text:
Elmina Castle
Title: Elmina Castle
Subject: Elmina, Portuguese Gold Coast, List of castles in Ghana, Dutch Gold Coast, History of Ghana
Collection: African Slave Trade, Buildings and Structures Completed in 1482, Castles in Ghana, Dutch Gold Coast, Elmina, History of Ghana, Maritime History of Portugal, Portuguese Colonial Architecture, Portuguese Forts, Portuguese Gold Coast, World Heritage Sites in Ghana
St. George Castle
Elmina Castle in the Blaeu-Van der Hem Atlas.
Elmina Castle was erected by Feitoria da Mina) in present-day Elmina, Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast). It was the first trading post built on the Gulf of Guinea, so is the oldest European building in existence below the Sahara. First established as a trade settlement, the castle later became one of the most important stops on the route of the Atlantic slave trade. The Dutch seized the fort from the Portuguese in 1637, and took over all the Portuguese Gold Coast in 1642. The slave trade continued under the Dutch until 1814; in 1872 the Dutch Gold Coast, including the fort, became a possession of the British Empire.
Britain granted the Gold Coast its independence in 1957, and control of the castle was transferred to the nation formed out of the colony, present-day Ghana. Today Elmina Castle is a popular historical site, and was a major filming location for Werner Herzog's 1987 drama film Cobra Verde. The castle is recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Pre-Portuguese 1
Portuguese arrival 2
Immediate impact 4
Atlantic slave trade 5
Control by other European nations 6
Castle Images 8
Pre-Portuguese
The people living along the West African coast at Elmina around the fifteenth century were presumably Fante. The Fante ethnicity bears an uncertain relationship to "Akan," itself a word connoting originality from the root word, "kan", to be first or original. Among their ancestors were merchants and miners trading gold into the Mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds from medieval times. The ancestors of the Akan-speakers of the forests however undoubtedly came from north of the forest.
The people on the West African coast were organized into numerous populations that were drawn according to kinship lines. Family was extremely important in society, and family heads were united in communities under a recognized local authority. Along the Gold Coast alone, more than twenty independent kingdom-states existed. Elmina lay between two different Fante kingdoms, Fetu and Eguafo. While there was a relative degree of interstate rivalry, peoples generally intermingled freely. Trade between localities was important for the economy. The coastal people also had strong trade relations with the Sudanese empires to the north.
St. Georges Castle Elmina Cape Coast
West Africans nurtured ancient connections to other parts of the world. Common metals trade, iconic artistic forms, and agricultural borrowing show that trans-Saharan and regional coastal connections thrived. The Portuguese in 1471 were the first Europeans to visit the Gold Coast as such, but not necessarily the first sailors to reach the port.
Portuguese arrival
Two 16th century maps of African coast, showing A mina (the mine)
The Portuguese first reached what became known as the Gold Coast in 1471. Prince Henry the Navigator first sent ships to explore the African coast in 1418. The Portuguese had several motives for voyaging south. They were attracted by rumors of fertile African lands that were rich in gold and ivory. They also sought a southern route to India so as to circumvent Arab traders and establish direct trade with Asia. In line with the strong religious sentiments of the time, another focus of the Portuguese was Christian proselitism. They also sought to form an alliance with the legendary Prester John, who was believed to be the leader of a great Christian nation somewhere in Africa.
These motives prompted the Portuguese to develop the Guinea trade. They made gradual progress down the African coast, each voyage reaching a point further along than the last. After fifty years of coastal exploration, the Portuguese finally reached Elmina in 1471, during the reign of King Afonso V. However, because Portuguese royalty had lost interest in African exploration as a result of meager returns, the Guinea trade was put under the oversight of the Portuguese trader, Fernão Gomes. Upon reaching present day Elmina, Gomes discovered a thriving gold trade already established among the natives and visiting Arab and Berber traders. He established his own trading post, and it became known to the Portuguese as "A Mina" (the Mine) because of the gold that could be found there.
Elmina Castle viewed from the sea in 1668. Notice European shipping in foreground and African houses/town shown in left hand corner and in various areas around the fort.
Trade between Elmina and Portugal grew throughout the decade following the establishment of the trading post under Gomes. In 1481, the recently crowned João II decided to build a fort on the coast in order to ensure the protection of this trade, which was once again held as a royal monopoly. King João sent all of the materials needed to build the fort on ten caravels and two transport ships. The supplies, which included everything from heavy foundation stones to roof tiles, were sent, in pre-fitted form, along with provisions for six hundred men. Under the command of Diogo de Azambuja, the fleet set sail on 12 December 1481 and arrived at Elmina, in a village called Of Two Parts[1] a little over a month later, on 19 January 1482. Some historians note that Christopher Columbus was among those to make the voyage to the Gold Coast with this fleet.
Upon arrival, Azambuja contracted a Portuguese trader, who had lived at Elmina for some time, to arrange and interpret an official meeting with the local chief, Kwamin Ansah (interpreted from the Portuguese, "Caramansa"). Concealing his self-interest with elegant manners and friendliness, Azambuja told the chief of the great advantages in building a fort, including protection from the very powerful king of Portugal. During the meeting, Azambuja and Chief Kwamin Ansah both participated in a massive peace ritual that included a feast, live musicians, and many participants, both Portuguese and native.[1] Chief Kwamin Ansah, while accepting Azambuja, as he had any other Portuguese trader who arrived on his coast, was wary of a permanent settlement. However, with firm plans already in place, the Portuguese would not be deterred. After offering gifts, making promises, and hinting at the consequences of noncompliance, the Portuguese finally received Kwamin Ansah's reluctant agreement.
When construction began the next morning, the chief's reluctance was proved to be well-founded. In order to build the fort in the most defensible position on the peninsula, the Portuguese had to demolish the homes of some of the villagers, who consented only after they had been compensated. The Portuguese also tried to quarry a nearby rock that the people of Elmina, who were animists, believed to be the home of the god of the nearby River Benya.Prior to the demolition of the quarry and homes, Azambuja sent a Portuguese crew member, João Bernaldes with gifts to deliver to Chief Kwamin Ansah and the villagers. Azambuja sent brass basins, shawls, and other gifts in hopes of winning the goodwill of the villagers, so they would not be upset during the demolition of their homes and sacred rocks. However, João Bernaldes did not deliver the gifts until after construction began, by which time the villagers became upset upon witnessing the demolition without forewarning or compensation.[1] In response to this, the local people forged an attack that resulted in several Portuguese deaths. Finally, an understanding was reached, but continued opposition led the Portuguese to burn the local village in retaliation. Even in this tense atmosphere, the first story of the tower was completed after only twenty days; this was the result of having brought so much prefabricated building materials. The remainder of the fort and an accompanying church were completed soon afterward, despite resistance.
Immediate impact
"The Castle of St. George d'Elmina, one side of it" in 1704.
The fort was the first pre-fabricated building of European origin to have been planned and executed in Arguim Island on the southern edge of the Moorish world. At the height of the gold trade in the early sixteenth century, 24,000 ounces of gold were exported annually from the Gold Coast, accounting for one-tenth of the world's supply.
The new fort, signifying the permanent involvement of Europeans in West Africa, had a considerable effect on Africans living on the coast. At the urging of the Portuguese, Elmina declared itself an independent state whose Governor then took control of the town's affairs. The people of Elmina were offered Portuguese protection against attacks from neighboring coastal tribes, with whom the Portuguese had much less genial relations (even though they were friendly with the powerful trading nations in the African interior.) If any locals attempted to trade with a nation other than Portugal, the Portuguese reacted with aggressive force, often by forming alliances with the betraying nation's enemies. Hostility between groups increased, and the traditional organization of native societies suffered, especially after the Portuguese introduced them to fire-arms, which made the dominance of the stronger nations easier.
Trade with the Europeans helped make certain goods, such as cloth and beads, more available to the coastal people, but European involvement also disrupted traditional trade routes between coastal people and northern people by cutting out the African middlemen. The population of Elmina swelled with traders from other towns hoping to trade with the Portuguese, who gradually established a West-African monopoly.
Atlantic slave trade
El mina Castle Renovation, August 2006
By the seventeenth century, most trade in Atlantic Slave Trade. The castle acted as a depot where slaves were bought in bartering fashion from local African chiefs and kings. The slaves, often captured in the African interior by the slave-catchers of coastal peoples, were sold to Portuguese traders in exchange for goods such as textiles and horses. The slaves were held captive in the castle before exiting through the castle's infamous "Door of No Return" to be transported and resold in newly colonized Brazil and other Portuguese colonies.
Control by other European nations
In 1637 the fort was taken over by the Fort Coenraadsburg. The Dutch continued the triangular Atlantic slave route until 1814, when they abolished the slave trade, pursuant to the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. In 1872 the British took over the Dutch territory pursuant to the Anglo-Dutch Sumatra treaties of 1871.
The castle was extensively restored by the Ghanaian government in the 1990s. Renovation of the castle continues. [citation requested] The bridge leading into the castle is one of the highest priority tasks in the project. As of August 2006, the bridge renovation has been completed and construction on the upper terraces continues.
Castle Images
Elmina Castle Interior View of Church
Elmina Castle Interior
Elmina Castle Male and Female Slave Entrances
Elmina Castle Memorial Plaque
Elmina Castle Slave Export Gate
Elmina Castle Slave Holding Cell
Elmina Castle Gun Defences
The Two Hearts of Kwasi Boachi
^ a b c The Portuguese In West Africa, Cambridge University Press, 1950, p. 93.
Andrea, Alfred J and James H. Overfield. "African Colonialism," The Human Record: Sources of Global History, Fifth Edition, Volume 2. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005.
Bruner, Edward M. "Tourism in Ghana: The representation of slavery and the return of the Black Diaspora." American Anthropologist 98 (2): 290-304.
Claridge, Walton W. A History of the Gold Coast and Ashanti, Second Edition. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1964.
Daaku, Kwame Yeboa. Trade & Politics on the Gold Coast 1600–1720. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.
DeCorse, Christopher R. An Archaeology of Elmina: Africans and Europeans on the Gold Coast, 1400–1900. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001.
Doortmont, Michel R.; Jinna Smit (2007). Sources for the Mutual History of Ghana and the Netherlands. An annotated guide to the Dutch archives relating to Ghana and West Africa in the Nationaal Archief, 1593-1960s. Leiden: Brill.
Hair, P. E. H. The Founding of the Castelo de São Jorge da Mina: an analysis of the sources. Madison: University of Wisconsin, African Studies Program, 1994. ISBN 0-942615-21-2
Pacheco, Duarte. Esmeraldo de situ orbis, c. 1505–1508.
World Statesmen-Ghana
Ghana-pedia webpage - São Jorge da Mina
Forts of the former European colonial powers on the Gold Coast
Brandenburg-Prussian forts
Groß Friedrichsburg
British forts
Metal Cross
Sekondi
Tantum
Winneba
Danish forts
Augustaborg
Kongensten
Prinsensten
Dutch forts
Elise Carthago
Ruychaver
Batenstein
Witsen
Coenraadsburg
Egya
Crèvecoeur
Singelenburgh
Portuguese forts
Santo António de Axim
São Sebastião de Shema
São Jorge da Mina
São Francisco Xavier
Swedish forts
Carlsborg
Buildings and structures completed in 1482
African slave trade
History of Ghana
Castles in Ghana
Dutch Gold Coast
World Heritage Sites in Ghana
Portuguese Colonial architecture
Portuguese Gold Coast
Maritime history of Portugal
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Data warehouse, Genomes OnLine Database, Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk, GOLD (parser)
Spanish Empire, British Overseas Territories, Portuguese Empire, Caribbean, Ottoman Empire
Egypt, South Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Eritrea, Ethiopia
Gold Coast (British Colony)
Dutch Gold Coast, British Togoland, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Ashanti Empire
Amsterdam, Belgium, Germany, United Kingdom, European Union
Ghana, Netherlands, Fishing, Tourism, United States
Portuguese Empire, Dutch Gold Coast, Mombasa, Maldives, Ghana
List of castles in Ghana
Ghana, Unesco, Elmina, Osu Castle, Accra
Gold Coast (British colony), Gold, Ghana, Ashanti Empire, Suriname
Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah, British Togoland, Akan people, Politics of Ghana


