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DistrictBug offers details on school districts and ISDs. This record is for VALHALLA UFSD school district in VALHALLA, NY. ISD and school district data is deemed reliable, but not guaranteed. More info at SchoolBug.


Audre Lorde, the Berlin Years, 1984-1992 explores a little-known chapter in Audre Lorde's life before and after the fall of the Berlin Wall. An acclaimed African-American poet and activist, Lorde's incisive, often angry, and always brilliant writings and speeches defined and inspired the American feminist, lesbian, African-American, and women of color movements of the 1970s and 1980s. Join us for a screening and conversation between the director Dagmar Schultz and the distinguished historian Blanche Wiesen Cook.


text:
package org.springframework.jms.listener;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.Session;

import org.springframework.core.Constants;
import org.springframework.core.task.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor;
import org.springframework.core.task.TaskExecutor;
import org.springframework.jms.JmsException;
import org.springframework.jms.support.JmsUtils;
import org.springframework.jms.support.destination.CachingDestinationResolver;
import org.springframework.jms.support.destination.DestinationResolver;
import org.springframework.scheduling.SchedulingAwareRunnable;
import org.springframework.scheduling.SchedulingTaskExecutor;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;

/**
 * Message listener container variant that uses plain JMS client API, specifically
 * a loop of MessageConsumer.receive() calls that also allow for
 * transactional reception of messages (registering them with XA transactions).
 * Designed to work in a native JMS environment as well as in a J2EE environment,
 * with only minimal differences in configuration.
 *
 *
NOTE: This class requires a JMS 1.1+ provider, because it builds on
 * the domain-independent API. Use the {@link DefaultMessageListenerContainer102}
 * subclass for a JMS 1.0.2 provider, e.g. when running on a J2EE 1.3 server.
 *
 *
This is a simple but nevertheless powerful form of message listener container.
 * On startup, it obtains a fixed number of JMS Sessions to invoke the listener,
 * and optionally allows for dynamic adaptation at runtime (up until a maximum number).
 * Like {@link SimpleMessageListenerContainer}, its main advantage is its low level
 * of runtime complexity, in particular the minimal requirements on the JMS provider:
 * Not even the JMS ServerSessionPool facility is required. Beyond that, it is
 * fully self-recovering in case of the broker being temporarily unavailable,
 * and allows for stops/restarts as well as runtime changes to its configuration.
 *
 *
Actual MessageListener execution happens in asynchronous work units which are
 * created through Spring's {@link org.springframework.core.task.TaskExecutor}
 * abstraction. By default, the specified number of invoker tasks will be created
 * on startup, according to the {@link #setConcurrentConsumers "concurrentConsumers"}
 * setting. Specify an alternative TaskExecutor to integrate with an existing
 * thread pool facility (such as a J2EE server's), for example using a
 * {@link org.springframework.scheduling.commonj.WorkManagerTaskExecutor CommonJ WorkManager}.
 * With a native JMS setup, each of those listener threads is going to use a
 * cached JMS Session and MessageConsumer (only refreshed in case of failure),
 * using the JMS provider's resources as efficiently as possible.
 *
 *
Message reception and listener execution can automatically be wrapped
 * in transactions through passing a Spring
 * {@link org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager} into the
 * {@link #setTransactionManager "transactionManager"} property. This will usually
 * be a {@link org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager} in a
 * J2EE enviroment, in combination with a JTA-aware JMS ConnectionFactory obtained
 * from JNDI (check your J2EE server's documentation). Note that this listener
 * container will automatically reobtain all JMS handles for each transaction
 * in case of an external transaction manager specified, for compatibility with
 * all J2EE servers (in particular JBoss). This non-caching behavior can be
 * overridden through the {@link #setCacheLevel "cacheLevel"} /
 * {@link #setCacheLevelName "cacheLevelName"} property, enforcing caching
 * of the Connection (or also Session and MessageConsumer) even in case of
 * an external transaction manager being involved.
 *
 *
Dynamic scaling of the number of concurrent invokers can be activated
 * through specifying a {@link #setMaxConcurrentConsumers "maxConcurrentConsumers"}
 * value that is higher than the {@link #setConcurrentConsumers "concurrentConsumers"}
 * value. Since the latter's default is 1, you can also simply specify a
 * "maxConcurrentConsumers" of e.g. 5, which will lead to dynamic scaling up to
 * 5 concurrent consumers in case of increasing message load, as well as dynamic
 * shrinking back to the standard number of consumers once the load decreases.
 * Consider adapting the {@link #setIdleTaskExecutionLimit "idleTaskExecutionLimit"}
 * setting to control the lifespan of each new task, to avoid frequent scaling up
 * and down, in particular if the ConnectionFactory does not pool JMS Sessions
 * and/or the TaskExecutor does not pool threads (check your configuration!).
 * Note that dynamic scaling only really makes sense for a queue in the first
 * place; for a topic, you will typically stick with the default number of 1
 * consumer, else you'd receive the same message multiple times on the same node.
 *
 *
It is strongly recommended to either set {@link #setSessionTransacted
 * "sessionTransacted"} to "true" or specify an external {@link #setTransactionManager
 * "transactionManager"}. See the {@link AbstractMessageListenerContainer}
 * javadoc for details on acknowledge modes and native transaction options,
 * as well as the {@link AbstractPollingMessageListenerContainer} javadoc
 * for details on configuring an external transaction manager.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 2.0
 * @see #setTransactionManager
 * @see #setCacheLevel
 * @see javax.jms.MessageConsumer#receive(long)
 * @see SimpleMessageListenerContainer
 * @see org.springframework.jms.listener.endpoint.JmsMessageEndpointManager
 */
public class DefaultMessageListenerContainer extends AbstractPollingMessageListenerContainer {

	/**
	 * Default thread name prefix: "DefaultMessageListenerContainer-".
	 */
	public static final String DEFAULT_THREAD_NAME_PREFIX =
			ClassUtils.getShortName(DefaultMessageListenerContainer.class) + "-";

	/**
	 * The default recovery interval: 5000 ms = 5 seconds.
	 */
	public static final long DEFAULT_RECOVERY_INTERVAL = 5000;

	/**
	 * Constant that indicates to cache no JMS resources at all.
	 * @see #setCacheLevel
	 */
	public static final int CACHE_NONE = 0;

	/**
	 * Constant that indicates to cache a shared JMS Connection.
	 * @see #setCacheLevel
	 */
	public static final int CACHE_CONNECTION = 1;

	/**
	 * Constant that indicates to cache a shared JMS Connection
	 * and a JMS Session for each listener thread.
	 * @see #setCacheLevel
	 */
	public static final int CACHE_SESSION = 2;

	/**
	 * Constant that indicates to cache a shared JMS Connection
	 * and a JMS Session for each listener thread, as well as
	 * a JMS MessageConsumer for each listener thread.
	 * @see #setCacheLevel
	 */
	public static final int CACHE_CONSUMER = 3;

	/**
	 * Constant that indicates automatic choice of an appropriate
	 * caching level (depending on the transaction management strategy).
	 * @see #setCacheLevel
	 */
	public static final int CACHE_AUTO = 4;

	private static final Constants constants = new Constants(DefaultMessageListenerContainer.class);

	private TaskExecutor taskExecutor;

	private long recoveryInterval = DEFAULT_RECOVERY_INTERVAL;

	private int cacheLevel = CACHE_AUTO;

	private int concurrentConsumers = 1;

	private int maxConcurrentConsumers = 1;

	private int maxMessagesPerTask = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

	private int idleConsumerLimit = 1;

	private int idleTaskExecutionLimit = 1;

	private final Set scheduledInvokers = new HashSet();

	private int activeInvokerCount = 0;

	private Runnable stopCallback;

	private Object currentRecoveryMarker = new Object();

	private final Object recoveryMonitor = new Object();

	/**
	 * Set the Spring TaskExecutor to use for running the listener threads.
	 *
Default is a {@link org.springframework.core.task.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor},
	 * starting up a number of new threads, according to the specified number
	 * of concurrent consumers.
	 *
Specify an alternative TaskExecutor for integration with an existing
	 * thread pool. Note that this really only adds value if the threads are
	 * managed in a specific fashion, for example within a J2EE environment.
	 * A plain thread pool does not add much value, as this listener container
	 * will occupy a number of threads for its entire lifetime.
	 * @see #setConcurrentConsumers
	 * @see org.springframework.core.task.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor
	 * @see org.springframework.scheduling.commonj.WorkManagerTaskExecutor
	 */
	public void setTaskExecutor(TaskExecutor taskExecutor) {
		this.taskExecutor = taskExecutor;
	}

