By Duncan Brack This article was originally published in Reinventing the State: Social Liberalism for the 21st Centuryong>. We are grateful to Duncan for allowing us to reproduce this article. Visit the Methuen website to purchase the latest edition of this book for the discount price of £10.
I served on the working group that produced that paper, so I share the responsibility for the statement. I now believe, however, that it drastically understates the importance of the pursuit of equality as the essential underpinning of our ultimate aim of individual freedom, Similarly, equality underpins the type of communities in which individuals thrive best. The pursuit of both these other values will be compromised by a lack of attention to equality. Furthermore, I don't mean just equality of opportunity, the Liberal get-out for most of the past century. I mean equality of outcome – or to be more accurate, a significant reduction in inequality of outcome. This chapter will argue the case for promoting (or restoring) equality to the place where the party put it in its founding constitution, as a 'fundamental value' balanced against – rather than subordinate to – the other two. My case is based on three main arguments. First, that the extent of income and wealth inequality in modern-day Britain is seriously undermining the fabric of society, and needs urgently to be tackled by government – not just for the sake of those at the bottom of the income and wealth pile, but for all of us. ((This chapter is primarily about income and wealth inequality. I recognise, of course, that other forms of inequality – e.g. those deriving from race or gender – are also serious issues, but I do not deal with them here because I think the party's position on them is right.)) Second, that a commitment to reduce levels of income and wealth inequality fits naturally into our Liberal philosophy. Third, that it's smart politics.
That income and wealth inequality grew dramatically under the Thatcher governments is no surprise. It was a predictable side-effect of the reductions in the higher levels of income tax, the shift from direct to indirect taxes, cutbacks in government spending on public services, and government- engineered recessions which saw unemployment soar. It was not countered significantly, however, by the recovery in employment and output experienced from the mid 1990s onwards. Why is this? One might have expected a Labour government to be more concerned about inequality than their Conservative predecessors. In fact Labour's tax and benefit reforms have helped the poorest groups, though only since 2000–01, after they dropped their rigid adherence to Tory spending plans. Since then, significant increases in means-tested benefits and the use of tax credits have helped to raise the income of most of the poorest 40 per cent by more than the average, although the poorest 10 per cent have not done nearly so well. The complexity of the tax credit system has led to significant administrative problems, and redistribution has also has been counteracted by substantial increases in Council Tax, which affects those on lower incomes more heavily. The other main reason why inequality has remained stubbornly high is because the highest rate of growth of incomes, in both absolute and proportional terms, has been experienced by those in the top 10 per cent: the rich have got even richer. This is not really surprising; when Peter Mandelson said, in 1998, that New Labour was 'intensely relaxed about people getting filthy rich', he really meant it. Partly this is the outcome of government policy – the way in which the tax system operates, or can be manipulated, to benefit the super-rich. Overall, the poorest fifth of the population pays a higher percentage of their gross income in tax than the richest fifth. The House of Commons Treasury Select Committee's recent investigation into private equity firms revealed how the tax relief structure on capital gains tax has helped many in that industry pay less than 10 per cent on their investments, ((By the admission of the British Private Equity and Venture Capital Association's chief executive – he resigned two days later. 'Private equity boss quits after Commons mauling', Daily Telegraph 15 June 2007.)) even if they paid tax legitimately. More broadly, chief executives' pay levels have increased enormously. In 1979, FTSE100 chief execs earned on average about ten times as much as the average worker on the shop floor. By 2002, the ratio had increased from 10 to 54, and by 2006 to 76. ((Larry Elliott, 'Nice work if you can get it: chief executives quietly enrich themselves for mediocrity', Guardian 23 January 2006; Polly Toynbee, 'I was only the hapless decoy duck for David Cameron', Guardian 28 November 2006.)) Last year FTSE100 chief execs' pay rose by 30 per cent on average; the average pay of their staff increased by 2.8 per cent. Can't this be justified by improved performance and competitiveness? After all, the British private sector in 2006 has a rather better image than its predecessor in 1979. A University of Manchester study comparing corporate performance from 1983 to 2002, however, showed that the sales of the top 100 quoted companies on the stock exchange rose by an annual 2.7 per cent, as did pre-tax profits, while the pay of their chief executives rose almost ten times faster, by 26.2 per cent. ((Julie Froud, Sukhdev Johal, Adam Leaver and Karel Williams, Financialisation and Strategy: Narrative and Numbers (Routledge, London, 2006).)) The study concluded that 'giant-firm CEOs might be just another averagely ineffectual officer class', who have in effect been 'value-skimming', quietly enriching themselves for mediocre performance. This picture was reinforced by a Work Foundation study in 2006 showing that higher pay rates could be justified neither by higher levels of personal risk (the turnover rate for their jobs was lower than the national average; only one was made redundant, and he left with £5m compensation) nor by competition in the global market (most CEOs of British companies are British, and promoted from within their companies). ((Nick Isles, The Risk Myth: CEOs and Labour Market Risk (The Work Foundation, London, December 2006).)) Does this growth in the super-rich really matter? I return to this question below, in terms of its indirect impact on social cohesion, but there are direct impacts too. As the Rowntree Foundation study highlighted, the concentration of super-rich households in some urban and suburban areas is pushing house prices way out of the reach of even the betteroff. Shops and restaurants follow the trend, helping to create super-rich ghettos – the real impact of 'trickle-down'. The super-rich increasingly buy their own media and then use it to promote the political parties that come to them for funds, as ordinary party membership dwindles.
This link between inequality and health standards is relatively familiar. What is much less appreciated is just how strongly levels of inequality are correlated with other social outcomes – which in turn mean that inequality is bad not just for those at the bottom of the pile but for everyone. Unequal societies function badly. Violence is more common in societies where income differences are larger. About half the variation in homicide rates between different states or provinces in the US and Canada is accounted for by differences in levels of equality. Most criminologists regard this relationship as the most firmly established link between homicide and any environmental factor. Levels of imprisonment in a country can be shown to be related to income inequality and levels of literacy and mathematical ability – which are themselves closely linked to inequality. This link between violence and inequality is not just exhibited in murder rates; it reaches all the way along the 'spectrum of hostility'. Both racial hostility and discrimination against women in US states is greater where inequality is higher. One British survey in the 1990s showed that families living on less than £10,000 a year were more than twice as likely to have daily arguments as those living on more than £20,000. Perhaps most striking of all for Liberal Democrats, the extent to which communities work as communities is also highly correlated with levels of equality. In the US, levels of trust between individuals – the essential underpinning of any functioning community – can be shown to be higher in the more equal states. In the most equal states, only 10 or 15 per cent of the population feel they cannot trust others, while in the most unequal ones the proportion rises to 35 or 40 per cent. The US Professor Robert Putnam has worked on people's involvement in community life, using a range of indicators, including the proportion of people belonging to voluntary groups and associations, propensity to vote in local elections, and readership of local newspapers. In Italy, he showed that involvement was highest where inequality was lowest. Although there was a tendency for local government performance to be better where the region in question was richer, a stronger correlation could be demonstrated with his index of 'civic community', which was in turn linked to equality.
Why is there such a pervasive relationship between inequality and social outcomes? The underlying reason, it is believed, is the stress caused by living at the bottom of the pecking order, on the lowest rung – the continuous stress of low social status, disrespect and exclusion. Humans are a social species, and the quality of the social relations we experience matters enormously. Feelings of shame and embarrassment are powerful ones, and in extreme cases can lead to violence. Similarly, in Britain today, small premature babies are not, with a few exceptions, caused by bad diet – even poor nutrition, by British standards, will rarely harm a foetus. It is stress in pregnancy that does the real damage, and the poorer the mother, the more likely she is to be stressed. This is hugely important – maternal stress in pregnancy affects the son or daughter throughout their life, from behavioural patterns to standards of health to life expectancy. And these are further affected, of course, by stress levels in the children themselves. An orphanage in post-war Germany found that children on the same diet were found to have grown most under the kindest matron and least under the unkindest matron. The stress hormone cortisol appears to be responsible. Cortisol is the most important hormone involved in preparing the body for sustained physical activity in meeting a threat. It shifts the body's functions away from housekeeping activities like digestion, energy storage, fighting infection and growth – a sensible move when fleeing from a predator or an enemy, but of less use in dealing with pervasive shame and disrespect. Long-term elevation of cortisol levels impairs immune system efficiency, raises blood pressure, causes diabetes and arteriosclerosis – and reduces birth weight amongst the children of stressed mothers. How can stress levels be reduced? Primarily through improving the quality of social relations. We need to build a society which relies less on social status and more on friendship, which tend to vary inversely. Status and friendship have their roots in fundamentally different ways of resolving the problem of competition for scarce resources. Status is based on pecking order, coercion and privileged access to resources, while friendship is based on a more egalitarian basis of social obligations and reciprocity. Lynne Featherstone's chapter in this book explores this theme in more detail. It is a complicated and difficult area for government to be involved in, but an important one. Here I concentrate on the extent to which the reduction of income and wealth inequality can contribute to this strategy.
So tackling inequality is hugely important for those at the bottom of the income and wealth distribution, those lacking disposable income and assets and, furthermore, trapped by social immobility, where too much of an individual's future is determined before she is born. It is also important for the rest of us, for those lucky enough to live on a reasonably decent income and to enjoy possession of some level of assets, but who nevertheless exist in the middle of a broken society, riven by distrust, unhappiness and failing communities. That's fine in practice; how does it work in theory? Aren't Liberals more concerned with freedom than with equality? Don't we fear that too much attention to equality risks creating a society of dull uniformity, where initiative, choice and innovation are frowned upon? No. The Liberal commitment to equality derives from the Liberal commitment to freedom; it is neither separate from it nor subordinate to it. This belief can be traced right back through the long history of British Liberalism, and can perhaps best be expressed as a commitment to equality of justice. ((See Duncan Brack and Richard Grayson, 'Equality', in Duncan Brack and Ed Randall (eds.), Dictionary of Liberal Thought (Politico's, 2007).)) The fundamental belief in freedom leads logically to a corresponding belief in a diverse and tolerant society, where individuals are able to exercise freedom of choice, conscience and thought. Since such a society cannot exist where individuals are treated differently by the law or by government institutions because of their nature, 'equality before the law' has been one of the great rallying cries of Liberalism, from the earliest days of the Whigs in the seventeenth century. The French Revolutionary slogan of 'liberty, equality, fraternity' (transposed in the Liberal Democrat constitution into 'liberty, equality, community') was not simply a list of three separate words; the three concepts interlinked and reinforced each other. 'Liberty' did not mean merely the freedom of choice that consumers experience in modern market democracies – it meant not being subordinate to arbitrary power, whether exercised by monarchy, aristocracy or clergy. The concept of freedom was very closely bound up with the extent of differences in social status and social exclusion, and the belief in equality (and in fraternity) in the levelling of those differences. This Liberal belief in equality was expressed in the nineteenth century primarily through the removal of barriers – to the right to vote, to the right to practise one's beliefs free of discrimination, to the right to trade freely across national borders. From the end of the century onwards, however, it became obvious that this was no longer enough. Industrialisation, urbanisation and the drastic changes in the structures of society that resulted had led to the spread of poverty, slums, ignorance and disease. Not only were these all serious impediments to freedom, to the ability of people genuinely to exercise control over their own lives and destinies, but they were also impediments that it was difficult, if not impossible, for the affected individual to remove by themselves. Negative liberty, the removal of constraints on the individual, would not necessarily lead to freedom of choice for all, as not everyone enjoyed access to the same opportunities; freedom of choice was therefore heavily constrained.
