Donations can also be made via our Facebook page. Facebook gives back by not charging service fees to nonprofits. However, your donation is appreciated through any portal. We appreciate your support!
CHICAGO SCOTS (The Illinois Saint Andrew Society) is the oldest 501(c)3 charity in Illinois. We nourish Scottish identity through service, fellowship and celebration of Scottish culture in order to provide support to our Caledonia Senior Living & Memory Care campus in North Riverside, Illinois.
Since we were founded more than a century ago, seniors and their families have turned to our Scottish Home for the exceptional care and inspiring family atmosphere we provide. Over the decades, the Scottish Home has enjoyed a rich tradition of enhancing lives and empowering seniors to live with dignity, surrounded by compassionate people who care for and about them.
Always looking to more effectively serve Chicagoland seniors, we extended our reach to people living with Alzheimer's disease and memory loss when we added the Caledonian House to our campus in 2016. Like the Scottish Home, the Caledonian House exemplifies our unique philosophy to provide care that is inspired by the comfort of home and the warmth of family.
A new chapter is beginning in the long, distinguished story of the Scottish Home. To reflect the fact that we now have two homes that offer an expanded range of services on our property, we will launch a new name for our campus. I am delighted to inform you that effective Monday, October 16, 2017, our new campus name will be Caledonia Senior Living and Memory Care.
The Scottish Home and the Caledonian House names have served us well over the years and will continue to be part of our identity and heritage, but we believe that one all-inclusive campus name is now necessary to more effectively capture who we are, what we do and whom we serve.
Although, we have a new campus name, I want you to rest assured that you'll find the same staff, same ownership, same high quality and same philosophy that residents and their families have trusted for generations. One thing will never, ever change: our commitment to providing exceptional personalized care, inspiring lifestyles and uplifting experiences to all whose who turn to us for care.
We believe this new, evolved brand identity captures the voices of our community represents our core values and accurately presents Caledonia Senior Living and Memory Care as A Place for Everyone, Where Friends Become Family.
Gifts of cash, check, or credit card are the easiest and most immediate way to support the CHICAGO SCOTS – and they are a great way to recognize special occasions, to celebrate the life of a loved one, or to show family, friends or colleagues that you care. .
You can increase your personal contributions to the CHICAGO SCOTS if your employer is one of the many organizations who offer a program to match charitable contributions of its employee. Contact your human resource office to see if your company participates. Matching gift revenue makes a big difference.
Over the last 12 months we built and opened our Caledonian House - where we provide best in class, state of the art dementia care. We have raised $4.3 million toward our $5.5 million Caledonian House goal! Thanks to all who have donated.
If you have not yet made a gift, we ask that you consider making a contribution in any amount you are able.
America faces an unanticipated epidemic. As society ages, Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia affect more and more seniors and their families. The Caledonian House is a practical response to this challenge, providing a haven of expert care deeply informed by a century of experience.
The Caledonian House is a new venture of the Scottish Home. Set in five park-like acres in North Riverside, Illinois, the Scottish Home has a tradition of person-centered practice that emphasizes warm community, close bonds between residents and staff, and strong links to family and friends. Research shows that just such an environment fosters the best outcomes for people in memory care.
Each of the two floors in the Caledonian House will be home to 10 residents, all with private bedrooms and full bathrooms. Resident rooms open onto a great room where meaningful activities take place by the fireside. Comfortable living space is matched by an inviting dining area filled with the aromas of home cooking from the on-site kitchen. There will be no long, disorienting corridors cluttered with medical equipment, no nurses station, and the atmosphere will be that of a family residence rather than an institution.
The Scottish Home - a small, private community that provides both assisted living an nursing care services in a peaceful, quiet setting nestled on five wooded acres. Ours is the world's only Scottish Society that owns and operates a nursing home. The Scottish Home in North Riverside, Illinois was built in 1910. And every single day, for more than 100 years, the Home has provided living care, friendship, peace of mind and enrichment to countless residents and their families. Because the Scottish Home is small, a close bond develops between staff and residents. Every one of the Home's staff gets to know the needs and preferences of their friends - the residents. This is the kind of bond that you would find in your own home and this is precisely what makes the Scottish Home special.


text:
/*
 * Definitions etc. for regexp(3) routines.
 *
 * Caveat:  this is V8 regexp(3) [actually, a reimplementation thereof],
 * not the System V one.
 */

#ifndef _REGEXP
#define _REGEXP 1

#define NSUBEXP  10
typedef struct regexp {
	char *startp[NSUBEXP];
	char *endp[NSUBEXP];
	char regstart;		/* Internal use only. */
	char reganch;		/* Internal use only. */
	char *regmust;		/* Internal use only. */
	int regmlen;		/* Internal use only. */
	char program[1];	/* Unwarranted chumminess with compiler. */
} regexp;

#if defined(__STDC__) || defined(__cplusplus)
#   define _ANSI_ARGS_(x)       x
#else
#   define _ANSI_ARGS_(x)       ()
#endif

extern regexp *regcomp _ANSI_ARGS_((char *exp));
extern int regexec _ANSI_ARGS_((regexp *prog, char *string));
extern int regexec2 _ANSI_ARGS_((regexp *prog, char *string, int notbol));
extern void regsub _ANSI_ARGS_((regexp *prog, char *source, char *dest));
extern void regerror _ANSI_ARGS_((char *msg));

#endif /* REGEXP */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Carlos Correa signing: Mets 'frustrated' with negotiations, Scott Boras talks to Twins again, per reports
The New York Mets have company in the Carlos Correa bidding. Steve Cohen and his front office continued to negotiate on a revised contract on Thursday, more than two weeks after initially reaching an agreement on a 12-year deal worth $315 million, according to Jon Heyman and Greg Joyce of the New York Post, but Correa's agent, Scott Boras, "renewed contact with at least another interested team or two" — identified as the Twins by the St. Paul Pioneer Press — on Thursday as talks "ran into at least a hiccup or two."
On Friday, SNY's Andy Martino reported the Mets are "growing frustrated" with negotiations, and are considering walking away from the deal entirely, but cautioned that the same source believes the deal will still go through. If not, Boras and Correa could file a grievance given Cohen's public comments about the agreement.
"We needed one more thing, and this is it," Cohen told the New York Post last month. "This really makes a big difference. I feel like our pitching was in good shape. We needed one more hitter. This puts us over the top."
Correa's agreement with the Mets has been in limbo since New York developed concerns following a physical. Those concerns are believed to pertain to his lower right leg. Correa suffered a significant injury to that limb when he was a minor-league player in the Houston Astros system. He hasn't been placed on the injured list because of his right leg in the time since, but the Mets aren't alone in having some trepidation about that particular injury.
Keep in mind, Correa had reached a similar agreement with the San Francisco Giants earlier in the winter. The Giants also expressed worry about Correa's lower right leg, leading Boras to reopen negotiations with the Mets, who had already made a last-minute bid for him. The Athletic's Ken Rosenthal speculated on his podcast about how the Correa deal might be tweaked, saying the following, according to a transcription provided by NBC Sports Bay Area.
"The way to do it in a situation like this is to put something in the contract called an 'exclusion clause' and that basically says if a player spends X number of days on the injured list with this specific injury, the specific injury to that part of his leg, then you can void future years or you can lower the guarantee, there are all kinds of ways to do it," Rosenthal said. "Now obviously if you're Correa and Boras you don't want this…
Will Joey Votto be ready to play for the Cincinnati Reds on Opening Day?
Preseason Banquet Set For Jan. 28 – Clemson Tigers Official Athletics Site

