text:
Origin of Superman
The abbreviated origin of Superman as featured in All-Star Superman #1 (January 2006) by Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely.
The origin of Superman is the story that relates Superman's arrival on Earth and the beginnings of his career as a superhero. The story has been through many revisions through decades of publication in comic books and radio, television and film adaptations.
The original story was written by Jerome "Jerry" Siegel and illustrated by Joseph "Joe" Shuster, and it was published as a part of the character's first appearance in Action Comics #1 (June 1938). As more stories were published, more details about the original story were established. These stories explored individual details, such as the planet Krypton, the source of Superman's powers and his relationship with supporting characters. Because continuity was looser during the Golden Age and the Silver Age, many of these stories would contradict each other.
As Superman was adapted into other media, his origin story has been frequently retold. These origin stories adhere to the basic framework created by Siegel and Shuster, with minor variations made to serve the plot or to appeal to contemporary audiences. Some of the details created for these adaptations would later influence the origin story in the mainstream comic series.
In more recent years, the origin story has been revamped in the comic books several times. In 1985, DC Comics published Crisis on Infinite Earths, which created the opportunity to definitively revise the history of the DC Universe. Superman's origin was subsequently retold in the 1986 The Man of Steel limited series written and drawn by John Byrne. The story would later be removed from continuity and replaced with the Superman: Birthright limited series in 2003 and 2004, written by Mark Waid and drawn by Leinil Francis Yu, as Superman's official origin. After the Infinite Crisis limited series in 2005 and 2006, Superman's origin was revised yet again, unfolding throughout Superman's regular publications and the Superman: Secret Origin mini-series in 2009 and 2010.
1 Basic story
1.1 Common variations
2 Publication history
2.1 Pre-Crisis
2.1.1 Golden Age
2.1.2 Silver Age
2.1.3 Bronze Age
2.2 Post-Crisis
2.2.1 The Man of Steel
2.2.2 Superman: Birthright
2.2.3 Superman: Secret Origin
3.1 Parallel Earths
3.2 Elseworlds
4.1 Radio
4.2 Superman 1940s cartoons
4.3 Superman film serial
4.4 Adventures of Superman
4.5 Superman: The Movie
4.6 Lois & Clark
4.7 Superman: The Animated Series
4.8 Smallville
4.9 Superman Returns
4.10 Man of Steel
Basic story
This basic origin is the one with which most people are familiar. While the individual details vary, certain key elements have remained consistent in almost all retellings.
Superman is born Kal-El on the alien planet Krypton. His parents, Jor-El and Lara become aware of Krypton's impending destruction and Jor-El begins constructing a spacecraft that would carry Kal-El to Earth. During Krypton's last moments, Jor-El places young Kal-El in the spacecraft and launches it. Jor-El and Lara die as the spacecraft barely escapes Krypton's fate. The explosion transforms planetary debris into kryptonite, a radioactive substance that is lethal to superpowered (as by Earth's yellow sun) Kryptonians.
The spacecraft lands in the rural United States, where it is found by a passing motorist. Jonathan and Martha Kent adopt Kal-El and name him Clark Kent. As Clark grows up on Earth, he and his adoptive parents discover that he has superhuman powers. The Kents teach Clark to use these powers responsibly to help others and fight crime.
Clark keeps his powers secret in order to protect his family and friends, who might be endangered by his criminal enemies. In order to use his powers to help humanity, Clark creates the alter ego of Superman. A number of elements are added to each identity to keep them distinct enough to prevent the casual observer from matching them. Superman wears a characteristic red and blue costume with a letter "S" emblem and a cape. Clark Kent takes to wearing glasses, styling his hair differently, changing his body language, significantly altering his voice, and wearing looser clothing and suits that hide his physique.
Clark Kent moves to Metropolis and takes a job as a reporter at the Daily Planet, where he meets his friends and co-workers, Lois Lane, Jimmy Olsen and Editor Perry White. Superman becomes the subject of frequent headline stories written by Lois, and the two become romantically attracted to each other.
Common variations
Superman's public debut has differed throughout decades of publication. Originally, he first donned the costume and began fighting crime as an adult.[1] Later, he was shown to have begun his heroic career as Superboy,[2] changing his name to Superman after he grew up. The character's history as Superboy was retroactively erased from continuity in the The Man of Steel retelling of the origin.[3] In current continuity, Clark used his powers to aid others while still a youth,[4] operating as "a rarely-glimpsed American myth - the mysterious 'Super-Boy'".[5]
Superman's origin was influenced by the science fiction stories appearing in pulp magazines that Siegel and Shuster were fond of and by a variety of social and religious themes.
Siegel and Shuster created three different characters named Superman. The first was a villain with telepathic powers, published in the short story "The Reign of the Super-Man." The second version, which was unpublished, was a crime fighter without any superhuman abilities, which Siegel and Shuster compare to another of their creations, Slam Bradley.[6] They felt that a virtuous character originating from Earth to possess superhuman powers would make the character and stories seem less serious, inviting comparisons to humorous strongmen like Popeye. So they decided to make the third version a visitor from another planet.[7]
Siegel has cited the John Carter of Mars stories by Edgar Rice Burroughs as an influence on the source of Superman's strength and leaping ability being the lesser gravity of a smaller planet.[6] Jack Williamson once remarked that Superman's origin had strong similarities to a story he had written and published early in his career, where a Martian scientist sent his infant daughter into space to save her from their planet's destruction.[8]
Superman carries some similarities to Hugo Danner, the main character in the novel Gladiator by Philip Wylie. Danner's great strength comes from a serum injected into him by his father while still a fetus which gave him the proportional strength of an insect.[9] The scientific explanation for the source of Superman's powers published in Action Comics #1 also compared Superman's great strength to an ant's ability to carry hundreds of times its own weight and a grasshopper's ability to leap great distances.[1] Wylie would later threaten to sue National Comics for plagiarism. Siegel would sign an affidavit that claimed Superman was not influenced by Gladiator, though he had reviewed the novel for his fanzine Science Fiction in 1932.[10]
Because Siegel and Shuster were both Jewish, some religious commentators and pop-culture scholars such as Rabbi Simcha Weinstein and British novelist Howard Jacobson suggest that Superman's creation was partly influenced by Moses[11][12] and other Jewish elements. However, Siegel and Shuster claim that having Superman drop out of the sky just seemed like a good idea.[6]
Pre-Crisis
Superman's origin took more than twenty years to unfold into the narrative we are familiar with today. During the Golden Age of Comics (1935-1953), Krypton and the Kents were almost incidental, seldom being referred to in the comic book stories. The Superman mythology expanded during the Silver Age of Comics (1953-1970) and was refined during the Bronze Age (1970-1986).[13]
Siegel created, and Shuster designed, the character Superman in 1934 and intended to sell the character as a daily newspaper comic strip. They told Superman's origin over the course of twelve strips, ten of which detailed the planet Krypton.[6]
Action Comics #1 (June 1938), the debut of Superman. Cover art by Joe Shuster.
In 1938, DC Comics published Superman's debut in Action Comics #1, Siegel and Shuster were required to cut the story down to thirteen pages, and so the origin story was reduced to a single page. The story described a scientist on an unnamed doomed planet placing his infant son into a hastily designed spaceship and launching it toward Earth. When the spaceship lands, a passing motorist finds it and turns the child over to a local orphanage, where the staff is astounded by the child's feats of strength. As the child matures, he discovers more of his abilities and decides to use them for the benefit of mankind as Superman. The last panel of this origin is captioned "A Scientific Explanation of Clark Kent's Amazing Strength," explaining he "had come from a planet whose inhabitants' physical structure was millions of years advanced of our own." Kent's strength is then compared with ants' and grasshoppers' abilities to lift many times their body weight and leap great distances.[1]
Starting on January 16, 1939, Siegel's original stories and Shuster's original art work appeared in a daily newspaper comic strip through the McClure Syndicate. The first days of the Superman daily newspaper strip retold the origin in greater detail, focusing on his departure from Krypton. In this retelling, the planet Krypton and Superman's biological parents, Jor-L and Lara, are called by name for the first time.[6]
The first issue of Superman, published in 1939, also featured the origin story. Max Gaines had written to Siegel and Shuster and asked them to expand the origin sequence to two pages, and to include four pages that detailed how Clark Kent became a journalist as well as a full page feature that expanded on the scientific explanation for Superman's powers.[6] In this issue, the passing motorists are revealed to be the Kents, who leave him at the local orphan asylum but later return to adopt him. The Kents teach Clark that he must keep his powers a secret but that he will someday use them to assist humanity. Clark becomes Superman after the Kents pass away and wins his job as a reporter for the Daily Star by delivering information he had gathered as Superman about a lynch mob at the county jail.[14] The feature on Superman's powers asserts again that Kryptonians had evolved to physical perfection, but also reveals that because Earth is a smaller planet than Krypton, the lighter gravitational pull further enhanced Superman's strength.[15]
In 1945, More Fun Comics #101 introduced the concept of Superboy, establishing that Superman began his superhero career as a child. This issue shows Krypton in much greater detail than before, as a scientifically advanced world. Kryptonians do not appear to possess superhuman strength on Krypton but are aware that a Kryptonian on Earth would. In this story, Superman's biological parents are named Jor-El and Lara. Jor-El attempts to convince the Supreme Council that their world is doomed and that they must take action. The Council scoffs at Jor-El's warnings, so he returns home to save his family, if nobody else. But Jor-El is only able to save his son.[2]
For the tenth anniversary in 1948 of Superman's debut, Superman #53 retold the origin story, compiling and expanding upon previous versions, though the story does not acknowledge the adventures of Superboy. This story establishes the Kents as farmers and that "Clark" is a family name. Before Clark's adopted father dies, he tells Clark that he must use his powers to become a force for good. Clark's father calls Clark a "Super-Man," inspiring Clark to use the name.[16] Superman discovered his alien origins for the first time in Superman #61.[17] Action Comics #158 retold the origin again, this time acknowledging the adventures of Superboy.[18]
After Mort Weisinger took over as editor of the Superboy comics in 1953, the mythology of Superman began growing, starting with the introduction of Superboy's pet superdog Krypto, the first survivor of Krypton in comics other than Kal-El himself.[19] When Weisinger became editor of the entire Superman line in 1958, the Superman mythology began expanding even more rapidly.[20] Producing over a hundred Superman stories a year, Weisinger aimed to introduce a new element to the character's mythology every six months.[21] By this time, the basic elements of Superman's origin were in place, and Weisinger capitalized on it. Weisinger and his writers gave Superman history and family and constructed a world for readers to explore.[6]
Through flashbacks, imaginary stories and time travel, Superman comics in the Silver Age examined the implicit themes of Superman's origin as an orphan from another planet,[6] while also providing explanations for many key story elements. In 1961, Superman #146 told the most complete version of the origin story to date, this time inserting references to other elements of the expanding Superman mythos, including Jor-El's warning to his brother Zor-El, father of Supergirl, about Krypton's fate and Krypto the Superdog's launch into space.[22]
The stories published under Weisinger would remain the basis for Superman's origin throughout the Bronze Age.[13] But by the time Julius Schwartz took over as the editor of the Superman in 1970, continuity had strayed from the broader outline established in the 1960s.[23] Schwartz relied on writer E. Nelson Bridwell, an expert in the fine details of the Superman mythology, to help refine the character's history.[13] Bridwell explained to readers that many stories were no longer in continuity because they contradicted others, stating that, "It was decided that the only thing to do was to throw out part of the tales and work the rest into a consistent whole".[24] Superman's origin was retold during this time in The Amazing World of Superman (Metropolis Edition), which adhered to the origin previously established in the Silver Age.[25]
Jor-El's life,[26] the destruction of Krypton,[27] and the launch of the rocket that carried Kal-El to Earth,[28] are documented in the The World of Krypton (vol. 1) limited series. Superman: The Secret Years tells the story of Clark Kent's college career in which Superboy leaves Smallville to attend college,[29] and copes with problems that force his outlook to mature,[30][31] ending with Superboy changing his heroic identity to Superman after defeating Lex Luthor's plot to destroy the world.[32]
Post-Crisis
In the 1980s, editors at DC Comics felt that its characters and their history had become convoluted and confusing to casual readers.[33] In 1985, DC published Crisis on Infinite Earths, which rewrote the history of the DC Universe.[34] DC had been planning to revamp Superman for some time,[35] and Crisis gave the company the freedom to reset the character from the very beginning.[36]
The Man of Steel
Main article: The Man of Steel (comics)
In 1986, DC Comics hired writer and artist John Byrne, who had gained a reputation for re-energizing several Marvel Comics series,[6] to write the relaunched Superman series and Action Comics. In addition to Byrne, managing editor and inker Dick Giordano, writer Marv Wolfman, artist Jerry Ordway and editor Andy Helfer recreated the Superman mythology from the ground up to appeal to modern audiences.[37] This revamped origin was published in the six issue The Man of Steel limited series, written and pencilled by Byrne and inked by Giordano.
