text:
Anatomical relationships among the median nerve thenar branch, superficial palmar arch, and transverse carpal ligament
Justin M. Sacks, Yur Ren Kuo, Kia Mclean, Ronit Wollstein, W. P.Andrew Lee
BACKGROUND: A possible complication of open, limited incision or endoscopic carpal tunnel release is transection of the thenar branch of the median nerve or the superficial palmar arch. Knowledge of the anatomy of these structures in relationship to the transverse carpal ligament is critical in preventing these complications. The authors investigated these anatomical relationships using cadaveric dissections. METHODS: Forty-eight fresh cadaver hands were analyzed. The distance between the distal transverse carpal ligament and the superficial palmar arch, the distance between the distal transverse carpal ligament and the origin of the thenar branch of the median nerve, and the length of the transverse carpal ligament were measured. RESULTS: In the 48 specimens, the thenar branch of the median nerve was extraligamentous in 44 (92 percent), subligamentous zero (0 percent), and transligamentous in four (8 percent). The thenar branch of the median nerve contained one branch in 28 (58 percent) and multiple branches in 20 specimens (42 percent). The average distance from the distal transverse carpal ligament to the superficial palmar arch was 18.8 ± 0.6 mm (95 percent CI, 17.6 to 20.1 mm) and that to the thenar branch of the median nerve was 6.9 ± 0.4 mm (95 percent CI, 6.0 to 7.8 mm) (p < 0.0001). The average length of the transverse carpal ligament was 28.5 ± 0.8 mm (95 percent CI, 26.9 to 30.1 mm). CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical relationships among the superficial palmar arch, thenar branch of the median nerve, and distal transverse carpal ligament were found to be consistent. This will assist the hand surgeon in preventing specific complications regardless of the method of carpal tunnel release chosen.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000270305.37677.e7
10.1097/01.prs.0000270305.37677.e7
Dive into the research topics of 'Anatomical relationships among the median nerve thenar branch, superficial palmar arch, and transverse carpal ligament'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Median Nerve Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Wrist Medicine & Life Sciences 83%
Ligaments Medicine & Life Sciences 83%
Hand Medicine & Life Sciences 14%
Cadaver Medicine & Life Sciences 9%
Dissection Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Anatomy Medicine & Life Sciences 7%
Surgeons Medicine & Life Sciences 6%
Sacks, J. M., Kuo, Y. R., Mclean, K., Wollstein, R., & Lee, W. P. A. (2007). Anatomical relationships among the median nerve thenar branch, superficial palmar arch, and transverse carpal ligament. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 120(3), 713-718. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000270305.37677.e7
Anatomical relationships among the median nerve thenar branch, superficial palmar arch, and transverse carpal ligament. / Sacks, Justin M.; Kuo, Yur Ren; Mclean, Kia; Wollstein, Ronit; Lee, W. P.Andrew.
In: Plastic and reconstructive surgery, Vol. 120, No. 3, 01.09.2007, p. 713-718.
Sacks, JM, Kuo, YR, Mclean, K, Wollstein, R & Lee, WPA 2007, 'Anatomical relationships among the median nerve thenar branch, superficial palmar arch, and transverse carpal ligament', Plastic and reconstructive surgery, vol. 120, no. 3, pp. 713-718. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000270305.37677.e7
Sacks JM, Kuo YR, Mclean K, Wollstein R, Lee WPA. Anatomical relationships among the median nerve thenar branch, superficial palmar arch, and transverse carpal ligament. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2007 Sep 1;120(3):713-718. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000270305.37677.e7
Sacks, Justin M. ; Kuo, Yur Ren ; Mclean, Kia ; Wollstein, Ronit ; Lee, W. P.Andrew. / Anatomical relationships among the median nerve thenar branch, superficial palmar arch, and transverse carpal ligament. In: Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2007 ; Vol. 120, No. 3. pp. 713-718.
@article{e75c2b16fa394f06a1d01d08073d37d3,
title = "Anatomical relationships among the median nerve thenar branch, superficial palmar arch, and transverse carpal ligament",
abstract = "BACKGROUND: A possible complication of open, limited incision or endoscopic carpal tunnel release is transection of the thenar branch of the median nerve or the superficial palmar arch. Knowledge of the anatomy of these structures in relationship to the transverse carpal ligament is critical in preventing these complications. The authors investigated these anatomical relationships using cadaveric dissections. METHODS: Forty-eight fresh cadaver hands were analyzed. The distance between the distal transverse carpal ligament and the superficial palmar arch, the distance between the distal transverse carpal ligament and the origin of the thenar branch of the median nerve, and the length of the transverse carpal ligament were measured. RESULTS: In the 48 specimens, the thenar branch of the median nerve was extraligamentous in 44 (92 percent), subligamentous zero (0 percent), and transligamentous in four (8 percent). The thenar branch of the median nerve contained one branch in 28 (58 percent) and multiple branches in 20 specimens (42 percent). The average distance from the distal transverse carpal ligament to the superficial palmar arch was 18.8 ± 0.6 mm (95 percent CI, 17.6 to 20.1 mm) and that to the thenar branch of the median nerve was 6.9 ± 0.4 mm (95 percent CI, 6.0 to 7.8 mm) (p < 0.0001). The average length of the transverse carpal ligament was 28.5 ± 0.8 mm (95 percent CI, 26.9 to 30.1 mm). CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical relationships among the superficial palmar arch, thenar branch of the median nerve, and distal transverse carpal ligament were found to be consistent. This will assist the hand surgeon in preventing specific complications regardless of the method of carpal tunnel release chosen.",
author = "Sacks, {Justin M.} and Kuo, {Yur Ren} and Kia Mclean and Ronit Wollstein and Lee, {W. P.Andrew}",
doi = "10.1097/01.prs.0000270305.37677.e7",
journal = "Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery",
T1 - Anatomical relationships among the median nerve thenar branch, superficial palmar arch, and transverse carpal ligament
AU - Sacks, Justin M.
AU - Kuo, Yur Ren
AU - Mclean, Kia
AU - Wollstein, Ronit
AU - Lee, W. P.Andrew
N2 - BACKGROUND: A possible complication of open, limited incision or endoscopic carpal tunnel release is transection of the thenar branch of the median nerve or the superficial palmar arch. Knowledge of the anatomy of these structures in relationship to the transverse carpal ligament is critical in preventing these complications. The authors investigated these anatomical relationships using cadaveric dissections. METHODS: Forty-eight fresh cadaver hands were analyzed. The distance between the distal transverse carpal ligament and the superficial palmar arch, the distance between the distal transverse carpal ligament and the origin of the thenar branch of the median nerve, and the length of the transverse carpal ligament were measured. RESULTS: In the 48 specimens, the thenar branch of the median nerve was extraligamentous in 44 (92 percent), subligamentous zero (0 percent), and transligamentous in four (8 percent). The thenar branch of the median nerve contained one branch in 28 (58 percent) and multiple branches in 20 specimens (42 percent). The average distance from the distal transverse carpal ligament to the superficial palmar arch was 18.8 ± 0.6 mm (95 percent CI, 17.6 to 20.1 mm) and that to the thenar branch of the median nerve was 6.9 ± 0.4 mm (95 percent CI, 6.0 to 7.8 mm) (p < 0.0001). The average length of the transverse carpal ligament was 28.5 ± 0.8 mm (95 percent CI, 26.9 to 30.1 mm). CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical relationships among the superficial palmar arch, thenar branch of the median nerve, and distal transverse carpal ligament were found to be consistent. This will assist the hand surgeon in preventing specific complications regardless of the method of carpal tunnel release chosen.
AB - BACKGROUND: A possible complication of open, limited incision or endoscopic carpal tunnel release is transection of the thenar branch of the median nerve or the superficial palmar arch. Knowledge of the anatomy of these structures in relationship to the transverse carpal ligament is critical in preventing these complications. The authors investigated these anatomical relationships using cadaveric dissections. METHODS: Forty-eight fresh cadaver hands were analyzed. The distance between the distal transverse carpal ligament and the superficial palmar arch, the distance between the distal transverse carpal ligament and the origin of the thenar branch of the median nerve, and the length of the transverse carpal ligament were measured. RESULTS: In the 48 specimens, the thenar branch of the median nerve was extraligamentous in 44 (92 percent), subligamentous zero (0 percent), and transligamentous in four (8 percent). The thenar branch of the median nerve contained one branch in 28 (58 percent) and multiple branches in 20 specimens (42 percent). The average distance from the distal transverse carpal ligament to the superficial palmar arch was 18.8 ± 0.6 mm (95 percent CI, 17.6 to 20.1 mm) and that to the thenar branch of the median nerve was 6.9 ± 0.4 mm (95 percent CI, 6.0 to 7.8 mm) (p < 0.0001). The average length of the transverse carpal ligament was 28.5 ± 0.8 mm (95 percent CI, 26.9 to 30.1 mm). CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical relationships among the superficial palmar arch, thenar branch of the median nerve, and distal transverse carpal ligament were found to be consistent. This will assist the hand surgeon in preventing specific complications regardless of the method of carpal tunnel release chosen.
U2 - 10.1097/01.prs.0000270305.37677.e7
DO - 10.1097/01.prs.0000270305.37677.e7
JO - Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
JF - Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery


Keta came to us from Texas. His foster momma wrote: "Keta is a VERY good boy. He already listens so well! If he's not on a leash, he does not take off but listens and follows you. He only goes potty outside and he is very good when he has to be in his crate. Keta doesn't mind cats either! He will be the perfect family puppy. He just wants to love and play!"
-Keta does have some food aggression when eating with other dogs, but as long as he can be fed away from them, he does fine!
Keta will receive his booster vaccine and rabies vaccine prior to adoption.


Most people who come to the Inner City Centre are looking for individual therapy. However, we also offer group therapy with a trained Group Analyst and if you are interested in this, you can ask the Referral Therapist about whether this kind of therapy might suit you.
Group analytic therapy is applied to a variety of problems and life situations. Anxiety, depression, interpersonal difficulties and low self-esteem are typical problems for which a group might be recommended. It may also be helpful to those who suffer from the effects of loss, or from psychosomatic conditions. However, group analytic work does not only address traumatic life experiences but is also concerned with uncovering the undeveloped aspirations and creativity of group members.
At the heart of Group Analysis is the idea that human beings are fundamentally social beings, whose lives are inextricably linked with other people in manifold ways.
As development and change occur in a social context, groups are a natural setting in which to offer therapy. In the supportive atmosphere of the group, members can address a wide range of personal, family, work and relationship issues.
Other therapeutic experiences arise from the opportunity to see oneself through the eyes of others and to participate in the therapy of other group members. Everyone uses the group differently, and at his or her own pace.
Groups are held once or twice weekly for an hour and a half and are conducted by an experienced group analyst. In each group there are up to eight group members. The group meets for approximately forty weeks a year and there are set holidays at Christmas, Easter, August and at half-terms.
There is no set agenda but often issues brought by group members can mirror helpful connections in each other's lives. The group may often represent families and other relevant groups and enable members to work through things that arise within these contexts.
Confidentiality should be respected at all times. Contact between group members should not occur outside the group and if it does, this should be discussed in the group. Most group members make a commitment of at least two years and when wishing to leave, this should be discussed in the group.
As a prospective group member you will be asked to come for an assessment. This is to determine whether group analysis is a suitable type of therapy for your needs.


Youth Leaders Training: In Luapula, Zambia, a youth camp has developed into a youth leaders' training course to impact young people and bring a solution to a generation so often looked down upon, yet key to the future of the church. The need has grown so much that we receive many calls to go and train young people in other areas. We are currently able to offer 25 students from Mwena and surrounding areas three days' training every second month. However, we hope to start courses in other centres to maximise the number of people equipped as youth leaders. Please pray for God's provision to meet the needs of young people.
Little growth: Bosnian allegiance to Islam came about as a result of 500 years of Turkish occupation, which means that evangelical witness is small. Prior to 1991 there were only two or three known congregations in Sarajevo. By 2000, this number increased to 29, some fellowships in places where the worst atrocities had taken place, and with about 500 people attending services. However, these infant fellowships are by no means strong. Churches started in Bosnia after the end of the war in 1995, with dozens of mission workers coming in under the umbrella of Christian NGOs. A lot of people became Christians based on the benefits they perceived in doing so. Today, many of these people still find it difficult to be self-confident in the Lord and in His provision. The true situation today is a stagnant church with little or no growth. Please pray for a spiritual awakening in Bosnia.
Reasons to be thankful: Give thanks that multi-party democracy has brought increasing prosperity to the people of Mexico. Furthermore, the legal protection of religious minorities has helped the advance of the gospel. With new churches being planted, there are now significant teaching, training and literature needs. Pray that these needs will be met, so that this growth may be sustained.
Unhelpful incentives: Pemba lies on the shore of the Indian Ocean in the northeast part of Mozambique. When Christianity first came to the people of Pemba, money and other materials were used as incentives in order to win converts from Islam. Unfortunately this has remained the expectation of the people, even today. Pray for the church in Pemba which is struggling to make an impact in this difficult environment.
Church in Pemba: Pemba lies on the shore of the Indian Ocean in the northeast part of Mozambique. When Christianity first came to the people of Pemba, money and other materials were used as incentives in order to win converts from Islam. Unfortunately this has remained the expectation of the people, even today. Pray for the church in Pemba which is struggling to make an impact in this difficult environment.
The Karen: Most Karen people in Thailand live in the mountain villages, where there is a great need for more pastors, evangelists, women, youth and children's workers in the rural churches. The Chrestos Bible School is seeking to meet this need. The new academic year which started in June has 68 students eager to study the Bible. In the afternoons they study computers, music, Karen, Thai and English. Please pray for the Chrestos teachers, students and those to whom they will minister.
High crime rates: Crime throughout Brazil, assassinations, hijackings and extreme violence has risen to alarming rates. The number of drug addicts has doubled in the last few years and this is reflected in the number of fatal accidents on urban roads. The number of fatalities resulting from car and motorcycle accidents during the first three months of the present year has more than doubled from the same period last year. Authorities are most concerned also with the news that a new drug, even more addictive than crack, is now in circulation. Please pray for the safety of those working, living and travelling in Brazil. Also pray for young people growing up in this environment.
A brighter future: Most of the 5 million Christians in Pakistan are nominal and gather together in city slums and village colonies. Half are under the age of 20 and, of these children and young people, most have never been to school. There are not enough government schools to meet the needs of the exploding population and prejudice against Christians deters many parents from sending their children to schools that reinforce Islamic values. There are few church schools and, out of necessity, those there are often charge fees beyond the reach of poor Christians and end up teaching wealthy Muslims. The pressure of poverty forces many to send their children to work, sweeping streets, in brick kilns, or in carpet factories, where they are easy prey for the unscrupulous in society. Pray for safety for these children and for the ministry of those working to offer them a brighter future.
Pulled in many directions : Lebanon is a nation which is pulled in many directions by a variety of internal and external influences, including pro-Iranian parties. The country's political fragility was demonstrated by the collapse of the National Unity Government in January. Furthermore, Lebanon is still rebuilding following the 15 year civil war ending in 1990 and more recently the month long conflict between Israel and Hezbollah in 2006. Nevertheless, there are significant openings for service in this land, particularly through education. Pray for Christians to be instrumental in shaping Lebanon's future.
The Khmu: The large numbers of Khmu people becoming Christians and growing spiritually in Laos today is due in large part to the Khmu radio broadcasting programme. This is broadcast twice a day from the Philippines and beams into Laos, Thailand, China and Vietnam, where the Khmu are living. The population of the Khmu in southeast Asia is about 800,000, with about 700,000 in Laos, of which there are about 60,000 Khmu Christians in 11 provinces.
Taking initiative: Since the early 1990s there has been relative freedom for churches in Cambodia. In the intervening years, missionaries and Christian development workers have made a significant contribution to the development of life in the country, but increasingly the national Church is now taking the initiative. In the early 2000s there was still a strong sense of insecurity, but this has changed. In 1979 there were 1,000 evangelical Christians; today the figure is estimated at between 220,000 and 300,000.
Education for Christian families: Starfish Asia was set up in 2003 to help Christian families in Pakistan. There are about 2.5 million children from Christian families who have little or no education due to poverty, discrimination or the shortage of facilities. This in turn makes them vulnerable to exploitation by unscrupulous employers. Starfish Asia currently supports 5,000 children in 28 schools and homes. Some of the schools also offer classes for adult literacy, sewing, cooking and computing, and use the facilities for prayer and outreach. Please hold this valuable ministry in your prayers.
Improving healthcare: Healthcare in Benin has improved dramatically since the 1980s but there are still only around 6 doctors per 100,000 patients nationwide. Centre de la Santé is a small clinic set up with the help of French doctors, Briand and Hélène Tatford in 2006. Operating in a suburb of Cotonou, a city of nearly 2 million people, every week the centre treats between 100 and 150 people and delivers about 40 babies. German Christians recently donated an ambulance and there are plans to extend the work by adding a new laboratory. The dream is ultimately to build a fully-equipped hospital with 50 beds. Please pray for the development of this project.
Overcoming suspicion: France is a proud nation, giving the impression of self-sufficiency. Raised on philosophical and secular thought, many French people seem to have an inherent suspicion of the gospel. Despite this, there has been a steady, though slow, growth in the Church and new churches have been planted which now have a good number of young people as members.