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
an actress · January 9, 2023
What The Experts Aren't Saying About Cate Blanchett Actress And How It Affects You
Having said that, Blanchett was not at the ceremony to accept the award simply because she is filming in the UK. In Tar, directed by Todd Field, Blanchett plays struggling orchestra conductor Lydia Tar. Blanchett joins Meryl Streep, Ingrid Bergman and Jane Fonda as the most-awarded actress in the category. What to Watch's TÁR evaluation affirms just how fantastic Blanchett is in the film, even though it does acknowledge some struggles with the challenging subject matter. For those in the US wanting to watch the film at residence, right here is how to watch TÁR.
In 2005 she received her first Academy awards for the greatest-supporting actress for the movie "The Aviator".
A UK newscast is drawing comparisons to environmental comedy "Don't Appear Up."
The scene is played entirely on her face, flickering devastatingly from poised sang-froid to disbelief to utter heartbreak in a matter of seconds.
She also appeared in the 1994 telemovie Police Rescue as a teacher taken hostage by armed bandits, and in the 50-minute drama Parklands , which received a limited release in Australian cinemas.
A single of the most trustworthy Oscar predictors is the SAG Awards. Hardly ever does a film performance that was not nominated by the on-screen performers actually take dwelling an Oscar. The majority of the film academy is produced up of actors, hence their choices have the most influence.
Why Families Love their Cate Blanchett Actress.
Holds the record as the only Australian actress to win two Academy Awards. Her portrayal of Irina Spalko in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is director Steven Spielberg's preferred villain in the Indiana Jones series. She was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal in the 2001 Queen's New Years Honours List for her solutions to acting and Australian society.
I'm trying to be charming and educated and impressive and all these factors, but there's a transaction between us. I mean the first piece of conducting we see, the extremely 1st downbeat, is Bar 20 of the very first movement of the Fifth Symphony, and that of course is the Trauermarsch, or the Funeral March. There's this sort of clarion contact that she can hear that's coming from across a vast landscape, that's coming for her. The "Carol" star stated she usually aspires to "play roles beyond my expertise."
Following this accomplishment, director Geoffrey Rush, who noticed Cate ever due to the fact university, invited her to play Ophelia in «Hamlet» to her overwhelming success, as properly as viewers' and critics' acclaim. Later on, her father was commissioned and moved to June's home nation, finding a job in an advertising agency and focusing on educating their kids. Cate is the middle of the 3 youngsters – she has an elder brother Bob and a younger sister Genevieve . When Cate was ten, her father died of a heart attack and her mother had to raise the youngsters on her own.
My Dog Ate My Cate Blanchett Actress!
In any case she did handle to ruin the lives of these closest to her in a match of rage so condemnation may possibly come a small much easier than pity. Cate Blanchett is no stranger to operating with preferred directors, like Steven Spielberg, Ron Howard and Joel Schumacher. Is Cate Blanchett your favored individual to watch on the large screen? You may also want to vote on our finest Rosamund Pike and Geoffrey Rush films lists also. If you are a fan of Blanchett's dramatic roles, you may well also enjoy our list of the very best Sharon Stone motion pictures and greatest Scarlett Johannson movies.
Browse an unrivalled portfolio of real-time and historical market place data and insights from worldwide sources and experts. "People talk about improvising but I felt like we had been standing on the edge of a cliff each and every day saying, 'This may perhaps click this link not operate, let's give this a try', which was seriously fascinating to make," she told Reuters. To play this video you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Click right here to go to economictimes.com Web-site will load in seconds.
Not substantially happens in the course of the second act, and Grimmel is a clever villain but not a complicated a single . "Dragons 3" is typically seen as the weakest in the trilogy, but when the weakest film nevertheless manages to score close to a 90 on Rotten Tomatoes, you know it is a excellent franchise. The only explanation we're not putting this film larger is that Cate Blanchett's Valka is largely a background character in this film, although continue reading this.. she does get a couple of very good lines. "Nightmare Alley" is not practically as excellent as Guillermo del Toro's "The Shape of Water." Stan spends the 1st 20 minutes silently brooding, and only when he begins opening up to the circus folk do we get a great grasp of his character. But it really is nevertheless "gorgeously staged," says /Film, and the way it delves into monsters makes it just as mature as del Toro's other performs.
And every single character recites true tracts, spanning such topics as Vortism/Blue Rider/Expressionism, Fluxus/Merz/Efficiency, Architecture, Situationism, Stridentism/Creationism, Pop Art, Dadaism, and Surrealism/Spatialism. Interviews with major film and Tv creators about their approach and craft. The rest of the practically-3-hour film unfolds as a breakdown of the Lydia persona, and rather possibly of the Blanchett variety as effectively, as she attempts to triage her shattering public image. Field shoots the film with a Tarkovsky-like distance, with extended passages unfolding in underground roadway tunnels and cold rooms where all you can hear is a refrigerator humming, and a refusal of any sentimentality.
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A gift in memory allows you to remember someone special through a donation dedicated to them. Here are the ways you can support St Barnabas House hospice care by giving charitable donations in memory of a loved one.
If you wish to ask for gifts to St Barnabas in memory of loved ones instead of flowers at a funeral.
Setting up a Tribute Page in memory of a loved one is a special way to remember them and help support St Barnabas.
Light Up a Life provides the local community with the opportunity to remember loved ones at Christmas.
Gifts given in celebration of a loved one are a very special way to donate to and help support St Barnabas House.
Our annual Sunflower Memories appeal is an opportunity to remember loved ones and at the same time support St Barnabas.
Many people like to remember a loved one or help support St Barnabas by participating in one of our events.


The downtown Berkman Plaza condominium project was abruptly halted in December 2007, when a parking garage collapsed killing one worker. Now the condo owner is suing six subcontractors for at least $36 million in damages.
The six are accused of violating Florida's building codes that led to the six-story garage collapsing, killing 26-year-old Willie Edwards, a single father of two, who was found under five feet of debris and two foot of concrete. 23 others were injured.
In the lawsuits, Berkman's lawyers say the delay in construction has cost the company at least $36 million dollars.
The Florida Times-Union reports that one subcontractor, Choate Construction Co., was not sued because its contract states that any claims are to be handled through binding arbitration and mediation.
The federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) also found nine violations and fined several contractors $193,000 for flaws in construction and design.
No word yet on whether there are any other lawsuits pending by the family of the deceased man or the 23 others who were injured when the garage collapsed.
In order to sue your employer, you need an experienced attorney to help you prove that the employer knew of the dangers present on the work site and may have concealed them. Clearly in the case of Berkman plaza, they failed to take reasonable precautions to protect the employees. The citations by OSHA prove there were violations that the employer knew or should have known existed.
Accidents on the job in Florida are supposed to be covered by Workers' Compensation. But sometimes employees are denied workers comp and are afraid for their job, so they convince themselves that injuries can occur in almost any job setting and it's okay. If you have been denied the Workers' compensation you deserve after an on-the-job injury, please contact our Florida workers' compensation lawyers at Farah & Farah in Jacksonville today to help you understand your rights.


text:
Q: Dark text on dark background on AlertDialog with Theme.Sherlock.Light I'm using Theme.Sherlock.Light theme for my application and I'm creating a DialogFragment with an underlying AlertDialog. It works just fine on Android 3.x and 4.x, but on Android 2.x I see dark text on dark background, which is hardly readable. Am I doing something wrong and do I need to force light background by creating a custom style? Thanks in advance.

A: I found solution here:
builder.setInverseBackgroundForced(true)

Also, as I see here, Jake Warton suggests fix it by the same way and he doesn't know any better solution because of AlertDialogs implementation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


United Chemical™ Swamp Treat® Algaecide - 1 lb.
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A 1 lb. bottle of Swamp Treat is enough to treat 20,000 gallons of water.


Im a fun of http://haveyouseenthisgirl.yolasite.c... can visit her yolasite to continue reading her published story?thanks.
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text:
Q: $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ is not one-to-one if $[f(x)]^2-4\cdot f(x^5)+3=0,\forall x\in\mathbb{R}$? I have a function $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$. Let $$[f(x)]^2-4\cdot f(x^5)+3=0,\forall x\in\mathbb{R}$$
I want to prove that $f$ isn't a one-to-one function. So I suppose that $x_1,x_2\in\mathbb{R}$ with $x_1\neq x_2$ and I get:

*

*$x_1\neq x_2\Rightarrow x_1^5\neq x_2^5\Rightarrow f(x_1^5)\neq f(x_1^5)\Rightarrow -4\cdot f(x_1^5)+3\neq -4\cdot f(x_2^5)+3$

But with the first term I can't say that $[f(x_1)]^2\neq [f(x_2)]^2$ (because if for example $f(x_1)=1$ and $f(x_2)=-1$ I have that $(-1)^2\neq 1^2$ which isn't right.
So any ideas?

A: Consider the cases $x=0$, $x=1$ and $x=-1$. Since for these three options $x^5=x$, you can rewrite the condition as $(f(x)-1)(f(x)-3)=0$. Hence at least two of the three values above are mapped to the same real.

A: We have that $f(1),f(-1)$ and $f(0)$ are solutions of the quadratic equation $$t^2-4t+3=0.$$ Thus
$$f(1),f(-1),f(0)\in\{1,3\}$$ which shows that $f$ is not one-to-one.


Recognition continues to be an important part of employee engagement, corporate culture, and our global HR association. For the past 10 years, the HRO Today Services and Technology Association awards have been a highlight at our events and an aspiration for those in the HR industry worldwide. We will again be recognizing our North America finalists and winners separate from the HRO Today Forum in May. Our Association Award Dinner and Gala will be held in conjunction with our second annual HRO Today Services and Technology Association Membership Summit, a conference and training retreat for HR services and technology providers, analysts, and HR practitioners. This event will take place on September 12, 2019 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the awards cocktail reception and gala will be held that same evening.
Winners for APAC and EMEA will be announced at their corresponding regional HRO Today Forum events. This year they take place in Hong Kong (June 3 and 4) and Dublin (November 4 to 6). Don't forget to take a look at the programming schedule and agenda for our events as well: You don't want to miss this year's lineup of learning, networking and best practice sharing.
The award categories have been revised for 2019. We will be recognizing teams, business units, companies, and groups in our company category, as well as executives who are standouts in their own right in the individual category.
Nominations are now open: Be sure to recognize your boss, your team, your colleagues, your customers, your peers, and respected industry thought leaders TODAY! The award receptions are always a crowd favorite and an excellent opportunity to recognize and honor the best in human resources. Nominations close on April 5, 2019 for APAC, July 13, 2019 for North America, and September 13, 2019 for EMEA.
More information about the awards and nomination forms is available on our website. So don't delay in nominating those people who deserve to be recognized for their commitment, success, and hard work in our industry.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged HRO Today STA, March-2019 on March 22, 2019 by Audrey Roth.