text:
The Opinions Essay
D.C., Md. & Va. Opinions
Cape Up
Post Opinión
closeOpinion A column or article in the Opinions section (in print, this is known as the Editorial Pages).
Want to honor McCain? Then call out Trump's racism and hate.
Editorial page editor Fred Hiatt reflects on the life and legacy of Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.). (The Washington Post)
Opinion by
Opinion columnist covering national politics
August 27, 2018 at 1:46 p.m. UTC
We are now learning that President Trump nixed plans for a White House statement that praised the heroism of John McCain, who died Saturday at age 81. Instead, Trump put out one tweet that seemed deliberately perfunctory in its use of the phrase "hearts and prayers," while offering no kind words — indeed, no words at all — about McCain himself.
This has only underscored the emerging official interpretation of McCain's passing, which holds that McCain's death — and Trump's refusal to honor him, even as statements pour forth from dignitaries in both parties — represents the final death rattle of "civility and unity" in our politics, which has now succumbed entirely to Trumpism.
In this telling, the personal feud between McCain and Trump pitted a vanishing ethic of honor in national service, and bipartisan civility even amid profound disagreement, against Trump's narcissism and megalomania, his contemptuous insults toward McCain's war captivity, his coarsening of the political dialogue, and his refusal to put aside personal differences at a moment of national grieving.
But this focus on the clash between the two men's characters, and on the breakdown of decorum that Trumpism has supposedly wrought, risks obscuring the significance of what may be their most consequential substantive public disagreement — the one about immigration, racism and white nationalism.
Of all the crusades and causes that McCain is getting lauded for, this one is getting relatively short shrift — which is odd, given its centrality to the current political moment and the human toll that Trump's worldview is inflicting as we speak.
Yet McCain devoted a great deal of space to these topics in his 2018 book, "The Restless Wave." In it, McCain calls out the truly bigoted and ugly nature of the sentiments undergirding Trumpism — and squarely pins the blame for them mostly on Republicans. McCain and co-author Mark Salter write:
It's the true believers who fear America is contaminated by the customs of non-European immigrants who make this moment so fraught. They believe the President shares their prejudice, and has promised to enact it into law. They're not only opposed to illegal immigration, they're opposed to immigration, at least immigration from south of the border, and the Caribbean, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia.
While McCain does not directly call Trump a racist and a white nationalist, this is a more forthright calling-out of the white nationalism animating Trumpism than you will hear from pretty much any mainstream Republican politician today. Note that McCain also essentially declares that Trump is enacting a white nationalist policy agenda.
Indeed, in the book, McCain sharply dismisses Trump's immigration policies on moral grounds. McCain denounces Trump's treatment of refugees as "appalling," ripping Trump for a "lack of empathy" toward people who are "innocent, persecuted, desperate." McCain calls out the stepped-up deportations of longtime residents as not just foolish but also deeply cruel and inhumane. McCain also extensively denounces Trump's depiction of undocumented immigrants as job-stealers and criminals — demagoguery that McCain partly ascribes to "racial prejudice." McCain asserts that far from representing a threat, a blight or an invading force, many immigrants are contributing positively to America, in keeping with the country's values and history.
McCain's real immigration legacy
McCain, of course, was a member of the bipartisan "Gang of Eight" that shepherded a comprehensive reform bill through the Senate that would have legalized millions of undocumented immigrants. In his book, McCain properly calls out the House Republicans who killed this bill.
It is often claimed that the Republicans who did support reform — including some GOP leaders — helped pave the way for Trump's rise. These Republicans revealed themselves to be allied with the globalists and the cheap-labor-craving business elites, ignoring U.S. workers' legitimate grievances about labor market competition from migrants, leading them to fall under Trump's spell. In this telling, denouncing Trump's racism and cruelty risks further alienating working-class whites by showing insensitivity to their very real economic woes.
But one legacy of McCain's career should be to bury that narrative once and for all. In his book, McCain goes well out of his way to acknowledge that many U.S. workers might understandably believe immigrants pose a serious economic threat to them. But he also argues, rightly, that this view is largely mistaken, and in any case, that the best and only solution for the country is to sensibly integrate the undocumented into this country, not to instill a regime of deportations that is an enormous waste of law enforcement resources and is spreading fear and misery among otherwise law-abiding immigrants in a manner that is indefensible.
And by treating people's economic anxieties with sensitivity even as he also denounces the racism and cruelty at the core of Trumpism, and also speaks about immigration's positive contributions to the country, McCain shows that the latter two points can be stressed without short-shrifting those anxieties.
So one way to honor McCain is to honor his side of this particular argument. To this day, many journalists — including those hailing McCain's life — are reluctant to directly label the true animating sentiments underlying Trump's immigration agenda. Doing so would be uncivil, and civility is what McCain stood for.
Yet Trump has confirmed those animating statements with three years of public statements. Indeed, there is a thumbnail way to contrast the two men in this regard. One of McCain's biggest moments was to denounce in 2008 a woman who had called out Barack Obama as an Arab. Trump then went on to make the racist birther conspiracy theory the foundational myth of his racially revanchist presidential run — an effort to capitalize on the very white backlash that McCain denounced a decade ago.
What better way to honor McCain's life and legacy than to point out what that contrast really means, and the human toll it is taking in the real world?
I don't know whether McCain would personally approve of the act of directly calling out Trump's racism and white nationalism. As The Post reports, McCain's longtime confidant John Weaver says he keeps his worst views of Trump to himself. But we know what those views are: McCain's book leaves little doubt that he sees Trump in just these terms.
And at bottom, there is just no way to do justice to McCain's actual arguments on these topics while maintaining civility and decorum. Because giving McCain's views the reverence and respect they deserve calls for denouncing Trump's competing views not with punch-pulling or euphemism, but with extreme clarity and bluntness.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