Students with eating disorders tend to be very concerned with body image and may make comments to this effect, about themselves and/or to or about others. Students with eating disorders may not eat at school or eat very little. They may over eat at times and/or purge what they've eaten. They may request to use the washroom after eating periods. They may have broken blood vessels around their eyes and/or seem pale after purging. The student may engage or talk about excessive exercise. The student may or may not be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa (purging related) and/or anorexia nervosa.
An area of student need involving a self-imposed restricted diet or refusal to eat and/or compensation actions after eating to avoid gaining weight or excessive eating.
Anorexia Nervosa: Self-restriction of calories leading to low body weight, impaired physical development and/or physical health and persistent behaviour to avoid weight gain, with intense fear of gaining weight and distorted body image.
Bulimia Nervosa: Recurrent episodes, at least once a week for three months, of binge eating (consuming very large amounts of food in a relatively short period of time), that feels "out of control" with inappropriate compensatory acts to prevent weight gain (vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications, fasting or excessive exercise).
Binge Eating Disorder: Recurrent episodes, at least once a week for three months, of binge eating without compensatory actions, but with three (or more) of the following: 1. Eating more quickly than normal. 2. Eating until uncomfortably full. 3. Eating large amounts when not feeling physically hungry. 4. Eating alone due to embarrassment of quantity. 5. Feelings of self disgust, depression or guilt after binging.
Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder: Atypical anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and/or binge eating disorder if not all the criteria are met.
•	Avoid making comments on body image or appearance as these could be taken the wrong way.
•	Normalize healthy eating as it comes up in classroom discussions.
•	Be in frequent contact with parents and enlist of school supports (Child and Youth Worker, Social Worker, Counselor, etc.).
•	Be flexible with work completion and memory, which can be negatively impacted by restricted food/starvation.
•	Provide resources to the student and parent on eating disorders and counseling options (school and/or community).
•	Teach media literacy, focusing on realistic body images.
•	Supervise eating in communication/consultation with parents/guardians.


text:
Q: Compute new variable based on multiple arguments in subsets of dataframe I'm working with a large database consisting of multiple studies with over 100.000 rows. The study sizes vary from 300 to over 10.000, and more studies are added regularly.
I want to calculate a reference interval for h1 and h2 per study, excluding cases which don't fulfill the criteria. After that I want to count the cases which are outside these reference ranges, but using all of the cases this time. I want to do this per study and preferably with a loop or a split by study, since new studies are added regularly. In this way I don't have to alter the code every time a new study is added.
I've tried a for loop and group_by(), but both don't work unfortunately.
Consider this data.frame:
df <- data.frame(study = rep(LETTERS[1:3], each = 4),
                 h1 = c(2, 3, 8, 4, 5, 8, 1, 6, 7, 8, NA, 11),
                 h2 = c(10, 12, 9, 14, 15, 16, 20, 19, 11, 12, 14, 18),
                 v1 = c(0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1),
                 v2 = c(0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0))
df

# Groups:   study [3]
   study    h1    h2    v1    v2
   <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
 1 A         2    10     0     0
 2 A         3    12     0     1
 3 A         8     9     1     0
 4 A         4    14     0     0
 5 B         5    15     0     0
 6 B         8    16     0     0
 7 B         1    20     1     1
 8 B         6    19     0     0
 9 C         7    11     0     0
10 C         8    12     0     0
11 C        NA    14     0     0
12 C        11    18     1     0

I want to calculate a reference interval per study, excluding cases which have a "1" for v1 or v2. So for example the first study:
   > quantile(df$h1[df$study == "A" & df$v1 == 0 & df$v2 == 0], prob = c(0.05, 0.95), na.rm = TRUE)
     5% 95%
    2.1 3.9
   > quantile(df$h2[df$study == "A" & df$v1 == 0 & df$v2 == 0], prob = c(0.05, 0.95), na.rm = TRUE)
      5%  95%
    10.2 13.8

Now I want to compute a new variable which is "1" if h1 >= upper limit of ref interval q1 and h2 < lower limit of q2. Otherwise it would become a "0", or "NA" if any NA's are present in the used variables h1 and h2.
I've tried this for-loop:
library(dplyr)
for (i in levels(df$study)){

      q1 <- quantile(df$h1[df$study == i & df$v1 == 0 & df$v2 == 0], prob = c(0.05, 0.95), na.rm = TRUE)
      q2 <- quantile(df$h2[df$study == i & df$v1 == 0 & df$v2 == 0], prob = c(0.05, 0.95), na.rm = TRUE)

      df <- df %>%
        mutate(x1 = if_else(study == i & h1 >= q1[2] & h2 < q2[1], 1, 0))
    }

Which doesnt work unfortunately. Also, if it would work I think it would have resulted in a loop which would overwrite its own results. I've also tried using dplyr and group_by;
df <- df %>% group_by(study)
  mutate(x1 = ifelse((df$h1 >= quantile(df$h1[df$v1 == 0 & df$v2 == 0], prob = c(0.95), na.rm = TRUE) &
                      df$h2 <  quantile(df$h2[df$v1 == 0 & df$v2 == 0], prob = c(0.05), na.rm = TRUE)), 1, 0))

But this gives me an error: no applicable method for 'mutate' applied to an object of class "c('double', 'numeric')".
It should result in a new variable x1, and the first study should be 0, 0, 1, 0. Does anyone have a tip have to tackle this problem?