What kind of a world would you create if you had to do three good deeds to make it home again? Princess April Morning-Glory has ventured out of the safety of Fairlyland, and desperately wants to go home. But the wizard has told her that she must first perform three good deeds. As she wanders around the Great World, the Fairy Misery attempts to thwart her efforts.
Princess April is a kind fairy girl, and soon finds those along her way who need her help. But once she has finished her good deeds, Fairy Misery finds her and whisks her away to her castle. Then it will take someone else's good deed to rescue her.
Princess April Morning-Glory is a sweet story with an unusual history. Created in 1939 by Letitia Fairbanks, daughter of Douglas Fairbanks Sr. and Mary Pickford, it uses Hollywood characters as inspiration for the illustrations. The text is printed in artful calligraphy with stunning drawings throughout. The message of this tale and the beauty of the illustrations make this book a great addition to any girl's library.


text:
Home Gaming Lists Ranking the Links of the Legend of Zelda
It's no secret that Link has had a variety of unique looks throughout the years. Sometimes he's a little blonde kid with 90s hair, sometimes he's a cartoonish stump of a person with cute, miniaturized weapons, and sometimes he's a gallant warrior with flowing blonde locks and smoldering eyes.
If you haven't been keeping up with Zelda games, it might be easy to get the impression that Link's look just changes with the times, kind of like James Bond or Lara Croft. But in reality, there's a deliberate reason for Link's various appearances — they're all different people!
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Indeed, almost every Zelda game features a different Link, and even though he's not much of a talker, every single iteration of our green-clad hero has his own unique charm. While we could just say that every Link is valuable in his own way, that's boring, so instead we're going to shamelessly compare them and pick the best one.
In this list, we'll be ranking each Link according to the sum of all their parts. Visual design, personality, and achievements all play into our decisions. We have also left out the "minor" Links that are derivative of previously existing ones.
7 – The Hero of Hyrule
Appears in: The Legend of Zelda, Zelda II: The Adventure of Link
Look, the OG Link is legendary, and we can't disrespect that. This is the dude that coined Link's iconic look that was carried for decades until BotW Link had to ruin it with his blue duds. This is the Link that defeated Ganon first, despite what Hyrule Historia will tell you about the timeline. Without this Link, all these other Links wouldn't have existed. That certainly means something.
But, truth be told, this Link is just kind of boring compared to the others. He doesn't have much of a character, originating in ye ol' NES days, and his design, despite being the genesis of the iconic green tunic look, just looks a little bit dorky compared to his successors.
That being said, OG Link has a pretty good resume. In his games, he defeated Ganon, and a particularly nasty version of Dark Link. OG Link also has the distinction of being the Link that clears the hardest game in the series – Zelda II: The Adventure of Link. For all we know, he could maybe beat up all the other chumps on this list.
6 – The Hero of the Goddess
Appears in: Skyward Sword
Skyward Sword Link is likely to have a lot of fans, but he's on the lower end of the Link tier list for a few reasons. First of all, cool factor. SS Link has a pretty good design, but it's mostly copied from Twilight Princess Link. Bushier hair, baggier pants, and a different dominant hand are the main visual differences between him and his predecessor, and it's a bummer we didn't get a more original design in Skyward Sword. In fact, his design was so unremarkable that he got skipped in Smash Brothers 3DS/Wii U. Ouch!
This Link, while expressive, never shows a lot of character beyond just being a good dude. He's heroic, he's brave, he's there for Zelda, and he'll put up a good fight — all good boxes to check off on the "heroic good guy" checklist. He's charming, and he's made more interesting by the fact that he's the only Link with a love interest, but nothing about his character ever sticks out as being unique in the Zelda universe. He saves the world, gets the girl, and gets arguably the happiest ending of any of the Links. What a guy!
In the Zelda lore, Skyward Sword Link is the first one of them all, and his victory with Zelda over the demon king Demise begins a recurring cycle of reincarnation that continues throughout the rest of the games. That is definitely a pretty badass entry for SS Link's resume, but overall, this dude is just lacking in any qualities that make him noticeably more exciting than his counterparts.
5 – The Hero of Legend
Appears in: A Link to the Past, Link's Awakening, Oracle of Ages, Oracle of Seasons
It's kind of hard for the 2D Links to stand up to the 3D ones. Their retro designs aren't as appealing to most people, and they didn't have a whole lot of character due to the era in which they were created. Nonetheless, LttP Link is an absolute boss, and we'd be doing him a disservice if he wasn't at least in the top five.
LttP Link may not be very expressive, but he has by far the most impressive list of achievements. He not only took Ganon to school in LttP, traversing both light and dark worlds to bring him down, but he's also one of the only Links who touched the completed Triforce. But he wasn't finished, not by a longshot. This Link would proceed to save not one, but two more worlds, bending the laws of nature and time in the Oracle games. Finally, he ended his career with a symbolic inner journey in Link's Awakening, where he saved yet another world. Or destroyed it? It was all a dream, or something, so we're not entirely sure. But hey, it was pretty cool.
We don't know what happened to this Link in the canon, since he was last seen floating atop wreckage in the middle of the ocean. But we can only assume that he got out and continued to be, as we mentioned before, a straight-up boss.
4 – The Hero of Twilight
Appears in: Twilight Princess
Twilight Princess Link definitely has some accolades. First off, he was responsible for one of the hypest moments in gaming history, when Twilight Princess's first teaser was unveiled at E3 2004. For those who weren't there or old enough to remember the announcement, it was historic. This is a trailer that made grown men cry. This trailer showed a badass adult Link who was wearing armor under his tunic. Armor! Bona-fide chainmail! With many people worried that the Zelda series would forever be kiddy after Wind Waker, that first Twilight Princess trailer was essentially a message from Nintendo that said, "We're listening. Here's the gritty Zelda game you want."
Well, Twilight Princess eventually came out, and it wasn't quite the landmark miracle that many had hoped it would be. Don't misunderstand — Twilight Princess is a fantastic game that's near and dear to our hearts, but no game could live up to the hype that preceded it. Opinions on Twilight Princess are controversial to this day; many gamers consider it to be among the best of the best, while others feel like it was the first moment where the Zelda series started to show signs of stagnation.
Regardless of all that, we got a pretty good Link out of it. TP's Link has some character, a kickass design that would be Link's defining image for nearly a decade, and some pretty great moments in-game. This dude sumo-wrestled with Gorons, herded goats like it was going out of style, and developed a strong relationship with Midna, one of the most developed characters in any Zelda game. His relationship with Ordon town's children — and the little side story of being a role model to the bullied Colin — was touching, and a bit more compelling than just saving the world for a girl (though he did do that, too).
3 – The Hero of the Wild
Appears in: Breath of the Wild, Breath of the Wild 2
There is a certain amount of unadulterated badassery that Breath of the Wild Link embodies, and to understand it, just consider the Lynel. For all you folks who played BotW, you remember your first Lynel fight. These terrifying centaur freaks were absolute machines who could eviscerate your health bar with a single swing. Unless you played really carefully, there's probably at least one Lynel that completely wrecked you at some point. In fact, there are many players who argue that the Lynel fight shortly before the final battle is harder than Calamity Ganon himself.
Okay, now that we have that in mind, let's just point to a certain pre-Calamity cutscene on Death Mountain where he's chatting with Zelda and there are, like, seven dead Lynel corpses behind them. We're led to believe that he just kind of nonchalantly wiped the floor with the scariest murder machines that Hyrule has ever seen. This cutscene established a certain point about BotW Link — this dude means business.
Also, there's this.
And we see that through and through the rest of the game. BotW Link is the hardiest Link of them all, rising to utterly ridiculous challenges and survival scenarios, and running to Ganon like a madman, armed with only a stick and his underwear. In terms of personality, BotW Link is kind of generically stalwart and stoic. He gets some character development in Zelda's journals, but his personality isn't too standout.
Aside from being an absolute unit of a warrior, BotW also scores highly on his list for what he did to the image of Link as a whole. Breath of the Wild is where Link finally abandoned his green duds and pointy hat. And while it was an iconic outfit, it was far more enjoyable being able to customize his appearance with a variety of cool gear. Now that Link isn't bound to his one singular look, we're excited to see how Nintendo continues to play with his image.
2 – The Hero of Winds
Appears in: The Wind Waker, Phantom Hourglass
Didn't expect this little guy to be at number two, did ya? Well, we won't take it back, because Wind Waker Link is one of the best damn heroes of all time. While people have generally come around on Wind Waker in recent years, it's important to remember that people hated that game when it came out. It got great critical reception, but its kiddy aesthetic was picked apart and criticized by the fanbase for many years to come.
But oh, what a fantastic decision it was. Wind Waker is an immaculate example of why Nintendo should trust their instincts instead of giving into fan demand — the game, and its corresponding Link, was utterly charming, and oozing with personality and emotion. Once you got past the fact that the visuals looked "kiddy," Wind Waker told a phenomenal story that was able to take itself seriously, and the whole way through, you couldn't help but fall in love with Link. This little scrapper could do it all, and he felt like a unique, distinct character from the Link who came before in the N64 games. He was chipper, cheerful, and dependable. Not exactly an original take for a do-good hero, but it was done so well that it's hard for him not to rank among our favorites.
Wind Waker Link also left an important legacy. His existence basically set a precedence that the Legend of Zelda games could have any kind of art design or tone. His exact design was reused in several more games such as Minish Cap and Four Swords, and the upcoming Link's Awakening remake seems to be taking some cues from it. No matter how many years have passed, this little guy has a spot in our hearts.
1 – The Hero of Time
Appears in: Ocarina of Time, Majora's Mask
There are many arguments as to why the Hero of Time shouldn't be at the top of this list, and they're all wrong. This is the hill we're going to die on, and if you disagree, we'll fight you.
