text:
// Copyright 2018 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

/**
 * @fileoverview Abstracts away the details of chrome.bluetooth,
 * chrome.bluetoothPrivate, and chrome.brailleDisplayPrivate for a UI component
 * to interact with a bluetooth braille display.
 */

goog.provide('BluetoothBrailleDisplayManager');
goog.provide('BluetoothBrailleDisplayListener');

/** @interface */
BluetoothBrailleDisplayListener = class {
  constructor() {}

  /**
   * @param {!Array<chrome.bluetooth.Device>} displays
   */
  onDisplayListChanged(displays) {}

  /**
   * Called when a pincode is requested and a response can be made by calling
   * BluetoothBrailleDisplayManager.finishPairing.
   * @param {!chrome.bluetooth.Device} display
   */
  onPincodeRequested(display) {}
};

/**
 * Manages interaction with the bluetooth and braille subsystems in Chrome.
 * A caller can use this class by doing:
 * let manager = new BluetoothBrailleDisplayManager();
 * manager.addListener(listenerObject); // listenerObject receives updates on
 *                                     // important events in bluetooth.
 * manager.start();  // Starts bluetooth discovery.
 * manager.connect(); // Connects to a discovered device received in the
 *                   // listenerObject.
 * manager.finishPairing(); // If a pairing request is sent to the
 *                          // listenerObject, this is how a caller can respond.
 * manager.stop(); // Stops discovery, but persists connections.
 */
BluetoothBrailleDisplayManager = class {
  constructor() {
    /** @private {!Array<BluetoothBrailleDisplayListener>} */
    this.listeners_ = [];

    /**
     * This list of braille display names was taken from other services that
     * utilize Brltty (e.g. BrailleBack).
     * @private {!Array<string|RegExp>}
     */
    this.displayNamePrefixes_ = [
      'Actilino ALO',
      'Activator AC4',
      'Active Braille AB',
      'Active Star AS',
      'ALVA BC',
      'APH Chameleon',
      'APH Mantis',
      'Basic Braille BB',
      'Basic Braille Plus BP',
      'BAUM Conny',
      'Baum PocketVario',
      'Baum SuperVario',
      'Baum SVario',
      'BrailleConnect',
      'BrailleEDGE',
      'BrailleMe',
      'BMpk',
      'BMsmart',
      'BM32',
      'BrailleNote Touch',
      'BrailleSense',
      'Braille Star',
      'Braillex',
      'Brailliant BI',
      'Brailliant 14',
      'Brailliant 80',
      'Braillino BL',
      'B2G',
      'Conny',
      'Easy Braille EBR',
      'EL12-',
      'Esys-',
      'Focus',
      'Humanware BrailleOne',
      'HWG Brailliant',
      'MB248',
      'NLS eReader',
      'Orbit Reader',
      'Pronto!',
      'Refreshabraille',
      'SmartBeetle',
      'SuperVario',
      'TSM',
      'VarioConnect',
      'VarioUltra'
    ];

    /**
     * The display explicitly preferred by a caller via connect. Only one such
     * display exists at a time.
     * @private {string?}
     */
    this.preferredDisplayAddress_ =
        localStorage['preferredBrailleDisplayAddress'];

    /**
     * Tracks whether the preferred display is connected.
     * @private {boolean|null|undefined}
     */
    this.preferredDisplayConnected_;

    chrome.bluetooth.onDeviceAdded.addListener(
        this.handleDevicesChanged.bind(this));
    chrome.bluetooth.onDeviceChanged.addListener(
        this.handleDevicesChanged.bind(this));
    chrome.bluetooth.onDeviceRemoved.addListener(
        this.handleDevicesChanged.bind(this));
    chrome.bluetoothPrivate.onPairing.addListener(
        this.handlePairing.bind(this));
  }

  /**
   * Adds a new listener.
   * @param {BluetoothBrailleDisplayListener} listener
   */
  addListener(listener) {
    this.listeners_.push(listener);
  }

  /**
   * Starts discovering bluetooth devices.
   */
  start() {
    chrome.bluetooth.startDiscovery();

    // Pick up any devices already in the system including previously paired,
    // but out of range displays.
    this.handleDevicesChanged();
  }

  /**
   * Stops discovering bluetooth devices.
   */
  stop() {
    chrome.bluetooth.stopDiscovery();
  }

  /**
   * Connects to the given display.
   *@param{!chrome.bluetooth.Device} display
   */
  connect(display) {
    if (this.preferredDisplayAddress_ === display.address ||
        !this.preferredDisplayAddress_) {
      this.connectInternal(display);
    } else {
      chrome.bluetoothPrivate.disconnectAll(
          this.preferredDisplayAddress_, () => {
            this.connectInternal(display);
          });
    }
    }

    /**
     * @param{!chrome.bluetooth.Device} display
     * @protected *
     */
    connectInternal(display) {
      this.preferredDisplayAddress_ = display.address;
      localStorage['preferredBrailleDisplayAddress'] = display.address;
      if (!display.connected) {
        chrome.bluetoothPrivate.connect(display.address, (result) => {
          if (!display.paired) {
            chrome.bluetoothPrivate.pair(display.address);
          }
        });
        return;
      }

      if (!display.paired) {
        chrome.bluetoothPrivate.pair(display.address);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Disconnects the given display and clears it from Brltty.
     * @param{!chrome.bluetooth.Device} display
     */
    disconnect(display) {
      chrome.bluetoothPrivate.disconnectAll(display.address);
      chrome.brailleDisplayPrivate.updateBluetoothBrailleDisplayAddress('');
    }

    /**
     * Forgets the given display.
     * @param {!chrome.bluetooth.Device} display
     */
    forget(display) {
      chrome.bluetoothPrivate.forgetDevice(display.address);
      chrome.brailleDisplayPrivate.updateBluetoothBrailleDisplayAddress('');
    }

    /**
     *  Finishes pairing in response to
     * BluetoothBrailleDisplayListener.onPincodeRequested.
     * @param{!chrome.bluetooth.Device} display
     * @param{string} pincode *
     */
    finishPairing(display, pincode) {
      chrome.bluetoothPrivate.setPairingResponse(
          {response: 'confirm', device: display, pincode}, () => {});
    }

    /**
     * @param{ chrome.bluetooth.Device=} opt_device
     * @protected
     */
    handleDevicesChanged(opt_device) {
      chrome.bluetooth.getDevices((devices) => {
        const displayList = devices.filter((device) => {
          return this.displayNamePrefixes_.some((name) => {
            return device.name && device.name.search(name) === 0;
          });
        });
        if (displayList.length === 0) {
          return;
        }
        if (opt_device &&
            !displayList.find((i) => i.name === opt_device.name)) {
          return;
        }

        displayList.forEach((display) => {
          if (this.preferredDisplayAddress_ === display.address) {
            this.handlePreferredDisplayConnectionStateChanged(display);
          }
        });
        this.listeners_.forEach((listener) => {
          listener.onDisplayListChanged(displayList);
        });
      });
    }

    /**
     * @param{chrome.bluetoothPrivate.PairingEvent} pairingEvent
     * @protected
     */
    handlePairing(pairingEvent) {
      if (pairingEvent.pairing ===
          chrome.bluetoothPrivate.PairingEventType.REQUEST_PINCODE) {
        this.listeners_.forEach(
            (listener) => listener.onPincodeRequested(pairingEvent.device));
      }
    }

    /**
     * @param{chrome.bluetooth.Device} display
     * @protected
     */
    handlePreferredDisplayConnectionStateChanged(display) {
      if (display.connected === this.preferredDisplayConnected_) {
        return;
      }

      this.preferredDisplayConnected_ = display.connected;

      // We do not clear the address seen by Brltty unless the caller explicitly
      // disconnects or forgets the display via the public methods of this
      // class.
      if (display.connected) {
        chrome.brailleDisplayPrivate.updateBluetoothBrailleDisplayAddress(
            display.address);
      }
    }
};


