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Q: App Downloading at a Different Size than App Store says I have a problem with my Facebook app where the App Store says it's supposed to be 59.6 MB but when it downloads (and I haven't open it yet), it's 167 MB.
Ironically, I wrote a blog post about how apps like Facebook and Messenger cache images and posts, which takes up space, and can only be stopped (without jailbreaking) by deleting and reinstalling the app. This is because when you delete the app, it also deletes 'Documents and Data' (including cached data).
I conclude that for whatever reason, the cached data is not being deleted, but I could be wrong.
Does anybody know how to fix this?

A: For some time now, iOS automatically clears app caches when your iPhone storage approaches full.

For this reason, there is little need to interfere by cleaning the caches manually. However, if you still want to clear the caches yourself, there are apps on the App Store that offer this functionality. 'Battery Doctor' (free) is one example - it offers many maintenance tools, including the option to delete 'junk data' from your phone

A: Apps are compressed when you download them. When you have downloaded them, they are uncompressed on your phone.
Therefore you'll see that the App Store states a smaller size, which is the size you have to download - and the phone states a different, larger size, which is the space it takes up on the disk inside the phone.
See for example:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ipa_(file_extension)
It states clearly that apps are delivered as .ipa files from the App Store, and that such a file is compressed (zipped).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Should you be having problems with a faulty boiler in West London, there's no need to look any further in your search for a trustworthy local boiler repair company – JustBoilers.com are the perfect solution. As certified and fully qualified Corgi Gas Engineers, you can depend on our West London team to fix your broken boiler in a timely manner to get your central heating system repaired and back in service in no time at all.
We cover areas such as, Westminster, Kensington and Chelsea, Hammersmith and Fulham, and Ealing.
If we think that your boiler is no longer economical to repair and it is an old boiler for example, then we will provide you with a free quote to install a new efficient boiler. We have very competitive boiler installation prices, and you will get the best engineer in West London installing your boiler with a remarkably low boiler install cost.
If it is an emergency boiler repair or an urgent boiler breakdown in West London then please don't hesitate to call us straight away for our honest advice.
The architect of the Oxo Tower, forbidden from including an electrified advertising hoarding in the building, instead incorporated the company's name in the windows on all four sides.


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3:00 pm EDT, March 12, 2018
20 'Jessica Jones' season 2 Easter eggs and references you might have missed
Jessica Jones' second season has finally hit our screens and, as usual, was filled to the brim with Easter eggs and references connecting it to the wider MCU and Marvel comics. Here are 20 you might have missed.
The Marvel Netflix shows always have tons of references and Easter eggs to dig up, no matter whether you're a die-hard comics fan or just follow the MCU. Though Jessica Jones is a little lighter on the references than her Netflix brethren, we still found plenty tying the show into the wider Marvel mythology.
Here are 20 Easter eggs and reference we found while watching Jessica Jones season 2. If you spotted any that we missed, hit up the comments and let us know.
Warning: There are spoilers for Jessica Jones season 2 throughout.
One of Jessica's potential clients extols her conspiracy theory that lizard people have infiltrated the government. But is it really a conspiracy? With the Skrulls set to make their debut in Captain Marvel, this could be the first nod at their existence in the MCU.
Robert Coleman – a.k.a. The Whizzer – is straight from the pages of the Marvel Comics. The speedster made his first appearance as Robert Frank in USA Comics #1 in 1941.
Whizzer's mongoose, Emil, is also a nod to his origins. In the comics, Robert is bitten by a cobra in Africa. Robert's father – Emil – saves his life by giving him a transfusion using mongoose blood. That transfusion results in The Whizzer's super-speed.
Jessica discovers a video of Whizzer while investigating his death. In it, he says a more ominous variation of the now-infamous Spider-Man line: "With great power comes great mental illness."
That wasn't the only cheeky Spider-Man reference. When Trish's boyfriend, Griffin, experiences a tingling in his balls, which gives him a hunch that Trish might be in trouble, Jessica refers to it as his "scrotey-sense."
The movie that Trish and Jessica are watching on the roof is The Killers from 1946. It follows the unravelling investigation surrounding a murdered former-boxer, who got mixed up with a criminal gang. Though not exactly like Matt Murdock's father's demise, it is likely a subtle nod back to it.
Trish attempts to help Jessica unlock some of her missing memories by bringing in a hypnotherapist called Dr. Tiboldt. Marvel Comic fans will immediately recognize the name. Maynard Tiboldt was better known as The Ringmaster. He hypnotized onlookers as his 'Circus of Crime' undertook their illegal deeds, to ensure that they wouldn't get caught.
There was a Patsy Walker logo which made an appearance on a poster in the background of one scene. This logo and poster resembles the style used when Patsy's story was still a light-hearted, Archie-esque, teen-romance comic.
Vido – the son of Jessica's new super and love-interest, Oscar Arocho – makes some prophetic predictions regarding Captain America's shield. Season 2 is set before Civil War, so Cap has yet to 'lose' his shield in the MCU timeline, as Vido's action figure has. Vido gives his Captain America a new shield (as he will also have in Infinity War), and makes a Tony Stark-like upgrade to it as well… with magnets.
Speaking of Oscar Arocho, his artwork is a direct nod to the original covers of the Alias comics, as created by David Mack.
When Trish makes the cover of a gossip magazine, one of the other stories features her comic book frenemy, Hedy Wolfe.
Like her television counterpart, Alisa Jones is also alive in the comics. But the characters couldn't be more different. Alisa Jones, in the comics, was instead Jessica's adoptive mother, not biological. Mrs. Cambell, Jessica's biological mother, died in the crash that killed the rest of her family. Neither have powers.
Dr. Karl Malus also makes an appearance in the Marvel Comics. He is very much the stereotypical mad scientist on the page, rather than the conflicting portrayal he received on screen. In recent comics, he was eaten alive by Carnage and survived, becoming a symbiote hybrid.
Trish and Jessica 'return' to the roof to watch another movie. This time, it's the 1958 classic Touch of Evil. It is most notably famous for its three-minute opening, which was one long take – the scene being showing in Jessica Jones. Something that the Netflix Marvel shows are also famous for.
The Raft, a prison for super-powered individuals, got a mention here as well. The prison was first introduced in Civil War.
Foggy Nelson, who was head-hunted by Jeri Hogarth, made a brief appearance. He clashed with Jeri over her firm's attempts to buy her out due to her diagnosis of ALS. With Jeri splitting to go it alone with her own company, it is uncertain whether she took Foggy with her, but he is one of her few remaining allies.
Stan Lee, of course, made his expected cameo. This time he was featured on a poster for 'Forbush and Associates.' Forbush, also known as Forbush Man, was a spoof superhero from the early days of Marvel.
When Alisa is being held in prison, she is placed on Cell Block D. The same block that both Wilson Fisk and Frank Castle were held in earlier Daredevil seasons.
Turk Barrett made his return. We last saw him in The Punisher, when Frank Castle confronted him. He has a knack for escaping – mostly – unscathed.
It has long been speculated that Trish would eventually become Hellcat, and that appears to have come true as of the end of Jessica Jones. After a near-death experience, following Malus unlocking her DNA with a feline distemper vaccine, Trish exhibits some superhuman reflexes. It seems oddly appropriate, too, that a feline vaccine unlocked her Hellcat powers.
Did you spot any 'Jessica Jones' Easter eggs or references that we missed?
9 beloved TV ships that failed their fandoms
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by Lelanie Seyffer
Why 'Wynonna Earp': Love, Language, and Lady Parts
by Shana O'Neil
'Supernatural's best Halloween episodes
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The best musicals on Netflix to make you forget the world is terrible
'A Third Wheel Adds Stability': Celebrating 10 years of Team Free Will on 'Supernatural'
Chief, Fighter, Dad: Hopper's best moments on 'Stranger Things'
by Tai Gooden