error: pathspec '1.2' did not match any file(s) known to git.
error: pathspec 'python-kit' did not match any file(s) known to git.
error: pathspec '=' did not match any file(s) known to git.
error: pathspec '3.6-prime-release' did not match any file(s) known to git.
ERROR: There was an error syncing meta-repo.
ERROR: Could not clone meta-repo at '/var/git/meta-repo'.
Probably also worthy of note, I'm on ego-2.6.0.
# This is the ego.conf file.
For the sake of testing, I wiped my ego.conf and was greeted with the same errors. Then put just one kit into it (using "ego config set kits core-kit 1.2-prime") for the sake of testing and was greeted with the same issues.
Have you checked if you have a file called ego.conf in other places on your system that contain different content?
so it seems that even if it were somehow being misread as the ego.conf file, everything but [kits] is commented out.
And with you moving meta-repo out of the way, that part should be save as well.
Looks like that resolved it. Ego syncing correctly right now. jhan, I'm on 2.6.0 as that's what was available in my sync, once this updates, I'll get current.


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text:
Linville Gorge - Hawksbill/Ledge Trail Loop
Hawksbill Mountain is the northernmost of three peaks which rise like giant stone sentinels from the east rim of Linville Gorge. Deriving its name from the sharp, slanted ledges which stand out like beaks from its summit, Hawksbill commands some of the most awe-inspiring views of the Gorge one can find. The summit rises to a respectable elevation of just over 4,000-feet and is accessible by a well-traveled but steep path which leads 1.5-miles up from a frequently busy parking area along Table Rock Road. Up to this point, the official trail was the only way I had ever visited Hawksbill. Little did I know there was another route to the summit, one that requires a great deal more energy along with offering precious rugged solitude. This route is known as the Ledge Trail and is one of Linville Gorge's many unofficial paths, created by climbers and hikers looking to discover new and remote lesser-known corners of the gorge. As such there is no trailhead for the Ledge Trail and you likely won't find it printed on most trail maps you'll find. Though the path is easily followed you have to know where to look if you want to find it, so a good GPS is required for this particular trek. That, or maybe contact a friend (as I had to) to point you in the right direction.
The Ledge Trail begins off Table Rock Road about a half-mile south of the official Hawksbill parking area. The path enters the woods in a very unassuming manner...like I've said, if you don't know where to look you probably would never see it. From the road it heads towards the lip of the gorge on a fairly level grade and, for the most part, is easy to follow. Along the way the trail crosses a couple of old slide areas where rocks tumbling from the cliffs above now rest among the trees on the slopes below. Just before turning to start to climb the mountain the path also passes by a nice open ledge with views into the middle of the gorge. Past this ledge the character of the trail changes dramatically. As it turns to assault the peak form the west it becomes exceedingly steep and rugged. Though there are no views it's still a spectacular climb as the path follows the base of the towering multi-colored cliffs which comprise Hawksbill's western face. In many places the trail is faint as you scramble up, over, and around massive fallen boulders. It's spectacularly rugged. The climb along the cliffs continues for about a half mile until the point where the Ledge Trail begins to circle around the north side of the summit emerging onto the Hawksbill Trail less than a quarter mile from the top. At that point it was a quick climb to the summit where I soaked in all the amazingly scenic eye-candy Hawksbill has to offer. It's a mountain I will never tire of visiting, as I'm sure you'll understand as you browse the album.
From the summit I would simply descend via the familiar Hawksbill Trail back to Table Rock Road and finish up with a half-mile road walk to where I started. Overall, this was one of the more spectacular hikes I have ever undertaken at Linville Gorge...and if you've perused any of my other albums you'll know what high praise that is. It's not an altogether long hike but the ruggedness of it will have your legs feeling like they've traveled much more than the three miles they have, believe me. So, without further adieu I present to you an ascent of Hawksbill Mountain like few people get to see. This is a tough one so make sure you tie your boots tight and don't forget to hydrate. Also, as always....ENJOY!!!
Route Type: Loop Difficulty: CHALLENGING (Petzoldt Rating: 5.40 ) Mileage Hiked: 3.2 miles Hike Duration: 2:20 Trailhead Temp: 50'F Trail Traffic: 10-25 people (all on Hawksbill Trail) Min. Elevation: 3,080' Max. Elevation: 4,020' Total Vertical Gain: 1,100' Avg. Gain / Mile: 344'
Trails Used (blaze color): Hawksbill (unblazed), Ledge (unblazed)
Linville Gorge - Hawksbill-Ledge Trail Loop (3.2 miles; d=5.40)
Hawksbill Mountain Summit
There is no shortage of places to explore up here. Though on this day I didn't wander far from the summit numerous side paths lead along the edge of the cliffs to the south...
The complete, awe-inspiring panorama of Linville Gorge from the top of Hawksbill...
Another shot looking north with Gingercake Mountain (4,150') to the left and Grandfather Mountain (5,964') rising on the far horizon...


text:
from __future__ import absolute_import
from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$',                                  views.variable_fav_list,    name='variables'),
    url(r'^create/$',                           views.variable_fav_edit,    name="variable_fav_create"),
    url(r'^(?P<variable_fav_id>\d+)/$',         views.variable_fav_detail,  name='variable_fav_detail'),
    url(r'^(?P<variable_fav_id>\d+)/edit$',     views.variable_fav_edit,    name='variable_fav_edit'),
    url(r'^(?P<variable_fav_id>\d+)/delete$',   views.variable_fav_delete,  name='variable_fav_delete'),
    url(r'^(?P<variable_fav_id>\d+)/copy$',     views.variable_fav_copy,    name='variable_fav_copy'),
    url(r'^(?P<variable_fav_id>\d+)/update',    views.variable_fav_save,    name='variable_fav_update'),
    url(r'^user_vars/$',                        views.get_user_vars,        name="user_vars"),
    url(r'^save$',                              views.variable_fav_save,    name="variable_fav_save"),