text:
Structure of the proboscis and rays of the star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata
Theodore Grand, Edwin Gould, Richard Montali
The 22 anemone-like rays of the star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata, constitute a unique mammalian structure. These rays, 11 surrounding each nostril, have at least three distinct lengths and are covered on the front, back, and sides with sensory receptors or Eimer organs. The conduit for these incoming stimuli, the infraorbital branch of the fifth cranial (trigeminal) nerve, is extremely large and composed of at least three distinct bundles (receiving fibers from rays 1-3, 4-7, and 8-11). The proboscis moves on a unique nasomaxillary articulation by means of highly differentiated nasolabial musculature. Elongation of the proboscis during the evolution of Condylura appears to have weakened the masticatory mechanism. As a consequence, the procumbent central incisors, the spatial separation among the lateral incisors and premolars, slender mandibular rami, and the fragile coronoid and angular processes distinguish Condylura from all other talpids but recall specialized vermivores (among the tenrecs and civets) and termite-eaters (among the hyenas). Varied lengths of the rays, uniform distribution of the sensory papillae containing the Eimer receptors, and proximity of the nerve endings to the surface of the stratum corneum support the hypothesis of electrosensitivity in addition to tactile function for this adaptive complex.
Journal of mammalogy
Condylura
Electrosensory reception
Functional anatomy
Proboscis and rays
Star-nosed mole
Talpidae
10.2307/1382980
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Structure of the proboscis and rays of the star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Condylura Agriculture & Biology
Condylura cristata Agriculture & Biology
termite Earth & Environmental Sciences
proboscis Agriculture & Biology
Trigeminal Nerve Medicine & Life Sciences
Hyaenidae Medicine & Life Sciences
organ Earth & Environmental Sciences
Anemone Medicine & Life Sciences
Grand, T., Gould, E., & Montali, R. (1998). Structure of the proboscis and rays of the star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata. Journal of mammalogy, 79(2), 492-501. https://doi.org/10.2307/1382980
Structure of the proboscis and rays of the star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata. / Grand, Theodore; Gould, Edwin; Montali, Richard.
In: Journal of mammalogy, Vol. 79, No. 2, 05.1998, p. 492-501.
Grand, T, Gould, E & Montali, R 1998, 'Structure of the proboscis and rays of the star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata', Journal of mammalogy, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 492-501. https://doi.org/10.2307/1382980
Grand T, Gould E, Montali R. Structure of the proboscis and rays of the star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata. Journal of mammalogy. 1998 May;79(2):492-501. https://doi.org/10.2307/1382980
Grand, Theodore ; Gould, Edwin ; Montali, Richard. / Structure of the proboscis and rays of the star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata. In: Journal of mammalogy. 1998 ; Vol. 79, No. 2. pp. 492-501.
@article{992be7ed248c4a979ded49bfa41f977a,
title = "Structure of the proboscis and rays of the star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata",
abstract = "The 22 anemone-like rays of the star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata, constitute a unique mammalian structure. These rays, 11 surrounding each nostril, have at least three distinct lengths and are covered on the front, back, and sides with sensory receptors or Eimer organs. The conduit for these incoming stimuli, the infraorbital branch of the fifth cranial (trigeminal) nerve, is extremely large and composed of at least three distinct bundles (receiving fibers from rays 1-3, 4-7, and 8-11). The proboscis moves on a unique nasomaxillary articulation by means of highly differentiated nasolabial musculature. Elongation of the proboscis during the evolution of Condylura appears to have weakened the masticatory mechanism. As a consequence, the procumbent central incisors, the spatial separation among the lateral incisors and premolars, slender mandibular rami, and the fragile coronoid and angular processes distinguish Condylura from all other talpids but recall specialized vermivores (among the tenrecs and civets) and termite-eaters (among the hyenas). Varied lengths of the rays, uniform distribution of the sensory papillae containing the Eimer receptors, and proximity of the nerve endings to the surface of the stratum corneum support the hypothesis of electrosensitivity in addition to tactile function for this adaptive complex.",
keywords = "Condylura, Electrosensory reception, Functional anatomy, Proboscis and rays, Star-nosed mole, Talpidae",
author = "Theodore Grand and Edwin Gould and Richard Montali",
doi = "10.2307/1382980",
journal = "Journal of Mammalogy",
publisher = "Allen Press Inc.",
T1 - Structure of the proboscis and rays of the star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata
AU - Grand, Theodore
AU - Gould, Edwin
AU - Montali, Richard
N2 - The 22 anemone-like rays of the star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata, constitute a unique mammalian structure. These rays, 11 surrounding each nostril, have at least three distinct lengths and are covered on the front, back, and sides with sensory receptors or Eimer organs. The conduit for these incoming stimuli, the infraorbital branch of the fifth cranial (trigeminal) nerve, is extremely large and composed of at least three distinct bundles (receiving fibers from rays 1-3, 4-7, and 8-11). The proboscis moves on a unique nasomaxillary articulation by means of highly differentiated nasolabial musculature. Elongation of the proboscis during the evolution of Condylura appears to have weakened the masticatory mechanism. As a consequence, the procumbent central incisors, the spatial separation among the lateral incisors and premolars, slender mandibular rami, and the fragile coronoid and angular processes distinguish Condylura from all other talpids but recall specialized vermivores (among the tenrecs and civets) and termite-eaters (among the hyenas). Varied lengths of the rays, uniform distribution of the sensory papillae containing the Eimer receptors, and proximity of the nerve endings to the surface of the stratum corneum support the hypothesis of electrosensitivity in addition to tactile function for this adaptive complex.
AB - The 22 anemone-like rays of the star-nosed mole, Condylura cristata, constitute a unique mammalian structure. These rays, 11 surrounding each nostril, have at least three distinct lengths and are covered on the front, back, and sides with sensory receptors or Eimer organs. The conduit for these incoming stimuli, the infraorbital branch of the fifth cranial (trigeminal) nerve, is extremely large and composed of at least three distinct bundles (receiving fibers from rays 1-3, 4-7, and 8-11). The proboscis moves on a unique nasomaxillary articulation by means of highly differentiated nasolabial musculature. Elongation of the proboscis during the evolution of Condylura appears to have weakened the masticatory mechanism. As a consequence, the procumbent central incisors, the spatial separation among the lateral incisors and premolars, slender mandibular rami, and the fragile coronoid and angular processes distinguish Condylura from all other talpids but recall specialized vermivores (among the tenrecs and civets) and termite-eaters (among the hyenas). Varied lengths of the rays, uniform distribution of the sensory papillae containing the Eimer receptors, and proximity of the nerve endings to the surface of the stratum corneum support the hypothesis of electrosensitivity in addition to tactile function for this adaptive complex.
KW - Condylura
KW - Electrosensory reception
KW - Functional anatomy
KW - Proboscis and rays
KW - Star-nosed mole
KW - Talpidae
U2 - 10.2307/1382980
DO - 10.2307/1382980
JO - Journal of Mammalogy
JF - Journal of Mammalogy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Love Christian Fellowship Ed: Search homes, houses and land by Love Christian Fellowship Ed in Stapleton CO. You can views homes and houses by distance, price, bedroom, bathrooms and square footage. Use the ?Near by? feature to find real estate for sale near a location in Stapleton CO including schools, restaurants, local attractions and more!


text:
Women's History Month – MILK Interview
By Good Haro March 23, 2015 December 10, 2015 Behind the Scenes, Interviews
Welcome to our fourth and final installment of our Women's History Month interview series! If you missed our previous three installments, go check them out: Localization Staff Interview, Shigeo Hamashima Interview, Yuka Kayura Interview.
For anyone who may be unfamiliar with Women's History Month, it's celebrated in the US, UK and Australia during the month of March to bring attention to the contributions of women in our society. So, in the spirit of Women's History Month, we decided it'd be a good opportunity to highlight some women creators among our eroge partners and let them tell us about themselves and their work.
This week, we talked to MILK, singer of Imouto Paradise's opening theme.
How did you get into the eroge industry? Were there any specific works or creators that inspired you to work on eroge?
I got my start as a cosplayer helping out at an event (I was dressed as Miki Tsukimura from MOONSTONE's Clear). Though I guess the thing that first got me into visual novels was the Saturn version of Welcome to Pia Carrot. I really wanted to play Kita e. but I would have had to buy a Dreamcast for it.
I didn't have a PC back then, so I think my desire to play proper visual novels some day was what motivated me.
I'm a big fan of Ashito Ooyari's artwork and I was so happy when I finally got to meet him! I really felt like I was part of the industry I loved at that moment.
How do you think your experience as a woman has informed your work?
I guess I can give a motherly warmth to the job that helps things go well? More specifically, greeting people properly and listening to people with a smile are pretty easy things to do, but when you only have a limited time with people and there are new staffers you've never met before, it can be pretty difficult to create an atmosphere conducive to talking.
People can get pretty awkward if they're worried about being selfish, but that's not something you have to be worried about with your mother. I think being a woman kinda puts me in a similar type of position.
I want to be girly, even as a singer, so I like to decorate my sheet music with hearts, so I can have some visual cues to help create a cute mood too♪
I find myself privileged as a woman to be able to enjoy the useful aspects of both my girlish side and my motherly side at the same time.
What is your process like? Do you have any particular techniques for getting a feel for a game?
First, I'll get the concept of the game and the plot from the client. If it's a character song, I find out about how the character talks and look at the key illustrations.
If I'm writing lyrics, a lot of times I get the music first, so I set the words I come up with to the music, stressing the lyrical quality as I write. Then I set the lyrics aside for a day before looking them over again and if everything looks alright, it's a go!
The client will check the lyrics over and then I just have to sing them. Though, I guess over-practicing is a no-no. If I don't keep it flexible enough to make changes on recording day, I'll have to fight against my instincts.
I always try to keep in mind that game songs might be my songs, but they're not mine alone.
http://www.mangagamer.com/user_data/pv/PV70.mp4
Imouto Paradise's opening sequence. Song "Imouto Paradise" lyrics and performance by MILK. Please note that this video contains some nudity.
Are there any parts of the process of producing music for eroge that you find particularly difficult? What keeps you motivated when things get tough?
If it's an opening theme, I always try to make sure it's not too heavily associated with any particular girl. Everyone who plays the game probably has a different idea of which girl is most charming, after all.
I guess this is kind of related to the previous question, but while I may be singing someone's feelings, I want the players to be able to decide just who those feelings belong to.
I like to think the songs are part of the game for the sake of the players, so I derive my motivation from the voices of those players. I like looking up player impressions of games on Twitter and stuff♪
Is there a song or other work you've worked on that you're particularly proud of?
I was responsible for this one kind of sad character song that plays during the tearful climax of the game––even though I'd read the plot outline and knew everything that happened in the game, once I played the finished product I was really moved by the scene. It made me feel like I did a really good job!
What do you think about the state of the eroge industry as a whole? Is there anything you'd like to see change in the future?
Eroge are designed to entertain consumers and they aren't the sort of thing you absolutely have to buy to survive, but life is kind of lonesome without games, isn't it? I guess it's not all that different from watching movies, but I guess visual novels have a somewhat stronger personal component and are a little easier to misunderstand.
Also, games are data so I guess people can obtain them illicitly too.
It's an industry based around providing entertainment for adults, so I'd like to interact with the players as adults too.
Also, I think it's important for the industry to stick to deadlines♪
How did you come up with your stage name? It's very cute!
Thanks! My real name is Mio, so I wanted to come up with something that also start with "M". And I like cats, so I wanted a name that had a feline feel. Me~ow♪
Are there any singers or voice actors you look up to in particular?
Lots of them! If I had to pick someone in particular, I guess I'd say Hiromi Satou. I think she's amazing both as a person and in terms of her contributions to the industry. Her singing and speaking are both really mesmerizing♪
What do you find most rewarding about your job?
When the fans can finally get their hands on a finished product. Producing a physical product is really rewarding. Of course, with songs alone there are always CDs, but I feel especially proud of contributing to bigger products with lots of content and illustrations and everything fitting neatly together.
Are there any dream projects you hope to have the opportunity to work on some day?
It's a secret, but, you know, I don't think it'd be all that strange if a swim meet, or hot springs, or girl's night out full of beautiful female characters were a reality. I'd love to join in. I'm a girl after all, so I can get into places boys can't. I'm really looking forward to it♪
Is there anything else you'd like to say to your English-speaking fans?
I've never left Japan before myself! It makes me really happy to know that games with my songs in them are loved overseas too♪ I sang the opening theme to Imouto Paradise packed with the feelings of lots of little sisters. I hope you play it and let me know what you think of it♪ Thank you very much☆
I'd like to go overseas to sing some day☆
And that concludes our Women's History Month interview series! I hope you all enjoyed hearing from all these talented women in the industry.
Tagged Imouto Paradise, MILK.
« Princess Evangile – The Conflicted Sisters
Princess Evangile – The Garden of Vincennes »
BookwormOtaku
Another interesting interview, really enjoyed reading them all and I hope this is done again next year.
miotheanimegirl
Her name is Mio :O Awesome !
Otaku Apologist
She sounded a little bit bisexual in some of her answers, which is… coooool!! XD
That was so nice to read! Thanks for doing these interviews. 😀


