Centaurea horrida has been used in folk medicine for many purposes as diuretic, antiinflammatory, hypotensive, antidiarrhetic, mild astringent, bitter tonic, stomachic, digestive, and emmenagogue and in cosmetics. An infusion of this plant is used to treat diabetes and digestive problems Also it is used as a wash for tired eyes and in conjunctivitis. C.horrida grown in Lebanon is widely used in the treatment of diarrhea, as antihypertensive and as hypoglycemic. Phytochemical investigation of the species grown in Lebanon led to the isolation and identification of five phenolic compounds isolated from methanol, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of Centaurea extracts. Their structures were determined by NMR, MS, UV and IR methods. It is important to mention that the isolated flavonoids fisetin, hispidulin, quercetin, quercetin -3-D- galactoside and caffeic acid were isolated for the first time from Centaurea horrida. L growing in the Middle East.
Introduction: Plants belonging to the genus Taraxacum have been used in traditional medicine. Nowadays, extracts of these plants have been reported for the treatment of diseases, including liver disorders. Increasing interest and research on these plants also revealed its potential for treating cancer. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity and cytotoxic properties of crude extracts from aerial parts of Taraxacum hispanicum H.Lindb, against human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2). Material and methods: Evaluation of the antioxidant properties was performed using DPPH in vitro test, superoxide scavenging assay and Fe2+ chelating activity. MTT assay was used to determine metabolic activity, for 24 and 48 hours. Results: For antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extract (overall the one with the best results), IC50 values were 62.4 ± 6.7 μg/ml (DPPH radical scavenging activity) 53.9 ± 10.3 μg/ml (Fe2+ chelating activity) and 2.0 ± 0.3 μg/ml (superoxide scavenging assay). The aqueous and ethanolic extracts had different effects on HepG2 cell viability. Aqueous extract induced cell cytotoxicity in a time and dose-dependent manner, leaving only 52.6% viable cells at a concentration of 200 μg/ml, after 48 h. An increase in the cell viability was seen in the ethanolic extract, from 24 h to 48 h at higher concentrations. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract of T. hispanicum was the most promising, presenting anti-oxidative capacity and only the aqueous extract of the plant presented more relevant cytotoxicity over HepG2 cell line. These activities may be related with the extract phenolic content. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the main mechanisms responsible for these potential effects.
Aim of this study was to develop a HPTLC fingerprint profiles for various secondary metabolites of methanol extract of the root of the traditional medicinal plant, Naregamia alata. CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat V applicator, TLC scanner 3, Reprostar 3 and WIN CATS-4 software were used. HPTLC finger printing of methanol extract of root carried out in three different mobile phases, which showed different Rf values. HPTLC finger printing of methanol extract of root in Mobile phase1 revealed 10 peaks with Rf values in the range of 0.13 to 0.92, Mobile phase 2 showed 7 peaks with Rf values in the range of 0.27 to 0.93 and Mobile phase 3 revealed 4 peaks with Rf values in the range of 0.25 to 0.78. It can be concluded that different Rf values of various phytochemicals provide valuable idea regarding their polarity and selection of solvents for separation of phytochemicals. This study will help in future for identifying this plant for further research.
This study was performed to examine the yield, the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of essential oils of thymus satureioides, grown in two different periods (flowering and after flowering) in the south of Morocco. These two essential oils are obtained by hydrodistillation along with using Clevenger and then they are tested on pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Bacillus subtilis, responsible of food borne disease in the region of Fez. The extraction of the essential oil of Thymus satuerioides in the Laboratory of National Institute of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants (NIAMP), Taounate, Morocco for extraction has provided a yield important enough to 0.75 % in Period of flowering compared to gasoline extract of the aerial part after flowering season which is 0.62 %. The chromatographic analyzes and spectrometric have helped to determine the chemical composition of essential oils of approximately 23 constituents of these plants that are different by the harvest period for each one.