The Man of Steel opened on Krypton, vastly different from the planet developed in the Weisinger era, just before its destruction. Byrne felt that Krypton had been "'stuck' in a 1930s Buck Rogers-like art style for decades" and Giordano and publisher Jenette Kahn agreed that he should redesign it.[35] The people of Krypton were portrayed as living in a cold and heartless society. Though they were masters of science, they had repressed their emotions and passion for life.[38] Superman learned of his alien heritage several years into his heroic career, but marginalized it in favor of his upbringing on Earth.[39]
Byrne's goal was to "pare away some of the barnacles that have attached themselves to the company's flagship title",[40] and take Superman back to the basics. In this new continuity, the character was re-established as the last survivor of Krypton's destruction.[35]
Man of Steel also illustrated significant events in Superman's relationships, such as his first interview with Lois Lane[41] and his first encounter with Gotham City's Batman.[42] Lex Luthor was reinvented by Wolfman[43] and portrayed as a corrupt business tycoon who hated Superman for exposing his unethical business practices.[44] Superman's adoptive parents lived into his adulthood, providing hooks that Byrne felt made the character more human.[35]
Superman: Birthright
Main article: Superman: Birthright
In 2002, DC Comics Executive Editor Dan DiDio asked writer Mark Waid to reimagine Superman's origin, making the character relevant for the 21st century. After taking the assignment, Waid's goal was to present a definitive volume on Superman's origin that was familiar to long time fans as well as casual readers who were more familiar with Superman through television and film adaptations than through comics.[45] Starting in 2003, the new origin story was published in the twelve issue Superman: Birthright limited series, written by Waid and drawn by Leinil Francis Yu.
During the early issues of the series, it was unclear if the story was intended to be the new origin of the mainstream Superman or the beginnings of a new universe, similar to Marvel's Ultimate line.[46] DC later confirmed that Birthright was the new official origin of Superman, and it was embedded into the Superman fiction in Superman (vol. 2) #200.[47]
Krypton was redesigned again in Birthright, portrayed as a society that used its advanced science and technology to make its planet into a paradise.[48] Clark Kent respected his alien heritage and designed his Superman costume based on images of Kryptonian culture that were sent along with him in his spacecraft to Earth.[49]
Birthright establishes that Lex Luthor grew up in Smallville and was good friends with Clark Kent.[50] Inspired by the television series Smallville, Clark Kent's parents were portrayed as being similar to their television counterparts, John Schneider and Annette O'Toole.[46]
Superman: Secret Origin
Main article: Superman: Secret Origin
Following the events of the Infinite Crisis limited series, DC Universe continuity was revamped in a way that both kept and altered previous elements in canon, and Superman's origin was no exception. The first revelations of this revised origin came only in bits and pieces. In Action Comics Annual #10 (2007), Krypton is shown to have characteristics that resemble the version that appears in the Richard Donner Superman films. In Action Comics #850, a more complete recap was presented: Krypto appears on Krypton, Jor-El's frustrations with the Council, Clark's awareness about being adopted during grade school, a friendship with Lex Luthor when they are both teenagers, Clark wearing glasses in his teens, using his powers to help people while not in costume, and showing Lois Lane trying to secure interviews with Superman and being friends with Clark. Finally, the Geoff Johns/Gary Frank Superman and the Legion of Super-Heroes arc revealed that Clark's membership in the Legion of Super Heroes when he is a teenager is now back in canon.[citation needed]
A complete tale of Superman's new origin was told in the Superman: Secret Origin limited series written by Geoff Johns and drawn by Gary Frank. Described as the "definitive" telling of the origin story of Superman, it features his life in Smallville, his first adventures with the Legion of Super-Heroes as Superboy, and his arrival in Metropolis all told from Clark Kent's point of view.[51]
Main article: Alternative versions of Superman
In the DC Comics Multiverse, there are several versions of Superman originating from different parallel Earths. Most of these counterparts have subtle differences in their origins. Alterations to Superman's origin are also frequently used as the premises for Elseworlds and imaginary stories published by DC Comics.
Parallel Earths
Kal-L is the Superman of the pre-Crisis Earth-Two. His origin adheres to the basic origin, but he arrives on Earth early in the twentieth century and becomes active as a superhero in 1938. On his version of Krypton, all Kryptonians had superhuman abilities on their home planet due to the planet's greater gravitational pull. Kal-L never had a career as Superboy. The origin stories that appeared in Action Comics #1 and Superman #1 are attributed to Kal-L.[52]
Superboy-Prime comes from the pre-Crisis Earth-Prime. On this Earth, Kal-El is teleported to Earth moments before the planet Krypton is destroyed when its sun went supernova.[53] Because Earth-Prime's Krypton was consumed by its sun, Kryptonite never comes into existence in this universe.
In Superman: Red Son, Superman's ship was launched by descendants of Lex Luthor and Lois Luthor in Earth's far future. The ship, travelling backward through time, lands on a Ukrainian collective farm rather than in Kansas. Instead of fighting for "... truth, justice, and the American Way," Superman is described in Soviet propaganda broadcasts "... as the Champion of the common worker who fights a never-ending battle for Stalin, socialism, and the international expansion of the Warsaw Pact."
In Superman: Speeding Bullets, Kal-El is found by Thomas and Martha Wayne, who decide to adopt the baby and name him Bruce. After Thomas and Martha are gunned down by a mugger, Bruce reacts by burning the mugger with his heat vision and discovers his superpowers. Years later, he decides to create a secret identity for himself as the Batman and starts to brutally strike back at the criminals in Gotham City.
In JLA: The Nail, the Kents do not discover the spacecraft because their truck's tire was punctured by a nail. Kal-El is found and adopted by an Amish family and does not become Superman until much later.
In the Tangent Comics reality, Superman's origin is completely different as an ordinary man finds himself evolving into something millions of years beyond human.
Superman: True Brit is a humorous re-imagining of Superman in which the ship crashes in England.
In Superman: Secret Identity, a teenage boy named Clark Kent in the "real world," where Superman is nothing more than a comic book character, somehow develops super-human powers like those of his namesake. After a brief career as a mysterious, non-costumed "Superboy," Clark dons the fictional character's colors and continues to work in secret as "Superman".
Given Superman's cultural status as one of the most recognizable fictional characters ever created, he has been adapted into other forms numerous times. On first time outings, such as the premiere episode of a television series or a first feature film, the origin story is generally depicted.
Main article: The Adventures of Superman (radio)
His origin's first depiction outside of the source material was in the 1940 radio serial The Adventures of Superman. In this version, after being sent off in the rocket ship from Krypton, a kind of Counter Earth on the other side of the Sun, by his father while still an infant,[54] Superman matures during the flight and emerges full-grown as an adult when he lands on Earth. He is greeted by a man and a boy who give him the idea of disguising himself as Clark Kent, after which he looks for a job at the Daily Planet.[55]
Among other concepts and characters, the radio program introduced kryptonite into the Superman mythology. These fragments of radioactive debris from Superman's home planet were created to allow actor Bud Collyer the occasional time off from recording, as Superman would succumb to the baleful rays and be absent for some episodes.[6] Kryptonite would be incorporated into Superman's origin in the comics in Superman #61, published in 1949.[17]
Superman 1940s cartoons
Main article: Superman (1940s cartoons)
Fleischer Studios presented the origin in the first of the Superman animated cartoons. Titled simply "Superman," (also referred to as "The Mad Scientist"), the animated short begins with a brief prologue that introduces Krypton as an advanced civilization that had brought forth a race of supermen, whose mental and physical powers were developed to the absolute peak of human perfection. When giant quakes threaten to destroy Krypton forever, one of the planet's leading scientists places his infant son in a rocket bound for Earth. A passing motorist finds the uninjured child and takes it to the local orphanage. As the child grows to maturity, he discovers his powers and eventually takes the identity of Clark Kent. Jor-El is not mentioned by name in this first cartoon and the Clark's adoptive parents are not mentioned at all.