Forget about Princess Zelda — if anyone is a legend in these games, it's this guy. The Hero of Time not only has the best story of all the Links, he is also one of the most important ones for the legacy of the series as a whole. This Link was the poster-child for the transition to 3D gameplay, and his game, Ocarina of Time, ended up being one of the most revolutionary titles in gaming history. OOT might not seem like much now, but its impact on the gaming industry as a whole cannot be understated. There are certain games that, to this day, look back to OOT as the genesis of their mechanics, and it still sits at the very top of many "best of all time" lists.
For OOT to leave the legacy that it did, everything had to be perfect. And the hero we got was nothing short of that. Ironically, the Hero of Time is a more developed character than the Links who came afterward, despite having much more rudimentary animation. Ocarina of Time, and its sequel Majora's Mask both deal with heavy themes of growing up, coping with loss, and coming of age. The loss of childhood innocence is a pervasive motif in OOT, and in MM we learn what it truly means to grow up — if not in body, then in mind.
Tragic Hero
You have to read between the lines to see Link's character in all of this, but it's there. And when you look at it, the Hero of Time had a much more melancholy journey than any of the Links that followed. He sacrificed everything and traversed time to save the land, only to be sent back in time to live out his childhood in a world that would never recognize him or know of his achievements. He shows signs of depression in Majora's Mask as he searches for his lost friend Navi, feeling lost in loneliness as he struggles to cope with his situation. He then goes on a beautiful journey of growth and healing, and saves yet another world in the process — one that is also ignorant to his sacrifices.
The Hero of Time gets bonus points for showing up in Twilight Princess as the Hero's Shade, that spooky spectre who teaches you sweet sword moves. In his dialogue, he expresses grief that his heroics were never recognized and that he wasn't able to pass on his skills. But it's alright — while Hyrule and Termina may be ignorant of what he did, but we remember. OOT Link's importance to the series as a whole, combined with his great design and surprisingly complex character, make him the one and only contender for Best Link.
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Vitamin e-loaded membrane dialyzers reduce hemodialysis inflammaging
Vincenzo Sepe ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9820-39031,2,
Marilena Gregorini1,3,
Teresa Rampino1,
Pasquale Esposito1,
Rosanna Coppo4,
Francesco Galli5 &
Carmelo Libetta1,3
BMC Nephrology volume 20, Article number: 412 (2019) Cite this article
Inflammaging is a persistent, low−grade, sterile, nonresolving inflammatory state, associated with the senescence of the immune system. Such condition downregulates both innate and adaptive immune responses during chronic disorders as type II diabetes, cancer and hemodialysis, accounting for their susceptibility to infections, malignancy and resistance to vaccination.
Aim of this study was to investigate hemodialysis inflammaging, by evaluating changes of several hemodialysis treatments on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 activity and nitric oxide formation.
We conducted a randomized controlled observational crossover trial. Eighteen hemodialysis patients were treated with 3 different hemodialysis procedures respectively: 1) Low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis, 2) Low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis with vitamin E − loaded dialyzers, and 3) Hemodialfitration. The control group consisted of 14 hospital staff healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected from all 18 hemodialysis patients just after the long interdialytic interval, at the end of each hemodialysis treatment period.
Hemodialysis kynurenine and kynurenine/L − tryptophan blood ratio levels were significantly higher, when compared to the control group, indicating an increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 activity in hemodialysis patients. At the end of the low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis with vitamin E − loaded dialyzers period, L − tryptophan serum levels remained unchanged vs both low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis and hemodialfitration. Kynurenine levels instead decreased, resulting in a significant reduction of kynurenine/L − tryptophan blood ratio and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 activity, when matched to both low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis and HDF respectively. Serum nitric oxide control group levels, were significantly lower when compared to all hemodialysis patient groups. Interestingly, low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis with vitamin E − loaded dialyzers nitric oxide serum levels from venous line blood samples taken 60 min after starting the hemodialysis session were significantly lower vs serum taken simultaneously from the arterial blood line.
The treatment with more biocompatible hemodialysis procedure as low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis with vitamin E − loaded dialyzers, reduced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 activity and nitric oxide formation when compared to both low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis and hemodialfitration. These data suggest that low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis with vitamin E − loaded dialyzers lowering hemodialysis inflammaging, could be associated to changes of proinflammatory signalling a regulated molecular level.
Trial registration
NCT Number: NCT02981992; Other Study ID Numbers: 20100014090. First submitted: November 26, 2016. First posted: December 5, 2016. Last Update Posted: December 5, 2016.
Inflammaging is a new field of clinical research orientated to study age–related persistent, low−grade, sterile and non−resolving inflammatory states in chronic diseases such as type II diabetes, obesity and other metabolic disorders [1]. Such clinical states are mainly sustained by macrophage proinflammatory activation. Increased expression of IDO1 appears to modulate macrophage differentiation towards the M2 phenotype [2]. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest a deficit of macrophage polarization capacity in aged mice [3]. Although an M2–like macrophage shift is predictive of successful biomaterial implant, it was observed a local M1 skewed host response at the site of effective of polypropylene mesh implants in aged experimental animals [3]. Data on macrophage polarization during hemodialyzer blood interaction, are not currently available. The known detrimental effect of macrophage triggering during chronic hemodialysis [4] is also associated to the increase of blood NO levels, reducing both native and adaptive immune responses [5, 6].
Uremia is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation and chronic activation of the immune system, often followed by immune deficiency [7, 8]. Impaired immune response in uremic patients is mainly characterized by innate and adaptive immune regulation with a T cell number decrease, function loss [9], and complement dysregulation [10, 11], which results in a frequent susceptibility to sepsis [12], malignancy [13], resistance to vaccination [14] and cardiovascular diseases [15]. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are increasingly appearing as relevant atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality contributors in hemodialysis patients [16]. Accumulating evidence on end−stage renal disease patients show that uremia−associated immune deficiency is associated to chronic inflammation and immunological aging [17]. IDO1 is a unique dioxygenase class member, catalysing L−Trp to its product Kyn [18]. IDO1 and Kyn have a significant function on T cell immunosuppression, Treg activation, and inhibition of natural killer cells [19]. Induction of IDO1 transcription and function, associated to Treg suppressive activity, is increased in chronic hemodialysis inflammation [18,19,20].
Although NO is a small, easily diffusible molecule by dialysis, its levels significantly increase during hemodialysis [21, 22]. It might be related to the hyperactivation of macrophage activity by both uremia and the hemodialysis procedure itself [22]. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that hemodialysis is characterized by excessive oxidative stress status, resulting from the loss of antioxidants during hemodialysis procedures or dietary restrictions, and the accumulation of oxidative products. Deficiency of vitamin C and selenium, reduced intracellular levels of vitamin E, and the increased synthesis of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species as NO, are relevant mechanisms associated with hemodialysis excess of oxidative stress [23].
Since 2004, vitamin E has been submitted as drug therapy for hemodialysis microinflammation [24], and solid data are available on lowering oxidative stress and inflammation obtained using VIT−E dialyzers [25, 26]. We also observed a vast Treg number in hemodialysis patients, suggesting an increased immune tolerance when compared to controls [27]. However, little experimental data are available on the role that VIT−E have in regulating the immune response associated to IDO1 activity and NO formation. A monocyte−derived cell experimental model (THP−1), found alpha-tocopherol (a vitamin E analogue) to attenuate L−Trp and IDO1 related, apoptosis after induction by IFN−γ [28]. Currently, hemodialysis data on the role vitamin E on NO formation have are not available. Moreover, still controversial is the role of VIT−E hemodialysis in atherosclerosis, when complement regulation [29], oxidative stress and inflammation prevention are specific endpoints [19]. Large population−based studies associated high dietary vitamin E supplements with a lower risk of coronary heart disease. Nevertheless, interventional studies on population with large and/or maintenance hemodialysis patients, failed to show any beneficial effect of vitamin E oral intake in the development of coronary artery disease [30]. More consistent data are published on oxidative stress in the course of treatment with VIT−E, showing improved biocompatibility and reduced reactive oxygen species formation [30]. At present, papers on both blood IDO1 activity and NO formation in hemodialysis patients and related dialysis procedures have not been published. Aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of hemodialysis inflammaging, comparing IDO1 blood activity and NO formation in patients treated by standard low−flux polysulfone BHD, low−flux VIT−E hemodialysis, and polysulfone HDF.
Study design and rationale
This study was a randomized controlled observational crossover trial. Eighteen patients randomly sampled from our hemodialysis unit, have been included in the study. Exclusion criteria included recent illness (within the previous 2 months), significant anemia (Hb < 10 g/dl), autoimmune disease, current/previous (6 months) immunosuppressive treatment, but also systemic diseases such as diabetes, vasculitis, amyloidosis, rheumatic disease; HBV, HCV, HIV positivity, other active viral and/or bacterial infection, active cancer or after remission and previous transplantation.