Diabetes mellitus is a difficult metabolic disorder that has seriously impact the human health and quality of life. Medicinal plants are being used to control diabetes However, they are not entirely effective and no one has ever been reported to have fully recovered from diabetes. Many plants have been used for the management of diabetes mellitus in various traditional systems of medicine worldwide as they are a great source of biological constituents and many of them are known to be effective against diabetes. Medicinal plants with antihyperglycemic activities are being more desired, owing to lesser side-effects and low cost. Streptozotocin was induced to all groups of rats at dosage of 35 -55mg/kg except for the normal. Streptozotocin induced diabetes in sprague dawly rats were used to study antidiabetic activity of methonolic extract of two medicinal plants Gymnema sylvestre,Andrographis paniculata methanolic leaf extract was administered orally in graded doses of 30 mg/kg,50mg /kg sprague dawly rats Gymnema sylvestre at a dose of 30mg/kg and Andrographis paniculata at a dose of 50mg/kg showed significant anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidative effect which was evident from the 1st week of treatment.
Objective: To evaluate pharmacognostic, physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical of investigation of root bark of Caesalpinia bonducella. Methods: The present work embodies the investigations of pharmacognostic standards including macroscopic study, powder analysis and histochemical test along with physico chemical parameter study, fluorescence analysis, qualitative and quantitative chemical assay carried out as per methods recommended by the World Health Organization and standard laboratory procedures. The study will provide referential information for the correct identification of the crude-drug. Result: The detailed microscopy revealed the presence of cork, cortex, stone cell medullary ray's calcium oxalate crystal, starch grains, presence of tannins and alkaloids. Preliminary phytochemical screening of these plant materials revealed that presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, phytosterols and carbohydrates in aqueous and ethanol extracts. Conclusion: Thus, it was thought worthwhile to explore this plant on the basis of its standardization parameters. The study will provide referential information for the correct Identification of the crude-drug.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the earliest complications of chronic hyperglycemia and is a major cause of vision loss. Nearly all patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and more than 60 % with chronic type 2 diabetes develop some degree of retinopathy after 10 years. Aldose reductase, the first enzyme in polyol pathway chiefly contributes to the development of diabetic retinopathy and other secondary complications. None of the currently available drugs used to inhibit the activity of aldose reductase is found to be ideal due to their adverse effects. Hence, the screening and identification of more effective and safer aldose reductase inhibitors from natural products have been critical requirement in the management and treatment of T2DM. Recently, we have reported the antidiabetic properties of phytochemicals such as Gymnemic acid, Trigonelline and Ferulic acid in high fat diet fed- low dose STZ induced experimental type 2 diabetes in rats. In the present study, the structure based computational method was employed to identify the in silico inhibitory effect of the above phytoingredients on aldose reductase activity. Auto Dock 4.2 is used to study the molecular interactions between the ligands and the receptor. The data obtained evidenced that the docking efficacy of the antidiabetic ligands which are comparable with fidarestat, the standard used in the present study. Thus, the antidiabetic properties of the above lead molecules may attribute to its aldose reductase inhibitory effect.
Scrophularia striata (S. striata) is a native plant in Iran, which the plant has been used as an antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, and antiflammatory agent in Iran. Based on knowledge of authors, as we know, there is low documented proof on antibacterial properties of S. striata hydroalcoholic extract against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC No. 25923) in west of Iran. As a screen test to discover antibacterial properties of the extract, agar disk and agar well diffusion methods were employed. Macrobroth tube test was performed to specify MIC. The results of agar disk and agar well diffusion tests showed S. striata have prevented the growth of S. aureus and destroyed it. Also, by increasing the concentration of S. striata, the inhibition zone in many of samples increased. The MIC and MBC value was 0.031 g/ml for S. striata. This study confirmed the antibacterial effects of the S. striata on S. aureus. Additional in vivo studies and clinical trials would be needed to justify and further evaluate the potential of the plant as an antibacterial agent in topical or oral applications.
Phytoestrogens, phenolic non-steroidal compounds, extracted from plants are structurally or functionally similar of mammalian estrogens. They possess hormonal activity and can bind to estrogen receptors. Phytoestrogens consist of isoflavones, lignans and coumestans, in which Isoflavones are abundantly found in legumes mainly in soybeans. Out of all soy isoflavones, genistein have most potent estrogenic activity. Menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, urogenital atrophy, incontinence, insomnia, heart problems and osteoporosis are dominates in the end of menstrual cycle as estrogen level begin to decline. Genistein can act like weak estrogens by binding to the estrogen receptor on cell membranes and as estrogen antagonists by preventing estrogens from binding to the receptors, depending on their concentration and other factors. In prevention of hormone dependent cancer, cardiovascular diseases by improving plasma lipid concentrations, osteoporosis and cognitive decline, Genistein shows positive effects.
