September and we expect another challenging year in 2022, according to Canada's Food Price Report.
Higher input costs, global supply chain woes and labour challenges are mostly responsible for what's happening across the globe and in Canada. Food prices should go up but wages aren't following to support Canadian families.
According to the United Nations, Canada was ranked 18th in the world in terms of food affordability. Now it's ranked 24th and could drop even further in 2022. Food bank traffic will continue to grow.
Last year's top story was the panic buying we saw in 2020. It could always happen again, but we should be grateful it didn't occur in 2021. We should remain thankful for what the food industry is doing for all of us, every day, one miracle at a time.
Dr. Sylvain Charlebois is senior director of the agri-food analytics lab and a professor in food distribution and policy at Dalhousie University.
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Quote Unquotes
Famous Quotes at Quote Unquotes. Because somebody already said it best! ™
AUTHORS: A
In an interview with Mike Wallace in 1957, Sanger said, "I think the greatest sin in the world is bringing children into the world, that have disease from their parents, that have no chance in the world to be a human being practically." "Delinquents, prisoners, all sorts of things just marked when they're born. That to me is the greatest sin—that people can—can commit," she said.
In an interview with Mike Wallace in 1957, Sanger said, "I think the greatest sin in the world is bringing children into the world, that have disease from their parents, that have no chance in the world to be a human being practically.""Delinquents, prisoners, all sorts of things just marked when they're born. That to me is the greatest sin—that people can—can commit," she said.


Jean-Marie Michel Mokoko, one of nine presidential candidates in Congo Brazzaville has requested that the March 20 polls be postponed.
The former Chief of Staff of the Congolese Armed Forces justified his request by citing the situation of poor organization towards the polls.
Michel Mokoko pinpoints among others, a poor electoral register and questioned the credibility of the Independent National Electoral Commission, a body he labels as an appendage of the government.
According to him, with the current electoral register and the Independent (National) Electoral Commission whose role is exclusively to monitor the pre-election operations, the election and post (electoral matters,) it was clear that there was not going to be fairness and transparency.
In this case, he thinks it is necessary to review the electoral governance and proposed a dialogue between the various parties on the subject.
The candidate, however, rejects any ideas of a boycott, but said he was compelled ''to call the people to take responsibility,'' if ever the application is not considered.
The former Army General responded in the negative when asked whether he wanted more time to better prepare for the polls.
In the recent weeks, he has been answering police summons in connection with an investigation into allegations that he wanted to oust the incumbent president, allegations contained in a video circulating in Congo and on social networks.
''No,'' he responded, with the view that he had adequately prepared to face the current circumstances, thanks to his military training.
It is not clear whether his request will be favored especially because the various candidates including the incumbent Denis Sassou-Nguesso have already started their electioneering campaign.


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Wife of TV's 'Dog the Bounty Hunter' in medically induced coma
Beth Chapman, left, and Duane Chapman arrive at the CMT Music Awards at Bridgestone Arena on Wednesday, June 4, 2014, in Nashville, Tenn. (Photo by Wade Payne/Invision/AP)
HONOLULU (AP) — The wife of reality TV bounty hunter Duane "Dog" Chapman is in a medically induced coma, a report said.
Beth Chapman is in the intensive care unit of Queen's Medical Center in Honolulu, The Honolulu Star-Advertiser reported Sunday.
A representative for the family released a statement Saturday night saying that only immediate family have been given access to the 51-year-old.
The Chapmans starred in the reality TV series "Dog the Bounty Hunter" and recently appeared in "Dog & Beth: On the Hunt," both of which were filmed in Hawaii.
Chapman was diagnosed with lung cancer in September 2017 and said in November that the cancer had returned despite surgery.
Chapman was hospitalized in April because of fluid accumulation in her lungs and underwent a procedure to relieve pressure, the family said.
The couple's Da Kine Bail Bonds office in Honolulu and a storefront for a Dog the Bounty Hunter shop closed in January.
The family asked the general public to "please pray for Beth" while also sending "sincere thanks to everyone for their prayers throughout Beth's battle with cancer," the statement said.
HENDERSON COUNTY, S.C. (WSPA) - One person was shot Monday and another has been charged following a shooting in Edneyville.
ANDERSON COUNTY, S.C. (WSPA) - Emergency crews have been investigating a death following a domestic dispute on Towhee Trail, according to the Anderson County Sheriff's Office.
Deputies said one person has been detained.
News / 3 mins ago


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> Stuart Whitman
Shatter (1974)
Shatter [奪命刺客] (1974)
AKA Call Him Mr. Shatter
Starring Stuart Whitman, Ti Lung, Lily Li Li-Li, Peter Cushing, Anton Diffring, Yemi Goodman Ajibade, Ko Hung, Keung Hon, James Ma Chim-Si, Lee Hoi-Sang, Lau Nga-Ying, Huang Pei-Chih, Lau Kar-Wing
Directed by Michael Carreras (who took over from Monte Hellman), with some help from Chang Cheh
Expectations: Low, but it has Ti Lung so…
If you've ever wondered why the great Ti Lung never really made it big outside of Asia, look no further than the Shaw Brothers/Hammer Films co-production Shatter! I went into this movie assuming that Ti Lung played a character named Shatter, and that he was so named because his fists were so powerful they shattered the bones of his opponents. But no! Shatter is just some boring white dude (Stuart Whitman) who doesn't really do anything to justify naming a movie after him. The filmmakers do their best in the editing to make Whitman look like Ti Lung's equal in the fist fights, but the illusion was not convincing. The film flopped hard at the box office, as well, cutting the three-film contract between Shaw and Hammer short at two.
Shatter begins the film in East Africa, where he assassinates a top general with a gun concealed inside a camera (and fired by taking a picture). Shatter flees to Hong Kong to receive his payment for the job, but when he meets with his contact, Hans Leber (Anton Diffring), Hans gives him the runaround and refuses to pay him. This is where the plot kind of lost me. Chinese assassins are trying to kill Shatter, but I don't know how they fit it exactly. Peter Cushing (in his final appearance for Hammer) and some goons show up to intimidate/beat up Shatter for some reason, and this is where Ti Lung and Lily Li enter the story. They take Shatter in to help him recuperate, and then magically Lily Li is deeply in love with him and Ti Lung is ready to risk his life for Shatter's cause (which as far as I could tell was just to get paid). I don't really understand why any of that happens, but it does.
