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Northeast - Summer 2020
Carol Pinnell-Alison, Heafner, Kerry, Singh, Raghuwinder, Strahan, Ronald E., Fontenot, Kathryn, Kirk-Ballard, Heather
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The Right Plant in the Right Place
Early summer is a busy time for gardeners. Winter annuals and the earliest spring blooms are long gone, and warm-season color now occupies both beds and containers. The vegetable garden is off and running, control of warm-season weeds in the lawn has begun in earnest and, more importantly, decisions are being made about new additions to the landscape.
With any project, the gardener needs to keep a single, basic concept in mind: the right plant in the right place. While reading about new plants and sharing ideas with gardening friends can be fun, determining if a plant is suitable for a particular site is paramount. Make sure species and variety selections you choose are recommended for northeast Louisiana. The LSU AgCenter has numerous recommendations for both ornamentals and edibles that will do well in our area. A soil test will determine if a plant is suitable for an acidic soil or a more alkaline soil. Soil pH determines whether nutrients are available for absorption by the plant roots. The primary nutrients plants need are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur.
When making new selections for your landscape, remember that the spacing of plants is important for both visual appeal and adequate air circulation to reduce disease problems. Make sure the plant's expected height and width at maturity fit the site. As you know, our summer heat and humidity favor numerous pests and pathogens, so select species and varieties that are known to have good resistance to them. Accurate identification of insect pests or fungal pathogens is key to efficient control of these issues. If using a chemical pesticide, always read, understand and follow the directions for mixing and handling instructions on the label.
Carol Pinnell-Alison
Area Horticulturist, Franklin and Richland Parishes
Knock Out Roses provide color throughout the
long hot summers of Louisiana's NE Region.
ID Poison Ivy, Other Rash-Causing Plants
If you're outdoors at all during a Louisiana summer, an encounter with poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is tough to avoid. This time of year, LSU AgCenter extension offices throughout the Northeast Region get a lot of questions about poison ivy — mainly about how to identify it and kill it. Because plant identification and gardening pages on social media often present misleading information about how to positively identify poison ivy and distinguish it from both poison oak (T. pubescens) and poison sumac (T. vernix), let's look at these three itchy troublemakers.
All three species are members of the cashew family. The genus name Toxicodendron literally means "poison tree." All three produce an oil called urushiol that typically causes a mild to severe rash when it contacts skin. Some folks are highly allergic to it, some are only mildly allergic to it and a lucky few are not allergic to it at all. All three species have leaves that are always both alternately arranged and compound, meaning the leaves are divided into leaflets.
Poison ivy is, by far, the most common of the three species. Its leaves are divided into three leaflets, which may be variously lobed or not lobed at all. In sunny situations, the leaflets may have a shiny appearance. Poison ivy is always a vine, but especially robust specimens may appear shrubby. Poison ivy is easily identified in winter by the multitude of hairlike, adventitious roots that hold vines tightly to tree trunks. Even in its dormant condition, poison ivy can still cause a rash. Its flowers are small, greenish-white and white drupes that follow spread by birds.
The adage of "leaves of three, let it be!" doesn't necessarily fly. Numerous other plants have trifoliate or compound leaves and are often misidentified as poison ivy, especially peppervine (Nekemias arborea), trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans) and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia). Peppervine and Virginia creeper are both in the grape family. Young leaves of peppervine mimic poison ivy in that the leaflets may be variously lobed. Pinnately compound leaves, the lack of urushiol production, the presence of tendrils, grapelike clusters of tiny flowers, and dark purple or black fruit make peppervine distinctly different from poison ivy. Virginia creeper has palmately compound leaves that sequester calcium oxalate crystals and may irritate sensitive skin, but this is much less frequent than the dermatitis caused by poison ivy. The attractive, red foliage of Virginia creeper in fall is distinctive and should never be confused with the yellow fall foliage of poison ivy.
Unlike poison ivy, the leaves of trumpet creeper are oppositely arranged and pinnately compound. The showy, bright orange, trumpet-shaped flowers make it immediately distinguishable from poison ivy and its cousins. Box elder (Acer negundo), a tree commonly found along streams in our area, is a close look-alike but is distinguished by its oppositely arranged leaves.
Poison oak also has leaves divided into three leaflets. Poison oak is a shrub and is generally restricted to drier upland sites, whereas poison ivy, a vine, is found in a variety of habitats. Poison sumac is small and less common in Louisiana. Poison sumac is basically a wetland species with pinnately compound leaves that may divided into seven to 13 leaflets. Some possible poison sumac look-alikes may include elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) and saplings of ash (Fraxinus sp.). Again, both will always have oppositely arranged leaves as opposed to alternately arranged leaves. Another possible poison sumac imposter is tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), which will not likely be found in poison sumac habitat. The nontoxic sumacs, of the genus Rhus, are much more abundant in our area and are commonly seen on roadside banks. Their red and orange fall foliage is quite stunning.
Kerry D. Heafner
Area Horticulturist, Morehouse, Ouachita and Union Parishes
Leaves of poison ivy are divided into three leaflets. Photo credit: Kerry Heafner
Poison sumac has pinnately compound leaves and is mainly a wetland plant. Photo credit: Dawn McMillian, Almost Eden Nursery
The leaves of box elder, a riparian tree, closely resemble those of poison ivy.
Photo credit: Kerry Heafner
Leaves of poison oak are divided into three leaflets, each of which closely resemble oak leaves. Photo credit: Dawn McMillian, Almost Eden Nursery
Leaves of Virginia creeper have five leaflets as opposed to three leaflets of poison ivy. Photo credit: Kerry Heafner
Young leaves of peppervine are often mistaken for poison ivy. Photo credit: Kerry Heafner
Growing an Edible Landscape
There's a whole lot of mowing going on around town and all over the state this time of year. Grasses thrive in this hot and humid weather. Drive anywhere and you will see landscape crews and homeowners out on mowers and with string trimmers trying to tame the weeds and grass — all to start the cycle over again in a week's time. It's a daunting task at times, and I, for one, am thankful that my husband handles that duty and leaves me to tend the garden and bedding plants.
Why not reduce the amount of time you spend manicuring your turfgrass and lawn and consider putting in plants that yield a return for all that hard work? Don't get me wrong, I love a nicely manicured lawn, but I also love and embrace the idea of minimizing the inputs while maximizing the outputs. It brings to mind a saying: "Work smarter, not harder!"
A great way to minimize your inputs while maximizing your gardens outputs is to use plants that are edible. Many fruit and vegetable plants not only provide food, they are also very beautiful. When you garden this way, your yard becomes twice as valuable by adding beauty while putting food on the table, too! Edible plants can be just as attractive with blooms that later yield fruit. Many edible tubers, such as sweet potatoes, have beautiful foliage and have been bred to be used as ornamental plants.
There are many benefits to edible landscaping. You can save money on groceries by growing your own food. You'll also save money in water and fuel costs when you reduce the amount of turf areas in your lawn. Lawns require large amounts of supplemental water when there is no rain and the mowing has to be kept up. You can also enjoy homegrown flavor, and because you tend your garden you know for certain what chemicals have been applied and when they were used. That gives you the control to make wise decisions when using pesticides and herbicides.
Additionally, it helps the environment. When you grow your own food, you eliminate the need to ship from the farm to the grocery. If you garden organically you can take it one step further. By growing native plants, you will also support the environment and native insects and wildlife that are integral to our ecosystems. I love watching birds, and many foods that are edible to us are just as loved by birds and other local wildlife.
Some things to consider are that fruits and vegetables require six to eight hours of sun to produce well. Some native plants will be more tolerable of some shade, along with plants that have edible leaves, such as lettuce and kale. So, consider these types of plants when your area is more shaded. Dwarf yaupon holly is a native shrub that has leaves and stems that can be brewed to make a tea that has a higher caffeine content than coffee or green tea from Camellia sinensis. Both are edible shrubs that tolerate shade and are edible. Yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria) has red berries that birds just love and are a great selection for decorating in the wintertime.
Be sure you think about the mature size of the plants you select. Trees will require much more room and may need watering when rain is scarce. Some trees to consider for Louisiana are figs, persimmons, pecans, satsumas, mayhaws, pawpaws, date palms, olives, pomegranates, lemons, kumquats, loquats, and some peaches, apples and pears in the more northern parts of the state. Consult the LSU AgCenter website for a list of varieties suitable for your area. Make sure you keep in the mind the chilling hours required to produce fruit. Remember to consider your climate and temperatures when selecting your trees.
Some edible shrubs to consider are blueberries, currants, *evergreen huckleberry, *elderberries, *serviceberries, yaupon holly, tea (Camellia sinensis) and pineapple guava. (*denotes native plants).
Some vines to consider are blackberry, cucumbers, snap peas, field peas, and muscadine and table grapes. These will require some trellising. Additionally, a plethora of vegetables can be grown here in Louisiana — artichokes, asparagus, eggplant, corn, okra and tomatoes. Some will produce better than others, but they are all worth a try! Some cool-season crops to consider are broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, mustard greens, lettuce and arugula.
There are also many herb options to consider, such as rosemary, oregano, basil, dill, thyme, tarragon, curry and lavender. When some of the herbs go to seed, they produce gorgeous flowers! Don't be afraid to think outside the box of how we have traditionally thought our landscapes should look. It is exciting to watch plants perform in their natural habit and support their growth at all stages. This type of landscaping does not have to be all or nothing. Use your imagination and get creative with all the options our state and climate will support! You'll save yourself a great deal of time and have a greater return on your work. It's good for the soul, too! Gardening is a great way to get some exercise and spend time with your family. It is a great stress reliever, and it can provide so much joy and good food, too! So, get out there and greaux your edible landscapes.
Dr. Heather Kirk-Ballard
Horticulture Specialist
Loquats flower in the fall and fruit matures in the spring.
Persimmon fruit hangs on the trees in fall even after leaves have dropped.
Olives.
Checklist for June, July and August
Plant: Most annuals and perennials were planted in the spring from March to May. However, containerized plants can still be planted in the summer, and the earlier in the summer the better. Take into account the increasing temperatures and water demands. Newly planted bedding plants will need to be watered more frequently for good establishment.
Annual plants to consider: Celosia, cosmos, Mexican heather, nicotiana, pentas, purslane, salvia, sedums, sunflowers and zinnias.
Perennials to consider: Angel trumpet, butterfly weed, coreopsis, daylily, native hibiscus, lantana, plumbago, salvia, Shasta daisy, pennisetum, verbena and yarrow. Many of the perennials listed make great specimens for a pollinator garden!
Plant warm-season grasses throughout the summer. Planting in June will provide more opportunities for lawns to become established before going dormant in the winter.
If you fertilized your bermudagrass, zoysia and St. Augustinegrass lawns in April, you can make another application this month. Do not fertilize centipedegrass.
Herbicides: It's time to stop using weed killers in the lawn during these hot summer months, as the heat will cause injury to the lawns.
Pesticides: Chinch bugs and mole crickets are a problem this time of year. If these are a problem in your lawn, follow pesticide labels and directions to deal with any issues these pests cause.
Mowing will be the most common practice in the home landscape these summer months as the grass thrives and grows aggressively. Be sure to cut your lawn to proper heights once a week or every other week depending on growth and rain activity:
Bermudagrass, 1-1 ½ inches; centipedegrass, 1-2 inches; St. Augustinegrass, 2-3 inches; and zoysia, ½-1 ½ inches.
Plant: Increasing heat and water requirements make planting shrubs and trees this month more challenging; however, container plants can still be installed. Be aware of the need for more frequent watering as plants use water faster when it is hot and they are actively growing. Transplanting trees and shrubs from one location to another this month is not recommended.
Pests: Control aphids on crape myrtles. For roses continue a spray program that includes both a fungicide for black spot control and an insecticide to control pests.
Prune roses in August to get them in shape for fall blooming season by cutting back to the desired height and removing all dead, diseased and spindly stems.
Fertilize roses just after pruning with a rose fertilizer to provide extra nutrients for the fall bloom.
Vegetable Gardening in June, July and August
The dog days of summer are upon us. What does this phrase even mean? Well, this article was written in March, a period in my life when gardening and home schooling were happening simultaneously. Thanks, COVID-19! It just so happened that I needed to write this article for work, and I needed to help my fifth grader son learn about astronomy. We were reviewing the constellations, their major stars and why astrology — not astronomy — is thought of as a pseudoscience. The dog days of summer to us in the 21st century means serious heat. However, to the ancient Greeks it meant the period when the "Dog Star," or Sirius, was visible in the night sky … and that used to happen in July. Depending on where you live in the northern hemisphere, you may or may not see Sirius in July anymore because of your latitude and the Earth's wobbly spinning motion. However, what we do know is June, July and August are hot months and, like astrology and astronomy, good and bad garden advice will circulate. Therefore, if you are looking for sound horticulture science, not pseudoscience, look no further than the few paragraphs below.
Collard greens, cucumbers, watermelons, cantaloupe, okra, southern peas, pumpkins and summer squash can all be seeded directly into the garden during June. Wait until late June to plant pumpkins if you want them ready for early October and Halloween decorating.
You can plant sweet potato slips this month.
In mid-June, plant a summer crop of heat-set tomatoes. Planting heat-set tomatoes is very important. These cultivars have been bred to set fruit during high nighttime temperatures, whereas other cultivars will not. If managed correctly, heat-set tomatoes will produce fruit through October. Preferred varieties include Florida 91, Solar set, Sun Master, Phoenix and Bella Rosa.
Transplant another fall crop of heat-set tomatoes (late July). These will take you through the first freeze. Transplant bell peppers as well.
Direct-seed okra, southern peas, cucumbers, squash, cantaloupe and watermelons throughout July. Direct-seed pumpkins in the first week of July for an early October harvest.
Late July or early August is a good time to start thinking about your fall garden. Order broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, cabbage and all your root crop seeds. This is very important because all the good gardeners are also ordering seeds now, and you don't want the leftovers!
Plant bush lima beans in the garden.
Start seeds of broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, cucumbers, squash, mustard greens and shallot sets for an early fall garden start in September. Start your seeds on a table outdoors under the shade. Do not forget to keep them moist.
You can transplant broccoli and Brussels sprouts as early as mid-August in the garden but beware of worms. They will get you this time of year. I personally like to wait until mid-September to transplant fall crops. But some people like the thrill of being the first on the block with the fall produce. In a garden rush? At the end of this month, direct-seed beets and lettuce for an early crop.
Late August is the perfect time for a fall crop of Irish potatoes. It is hard to find them at the hardware store, so many people save the smaller potatoes from their spring harvest for a fall planting. If you are doing this, you do not need to cut the potatoes into pieces. Just plant the small potatoes whole.