	/**
	 * Specify the interval between recovery attempts, in milliseconds.
	 * The default is 5000 ms, that is, 5 seconds.
	 * @see #handleListenerSetupFailure
	 */
	public void setRecoveryInterval(long recoveryInterval) {
		this.recoveryInterval = recoveryInterval;
	}

	/**
	 * Specify the level of caching that this listener container is allowed to apply,
	 * in the form of the name of the corresponding constant: e.g. "CACHE_CONNECTION".
	 * @see #setCacheLevel
	 */
	public void setCacheLevelName(String constantName) throws IllegalArgumentException {
		if (constantName == null || !constantName.startsWith("CACHE_")) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only cache constants allowed");
		}
		setCacheLevel(constants.asNumber(constantName).intValue());
	}

	/**
	 * Specify the level of caching that this listener container is allowed to apply.
	 *
Default is CACHE_NONE if an external transaction manager has been specified
	 * (to reobtain all resources freshly within the scope of the external transaction),
	 * and CACHE_CONSUMER else (operating with local JMS resources).
	 *
Some J2EE servers only register their JMS resources with an ongoing XA
	 * transaction in case of a freshly obtained JMS Connection and Session,
	 * which is why this listener container does by default not cache any of those.
	 * However, if you want to optimize for a specific server, consider switching
	 * this setting to at least CACHE_CONNECTION or CACHE_SESSION even in
	 * conjunction with an external transaction manager.
	 *
Currently known servers that absolutely require CACHE_NONE for XA
	 * transaction processing: JBoss 4. For any others, consider raising the
	 * cache level.
	 * @see #CACHE_NONE
	 * @see #CACHE_CONNECTION
	 * @see #CACHE_SESSION
	 * @see #CACHE_CONSUMER
	 * @see #setCacheLevelName
	 * @see #setTransactionManager
	 */
	public void setCacheLevel(int cacheLevel) {
		this.cacheLevel = cacheLevel;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the level of caching that this listener container is allowed to apply.
	 */
	public int getCacheLevel() {
		return this.cacheLevel;
	}

	/**
	 * Specify the number of concurrent consumers to create. Default is 1.
	 *
Specifying a higher value for this setting will increase the standard
	 * level of scheduled concurrent consumers at runtime: This is effectively
	 * the minimum number of concurrent consumers which will be scheduled
	 * at any given time. This is a static setting; for dynamic scaling,
	 * consider specifying the "maxConcurrentConsumers" setting instead.
	 *
Raising the number of concurrent consumers is recommendable in order
	 * to scale the consumption of messages coming in from a queue. However,
	 * note that any ordering guarantees are lost once multiple consumers are
	 * registered. In general, stick with 1 consumer for low-volume queues.
	 *
Do not raise the number of concurrent consumers for a topic.
	 * This would lead to concurrent consumption of the same message,
	 * which is hardly ever desirable.
	 *
This setting can be modified at runtime, for example through JMX.
	 * @see #setMaxConcurrentConsumers
	 */
	public void setConcurrentConsumers(int concurrentConsumers) {
		Assert.isTrue(concurrentConsumers > 0, "'concurrentConsumers' value must be at least 1 (one)");
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			this.concurrentConsumers = concurrentConsumers;
			if (this.maxConcurrentConsumers < concurrentConsumers) {
				this.maxConcurrentConsumers = concurrentConsumers;
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Return the "concurrentConsumer" setting.
	 *
This returns the currently configured "concurrentConsumers" value;
	 * the number of currently scheduled/active consumers might differ.
	 * @see #getScheduledConsumerCount()
	 * @see #getActiveConsumerCount()
	 */
	public final int getConcurrentConsumers() {
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			return this.concurrentConsumers;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Specify the maximum number of concurrent consumers to create. Default is 1.
	 *
If this setting is higher than "concurrentConsumers", the listener container
	 * will dynamically schedule new consumers at runtime, provided that enough
	 * incoming messages are encountered. Once the load goes down again, the number of
	 * consumers will be reduced to the standard level ("concurrentConsumers") again.
	 *
Raising the number of concurrent consumers is recommendable in order
	 * to scale the consumption of messages coming in from a queue. However,
	 * note that any ordering guarantees are lost once multiple consumers are
	 * registered. In general, stick with 1 consumer for low-volume queues.
	 *
Do not raise the number of concurrent consumers for a topic.
	 * This would lead to concurrent consumption of the same message,
	 * which is hardly ever desirable.
	 *
This setting can be modified at runtime, for example through JMX.
	 * @see #setConcurrentConsumers
	 */
	public void setMaxConcurrentConsumers(int maxConcurrentConsumers) {
		Assert.isTrue(maxConcurrentConsumers > 0, "'maxConcurrentConsumers' value must be at least 1 (one)");
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			this.maxConcurrentConsumers =
					(maxConcurrentConsumers > this.concurrentConsumers ? maxConcurrentConsumers : this.concurrentConsumers);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Return the "maxConcurrentConsumer" setting.
	 *
This returns the currently configured "maxConcurrentConsumers" value;
	 * the number of currently scheduled/active consumers might differ.
	 * @see #getScheduledConsumerCount()
	 * @see #getActiveConsumerCount()
	 */
	public final int getMaxConcurrentConsumers() {
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			return this.maxConcurrentConsumers;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Specify the maximum number of messages to process in one task.
	 * More concretely, this limits the number of message reception attempts
	 * per task, which includes receive iterations that did not actually
	 * pick up a message until they hit their timeout (see the
	 * {@link #setReceiveTimeout "receiveTimeout"} property).
	 *
Default is unlimited (-1) in case of a standard TaskExecutor,
	 * reusing the original invoker threads until shutdown (at the
	 * expense of limited dynamic scheduling).
	 *
In case of a SchedulingTaskExecutor indicating a preference for
	 * short-lived tasks, the default is 10 instead. Specify a number
	 * of 10 to 100 messages to balance between rather long-lived and
	 * rather short-lived tasks here.
	 *
Long-lived tasks avoid frequent thread context switches through
	 * sticking with the same thread all the way through, while short-lived
	 * tasks allow thread pools to control the scheduling. Hence, thread
	 * pools will usually prefer short-lived tasks.
	 *
This setting can be modified at runtime, for example through JMX.
	 * @see #setTaskExecutor
	 * @see #setReceiveTimeout
	 * @see org.springframework.scheduling.SchedulingTaskExecutor#prefersShortLivedTasks()
	 */
	public void setMaxMessagesPerTask(int maxMessagesPerTask) {
		Assert.isTrue(maxMessagesPerTask != 0, "'maxMessagesPerTask' must not be 0");
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			this.maxMessagesPerTask = maxMessagesPerTask;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Return the maximum number of messages to process in one task.
	 */
	public final int getMaxMessagesPerTask() {
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			return this.maxMessagesPerTask;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Specify the limit for the number of consumers that are allowed to be idle
	 * at any given time.
	 *
This limit is used by the {@link #scheduleNewInvokerIfAppropriate} method
	 * to determine if a new invoker should be created. Increasing the limit causes
	 * invokers to be created more aggressively. This can be useful to ramp up the
	 * number of invokers faster.
	 *
The default is 1, only scheduling a new invoker (which is likely to
	 * be idle initially) if none of the existing invokers is currently idle.
	 */
	public void setIdleConsumerLimit(int idleConsumerLimit) {
		Assert.isTrue(idleConsumerLimit > 0, "'idleConsumerLimit' must be 1 or higher");
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			this.idleConsumerLimit = idleConsumerLimit;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Return the limit for the number of idle consumers.
	 */
	public final int getIdleConsumerLimit() {
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			return this.idleConsumerLimit;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Specify the limit for idle executions of a receive task, not having
	 * received any message within its execution. If this limit is reached,
	 * the task will shut down and leave receiving to other executing tasks.
	 *
The default is 1, closing idle resources early once a task didn't
	 * receive a message. This applies to dynamic scheduling only; see the
	 * {@link #setMaxConcurrentConsumers "maxConcurrentConsumers"} setting.
	 * The minimum number of consumers
	 * (see {@link #setConcurrentConsumers "concurrentConsumers"})
	 * will be kept around until shutdown in any case.
	 *
Within each task execution, a number of message reception attempts
	 * (according to the "maxMessagesPerTask" setting) will each wait for an incoming
	 * message (according to the "receiveTimeout" setting). If all of those receive
	 * attempts in a given task return without a message, the task is considered
	 * idle with respect to received messages. Such a task may still be rescheduled;
	 * however, once it reached the specified "idleTaskExecutionLimit", it will
	 * shut down (in case of dynamic scaling).
	 *
Raise this limit if you encounter too frequent scaling up and down.
	 * With this limit being higher, an idle consumer will be kept around longer,
	 * avoiding the restart of a consumer once a new load of messages comes in.
	 * Alternatively, specify a higher "maxMessagesPerTask" and/or "receiveTimeout" value,
	 * which will also lead to idle consumers being kept around for a longer time
	 * (while also increasing the average execution time of each scheduled task).
	 *
This setting can be modified at runtime, for example through JMX.
	 * @see #setMaxMessagesPerTask
	 * @see #setReceiveTimeout
	 */
	public void setIdleTaskExecutionLimit(int idleTaskExecutionLimit) {
		Assert.isTrue(idleTaskExecutionLimit > 0, "'idleTaskExecutionLimit' must be 1 or higher");
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			this.idleTaskExecutionLimit = idleTaskExecutionLimit;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Return the limit for idle executions of a consumer task.
	 */
	public final int getIdleTaskExecutionLimit() {
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			return this.idleTaskExecutionLimit;
		}
	}