Or, as it is more commonly attributed, 'liberty without equality is a name of noble sound and squalid result'. This belief underpinned the system of redistributive taxation and social services which Labour built on after 1945 and which brought Britain to its lowest level of inequality – until Thatcherite Conservativism came to reverse the achievements of the previous seventy years.
Thatcherism did not, of course, appear out of thin air. The growth in the size of the state throughout the twentieth century, partly consequent on its new welfare role, led to new problems, including the increased power of bureaucracies, and the infringement on civil liberties that may entail, the tendency for elites to capture elements of state power (leading to market distortions such as subsidies), the growth of corporatism, a rising burden of taxation, and so on. The centralised and directive state that Labour built – very different from that which the Liberal Party would have created – helped to create the Thatcherite backlash, and its consequent legacy of inequality. So, in taking action to reduce inequality, it is important that we do not simply recreate the centralised state. Many chapters in this book stress the need for a more decentralised, responsive and participatory structure and style of government. It is not just the structure and size of the state, however, that is the problem. More fundamentally, the redistribution of resources needed to reduce inequality must, to the greatest extent possible, equalise conditions (or endowments, or birthrights), while respecting choices. There are two main reasons why inequality may exist. First, because individuals choose different lifestyles. I have worked all my life in the voluntary sector; I have had fulfilling jobs, for the party, for a trade union and for a think-tank, but I have been consistently paid less than my university friends who went into the civil service, or law, or public relations. That was my choice, and I don't regret it (usually). Given the ability to choose freely, people can and should choose different types of jobs, or different mixes of work and leisure. No system of redistribution should counteract that, or reduce the incentives for effort and enterprise. What we are concerned with, of course, is the inequality which stems from the unequal distribution of endowments. We have seen already how parents' income, social class and levels of education affect the lifechances of their children, so markedly that this can be measured even by the age of three. Similarly, people experience different levels of health and ability and access to knowledge, generally through no choice of their own. Liberals have always opposed vigorously discrimination based on gender or race or sexuality or disability; should we not also oppose just as vigorously discrimination based on inherited poverty and ignorance? The trick, of course, is to create a system that redistributes resources while preserving choice and incentives. This is not easy, either in practice or in theory, though it has occupied the time of many of the liberal thinkers of the later twentieth century. ((For summaries of their thinking, see the relevant entries in Brack and Randall (eds.) Dictionary of Liberal Thought; and Will Kymlicka, Contemporary Political Philosophy (OUP, 2nd ed., 2002), particularly Chapter 2, 'Liberal Equality'.)) John Rawls developed his 'difference principle', which stated that inequality could only be justifiable if it proved to be to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society. Perhaps more importantly, Ronald Dworkin's theory of distributive justice, or equality of resources, claims that how people fare in life should, as far as possible, depend on their ambition, or personality, but not on their endowment, or circumstances. Dworkin defended the postwar structure of progressive taxation, unemployment insurance and universal health provision, while at the same time arguing for the option to buy private health insurance, in order to maximise choice. A series of further writers, including Bruce Ackerman, Philippe van Parijs and John Roemer, have suggested various means of putting Dworkin's approach into practice. This includes, most commonly, the idea of allocating some form of basic income or ownership of wealth to every citizen, regardless of their status. Roemer has argued for a programme of 'compensatory education', investing more in the education of children from poorer families and communities. What these approaches have in common is their aim of giving everyone a more equal share of society's resources, and thus a fair start in life. As R. H. Tawney observed, opportunities depend 'not only upon an open road, but upon an equal start'. ((R. H. Tawney, The Acquisitive Society (G. Bell & Sons, London, 1921).)) This is more than just the traditional Liberal approach of aiming to guarantee equality of opportunity (the 'open road'); we recognise that whatever people choose to do later in their life, it is socially just to start them from a position where they have as equal as possible a prospect for a good life (the 'equal start').
It should be obvious, then, why Liberals should support a substantial reduction in inequality. First, because it is an important extension of freedom for those suffering from low levels of income, wealth, education, etc., though no fault of their own – the equality of justice argument. In that sense, It's About Freedom was right to point out that equality is important because it promotes liberty. Clearly, though, if income and wealth are to be redistributed, some people will have their freedom restricted, for example by being subject to higher levels of taxation. The classical utilitarian argument in favour of this is that the marginal utility of income decreases as income increases – i.e. an extra £1,000 a year is worth a lot more to someone living on £10,000 a year than it is to someone on £100,000. In addition, however, as I have tried to show above, there are direct benefits to everyone, no matter what their levels of income and wealth, from living in a more equal society. Lower levels of crime and anti-social behaviour, stronger political institutions, and more thriving communities provide a benefit to set against the cost of redistribution. Thus, once again, equality promotes liberty, in that a well-functioning society provides an easier and better environment in which to live. And a more equal society is probably a more economically efficient one too. Higher levels of inequality tend to lead to lower educational attainments, on average, wasting the talents of those at the bottom of the pile. A focus on the equality agenda will be essential to deal successfully with the pressures of competition from the developing world (particularly China and India) and economic migration – both clearly of benefit to world development and to the migrants themselves, but both also leading to downward pressures on wages for the low-skilled in developed economies, including the UK. Once again, equality promotes liberty by spreading prosperity. At this point opponents of reducing inequality will generally come up with the argument that the danger of pursuing equality is that in practice it limits liberty, stifling initiative, destroying the incentive to work, and generating uniformity. This may be true, at least in theory, if equality is pursued as an end in itself, regardless of the consequences. But why should we do that? One could just as well criticise the pursuit of freedom as a dangerous slippery slope. No one (no Liberal, at least) quarrels with the need to force people to drive on the left, be educated to a minimum age or pay taxes – yet we can still regard liberty, or freedom, as one of the party's fundamental principles. We do not pursue it to its extreme conclusion any more than we need pursue equality – or, indeed, community. The question then becomes, how much equality is enough? It is hardly necessary for Liberals to give a precise answer, any more than they need answer how much freedom is enough, or how much community. I would settle for the levels of equality seen in most of the Scandinavian states, but in the mean time Britain is so far away from that level that it would take a government dedicated to reducing inequality many, many years to reach it – so let us at least make a start. The reality is that the degrees and forms of freedom, equality and community that best suit a country at any particular point in time will vary, and will themselves depend on circumstances and political compromises. If you want a theoretical answer, though, I would argue that it is not the difference in outcomes that derives from individual preferences that should worry us; rather, it is the inequality in outcomes that arises from the structures of society which should, as far as possible, be eliminated. Different outcomes should be the result of choice, not inheritance. Liberty and equality are not a zero-sum game; on the contrary, the ability to enjoy the opportunities provided by a democratic society is increased by the redistribution of wealth and power. Equality is not just another desirable objective in the party's list of three, but the essential precondition for liberty and community. Too much inequality limits freedom and destroys community.
Undoubtedly there is much more that needs to be added to this programme – but much of this is already party policy, or has been at various points in the recent past. Perhaps my main conclusion is that the party needs to talk about it all more. As I observed above, Liberal Democrats tend to talk about 'freedom' and 'community' much more than 'equality'. The party's new tax package, although it is more redistributive than the old one, does not look like it very obviously. The party runs the risk of failing to engage with the electorate about why redistribution is so necessary, leaving the field open for our opponents to focus only on perceived negatives around such policies. As Steve Webb has written, 'a comprehensive expression of liberalism must not simply accommodate fairness as some reluctant and unwelcome travelling companion, but must embrace it as an indispensable partner'. ((Steve Webb, 'Free to be fair or fair to be free?', in Margo (ed.), Beyond Liberty, p. 135.)) Furthermore – and this is the final reason for advocating a greater emphasis on reducing inequality – it should be popular with the kind of people who are likely to vote for us, generally highly educated, socially liberal and progressive, concerned about the quality of life, not just personal consumption. Private polling for the party before the 2005 election suggested that the 'fairness' component of the 'freedom, fairness, trust' slogan used in the run-up to the election resonated well with the electorate. It made a welcome return in the 2006 policy review document Trust in People: Make Britain Free, Fair and Green, and we should keep it. Because the equality agenda is all about fairness. An unequal society is not a fair one. Too many of its members start off hobbled by inherited disadvantages which are enormously difficult, by themselves, to remove. Almost all of its members are affected by the breakdown in neighbourliness and social cohesion which they did nothing to choose themselves. A stress on fairness would resonate with these people – and, possibly, already does. The coverage given to the Treasury Select Committee investigation into the private equity industry is one symptom; Harriet Harman's condemnation of a £10,000 handbag is another. No minister today would dare repeat Peter Mandelson's affection for people 'getting filthy rich'. Opinion polling regularly shows that a substantial percentage – 73 per cent of people in 2004 – considers the gap between those with high and those with low incomes to be too large. ((Michael Orton and Karen Rowlingson, Public Attitudes to Economic Inequality (Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2007).)) Can the other parties adopt this agenda? David Cameron has argued that society is 'broken'. As we have seen, in many ways it is, but it is almost impossible to see even Cameron arguing for the fundamental redistribution of income and wealth than is needed to help heal it. Labour under Gordon Brown could go further – though it was the government in which he was Chancellor that failed to do more than reduce inequality marginally, and has seen social mobility levels decline. Furthermore, part of the fairness agenda is about democratic and civic equality, building on and supporting the redistribution of income and wealth by a redistribution and decentralisation of political power – not a subject Labour is particularly familiar with. A hundred years ago the New Liberals faced many of the same challenges of deeply ingrained inequality as we see today. They rose to this challenge, recognising that however much one removed constraints upon individual liberty, there were some things that individuals could not accomplish by themselves – and therefore could not be truly free. Now we face the same challenge, to accept that there is a limit to what we can do to promote health and well-being, reduce violence and disorder and build functioning communities without tackling the underlying problem of a deeply unequal society, where social relations are dysfunctional and the stress of low social status, disrespect and exclusion is widespread. We need to accept the central role that the assault on inequality plays in all our attempts to promote both liberty and community. They can't be won without it.