The Fleischer cartoons were responsible for Superman being able to fly. When they started work on the series, Superman could only leap from place to place. But they deemed it as "silly looking" after seeing it animated and decided to have him fly instead.
Superman film serial
Main article: Superman (serial)
The first chapter of the 1948 Superman film serial, titled "Superman Comes to Earth," depicts Superman's origin in detail.[56] In this version, Krypton is a rugged planet that is home to an advanced civilization of super men and women. As Krypton experiences a series of natural disasters, such as volcanic eruptions and tidal waves, Jor-El calls an emergency session of the governing council to warn them of the planet's impending fate. Jor-El explains that Krypton is being pulled into the sun, which will lead to the planet's destruction in short period of time, and urges the council to sponsor the construction of a fleet of spacecraft to carry the population of Krypton to Earth. The council votes against Jor-El's proposal, even as the tremors shake their session and grow in frequency. Jor-El returns home where he and his wife Lara send their infant son Kal-El to Earth in a model spacecraft that was intended to test the proposed larger spacecraft.
On Earth, Eben and Sarah Kent find Kal-El in the spacecraft and pull him from it before it explodes. The Kents decide to raise him as their own and name him Clark. Clark is shown learning about his abilities as he grows up, displaying great strength and speed, x-ray vision, super hearing and super durability. Once Clark is an adult, Eben explains how he and Sarah found him and that Clark has a responsibility to use his powers wisely and justly in the interest of truth, tolerance and justice. They agree that the world needs him and that he must leave their farm and go where he is needed. Clark states that he will pursue a job that will keep him close to world events, so he can be aware of emergencies immediately. Sarah gives Clark a uniform made from the blankets they found him in and he decides to take on the secret identity Superman. The Kents die shortly after this conversation and Clark moves to Metropolis.
In later chapters, Clark applies for a job at the Daily Planet,[57] and is hired after delivering a story on a mining accident from which Superman rescues Lois Lane.[58]
Main article: Adventures of Superman (TV series)
Jor-El and Lara send baby Kal-El to Earth in the first episode of Adventures of Superman.
The 1950s TV series Adventures of Superman explored Superman's origin in the first episode, titled "Superman on Earth."[59] The destruction of Krypton and Clark's upbringing by the Kents are largely identical to the version presented in the 1948 film serial. In this version, Clark decides to move to Metropolis after Eben dies. He is hired by the Daily Planet after getting an exclusive interview with a man rescued by Superman in his first public appearance.
Main article: Superman (film)
Jor-El and baby Kal-El.
The origin presented in Richard Donner's 1978 Superman film is considered to be the definitive origin story not only for Superman, but a template for origins stories in the super hero movie genre.[60] The film keeps the classic components intact, but explores more of Clark's boyhood in Smallville. Much of the film's groundwork is laid during the film's first sequences on the planet Krypton, with actor Marlon Brando portraying Superman's Kryptonian father, Jor-El. In this film, Jonathan Kent dies but Martha survives to see her adopted son become Superman.
Superman is divided into three basic sections, each with three distinct themes and visual styles. The first segment, set on Krypton, is meant to be typical of science fiction films, but also lays the groundwork for the Jesus Christ analogy that emerges in the relationship between Jor-El and Kal-El. The second segment, set in Smallville, is reminiscent of 1950s films, and its small-town atmosphere is meant to evoke a Norman Rockwell painting. The third (and largest) segment was an attempt to present the superhero story with as much realism as possible (what Donner called "verisimilitude"), relying on traditional cinematic drama and using only subtle humor instead of a campy approach.[61]
Main article: Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman
In the 1990s television series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, more inspiration was taken from Byrne's work on Man of Steel. Feeling it was a more relatable version of the story, the show's producers and main developer also kept around Superman's adoptive parents as regular cast members, giving the main protagonist people to confide in. The series pilot begins with Clark's arrival in Metropolis. Clark and his mother develop his uniform in a musical montage set against Bonnie Tyler's single "Holding Out for a Hero." Superman makes his public debut saving a space station mission from sabotage by Lex Luthor, who is initially portrayed in his corporate tycoon incarnation.
Clark's adoptive parents explain how they found him in a spacecraft in the second episode "Strange Visitor (From Another Planet)" and how they initially believed that he was part of an experiment when investigators ask them about debris from a Russian space station. Clark later learns that he is from Krypton after finding the spacecraft in the custody of the secret government agency Bureau 39. Clark questions why he was abandoned, but later learns of Krypton's destruction through a series of messages left for him by Jor-El in the episode "Foundling." The series explored more of the history and culture of Krypton in a story arc that spanned the final episodes of the third season and the first episodes of the fourth.
Superman: The Animated Series
Main article: Superman: The Animated Series
Superman: The Animated Series premiered with a three-part episode titled "The Last Son of Krypton." The series creators felt that focusing on the alien civilization of Krypton in the premiere episode would help differentiate the series from their earlier work Batman: The Animated Series.[62] They intended to mirror the structure of the origin presented in the 1978 film, but they felt that it would seem stale unless they added some new dimension to it.[63]
This version's major difference is Brainiac's role in Krypton's destruction. Brainiac is portrayed as the supercomputer that monitors Krypton and advises the planetary council on scientific matters. He senses the imminent destruction of the planet, but denies this fact so he can avoid the council's order to organize the planet's evacuation and instead focus on saving himself. Brainiac reasons that the loss of the planet itself and all its living inhabitants is part of the natural order, but his own survival would ensure the preservation of Krypton's history and achievements. Because he goes against Brainiac and the Kryptonian Council, Jor-El becomes an outlaw in their eyes as he works to save his son. After the destruction of Krypton and Kal-El's arrival on Earth, Brainiac eventually becomes an enemy of Superman.[64]
Main article: Smallville (TV series)
A slightly older Kal-El just out of his Kryptonian ship in the pilot episode of Smallville.
The television series Smallville is a reimagining of the Superman mythology, starting from Clark Kent's teenage years.[65] The series is named after Clark Kent's home town and focuses on the challenges he faces growing up in the rural midwest, while also discovering his super powers and the details of his alien origins.[66] The series creators and cast have specified that the series is about Clark Kent and not Superman,[67] and that the character will not appear in costume or fly in the series.[68]
The series begins with the arrival of Kal-El's spacecraft in Smallville during a massive meteor shower that would affect the rural town for years to come. Jonathan and Martha Kent find the child and adopt him with the help of Lionel Luthor. The Kents raise Clark and instruct him that he must not reveal his powers to anyone. Clark initially becomes friends with Lex Luthor, but Lex's obsession with learning Clark's secret drives them to become enemies.
Clark is aware of his super-speed, super-strength and invulnerability in the series pilot. In subsequent episodes and seasons, he discovers other abilities, including x-ray vision, heat vision, super hearing and super breath. Clark has demonstrated his ability to fly while under Jor-El's control, but does not know how to use this ability at will.
Details about the planet Krypton are revealed slowly over the course of the series.[69] Clark learns of the planet and his alien origins from Dr. Virgil Swann. He later discovers that Jor-El had programmed his memory and will into the spacecraft that carried Clark to Earth. Through Jor-El, Clark learns that Zod's ambition to conquer Krypton led to the planet's destruction.
Main article: Superman Returns
Director Bryan Singer felt that most people were familiar with Superman's origin[70] and wanted to make Superman Returns as a semi-sequel to Richard Donner's Superman, with the two films sharing the same origin story.[71] The movie opens with a very brief summary of the origin story that reads, "On the doomed planet Krypton, a wise scientist placed his infant son into a spacecraft and launched him to Earth. Raised by a kind farmer and his wife, the boy grew up to become our greatest protector...Superman." Otherwise, the film portrays only a few scenes related to Superman's origin. The destruction of Krypton is seen before the opening credits, Lex Luthor invades the Fortress of Solitude and views the recordings that Jor-El had sent to Earth with Kal-El, and Clark Kent discovers his ability to fly in a flashback.[72]
Superman Returns utilized footage of Marlon Brando as Jor-El, and nearly identical set design for Kryptonian structures as the 1978 film. Subtle similarities were also purposefully created, such as modeling the "new" Kent farmhouse after the "old" one, and having Eva Marie Saint's Martha Kent drive the same make and color of pickup truck as driven by the Kents in the original film. Certain scenes in the Kent farm also showed pictures of Brandon Routh's Clark Kent inserted into photos with Glenn Ford's Jonathan Kent.[73][74][75]
In 2010, Warner Bros announced that Christopher Nolan, who had previously directed Batman's origin story in Batman Begins, would be the producer on a reboot of the Superman film franchise. Director Zack Snyder stated that the film would focus on Superman's early days and would not be based on any particular comic book.[76]
^ a b c Siegel, Jerry (w), Shuster, Joe (a). "Superman" Action Comics 1 (June 1938), Detective Comics, Inc.
^ a b Siegel, Jerry (w), Shuster, Joe (a). "Superboy" More Fun Comics 101 (Jan. - Feb. 1945), DC Comics
^ Byrne, John (w), Byrne, John (p), Giordano, Dick (i). "Epilogue: The Super-Hero" The Man of Steel 1 (October 1986), DC Comics
^ Johns, Geoff and Donner, Richard (w), Wight, Eric (a). "Who is Clark Kent's Big Brother?" Action Comics Annual 10 (March 2007), DC Comics
^ Johns, Geoff and Busiek, Kurt (w), Woods, Pete (a). "Up, Up, and Away! Chapter One: Mortal Men" Superman 650 (May 2006), DC Comics
^ a b c d e f g h i j Andrae, Tom; Blum, Geoffrey; Coddington, Gary (August 1983). Marschall, Richard. ed. "The Birth of Superman". Nemo, the Classic Comics Library (Fantagraphics Books) (2): 6–19.