The Learjet 75 is a development program by the Canadian aircraft manufacturer Bombardier. It belongs to the light business jet. This model feature new avionics, winglets and powerful engines that use less fuel. It is a very recent aircraft. Please note that this aircraft is subject to owner's approval.


These lessons focus on biological science. The genetics lesson makes use of the Virtual Fly Lab in which student teams explore the traits of a virtual fly. The Biomes and Ecosytems lesson engages student research teams in an exploration of one of eight biomes which are actually expedition sites including the Galapagos, Mt. Everest, the Nile and the Amazon. In the Cells lesson, students go on a scavenger hunt to find out about cells.
In the History of the Earth, students use the UC Berkeley Paleontology site to gather data about one of the Eras in Earth history. The Clouds lesson engages students in developing a theory to explain cloud formation. Other earth science lessons that have been added include the Blue Planet, Turkey Earthquake, as well as Project Riverkeepers and Project Ozone.
In Stoichiometry students use several web sites to do quantitative calculations and discuss chemical reactions. In the Atomic Theory lesson students use the Web to become familiar with the historic and scientific development of atomic theory.
In the Waves lesson, students are presented with seven "challenges" in which the use the Web to find solutions. In the Gravitational Forces lesson, visit the official Isaac Newton home page and explore the development of "Newton's Laws."


Etihad Airways has invested in a baggage tracking system, ensuring it is well prepared for IATA's Resolution 753, which will come into effect in June 2018.
This week saw the launch of the DS BAGTAG – a new electronic, permanent bag tag – as airlines weigh up the benefits of moving away from traditional paper tags.
AirAsia will introduce its new 'Home Tag' from 20 April and roll out self-service bag drop in Bangkok, Phuket, Langkawi and select Indonesian airports.
AirAsia has launched a new self-service bag drop solution at Senai International Airport – the first of its kind at a Malaysian airport.
The SITA 2015 Baggage Report shows that 7.3 bags per 1,000 were mishandled in 2014, with almost half due to transfer mishandling.
FTE spoke to Iberia and Siemens to find out how the new self-service system differs to other solutions and why they have pursued a one-step process.
easyJet changes cabin bag policy – but could it have a negative effect on the passenger experience?
Despite the already limited amount of locker space on many flights, easyJet will soon let some passengers bring a second piece of hand luggage onboard.
Sydney Airport has decided to permanently implement the Auto Bag Drop units that have been on trial in Terminal 1 for the last 12 months.
IATA's new baggage tracking resolution – what does it mean for airlines, airports and ground handlers?
FTE speaks to IATA's Andrew Price about the new Resolution 753 on baggage tracking, and explores what airlines and airports need to do to prepare.
Qatar Airways passengers who are staying at The Airport Hotel at Hamad International Airport can check-in their bags 12 hours before their departure time.
Travellers flying from Göteborg Landvetter Airport will be able to make use of new self-service bag drops after the airport placed an order for 12 units.
Travellers flying from Amsterdam Airport Schiphol will soon be able to use a new luggage delivery service between their hotel and the airport.
SITA's BagManager solution will be rolled out at 38 Indian airports, while 25 of the country's airports now have common use processing infrastructure.
ICM Airport Technics has signed a framework agreement with Heathrow Airport and been awarded a contract by Aéroports de Paris for the roll out of its bag drop units.


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You are here: Home » Apps » What's On TV? There's An App For That
What's On TV? There's An App For That
The world is changing pretty fast and it is becoming a better place to live in than it was a few decades ago. It is now possible to use an app to not only control the TV but also to know what is being aired on the television to watch. All you need is a video streaming device, which you can plug into your set or invest in a smart TV. This article is a small TV Guide App which looks at the applications that will let you know what is on TV at the click of a button.
1. AccuWeather
The app is designed to help you get the weather forecast at the press of a button. It will avail all the information you need to know about the weather. It will give details on the temperature and the rain pattern for the day or the entire week. The app will also show on your TV screen the animated radar maps, forecast charts, and weather report. These are big charts that provide weather reports that can easily be understood. The premium version of the app allows you to access long-range forecasts and the extra radar. Also, it will let you access extra historical data.
2. News360
It gives those who don't like watching cable news a chance to catch up with the latest updates. It compiles the latest clips for you from sources such as Bloomberg, The Guardian, and Reuters. Also, the app personalizes the news to allow you to choose to watch topics that are relevant. It gives you a chance to assess the topics and the stories to watch. It allows you to browse through and queue the news video you have selected. News 360 app will enable you to search the category or jump to top stories. It summarises the news in a big and bold text on your large TV screen. The app is free but is only available on Android TV.
2. Kodi
The platform is considered the best for anyone wanting to stream from home devices. It features add-ons which give the user access to unlimited streaming services from across the globe. Some of the legit sites you will be able to stream include BBC, IPlayer, Fox Sports and many more. Also, the app will let you watch movies, cable and international TV free of charge.
3. The Next Episode app
It a popular TV-tracking app that will make watching TV fun. It enables the viewers to save their favorite shows at a click of a button. It will also keep you updated on shows that were aired recently and those that are coming up. It is easier to use and comes with widgets. Also, the app will help you track the time you spend watching the shows.
Indeed we are living in an era that allows us to have nothing but the best from the TV. It is an age that gives viewers top entertainment from a variety of providers. You no longer have to limit yourself to four channels. The TV apps will select the best show for you. They will keep you updated on shows are currently running and those that are coming up.
Tags: AccuWeather apps Kodi News360 Next Episode
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MICL Dissemination and Knowledge Translation Products
Articles in Peer-Reviewed Publications
Project T-3:
Tom Seekins, William Shunkamolah, Michael Bertsche, Colin Cowart, Jean Ann Summers, Amanda Reichard, and Glen White published "A systematic scoping review of measures of participation in disability and rehabilitation research: A preliminary report of findings" in the Oct. 2012 issue of Disability and Health Journal.
Projects R-2 and R-3:
Amanda Reichard, Hayley Stolzle, Ana Carolina Sella, and Theresa I. Shireman published"Quality of diabetes care for adults with physical disabilities in Kansas" in Disability and Health Journal (Vol 5, No. 1, January 2012).
Amanda Reichard and Hayley Stolzle published "Diabetes Among Adults with Cognitive Limitations Compared to Individuals with No Cognitive Disabilities" in the June 2011 issue ofIntellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
Amanda Reichard, Hayley Stolzle and Michael H. Fox published "Health disparities among adults with physical disabilities or cognitive limitations compared to individuals with no disabilities in the United States" in Disability and Health Journal, April 2011.
Project R-5:
Glen White, Chiaki Gonda, Jana Peterson and Charles Drum authored an article in Disability and Health Journal, April 2011 titled: "Secondary analysis of a scoping review of health promotion interventions for persons with disabilities: Do health promotion interventions for people with mobility impairments address secondary condition reduction and increased community participation?"
Glen White, Chiaki Gonda, Zach Coble, Jamie Lloyd Simpson and Craig Ravesloot published "Moving from independence to interdependence: A conceptual model for better understanding community participation of centers for independent living" in the Mar. 2010 issue of Journal of Disability Policy Studies.
Charles E. Drum, Willi Horner-Johnson and Emily S. Walsh published "Construction and validation of the Outpatient Health Care Usability Profile (OHCUP)" in the Oct. 2012 issue of Disability and Health Journal.
Charles Drum, Gloria Krahn, Willi Horner-Johnson, Brian Ritacco, Marilyn Berardinelli, Rania Wasfi and Patricia Pickett-Cooper authored "The Oregon Community Engagement Initiative: A Multi-Case Study of a Disability Coalition Development Process," which was published in Community Development, 40: 1, 3-19.
On Research Design:
Tom Seekins and Glen White's article "Participatory Action Research Designs in Applied Disability and Rehabilitation Science: Protecting Against Threats to Social Validity" is in press at the Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,scheduled for a January 2013 publication.
State-of-the-Science Conference
Our State-of-the-Science conference, held in October 2010, disseminated Center findings to more than 150 attendees. Presentations for each project are linked.
ToolsProject R-1:
CHEC Google Maps for Community Accessibility - This tool for measuring and communicating the receptivity of community sites to people with disabilities has been used in six Missouri cities.
Survey - CIL Staff Assessment of Services That Lead to Participation
Get.RIIL On-line Database - A tool that provides uniform access to disability research information.
ResourcesProjects R-6 and R-2:
Disability Resources for Healthcare Providers - Information to help providers improve the accessibility of their practices as well as their understanding of the healthcare needs of people with disabilities.
See the posters linked under "Community Participation Research" on our RTC/IL Resources/Publication pages. These posters were presented at a variety of professional conferences.
Please visit our YouTube site for videos or see the individual project pages for an embedded video.
The system would allow passengers to use the same electrified wheelchair to get from the airport check-in desk to t… https://t.co/h2PNP8cBlw


Keystrokes is a personalised, one-to-one, volunteer facilitated session to teach introductory computer skills such as Internet navigation, eBook use, connecting with App stores and other technology skills. participants need to have access to a device such as a smart phone, tablet or laptop computer, and to bring the device to the session. Participants should have some basic understanding of how to use their device.
To book into a session phone the Woodvale Library on 9400 4180.