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Coronation Street's Tyrone Dobbs arrested for drink driving after being pulled by cops
Spoilers ahead: The garage worker now risks losing his children after Fiz told him she is going to embark on a custody battle amid hiring Adam Barlow as her lawyer
Mikie O'Loughlin
Fiz Brown and Tyrone Dobbs' relationship is only continuing to sour on Coronation Street this week.
Tyrone's girlfriend, Alina Pop, gave their daughter Hope a makeover, which included eyelash extensions, last night, but things are only going to get worse for the family.
Tyrone, played by actor Alan Halsall, will even get arrested as Fiz bans him from seeing the girls.
When Tyrone then gets a call from Hope's school asking him to collect her because she has been playing up, he asks Alina to step in.
Swipe across below to see the full gallery of images for yourself
See inside Coronation Street star Alan Halsall incredible Manchester mansion
Sensing that Alina can be easily manipulated in her favour, Hope runs out in front of a car to scare her after being collected.
Fiz is absolutely horrified and hits out at Alina for what she did. While Hope was in the wrong, she fully blames Alina for what happened.
Tyrone is later called out for a breakdown and he is stopped by policeman Craig Tinker on his way home.
Craig approaches Tyrone, smelling alcohol on him, and orders him to take a breathalyser test
But this just heightens Tyrone's paranoia over Fiz and incensed, he confronts her, accusing her of trying to have him arrested in a bid to bolster her chances of custody.
Evelyn, Tyrone's grandmother, steps in and warns Fiz that there are no winners in a custody battle.
But will Fiz listen to her and back down?
Tyrone and Fiz on Coronation Street
Speaking about the storyline and the accident with Alina and Hope, actress Jennie McAlpine, who plays Fiz, said: "It's the final straw for Fiz, it proves that Alina is irresponsible, she's just a kid herself and she's not fit to look after her children.
"From that point she announces 'I don't want that woman anywhere near my kids'. It does come from a place of hurt, of being angry and humiliated but it's the straw that broke the camel's back."
Jennie said that Fiz is so angry and that is why she needs to take action.
She said: "There's a lot of anger there at the moment, I don't know if she really wants to go down that route. But she's so angry at the situation, she's hurt by being on her own and she's decided they're not responsible enough as a couple to care for the kids so it should be her sole responsibility.
"However deep down I don't think she really wants that to happen."
Coronation Street airs on Virgin Media One and ITV.
Ian Bartholomew shares sons heartbreak at seeing him playing Geoff
Corrie's Sally Carman speaks out about Tim Metcalfe having an affair


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Blog: The Fine Print
Wildfires to Cost U.S. Forest Service More Under Sequestration
by Jessica Schieder, 6/17/2013
Citizen Health & Safety, Revenue & Spending, Sequestration, U.S. Forest Service
A 16,000 acre wildfire blazing in the Black Forest of Colorado has burned more than 485 homes and taken two lives, but the efforts of firefighters may be hindered by budget disagreements in Washington.
"Deputies say it looks like a nuclear bomb went off in some of those areas," El Paso County Sheriff Terry Maketa said. The Colorado Army National Guard has been brought in to assist in the efforts of hundreds of firefighters, as well as three UH-60 Black Hawks, which have doused the flames with more than 30,000 gallons of water so far.
At the beginning of another "potentially severe fire season," budget cuts caused by sequestration are spurring concerns that the U.S. Forest Service is understaffed and underequipped to fulfill its mission. The Forest Service is currently operating with "500 fewer firefighters, 50-70 fewer fire engines, and 2 fewer aircraft" as a result of budget cuts.
Sequestration-induced budget cuts could wind up costing the Forest Service more to fight fires, explained U.S. Forest Chief Tom Tidwell when testifying before Congress in April. Because full-time positions are being cut, the Forest Service will be forced to depend more heavily on temporary contracts, which are "one-and-a-half to two times" as expensive.
Even before sequestration was implemented, funding for firefighting was tight. Last year, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service ran out of money during "the worst wildfire season on record." The Forest Service was forced to take money from programs intended for forest fire prevention in order to fight active fires.
This year, agencies are already projecting a $700 million deficit in funding for wildfires during FY 2013, according to a House Appropriations report.
For more information about the impact of sequestration on various agencies, click here.
Show Posts by Topic
Jessica Schieder is a Policy Analyst for Revenue and Spending Policies at the Center for Effective Government. She specializes in research and advocacy pertaining to revenue and spending policies.
Full Author Bio | All Posts


ECONOMYNEXT – Governments can help local bodies grappling with the problems of rapid urbanisation by giving guarantees to raise funds required to make their cities more liveable, a forum in Sri Lanka on financing urbanization was told.
Financing really is the main challenge for most developing countries like Sri Lanka where governments have limited fiscal space to do major infrastructure projects, said Dushni Weerakoon, acting Executive Director of the Institute of Policy Studies.
Countries in the region need sustainable financing for infrastructure and urbanisation, she told the ADB–Asian Think Tank Development Forum 2017 in Colombo.
"The private sector has a role to play in investing in energy efficiency and ensuring transport systems are less polluting and in areas like waste management," Weerakoon told the forum on financing for sustainable urbanization in Asia and the Pacific.
"Governments can also step in and raise access to capital markets for urban bodies by providing guarantees," she said.
Local bodies can also capture the increase in land values generated through infrastructure development, Weerakoon told the forum organised by the Asian Development Bank in partnership with the IPS. There were opportunities to address issues of congestion and income disparities within and across cities through good urban planning, Weerakoon said.
"Today, good planning for urban development means creating sustainable cities that are environmentally-friendly and less resources consuming than in the past." Even Colombo is undergoing a rapid urbanisation process with high-rise apartments, mixed development projects and reclamation of land, Weerakoon said.
Many of these are under the government's flagship economic project, Western Region Megapolis project, covering the Colombo, Gampaha and Kalutara districts. But all of it comes at a financial cost, Weerakoon said, noting that the Megapolis project is estimated to cost around $40 billion over the next 15 years.
Emerging economies like India, Brazil and South Africa have floated municipal bonds to raise funds for investment, but mainly in larger cities. Most municipalities don't have the local tax base in their cities, the tax base being too narrow, and do not have internationally recognised credit ratings to access capital markets.
"So we have to find different ways to mobilise resources," Weerakoon said.


Home/ Baby Care/How to discipline a defiant child?
There are times when you would have found that your child would not listen to you no matter how gentle and engage your manner is. This would become a problem when you are trying to discipline your child. If he or she is being defiant and not caring about what you say, there are some things that you can do which would help you. By following these methods, you would be able to get back the control and ensure that your child does not behave inappropriately. Over a period of time, s/he would learn to listen to what you have to say and follow it.
Whenever your child is about to do something inappropriate, you need to distract him by making conversation with him or giving him his favorite toys to play with. You should make sure that you do it before he starts acting inappropriately. You would definitely be able to realize the scenarios in which your child would act inappropriately and so it falls upon you to ensure that you do not let it happen. Another thing that you need to remember is that when you are disciplining the child, it is important to look into his eyes severely. Only then it would be effective.
For example, if you try to discipline your child by shouting at him from across the room, it would not be effective. If your child is throwing any tantrums while you are disciplining him, you should walk away from him. Usually, you would find that parents try to soothe their children at this point. This should be avoided as it would only encourage your child to do so every time you try to discipline him. As long as the child cannot harm himself, you should not let that affect you. The child would then understand that throwing a tantrum would not help.
The discipline that you give your child should be in a logical way. For example, if you want to ensure that your child always turns off the television after he has finished watching, then you should ban him from watching any program for a complete day. Only then would the child understand that a certain action should or should not be done. You should also inculcate in your child that if he behaves inappropriately, he would be made to sit in a chair and face the wall and would not be allowed to do anything. This is a very effective method.


According to a Broadvox press release, Fusion Telecom (OTC:FSNN) signed an Asset Purchase Agreement to acquire the "Broadvox retail business services' assets and operations. Under the terms of this Agreement, Fusion will be integrating key staff, platforms and network employed in the current delivery of the Broadvox retail services into its NBS cloud communications division."
This transaction comes at a funny time, because at the show I was told that Broadvox's SIP trunking business was up for sale. Either Broadvox is selling itself off in pieces after churning through two sets of management (including Speakeasy) or the SIP business is staying and the retail stuff is going.
A weekend of labor by bankers and telecom execs resulted in two purchases. Verizon finally was able to rest full control of VZW out of Vodafone. However, it cost VZ $130 Billion to do that. Vodafone's 45% ownership of VZW was purchased "for $58.9 billion cash, $60.2 billion stock and $10 billion in other consideration," according to WSJ.
VZW and AT&T are in spectrum hording mode. Most of the postpaid crowd (contracts) buy smartphones and use tablets on family plans.
Well, it was quiet, but now M&A is heating up with the weather.
"Private equity firm GTCR has acquired NewWave Communications from Pamlico Capital." NewWave is a cable company in the Midwest with 90,000 subs.
Iotum acquired FreeConference.com when it bought the assets of GCP. Calliflower is a conferencing service owned by iotum.
iTalk acquired RocketVoIP. iTalk is know for its sleeve to turn an iPod Touch into a VoIP phone. RocketVoIP was an OTT (over-the-top) VoIP provider that offered unlimited international plans.
I was already calling it SoftSprint or SprintSoft when Softbank announced a deal to buy 70% of Sprint for $20.1 Billion. Now Charlie Ergen has decided to make an offer for the whole company at $25.5 Billion. DISH is sitting on $10 billion in cash - and some 4G spectrum. DISH made a case to purchase Clearwire, but Sprint rebuffed that offer - by buying Clearwire.