December 23, 2016 - 7:00 Will 1970s, Action, Martial Arts, Movie Reviews, Rating: 1.5 Stars, Thriller, Will's Reviews
1974, Anton Diffring, Chang Cheh, Hammer Films, Huang Pei-Chih, James Ma Chim-Si, Keung Hon, Ko Hung, Lau Kar-Wing, Lau Nga-Ying, Lee Hoi-Sang, Lily Li Li-Li, Michael Carreras, Monte Hellman, Peter Cushing, Shaw Brothers, Shaw Co-Production, Stuart Whitman, Ti Lung, Yemi Goodman Ajibade Yemi Goodman Ajibade
Silver Lode (1954)
Starring John Payne, Lizabeth Scott, Dan Duryea, Dolores Moran, Emile Meyer, Robert Warwick, John Hudson, Harry Carey Jr., Alan Hale Jr., Stuart Whitman
Directed by Allan Dwan
What would you think if someone you knew was accused of murder? It is an interesting question and is the basis of the plot of Silver Lode. It's the 4th of July and Dan Ballard (John Payne) is about to get married. In the middle of the ceremony, Marshall McCarty (Dan Duryea) busts in with a group of deputies and accuses Ballard of murdering his brother and taking $20,000 bones from him. Ballard argues to allow him two hours to clear his name and he is given it, based on the goodwill he has built up over the last two years with the townspeople.
September 22, 2010 - 5:47 Will 1950s, Movie Reviews, Rating: 2.5 Stars, Western, Will's Reviews
1954, Alan Hale Jr., Allan Dwan, Dan Duryea, Dolores Moran, Emile Meyer, Harry Carey Jr., John Hudson, John Payne, Lizabeth Scott, Robert Warwick, Stuart Whitman


"No way buddy you're too drunk."
Five minutes later Murphy comes in through the back door and orders a drink, again the bartender says "You're too drunk"
"I have an idea about how to stop him from spending so much time at the pub. Every night he comes home through the cemetery. One night you should get disguised and spook him when he comes staggering through."
So Mrs. Riley waited in the cemetery one night until she heard her husband coming.
She jumped up and a startled Riley said, "Who are you??"
"Really, I'm O'Connor too. Where are you from?"


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General News of Wednesday, 15 February 2006
Source: Daily Graphic
ROPAB: President, Christian Council Meet
President J.A. Kufuor and the leaders of the Christian Council met on Monday night to discuss matters arising from the government?s bid to go ahead with the promulgation of the Representation of the People (Amendment) Bill (ROPAB), despite the disquiet expressed by minority parties and some civil society organisations.
At the end of the meeting, which was held behind closed doors, at the Castle, the President requested the leader of the council yesterday to finalise discussions on some issues which were raised at the encounter.
In an interview in Accra yesterday, Mr Kwabena Agyepong, the Press Secretary to the President, said the President requested the Christian Council to advise the minority parties to discard their intentions to cause mayhem in the country because of the ROPAB.
Rather, he said, it was the view of the President that the minority parties should allow the Constitution to work and Parliament to discharge its statutory obligations. Mr Agyepong said the President was emphatic that all that the government was seeking to do was to respect and implement the provisions of the Constitution.
In his State of the Nation Address delivered to Parliament on Tuesday, January 31, 2006, President Kufuor declared the readiness of the government to push ahead with the promulgation of the ROPAB, which had generated some nervousness among sections of the body politic.
The need to extend the ballot box to Ghanaians abroad was contained in the 1996 State of the Nation Address delivered by the former President, Flt Lt J.J. Rawlings.
Some members of the opposition parties, particularly the National Democratic Congress (NDC), the People?s National Convention (PNC), the Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere (EGLE) party, the National Reform Party (NRP) and the Convention People?s Party (CPP), and some civil society groups have expressed concerns about the passage of the ROPAB, saying the bill was a recipe for violence and mistrust of the electoral process.
At a press briefing at the Castle last Monday, Mr Agyepong stated that the position of President Kufuor on the bill was that whether the bill should be passed into law or otherwise was a matter for Parliament. He said there was no indication that the government would back down on the ROPAB, despite the nervousness which it had generated in the body politic.
Government to address problems of the diaspora – Awua Ababio
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Let's collaborate to maintain discipline - Headmistress of St Mary's SHS urges parents
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Rebekah was beautiful and strong like Sarah, yet she bore no children for the first twenty years of her life with Isaac. Unlike Sarah, Rebekah did not take matters into her own hands.
When the babies are born their rivalry for one another is further ignited by their parents favoritism between the two.
When Isaac was old and he had lost his vision he didn't think he was going to live much longer. So he says to Esau go kill some wild game and cook it like I like it, and I will give you my blessing before I die. Rebekah hears him. Now Rebekah knows what God has said. She knows God is going to perform His Word. Does she believe it? No, because she quickly calls Jacob and devises a scheme to trick the blessing from Isaac. Disguised as Esau, Jacob presented himself to his father for the much-coveted blessing.
Can't we get bold sometimes in our stupidity. Rebekah could look at this and say, "All I am doing is what God said was going to happen." Do you think it was all right for Jacob to lie? To deceive his father? Do you think he has to take on one of the characteristics of Satan in order for God's will to come to pass? How many times have we tried to help God out only to have it blow up in our face. We get impatient and we feel like we need to to do something, but all God wants us to do is wait and trust Him. It is the same kind of thing that Sarah did when she helped God with Hagar.
But the love Rebekah has for Jacob is one that she thinks she has to cause God's will to come to pass. Because if she doesn't do something Isaac is about to blow the whole plan of God. So Jacob receives the blessing from Isaac and it could not be withdrawn, despite the deceit, despite Esau's tears, and despite his vow to kill Jacob. Afraid of Esau's revenge, Rebekah persuaded Isaac to send Jacob to find a wife from among her brother Laban's daughters.
What did it cost Rebekah? She never saw Jacob again. She never held her grandchildren. She dies before Isaac. I would think a broken heart might have had something to do with it.
When we take God's promise and we bring about something less than what God intended we, like Rebekah, have to walk through the pain of the circumstance.