Are your okra and eggplants looking a little spindly? Cut them back about knee height and add a little fertilizer. They will flush out again and produce until the first freeze.
Enjoy the garden!
Dr. Kiki Fontenot
State Vegetable Extension Specialist
Tips for Summer Care of Turfgrass
Summer is the peak growing season for lawns in Louisiana. If you did not fertilize during the spring, you still have time to fertilize and get your yard in good shape prior to fall. Keep up a good fertility program through early to late August. Remember to apply all granular materials on a dry lawn and water very soon after application. Make sure lawns are getting adequate amounts of moisture during the summer months, but don't overwater. Water deeply only once or twice per week or as needed based on the amount of rainfall. The purpose of irrigation is to supplement rainfall. I am not a fan of watering lawns every day unless we are in severe drought.
Consider aerifying compacted soil. I've seen aerification completely change thin lawns caused by compacted soil into thick and healthy turf. Aerifying helps with water percolation and increases the turf's rooting depth and makes for a more drought-tolerant lawn.
Fertilizing the Lawn
St. Augustinegrass and zoysia both respond well to fertilizer applications. St. Augustinegrass may be fertilized up to three times during the growing season — April, June and mid-August. Fertilize zoysia twice per growing season — in April and again in July.
Bermudagrass is an even bigger fertilizer user and can be fertilized from three to five times during the growing season, especially if you like to mow grass. Carpetgrass and centipedegrass are not big fertilizer users. Usually, two applications, in April and July, will take care of centipedegrass, and one application in April will be sufficient for carpetgrass.
Centipedegrass should receive its second and final fertilizer application in July. For centipedegrass, apply only one-half of a pound of actual nitrogen per 1,000 square feet. For example, apply 3 pounds of 17-0-17 per 1,000 square feet or 5 pounds of 10-0-10 per 1,000 square feet. St. Augustinegrass would need 6 and 10 pounds of the aforementioned fertilizers.
If your lawn is not performing well, there could be a nutrient deficiency in the soil. The only surefire way to know what your soil needs is to collect a soil sample and submit it for testing at the LSU AgCenter Soil Testing and Plant Analysis Lab. In order to simplify the soil sampling and submission process, there are pre-addressed submission boxes with sampling instructions at several garden centers throughout the state and at your local parish extension office. Once submitted, the results will be sent to your home mailbox or email, usually in less than two weeks. Your parish LSU AgCenter extension agent can help you interpret the results from the soil sample and tell you exactly what's needed nutrient-wise to make your lawn beautiful.
Correct Mowing Heights Are Highly Important
You may not know this, but there is a correct mowing height for your lawn. St. Augustinegrass is very finicky when it comes to mowing height. Don't cut it too short and don't allow it to get too tall. It likes to be maintained around 3 inches, the tallest mowing height of all the lawns grown in Louisiana. If you cut St. Augustinegrass too short, it becomes stressed and more prone to disease and weed infestations.
Centipedegrass is often maintained too tall. Centipedegrass should be mowed to 1 to 1.5 inches. This helps prevent thatch buildup. Zoysia also likes to be mowed in the 1-to-1.5-inch range. Bermudagrass should be mowed from 1 to 2 inches. Shorter mowing heights are better when more frequent mowing is possible. Keep mower blades sharp to ensure a clean cut and good lawn health.
Watch for chinch bugs in St. Augustinegrass and bermudagrass lawns. Treat them with an LSU AgCenter-recommended insecticide, such as bifenthrin (Talstar and many other trade names). Chinch bug problems show up as yellowish-brown to straw-colored areas of the lawn during hot, dry weather. These insects extract plant juices from turfgrass stems and crowns while pumping toxic salivary fluids into the lawn. The fluids disrupt the plant's vascular system. The damage actually resembles herbicide damage.
Check for chinch bugs in the lawn by saturating suspected areas with a gallon of water mixed with a few squirts of lemon dishwashing soap. This soapy solution irritates chinch bugs and brings them up near the grass surface so you can see them and determine if the bugs are causing the lawn damage. If it's hot and dry and there are dead spots in your St. Augustinegrass, chinch bugs are the first thing that I would consider.
Additional insect problems that appear during the summer include armyworms and tropical sod webworms. These moth larvae or "worms" can cause severe lawn damage very quickly and will need to be killed with insecticides to prevent further damage. Tropical sod webworms can devastate St. Augustinegrass and carpetgrass lawns. Armyworms prefer bermudagrass and can completely defoliate acres of pasture and lawns. Bifenthrin is a good insecticide option for tropical sod webworms, armyworms and chinch bugs infesting the lawn.
Be mindful of these pests as you walk through your lawns. Investigate damaged areas and treat them accordingly.
Chinchbugs
Virginia Buttonweed and Other Summer Weeds
In late spring to early summer, Virginia buttonweed starts forming mats that can eventually smother out the lawn. Pull up small populations of Virginia buttonweed or carefully treat them with herbicides like metsulfuron (MSM Turf and other trade names) or Celsius. These herbicides work well with repeated applications spaced four to six weeks apart. Metsulfuron and Celsius can be safely applied on St. Augustinegrass, centipedegrass, bermudagrass and zoysia during warm weather. Carpetgrass will be damaged by Celsius herbicide. Bahiagrass will not tolerate metsulfuron or Celsius.
Common lespedeza is a mat-forming annual legume that emerges in the spring and lingers deep into fall throughout Louisiana. By late summer, the plant matures and becomes woody and tough on lawn mower blades. Metsulfuron works well on this weed but early summer applications are more effective.
Torpedograss is a perennial grass that's mainly a problem in south Louisiana, but I do get calls from north Louisiana as well. There are few lawn problems more devastating than a torpedograss infestation. Torpedograss is extremely tolerant of herbicides and easily outcompetes centipedegrass and other slow-growing grasses.
The weed often starts from soil brought in during flower bed construction. However, it quickly spreads from the flower bed to the lawn. The ability to suppress torpedograss in lawns depends on the turfgrass species. Selectively removing torpedograss out of lawn grasses and sports fields is rarely completely achievable. Quinclorac (Drive and other trade names) is a herbicide that is somewhat effective in suppressing torpedograss in bermudagrass and zoysia. Unfortunately, you cannot use quinclorac in centipedegrass and St. Augustinegrass.
Sethoxydim (Bonide Grass Beater and other trade names) will temporarily injure torpedograss infesting centipedegrass, but it does not provide long-term control. The torpedograss recovers and the weed infests the centipedegrass again. Unfortunately, there are no selective herbicide options for torpedograss infesting St. Augustinegrass. Often, complete renovation is necessary when centipedegrass and St. Augustinegrass are severely infested.
If you decide to renovate and install a new lawn, consider sodding the lawn with zoysia (semishady or full-sun lawns) or bermudagrass (for full sun only). Converting to zoysia or bermudagrass will allow the use of quinclorac, the most effective selective herbicide on torpedograss. Installing zoysia may be the better fit for Louisiana because of its good shade and drought tolerance. Zoysia is not a high-maintenance grass when managed properly. Maintain zoysia at 1 to 1.5 inches with a sharp mower blade and fertilize twice per year. There are several sod farmers in Louisiana that grow zoysia, so it is readily available.
Proper lawn maintenance keeps your lawn healthy and reduces the need for the use of pesticides. If it becomes necessary to use a pesticide in the lawn, it is highly important to always read and follow their labels before using. The label will tell you how to use the product safely to achieve satisfactory results. You will find the label attached to the product's container.
Dr. Ron Strahan
Weed Scientist and Turfgrass Specialist
Virginia buttonweed begins flowering in mid-summer.
Common lespedeza.
Plant Disease Management in Home Vegetable Gardens
Vegetables grown in home gardens are susceptible to several diseases caused by fungi, water molds, bacteria and viruses. Plant diseases are infectious and able to spread from plant to plant. Some pathogens attack a wide variety of plants, but others are host specific.
Plant pathogens can attack all plant parts, but many only attack certain tissues, such as roots or leaves. Plant diseases occur in the home vegetable garden when environmental conditions are suitable for pathogens to develop on susceptible hosts. Plants weakened by adverse conditions may be further predisposed to attack by pathogens.
Successful disease management begins with accurate identification of the cause of the problem. Knowing the common diseases of individual crops aids greatly in disease identification and management. Many diseases are readily identified based on characteristic signs — observations of the pathogens themselves — and their symptoms.
Prevention is the key to successfully managing plant diseases in the home garden.
When available, resistant or tolerant varieties should be chosen. Insects can introduce viruses and bacteria into a plant, causing disease. The principal methods to manage diseases spread by insects are to remove infected plants as soon as they are observed and to prevent insect infestations with insecticides.
Choose a well-drained planting site or plant on raised beds that allow for adequate drainage. Water on a regular basis, but do not overwater. If a disease occurs, avoid planting the same or other susceptible plants in the same location in the following year. Good sanitation practices, which include cleaning tools, may reduce the disease spread. Manage weeds as they can harbor both viruses and their insect vectors.
Common Plant Diseases of Home Vegetables
Leaf spots/blights. Anthracnose, leaf spots, leaf blights and fruit rots are caused by a variety of fungi and bacteria. Symptoms vary depending on the pathogen and include circular to irregularly shaped brown spots (lesions) on the leaves, stems and fruit. Spots may be surrounded by yellow or greasy water-soaked halos. On fruit, spots may be raised and crusty (bacterial diseases), smooth and sunken (anthracnose) or dark and water soaked (soft rots) (Figure 1).
Downy mildew. This disease is caused by various "water molds" that commonly occur on cole crops, cucurbits, onions, lettuce, spinach, sweet basil and other leafy greens. The first symptom usually is the appearance of pale green to light yellow spots on the upper leaf surfaces. As the disease progresses, the spots turn yellow and angular to irregular in shape. During moist weather, downy pale gray to purple growth and spores (called sporangia) form on the undersides of the spots. Leaves eventually wither and turn brown. Spores are disseminated primarily by wind and rain, and the disease develops during periods of cool, wet weather, except for downy mildew on cucurbits, which can develop and grow at temperatures as high as 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Moisture on the leaves is required for disease development (Figure 2).
Powdery mildew. This is a type of fungal disease that is common on a variety of vegetables, including beans, peas, okra, tomatoes and all the cucurbits. On many vegetables the first symptoms are yellow spots on the surface of older leaves. As the disease progresses, a grayish or whitish powdery growth is visible first on the upper surface of infected leaves. When disease pressure is high, a whitish powdery growth appears on the undersides of the leaves and spots are observed on stems and fruit; however, fruit symptoms on most vegetables are rare. Fruit become sunburned because heavily infected leaves usually drop prematurely. Disease develops most frequently on plants grown in shade or partial shade when temperatures are moderate to warm and humidity is high
Phytophthora root rot. Root and crown rots commonly affect plants in the home garden, particularly those in poorly drained sites with compacted soils. The first noticeable above-ground symptoms generally include wilting of the leaves, especially during the heat of the day, and stunting of the plants. Additional symptoms, such as defoliation and dark elongated lesions on the stems, are observed in the later stages of disease development. Dark reddish-brown lesions are observed on the roots. In case of Phytophthora infections, the outer layer of the root (cortex) easily sloughs off, resulting in rattail-like symptoms (Figure 4).
Southern blight. The fungus attacks the lower stem of a variety of vegetables at or near the soil line during warm and wet conditions. Infected plants rapidly wilt and collapse. Closer examination of the base of a diseased plant reveals a lesion that girdles the stem. When conditions are very humid and moist, white fungal strands (mycelium) and specialized tan-colored overwintering structures (sclerotia) are observed on the base of the plant (Figure 5).
Southern bacterial wilt. Southern bacterial wilt of tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and potatoes is caused by the soil-borne bacterium. Bacteria enter the roots through wounds. Wet soils and high temperatures favor disease development. Disease severity often is higher in soils infested with root-knot nematodes. Infected plants initially go limp but recover overnight. As the disease progresses, plants rapidly wilt and die. Dark brown sunken lesions may be observed on the bases of infected tomato plants. When stems of wilted branches are cut in a 1-to-2-inch cross-section and suspended in clean water in a glass container, milky threads of bacteria stream from the cut stem (Figure 6).
Plant viruses. Viruses can infect many types of vegetables. Typical virus symptoms include mosaic, mottle and ring spot or line patterns on the foliage or fruit, leaf distortion and distorted fruit. Some common viruses found in home gardens are cucumber mosaic virus, impatiens necrotic spot virus, tobacco mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus (Figure 7) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (Figure 8). Viruses are spread primarily by various insects. Aphids, whiteflies and thrips are the most common. Many viruses also can be transmitted by seeds or mechanically in sap or on pruning shears or on hands. Keep in mind that some symptoms caused by viruses look similar to the symptoms caused by nutrient deficiencies or herbicide injuries. Once infected with a virus, a plant cannot be cured.
Fungicides Available for Disease Management in Home Vegetable Gardens
Many fungicides and some bactericides are available to aid in the management of these plant diseases, but they should always be used in conjunction with cultural practices intended to modify the environment to make it less conducive to disease development. Some of the common fungicides include captan, chlorothalonil, copper, mancozeb, myclobutanil, neem oil, phosphorus acid, potassium biocarbonate, propiconazole (sweet corn only) and sulfur. For complete detailed information on use of fungicides, go to lsuagcenter.com and search for the LSU AgCenter Plant Disease Management Guide.
Dr. Raj Singh
Plant Pathologist and Director of Plant Diagnostic Center
Figure 1. Tomato early blight.
Figure 2. Sweet basil downy mildew.
Figure 3. Chayote powdery mildew.
Figure 4. Okra Phytophthora root rot.
Figure 5. Tomato southern blight
Figure 6. Tomato southern bacterial wilt.
Figure 7. Tomato spotted wilt disease.
Figure 8. Tomato yellow leaf curl disease.
How to Take a Soil Sample
The LSU AgCenter Soil Testing and Plant Analysis Laboratory is the only laboratory that incorportates the latest Louisiana -specific soil fertility research in its recommendations systems. The lab offers testing for nutritional status of plants, irrigation and pond water. Soil test kits are available at local garden centers or you r parish LSU AgCenter extension office. Kits include directions for gathering soil samples, a soil test request form, a sealable plastic bag and a pre-addressed, postage-paid box.
Divide area into sections to be tested on basis of slope, type of plants to be grown or other variations.
Sample to depth of 2-3 inches for turf and 6 inches for cultivated beds.
Take soil from at least 10 places in each section to be tested to obtain a representative sample.
Combine soil for section to be tested. Mix soil thoroughly. Soil for each test section should be kept separate.
Place one pint of soil in a sealable plastic bag for each section to be tested. Label each bag according to soil test request form. Sample boxes are available from your parish LSU AgCenter extension office or local garden center.
Fill out the soil test request form, place it in the box and put the pre-addressed, postage-paid box in the mail.
LSU AgCenter Soil Testing and Plant Analysis Lab
www.lsuagcenter.com/soiltest
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Paul Kowalow, an alumni of the New York Institute of Photography, an MBA graduate from a California University and a Computing Science degree holder from Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC. A native of Poland, Paul has traveled around the world and lived in Germany, United Kingdom, Mexico, Canada, and the United States.
Paul now lives and works in Chicago, USA.
This page was last edited on 10 November 2011, at 09:58.