^ Daniels, Les (1999). Superman: The Complete History. Chronicle Books. ISBN 0811842312.
^ Schwartz, Julius; Thomsen, Brian M. (2000). Man of Two Worlds: My Life in Science Fiction and Comics. HarperEntertainment. ISBN 0-380-81051-4
^ Wylie, Philip (1930). Gladiator. Alfred A. Knopf. http://www.archive.org/details/Gladiator_261
^ Jones, Gerard (2005). Men Of Tomorrow: Geeks, Gangsters, and the Birth of the Comic Book. Basic Books. ISBN 0465036570.
^ Jacobson, Howard (March 5, 2005). "Up, up and oy vey". The Times. p. 5.
^ The Mythology of Superman (DVD). Warner Bros.. 2006.
^ a b c Roberson, Chris (2006). "Jewel Mountains and Fire Falls". In Yeffeth, Glenn. The Man from Krypton. Benbella Books Inc.. ISBN 1-932100-77-6
^ Siegel, Jerry (w), Shuster, Joe (a). "Superman" Superman 1 (Summer 1939), Detective Comics, Inc.
^ Siegel, Jerry (w), Shuster, Joe (a). "Scientific Explanation of Superman's Amazing Strength--!" Superman 1 (Summer 1939), Detective Comics, Inc.
^ Siegel, Jerry (w), Shuster, Joe (a). "The Origin of Superman" Superman 53 (July August 1948), DC Comics
^ a b Finger, Bill (w), Plastino, Al (a). "Superman Returns To Krypton!" Superman 61 (November-December 1949), DC Comics
^ Boring, Wayne (p), Kaye, Stan (i). "The Kid from Krypton" Action Comics 158 (July 1951), DC Comics
^ Binder, Otto (w), Swan, Curt (p), Fischetti, John (i). "The Super-Dog of Krypton!" Adventure Comics 210 (March 1955), DC Comics
^ Kevin Burns (2006) (Documentary). Look, Up in the Sky - The Amazing Story of Superman. Warner Bros. Pictures.
^ Zeno, Eddy (2006). "The Plot Master and the Editor". In Eury, Michael. The Krypton Companion. TwoMorrows Publishing. ISBN 1893905616
^ Binder, Otto (w), Plastino, Al (a). "The Story of Superman's Life!" Superman 146 (July 1961), DC Comics
^ Wells, John (2006). "A History of Krypton". In Eury, Michael. The Krypton Companion. TwoMorrows Publishing. ISBN 1893905616
^ Bridwell, E. Nelson (w). "Giant Metropolis Mailbag" Superman 239 (June-July 1971), DC Comics
^ Bridwell, E. Nelson (w), Swan, Curt (p), Anderson, Murphy (i). "The Origin of Superman!" The Amazing World of Superman (Metropolis Edition) (1973), DC Comics
^ Kupperberg, Paul (w), Chaykin, Howard (p), Anderson, Murphy (i). "The Jor-El Story" The World of Krypton 1 (July 1979), DC Comics
^ Kupperberg, Paul (w), Chaykin, Howard (p), Anderson, Murphy (i). "This Planet Is Doomed!" The World of Krypton 2 (August 1979), DC Comics
^ Kupperberg, Paul (w), Chaykin, Howard (p), Anderson, Murphy (i). "The Last Days Of Krypton" The World of Krypton 3 (September 1979), DC Comics
^ Rozakis, Bob (w), Swan, Curt (p), Schaffenberger, Kurt (i). "Dreams and Schemes and Feeling Proud!" Superman: The Secret Years 1 (February 1985), DC Comics
^ Rozakis, Bob (w), Swan, Curt (p), Schaffenberger, Kurt (i). "Reach Out and Touch" Superman: The Secret Years 2 (March 1985), DC Comics
^ Rozakis, Bob (w), Swan, Curt (p), Schaffenberger, Kurt (i). "Terminus" Superman: The Secret Years 3 (April 1985), DC Comics
^ Rozakis, Bob (w), Swan, Curt (p), Schaffenberger, Kurt (i). "Beyond Terminus" Superman: The Secret Years 4 (May 1985), DC Comics
^ Wolfman, Marv (2000). "Introduction". In Wolfman, Marv. Crisis on Infinite Earths. DC Comics. ISBN 1563897504
^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Pérez, George (p), Ordway, Jerry (i). "Aftershock" Crisis on Infinite Earths 11 (February, 1986), DC Comics
^ a b c d Sanderson, Peter (June 1986). "The Man of Steel". Amazing Heroes (96). http://superman.nu/a/ges/steel.php
^ Giordano, Dick (w). "Meanwhile..." The Man of Steel 2 (October 1986), DC Comics
^ Byrne, John (w), Byrne, John (p), Giordano, Dick (i). "Prologue: From Out the Green Dawn..." The Man of Steel 1 (October 1986), DC Comics
^ Byrne, John (w), Byrne, John (p), Giordano, Dick (i). "The Haunting" The Man of Steel 6 (December 1986), DC Comics
^ Byrne, John (w). "Superman: A Personal View" The Man of Steel 1 (October 1986), DC Comics
^ Byrne, John (w), Byrne, John (p), Giordano, Dick (i). "The Story of the Century!" The Man of Steel 2 (October 1986), DC Comics
^ Byrne, John (w), Byrne, John (p), Giordano, Dick (i). "One Night in Gotham City" The Man of Steel 3 (November 1986), DC Comics
^ Freiman, Barry (11-15). "Marv Wolfman Talks "Infinite Crisis Secret Files 2006"". http://www.supermanhomepage.com/comics/interviews/interviews-intro.php?topic=c-interview_wolfman1. Retrieved 2007-12-24
^ Byrne, John (w), Byrne, John (p), Giordano, Dick (i). "Enemy Mine..." The Man of Steel 4 (November 1986), DC Comics
^ Epstein, Daniel Robert. "Mark Waid interview about Superman: Birthright - UGO.com Comics". http://www.ugo.com/channels/freestyle/features/markwaid/. Retrieved 2007-12-25
^ a b Singh, Arune. "Comic Book Resources - Super-Stars (Part 1): Mark Waid's "Birthright," The Official Origin". http://www.comicbookresources.com/news/newsitem.cgi?id=3385. Retrieved 2007-12-25
^ Seagle, Steven T. (w), McDaniel, Scott (p), Owens, Andy (i). "The Last Superman Story" Superman v2, 200 (February 2004), DC Comics
^ Waid, Mark (w), Yu, Leinil Francis (p), Alanguilan, Gerry (i). "In the Beginning..." Superman: Birthright 1 (September 2003), DC Comics
^ Waid, Mark (w), Yu, Leinil Francis (p), Alanguilan, Gerry (i). "A Legacy Reborn" Superman: Birthright 3 (November 2003), DC Comics
^ Waid, Mark (w), Yu, Leinil Francis (p), Alanguilan, Gerry (i). "Every Town Has a Secret... Lex Luthor in Smallville" Superman: Birthright 8 (May 2004), DC Comics
^ Brady, Matt. "Newsarama.com: Geoff Johns: Telling Superman's Secret Origin". http://www.newsarama.com/comics/110828-Geoff-Secret-Origin.html. Retrieved 2009-01-20
^ Thomas, Roy (w), Boring, Wayne (p), Ordway, Jerry (i). "The Secret Origin of the Golden Age Superman" DC Comics Presents v3, 1 (April 1986), DC Comics
^ Maggin, Elliot S! (w), Swan, Curt (p), Williamson, Al (i). "The Origin of Superboy-Prime!" DC Comics Presents 87 (November 1985), DC Comics
^ "The Baby From Krypton". The Adventures of Superman. 1940-02-12. No. 1.
^ "Clark Kent, Reporter". The Adventures of Superman. 1940-02-14. No. 2.
^ Superman Comes to Earth. Superman.
^ Depths of the Earth. Superman.
^ The Reducer Ray. Superman.
^ "Superman on Earth". Adventures of Superman. September 19, 1952. No. 1, season 1.
^ Milam, Matthew (March 11, 2010). "No Superhero Movie Will Ever Beat The Original Superman Film". ChicagoNow. http://www.chicagonow.com/blogs/matthew-milams-films-music/2010/03/no-superhero-movie-will-ever-beat-the-original-superman-film.html. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
^ Richard Donner, Tom Mankiewicz, DVD audio commentary, 2001, Warner Home Video
^ Superman: The Animated Series, Volume One; Special Feature: Superman: Learning to Fly (DVD). Warner Home Video. 2005-01-25.
^ Superman: The Animated Series, Volume One; Special Feature: Commentary on "Last Son of Krypton - Part I" (DVD). Warner Home Video. 2005-01-25.
^ "Last Son of Krypton - Part I". Superman: The Animated Series. 1996-09-06. No. 1, season 1.
^ "Shows - About Smallville". http://cwtv.com/shows/smallville/about. Retrieved 2007-12-17
^ Byrne, Craig (2001-04-06). "KryptonSite Interview #1 With Smallville Executive Producer Alfred Gough". http://www.kryptonsite.com/gough.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
^ Ausiello, Michael (2001-05-24). "Smallville's Big Hunk". http://www.tvguide.com/news/Smallvilles-Big-Hunk-38312.aspx. Retrieved 2009-01-20.
^ "TVGuide.com: Your Burning Smallville Questions Answered! (Part 1)". 2007-10-11. http://www.tvguide.com/news/smallville-tom-welling-39637.aspx. Retrieved 2009-01-20.
^ "Interview with "Smallville" Executive Producer Alfred Gough". http://www.supermanhomepage.com/tv/tv.php?topic=interviews/al-gough2. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
^ Newgen, Heather (06-16). "Superman Returns Director Bryan Singer - Superhero Hype!". http://www.superherohype.com/news/featuresnews.php?id=4381. Retrieved 2007-12-11
^ Singer, Bryan (06-22). "Bryan's Journals: Video Journal #17 - Untitled". http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/superman-returns-bryans-journals/id105734711. Retrieved 2010-11-11.
^ Singer, Bryan (2006). Superman Returns (Motion picture).