	protected void validateConfiguration() {
		super.validateConfiguration();
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			if (isSubscriptionDurable() && this.concurrentConsumers != 1) {
				throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only 1 concurrent consumer supported for durable subscription");
			}
		}
	}

	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Implementation of AbstractMessageListenerContainer's template methods
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------

	public void initialize() {
		// Adapt default cache level.
		if (this.cacheLevel == CACHE_AUTO) {
			this.cacheLevel = (getTransactionManager() != null ? CACHE_NONE : CACHE_CONSUMER);
		}

		// Prepare taskExecutor and maxMessagesPerTask.
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			if (this.taskExecutor == null) {
				this.taskExecutor = createDefaultTaskExecutor();
			}
			else if (this.taskExecutor instanceof SchedulingTaskExecutor &&
					((SchedulingTaskExecutor) this.taskExecutor).prefersShortLivedTasks() &&
					this.maxMessagesPerTask == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
				// TaskExecutor indicated a preference for short-lived tasks. According to
				// setMaxMessagesPerTask javadoc, we'll use 10 message per task in this case
				// unless the user specified a custom value.
				this.maxMessagesPerTask = 10;
			}
		}

		// Proceed with actual listener initialization.
		super.initialize();
	}

	/**
	 * Creates the specified number of concurrent consumers,
	 * in the form of a JMS Session plus associated MessageConsumer
	 * running in a separate thread.
	 * @see #scheduleNewInvoker
	 * @see #setTaskExecutor
	 */
	protected void doInitialize() throws JMSException {
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			for (int i = 0; i < this.concurrentConsumers; i++) {
				scheduleNewInvoker();
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Destroy the registered JMS Sessions and associated MessageConsumers.
	 */
	protected void doShutdown() throws JMSException {
		logger.debug("Waiting for shutdown of message listener invokers");
		try {
			synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
				while (this.activeInvokerCount > 0) {
					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
						logger.debug("Still waiting for shutdown of " + this.activeInvokerCount +
								" message listener invokers");
					}
					this.lifecycleMonitor.wait();
				}
			}
		}
		catch (InterruptedException ex) {
			// Re-interrupt current thread, to allow other threads to react.
			Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Overridden to reset the stop callback, if any.
	 */
	public void start() throws JmsException {
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			this.stopCallback = null;
		}
		super.start();
	}

	/**
	 * Stop this listener container, invoking the specific callback
	 * once all listener processing has actually stopped.
	 *
Note: Further stop(runnable) calls (before processing
	 * has actually stopped) will override the specified callback. Only the
	 * latest specified callback will be invoked.
	 *
If a subsequent {@link #start()} call restarts the listener container
	 * before it has fully stopped, the callback will not get invoked at all.
	 * @param callback the callback to invoke once listener processing
	 * has fully stopped
	 * @throws JmsException if stopping failed
	 * @see #stop()
	 */
	public void stop(Runnable callback) throws JmsException {
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			this.stopCallback = callback;
		}
		stop();
	}

	/**
	 * Return the number of currently scheduled consumers.
	 *
This number will always be inbetween "concurrentConsumers" and
	 * "maxConcurrentConsumers", but might be higher than "activeConsumerCount"
	 * (in case of some consumers being scheduled but not executed at the moment).
	 * @see #getConcurrentConsumers()
	 * @see #getMaxConcurrentConsumers()
	 * @see #getActiveConsumerCount()
	 */
	public final int getScheduledConsumerCount() {
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			return this.scheduledInvokers.size();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Return the number of currently active consumers.
	 *
This number will always be inbetween "concurrentConsumers" and
	 * "maxConcurrentConsumers", but might be lower than "scheduledConsumerCount".
	 * (in case of some consumers being scheduled but not executed at the moment).
	 * @see #getConcurrentConsumers()
	 * @see #getMaxConcurrentConsumers()
	 * @see #getActiveConsumerCount()
	 */
	public final int getActiveConsumerCount() {
		synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
			return this.activeInvokerCount;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Create a default TaskExecutor. Called if no explicit TaskExecutor has been specified.
	 *
The default implementation builds a {@link org.springframework.core.task.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor}
	 * with the specified bean name (or the class name, if no bean name specified) as thread name prefix.
	 * @see org.springframework.core.task.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor#SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor(String)
	 */
	protected TaskExecutor createDefaultTaskExecutor() {
		String beanName = getBeanName();
		String threadNamePrefix = (beanName != null ? beanName + "-" : DEFAULT_THREAD_NAME_PREFIX);
		return new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor(threadNamePrefix);
	}

	/**
	 * Schedule a new invoker, increasing the total number of scheduled
	 * invokers for this listener container.
	 */
	private void scheduleNewInvoker() {
		AsyncMessageListenerInvoker invoker = new AsyncMessageListenerInvoker();
		if (rescheduleTaskIfNecessary(invoker)) {
			// This should always be true, since we're only calling this when active.
			this.scheduledInvokers.add(invoker);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Use a shared JMS Connection depending on the "cacheLevel" setting.
	 * @see #setCacheLevel
	 * @see #CACHE_CONNECTION
	 */
	protected final boolean sharedConnectionEnabled() {
		return (getCacheLevel() >= CACHE_CONNECTION);
	}

	/**
	 * Re-executes the given task via this listener container's TaskExecutor.
	 * @see #setTaskExecutor
	 */
	protected void doRescheduleTask(Object task) {
		this.taskExecutor.execute((Runnable) task);
	}

	/**
	 * Tries scheduling a new invoker, since we know messages are coming in...
	 * @see #scheduleNewInvokerIfAppropriate()
	 */
	protected void messageReceived(Object invoker, Session session) {
		((AsyncMessageListenerInvoker) invoker).setIdle(false);
		scheduleNewInvokerIfAppropriate();
	}

	/**
	 * Marks the affected invoker as idle.
	 */
	protected void noMessageReceived(Object invoker, Session session) {
		((AsyncMessageListenerInvoker) invoker).setIdle(true);
	}