All 18 chronic hemodialysis patients have been on a thrice−weekly hemodialysis regimen for at least 6 months, treated with standard low−flux polysulfone dialysis. In random sequence hemodialysis patients underwent a 4−hour thrice−weekly, 3−month period of a) standard low–flux bicarbonate hemodialysis with polysulfone membrane dialyzers, (BHD; FX10 Low−Flux, Helixone® membrane, ©Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGaA, Bad Hamburg, Germany), b) HDF (pre−dilution 70 ± 12 ml/min) with polysulfone membrane dialyzers (FX100 High−Flux, Helixone® membrane, ©Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGaA, Bad Hamburg, Germany) and c) standard low–flux VIT−E BHD (VitabranE® membrane E18, Asahi Kasei Kuraray Medical Co., Japan). Blood samples were taken at the end of the long interdialytic interval, at the beginning and at the end of each 3–month period of the study respectively. In order to evaluate the interference of the vitamin E–loaded membrane dialyzers on NO serum levels, blood samples were also taken simultaneously from arterial and venous lines at the beginning and 60 minutes after starting the same hemodialysis session and at the end of the last long interdialytic interval of each 3–month period of the study. Current therapy remained unchanged for the duration of the study. European Renal Best Practice (ERBP) guidelines for anaemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) were applied [31]. In detail, intravenous iron supplements were administrated as sodium ferric gluconate complex, or ferric caboxymaltose were administrated at the end of a hemodialysis session according to prescription, in order to maintain ferritin blood levels ≤ 800 ng/ml and transferrin saturation > 20%. Correction of hyperparathyroidism and hypertension treatment remained unchanged throughout the study. A control group of 14 hospital staff individuals, healthy for at least 6 months, were also recruited. Participant characteristics are summarized on Table 1.
Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristic of the chronic hemodialyzed patients
Chromatographic determination of kynurenine and L − tryptophan
Serum (1 ml) was deproteinized by 100 μl 30% trichloroacetic acid (Sigma−Aldrich, Italy). An amount (250 μl) of supernatant was added to 50 μl of aqueous solution 49.4 μmol/l of theophilline as per Internal Standard (IS, Sigma−Aldrich, Italy). For delayed analysis, deproteinised samples were stored at -80 °C for at least one month. Standard stock aqueous solutions (2.47 mmol/l for Kyn and 4.41 mmol/l for Trp, both from Sigma−Aldrich, Italy) were prepared and kept frozen at -80 °C. Working standard solutions were made by appropriate dilution of a standard mixture.
HPLC method issued from separation conditions for Kyn and L−Trp was developed by Zhen et al [32]. In the present method, separation was achieved on HP1100 LC system (Agilent Tecnologies S.p.A., Italy) using a column Supelco C18 LC18DB (Sigma−Aldrich, Italy) (150 mm x 4.6 mm, particles size 5 μ) by isocratic elution (30 °C, 30 minutes). Mobile phase consisted of 50 mmol/l acetic-acetate buffer pH 4,6 (Sigma−Aldrich, Italy) and Methanol HPLC grade (VWR International PBI s.r.l, Italy) (95:5 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Eluates were monitored by DAD set at λ 360 nm for Kyn and λ 275 nm for L−Trp and IS. Absorbancy at λ 220 nm and λ 302 nm were also obtained, absorbance ratios were used for identification and purity assessment of each peak. Sample injection was 50 μl.
IDO1 activity was assessed in sera as change of L−Trp and its catabolic product Kyn (Kyn/Trp ratio), simultaneously measured using an isocratic RP HPLC method with UV detection.
Total nitric oxide assay
We investigated the effects of dialysis treatment on NO serum levels in peripheral blood. Blood samples were obtained at the end of the long interdialytic interval of the last 3−month hemodialysis treatment periods. Moreover, during the last 3−month session of each hemodialysis treatment period, at the end of the long interdialytic interval, blood specimens were also taken 60 minutes after the beginning of the same hemodialysis session, simultaneously from the arterial and venous dialysis lines. We measured NO by photometric analysis with a nitrate/nitrite colorimetric assay kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). NO production was determined as NO2+ NO3- with the Griess reagent after reduction of nitrate, to nitrite with nitrate reductase. Although several authors showed inflammation marker and oxidative stress peaks after already 15–30 minutes from the beginning of a hemodialysis session [33, 34], we designed this study consistently with a previous paper [26] where we found a significant variation of NO serum levels for 60 minutes. Readings were at 540 nm, and baseline correction was carried out at 620 nm. The sensitivity limit of the assay was 1.35 μmol/l.
The CRP (n.v. ≤ 6 mg/dl) was measured by the local hospital laboratory using the Latex C-Reactive Protein immunoturbidimetric assay (Alpha Laboratories Eastleigh Hampshire, UK).
Data are presented as count or M ± SD and were analyzed by SPSS version 19.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). ANOVA with Bonferroni analysis was performed on all dependent variables. Percentage data were compared by X2 test to assess p-value significance. Two-tailed tests were conducted on all comparisons, and P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Table 1 shows demographic and clinical characteristics of hemodialysis patients compared to the control group. All patients were clinically stable, and hemodialysis Kt/V was always ≥ 1.2. Any vascular access, i.e. autologous arteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous graft or venous catheter, showed patency and a regular flow of > 300 ml/min during the study.
CRP was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients (8.38 ± 7.22 mg/dl) when compared to controls (3.52 ± 1.57 mg/dl, P < 0.05). Serum CRP levels were not significantly different among hemodialysis groups: BHD 9.23 ± 5.71 mg/dl, low−flux VIT−E 8.04 ± 4.02 mg/dl, HDF 7.87 ± 4.46 mg/dl.
IDO1 activity
Table 2 summarized the data of IDO1 activity, as Kyn, Trp blood levels and Kyn/Trp ratio in controls and all hemodialysis patients at the beginning and at the end of the study respectively. Regardless to hemodialysis procedure, the Kyn/Trp ratio was significantly higher when compared to controls (P < 0.01) showing an increased IDO1 blood activity in hemodialysis patients. A significantly increased IDO1 blood activity was also observed regardless of hemodialysis procedure or hemofilter membrane utilized when compared to controls.
Table 2 IDO1 activity in controls and all hemodialyzed patients at the end of the study
L−Trp levels in hemodialysis patients were significantly lower when compared to controls (P < 0.05), whereas Kyn increased significantly in hemodialysis patients vs controls (P < 0.05).
However, different hemodialysis treatments influenced IDO1 blood activity (Table 3). Treatment with VIT−E reduced significantly IDO1 activity when compared to treatment without vitamin E−loaded polysulfone membranes, regardless of BHD (P < 0.05) or HDF treatments (P < 0.05). Kyn in VIT−E hemodialysis patients was significantly lower when compared to both BHD (P < 0.05) and HDF (P < 0.05).
Table 3 IDO1 activity in hemodialyzed patients at the end of each trial treatment period
Figure 1 shows percent variation of IDO1 blood activity in different hemodialysis treatments compared to controls.
Average percent variation of blood IDO1 activity and serum NO formation in hemodialysis patients at the end of a long interdialytic interval. IDO1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase serum activity (kyn/L − trp); NO, nitric oxide (μmol/l); CON, hospital staff healthy volunteers; HD, hemodialysis; BHD, standard low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis by polysulfone membrane dialyzer; VIT − E, BHD with vitamin E − loaded polysulfone membrane (Excebrane®) dialyzer; HDF, hemodiafiltration with polysulfone membrane dialyzer; *, P < 0.05 vs All HD, BHD, HDF
Plasma nitric oxide
Data have been shown in Table 4. NO blood levels were significantly lower in controls when compared to patients under any hemodialysis procedures. NO levels were significantly higher in blood samples taken before hemodialysis treatment, in BHD and HDF when compared to VIT−E hemodialysis patients (P < 0.05). Surprisingly, NO serum levels of blood sampled from the venous line of VIT−E hemodialysis patients were significantly lower when compared to the arterial blood sampled from the same hemodialysis line. They were measured simultaneously, throughout the same treatment, at the end of the long interdialytic interval during the last VIT−E period hemodialysis session, after 1−hour VIT−E hemodialysis (Fig. 2). Percent reduction of venous vs arterial line was -22.6%. On the other hand, both BHD and HDF NO concentrations in venous hemodialysis line increased compared to arterial hemodialysis line.
Table 4 NO serum levels (μmol/l) in controls and hemodialyzed patients at the end of a 3 − month period long interdialytic interval HD session. During the same hemodialysis treatment blood was also drawn simultaneously, 60 min after the beginning, from both arterial and venous blood lines
Average serum NO percent variations during the same treatment, 60 − min after the beginning of the hemodialysis session at the end of the last 3 − month period long interdialytic interval. Blood contemporarily sampled from arterial and venous blood lines. NO, nitric oxide (μmol/l); HD, hemodialysis; BHD, standard low−flux bicarbonate HD by polysulfone membrane dialyzer; VIT − E, BHD with vitamin E − loaded polysulfone membrane (Excebrane®) dialyzer; HDF, hemodiafiltration with polysulfone membrane dialyzer; *, P < 0.05 vs BHD and HDF
Figure 1 shows comparison among percent variations of NO formation in all hemodialysis treatments and controls.
In the present study on chronic hemodialysis patients, we have observed elevated IDO1 blood activity and the increase of NO serum levels when matched to healthy individuals. These findings are consistent with published data on uremic patients [20]. Previous results reported that cellulose compared with more biocompatible synthetic membranes such as modified cellulose (e.g. Hemophan®) or polysulphone dialyzers, revealed a lower reactive oxygen species production and higher vitamin E in hemodialysis patients serum levels [35].
The limited number of hemodialysis patients included is a clear study limitation. However, we observed that stratifying our results according to the hemodialysis treatment, VIT–E showed reduced IDO1 blood activity and lower NO serum levels when compared to BHD and HDF patients respectively. Our data also show significantly reduced NO serum levels in VIT–E blood, sampled just after vitamin E–coated membrane surface contact, when compared to BHD and HDF blood samples. It is also relevant to observe that hemodialysis performed by VIT−E was performed as standard low−flux hemodialysis treatment, and solute clearance was not subject to norm as it is in HDF procedures [36]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of IDO1 blood activity and NO serum levels, analysed in standard polysulfone low−flux hemodialysis with or without vitamin E–coated membranes, and HDF.
IDO1 is an ever−present mammalian cytosolic enzyme responsible for catalysing the initial step of Trp catabolism. Trp metabolism has also been identified as a metabolic checkpoint of immuno−regulation, modulating T−cell behaviour including antimicrobial and antitumor defence, antioxidant activity and suppression of autoimmunity. IDO1 activity is increased during hemodialysis, and it is believed that IDO1 expression usually triggers macrophage polarization towards the anti−inflammatory M2 anti−inflammatory phenotype [36]. However, solid data also show that IDO1 cell overexpression decreasing Trp levels may also lead to the production of toxic Kyn metabolites, promoting the release of pro−inflammatory cytokines, polarizing instead macrophages to the M1 pro−inflammatory phenotype [37]. Moreover, a significant link has been found between the increase of Kyn/Trp ratio values and the lowering of vtamin E plasma levels [38]. If there is an IDO1 overexpression in hemodialysis inflammaging, this may explain the coexistence of uremic inflammation and increased immune tolerance. We hypothesize that VIT−E, associated with IDO1 down−regulation, reduces the total number of activated M1− and/or M2−type macrophages, partially adjusting hemodialysis innate immunity dysregulation. Our data show that VIT−E reduces IDO1 blood activity, confirming the acknowledged role vitamin E–loaded dialyzers have in lowering hemodialysis inflammation [7]. It also suggests VIT−E a role has in reducing hemodialysis inflammaging.