    url(r'^workbook/new/$',                                                      views.variable_fav_list_for_new_workbook,   name="variable_select_for_new_workbook"), #was select_and_create_workbook, variable_select_for_new_workbook
    url(r'^workbook/new/variable$',                                              views.variable_fav_edit_for_new_workbook,   name="variable_create_for_new_workbook"),
    url(r'^workbook/new/variable/(?P<variable_fav_id>\d+)$',                     views.variable_fav_detail_for_new_workbook, name="variable_detail_for_new_workbook"),
    url(r'^workbook/(?P<workbook_id>\d+)/worksheet/(?P<worksheet_id>\d+)$',                           views.variable_fav_list,   name="variable_select_for_existing_workbook"),
    url(r'^workbook/(?P<workbook_id>\d+)/worksheet/(?P<worksheet_id>\d+)/new$',                       views.variable_fav_edit_for_existing_workbook,   name="variable_create_for_existing_workbook"),

    url(r'^(?P<variable_fav_id>\d+)/workbook/(?P<workbook_id>\d+)/worksheet/(?P<worksheet_id>\d+)$',  views.variable_fav_detail, name="variable_detail_for_existing_workbook")
]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Goo Goo Dolls announce new album, share single "Over And Over"
Matt Wayt
"Iris" music video
Entertainment Weekly reports that, not only are the Goo Goo Dolls still a thing, but they're releasing a new album, Boxes, on May 6. Hailing from the misguided musical taste of your adolescence, the Goo Goo Dolls moved away from their garage-rock roots and toward the sonic pablum of adult contemporary rock with their 1995 breakout album A Boy Named Goo and 1998's even-more-successful Dizzy Up The Girl (the latter of which boasts the mega-hit ballad "Iris," written for that movie where Meg Ryan dies on a bike because she's not even trying to pay attention to the road). Basically, the Goo Goo Dolls are the kind of band you weren't afraid to leave in your Discman for your parents to find, because they recognized the songs from the radio and were confident this wasn't the kind of music that made kids get tattoos.
Now that Goo Goo Doll fans are grown up and have no shortage of guilty pleasures, the band has returned with "a vibrant, sonically forward-looking album that manages to retain what their legions of fans love about the Goo Goo Dolls—indelible melodies, intimate, heartfelt lyrics, and the anthemic, uplifting vibe of their songs—while pushing new boundaries in terms of sound and production," according to a press release. Sure, every third or fourth song probably will be sung in a constipated stupor by bassist Robby Takac and thus be totally skippable, but the rest of the tracks, wailed by frontman Johnny Rzeznick, will be deliciously cheesy fodder for long commutes to work or drunken karaoke sessions with friends.
The band will be touring throughout North America from July through September, and below you can hear the first single from Boxes, called "Over And Over." It's an apt title, because it sounds exactly like all their other songs.


text:
Q: How to take Different multi line inputs? The other day, for the first time I participated in a coding contest and I faced an issue with taking inputs. There were 4 sample cases and each sample case had n test cases. So each sample case was in the format:

*

*First line denotes number of test cases

*Second line denotes number of elements in array A

*Third line denotes elements of array A

*Fourth line denotes elements of array B

To make more sense, the input was (say),
3                      // Number of test cases
5                      // Size of array A
2 4 3 7 9              // array A
14 21 11               // array B
3                      // Size of array A
6 7 2                  // array A
9 8                    // array B
4                      // Size of array A
5 2 6 7                // array A
12 17                  // array B

The solution that I tried was
t = int(input()) # Number of sample cases
for i in t:
   n = int(input())  # Size of array A
   arr_A = [int(x) for x in input().split()]
   arr_B = [int(x) for x in input().split()]
   # Statements...

When I was running the code I was getting EOF error or some error. To test what was causing the error I reduced the aforementioned sample case to
1                      // Number of test cases
5                      // Size of array A
2 4 3 7 9              // array A
14 21 11               // array B

And with this input the code was running fine.
I will truly appreciate if you tell me possible ways of taking such inputs?

A: In your code, for i in t should be modified to for i in range(t) since we need to iterate up to a certain number.
This is the approach I usually use when it comes to taking inputs.
t = int(input())
while t > 0:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Let's celebrate! It's Bobby Bonillia's day
Banks consider sanctions for "counterfeiters" – ARAB TIMES
Joana Bartley September 26, 2021
Why is San Antonio lending millions of dollars to taxpayers to pay for the construction of the Grand Hyatt?
Briefly Rated Book Reviews | The New Yorker
Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa comes to life at the French Tech Corner in Dubai
Wisniewski: Out of the past | Opinion
10 developments that defined the bank in 2021
Joana Bartley December 20, 2021
Joana Bartley January 6, 2022
Who will win the 2021 Nobel Prize for Literature?
Haruki Murakami (T-shirt anthologue; odds 5-1)
Ko Un (South Korean poet canceled; odds 34-1)
Here are two things I believe. The first is that this whole Sally Rooney bucket hat thing was concocted as a psychological operation by Penguin Random House – which somehow persuaded Farrar, Straus and Giroux that literary hat making was the future of marketing – to hijack the attention of much more embarrassing clothes from PRH. thematic object: a book by Haruki Murakami on his collection of T-shirts. Just in case you missed it: Murakami's new book is literally a collection of photos of his shirts, with descriptions of those shirts. It is called Murakami T: The T-shirts I love. It's a new low for literature. (There is also, incredibly, a unconnected Uniqlo T-shirt Collaboration.) Anyway, the second thing I believe is that, despite the shirts, Haruki Murakami is not going to win the Nobel Prize, not this year and probably never. (Maybe he'll win when the Nobel committee is made up mostly of Gen X audio fidelity enthusiasts.) Murakami remains the betting favorite as he is one of the most popular literary fiction writers. And yet his status as – arguably – the most famous international writer of literary fiction is almost certainly what will keep him from winning the Nobel Prize. The only thing that gives me pause is that after Tokarczuk, Handke and Glück, we probably need a popular writer. But still, this is not the year of Murakami. Sweden doesn't really have ideal weather for t-shirts anyway.
As for Ko Un, there remains a cautionary tale of using the Nobel Prize betting odds as a guide in determining who will actually win the Nobel Prize. Ko Un has remained a betting favorite despite being caused by a sexual harassment scandal literally to remove South Korean textbooks. Yes, in a post-Handke world anything is possible. But Ko Un is not going to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.
These poets are not going to win
Anne Carson (Canadian poet, playwright, translator, essayist, former deity, shadow on the wall, grove of trees gently swaying in the wind, 8-1 chances)
Charles Simic (American poet; odds 26-1)
Homero Aridijas (Mexican poet; odds 26-1)
Linton Kwesi Johnson (Jamaican dub poet; 34-1 odds)
I'll be honest: Carson intrigues me, and in various drafts of this piece I've included her as a favorite. She should be defeated by two simple facts: she is a poet and she writes in English. And yet, is Carson a poet? Does she write in English, or do the weird marks she makes on a block of wood before sending it to New Directions (who then packs them in a special edition priced at 74.99 $) just seem to be written in English? No one seems to know what it is, although I understand the Democrats earmarked several million dollars in the budget reconciliation bill to research to find out. Anyway, the poets (all) managed to get even more boring after Glück's victory, and the world is pretty screwed up right now. The last thing we need are two Nobel Prize winning poets in a row. it does not happen!
Bob Couttie, British novelist and Balangiga Bell activist, dies at 71
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Background: Fractures of the distal radius continue to be one of the most common skeletal injuries. The methods which are commonly practiced are closed manipulation and plaster cast, pins and plaster, percutaneous pinning, external fixation and open reduction and internal fixation with or without bone graft. Surgeons are increasingly faced with the dilemma of when to consider operative management and when cast immobilization is the optimal treatment.
Methods: 47 cases of distal end radius fractures were operated in the orthopedic department of a tertiary care centre. The purpose of the present study was to compare the results of external and internal fixation methods for the treatment of fractures of distal end of radius. Patients operated by external fixation were classified as Group A and those operated by internal fixation were classified as group B. Patients were classified according to AO Classification. Patients were followed at regular intervals depending on the case and time of operation and evaluated by Gartland and Werley score.
Results: In our study, 29 patients were of extraarticular type, of which 86.20% had an excellent score and 18 patients were of intraarticular type, of which 83.33% had an excellent score. But when compared to groups A and B, the percentage of excellent score obtained in group B was more than that in group A in both extraarticular and intraarticular fractures. Yuan-kun et al did a study on intraarticular distal end radius fractures and evaluated the patients by Gartland and Werley point system, concluding that plating gives better results than external fixation supplemented by K wiring.
Conclusions: We concluded that no method of fixation can be said superior to the other. Each method has fracture-specific indication. The results of open reduction and internal fixation can be better than external fixation in initial months, but in the long run, both the methods can have excellent score, provided the fixation is good and properly indicated.
Golden GN. Treatment and programs of Colles' fracture. Lancet. 1963;1:511-4.
Axelrod, Paley, Green. Limited open reduction of the lunate facet in comminuted intraarticular fractures of the distal radius. J Hand Surg. 1988;13:384-9.
Leung F, Tu YK, Chew WY, Chow SP. Comparison of external and percutaneous pin fixation with plate fixation for intraarticular distal radius fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(1):16-22.
Gartland J, Werley C. Evaluation of healed Colles' fracture. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. 1951;33: 895-907.
Kreder HJ, Hanel DP, Agel J, McKee M, Schemitsch EH, Trumble TE, et al. Indirect reduction and percutaneous fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation for displaced intra-articular fractures of the distal radius: a randomised, controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(6):829-36.
Wei DH, Raizman NM, Bottino CJ, Jobin CM, Strauch RJ, Rosenwasser MP. Unstable distal radial fractures treated with external fixation, a radial column plate, or a volar plate. J Bone J Surg. 2009;91:1568-77.
Koval K, Haidukewych GJ, Service B, Zirgibel BJ. Controversies in the management of distal radius fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014;22(9):566-75.
Grewal R, Perey B, Wilmink M, Stothers K. A randomized prospective study on the treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures: open reduction and internal fixation with dorsal plating versus mini open reduction, percutaneous fixation, and external fixation. J Hand Surg Am. 2005;30(4):764-72.
Kapoor H, Agarwal A, Dhaon BK. Displaced intra-articular fractures of distal radius: a comparative evaluation of results following closed reduction, external fixation and open reduction with internal fixation. Injury. 2000;31(2):75-9.
Hudak PL, Amadio PC, Bombardier C. Development of an upper extremity outcome measure: the DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand). The Upper Extremity Collaborative Group (UECG). Am J Ind Med. 1996;29(6):602-8.
Rozental TD, Blazar PE, Franko OI, Chacko AT, Earp BE, Day CS. Functional outcomes for unstable distal radial fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation or closed reduction and percutaneous fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(8):1837-46.
Egol KA, Walsh M, Romo-Cardoso S, Dorsky S, Paksima N. Distal radial fractures in the elderly: operative compared with nonoperative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(9):1851-7.