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US Residents Watch As Asteroid Hits Earth And Creates Bright Fireball Event
By Inigo Monzon
A fireball event was spotted over the U.S.
The incident was witnessed by residents from different states
The fireball was most likely caused by a small asteroid
Residents from various states in the U.S. spotted a bright fireball streaking across the night sky. Based on eyewitness reports, the fireball was most likely caused by a small asteroid colliding with Earth and burning up in the atmosphere.
According to the data gathered by the American Meteor Society, the incident occurred on March 25 at around 10:40 p.m. EDT. In total, the organization received seven eyewitness reports from different individuals.
As noted in the reports, the recent fireball event was spotted by residents from different states in the U.S. such as Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and New York. Many of them noted that the fireball appeared brightly in the sky.
A resident named Lee R. from Langhorne, Pennsylvania stated that the fireball appeared to have changed colors. Unfortunately, since it passed through clouds, he did not see the other colors of the cosmic object.
An eyewitness from Pennsylvania named Dan D. reported that he saw how the fireball changed colors. He believed this occurred when the object entered Earth's atmosphere.
"I've seen shooting stars and this was definitely not the same," he stated in his report. "It looked like one at first, but then it popped colors, mainly blue when it seemed to me to have entered the atmosphere (I have no experience here so cannot say, but it seemed to have hit some threshold which caused a illumination of color) and it was traveling away from me, north I believe and it just quickly faded away."
According to the International Meteor Organization (IMO), fireball events occur when an asteroid hits Earth, which then turns into a meteor. Due to the size and impact velocity of the cosmic object, it burns up in Earth's atmosphere and turns into a bright fireball.
The organization noted that asteroids or meters with a diameter larger than 1 millimeter are capable of causing fireballs. This piece of information coincides with the size of the object recently spotted by residents in the U.S. According to an eyewitness, the object appeared to be as big as a softball.
"As the size of these objects approach a millimeter, they begin to produce enough light to be seen upon entry to the upper atmosphere as ordinary meteors," the IMO stated. "Due to the velocity at which they strike the Earth's atmosphere, fragments larger than 1 millimeter have the capability to produce a bright flash as they streak through the heavens above."
Pictured: This image taken with a meteorite tracking device developed by George Varros, shows a meteorite as it enters Earth's atmosphere during the Leonid meteor shower November 19, 2002. Photo: Getty Images/George Varros and Dr. Peter Jenniskens/NASA
ESA Catches Fireball Event In Germany As Asteroid Hits Earth
Asteroid Hits Earth And Forms Bright Fireball Over Canada [WATCH]


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Electromagnetic Susceptibility Comparison of MEMS and Quartz-based Oscillators
Power supplies, power lines, lightning, computer equipment, and electronic components are all potential sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) that may affect the performance of electronic components. EMI can be conducted from one component to another via electrical pathways in a single system or be transmitted through airwaves. Devices that need to communicate via RF intentionally emit electromagnetic signals that can interfere with other equipment, but even devices that are not designed to emit electromagnetic signals may unintentionally contribute to EMI noise. FCC regulations limit allowed emissions from certain classes of devices, such as computing equipment and microwave ovens, but this does not guarantee that electronic components will not be damaged by EMI from consumer products. Nearly every electronic device or component is capable of generating EMI, and it is important to consider EMI exposure as part of circuit design because of the damage it can do to electronic components including timing devices.
Phase noise and phase jitter of oscillators may increase substantially in the presence of external sources of EMI. It is possible to reduce EMI reaching the oscillator through board-level shielding or filtering, but this approach is not always successful. By evaluating the electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS) of various oscillators, we can determine factors that contribute to EMS and understand how proper oscillator design can minimize detrimental effects of EMI on clock performance.
Testing Susceptibility to EMI
Since radiated EM noise adversely impacts the phase noise performance of oscillators [1] [2], the test methodology involved subjecting each device under test (DUT) to a fixed power of radiated EMI and measuring incremental phase noise spur power at the correlated offset frequency. Figure 1 shows the phase noise plots of a 26 MHz quartz oscillator when not exposed to EMI and when subjected to EMI noise at carrier frequency of 80 MHz. The phase noise spur at the 2 MHz offset of the oscillator output frequency can be derived from the aliased frequency formula shown below:
Falias = Femi – N*Fc …………………………….. Equation 1
Femi = Frequency of the injected EMI noise; Fc = oscillator nominal clock frequency; N is a positive integer > 1.
ILSI MMD used an accredited test lab to perform EMS tests according to the electromagnetic compatibility standard IEC 61000-4.3 [3] across several quartz and MEMS based oscillators. Both single- ended and differential-ended oscillators as listed in Table 1, were tested. The IEC 6100-4.3 standard specifies an induced electromagnetic field with strength of 3V/m at the DUT and a carrier frequency sweep from 80 MHz to 1 GHz in steps of 1%. The test is conducted in an anechoic chamber using the setup shown in Figure 2. The device under test is positioned so that it is aligned with the axis of the vertically polarized antenna, as shown in Figure 3.
The phase noise analyzer captures phase jitter and phase noise for each device under test. Under the influence of the induced EM field, the phase noise plot will show more pronounced spurious noise, or phase spurs, at a frequency aliased to that of the EM interference, as shown in Figure 4. High amplitude phase noise spurs, on the order of -50 dBc/Hz for a quartz oscillator shown in Figure 4, are concentrated at the aliased phase noise spur frequency corresponding to the frequency of the induced EMI noise. These spurs shift with changes in the EMI noise frequency, having an additive effect on the average power over the entire frequency scan range. The secondary noise spurs are of much lower amplitude and do not have as strong an effect on the overall phase noise.
In order to succinctly quantify EMS of each device, we compute the average power, P, of the noise spurs over the 80 MHz to 1 GHz range using Equation 2. In this equation, Sp is the magnitude of EMI-induced spurs for each electromagnetic noise frequency, and N is the number of frequencies in the scan.
We performed EMS tests on a variety of commercially available quartz and MEMS based oscillators operating at two different carrier frequencies (see Table 1).
Experimental Results
Data on average noise spurs show that the ILSI MMD differential MEMS oscillator outperforms competing differential MEMS and quartz based oscillators by up to 35 dB, equivalent to 54 times greater immunity to a radiated field as shown in Figure 5. The ILSI MMD single-ended oscillator outperforms its quartz-based counterparts by up to 12 dB, or 4 times more immunity to a radiated field as shown in Figure 6. This is because the amplitude of the primary noise spurs is lower for ILSI MMD MEMS oscillators than for quartz oscillators. The average spur power, calculated as the root of the sum of the squares according to Equation 2, is therefore much lower.
Oscillators Design to Reduce EMI Sensitivity
The results are not consistent with the idea that the metal can enclosures surrounding quartz oscillators provide improved protection from EMI as compared to plastic packaging. ILSI MMD MEMS oscillators are packaged in plastic, yet they exhibit a lower degree of EMI-induced noise spurs. Something besides packaging must explain the variation in EMS between MEMS-based and quartz-based oscillators. The answer may lie in either the resonator or its accompanying oscillator circuitry, both of which can be sensitive to EMI.
Quartz crystals are piezoelectric materials and accumulate electrical charge in response to mechanical vibration. Their operating frequency can therefore be affected by incoming electrical signals such as unwanted EMI, negatively impacting the reliability of the clock signal. ILSI MMD's silicon MEMS resonators exhibit mechanical vibration via electrostatic excitation and are therefore naturally less sensitive to incoming EMI. They are precisely tuned, with high Q values that reject external noise.
The driving circuitry behind ILSI MMD MEMS oscillators is an analog circuit (shown in Figure 7) that optimizes performance in electrically noisy conditions, including those with high levels of EMI. The oscillator design includes differential circuits that inherently reject any coupled common mode noise. Other quartz and MEMS oscillator designs rely more on packaging and not noise suppressing analog circuits, and hence do not have this advantage.
ILSI MMD MEMS oscillators are especially resilient to jitter-inducing external sources of EMI. This is true even for high frequency EMI noise in ranges where competitors' oscillators experience significant signal degradation. As per the results shown by ILSI MMD commissioned tests performed at an accredited third-party lab and other studies on EMI [1] [2], piezoelectric quartz devices are more susceptible to EMI. ILSI MMD oscillators are therefore an excellent choice for reliable operation in potentially noisy, unpredictable environments where large electromagnetic sources may be present.
New ILCX20 is Perfect for Wearables! Learn more about this exciting new technology!
IKA Series Automotive Grade Oscillators
ILSI America Hires National Sales Manager


Hathurusingha appointed NSW Assistant Coach | The International Cricket Hall of Fame.
Cricket NSW has appointed former Sri Lankan batsman Chandika Hathurusingha as the NSW Assistant Coach for the next two years.
Hathurusingha played 26 Test matches for Sri Lanka between 1991 and 1999, scoring 1274 runs at an average of 29.62, with a highest score of 83. He was also a handy right-arm medium pace bowler who took 17 Test wickets including the wickets of David Boon, Dean Jones, Mark Waugh and Allan Border in one session during the famous 1992 Test match in Colombo in which Sri Lanka collapsed to be all out for 164, chasing 181 to win.
Hathurusingha has devoted himself to coaching since his retirement from playing in 2005. He was Head Coach of the Sri Lanka A side between 2006 and 2009 before being appointed Assistant Coach of the national team under Trevor Bayliss between 2009 and 2010.
He will now work closely with RTA SpeedBlitz Blues Head Coach Anthony Stuart, in addition to looking after the NSW 2nd XI and Futures League teams.