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text:
Man United star Bailly eases injury fears
Manchester United defender Eric Bailly has taken to social media, to assure fans of the club that they need not fret over his fitness.
Bailly forced off
Bailly was one of a host of Red Devils stars to depart for international duty this week.
The 26-year-old, after working his way back into the starting XI at Old Trafford of late, was called up by Ivory Coast boss Patrice Beaumelle for the Elephants' latest round of fixtures.
Ahead of the country's upcoming African Nations qualifiers next month, the Ivory Coast scheduled a pair of friendly outings, versus Belgium and Japan.
The first took place on Thursday night, with Beaumelle's men having emerged from their meeting with the World's top-rated side with a reputable 1-1 draw.
One concern on an otherwise positive evening for the Elephants, however, came on the personnel front.
After going to ground clutching his hamstring, the aforementioned Bailly was eventually forced off to be replaced by Odilon Kossounou with 70 minutes on the clock.
BRUSSELS, BELGIUM – OCTOBER 8: Hans Vanaken of Belgium between Geoffroy Serey-Die and Eric Bailly of Ivory Coast during the International friendly match between Belgium and Ivory Coast at King Baudouin Stadium on October 8, 2020 in Brussels, Belgium. (Photo by Jean Catuffe/Getty Images)
'Perfectly fine'
As such, on the back of Thursday night's clash, fears had since spread amongst the Manchester United faithful that Bailly's problem may see him ruled out for an extended period over the coming weeks.
If the latest update on the part of the stopper himself is anything to go by, however, then fans of the Red Devils need not worry.
Taking to Instagram on Friday, Bailly posted a positive message, confirming that his exit versus Belgium came as little more than a precaution, amid a bout of fatigue:
'Thanks for worrying about me. But I feel perfectly fine, just fatigue.'
📝 A fitness update from @EricBailly24 👇#MUFC
— Manchester United (@ManUtd) October 9, 2020
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Manchester United defender Eric Bailly has taken to social media, to assure fans of the club that they need not fret over his fitness. Bailly forced off Bailly was one of a host of Red Devils stars to depart for international duty this week. The 26-year-old, after working his way back into the starting XIFootball (soccer) greatest goals and highlights | 101 Great Goals – Feed
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Theresa Spence Says Hunger Strike's Effect On Her Health Means Meeting With Harper Must Come Soon
Heather Scoffield, The Canadian Press CP
OTTAWA - Efforts to broker a solution to end a 24-day-old hunger strike by Attawapiskat Chief Theresa Spence have foundered.
First Nations leaders had initially proposed a Jan. 24 meeting with Prime Minister Stephen Harper and Gov. Gen. David Johnson, and took their proposal to Spence's teepee on Thursday afternoon.
But Spence told the aboriginal leaders Thursday that her failing health means she can't wait that long for assurances that her concerns about treaty rights will be addressed.
"She remains committed, she remains strong and she remains steadfast in what she is setting out to do," said Stan Louttit, grand chief of the Mushkegowuk Council, which includes the Attawapiskat First Nation.
"She is determined that a meeting with the prime minister is paramount and of utmost importance immediately."
Spence has been subsisting mainly on fish broth since Dec. 11, huddling in a tent on frozen Victoria Island on the Ottawa River, just beyond Parliament Hill.
Spence has no problem with First Nations leaders meeting with Harper in a few weeks time, Louttit said, but she wants to be included in a preliminary meeting well before then.
"I think what is required for the life of these individuals here, for the life of the chief, is that there needs to be a meeting with the prime minister soon, within the next two or three days. Her life is on the line," said Louttit.
"From a human perspective and as a leader of this nation, he has a duty — a moral duty as a father and a husband — to listen and be able to meet with Chief Spence so that she can finish what she has set out to do."
Louttit and other top Ontario chiefs travelled to Ottawa to strategize with Assembly of First Nations Chief Shawn Atleo on Thursday in hopes of clarifying Spence's demands and laying the groundwork for a compromise that would end her hunger strike.
But before their discussions began, Atleo issued an early-morning news release urging Harper and Johnston to meet with him and others on Jan. 24 — the one-year anniversary of Harper's summit with chiefs.
"First Nations across this country have been voicing concern and frustration with a broken system that does not address long-standing disparities between First Nations and the rest of Canada," Atleo said in the statement.
"There is no excuse for inaction either by First Nations leadership or by Canada."
A meeting with chiefs to mark the one-year anniversary of the Crown First Nations Gathering would have given Harper a graceful way to diffuse the conflict, but even before Harper had a chance to say yes or no to the invitation, Spence had declared it a non-starter.
A spokesman for Harper never did give a straight answer.
"We will reply to Chief Atleo in due course. The government remains willing to work with the First Nations leadership to deliver better outcomes for First Nations communities," spokesman Carl Vallee said in an email.
Government insiders say they are struggling to figure out exactly what Spence wants. And First Nations leaders have also recognized that they need to hash out a coherent list of expectations that would help the public make sense of the hunger strike as well as the Idle No More grassroots protests that have spread across the country and beyond.
"We have to co-ordinate the messaging," said Chief Isadore Day of the Serpent River First Nation in northern Ontario.
Day and other chiefs have been burning up the phone lines for the past week, trying to smooth over rifts between the grassroots protesters and the First Nations leadership, while also negotiating a concrete list of key issues that could be taken to a meeting with Harper.
On Thursday night, Day issued a public call for peace and unity among chiefs, protesters and the Canadian public.
At the heart of Spence's protest are treaty rights, said Ontario Regional Chief Stan Beardy, and that issue needs to be deal with on a nation-to-nation basis.
"It's not just a bureaucratic process she is looking for."
Aboriginal Affairs Minister John Duncan has offered many times to meet with Spence, and has also offered to set up a working group to deal with treaty rights. But the chiefs say they have waited long enough for concrete government action.
Treaties were signed decades ago, and governments have not lived up to their side of the bargain, leaving First Nations without much power to deal with poverty, protect the environment, and provide for their children, Day added.
Spence has warned there will be more unrest, including "countrywide economic disturbances," unless Harper meets her.
Atleo, however, stressed the need for peaceful protest and concrete solutions.
"It's time for the Crown to honour its relationship and responsibilities to First Nations starting with the recognition and affirmation of our inherent and treaty rights,"he said.
"It's time for all First Nations citizens and their leaders to drive solutions."
Photo gallery Idle No More: In Photos See Gallery
Idle No More: In Photos
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Quiet Lunch Magazine ‡ April 12th, 2013. - April 25th, 2013.
Quiet Lunch Magazine ‡ April 12th, 2013. – April 25th, 2013.
We're getting back into the "spring" of things with this issue. The weather is getting warmer and this playground of a city is buzzing with the sound of grown children once again!
Centered around renewal and rebirth, this issue features a too cool interview with New York City photographer, Christian Coleman. We catch up with new school rhyme slinger, Cakes Da Killa at ROX NYC. Michael Del Priore introduces us to the world of digital concert going. Our Editor in Chief, Akeem K. Duncan, hits Stux Gallery for Kathy Ruttenberg's Nature of the Beast–and he also checks out Die Wanderkammer at The Lodge where he interviews artist, Paul Brainard.


