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North Queensland is defined by two natural treasures, located on either side of its golden shores. Beneath warm waters to the east lies the famed Great Barrier Reef, a "must-see" for many first-time visitors to Australia. Meanwhile, covering the mountains to the west, the Daintree rainforest protects an ecosystem just as complex, ancient, and beautiful. Both should be explored on a Queensland vacation.
You haven't really experienced North Queensland unless you've spent a day on the reef and a day exploring the forest. But there are options for taking this immersion in nature even deeper. Thala Beach Nature Reserve offers secluded accommodation that invites its guests to surround themselves with the region's natural beauty without even having to leave the resort.
Set on 58 hectares of hilly rainforest as well as its own private beach, Thala offers natural seclusion just 15 minutes south of Port Douglas, or 50 minutes north of Cairns. Through sustainable practices and a focus on ecotourism, Thala is recognized with a high eco-accreditation, in addition to being one of National Geographic's Unique Lodges of the World.
We arrive at Thala soon after a light lunch and afternoon exploring just a little of Kuranda. This small village located high in the rainforest near Cairns boasts a number of attractions including the short walk to spectacular Barron Falls. Most of the drive north to Port Douglas hugs the coastline, allowing us to see many of the area's most secluded and attractive beaches. All are empty of human visitors, a reminder that we're visiting during North Queensland's "stinger season," which makes beach swimming a dangerous prospect from November to around May each year. On the upside, this 'look, don't touch' irony of nature leaves the beaches looking pristine, like gateways to an untouched tropical island.
Our welcome at Thala is all about efficiency with a smile. Our bags are loaded onto one of the golf carts that whisk guests and staff through this extensive and leafy resort, while our car is parked a short walk down the hill. Located at the property's highest point is Ospreys Restaurant, the perfect place for breakfast overlooking the nearby coves, as well as a welcome mocktail (or something stronger if you'd prefer). Ospreys is also open for lunch and dinner, extending its concept of open dining in the forest canopy throughout the day. With limited time in this beautiful corner of Queensland, we opt for dinner at one of the local pubs in Port Douglas. Still, as good as the local fare is, the varied and colourful plates we glimpse darting from kitchen to table in Ospreys on our way through have us second guessing our decision!
Thala is featured among National Geographic's Unique Lodges of the World. That means it satisfies the four pillars of helping to protect natural heritage, protecting cultural heritage, supporting local communities, and employing environmentally friendly practices. At Thala, the focus is on integration with the natural area. In North Queensland, that covers a diversity of habitats, each with its own unique range of wildlife.
Eucalypt woodlands dominate the main ridge leading to most of the lodges. Lowland vines lead into valley floor rainforest. Mangroves mark the southern end of Thala's private stretch of Oak Beach, while coastal vegetation overlooks the beach itself, obscuring the resort's buildings. It's one thing for a resort to claim its own private beach, but stepping onto Oak Beach in time to watch the sun rise over the Pacific Ocean feels otherworldly in the best way. A pathway lined with coconuts provides the only evidence that this is also a popular wedding spot.
For now, that's way too much activity to even think about as I stretch out on my choice of a dozen or so empty loungers and watch the golden light spill over the waters. With my phone sitting untouched in our wi-fi free cabin, the most difficult question I want to tackle in that moment is when I should go wake my partner to share in this moment… or how much of it I just want to enjoy myself. Sunrise on a secluded beach is a transient experience, after all!
Native animals roam freely across Thala's acreage. Many are of the winged variety, including almost 200 bird species and 120 species of butterfly. Over 50 wallabies are also thought to live in the forest, and are known to come in for feeding each morning and night. Guests can join an expert for walks that explore the local bird and butterfly life, as well as the broader balance between Thala's natural inhabitants. One of Thala's highlights is its dedicated coconut grove. The focus here however isn't on farming the property's coconuts or selling related products as such. Here, the coconut grove is treated as another natural habitat, and guests are invited to join a guide on Thala's "coconut odyssey" to learn more about this delicious and refreshing plant, and to sample the local produce. Those who are won over can order up the alcoholic version later on in the bar! Thala's reach even stretches to the stars, with stargazing tours operating when the night skies are clear.
All of these experiences are included for Thala guests, but numerous other amenities round out the experience for those who don't mind upgrading. Even though stinger season keeps visitors out of the water during our stay, it's safe to paddle on top of it on a sea kayaking trip. It's not unusual for guests to spot dugongs, dolphins, stingrays, and marine turtles on these excursions. Thala will also happily arrange visits to the nearby rainforest, and to the Great Barrier Reef, but if that just sounds like far too much activity on your Queensland vacation, the Rejuvenate Spa is ready to melt away stress and rouse tired muscles back into action.
No visit to North Queensland is complete without sharing in some understanding of the people who've called it home for thousands of years. To that end, Thala invites guests to listen to the stories of the Kuku Yalanji people. Over the course of an hour on selected evenings, elders from the community talk with guests about "bush tucker," and other traditions. We learn how the haunting sound of the didgeridoo is produced, and more about its role in relation to the first peoples here.
At Thala, guests can indulge in as many or as few experiences as they'd like. For those who'd rather relax or keep to themselves, there are trails through the forest, and two freeform rock pools offer an especially welcome respite in the summer humidity, without ever feeling like you've ever left the forest. The resort doesn't capture the entire North Queensland experience, nor does it attempt to, balancing its many on-site activities with day trips to the Great Barrier Reef or the Daintree – many visitors opt for one of each. But as an oasis that extends the region's beauty to your accommodation's front door (and back porch), it's hard to imagine a stay that offers a better immersion in nature.