The following reflection was submitted by Dr. Mary Mazzarella, the Medical Consultant for the Cause of Miriam Teresa Demjanovich.
It certainly was an honor and a privilege for me to be the medical consultant for the cause of Beatification and Canonization of the then Servant of God, Sister Miriam Teresa Demjanovich SC.
I had been appointed in 1997 by Sister Marian Jose Smith, the director and Vice Postulator of the League for the Servant of God, Sister Miriam Teresa.
Sister Miriam Teresa was declared Blessed by Pope Francis on December 17, 2013 when he Pope Francis accepted the miracle that Sister Miriam had performed, the curing of a blind boy named Michael Mencer.
Unfortunately, Sister Marian Jose passed away on October 2, 2012. She did however live to see Sister Miriam Teresa declared Venerable by Pope Benedict XVI on May 12, 2012.
As I reflect back on the work Sister Marian Jose and I did together, it becomes very apparent to me that Sister Marian and I were simply workers in God's Vineyard and being guided by His Hand.
I say this because the letter that started us on this case was discovered after sitting in a filing cabinet for 27 years! Michael's mother had written the then vice postulator in 1971 stating emphatically that her son's blindness had been cured by Sister Miriam Teresa! This letter was found in the summer of 1998.
Why was it discovered after 27 years? Why not before? It was now time.
All the professionals in this case were by now deceased: the two physicians, and the two Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth at the St. Anastasia School in Teaneck, where Michael was a student.
In 1999, through the guidance of the Holy Spirit, telling me to call the Bergen County Medical Society, I was able to obtain the actual medical records of Doctor Sullivan, one of Michael's doctors. His hand written note from 1963, 36 years later was the evidence we needed to present to Rome. The obtaining of this letter after so much time is a minor miracle unto itself, I believe.
We had only one letter from the doctor who had examined Michael and made the diagnosis of bilateral macular degeneration and that Michael was legally blind. This letter from Dr. Carter was a copy of a letter to the family doctor.
The next important factor in this case is that Michael's third grade teacher, Sister Mary Augustine, was not only his teacher but the Director of the Miriam Teresa League for St. Anastasia Convent and school. It was her duty to foster devotion to Sister Miriam Teresa to everyone.
One day Sister Mary Augustine sent Michael home with a prayer card and a memento which contained a very small piece of one strand of her hair.
Michael was cured of his blindness walking home holding and looking at the memento with the small piece of hair. Not too much before this incident Michael had walked into a moving car, so imagine him being able to see that small piece of hair!
Michael was eight years old when he regained his sight. He came to realize this fact when he was giving testimony at the official medical tribunal in 2003. This was his moment of discovery. Michael was now almost 48 years old!
I am eternally grateful to Sister Marian Jose for allowing me to be part of this process.
Through the kindness of Bishop Arthur Serratelli, I am now able to devote time to investigate two other potential causes.