God in His mercy is still going to work His will in our lives like He did Rebekah's. He allowed Rebekah to do what she did, so "He might have the glory of bringing good out of evil." Only a gracious God could use an imperfect woman to accomplish His perfect will. Only a loving God could embrace Isaac and Rebekah and claim them both as His chosen ones.


The eighteenth century saw an explosion of letter writing on a scale never seen in previous centuries, and similar to what we are experiencing today with the flood of digital communication. Everyone wished to express an opinion on all manner of topics, from the current political climate, to the war in the American Colonies, crime rates, and what the fashionable were wearing in town. Letters were the main form of communication and none mattered more than those professing love. Receiving a physical love letter was something to cherish, as it is today, to be carefully read and re-read and kept as a treasured object.
In my Roxton Family Saga, the Duke of Roxton leaves his bride a love letter on her dressing table, the morning after their wedding night. Roxton is a nobleman who chooses his words carefully, and thus is economical in his conversations, both spoken and written. His title, pre-eminent position in society, and arrogance mean one word or a look from him is sufficient to convey his wants and needs, most of which are often anticipated.
Thus his love letter is all the more significant, and serves a dual purpose—of reassuring his bride of his deep love and devotion, and as a physical token of his enduring love for her. He is confident that Antonia believes in the sincerity of his feelings, and thus writing a letter is somewhat superfluous. But Roxton also knows that for Antonia words hold far more significance and are more precious to her than any jewel or trinket.
Here I share his love letter, taken from ETERNALLY YOURS: Roxton Letters Volume One.
Renard, Duke of Roxton, to Antonia, Duchess of Roxton: Left on Antonia's dressing table the morning after the wedding night.
Antonia, I love you. Three simple little words, and yet never uttered or inscribed in ink by me to another living soul, only to you. I will never love another as I love you. I will never cherish another as I cherish you. I will always love only you.
You sleep peacefully in our bed, while I cannot sleep at all. I fear falling asleep and waking to find you gone, of finding myself alone. I am sure this apprehension will ease with every night we spend together as a married couple, until one night I will fall asleep with you in my arms, and wake to you still snuggled in my embrace, and think it the most natural state in all the world. But do not ever think for a moment I will take you or our marriage for granted. It is precious; henceforth I pledge to nurture our union for the rest of my days.
You told me that once we shared a bed you found you could no longer sleep without me. I can no longer live without you. For with you I am truly who I am meant to be. I wonder now if I have been walking about as one dead, or as a specter, with sight, hearing and touch, but without the ability to feel. It is as if I have floated through life without experiencing any of it. When did I become like this? How have I walked the halls of kings in such a paralyzed state: Eating without tasting, looking without seeing, touching without feeling. And all the time with a heart that was disdainful, and a soul that was wasted. Until you.
I have always considered my birthright a burden to be endured, and in the most arrogant of ways. I am well aware of my preeminent place in this world, and I own to being conceited and vain. I have often taken without a thought to the consequences to others, and without giving freely in return. I am by nature wary and reserved. All this you know and accept, and have never been in awe. Nor have you ever doubted my right to be as I am. You love me unconditionally, and for that alone I am blessed. You have given me a wondrous gift.
You have always been prepared to see the good in others, first and foremost, and only want the best for them. I marvel at how you find joy in living each day to the full. To look on you, to be with you, to experience life in your company, is to be complete.
For you alone I strive to be a better man; to live a better life; to know its joys and its pleasures; to never disappoint you; and never will I squander a single moment of the life that is left to me—with you.
With this letter I enclose some lines of verse, with apologies to the seventeenth century poetess for taking liberties with her prose.
You have my whole heart, my body, and my soul.
And hide their blushes in the gloom of shades.
My heart, insensible, to neither bowed.
Invite the lovers and maids too.
In me, till now, unfacile heart?
'Tis thou that tremblest in my heart.
When e'er I gaze, when e'er I speak.
I want to thank you for the writing of the Roxton family. Though I have read hundreds of books the saga of this family has moved me to tears throughout the stories. I have read them all save the 'deadly' three some. I will begin the first soon and am looking forward it.
I am hoping against hope that there be more tales of this intriguing family.
Thank you again for these deep, meaningful stories of the Roxtons.
Thank you for leaving a comment, and for your lovely words about my Roxton Family. I'm so happy you enjoyed each of the stories, and are emotionally invested in their lives as I am. To me they live and breathe and I cry and laugh along with them.
The Alec Halsey Mysteries are quite different – more gritty and down to earth, and there is murder and mayhem. But the recurring characters are no less important to me as my Roxton Family, and I do hope you enjoy them.


O hai all, I've been mega-busy over summer working at Nokia in Bristol, as a member of their web team and I've just started the final year of my undergrad MEng in Computer Science.
I have been writing sporadically; my latest article for Intuition is the singles roundup for October, Rebellious Jukebox. If you go to UoB, I've reviewed the newest Rolo Tomassi album in the latest issue of Epigram, so check that out. I'll put the words up on here soon. I also edited the Science section of the first Epigram of the year, although I've unfortunately had to step down from my position as deupty Science & Tech editor due to course commitments. So much reading! I am now way more knowledgeable about copyright and patent law than I used to be. Now I'm not on the UBU Photosoc committee, I hope to have more time to make photos, so stay tuned for updates.


After I saw these frames on the high st I loved them! Knew I would get them cheeper online and I did!
The nose pieces are not fixed and Conroe well to my nose.
The frame size is perfect, and I don't get that hard outline the sometimes distracts my brain.
Light and comfy, well made.
I did worry about being to small to take advantage of the verififocal, but honestly I love them ! Well with the wait for them to come off back order.


Sec. 77. Repealer. (1) "An Act to revise the law with relation to banks and banking" approved June 23, 1919, and all Acts amendatory thereof are hereby repealed as of the date this Act becomes effective.
(2) "An Act concerning civil actions to enforce the superadded liabilities of stockholders of banks organized under the laws of this State" approved April 22, 1941, is hereby repealed as of the date this Act becomes effective.
(3) "An Act in relation to the payment of deposits in trust" approved June 27, 1921, is hereby repealed as of the date this Act becomes effective.