^ Making Superman Returns: From Script to Screen on the Superman Returns DVD
^ Designing Superman: From Art and Costume Design to Set Construction on the Superman Returns DVD
^ Resurrecting Jor-El featurette on the Superman Returns DVD
^ Delorme, Pierre. "Exclusif : Zack Snyder parle de Superman !". http://www.filmsactu.com/news-cinema-exclusif-zack-snyder-parle-de-superman-11929.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-13
v · d · eSuperman
Jerry Siegel · Joe Shuster
Superman Family
Superman (Clark Kent) · Superboy (Kal-El; Kon-El) · Supergirl (Kara Zor-El; Matrix; Linda Danvers; Cir-El) · Superwoman (Luma Lynai; Kristin Wells)
Beppo · Chris Kent · Comet · Dubbilex · Eradicator · Gangbuster · Guardian · Jor-El · Kelex · Krypto · Maxima · Mon-El · Natasha Irons · Power Girl · Steel · Streaky · Thara Ak-Var
Bibbo Bibbowski · Cat Grant · Professor Hamilton · Inspector Henderson · Jonathan and Martha Kent · Lois Lane · Lucy Lane · Lana Lang · Lori Lemaris · Lyla Lerrol · Steve Lombard · Lena Luthor · Newsboy Legion · Jimmy Olsen · Chief Parker · Professor Potter · Pete Ross · Maggie Sawyer · Scorn · Ron Troupe · Dan Turpin · Paul Westfield · Perry White
Atomic Skull · Bizarro · Bloodsport · Brainiac · Bruno Mannheim · Conduit · Cyborg Superman · Dabney Donovan · Darkseid · Dominus · Doomsday · Encantadora · Equus · Faora · General Zod · Gog · Imperiex · Intergang · Jax-Ur · Kryptonite Man · Lex Luthor · Livewire · Mala · Mercy Graves · Metallo · Mongul · Morgan Edge · Mr. Mxyzptlk · Neutron · Parasite · Prankster · Preus · Riot · Silver Banshee · Solaris · Superboy-Prime · Superman Revenge Squad · Terra-Man · Titano · Toyman · Ultra-Humanite · Ultraman
Argo City · Bizarro World · Daily Planet · Fortress of Solitude · Kandor · Krypton · Kryptonopolis · LexCorp · Metropolis · Phantom Zone · Project Cadmus · Smallville · Stryker's Island · Suicide Slum · Vathlo Island · Warworld
Justice League · Justice Society of America · Legion of Super-Heroes · Super Friends · World's Finest Team
History and themes
Origin · History of Superman · Symbol · Powers · Kryptonite · Character and cast · Relationship of Clark Kent and Lois Lane
Action Comics · Superboy · Supergirl · Superman · Superman/Batman
Adventure Comics · All-Star Superman · DC Comics Presents · The Man of Steel · Superboy and the Ravers · Superman (vol. 2) · Superman: Birthright · Superman: The Man of Steel · Superman: The Man of Tomorrow · Superman: Secret Origin · Superman: War of the Supermen · Superman for All Seasons · Superman Confidential · Superman Family · Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane · Superman's Pal, Jimmy Olsen · World's Finest Comics
Storylines · Alternate versions · Superman in other media · Supergirl in other media · Lex Luthor in other media · Superman in film · Alternative versions of Supergirl · Alternative versions of Lex Luthor · Smallville · Supermobile · Superman robots · Joanne Siegel
v · d · e1978–1987 Superman film series
Superman • Superman II • Superman III • Superman IV: The Quest for Peace
Supergirl • Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut
Adapted characters
General Zod • Jor-El • Jonathan Kent • Martha Kent • Lois Lane • Lucy Lane • Lana Lang • Lex Luthor • Jimmy Olsen • Supergirl / Kara Zor-El • Superman / Clark Kent • Perry White
Smallville • Daily Planet • Fortress of Solitude • Phantom Zone • Metropolis • Krypton • Argo City • Kryptonopolis
"Can You Read My Mind" • Superman III
Kryptonite • Relationship of Clark Kent and Lois Lane • Origin of Superman
See also: Superman in other media • Lex Luthor in other media • Supergirl in other media
Monsheim (Verbandsgemeinde)
Westhofen (Verbandsgemeinde)
Superman (film) — Superman Theatrical release poster by Bob Peak Directed by Richard Donner Produced by … Wikipedia
Superman IV: The Quest for Peace — Theatrical release poster Directed by Sidney J. Furie Produced by … Wikipedia
Superman — This article is about the superhero. For other uses, see Superman (disambiguation). Superman … Wikipedia
Superman in other media — Adaptations of Superman in other media Actors who have portrayed Superman: (top) Kirk Alyn, George Reeves, Christopher Reeve (bottom) Dean Cain, Tom Welling, and Brandon Routh … Wikipedia
Origin story — This article is about the back stories of fictional characters. For myths about origins of world phenomena, see origin myth. For other uses of origin , see Origin. In comic book terminology, an origin story is an account or back story revealing… … Wikipedia
Superman character and cast — Superman, given the serial nature of comic publishing and the length of the character s existence, has evolved as a character as his adventures have increased. Initially a crime fighter, the character was seen in early adventures stepping in to… … Wikipedia
superman — ► NOUN informal ▪ a man with exceptional physical or mental ability. ORIGIN coined by the Irish playwright G. B. Shaw in imitation of German Übermensch (used by Nietzsche) … English terms dictionary
Superman (film series) — Infobox Film name = Superman film series director = Richard Donner ( Superman, Superman II (uncredited) Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut ) Richard Lester ( Superman II III ) Sidney J. Furie ( Superman IV: The Quest for Peace ) Bryan Singer (… … Wikipedia
Superman For All Seasons — Supercbbox| title = Superman For All Seasons caption = Cover to Superman for All Seasons #1 Art by Tim Sale schedule = Monthly format = publisher = DC Comics date = September 1998 December 1998 issues = 4 main char team = Superman, Lex Luthor,… … Wikipedia
Superman Returns — ] On October 30, Variety reported that studio placed the cost at $209 million after factoring in tax rebates and incentives. [cite news | author = Pamela McClintock | title = Singer s zinger: another Superman | publisher = Variety | date = 2006… … Wikipedia


Home Blogging and Motivations	How To Earn Money Online? Here's How To Get Past It.
How about we quit wasting time. You're here in light of the fact that you need to learn how to make money online.
In case you're searching for true approaches to make some additional money online without having to first buy a learning course (which appears to cost around $100) about how to make money online, at that point you're in the ideal place!
There's no preferred time over now to start a business and make money online.
With more than 3.2 billion individuals now currently utilizing the web, we're well into a gigantic change in how the world works together.
We're living during a time where there are not any more limitations on what you can accomplish in light of geographic area or absence of monetary assets.
On the off chance that you have an internet connection and a couple of dollars in your pocket there is little that can really hinder you from profiting online.
There are actually many approaches on how to earn money online and how to get past it.
From taking online reviews to leasing or offering your old garments, flipping your iPhone to somebody in another country, and notwithstanding purchasing minimal effort items locally, just to exchange them at a higher cost on Amazon.
There's really no lack of one of a kind approaches to make money online.
Sounds stunning, correct? It is. In any case, before we make a fall, I have to address the glaring issue at hand.
There's no such thing as an online get-rich-fast plan. The majority of the brisk ways individuals discuss with regards to profiting online are not genuine businesses.
Of course, some of them might be useful for making a couple of hundred or even thousand dollars in one-time income.
Yet, they're not going to enable you to open monetary flexibility and accomplish complete control of your way of life.
They're alternate routes that don't keep going forever—and a considerable lot of the "openings" like system advertising monsters Herbalife and others offer, frequently work out to either be a scam or at any rate, harming to your own networks.
Furthermore, we could never advocate for that.
The web has opened up such a large number of chances to business visionaries.
The main approaches to make money online in any enduring way, include investing genuine energy, time, and hard work.
This isn't to frighten you away. We need you to realize that this guide will focus exclusively on approaches to make genuine, manageable additional salary online.
Not only a couple of bucks.
We will begin first with the main approaches to make real money online.
Do you have dreams of maintaining your own business one day?
Building and scaling a high-development startup, while by a long shot the most troublesome approach to make money online, apparently has the most potential upside.
By the third quarter of 2017, Venture Capitalists had put over $61 billion into near 6,000 new companies in the only US.
There's money visible all around, and on the off chance that you can effectively make an online administration, device, or commercial center that satisfies a quickly developing need in the commercial center, you could be on track for making an exceptionally significant business.
In any case, it'll without a doubt take an extreme commitment of time, endeavors, and budgetary assets.
Not at all like a considerable measure of alternate businesses we will cover, startup originators confront an entire slew of factors and barricades that can impede achievement.
For one, you'll need to have an abnormal state of space understanding inside the business your startup will work.
This implies a profound comprehension of your clients, the issues they confront, and a thought of potential arrangements they'll pay for.
This is the base you have to begin.
From that point forward, you'll be comfortable with the other significant players in the space who may be great accomplices or procurement openings.
And additionally, a cozy learning of how to raise subsidizing, advertise your item, contract and deal with the best ability, and keep yourself fiscally above liquidity.
Presently, this may seem like a considerable measure, however, the result is justified, despite all the trouble.
So where do you begin when assembling a startup?
The most vital thing you require before you do whatever else is an issue.
What do individuals require that they don't have? What arrangement is right now out there that you can improve the situation?
This by itself is the premise of each incredible startup.
When you have that issue or need to be nailed, the subsequent stage is to approve that thought and make beyond any doubt you've really got clients who will pay for it.
This implies building a base reasonable item, getting target criticism from genuine clients, testing the market for the request, and getting estimating input to guarantee there's a sufficient edge between your expenses and what purchasers will pay.
Finally, you require money to make money.
New companies can cost a considerable amount to get off the ground.
This implies you'll act naturally subsidizing your business.
While not every person will have the assets to pay for all that they have to begin a startup, bootstrapping implies that you hold 100% control over your organization.
On the off chance that you can bootstrap your organization to an exit or IPO, you'll no doubt never need to work one more day in your life.
If you require some genuine money to develop your startup, you'll need to assemble a pitch deck and contact speculators who should need to give you the money you require as a byproduct of a stake in your organization.
Another extraordinary alternative is to apply to a startup accelerating agent like Y Combinator, 500 new companies, or TechStars.