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Facebook Delivers Both Food and Elections Now
Rena Behar
Filed to: FacebookFiled to: Facebook
Photo by Brenan Greene on Unsplash
Reminding you of your friends' birthdays, showing you which of your relatives is racist, meddling in global geopolitics... truly there is nothing Facebook can't do. The next step in their quest to monopolize your attention: Food delivery.
They officially announced the service today after testing it over the past year. Facebook seems to think that the process of ordering food has become too complicated, and since you're already looking for restaurant reviews on their site (are you?) that they should streamline the process.
Couple Claims They Ordered Pizza on UberEats But Received... Oh My God What Is That?!
For all I know, Uber's food delivery service UberEats is a perfectly fine method of ordering food.…
According to the press release, they'll be working with "a number of food ordering services like EatStreet, Delivery.com, DoorDash, ChowNow and Olo, as well as restaurants like Jack in the Box, Five Guys, Papa John's, and Panera, so you don't have to search through multiple places to find what you're looking for." Except for all of those delivery networks, anyway.
You'll be able to place your order through a dedicated "Order Food" section in the Explore sidebar. It lets you browse available restaurant options and choose which of the available delivery services you'd like to have bring it to you; you can filter by location, delivery versus pickup, price range, cuisine, and whether or not the restaurant is open. If you don't have an account with the chosen delivery service, you can sign up for it in the app, because at this point, what's one more stored credit card account linked to the rest of your internet presence.
Nothing really seems to set the service apart from every other food delivery site other than the fact that it's linked to your Facebook profile, though the provider aggregation could prove convenient. As a Brooklynite, I don't foresee this tearing me away from my time-honored Yelp review and Seamless traditions, but it may be more useful in cities that aren't already overcrowded with delivery options. It's not like Facebook's algorithm hasn't already figured out that you were secretly ordering three orders of pad thai just for yourself, anyway.
Costco Launches Grocery Delivery Program to Compete With Amazon
Suspicious of Fake News on Facebook? Use the New Context Button
How to Keep Your Social Media Creeping Private
Recent from Rena Behar
Talk to The Upside Down With This Facebook Messenger Bot
These Are the Worst Seats on Airplanes
Why Does Everyone Add an Extra "R" to the Word "Sherbet"?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Sheila is a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) and has been in the field of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) for 7 years. Before starting in ABA, she was a pre-school teacher working with children ranging from infants to school-age. One day while working as a teacher she came across a behavior therapist and knew that was exactly the career path she wanted to pursue. She went on to complete her Bachelor's Degree in Psychology at Florida International University in 2014, where she also completed the course sequence for Applied Behavior Analysis. She has worked as a behavior therapist with children and teens in the Autism spectrum and other developmental disabilities in different settings such as clinics, homes and schools. Throughout the years, she has become proficient in decreasing maladaptive behaviors and increasing appropriate adaptive skills to promote individuals' ability to have a more independent and functional life. She has worked with parents to ensure they have the tools needed to help their child succeed. In addition, she has also collaborated with teachers in schools using.
Hi evidence-based strategies in the classroom to help students be successful. Sheila enrolled in graduate studies and graduated with a Master's Degree in Applied Behavior Analysis at the University of South Florida in 2018 and shortly after became a Board Certified Behavior Analyst. Her mission as a BCBA is to use the science of behavior to bring about socially- significant behavior change to improve the lives of individuals with disabilities and their families. As part of her mission, she also hopes to disseminate and educate people about the field of ABA and the use of evidence-based treatment. It is also her goal that individuals and families feel understood and supported every step of the way. She hopes to continue learning and growing within the field and bring that knowledge and dedication to as many families as possible.
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At Sweeney Law Offices we provide effective legal advice for parents who want to maintain strong relationships with their children after divorce. We encourage shared custody agreements when it is in the best interest of the children. And when it is necessary, we vigorously pursue effective custody agreements in court. If you are concerned about the custody of your children, contact our Western Pennsylvania family law firm via email or call us today at 724-742-2590.
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6th Earl of Erne (1937-2015)
I am deeply saddened to learn of the death of the Right Honourable Henry George Victor John Earl of Erne KCVO today.
Lord Erne was a true friend of Northern Ireland, particularly his beloved Couny Fermanagh and Crom.
He shall be sorely missed.
I convey my sincere condolences to Lord Erne's family.
Ormiston Restoration
I met an old school pal for breakfast at S D Bell's this morning.
I fancied the scrambled eggs and granary toast, which were tip-top.
Major restoration work is progressing today, 23rd December, 2015, at Ormiston, in east Belfast.
Ormiston was the former residence of Sir Edward Harland Bt; and the Viscount Pirrie.
The Hawthornden Road lodge of ca 1867 has a new slate roof and awaits further renovation.
Labels: Belfast Buildings
Tesco Vintage Port
I happened to be at a massive Tesco store near me this morning at nine o'clock and bagged a bot of their finest vintage port, viz. the 1997 Vinho Do Porto, by Symington Family Estates.
Christopher Bellew, on his fine new blog, has apprised us - not to add tipped us off - about this.
It currently costs £16.
Connswater Progress
In February, 2015, I photographed the river Conn's Water at Holywood Arches health centre, Belfast, where the river is culverted for a short distance.
Today I revisited the same location and, as we can see, the Connswater Greenway scheme is progressing well.
Labels: River Conn's Water
Belvoir House
I am grateful to the Northern Ireland Forestry Service for providing me with photographs of Belvoir House, Newtownbreda, Belfast, which enables me to share my passion and fascination of Belvoir with others.
BELVOIR HOUSE was a large, three storey, mid-18th century mansion set in a demesne of 6,348 acres in 1876.
The top storey was treated as an attic, above the cornice.
It had a seven-bay front and a three-bay break-front centre with four giant Doric pilasters supporting a pediment, flanked by two oculi.
East front
There was a curved bow on the eastern side elevation.
At the apex of the pediment the Bateson baronets' coat-of-arms was prominently displayed, their crest being a bat's wing; and their motto Nocte Volamus.
The great mansion boasted an impressive staircase hall and the stairs had a cast-iron balustrade.
The original owners of Belvoir were the Hill-Trevors, Viscounts Dungannon, who, in turn, sold the estate to the Batesons, Barons Deramore.
Lord Dungannon's seat at Belvoir was probably the largest and grandest private dwelling in Belfast, and remained thus until its deplorable demolition. The only other possible contenders would have been Lord Donegall's Tudor-Revival pile at Ormeau Park; or Orangefield, residence of the Houston family of bankers.
Belvoir House was demolished on the 18th February, 1961, by the NI Forest Service.
The site is now the main car park.
Today the forest park extends to 185 acres.
Belvoir House was considered a candidate for the new Parliament of Northern Ireland as a possible seat of Government before the Stormont Estate was chosen.
Belvoir was also contemplated by HM Government as the official residence of the new Governor of Northern Ireland (Hillsborough Castle, or Government House as it became known, was chosen instead).
The two governments felt that the surrounding demesne and parkland was too extensive at the time.
The picture at the very top shows the west entrance front, which was opposite the present stable-yard where the RSPB has its office.
The west side of the house was long, so the actual door entrance would have been beyond the stables (the rear courtyard buildings and the conservatory attached to the House, at ground floor level, cannot be seen in the picture).
North front
The picture immediately above shows the garden front with its portico, facing northwards towards the motte and the formal gardens below.
The Irish Aesthete has written about the house and posted several good images.
Ben Simon has published A Treasured Landscape: The Heritage Of Belvoir Park.
First published in May, 2009.
Labels: Country Houses , Heritage
Skillin's Wood
I spent the morning at Skillin's Wood, near Greyabbey, County Down, this morning.
I met Tomasz and other National Trust volunteers at the Mount Stewart schoolhouse, where we gathered the equipment and drove the mile or two to the wood.
Skillin's Wood overlooks the village of Greyabbey on the inside; and Mid Island to its west.
There were fourteen of us today.
Our task was to construct a wattle fence bird "lookout" at the shoreline.
We finished at about one o'clock, motored back to the schoolhouse, and all congregated for the annual Christmas party.
Sausage-rolls, cocktail sausages, chicken, quiche, chilli con carne, soup, more nibbles, a Yule log, chocolate cake, crisps and much more bore down on the table.
I think Maureen made the Yule-log and Christmas cake - sumptuous, Maureen; thank you!
One of the long-term volunteers, Sebastian, was leaving, so we presented him with two wildlife books and a card.
The Cranberry Sauce
Cranberry Sauce was made today at Belmont GHQ.
Having obtained the requisite main ingredient, caster sugar is dissolved with some water in a saucepan.
The juice of a clementine and its finely-grated zest is added; and a glass of port.
Thereafter the berries are added and the mixture is simmered for ten or fifteen minutes, until the desired consistency is reached.
The sauce will be refrigerated till required.
Labels: Belmont Food
Killynether Woods
I haven't been to Killynether Woods since January, 2014.
Killynether, near Newtownards, County Down, has been a property of the National Trust since 1937, when it was bequeathed by Miss J H Weir.
It comprises 42 acres.
Today we were coppicing hazel, as we usually do.
There must have been about ten of us today.
We lunched under a birch tree; and, for a change (!) I munched on chicken and sweetcorn sandwiches.
Most of of spent five hours coppicing and gathering the branches, which will be used for fencing.
I ventured into central Belfast this morning.
The little grey cells have been chugging away, considering a special gift for my godmother.
Having alighted at Donegall Square North, opposite City Hall, my eyes were drawn to Molton Brown, supplier of toiletries to the royal household.
Their GHQ seems to be at Shaftesbury Avenue in London.
My mission has come to a happy conclusion, having been served by lovely Catherine in the said shop.
As it happens, I wasn't aware that they received a royal warrant in 2013.
Thereafter I darkened the threshold of possibly the longest established optometrists in Belfast, Petticrew's, of Cornmarket, established in 1887.
I was warmly greeted by Andrew Petticrew, who happened to observe my overcoat.
I was wearing a traditional olive covert overcoat, which I bought in 2001.
Andrew remarked that he owned a very similar one.
Andrew Petticrew is one of the most amicable optometrists you're likely to encounter in Belfast.
In fact, I was there to look at reading glasses and I was given a complimentary pair, despite offering to pay.
If you are reading this, Andrew, may I convey my sincere gratitude? They were put to good use within five minutes.
Belfast has its annual Christmas Market in the grounds of City Hall, so I had a brief look before going home.
Mourne Seafood Bar's Lobster Burger
I have to confess that the Mourne Seafood Bar's Lobster Burger sounded tempting at £7.
Labels: By Appointment To The Right Honourable The Earl Of Belmont , Shopping
Spanish State Visit
His Majesty the King of Spain, FELIPE VI, accompanied by Queen Letizia, has accepted an invitation from Her Majesty The Queen to pay a state visit to the United Kingdom from the 8th until the 10th March, 2016.
Their Majesties will stay at Windsor Castle.
The last State Visit from Spain was by King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia in 1986.
The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh paid a State Visit to Spain in 1988.
December Bride's Domain
Simmy Island from Island Taggart
Sam Hanna Bell, MBE, the celebrated Ulster-Scot novelist and playwright, was brought up at Strangford Lough, County Down, a part of the Province that I know fairly well.
In 1951, he wrote the acclaimed December Bride, a story based in the vicinity of the lough about a servant girl and her relationship with two brothers in conservative Ulster.
Sadly, he died just before the said book's film première.
The 1991 movie was shot in and around Island Taggart, at the derelict farmstead on the top of the island.
Yesterday I was on the beloved 85-acre island again, with eleven other volunteers.
It has been owned by the National Trust since 1985, when it was the property of Paddy Mackie.
I shan't bore you with the details of what we were doing (gorse!), though I shall post a few photographs.
Museum Trip
Once Upon A Time, by Arlene McPadden
I visited the Ulster Museum briefly this afternoon.
Stranmillis Road was as busy as ever, so I drove across to College Gardens, almost opposite Deane's at Queen's restaurant.
There was an exhibition by the Royal Ulster Academy at the museum.
A painting of Paddy Mackie at Castle Espie, County Down, by Julian Friers particularly impressed me; as did an exhibit by Arlene McPadden.
Thereafter I went for a stroll at the University quarter.
Almost all of Upper Crescent is for sale or to let.
It's such a shame that the present owners allowed this fine terrace to deteriorate to such a degree.
Nevertheless, let us hope that new owners shall be more sympathetic to one of the city's finest terraces.
Labels: Belfast Buildings , Walks
Princess Royal in Belfast
The Princess Royal, Patron, the Mary Peters Trust, accompanied by Vice-Admiral Sir Tim Laurence, attended a Fortieth Anniversary Dinner at City Hall, Donegall Square, Belfast, on Saturday, 28th November, 2015, and was received by Her Majesty's Lord-Lieutenant of the County Borough of Belfast (Mrs. Fionnuala Jay-O'Boyle CBE).
Island Taggart Trip
I've spent the day with seven other National Trust volunteers on Island Taggart, one of the largest islands on Strangford Lough, County Down.
We met in Killyleagh and took the little boat from an old quay across to Taggart.
Today we were mainly gathering gorse and brambles for burning.
We have a new trolley cart. It is black, with collapsible sides, and can carry up to about 300 kilogrammes.
This cart, which has four pneumatic tyres, proved useful for the logs and tools.
I lunched on tuna and sweetcorn sandwiches today.
Judicial Damehoods
THE QUEEN has been pleased to approve that the honour of Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (Civil Division) be conferred on Siobhan Roisin Keegan QC and Denise Anne McBride QC, following their appointment as Justices of the High Court.
The Hon Mrs Justice Keegan was called to the Bar in 1994 and took Silk in 2006. She was elected vice-chairman of the Bar Council of Northern Ireland, 2014.
The Hon Madam Justice McBride was called to the Bar in 1989 and took Silk in 2011. She was vice-chairman of the Bar Council of Northern Ireland, 2012-14.
Labels: Judicial
Patrick Carlin VC
PRIVATE PATRICK CARLIN VC
Patrick Carlin was born in 1832 at Belfast. When he was about 26 years old, he served as a private soldier in 1st Battalion, The 13th Foot, later known as The Somerset Light Infantry (Prince Albert's).
In 1858, during the Indian Mutiny at Azumgurh, India, Private Carlin carried out the deed for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross:
The Commander-in-Chief in India directs that the undermentioned Soldier, of the 13th Foot, be presented, in the name of Her Most Gracious Majesty, with a Medal of the Victoria Cross, for valour and daring in the field, viz.: Private Patrick Carlin, No 3611, of the 13th Foot, for rescuing, on the 6th of April, 1858, a wounded Naick of the 4th Madras Rifles, in the field of battle, after killing, with the Naick's sword, a mutineer sepoy, who fired at him whilst bearing off his wounded comrade on his shoulders.
Patrick Carlin died in the Belfast Union Infirmary on 11th May, 1895, and was buried in the Friar's Bush graveyard, Stranmillis Road, Belfast. There is no memorial.
His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Somerset Light Infantry Museum, Taunton, Somerset.
Labels: Ulster VCs
Yakety Sax!
Last night we had hoped to dine at Avenida restaurant, Corralejo, though it was fully booked by six forty-five and there was a queue.
Consequently, we opted instead to walk the short distance to Calle Iglesia, where the street band La Familia Flotante would be performing later.
My friends and I ate at an Italian street restaurant called, I think, El Burro Loco.
Corralejo has a large Italian community.
We all had pasta and the wine, a little Sicilian number, was dearer than the food.
I find that pasta tends to cool very rapidly if the plate or dish is not hot.
Don't tell me that scorching hot plates are banned for Health & Safety reasons!
At any rate the meal was perfectly satisfactory, as was the €22 bottle of white wine.
Thereafter we strolled up the street to the Bar Bouganville and found ringside seats or, to be more precise, rattan chairs, for the performance by La Familia Flotante.
This great band consists of saxophonist, guitarist, drummer, tom-tom player, and female singer.
The final piece is usually Yakety Sax, better known as the Benny Hill theme tune.
New DL
APPOINTMENT OF DEPUTY LIEUTENANT
Mr Denis Desmond CBE, Lord-Lieutenant of County Londonderry, has been pleased to appoint
MRS HELEN MARK DL
to be a Deputy Lieutenant of the said County, her Commission bearing date 29th October, 2015.
Daniel Cambridge VC
YEOMAN DANIEL CAMBRIDGE VC
Daniel Cambridge (1820-82) was born at Carrickfergus, County Antrim, son of Archibald Cambridge and Bridget (nee Murray).
Attesting at Lisburn, County Antrim, in 1839, he gave his occupation as labourer. He is recorded as being 5' 8" tall, with a fresh complexion, dark grey eyes and brown hair.
He enlisted four days later, as a Driver and Gunner in the 4th Battalion, Royal Regiment of Artillery. Having served with 2nd Company, 4th Battalion, in Malta (1841-47), Cambridge was then posted to Canada with the 7th Battalion, in 1848.
In 1849, he married Ann Bigham, daughter of James Bigham, at Notre-Dame de Québec, Quebec, Canada.
In 1853, Cambridge's posting to Canada came to an end and he and Ann, now expecting their first child, found themselves on the way to England and the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, the home of the Royal Artillery.
He was 35 years old and a bombardier in the Royal Regiment of Artillery when he carried out the actions during the Crimean War for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross.
On 8th September, 1855, at Sebastopol, Crimea, Cambridge volunteered for the spiking party on the assault on the Redan.
He remained with the party after being severely wounded twice, but had refused to leave until the general retirement was ordered, and even then he repeatedly went back into the open to carry wounded men to safety.
In the latter part of the day, he sprang forward to bring in another wounded man. While carrying the helpless infantryman to the safety of the trench, Cambridge was seen to stagger.
Subsequently, he was found to have been shot a third time, in his right jaw, and, incapacitated, he took no further part in the action.
...For having volunteered for the spiking party at the assault on the Redan, 8 September 1855, and continuing therewith, after being severely wounded; and for having, in the after part of the same day, gone out in front of the advanced trench, under a heavy fire, to bring in a wounded man, in performing which service, he was himself severely wounded a second time.
In 1857, Cambridge was promoted to Master Gunner with the 8th Coastal Battery, Athlone, County Roscommon; and in 1862 he was posted to Fort Tarbert, County Kerry.
Daniel Cambridge VC was pensioned as a Master Gunner after completing thirty-two years' service, in 1871.
In that same year he was appointed to The Queen's Bodyguard of the Yeomen of the Guard.
Yeoman Cambridge died from the wounds received in the Crimean War in 1882, at 57 Frederick Place, Plumstead, aged 62 years.
He was survived by his wife Ann, and their children William (born in Woolwich in 1854), Mary (Athlone 1857), Agnes (Athlone 1859), Daniel (Athlone 1861), Catherine (Tarbert 1865) and Elizabeth (Tarbert 1865).
His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Artillery Museum, Woolwich, London.
Ugly Duckling: III
I spent a delightful evening yesterday with friends at The Ugly Duckling restaurant in Corralejo, Fuerteventura.
We arrived at eight o'clock.
Henrik welcomed us warmly, as usual, and poured us a refreshing glass of Cava.
We decided to have two starters between he three of us: garlic prawns, and the green salad.
I chose the pork tenderloin, with creamed potato, spinach, and béarnaise butter.
We drank Rioja wine.
Henrik was ever the exemplary host, attending to our needs regularly.
Our meal concluded with a little shot glass of Henrik's own licorice liqueur.
Thence we walked round the corner of the street to a little pavement café, where we had coffee and enjoyed an outstanding performance by a local band, the saxophonist of whom seems to be the leader.
The Constitutional
Taking the Constitutional in the morning, I frequently pass Corralejo's long-established Avenida restaurant.
The unassuming Avenida is off the beaten tourist track; though those enlightened cognoscenti know the reason for its deserved celebrity.
Further along the street, windmills are now a feature of the old town.
The first boutique hotel opened about a year ago. Today a second one is taking shape along the promenade at an old quay.
There once was an ugly duckling ...
... soon to be transformed at the premises of the erstwhile Café Lounge Bar where Stefan was Mine Host for many years.
This handsome little two-seater MG stood outside an apartment block en route.