Motorists using the Mai Mahiu - Naivasha Road in Naivasha have been advised to be cautious after the earth tremor that was experienced on Sunday night caused cracks on the busy road.
KeNHA Director General Engineer Peter Mundinia asked motorists using the road to exercise caution or use alternative routes.
Traffic commandant Samuel Kimaru warned that a bridge that that links a section of the road in the area has also developed cracks.
"Following the earth tremors experienced in several parts of the country, KeNHA advises that a fault has been cited along the Naivasha - Mai Mahiu Road, at Fay Amario, about 8km from Naivasha, Mai Mahiu bound," a statement from KeNHA said.
The authority said that they had deployed engineers on site to monitor any resultant damages to the road surface.
"Private vehicle operators are advised to use the main Kamandura - Limuru - Kinungi - Naivasha Highway, while heavy commercial vehicles operators are urged to exercise caution and restraint, and to follow traffic flow directions that are being provided by the Traffic Police Department," the statement added.
Road users in the region have been advised to heed to instructions until a clearance to use the bridge is issued.
On Sunday evening, a light earthquake hit several counties including Nairobi, Nyeri, Mombasa, Machakos, Makueni, Tharaka Nithi, Taita Taveta and Kiambu.
The earth tremors were experienced at about 7pm and lasted for several seconds.
The Kenya Meteorological Department confirmed the earthquake but said there is no cause for alarm.
In, March 2018, traffic on a section of the Mai Mahiu - Suswa road was disrupted after a volcanic fault line dipped sinking a section of the busy road.


We have currently 20 Ha. of vines planted. Whites and reds where we can find the autochthonous varieties, as well as international varieties that suit our terroir.
From pruning to harvest, there are always jobs to run in the vineyards.<br/>The process begins in December with the pruning and empa which lasts until February. Passing through fertilization, green pruning, phytosanitary treatments, irrigation, \"desladroamento,\" " weeding, etc. Ending in late September with the harvest.<bt/> All these works are carried out by a team full-time, using only external resources to organization in the period of the harvest.


Hi everyone, thanks for your patience.
We now have new desktop app for scrobbling iTunes 12.7+ on Windows versions 7 and up. You can download this here.
This is a lightweight scrobbler that lives in your system tray and scrobbles music played in iTunes and (optionally) Windows Media Player. It's designed to work as a standalone scrobbler, but you can keep the old scrobbler installed on your computer if you want. By default it starts when Windows starts, but you can change this behaviour by removing the shortcut from the Windows startup folder.
Please give it a try, and let us know if you encounter any issues.
View all 157 replies and continue this conversation.


text:
package accesslog

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/codegangsta/negroni"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
	"github.com/vanng822/r2router"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httptest"
	"testing"
)

func TestHandler(t *testing.T) {
	router := r2router.NewSeeforRouter()
	log := New()
	router.Before(log.Handler)

	router.Get("/user/keys/:id", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p r2router.Params) {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
		fmt.Fprint(w, http.StatusText(http.StatusInternalServerError))
	})

	ts := httptest.NewServer(router)
	defer ts.Close()

	// get
	res, err := http.Get(ts.URL + "/user/keys/testing")
	assert.Nil(t, err)
	content, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
	res.Body.Close()
	assert.Nil(t, err)
	assert.Equal(t, res.StatusCode, http.StatusInternalServerError)
	assert.Equal(t, string(content), "Internal Server Error")
}

func TestHandlerFuncWithNext(t *testing.T) {
	router := r2router.NewRouter()
	n := negroni.New()
	log := New()
	n.UseFunc(log.HandlerFuncWithNext)

	router.Get("/user/keys/:id", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p r2router.Params) {
		fmt.Fprint(w, p.Get("id"))
	})
	n.UseHandler(router)
	ts := httptest.NewServer(n)
	defer ts.Close()

	// get
	res, err := http.Get(ts.URL + "/user/keys/testing")
	assert.Nil(t, err)
	content, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
	res.Body.Close()
	assert.Nil(t, err)
	assert.Equal(t, res.StatusCode, http.StatusOK)
	assert.Contains(t, string(content), "testing")
}

type mylog struct {
	output string
}

func (m *mylog) Info(v string) {
	m.output = fmt.Sprint(v)
}

func TestLogOutput(t *testing.T) {
	router := r2router.NewSeeforRouter()
	log := New()
	m := &mylog{}
	log.Logger = m

	router.Before(log.Handler)

	router.Get("/user/keys/:id", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p r2router.Params) {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
		fmt.Fprint(w, http.StatusText(http.StatusInternalServerError))
	})

	ts := httptest.NewServer(router)
	defer ts.Close()

	// get
	res, err := http.Get(ts.URL + "/user/keys/testing")
	assert.Nil(t, err)
	content, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
	res.Body.Close()
	assert.Nil(t, err)
	assert.Equal(t, res.StatusCode, http.StatusInternalServerError)
	assert.Equal(t, string(content), "Internal Server Error")
	assert.Regexp(t, "127.0.0.1 - - \\[.+\\] \"GET /user/keys/testing HTTP/1.1\" 500 21 \"-\" \"Go [.\\d]+ package http", m.output)
}

func TestLoggerFuncOutput(t *testing.T) {
	router := r2router.NewSeeforRouter()
	log := New()
	var output string
	log.Logger = LoggerFunc(func(v string) {
		output = fmt.Sprint(v)
	})

	router.Before(log.Handler)

	router.Get("/user/keys/:id", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p r2router.Params) {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
		fmt.Fprint(w, http.StatusText(http.StatusInternalServerError))
	})

	ts := httptest.NewServer(router)
	defer ts.Close()

	// get
	res, err := http.Get(ts.URL + "/user/keys/testing")
	assert.Nil(t, err)
	content, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
	res.Body.Close()
	assert.Nil(t, err)
	assert.Equal(t, res.StatusCode, http.StatusInternalServerError)
	assert.Equal(t, string(content), "Internal Server Error")
	assert.Regexp(t, "127.0.0.1 - - \\[.+\\] \"GET /user/keys/testing HTTP/1.1\" 500 21 \"-\" \"Go [.\\d]+ package http", output)
}

// syslog func interface
func TestLoggerFuncSyslogOutput(t *testing.T) {
	router := r2router.NewSeeforRouter()
	log := New()
	var output string
	log.Logger = WrapSyslog(func(v string) (err error) {
		output = fmt.Sprint(v)
		return nil
	})

	router.Before(log.Handler)

	router.Get("/user/keys/:id", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p r2router.Params) {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
		fmt.Fprint(w, http.StatusText(http.StatusInternalServerError))
	})

	ts := httptest.NewServer(router)
	defer ts.Close()

	// get
	res, err := http.Get(ts.URL + "/user/keys/testing")
	assert.Nil(t, err)
	content, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
	res.Body.Close()
	assert.Nil(t, err)
	assert.Equal(t, res.StatusCode, http.StatusInternalServerError)
	assert.Equal(t, string(content), "Internal Server Error")
	assert.Regexp(t, "127.0.0.1 - - \\[.+\\] \"GET /user/keys/testing HTTP/1.1\" 500 21 \"-\" \"Go [.\\d]+ package http", output)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Distance from Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport to Mexico City International Airport is 782 miles / 1258 kilometers / 679 nautical miles.
Estimated flight time from Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport (SAL) to Mexico City International Airport (MEX) is 1 hour 58 minutes.
The time difference between San Salvador and Mexico City is 1 hour. Mexico City is 1 hour ahead of San Salvador.
Flight map from San Salvador to Mexico City.
San Salvador (SAL) → Mexico City (MEX).