The neurodegenerative activity of a synthetic detergent sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) on brain physiology in Indian native catfish Heteropneustes fossilis and the efficacy of methanol extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds for alleviating such effects were demonstrated. Fish (n=36, 2 replicates) were exposed to SDS (2.75 mg/l) for 0 (control), 15 and 30 days. After 30-days treatment, methanol extract of Mucuna seed was injected for continuous seven days and sampling was done on each alternate odd days (1, 3, 5 and 7 days). Levels of different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, Na+-K+-ATPase, acetylcholine esterase; monoamine oxidase; nitric oxide were measured in H. fossilis brain tissue. 30-days treatment with SDS caused significant decrease in reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, while glutathione reductase, malondialdehyde level increased significantly (P<0.05). Administration of Mucuna seed extract (15.5 mg/kg body weight) was found to restore the neurological activity and reduce stress in a time-dependent manner as the biochemical and neurological parameters in fish after 7-day extract administration showed no significant difference (P>0.05) compared to those in control without SDS treatment, except for GST and GPx which were unable to return to the basal level.
Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. and Galanthus nivalis L. are two snowdrop species that are used in traditional medicine and homeopathy for nervous system disorders treatment. During pharmacognostic research linear dimensions of G. woronowii and G. nivalis homeopathic crude herbal drugs (HomCHD) were determined. The following microscopic anatomical and diagnostic features of snowdrop species were investigated: the structure of the adaxial and abaxial leaf epidermis, peduncle epidermis, the corolla epidermis, external and internal epidermis of outer scale, external and internal epidermis of storage scale, cell size and cellular inclusions (calcium oxalate raphides, starch grains). There are differences in the linear dimensions both in the macro and in the micro level. Overall dimensions of G. woronowii organs are significantly greater than G. nivalis organs, this fact is also reflected in the linear dimensions of the cell structures. The complex of diagnostic features allows the identification of the snowdrop species.
12. Chemical Constituents of Rheum ribes L.
Chemical investigation of the dichloromethane extract of Rheum ribes has led to the isolation of β-sitosteryl-3β-glucopyranoside-6′-O-fatty acid esters (1), β-sitosterol (2), phytyl fatty acid esters (3), triacylglycerols (4) and chlorophyllide a (5). The structures of 1–5 were identified by comparison of their NMR data with literature data.
The study aimed to investigate antiplatelet activity of the pods of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus in vitro in search for a new botanical source of a platelet aggregation inhibitor for the prevention of stroke, the second leading cause of mortality in the Philippines. This study utilized maceration with hexane as the extraction method. Four concentrations (4mg/mL, 2mg/mL & 0.5mg/mL) of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus pods were used in the study. Aspirin (2mg/mL) and NSS were the positive and negative controls, respectively. The methods employed in the study were Giemsa Microplate Assay for qualitative analysis and UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis for quantitative analysis. Giemsa microplate assay findings revealed that the 4.0mg/mL test solution had the least violet gels present to no violet gels visible at all. Furthermore, the UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Analysis corresponded with the results and found that the 4mg/mL concentration contained the least mean absorbance reading (among the pod extracts) of 0.409, the highest average percent platelet aggregation inhibition of 69.58% (± 2.93) and the greatest average percent antiplatelet activity of 75.49% (± 3.07), among the pod extracts. In conclusion, the pod extract, at 4.0mg/mL concentration, was able to inhibit platelet aggregation.
Since the ancient time nature is providing us with several beneficial herbal phyto-chemicals. Vitex negundo is one of the common and valuable herbs in traditional medicine. In the current study, qualitative screening of different bioactive compounds and membrane stabilization property was checked in aqueous and alcoholic extract of Vitex negundo. Three different concentration 50, 75, 100 microgram/ml was taken for membrane stabilization method using 62.5 microgram/ml sodium diclofenec as a reference drug. The study revealed that V. negungo have several bioactive compounds and significant membrane stabilization property. Presence of several bioactive phytochemicals may help in scavenging the reactive oxygen and potent membrane destabilizing in human. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the phytoscience and scope for adopting novel phytomedicine for membrane destabilization related disease in human.