Macrophage activation has been reported during the course of hemodialysis, and its triggering results as the main source of mammalian NO. High blood levels of NO modulate not only the innate and adaptive immunity, but also T and B cell differentiation and tumor resistance. High plasma NO levels, have been reported in chronic hemodialysis patients. NO is also produced during hemodialysis, and is known to have a short half−life, as well as showing serum level reduction after the passage of blood through the hemodialysis hemofilter. The local availability of abundant vitamin E anchored to dialysis membrane may have been particularly effective in contrasting dialysis reactive oxygen species generation, and it is important to hypothesize that vitamin E could interfere on hemodialysis macrophage differentiation [38] in VIT−E patients. Our data show that hemodialysis NO plasma formation was significantly reduced after VIT−E treatment when compared to BHD and HDF patients.
Inflammaging is a recently identified immune disorder recognized as a new medical field of human aging, with a growing incidence in metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes and obesity, also related to the growing elderly population worldwide [39]. Aging of the immune system is associated with vaccination resistance, sepsis, and is common in hemodialysis and chronic kidney disease. Immune accelerate aging has instead been observed in chronic inflammation disorders such as HIV, limitating both innate and adaptive immunity [40]. We believe that the accumulation of self−produced toxins in hemodialysis patients, associated with long−term exposure to hemofilter membranes as polysulfone, are highly susceptible to chronic sterile low−grade inflammation, accelerated immunosenescence as well as inflammaging.
IDO1 expression is known to induce the suppression of effector T cells, promoting Treg activation and tolerance. Recently, IDO1 activity has been identified as a potential clinical marker of bacterial infection in hemodialysis patients [41], linking dysregulation of the immune system to hemodialysis chronic microinflammation and risk of infection. Experimental data support the hypothesis that IDO1 suppresses innate and adaptive immune responses, confirming its relevance to promote chronic inflammatory syndromes [42]. Elevated NO levels have also been found in patients with chronic kidney disease [22]. NO is a recognized effector of innate and adaptive immune response, modulating myeloid cell activities, and further promoting chronic microinflammatory disorders [43].
We hypothesize that hemodialysis microinflammation inducing accelerated immunosenescence and inflammaging could be associated with susceptibility to infections, malignancy and resistance to vaccination. Our data on hemodialysis patients treated with VIT−E, suggest that lowering IDO1 activity and NO formation could partially preserve immune system dysregulation during hemodialysis inflammaging.
BHD:
Low−flux bicarbonate hemodialysis
CRP:
C−reactive Protein
DAD:
Hb:
HBV:
Hepatitiv B virus
HCV:
HDF:
Hemodialfitration
HIV:
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1
IFN−γ:
Interferon−gamma
Kt/V:
Dialysis urea clearance normalized for body size
Kyn:
Kynurenine
L−Trp:
L−tryptophan
Trp:
VIT−E:
BHD with vitamin E−loaded hemofilters
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Liakopoulos V, Roumeliotis S, Gorny X, Dounousi E, Mertens PR. Oxidative Stress in Hemodialysis Patients: A Review of the Literature. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:3081856. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3081856.
Schindler R. Causes and therapy of microinflammation in renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;Suppl 5:V34–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfh1054.
Yang SK, Xiao L, Xu B, Xu XX, Liu FY, Sun L. Effects of vitamin E-coated dialyzer on oxidative stress and inflammation status in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail. 2014;36(5):722–31. https://doi.org/10.3109/0886022X.2014.890858.
Libetta C, Zucchi M, Gori E, Sepe V, Galli F, Meloni F, Milanesi F, Dal CA. Vitamin E-loaded dialyzer resets PBMC-operated cytokine network in dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2004;65(4):1473–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00528.x.
Libetta C, Esposito P, Sepe V, Portalupi V, Margiotta E, Canevari M, Dal CA. Dialysis treatment and regulatory T cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(5):1723–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfq055.
Morita T, Saito K, Takemura M, Maekawa N, Fujigaki S, Fujii H, Wada H, Takeuchi S, Noma A, Seishima M. 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, an L-tryptophan metabolite, induces apoptosis in monocyte-derived cells stimulated by interferon-gamma. Ann Clin Biochem. 2001;38(Pt 3):242–51. https://doi.org/10.1258/0004563011900461.
Lines SW, Richardson VR, Thomas B, Dunn EJ, Wright MJ, Carter AM. Complement and Cardiovascular Disease--The Missing Link in Haemodialysis Patients. Nephron. 2016;132(1):5–14. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442426.
Liakopoulos V, Roumeliotis S, Bozikas A, Eleftheriadis T, Dounousi E. Antioxidant Supplementation in Renal Replacement Therapy Patients: Is There Evidence? Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019:9109473. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9109473.
Mikhail A, Brown C, Williams JA, Mathrani V, Shrivastava R, Evans J, Isaac H, Bhandari S. Renal association clinical practice guideline on Anaemia of Chronic Kidney Disease. BMC Nephrol. 2017;18(1):345. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-017-0688-1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-017-0688-1.
Zhen Q, Huang X, Zhang X, Ban Y, Ding M. Simultaneous determination of tryptophan and its key metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography with programmed wavelength ultraviolet detection. Se Pu. 2011;29(5):435–8 https://doi.org, not available.
Maher ER, Wickens DG, Griffin JF, Kyle P, Curtis JR, Dormandy TL. Increased free-radical activity during haemodialysis? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1987;2(3):169–71 https://doi.org, not available.
Himmelfarb J, Ault KA, Holbrook D, Leeber DA, Hakim RM. Intradialytic granulocyte reactive oxygen species production: a prospective, crossover trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1993;4(2):178–86 https://doi.org, not available.
Liakopoulos V, Roumeliotis S, Zarogiannis S, Eleftheriadis T, Mertens PR. Oxidative stress in hemodialysis: Causative mechanisms, clinical implications, and possible therapeutic interventions. Semin Dial. 2019;32(1):58–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/sdi.12745.
Carracedo J, Merino A, Nogueras S, Carretero D, Berdud I, Ramírez R, Tetta C, Rodríguez M, Martín-Malo A, Aljama P. On-line hemodiafiltration reduces the proinflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocyte-derived dendritic cells: A prospective, crossover study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17(8):2315–21. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2006020105.
Koga Y, Fujieda H, Meguro H, Ueno Y, Aoki T, Miwa K, Kainoh M. Biocompatibility of Polysulfone Hemodialysis Membranes and Its Mechanisms: Involvement of Fibrinogen and Its Integrin Receptors in Activation of Platelets and Neutrophils. Artif Organs. 2018;42(9):E246–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.13268.
Wallert M, Schmölz L, Koeberle A, Krauth V, Glei M, Galli F, Werz O, Birringer M, Lorkowski S. α-Tocopherol long-chain metabolite α-13′-COOH affects the inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharide-activated murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015;59(8):1524–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201400737.
Mellor AL, Lemos H, Huang L. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Tolerance: Where Are We Now? Front Immunol. 2017;8:1360. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01360.
Pathai S, Bajillan H, Landay AL, High KP. Is HIV a model of accelerated or accentuated aging? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(7):833–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glt168.
Chen Y, Xie Z, Xiao C, Zhang M, Li Z, Xie J, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zeng P, Mo L, Liang X, Shi W. Peripheral kynurenine/tryptophan ratio is not a reliable marker of systemic indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: A lesson drawn from patients on hemodialysis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(15):25261–9. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.15705.
Bailey KL, Smith LM, Heires AJ, Katafiasz DM, Romberger DJ, LeVan TD. Aging leads to dysfunctional innate immune responses to TLR2 and TLR4 agonists. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019;31(9):1185–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-1064-0.
Bogdan C. Nitric oxide synthase in innate and adaptive immunity: an update. Trends Immunol. 2015;36(3):161–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2015.01.003.
The authors would like to thank Miss Alicia Strohofer for editing the manuscript.
Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Transplantation; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico «San Matteo», Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
Vincenzo Sepe, Marilena Gregorini, Teresa Rampino, Pasquale Esposito & Carmelo Libetta
UOC di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Trapianto, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico «San Matteo», Viale Camillo Golgi, 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
Vincenzo Sepe
Chair of Nephrology, University of Pavia, Corso Strada Nuova 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy
Marilena Gregorini & Carmelo Libetta
Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Regina Margherita Hospital 94, Piazza Polonia, 10126, Torino, Italy
Rosanna Coppo
Università degli Studi di Perugia, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Branch of Via del Giochetto, building B, 2nd floor, 06123, Perugia, Italy
Francesco Galli
Marilena Gregorini
Teresa Rampino
Carmelo Libetta
VS has developed the research design, redacted the manuscript, and is the corresponding author. MG has collected and elaborated the statistical analysis of the manuscript data. TR has recruited all study patients, and hospital staff healthy volunteers as control group. PE has planned the sample collection throughout the study. RC and FG have has developed the research design with VS and CL, and have analyzed all blood samples. CL has supervised the research design, data collection all over the study, and the final version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Vincenzo Sepe.
The present study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of "Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico «San Matteo»" of Pavia, Italy. All patients provided written informed consent.
Our study is not a case report, and identifying images or other personal or clinical detail of participants that compromise anonymity are not included. Consent to publish from the patients, or in case of minors, the patients' guardians is "Not Applicable".
Sepe, V., Gregorini, M., Rampino, T. et al. Vitamin e-loaded membrane dialyzers reduce hemodialysis inflammaging. BMC Nephrol 20, 412 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-019-1585-6
Indoleamine 2,3−dioxygenase
Inflammaging
Vitamin E−loaded multi−layer hemodialysis filter