	/**
	 * Schedule a new invoker, increasing the total number of scheduled
	 * invokers for this listener container, but only if the specified
	 * "maxConcurrentConsumers" limit has not been reached yet, and only
	 * if the specified "idleConsumerLimit" has not been reached either.
	 *
Called once a message has been received, in order to scale up while
	 * processing the message in the invoker that originally received it.
	 * @see #setTaskExecutor
	 * @see #getMaxConcurrentConsumers()
	 * @see #getIdleConsumerLimit()
	 */
	protected void scheduleNewInvokerIfAppropriate() {
		if (isRunning()) {
			resumePausedTasks();
			synchronized (this.lifecycleMonitor) {
				if (this.scheduledInvokers.size() < this.maxConcurrentConsumers &&
						getIdleInvokerCount() < this.idleConsumerLimit) {
					scheduleNewInvoker();
					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
						logger.debug("Raised scheduled invoker count: " + this.scheduledInvokers.size());
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether the current invoker should be rescheduled,
	 * given that it might not have received a message in a while.
	 * @param idleTaskExecutionCount the number of idle executions
	 * that this invoker task has already accumulated (in a row)
	 */
	private boolean shouldRescheduleInvoker(int idleTaskExecutionCount) {
		boolean superfluous =
				(idleTaskExecutionCount >= this.idleTaskExecutionLimit && getIdleInvokerCount() > 1);
		return (this.scheduledInvokers.size() <=
				(superfluous ? this.concurrentConsumers : this.maxConcurrentConsumers));
	}

	/**
	 * Determine whether this listener container currently has more
	 * than one idle instance among its scheduled invokers.
	 */
	private int getIdleInvokerCount() {
		int count = 0;
		for (Iterator it = this.scheduledInvokers.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
			AsyncMessageListenerInvoker invoker = (AsyncMessageListenerInvoker) it.next();
			if (invoker.isIdle()) {
				count++;
			}
		}
		return count;
	}

	/**
	 * Overridden to accept a failure in the initial setup - leaving it up to the
	 * asynchronous invokers to establish the shared Connection on first access.
	 * @see #refreshConnectionUntilSuccessful()
	 */
	protected void establishSharedConnection() {
		try {
			super.establishSharedConnection();
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			logger.debug("Could not establish shared JMS Connection - " +
					"leaving it up to asynchronous invokers to establish a Connection as soon as possible", ex);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * This implementations proceeds even after an exception thrown from
	 * Connection.start(), relying on listeners to perform
	 * appropriate recovery.
	 */
	protected void startSharedConnection() {
		try {
			super.startSharedConnection();
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			logger.debug("Connection start failed - relying on listeners to perform recovery", ex);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * This implementations proceeds even after an exception thrown from
	 * Connection.stop(), relying on listeners to perform
	 * appropriate recovery after a restart.
	 */
	protected void stopSharedConnection() {
		try {
			super.stopSharedConnection();
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			logger.debug("Connection stop failed - relying on listeners to perform recovery after restart", ex);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Handle the given exception that arose during setup of a listener.
	 * Called for every such exception in every concurrent listener.
	 *
The default implementation logs the exception at info level
	 * if not recovered yet, and at debug level if already recovered.
	 * Can be overridden in subclasses.
	 * @param ex the exception to handle
	 * @param alreadyRecovered whether a previously executing listener
	 * already recovered from the present listener setup failure
	 * (this usually indicates a follow-up failure than can be ignored
	 * other than for debug log purposes)
	 * @see #recoverAfterListenerSetupFailure()
	 */
	protected void handleListenerSetupFailure(Throwable ex, boolean alreadyRecovered) {
		if (ex instanceof JMSException) {
			invokeExceptionListener((JMSException) ex);
		}
		if (ex instanceof SharedConnectionNotInitializedException) {
			if (!alreadyRecovered) {
				logger.debug("JMS message listener invoker needs to establish shared Connection");
			}
		}
		else {
			// Recovery during active operation..
			if (alreadyRecovered) {
				logger.debug("Setup of JMS message listener invoker failed - already recovered by other invoker", ex);
			}
			else {
				StringBuffer msg = new StringBuffer();
				msg.append("Setup of JMS message listener invoker failed for destination '");
				msg.append(getDestinationDescription()).append("' - trying to recover. Cause: ");
				msg.append(ex instanceof JMSException ? JmsUtils.buildExceptionMessage((JMSException) ex) : ex.getMessage());
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.warn(msg, ex);
				}
				else {
					logger.warn(msg);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Recover this listener container after a listener failed to set itself up,
	 * for example reestablishing the underlying Connection.
	 *
The default implementation delegates to DefaultMessageListenerContainer's
	 * recovery-capable {@link #refreshConnectionUntilSuccessful()} method, which will
	 * try to re-establish a Connection to the JMS provider both for the shared
	 * and the non-shared Connection case.
	 * @see #refreshConnectionUntilSuccessful()
	 * @see #refreshDestination()
	 */
	protected void recoverAfterListenerSetupFailure() {
		refreshConnectionUntilSuccessful();
		refreshDestination();
	}

	/**
	 * Refresh the underlying Connection, not returning before an attempt has been
	 * successful. Called in case of a shared Connection as well as without shared
	 * Connection, so either needs to operate on the shared Connection or on a
	 * temporary Connection that just gets established for validation purposes.
	 *
The default implementation retries until it successfully established a
	 * Connection, for as long as this message listener container is active.
	 * Applies the specified recovery interval between retries.
	 * @see #setRecoveryInterval
	 */
	protected void refreshConnectionUntilSuccessful() {
		while (isRunning()) {
			try {
				if (sharedConnectionEnabled()) {
					refreshSharedConnection();
				}
				else {
					Connection con = createConnection();
					JmsUtils.closeConnection(con);
				}
				logger.info("Successfully refreshed JMS Connection");
				break;
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
				StringBuffer msg = new StringBuffer();
				msg.append("Could not refresh JMS Connection for destination '");
				msg.append(getDestinationDescription()).append("' - retrying in ");
				msg.append(this.recoveryInterval).append(" ms. Cause: ");
				msg.append(ex instanceof JMSException ? JmsUtils.buildExceptionMessage((JMSException) ex) : ex.getMessage());
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.warn(msg, ex);
				}
				else {
					logger.warn(msg);
				}
			}
			sleepInbetweenRecoveryAttempts();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Refresh the JMS destination that this listener container operates on.
	 *
Called after listener setup failure, assuming that a cached Destination
	 * object might have become invalid (a typical case on WebLogic JMS).
	 *
The default implementation removes the destination from a
	 * DestinationResolver's cache, in case of a CachingDestinationResolver.
	 * @see #setDestinationName
	 * @see org.springframework.jms.support.destination.CachingDestinationResolver
	 */
	protected void refreshDestination() {
		String destName = getDestinationName();
		if (destName != null) {
			DestinationResolver destResolver = getDestinationResolver();
			if (destResolver instanceof CachingDestinationResolver) {
				((CachingDestinationResolver) destResolver).removeFromCache(destName);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Sleep according to the specified recovery interval.
	 * Called inbetween recovery attempts.
	 */
	protected void sleepInbetweenRecoveryAttempts() {
		if (this.recoveryInterval > 0) {
			try {
				Thread.sleep(this.recoveryInterval);
			}
			catch (InterruptedException interEx) {
				// Re-interrupt current thread, to allow other threads to react.
				Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
			}
		}
	}

	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Inner classes used as internal adapters
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Runnable that performs looped MessageConsumer.receive() calls.
	 */
	private class AsyncMessageListenerInvoker implements SchedulingAwareRunnable {

		private Session session;

		private MessageConsumer consumer;

		private Object lastRecoveryMarker;

		private boolean lastMessageSucceeded;

		private int idleTaskExecutionCount = 0;

		private volatile boolean idle = true;