The commissioners on Monday will nominate six new board members to the Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority, which operates Metro's bus service.
Hamilton County commissioners Monday stacked the deck in their fight to block a proposed tax levy aimed at helping the Greater Cincinnati bus system.
The three commissioners voted unanimously to name six new board members to the Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority (SORTA) who were hand-picked to oppose the levy, according to Commission President Todd Portune.
The new board members will assume their responsibilities as early as Tuesday at the next SORTA board meeting.A SORTA spokeswoman declined to comment on the appointment of the new board members.
The new board members are: Blake Ethridge of Cincinnati; Allen Freeman of New Richmond; Robert Harris of Cincinnati; Thaddeus Hoffmeister of Wyoming; Pete McLinden of Lebanon; and Kathleen Wyenandt of Liberty Township.
The previous SORTA board voted last year to place a county-wide sales tax levy - which could range anywhere from .5 percent to 1 percent - on the November ballot to address looming budget deficits and help shore up funding the Metro bus system.
The transit agency said financial problems could force it to consider service cuts and possible fare increases for the Metro bus system as soon as next year.
But Portune said the proposed tax increase is too narrowly focused on the bus system, and doesn't incorporate his vision for a regional transportation authority that would include eight counties in Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky.
A new tax levy "should be advanced only after SORTA has engaged the other transit agencies in the region and worked with stakeholders to lay out what is the plan for meeting this region's needs around public transportation,'' Portune said.
Commissioner Denise Driehaus distanced herself from some of Portune's comments. She said she didn't vote to appoint the six members to block the proposed tax levy. She said she doesn't have a position on the levy. She made the appointments based their diversity and knowledge of public transit.
"I have not established a position on the tax levy," Driehaus said. "I've not seen a final plan on the tax levy and what the levy looks like."
The terms of seven SORTA board members who voted to place a tax levy on the November ballot expired last month, opening the door for the county commissioners to fill most of those vacancies with their own nominees.
Hamilton County commissioners are responsible for appointing six of the 13 SORTA board members - three from Hamilton County, and one each from Butler, Warren and Clermont counties.
But The City of Cincinnati is responsible for appointing seven of the SORTA board members, giving the city's nominees the majority vote.
Mayor John Cranley has said improving the region's bus system and integrating the bus service with other modes of transportation, including ride-sharing services like Uber, are among his top priorities.


Security monitoring is the automated process of collecting and analysing indicators of potential security threats, then triaging these threats for appropriate action.
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From hackers and malware, to disgruntled or careless employees, to outdated or otherwise vulnerable devices and operating systems, to mobile and public cloud computing, to third-party service providers, most companies are routinely exposed to security threats of varying severity in the normal course of conducting business. Given the ubiquitous, unavoidable nature of security risks, quick response time is essential to maintaining system security. And automated, continuous security monitoring is the key to quick threat detection and response.
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text:
Huhong Black Tea (Anhua Black Tea)
Huhong is a Gong Fu Black Tea produced in Hunan Province. It used to be produced in these counties, Anhua, Xinhua. Lianyuan, Pingjiang, Liuyang, Taoyuan and Changsha. Among them, the one from Anhua is most renowned. The Huhong Black tea...Read More
The Difference of Rose damas and Common Rose
Rose damas is also called as desert rose. It grows in the Chinese Northwest desert area, especially in the desert of South Xinjiang. It is the world most premium rose. It differs with other roses in that 1 The cultivar...Read More
Rose damas
Rose damas is a world premium and famous rose cultivar originating from West Asia. From its latin name, it should originate in the place around Damascus of Syria. This rose cultivar was introduced to Chinese Northwest territory Xinjiang around one...Read More
Have You Ever Come Across These Different Types of Tea Drinkers?
Tea is one such aromatic beverage that is consumed by millions of people across the globe. It is the second most popular beverage after water. Presently, there are available different kinds of tea blends namely black tea such as lapsang...Read More
Why You Shouldn't Really Add Milk To Your Green Tea
Sometimes people think of drinking tea with a little bit of milk to taste it better. But do you know, you are simply diminishing tea's health benefits in the process. A lot of people drink green tea for the health...Read More
Jun Shan Yin Zhen and Junshan Island
Junshan Yin Zhen is one of the Top Ten famous Chinese teas. It is the only one yellow tea in the Top Ten list. It is produced in the Junshan Island in the Dongting Lake of North Hunan. We were...Read More
Drinking White Tea Is The Best Way To Enjoy Maximum Benefits
Like black and green tea, silver needle white tea also known as Bai Hao Yin Zhen, is a famous Chinese white tea. It is produced in Fujian province. It is made by the single bud plucked in early Spring. Young...Read More
The Powerful Benefits Of Drinking Oolong Tea
Are you a big fan of drinking tea? Well, what is your favorite type of tea? How about oolong tea? While most people are well aware of green and black tea, those aren't the only available types of teas or...Read More
How Drinking Green Tea Helps in Changing Your Lifestyle
Light and refreshing taste with a delicate nutty flavor, Xi Hu Long Jing Green Tea is China's most famous tea and simply the best of all Long Jing variety. The benefits of drinking green tea are vast and are always...Read More
The Secret of Oolong Tea
Oolong Tea is the great invention of Chinese tea. It is special in that oolong tea is semi-fermented, with green tea non-fermented and black tea full-fermented. The secret of the semi-fermentation of oolong tea comes from the Zuo Qing (做青)...Read More
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Fastest colouring EVER!!! – Total elapsed time – 3 minutes, and that included setting the lineart to a channel…!!!


9 out of 10 based on 992 ratings. 1,084 user reviews.
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Reelmaster® 5200-D/5400-D Series Overview. Choose the Reelmaster® 5200-D with 25 hp for strong performance in most applications, or step up to the 31.5 hp Reelmaster® 5400-D for more challenging terrain, tougher grasses, or in areas of higher altitude.


Brace yourselves Kobas EPoS users – our latest EPoS update is now live and brings with it two features that we know you have been eagerly waiting for!
Perfect for those wanting open food or drink buttons on the till, whereby the button is generic, but can be priced accordingly any time it's used. Simply hit options on any item in your basket and adjust the price as required.
The ability to make price adjustments is reserved for users with the EPoS > Price And Discount Availability Override permission.
Say you run a pub that sells food, but you don't run tabs. Up until now you haven't had a great way to mark an order as being destined for a particular table, beyond adding notes to the individual items in your EPoS basket. This all changes today with the introduction of our new order properties, as now you're able to add table information to your order.
Select a table from our all-new table picker!
In order to use the table picker, you'll need to contact support@kobas.co.uk to set up the table configuration for each of your venues.
At present the new tables and notes functionality is only applicable to orders (not tabs) and prints the details on work dockets – much like the item options you'll already be familiar with, but now for orders.
As always, alongside these new features we've released a variety of usability enhancements and minor bug fixes, including updates for receipt printing, cash drawer support, iPad keyboards and a whole lot more.
© 2009 - 2019 Kobas :: Your complete hospitality management solution. All rights reserved.


In 1997, Kingface played a reunion gig at the (now-defunct) Brownies nightclub in New York City. At that same time, I was the co-editor of a zine that I like to think was part of some sort of last hurrah for NYC zine culture (it was shortly after we quit publishing that most of our publishing contemporaries either did the same or went online), so the co-editor and I arranged for an interview with Kingface frontman Mark Sullivan, which appeared in the 5th issue. Mark offered some great perspective on the origins of the band, as well as some fantastic stories from his own musical beginnings, including tales from the Teen Idles' (featuring future members of Minor Threat and Youth Brigade) 1980 tour of California, for which he roadied. About six years later, thanks to the miracle of Google, I hooked up via email with Kingface axeman Patrick Bobst and after swapping some appreciative recollections of the band, he rewarded me with an incredible recording of Kingface recorded live-off-the-board at Washinton DC's 9:30 Club, in 1988. I aired the entirety of this paint-peeling recording on my December 16th, 2003 radio show, and then engaged in a great on-air chat with Pat, the course of which revealed yet more stories from their existence, but with the benefit of some historical perspective. You can stream the Real Audio of my conversation with Pat by clicking here.
Ain't Talkin 'bout Love by Kingface is licensed under a Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License.


text:
Originally published: 2009-01-16 13:27:29
Last updated: 2009-01-16 13:27:29
Author: David Moss

Routines for converting **large** unsigned arbitrary sized Python integers to packed binary data strings and vice versa.