The essential oil of the aerial parts of Centaurea sempervirens L. (Asteraceae), synonym : Cheirolophus sempervirens (L.) Pomel, was obtained by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. 30 components were identified corresponding to 78.5% of the total oil. Among the identified constituents, oxygenated compounds represented 33.4%, from which 21.2% were hydrocarbons, 10.7% were sesquiterpenes. The non oxygenated compounds were hydrocarbons (9.8%). Phthalates represented 35.3% of the total oil. The major components were 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one (12.4%) and epi-torilenol (5.1%). This is the first report on the chemical composition of the essential oil of this species.
The present study evaluates the antihyperglycemic, antiperoxidative and antihyperlipidemic activities of saponins from Helianthus annuus roots in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Thirty rat's weights between 100-150 g was used for the study and divided into six groups of five rats each. Group A was non-diabetic rats; the remaining five groups was induced intraperitoneal with 150 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate. Group B was diabetic control, while group C, D, E and F was treated with saponin (100, 200, 300 and 500 mg/kg) for 21 days. Administration of saponins significantly reduced the elevated levels of glucose, decreased total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the serum towards normalcy compared to the diabetic control (p ˂ 0.05). In addition, saponins exhibited strong inhibition of lipid peroxidation and increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the liver, kidney and pancreas compared to the diabetic control (p ˂ 0.05). Results suggest that saponins from Helianthus annuus root can enhance the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant properties in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, and may have the potential to be used in the prevention or in the management of diabetes.
Antioxidants are found in many plants and can neutralize free radicals. Sesbania sesban (L.)Merr is a plant that has been used empirically by Indonesian people and its proven have many pharmacologycal activity. The objectives of this research were to study antioxidant activity Sesbania sesban leaves extract using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and correlation with its total phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid content. Extraction was performed by reflux using different polarity solvent. The extracts were vaporated using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH assay. Determination of total phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid content were performed by UV-visible spectrophotometry and its correlation with inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) DPPH scavenging activity were analyzed by Pearson's method. N-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Sesbania sesban leaves had IC50 DPPH < 50 mg/ml and it can be classified as very strong antioxidant. Ethanol extract of Sesbania sesban had the highest of total phenolic content (5.18 g GAE/100 g) and highest total flavonoid content (4.56 g QE/100 g), while the highest total carotenoid content (4.56 g BE/100 g) was given by n-hexane extract. Total phenolic content in Sesbania sesban leaves extracts had significant and negative correlation with their IC50 DPPH scavenging activities. Phenolic compounds in Sesbania sesban leaves extracts were contributor major in its antioxidant activities by DPPH method.
Background: Physical and chemical methods of synthesizing metal nanoparticles have been on the focus for the last decade as it has been broadly exploited by researchers. Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles was found to be easy and economical. The wide applications of titanium dioxide in various fields have drawn attention for biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Cowpea seeds are easily available and rich in protein as well as high in antioxidant which enhances the good characteristics of the nanoparticles synthesized using it. Methods: In the present investigation the nanoparticles are synthesized using Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) seeds extract. 0.1 mM titanium dioxide was mixed with cowpea seeds extract for the preparation of the nanoparticles. The characterization of nanoparticles was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Antibacterial activity of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles was checked against clinical pathogens followed by antioxidant study and cytotoxicity assay by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay and [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] (MTT) assay respectively. Results: The oval shaped biologically synthesized nanoparticles were effective against most of the clinical pathogens. The observance of peak at 418 cm-1 confirms the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The titanium nanoparticles were highly antioxidant in nature and cytotoxic on MG63 osteosarcoma cell lines. Conclusion: The biological method of preparation of nanoparticles proved to be easy and cost effective. The nanoparticles synthesized can be further used in research for anticancer treatments.
Pterocarpus marsupium is a well known plant in ayurvedic system of medicine. The plant has been found to possess diverse number of biological activities and is thus commercially exploited. In the present study, methanol and aqueous extracts of P.marsupium bark were used to evaluate in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-haemolytic activities. In vitro antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH, ABTS, phosphomolybdenum, reducing power assays, anti- inflammatory activity by inhibition of protein denaturation and anti-haemolytic by hyposaline induced haemolysis. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was also estimated. Methanol extract showed an effective pharmacological activity in all assays when compared with their respective standards. The maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be (280 ±0.47mg/g) and (620±0.81mg/g) respectively in methanol extract of Pterocarpus marsupium. This study indicates the presence of active constituents which can be exploited for the treatment of various diseases and also could be used in pharmaceutical industry.