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Highly selected low-risk patients can be safely sent home about 24 hours after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when supported by intense, multidisciplinary virtual follow-up, a prospective study suggests for the first time.
The risk for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in STEMI patients following an early hospital discharge (EHD) pathway was similar at 9 months to that seen for propensity-matched historic control subjects who met the same EHD criteria but were discharged later than 48 hours.
The stay in almost half (48%) the early discharge group was 24 hours or less, where to buy generic augmentin uk without prescription according to the study, published December 13 in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
"We've shown that if we use appropriate risk criteria and instigate the appropriate, safe follow-up that it's safe to select and discharge low-risk patients at an earlier time period, such as 24 hours," senior author Daniel A. Jones, PhD, Barts Heart Centre, London, told theheart.org | Medscape Cardiology.
"Obviously, it's one center in one city in the world," he said. "Whether it's applicable at other heart site centers, I believe it is but I think we need more data to be able to change guidelines."
Current European Society of Cardiology guidelines say that select patients should be considered for early discharge 48 to 72 hours after STEMI, but the COVID-19 pandemic incentivized the team to try and push that window.
"The COVID pandemic essentially brought a focus on resources, on minimizing the risk to our patient population in terms of catching COVID within hospital," he said. "It became clear that to maintain the heart site service, we probably needed to get people out a bit quicker than we did before, so we came up with this pathway."
Between March 2020 and June 2021, 600 patients presenting with STEMI were entered into the EHD pathway if they met the following pre-existing criteria for 48- to 72-hour discharge:
Left ventricular ejection fraction 40% or greater
Successful primary PCI with TIMI flow grade 3
Absence of bystander disease requiring inpatient revascularization
No recurrent ischemic symptoms
No heart failure
No significant arrhythmias
No hemodynamic instability
No significant comorbidity
Suitable social circumstances for early discharge.
The patients were given cardiac rehabilitation counseling over the phone within 48 hours and blood pressure machines if not available at home. At weeks 2 and 8, they spoke virtually with a dedicated cardiology advanced care practitioner who up-titrated medications and answered any questions. At week 12, they were seen by an interventional cardiologist or at a high-risk prevention clinic.
Their mean age was 59.2 years, 86% were male, the median symptom-to-balloon time was 80 minutes, and median door-to-balloon time was 50 minutes.
The early discharge patients were compared with 700 historic control subjects who met the EHD criteria and were discharged after 48 hours from October 2018 to June 2021 and 560 patients discharged on standard-care pathways between April 2020 and June 2021.
Those discharged after 48 hours were more likely to have an anterior MI, multivessel disease, and multivessel PCI.
Comparable Outcomes
The median length of stay was 24.6 hours (minimum 17 hours, maximum 40 hours) for the EHD group, 56.1 hours for historic control subjects, and 78.9 hours for the standard-care group.
The introduction of the EHD pathway significantly reduced the overall length of stay for all STEMI patients compared with the pre-pathway period of October 2018 to March 2020 (median, 3 vs 2 days; P < .0001).
Length of stay varied among patients; however, 420 patients stayed 1 less night in the hospital with the remaining patients staying about 8 to 12 fewer hours, resulting in approximate savings of £450,000, the authors note.
Over a median follow-up of 271 days, there were no cardiovascular deaths, two deaths from COVID-19, and a MACE rate of 1.2% (two deaths, three unscheduled revascularizations, and two further MI presentations) in the EHD group. That compares with a 0.7% mortality and 1.9% rate of MACE among historic control subjects, neither of which were significantly different.
There was also no difference in mortality (0.34% vs 0.69%; P = .410) or MACE (1.2% vs 1.9%; P = .342) among 560 pairs of propensity-matched EHD patients and historic control subjects.
Mortality was 4.1% in the standard-care group; cardiovascular mortality was 2.2%, and the rate of MACE was 8.6%.
When patients were surveyed, 85% were "satisfied" or "very satisfied" with the EHD pathway, whereas 73% of control and standard-care patients were satisfied with their care. Three-fourths of EHD patients also reported saving money and 62.5% saved time off work because of the virtual follow-up.
Judgment Calls
"They didn't really tell us much about the patients who didn't qualify into this ultra-low-risk group but, obviously, it's highly selected," Cindy Grines, MD, Northside Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Lawrenceville, Georgia, said in an interview. "In the US, you don't get those chest pain onset-to-reperfusion in 80 minutes. So that was really kind of shocking."
It also suggests that early discharge was applied to patients who may have had minimal myocardial damage from the STEMI, she suggested. "Even in their own hospital system, a lot of patients who met the criteria on paper were kept longer than 48 hours. So a lot of it's a judgement call."
Additional red flags where physicians may overrule the early discharge protocol are very late perfusion, advanced age, severe renal insufficiency, profound anemia, cardiac arrest requiring more than brief resuscitation, bleeding complications, or symptomatic coronavirus, Grines and J. Jeffrey Marshall, MD, also from Northside, observe in an accompanying editorial.
About 60% of patients were suitable for the EHD pathway, Jones said. "Typically, they are quite low risk but we still had four in 10 anterior infarct and about 25% had left ventricular function between 40% and 45%. So even though the majority are low risk, there are patients in there that you would consider to have had a decent infarct."
"I think this is applicable to patients at most centers, and probably anywhere between a third to a fifth of all patients presenting to heart centers would be suitable for this discharge pathway," he said.
Grines said the pathway is "definitely feasible" but there aren't enough patients studied to know with 100% certainty whether it's safe. A single observational study also isn't enough to change guidelines, which in the United States do not comment on length of stay.
"In the ultra-low-risk patients — such as the ones where you got them in very early and you almost aborted the infarct or if it was a very small infarct — you can kind of treat them like an unstable angina patient, where you can do the PCI and potentially discharge them in 24 hours," Grines said. "I think most of us might agree on that."
"The other thing you have to weigh is the risk/benefit ratio," she said. "If you have no beds available, you end up rationing care to some extent. So if you have a patient that's otherwise doing well after a very small MI and have an emergency room full of people that need to be admitted and they're sicker, then you end up making those judgement calls."
Jones pointed out that current guidelines are based largely on observational data and that the team is planning to pilot the EHD pathway at five to 10 centers around the United Kingdom or potentially in Europe or the United States.
"This is an area where a [randomized controlled trial] RCT would be expensive, whereas a well-coordinated multicenter registry would probably provide enough information to change guidelines," he said. "We're not suggesting that every STEMI patient is suitable but people that are low risk that you would already be considering for early discharge I think can go a bit quicker."
Jones has received funding from the Barts Charity and financial support for blood pressure machines from the Barts Guild. First author Krishnaraj Rathod has received funding from the National Institute for Health and Research in the form of an Academic Clinical Lectureship. All other authors, Grines, and Marshall report having no relevant financial relationships.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;78:2550-2560, 2561-2562. Abstract, Editorial
Follow Patrice Wendling on Twitter: @pwendl. For more from theheart.org | Medscape Cardiology, join us on Twitter and Facebook.
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Her student loans were forgiven. Then the Education Department refunded her $20,000
Tax refunds on unemployment benefits still delayed for thousands
The American City With the Most Dog Parks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: nodejs config module optimist or nconf? I've just started writing my first app with NodeJS and I must say it's a pleasure learning how to work with :)
I've reached the point where I'm making some configuration before starting the server, and I would like to load the config from a config.json file.
I have found a few ways so far, either request that json file and leaver node require parse it, use a config.js file and export my config, use nconf, which seems pretty easy to use, or the last option I've seen is using optimist which I thought it would be better than ncond. Though I'm starting to think that the latter, optimist, can only be used for parsing arguments from the node cli.
So I'm asking here, can I use node optimist to get my config from a file, or, if not, should I use nconf ? Or maybe, there's something even better and lightweight out there that I don't know of ? (my options at this point are pretty vague, since I'm not sure if at some point I would like to parse any config from the cli).