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This week I learned a few important things about foraging for acorns, the nuts of oak trees.
First of all, if you are going to bother picking up all those acorns, shell them and start processing them immediately. They may not appear to have nut weevils in them, but somehow they magically appear after the acorns sit on your kitchen counter for a week! No, I didn't take photos… you'll just have to trust me on this one.
Second: you can't just be a slacker about leaching the tannins! Acorns, like the trees they fall from, are high in tannins which make them singularly unpleasant to eat straight from the tree. Some species are higher in tannins than others; the red and black family of oaks (which have leaves with pointed lobes) tend to be higher whereas the white oak family (with rounded leaf lobes) tend to be lower. Luckily, tannins are water soluble so they can be removed by either a "hot" leaching method, or a "cold" leaching method.
Hot leaching requires putting the shelled acorns through multiple changes of boiling water. Once the poured-off water is no longer colored, you can start sampling the acorns for edibility, and continue changing the water as needed until the flavor is ideal.
Cold leaching simulates the Native American approach of putting the acorns in a bag in a running stream, which allows the tannins to be washed out over a longer period.
"Lazy leaching", which is what I tried to do, is apparently Not a Thing. I put the shelled acorns in a bowl, filled it with cold water from the sink, and changed out the water every couple of hours … or whenever it occurred to me. Which might not have been all that often.
Another day of changing the water out infrequently … another awful experience sampling an acorn.
Wash, rinse, repeat. After the third day, the acorns looked very waterlogged, and I abandoned the attempt.
Maybe for cold leaching, the acorns need to be ground first. At least once source I read mentioned this, but never explained why. And I have this terrible habit of skipping steps if I don't know what they do. Oops?
Another possibility is that the water wasn't cold enough, or that the water changes didn't happen frequently enough.
Last but not least, perhaps there are some trees whose acorns are simply too bitter to even bother.
Hopefully, I can find more fresh acorns so I can try again!
Categories: Foraging, Locavore, Uncategorized | Tags: acorns, Foraging, oaks, wild edibles | Permalink.
Summer time and the eating is easy! The more I learn, the more I am amazed just how many wild edibles are available even in one's own backyard. The photo below shows the variety of greens I could collect one August day to make a salad for lunch, with goat cheese, walnuts and raspberry vinaigrette dressing. The smallest/youngest leaves are the most tender and best for consuming raw. Remember, before you forage – have 100% identification (no even the picture below does not "count"), and know the environment (pesticides, pollution, laws, etc.).
Categories: Cooking, Foraging, Uncategorized | Tags: Foraging, nature's garden, wild edibles | Permalink.
Or adventures in standing up, as the case may be!
I am experimenting with a standing desk at work, to see if it really warrants all the hype.
Seriously. I think standing while working, rather than sitting, may be the most overhyped office trend of the decade.
Phrases like "Sitting is the new smoking" (as far as detrimental health effects) and references to "sitting disease" is enough to strike fear into the heart of any moderately health conscious IT geek. I mean c'mon, even the Smithsonian is talking about it, so it must be a "thing".
Plus, there are infographics (oooh, lots of infographics!) about the virtues of standing. How much convincing do I need?
And if my office is going to offer fancy new standing desks, what fool would I be to not take advantage?
A fool whose elbows don't hurt. Whose wrists don't hurt. Whose lower back doesn't hurt. Whose knees don't hurt.
Also, what if standing while working (even if it isn't "exercise" per se) still burns enough calories to make me feel hungrier, thereby eating more, thereby undoing all the good of the extra fidgeting?
My other concern is that the most significant health benefits are all "avoidances" – I'm sure there's a fancier word, but I haven't found it yet – i.e., they are all about reducing the probability of something that might not happen anyway. So if I stand at my desk, and I don't get metabolic disease or cancer or cardiovascular disease, well, I might not have anyway due to good genes or other lifestyle choices.
All that said: I haven't given up on standing yet. I bought a squishy mat to stand on, and have resigned myself to daily adjustments of mouse and keyboard and monitor height until I get it just right. I still don't think that better posture will be an automatic result of standing more, nor that the extra calorie burn will be noticeable, but I'll try to post weekly (hey, stop laughing!) with any new insights or observations.
Categories: Uncategorized | Tags: office trends | Permalink.
Ok, not literally. But two weeks ago today, I hopped in the car to drive to work and found out that my Sirius XM subscription had expired.
The shock, the denial, the grief! How was I ever going to survive the commute??
And then the anger and hurt over the fact that they never sent me a renewal reminder. Helloooooo? In today's economy, how do you miss reminding a customer to re-up an annual subscription?
Finally: the resolution that comes through recognizing an opportunity. I'm the one always looking for ways to cut back, simplify, reduce, and save. Here's my chance to prove I can make these sacrifices. I am listening to more news (the only FM radio station which lasts all the way from home to work) and audio books. I have even figured out how to play music through my car speakers from my smart phone. I have, and shall continue to survive without commercial free satellite radio.
Although I am now way more likely to run weekend errands in my husband's car!
Because making up new words is part of what makes us human.
Web Herring. Noun. A website that you think will have useful information to solve a problem or answer a question, but takes you in an entirely wrong direction and wastes much time doing so.