text:
Effective: May 24, 2018
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text:
Le diocèse de Møre est l'un des onze diocèses que compte actuellement l'Église de Norvège de confession luthérienne.

Son territoire s'étend sur l'ensemble du comté de Møre og Romsdal, tandis que son siège se trouve à la cathédrale de Molde. Depuis 2008, l'évêque diocésienne est Ingeborg Midttømme.

Églises
 Église de Valderøy, en Giske

Møre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Quora: How do I overcome the fear of wearing contact lenses?
Quora: How often should I change contact lenses when I wear glasses most days?
Why Do My Eyes Get Tired Faster When I Wear Contacts Versus Glasses?
Do You Practice Good Contact Lens Hygiene?


text:
Q: Component and linker library Now I am reading documentation and come across these concepts:
# Define link options and environment variables for loading component library
# Define link options and environment variables for loading linker library

What are component library and linker library? (Googling hasn't given me any sensible results)

A: Those are fundamentally different concepts which breaks down to the following:
When you use code parts of a component library (suffix .a), those become an integral part of the resulting binary. The library itself is not needed any more then.
A "linker library" is linked dynamically at runtime (suffix .so) and the code used from it is not part of your binary. You (resp. your system environment) will have to provide the shared library (or a compatible one) at runtime.


Inside: Get your kids outside and exploring their environment with this free printable nature scavenger hunt for kids.
We're winding down our third week in the at home summer camp for kids series.
There have been so many fun activities ranging from ladybug rock art to splatter painting to nature story cards and so much more.
Today, we're combining the indoor activity of coloring and the outdoor activity of a nature scavenger hunt to create a fun game for kids that's the best of both worlds!
Read on below to see just how educational and fun this outdoor scavenger hunt can be.
Sometimes getting your kids away from the tv and outside into nature can be a bit of a challenge.
Or maybe you go to the park or playground so often it gets kinda monotonous.
Just adding one little thing like this simple nature scavenger hunt for kids can change everything, especially when you turn it into a fun game!
Kids will have a blast searching their backyard, the neighborhood, park or wherever you go to find the items on the board.
To begin, print off the picture scavenger hunt board. I like to print it on thick cardstock paper so it's more durable when we bring it outside.
Next, let your child color in each of the pictures and talk about what each of the items is.
Tell them you're going to go outside on a hunt to find as many items as possible!
To turn this hunt into more of a dramatic play activity, have your child dress up as an animal researcher or biologist before you head outside.
Have them wear khaki bottoms, a t-shirt, tennis shoes and bring kid's binoculars, a magnifying glass, and any other tools that might be useful (like tweezers).
Once you're outside, let your child lead the exploration as much as possible.
Where do birds usually build nests?
Do you think you'd find a bug under some rocks or on a tree?
Do mushrooms usually grow in the sun or in the shade?
When your child finds an item on their list, let them put a check mark or "X" on the corner of that item.
After you've found all the items you can in your location, talk to your child about the hunt.
Ask them what their favorite part was, what the most exciting discovery turned out to be or any other questions you can think of to get their mind reviewing the experience they just had.
I'm sure your child will love this new nature experience, so don't forget to download your free copy below!