A: I use dotenv. It's as easy as:
var dotenv = require('dotenv');
dotenv.load();

Then you just create a .env file with your configuration settings.
S3_BUCKET=YOURS3BUCKET
SECRET_KEY=YOURSECRETKEYGOESHERE

Disclaimer: I'm the creator, and didn't find the config.json file approach useful in production environments. I prefer getting configuration from my environment variables.

A: I use a config.js file like this:

var config = {}
config.web = {};
config.debug = {};

config.server_name =  'MyServerName';
config.web.port = process.env.WEB_PORT || 32768;

config.debug.verbositylevel = 3;

module.exports = config;

then i can just call config variables like this:
var port = config.web.port;

I find it much easier to maintain like this. Hope that helps you.

A: 6 years later and the answer should have been: Use Nconf. it's awesome.
//
// yourrepo/src/options.js
//
const nconf = require('nconf');

// the order is important
// from top to bottom, a value is
// only stored if it isn't found
// in the preceding store.

// env values win all the time
// but only if the are prefixed with our appname ;)

nconf.env({
  separator: '__',
  match: /^YOURAPPNAME__/,
  lowerCase: true,
  parseValues: true,
  transform(obj) {
    obj.key.replace(/^YOURAPPNAME__/, '');
    return obj;
  },
});

// if it's not in env but it's here in argv, then it wins
// note this is just passed through to [yargs](https://github.com/yargs/yargs)
nconf.argv({
  port: {
    type: 'number'
  },
})

// if you have a file somewhere up the tree called .yourappnamerc
// and it has the json key of port... then it wins over the default below.
nconf.file({
  file: '.yourappnamerc'
  search: true
})

// still not found, then we use the default.
nconf.defaults({
  port: 3000
})

module.exports = nconf.get();

then in any other file
const options = require('./options');

console.log(`PORT: ${options.port}`);

now you can run your project like :
$ yarn start
# prints PORT: 3000

$ YOURAPPNAME__PORT=1337 yarn start
# prints PORT: 1337

$ yarn start --port=8000
# prints PORT: 8000

$ echo '{ "port": 10000 }' > .yourappnamerc
$ yarn start
# prints PORT: 10000

and if you forget what options you have
$ yarn start --help
# prints out all the options