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Real life and holding patterns
Published February 22, 2016 | By leechaos
As you may have noticed, we haven't updated the site for a while – there has been a lot of real life breaking through our art bubble of late which has required us to act like normal, fully functional and productive members of society. But enough of that, you don't come here for the mundane stuff…
temp0rary are slowly coming out of hibernation and warming up for the year ahead – there's been a sudden outbreak of sketching new musical ideas, we've had a bit of a think about the lighting for live shows, bids have started to go in for new projects, and we are setting up some exciting collaborations for 2016. We hope to share some videos of work in progress in the coming months.


MUMBAI -- The battle to take control of India's second largest hospital chain has grown more intense in the run up to today's company board meeting, with a Chinese group entering the race and a Malaysian rival improving its offer.
The board of Fortis Healthcare will meet later today to consider bids from various suitors.
China's Fosun International has submitted a late bid and Malaysian company IHH Healthcare enhanced its proposal.
The company operates health care delivery services in India, Dubai, Mauritius and Sri Lanka and has a total of 45 facilities, including projects under development, around 10,000 potential beds and 314 diagnostic centers.
On Thursday morning, Fortis informed Indian bourses that IHH and joint bidders Hero Enterprises and Dabur India had submitted revised offers for the company.
IHH has proposed to inject up to 40 billion rupees ($608.2 million) through preferential allotment of shares in an improvement on an earlier offer of 160 rupees per share.
Major Indian industrial groups Hero and Dabur offered to pay 15 billion rupees directly to the company. Earlier, smaller rival Manipal Healthcare also revised its offer by 20% to 60 billion rupees after minority shareholders had raised concerns over a low valuation.
The Indian health care market is predicted to grow threefold in value terms to $372 billion by 2022, clocking a compounded annual growth rate of 22%, according to a joint report by industry bodies Assocham and RNCOS.
The three bids were received in a matter of days after the company was put up for sale.
Fortis Healthcare is under investigation by the Indian authorities over allegations of regulatory lapses on transferring funds to companies linked to owners Shivinder Mohan Singh and Malvinder Mohan Singh without board approval.
Japanese pharmaceutical company Daiichi Sankyo, with which the Singh Brothers-linked Ranbaxy Laboratories split acrimoniously in 2015, has approached the Securities and Exchange Board of India requesting the sale of Fortis be blocked, claiming it would violate court orders by including the assets of the hospitals.
Malivinder Singh and Shivinder Singh resigned from the board of Fortis Healthcare in February after the Delhi High Court upheld the 35 billion rupees international arbitration case award in favour of Daiichi Sankyo.
Whichever bidder wins out will be able to take advantage of one of the fastest growing sectors in India, an industry with high entry barriers due to considerable investment requirements, according to industry sources.
"The controversy against the owners notwithstanding, Fortis is the best asset currently with its large network and infrastructure," said a source with extensive knowledge of the industry.
According to global consulting company Deloitte, the Indian health care sector has been growing at a double-digit rate due to an increase in disposable income and greater health insurance coverage. Other contributing factors include a rise in the number of cases of lifestyle diseases, increased life expectancy and a boom in medical tourism.
However, providing access to high-quality, affordable health care is a challenge in many parts of the country. Deloitte estimates that, with less than 1 physician per 1,000 people, India is well behind its peers and needs an additional 3.6 million hospital beds to reach the capacity it requires.
"Only about 27% of India's population is covered by any form of health insurance and the out-of-pocket expenditure on health is 62.4% in India as compared to the world average of 18.2%," it said in a note.
According to PwC India, access to capital has been one of the biggest hurdles to growth. Currently, the Indian government spends about 1% of gross domestic product on health care, but the country's National Health Policy aims at increasing this to 2.5% by 2025.
"The National Health protection scheme will greatly enhance assesibility to care for over 400 million Indians," said Rana Mehta, Partner and Leader Healthcare, PwC India. "While the demand for healthcare has risen exponentially supply side constraints continue to slow the growth especially in the rural areas".
Private sector participation has been a major boost to delivery, at least in urban centers. In the past decade, there has been considerable interest from private players and an increase in foreign direct investment.
In 2015, IHH Healthcare bought a 73.4% stake in Ravindranath GE Medical Associates, which ran the Global Hospitals brand, for 12.84 billion rupees. Fosun International acquired a 74% stake in Gland Pharma for $1.1 billion last year.
Bangalore-based Sakra is 100% owned by Japan's Toyota Tsusho and Secom Hospital.