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Fantasy NASCAR: Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500 at Atlanta Motor Speedway Driver Rankings
The Cup Series heads to Atlanta Motor Speedway this weekend, and while the track may be known for chewing up tires, Fantasy NASCAR expert Brian Polking's Driver Rankings will make sure your lineups for the Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500 will be up to the task.
June 2, 2020 Brian Polking Season Long – All Sports, Season Long – NASCAR
Feb 24, 2019; Hampton, GA, USA; Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series driver Joey Logano (22) leads the pack into turn 4 during the Folds of Honor QuickTrip 500 at Atlanta Motor Speedway. Mandatory Credit: Adam Hagy-USA TODAY Sports
The Cup Series heads back to Atlanta Motor Speedway this weekend, but Sunday's Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500 will not be the second race of the year at the mile-and-a-half oval. Teams arrived at the track earlier this year, but then came the coronavirus pandemic, and we all know what happened next.
Fast forward a few months, and teams will return to Atlanta, a track know for its worn-out, abrasive surface and multiple grooves. Sunday's race will now be the fourth of the 2020 season at a mile-and-a-half oval, and while I definitely value the results from the three previous races, I also like to look at historical results at AMS. The tire wear here compared to a majority of the 1.5-mile tracks can be tough on some drivers.
For the most part, I expect to stick to my typical strategy for mile-and-a-half ovals and rely heavily on the big names from the top teams. Of course, we've seen the balance of power among those teams shift a bit this year. Kevin Harvick remains fast week in and week out, but Hendrick Motorsports and Team Penske appear to be the strongest teams. Joe Gibbs Racing hasn't exactly fallen off the map, but JGR isn't the unstoppable force it was for much of 2019.
We still don't exactly know the schedule going forward, but in the meantime, we need to remember to be smart about how we allocate our driver starts in Fantasy Live and the Driver Group Game. Having doubleheaders at Darlington and the Charlotte oval likely chewed some of your starts away from the top options, but I still recommend loading up again Sunday and trying to save some starts at Martinsville and Talladega in the coming weeks.
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1. Chase Elliott
He has three Top 10s in four starts at Atlanta, including one Top 5, but Elliott's performance throughout 2020, especially at the 1.5-mile ovals are what have him atop the rankings. He had arguably the best car at Las Vegas in February, and he should have won both races at Charlotte.
2. Kevin Harvick
Since joining Stewart-Haas Racing, Harvick has finished in the Top 10 in five of his six starts at Atlanta, winning here in 2018. He has also led at least 45 laps in all six starts at the track with SHR, leading at least 116 laps five times. He is also one of just two drivers who have finished in the Top 10 in all three races ay 1.5-mile tracks, and he has led the second-most laps in those races.
3. Brad Keselowski
Nobody has delivered better results at Atlanta in recent years than Keselowski. He is the defending winner at the track, and he has two wins and a second-place finishes in his last three starts, leading 20-plus laps in all three races. Keselowski has finished in the Top 10 in all three races at 1.5-mile tracks this year, posting a series-best 5.0 average finish in those starts.
4. Joey Logano
After back-to-back sixth-place finishes at Atlanta in 2017 and 2018, Logano appeared to be headed to a win here last year before cutting a tire while leading late. He picked up a win at Las Vegas in February, and he has scored the most points of any driver in the three races at mile-and-a-half ovals in 2020, leading 20-plus laps in all of them.
5. Ryan Blaney
Blaney hasn't been able to catch a lot of breaks this year, but he has shown as much week-to-week speed as any driver in the series. He led 19 laps and was leading at Las Vegas when a late caution cost him the win, and he finished third in both races at Charlotte. Blaney also led 41 laps at Atlanta last year until pit road issues derailed his day. He should be on the short list of starters in all fantasy formats.
6. Martin Truex Jr.
Truex has been locked in at Atlanta for a while now, reeling off five straight finishes of eighth or better and posting a 5.6 average finish in that span. He also has back-to-back Top 5s here, including a runner-up effort a year ago. Truex showed plenty of speed at Las Vegas before having a tire issue, and he was one of the top contenders in the Coca-Cola 600.
7. Alex Bowman
He finished 15th at Atlanta last year, but Bowman developed into one of the strongest options at 1.5-mile tracks during the second half of last season. The momentum seems to have carried over into 2020 because Bowman has been a threat to win all three races at mile-and-a-half ovals, leading a series-best 215 laps.
8. Kyle Busch
Since winning here in 2013, Busch has been good, not great, at Atlanta. He has three finishes of seventh or better in his last four starts, but he has managed just one Top 5 in his last five races here. Throw in his up-and-down performance in 2020, and this is probably not the track to use him for the Driver Group Game or Fantasy Live.
9. Kurt Busch
They say Atlanta is a "racer's" track, so it should be no surprise that a wheelman like Busch has had success here. No driver has scored more points over the last 10 races at AMS, and during that stretch, Busch has posted a series-leading 6.9 average finish. He has also reeled off four straight Top 10s at Atlanta, including a third-place run last year, and he has led 20-plus laps in three of his last five starts here. This is a great spot to use him as a Group B option for the Driver Group Game, and he has sneaky dominator potential at the DFS sites.
10. Denny Hamlin
He has had his share of awful finishes at Atlanta, including three 38th-place finishes in his last seven starts. On the flip side, Hamlin is also a former winner here, and he has finished fourth and 11th in the last two races. He's a boom-or-bust option, but you have to at least have him on your radar at the DFS sites.
Matthew O'Haren-USA TODAY Sports
11. Erik Jones
Jones always seems to run in or around the Top 10 at the mile-and-a-half ovals, and Atlanta has been no exception. He has a 10.7 average finish in three career starts, cracking the Top 15 in all of them and finishing seventh here a year ago. Jones should be a solid play in most formats this weekend.
12. Jimmie Johnson
He has been in a slump at Atlanta, finishing outside the Top 15 in three straight starts and outside the Top 20 in his last two. However, this used to be one of his best tracks, and Johnson has shown a lot more speed in 2020 than he has the last couple of seasons. After his Top 5 effort at Las Vegas and strong performances at Charlotte, he at least needs to be on your radar for DFS contests.
13. Clint Bowyer
Bowyer tends to run hot and cold at the 1.5-mile ovals, but he has been dialed in at Atlanta since joining Stewart-Haas Racing. He has a 6.3 average finish in three starts here in the No. 14, finishing 11th or better in all three races and notching back-to-back Top 5s. Bowyer could be a real difference-maker at Fantasy Live or as a Group B option for the DGG this weekend.
14. Tyler Reddick
The rookie has been a revelation, showing Top 10 upside on a weekly basis, and finishing eighth and 14th in the two races at Charlotte. Reddick has been the top Group C option in the Driver Group Game, and I don't see that changing this weekend.
15. Aric Almirola
He has cracked the Top 15 in both of his starts at Atlanta with Stewart-Haas Racing and in five of his last six starts at the track overall. Last year, he led 36 laps on his way to an eighth-place finish. I wouldn't count on Almirola leading any laps Sunday, but he should land in the Top 15. He's a safe option to have at your disposal for the DGG.
16. William Byron
Byron has finished 18th and 17th in two starts at Atlanta, but the issue for him continues to be failing to make his results match his speed. Back in February at Las Vegas, he finished sixth and fourth in the first two stages, only to finish 22nd in the race. Byron had a similar outcome in the Coca-Cola 600. He will have Top 10 potential this weekend, but I like him more at the DFS sites than I do in season-long formats.
17. Matt DiBenedetto
The move to Woods Brothers Racing has paid off in a big way for DiBenedetto, and he is now able to flirt with Top 10s on a routine basis, even at the mile-and-a-half ovals. He should at least challenge for a Top 15 at Atlanta, and this might even be a little too conservative of a ranking for DiBenedetto.
18. Ryan Newman
You have to admire his ability to deliver decent finishes almost every week. Outside of a battery issue in the Coca-Cola 600, Newman hasn't finished worse than 17th all season. Granted, he doesn't have the upside of the other midrange options, but you can bank on him challenging for a Top 15.
19. Austin Dillon
He is quietly having himself a solid start to 2020 at the mile-and-a-half tracks, notching two Top 10s and an 8.7 average finish in the three races. Granted, Dillon has struggled at Atlanta, finishing 19th or worse in five of his seven starts and posting a 22.9 average finish overall. Still, he has shown enough this year that I would roll the dice on him for DFS contests or Slingshot Fantasy Auto if he starts deeper in the field Sunday.
20. Chris Buescher
Buescher delivered a ninth-place finish at Atlanta last year, and he went on to have a solid season at the 1.5-mile tracks. He switched teams in the offseason, but after a Top 15 effort at Las Vegas and a Top 10 in the Coca-Cola 600, it looks like his success at the mile-and-a-half ovals wasn't a one-year thing. Buescher should be one of the better sources of cap relief at the DFS sites this weekend.
Jasen Vinlove-USA TODAY Sports
21. Ricky Stenhouse Jr.
Stenhouse has been decent at Atlanta in his career, posting an 18.4 average finish and cracking the Top 20 in six of his seven starts. He has also one of just three drivers who have notched Top 5 finishes in two of the three races at 1.5-mile ovals in 2020. Trusting Stenhouse is always risky, but he could win you a lot of money at the DFS sites if you are willing to roll the dice.
22. Christopher Bell
Bell dominated the XFINITY race at Atlanta last year, and after a rough start to his rookie year, he has been popping up in and around the Top 10 the last few races. Among the Group C option in the DGG, Bell has one of the highest ceilings.
23. Cole Custer
While Custer has yet to have a statement performance in his rookie season, he has been able to find his way into the Top 20 most weeks, and he has a 16.3 average finish in the three races at 1.5-mile tracks. If you want to save a start from Tyler Reddick in the Driver Group Game C, his mid-pack floor makes him one of the safest alternatives.
24. Matt Kenseth
Whether it is his driving style with this rules package or just bad luck, Kenseth's returned to the Cup Series has been plagued by tire issues. He owns a 21.0 average finish after five starts, and he finished 26th and 23rd in the two races at Charlotte. I will be looking elsewhere for Group C options for the Driver Group Game until he delivers some better results.
25. John Hunter Nemechek
I hope some bigger teams are paying attention because what Nemechek has been doing in Front Row Motorsports equipment has been impressive. Finishing in the Top 25 consistently would have been elevating this organization, and he is challenging for Top 15s somewhat regularly. Nemechek has a 17.7 average finish in the three races at 1.5-mile tracks, and he will be a viable Group C option in the DGG this weekend.
26. Ty Dillon
The 1.5-mile tracks typically aren't his strong suit, and Dillon has posted a 21.6 average finish in five starts at Atlanta, finishing 26th and 25th in the last two races here. After two lackluster runs at Charlotte, he is little more than a DFS punt option heading into Sunday's race.
27. Bubba Wallace
Wallace has shown some legitimate Top 15 speed at times this year, and he had a Top 10 run going in the second race at Charlotte. Unfortunately, mechanical issues have been common, and Wallace himself criticized the team for not being able to afford parts. If he starts deep in the field, he can be a high-risk, high-reward source of cap relief for Slingshot or DFS contests, but there is no reliability here.
28. Ryan Preece
He struggled at the 1.5-mile tracks as a rookie, and while Preece has shown a little more speed at times in 2020, he still struggles to crack the Top 20 most weeks. He needs to start outside the Top 30 to have any value, and even then, his upside is limited.
29. Corey LaJoie
LaJoie does the best with what he has to work with, and he delivered to respectable efforts at the 1.5-mile ovals, posting a 19.3 average finish. His fantasy value is qualifying dependent, but his price tag at the DFS sites is usually next to nothing. There is some punt play potential in the right circumstances.
30. Michael McDowell
He has had some Top 20 performances in 2020, but even with an 18th-place finish in the Coca-Cola 600, McDowell still owns a 26.3 average finish in the three races at 1.5-mile tracks this year. Maybe he sneaks into the Top 25, but you should be able to find better sources of cap relief this weekend.
Atlanta Driver Rankings
Atlanta Fantasy NASCAR Rankings
Fantasy NASCAR
Fantasy NASCAR Driver Rankings
Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500
Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500 Driver Rankings
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Country Chapters
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Guide to Arbitration Rules and Procedures in Thailand
Our Country Chapters set out key aspects of the arbitration framework of each jurisdiction highlighted in our website, covering basics like judicial hierarchy and domestic arbitral institutions to substantive issues such as conflicts of laws and the extent of adoption of the UNCITRAL Model Law. New topics will be added periodically, with recent additions such as responding to court proceedings in breach of the arbitration agreement, tribunal powers and jurisdictions, and more.
1. Legal System and Framework
1.1 What are the key facets of the legal system? Can it be described as a common law, civil law or mixed system? What are the main rule making bodies?
Thailand has a civil law legal system. Primary legislation is enacted by parliament, and subsidiary legislation such as rules and regulations are made by various government ministries and agencies under powers conferred by primary legislation.
The Thai legal system does not have the doctrine of precedent, and rulings from the higher courts are not binding upon the lower courts. However, in practice, judgments of the Supreme Court in relation to the same factual and legal matters do have much influence on the decision-making process of the judges of the lower courts. It would be very unusual for a judge to decline to follow a previous judgment of a superior court, and in particular a ruling of the Supreme Court, dealing with the same or similar issue. Only selected judgments of the Supreme Court are summarised and published.
1.2 What is the judicial framework relevant to international arbitration? What are the relevant courts and levels of appeals?
The Thai judiciary has a three-tier system: (i) the Courts of First Instance, (ii) the Courts of Appeal and (iii) the Supreme Court. For arbitration, only the Courts of First Instance and the Supreme Court are relevant.
According to section 45 of the Arbitration Act B.E. 2545 (A.D. 2002), as amended, ("Arbitration Act"), orders or judgments of the Courts of First Instance which have been issued under the Arbitration Act cannot be appealed except in the following cases:
the recognition or enforcement of the award is contrary to public policy;
the order or judgment is contrary to the provisions of law concerning public policy;
the order or judgment is not in accordance with the arbitral award;
a judge who sat in the case gave a dissenting opinion; or
the order is an order concerning interim measures for protection.
An appeal against an order or judgment of the Court of First Instance must be filed with the Supreme Court or the Supreme Administrative Court, as the case may be.
Under the Arbitration Act, parties cannot appeal on substantive grounds against an award. An application for enforcement of an award may be filed with the Court of First Instance. After the Court of First Instance has issued an order enforcing or refusing recognition of the award, an appeal against such order of the Court of First Instance may be filed with the Supreme Court or the Supreme Administrative Court, as the case may be.
1.3 What are the main sources of law in your country with respect to international arbitration?
The Arbitration Act is the main source of law in Thailand which governs arbitral proceedings.
1.4 Has the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration been adopted? If so, has there been any departure from it? If it has not been adopted, what are the main differences between domestic laws and the UNCITRAL Model Law?
The Arbitration Act explicitly acknowledges that it is based on the UNCITRAL Model Law. The two main differences between the Arbitration Act and the UNCITRAL Model law are that the Arbitration Act (i) draws no distinction between international and domestic arbitration, and (ii) does not provide the arbitral tribunal with the power to order interim measures.
1.5 Do domestic laws draw a distinction between international and domestic arbitration? How is an international arbitration defined?
The Arbitration Act does not draw a distinction between international and domestic arbitration.
Based on our review of past Supreme Court decisions which are publicly available, there is yet to be a Supreme Court decision on whether the provisions of the Arbitration Act are only applicable to arbitral proceedings seated in Thailand, with the exception of section 40. Section 40 relates to the challenge of an award, and the Supreme Court has held it to be applicable only to awards that have been rendered in Thailand. In reaching such conclusion, the Supreme Court considered the fact that the Arbitration Act was drafted based on the UNCITRAL Model Law and interpreted section 40 in accordance with the UNCITRAL Model Law.
1.6 In what circumstances will the courts support, intervene, or interfere in the arbitration process?
The courts in Thailand are empowered to support and assist arbitral proceedings. Under the Arbitration Act, the courts can assist by: (a) issuing an order imposing interim measures to protect a party's interests before or during the arbitral proceedings; and (b) issuing a subpoena or an order for submission of any documents or materials.
2. Arbitral Institutions
2.1 What are the significant arbitral institutions?
The significant arbitral institutions in Thailand are the Thai Arbitration Institute ("TAI"), which is an agency of the Office of the Judiciary, and the Thailand Arbitration Center ("THAC").
Both TAI and THAC have introduced an e-arbitration system. In order to provide a quicker and more cost-effective arbitration process, TAI and THAC have introduced arbitration rules for small claims. The TAI arbitration rules for small claims are applicable where the combined claim amount under the claim and counterclaim is no more than THB 2 million. The THAC arbitration rules for small claims are applicable where the combined claim amount under the claim and counterclaim is no more than THB 35 million.
The TAI Arbitration Rules provide the arbitral tribunal with the power to grant interim measures of protection as it deems appropriate, and to direct the party requesting such interim measures to provide appropriate security for any damage that may arise in connection with the measures.
The THAC Arbitration Rules provide the arbitral tribunal with the power to issue an order for any party to provide security for legal or other costs as the arbitral tribunal finds appropriate. THAC has also enacted rules on mediation which would apply where the parties have agreed to mediate under the management of THAC.
3.1 Are arbitral proceedings confidential?
The Arbitration Act is silent on the issue of confidentiality. Confidentiality can be ensured by agreement between the parties, in the terms of reference or by the rules of the arbitral institution.
Article 36 of TAI Arbitration Rules provides that:
All arbitration proceedings, the statement of claims, the statement of defence, correspondences, documents, evidences, hearings, orders, and awards are confidential.
The parties, the arbitral tribunal and the Institute shall not disclose all or certain matters relating to the arbitral proceedings except
with the consent of the parties;
for the purpose of obtaining protection or exercising rights under the law, or enforcing or challenging an award; or
where there is a duty to disclose as prescribed by the law.
Article 87 of THAC Rules 2015 provides that:
A party or any arbitrator, including the President, the Registrar, officials, employees and staff shall not disclose to a third person any matter relating to the arbitration proceedings, except where the parties have provided written consent, or in the following circumstances:
to file a motion to a court to enforce or set aside an award;
to comply with an order or summons from a court with jurisdiction over the arbitration proceedings;
to enforce a legal right;
to comply with the legal provisions of a country which are binding on the party making the disclosure;
to comply with the request or requirement of an entity which regulates activities related to arbitration proceedings; or
to comply with an order by the arbitral tribunal pursuant to a request by a party which has been notified the other party.
The matters relating to arbitration proceedings include the facts relating to the proceedings, the names of arbitrators, statements, evidence, witness, or any object used in the proceedings and all the documents produced by the other party during the proceedings as well as the award made following the proceedings, except for matters already in the public domain.
4. The Law of the Arbitration and Conflicts of Law
4.1 What principles and/or rules are applied in determining the applicability of domestic laws to an arbitration? Do domestic laws recognise the concept of the seat of arbitration in determining the law applicable to the arbitral proceedings?
The Arbitration Act is silent on this. Section 25 of the Arbitration Act provides that the arbitral tribunal has the power to conduct any proceedings in any manner as it deems appropriate and, in conducting the proceedings, may apply the provision on the law of evidence under the Civil Procedure Code to the proceedings mutatis mutandis.
Based on our review of past Supreme Court decisions which are publicly available, there is yet to be a Supreme Court decision on whether the provisions of the Arbitration Act are only applicable to arbitral proceedings seated in Thailand, with the exception of section 40. Section 40 relates to the challenge of an award, and the Supreme Court has held it to be applicable only to awards that have been rendered in Thailand.