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Jon Chait and Alex Pareene
I have a Jon Chait problem. I generally agree with him on most issues. I find him very provocative. I am very sure that no one cares about my opinion about Chait's latest post. That includes me. I don't want to waste time thinking about the exactly how far I agree with him. But here I am.
I also have a vaguely favorable view of Alex Pareene, but don't read him much. I was very entertained by his mild mannered amused Phillipic on Chait "You Are Jonathan Chait's Enemy".
There is one marginally interesting sub-topic. It appears that Pareene and Chait can't both be right, but I am confident they are.
Pareene wrote "I say "you" because his conception of the left almost certainly includes you. ... He means basically anyone to the left of Bill Clinton in 1996. " Chait wrote " (I allegedly oppose "basically anyone to the left of Bill Clinton in 1996," which is odd, because I was to the left of Bill Clinton in 1996, and still am.)"
I see no contradiction. I think Chait was to the left of Clinton in 1996 and also that he considers anyone who goes out of her way to note that she is to the left of Clinton's positions as of 1996 to be a dangerous lefty. So the "basically" is a vague hint at "who is to the left of Bill Clinton in 1996 and says so even when not accused of being as far right as Bill Clinton in 1996".
Notably, Chait's point (such as it is) is that he supports Barack Obama and so do the vast majority of Democrats. This is true. It is also true that in "The Audacity of Hope" Obama hinted at some sort of praise for Clinton for the 1996 welfare reform. I am sure Obama would have voted against in 1996. I am fairly sure he would have vetoed 3 GOP welfare reform bills not just 2 as Clinton did. But he was not audacious enough to hint at any such doubts. I am quite sure that Chait would consider some statements dangerously left wing and disqualifying, even if he agrees they are true. This is Pareene's claim.
Now, I agree with Obama's not so audacious choice, and agree with Chait. In any case I wouldn't vote to nominate a candidate who says what I think about immigration (it should be allowed without any restrictions) or foreign aid (the foreign aid budget should be increased at least 10 fold). Where I differ with Chait is that he doesn't just demand moderation from candidates but also from commentators (other than Chait).
I took the one interesting bit off the end of a long boring post, which continues below.
I think I agree with Pareene. In particular, I think Pareene is right that his quotation of Chait is key to understanding Chait "the new breed of left-wing activists who are flexing their muscles within the party. These are exactly the sorts of fanatics who tore the party apart in the late 1960s and early 1970s. They think in simple slogans and refuse to tolerate any ideological dissent."
Chait strongly disapproves of such people and fears them. However, he never names them. This violates Chait's rule of polemic. He asserted that left bloggers were such people. Then when challenged read the lefty blogs & found they weren't far left radicals (yet) and asserted that they would become far left radicals. Then when challenged further read further and found many were wonks, divided the left blogosphere into the wonkosphere (analysts) & the net roots (advocates) then denounced the net roots for being advocates not analysts. His research lead to a tautology, unless he is willing to argue that there should be no advocacy organizations (which would render any discussion of the proper future for the Democratic party moot).
Interestingly Chait seems unable to even understand what Pareene is trying to tell Chait about Chait. He thinks Pareene's point is that the future of the Democratic party is named Bernie Sanders. I didn't detect any such opinion in Pareene's post. Indeed (I admitted above I don't read Pareene much) I have no idea who he supports for 2020 Democratic nominee.
Chait argues that Pareene is wrong to suggest "The other politician supposedly representing my worldview is Lieberman. (In fact, while my editor endorsed Lieberman for president in 2004, I wrote a dissent saying Democrats would be crazy to nominate him.)"
Just above the quote of Chait which I requoted Pareene wrote "The rest of this column is dedicated to listing the many ways in which Joe Lieberman, then engaged in a bitter primary fight, was a terrible Democrat.
Chait's claim about Pareenes alleged claim about Chait's views of Lieberman is plainly obviously 100% false. I can understand that people don't respond calmly to harsh criticism, but his failure of reading comprehension is amazing.
Actually there is an even more striking proof of this. Pareene's preceding sentence is "Here is a very instructive passage from a column he wrote in 2006." Chait conflated 2004 and 2006. How did that happen ? For one thing, he seems to have entirely forgotten what he wrote in 2006 and, in particular, that he wrote it in 2006.
Pareene continued "It is overly simplistic to reduce the fight over the identity of the Democratic Party to Joe Lieberman on the one hand and Bernie Sanders on the other, but if, purely as a thought experiment, those were the only two futures on offer, it's clear which one Jonathan Chait would pick. He would rather belong to the party of Joe Lieberman. If you wouldn't, then you're the sort of person he has spent his career fighting against."
Lieberman responded "It is common to read Sandernistas describing the Democratic electorate as if Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders were the only two choices available." But Pareene explicitly said the choice isn't Bernie Sanders or someone else. He was talking about a thought experiment.
His points are that Pareene is a "Berniecrat". This may be true (I will check) but has nothing to do with Pareene's post about Chait. He notes that Barack Obama is very popular and is not Bernie Sanders. This has even less do do with Pareene's post. I am quite sure he is sincere, but I think he can't understand Pareene's criticism, because he doesn't understand himself and how strange his obsession with the late 60s & early 70s seems to people who are younger than he is (and to me -- I don't confidently claim to be younger than he is).
The Wire meets the GOP