Not everyone has a history that they are trying to hide, but if they do, we will find it. It is a time based exercise until the results come your way, although some customers do have a precise timeframe that they need a private detective so they can work out what it will cost. Centre Link Benefits if any. Our asset investigations are designed to dig beyond the obvious. Perhaps it is best if you email the Managing Director personally at and he can chat to you about what you have to get us started, and then advise an idea of cost. But there is also another group of women who can only weep and cry helplessly when faced with any stage of adultery. She has shut down talking to us about it.
This can be done by one of two ways — the first is surveillance have him followed to gather proof of any infidelity. However, this should not scare you since a private investigator can always come up with a better plan at a cost that suits your budget. Occasionally there may be another way to solve a relationship problem including background checks, general database inquiries, computer and mobile phone forensics. We can either follow the woman from the workplace using surveillance — or we can use our databases to track down a residential address. We are assuming that you have already spent spent countless hours scouring the Web, spent some money using one of the many online databases, or have searched Facebook until you turned blue in the face.
She loves Melbourne and is a frequent visitor. Thank you Private Investigator Singapore! These guys would probably have been tried and tested, and really, if the evidence that these guys collate is crap, that would make the lawyers' work difficult and the lawfirm would have unlikely used them again. There are a couple of factors that can impact the cost of a private investigator such as whether they charge a flat or hourly rate, the type of service, and whether they ask for a retainer. Normally we only need a full name and a last known address to be able to track someone down. All this is included as apart of your investigation, and there are no nasty surprises at the end. Type of Service How much you pay for a private investigator largely depends on the type of investigation you require.
There is usually an option of not hiring a if costs are beyond reach. Instances of the suspect recognizing you are pretty much obvious. In Singapore, private investigators run a thriving business. And even if we ran these searches the chance of coming up with the details on a particular case is still very small. Also, be sure to have a detailed contract and conclude the case with an itemized list of expenses and records of activities so the associated charges are clear. Nevertheless, rest assure we will get the evidence you need within the shortest period possible. This is for maintaining privacy, discretion and confidentiality of the client.
I really need to know if this is him on this website. Your spouse will not know they are being investigated, and when we provide you with our findings we will do so in the most confidential way possible. Once he and any travelling companions go through to the secure customs area our job will be complete. Retainer Some private investigators will charge an up front fee called a retainer. For example, someone trying to remain hidden is a lot harder to find than someone just going about their business.
This particular investigation will come down to surveillance. Or, it could take months or even years of online searching, personal interviews, travel to other states, etc. Additional costs apply if the extraction is successful. Or help you find someone who is better suited. The legality of hidden spy cameras depends on its usage. Our detective will do their best to give you peace of mind The ultimate goal of our services in Singapore is to provide our clients with the evidence they need to take the next step in their personal or professional life.
Surveillance and field inquiries are just charged by the hour. We do have access to a number of databases where she may be listed and the first step in this sort of investigation is to run the name through those databases. The first could be some database searches on the address so we can try and ascertain any other occupants of the address. I only have his full name, birth date unsure of the year and I know that he used to live I. In theory, those with more experience are more likely to solve your case, and more likely to solve it in less time. Expenses and Miscellaneous Fees Depending on your individual agreement and the needs of your case, a private investigator may ask you to cover any expenses associated with the case. I have a very good idea who did it and I am confident it will happen again.
They are living together, can I find out the financial arrangement between them? We would need to know more about the circumstances of the missing family before we can advise any further. Therefore, no fixed charges can be set. Also the logistics involved can be a factor with the case needs. On the other hand, there are also certain common investigations whose durations they can predict due to experience in working on them. The second direction might be a forensic examination of his telephone handset to see what sort of activity has been through it. The Australian telcos obviously keep call logs etc but it would be illegal for a private investigator to pass this information on, even if they could get it.
We had eyes on him over Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, and only required a one-person team to complete this job. And husband dun even blink an eyelid on helping the kids maintenance. The services offered should be discrete to avoid any suspicion from the suspects under investigation. The police can then step in and work out who the offender is by either of these details. Additionally, a deposit may need to be made. The cost to locate a person in this scenario works like this. We follow them from their home address and see where they go and what they do.
The charges depend on the duration, location, equipment, and manpower used. One of the only ways to to prove the overstaying is to carry out some surveillance and confirm his address and workplace if relevant. Aspiring private detectives must be at least 18 years old 21 in select jurisdictions and generally must have no criminal record. Steps for Becoming a Private Investigator While in most jurisdictions, there is no formal education requirement to become a private investigator, a may be beneficial. I am extremely satisfied with their services! We either have to send an investigator there in search, or utilise the services of a local agency in Liberia. If you have any additional questions or would like to proceed, please feel free to contact me at any time by email at. We are always here to answer any questions you may have.


Glorious weather, lovely couple! The depths of the trees, the shady woods, and the endless trails remind us of fairy tale storybooks we read as little girls. An enchanted engagement shoot in the wood that makes our heart swoon.