Here a gathering of speculators will help mentor you, interface you with potential accomplices, and give startup trade out come back to a little stake in your organization.
The opposition is hard to get into these, so don't depend on them as your lone way ahead.
Once you're off the ground, it's about client procurement, showcase approval, all the more subsidizing, and development.
Obviously, that is a disentangled variant of all that it takes to launch your startup.
Fortunately, there is currently more help, instruction, and access to subsidizing for sprouting new businesses than at any other time.
Also, an awesome place to begin is with this rundown of 101 best free and shabby online business courses for business people I set up together.
At the present time, there's an unquenchable requirement for valuable programming.
Regardless of whether it's a vital shopper application, a master application to take care of a specific issue, or even an entertainment app, you can make an enormously fruitful business in the event that you create programming app that helps individuals.
Presently, we comprehend what you're considering. The vast majority of the product and applications you use all the time are made by enormous organizations.
In any case, numerous effective applications, especially those in the Apple and Google stores, are made and showcased by people and independent companies.
Truth be told, free designers made $20 billion in the App Store in 2016 alone.
Make Money Online Start an eCommerce Site and Sell Physical Products Freelance.
On the off chance that finding a superior answer for an issue hundreds or thousands of individuals have doesn't appear like an alternative right now.
Nowadays, this couldn't be simpler. Destinations like Shopify and 3dcart have made it less demanding than any time in recent memory to fabricate an adaptable, capable eCommerce site at an end of the week and begin offering items now.
While you'll absolutely have larger amounts of achievement in the event that you can nail making and promoting your own one of a kind item, from my own understanding (and that of numerous different business people).
We know them to a great degree high expenses and hazard-related with beginning an item based business.
Rather, in the event that you can locate a strong item that is as of now being fabricated at a sensible cost from a commercial center like AliExpress, LightInTheBox, or DinoDirect and market it to your group of onlookers, you'll have the beginning of a money-production eCommerce machine.
Presently, we should get into the importance of how your online store will work, in order words, learning how to make money online and how to get past it.
Regardless of whether you're offering your own new items or exchanging different products, despite everything you need to consider how much stock you will convey.
How you will support forthright acquiring costs, and where you will store your stock.
Keep in mind, regardless of whether you abstain from paying rent on a customer facing facade, despite everything you have to store your stock someplace.
Well. Not generally. Another alternative's turned out to be unbelievably prevalent over the most recent couple of years (and is my undisputed top choice approach to work an item business), called drop shipping.
With drop shipping, you're viable collaborating with a maker or distributor to offer their items.
Along these lines, you don't pay forthright expenses to purchase stock, aren't perched on unsold things taking up costly distribution center space, and don't need to manage to ship the items yourself.
You basically make your site, fill it with drop shippable items, and drive in clients, with nearly everything else improved the situation you.
Obviously, there's a higher cost for every item and your edges are lower, however, you're ready to begin your online store with minimal in excess of a Shopify subject and some facilitated pictures of your items.
At the point when a client makes a buy, you thusly purchase the item from your provider who at that point ships it straightforwardly to your client.
All of these ways are basic and most trustable sources of earning money online.
What l can offer is a further guideline to improve your understanding of earning online.
If you like my article do not hesitate to share it with your friends and family.


text:
What is Digital.Bodleian?
DIGITAL.BODLEIAN is an effort to make portions of the bodleian's extraordinary library collections open to a wide variety of users from around the world for learning, teaching and research.
65,000 Readers Annually
100,000 Visitors Annually
860,786 Images and Counting
This is the accessibility statement for Bodleian Libraries websites. Specifically, it covers www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk and its child websites. Other sites which are linked to from these sites are not covered by this statement. Work is continuing to further improve the accessibility and usability of the site.
If you have any questions or comments about the accessibility of this site, please contact us.
Top level pages use a consistent navigation system (visually, a navigation bar across the top of the page, and links on the left of internal pages). A breadcrumb trail appears on each page to show the context of the page within the site.
Tables are used mainly for the presentation of tabular data.
Most content images include descriptive ALT attributes.
This site uses cascading style sheets for visual layout. If your browser or browsing device does not support style sheets at all, the content of each page is still readable. The website also uses relative font sizes, that allow text size to be changed in visual browsers.
The W3C website offers further information on website accessibility and using internet brower accessibility options.
Shelfmark index
Accessibility / Terms & Conditions / Privacy
Bodleian Libraries / University of Oxford / Powered by Armadillo Systems
©Copyright 2015-2019 The Bodleian Libraries / Designed by: ONE
Designed by: ONE

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Go6976 abolished the anticalcification activity of CST by promoting the ossification of cultured VSMCs. Rat VSMCs werecultured in growth medium or calcification medium in the presence or absence of 10 7mol/L of CST or in calcification medium containing10 7mol/L of CST and pretreated with different doses of Go6976 (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5lmol/L) for 30 min. On day 7 (A, n=4) and 12 (B,n=4), VSMCs were harvested for the determination of ALP activity (A) using an ALP assay kit and calcium content (B) using the OCPCmethod. The VSMCs cultured with calcification medium containing 10 7mol/L of CST were pretreated with different doses of Go6976 (0.01and 0.1lmol/L) for 30 min. On day 6, VSMCs were harvested for the detection of expression of OCN (C, D, n=6). Data from at least threeindependent experiments are presented as the mean SEM, and representative images are shown.*P<.05 and †P<.01. Ctrl, control groupin vitro;b-GP,b-glycerophosphate group;b-GP+CST,b-glycerophosphate plus 10 7mol/L cortistatin group;b-GP+CST+Go6976,b-glycerophosphate plus 10 7mol/L cortistatin plus Go6976 group.
Acta Physiol, 2018, 223(3):e13055. Go6976 purchased from Selleck.
Erk5 activation depends on Mek5, classical PKC and Mek1/2. MOVAS cells were serum-starved overnight and then treated for 1 h if not indicated otherwise with inhibitors targeting Jnk (SP600125, 10 μM), p38 (SB203580, 10 μM), Mek1/2 (CI-1040, 3 μM), Jak2 (AG490, 10 μM), Src (SU6656, 0.5 μM), Go6983 (PKC, 1 μM), Gö6976 (classical PKC, 1 μM), proteasomes (MG132, 25 μM), TPA (100 ng/ml for 15 min to activate PKCs or overnight to inhibit) and Mek5 (BIX02189, 1 μM), as well as Ca2 + chelators (EDTA, 2 mM; BAPTA-AM, 10 μM; both with 30 min preincubation), followed by stimulation with 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB for 10 min. Total cell lysates (TCL) were prepared and subjected to SDS-PAGE. Erk5 and PDGFRβ activities were measured by band shift and Tyr857 phosphorylation, respectively, using immunoblotting. Panel E and G show representative immunoblots.
Cell Signal, 2016, 28(9):1422-31.. Go6976 purchased from Selleck.
Representative micrographs showing immunostaining results for p-PKCα and laminin, LC3 and laminin, SQSTM1/p62 and laminin, LAMP2 and laminin in the kidneys at day 7 after UUO. Slides were counterstained with DAPI to visualize cell nuclei.
J Biol Chem, 2018, doi:10.1074/jbc.RA118.002191. Go6976 purchased from Selleck.
Inhibition of InlB-mediated entry by a chemical inhibitor of PKC-α. HeLa cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of the compound Go6976 699 or with the vehicle DMSO for 45 min before assessment of bacterial entry or cell viability. (i). The effect of Go6976 treatment on entry of Listeria expressing InlB is shown. Data are means +/- SEM from three experiments. *, P < 0.05 compared to the DMSO only (-) condition. (ii). Go6976 treatment did not affect viability of HeLa cells as measured with MTT assays. Results are mean +/- SEM values from three experiments. (iii). Go6976 treatment did not reduce entry of E. coli strain HB101 expressing the invasin protein of Yersinia enterocolitica (inv+ HB101). Data are mean +/- SEM values from three experiments.
Infect Immun, 2017, e00087-17. Go6976 purchased from Selleck.
Upper: representative immunoblots of the total lysates of cultured astrocytes after SHH or BSA with or without Go6976 for 6h. Lower: statistics, n = 4 in each condition.
Neuroscience, 2017, 365:217-225. Go6976 purchased from Selleck.
In brief, for measuring PKCα, and PKCβ1 and PKC from rat brain, the assay mixture of 200 μl contains 50 mM HEPES (pH7.5), 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EDTA, 1.25 mM EGTA, 1.32 mM CaC12, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 1 μg of phosphatidylserine, 0.2 μg of diolein, 40 μg of histone Hi, 10 μM [γ-32P]ATP (1 μCi/ml), and 5-10 units (pmol of Pi/min) of PKC. Assays are started by the addition of [γ-32P]ATP, incubated for 5 min at 30 °C, stopped by the addition of 2 ml of 8.5% H3PO4, filtered through 0.45-μm nitrocellulose filters, and evaluated by scintillation counting.
Cells are suspended at 2 × 105 per point in 200 μl RPMI/10% FCS. The inhibitor under investigation is added at the appropriate concentration and the cells incubated for 48 h at 37°C, 5% CO2. MTS activity is measured by CellTiter kit according to the manufacturers instructions. Results are expressed as a percentage of control (cells without inhibitor).
 Martiny-Baron G, er al. J Biol Chem. 1993, 268(13), 9194-9197.
 Grandage VL, et al. Br J Haematol. 2006, 135(3), 303-316.
 Qatsha KA, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993, 90(10), 4674-4678.
 Duan GJ, et al. Inflamm Res. 2011, 60(4), 357-366.


Wandering around Milot with Dr. Jeff Monda is like walking with a celebrity. The urologist from Washington state has been coming to Haiti once, twice, or sometimes three times a year since 2007. Vendors, locals, and former patients alike recognize and appreciate the great work Dr. Monda and his team provides.
Dr. Monda started coming to Haiti because of a few colleagues with a long history at CRUDEM, urologist Dr. Dale Peterson and certified urology technician, Fred Schuenemann.
Now retired, Dr. Peterson was instrumental in CRUDEM's leadership for a number of years starting in 1998. Schuenemann recalls that Dr. Peterson became a Knight of Malta to become a CRUDEM board member. Schuenemann started accompanying Dr. Peterson in order to set up endoscopic surgery in Milot. He was instrumental in getting supplies to Haiti and developing a functional system for endoscopic work. He now assists Dr. Monda and fellow Wenatchee, WA urologist, Dr. Wally Gibbons, on their trips to Haiti.