(4) "An Act relating to receivers and assignees of banks, banking institutions, banking firms and savings banks" approved May 31, 1879, is hereby repealed as of the date this Act becomes effective.


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text:
Policy Policy-relevant papers
Policy-relevant papers
This page features policy-relevant papers: articles of particular interest published in EGU's open access journals.
All Air Quality Big Data & Infrastructure Biodiversity Carbon Capture & Storage Climate Change & its Impacts Earth Observation & Monitoring Energy & Minerals Resources Environment Fundamental / Blue-Sky Research Geoengineering Global Research Programmes Human Health Natural Hazards Ocean Sciences Polar Research Soil Science Space Science & Exploration Waste Water Resources & Quality
All Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT) Biogeosciences (BG) Climate of the Past (CP) Earth Surface Dynamics (ESurf) Earth System Dynamics (ESD) Geochronology (GChron) Geoscience Communication (GC) Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems (GI) Geoscientific Model Development (GMD) Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS) Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics (NPG) Ocean Science (OS) SOIL Solid Earth (SE) The Cryosphere (TC) Weather and Climate Dynamics (WCD)
Searching ... 253 items found
Snow avalanche detection and mapping in multitemporal and multiorbital radar images from TerraSAR-X and Sentinel-1
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Snow avalanches can endanger people and infrastructure, especially in densely populated mountainous regions. During bad weather, however, information about avalanches that have occurred can be scarce or even be missing completely. To assess the potential of weather-independent radar satellites, this study compared manual and automatic change detection avalanche mapping results in central Switzerland. It was found that radar satellites provide a valuable option to map at least larger avalanches, though avalanches are mapped only partially. By combining multiple orbits and polarizations from medium-resolution Sentinel-1, this study achieved mapping results of quality almost comparable to single high-resolution TerraSAR-X images.
Is there warming in the pipeline? A multi-model analysis of the Zero Emissions Commitment from CO2
Biogeosciences
Zero Emissions Commitment (ZEC) is the change in global temperature expected to occur once CO2 emissions have ceased. This study used 18 climate models to assess the value of ZEC. It was determined that ZEC 50 years after emissions cease is between −0.36 to +0.29 °C. While the most likely value of ZEC is assessed to be close to zero, substantial continued warming for decades or centuries following cessation of CO2 emissions cannot be ruled out.
From the Sun to Earth: effects of the 25 August 2018 geomagnetic storm
On 25 August 2018 Earth experienced a strong G3 geomagnetic storm. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the solar event that occurred on 25 August 2018 and presents a direct link between characteristics of solar perturbation, the magnetosphere–ionosphere system response and space weather effects. While no loss of lock (which can cause a reduction in accuracy and integrity of the Global Navigation Satellite System) had been detected as a result of this strong geomagnetic storm, geomagnetically induced currents (which can reduce the performance of technological infrastructure) were found to be higher than other past, more powerful solar events.
Changing global cropping patterns to minimize national blue water scarcity
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Water scarcity poses a major societal and economic risk and threat to biodiversity and environmental sustainability. Population growth and climate change are expected to worsen the situation and impose more pressure on freshwater resources everywhere. This research considers, for the first time, how both differences in water productivity and water endowment can be considered to analyse comparative advantages of countries for different types of crop production. The study reveals that water scarcity can be reduced while maintaining current levels of global production by changing cropping patterns.
Network-risk: an open GIS toolbox for estimating the implications of transportation network damage due to natural hazards, tested for Bucharest, Romania
Natural hazards have an increasing impact on transportation networks. Bucharest has one of Europe's most exposed capitals to earthquakes as well as significant traffic congestion problems not yet accounted for in risk analyses and risk reduction strategies. This study developed Network-risk – an open toolbox for ArcGIS that attempts to bring together interdisciplinary research with the goal of creating an automated solution to deliver insights on how a transportation network can be affected by natural hazards, assisting in risk evaluation and mitigation planning. By testing Network-risk on Bucharest, this study shows areas difficult to reach by emergency units in earthquakes.
Rapid collaborative knowledge building via Twitter after significant geohazard events
Geoscience Communication
Using two 2018 geohazard events as examples, this study highlights the advantages and potential pitfalls of this relatively novel way of making scientific information accessible to scholarly peers and lay people. The authors argue that scientific discussion on Twitter breaks down the traditional "ivory tower" of academia, contributes to the growing trend towards open science, and may help people to understand how science is developed and, in turn, better understand the risks related to natural/environmental hazards.
Review article: Natural hazard risk assessments at the global scale
The last decade has seen a rapid development of global models for assessing risk from natural hazards at the global scale to reduce the human and economic damage of hazard events. This study reviews the scientific literature on natural hazard risk assessments at the global scale, and specifically examines whether and how they have examined future projections of hazard, exposure, and/or vulnerability. In doing so, it examines similarities and differences between the approaches taken across the different hazards, and identifies potential ways in which different hazard communities can learn from each other.
Impacts of enhanced weathering on biomass production for negative emission technologies and soil hydrology
Biomass-based terrestrial negative emission technologies (tNETS) have high potential to sequester CO2. Many CO2 uptake estimates do not include the effect of nutrient deficiencies in soils on biomass production. This study shows that nutrients can be partly resupplied by enhanced weathering rock powder application, increasing the effectiveness of tNETs.
Drivers of diffusive CH4 emissions from shallow subarctic lakes on daily to multi-year timescales
Lakes are important emitters of the greenhouse gas methane. This study used field observations and a model to evaluate the importance of known drivers of methane production and release. Fast and slow changes of the diffusive flux were governed by wind speed and sediment temperature, respectively. Increased turbulence enhanced release, but storms depleted the lakes of gas and limited emissions. These findings may contribute towards future emissions models and inventories.
Methane emissions from the Munich Oktoberfest
This research measured the methane (CH4) emissions of Oktoberfest, the world's largest folk festival, using in situ measurements combined with a Gaussian plume dispersion model. The results showed that the emissions were primarily produced by fossil fuels rather than human biogenic emissions. This study highlights the importance of including large festivals in emissions inventories and may provide a foundation to develop emissions reduction policies for such events in the future.