		public void run() {
			synchronized (lifecycleMonitor) {
				activeInvokerCount++;
				lifecycleMonitor.notifyAll();
			}
			boolean messageReceived = false;
			try {
				if (maxMessagesPerTask < 0) {
					messageReceived = executeOngoingLoop();
				}
				else {
					int messageCount = 0;
					while (isRunning() && messageCount < maxMessagesPerTask) {
						messageReceived = (invokeListener() || messageReceived);
						messageCount++;
					}
				}
			}
			catch (Throwable ex) {
				clearResources();
				if (!this.lastMessageSucceeded) {
					// We failed more than once in a row - sleep for recovery interval
					// even before first recovery attempt.
					sleepInbetweenRecoveryAttempts();
				}
				this.lastMessageSucceeded = false;
				boolean alreadyRecovered = false;
				synchronized (recoveryMonitor) {
					if (this.lastRecoveryMarker == currentRecoveryMarker) {
						handleListenerSetupFailure(ex, false);
						recoverAfterListenerSetupFailure();
						currentRecoveryMarker = new Object();
					}
					else {
						alreadyRecovered = true;
					}
				}
				if (alreadyRecovered) {
					handleListenerSetupFailure(ex, true);
				}
			}
			synchronized (lifecycleMonitor) {
				decreaseActiveInvokerCount();
				lifecycleMonitor.notifyAll();
			}
			if (!messageReceived) {
				this.idleTaskExecutionCount++;
			}
			else {
				this.idleTaskExecutionCount = 0;
			}
			synchronized (lifecycleMonitor) {
				if (!shouldRescheduleInvoker(this.idleTaskExecutionCount) || !rescheduleTaskIfNecessary(this)) {
					// We're shutting down completely.
					scheduledInvokers.remove(this);
					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
						logger.debug("Lowered scheduled invoker count: " + scheduledInvokers.size());
					}
					lifecycleMonitor.notifyAll();
					clearResources();
				}
				else if (isRunning()) {
					int nonPausedConsumers = getScheduledConsumerCount() - getPausedTaskCount();
					if (nonPausedConsumers < 1) {
						logger.error("All scheduled consumers have been paused, probably due to tasks having been rejected. " +
								"Check your thread pool configuration! Manual recovery necessary through a start() call.");
					}
					else if (nonPausedConsumers < getConcurrentConsumers()) {
						logger.warn("Number of scheduled consumers has dropped below concurrentConsumers limit, probably " +
								"due to tasks having been rejected. Check your thread pool configuration! Automatic recovery " +
								"to be triggered by remaining consumers.");
					}
				}
			}
		}

		private boolean executeOngoingLoop() throws JMSException {
			boolean messageReceived = false;
			boolean active = true;
			while (active) {
				synchronized (lifecycleMonitor) {
					boolean interrupted = false;
					boolean wasWaiting = false;
					while ((active = isActive()) && !isRunning()) {
						if (interrupted) {
							throw new IllegalStateException("Thread was interrupted while waiting for " +
									"a restart of the listener container, but container is still stopped");
						}
						if (!wasWaiting) {
							decreaseActiveInvokerCount();
						}
						wasWaiting = true;
						try {
							lifecycleMonitor.wait();
						}
						catch (InterruptedException ex) {
							// Re-interrupt current thread, to allow other threads to react.
							Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
							interrupted = true;
						}
					}
					if (wasWaiting) {
						activeInvokerCount++;
					}
				}
				if (active) {
					messageReceived = (invokeListener() || messageReceived);
				}
			}
			return messageReceived;
		}

		private boolean invokeListener() throws JMSException {
			initResourcesIfNecessary();
			boolean messageReceived = receiveAndExecute(this, this.session, this.consumer);
			this.lastMessageSucceeded = true;
			return messageReceived;
		}

		private void decreaseActiveInvokerCount() {
			activeInvokerCount--;
			if (stopCallback != null && activeInvokerCount == 0) {
				stopCallback.run();
				stopCallback = null;
			}
		}

		private void initResourcesIfNecessary() throws JMSException {
			if (getCacheLevel() <= CACHE_CONNECTION) {
				updateRecoveryMarker();
			}
			else {
				if (this.session == null && getCacheLevel() >= CACHE_SESSION) {
					updateRecoveryMarker();
					this.session = createSession(getSharedConnection());
				}
				if (this.consumer == null && getCacheLevel() >= CACHE_CONSUMER) {
					this.consumer = createListenerConsumer(this.session);
				}
			}
		}

		private void updateRecoveryMarker() {
			synchronized (recoveryMonitor) {
				this.lastRecoveryMarker = currentRecoveryMarker;
			}
		}

		private void clearResources() {
			if (sharedConnectionEnabled()) {
				synchronized (sharedConnectionMonitor) {
					JmsUtils.closeMessageConsumer(this.consumer);
					JmsUtils.closeSession(this.session);
				}
			}
			else {
				JmsUtils.closeMessageConsumer(this.consumer);
				JmsUtils.closeSession(this.session);
			}
			this.consumer = null;
			this.session = null;
		}

		public boolean isLongLived() {
			return (maxMessagesPerTask < 0);
		}

		public void setIdle(boolean idle) {
			this.idle = idle;
		}

		public boolean isIdle() {
			return this.idle;
		}
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Local Authorities Elections
SUNDAY POLITICS
Hugh Hefner no more
Founder of the iconic Playboy magazine - Hugh Hefner has passed away.
He was 91 years old.
In a statement, Playboy said that Mr. Hefner died of natural causes at home, surrounded by loved ones.
Mr. Hefner introduced Playboy to the world in 1953, and it rose to be one of the most recognizable American global brands in history.
The magazine is currently published in more than 20 countries around the world and products featuring the company's trademarks drive more than $1 billion in sales annually.
Last modified on Sunday, 01 October 2017 09:42
More in this category: « Disney swaps film release dates Wonder Woman scolds James Cameron »
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Copyright © 2020 Sri Lanka Mirror. All Rights Reserved

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Restorative yoga offers an opportunity to explore relaxation at its deepest through physical ease and stillness. This state allows the body and mind to align in complete rest, creating an optimal internal environment for physical, mental and energetic restoration and renewal. Expect to rest for five to ten minutes at a time in a handful of specifically sequenced yoga postures, such as gentle twists, forward bends and backbends while being completely supported in the forms via yoga props such as bolsters, blankets, blocks and eye pillows. Most of the positions are seated or supine. The aim of restorative yoga is to centre the body and mind in complete rest through breath and sensation-neutral physical positions. In restorative yoga we move away from 'doing' and move toward 'receiving'. It can be a perfect compliment for those individuals seeking to address stress levels, those needing to recharge energy reserves and those looking to improve sleep quality. It is important to highlight that restorative yoga and yin yoga are different.


text:
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    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:id="@+id/constraintlayout"
    android:background="@drawable/animated_background"
    tools:context="com.element.onyx.DevelopersActivity">

    <ScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="@color/black_overlay"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="8dp"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="8dp">

        <LinearLayout
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            android:orientation="vertical"
            android:padding="30sp"
            android:background="@color/transparent_overlay">

            <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
                xmlns:card_view="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
                android:id="@+id/siddhant_card"
                android:layout_gravity="center"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="200sp"
                android:padding="10sp"
                card_view:cardBackgroundColor="@color/colorWhite"
                card_view:cardCornerRadius="4dp"
                card_view:cardElevation="5sp">

                <LinearLayout
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="match_parent"
                    android:background="@drawable/siddhant_cover">

                <RelativeLayout
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="match_parent"
                    android:background="@color/white_overlay">

                <ImageView
                    android:layout_width="100sp"
                    android:layout_height="100sp"
                    android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
                    android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
                    android:padding="10sp"
                    android:src="@drawable/siddhant_profile"/>

                    <TextView
                        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                        android:id="@+id/siddhant_name"
                        android:layout_marginTop="15sp"
                        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
                        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
                        android:text="Siddhant Vinchurkar"
                        android:textSize="20sp"
                        android:textStyle="bold"
                        android:textColor="@color/colorBlack"
                        android:padding="10sp"/>

                    <TextView
                        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
                        android:text="Android Developer. Tech Enthusiast. Crazy."
                        android:textSize="10sp"
                        android:layout_below="@id/siddhant_name"
                        android:padding="10sp"/>

                    <LinearLayout
                        android:layout_width="match_parent"
                        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
                        android:layout_marginBottom="20sp"
                        android:orientation="horizontal">

                        <ImageView
                            android:layout_width="50sp"
                            android:layout_height="50sp"
                            android:src="@drawable/fb"
                            android:layout_weight="1"
                            android:id="@+id/siddhant_facebook"/>
                        <ImageView
                            android:layout_width="50sp"
                            android:layout_height="50sp"
                            android:src="@drawable/wordpress"
                            android:layout_weight="1"
                            android:id="@+id/siddhant_wordpress"/>

                    </LinearLayout>

                </RelativeLayout>
                </LinearLayout>

                </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

            <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
                xmlns:card_view="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
                android:id="@+id/wilbun_card"
                android:layout_gravity="center"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="200sp"
                android:padding="10sp"
                card_view:cardBackgroundColor="@color/colorWhite"
                card_view:cardCornerRadius="4dp"
                card_view:cardElevation="5sp"
                android:layout_marginTop="50sp">

                <LinearLayout
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="match_parent"
                    android:background="@drawable/wilbun_cover">

                    <RelativeLayout
                        android:layout_width="match_parent"
                        android:layout_height="match_parent"
                        android:background="@color/white_overlay">