"People like Dale Peterson pioneered down there ahead of us, laid the groundwork and made it easy. And people like Fred Schuenemann provide an amazing amount of work for us to be able to do what we do without the stress of day-to-day set up," Dr. Monda acknowledges.
Dr. Monda says patient evaluation, treatment, and recovery in Haiti are in some ways identical to his practice in the United States. The biggest differences in Haiti are severity of problems and limited diagnostics. "You can't get CAT scans, you have to make do with less," Dr. Monda says.
But he says he still gathers all of the information he needs and makes the right decisions for his patients, never compromising quality of care.
Many Haitian urology patients present similarly to U.S. patients, but Dr. Monda sees more people with urgent symptoms in Haiti. For instance, whereas in the U.S. he might see a handful of people a month with urinary retention (keeping them from urinating), in Haiti a significant number of the 100 patients he'll see within a 5-6 hour clinic are in retention. He also sees diseases that are specific to Haiti, such as a microfilarial worm that causes elephantiasis, a big swelling of the testicles. "We see some swelling of the testicles, hydroceals in the U.S. but nothing compared to what you see in Haiti," he says.
Dr. Monda calls urology a very technology-based field. Because of this, diagnostic and treatment options are restricted in Haiti. For example, kidney stones are especially difficult to diagnose and treat there, he says.
Consequently, treating kidney stones in Haiti is like treatment in the U.S. was forty or fifty years ago.
Yet Dr. Monda and his team have been able to adapt modern technical procedures and equipment for use in the conditions they find in Haiti. High quality equipment now enables them to perform surgical procedures for enlarged prostates–transurethral resection of the prostate (TURPs) — as they are done at home.
But to do this procedure, they have also had to do a lot of jerry-rigging to create low-tech solutions that emulate the ready-made tools they have available back home.
Accomplishing their tasks takes a lot of planning and thought. Additionally, it requires skills and knowledge that for many medical professionals are a lost art. Dr. Monda credits Fred Schuenemann with organizing and creating many effective devices over the years.
Besides processing fluids, Schuenemann has developed a system to keep the fluids flowing to the operating table, and he even rigged camera, camera box, and monitor systems together to keep the urologists' eyes away from any squirts when viewing bladders (and therefore reducing HIV risk-exposure).
Another example of old medical techniques helping new ones came on Dr. Monda's first trip to Haiti. His father, Dr. George Monda, who had also practiced urology but had been retired for several years, accompanied him.
Some of those patients travel a long way to get to Hôpital Sacré Coeur, Dr. Monda points out. "Then they sit on the benches all day waiting to be seen. They're very, very patient. Nobody complains," he says.
Patients requiring urological follow-up care will sometimes be seen by a general surgeon or can always be seen by the next urologist coming down.
Dr. Monda says there are currently three urologists that visit Milot, staggered relatively evenly throughout the year. Coincidentally, one of them, Dr. Les Rainwater, trained at the Mayo Clinic with Dr. Monda and served as chief resident.
Sometimes the scope of urological problems in Haiti is beyond the ability to care for in remote conditions.
"I'm always amazed in clinic that you'll see 100 patients in a day and you'll see patient after patient with common urologic problems. Then you'll see a baby that's been born with exstrophy, where the bladder's open to the outside environment," Dr. Monda says. "In the U.S. that would be something that would require multiple surgeries and you just don't have that available in Haiti," he adds.
In those instances, sometimes a specialist can come to Haiti to provide care. Occasionally a patient will be sent for care in the U.S., but visas and international healthcare can prove very difficult. For these complicated cases, "you're looking at a lifetime of issues for that patient. You feel very helpless for what you can do in that situation," Dr. Monda acknowledges.
Not being able to meet the needs of all in Haiti certainly weighs on Dr. Monda's heart. Why does he continue to go? How has his time in Haiti impacted him?
"The whole point of going is to teach. It's critical to note that we could not do what we do without the welcoming environment of the Haitians who are very well-educated, who have been through thick and thin with the earthquake and who allow us to come in and work with them and teach us a lot. In doing so, they learn a lot from us as well. We feel like guests when we're there," says Dr. Monda.
Anesthesiologist Dr. Dave Wiggum has accompanied the Wenatchee urology team several times over the past few years. He says, "It's fun to work together in the operating room with the Haitian staff and our own staff," and echoes the teaching goal statement.
Though the language barrier can be difficult to overcome, Dr. Wiggum has enjoyed developing working relationships over the years with the local staff. "Sharing techniques, collaboration with students, CRNAs (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists) and operating staff—when that goes well and you feel like you've taught someone something or shared something, that can be the best part of the whole thing," Dr. Wiggum states.
On his most recent visit in April, Haitian CRNA Masiane Jean Baptiste "really wanted to be involved in pediatric urology cases" and Dr. Wiggum was eager to help her build her skills. The Wenatchee team is the only visiting team that performs pediatric urology cases.
Every year the crew joining the Wenatchee, WA team grows. Medical and non-medical community members including a Rotary group have accompanied the Wenatchee contingency. "It's become a much more community-wide interest that's not just us who have opened people's eyes to what's going on there.
Orthopedics has gone down there twice and have a continued interest in going with us. They started going down after the earthquake and we take down a team that includes usually two anesthesiologists, two urologists, and recovery room nurses, OR nurses, and surgical techs.
When we take orthopedics down we take a complement to handle them as well," Dr. Monda says.
Trips to Haiti have even become a family affair. In addition to his father, Dr. Monda has brought his wife, son, daughters, nieces, brother-in-law, and countless friends along. In a twist of coincidence, a cousin currently operates a nearby children's home, and another relative has served as a long-term volunteer in Cap Haïtien. "It's been wonderful to bring family members to see the area and get involved in other concerns there," says Dr. Monda.
Urology tech Schuenemann is game to continue going to Haiti "for as long as Dr. Monda and Dr. Gibbons and whoever else goes down needs help." He says Dr. Monda has been absolutely wonderful with a great grasp of life on Haiti and constantly brings things back to reality with humorous questions.
"He's been a real bedrock of reality to work with," says Schuenemann. "It's a meaningful situation and it's just fun," he says.
"When we get down there we have an opportunity to take care of people who have serious problems," says anesthesiologist Dr. Wiggum. "The clinic doctors and CRUDEM staff do a nice job of getting patients pre-screened, lined up, and ready to be seen and evaluated. As a group we have fun and enjoy what we're doing—meeting and caring for patients," he adds.
Dr. Monda sums up his reasons for traveling to Haiti: "Going down to Haiti keeps me interested in continuing in medicine. The day-to-day stresses that happen in medicine in the U.S. make you think you may not like what you're doing. Then you go down to Haiti and you operate on more people and have less stress.
Dr. Jeff Monda received a B.S. from Washington State University and an M.D. from University of Washington School of Medicine. He completed his internship and residency at Mayo Graduate School of Medicine. Dr. Monda is board-certified in Urology by the American Board of Urology. His clinical special interests include: kidney stone disease, urinary incontinence, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and surgical oncology. He lives in Wenatchee, WA and enjoys hunting, fishing, hiking, and spending time with his wife Laura and their three children.


Software engineering is an essential aspect for obtaining a systematic, disciplined and quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software and services. Incorporating security and privacy during the engineering process is of vital importance for assuring the development of reliable, correct, robust and trustful systems as well as adaptive, usable and evolving software services that satisfy users' requirements.
For many years software engineers were focused in the development of new software thus considering security and privacy mainly during the development stage as an ad-hoc process rather than an integrated one initiated in the system design stage. However, the data protection regulations, the complexity of modern environments such as IoT, IoE, Cloud Computing, Big Data, Cyber Physical Systems etc. and the increased level of users' awareness in IT have forced software engineers to identify security and privacy as fundamental design aspects leading to the implementation of more trusted software systems and services. Researchers have addressed the necessity and importance of implementing design methods for security and privacy requirements elicitation, modeling and implementation the last decades. Today Security by Design (SbD) and Privacy by Design (PbD) are established research areas that focus on these directions.
Submitted papers must not substantially overlap with papers that have been published or that are simultaneously submitted to a journal or a conference/workshop with proceedings. The workshop proceedings will be published by Springer in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) series.
All submissions should follow the LNCS template from the time they are submitted. Submitted papers can be either full papers or short papers. Full papers should be at most 20 pages while short papers should be at most 8 pages including the bibliography in both cases. All submissions must be written in English. Submissions are to be made to the Submission web site. Only pdf files will be accepted.
Submissions not meeting these guidelines risk rejection without consideration of their merits. Authors of accepted papers must guarantee that their papers will be presented at the conference.
Extended versions of high quality accepted papers will be given fast track opportunity to be published in Information and Computer Security journal.


Dr. Allena Willis Kennerly, a prominent orthodontist in the DC Metro area, has taken on a new role as Mrs. DC America 2014 (Acting). Formerly Mrs. Logan Circle 2014 and Mrs. DC America 2014 (2nd RU), Dr. Willis Kennerly graciously stepped into the new role to act on behalf of the Mrs. DC America 2014 court, for all future branding and marketing.
WASHINGTON - Oct. 4, 2016 - PRLog -- "The Mrs. DC America organization opens doors for our contestants, internally and externally. Meredith Egwuatu did a wonderful job as Mrs. DC America 2014. When she took on a new role externally, we realized we had to fill her role for our Mrs. DC America brand marketing. The 1st runner-up, Laura Clark, is also in an external position, so the next person in line was the 2nd Runner-Up, Dr. Allena Willis Kennerly. After consulting with the Mrs. America, Inc (http://www.mrsamerica.com) headquarters, we asked Dr. Willis Kennerly to step into the role of Mrs. DC America 2014 (Acting). Her face will now represent the 2014 year and she will make appearances on behalf of her 2014 team," the Mrs. DC America owner, Raquel Riley Thomas, states.
Dr. Allena Willis Kennerly is an Orthodontist licensed in Washington, D.C. and Virginia. She is also an entrepreneur, a wife, working mom, art collector, and activist.