The concept of the seat of arbitration appears to be implicitly recognised in section 43(5) of the Arbitration Act, which provides that the Thai Court may refuse enforcement of the arbitral award if the arbitration procedure was not in accordance with the agreement of the parties or, in the absence of such agreement, was not in accordance with the law of the country where the award was rendered.
4.2 What principles and/or rules are applied in determining the law applicable to the substance of the parties' dispute?
Section 34 of the Arbitration Act requires the arbitral tribunal to decide the substance of the parties' dispute in accordance with the governing law chosen by the parties. If no agreement between the parties on the governing law exists, the arbitral tribunal will have to decide the dispute in accordance with Thai law, unless there is a conflict of laws. In such cases, the arbitral tribunal may apply the law it considers appropriate with reference to the principles applicable to conflict of laws.
4.3 Do domestic laws permit the arbitral tribunal to recognise a foreign law agreed by the parties to be the substantive law governing the parties' obligations with respect to the subject matter of the dispute, and apply the foreign law accordingly?
The arbitral tribunal in Thailand is able to recognise that parties have agreed to apply the law of another jurisdiction to their substantive obligations with respect to the subject matter of the dispute.
4.4 Are there any mandatory rules of substantive law which would apply to the parties' rights and obligations solely due to the arbitration being seated in your country (and assuming that there is no other connection between the dispute and your country)?
The Arbitration Act is silent on this. According to the Conflict of Laws Act B.E. 2481 (A.D. 1938), foreign laws can be applied only to the extent that the foreign law provision in question is not contrary to public order or good morals of the people of Thailand.
4.5 What rules apply in determining the applicable law to claims in tort where the arbitration is governed by domestic laws?
The Arbitration Act is silent on this. According to the Conflict of Laws Act B.E. 2481 (A.D. 1938), the applicable law to claims in tort is the law of the place where the facts constituting such tort have taken place; however, damages or remedies can only be claimed to the extent that they are available under Thai law.
4.6 Do domestic laws draw a distinction between the law applicable to the arbitration and the law governing the arbitration agreement?
Section 34 of the Arbitration Act requires the arbitral tribunal to decide the substance of the parties' dispute in accordance with the governing law chosen by the parties. Therefore, unless specified otherwise, the law governing the contract in which the arbitration agreement is contained should be considered to be the law governing the arbitration agreement.
With regard to the law applicable to the conduct of the arbitral proceedings, section 25 of the Arbitration Act provides that the arbitral tribunal has the power to conduct any proceedings in any manner as it deems appropriate. In conducting the proceedings, the arbitral tribunal may apply the provision on the law of evidence under the Civil Procedure Code to the proceedings mutatis mutandis.
4.7 What is the local approach to limitation periods? Are they considered procedural or substantive, and would an international arbitration agreement to arbitrate in your country be a basis for domestic limitation periods to apply to the dispute?
Limitation periods are considered substantive issues and are therefore determined by reference to the law of the contract.
Where the substantive law governing the dispute is Thai law, an action founded on contract must be brought within 10 years from the date on which the cause of action accrued.
Based on our review of past Supreme Court decisions which are publicly available, there is yet to be a Supreme Court decision on whether the limitation period stipulated by the applicable foreign law will apply if the substantive law governing the dispute is not Thai law.
5. Arbitration Agreements
5.1 What are the requirements for a binding and enforceable arbitration agreement?
An arbitration agreement must be in writing and signed by the parties, with an exception provided for the following two cases:
where it is contained in an exchange between the parties by means of letters, facsimiles, telegrams, telex, data interchanges with electronic signatures, or other means which provide a record of the agreement; or
where there is an exchange of statements of claim and defence in which the existence of an arbitration agreement is alleged by one party and no objection is raised by the other party.
5.2 Are electronic arbitration agreements recognised? What are the requirements for recognition?
Based on our review of past Supreme Court decisions which are publicly available, there is yet to be a Supreme Court decision which deals with the validity of electronic arbitration agreements. Electronic arbitration agreements should be recognised provided that they satisfy the requirements under section 11, paragraph 2 of the Arbitration Act which provides that an arbitration agreement may be contained in an exchange between the parties by means of data interchanges with electronic signatures or other means which provide a record of the agreement.
5.3 What is the law regarding the incorporation of an arbitration agreement by reference?
Section 11, paragraph 3 of the Arbitration Act provides that "the reference in a contract evidenced in writing to any document containing an arbitration clause constitutes an arbitration agreement, provided that the reference is such as to make that clause part of the contract."
5.4 What principles are applied in your jurisdiction in determining whether a dispute falls within the scope of the arbitration agreement? Would non-contractual (e.g. tortious, or statutory) claims fall within the ambit of an arbitration agreement? Are claims in fraud arbitrable?
Section 11, paragraph 1 of the Arbitration Act provides that an arbitration agreement means an agreement by the parties to submit to arbitration all or certain disputes which have arisen or which may arise between them in respect of a defined legal relationship, whether contractual or not. This suggests that the parties may agree to submit non-contractual claims to arbitration.
Section 44 of the Arbitration Act provides that the Thai Court may dismiss the application for enforcement of an award if it finds that the award involves a dispute not capable of settlement by arbitration under the law or if the enforcement would be contrary to public policy or good morals of the people.
The Arbitration Act and the Civil Procedure Code are silent as to which kinds of dispute are subject to the mandatory jurisdiction of Thai Courts.
In light of the above, it could be inferred that disputes which are not arbitrable include disputes which would result in a violation of public policy or good morals of the people if they are allowed to be determined by arbitration. It is generally accepted that a dispute which relates to a person's status, such as a dispute concerning whether a person is married or divorced, is not arbitrable. Based on our review of past Supreme Court decisions which are publicly available, there is yet to be a Supreme Court decision which deals with whether claims in fraud are arbitrable.
5.5 Is the principle of separability recognised? Accordingly, would the invalidity or unenforceability of the contract in which the arbitration agreement is found necessarily result in the invalidity of the arbitration agreement as well?
Thai law recognises the separability of arbitration agreements. An arbitration clause that forms part of a contract is treated as an agreement independent of the other terms of the contract. Therefore, a decision by the arbitral tribunal that a contract is null and void does not in and of itself mean that the arbitration clause contained therein is invalid (section 24 of the Arbitration Act).
6. Proceedings in Breach of the Arbitration Agreement
6.1 Does an arbitration agreement prevent a party from initiating action in the domestic courts if the dispute falls within the scope of the arbitration agreement?
6.2 Describe the procedural steps that would be taken in response to a party commencing proceedings in the courts in your jurisdiction, assuming the dispute falls within the scope of the arbitration agreement. What difference would it make if the arbitration clause provides for the arbitration to be seated in a foreign jurisdiction?
Pursuant to section 14 of the Arbitration Act B.E. 2545 (2002) ("Arbitration Act"), the other party can file a motion requesting the Thai court to strike out the case. If the court finds no ground for rendering the arbitration agreement void, unenforceable, or impossible to perform after having conducted an inquiry, it will have to issue an order to strike out the case, enabling the parties to proceed with arbitration.
The same applies if the arbitration clause provides for the arbitration to be seated in a foreign jurisdiction.
6.3 Is there a domestic equivalent of an anti-suit injunction? In what circumstances might such an injunction be granted? Would the courts in your jurisdiction be competent to grant such an injunction in order to protect a right to arbitrate? What difference would it make if the arbitration agreement provided for the arbitration to be seated in a foreign jurisdiction?
6.4 What other relief might be available to a party when responding to proceedings initiated in breach of an arbitration agreement? Is the principle of separability recognised? Accordingly, would the invalidity or unenforceability of the contract in which the arbitration agreement is found necessarily result in the invalidity of the arbitration agreement as well?
No other relief is available.
7. Jurisdiction and Powers of the Arbitral Tribunal
7.1 Are there limitations on the types or subject matter of disputes that can be referred to arbitration? What is the approach taken in determining whether a dispute is 'arbitrable'?
Yes. Although the Arbitration Act is silent on these issues, it is generally accepted that the following types of disputes are not arbitrable:
criminal disputes;
commercial disputes which are against public policy or relate to a person's status (e.g. disputes concerning whether a person is married or divorced); and
disputes which the law expressly requires to be submitted to the courts for adjudication (e.g. claims for a limited company's dissolution).
7.2 What are a tribunal's powers with respect to the grant of final relief? Are there any limitations on those powers?
Although the Arbitration Act is silent on these issues, it is generally accepted that an arbitral tribunal may award any remedy or relief that could have been ordered by the Thai courts if the dispute had been the subject of civil proceedings in the Thai courts.
7.3 What powers would a tribunal seated in your jurisdiction have with respect to the grant of interim relief? What are the limitations on those powers? Is there any difference if the arbitration is seated in your jurisdiction or in a foreign jurisdiction?
The Arbitration Act does not provide the arbitral tribunal with the power to grant interim relief. That said, interim relief may be ordered by the arbitral tribunal if such power is provided for under the arbitration rules chosen by the parties.
However, as there is no provision under the Arbitration Act which provides for the enforcement of an order of the arbitral tribunal, there is a practical problem concerning how to enforce interim measures granted by an arbitral tribunal in case of non-compliance.
The same applies regardless of whether the arbitration is seated in Thailand or in a foreign jurisdiction.
7.4 How are orders for interim relief enforced in your jurisdiction? Is there any difference if the arbitration is seated in your jurisdiction or in a foreign jurisdiction?
As stated above, as there is no provision under the Arbitration Act which provides for the enforcement of an order of the arbitral tribunal, there is a practical problem concerning how to enforce interim measures granted by an arbitral tribunal in case of non-compliance.
7.5 In what circumstances, if any, would the courts in your jurisdiction have power to grant interim relief associated with arbitral proceedings and/or the subject of dispute of the arbitral proceedings? Is there any difference if the arbitration is seated in your jurisdiction or in a foreign jurisdiction?
Pursuant to section 16 of the Arbitration Act, a party seeking interim relief is entitled to file a motion to the competent Thai court and, if the court believes that it would have been able to issue such an order had the proceedings been conducted in court, it may issue an order granting interim relief as requested. Interim measures that may be ordered by the Thai court are limited to interim measures under the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code, which may include but are not limited to orders for security for costs, seizure or attachment orders, injunctions, and orders requiring government authorities to suspend any registration with regard to the property in dispute.
The Arbitration Act is silent on whether the right to apply to the competent Thai court for an order for interim relief under section 16 of the Arbitration Act is available if the arbitration is seated in a foreign jurisdiction.
7.6 Is the concept of an emergency arbitrator recognised in your jurisdiction?
The Arbitration Act is silent on emergency arbitrators. Nor has there been a Supreme Court decision that recognises the concept of an emergency arbitrator. However, if an emergency arbitrator is appointed in accordance with the applicable arbitration rules, it is possible that a challenge to his/her appointment may not succeed.
7.7 The doctrine of kompetenz-kompetenz holds that the arbitral tribunal has the jurisdiction to determine its own jurisdiction, at least in the first instance. Is the doctrine recognised in your jurisdiction? How is it applied?
Yes, the doctrine of kompetenz-kompetenz is recognised in Thailand. In essence, the substance of Article 16 of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration is encapsulated in section 24 of the Arbitration Act.
Pursuant to section 24, the arbitral tribunal is competent to rule on its own jurisdiction, including the existence or validity of the arbitration agreement, the validity of the appointment of the arbitral tribunal, and issues of dispute falling within the scope of its authority. A plea that the arbitral tribunal does not have jurisdiction must be raised no later than the submission of the statement of defence while a plea that the arbitral tribunal is exceeding the scope of its authority must be raised as soon as the matter alleged to be beyond the scope of its authority is raised during the arbitral proceedings. The arbitral tribunal may rule on its jurisdiction either as a preliminary question or in an award on the merits.
8. Appointment of Arbitrators, Challenge, and Liability
8.1 Please describe the default rules that apply with respect to the constitution of the arbitral tribunal under the laws of your jurisdiction.
Parties are at liberty to agree on the constitution of the arbitral tribunal as well as the number of arbitrators on the tribunal. Section 17 of the Arbitration Act provides that the arbitral tribunal shall be composed of an uneven number of arbitrators. If the parties have agreed on an even number, the arbitrators shall jointly appoint an additional arbitrator who shall act as the chairman of the arbitral tribunal. If however the parties have not agreed on the number of arbitrators, a sole arbitrator shall be appointed.
Where the parties have agreed that the arbitral tribunal shall consist of more than one arbitrator, section 18 of the Arbitration Act provides that each party shall appoint an equal number of arbitrators, and the appointed arbitrators shall jointly appoint the chairman of the arbitral tribunal.
8.2 Where the parties have agreed to arbitrate but have not agreed on a mechanism for the appointment of the tribunal, does the law of your jurisdiction fill the gap? How is the gap filled, and who would ultimately decide on the identity of the arbitrator(s)?
Yes. Under section 18(1) and (2) of the Arbitration Act, the Thai courts may appoint an arbitrator upon request of a party in the following circumstances:
The parties are unable to agree on the sole arbitrator;
A party fails to appoint an arbitrator within 30 days of receipt of a request to do so from the other party; or
The appointed arbitrators are unable to jointly appoint the chairman of the arbitral tribunal within 30 days of their appointment.
8.3 What requirements are imposed on arbitrators with respect to neutrality and conflicts of interest? What other controls or limitations are there on a party's or the parties' choice of arbitrator?
Section 19, second paragraph, of the Arbitration Act requires a prospective arbitrator to disclose any circumstances likely to give rise to justifiable doubts as to his/her impartiality or independence. The obligation is ongoing, requiring the arbitrator to disclose any such circumstances throughout the arbitral proceedings.
Apart from this, the Arbitration Act does not impose any requirements or restrictions on a party's or the parties' choice of arbitrator.
8.4 Would the parties' agreed limitations on the persons they can select as arbitrator be recognised and given effect to (for example, with respect to an arbitrator's qualifications)?
Yes. If the parties' agreed limitations are not given effect to, the award rendered may be liable to be set aside pursuant to section 40(1)(e) of the Arbitration Act, i.e., on the ground that the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitral procedure was not in accordance with the agreement of the parties.
8.5 Describe the grounds and procedure for challenging an arbitrator's appointment, including relevant timelines.
Pursuant to section 19, third paragraph, of the Arbitration Act, an arbitrator's appointment may be challenged if circumstances exist that give rise to justifiable doubts as to his/her impartiality or independence, or if the arbitrator does not possess any requisite qualification on which the parties have agreed ("grounds for challenge"). However, a party cannot challenge an arbitrator that it has appointed or in whose appointment it has participated, except where such party was not aware of or could not have become aware of the grounds for challenge at the time of the appointment.
The procedures for challenging the appointment of an arbitrator are set out in section 20 of the Arbitration Act.
Where there is one arbitrator:
The challenging party can request the Thai court to decide on the challenge within 30 days of becoming aware of either the appointment of the arbitrator or ground/s for challenge.
Where there is more than one arbitrator:
The challenging party can file a statement with the arbitral tribunal stating the grounds for the challenge within 15 days of becoming aware of the appointment or ground/s for challenge.
If the challenge is unsuccessful, the challenging party can request the Thai court to decide on the challenge within 30 days of receiving notice of the decision to reject the challenge.
8.6 To what extent would an arbitrator be immune from liability?
According to section 23 of the Arbitration Act, arbitrators will not be liable for any civil liabilities arising from any act performed in the course of their duties as arbitrators, unless such duties have been performed wilfully or with gross negligence causing damage to either party.
9. Party Representation
9.1 Are there any restrictions as to the parties' representation in arbitral proceedings conducted in your jurisdiction?
The Arbitration Act (No. 2) B.E. 2562 (A.D. 2019), which came into force on 15 April 2019, has introduced amendments to the Arbitration Act to expressly allow the appointment of foreigners as representatives, subject to the requirements to obtain visas and/or work permits. That said, foreign representatives are still prohibited from acting as representatives in arbitration proceedings in Thailand where the dispute is governed by Thai law.
Further details are available in our August 2021 article titled "Relaxation of Limitations for Foreign Arbitrators or Representatives in Thai Arbitral Proceedings".
9.2 If foreign representation is permitted, are there any rules of etiquette or conduct under the law of jurisdiction that would apply to the party's representatives?
9.3 To what extent does domestic practice reflect the IBA Guidelines on Party Representation in International Arbitration?
From experience, the domestic practice in Thailand should largely reflect the IBA Guidelines on Party Representation in International Arbitration.
Please contact the editorial team of Arbitration Asia at arbitrationasia@rajahtannasia.com.
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Please contact the editorial team at arbitrationasia@rajahtannasia.com.
Rajah & Tann Asia is a network of member firms with local legal practices in Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Our Asian network also includes our regional office in China as well as regional desks focused on Brunei, Japan and South Asia. Member firms are independently constituted and regulated in accordance with relevant local requirements.
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Please note also that whilst the information on this website is correct to the best of our knowledge and belief at the time of writing, it is only intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter and should not be treated as legal advice or a substitute for specific professional advice for any particular course of action as such information may not suit your specific business and operational requirements. You should seek legal advice for your specific situation. In addition, the information on this website does not create any relationship, whether legally binding or otherwise. Rajah & Tann Asia and its member firms do not accept, and fully disclaim, responsibility for any loss or damage which may result from accessing or relying on the information on this website.
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Douglas Products is a diverse company, made up of divisions ranging from Agriculture commodity and safety products to municipal sewer treatments and more. This line of product offerings is strong and the customer base of this 100 year old brand is solid and growing. Fuller Creative came on to execute day to day marketing and design needs as well as the 2013 website overhaul, a 2014 rebrand and numerous print designs, product logos, advertisements, collateral and more along the way. We set about to keep Douglas cruising at high altitude while adding value and design aesthetics that matched the stature of this longstanding institution. As we move forward, building on the foundation that each product offers, Fuller Creative will expand it's marketing into more diverse channels, utilizing timeless strategies to create campaigns that provoke action in their customers.