                        <ImageView
                            android:layout_width="100sp"
                            android:layout_height="100sp"
                            android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
                            android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
                            android:padding="10sp"
                            android:src="@drawable/wilbun_profile"/>

                        <TextView
                            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                            android:id="@+id/wilbun_name"
                            android:layout_marginTop="15sp"
                            android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
                            android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
                            android:text="Wilbun Rodrigues"
                            android:textSize="20sp"
                            android:textStyle="bold"
                            android:textColor="@color/colorBlack"
                            android:padding="10sp"/>

                        <TextView
                            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                            android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
                            android:text="One word. Musician."
                            android:textSize="10sp"
                            android:layout_below="@id/wilbun_name"
                            android:padding="10sp"/>

                        <LinearLayout
                            android:layout_width="match_parent"
                            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                            android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
                            android:layout_marginBottom="20sp"
                            android:orientation="horizontal">

                            <ImageView
                                android:layout_width="50sp"
                                android:layout_height="50sp"
                                android:src="@drawable/fb"
                                android:layout_weight="1"
                                android:id="@+id/wilbun_facebook"/>
                            <ImageView
                                android:layout_width="50sp"
                                android:layout_height="50sp"
                                android:src="@drawable/wordpress"
                                android:layout_weight="1"
                                android:id="@+id/wilbun_wordpress"/>

                        </LinearLayout>

                    </RelativeLayout>
                </LinearLayout>

            </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

            <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
                xmlns:card_view="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
                android:id="@+id/niranjan_card"
                android:layout_gravity="center"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="200sp"
                android:padding="10sp"
                card_view:cardBackgroundColor="@color/colorWhite"
                card_view:cardCornerRadius="4dp"
                card_view:cardElevation="5sp"
                android:layout_marginTop="50sp">

                <LinearLayout
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="match_parent"
                    android:background="@drawable/niranjan_cover">

                    <RelativeLayout
                        android:layout_width="match_parent"
                        android:layout_height="match_parent"
                        android:background="@color/white_overlay">

                        <ImageView
                            android:layout_width="100sp"
                            android:layout_height="100sp"
                            android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
                            android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
                            android:padding="10sp"
                            android:src="@drawable/niranjan_profile"/>

                        <TextView
                            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                            android:id="@+id/niranjan_name"
                            android:layout_marginTop="15sp"
                            android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
                            android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
                            android:text="Niranjan Raju"
                            android:textSize="20sp"
                            android:textStyle="bold"
                            android:textColor="@color/colorBlack"
                            android:padding="10sp"/>

                        <TextView
                            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                            android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
                            android:text="Gaming is life."
                            android:textSize="10sp"
                            android:layout_below="@id/niranjan_name"
                            android:padding="10sp"/>

                        <LinearLayout
                            android:layout_width="match_parent"
                            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                            android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
                            android:layout_marginBottom="20sp"
                            android:orientation="horizontal">

                            <ImageView
                                android:layout_width="50sp"
                                android:layout_height="50sp"
                                android:src="@drawable/fb"
                                android:layout_weight="1"
                                android:id="@+id/niranjan_facebook"/>
                            <ImageView
                                android:layout_width="50sp"
                                android:layout_height="50sp"
                                android:src="@drawable/wordpress"
                                android:layout_weight="1"
                                android:id="@+id/niranjan_wordpress"/>

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                    </RelativeLayout>
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text:
350 F. 2d 1021 - United States v. Hardaway
350 F2d 1021 United States v. Hardaway
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,
Willard HARDAWAY, Defendant-Appellant.
United States Court of Appeals Sixth Circuit.
September 23, 1965.
John G. Crutchfield (Court appointed), Louisville, Ky., for appellant.
William E. Scent, U. S. Atty., Ernest W. Rivers, Asst. U. S. Atty., Louisville, Ky., for appellee.
Before WEICK, Chief Judge, and CECIL* and EDWARDS, Circuit Judges.
EDWARDS, Circuit Judge.
Defendant in this case was tried and convicted on a four-count indictment, the first count of which charged armed robbery of the United States Post Office, placing in jeopardy the life of an employee therein in violation of Section 2114, Title 18 U.S.C.
The District Judge before whom the trial took place sentenced defendant, as is made mandatory by the statute cited above, to 25 years imprisonment on Count One. He also sentenced him to three five-year sentences on three additional counts, to run concurrently with the 25-year sentence.
He also provided in his judgment: "The Defendant shall become eligible for parole at such time as the Board of Parole may determine."
Subsequently, under Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, defendant-appellant herein filed a motion to correct his "illegal sentence," citing Rivera v. United States, 318 F.2d 606 (C.A.9, 1963). He argued that the parole provision was illegal and ineffective.
The District Judge denied the motion to correct sentence, holding that the statute involved in Rivera contained language which distinguished it from Title 18 U.S.C. § 2114, here involved.
On appeal to this court the posture of the case changed in two regards. First, the government conceded that the parole statute, Title 18 U.S.C. § 4208, as it was adopted, contained the following language which was apparently not called to the District Judge's attention at the time of the hearing on the instant motion: "This Act does not apply to any offense for which there is provided a mandatory penalty." 72 Stat. 847, § 7.1
The government therefore concedes that this court should remand the case to the District Court with "instructions to strike the provisions relating to parole `at such time as the Board of Parole may determine.'"
At the same time court-appointed counsel for appellant presented to our court the argument that two Circuit Courts of Appeal had held that the sentencing court dealing with the provisions of § 2114, Title 18 U.S.C., while not empowered to authorize the use of parole, could nonetheless have made use of probation.
It appears that Judge Medina, in a well considered opinion in United States v. Donovan, 242 F.2d 61 (C.A.2, 1957), arrived at this conclusion for the Second Circuit, and that the Fifth Circuit has approved the same rule in Smith v. United States, 284 F.2d 789 (C.A.5, 1960), albeit in a footnote. See page 791.
The mandatory sentence provisions of Title 18 U.S.C. § 2114, were first enacted in the year 1799 and have been reenacted over the years with few and insignificant changes. The Federal Probation Statute was first enacted in 1925, Title 18 U.S.C. § 3651. Its language authorizes the federal courts to suspend the imposition or execution of sentence for "any offense not punishable by death or life imprisonment." It appears to us to have been the purpose of this statute to authorize the use of probation in the discretion of the District Judge in relation to any offense not clearly precluded by the language just recited.
We hold that the District Judge in this case did not have the power to authorize parole because of the restrictive language contained in the Parole Statute which we have quoted above. We hold that he did have the power to suspend sentence under the Federal Probation Act of 1925, if in view of all the circumstances of the case he found it desirable to do so. This holding, we believe, is supported (at least in dictum) by the unanimous opinion of the Supreme Court in Andrews v. United States, 373 U.S. 334, 340, 83 S.Ct. 1236, 10 L.Ed.2d 383 (1963).
The sentence on Count One of the instant indictment is vacated and the case is remanded to the District Court for resentence.
Judge Lester L. Cecil became a Senior Circuit Judge on August 1, 1965
This section was not incorporated into the United States Code, thereby creating much confusion


text:
Bohemia's 'Virtual Battlespace 2' Training UK Soldiers
by Rainier on May 2, 2007 @ 10:00 a.m. PDT
Bohemia Interactive announced that the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence (UK MoD) has purchased an enterprise license of Virtual Battlespace 2, providing a robust, flexible simulation for use in collective and tactical training, mission rehearsal, experimentation and terrain/3D model visualization for AO familiarization.
The decision by the UK MoD to purchase an enterprise license of VBS2 marks yet another important milestone for the product and further validation that the Real Virtuality engine remains one of the most flexible, extendable and cost-effective military simulation tools available today.
Under the enterprise license, Bohemia Interactive Australia is providing the following software and services to the UK MoD:
Site licenses for VBS2
VBS2 tool suite
HLA/DIS Gateway (LVC Game by Calytrix)
Specifically tailored UK module (UK units, vehicles, weaponry, aircraft and ships)
Custom terrain module including an urban area, a large detailed building complex, an airfield and harbor
Training Courses 1, 2 and 3 (VBS2 for Administrators, VBS2 Terrain Generation and Modeling in VBS2)
Virtual Battlespace 2 (VBS2) is a completely new product based upon the brand new game engine Real Virtuality 2. VBS2 is being constantly improved in accordance with military feedback received from a range of VBS1 customers, including the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and the USMC. VBS2 extends the adaptable, customisable nature of Operation Flashpoint and VBS1 to provide a tool that delivers rapid terrain generation for mission rehearsal in high fidelity, realistic environments, in addition to a host of other functional and graphical improvements.
The enterprise license also includes an upgrade to the VBS2 Virtual Tool Kit (VTK) when released. The VTK will provide a range of editors that will enable every aspect of the simulation to be easily modified and configured; to the extent that the product could be repackaged by any typical user to suit a new training requirement or demand.