A: Since you want only upper quantile of h1 and lower one of h2 calculate only those and add them as new columns to compare.
library(dplyr)

df %>%
  group_by(study) %>%
  mutate(val1 = quantile(h1[v1 == 0 & v2 == 0], prob = 0.95, na.rm = TRUE),
         val2 = quantile(h2[v1 == 0 & v2 == 0], prob = 0.05, na.rm = TRUE),
         x1 = as.integer(h1 >= val1 & h2 <= val2),
         x1 = replace(x1, is.na(h1) | is.na(h2), NA)) %>%
  ungroup -> df
df

#   study    h1    h2    v1    v2  val1  val2    x1
#   <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <int>
# 1 A         2    10     0     0  3.9   10.2     0
# 2 A         3    12     0     1  3.9   10.2     0
# 3 A         8     9     1     0  3.9   10.2     1
# 4 A         4    14     0     0  3.9   10.2     0
# 5 B         5    15     0     0  7.8   15.1     0
# 6 B         8    16     0     0  7.8   15.1     0
# 7 B         1    20     1     1  7.8   15.1     0
# 8 B         6    19     0     0  7.8   15.1     0
# 9 C         7    11     0     0  7.95  11.1     0
#10 C         8    12     0     0  7.95  11.1     0
#11 C        NA    14     0     0  7.95  11.1    NA
#12 C        11    18     1     0  7.95  11.1     0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The sophistication and efficiency of buying and selling digital advertising means online and mobile ads are proliferating. But that has left many internet users in France feeling bombarded by ads in digital environments, and they prefer a less distracting experience. France continues to post one of the highest levels of ad blocking in Western Europe.
eMarketer estimates that the number of internet users in France using ad blockers at least once per month reached 14.1 million in 2017, and will pass 16 million in 2019. This year, 28.7% of internet users of all ages will block ads, equivalent to 22.9% of France's entire population.
eMarketer's latest report, "Ad Blocking in France 2018: Numbers Still Rising as Concern Extends to Mobile Devices," examines consumer attitudes toward advertising, and how that contributes to the increasing use of ad blockers.
Many internet users in France feel that digital advertising is intrusive and irrelevant to their interests. Some 68% of web users in France polled by Kantar Millward Brown in November 2017 said ads were more intrusive than three years prior, and 75% said ads appeared in more places in that time frame. More than one-third of those surveyed found ads more confusing as well.
Ad block usage has grown steadily in recent years, as millions of individuals use ad blocking tools to reassert some control over their online experience. While usage is still far greater on PCs than on mobile devices, mobile ad blocking is rising rapidly, in part because internet users are spending more time on their smartphones.
eMarketer subscribers can access the full report now.


text:
Q: android get formatted string via webservice In my android app, I send an HTTP POST Request and get a responseString like this:
Titel

Description

this string I would like to set in a textview with the same style.
I know that I have to convert the
 to perform a line break.
For this I use this code:
Html.fromHtml(responseString.replace("\n", "
")));

but how can I apply the font color for my description?
<TextView android:id="@+id/txtview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:textSize="13dp"
        android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLargePopupMenu"/>

AutoComplete
responseString = "Titel

Description
";
        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(
                this,
                R.layout.autocomplete, R.id.txtresponseString,
                responseString
        );
        TextView.setAdapter(adapter);

A: to do that you must put the description inside his own text view by splitng the server response into two differents texviews


← Congratulations to CLACS May 2014 Graduates!
The event was organized by Professor Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui, current Andrés Bello Chair in Latin American Culture and Civilization at the King Juan Carlos I Center at New York University.
This entry was posted in Events and Happenings, Featured Faculty, Photo Essay and tagged silvia rivera cusicanqui. Bookmark the permalink.


Emma has five children - Jordyn (20), Jade (15, Dualta (15), Adam (14) and one year old Sonny James. She began writing in 2005 when she entered and won a short story competition in May of that year. By December she had staged her first stage show, signed a first book deal with Dodder a few months later and Crazy For You hit the shelves in 2007. Emma went on to write 6 novels with Poolbeg Press in Ireland and is now delighted to be with Harper Impulse (Harper Collins).


A topic that I seem to come across more recently are strategy and management consulting firms creating great surveys and reports about the transport (or any other industry). These reports, often including fancy graphics and pointing out towards a generic recommendation offer great layout, great haptics and a wonderful simplified view of the world.
In principle, that is not an issue at all, since we all know the limitations of these reports and surveys – at least that is what i thought. Recently I came across some top executives that used these surveys to argue for a specific decision they made after which we had a discussion on the merits of these reports.
Top-Execs observe the real world through their organization, and the competition and reading reports about it.
Within the consulting firms, the survey results are used to consult their customers and create reports as a marketing instrument or for the general public.
The reports are further distilled to give good enough generic recommendations and depict a view of the real world as clear as possible. The survey responses are often augmented with relevant statistics (e.g. trade or industry growth) that suffer their own respective biases.
How to get out of this self fulfilling prophecy spiral?
This question has actually a very simple answer: Stop orienting yourself on these reports, make up your own mind. The long answer could go into the direction to build an efficient and effective flat organization, send out scouts, dedicated to recognizing trends and possible tipping points in your industry, talk a lot to your customers, your suppliers and even more to your own staff.