This iconic landmark is a welcome center for visitors and Chicago residents alike. Once the central public library, it shifted to a public arts and events center in 1977. In addition to offering a rich variety of cultural events year-round, it's stocked with maps, rest areas, and wifi——all free of charge! The best way to explore is to walk around the building: take the stairs and take it all in. There's two stained glass domes and special exhibitions spaces throughout the building.


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Feb 3, 2012 ΞComments are off
Ferrari F1 Stars Alonso And Massa Drive Jeeps?
Filed under Automotive, F1, Ferrari, Jeep, News
Fernando Alonso and Felipe Massa pose with their new Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT8s
Formula One drivers aren't like you and I. They live in nicer houses, have bigger bank accounts and sometimes have garages filled with lustworthy cars. Jenson Button, for example, used to own a Bugatti Veyron, and the McLaren Mercedes driver recently sold his classic Ferrari 512 BB. It's not uncommon for automakers partnered with F1 teams to give drivers their wares, since it's clearly good advertising for the brand. Current world champion Sebastian Vettel drives an FX50 crossover from team sponsor Infiniti, and we'd be willing to bet he didn't pay list price for it.
Ferrari recently issued new company cars to team drivers Fernando Alonso and Felipe Massa. Instead of giving them Ferrari FFs (too long of a wait list for paying customers), or Ferrari 458 Italias (too impractical), the F1 stars each received a brand new Jeep Grand Cherokee. If you're puzzled by the tie-in, remember the family tree that Jeep is now part of. The brand falls under Chrysler, which falls under Fiat, and so does Ferrari, Maserati, Alfa Romeo, Lancia and a host of other industry brands.
If you're guessing that they didn't receive off-the-shelf Jeeps, you'd be correct. For starters, the Jeeps were SRT8 models, packing 470 horsepower and 465 pound feet of torque. The trucks were dropped an inch and a half for better handling, before being fitted with custom 20-inch wheel. To honor Ferrari, each was sprayed in Rosso Corsa before being trimmed with a matte black roof and gloss black body stripe.
Inside, the seats, door panels, center armrest and instrument surround are finished in red leather, appropriated from Ferrari's own inventory. Instrument faces are finished in yellow, which links them back to the dials of Ferrari's GT cars.
Alonso and Massa now have the first two Jeep Grand Cherokees in Europe, while other buyers in the EU will have to wait until summer to get one of their own
2012 Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT8 Ferrari Formula One Kurt