In the fashion industry, how you visually present yourself or your work samples can make or break your entire career. Since this field gives a lot of importance to aesthetic, you have to ensure that you are always on top of your game. A digital fashion portfolio can be useful and beneficial when it comes to disseminating information about who you are as a professional and what you do in the field of fashion.
Digital fashion portfolios are used by a lot of creatives. It is not only limited to models and photographers as businesses also need to present their brand to clients. Creating a digital portfolio can be one of the best decisions that you will make as a professional or as a company – that, if all the factors that you need to consider in creating one are properly put together and presented accordingly.
Where Can You Use a Digital Fashion Portfolio?
The industry of fashion has many facets. There are a lot of individuals and entities that make up the entirety of this field. Within the processes that are needed to be done to complete a specific fashion collection or to execute a fashion event, there are various portfolios that are specifically created and used to present the deliverable of suppliers, fashion-related business establishments, creative individuals and sets of people who are vital parts of fashion activities.
If you want to create a professional portfolio in the field of fashion, you first need to ensure that the platform that you will use is highly-recommended for your functions and operations. More so, you have to be aware of how you can fully maximize the usage of the digital fashion portfolio that you will create.
To present fashion items that are for sale. A digital fashion portfolio can be used for e-commerce and business purposes. If you are an online shop who would like to sell clothes from your collection or some fashion item samples that you have created, then you can use a digital fashion portfolio to present the items that you would like to be sold.
To showcase professional work samples of people in the fashion industry. Photographers and designers use a digital fashion portfolio so they can have a visual presentation of their work samples. This can help them be known in the industry even more which can lead to client growth, brand development and popularity.
To give more information about a particular fashion collection. A digital fashion portfolio is not just a compilation of one's professional career in the fashion industry. It can also be used to put together a number of looks that are included in a specific fashion collection. This is mostly used for fashion houses and ateliers as these businesses need to present a collection in specific seasons.
To acquire more clients through service presentation. Suppliers use digital fashion portfolios to present fashion programs, activities, and events where they have been a part of. These businesses are related to events organization and planning, physical set-up, manpower provision and the like. A fashion show or a fashion gala will not be complete without these suppliers. Also, fashion advertisements will not push through just with a model and a photographer. Businesses in the fashion industry need to collaborate with people from different industries so all the call to actions necessary to be done for a specific activity can be done and achieved. If your service and/or product offers are helpful in the field of fashion, then using a digital fashion portfolio can do a lot of positive things for your business.
To disseminate business details and deliverable during expositions and fashion events. There are events and presentations where a digital fashion portfolio can be used. This tool can be discussed and shown to event attendees if a person is asked to speak about his/her works in the fashion industry.
To book jobs by presenting someone's body of work. Models benefit from the usage of a digital fashion portfolio as they can present their range and variety. A set card may help a model during castings but a digital fashion portfolio can provide better results as it can be viewed and analyzed by businesses anytime of the day.
A digital fashion portfolio can come in many forms. It can be used and applied in different online mediums and platforms. A social media pack can help you create a digital fashion portfolio that specifically targets audience from social media sites. Being able to market and advertise on various social media sites can help you be more connected to your target audience.
Models. During castings or auditions, models need to present some samples of their modeling stints, booked jobs, and photographs. Technically, models have two model portfolio examples – an actual modeling book and a set card. Models can create digital modeling books that can showcase a lot of their work samples. On the other hand, they can use digital or electronic set cards which contain one to four photos of themselves if they are asked to send one either by their agency or to clients. Set cards serve as the business cards of professional models.
Fashion Photographers. A digital fashion portfolio can work best for photographers who already have a wide range of industry experience. There are different kinds of fashion photography that ranges from fashion product advertisements up to editorial prints or high fashion campaigns.
Fashion Stylists. In the fashion industry, fashion stylists play a big role when it comes to ensuring that all fashion personalities, as well as fashion ads, are styled the best way possible. This makes fashion icons, activities and undertakings more appealing.
Fashion designers. If you are just starting in the industry as a fashion designer, a compilation of your best work designs can do you a lot of favor. Most clients trust specific designers who can provide them with clothes that fit their bodies the best. There are also particular aesthetics and characteristics that clients look for when getting the services of a designer. Ensure that you will present yourself well by putting together strong samples pieces that possible clients can browse through in your portfolio.
Fashion Bloggers. With the development of digital processes, the fashion industry has also been affected by current trends. Fashion bloggers, who are also known as digital influencers, can use a digital fashion portfolio to showcase their curated looks, blog statistics, and professional credentials.
Plan the format of your digital fashion portfolio based on its purpose of usage. There are different ways that you can present your work samples. Make sure to think of or come up with a format or a structure that can best showcase your work depending on how you would like your audience view your work samples.
Gather work samples and identify which of these can be used as your final portfolio samples. If you already have a format in mind, the next thing that you need to do is to look over your work samples. You can select the best samples per fashion season so you can present variety in your portfolio.
Identify the digital platform that you will use. The format and samples that you have in mind can only be presented properly if you will familiarize yourself with the platform that you will use. You can create an online page, a blog, a social media account or any other mediums where your portfolio can be viewed online by your target audience.
Create a layout through a template. If you will use a blog or an online page, use a template to help you develop a layout or a theme. This will serve as the structure of your digital fashion portfolio.
Put together all the items that you would like to present. Upload all the samples that you want to put in your portfolio. Arrange them in a manner that their relevance can be highlighted.
Review the entire page and assess whether it can already present you properly. Once you are already done arranging all your work samples, browse through the entire portfolio and identify the items and/or features that you would like to change or remove. Your digital fashion portfolio is a presentation of who you are as a professional in the fashion industry which is why it is very important for you to be aware of its entire creation.
A digital fashion portfolio can be viewed by your target audience any time of the day. Compared to a minimalist paper portfolio or a hardbound fashion portfolio, a digital fashion portfolio is available for your current and prospective clients in a more convenient manner. This can make your work applications and engagement offers more desirable as clients and/or employers can already see your work samples even if you have not worked for them yet.
A digital fashion portfolio can make you more visible online. If you want to market your work samples or your business, a fashion portfolio that can be viewed online can help you get a wider scope of audience. This will allow you to be known by more people especially those who need your services and professional expertise.
A digital fashion portfolio can be used as one of your branding tools. Since a digital fashion portfolio presents your work samples, it brands you as a professional as well. If you have a comprehensive and effective digital fashion portfolio, you can build a platform where clients can trust you and your services/products even more.
A digital fashion portfolio can retain or further improve your relevance. Nowadays, a lot of people based their decisions on trends. Especially in the fashion industry, new items and trends are more marketable compared to those who are a part of the previous seasons. Maintain your relevance by always updating your digital fashion portfolio. This way, you can easily convince people to patronize what you offer.
Stay updated with the current trends in the fashion industry so you can incorporate it either into the content or layout of your digital fashion portfolio.
Remain original even if you get inspiration from other digital fashion portfolios. The uniqueness of your digital work compilation can set you apart from your competitors.
Put together your best works but do not overwhelm your viewers. Select work samples that are still relevant to your current undertakings. Five to fifteen samples is enough to show variety without making your audience bored with your presentation.
Use images and texts that are of high-quality. The items that you will put together in your digital fashion portfolio should look professional and cohesive so you can achieve a great impression on your audience.
Having a digital fashion portfolio can make it easier for you to present yourself to people whose functions are related to the fashion industry. More so, it will enable you to confidently communicate with brands and business establishments as you already have a compilation of your deliverable.
Make your digital fashion portfolio count. May it be for employment in the field of fashion or an application for a fashion project that you would like to be a part of, create the best digital fashion portfolio by following the guides and tips that we have given you with.