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Kitty, a 9-year old kid, was brought by her mother to the park one summer afternoon to play. Kitty had a wonderful time playing with lots of kids. A week later, she experienced high fever. Four days after, her mother noticed reddish spots on Kitty's neck which she keeps on scratching. A trip to the pediatric clinic revealed that Kitty has measles.
Measles is an acute viral respiratory illness.
Measles, also known as rubeola, is one of the most contagious infectious diseases, with at least a 90% secondary infection rate in susceptible domestic contacts.
Despite being considered primarily a childhood illness, measles can affect people of all ages.
Measles is marked by prodromal fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and pathognomonic enanthem (ie, Koplik spots), followed by an erythematous maculopapular rash on the third to seventh day.
In temperate areas, the peak incidence of infection occurs during late winter and spring.
Infection is transmitted via respiratory droplets, which can remain active and contagious, either airborne or on surfaces, for up to 2 hours.
Initial infection and viral replication occur locally in tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells.
After 2-4 days, measles virus infects local lymphatic tissues, perhaps carried by pulmonary macrophages.
Following the amplification of measles virus in regional lymph nodes, a predominantly cell-associated viremia disseminates the virus to various organs prior to the appearance of a rash.
Measles virus infection causes a generalized immunosuppression marked by decreases in delayed-type hypersensitivity, interleukin (IL)-12 production and antigen-specific lymphoproliferative responses that persist for weeks to months after the acute infection.
The practice of administering 2 doses of live-attenuated measles vaccine to children to prevent school outbreaks of measles was implemented when the vaccine was first licensed in 1963.
The immunization program resulted in a decrease of more than 99% in reported incidence.
From 1989 to 1991, a major resurgence occurred, affecting primarily unvaccinated preschoolers; this measles resurgence resulted in 55,000 cases and 130 deaths and prompted the recommendation that the second dose of measles vaccine be given to preschoolers in a mass vaccination campaign that led to the effective elimination in the United States of endemic transmission of the measles virus.
By 1997-1999, the incidence of measles had been reduced to a historic low (< 0.5 cases per million persons).
From 1997 to 2004, the reported incidence was as low as 37-116 cases per year.
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In 2005, 66 cases of measles were reported to the CDC. Of these, 34 were linked to a single outbreak in Indiana associated with the return of an unvaccinated 17-year-old American traveling in Romania.
In 2006, a total of 49 confirmed cases were reported in the United States.
From January to June 2008, 131 cases of measles were reported to the CDC.
At least 47% of the 131 measles infections were in school-aged children whose parents chose not to have them vaccinated.
In the period from January 1 to May 20, 2011, a total of 118 cases were reported to the CDC; this represents the highest reported number of measles cases for the same period since 1996.
Of the 118 cases, 105 (89%) were associated with importation; the source of the remaining 13 cases could not be ascertained.
In all, 105 (89%) of the 118 patients were unvaccinated; 24 (20%) were persons 12 months to 19 years of age whose parents claimed a religious or personal exemption.
Approximately half of the 118 cases—58, or 49%—were accounted for by 9 outbreaks.
The largest of these outbreaks involved 21 persons in Minnesota, in a setting where parental concerns about the safety of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine caused many children to go unvaccinated.
As a result of this outbreak, many persons were exposed, and at least 7 infants too young to receive MMR vaccine were infected.
From January 1 to May 23, 2014, 288 confirmed cases were reported to the CDC, a figure that exceeds the highest reported annual total number of cases (220 cases in 2011) since measles was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000.
In developing countries, measles affects 30 million children a year and causes 1 million deaths.
Measles causes 15,000-60,000 cases of blindness per year.
In 1998, the cases of measles per 100,000 total population reported to the WHO was 1.6 in the Americas, 8.2 in Europe, 11.1 in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 4.2 in South East Asia, 5.0 in the Western Pacific region, and 61.7 in Africa.
In 2006, only 187 confirmed cases were reported in the Western Hemisphere (mainly in Venezuela, Mexico, and the United States).
Between 2000 and 2008, the number of worldwide measles cases reported to the WHO and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) declined by 67% (from 852,937 to 278,358).
Of the 66 cases of measles reported in the United States in 2005, 7 (10.6%) involved infants, 4 (6.1%) involved children aged 1-4 years, 33 (50%) involved persons aged 5-19 years, 7 (10.6%) involved adults aged 20-34 years, and 15 (22.7%) involved adults older than 35 years.
Among the 118 US patients reported to have measles between January 1 and May 20, 2011, age ranged from 3 months to 68 years.
The cause of measles is the measles virus, a single-stranded, negative-sense enveloped RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae.
Host. Humans are the natural hosts of the virus; no animal reservoirs are known to exist.
Mode of transmission. This highly contagious virus is spread by coughing and sneezing via close personal contact or direct contact with secretions.
Immunodeficiency. Children with immunodeficiency due to HIV or AIDS, leukemia, alkylating agents, or corticosteroid therapy, regardless of immunization status, are likely to contract measles.
Environment. Travel to areas where measles is endemic or contact with travelers to endemic areas could cause measles.
Absence of antibodies. Infants who lose passive antibody before the age of routine immunization easily contracts measles.
The incubation period from exposure to onset of measles symptoms ranges from 7 to 14 days (average, 10-12 days).
High fever. The first sign of measles is usually a high fever (often >104o F [40o C]) that typically lasts 4-7 days.
Prodromal phase symptoms. This prodromal phase is marked by malaise, fever, anorexia, and the classic triad of conjunctivitis, cough, and coryza (the "3 Cs").
Exanthem. The characteristic exanthem generally appears 2-4 days after the onset of the prodrome and lasts 3-5 days; the exanthem usually appears 1-2 days after the appearance of Koplik spots; mild pruritus may be associated, on average, the rash develops about 14 days after exposure, starting on the face and upper neck (see the image below) and spreading to the extremities.
Koplik's spots. Small spots (Koplik spots) can be seen inside the cheeks during this early stage.
Although the diagnosis of measles is usually determined from the classic clinical picture, laboratory identification and confirmation of the diagnosis are necessary for the purposes of public health and outbreak control.
Antibody assays. The measles virus sandwich-capture IgM antibody assay, offered through many local health departments and through the CDC, is the quickest method of confirming acute measles; laboratories can confirm measles by demonstrating more than a 4-fold rise in IgG antibodies between acute and convalescent sera, although relying solely on rising IgG titers for the diagnosis delays treatment considerably.
Viral culture. Throat swabs and nasal swabs can be sent on viral transport medium or a viral culturette swab to isolate the measles virus; urine specimens can be sent in a sterile container for viral culture.
Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) evaluation is highly sensitive at visualizing measles virus RNA in blood, throat, nasopharyngeal, or urine specimens and, where available, can be used to rapidly confirm the diagnosis of measles.
Chest radiography. If bacterial pneumonia is suspected, perform chest radiography; the frequent occurrence of measles pneumonia, even in uncomplicated cases, limits the predictive value of chest radiography for bacterial bronchopneumonia.
Treatment of measles is essentially supportive care.
Hydration. Maintenance of good hydration and replacement of fluids lost through diarrhea or emesis is a primary concern.
Vitamin A supplementation. Vitamin A supplementation, especially in children and patients with clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency, should be considered.
Hospitalization. Hospitalization may be indicated for the treatment of measles complications (eg, bacterial superinfection, pneumonia, dehydration, croup).
Antibiotic therapy. Secondary infections (eg, otitis media or bacterial pneumonia) should be treated with antibiotics; patients with severe complicating infections (eg, encephalomyelitis) should be admitted for observation and antibiotics, as appropriate to their clinical condition.
Postexposure prophylaxis. Prevention or modification of measles in exposed susceptible individuals involves the administration of measles virus vaccine or human immunoglobulin (Ig).
Medications used in the treatment or prevention of measles include vitamin A, antivirals (eg, ribavirin), measles virus vaccine, and human immunoglobulin (Ig).
Vitamin A. Vitamin A treatment for children with measles in developing countries has been associated with a marked reduction in morbidity and mortality; thus, two doses of vitamin A given 24 hours apart are recommended; a third age-specific dose should be given 2 to 4 weeks later to children with clinical signs and symptoms of vitamin A deficiency.
Antivirals. Measles virus is susceptible to ribavirin in vitro; although ribavirin (either IV or aerosolized) has been used to treat severely affected and immunocompromised adults with acute measles or SSPE (IV plus intrathecal high-dose interferon alfa), no controlled trials have been conducted; ribavirin is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for this indication, and such use should be considered experimental.
Vaccines. The live MMR vaccine is used to induce active immunity against viruses that cause measles, mumps, and rubella.
Immunoglobulins. Human Ig prevents or modifies measles in susceptible individuals if administered within 6 days of exposure.
The nurse caring for the child should be aware of the proper procedure to be done and how to handle the patient.
Physical exam. Assess the child for symptoms that may indicate the presence of measles.
Knowledge of the disease. Assess the patient's or significant other's knowledge regarding the disease.
Hygienic practices. Assess the family's hygienic practices to prevent the spread of the disease.
Impaired social interaction related to isolation from friends.
Risk for impaired skin integrity related to raking pruritus.
High risk of infection related to the host and infectious agents.
Acute pain related to skin lesions and irritated mucous membranes.
Skin will stay clean, dry and intact.
Mucous membranes will stay moist, discomfort will stay within defined tolerable range by patient.
Patient will understand purpose of isolation, cooperate and be free of distress.
Isolation. Patients will need to be on isolation precautions to decrease transmission within the community; emphasize the need for immediate isolation when early catarrhal symptoms appear.
Skin care. Measles causes extreme pruritus; nursing interventions include keeping the patient's nails short, encourage long pants and sleeves to prevent scratching, keeping skin moist with health care provider recommended lotions, and avoiding sunlight and heat.
Eye care. Treat conjunctivitis with warm saline when removing eye secretions and encourage patient not to rub eyes; protect the eyes from the glare of strong light.
Hydration. Encourage oral hydration; medical literature encourages the use of oral rehydration solution.
Temperature control. Antipyretics should be administered to the patient as ordered for a temperature greater than 100.4 Fahrenheit unless directed elsewise by a healthcare provider; be sure to remind parents not to administer aspirin due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.
Skin became clean, dry and intact.
Mucous membranes stayed moist, discomfort will stay within defined tolerable range by the patient.
Patient understood the purpose of isolation, cooperate and be free of distress.
You are the charge nurse on the pediatric unit when a pediatrician calls wanting to admit a child with rubeola (measles). Which of these factors is of most concern in determining whether to admit the child to your unit?
There are several children receiving chemotherapy on the unit.
The infection control nurse liaison is not on the unit today.
No negative-airflow rooms are available on the unit.
Clients with rubeola require implementation of airborne precautions, which include placement in a negative airflow room, this child cannot be admitted to the pediatric unit.Options A, B, C: The other circumstances may require actions such as staff reassignments but would not prevent the admission of a client with rubeola.
A child age 7 was unable to receive the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine at the recommended scheduled time. When would the nurse expect to administer MMR vaccine?
In a month from now.
In a year from now.
Based on the recommendations of the American Academy of Family Physicians and the American Academy of Pediatrics, the MMR vaccine should be given at the age of 10 if the child did not receive it between the ages of 4 to 6 years as recommended. Immunization for diphtheria and tetanus is required at age 13.
A 6-year-old child is scheduled to have measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Which of the following route will you expect the nurse to administer the vaccine?
Intramuscularly in the vastus lateralis muscle.
Intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle.
Subcutaneously in the gluteal area.
Subcutaneously in the outer aspect of the upper arm.
(MMR) the vaccine is administered subcutaneously in the outer aspect of the upper arm.Options A and B: MMR is not administered intramuscularly. Option C: Gluteal area is not used as a site.
A nurse is preparing to administer a Rubella vaccine to a client prior discharge home. Which of the following is not true regarding this vaccine?
Pain, redness, swelling, or a lump is some of the adverse reaction.
The need to use of contraception after immunization.
Contraindicated in a client with an allergy to duck eggs.
Rubella Vaccine is administered subcutaneously prior hospital discharge to a nonimmune postpartum client.Option A: Common side effects on the injection site. Option C: The client should avoid pregnancy for 1 to 3 months after immunization with rubella vaccine. Option D: The possible presence of egg protein in the vaccine.
A nonimmunized child appears at the clinic with a visible rash. Which of the following observations indicates the child may have rubeola (measles)?
Small blue-white spots are visible on the oral mucosa.
The rash begins on the trunk and spreads outward.
The lesions have a "teardrop on a rose petal" appearance.
Koplik's spots are small blue-white spots visible on the oral mucosa and are characteristic of measles infection.Option B: The body rash typically begins on the face and travels downward. Option C: High fever is often present. Option D: "Tear drop on a rose petal" refers to the lesions found in varicella (chicken pox).
Text Mode: All questions and answers are given on a single page for reading and answering at your own pace. Be sure to grab a pen and paper to write down your answers.
1. You are the charge nurse on the pediatric unit when a pediatrician calls wanting to admit a child with rubeola (measles). Which of these factors is of most concern in determining whether to admit the child to your unit?
A. There are several children receiving chemotherapy on the unit.
B. The infection control nurse liaison is not on the unit today.
C. The infection control nurse liaison is not on the unit today.
D. No negative-airflow rooms are available on the unit.
1. Answer: D. No negative-airflow rooms are available on the unit.
Clients with rubeola require implementation of airborne precautions, which include placement in a negative airflow room, this child cannot be admitted to the pediatric unit.
Options A, B, C: The other circumstances may require actions such as staff reassignments but would not prevent the admission of a client with rubeola.
2. A child age 7 was unable to receive the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine at the recommended scheduled time. When would the nurse expect to administer MMR vaccine?
A. In a month from now.
B. In a year from now.
2. Answer: C. At age 10.
3. A 6-year-old child is scheduled to have measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Which of the following route will you expect the nurse to administer the vaccine?
A. Intramuscularly in the vastus lateralis muscle.
B. Intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle.
C. Subcutaneously in the gluteal area.
D. Subcutaneously in the outer aspect of the upper arm.
3. Answer: D. Subcutaneously in the outer aspect of the upper arm.
(MMR) the vaccine is administered subcutaneously in the outer aspect of the upper arm.
Options A and B: MMR is not administered intramuscularly.
Option C: Gluteal area is not used as a site.
4. A nurse is preparing to administer a Rubella vaccine to a client prior discharge home. Which of the following is not true regarding this vaccine?
A. Pain, redness, swelling, or a lump is some of the adverse reaction.
C. The need to use of contraception after immunization.
D. Contraindicated in a client with an allergy to duck eggs.
4. Answer B. Given intramuscularly in the lateral aspect of the middle third of the vastus lateralis muscle.
Rubella Vaccine is administered subcutaneously prior hospital discharge to a nonimmune postpartum client.
Option A: Common side effects on the injection site.
Option C: The client should avoid pregnancy for 1 to 3 months after immunization with rubella vaccine.
Option D: The possible presence of egg protein in the vaccine.
5. A nonimmunized child appears at the clinic with a visible rash. Which of the following observations indicates the child may have rubeola (measles)?
D. The lesions have a "teardrop on a rose petal" appearance.
5. Answer: A. Small blue-white spots are visible on the oral mucosa.
Koplik's spots are small blue-white spots visible on the oral mucosa and are characteristic of measles infection.
Option B: The body rash typically begins on the face and travels downward.
Option C: High fever is often present.
Option D: "Tear drop on a rose petal" refers to the lesions found in varicella (chicken pox).