Bernar Venet's 2 Arcs de 212.5° — also known as the "Red C" — is typical of Venet's minimalist work in steel. Seemingly precariously balanced, this work, like his others, reflects the artist's love of mathematics and his style of adapting material, form, balance, and spatial perception.
Twenty five limestone pillars, each 40-feet high, in a five-by-five grid, comprise the Bartholomew County Memorial for Veterans. Engraved on the columns are the names of those who gave their lives, along with excerpts from selected correspondence. Though large, the piece offers a meditative and intimate experience from the letters to and from the soldiers. The memorial was designed by Thompson and Rose Architects and received the Boston Society of Architects Unbuilt Architecture Design Award in 1996.
Situated on Bartholomew County Courthouse Square near entrance to the city; 25 columns of rock-cut Indiana limestone honor the county's veterans of 20th century wars. The winner of a national design competition, the Veterans Memorial is a grid of limestone pillars: a monolith of rough and naturally textured stone when viewed from afar and—from its interior meditative spaces—a forest of soaring columns separated by narrow passageways. Veterans' names, letters and diary entries were etched on the smooth surfaces. At night, lights embedded in the base create a dramatic play of light and shadow and illuminate the memorial's interior.
Materials: Indiana limestone; black granite.
It seems fitting that the centerpiece of Columbus, Indiana, a city known for both its great architectural designs and its world-class manufacturing operations, would be a sculpture that successfully marries art and engineering. Tinguely, a colorful character sporting a bushy moustache, took up residence in Columbus's former city powerhouse near Mill Race Park for nearly two years from 1973 to 1974. Locals have wonderful memories of the artist-in-residence. Tinguely became a regular at the local "watering holes" during that time. He was said to have been delighted by the quality of the scrap he found in local junkyards about town because they provided the raw material for his work.
Chaos I cycles through a series of motions to simulate a day in a life, beginning slowly at first, adding movements and then winding down again. At the peak of its chaotic movements, steel balls roll and crash through a caged track, making a ruckus. So special is Chaos to the community, for the three years that the new Commons was being constructed, it was safely protected in a climate-controlled box while The Commons was razed and rebuilt all around it.
The architect of the original Commons, Cesar Pelli, first suggested to J. Irwin Miller, CEO of Cummins Engine Co., that a sculpture by Tinguely would be the perfect centerpiece to this downtown facility. The structure filled three city blocks and was designed to be a public gathering space, playground, and performance area within an urban shopping mall. Pelli stated, "We would like a great magnet, a focal point such as the old town clock…a place for people to meet and greet one another." The work was commissioned by J. Irwin and Xenia Irwin Miller and Mrs. Robert Tangeman in late 1971.
Robert Indiana's C painting is indicative of his pop art pieces. It uses distinctive imagery in what he called "sculptural poems." The bold, simple representation melds the trendy with the philosophical, and centers around one basic focal point, the C in the center. Bold rays of color radiate from the center, and the piece is anchored by a composite of the Columbus skyline. The piece includes the date the city was founded (1821) and the date Robert Indiana finished the work (1981).
Robert Indiana will be coming home next month. On Feb. 16 the famed artist will open an 11-week exhibit of his works ("The Essential Robert Indiana") at the Indianapolis Museum of Art.
It will be a homecoming for the man who chose the state for his adoptive last name. He had good cause. Before he reached adulthood he had lived in 21 Hoosier cities and towns.
Columbus was his last Indiana home.
When you live at 21 different addresses in the space of 21 years, some connections can be considered tenuous at best.
The Columbus tie was established in 1946 when his mother, the former Carmen Waters, who was born in Sandcreek Township in Bartholomew County, moved to a house on McKinley Avenue with her husband, Foster Dickey, Indiana's stepfather. At the time, Robert Indiana was Robert Clark, his birth name.
While the house on McKinley Avenue was his official address, it's doubtful that he spent much time in it. When the family moved from Indianapolis to Columbus, he was just completing his senior year at Arsenal Technical High School. After graduation, he enlisted in the U.S. Army and was still on active duty when his mother died in 1949.
But the McKinley Avenue house did make an impression on the artist. He made several references to it and Columbus in remarks during return visits to this city, one in 1975 when his works were exhibited in the Columbus Gallery of the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which at that time was located on the second floor of the Columbus Area Visitors Center.
His most detailed comments about Columbus came about because of a really direct connection to the city. In 1981 he presided over the unveiling of one of his trademark works, a diamond-shaped "C" displayed at the top of the staircase leading to the upper floor of City Hall.
Large letters are at the center of most Indiana works. His fame as an artist had been cemented by the iconic "LOVE" sculpture, which has been the trademark of the Indianapolis Museum of Art since 1970.
His Columbus "C" was derived from several memories, many of them personal and relating to his last Indiana home.
He told the audience at the unveiling on that day in 1981 that one of the "C" links was obviously Columbus, but then he added several other connections. One was to his given name of Clark. Another to his mother's name, Carmen. He also suggested the art was influenced by the driving force in the city's economy, Cummins Engine Co. He evoked the love he felt for his mother by alluding to another "C," the Crump Theatre, where he took his mother for a movie shortly before her death.
He even injected a bit of humor into his "C" connections, suggesting that the letter could symbolize the courage the city leaders exhibited in selecting him to do the work.
Columbus' "C" has obviously not achieved the fame of the Indianapolis Museum of Art's sculpture, but that might have to do with the failure to come to a licensing agreement. Originally city officials envisioned the letter as an official city seal, but that would have required separate licensing fees each time the image was used.
Sadly, the City Hall "C" and memories are the only surviving links that tie the city to the artist.
After the family moved from Indianapolis to Columbus in 1946, Dickey took a job at a bakery owned by Sap Essex of Sap's Donuts fame.
The family's living conditions were not ideal. The home on McKinley Avenue was unheated and didn't have running water. Nevertheless, Foster and Carmen opened a bakery of their own in the house.
The McKinley Avenue house was demolished in the 1960s when Cummins began construction of its Tech Center. The value of the house would have been modest, but one of Indiana's connections to the city that is linked to the house would be worth millions today.
It was in that house that he painted his first sign. Unfortunately, the sign was lost several years ago.
A 4-foot tall bronze by Jo Saylors of four children playing crack the whip, a children's game dating to the late 1800s. The piece is meticulous in detail, right down to the wrinkles in the clothes and the off-balanced positions of the children. Commissioned by Mr. and Mrs. James K. Baker as a gift to honor Arvin employees, the piece was originally placed at the former Arvin Corporate headquarters on Central Avenue. After Arvin left Columbus, the Baker's exercised their option to have the piece relocated to a spot more accessible to the public. The piece was gifted to Heritage Fund – The Community Foundation of Bartholomew County and moved to its current location.