text:
Belinda Wheeler
Associate Professor Of English
Claflin U
Commons username: @bwheeler
Twitter handle: BWheeler_PhD
LinkedIn URL: belinda-wheeler-5b85b867
Following 167 members
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2011 Ph.D. English, Southern Illinois University Carbondale.
Dissertation: Expansive Modernism: Female Editors, Little Magazines, and
New Book Histories.
Major area: Twentieth-Century American Literature
1st minor area: Multi-Ethnic Literature
2nd minor area: Rhetoric and Composition
2008 M.A. English, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis.
2006 B.A., summa cum laude, English, Purdue University North Central.
Books (in print)
A Companion to the Works of Kim Scott. Camden House, 2016.
The success of A Companion to Australian Aboriginal Literature (see below) met the immediate need in Australian, World, and Indigenous literature markets, but with the growing interest in this community there are now increased opportunities for specific books that focus on key individuals within the canon. One contemporary Aboriginal Australian author who continues to make a decisive impact on both the Australian and the global canon is Kim Scott (1957- ). Scott's novels have won countless awards, including Australia's highest literary award, the prestigious Miles Franklin Award, twice (in 2000 for his landmark novel Benang and again in 2011 for his highly acclaimed novel That Deadman Dance), and the Commonwealth Writers' Prize for the best book in Southeast Asia and the Pacific (That Deadman Dance). Scott has also published in other literary genres including poetry, short stories, children's literature, and on Indigenous health. Despite national and international acclaim for his literary contribution, there was previously no comprehensive critical companion that contextualizes his work for scholars, students (undergraduate and graduate), and general readers. A Companion to the Works of Kim Scott fills this void by providing a collection of twelve original essays that focus on Scott's novels, short stories, poetry, and work with the Wirlomin Noongar language project and Indigenous health. The companion also includes an original interview with the author, conducted by the companion's editor.
A Companion to Australian Aboriginal Literature, editor. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2013. Paperback edition was released in August 2015.
http://www.camden-house.com/store/viewItem.asp?idProduct=14705
Aboriginal literature is central to Australia's culture, yet it has only recently come into its own as a recognized canon. This companion, the first of its kind, traces the development of Aboriginal literacy from the oral tradition up until today and includes detailed critical examinations of the various genres in which Australian Aboriginal authors have excelled, including autobiography, poetry, drama, fiction, film, and music. The companion makes a strong contribution to Australian, multi-ethnic, and transnational literature.
Books (under contract)
Gwendolyn Bennett: The Harlem Renaissance's Quintessential Poet, Artist, Editor, and Columnist. University Press of Mississippi. Expected release date: mid-2017.
Bennett (1902-1981) was a key figure in the development of the Harlem Renaissance and was a mainstay in the Harlem arts and education communities long after the Renaissance ended. Though Bennett was highly renowned, particularly in the 1920s and 1930s, she has yet to reach the literary heights of other Renaissance artists, such as Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Countee Cullen. With no significant
scholarly treatment of Bennett's diverse accomplishments completed to date, this book fills an important gap in the history of African American art, poetry, and editorship during and after the Harlem Renaissance.
Articles (in print)
"Gwendolyn Bennett: A Leading Voice of the Harlem Renaissance." The Blackwell Companion to the Harlem Renaissance. Ed. Cherene Sherrard. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015. 203-218.
"An Interview with Jeanine Leane." Antipodes. 28.1 (June 2014): 173-182.
"Gwendolyn Bennett's 'The Ebony Flute.'" PMLA. 128.3 (May 2013): 744-755.
"Gwendolyn Bennett's Anniversary Issue of 'The Ebony Flute.'" MAPS (Modern American Poetry Site). Ed. Cary Nelson. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. 2013. 2,000 words.
"Gwendolyn Bennett's Career: A Brief Snapshot." MAPS (Modern American Poetry Site).
Ed. Cary Nelson. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. 2013. 1,500 words.
"Lola Ridge's Pivotal Editorial Role at Broom." PMLA. 127.2 (March 2012): 283-291.
"Female Aboriginal Narratives: Helping Reshape Australia." Reading Down Under:
Australian Literary Studies Reader. Ed. Amit Sarwal and Reema Sarwal. New Delhi: SSS Publications, 2009. 236-242.
"Aboriginal Mothering: An Australian Perspective." Until our Hearts are on the Ground:
Aboriginal Mothering: Oppression, Resistance and Transformation. Ed. Dawn Memee
Lavell-Harvard and Jeannette Corbiere Lavell. Toronto: Demeter Press – York
University, 2006. 125-137.
Articles (under contract)
"The Aboriginal Novel." (co-written with Peter Minter, U of Sydney) The Oxford History of the Novel in English. Eds. Patrick Parrinder, Coral Ann Howells, Paul Sharrad, Gerry Turcotte. 2016. 7,000 words.
"Redeeming Hemingway and his Women: Periodicals as Sites of Change in the American Literature Classroom." Teaching Hemingway and Gender and Sexuality. Ed. Verna Kale and Mark Ott. Kent State UP, 2016. 4,000 words.
"An Interview with Heat and Light Author Ellen van Neerven." Antipodes. Forthcoming. 3,000 words.
@bwheeler


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Are You Applying Your Deodorant Wrong?
When to Apply Deodorant | MIMI
July 31, 2015 by MIMI
Deodorant is something we put on every day, but are we using it properly? MIMI is setting the record straight about when we should apply antiperspirant.
Right around the time I hit puberty, my mom took me to the drugstore and told me to pick out a deodorant "because it was time." Clearly she was trying to avoid simply saying, "Kid, you stink."
Back then Mennen was courting young consumers with their Teen Spirit line of antiperspirant deodorant, packaged in pinks and purple while boasting names like Orchard Blossom. I was 10 and nothing seemed more grownup than using something meant for teenagers. I was so naïve. It was like they were speaking directly to me.
Fast forward more than two decades later and, like most first world citizens, I continue to swipe my deodorant on daily, albeit now with products that are a little more grown up. So you can imagine my surprise when I came across The Verge's piece on how, as a society, we've been using antiperspirant wrong all of this time. How is that possible?
After reading the directions on his antiperspirant, author Chris Plante discovered we're supposed to apply the product at night before we go to bed in an effort to clog the sweat ducts under our arms. It's this specifically-timed use of antiperspirant that allows it to set up so that moisture can't escape the body.
But don't those ducts serve a certain purpose? If moisture can't escape the body at all, is that even healthy?
I immediately grabbed my stick of deodorant to check for similar instructions. Mine simply stated: "Apply to underarms only."
Curious for more information, I quizzed a couple of dermatologists on the subject, both of whom seem to disagree with the directive on Plante's antiperspirant.
"No, it's not necessary to use deodorant at nighttime," says Dr. Julia Tzu, founder and Medical Director of Wall Street Dermatology in New York. "Perspiration levels are not as high compared to daytime and usually the 'deodorizing' is most important during the daytime. While using it occasionally at bedtime is not harmful, use of deodorants around the clock may be an additional source of unnecessary irritation to the skin."
Dr. Alan M. Dattner of Holistic Dermatology, also in New York, agrees, citing the potentially harmful effects of deodorants which may contain aluminum.
"Deodorants usually refer to a combination of antiperspirant and odor reducer," he says. "Antiperspirants coagulate proteins in the sweat ducts, so there is no reason to apply this at night. In fact, they should be used as infrequently as possible. There are some health questions about applying aluminum, where it can get absorbed, on a daily basis."
What Tzu does recommend, however, is avoiding the application of deodorant to sweaty skin (and you know we've all been guilty of throwing it on quickly post workout at some point).
"One should clean the skin prior to application of deodorant to avoid cross contamination of the deodorant itself," she says.
Simple soap and water should do the trick for getting your underarms ready for application, no need to get too aggressive with antibacterial wipes to prep the area. Tzu says topical antibiotics are mainly helpful with eliminating body odors when deodorants can't be used because of skin irritation.
Whew, now I can rest easy tonight, without applying deodorant before I slide into bed.
Check out more from MIMI:
Here's How to Clean Up Your Beauty Routine
The Cure to Boob Sweat
Antiperspirant Options Worth Considering
Image Source: POPSUGAR Photography
Body CareHealth AdviceDeodorant
Bath & Body Works' Bake Shop Just Released the Sweetest New Scents in Time For Valentine's Day
Is Your Knee Pain Worse at Night? A Physical Therapist Explains Why That Might Be
by Victoria Moorhouse 3 weeks ago
Nausea Is a Common Migraine Side Effect — Here's What You Can Do to Stop It
Toothaches Can Be So Uncomfortable — Here's How to Relieve the Pain Fast
by Victoria Moorhouse 12/11/20
2 Reasons Why Your Teeth Can Actually Cause a Headache
Exactly What Causes Cavities — and Why You Might Keep Getting Them


text:
Maneuver warfare, or manoeuvre warfare, is a military strategy which seeks to shatter the enemy's overall
cohesion and will to fight.

Background

Maneuver warfare, the use of initiative, originality and the unexpected, combined with a ruthless determination to succeed, seeks to avoid opponents' strengths while exploiting their weaknesses and attacking their critical vulnerabilities and is the conceptual opposite of attrition warfare. Rather than seeking victory by applying superior force and mass to achieve physical destruction, maneuver uses preemption, deception, dislocation, and disruption to destroy the enemy's will and ability to fight.

Historically, maneuver warfare was stressed by small militaries, more cohesive, better trained, or more technologically advanced than attrition warfare counterparts. The term "tactical maneuver" is used by maneuver warfare theorists to refer to movement by forces to gain "advantageous position relative to the enemy," as opposed to its use in the phrase "maneuver warfare."