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text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    >

  <LinearLayout
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Iterations:"
        />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/iterations"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:text="1"
        android:hint="Iterations"
        android:inputType="numberDecimal"
        />
  </LinearLayout>

  <LinearLayout
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      >

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/ig_parse_button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="IG Parse"
        />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/om_parse_button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="ObjectMapper Parse"
        />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/quit"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Quit"
        />
  </LinearLayout>

  <TextView
      android:id="@+id/results"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      />
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Cupcakes by Sonja is bringing back their doughnuts!
Don't miss them this weekend!
(SPOT.ph) To celebrate their 10th anniversary this year, Cupcakes by Sonja introduced their own take on a classic pastry: the doughnut. Just like their game-changing cupcakes, their doughnuts were a game-changer, with flavors that ranged from old favorites to the creatively outrageous. They were delicious and seriously addicting, and we were sad to see these treats leave the menu so quickly.
Well, here's some good news: Cupcakes by Sonja is bringing their doughnuts back to the Serendra branch this weekend! Catch the return of all 12 delicious flavors: from classic favorites like Vanilla Bean (P60), Creme Caramel (P60) and Chocolate (P75) to the more adventurous flavors like Olive Oil and Basil (P75), Toasted Rice (P75) and Cacio e Pepe (P75). Other variants include Strawberry Cheesecake (P75), Chai (P60), Mixed Berries and Cream (P75), Truffle (P75), and Gianduja (P75).
The doughnuts will be available from October 28 to 31 exclusively at Cupcakes by Sonja G/F Serendra, Bonifacio Global City.


text:
Live From the 205 (9/24/19): NXT Lite
By Romeo Moran Saturday, September 28, 2019
So if it is true that we're witnessing the last hurrah, the death throes if you will, of 205 Live, then what a terrible shame to be going out right now.
See, we're already witnessing the NXT crossovers in full effect, and let me tell ya: it's been the best idea the show has had this year. (Last year's great idea was the addition of Drake Maverick as general manager.) I've been complaining just a tiny bit that the cruiserweight division was getting a little stale, especially with the slow trickle of new talent, that they've pretty much had to force themselves to make too many ill-advised turns in the past few months.
Sharing the division between 205 Live and NXT TV not only unlocks an entire division waiting in the wings over on the black-and-yellow brand, but it also gives the cruiserweights even more time to flesh out their stories. Sure, we might not be seeing Drew Gulak and the others yet on Wednesday nights, but now I know the option is there, and I'm glad.
That said, the roster sharing isn't without its problems right now. Last week on NXT, the returning Lio Rush... returned... to win the #1 contendership to the cruiserweight title from out of nowhere. Outside of this week's 205 Live opening recap, that wasn't really touched on, with the main event instead focusing on Oney Lorcan's beef with Gulak and Tony Nese, as well as introducing Danny Burch to the show. It seems as though they haven't truly figured out yet how stories will unfold over both shows, and they'll need to figure that out soon with Hell in a Cell happening next week.
And if the plan is to keep holding Cruiserweight Championship matches on PPV kickoffs—because we don't know if they'll be moved to NXT Takeovers now—they'd better bring Lio back on 205 real quick. But if it isn't, that's fine too; I just really want to know what the new setup is moving forward so I can temper my expectations.
The other other elephant in the room is the fact that Lio seems to still be a heel, which means they're going to have to find a way to make it jive against another heel in Drew Gulak. If they're going to make this make sense, it probably means the cruiserweight division's stories are moving to the NXT timeline.
205 Live 9/24/19 Grade: Angel Garza's back for a fun match with his cousin Humberto Carrillo, while Danny Burch's 205 Live debut was also rock-solid. An A- for this no-filler, all-killer episode.
Short stops
The frantic opening minutes of the Garza/Carrillo match, where they went full lucha libre, was everything I really wanted from the luchadores of this show. The WWE style slows them down too much, which is fine, but it's not really ideal for a brand that's built around cruiserweights—remember that the audience has a certain idea of how a cruiserweight, especially a luchador, should wrestle. If the show hasn't really lit a fire in the WWE Universe, it's because of stylistic decisions like this. Let them be free. I'm hoping Triple H taking control means more artistic freedom for the cruiserweights.
Hilarious work from the commentators during Garza/Carrillo, with Aiden English continuing to make himself stand out. Now that Nigel's gone, I'm really just waiting for him to turn into the heel color commentator.
Brian Kendrick is the latest victim of the current heel turn trend, and while it was a really good promo for him (this whole gives-no-fucks veteran is the best character he has) I'm just afraid of going back to feuds with both Akira Tozawa and Jack Gallagher, which has honestly been done to death. It feels like everyone's spinning in place here.
How silly does Tony Nese look now that he's gone back to being Drew Gulak's lackey and still losing? I get that Oney and Danny needed to look strong, but damn, look how far Nese has fallen from the spring.
Romeo Moran (@roiswar) is the Editor in Chief of Smark Henry, one of the three hosts of the Smark Gilas-Pilipinas Podcast, and is associated with Philippine Wrestling Revolution. He gets by in this hard knock life through working in publishing. Smark Henry was his and Stan Sy's original vision of a watering hole for local wrestling fans. He roots for the undersized guys who hit hard, but really hates Davey Richards with his entire soul. He likes taking your wrestling questions over on his Curiouscat account.
205 Live Live From The 205 Review WWE
Labels: 205 Live Live From The 205 Review WWE


Motor oil is the blood of the engine. As our tire manager Rubin says, "If there's no oil, the car won't run for long." You need the right amount, the right type, at the right time. If any of these things are off, it could spell trouble.
To achieve peak engine performance and longevity, start by learning how to check your oil like a pro. And since that means paying attention to the details, the following step-by-step overview provides some of those, too.
1. Park your car on level ground to ensure you get an accurate reading. Turn off the engine and wait 10 to 15 minutes for it to cool down.
Manufacturers used to recommend that you check your oil when the engine was cold, to give the oil a chance to settle in the oil pan. As CarTalk notes, however, many manufacturers have since recalibrated their dipsticks to read correctly even when the engine is warm. Check your owner's manual for vehicle specific instructions.
2. With the engine off, pop the hood and locate the oil dipstick. It often has a red or orange plastic tab on it. If a quick look around the engine doesn't help, refer to your owner's manual. Some newer cars monitor oil levels electronically and don't allow manual oil checks.
Detail: Make it a habit.
Check your oil once per month. Refer to your owner's manual or rely on your Firestone Complete Auto Care technician for current, engine-specific, oil service interval recommendations.
3. Remove the dipstick. It's not necessary to wear gloves for this part, but you may want to do so to keep your hands clean. Spoiler alert: You'll get a sneak peek at your oil's level and consistency, but an oil dipstick reading at this step is unreliable. Keep reading and don't skip step four.
4. Wipe the dipstick (from the handle to the tip) with a clean rag or paper towel. The reading you get from pulling the dipstick out the first time isn't accurate because the motor oil can splash around or wick upward on the dipstick.
Detail: Take car tech with you.
Download a smartphone app that reminds you when it's time to get your car checked. Free maintenance apps such as aCar, myCARFAX, and Auto Care 1 can help you stay on top of your vehicle's most important service milestones.
wait for a second, and then remove it again.
6. Review the level of oil on both sides of the dipstick. Indicators toward the bottom of the stick will let you know if the oil is low, good, or high.
Motor oil gets contaminated several ways, including debris introduced through the air, tiny metal shavings from the engine itself, and combustion by-products. A clean oil filter helps fend off these contaminants so that your motor oil can do its job. Every Firestone Complete Auto Care oil change comes with a filter change, but not all oil change providers include this in their standard service.
7. Visually inspect the color and consistency of the oil on the stick. This can help you determine the oil's current effectiveness. If your oil appears black, thick, gritty, or milky, it might be time for an oil change.
8. Wipe the dipstick off again and put it completely back into its tube. Make sure it is fully inserted. Close the hood.
9. If your oil check indicated that oil is low, off-colored, or a strange consistency, visit your local Firestone Complete Auto Care to speak with an oil expert. We'll perform a courtesy checkup and if needed, an expert oil change.
Detail: Turn to the pros to avoid any cons.
Checking your oil and changing it regularly is the number one thing you can do for your engine. Make sure it gets done right, at the right time. Not only will your engine get the care and attention it needs, but you'll also get peace of mind along with a smooth moving engine!