text:
'My belief—my worry—is that the Taliban will never change'
Shakib Noori
China's building roads in South Asia, but can it build bridges?
Afghanistan needs a caretaker government
Why democracy is failing in Afghanistan
Has Pakistan come out on top in the war in Afghanistan?
Can Imran Khan mend the broken Pakistan-Afghanistan relationship?
Gandhi's murder: Debate rages still over Hindutva ideology role
Where is Yemen's conflict(s) headed?
In Syria, the US needs to address the roots of Daesh, not the symptoms
A window of opportunity to limit Iran's dominance in Iraq?
America's simmering Hindutva extremism problem
The Taliban should be cautiously welcomed at the negotiating table but with a view on moderating the group.
Afghanistan has been mired in violent conflict my entire life. Yet, more than anything else, Afghans still yearn for peace. While ongoing peace talks between the Taliban and the US offer hope that one day all Afghans will live in harmony under a unified Afghanistan, I remain wary that the Taliban have not changed.
As a teenage boy, I witnessed the Taliban, with their Toyota pickups, Kalashnikovs, and literal interpretation of Islam, overrun Kabul. The day that happened is still seared into my brain: September 27, 1996.
Early that morning, I dressed in my father's peraan tunban to see what the disturbance was in Ariana Square, only to be met by a tide of shaken people briskly walking the opposite direction. Many were weeping, others wailing into the air, but every face I saw had gone pale with horror, as everyone fled back to their homes.
When I made it to the square ten minutes later, I was jarred by the dead bodies of the former President of Afghanistan, Dr Najeebullah, and his brother, hanging by their necks.
Dr Najeebullah was the last President of Afghanistan (1987–1992) before the Taliban seized Kabul. When the Taliban took control in 1996, ex-President Najeebullah, for his safety, had been living in the United Nations headquarters in Kabul. But none of that mattered anymore, because now wads of money and cigarettes had been stuffed in the dead ex-President and his brother's noses, mouths, and ears.
The Kabulis who had remained at Ariana Square that day displayed mixed reactions, as I froze in shock.
Some collapsed to the ground; others threw their arms up and fulminated; still, others covered their mouths and eyes in horror, while the Taliban stood by cheering at the bent and dangling feet of the bodies they had strung up and so brutally left to rot under the rising sun.
This first encounter with the Taliban finally sent me stumbling homeward—broken, horrified, and confused as the rest of the city's residents.
By the time I entered high school, the Taliban had decreed that only boys could attend. To get to school every day, I had to walk through Ariana Square, forced to recall the bodies I had seen hanging there.
I constantly worried that one day I or someone from my family would be strung up by some of the hundreds of black-cloaked, black-turbaned, bearded and aggressively sanctimonious Taliban who now stood watch at my school, often chiding us in Urdu, the official language of Pakistan. Those years saw the Taliban recruiting more of their ranks across Afghanistan's border with Pakistan.
The Ariana Hotel across from my school became the Taliban's base. Currently, it is the Kabul headquarters of the CIA.
One morning, the Taliban kidnapped my father for the high crime of owning a Russian car, a GAZ Volga. In the eyes of the Taliban, my father's beaten-up, grey 1987 Volga resembled a government vehicle.
My father was beaten for an entire day, then returned home to us, bruised and shaken, only after his torturers discovered he had never worked for any government. His car was just a car. My family, who had been educated for years in Kabul's universities, lost their jobs, and my sisters were banned from attending school.
Fearing for our lives and livelihoods, my family and I fled to Pakistan, alongside 2.7 million other Afghans. Once there, I survived Islamabad by sweeping sidewalks, cleaning shops, or doing other menial chores to help feed my family.
Fortunately, I became one of the few Afghan refugees in Islamabad who found a way to pursue an education, as well as the next opportunity to pursue higher education in the United States. But I have often wondered about the fate of the millions of other young Afghans in the same situation who did not enjoy my same good fortune of education.
Today, the Taliban are involved in peace talks with the United States, in Doha, at the behest of the Trump administration. My belief—my worry—is that the Taliban will never change.
Just five years of government rule by the Taliban regime has caused Afghanistan so much cultural and social damage, not to mention the decades-lingering mass bloodshed due to their violent murders, lynchings, and bombings that still occur to this day.
The Taliban must now realise that Afghanistan has changed a lot since then. They must also understand that, as a people, we will not fall backwards again. As a person who still carries memories of the earliest Taliban atrocities, most certainly neither will I.
Sixty-two percent of Afghans are under 25 years of age. This significant portion of our population was born during or after the Taliban government and has been exposed to a modernising world of democracy, civil society, and the rule of law. In this world, we must all move forward.
The Taliban and its acts should neither be forgiven nor forgotten.
They should be reckoned with as a relic of the past. At the peace table, we must not compromise 18 years of achievements earned via so much sacrifice by Afghans and our international partners from the West.
If the Taliban want to come to the table for the sake of the country and its people, they must be willing to open their closed minds. They must understand that more important than imposing a strict Sharia law is to live in peace with the rest of us under a unified Afghanistan. They must respect both individual and secular rights, especially for women.
Peace should not be sought for the political gains of an individual, the political elite, or a religious order at the cost of the freedom of others. If true peace is to come, it must not compromise the rights and freedoms of any individual.
If you want to come and sit at the table of peace, Taliban, you are most welcome. Keep in mind, however, that, though some may be willing to forgive you, or try to forget you for Afghanistan's brighter future, your terrible atrocities remain fresh in most people's minds. If no apology or recompense comes at the negotiating table, you will have no place alongside the rest of us at the greater table called Afghanistan.
Disclaimer: The viewpoints expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the opinions, viewpoints and editorial policies of TRT World.
We welcome all pitches and submissions to TRT World Opinion – please send them via email, to opinion.editorial@trtworld.com
@shakibnoori
Shakib Noori has previously worked at the World Bank HQ and served as Afghanistan's Economic Counselor at the Embassy of Afghanistan in Washington DC. He has a master's degree in international economic policy & management from Columbia University.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Three is this season's magic number - should Sunderland go for an extra man at the back?
The Black Cats experiemented with three at the back at Turf Moor on Tuesday - is it a shape they should consider playing more often?
Get the latest SAFC updates & transfer news straight to your inbox by signing up to our FREE newsletter
This season three is the magic number.
Antonio Conte's Chelsea have led the way in the Premier League with a 3-4-2-1 formation, and others have happily jumped on the bandwagon. Tottenham Hotspur, Manchester City, West Ham United, Hull City, Watford, Everton, Middlesbrough, Bournemouth and Leicester City have all tried variations of three (or five) at the back in this season's top-flight, with differing degrees of success.
A formation that had largely gone out of fashion in this country is now back en vogue.
Sunderland gave it a crack at Turf Moor on Tuesday in an FA Cup third round replay and while it cannot be said to have been a resounding success – they lost 2-0 – David Moyes will have to think about whether to do it again.
It was not the first time he had wheeled out a back three. Moyes tried to match up Chelsea's formation – many teams have this term – at the Stadium of Light in December and although that game was also lost, but the narrow 1-0 defeat saw one of their better performances this season.
When it comes to formations, there is no right and wrong. It is all down to getting the best out of what you have.
(Image: Sunderland AFC)
Chelsea's shape works because in Marcos Alonso and Victor Moses they have two players well suited to the role of wing-back – not defenders uncomfortable with the attacking side of the role or wingers reluctant to track back. Spurs are warming to the formation because Kyle Walker and Danny Rose are probably the best attacking full-backs in the country, made for the job of wing-back.
In Eden Hazard and Pedro, Chelsea have two players well suited to what once upon a time was called the job of inside-forward, and a striker ahead of them in Diego Costa who is comfortable leading the line alone.
Should Sunderland risk returning stars at West Brom? Pick your side here
David Luiz is a better defender with the insurance of an extra centre-back alongside him, and Ngolo Kante, Nemanja Matic and Cesc Fabregas can provide the right balance of security and ingenuity in midfield, depending on the job in hand.
So what about Sunderland?
No one would enjoy three at the back more than Patrick van Aanholt, never convincing as an out-and-out left-back, but capable of causing havoc at the other end of the field if given the freedom.
With the possible exception of Wahbi Khazri, who is at the African Cup of Nations, Duncan Watmore, injured, and Rees Greenwood, an inexperienced youngster working his way back to fitness, the Black Cats do not really have any proper wingers. Even Khazri is a No 10 who can do a job on the flanks, rather than a natural line-hugger.
Moyes: Any Sunderland signings this month are unlikely to make a 'big difference'
Fabio Borini and Adnan Januzaj are players who like to drift in off the flanks to cause trouble, and when Victor Anichebe has been stationed out there, it was with a brief to get as close as he could to Jermain Defoe whenever the pattern of play allowed.
So any wingerless formation is a tick in the box for the Wearsiders.
How Sunderland could line up: 3-4-1-2
How Sunderland could line up: 4-3-3
Three at the back also makes it possible to field two up front without leaving the midfield exposed. Anichebe, Borini and Januzaj would be more comfortable with that.
Wahbi Khazri stars in Tunisia win: Does he deserve another chance at Sunderland?
In John O'Shea, Papy Djilobodji and Jason Denayer, Sunderland at least have three central defenders, which needs to be a big consideration whenever Moyes sits down to pick a team at the moment. Right-back Billy Jones and central midfielder Jack Rodwell are also capable of filling in there until Lamine Kone gets back from the African Cup of Nations.
Denayer has looked good as a central midfielder but the home-and-away Cup games against Burnley allowed him to show he can do a job in what he believes is his best position too. Like Eric Dier at Spurs, the Belgian can generally be relied upon as part of a back four, three, or a holder in front of a four.
The question will be whether three is too many at times. Most Premier League teams play one up front at the moment and when they do, three to look after him seems a bit excessive, and sucks another player out of the engine room.
Which formation should Sunderland use at West Brom?
The beauty for Chelsea is that Luiz can happily step into the midfield of the pitch and start attacks from there. It does not come naturally to Sunderland's centre-backs.
Sunderland need to score more goals this season, and anything which frees up van Aanholt will help. Taking another player out of the equation when they push forward will be they handy.
The Black Cats, though, have problems at both ends, and an extra man to protect Vito Mannone would be no bad thing with his up-and-down form since returning from injury.
Three at the back is a good option for Moyes, but he might be best to continue picking and choosing when he uses it.
Sunderland transfers: Moyes quashes Boudebouz talk, but is confident of adding new faces