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Why do People Risk Their Lives to Cross the Mediterranean?
The European Union (EU) is facing unprecedented numbers of refugees and migrants arriving by boat. In 2014, 220,000 people arrived, almost double the combined total of 121,000 from 2011 through 2013. During just the first six…
Letter to the UK Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration on Flawed UK Country Information and Guidance Reports on Eritrea
July 2, 2015 David Bolt Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration 5th Floor, Globe House 89 Eccleston Square, London, SW1V 1PN E-mail: stuart.harwood@icinspector.gsi.gov.uk …
EU Ten-point Plan Not Adequate Response to Deaths at Sea
Dear European Union Heads of State and Government, Human Rights Watch welcomes your decision to hold an extraordinary Council Summit to address the crisis in the Mediterranean Sea. At least 1,600 migrants and asylum seekers have died attempting…
April 8, 2014 News
Joint NGO Letter to the UK Foreign Secretary Calling for a Judicial Inquiry into UK Complicity in Overseas Torture
The Rt Hon William Hague MP Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Foreign and Commonwealth Office King Charles Street London SW1A 2AH Sir Jeremy Heywood Cabinet Secretary Cabinet Office 70 Whitehall London SW1A 2AS 25 March…
Letter to British Foreign Secretary Miliband on Diplomatic Assurances with Ethiopia
Rt Hon David Miliband MP Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Foreign and Commonwealth Office Dear Foreign Secretary, I am writing to express Human Rights Watch's deep concern at the potential consequences of the Memorandum of…
Letter to UK Government on the Implementation of UN Human Rights Recommendations on Counterterrorism Policies
Rt Hon Jacqui Smith MP Secretary of State for the Home Department Home Office 2 Marsham Street London SW1P 4DF United Kingdom Rt Hon David Miliband MP Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Foreign and Commonwealth…
UK: Empty promises can't protect people from torture
Joint letter to Tony Blair from Human Rights Watch and Liberty
Human Rights Watch and Liberty are deeply concerned about the British government's stated intention to seek diplomatic assurances against torture in order to deport terrorism suspects to their home countries or to third countries where they would be at…
Q&A: UK Considers Legality of Indefinite Detention
1. What are the judges in the House of Lords being asked to decide? A special nine-judge panel of the House of Lords Judicial Committee will convene on October 4 to consider the lawfulness of government powers that allow foreign…
Letter to Prime Minister Tony Blair
British Territory Must Not Be Used for Torture
Dear Prime Minister: We write to urge you to take steps to ensure that torture does not take place on British soil, including the islands that are part of British Indian Ocean Territory. According to press reports in the United States, U.S. forces are…


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Dog measures 14mm from nose to tail.


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Categories: Spark Accessories, Spark Bindings. Tags: spark, splitboard, splitboarding, US made.
Oversize aluminum center disc overlaps binding channels for maximum strength and rigidity.
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Works with all Tesla and Tesla T1, as well as Blaze & Burner bindings.


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text:
IOM and Government to strengthen collaboration
officials meet with Min. Harmon
DPI, Guyana, Wednesday, June 13, 2018
Representatives of the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) today met with Minister of State, Joseph Harmon in an effort to strengthen collaboration with the Government in areas of mutual interest.
Minister of State, Joseph Harmon meets with IOM's Regional Coordination Officer for the Caribbean, Robert Natiello (right) and National Project Coordinator for the Caribbean, Eraina Yaw (left).
Regional Coordination Officer for the Caribbean and Chief of Mission of Guyana, Robert Natiello and National Project Coordinator for the Caribbean, Eraina Yaw met with the State Minister.
Discussions also focused on how the IOM could better support the Government on migrant issues. Minister Harmon restated government's commitment to working with the organisation.
IOM, last September through funding, facilitated discussions towards Guyana finalising diaspora policy. It also financed consultations in the diaspora, the results of which were used to develop the initial draft diaspora policy.
The IOM is an intergovernmental organisation that provides services and advice concerning migration to governments and migrants, including internally displaced persons, refugees, and migrant workers.
By: Stacy Carmichael.
Image: Jameel Mohamed.
CATEGORIES GovernmentMinistry of the PresidencyNews Bulletin
TAGS 2018DPI | Department of Public InformationgovernmentInternational Organisation for MigrationIOMmigrationMinister of StateMinistry of CitizenshipMinistry of Foreign AffairsMinistry of the PresidencyMOTP


The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has placed a clinical hold on a phase III clinical trial for REG1due to reports of serious adverse events.
On July 9, 2014, Regado Biosciences announced that the FDA had put a clinical hold on their REG1 phase III clinical trial.
REG1, also known as Revolixys Kit, is a two drug anticoagulant system, that is currently in a suspended phase III trial, called REGULATE-PCI.
According to clinicaltrials.gov, the REG1 phase III study, NCT01848106, started in September 2013 and wanted to recruit 13,200 participants. The FDA clinical hold means that no new participants may be recruited and given REG1 and current participants are prohibited from being given further doses of REG1, until the FDA has decided it is safe to continue the trial.
According to Medscape, the REG1 study was halted by the Data Safety Monitoring Board because of reports of serious adverse events, related to allergic reactions. Forbes reports that 3,234 people had already been enrolled in the REG1 trial.
During the phase 2b trial for REG1, allergic reactions caused participant enrollment in one study arm to be halted. According to the European Heart Journal, the reactions were serious and one participant developed tachycardia and had to be cardioverted back to a normal heart rhythm. No further participants were recruited for this study arm.
REG1 has been tested in six clinical trials, the last two trials have been halted or partially halted, at medical centers around the country.


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Neta is highlighting different artists across South Texas. Our featured artist for April was local visual and community engaged artist Nansi Guevara. She was born in Laredo, Texas, and now resides in Brownsville, Texas, where she is a working artist and is part of the artist collective Las Imaginistas. Her work is at the core of using her border and rasquache sensibilities to create decolonial public artwork alongside communities. Below is a statement from the artist.
"Almost two years ago, I had the honor of coming back to the border. My identity as a fronteriza has always been important to me and took my border sensibilities and knowledge everywhere that I went. Living and working in the Rio Grande Valley feels very special and necessary right now. With a heightened national anti immigrant rhetoric and policy, I need to be with my Mexican border community. I need to feel the nurture of my culture and be in collective resistance through my work and through working with the amazing grassroots leadership here. I see a strong queer and woman led progressive movement here and it will keep growing.
"In my work I have been inspired by political and revolutionary poster art from all over the world. I'm drawn to the power of graphic language to evoke action and a collective call for justice. As I was forming my identity outside of Laredo, making these images and posters where important for me to feel grounding and a sense of dignity and pride in spaces that often didn't celebrate or honor my culture.
"In my work now, I combine and layer fabric and lace with printmaking. The fabric I use is often fabric found in homes here and in Mexico, lace and embroidered fabric used to decorate and arrange alters. At home, our communities pray for their families, think of their loved ones who can't cross the border to be with them, love and sustain each other, and resist.
"In my fabric work, I try to express the pain of seeing beauty get detained, aspiration being deported, and talent be granted a temporary stay. It is also very important for me to show the power in our community and that injustice will always be met with resistance.
To view more of Guevara's art visit her Instagram here or check out Las Imaginistas on Facebook.
Be sure to keep an eye out for May's featured artist!


We are a K4 to Grade 8 school located in Destruction Bay, on the shores of Kluane Lake. We may be small but we don't let that stop us from exploring big ideas. We are committed to integrating land based learning, Southern Tutchone language and community exploration into our classrooms and school.