The game is played with a set of 16 balls, 1 cue ball and 15 coloured balls, and numbered 1-15. The table marker throws an alley (a numbered token) to each intending player for his/her rotation in playing. When all names are taken down, the alleys are returned and pool money collected. The marker then throws and alley to each player in the same order as marked in his book. The alleys are then placed in the box according to playing order. (e.g. 1st player in the number 1 spot, 2nd player in number 2 spot etc), and the first player commences play by breaking the balls from the "D". The cue ball must strike one cushion before coming in contact with pool balls. The first player to pocket the ball on the table with the number corresponding to his alley wins the pool and the game is over. A player may pocket any ball on the table other than the cue ball, and continues his/her play until he/she misses pocketing a ball or plays a foul shot. Should he/she pocket a ball other then his/her own, but one of which no player has the alley of that number, he/she gains nothing but continues their stroke. If another player has the alley corresponding to the ball pocketed, than he/she pays the player striking half pool – i.e. 5 cent pool, 2 cent, and so on, but takes his/her own turn when it comes. Any ball once in the pocket by fair shot remains there and does not come back into play during the game. If a ball is pocketed on foul shot, then it is placed on the table on the pink spot, or if that is covered, behind it and as close as possible to it. Immediately after a foul shot has been played, the next player commences play. If another player desires to join the game he/she may do so by paying double or treble pool entrance fee. The new player takes last alley thrown for position.
If the cue ball does not strike a numbered ball the shot is replayed but does not count and the next player commences play. Any player's balls potted on the second shot are spotted on the pink spot.
If cue ball is potted, the player stops, and the next player commences from the "D" and can play at any ball on the table.
Should the player pocket the cue ball as well as his/her own ball or any other ball in the same stroke; it is a foul stroke and does not count.
Any ball pocketed under above shots are re-spotted and next player plays.
Rules governing foul shots in billiards: e.g. both feet off the floor, moving the cue ball in act of striking, push shots etc, constitute a foul.
Golf Pool is a money game played by amateurs. Golf lends a few concepts to golf pool. One point that golf pool shares with golf is the fact it can be played by more than 2 players without the need for teams or other rules changes. In the context of a billiards crowd or a pool hall, the game is simply called golf.
Golf pool needs no other equipment than a standard game of eight-ball. Players will need cue sticks, a cue ball, 15 object balls and a billiard table. Golf pool can be played either on a snooker table or an American billiards table.
In golf pool, each pocket is given its own number designation. These pockets are numbered in a clockwise pattern, from 1 to 6. The first person to pocket their ball in all six pockets wins. The shooters must pocket their ball in ascending fashion, from 1 to 2 to 3 and so on.
To keep track of which player is which, each player chooses one of the numbered balls to act as his personal shooting ball for the game.
A shooter begins his turn in golf pool by placing his object ball on the foot spot.
The shooter then places the cue ball in the "kitchen", or the area behind the head string on the billiards table. In England or a place with a snooker table, the shooter might be required to place the cue ball in the D area. The D-area is the semicircle found in the kitchen connecting to the head string line.
If a shooter pockets the object ball in the 1-hole, he or she places it on the foot spot again and tries to pot the ball in the 2-hole. This continues until the shooter misses. In this way, it is possible for the first player to win without the others getting a shot.
When the shooter misses, the next shooter takes a turn. This player shoots the ball from the kitchen or D-area. Please note that when a player misses, that player's object ball remains on the table.
Each player gets to start their first turn by shooting the cue ball from behind the head string. After the first round of turns, though, the cue ball remains on the table wherever it comes to rest. If a player pockets the cue ball, the next player shoots from the kitchen again.
If a player commits a foul, then the next player to shoot is allowed to remove any balls that snooker or block his object ball. After the shot, the obstructing ball must be replaced.
This rule is one of the few times balls can be moved from the table in billiards games.
When one player legally pockets his object ball in the 6-hole, the game is over and that player wins.
Each foul costs a certain point value. A foul point total for each player is kept. This count is usually called a hickey count.
Also, the player who ends the game by pocketing the ball in the 6-hole is also awarded a certain number of hickey points. These point values change from one house game to the next.
Once the game is over, players pay up by figuring out the difference in the various players' hickey points. The relative difference is how the price is figured, with a set amount of money for each relative hickey point.
If you knock any ball off the table, this is a foul in golf pool. Object balls are placed on the foot spot. The cue ball is ball-in-hand behind the head string.
If you pocket the object ball in the wrong numbered hole, this is a foul.
If you fail to hit your object ball first when shooting, this is a foul.
If you don't contact a rail cushion with the cue ball after it strikes the object ball, or you don't contact the cushion with the object ball after it was struck by the cue ball or you don't pot the object ball, this is considered a foul.


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Shōryū-ji (青龍寺 kana: しょうりゅうじ) is a Shingon Buddhist Temple located in Tosa, Kōchi, Japan. It is the 36th temple of the Shikoku Pilgrimage.

The Honzon of worship at Shōryū-ji is Acala.

History
According to the temple records, the temple was founded by Kukai during the Kōnin era (810-824). Following his travels to China, upon returning to Japan with the knowledge that Kukai's teacher Huiguo had bestowed upon him, Kukai grasped his vajra, prayed that he had arrived in a land he was destined to, and threw it eastwards.

Kukai sensed that the vajra he had thrown was inside a pine tree of the mountain Shōryū-ji is located on, and reported to Emperor Saga. During the 6th year of the Kounin era (815), remembering his master's teachings, Kukai founded the construction of Shoryu-ji, which shared the same name as his masters temple in Chang-an, Qinglong Temple (青龍寺). The Honzon Acala was chosen due to an experience Kukai had during a storm while returning to Japan, in which Acala was said to have appeared and cut the waves with a sword, saving them, which Kukai had carved as the Honzon.

The temple was in ruins by the beginning of the Edo period (1603-1868), but the second feudal lord of the Tosa domain, Yamauchi Tadayoshi, had it restored during the Shōhō era (1644-1648). However, due to an earthquake and tsunami in 1707, it was rebuilt near the end of the Edo period.

References

Buddhist temples in Japan
Tosa, Kōchi
Shikoku region

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Progressive development of the rat osteoblast phenotype in vitro: reciprocal relationships in expression of genes associated with osteoblast proliferation and differentiation during formation of the bone extracellular matrix
Thomas A. Owen, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolFollow
Michael A. Aronow, University of Massachusetts Medical School
Victoria Shalhoub, University of Massachusetts Medical Center
Leesa M. Barone, University of Massachusetts Medical School
Laurens G. Wilming, University of Massachusetts Medical School
Melissa S. Tassinari, Drug Safety Evaluation Central Reserach
Mary Beth Kennedy, University of Massachusetts Medical School
Shirwin M. Pockwinse, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolFollow
Department of Cell Biology; Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Development; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Collagen; Down-Regulation; Extracellular Matrix; Gene Expression; Histocytochemistry; Osteoblasts; Osteopontin; Phenotype; RNA; Rats; Sialoglycoproteins
The relationship of cell proliferation to the temporal expression of genes characterizing a developmental sequence associated with bone cell differentiation was examined in primary diploid cultures of fetal calvarial derived osteoblasts by the combined use of autoradiography, histochemistry, biochemistry, and mRNA assays of osteoblast cell growth and phenotypic genes. Modifications in gene expression define a developmental sequence that has 1) three principle periods--proliferation, extracellular matrix maturation, and mineralization--and 2) two restriction points to which the cells can progress but cannot pass without further signals--the first when proliferation is down-regulated and gene expression associated with extracellular matrix maturation is induced, and the second when mineralization occurs. Initially, actively proliferating cells, expressing cell cycle- and cell growth-regulated genes, produce a fibronectin/type I collagen extracellular matrix. A reciprocal and functionally coupled relationship between the decline in proliferative activity and the subsequent induction of genes associated with matrix maturation and mineralization is supported by 1) a temporal sequence of events in which there is an enhanced expression of alkaline phosphatase immediately following the proliferative period, and later, an increased expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin at the onset of mineralization; 2) increased expression of a specific subset of osteoblast phenotype markers, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin, when proliferation is inhibited by hydroxyurea; and 3) enhanced levels of expression of the osteoblast markers as a function of ascorbic acid-induced collagen deposition, suggesting that the extracellular matrix contributes to both the shutdown of proliferation and the development of the osteoblast phenotype.
10.1002/jcp.1041430304
J Cell Physiol. 1990 Jun;143(3):420-30. Link to article on publisher's site
Journal of cellular physiology
Owen TA, Aronow MA, Shalhoub V, Barone LM, Wilming LG, Tassinari MS, Kennedy M, Pockwinse SM, Lian JB, Stein GS. (1990). Progressive development of the rat osteoblast phenotype in vitro: reciprocal relationships in expression of genes associated with osteoblast proliferation and differentiation during formation of the bone extracellular matrix. Stein, Stein, Lian, vanWijnen Lab Publications. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041430304. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/stein/124