The idea of using rapid movement to keep an enemy off balance is as old as war itself. However, advanced technology, such as the development of cavalry and mechanized vehicles, has led to an increased interest in the concepts of maneuver warfare and in its role on modern battlefields.

Concepts
Although most battles between established armies have historically been fought based on attrition warfare strategies, many military doctrines and cultures are based on replete historical examples of maneuver warfare.

The view on attrition warfare involves moving masses of men and materiel against enemy strongpoints, with the emphasis on the destruction of the enemy's physical assets, success as measured by enemy combatants killed, equipment and infrastructure destroyed, and territory taken or occupied. Attrition warfare tends to use rigidly-centralized command structures that require little or no creativity or initiative from lower-level leadership (also called top-down or "command push" tactics).

Conventional warfare doctrine identifies a spectrum with attrition warfare and maneuver warfare on opposite ends. In attrition warfare, the enemy is seen as a collection of targets to be found and destroyed. It exploits maneuver to bring to bear firepower to destroy enemy forces. Maneuver warfare, on the other hand, exploits firepower and attrition on key elements of opposing forces.

Maneuver warfare suggest that strategic movement can bring the defeat of an opposing force more efficiently than simply contacting and destroying enemy forces until they can no longer fight. Instead, in maneuver warfare, the destruction of certain enemy targets, such as command and control centers, logistical bases, or fire support assets, is combined with isolation of enemy forces and the exploitation by movement of enemy weaknesses.

Bypassing and cutting off enemy strongpoints often results in the collapse of that strongpoint even where the physical damage is minimal, such as the Maginot Line. Firepower, primarily used to destroy as many enemy forces possible in attrition warfare, is used to suppress or destroy enemy positions at breakthrough points during maneuver warfare. Infiltration tactics, conventionally or with special forces, may be used extensively to cause chaos and confusion behind enemy lines.

The retired officer and military theory author Robert Leonhard summarizes maneuver warfare theory as "preempt, dislocate, and disrupt" the enemy as alternatives to the destruction of enemy mass through attrition warfare.

Since tempo and initiative are so critical to the success of maneuver warfare, command structures tend to be more decentralized with more tactical freedom given to lower-level unit leaders. Decentralized command structures allows "on the ground" unit leaders but still works within the guidelines of the commander's overall vision, to exploit enemy weaknesses as they become evident, which is also called "recon-pull" tactics or directive control.

The war theorist Martin van Creveld identifies six main elements of maneuver warfare:
 Tempo: as illustrated by John Boyd's OODA loop.
 Schwerpunkt (focal point): the center of effort, or striking the enemy at the right place at the right time. According to van Creveld, ideally, a spot that is both vital and weakly defended.
 Surprise: Leaving the enemy unable to counter an action is central to any maneuver, and may be achieved by their remaining unaware for as long as possible
 Combined arms: the use of multiple means by which to attack the enemy creates an opportunity cost to any reaction. Should the enemy counter against one form of attack, they may leave themselves vulnerable to another. Additionally, different forms of attack may support each other through concurrent action (ex: Infantry supporting armor in such a way that the infantry has more available firepower, and the armor has protection from ambush)
 Flexibility: a military must be well rounded, self-contained and redundant. By maintaining different avenues of attack, either in method, movement, or any other factor, alternatives are always available, and opportunities can always be seized
 Decentralized command: rapidly changing situations may outpace the orders of a centralized command, leaving personnel with instructions that no longer apply. Lower levels of command must understand overall intent so as to adapt to a changing environment.

History

Early examples of maneuver

For most of history, armies were slower than a marching soldier, making it possible for opposing armies to march around each other as long as they wished. Supply conditions often decided where and when the battle would finally start. Prehistorically, that began to change with the domestication of the horse, the invention of chariots, and increasing military use of cavalry. It had two major uses: to attack and use its momentum to break infantry formations and to use the advantage of speed to cut communications and isolate formations for later defeat in detail.

One of the most famous early maneuver tactics was the double envelopment. It was used by Hannibal, against the Romans, at the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC, and by Khalid ibn al-Walid, against the Persian Empire at the Battle of Walaja in 633 AD.

The retreat of the center of the Athenian and Platean citizen-soldiers (Hoplites) at the battle of Marathon against the forces of Datis in 490 BC, and subsequent pincer movements by Athenian forces on the flanks, used a similar tactic. The intention was to bring the Persian core forces forward—Persian and Saka axemen. The Hoplite flanks would then drive off their opposite numbers and enveloped the Persian center. Before the battle, Datis had re-embarked his cavalry—to which the hoplite formations had little real defense—which substantially weakened his position.

Khalid's invasion of Roman Syria in July 634—by invading Syria from an unexpected direction, the Syrian desert—is another example of taking enemy defenses by surprise. While the Byzantine army held the Muslim forces in southern Syria and had expected reinforcement from the conventional Syria-Arabia road in the south, Khalid, who was in Iraq, marched through the Syrian desert and entered northern Syria, completely taking the Byzantines by surprise and cutting off their communications with northern Syria.

Mongol use of maneuver warfare

The Mongol emperor Genghis Khan used a military system of maneuver warfare that focused on rapid, decisive maneuver, utilizing the skill and endurance of his Mongol horsemen. He used operational maneuver, command and control, deception, and precise battlefield tactics which were vastly superior to those of his opponents in China, Russia, Persia, and Eastern Europe and defeated virtually every enemy army that he faced.

An example of his usage of maneuver warfare was the defeat and annexation of the Khwarazmian Empire between 1219 to 1221 CE, which wielded an army nearly three times the Mongol army, in just a few months of fighting. The Mongol army's constant movement and maneuvering tied down the Khwarazmian forces, denying them the ability to gain the initiative as well as shocked and demoralized the Khwarazmian Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad as well as his army, thus ending the campaign before the Shah could bring to bear his much larger numbers.

Napoleon's use of maneuver

Similar strategies are also possible using suitably trained infantry. Napoleon I used preemptive movements of cavalry and fast infantry to interrupt the initial deployment of enemy forces. This allowed his forces to attack where and when he wanted, enabling force concentration, possibly in combination with advantage of terrain. It disabled effective coordination of enemy forces, even when they were superior in numbers. That was effective tactically and strategically.

During his time as a general and indeed his power base to become the head of France, Napoleon's reputation was based on a powerful and fluent campaign in northern Italy, opposing the numerically superior Austrians. He cited Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne as one major source of his strategy.

He trained a normal, if rather undisciplined, French Army of Italy into moving faster than most thought possible. That was partially because his army lived off the land and had no big logistical "tail." Both his ability to move huge armies to give battle where he wanted and the style of his choice would become legendary, and he was seen as undefeatable, even against larger and superior forces.

Napoleon also arranged his forces into what would be known in the present as "battle groups" of combined arms formations to allow faster reaction time to enemy action. That strategy is an important quality in supporting the effectiveness of maneuver warfare and was used again by Carl von Clausewitz.

Napoleon's principal strategy was to move fast to engage before the enemy had time to organise, to engage lightly while moving to turn the flank that defended the main resupply route, to envelop and deploy blocking forces to prevent reinforcement, and to defeat those contained in the envelopment in detail. All of those activities imply faster movement than the enemy as well as faster reaction times to enemy activities.

His use of fast mass marches to gain strategic advantage, cavalry probes, and screens to hide his movements; deliberate movement to gain psychological advantage by isolating forces from one another; and their headquarters are all hallmarks of maneuver warfare. One of his major concerns was the relatively slow speed of infantry movement relative to the cavalry.

It was that and subsequent defeats that caused a major doctrinal reevaluation by the Prussians under Clausewitz of the revealed power of maneuver warfare. The results of that review were seen in the Franco-Prussian War.

Mechanization of maneuver

In the mid-19th century, various forms of mechanized transport were introduced, starting with trains running on steam power. That resulted in  significant logistic improvements. Opposing armies were no longer limited in speed by the pace of march. Some train-borne maneuvering took place during the American Civil War in the 1860s, but the sizes of the armies involved meant that the system could provide only limited support. Armored trains were among the first armored fighting vehicles employed by mankind.

During the Franco-Prussian War, the Prussians, knowing that the French could field a larger army than theirs, made a plan that required speed by surrounding the French strongpoints and destroying or bypassing them; it was called the Kesselschlacht, or "cauldron battle". The remainder of the army could advance unopposed to take important objectives. If war was declared, Prussia could quickly mobilize and invade, destroy French field forces, and win before the French army could fully react. That tactic was used to devastating effect in 1870 since Prussian forces surrounded and defeated French forces, captured Napoleon III and besieged Paris. The Germans' battle plans for World War I were similar. Germany attempted to repeat the "knock-out blow" against the French armies in the Schlieffen Plan. However, technology evolved significantly in the preceding four decades; both the machine gun and more powerful artillery shifted the balance of power toward the defense. All combatants were desperate to get the front moving again, but that proved to be difficult.

Germany introduced new tactics with infiltration and stormtrooper "shock troops" toward the end of World War I to bypass resistance. Russian General Aleksei Brusilov used similar tactics in 1916 on the Eastern Front during the Brusilov Offensive.

The introduction of fully armored tanks, in a series of increasingly successful operations, presented a way out of the deadlock of attrition and trench warfare, but World War I ended before the British would field thousands of tanks to be put in a large-scale offense. Fuller had proposed Plan 1919 to use tanks to break through the lines and then to wreak havoc on the German lines of supply and communication.

During the interwar period, the British developed ideas for fully-mechanized all-arms warfare with the Experimental Mechanized Force. The Germans reviewed their doctrine and revised their approach by expanding on infiltration tactics and amplifying them with motor transport. Heinz Guderian was a leading proponent of armored combat. The German military stressed several key elements: versatile tanks combined with mobile infantry and artillery, close air support, rapid movement and concentration of forces (Schwerpunkt), and aggressive independent local initiative. All was strictly coordinated by radio and contributed to new tactics during the Battle of France in 1940. Theories in Germany about armored warfare have some similarities with interwar theories of British officers J.F.C. Fuller and B. H. Liddell Hart, which the British army failed to embrace and understand fully.