Quantifying impacts of the 2018 drought on European ecosystems in comparison to 2003
This study compares the climatic conditions and ecosystem response of the extreme European drought of 2018 with the previous extreme drought of 2003. Using gridded climate data and satellite-based remote sensing information, this analyses qualify 2018 as the new European record drought with wide-ranging negative impacts on European ecosystems. Furthermore, Despite an observed lower sensitivity compared with pastures and arable land, European forests were heavily affected by the drought of 2018. The authors subsequently highlight the need for a Europe-wide forest monitoring to assess forest vulnerability to climate change.
Marine monitoring in Europe: is it adequate to address environmental threats and pressures?
Ocean Science
This study undertook a literature review and an opinion poll of the JERICO-NEXT community to identify the main environmental threats in European coastal areas and gaps in monitoring. Most respondents in the JERICO-NEXT community survey considered the current monitoring of threats to be partially adequate or not adequate. Suggestions for improved monitoring programmes included improved design, increased monitoring effort, and better linkages with research and new technologies. These findings underpin the JERICO-NEXT science strategy to integrate linkages between physical, chemical, and biological parameters to address scientific and policy needs.
New Global Characterization of Landslide Exposure
Landslides cause thousands of fatalities and cost billions of dollars of damage worldwide every year, but different inventories of landslide events can have widely diverging completeness. This can lead to spatial biases in our understanding of the impacts. This study uses a globally homogeneous model of landslide hazard and exposure to provide consistent estimates of where landslides are most likely to cause damage to people, roads, and other critical infrastructure at 1 km resolution.
Evaluating the effects of soil erosion and productivity decline on soil carbon dynamics using a model-based approach
Soil erosion has detrimental effects on soil fertility which can reduce carbon inputs coming from crops to soils. This study used a model linking soil organic carbon dynamics to erosion and crop productivity. Model simulations showed that accounting for the decline in productivity as a result of erosion increased the loss of soil organic matter by 37 % on average compared to a scenario where these effects were excluded. Over centuries, ignoring crop productivity in models could result in underestimating soil organic carbon loss and overestimating carbon exchanged with the atmosphere.
Impact of halogen chemistry on summertime air quality in coastal and continental Europe: application of the CMAQ model and implications for regulation
The abundance and distribution of reactive halogen species and their impact on air quality in Europe are poorly understood. This study adopts a state-of-the-art regional model (CMAQ) to evaluate such effects. The results demonstrate the significant influence of halogen chemistry on the capacity of atmospheric oxidation and the formation of air pollutants in Europe. The study highlights the necessity of including halogen chemistry in the formulation of air pollution control policy.
Effectiveness of landscape decontamination following the Fukushima nuclear accident: a review
The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 resulted in the contamination of Japanese landscapes with radioactive fallout. This review provides an overview of the decontamination strategies and their potential effectiveness in Japan. Decontamination activities predominantly targeted agricultural landscapes and residential areas. At the time of publication, no decontamination activities were planned for the majority of forested areas, which cover ∼75 % of the main fallout-impacted region. Research investigating the effectiveness of decontamination activities underlined the need to undertake concerted actions at the catchment scale to avoid renewed contamination from the catchment headwaters after the completion of …
Societal breakdown as an emergent property of large-scale behavioural models of land use change
Earth System Dynamics
Concerns are growing that human activity will lead to social and environmental breakdown, but it is hard to anticipate when and where such breakdowns might occur. This study has developed a new model of land management decisions in Europe to explore possible future changes. It covers a range of potential futures using climatic and socio-economic scenarios and presents a coherent set of cross-sectoral projections.. These projections include various behavioural responses to scenarios including non-economic motivations, aversion to change and heterogeneity
Difficulties in explaining complex issues with maps: evaluating seismic hazard communication – the Swiss case
Maps are an established way to illustrate natural hazards and regularly used to communicate with non-experts. However, there is evidence that they are frequently misconceived. Using a real case, our study shows that applying or disregarding best practices in visualization, editing, and presentation significantly impacts the comprehensibility of seismic hazard information. We suggest scrutinizing current natural-hazard communication strategies and empirically testing new products.
Significant climate impacts of aerosol changes driven by growth in energy use and advances in emission control technology
Emissions of aerosols over the recent past have been regulated largely by two policy-relevant drivers: energy-use growth and technology advances. These generate large and competing impacts on global radiation balance and climate, particularly over Asia, Europe, and the Arctic. This may help better assess and interpret future climate projections, and hence inform future climate change impact reduction strategies.
Large-scale particulate air pollution and chemical fingerprint of volcanic sulfate aerosols from the 2014–2015 Holuhraun flood lava eruption of Bárðarbunga volcano (Iceland)
This study highlights unknown properties of volcanic sulfates in the troposphere and demonstrate the large-scale persistence of the volcanic sulfate pollution over weeks. The results from this research therefore highlight the impact that tropospheric eruptions can have on air quality, climate, health and atmospheric chemistry.
Impacts of future land use and land cover change on mid-21st-century surface ozone air quality: Distinguishing between the biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects
Surface ozone is an important air pollutant and greenhouse gas. Land use and land cover (LULC) is one of the critical factors influencing ozone, in addition to anthropogenic emissions and climate. This study investigates the two different types of effects (biogeochemical and biogeophysical) of LULC change, and reveals the meteorological changes arising from LULC change (biogeophysical effects) are the critical pathways for the influence of LULC change on ozone pollution.
Modelling the marine ecosystem of Iberia–Biscay–Ireland (IBI) European waters for CMEMS operational applications
As part of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service, an operational ocean forecasting system monitors the ocean dynamics and marine ecosystems of the European waters. This paper assesses the performance of the key biogeochemical variables (oxygen, nutrients, Chl a, primary production) using a 7-year pre-operational qualification simulation (2010–2016). The simulation can be used to better understand the current state, the changes and the health of European marine ecosystems.
Meeting climate targets by direct CO2 injections: what price would the ocean have to pay?
This modeling study is the first one to look at the suitability and collateral effects of direct CO2 injection into the deep ocean as a means to bridge the gap between CO2 emissions and climate impacts of an intermediate CO2 emission scenario and a temperature target on a millennium timescale, such as the 1.5 °C climate target of the Paris Agreement.