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A dog leg to the right (part 2) by DoctorMikeReddy
"Pob lwc." the elder of Saint Joseph's had wished me, after his strange warning. I presumed he meant for my first Mass to be held, as traditional, at Midnight on Christmas Eve. It went well, the service, with a fuller than expected attendance, to see the 'new man', I presumed.
Later, sat still in just the candle light, I sighed, thinking I'd found a final home. It was then that the Bwgan Fawr sighed too. A man of middling years, he seemed, from one of the middling centuries, but as translucent as chip paper fat.
He pointed at the great...
0 | 30 | 25 days ago
A dog leg to the right by DoctorMikeReddy
"Beware the Bwgan Fawr." the old Vicar sighed. "Every chapel has to have its 'Ysbryd capel'…"
"Its chapel ghost?" the younger clergyman replied. His pronunciation was still more 'gog', more Northern, than the man he was replacing felt comfortable with. Too… foreign. If such a phrase could be used for a fellow Welshman.
A shame, his body was found the morning after his first Midnight Mass. Just outside the chapel door, lying as if it had carried a great weight across the threshold, and then collapsed with the release of his burden. A heart attack, they said. Strange in someone...
Marvel x DC Fanfiction. I'm stonger than you think I am. by _dramione_101
I haven't had any nightmares since my sister was locked up. Now I have it all because I killed him. But it was all a mistake.
The air around me turned into ice. My body felt as though it was weighted by meteorites. I lifted my throbbing head as my eyes trailed around my surroundings: a stone-cold room with fluorescent lights that smelled like sadness. I tried wiggling my hands, only being greeted by a rustle of platinum chains. This does not look like Washington. Where am I? Who would capture me? I did nothing wrong. Not since him.
"Diana...
0 | 333 | 4 months ago
The Long Way Round by DoctorMikeReddy
"We are such stuff as dreams are made of." Smith quipped. "The Tempest. Act four…"
"…Scene one. And it's 'on' not 'of'." I retorted. "It continues. And our little life is rounded with a sleep."
Smith snorted. "Ever the pessimist. And yet." He paused for effect. "I propose to travel forward in Time by one second."
"Smith, you can't. Except by the traditional route. Which just takes one second to do. Except we are moving in Space-Time. Not just Time. Only light can do that without feeling the time pass."
Smith shrugged. I tried to explain. "The Earth spins 460m/s....
Bug dead by sjmackay
Once upon a time there was a bug who wanted to live on my finger. I called the little fella over and asked him to stay a while. This all started when my father said to never touch a big because it might bite you. After he died, I decided to ask bugs to come over and sit for anhile. It made it easier to think about my sorrow. I named the different bugs, every single one of them. One bugs name was idiot. He sat there as I picked off a wing. The other wing was still there. It...
Anti-Social Media by DoctorMikeReddy
It was rather like being a ghost. Vicarious snooping. A social media haunting (stalking?). The only way to keep in touch with the untouchable children, who were no longer part of life. Maybe, the FaceBook groups should have been diplomatically UNLIKEd, given that they were only there because of previous parental responsibilities. Or the Messenger App blocked, due to ocassional earthquake requests, unsettling and unfooting in their simple, direct, but untimely demands.
Finding out a once was daughter has the lead in her drama group's next production, via accidental browsing of a stream. Realising another was home from university, only...
0 | 711 | 10 months ago
Dad Tokens - Spend wisely by DoctorMikeReddy
The conversation lasted two words: "Too much." Too much pain? Too much regret? Too much suffering. And who's? From twenty nine hour a day parenting to none, in the space of one brief, bitter phone call. "We don't want to live with you, Dad. We want to live with Mam, fulltime." And then a long overdue pause of a pregnancy, waiting for the response. Not sure if it would be explosive rage, reprisals and recriminations, or sad acceptance. All that came was the dialing tone. It spoke more eloquently than any words would have done. One more abandonment, in a...
Write Now... by DoctorMikeReddy
The writers club - writer's club? writers' club? - started amicably enough. Geoff (Murder Mysteries and Historical romps) had searched his family tree back to the 1500s. Seranne (interesting name. A story there...) was nervious that we'd fit round the long raised table, with laptops and notepads, etc, and threw the odd curt look at the young couple inhabiting the corner, uninvited, and unaware. Jen set to work, with numerous hand written notes, while Rachel tapped discreetly away on her duck egg blue Huddl; only the second I'd ever seen not forlornly sat on a Tesco back shelf. Non-fiction and...
Sophie by DoctorMikeReddy
"Send me a picture." he'd said. Well, typed. It was that kind of initial flirting request. She had responded with a
and a
and then, eventually, with a selfie.
Analysis of the GPS data encapsulated in the header file, compared with a record of CCTV locations, and her smiling face as a search parameter from stored footage, provided her entry point to the location. Cross-matched with the stored WiFi coordinates her smart phone had used to send the file, the exact location was confirmed. The "Le Poursuivant"
Inspection of the blurred background of the photo matched...
0 | 819 | about 1 year ago
Wavelike Island by Jade
It was an early morning on Wavelike Island. The water was crystal clear and the sky was grey. The water washed up against the shore, creating soothing sounds that echoed all around the Island. The rocks around the island grew more mouldy by the minute from the water crashing up against them. The trees in the distance swayed gently while the sky rumbled with the noise of an oncoming storm.
It started to rain, and a shape appeared in the sky, resembling a bird of some type. People from far away looked at the Island and saw the bird-like shape...
2 | 1010 | over 1 year ago


What has made our marriage last?
How do we keep our love strong?
Married at first sight in 3rd season…do you think it's a good idea to marry someone you've never met/arranged marriages?
Emotional infidelity – confiding in another instead of spouse, emotional affair.
What if you're in a loveless marriage?
What if your spouse has been unfaithful?
What are some of the greatest romances of the Bible?
The church is romanticizing Jesus. Is Jesus our boyfriend?


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Working At Safeguard Scientifics
Safeguard Scientifics overview
Safeguard Scientifics, Inc. (NYSE:SFE) provides growth capital and operational support to entrepreneurial and innovative healthcare and technology companies.
Safeguard Scientifics has been around for a long time. It was founded back in 1953. This established company loves to hire graduates from Pennsylvania State University, with 17.6% of its employees having attended Pennsylvania State University. Safeguard Scientifics is a great place to work and is featured as number 11 on Zippia's list of Best Companies to Work for in Radnor, PA.
A large professional company with 3,000 employees and an annual revenue of $300.0M, Safeguard Scientifics is headquartered in Pennsylvania.
Radnor, PA
safeguard.com
The team at Safeguard Scientifics
Peter Boni (CEO)
What do people say about Safeguard Scientifics
Do you work at Safeguard Scientifics ? Anonymously review Safeguard Scientifics as an Employer.
What Do You Like About Working For Safeguard Scientifics?
Safeguard Scientifics Rankings
Safeguard Scientifics is ranked #11 on the Best Companies to Work For in Radnor, PA list. Zippia's Best Places to Work lists provide unbiased, data-based evaluations of companies. Rankings are based on government and proprietary data on salaries, company financial health, and employee diversity.
#11 in Best Companies to Work For in Radnor, PA
Safeguard Scientifics careers
On average, employees at Safeguard Scientifics stay with the company for 4.1 years.
Tomlinson Industries5.3 years
Safeguard Scientifics
Greylock Management3.5 years
Stevens & Lee P.C.3.4 years
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Safeguard Scientifics Financial Performance
$100M - $1B
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Safeguard Scientifics Competitors
Sullivan & CromwellProfessional Services
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Safeguard Scientifics was founded in 1953.
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Safeguard Scientifics generates $300.0M in revenue.
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Safeguard Scientifics is a public company.
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Safeguard Scientifics competitors include Greylock Management, Stevens & Lee P.C., Tomlinson Industries, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett, Sullivan & Cromwell, Lovell Co, Bracewell LLP, R.D. Offutt Company, Inc., John A Martin & Associates, Clifford Chance, Fox Rothschild, Krieg Devault, Siebert Brandford Shank Co., Castle Harlan, Professional Grounds, Inc., Larkin Hoffman, Davis Polk & Wardwell, Shipman & Goodwin, Acacia Research, Dinsmore & Shohl.
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You can find out what it is like to work at Safeguard Scientifics, also known as SAFEGUARD SCIENTIFICS DELAWARE INC, Safeguard Scientifics, Safeguard Scientifics (Delaware), Inc., Safeguard Scientifics Inc and Safeguard Scientifics, Inc..
Zippia gives an in-depth look into the details of Safeguard Scientifics, including salaries, political affiliations, employee data, and more, in order to inform job seekers about Safeguard Scientifics. The employee data is based on information from people who have self-reported their past or current employments at Safeguard Scientifics. While we have made attempts to ensure that the information displayed are correct, Zippia is not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for the results obtained from the use of this information. The data presented on this page does not represent the view of Safeguard Scientifics and its employees or that of Zippia.