"My soul is spiraling in frozen fractals all around."
Welcome to Finland. I feel better already !
A few years ago, EVERY little kid was singing that song (boy's too). I think adults became permanently tired of it. I did, anyway.
Let go of the fuses, don't let go of other ways to prevent or deter cloning and software theft.
That'll be a necessity for secured XIP in insecure locations.
There are no other ways, absent user-writable NV bits on-chip. But, yes, forget security, and forge ahead!
Um, why are there more replies here? Fuses are gone, code protection is outside of the P2 now, so there is absolutely no reason to keep trying to put some insecure attempt back in.
Thanks, Roy. I can't, for the life of me, understand why this thread still has legs.
Do you guys view this as a distraction to Chip, so you are trying to protect him? Or believe that it's damaging to Parallax in some other way? If so, perhaps writing directly to Chip and Ken would be the way to go?
Do you guys view this as a distraction to Chip, so you are trying to protect him? Or believe that it's damaging to Parallax in some other way?
Neither. It's a steadfast assuredness, based upon amateur cryptography's record of zero success, that this thread is both spurious and a total waste of time and resources.
If someone here had a Ph.D. in number theory and combinatorics, plus twenty years' experience in applied cryptographic security, and had some ideas to consider, they'd be worth listening to. But that will never happen, given the stated system constraints (i.e no writable NV bits).
OK... the title is..."A new way of code protection" by Chip Gracey.
Chip didn't name it: "Let's just forget security issues."
Let's accept that there is no perfect security. Let's also accept that there is a potential market for anything that tends to make code theft more difficult. Let's also admit that anything developed for the P2 might have general applications for other mcu's.
None of that says to me that this discussion is off track or spurious.
It might be a waste of time, but only if a reader is interested in the topic but doesn't learn anything from the thread.
that doesn't prove or really even suggest that it is impossible.
When we were developing medical software, we used a dongle.
No-one ever stole a line of code, but I doubt that anyone really tried. Small market, everyone knows everyone. If they couldn't buy you or bribe you, they really didn't proceed. When we were doing more interesting work, the Government stole my lead programmer. Nothing you can do about it... if it is really valuable, and you aren't a fairly large company... sell out and find a new project.
Adding a few layers of security will deter a lot of theft. Working in areas where there is a tiny market will deter theft too.
Phil is right... it looks like any external encryption can be broken, but that doesn't mean it is a waste of time to talk about it.
Adding a few layers of security will deter a lot of theft.
If I believed that were true, I would not be so adamant about exposing the frivolity of attempts to do so.
The fact is that Parallax must either sell a system that's truly secure or disavow any possibility that it can be made secure. There is no middle ground. If they tried to claim even a modicum of security when it cannot be guaranteed, they expose themselves to liability when such security is compromised. And it will be.
This isn't like some small town wherein the locks on peoples' doors can be breached with a #10 sheet metal screw and a claw hammer (e.g. Kwikset locks).
But it's still a deterrent, right?
By designing and marketing a new microcontroller, Parallax will be diving head-first into a world that doesn't suffer half-solutions. When you enter the water, you enter the food chain. And it ain't pretty: there be sharks about.
I stand by my comments. There is nothing short of writable NV memory on-chip that will provide Parallax any standing to make a claim of program security to its customers. But the P2 will not have that kind of memory, and that's okay.
"Keeping the attackers busy" is a pipe dream. I think you'd be shocked how quickly such a system could be breached, given a dedicated attack. There are people who will see it as a challenge to crack, just for fun. And they will succeed.
I hope you're not stressing over code security, as the P2 will still have plenty of market appeal without it. It's time to put security concerns behind you and move on. Please.
Okay. I'll let it go.
I once had a few consecutive days when I was 17 years old, where I was certain that I had found a way to reliably compress 24 bits into 20 bits. I had visions of running that thing like an infinite compactor, so that I'd be able to make a small file that could decompress into every game my ISEPIC had cracked on the Commodore 64. That was so exhilarating! People told me it wouldn't work, but I knew better.
In the early 80s I designed and coded a board that used two single chip micros with internal uv eprom, and not much else. The tiny pcb replaced a huge board full of logic. The raw cost was small compared to the time that went into coding the software. So there was a big markup to cover the development costs. The micro I used was touted as secure although I was fairly sure that the manufacturer may have a way that they weren't releasing.
I sold them in the hundreds in Oz. they were attached to a mini computer.
On a visit from the parent company to Oz, the rep wanted to take one of our boards back home. The local guy we dealt with told the visitor that I used a micro that couldn't dump the code as he suspected that was what he wanted it for. After that info, the guy no longer wanted a unit.
A year later the parent company brought out a knock-off single chip micro. They didn't understand what my software did, so there were areas where their unit failed. So I continued to supply Oz, and then picked up NZ and the USA too.
If they had been able to dump my code it would have been easy to see what I did, and their device would have worked.
Some 30 years later, someone did find a way to work out the code loaded in the micro.
I have also used other methods to obfuscate code in some of my other designs.
There are so many stories out there of ip theft. Some of the biggest companies are not immune from deliberately stealing ip and when found out embarked on legal tactics to prevent paying up. Compression in MSDOS 6 rings a bell.
Unfortunately the anticipated use of P2 is in small volumes with large margins, which are precisely the targets for ip theft.
Once a upon a time I understood that transistor are current amplifiers so I bought a bunch of power transistors (AD..) to get rid of the electrolytics in my powersupply. ..
There is off-chip battery-backed RAM available. With that, you could store a decryption key in the battery ram, and put a tripwire in your manufacturing box that kills the battery when you open the box. I've seen that before in "high security" applications. That has no requirements on the prop at all.
Time to add the Forth interpreter!
All smilies aside, that would be super cool! But is there time?
Yes! Get Peter to write it for you.
> Prop_Txt 0 0 0 0 fkjhsdfkjlshdfkas897sdf987asdf978asdf987sdf987sdf ...etc.
So could a monitor. Or a whole IDE.
That would be very cool if Peter is willing. Definitely looks like there's room for it!


As if to literally denote it was scaling new heights, this year's VES Summit was once again held at the W Hotel in Hollywood, but this time, on the roof. Or rather, in the lounge area on the top floor, just adjacent to the rooftop pool. The two groups – those immersed in water and lotion, and those immersed in discourse about immersive experiences – finally joined at sunset, as the Visual Effects Society sponsored a round of cocktails.
From breakfast to sunset, though, it was quite an intriguing day, as much for the actual content offered as for the thematic divergences from Summits past. Format-wise, VES stuck to a version of its recent scheduling, kicking off the day with a roundtable – small discussion groups that people pick for a morning and afternoon session each. But the number of such roundtables was scaled back in favor of more group panels and talks, and there you could sense the VES taking on new themes, perhaps expanding the very notion of what a visual effect is, and what its expanding role in 21st century storytelling might be.
One such programming surprise came in the first roundtable, led by Eric Bergez, VP of Swedish-based Intuitive Aerial, maker of industrial-strength drones. And yet drones would seem to be consigned to the realm of special effects – physical/mechanical ways of "getting the shot," especially in circumstances where helicopters won't work. But not so fast: Increasingly, they can be used – new regulations about operating them notwithstanding – for getting photographic plates making a wider range of visual effects work possible.
That was a conceit that led nicely to the morning's first speaker, Dean Devlin, whose presence on a VES stage made complete sense, as he went over his own FX-laden career, wearing various producer, writer and director hats, from Stargate and Independence Day, to the genre TV show The Librarians, the upcoming Geostorm, and of course, the sequel to Independence Day.
He talked about how much better fractal work had gotten over the years, allowing CG to take over for things that had previously been done practically, especially involving fire or water. And now that filmmakers don't have to "limit their imaginations," the possibilities might be endless.
Even a TV show like The Librarians now boasts at least "a hundred effects shots per episode," Devlin recounted.
The hunt for immersive experiences kept cropping up throughout the day's talks and panels. At the VR panel that followed after lunch, Mark Bolas, a director at the Mixed Reality Lab, and an assistant film professor at USC said we are on the cusp of "quantum transition," and soon to experience seamless differences between our virtual work and play worlds. At the Games Storytelling roundtable lead by Naughty Dog's Josh Scherr, the degree of "player agency" in the face of the overarching narrative was discussed.
Afterwards, Devlin talked about a recent conversation he'd had with Netflix executives. In it, they mentioned their metrics were now showing that more viewers were opting for installments of one-hour shows, rather than two-hour movies. But, if the one hour was to their liking, they'd then watch another hour. People are hungry for "immersion," and binge watching is another way to get it. But they also want to make sure they're going to like it.
At first jokingly citing Groucho Marx about not wanting to be part of any club that would have him for a member, Okun talked about visual effects artists being "charged with creating the dream that creates the future," though he had some good anecdotes about the practicalities involved in such dreaming.
Okun said that since he was no longer on the VES board, he was a lot freer to recount such Hollywood tales out loud.
Ultimately, though, the whole enterprise is about creating "empathy via story," he said, and that may have really been the grail this unusually heterodox day was chasing after. Whether it was a panel on storytelling on new platforms, a brief introduction to "Meccanoid" customize-it-yourself robots for young makers, or William Morris Endeavor story editor Christopher Lockhart, there to talk about what makes a story work, and making one of the few references to Aristotle's Poetics heard outside a screenwriters gathering. Lockhart noted that really, only the "delivery system for stories" has changed, not what makes them tick.
So here we are, a few millennia after the campfire "delivery system" has yielded to the Internet stream, and at the end of the day, Okun was recalling his apprenticeship with legendary Hollywood designer Saul Bass.
Bass was also directing then, and had spent the better part of a weekend splicing two different scenes together, one in front of the other, then back again. Frustrated, a young Okun said there were only two possible combinations there. Why was it taking so long?
Bass looked back at him and admonished that this wasn't a mere edit. "I'm looking for the infinity of the universe," he said.
Okun said he'd taken that search for the evanescent and transcendent with him in all his later work.