Future shifts in extreme flow regimes in Alpine regions
River flow regimes are expected to change and so are extreme flow regimes. We propose two methods for estimating extreme flow regimes and show on a data set from Switzerland how these extreme regimes are expected to change. Our results show that changes in low- and high-flow regimes are distinct for rainfall- and melt-dominated regions. Our findings provide guidance in water resource planning and management.
Trends and source apportionment of aerosols in Europe during 1980–2018
Aerosol concentration decreased in Europe during 1980–2018, of which 7 % was induced by the changes in non-European emissions. Aerosols transported from other source regions are increasingly important to air quality in Europe. Contributions to the sulfate radiative forcing over Europe from both European and non-European emissions would decrease at a comparable rate in the next three decades. Future changes in non-European emissions are important in causing regional climate change in Europe.
Modelling of the public health costs of fine particulate matter and results for Finland in 2015
We have developed a mathematical model that can be used in analyzing the benefits that could be achieved by implementing alternative air quality abatement measures, policies or strategies. The model was applied for the pollution sources in the whole of Finland in 2015. Economically clearly the most effective measures were the reduction of the emissions from low-level sources in urban areas. Such sources include road transport, non-road vehicles and machinery, and residential wood combustion.
Biomass based terrestrial Negative Emission Technologies (tNETS) have a high potential to sequester CO2. Many CO2 uptake estimates do not include the effect of nutrient deficiencies in soils on biomass production. We show that nutrients can be partly resupplied by Enhanced Weathering (EW) rock powder application, enabling the full potential of tNETs. Depending on the deployed amounts of rock powder, EW could also improve soil hydrology, adding a new dimension to the coupling of tNETs with EW.
Global-scale human pressure evolution imprints on sustainability of river systems
A simple and effective index for the quantitative estimation of the evolution of human pressure on rivers at global scale is proposed. This index, based on nightlights and river discharge data, shows a significant increase from 1992 to 2013 worldwide. The most notable changes are found in river basins across Africa and Asia, where human pressure on rivers is growing markedly. This index identifies priority areas that can be targeted for the implementation of mitigation strategies and plans.
Attributing land transport emissions to ozone and ozone precursors in Europe and Germany
We investigate the contribution of land transport emissions to ozone and ozone precursors in Europe and Germany. Our results show that land transport emissions are one of the most important contributor to reactive nitrogen in Europe. For ozone the contribution are in the range of 8 % to 16 % strongly depending on the time of the year. The hotspots with the largest ozone concentrations are the Po Valley, while the largest concentration to reactive nitrogen are located mainly in Western Europe.
CO2 effects on diatoms: a synthesis of more than a decade of ocean acidification experiments with natural communities
Diatoms are a group of phytoplankton species responsible for ~ 25 % of primary production on Earth and therefore have an important place within the marine food web. Despite their importance to the marine ecosystem, there is little consensus on how diatom communities will respond to increasing CO2 and subsequent ocean acidification as a result of climate change. To address this question, this study synthesised the literature from over a decade of ocean acidification experiments with natural diatom communities. It was found that diatoms are more likely to be positively than negatively affected by high CO2 and larger species may …
Complementing CO2 emission reduction by solar radiation management might strongly enhance future welfare
We use the climate-economy model DICE to perform a cost–benefit analysis of sulfate geoengineering, i.e. producing a thin artificial sulfate haze in the higher atmosphere to reflect some sunlight and cool the Earth. We find that geoengineering can increase future welfare by reducing global warming, and should be taken seriously as a policy option, but it can only complement, not replace, carbon emission reduction. The best policy is to combine CO2 emission reduction with modest geoengineering.
We carried out a literature review and an opinion poll of the JERICO-NEXT community to identify the main environmental threats in European coastal areas, and gaps in monitoring. The need for improved monitoring was highlighted, e.g. through improved design and monitoring effort and better links with new technologies. The findings underpin the JERICO-NEXT science strategy to integrate linkages between physical, chemical and biological parameters to address scientific and policy needs.
Towards measuring resilience of flood-prone communities: a conceptual framework
Community resilience is an important policy and research concept. However, lack of an operational measurement framework exists due to difficulties in systematically integrating socioeconomic and techno-ecological factors. A conceptual and mathematical model was developed and a fuzzy logic equivalent of the model implemented to generate a resilience index for three communities in the US. This model offers a viable approach for measuring community flood resilience despite data limitations.
Reviews and syntheses: influences of landscape structure and land uses on local to regional climate and air quality
Human activities strongly interfere in the land–atmosphere interactions through changes in land use and land cover changes and land management. The objectives of this review are to synthesize the existing experimental and modelling works that investigate physical, chemical, and biogeochemical interactions between land surface and the atmosphere. Greater consideration of atmospheric chemistry, through land–atmosphere interactions, as a decision parameter for land management is essential.
Effects of ship emissions on air quality in the Baltic Sea region simulated with three different chemistry transport models
The effect of ship emissions on the regional air quality in the Baltic Sea region was investigated with three regional chemistry transport model systems. The ship influence on air quality is shown to depend on the boundary conditions, meteorological data and aerosol formation and deposition schemes that are used in these models. The study provides a reliable approach for the evaluation of policy options regarding emission regulations for ship traffic in the Baltic Sea.
Water-level attenuation in global-scale assessments of exposure to coastal flooding: a sensitivity analysis
This paper evaluates the effect of surge water level reduction due to land surface characteristics when assessing flood impacts at global scales. Our results show that uncertainties due to not accounting for water attenuation are of similar magnitude to the uncertainties regarding the total amount of sea-level rise expected by 2100, thus highlighting the need for better understanding of the spatial and temporal variation of water levels across floodplains.
Uncertainty quantification of the multi-centennial response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change
The Cryosphere
Using probabilistic methods, we quantify the uncertainty in the Antarctic ice-sheet response to climate change over the next millennium under the four RCP scenarios and parametric uncertainty. We find that the ice sheet is stable in RCP 2.6 regardless of parametric uncertainty, while West Antarctica undergoes disintegration in RCP 8.5 almost regardless of parametric uncertainty. We also show a high sensitivity of the ice-sheet response to uncertainty in sub-shelf melting and sliding conditions.