Charisma makes you likable. Do you have it?
1. They carry themselves well. Did you know you unconsciously send out signals to others? It's your silent message. Maybe you look them right in the eye, or maybe you stare at your shoes when you talk. Perhaps you slump your shoulders, or maybe you square them assertively. You might smile naturally, or maybe you keep a straight face. All these shape your image.
2. They are persuasive. Everyone understands your message because charismatic people can distill complex ideas into simple messages.
3. They are smooth talkers. You may have a zillion terrific ideas, but who will know if you can't articulate them? You have an innate ability to speak well and communicate.
4. They are good listeners. Rarely taught and infrequently practiced, listening is nonetheless a key to communicating and making others feel special in your presence.
5. They are aware of space and time. Again, though it's often overlooked, use of spatial and temporal territories can make or break relationships.
6. They easily adapt to others. Building rapport means understanding other people's personalities, then adapting your own behavior to increase compatibility.
7. They have great ideas. Regardless of how strong and persuasive a speaker you are, how adept you are at connecting with others or how well you listen, you've still got to have something to say… or you'll just be an empty suit.


text:
Best Occult Thrillers Reviewed By BookViral
A Review Of Key To Eternity By Mallory M O'Connor
Mallory's Website
Mallory on Twitter
Mallory on Facebook
Publisher: Archway Publishing (March 13, 2020)
ASIN: B0863CLHP4
Genre: Occult Fiction
Psychic detective Epiphany Mayall is enjoying a lovely evening when her peaceful reverie is suddenly interrupted by a vivid mental image of a naked man sprawled on the ground surrounded by two snakes. Moments later, she realizes her vision is somehow connected to the ancient Mesopotamian story, the Epic of Gilgamesh—a legendary King Gilgamesh who left his home to search for the secret of immortality. Now she must wait for Spirit to send her another clue.
Imaginative and evocative, Key to Eternity sees the return of Psychic detective Epiphany Mayall with O'Connor delivering a vibrant mix of Sumerian history, myth and metaphors that coalesce into a compelling read.
From the very first page, you know this is one of those books that demands your full attention to be really appreciated. There is intricacy at play here with exceptional attention to detail, creating an immersive sense of time and place as O'Connor takes us on an intriguing international chase of cat and mouse, manifesting in an immersive and authentic feel that should leave readers in no doubt as to the calibre of the wordsmith behind the pen.
With O'Connor managing the devices of plot to avoid predictability the stakes continue to rise. Not just for Epiphany and arts crime P.I. Maro Gaido as their feelings for each other evolve but in the blurring of lines between fact and fiction to articulate how many treasures of the past have been irrevocably lost to us.
A highly entertaining and compulsive five star read Key to Eternity is a simply superb occult thriller that will be lapped up by fans of this popular genre. Sure to garner many more fans for O'Connor's series it is recommended without reservation.
American Poetry Reviews
Greg Wyss opens the door into his weird and wonderful mind where nothing is taboo. If you are looking for the naked truth about love, lust, religion and politics, this anthology is for you. Although penned in the 70's and reflective of its idiosyncrasies, these poems are timeless in their accuracy and perceptions of human nature, delving deep into the psyche of the brash and the desperate.
Family Life Fiction Reviews
Duck's writing is light and easy to read, her plot vibrant and a pleasure to follow, but what sets her novel apart is a clear understanding of how family dynamics, in their differing guises, shape our years, with character development at the heart of her narrative.
Why Is Crime Fiction So Popular?
The popularity of Crime Fiction might wax and wane but at the end of the day, it still remains one of the most popular genres.
The Top Tips For Writing Great Historical Fiction Novels
The bedrock for authenticity has to be robust research but the inclusion of fact doesn't necessarily make for a compelling read.
Why Do We Love To Be Frightened?
Dusk creeps upon you as you make your way home, bringing with it the stillness and dark of night. As one sense shutters another opens, magnifying each whisper of wind-every shuffle on the pavement behind you.
The Allure Of Erotic Fiction and Why We Can't Get Enough.
An enduring memory of my teenage self sneaking into my mother's bedroom in search of Mills and Boon still brings a slight blush to my cheeks.


text:
Malawi Revamps Farmer Subsidies, Sees Corn Output Doubling
Frank Jomo
Malawi widened a subsidy program to cover all of the country's small-scale farmers and projected corn output would almost double as a result, offering relief to its citizens who regularly suffer food shortages.
Known as the Affordable Inputs Program, the system will enable all of country's estimated 4.3 million subsistence farmers to buy fertilizer at a subsidized 4,495 kwacha ($6) per 50 kilogram (110 pound) bag, compared with the average market price of 20,000 kwacha, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security said in emailed statement.
The previous program was offered to only 1 million farmers.
The expanded system is forecast to add 1.7 million hectares of crop land, and could see annual production reach 6.8 million tons, the ministry said. Output for the past season was 3.7 million tons, former President President Peter Mutharika told lawmakers in June.
Malawi's annual consumption of the staple is 3.2 million tons. Besides bolstering national reserves, the additional output may be exported, the ministry said.