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Justia Lawyer Directory Search for "Brian C Shapiro"
Search for "Brian C Shapiro"
Brian Shapiro
Las Vegas, NV Attorney with 25 years experience
Brian Charles Shapiro
Santa Fe Springs, CA Attorney with 23 years experience
(562) 868-5886	12631 Imperial Hwy
Whittier Coll School of Law
Brian D. Shapiro
San Bernardino, CA Lawyer
(909) 890-1000	893 East Brier Drive
Stuart Brian Shapiro
Buffalo, NY Lawyer with 37 years experience
(716) 881-3010	Buffalo, NY 14213
Jeffrey Brian Shapiro
Miami, FL Lawyer with 35 years experience
Business, IP and Medical Malpractice
Jay Brian Shapiro
San Rafael, CA Lawyer with 17 years experience
(415) 491-2310	4340 Redwood Hwy Ste E-352
David Brian Shapiro
Los Angeles, CA Lawyer with 38 years experience
(213) 250-1800	633 W 5th St Ste 4000
(305) 374-3330	FL
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII PlatinumBlawgsearchSocial Media
Darren M. Shapiro
10.0 (1 Peer Review)
(516) 333-6555	99 Jericho Turnpike
#300-G
Free ConsultationJericho, NY Lawyer with 21 years experience
Divorce Mediator, Mediation Review Attorney, Matrimonial Attorney, Negotiator, and Litigator that offers Effective and reasonable solutions for matrimonial and family law issues
Call Darren today at (516) 333-6555
I was admitted to practice law in the Courts of the State of New York in 1999. In 2000 I was admitted to practice in the United States District Courts for the Southern and Eastern Districts of New York. After working as an associate for local law firms, in 2005 I opened my own practice. The focus of my practice is matrimonial, family law, and mediation. Life is short, mediate your divorce, if...
David P. Shapiro
San Diego, CA Lawyer with 12 years experience
(619) 295-3555	3500 5th Ave, #304
Criminal, DUI & DWI, Domestic Violence and White Collar Crime
Tulane University School of Law, University of San Diego School of Law and University of Toronto
Arrested for a crime he, admittedly, did commit in 2004, David P. Shapiro experienced firsthand the same fear, uncertainty, and concern for his future and freedom so many of his clients undergo when arrested or under investigation for allegedly committing a crime. That experience motivates him each and every day to provide the best representation possible to any and all who entrust his Firm to handle their criminal defense matter in their time of need.
David has dedicated his career to helping good people get through bad situations and regain control of their future when charged with a crime....
Richard Neal Shapiro Esq
Virginia Beach, VA Lawyer with 35 years experience
(800) 752-0042	1294 Diamond Springs Road
Free ConsultationAsbestos, Medical Malpractice, Personal Injury and Products Liability
George Mason University School of Law
Richard Neal Shapiro takes great pride in his work as a trial attorney. He has dedicated his career to standing up for the "little guy" against big corporations, insurance companies, and government entities that attempt to use their vast resources and trove of defense lawyers to deny or fight legitimate claims. Rick is a strong believer in the U.S. jury system and believes it is a bedrock principle for a group of citizens to decide civil actions.
Rick's passion for the law has led him to tremendous success and a reputation for being a trailblazer in the field of tort...
Marc L. Shapiro
Naples, FL Attorney with 27 years experience
(239) 649-8050	720 Goodlette Rd. N., Ste. #304
Free ConsultationEstate Planning, Foreclosure Defense, Personal Injury and Real Estate
Marc L. Shapiro is the founder of The Law Offices of Marc L. Shapiro, P.A. With 27 years of experience, Marc L. Shapiro P.A. has served SWFL with integrity, passion, and a commitment to his clients. Have you been injured in a car accident? Trust the Law Offices of Marc L. Shapiro to represent you and your family. Marc L. Shapiro is a Personal Injury Attorney that cares about representing his community and clients with integrity.
Marc practices primarily in the areas of Plaintiff's personal injury and wrongful death cases, complex commercial real estate litigation, title insurance disputes, foreclosure defense,...
Todd Donald Shapiro
Plano, TX Attorney with 19 years experience
(972) 423-0033	701 East 15th St Suite 204
Free ConsultationCriminal, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Family
Todd Shapiro is a Criminal Defense attorney located in Plano TX. He is a partner at The Shapiro Law Firm, where he practices with his father, Howard Shapiro. The firm focuses on all matters pertaining to family law and criminal law. The Shapiro Law Firm has been a fixture in DFW for over 40 years.
Kerry Shapiro
San Francisco, CA Attorney with 32 years experience
(415) 984-9612	2 Embarcadero Center
Administrative and Business
University of California Hastings College of the Law
Justin B. Shapiro
Miami, FL Lawyer
(800) 836-6400	2350 S Dixie Hwy
Free ConsultationMaritime, Medical Malpractice, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Philadelphia, PA Lawyer
(215) 545-4830	600 Chestnut Street, Suite 1050
6th & Chestnut Streets
Arbitration & Mediation, Business, Communications and Health Care
Rutgers University School of Law
Claimed Lawyer ProfileLII Bronze
Paul M. Shapiro
New Haven, CT Lawyer
(203) 691-8762	195 Church Street
Bankruptcy, Business and Real Estate
David A. Shapiro
(310) 853-1554	5757 Wilshire Blvd
Penthouse 3
Free ConsultationEstate Planning and Probate
The Law Offices of David A. Shapiro, P.C. in Los Angeles offers clients of all walks of life professional representation and guidance for trust litigation. When a trust is caught up in a dispute, either due to how the trust is being interpreted or the behaviors of the trustee, the matter can unravel quickly into a heated legal contest with significant assets at stake. Attorney Shapiro and his legal team react and act with genuine urgency to do what is best for their clients. The law firm can handle probate litigation cases involving a failure to file tax returns, improper...
M. David Shapiro
Sarasota, FL Lawyer with 35 years experience
(941) 954-4000	308 Cocoanut Ave
Free ConsultationPersonal Injury
Attorney M. David Shapiro is an AV-rated civil trial lawyer, the highest rating awarded to litigation attorneys. He is also board certified by the Florida Bar. Shapiro is an experienced trial lawyer who has earned the respect of his peers in the legal community. He has successfully litigated civil rights cases involving access to courts and rights under the Rehabilitation Act to the United States Supreme Court. He is admitted to practice in all of the Florida State Courts, the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida and the United States Court of Appeal for the Eleventh...
Laura Shapiro
Denver, CO Lawyer with 42 years experience
(303) 695-0200	8751 E. Hampden Ave. Suite B-5
Divorce and Family
Since starting my own firm in 1991, I have committed myself to helping my clients and their families resolve their problems in as positive a way as possible. I provide quality results-oriented legal services for those dealing with a divorce, child custody, child support, need a prenuptial agreement, mediation services or any other family law related issues. My team and I will develop a customized legal strategy that addresses you and your family's needs and resolves your legal matter in an efficient and timely manner. To schedule a consultation with me call 303-695-0200 or go to...
Matthew C. Shapiro
Daytona Beach, FL Lawyer with 8 years experience
(386) 257-1222	222 Seabreeze Blvd
Elder, Estate Planning, Landlord Tenant and Probate
Florida International University College of Law
A native of Ormond Beach, Mr. Shapiro is a proud graduate of Seabreeze High School. Mr. Shapiro received his Juris Doctor, cum laude, from Florida International University where he finished ranked in the top ten in his class. As a law student, he was an associate member of his school's law review and had the honor of having his comment selected for publication. He also served as a teaching assistant for his law school's legal research and writing program; was an intern at the Fifth District Court of Appeal; and was the recipient of book awards in Legal Research and...
Jonathan Shapiro
Fairfax, VA Attorney
(703) 352-0100	3955 Chain Bridge Rd
Criminal, DUI & DWI, Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury
Jonathan Shapiro is a partner attorney at Greenspun Shapiro PC in Fairfax, Virginia. He is also a law professor at Washington and Lee University School of Law. Jonathan has practiced criminal defense for over 44 years.
Scottsdale, AZ Attorney with 9 years experience
(480) 300-5405	5725 N. Scottsdale Road, #160
Personal Injury and Products Liability
Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Arizona State University
A native of Scottsdale, Shapiro attended The University of Arizona, graduated cum laude, and obtained a minor certificate in entrepreneurship at The University of Arizona's renowned McGuire Center for Entrepreneurship. He then attended Arizona State University Sandra Day O'Connor School of Law from 2007-2010. Shapiro was destined to be a civil litigator. Even during law school, Shapiro tried (and won) multiple jury trials. He also clerked for several Superior Court judges assigned to the civil bench. Upon graduating law school and passing the bar, Shapiro worked for a prominent personal injury trial attorney before opening his own firm in 2017.
Mona Shapiro
Mount Kisco, NY Attorney with 46 years experience
(914) 666-8033	118 North Bedford Road
Business and Real Estate
Mona Shapiro is a managing partner at Shapiro Gettinger & Waldinger, LLP. From their office in Westchester County, she handles complex business and real estate litigation cases.
David Philip Shapiro
Bethesda, MD Attorney with 22 years experience
(301) 656-7603	4800 Hampden Ln
Business, Employment and Health Care
David Shapiro is the Chair of Paley Rothman's Health Law practice group, and a member of the firm's Corporate, Science & Technology, Employment Law and Government Contracts practice groups. David has an extensive background representing business entities, healthcare providers, surgical centers, professional service vendors and entrepreneurs in a broad range of general business, commercial, regulatory and complex transactional matters, including early-stage business planning, business management and operations, equity and asset transfers, inter- and intra-business contract relationships, mergers and acquisitions and collaborative and adversarial business owner and proxy dispute resolutions.
David's business practice focuses on full life-cycle representation for emerging and established...
Jacob Shapiro
Burlingame, CA Lawyer with 24 years experience
(650) 274-0180	851 Burlway Rd #500
Jacob Shapiro grew up with a disabled father and attributes his interest in helping injured people to his upbringing. After graduating as a valedictorian from Cupertino High School, Mr. Shapiro attended UC Berkeley where he was a Regent Scholar, Alumni Scholar and finished with High Honors majoring in Political Science. He went on to graduate summa cum laude from Santa Clara Law School obtaining American Jurisprudence Awards for being at the top of his class in Torts, the field in which he practices exclusively, and Business Organizations. Mr. Shapiro was also the Best Oral Advocate in...
Richard Shapiro
Marlton, NJ Lawyer with 37 years experience
(856) 983-9500	8000 Sagemore Drive
Business, Construction, Divorce and Real Estate
Rutgers School of Law-Camden
How We Can Help You... We pride ourselves in our ability to place our clients in the most advantageous position possible through careful legal planning. By offering sound legal advice based upon our years of experience, we look to prevent legal problems for our clients before they occur. And we solve our clients' problems when they do occur through aggressive, modern and professional litigation techniques. Whether business or personal, litigation or non-litigation, our clients trust that we bring the skill and experience to successfully allow them to accomplish their goals. At a time in history when the legal system seems to...
Seth Mark Shapiro
St. Petersburg, FL Attorney
(877) 353-8408	111 2nd Avenue NE
Criminal, DUI & DWI, Domestic Violence and Juvenile
Stetson University College of Law
Seth Shapiro is a partner of Morris Law Firm, P.A. Mr. Shapiro represents clients throughout the Tampa Bay area who have felony or misdemeanor criminal offenses. Mr. Shapiro concentrates part of his practice on Domestic Violence cases, Drug Possession cases, and Theft crimes. Mr. Shapiro also handles sealing and expungement of criminal cases and traffic offenses for clients in the Tampa Bay area.
Mr. Shapiro also focuses a portion of his practice on white collar cases. Mr. Shapiro's combination of a solid legal foundation with extensive business experience allows him to address complex white collar criminal...
Daniel Shapiro
Boston, MA Attorney with 43 years experience
Free ConsultationNew England Law | Boston
Attorney Shapiro has represented hundreds of federal employees across the country, from letter carriers to border patrol agents, in claims before Office of Worker Compensation Program of the United States Department of Labor (OWCP), the Branch of Hearings and Review and the Employees Compensation Appeals Board in Washington, D.C.
Dan is a frequent lecturer on the Federal Employees Compensation Act (FECA) and practices before OWCP. He has addressed many local branches of federal employee unions and their individual members on their workers' compensation rights, and has been a guest speaker at many conventions and seminars. He is a former officer of...
Bruce I Shapiro
Henderson, NV Attorney
(702) 388-1851	8925 South Pecos Road, Suite 14 A
Criminal, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Family
Mr. Shapiro attended the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and received his Bachelor's degree in 1984 and his master's degree in 1986. He graduated from Whittier College School of Law in 1990, Magna Cum Laude. He has practiced in family law since 1990 and has served as a Domestic Violence Commissioner, pro tempore, URESA/Paternity Hearing Master, Alternate, Municipal Court Judge, Alternate, Judicial Referee, Las Vegas Justice Court, Small Claims. Mr. Shapiro has written several articles in the area of family law and has served on the Nevada Children's Justice Task Force, Clark County Family Court Bench-Bar Committee, State Bar of...
Queens, NY Attorney
(718) 523-1111	138-44 Queens Blvd #2
Queens, NY 11435
Criminal, Divorce, Elder and Estate Planning
My name is David Shapiro and I am a partner with Zelenitz, Shapiro & D'Agostino, P.C. I help New York City residents with numerous legal issues. If you need assistance with a legal matter, do not hesitate to call me at (718) 523-1111
Jacob Alan Shapiro
Chicago, IL Lawyer
(312) 391-7788	211 WEST WACKER DRIVE, SUITE 1500
William D. Shapiro
San Bernardino, CA Lawyer with 40 years experience
Insurance Claims, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Western State University College of Law
See : www.wshapiro.com
Milwaukee, WI Attorney with 36 years experience
(414) 271-8650	222 East Erie Street, Suite 210
I concentrate my practice in the area of family law. I have been practicing for over 30 years, 27 of them in Wisconsin. In addition to advocating for parties, I an appointed Guardian ad Litem for children in custody cases. I am also a trained mediator and am trained as a collaborative attorney. Each case is unique, requiring problem solving skills. I understand that a family law matter is the most personal and emotionally difficult situation for a client and strive always to be aware of this in my representation while at the same time acting as a true legal...
Richard J. Shapiro Esq.
Goshen, NY Lawyer with 31 years experience
(845) 291-0011	10 Matthews Street
Business, Elder and Estate Planning
As the only Certified Elder Law Attorney in the Mid-Hudson region, I am committed to providing the best estate planning and elder law services to our clients.
Effective estate, business and asset protection planning can only occur when the client truly understands their goals and objectives. Only then can we engage in a discovery process that can turn the client's hopes and dreams a reality. Our counseling-based approach is designed to make sure that the plan design is client driven, rather than attorney driven. Our maintenance plan helps ensure that the client's plan stays up-to-date though the many legal and life...
Jesse Sayre Shapiro
Sanford, NC Lawyer with 19 years experience
(919) 775-5653	1502 Woodland Ave
Eric Shapiro
Miami, FL Attorney
(800) 355-3425	9155 S Dadeland Blvd
Jeffrey Scott Shapiro
Boca Raton, FL Lawyer with 13 years experience
(561) 961-5400	5550 Glades Road
Ian Shapiro
New York, NY Lawyer
(212) 479-6441	The Grace Building
Business, Communications, IP and Securities
Susan Millican O'Brian
Redmond, WA Lawyer with 33 years experience
(425) 869-8067	7525 166th Ave. NE, Suite D230