Winter tourism under climate change in the Pyrenees and the French Alps: relevance of snowmaking as a technical adaptation
This study investigates the snow reliability of 175 ski resorts in the Pyrenees (France, Spain and Andorra) and the French Alps under past and future conditions (1950–2100) using state-of-the-art climate projections and snowpack modelling accounting for snow management, i.e. grooming and snowmaking. The snow reliability of ski resorts shows strong elevation and regional differences, and our study quantifies changes in snow reliability induced by snowmaking under various climate scenarios.
Simple rules to minimise exposure to coseismic landslide hazard
Mitigating landslide risk requires information on landslide hazards on a suitable scale to inform decisions. We develop simple rules to identify landslide hazards and the probability of being hit by a landslide, then test their performance using six existing landslide inventories from recent earthquakes. We find that the best rules are "minimize your maximum look angle to the skyline" and "avoid steep (> 10˚) channels with many steep (> 40˚) areas that are upslope".
Future climatic drivers and their effect on PM10 components in Europe and the Mediterranean Sea
Multiple future scenario sets have been compared to reference simulations in order to assess the effects of different climate change drivers (regional climate, anthropogenic emissions, long-range transport) on the concentration of PM10 and its components. The effect of different meteorological parameters has been explored on the concentration of PM components in the case of changes due to regional climate. A cumulative impact study on the three aforementioned drivers has also been included.
HESS Opinions: Socio-economic and ecological trade-offs of flood management – benefits of a transdisciplinary approach
The demand for flood protection often results in the construction of more and bigger levees along rivers. We highlight that such technical solutions often result in undesired socio-economic and ecological consequences such as increased downstream flooding risk, changes of groundwater levels, and a loss of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. We propose a transdisciplinary approach of integrated flood management and green infrastructure instead of reliance on technical protection measures.
Probabilistic modelling of the dependence between rainfed crops and drought hazard
This work investigates the dependence between drought hazard and yield anomalies of rainfed cropping systems in the Iberian Peninsula using the copula theory. The applied methodology allows to estimate the likelihood of wheat- and barley-loss under drought conditions and a dependence among extreme values is suggested. From the decision-making point of view this study aims to contribute to the mitigation of drought-related crop-failure.
Ideas and perspectives: Carbon leaks from flooded land: do we need to replumb the inland water active pipe?
Whether the majority of CO2 emitted by rivers comes from floodable land (approximately 10 % of the continents) or from well-drained land is a fundamental question that impacts our capacity to predict how these C fluxes might change in the future. Based on classical concepts in ecology, and a literature survey, we highlight the importance of flooded land as a preferential source of atmospheric carbon to aquatic systems at the global scale. Studies in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems could be reconciled by considering the occurrence of an efficient wetland CO2 pump to river systems.
Carbon balance of a restored and cutover raised bog: implications for restoration and comparison to global trends
Abbeyleix Bog in the Irish Midlands contains areas that were historically harvested for peat and then abandoned as well as areas that were never harvested. This study measured the carbon balance for both harvested locations and unharvested locations at Abbeyleix Bog to understand how the historic harvesting and later abandonment of peat affect greenhouse gas emissions. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the mean annual water table (MAWT) and the plot-scale NEE but not the global warming potential. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between the plot-scale percentage of Sphagnum moss cover and the global warming potential, …
The response of precipitation characteristics to global warming from climate projections
Earth Surface Dynamics
The paper revisits the critical issue of precipitation characteristics in response to global warming through a new analysis of global and regional climate projections and a summary of previous work. Robust responses are identified and the underlying processes investigated. Examples of applications are given, such as the evaluation of risks associated with extremes. The paper, solicited by the EGU executive office, is based on the 2018 EGU Alexander von Humboldt medal lecture by Filippo Giorgi.
Assessing the impact of acid rain and forest harvest intensity with the HD-MINTEQ model – soil chemistry of three Swedish conifer sites from 1880 to 2080
Forest management may lead to long-term soil acidification due to the removal of base cations during harvest. By means of the HD-MINTEQ model, we compared the acidification effects of harvesting with the effects of historical acid rain at three forested sites in Sweden. The effects of harvesting on pH were predicted to be much smaller than those resulting from acid deposition during the 20th century. There were only very small changes in predicted weathering rates due to acid rain or harvest.
Modeling anaerobic soil organic carbon decomposition in Arctic polygon tundra: insights into soil geochemical influences on carbon mineralization
Arctic warming exposes soil carbon to increased degradation, increasing CO2 and CH4 emissions. Models under represent anaerobic decomposition that predominates wet soils. We simulated microbial growth, pH regulation, and anaerobic carbon decomposition in a new model, parameterized and validated with prior soil incubation data. The model accurately simulated CO2 production and strong influences of water content, pH, methanogen biomass, and competing electron acceptors on CH4 production.
Measuring rates of present-day relative sea-level rise in low-elevation coastal zones: a critical evaluation
Relative sea-level rise is traditionally measured with tide gauges, but we question the reliability of tide-gauge data in low-elevation coastal zones. Benchmark data show that tide gauges typically do not record subsidence in the shallow subsurface and thus underestimate rates of relative sea-level rise. We present an alternative method of measuring relative sea-level rise and conclude that low-elevation coastal zones may be at higher risk of flooding than previously assumed.
Accommodation space indicates dune development potential along an urbanized and frequently nourished coastline
This paper examines how an experimental mega-scale beach nourishment ("Sand Motor") contributes to creating favorable conditions for dune development. These conditions, involving a steady supply of wind-blown sand towards space where it can accumulate, are identified using publicly available remote sensing data. It is demonstrated that the Sand Motor supports a high potential for new dunes to develop, but human disturbances may hamper this development, which negatively impacts coastal safety.
A method of deriving operation-specific ski run classes for avalanche risk management decisions in mechanized skiing
We used a revealed preference approach and identified patterns in risk management decisions of mechanized skiing operations. Our results show that terrain choices of experienced guides depend on a much broader set of factors beyond just the avalanche hazard, including skiing experience or accessibility due to weather. The identified high-resolution ski run hierarchies provide new opportunities for examining professional avalanche risk management practices and developing meaningful decision aids.