Missing or empty url ( help ) staff, Variety. And he reminded me very much of Holden Caulfield. "Inside, his spirit is intact" (Lomazoff). His personal life, too, began to suffer. Like Holden, Salinger was perceptive, quick-witted and intelligent.
the search for and use of pure sound as notions for metal and dark ambient composition. The drum sound meshes perfectly with the guitar tone never taking the lead but pushing the music forward. Gradus ad Phlegethon the sole purpose of which is not simply to study or theorize, but rather construct a viable method of transmitting the compositional techniques of death and black metal. Deep down below all surface traits we find a band that seeks to communicate these narratives in the same way that prime Voivod did but through the Death metal maze structure. Very rarely do we see works of art crafted within this genre that can be compared on equal footing to the greats of the past in creating their own unique voice. Each instrument occupies a tremendous amount of space in the mix yet everything can be found at any moment during any track. Grey with Black Marble Vinyl is limited to 85 copies. Light and Astronauts, etc. Ectovoid have impressed us with their second opus, and here at DMU we await to hear more from them and how they can continue to expand their style from.
But we know that it shall bring together concrete musical practices, basic contrapuntal and motif-writing techniques, as well as techniques aimed at directing the mind to appropriate states. If you like Ectovoid, you may also like: Bandcamp Daily your guide to the world of Bandcamp. The album, though obviously recorded with the aid of digital equipment, forges its own character through particular production choices that seek to make the music audible but also to conviction to the themes of emptiness. Dark Abstraction towards new heights. The Rack (1991) seems to be the reference point for this compositional style especially during the slow parts where the power chords or the single notes are well emphasized on the upbeats sounding assertive and powerful where American bands like Incantation would make their slower.
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Toni Collette as Fiona, "Ms. Granola Suicide," in movie About A Boy (2002), screen shot, June 18, 2014. (http://hotmovies.com via Universal). Qualifies as fair use – low resolution picture is personification of topic (self-righteous liberal).
More and more, I've tired of folks who proclaim that because they've finally "seen the light" on a particular niche or chic liberal issue, that their view is not only the right and only one. Anyone who doesn't fall in line with their perspective is the enemy, a sap in support of the destructive forces of capitalism, a person whose individual actions will destroy the world.
Brazil was and still is a leader in Global South economic development, with massive inequalities to boot. After two and a half centuries of virtually unchecked economic and industrial growth at the expense of the environment, though, where did we as Americans have the right to tell people in other countries to slow or halt their economic development? After exploiting the riches, resources and peoples of the world, where did these do-gooders get off telling other countries that they 'd have to find a slower way to deal with poverty, or to not exploit their own resources?
An aerial picture of an area of the Amazon Rainforest, Brazil, September 9, 2009. (Felipe Menegaz via Wikipedia). Released to public domain via CC-SA-3.0/GNU.
I would get into the occasional argument about this very White, very un-liberal liberal way of thinking. One where we'd get to keep our modern development while countries like Brazil were supposed to languish in the Third World box we and Europe built for them. Of course, the do-gooders would argue back at me, telling me that I wanted to destroy the environment and make the air unhealthy for our future kids and grandkids to breathe. As far as they were concerned, keeping the Global South poor and exploitable was our only chance at beating back global warming and species destruction.
It's not any different today with issues like food justice, gun control and safety, and drug policy (and for some, religion). I have a Facebook friend who has become more belligerent about promoting veganism and condemning us so-called meat-eaters (technically, humans are omnivores) over the past half-decade. The issue for him couldn't just be about agribusinesses and their gross abuse of the land, of crops and of domesticated animals, their control and degradation of much of the world's food supply. No, it's about individuals making choices that empower these massive corporations instead of going to an organic farm or farmers market or choosing to turn away from all animal proteins for the sake of their bodies or to curtail climate change.
I have no problems with vegans or veganism (I've tried it myself on occasion) or with fighting Archer Daniels Midland, Monsanto and ConAgra. I do have a problem with the myopic thinking that people like my Facebook friend have in attacking individuals. It's such a '70s liberal way of confronting a huge issue. Not to mention a very White and elitist perspective. Fact is, a truly healthy and well-rounded vegan diet is an expensive one, as the federal government doesn't subsidize vegan products like it does agribusiness. In a nation like the US, with a shrinking middle class and growing inequality, to expect every individual to stop shopping at Walmart and eating Big Macs in exchange for the organic farm and lentils is arrogant and wholly unrealistic.
There's no way I'd tell my Facebook friend all this. I'd get argued down as if I were attempting to spread a superflu across the planet. And it wouldn't be a rational argument either. But then again, it's okay for White liberals to be irrational in their arguments, especially when it's in defense of the planet!
ConAgra Foods logo, June 18, 2014. (http://innovate.unl.edu/).
There's also irony around gun control and safety and drug policy. When it's so-called Black-on-Black crime, or a drive-by in New York or Chicago, those meet White liberal expectations. When it's Columbine or Newtown or Santa Barbara, involving White-on-White crime, then it becomes time for more mental health screenings and more gun control. When heroin and crack cocaine found their way into poor Black and Latino communities in the '70s and '80s, we needed tougher drug laws to lock away "the animals" and "thugs." Now that crystal meth and heroin have made their ways into White-middle-class suburbia, it's now time to decriminalize some drug possessions and legalize marijuana. But no contradictions there!
A big part of the problem with everyday White liberalism is the idea that individuals and their individual decisions will add up to a groundswell of societal change. Yet how can you change the world if you're not willing to sacrifice the structures that exploit others who aren't White and middle class, who don't live in America or in some suburban cul-de-sac? But go ahead, keep on keeping on with your non-GMO, organic vegan tuna salads made of soybeans and carrots while yelling at the rest of us impoverished shlubs to get with the program!