There are similarities between blitzkrieg and the Soviet concept of "Deep Battle," which the Soviets used to great effect in 1944 and continued to use as a doctrine during the Cold War.

Soviet Deep Battle
In the Soviet Union during the 1920s and the 1930s, the concept of "Deep Battle" was developed and integrated into the Red Army field regulations doctrine by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky. That led to the creation of cavalry mechanised groups during World War II and to operational maneuver groups during the Cold War.

US Marine Corps doctrine of maneuver
According to the US Marine Corps, one key concept of maneuver warfare is that maneuver is traditionally thought of as a spatial concept, the use of maneuver to gain positional advantage. The US Marine concept of maneuver, however, is a "warfighting philosophy that seeks to shatter the enemy's cohesion through a variety of rapid, focused, and unexpected actions which create a turbulent and rapidly deteriorating situation with which the enemy cannot cope."

The US Marine manual goes on to say: "This is not to imply that firepower is unimportant. On the contrary, firepower is central to maneuver warfare. Nor do we mean to imply that we will pass up the opportunity to physically destroy the enemy. We will concentrate fires and forces at decisive points to destroy enemy elements when the opportunity presents itself and when it fits our larger purposes."

The possibility of a massive Soviet offensive in Western Europe led to the creation of the US Army's AirLand battle doctrine. Though far from focusing on maneuver, it emphasized using combined arms to disrupt an enemy's plan by striking through their depth and was seen as moving toward maneuver warfare in comparison to the earlier Active Defense concept. The AirLand doctrine was seen by Martin van Creveld as "arguably a half way house between maneuver and attrition."

British air manoeuvre doctrine
The British Joint Forces are limited to consider air assault or airmobile operations in their 2016 publication "Joint Doctrine Note on Air Manoeuvre".

Limitations of maneuver in a modern context

A key requirement for success in maneuver warfare is up-to-date accurate intelligence on the disposition of key enemy command, support, and combat units. In operations whose intelligence is either inaccurate, unavailable, or unreliable, the successful implementation of strategies based on maneuver warfare can become problematic. When faced with a maneuverable opponent capable of redeploying key forces quickly and discreetly or when tempered, the capacity of maneuver warfare strategies to deliver victory becomes more challenging.

The 2006 Lebanon War is an example of such shortcomings have being exposed. Despite overwhelming firepower and complete air superiority, Israeli forces were unable to deliver a decisive blow to the command structure of Hezbollah or to degrade its effective capacity to operate. Although inflicting heavy damage, Israel was unable to locate and destroy Hezbollah's diluted force dispositions or to neutralize key command centers. Therefore, it did not meet its war aims. The insurgency in Iraq also demonstrates that a military victory over an opponent's conventional forces does not automatically translate into a political victory.

Some military theorists such as William Lind and Colonel Thomas X. Hammes propose to overcome the shortcomings of maneuver warfare with the concept of what they call fourth generation warfare. For example, Lieutenant-Colonel S.P. Myers writes that "maneuver is more a philosophical approach to campaign design and execution than an arrangement of tactical engagements". Myers goes on to write that maneuver warfare can evolve and that "maneuverist approach in campaign design and execution remains relevant and effective as a counter-insurgency strategy at the operational level in contemporary operations."

See also
 Blitzkrieg
 Charge
 Combined arms
 Decision cycle
 Defeat in detail
 Flanking maneuver
 Historical examples of flanking maneuvers
 OODA loop
 Pincer movement
 Russian military deception

References

Sources
 Boyd, John. Patterns of Conflict. 1986.
 Simpkin, Richard E. Race to the Swift: Thoughts on Twenty-First Century Warfare. Brassey's, 2000.
 Richard Simpkin in association with John Erickson  Deep Battle: The Brainchild of Marshal Tukhachevskii, London, Brassey's Defence, 1987.
 Lind, William S. Maneuver Warfare Handbook. 1985. Westview Special Studies in Military Affairs. Westview Press Inc. Boulder, CO.
 Leonhard, Robert.The Art of Maneuver: Maneuver-Warfare Theory and Air-Land Battle.  1991. Presidio Press. Novato, CA.