Additionally, there are certain aesthetic choices to consider when selecting a junk can. Garbage containers are inherently practical devices, but they may also be bought in different colors and styles in order to better suit any space. Some trash cans may be available in sleek metal while other people may be bright and colorful in order to stand out. Trash beers may also come in different sizes, just like long and skinny or rectangular, making it possible to pick a cash can based on overall style elements in the space. In the end, there are many choices when buying cash containers. In order to find the right tub, it is important to remember the space showcased and choose a can that best complements the throw away needs of the space.
Mrspalmreader - Leaf insect caresheet amateur entomologists' society aes. Leaf insects are very closely related to stick insects they belong to the order phasmatodea and, just as stick insects camouflage themselves as twigs, the leaf insects are superbly camouflaged as a leaf a process called crypsis. A female leaf insect caresheet amateur entomologists. Walking leaves family phyllidae, order phasmatodea leaf insects use camouflage to take on the appearance of a leaf they do this so accurately that predators often aren't able to distinguish them from real leaves. Leaf insect caresheet amateur entomologists' society. More information leaf insect caresheet amateur entomologists' society aes find this pin and more on bugs by pamela silbaugh. Stick insects and leaf insects order: phasmatodea. Introduction the stick insects sometimes called 'walking sticks' and leaf insects are some of the most well known of all insects they are commonly kept as pets and are famous for their superb camouflage many species closely resemble leaves, grasses or twigs. Stick & leaf insects weird and wonderful pets. Generally, stick insects have narrow, cylindrical bodies, whereas leaf insects have thin, flat body shapes that closely resemble foliage the diversity of both groups is astounding, and individual species vary greatly in shape, size and colour. Giant millipede caresheet amateur entomologists' society. Giant millipede caresheet amateur entomologists' society aes giant millipede caresheet amateur entomologists' society aes. Leaf insect definition und synonyme von leaf insect im. Bedeutung von leaf insect und synonyme von leaf insect, tendenzen zum gebrauch, nachrichten, b�cher und �bersetzung in 25 sprachen. Image gallery leaf insect. Leaf insect caresheet amateur entomologists' society aes keeping stick insects minibeast wildlife leaf and stick insects wet tropics world heritage area. How long does it roughly take from laying to hatching with. Leaf insect caresheet amateur entomologists' society aes with luck, the females will begin laying eggs a few weeks after becoming adult a leaf insect nymph shortly after hatching. Leaf insect simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A leaf insect in the children's museum of indianapolis the family phylliidae often misspelled 'phyllidae' contains the living true leaf insects or walking leaves , which include some of the most remarkable leaf mimics in the entire animal kingdom.


Some of the best and most popular voice over artists work from the comforts of their homes. However, to get voice over jobs from home, you need to spend time and money on various aspects of this mass media profession. To ensure decent career opportunities, you need to set up a suitable recording room in your home, to attract clients and companies.
Being a beginner, you must not try to start your voice over artist career directly from your home. You must have decent experience to understand the intricacies of this profession. You may cut out a sorry figure for yourself, if you're initially trying to establish yourself in home based voice over jobs.
The reason being that you have to be experienced to deal with the expectation of clients. You may have a very good voice, but without experience in some entertainment jobs, it won't be polished.
Select a room in your house that is suitable for practicing. A room with carpets, drapes and closets filled with clothing can help to absorb sound. Don't choose a room that echoes.
You have to invest in some high quality equipment as even slight noises can trigger your rejections in auditions. You may be required to seek help from people with knowledge about audio - video sound system management. You task is to make your room like a perfect recording studio. Ensure you're comfortable with the budget you choose.
Talent is always valued. One of the best tips for getting voice over jobs is to prepare demos of your voice recording. You can include trailers of action, comedy or romantic movies. Ensure music is proper and your voice can be heard distinctively.
The length of your demonstrations must not exceed 2 minutes. 90 seconds is a good time to bank upon. By researching on the Internet, you can get lyrics of online commercials and similar videos, so you can use them to your advantage.
If you have the talent of distinctive voice, like you can imitate cartoons, there are numerous cartoon voice over jobs.
You may not be able to get jobs just in the beginning of your practicing. It is in your favor if you have experience however, even if you don't have experience, promote yourself positively. Your voice talent may earn you a good job in a radio station, local art schools and numerous websites that hire voice over artists.
Even doing interns under some voice over artists, or asking feedback from them can prove to be beneficial for you. Just try your luck anywhere, right from local agencies to television production houses and even media jobs. Another aspect of getting voice over jobs from home is to market your self effectively.
From social networking websites to YouTube, you can put your voice everywhere. Not only will it bring you critical acclaim, it may earn you a job. Understand that getting established in voice over profession is not an easy task and it requires patience.
Even one big break in this field can help you to earn numerous types of jobs. Consistent practice is the key to growth in this field. Ensure you're initially working in part-time jobs to have an idea of this field.
Create a good profile about your self and post it on numerous job websites. Focus on your skills and talent of the voice over artist. Since voice over field is very competitive, ensure that you're regularly practicing it. Career opportunities at home are many, but you have to attract them by gaining good experience and proving your skills to your employer.


text:
Dmitri Shostakovich, Symphony No. 12 in D Minor, Op. 112
Edward Elgar, Enigma Variations, Op. 36
Variation IX (Adagio) "Nimrod"
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, The Nutcracker
Act II, No. 12d: Trepak (Russian Dance)
concert Tugan Sokhiev conducts Shostakovich's Symphony No. 12 Orchestre National du Capitole de Toulouse
Tugan Sokhiev conducts Shostakovich's Symphony No. 12 Orchestre National du Capitole de Toulouse
Shostakovich's Symphony No. 12 is on the program of this Russian soirée at the Philharmonie de Paris! Nicknamed "The Year 1917," the work is dedicated to the memory of Lenin and remembers the events of that revolution. On stage, the Orchestre National du Capitole de Toulouse performs under the direction of Maestro Tugan Sokhiev.
Photo: Tugan Sokhiev © Patrice Nin
Philharmonie de Paris
Tugan Sokhiev | Conductor
Venue: Grande Salle Pierre Boulez, Philharmonie de Paris (Paris, France)
Production: Les films Jack Fébus
Jewels by Balanchine, music by Fauré, Stravinsky, and Tchaikovsky
With the Mariinsky Ballet and Orchestra
Mariinsky Theatre (St. Petersburg, Russia)
Tugan Sokhiev conducts Kabalevsky, Khachaturian and Stravinsky – With Sergey Khachatryan
The Halle aux Grains, Toulouse