WordPress is the most important website platform on the planet right now. And the reason for that is it's very easy to use and you can adapt it to your needs all the time. The best part about having a WordPress website is that it will enable you to get all the information you want fast and easy.
In addition, it's inexpensive to create and launch a WordPress website. But reaching its true potential may be a bit harder than you would imagine. Here are some tips to help you with that.
What you may not realize about WordPress is that despite being fast, it still needs a very fast hosting service. So yes, you have to browse the web and see what hosting service works for you. Ideally, you want one that doesn't have any downtime, whose speed is very fast and which brings you really good support. The better the support you can get, the better the ROI you can receive from this.
So yes, try to take that into consideration if you want to obtain the best possible results.
You will have to figure out the WordPress website name and niche the best way that you can. Ideally, you want to make sure that you avoid using something outside the website idea and brand. Make it simple, but not too simple. The focus has to be on picking a niche which you are comfortable with and where you do have enough stuff to say.
While you can stick with the regular WordPress theme, you have to realize that most of the time the better idea is to select a premium theme. It makes your website stand out a bit more. After all, there are lots of websites that may very well look similar to yours. So, you do need to figure out a way to adapt all these things to your own needs.
Once you do that, nothing will stand in your way. Preview the WordPress theme before you buy it, just to make sure that you like it.
There are some great and popular premium WordPress themes such as Genesis themes from Studiopress and Thrive themes you can use for your blogs. They are the most professionally designed, SEO-optimized, secure and fast loading themes.
Check out the review of genesis framework and Thrive Themes.
The success of a good WordPress website will rely on plugins quite a bit. Plugins allow you to expand on the WordPress functionality, and you do have lots of options and features in here. The idea is to use the best WordPress plugins for speed, for visuals, security and also for quality. The better you focus on results here, the more interesting the experience will be in the first place.
Of course, once you get all of that out of the way, you do need to create proper content. You may not know this but creating the right content and publishing often is quite demanding and tough. Sure, you can curate content, but it's important to have original and high-quality content in there as well. It will be well worth the effort, and the return on investment will be a tremendous one for you.
And yes, security is extremely important on WordPress. It may be one of the easiest to use platforms, but it also ends up being attacked. So, to secure your WordPress website from hackers, you need to opt for HTTPS first and foremost, and you also have to put a lot of attention to detail and on value or quality. It will be very well worth the effort, especially if you use security plugins, some hardware and software level solutions, etc.
The more security you focus on, the better the results will be, so try to use that to your advantage if you can.
The best WordPress website also needs to have proper marketing. The idea here is to include all the features you want in here. It will come in handy if you have social media pages, as those are very important if you want to spread the word very fast.
You can't create a good WordPress website without focusing on analytics. Those will provide you with all the information you need in order to keep your website running the best way that you can. It's a great opportunity to focus on and the results can be very impressive this way too, which is always nice.
These are some of the most important things to focus on when you create a WordPress website. Take your time with this and make sure that you adjust everything in a meaningful way. The more you focus on results and value, the better it will be for you.
But remember, nothing is more important than quality here, so the quality does have to be the very best you can offer out there. Which means you have to consider all potential challenges that appear and prepare for them. It can be a challenge, but it's one you will enjoy a lot in the long run!
A neat post outlining all the tips for creating a blog. Thanks for sharing.