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Book reviews, poetry and a little bit of everything...
If I Run by Terri Blackstock (Netgalley)
My goodness, "If I Run" by Terri Blackstock is wonderful. It helped me come to grips again with the fact that we do live in a fallen world. People like Keegan, Frank Dotson and other people are deliberately cruel. One of the characters is stabbed six times. Who is behind it all? Try and guess. It's shocking. A girl is kept in captivity for two years. It's all heartbreaking.
On the other hand, God's people are just as real and mightier than those who perpetrate awful crimes on innocent people. There are people who have God's goodness in their heart. These are people like Miss. Lucy and Dylan and of course, Casey. I found it amazing that Casey, accused of murder, had the heart to care deeply about a mother and child. she had never met. She was willing to sacrifice her life to save their life. I think of Jesus who is the Greatest One to sacrifice His life for us. Saving us from death before we had repented of our sins.
I also thought about the hardships childr…
Cat Thursday My cat wishes your cat a Happy New Year, 2017
truebookaddict.com/2016/12/cat
The Kill Fee by Fiona Veitch Smith (Lion Fiction)
I am really liking this Russian mystery. I was drawn to the book because of the Faberge eggs. Those are so beautiful. While reading I've become more interested in knowing about the lives of the Tsar and Tsarina and children, their lives before the murders. I have seen a movie about Anastasia. thesipadvisor.com/tag/faberge-egg/
In the book, there is the mention of Rasputin. When I first read a little bit about this man, his life spooked me. So at this time I have no interest about reading further about him. I do want to read about his daughter. In this instance, it's an old novel titled "Rasputin's Daughter" by Robert Alexander.
goodreads.com/book/show/136961.Rasputin
Another Christmas mystery by Anne Perry
I suppose it's in the certificate of death where the cause of death is written. I've never thought these forms could seem important to any one but those closely involved with the deceased. Now while reading Anne Perry's "A Christmas Visitor," I find a cause of death listed as "taken by fairies!" I'm shocked! However, I shouldn't feel stunned. All societies have people who take their superstitions quite literally. I would like to know if there are any other original or peculiar causes of death listed in past records. anneperry.co.uk/books/christmas/54/
"They used to write that in as cause of death sometimes, you know ? Taken by fairies!"
http://fredasvoice.com
Then there's Lord Peter. He lost out at the show when your bull got first prize. Though the prize money on its own isn't much, the value is enormous as it attracts breeders to the estate.
October 1917, Moscow
Above the glow of gaslight a sprinkling of stars was beginning to appear. A man kicked at the golden leaves carpeting the pavement which would, by morning, have a dusting of frost.
A Christmas Garland by Anne Perry
This is such a small, special book by Anne Perry. "A Christmas Garland" is filled with inspirational, hopeful thoughts for Christmas and any time of the year. I wanted to take time out and write down many quotes. The novella is also filled with a historical time in India's history. One man is under fire for the escape of an Indian prisoner after the Siege of Cawnpore. It is a brutal era that affected the British and the people of India. There were times I didn't want to read the details of this period. However, I trusted Anne Perry, and she handled the brutality with as much dignity as possible. The death of Chuttur is very ugly also. Think of hacking.
There is a courtroom drama. It's very interesting and passionate. There is a man named Narraway who takes on the case of Mr. Tallis, an orderly. Narraway is a reminder of Atticus Finch from "To Kill A Mockingbird." Narraway has a hard case to prove. He definitely doesn't want a man to han…
Give A Little Love by Rhonda McKnight
Not surprisingly, I am really liking the romance and History in Rhonda McKnight's novella, "Give A Little Love." The hero or main character is named after Marcus Garvey. I've always heard of Marcus Garvey's Back to Africa movement. Just from a few sentences I've learned more about this famous man, Marcus Garvey.
"I was named after (Marcus Garvey) him. This book was published in 1923 when he was in prison in Atlanta. It's one of many pieces I've collected over the years...I like being named after such a powerful man. I try to live up to my name every day."nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/twenty/tkeyinfo/garvey
What Is On The Flap Of Your Book?
Is this possibly a meme?
Finally, I am in the Christmas mood. The credit goes to Anne Perry, the famous mystery author. I can't stop reading her Christmas series. Now I'm ready for my next one. It's titled "A Christmas Garland." The flap is very interesting and sad. First, the novella takes place in India. It's a courtroom drama. An innocent man is charged with a crime. It is 1857, after The Siege of Cawnpore. When I picked this novella, I didn't realize it would tell about India's history.
"This time the mistress of mystery tells the story of a terrible crime that sets the stage for another: accusing an innocent man of murder."
Games of Make - Believe by Julie Ann Wambach (Brookside Press)
This novel reads like a true story. The writing style is great. However, it is a sad one to read during the holidays. The novel, "Games of Make - Believe" by Julie Ann Wambach happens in Utah, Phoenix Arizona and Virginia. It's about traditional and untraditional families. It's also about marriage, and it's unexpected difficulties. There were twists and turns. An orange limousine showed up giving me a moment of laughter. I had only seen black ones.
On the more serious side is the illness of a child. I've never known much about Diabetes in children especially for a child so young. It is good when a book can awaken our feelings about adult problems. It is especially good to learn more about the needs of children. Julie Ann Wambach writes tenderly and with concern about children. I did not expect to read about grown-ups taking advantage of children. Perhaps, it would help to give a warning that the mother, Bella, does experience this happening to her two little…
He Is Merciful
I am thinking of this mercy story. It's found in "The Prayer God Loves To Answer." Pastor Henderson gives a very personal mercy story. Although it's a military family, there is much of his story that reminds me of my "mercy story." I wasn't married yet. I didn't have children yet. My mercy story happened at the home place. I am wondering if there is a mercy granted each day. I shouldn't have to travel back a hundred years to find one. Is there a scripture written about new mercies coming into my life every day?
"I was truly "mercied" by the cross...I can never forget the mercy of Christ to my family and, accordingly, to my life."
Theme images by MichaelDeLeon
Cat Thursday My cat wishes your cat a Happy New Ye...
Games of Make - Believe by Julie Ann Wambach (Broo...
AVON/HARPER COLLINS
BASCOM HILL PUBLISHING GROUP
BETHANY HOUSE CHRISTIAN FICTION
BETHANY HOUSE PUB.
CENTER STREET HATCHETT BOOKS
FAITH WORDS
FaithWords Book Review
HEARTSONG CHRISTIAN FICTION
Howard/ SIMON AND SCHUSTER
Little Brown and Company New York London
Monday meme
MULTNOMAH PUBLISHERS
Reaching out for the unknown
Scripture Memory Verse Mime
Spiritual Sunday
Star Publish
SUNDOWNERS 7 MOUNTAIN VIEW PUBLISHING DIVISIONS OF TREBLE HEART BOOKS PUBLISHING
Thankful Thurs.
Thomas Nelson / Book Breeze
Thomas Nelson Book Review
Thomas Nelson THE ANCIENT PRACTICES SERIES
Thursday mime
Tyndale House /Paula Krapf Author Marketing Experts
Tyndale Pub.
TYNDALE PUB. ARC
WBCampbell Pub.
What did you learn this week?


text:
Weaver, R. A., Mabee, S. B., Williams, K. W. & Curry, P. J. Factors influencing groundwater inflows in a newly constructed cross-strike tunnel, eastern Massachusetts; 5, Geochemical interpretation of groundwater inflows. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 31, 348 - 348 (1999).
Hardcastle, K. C., Curry, P. J., Williams, K. W. & Mabee, S. B. Factors influencing groundwater inflows in a newly constructed cross-strike tunnel, eastern Massachusetts; 2, Fracture-supported coincident lineaments and subsurface structures. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 31, 348 - 348 (1999).
Williams, K. W., Mabee, S. B., Hardcastle, K. C. & Curry, P. J. Factors influencing groundwater inflows in a newly constructed cross-strike tunnel, eastern Massachusetts; 4, Occurrence and characterization of groundwater inflows. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 31, 348 - 348 (1999).
Manda, A. K., Mabee, S. B. & Hubbs, S. A. Field mapping and fracture characterization techniques predict groundwater preferential flow paths in fractured bedrock aquifers, Nashoba Terrane, MA. AGU Fall Conference, 2005 86, 1477 (2005).
Nathan, S. A., Leckie, M. R. & Mabee, S. B. Foraminifera ecology on the continental shelf, Merrimack Embayment, Gulf of Maine, New England. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 42, 82 - 82 (2010).
Mabee, S. B. & Kopera, J. P. Fracture characterization maps; a new type of geologic map for hydrogeologic applications. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 37, 145 - 145 (2005).
Salamoff, S. A., Mabee, S. B., Kopera, J. P. & Wise, D. U. Fracture characterization of crystalline bedrock for groundwater investigations; an example from the Marlborough Quadrangle, Massachusetts. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 36, 113 - 113 (2004).
Mabee, S. B. & Hardcastle, K. C. Fracture characterization; valuable inputs for modeling groundwater flow in fractured bedrock. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 28, 77 - 77 (1996).
Mabee, S. B. & Kopera, J. P. Fracture patterns across two terrane boundaries in eastern Massachusetts; implications for regional groundwater flow and recharge. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 38, 434 - 434 (2006).
Kopera, J. P. et al. Geochemistry of gneisses and amphibolites in the Uchee Belt of western Georgia and eastern Alabama; an ACRES progress report. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 32, 31 - 31 (2000).
Rhodes, J. M., Koteas, C. G. & Mabee, S. B. Granite as a geothermal resource in the Northeast. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 44, 76 - 76 (2012).
Kopera, J. P., P. House, K., Schmidt, M. & Clark, R. Guiding principles for use of digital technology in geologic data collection and distribution. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 46, 75 - 75 (2014).
Koteas, C. G., Rhodes, J. M., Mabee, S. B., Goodhue, N. & Adams, S. A. Identifying and examining potential geothermal resources in non-traditional regions, examples from the northeastern U.S. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 43, 40 - 40 (2011).
Koteas, C. G. et al. Implications for non-traditional geothermal resources in southern New England; variability in heat potential based on thermal conductivity and geochemistry studies. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 44, 76 - 77 (2012).
Fleming, B. J., Boutt, D. F. & Mabee, S. B. Implications of diurnal river fluctuations on mass transport in a valley-fill aquifer. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 38, 468 - 468 (2006).
Becker, L. R. et al. Improving seismic hazard assessment in New England through the use of surficial geologic maps and expert analysis. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 45, 50 - 51 (2013).
Kopera, J. P. The influence of ductile structure and rheological heterogeneity on brittle structures as exhibited by Avalonian granites in southeastern Massachusetts. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 40, 3 (2008).
Mabee, S. B., Woodruff, J. D., Fellows, J. & Kopera, J. P. Landslides from Tropical Storm Irene in the Deerfield Watershed, western Massachusetts. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 45, 83 - 84 (2013).
Mabee, S. B. Lineaments; their value in assessing regional groundwater availability and quality in bedrock aquifers of glaciated metamorphic terrains; a case study. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 25, 35 - 35 (1993).
Kopera, J. P. The Nashoba Terrane: A new tectonostratigraphy and shared structural styles with the Merrimack belt in Massachusetts. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 47, 42 (2015).
Kopera, J. P. & Mabee, S. B. A new way of looking at, and mapping, bedrock; the hydrostructural domain map of the Ayer Quadrangle, northeastern Massachusetts. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 38, 166 - 166 (2006).
Thompson, P. J., Kopera, J. P. & Solway, D. R. Stratigraphy and structure of the rocks underlying Boston Harbor: new insights on the Cambridge argillite and associated diamictites and diabase sills. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 44, 43 (2012).
Kopera, J. P. & Massey, M. A. A structural framework for the Nashoba Terrane in eastern Massachusetts. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 45, 107 (2013).
Venti, N. L. et al. Subtle modification of glacially derived materials along Massachusetts' southern coast by passing summer storms. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America 47, 136 (2015).