Simply click here and fill out the online enquiry form quoting the product number. We will then get back to you as soon as we can with further details.
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Abnormal anatomy causes or contributes to compression of the vital structures in the thoracic outlet. As a result, patients experience the symptoms of TOS. While the anatomy of the thoracic outlet is complex, understanding the anatomy enables understanding of TOS. We can strive to understand the structures that cause compression as well as the structures that become compressed.
The spine supports our body weight while allowing flexibility in multiple directions.
The vertebral body is the basic building block of the spine. Vertebral bodies (also known as vertebrae) are stacked one upon the other from the skull to the pelvis. The vertebral bodies support our body weight.
Sacral spine-five segments, numbered S1 ('Sacral' 1) through S5; these segments are fused together into one bone in adults, which articulates with the pelvis on each side.
Coccyx-three to five segments, with variable degrees of fusion in the adult; usually referred to as a single unit rather than separate vertebrae.
A bony arch arises from the back of each vertebral body. These arches line up to form a flexible bony tunnel, the spinal canal. The spinal canal runs from the base of the skull to the pelvis, and it contains and protects the spinal cord. At each spinal level, a nerve leaves the spinal cord on each side. Each nerve exits the spinal canal through a tunnel between the bony arches to reach the body or extremities. This tunnel is called a neural foramen.
On the back and sides of each arch, bony protrusions arise, which allow for attachments of the numerous muscles that stabilize and move the spine.
A fluid filled sac (the thecal sac) fills the skull and central spinal canal, and contains the brain and spinal cord. Similar to the bony vertebral levels, the spinal cord comprises cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal segments. Thus, cervical nerve roots exit the upper spinal cord, and the coccygeal nerve roots exit the distal spinal cord. It should be noted that the levels in the spinal cord do not align with the levels in the bony spine. Therefore, exiting nerve roots travel a variable distance in the thecal sac before exiting at their respective neural foramina.
Nerve fibers are vulnerable to compression or tension as they travel in narrow spaces throughout the body. Within the spinal canal, a bulging disc or herniated disc can press on the spinal cord. A narrowed neural foramen can compress an exiting nerve root. These are examples of nerve entrapment, where compression or tension on a nerve causes symptoms in the territory of that nerve. Thoracic outlet syndrome is another, more complex, form of nerve entrapment.
Once a nerve exits its neural foramen, it enters the thoracic outlet. Read more about the anatomy of the thoracic outlet.
Nerves connect the brain and the body. At its simplest, a nerve can be thought of as a simple wire that transmits information. At a deeper level, however, nerves are complex and varied. A basic understanding of the anatomy of a nerve will help us understand the varied symptoms of TOS.
In general, the human nervous system is divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system comprises the brain, the brainstem (the lowest and most primitive part of the brain) and the spinal cord. These structures are contained within the fluid-filled thecal sac, which sits inside the skull and spinal canal. The peripheral nervous system comprises all other nerves and nervous system structures.
The peripheral nervous system is divided into two parallel systems: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system (read more). The somatic nervous system controls voluntary bodily functions, while the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions. Voluntary functions include motor functions, such as walking, and conscious sensations, such as feeling light touch against the skin. Involuntary functions include unconscious motor functions like blood pressure regulation, and unconscious sensory regulation, such as pupils constricting in bright light.
The basic building block of a nerve is the nerve cell, the neuron. A neuron is a specialized, electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information throughout the body. Each neuron includes a cell body (control center), dendrites (which receive signals), and an axon (which transmits signals). The axon, or nerve fiber, can be extremely long relative to the size of the body. There are many different types of neurons, resulting in a large variety of nerve fibers. The body of each neuron may be located in the brain, the spinal cord, or in a ganglion. A ganglion is a cluster of neuron cell bodies arising outside the central nervous system.
Classification of the different types of peripheral nerve fibers is based on the diameter of the nerve fiber and whether the nerve fiber is myelinated. Larger diameter nerve fibers conduct signals at a higher velocity than smaller diameter nerve fibers. In addition, some nerve fibers are insulated with a myelin sheath. This is a sheath of fatty tissue produced by a support cell adjacent to the nerve fiber. The myelin sheath helps to increase nerve conduction velocity. Somatic motor fibers are usually myelinated. Certain types of somatic sensory fibers and autonomic fibers are myelinated, while others are unmyelinated. All nerve fibers in the central nervous system are myelinated.
Whether the nerve fibers arise in the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral ganglion, they eventually form a peripheral nerve with hundreds or thousands of other nerve fibers. Peripheral nerves almost always include a mix of motor and sensory fibers, somatic and autonomic fibers, large and small, myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. The nerve fibers cluster together in fascicles, and multiple fascicles cluster together within a peripheral nerve.
The somatic nervous system controls voluntary bodily functions, while the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions. Voluntary functions include motor functions, such as walking, as well as conscious sensations, such as touching a hot surface or feeling touch against your skin. Involuntary functions include motor functions, such as regulating blood vessels and blood pressure, as well as unconscious sensory regulation, such as the pupils constricting in bright light.
Somatic motor nerves control the voluntary muscles of the body, and allow us to move our bodies at will. Bear in mind that we have both voluntary muscles and involuntary muscles. Voluntary muscles are those we control with conscious thoughts, such as flexing one's biceps or picking up a cup of coffee. Involuntary muscles are muscles that function on a subconscious level, usually to regulate functions of the body, such as moving food through the gut, or narrowing the pupil when bright light hits it.
Somatic sensory nerves transmit information from different types of receptors throughout the body back to the brain. Examples of sensory nerves include a nerve that senses a pinprick, or one that senses a hot stove. At the end of each sensory nerve is a receptor that is specialized for a specific function. Receptors are specialized for heat, pain, pressure, position sense, and other stimuli.
To sum things up so far, hundreds or thousands of different nerve fibers compose a typical peripheral nerve. Each of these fibers possesses different qualities, and each has a unique function. Compression or tension on the peripheral nerve may affect many different types of nerve fibers, resulting in a variety of symptoms.
A plexus is a network or cluster of nerves. The brachial plexus is the second largest plexus in the human body. On each side, the brachial plexus passes through the thoracic outlet to reach the arm. The brachial plexus provides the nerve supply to both upper extremities, including portions of the chest wall and shoulders.
Medical students spend a lot of time memorizing the detailed anatomy of the brachial plexus. Few doctors use such detailed information when diagnosing and treating patients. While it is important to understand the basic structure of the brachial plexus, it is also important to understand its relationship to the surrounding structures of the thoracic outlet.
Five nerve roots exit the spine on each side to form the brachial plexus: C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1.
C5 and C6 form the upper trunk.
C7 forms the middle trunk.
C8 and T1 form the lower trunk.
Each trunk splits into an anterior division and a posterior division.
The five terminal nerves extend down the arm. There are additional smaller nerves arising from the brachial plexus, which have been excluded for simplicity. It is worth remembering that each of the five major terminal nerves contains a mix of somatic and autonomic nerves, both motor and sensory. Given the complex branching pattern of the brachial plexus, as well as the complex mixture of nerve fibers within each branch, it should be easy to understand why compression or tension on the brachial plexus would produce a complex clinical picture.
Doctors have classically defined the thoracic outlet as the space at the top of the rib cage, where the neck joins the chest. Doctors use the term outlet because blood vessels pass from the chest into the neck and shoulders through this space. At the same time, anatomists have classically defined the same space as the thoracic inlet. Anatomists use the term inlet because the esophagus and trachea pass from the neck into the chest. This point remains somewhat pedantic, and is unimportant in our discussion of anatomy. Our first media shows how the classically-defined thoracic outlet crosses the midline in front of the spine.
The great vessels (one subclavian artery and vein on each side) exit the chest through this space. The nerve roots exit the cervical spine and form one brachial plexus on each side. The vessels and plexus align on each side, pass over the top of the chest, and enter each arm.
The image below demonstrates the relationship between the bony thoracic outlet and the soft tissues that pass through it.
Three vital structures (brachial plexus, subclavian artery and vein) follow a pathway through three anatomic tunnels to each arm. Narrowing of any of these tunnels may compress or stretch the nerves or vessels, causing TOS. We can better understand TOS by understanding these pathways.
The subclavian vein takes a different path than the subclavian artery. The subclavian vein exits the chest and passes anterior to the anterior scalene muscle. Thus, only two of the three vital structures pass through the scalene triangle.
The retropectoralis space is an inverted triangle, with the narrowest area at the bottom and the widest area at the top, just beneath the coracoid process.
These anatomic tunnels normally conduct the three vital structures from the neck and chest to each arm. TOS occurs when narrowing of one or more of these tunnels becomes severe enough to cause symptoms. Symptoms develop when compression or stretching damages one of the three vital structures. If we hold a clear understanding of anatomy, we can grasp the changes in anatomy that cause TOS.


The Centre for Sustainable Manufacturing and Recycling Technologies is a research group covering a diverse range of subjects relating to product lifecycle thinking. Our interests span from extraction of raw resources from the natural world through to reprocessing at the products end of life. Our work covers topics as diverse as innovative manufacturing through to resilient logistics and design of products that provide more tangible benefits to society. We are delighted to welcome you to this blog which, month by month, will explore hot topics that interest us and which we think are important for society, economic competitiveness and our environment. Join in the debate!
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The Internet of Things - The newest ally in the war against food insecurity?