I built my patio nineteen years ago, when I was pregnant with Lindsay, from blocks obtained from an old utility room. For years, hubby has tried to convince me to rip it up, offering to build me a better one. I have refused every time.
It may not be the prettiest thing, but it holds the best memories. My late father-in-law used to come for chats under the oak tree. My kids spent hours going 'round and 'round on their Little Tikes car and motorcycle. We enjoyed birthday parties, late night talks around a fire, and grilled suppers on it. In the summers, I strung lights in the oak, and we enjoyed late night swims. I've wept and prayed, written songs and verse while surveying the beauty of creation.
Every year finds me on hands and knees pulling the weeds from cracks. And every year, my family asks, "Why don't you just spray the weeds?" I point to the flowers. They peer at the flowers growing between the cracks. They understand. They kneel and begin pulling weeds.
The weeds in this life are a nuisance. If I had my choice, I would choose a life without weeds. But the flowers often found among them are precious.
Trials and tests are like those weeds. I would often choose a life without them. But the blessings I have received among them are priceless.
Would you choose a life without weeds if it meant no flowers?
No I would not…. nor would I choose day without night! Excellent point.
Good allegory Gale. Amen to all of the above.


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We operate savings and current accounts, a variety of lending options (personal loans, mortgages, lines of credit, etc.), and credit card services. We have features made possible by the advance of Internet technology, such as Internet Banking which allows the ability to view and interact with accounts online, make deposits and payments via phone or online service, or access automated teller machines (ATM) around the world any time of day or night Some of our Products are: The Keystone Bank Current Account: available for individuals, limited liability companies, sole proprietorships, registered business names, partnerships, non-governmental associations, clubs, associations, religious bodies and government parastatals, agencies and ministries.
Equity Release is a long term salary advance that is secured by legal mortgage of the occupied residential property and is only accessible to salary earners.
Source of Repayment: Salary and allowances domiciled in Keystone Bank, otherwise repayment shall be by NIBSS standing instruction.
Locations: Lagos, Abuja, Ibadan, Kano, Port-Harcourt, Jos, Warri, Ogun, Kaduna, Benin, Owerri, Yola, Bauchi, Ilorin, Enugu, Onitsha, Sokoto, Akure, Asaba.
This is a long term loan for individuals who desire to acquire automobiles (brand new vehicles only) of their choice for personal use.
A revolving facility which allows salary earners access up to 30% of their net monthly salary as overdraft. This product is available to all Keystone Paytime Current Account customers. Customers can access this facility all year with 30 days clean up cycle.
A consumer finance facility to partly finance residential properties and is accessible to Salary earners and SMEs.
Equity Contribution: 20% for Salary Earners and 40% for self-employed.
Consumer Finance loan is accessible to Salary earners and Self-employed individuals to part-finance the acquisition of brand new household assets from the Bank's prequalified vendors.


Contact lists for the National and Provincial Boards.
Please treat these lists with respect - they are meant to facilitate communication between Boards in each province; they are not meant for broad distribution. These lists are attached for the current year only - if a province is not listed below, this is because we have not received a listing from them for the current year.
Special email lists have also been created to make it easier to email entire groups.


We are working to a vision of Special and Mainstream schools 10 years from now; future proofing classrooms to offer the best teaching and learning for our time. We believe in delivering effective personalised learning in the classroom. We will do this by harnessing the expertise in inclusion, leadership and mentoring-coaching within the alliance applied to continuous professional learning of practitioners.
Right now we are driving to create a centre of excellence for inclusive teaching and learning & system leadership that contributes directly to School Improvement at Swiss and across our alliance. And create a Teaching School infrastructure that shifts culture within and across schools to contribute to a shared vision.
A Pan London inclusion hub, contributing to all ITT in London.
Enhanced pathways – training and development for SEND Champions.
Leadership programmes that support Special and mainstream collaboration.
Drive school improvement through strategic leadership from NLEs, LLEs and SLEs working collaboratively to support shared goals.
Expertise (SLEs/programmers/artists/analysts/assessors/) working as a shared resource across school alliances.


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Josh Tyrangiel Is Leaving Businessweek After Six Years
Ellen Pollock will become first female editor in magazine's history
By John Bonazzo • 10/01/15 10:42am
Josh Tyrangiel is leaving Businessweek, where he served as editor for six years. (Photo: Flickr Creative Commons)
Businessweek editor Josh Tyrangiel is leaving the company after six years, effective tomorrow. He said in an email to staff that he was planning to explore new opportunities.
"It's time for me to take my chips off the table, reflect on my criminal good luck and think about what comes next," Mr. Tyrangiel said. "I'll be watching, reading, and rooting."
Mr. Tyrangiel joined Businessweek in 2009 soon after it was acquired by Bloomberg L.P. During his tenure, he was credited with bringing new life to the magazine, which won accolades from AdWeek and the National Magazine Awards during his tenure. Mr. Tyrangiel also helped develop content for Bloomberg Television, along with the company's other media holdings.
Ellen Pollock, the deputy editor of Businessweek, will take over as editor effective October 3. She will be the first female editor at the magazine since it was founded in 1929.
Ms. Pollock, a veteran of the business and media worlds, has been at Businessweek since 2007. Before joining the magazine, she was a senior writer and later a deputy Page One editor at the Wall Street Journal. She has also written two books.
"Ellen is an editor of the highest caliber," Bloomberg editor John Micklethwait said in a statement. "We're thrilled."
Filed Under: Media, Ellen Pollock, John Micklethwait, National Magazine Awards, Josh Tyrangiel, Adweek, BusinessWeek Magazine, Bloomberg
SEE ALSO: Elon Musk Suspended Journalists for Reporting his Private Jet's Location


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Google Moves To Elevate Original Reporting In Search Results
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It's Hard Enough To Land On The Moon, Let Alone Mars
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Firefox Comes Standard With Ad Blocking
Version 69.0 of the popular browser has enhanced tracking protection, which significantly…
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The Automatic Listening Exploitation Act
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Trade War Effects On Consumer Tech
We look at the effects of the accelerating trade war on consumer…
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Facebook Zealots Likened To Drug Addicts
A recent Michigan State University study published in the Journal of Behavioural…
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The Iron-ion Battery From India
Newly developed at the Institute of Technology in Madras, iron-ion batteries are…
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9 Sep 2019 Comments: 0
Disrupting The Disruptors – Big Changes To The Gig Economy
If it passes a final vote in the Senate, California's AB5 bill…
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Weaponising Social Media
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Deep-faking The Silver Screen
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Big Brother Likes To Watch
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Emilio Navarro ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Emilio Navarro (Baseballspieler) (Millito Navarro; 1905–2011), puerto-ricanischer Baseballspieler
 Emilio Navarro (Physiker) (Emilio Navarro Peris), spanischer Physiker
 Emilio López Navarro (* 1986), mexikanischer Fußballspieler