Military strategy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The mountains of the Sierra de Gredos lie to the north west of Madrid and regularly feature in la Vuelta - the Tour of Spain. As well as providing the opportunity to tackle some interesting climbs on quiet roads, travelling west through the Sierra de Gredos leads to the fascinating area of northern Extremadura. The return to Madrid contoured the slopes of the hills to the south of the river Tajo, through some very quiet roads, eventually leading to Toledo and Madrid.
The mountains of the Sierra de Gudar and El Maestrazgo lie due north of Valencia. Maestrazgo spans the boundary between Aragon and Valencia. It is one of the most sparsely populated areas of Spain, rich in historic detail and with a fine network of roads that link the ancient villages. Returning to Valencia from the west, via the Sierra de Javalambre, provides access to some quite different but equally impressive roads and scenery.
This webpage is intended to provide information for cycle tourists who may be considering tours in the countries I've visited. For more information, journals and pictures leave a message in my guestbook or send me an email.
Although the tour that I had on the legendary climbs of the Tour de France in 2004 tempt me back to indulge in nostalgia, this year (2005) I decided to bicycle on the cols of the Giro d'Italia and the Tour de Suisse, and beside it to take part in the hard Fausto Coppi bicyclemarathon / gran fondo, which is a real challenge with its 187 km and has 4400m height difference.
Before the fantastic marathon, I bicycled to France to climb the Col de la Moutiere, and when I were there it was logical to climb also the 2802m Cime de la Bonette. Both cols are unforgettable.
Next to Briancon I enjoyed the nice Col du Granon (2413 m) which was not only steep but very beautiful. In 2005 at the Colle Finestre (Italia) there was a hard fight between profi Giro d'Italia racers; on my tour I had the most remarkable experience after a light rain, when the Sun could shine between the clouds.
In Switzerland I had cold weather for days, but I could climb nice cols. I loved Grimselm because I enjoyed very much the feeling of a triathlon race, and I loved Gotthard because its ``old'' feeling - thanks to the cobblestoned road.
In the last 3 days - through sunny weather - I went up to the legendary Passo Gavia, Passo Rombo / Timmelsjoch and last day the 2829m high Gletscherstrasse. The highest point on the last day!
Danube Bikeway starting from Passau, Germany to Vienna Austria.
In 2004 I succeeded in cycling through the French Alps, which had been one of my Great dream, plan for years. For years I felt that a tour in France can have more problems than in the nearer countries, but with the experiences of my tour in 2003 (along the Adria and to Montenegro), in 2004 I felt enough encourage to cycle up to the famous french cols. I had read a lot of travelogues (Trento Bike Pages, Velofahren.de, biketrip.org, etc.) and I tried to think about every problems which can occur through a French Alps tour: weather, busy campings, the effects of the Tour de France, and maybe some mechanical problems, etc.
In the first two days and in the last two days I had some problems, adventures, but just between the high mountains of the French Alps everything happened well. During the 12 days between the mountains, I climbed almost all of the passes / cols, that I planned for the whole tour, this means 21 serious ascents, 13 of them are above the height of 2000 m. The most famous cols where I cycled are: La Bonette (2802 m), Col du Galibier (2645 m) , Col d'Izoard (2361m) , Alpe d'Huez (1860m), Col de Iseran (2770m), Col Agnel (2744m), etc.
Although there was 1 or 2 rest days in the plan, as I didn't have any serious - whole day long - rain through the tour, every day I was riding my bicycle. The beautiful nature and the experiences, adventures, ascents gave my power to climb them. Usually 1-2 days with panniers were followed by a ``light'' day without panniers (but with 2 climbs).
A travel bike from Villa O'Higgins to Puerto Montt.
It began as a crazy idea whilst on holiday in France back in 2003 and within a couple of weeks had turned into a serious plan. Now after two years preparation and a couple of false starts we're finally off.
The plan is to ride from our home in Chesham to the south coast city of Portsmouth where we can catch a boat to Bilbao on the north coast of Spain. Then we'll cross France to the Black Forest in Germany where we can pick up the famous Danube cycle path which we plan to follow to east to Vienna. After that we want to spend a couple of months in the Alps before heading south for a lap of Italy. The final leg of the tour will see us cross France again to the Pyrenees before we head south to Spain where we plan to follow the coast round to Portugal and back into Northern Spain where we can catch the boat back to England.
It's just a hill, in the grand scheme of things. Only different. Not because it's 10,023ft at the summit, but because this is one of those rare mountains that you can literally start at sea level... well, not just sea level, but actually at the sea! You don't have to do the ride that way though; you can start at the base of Highway 37 (near the airport), and pretty much eliminate the chance of taking a wrong turn and adding another 1700ft to the climb. But what's the fun in that?
The climb isn't challenging because it's steep (it isn't), but rather the length. You start climbing and never, ever stop, until you reach the top. Lots and lots of photos on our page, along with a printout from a HAC-4 heart monitor/altimeter.
This was my second European bike tour, primarily following the Rhine and Mosel rivers. I started in Frankfurt, cycled down the Main to Mainz, then north along the Rhine to Koblenz. I then went up the Mosel Radweg as far as Metz, France, took a train over the Vosges mountains to Savern, then followed the Marne au Rhin canal to Strasbourg. I concluded my trip by again following the Rhine, back to Mainz and Frankfurt.
These pages describe a week long cycle tour through Southern Tuscany in May 2005.
A number of the rides were inspired by Iris Origo's compelling description of life in Tuscany during the Second World War ('War in Val d'Orcia - An Italian War Diary - 1943-1944') and James Hudson's article ('Tuscany, the Hills, the Gelato') in the January/February 2005 issue of Adventure Cyclist which was illustrated by Sue Kemp's water colours.
A number of articles in rec.bicycles and rec.travel about the Oregon Coast inspired me to take my first long distance bicycle tour. I flew to Seattle from Denver on the 10th of July with a plane ticket to return from San Francisco on the 28th. If there was anything that I didn't like about this trip it was that deadline. I felt free except for the schedule I had to keep. This article is a personal narrative about my journey from Seattle to San Francisco following highways 101 and 1 along the Pacific Coast.
Every day is different. If you bring expectations from yesterday into a new day you increase the chance for disappointment and you waste time and energy trying to overcome that disappointment. Everyday unto itself.
This tour changed my life. I had never felt more alive. I left seeking a new way to see the world and I found me.
Comfortable, affordable motels are spaced every 20-30 miles and you can take either 2 or 3 days to ride the Gorge--surely one of America's most awesome cycling experiences. En route, I pedaled up two superbly scenic--and fairly gentle--climbs, each around 750-feet in elevation gain--and with stunning panoramas from both summits. Along the way, I also spent a couple of hours touring Bonneville Dam where salmon were leaping up fish ladders. My day-to-day report tells exactly how I made this two-day tour and it's packed with advice and map sources for anyone wishing to duplicate my route. (Tip: it's just a six-hour drive between the Gorge and Spokane WA, end of my ``Touring the Northwest'' trip (see report on home page menu) and you can squeeze both tours into a one week vacation.
New York State's long, spindly Finger Lakes are webbed by roads that take you pedaling along lakeshores or over rolling hills, past world-class vineyards and picturesque farms, to quaint towns and villages with elm-lined streets bordered by elegant Victorian houses and gardens. From high ridges, I viewed breathtaking panoramas of the sparkling lakes below. On quiet backroads, I met Amish carriages drawn by high-stepping horses. And I spent the final two days on a flat 90-mile ride along the car-free towpath of the Erie Canal, cycling next to a series of still-operating locks and 19th Century towns, each with a unique lift bridge across the Canal.
My trip took 14 days and covered nearly 600 miles and I spent each night at a comfortable, affordable motel in traditional towns like Auburn, Geneva, Watkins Glen, Penn Yann, Canandaigua, Brockport and Lockport. Small wonder this is one of America's most popular bike tours! And if you'd like to ride it yourself, my full report not only describes my day-to-day cycling experiences but also gives full map and info sources for duplicating my route on your own.
We take two weeks bike tour at Romania. We started our trip from Csík (Ciuc) basin, across Carpathians to Moldova (part of Romania). When we left Moldova, there was a terrible waterflood (you can see it in the pictures).
We joined three traditional dance festival: Csángó festival at Fundu Racaciun, an other at Ghimes, and Gipsy festival at Commandau, and recorded traditional folk songs, you can find them (and others) in our home page.
Up in Northern Idaho and Washington, a series of 4 car-free bike trails linked together form one of America's newest bicycle tours. My 4-day tour began high in the Bitteroot Mountains with a wildly scenic ride down the Milwaukee Road's Trail of the Hiawathas, former route of the famous Hiawatha Scenic Vista Dome train. The line went bankrupt in 1977 and the Hiawatha stopped running. Today, though, you can enjoy the same scenic adventure on a bicycle, including traveling through the same 9 cavernous tunnels and across the 7 high steel trestles used by the train.
Next, I rode a 12-mile stretch of the former Northern Pacific railbed through emerald forests then switched to a paved stretch of the former Union Pacific Road that led for 66 spectacular miles through a wilderness of tall mountain peaks, rivers, lakes and wetlands and past historic mining towns to the Victorian village of Harrison, perched on a hilltop overlooking beautiful Lake Coeur d'Alene. I completed the trip by riding another 62-miles on the paved Millenium Trail beside Lake Coeur d'Alene then west along a cascading river into Washington and the city of Spokane.
My day-by-day report not only describes how I biked this 160-mile tour but also gives full map and info sources for duplicating my route. Using a unique routing strategy, for instance, I was able to ride the whole way either on the flat or downhill. And I found comfortable motels or guest houses a day's ride apart the entire way.
Almost every year, I spend a bike touring vacation at Frisco CO, staying in the same motel while each day I bike out and back on a complex of paved, car-free bike trails that wind past colossal mountain scenery to famous ski resorts like Breckenridge, Keystone, Copper Mountain and Vail. One easy trail hugs the shore of huge Dillon Lake to Keystone. Another winds up to the posh resort of Breckenridge. And a third climbs through awesome Ten Mile Canyon to Copper Mountain and on up over Vail Pass (10,600 feet, 3250m) then drops down to the Alpine-style town of Vail.
Using fat tires, I usually spend a day cycling up the unpaved road to Boreas Pass (11,480 feet, 3500m) where America's highest railroad depot still stands. Then for a change, I'll rent a kayak and paddle around Dillon Lake for a few hours. But there's lots more. It's just an hour's drive to nearby Georgetown, an unchanged Victorian mining town and from here a paved bike trail leads up to Silver Plume, a fascinating old mining town still much as it was in 1880. Heading back down, a low-traffic paved road leads to Idaho Springs, your motel base for cycling America's highest paved road that leads for 28 miles to the summit of Mount Evans (14,264 feet, 4360m). And with a mountain bike, still more exciting rides await, all in a world class setting of breathtaking grandeur. My website describes how I biked each trail, then gives loads of advice, and full map and info sources, for riding these trails on your own.
Trail reports and best strategy for touring 4 of America's longest Rails-Trails conversions that take you cycling through America's rural heartland on former railroad beds, converted to car-free bike trails, with comfortable, affordable motels a day's ride apart. Day-by-day, these reports describe how I cycled each trail plus loads of info and advice for anyone wishing to cycle the same route.
The trails are: Root River Trail, 60 paved miles (100 kms) along Minnesota's beautiful Root River, 2 days, McElroy-Sparta, 105-mile (170kms) trail system along Mississippi River in Wisconsin, smooth-unpaved, 4 days (can be combined with Root River Trail), Mickelson Trail, 109-miles(175kms)on smooth, unpaved trail through historic, Gold Rush country of South Dakota's Black Hills, 3-4 days. The 225-mile (362-km) Katy Trail along the Missouri River in Missouri, smooth-unpaved, 4-5 days. All are fairly level, easy rides through historic railroad towns and scenic countryside rich in Americana and wildlife.
27 days of cycling throughout the Pyrenées and Cantabria (start and finish in Lourdes). On 27 days I cycled 4474 km (165,7 km/day); 83551m (3095m/day) (height meters) and visited ca. 241 cols. (Only counting the 24 full cycling days, I did 4131,5 km (172,1 km/day) and 77108m (3213m/day).) The longest day was 274,5 km from Esterri d'Aneu in Spain to Lourdes (via Mourenx). Max height meters on one day was 4270m. Got a gold classification in the l'Etape du Tour race (the day after cycling 274,5 km) on a half-decent time around 6h30mins (ca. 2 hours slower than the Tour de France winner this year). Steepest was the famous Angliru climb in Asturia (26%). Lots of facts, but some nice photos and stories.
22 full days of cycling (I cycled a little the first day upon arriving at Nice and cycled 81 km on a travel day). I visited around 115 mountain passes. A total of 3532 km for 22 days (161 km/day). I climbed ca. 73078 m (3322 m/day). Maximum inclination/steepness: walking: 33% up Col de Traversette in snow; 42% down Grand col de Ferret. Steepest cycling was perhaps up Monte Zoncolan with 6 km at around 15% on average. Most difficult was probably Koralpenstrasse with an average gradient of 11,2% for the final 14,4 km, which make it into one of the hardest climbs in the Alps that could be cycled with a normal racer cycle. From snow to blazing sun around Nice. From Nice to Lavamünd and back again.
Découvrir la Bretagne, ses paysages, ses traditions, ses légendes, sa culture en vélo avec une cycliste bretonne.
Landschaften, Traditionen und Legenden, Kultur: Die Bretagne mit einer Bretonin auf dem Fahrrad entdecken!
Unrelenting switchbacks, beautiful rugged peaks and the history of the Tour de France. 27 photos and movies (movie) by Steven Hill and Rebecca Heald.
The formidable reputation of the French Pyr´n´es is what intrigued me most. That the best cyclists appear to suffer like mere-mortals each year during the most crucial stages of the Tour de France is a sadistic lure of this great mountain range. Of course, I also wanted to check out, first hand, the beautiful, rugged scenery. My quiver of cycling climbs would be incomplete without the legendary Tourmalet, Ausbisque and so many others.
Diari di viaggio in bicicletta e con altri mezzi in Patagonia, Brasile, Stati Uniti ed Europa. Consigli utili sui viaggi in bicicletta, migliaia di immagini ed un forum per gli appassionati cicloviaggiatori.
A self-contained cyclecamping tour of Brittany in September 1999, lasting eleven days and 600 kilometres, with photos.
Lake Kerkini is a wetlands wildfowl reserve in Northern Greece, with a large variety of bird and other animal life, as well as a virtually traffic-free dirt road for most of its circumference. Ideal for a day's cycletour and some birdwatching. This is a description of the area, with photos, and some hints on making the most of a trip there.
The Axenstrasse is noted for its rugged cliffs that drop steeply to the dark green lake. The Gotthard railway lies below the road near the water, mostly in tunnels, while the road wound its way through short tunnels on the way to Flüelen in the Reuss valley. The Axenstrasse can best be appreciated from a bicycle with its view of towering snow capped peaks above the lake.
Pictures of my Alaska bike trip/honeymoon this summer.
Quest'anno mi sono spostato un po' più ad est, visitando il piccolo Liechtenstein e la parte occidentale dell'Austria, sino a Salisburgo, con un ulteriore sconfinamento nella Baviera meridionale. Sempre con la mia fida Cannondale F600, e con lo stesso bagaglio dello scorso anno.
Welcome to Jørn's cycling homepage. If you are searching for ride reports from The Great Trial of Strength and the Tour of Jotunheimen and general information about tours in Norway, you have come to the right place. You can also find information and result from the local races in Trondheim. You can also read more about Velocipede (tm), a Windows based training log program for cyclists, and the Rec.Bicycles.* FAQ file. If you are cycling the net, I also have a list of other cycling related sites around the world. Want to know more about my bikes?
Several times I have made cycle tours in Germany. The first time I had planned a route which went straight on, regardless of the landscape. I was soon told that it was wiser to follow rivers. Then I would have more gentle gradients, and the cycle tour would become much more pleasant. In summer 2004 when Turid and I made a cycle tour in Germany, we stuck to river valleys. Since my first cycle tours in the 1960s there has been a tremendous development regarding the infrastructure for cyclists in Germany. You will find cycle routes which go through the most interesting landscapes, and those cycle routes are even sign posted. Thus we could avoid roads with much traffic and stay on pathways where we met other cyclists, and we came closer to the nature.
The big picture was to fly into Amsterdam, take the train to Cologne, and then bike in 50km legs to Colmar (Alsace). Our intent was to bike up the Rhine from Cologne to Eltville (just shy of Mainz), leave the Rhine to continue south along the Weinstrasse ("wine road") through Bad Durkheim and Wissembourg into France, on to Strasbourg and then to Colmar. Our ultimate objective was the village of Eguisheim about 7 km outside Colmar, for a total distance of 500 km. If we made it that far we'd rest our legs and play the return by ear; if we didn't, we would park ourselves in a vineyard along the route and send postcards saying we'd made it to Switzerland! We decided to go "up" the Rhine rather than "down" for a couple of reasons, not the least of which was the north-to-south direction of the prevailing wind in the Rhine valley, which we judged would compensate for the slightly rising elevation .
Because we wanted to see the small villages, as well as select big cities, we decided that our best route through Italy was to zigzag across Umbria and Tuscany. The big cities on our list were Venice, Assisi, Florence, and Rome. Some of the surprisingly pleasant small towns in between included Urbino, Gubbio, and Poppi. Not a real straight line. We had planned on 60 mile days to give us time to be tourists. We discovered however that some days clocked in closer to 80 miles, and many days had between 4000 and 9000 feet of climb. Luckily the weather was conducive to riding - Sunny and 75, but in retrospect we would have preferred fewer miles each day. Italy is a country to savor.
Welcome to the diary from our 2004 trip to Italy. Our planned route was to travel up from Rome, following the coast for the first few days, then cutting in to Florence through Tuscany. We'd get back to Rome by looping down through Umbria.
In spring 2004, I spent 21 rewarding days cycling the most scenic sections of these picturesque German rivers that meander past historic towns like Tuebingen, Heidelberg and Koblenz. Nearly all the way, I rode on car-free bike paths that were mostly paved and free of big hills. Each night I stayed at a budget-priced hotel, often in the pedestrian-only center of medieval towns full of rambling, cobblestoned streets lined by half-timbered houses with tall, rakish roofs. And day after day, I pedalled along riverside bike paths that wound between steep, craggy hills with crenellated castles perched on cliffs high above the sparkling river. Half travelog, the rest of this report is packed with everything you need to know to duplicate my trip on your own.
I followed roughly the coastline of the Ireland, but I didn't see the sea in the first week because I cycled trough the interior of the island, from Dublin via Kilkenny to Cork. Between Cork and Killarney I cycled mostly right next to the sea, along the coastline of the south-western peninsulas. For me this was the most exciting part. I took the bus from Galway back to Dublin. In the end I had cycled 1004 miles.
England to Gibraltar, indirectly, Camino de Santiago.
Pictorial personal diary, equipment list, and route guide for a 4.5 month cycle trip, Boston, England to Gibraltar.
In the fall of 2000, my wife and I planned a tour around Lake Pepin for our anniversary, starting and ending in St. Paul, Minnesota. A lovely short tour in easy stages- my first tour!
In 2003 I attempted Paris-Brest-Paris. I didn't finish due to knee troubles, but had a wonderful time nonetheless.