A graduate of Spelman College, where she earned a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics, she then went on to dental school at Rutgers University. She completed her Orthodontic Residency at New York University and received a Certificate in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics where she was trained to use Invisalign. Rising as Washington, D.C.'s Elite Preferred Invisalign Provider, Dr. Willis, with her team Smashing Smiles Orthodontics, combines the perfection of beauty and function as a leading expert and a specialist. We believe in influencing confidence by creating Smashing Smiles (http://www.smashingsmiles.com) in up to half the treatment time. We are effective, efficient, and affordable with high ethical and quality standards while challenging ourselves in continuing education annually.
Dr. Willis is a member of the American Dental Association (ADA), a member of the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO), and several other professional clubs and organizations including Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc.
Based in Washington, D.C., Dr. Willis believes in the social justice power of devoting much of her time to volunteer efforts locally as Mrs. DC America 2014 (Acting) and internationally in Jamaica.
For information on Mrs. DC America, please visit our website at www.mrsdcamerica.org.
Meet the Contestants Vying for the Title of Mrs. Pennsylvania America 2017!
America's Next Top Model Alum Takes on the Pageant World!


Background: The morbidity related to radical oesophagectomy can be reduced by adopting minimally invasive techniques. Over 250 thoraco-laparoscopic oesophagectomy (TLE) was done in our centre over the last 15 years, before adopting robotic surgery as the latest innovation in the field of minimally invasive surgery. Here, we share our initial experience of robotic-assisted minimally invasive oesophagectomy (RAMIE) for carcinoma oesophagus. Methods: A prospective observational study conducted from February to December 2017. A total of 15 patients underwent RAMIE in this period. Data regarding demography, clinical characteristics, investigations, operating techniques, and post-operative outcome were collected in detail. Results: There were 10 (66.7%) male patients and the median age of all patients was 62.9 (range 36–78) years. The median body mass index was 24.4 (range 15–32.8) kg/m2. Twelve (80.0%) patients had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oesophagus and 3 (20%) patients had adenocarcinoma (AC). Five (33.3%) patients received neoadjuvant therapy. All 15 patients underwent RAMIE. Patients with SCC underwent McKeown's procedure, and those with AC underwent Ivor Lewis procedure. Extended two-field lymphadenectomy (including total mediastinal lymphadenectomy) was done for all the patients. The median operating time was 558 (range 390–690) min and median blood loss was 145 (range 90–230) ml. There were no intra-operative adverse events, and none of them required conversion to open or total thoracolaparoscopic procedure. The most common post-operative complications were recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis (3 patients, 20.0%) and pneumonia (2 patients, 13.3%). The median hospital stay was 9 (range 7–33) days. In total, 9 (60%) patients required adjuvant treatment. Conclusion: Adequate experience in TLE can help minimally invasive surgeons in easy adoption of RAMIE with satisfactory outcome.


text:
Danville native participates in multinational maritime exercise in Black Sea
July 21, 2019 By Publisher Leave a Comment
By Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Brian T. Glunt, Navy Office of Community Outreach
MILLINGTON, TN — A 2011 Monte Vista High School and 2015 University of Colorado at Boulder graduate and Danville, California, native participated in Sea Breeze 2019, a multinational maritime exercise in the Black Sea, July 1-12.
Lt. Adam Sharma, a U.S. Navy explosive ordnance disposal officer assigned to Explosive Ordnance Disposal Mobile Unit 8, took part in the exercise which focused on multiple warfare areas including maritime interdiction operations, air defense, anti-submarine warfare, damage control, search and rescue and amphibious operations.
"We rely heavily on our men and women in uniform to remain ready and vigilant in an increasingly complex environment, while they work closely with our NATO allies and partners to ensure regional stability," said Vice Adm. Lisa M. Franchetti, commander, U.S. 6th Fleet. "Each and every sailor and Marine who is here in Ukraine participating in exercise Sea Breeze 2019 is absolutely essential to the success of this exercise, and we could not be more proud of their hard work and commitment."
As an explosive ordnance disposal officer, Sharma is responsible for diffusing improvised explosive devices and other ordnance.
This was the 19th iteration of Sea Breeze in which naval forces from 19 nations contributed in the annual exercise co-hosted by the Ukrainian and U.S. Navies aiming to improve interoperability while promoting regional security and peace.
Nations scheduled to participate in Sea Breeze include Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, Estonia, France, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and the United States.
"This year we will focus on strengthening our partnerships and building upon the friendships that have been established for years," said Capt. Matthew Lehmann, commodore of U.S. Destroyer Squadron 60.
U.S. participation included the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Carney, a P-8A Poseidon from Patrol Squadron NINE, Navy Underwater Construction Team-1B, U.S. Marines from Marine Rotational Force-Europe and members of the Commander, Naval Forces Europe/Africa and Commander, U.S. Naval 6th Fleet staffs. In total, approximately 600 U.S. sailors and Marines participated.
"The thing I look forward to most during Sea Breeze is training with the Ukrainian explosive ordnance disposal divers," said Sharma. "I enjoy everything about being in the Navy."
To view a video of the exercise, click here.
Filed Under: Military, News, People, San Ramon Valley


What?!?!? We're supposed to say that to God. He's not supposed to follow us! He's God right?? So why would He do "according to our word." We're just stupid, arrogant, prideful, selfish people. Of course you all know the answer. God is willing to say He'll do "according to our word" when we have completely lined up with His will – when our desires are the same a His desires – when He has placed His words in our mouths – when our word is the same as His Word.
So here's my question: Can God say to you, "I now do according to your word."? Is your desire the same as His? Is your heart in line with His? If you could ask for anything in the world from God (like Solomon), would your request be a selfish one? or one that would honor God and be in line with His desires for the world?
Me? To be real honest, I'm not sure what my request would be. I believe that in moments like that God gives us strength to do the right things, but I also know that my first temptation would be to ask for a job and a way to support my family right now.
Prayer: Lord, I confess that I'm a selfish man – that I want things my way way too often. I confess that I'm fearful for the future of my family. I do trust You. But I'm also fearful. I know those things don't really go together, but it's truly where I am right now. There's a real tension between my faith and my fear and the two of them are waging war within me. Lord, I'm weak and I know that in these moments, You are strong. So please Lord, take charge of this battle. My true desire is to be faithful, to honor You, to hold fast. My deep desire is to have my words, my desires, & my life in tune and in step with You – to put myself in a position where You can say, "I now do according to your word" to me. May it be so. AMEN.
Had a thought during one of the sessions today.
There are three ways to translate the Bible. You can translate it with 1) your mind 2) your heart and 3) your life.
I think a lot of us settle for the mental translation. But the end result is information. And what happens is this: we learn more, do less, and think we're growing spiritually. But not if that's the only translation.
The second translation is emotional. And the emotional translation may seem more subjective than intellectual translation. But that is when our hearts break for the things that break the heart of God. It's not just information. It's transformation. For the record, I think one person with one deeply held conviction will make more of a difference than someone with a hundred good ideas.
Imagine a church filled with people who are translating the Bible with their lives!
Anyway, I thought it was a great idea. The only way that the Bible makes a difference, is when it's made a difference in our lives. If it's only intellectual or emotional, there's been no real change. The whole thing also reminded me of the old school praise and worship song "Holiness." The chorus says, "Take my heart and form it. Take my mind transform it. Take my will conform it to yours, to yours, oh Lord." Mind, heart, and will – sounds a lot like intellect, emotions, and life to me. Anyway, if Mark were gonna preach this idea, that'd be a great commitment song.
I'm also reminded of the old illustration of marriage. A young man may know (mind) a girl and have feelings (heart) for her, but she will not be his until he commits his life to her by saying, "I do." Maybe we could restate it this way – A man may know the Bible and have a fond appreciation for it, but until he commits to living by it, he goes unchanged.
Prayer: Lord, help me to live by Your Word and not just to know it and appreciate it. AMEN.
Evidently in the class I missed a couple of weeks ago, my professor gave an assignment for our journals. Here's the assignment: If God gave you one wish, what would it be and why?
Of course my first response is "more wishes," but I'm sure that's not gonna qualify for a "good" answer. The truth is that this is really a tough question. I think that as humans, our initial reactions would be those selfish sorts of things like: wealth, fame, mansions, trips, health, etc. But then I think about what I should desire as a Christian and I come to more unselfish things like: for no hunger or pain in the world, or maybe I should wish for world peace, or for everyone to know Jesus. I also think about some specific people with specific problems that I'd like to make wishes for. I might even wish for some things for my beautiful bride. Another thought I have when I think about this question is "What would Jesus do?" or "Is there a Biblical example I should follow here?" I don't know about what Jesus would do, but Solomon is a pretty good example and he asked for wisdom. God rewarded him for it too. Hmm. . . . .what about me though. . . . . .It's really tough to decide on one thing. I have a few regrets in my life that I wish I could "do over" but nothing that would warrant a wish – I mean, I've really learned from those things and they help make me who I am today.
Man this is hard. There's a part of me that would wish for a family of my own one day. I'd also wish to be a part of a starting a new church someday in the future. I would love to be able to study and teach the Bible for the rest of my life. And eat Blue Bell ice cream every day. I'd also love to have the ability to write songs like my friend Jon, or maybe a voice like Briscoe's. I wanna travel the world and especially go back to Israel again. I wanna scuba dive the great barrier reef, and snow ski the swiss alps. I wanna see Hawaii & Australia, and I wanna visit my compassion international child, Yigremachew, in Ethiopia. I wanna do mission work for a minimum of about 6 months somewhere and if I had to choose right now, It'd be Africa – maybe with the "Mercy Ships" folks.
OK – I finally got to my real answer: If I could have one wish from God, it'd be that I could stay in the center of His will for me for the rest of my life. I don't get there very often, but the few times that I've really been in step with Him have been amazing. Even if I wasn't getting to do some of the things I dreamed about, those steps with Him were always incredible!
I wish I could say I'd give up all those other dreams, to be in step with Him, but the truth is that even if He gave me my wish, I'd probably still be wishing for something else – of course it wouldn't be a "Godly" wish but I'm not very good at those kinds of things anyway. It's sad, but also very true that I'm much better at selfish wishes.
How 'bout the rest of you guys – what would you wish be?