text:
Accessories, Designers
Who owns Fendi?
by AlexEnglish
Who owns Fendi, what is Fendi, and what are the brand's most iconic designs?
With over 90 years of expertise, Fendi is one the most successful fashion houses worldwide, famed for its luxurious fur creations and exquisite leather goods. We bet you would recognize the signature FF monogram anywhere, but you might not be familiar with the brand's history.
So who owns Fendi and what is Fendi?
Who owns Fendi
In 1925, Edoardo and Adele Fendi opened a small fur and leather workshop in Via del Plebescito, in the heart of Rome. The logo the founders chose was nothing like the one we know today: a squirrel, standing on a branch while holding a nut. This unusual mascot reportedly symbolized Adele's industriousness: Edoardo used to say his wife was always busy, just like a squirrel.
In the 1950s, the couple's five daughters (Paola, Anna, Franca, Carla, and Alda) joined the family business. Thanks to their youthful energy and creativity, Fendi flourished and gained success all over Europe.
In 1965, legendary German designer Karl Lagerfeld was appointed Creative Director. It was Lagerfeld who introduced the iconic FF monogram (known as inverted "zucca"), which today is featured on leather accessories and ready-to-wear alike.
Interestingly enough, the double F didn't stand for Fendi, but for "Fun Furs": Lagerfeld experimented with new techniques and treatments, transforming the classic fur coat into a soft, trendy, and versatile garment.
The brand was run by the founding family until 1999, when it was acquired. So who owns Fendi? It's LVMH, also known as Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton, the French luxury conglomerate. Today, the label is headquartered in Rome, at the Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana, also known as Square Colosseum.
Where is Fendi made?
The Italian brand prides itself on being entirely made in Italy, so check your pieces—if they're made elsewhere (e.g. made in China), you're dealing with a fake!
To honor and celebrate Italian craftsmanship, in 2020 the brand launched the "Hand in Hand" project, inviting 20 ateliers, one for each Italian region, to reinterpret the iconic Baguette bag, showcasing their unique savoir-faire.
The house has also recently invested in a new factory in Bagno a Ripoli, Tuscany, to further develop the label's leather goods category. The factory is expected to open in 2022, and will also serve as a training center.
The brand's bags are synonymous with luxury and timeless glamour. Over the years, the house has delivered a range of marvelous clutches, shoulder bags, and totes, masterfully crafted using the finest materials—from exotic crocodile leather to supple calfskin, from recycled plastic to soft sheepskin.
The Baguette is undoubtedly Fendi's most iconic design—a real "It" bag. Designed by Silvia Venturini Fendi (Anna Fendi's daughter) in 1997, the Baguette gained cult status thanks to its appearance on Sex and the City, on the arm of Sarah Jessica Parker.
Meant to be carried under the arm, just like a French baguette, this chic, timeless model comes in more than a thousand iterations: find an array of different colors, patterns, fabrics, and sizes. Today, the Baguette is still the the brand's most coveted item.
The Peekaboo (above) is another iconic design by Silvia Venturini Fendi. Introduced in 2009, this bag gets its name from its unusual construction—two halves divided by a rigid partition, and a front flap that can be pushed down to reveal the inside. For more than ten years, this playful yet sophisticated bag has been a favorite of celebrities of the likes of Chiara Ferragni, Rihanna, and Meghan Markle.
Fendi clutches come in any color and shape you could imagine, complementing both a chic evening dress and a casual brunch outfit, while the brand's totes are perfect for those who love travelling not so light.
Fendi bags range from $650 for a Basket Mini-Bag to $38,000 for a Peekaboo Iseeu Medium—yes, you read that number right. But luckily, if you shop italist.com, you can save up to 40% on our selection of Fendi bags, as we import our items directly from Italian boutiques.
Fendi belts
If you're looking for a statement belt to elevate any outfit, look no further than Fendi belts. Crafted from premium quality materials, they're an investment you will not regret making! Wear them with jeans, dresses, sweaters, trench coats… and turn heads everywhere you go.
We love the Elaphe belt, a narrow belt made in unique python-print elaphe leather and featuring the iconic FF monogram. If you're feeling bold, wear it with the white Touch bag with python-printed elaphe leather details.
For a more subtle look, we recommend this simple neutral-colored leather belt—a classic, refined style, crafted in supple calf leather and featuring a FF stud buckle in a vintage-gold finish.
Fendi belts are a great entry point into the luxury fashion world. You will spend an average of $400—which is still pricey, we know. But at italist, we have the best pricing offer on the market.
Now that you know who owns Fendi and what is Fendi, discover our large selection of Fendi for women and Fendi for men, and save up to 40% on the original price.
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A song cycle with mixed media artwork projections and original compositions, all created by the performer. Storytelling, humor, and art interwoven with compelling narrative - and highly entertaining as the creativity of the artist becomes an unexpected "passageway" through profound crisis. Please Note: The Triad has a 2-beverage minimum per person.


Towergate's creditors have struck a deal that will hand control of the troubled broker to its unsecured debt-holders.
Under the widely expected deal, the unsecured creditors, led JP Morgan-owned investment firm Highbridge Capital Management, will now acquire 80.6% of Towergate's equity from the secured creditors after investing a total of £300m.
The secured creditors will retain 19.4% of the company.
The new agreement has been unanimously approved by the Towergate board. More than 75% of the secured creditors and 65% of the unsecured creditors have approved the deal.
On Monday, Towergate reached an agreement with its secured creditors under which the secured creditors would acquire 100% of Towergate, cut its net debt to £370m and provide £75m of additional funding to the broker.
Under the new deal, the unsecured creditors – Highbridge, KKR and Sankaty Advisors –will pay £250m in cash, known as the SUN Capital Contribution, for their 80.6% stake.
They will also inject an additional £50m of equity into Towergate. Added to the £75m already being provided by the secured creditors, this will give Towergate new additional funds of £125m.
The new deal will slightly increase Towergate's net debt to £380m from the £370m envisaged under the previous deal.
Towergate executive chairman Alastair Lyons:"I am very happy that a consensual agreement has been reached between our senior creditors. This further agreement brings the very difficult last few months to an excellent conclusion.


text:
Tomáš Matykiewicz (* 4. Dezember 1982 in Český Těšín) ist ein tschechischer Gewichtheber.

Karriere
Matykiewicz erreichte bei den Weltmeisterschaften 2003 den zwölften Platz in der Klasse bis 105 kg. 2004 nahm er an den Olympischen Spielen in Athen teil, bei denen er 13. wurde. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften 2007 wurde er wegen eines Dopingverstoßes disqualifiziert und anschließend für zwei Jahre gesperrt. Nach seiner Sperre war er Zwölfter bei den Europameisterschaften 2010.

Weblinks

 Profil auf iwf.net
 Profil auf iwrp.net

Einzelnachweise

Gewichtheber (Tschechien)
Olympiateilnehmer (Tschechien)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2004
Dopingfall im Gewichtheben
Doping in Tschechien
Tscheche
Geboren 1982
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Do We Really Have a Gun Problem? The Facts Don't Lie.
People die. That is how life works; it eventually draws to an end as the curtains close and we shuffle off this mortal coil. When people die, it is from a variety of causes. If you are into the macabre, try to catch some reruns of 1,000 Ways to Die – we will only be discussing this in the abstract.
FACT: More people have been shot and killed in Chicago so far this year than were killed by all types of rifles in all of 2014.
The GunLink Blog has reached a milestone. We have successfully banged away at our keyboards enough to pass the quarter-million-words-published mark.
If each word were one mile long, you could stretch them out and reach the moon, even at apogee. Of course, if each one were $1USD, you could just buy a seat on a Virgin Galactic flight and get there quicker. If you had those dollars in the bank, the FDIC wouldn't even insure all of them. On the other hand, if they were Turkish Lira, you could easily fit it in your pocket.
According to Oxford Dictionaries, we could have simply listed every distinct word in the English language and realized this same auspicious achievement. However, we like guns – and, if you are reading GunLink, you presumably have at least some passing interest in them as well – so we thought that everyone's time would be better spent if we arranged a selection of those words in such a manner as to pique that interest.
This Monday – December 1st, 2015 – marks the 9th anniversary of #CyberMonday being a thing. Cyber Monday is a term dreamt up by some marketing team to boost sales in online stores hoping to compete with the brick-and-mortar boon of Black Friday. What that means in practice, though, is that Cyber Monday is the day when office productivity around the globe plummets as people who a) didn't want to deal with Black Friday crowds and B) didn't get the day off from work surf the web to find amazing deals.
More recent than Cyber Monday is #SmallBusinessSaturday – a day meant to promote the engine of the American economy: small businesses. Here at GunLink, we love deals, we love small businesses, and, doggone it, we love America, so we're offering a special deal on listings in the GunLink Directory: $10 off a Gold level listing and $15 off of a Platinum level listing. These deals will only last through Tuesday, December 2nd, so act now!
If you are reading this post, you obviously already know about the GunLink Blog. You might also visit the GunLink Forums to read or participate in discussions, firearms related or otherwise, with fellow firearms enthusiasts. But are you familiar with the original heart of GunLink?