LOS ANGELES (AP) - Oracle founder Larry Ellison has donated $200 million to the University of Southern California to fund a cancer research center, matching the largest single donation ever received by the school.
The Los Angeles Times reports the university announced Ellison's gift Wednesday. The money will fund the Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, which will be built off campus in west Los Angeles.
USC President C. L. Max Nikias says Ellison's donation and plans to invest in cancer research have been discussed for over a year.
The university's previous $200 million donation was from the chairman of a large steel fabricating company, David Dornsife, in 2011.


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Centre approves Rs 44,000-crore projects for Arunachal Pradesh
The total road length of these upcoming projects will be 2574 km. The detailed project reports (DPRs) of these projects are under progress, official sources said.
Itanagar: In a big push to boost infrastructure and strengthen border security in Arunachal Pradesh, the Centre has approved three major road projects, including the much-anticipated two-lane Frontier Highway, worth around Rs 44,000 crore for the frontier state.
This was announced by Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari during a press conference soon after holding a series of review meetings on national highway (NH) projects of Arunachal Pradesh and other North Eastern states at Guwahati on Friday.
The projects include two-lane Frontier Highway (1465 km) with an estimated cost of Rs 27,349 crore, two-lane inter-connectivity corridor of 1,048 km worth Rs 15,720 crore and two-lane Brahmakund (Parshuram Kund) to Chowkham road (61 km) worth Rs 915 crore.
The 2-lane Frontier Highway, to be built by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), will pass through the districts of East Kameng, West Kameng, Upper Subansiri, Upper Siang, Dibang Valley, Lohit, Anjaw and Changlang. Once completed, it would help safeguard the country's borders with China and Myanmar, and control migration from border areas, besides improving tourism infrastructure.
MoRTH will also execute the 2-laning of Inter-connectivity corridors which will pass through districts of Pakke Kessang, East Kameng, Longding, Changlang, Upper Siang, Upper Subansiri, Tawang, East and West Siang, thereby bridging the gaps between NH-52 in Assam, Trans Arunachal and Frontier Highway.
Besides being a strategic road for defence purpose, the proposed 2-laning of Brahmakund-Chowkham road, to be executed by the National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation (NHIDCL), will improve connectivity with tourist places like Parshuram Kund and Lohit valley.
Meanwhile, Arunachal Pradesh Chief Minister Pema Khandu extended gratitude to Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Union Road Transport and Highways Minister Nitin Gadkari for approving the projects worth Rs 44000 crore for Arunachal.
He said this will provide a robust network of roads in the State which will usher unprecedented economic prosperity.
At the sidelines of the review meeting, a memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed between Arunachal Pradesh and NHML to develop four ropeways in the State.
"A big jump towards ensuring ease of connectivity through quality mobility solutions! An MoU was inked between Arunachal Pradesh and NHML in the presence of Hon'ble Minister @MORTHIndia Shri @nitin_gadkari ji to develop ropeways in the state," Khandu tweeted.
Meghalaya CM awards Land Patra to 100 tribal households in Garo Hills
Cleiton's lone goal ends East Bengal's losing streak
Arunachal Pradesh NEA News Service - January 29, 2023
NE's rich, diverse culture has to be preserved: Arunachal Dy CM
Arunachal: Students taken for 'Seema Darshan' near LAC
Arunachal: Protest rally held in Itanagar to press for delimitation exercise