text:
Welsh Rhytmic Gymnasts wins gold in Hungary
27 Sep 2012 at 07:00
Welsh rhythmic gymnast Laura Halford swept to four individual apparatus gold's at the International Obuda Cup which took place in Hungary on September 22nd and 23rd, 2012.
Laura is just 16 years old and it was her first senior year, but in spite of this fact she managed to win the overall senior category with a total score of 100.633 last Saturday. Sunday's final was a lot more successful for Laura as she won gold in each of the four pieces of rhythmic apparatus.
"The competition was a great experience and I was really happy with all my performances. After winning the overall on Saturday it definitely boosted my confidence for the finals but I was still surprised when I found out I won 4 gold medals," said Laura.
It is not the first achievement of Laura, this year she was the second at British Championships. Here in Hungary she also made great impression on judges and held out against strong competition including the Hungarian National team. Laura achieved personal best scores in each of her performances, scoring 25.692 in the hoop, 25.6 in the ball, 24.15 in the ribbon and 25.9 clubs. Perhaps, Laura's success could be explained by the fact that she trains with British Olympic Rhythmic Gymnast Frankie Jones.
Team-mate Nikara Jenkins, from Llanelli Gymnastic Club, was 2nd in the junior overall competition and secured a place in the junior apparatus final, where she managed silver in the ribbon and a bronze in the hoop.
Comfortable training clothes is important for every athlete. See our gymnastics crop tops.
< AEON CUP 2012 (Tokyo, Japan)
TROFEO 2012 Results >
Rhythmic Gymnastics Tips!
Australian Rhythmic Gymnastics team conquers gold in AYOF 2013
24 Jan 2013 at 07:00
China did its best in Melbourne!
26 Feb 2017 at 20:45


text:
LISC teams with Amazon to support emerging real estate developers of color and expand affordable housing in the Puget Sound region
Amazon grants more than $5 million to support new real estate developer training program and fund early-stage development projects
SEATTLE, Dec. 8, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- The Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC), a US nonprofit CDFI that supports community development initiatives across the country, has teamed up with Amazon to help build the next generation of real estate developers of color in the Puget Sound region and expand affordable housing in the communities they serve.
LISC Puget Sound, the national nonprofit's local arm, today launched the Housing Equity Accelerator to provide professional training, mentorship, and capacity-building for real estate developers of color, as well as pre-development funding for the affordable housing projects they have planned. Upfront costs can include expensive survey and site planning fees, permitting, legal expenses, and feasibility studies.
The program is funded with a more than $5 million grant from the Amazon Housing Equity Fund, a more than $2 billion commitment to create and preserve 20,000 affordable homes for individuals and families earning moderate- to low- incomes in Washington state's Puget Sound region; the Arlington, Virginia region; and Nashville, Tennessee. The new initiative also dovetails with LISC's Project 10X, which is investing $1 billion to bridge racial gaps in health, wealth and opportunity throughout the country.
"Amazon understands that the affordable housing issue is not just about buildings, it's about people," said Catherine Buell, director of the Amazon Housing Equity Fund. "That's why it is so important that we support emerging real estate developers of color who can offer different perspectives to community building and help come up with lasting, impactful solutions."
"Historical barriers have made it very difficult for Black and other developers of color to get a foothold in the development business," said Brian Surratt, executive director of LISC Puget Sound, who noted that only 5 percent of developers nationwide are Black, due largely to lack of access to capital.
Surratt also pointed to the unique challenges of affordable housing development, which is highly regulated and requires technical knowledge well beyond traditional commercial real estate operations. Affordable housing finance programs often advantage large, experienced, and highly networked developers, Surratt explained, making it difficult for emerging developers to compete.
"With Amazon's support, our hope is to bridge that knowledge gap and build a bench of developers of color who are trusted in their communities and who are likely to hire contractors and other workers of color, some of whom may live in those same neighborhoods," he explained. "It is part of a wealth-building strategy for individuals and communities, and it directly addresses the economic implications of our region's shortfall in affordable housing."
"This program shows how companies like Amazon, mission-driven lenders, and entrepreneurs can team up to help drive community-led solutions for affordable housing," said Seattle Mayor-elect Bruce Harrell. "Supporting emerging real estate developers of color helps to create more equitable and inclusive communities because these developers can engage with and listen to the community's concerns, build meaningful partnerships, and help to generate greater access to opportunities for residents."
LISC will select eligible participants to join the two-year, part-time program which is open and free of charge to eligible developers of color with a demonstrated commitment to affordable and workforce housing. The participants, or "fellows," will have access to a broad network of established real estate professionals. They will participate in cohort training sessions on a range of topics, from project feasibility to joint venture partnerships, and have one-on-one sessions with mentors to tackle specific project barriers.
"Programs meant to redress the real estate industry's racial imbalance need to be carefully designed so that more of the critical early-stage investment winds up in the hands of developers of color," Surratt said. "Amazon's investment is a new source of social and financial capital for these developers that centers them in the local real estate community."
The program is part of a $21 million commitment from Amazon to pilot a professional training, mentorship, and capital funding program to help promote real estate developers of color. For more information on the Housing Equity Accelerator, eligibility requirements, and how to apply please visit this link.
About LISC
LISC is one the country's largest community development organizations, helping forge vibrant, resilient communities across America. We work with residents and partners to close systemic gaps in health, wealth and opportunity and advance racial equity so that people and local economies can thrive. Since our founding in 1979, LISC has invested $24 billion to create more than 436,320 affordable homes and apartments, and develop 74.4 million square feet of retail, community and educational space. For more, visit www.lisc.org.
About LISC Puget Sound
LISC has been active in the state of Washington for decades, including investing in more than 33,000 units of affordable housing. LISC's comprehensive community development efforts include support for Financial Opportunity Centers that offer job training and placement; community safety programs that help residents and local leaders address crime; capacity-building for local nonprofits to expand their service; and economic development strategies to catalyze opportunity—including relief grants for minority- and women-led small businesses impacted by the pandemic. LISC revived its on-site local presence in the summer of 2021, when it launched LISC Puget Sound, with an urgent focus on bridging racial and socio-economic gaps that affect families and communities.
View original content:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lisc-teams-with-amazon-to-support-emerging-real-estate-developers-of-color-and-expand-affordable-housing-in-the-puget-sound-region-301440243.html
SOURCE Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC)
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