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Carol Anderson
Miriam Toews
Brigid Kemmerer
Mark Kurlansky
Samantha Shannon
Renée Watson
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Readings for Reflective Teaching in Further, Adult and Vocational Education
Andrew Pollard (Series Editor), Amy Pollard (Series Editor), Margaret Gregson (Anthology Editor), Lawrence Nixon (Anthology Editor), Andrew Pollard (Anthology Editor), Trish Spedding (Anthology Editor)
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Readings for Reflective Teaching in Further, Adult and Vocational Education is a unique portable library of exceptional readings drawing together seminal extracts and contemporary literature from international sources from books and journals to support both initial study and extended career-long professionalism for further, adult and vocational education practitioners. Introductions to each reading highlight the key issues explored and explain the status of classic works.
This book, along with the core text and associated website, draw upon the work of Andrew Pollard, former Director of the TLRP, and the work of many years of accumulated understanding of generations of further, adult and vocational professionals.
Readings for Reflective Teaching in Further, Adult and Vocational Education, the core text, Reflective Teaching in Further, Adult and Vocational Education, and the website, provide a fully integrated set of resources promoting the expertise of further, adult and vocational professionals.
The associated website, www.reflectiveteaching.co.uk offers supplementary resources including reflective activities, research briefings and advice on further readings. It also features a glossary of educational terms, links to useful websites and showcases examples of excellent research and practice.
This book forms part of the Reflective Teaching series, edited by Andrew Pollard and Amy Pollard, offering support for reflective practice in early, primary, secondary, further, vocational, university and adult sectors of education.
Read an extract of Readings for Reflective Teaching in Further, Adult and Vocational Education
Part I: Becoming a reflective professional
1. Identity. Who are we, and what do we stand for?
2. Learning. How can we understand learner development?
3. Reflection. How can we develop the quality of our teaching?
4. Principles. What are the foundations of effective teaching and learning?
Part II: Creating Conditions for Learning
5. Contexts. What is, and what might be?
6. Relationships. How are we getting on together?
7. Engagement. How are we managing behaviour?
8. Spaces. How are we creating environments for learning?
Part III: Teaching for Learning
9. Curriculum. What is to be taught and learned?
10. Planning. How are we implementing the curriculum?
11. Pedagogy. How can we develop effective strategies?
12. Communication. How does language support learning?
13. Assessment. How can assessment enhance learning?
Part IV: Reflecting on Consequences
14. Outcomes. How do we monitor student learning achievements?
15. Inclusion. How do we manage equality and diversity?
Part V: Deepening Understanding
17. Expertise. Conceptual tools for career-long fascination?
18. Professionalism. How does reflective teaching contribute to society, and to ourselves?
10 x 7 inches
Reflective Teaching
Andrew Pollard
Andrew Pollard is Professor of Education Policy an…
Amy Pollard
Amy Pollard specialises in the application of soci…
Margaret Gregson
Margaret Gregson is Director of the Sunderland Uni…
Lawrence Nixon
Lawrence Nixon is Senior Lecturer in the Faculty o…
Trish Spedding
Trish Spedding is Co-Director of the Sunderland Un…
This important new text uses an innovative design to bring together key knowledge in further, adult and vocational education from experts both past and present, from the UK and across the globe. And, the timing could not be better. As the recommendations from the Commission on Adult Vocational Teaching and Learning report are implemented and the Department for Education funds a new research centre to research vocational education, a research informed text such as this sets the scene for a promising future for further, adult and vocational education.
Liz Browne, Director of the Centre for Educational Consultancy and Development, Oxford Brookes University, UK
This wide-ranging and richly diverse collection of readings exemplifies, celebrates and justifies the power and effectiveness of the reflective practitioner tradition in learning and teaching. The readings – ranging from classical theories to contemporary practical programmes – provide a wealth of resources for teachers, learners, academics and policy-makers who are committed to the continuous improvement of learning and teaching through reflective practice strategies. It should prove an invaluable reference source for staff and students in further, higher and adult education.
Terry Hyland, Professor, University of Bolton, UK
The articles in Readings for Reflective Teaching in Further, Adult and Vocational Education draw on significant research and activity over many years and in so doing highlight the need to reconsider the pertinent issues in further and vocational education. In particular, the need to refocus on developing quality 'education' and not just training and skills development, if learners, societies and economies are to be prepared to meet the challenges of an evolving, technology driven society in a globally connected world. Another important consideration is to recognise the professionalism of teachers/practitioners in developing and sustaining learners on their journey of discovery. They need to reclaim the mantle of a professional teacher/educator which has been debased and devalued for many years by industry, policy makers and the community. Further and vocational education is more than skills development and just-in-time training – it is about shaping the societies we wish to inhabit. Readings for Reflective Teaching in Further, Adult and Vocational Education provides wide-ranging examples, discourse and future thinking to guide the current and next generation of practitioners to enact this vision.
Denise Stevens, Chief Executive Office, VET Development Centre, Australia
Readings for Reflective Teaching in Further, Adult and Vocational Education effectively draws on a range of classic and current literature from both UK and international perspectives, alongside promoting new concepts and ideas of post-compulsory pedagogy. This book, which stimulates critical reflection, is an essential text for teachers, tutors, mentors, teacher trainees and indeed other professionals who are working in the ever changing and challenging world of further, adult and vocational education. It promises to benefit all parties alike.
Ellen Buttler, Director for Initial Teacher Training (Further Education and Skills), Centre for Lifelong Learning, University of Warwick, UK
Readings for Reflective Teaching in Further, Adult and Vocational Education provides an excellent complement to Reflective Teaching in Further, Adult and Vocational Education. The extensive range of over 60 readings includes some "classics" (from Vygotsky, Dewey, Stenhouse, Bruner and others) that have stood the test of time, as well as more contemporary examples (from Coffield, Biesta, Kress and others). These readings will prove invaluable to both student teachers who are encountering them for the first time and also experienced vocational educators who are refreshing their familiarity with key texts and new contributions to the field. The readings provide a very effective compact and mobile library which should be part of every vocational educators resource base.
Kevin Brosnan, Teaching Fellow, School of Education, University of Stirling, UK
From Aristotle to Vygotsky and from session planning to digital literacies, this book introduces a very wide range of often intriguing and always relevant extracts of writing to inform teachers in further and vocational education. Whilst readings are made accessible through careful editing, this excellent book remains, nonetheless, properly demanding. Here readers will find ideas that will challenge and inspire their practice.
Kevin Orr, Reader in Work and Learning, University of Huddersfield, UK
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