Danny Boyle, the director of the Slumdog Millionaire and creative mind behind the London Olympics opening ceremony, is to make a ten-part TV series about the Norwegian resistance fighters who sabotaged Nazi plans to make an atomic bomb.
The series, called 'Telemark', will follow the team which infiltrated the heavy water production plant at Vemork in Telemark county, one of the key facilities in the Nazi programme, and then destroyed it in a daring raid.
The series will be produced by the US cable channel FX and scripted by Boyle's customary writing partner Simon Beaufoy.
Joachim Rønneberg, 94, who led the 1943 raid, is one of just over a dozen Norwegians to have won the the War Cross with Sword, the country's highest military honour. He is one of only two of the team still alive.
The story was in 1965 made into a classic war film 'The Heroes of Telemark', starring Kirk Douglas and Richard Harris.


Digital LCD with Back Light. Digital turn on/off and Reset. Digital 360 degree Auto Scan. Digital Element Selector. Digital Distance Selector . Digital Battery Charge Indicator. Digital three Sound Sequences. Digital Target Intensity Indicator. Digital Target Audio Indicator. Easy to dissemble to be transported.


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Dictyoconus, en ocasiones erróneamente denominado Dictyoconos, es un género de foraminífero bentónico de la subfamilia Dictyoconinae, de la familia Orbitolinidae, de la superfamilia Orbitolinoidea, del suborden Orbitolinina y del orden Loftusiida. Su especie tipo es Patellina egyptiensis. Su rango cronoestratigráfico abarca desde el Aptiense (Cretácico inferior) hasta la Oligoceno.

Discusión
Clasificaciones previas incluían Dictyoconus en el suborden Textulariina del orden Textulariida o en el orden Lituolida.

Clasificación
Se han descrito numerosas especies de Dictyoconus. Entre las especies más interesantes o más conocidas destacan:

 Dictyoconus egyptiensis †

Un listado completo de las especies descritas en el género Dictyoconus puede verse en el siguiente anexo.

En Dictyoconus se han considerado los siguientes subgéneros:
 Dictyoconus (Carinoconus), aceptado como género Carinoconus
 Dictyoconus (Cushmania), aceptado como género Cushmania
 Dictyoconus (Paleodictyoconus), aceptado como género Paleodictyoconus

Bibliografía

Géneros de Loftusiida
Géneros de foraminíferos aglutinados
Géneros de foraminíferos bentónicos


text:
Limited version includes... [ + ]
7 Oct '02
Limited version includes video to "Prayer" plus behind the scenes footage of the making of the video. It also features exclusive, deluxe packaging (folds out like a hard-back book).
Disturbed's latest "Believe" is both a consolidation and an evolution on their earlier recordings. It's muscular, confrontational power rock that made "The Sickness" so infectiously exciting, but twists things just enough to make the second time sounds as fresh as the first.


text:
Jenni Williams, née le  1962 à Gwanda, est une militante zimbabwéenne des droits de l'homme et la fondatrice du mouvement Women of Zimbabwe Arise (Woza). Éminente critique du gouvernement du président Robert Mugabe, The Guardian l'a décrit en 2009 comme .

Biographie
Williams est née à Gwanda, au Zimbabwe, dans la province du Matabeleland méridional, en . Elle est métisse. Son père est un mécanicien noir. Sa mère est la fille d'un Irlandais originaire du Comté d'Armagh et ayant émigré en Rhodésie. Devenu prospecteur d'or, il s'était marié à une femme matébélé.

À l'âge de 16 ans, Williams quitte l'école afin que ses six frères et sœurs puissent payer leurs frais de scolarité. En 1994, son frère aîné est mort du SIDA.

De 1994 à 2002, la firme de relations publiques détenue et dirigée par Jenni Williams travaille pour la Zimbabwean Farmers' Union. Elle entre en conflit avec Robert Mugabe, en raison de sa politique d'expropriation des fermiers blancs, dans le cadre de la réforme agraire. Lorsque Robert Mugabe encourage les vrais et faux vétérans de la guerre de Libération à s'emparer des terres des propriétaires blancs, Jenni Williams a commencé à protester contre ce qu'elle a décrit comme des violations des droits des hommes. Elle met en avant également que les meilleures fermes ont été données aux pontes du régime.

Dans les années 2000, son mari et ses enfants, adultes, quittent le pays à la suite de l'augmentation des mesures de répression du gouvernement.

En 2002, elle fonde le Women of Zimbabwe Arise (Woza), mouvement d'opposition non-violent créé en réponse à la perception d'un manque d'action des hommes du Zimbabwe contre le gouvernement Mugabe, jugé dictatorial. En accord avec les autres dirigeantes du Woza, elle fixe comme règle que la direction du mouvement doit participer à ces manifestations malgré les situations parfois dangereuses : .

Elle est arrêtée à de nombreuses reprises pour ces actions au sein de ce mouvement, ou brutalisée. Lors d'un de ses emprisonnements, Amnesty International la classe comme prisonnier d'opinion. Human Rights Watch dénonce également ces arrestations à répétition, comme celles de la cofondatrice Magodonga Mahlangu, déclarant que le gouvernement zimbabwéen devrait libérer les femmes et «permettre à la société civile le droit de manifester pacifiquement». Elle a été arrêtée plus d'une soixantaine de fois.

Reconnaissances

Jenni Williams se voit décerner en 2007 le prix international de la femme de courage pour . Deux ans plus tard, elle se voit décerner, avec la cofondatrice du Woza, Magodonga Mahlangu, le prix Robert F. Kennedy des droits de l'homme. À la cérémonie de remise du prix, Barack Obama indique que ce duo féminin a .

Lors de la Journée Internationale des femmes 2012, Williams s'est vu décerner par Amnesty International le prix Ginetta Sagan, qui distingue les femmes qui n'hésitent pas à mettre leur vie en péril pour protéger la liberté et la vie des femmes et des enfants dans les zones où les violations des droits humains sont répandues.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Personnalité féminine zimbabwéenne
Prisonnier d'opinion reconnu par Amnesty International
Personnalité liée à la défense des droits de l'homme au Zimbabwe
Lauréate du prix international de la femme de courage
Naissance en avril 1962


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Chhota Chetan is a 1998 Hindi movie directed by Jijo Punnoose. It was dubbed from the 1984 Malayalam movie, My Dear Kuttichathan — which was India's first 3-D film — and it went on to become a major box office hit.
It was the first feature film to introduce DTS for a stereoscopic 3D feature film. Although it was the dubbed version of My Dear Kuttichathan, the scenes with Hindi actors Urmila Matondkar, Satish Kaushik, Shakti Kapoor, Harish) and Ravi Baswani were re-shot for the Hindi version. Shakti Kapoor plays the part of a magician who tries to catch Chetan but gets trapped in a mirror. The part was originally played by Dominic Alumudan in the Malayalam version (Prakashraj did this role in its re-released Tamil version Chutti Chathan). Satish Kaushik plays the part of Jagathi Srikumar as a scientist who also tries to catch Chetan but gets destroyed (Santhanam played this role in Tamil version).