Tech Tuesday is extra special today because I'm sharing with you my very first Android review. Asus sent over their newest Zenfone 2 Laser for me to try and to allow me to see what other'\s can't see. Check out my review. It could just be the right phone for you.
You know me, I jumped on the smartphone wagon late in the game. And when I did, I went to what my previous network had for me and that's an iPhone. When Android started to gain popularity, I didn't pay attention. Even when I worked for a digital company, I preferred my own phone because I found Android's interface a little too complicated.
Well, I got to put all my apprehension about it to the side because when I got a hold of Asus Zenfone 2 Laser, I couldn't put it down. One of the things I particularly love about this phone is the ergonomic curved back design. It fits my palm perfectly. Compared to the Asus Selfie phone, the Zenfone 2 Laer is smaller, roughly the same size as an iPhone 6.
I didn't realize how much strain I was putting my palm and fingers in til I got a hold the Zenfone 2 Laser. With the curved design, holding the phone is so much easier and I didn't have the fear of it falling off of my hand. It's thin enough to have that modern feel (about 3.9mm) and it curved back sits comfortably on my hands. The back cover is also in trend with its hairline designa nd metallic finish.
One of the things I also particularly find pleasantly surprsingly is the placement of the volume button at the middle part on the back of the phone. This idea is ingenious. Obviously it's much easier to adjust the volume, brightness, etc. using the index finger as it's the most used finger in our hands. With this placement, the strain on the thumb to hold the phone and adjust volume is gone.
And the best part, no thumb or finger shadows when taking selfies!
Camera as fast as Flash!
Speaking of selfies, one of the boasted features of the Zenfone 2 Laser is it's camera and it's lightning speed auto-focus! They make use of Toshiba's lenses that has a f/2.0 aperture. They also included an infrared laser on the rear-camera lens that measures distance so fast, it focus in 0.3 seconds. To put it in layman's terms, Zefone 2 Laser has an auto focus so fast it takes crisp photos in an instant. That means, never having to miss a moment.
I don't have to be a professional photographer that a f/2.0 aperture means great quality photo. This means no stress in camera to take clearer focus and no need to readjust ISO in dark condition since 2.0 aperture take in light really well.
Aside from that, sharpness of focus is important. I don't think I have to be a tech genius to figure out that if your smartphone has a whacked auto focus, it could lead to lagging and hanging of your system. Not to mention that what's the point of having awesome device if your camera phone take a while or fails to auto-focus? And this is very important if you are taking product photos at closer vantage point.
For a phone in a less than 10,000 Php range, Zenfone 2 Laser boasts of an 13-megapixel rear camera. Enough for Snapchatting, Instagraming and non-stop selfie session. Heck, you can even use this to launch your stardom in Smule Karaoke. Sing-a-long with Jesse J? No problem at all.
Another awesome feature is the Low Light Mode with Laser auto focus which I didn't realize how handy it is during parties and events. This is because of the PixelMaster that intelligently adjusts noise, color and contrasts, merging 4 pixels into 1. And with the Laser Auto Focus, taking photos in the dark is not as difficult as it used to be.
What I also like about Zenfone 2 Laser is the number camera setting options. There's the manual mode, real time beautification mode (for the not-so beautiful days), Super Resolution, Depth of Field, GIF animation, and more!
As for the rest of Zenfone 2 Laser's performance, I have not experienced anything problems with it. Note thought hat I am not a gamer, and I do not have a lot apps on my phone.
Quality of voice calls are awesome.
Battery Usage on wi-fi can last up to a day and half.
Overall, this is a great smartphone to be had especially for those looking for good quality camera phone with tons of features to it! As an introduction to the Android interface, Asus Zenfone helped me immensely in the cross-over. By removing some of the pre-installed apps, I got a better chance to get to know my Zenfone better and was able to customize it according to my lifestyle.
I do wish though it had a bit more internal memory. But for the price of P7,295 on Lazada? Can I still complain? It's an awesome deal, really!
As a mom, I would really think of getting this for my teenager. It's got everything she needs to do things for school and play and the size is just ideal.
As an entrepreneur, this is a great initial phone to do everything I need. Interface is easily navigable and the response-rate of the touch screen is amazingly fast!
Lastly, it's Asus! A great brand that's got lots of great achievement on its belt.


We carry a wide range of uPVC Windows Cumbria window locks to fit just about any of your locking needs. When you have uPVC Windows Cumbria by your side, you don't to worry about broken locks because we are experts in providing identical replacement lock solutions for top-level security of your property. Our warm and friendly technical and support staff at uPVC Windows Cumbria are always on hand to provide you professional guidance on the most fitting lock for your peculiar security and comfort needs.
Commercial and residential property owners in Cumbria have trusted our prompt, efficient and highly successful window services for years. We supply long lasting solution to give your property the perfect home and office finishes with our lockable window handles, swing-locks and snap-locks of various colours and sizes at uPVC Windows Cumbria. Our locks are guaranteed to keep your homes stylish and secure only uPVC Windows Cumbria locks can provide.
uPVC Window Swing Lock are then surface-mounted onto the window. This is ideal for hinged windows that open outwards only.
uPVC Windows Cumbria Window Restrictor Lock system restricts the window opening to prevent burglar intrusions. The danger of falling from huge buildings especially by kids or old people has been diminished by this lock system.
This is one of the variations of the Window Restrictors designed to prevent falls from opened windows. This uPVC Windows Cumbria uPVC window locking framework is surface mounted either vertically or on a level plane that permits both outward and internal openings.
uPVC Windows Cumbria sash window lock can be mounted on wood, uPVC or aluminium windows. Other materials such as aluminium, wood and uPVC window frames are also used. The Sliding Sash Window Stock-Lock keeps your sliding or band windows completely shut or limits the opening of every sash contingent upon the area it is altered.
The Sliding Sash Window Stock-Lock keeps your sliding or band windows completely shut or limits the opening of every sash contingent upon the area it is altered. It fits well with window frame of diverse types, including wood, aluminium, uPVC or metal.
The safety of your home windows will be drastically increased by installing the uPVC Windows Cumbria sash stopper. The handle is combined with the lock mechanism and allows it to simultaneously snap into place and lock pretty easily and quickly.
At uPVC Windows Cumbria, we have perfected the art of providing quality at affordable costs. We have locks for all types of Cumbria uPVC window. A customer oriented company, uPVC Windows Cumbria hires some of the best customer-friendly team members, who will walk the extra mile to ensure you are fully satisfied with our service.
Our employees provide you with quality solutions and services at uPVC Windows Cumbria, because they are very efficient and knowledgeable. You do not have to pay much for an excellent service, quality and safety, only because of uPVC Windows Cumbria. The specialized and responsive team of uPVC Windows Cumbria delivers quality uPVC window locks and uPVC window products and uPVC window services.
Whether your window opens inward or outward, this ingenious contraption physically deters the intruder from breaking into your homes. This lock is a real hit with all our clients due to the fact it has more safety and security features.
This type of system has a secure spring lock that holds tightly onto frames and is particularly suited for casement windows made from wood. Lockable Cable Window Lock comes with a five-disc locking barrels to ensure improved security and safety, and they are also very versatile.
To ensure your security the Ventilation Locks cannot be opened from the outside, however, they can still provide you fresh air from outside, by uPVC Windows Cumbria. Simply designed and facilitating inside as well as outside opening, this lock features keyless lock system.
The range of uPVC Windows Cumbria's uPVC windows locks incorporates modern technology. We offer contemporary designs customized for different property specifications and sizes.
uPVC Windows Cumbria only hires highly-trained, experienced, and certified technicians, who know how to use the most advanced strategies and tools to produce superior quality products. Our work is designed to be high quality and satisfactory no matter who the customer is.
uPVC Windows Cumbria uses smart tools to provide better locks for properties, commercial or residential, big or small. Your guest will have lasting impressions of the work done by our very experienced, skilled, and highly proficient experts.
Any queries you have will be answered by our online customer support staff, who are available day and night to address any problems. We can visit your building to run an initial inspection or you can first schedule an appointment, whatever works best for you. We will provide you with a free of cost estimate, without any pressure to buy, once you fill out our form available on our website.
uPVC Windows Cumbria is always ready to get to work no matter how large your project is or how quickly you want results. For your ultimate happiness, uPVC Windows Cumbria conveys features that are compelling, long lasting and of premium quality. To know how much it will cost to secure your home and put your mind at ease, contact us now.
Contact us today at uPVC Windows Cumbria on 01900 385235.


Schuyler C. Baldwin, a 19th century Kalamazoo photographer specializing in stereoviews, created many photographs in Grand Rapids. This collection depicts Grand Rapids from ca.1870 until ca.1900. These particular images were previously owned by Charles E. Belknap, author of "The Yesterdays of Grand Rapids" and longtime resident of the city, and contributed by Thomas R. Dilley. You can read more about Baldwin on the Kalamazoo Public Library website.


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I love the fact that due to internet most stores have sale all the time. Of course in December and in July/August there is more sale than during the rest of the months. Still, during the months the sale hasn't officially started, we can score many great items for great prices online. Here are some clothes I like from the Mango sale.
I admit, I really love flower prints and jackets. What is your favorite item?
Ooo I love the tartan dress! I love pairing a leather jacket and a floral dress! I really like your blog and have followed via GFC, Bloglovin and Google + and would love for you to check out my blog!
oh I want everything!♥ the first dress is so pretty!
I know, I only selected a couple of things, but I liked so much more!
Very cool! I like them all especially the first dress. Great sale, thanks for sharing.
The tartan dress is awesome!
These are some really interesting sales, I'm checking it out asap!


Bulldog Security Products have now added the much coveted Secured by Design accreditation to their already impressive range of product approvals.
Secured by Design is the only form of Police approval for products in the UK and Bulldog are pleased to announce that the following 7 products now carry this approval: Mini Lock, Hitch Lock, QD Wheelclamp,WW100 Hitchlock,Titan Wheelclamp, Centaur Wheelclamp and the Euroclamp.
Bulldog's commitment to security has never been in question, with an ongoing association with Sold Secure that stretches back some 15 years, this new partnership with Secured by Design further underlines their commitment to remain at the forefront of quality and security.