The qualitative composition and quantitative content of amino acids were studied by PC and HPLC methods. 15 free amino acids were identified in the endosperm and skin of A. hippocastanum. 16 bound amino acids were identified in the endosperm; 17 bound amino acids were identified in the skin. The GC/MS method shows that A. hippocastanum skin and endosperm contain 2 free sugars and 5 after hydrolysis. We can also distinguish specific sugars for seed endosperm which are not present in the skin of the seed: Rha, Fuc, and Sucrose. Specific sugars in the skin of the seed are Xyl and Man. The endosperm of seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum accumulates starch, WSPS, and lipophilic compounds. PS and HC are concentrated in the skin. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of 19 macro and microelements in skin and endosperm of seeds of A. hippocastanum was studied by atomic emission spectrophotometry. The skin of seeds of A. hippocastanum accumulates macro and microelements. The seeds do not accumulate toxic metals, and this enables their use as medicinal plant material. The results show big differences between endosperm and skin in their contents of primary metabolites and elements. Those differences depend on functions that the skin and endosperm are playing in plants, and they influence how medicines and food supplements might be created.
21. GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds on Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Phyllodium pulchellum L. Desv.
The present investigation was carried out to characterize the bioactive compounds present in leaf extract of Phyllodium pulchellum using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GC-MS). The results of the GC-MS analysis provide different peaks determining the presence of 10 phytochemical compounds with different therapeutic activities. The major phytocompounds 9-Octadecenamide, (Z) (18.89), 9-Cyclohexylnonadecane (15.93), 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl 2-methyltetrahydro-5-oxo-3-furancarboxylate (10.47) and minor compounds were also present. From the results, it could be concluded that P.pulchellum contains various bioactive compounds have various biological activities. Therefore, it is recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance.
The Plant Calendula officinalis Linn. (Asteraceae), traditionally was found to be used in the treatment of anxiety. Despite a long tradition of use, no systematic pharmacological and phytochemical work has been carried out on this plant. Thus, C. officinalis was subjected to preliminary anti-anxiety screening studies, with a view to ascertain the truth on evidence of its traditional use as anti-anxiety. In the present study, aerial parts of the plant were extracted using solvents in the order of increasing polarity, viz., petroleum ether (60–80°C), chloroform, methanol and distilled water. Elevated plus maze (EPM) was used to evaluate the anti anxiety activity on all the crude extracts on mice. Methanolic extract of C. officinalis at the dose of 100 mg/kg, p.o. was found significant when compared to diazepam, (2mg/kg). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids and polyphenols therefore specific methods are used to extract the total alkaloids and polyphenols fractions from the plant material and methanol extract. Polyphenol fraction at the dose of 50 mg/kg, p.o. showed significant anti-anxiety activity.
The coniferous tree, Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters, commonly known as Barbary thuya is endemic to the western Mediterranean areas. Its woods, mainly root burl, were very appreciated by artisans for their natural beauty, homogeneity and good quality destined for marquetry and furniture. Use of essential oils (EOs) of this species opens a second way for valorization in many fields as bioactive agents. EOs were extracted, by hydrodistillation from sawdust and leaves samples originated from two thuya populations, and analyzed by GC-MS. Yields of EOs varied greatly depending on biomass type and samples origin. EOs of leaves are dominated by monoterpens, and contain α-pinene, camphor, and bornyl acetate as major compounds. Those of woods are however rich in sesquiterpens, and contain 3-tera-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, thymol, cedrol, and α-cedrene as major compounds. Antifungal bioassay, by direct contact in malt-agar medium, of these EOs conducted on four wood decaying fungi, showed that root burl wood EOs possess the best antifungal inhibitory power related to their richness in phenols (above 64%), followed by those of trunk wood; while leaves EOs showed, however a less antifungal activity. Such antifungal potency of wood thuya EOs allows us to recommend the use of these oils extracted from sawdust as preservative agents for less durable woods.
This study was performed to get more insight the cancer specific cytotoxicity of ginger leaf (GL). Three GL varieties (Gajah, Emprit, and Red) were extracted and fractionated. Each etyl acetate fraction in concentration of 200 µg/ml was tested about specific cytotoxicity toward cancer dan normal cells. Cancer cell lines used in this study were human colorectal (HCT116) and human breast (MCF-7 and T47D) cancer while normal cell line was human fibroblast (KMST-6). Based MTS assay method, the results showed Gajah and Emprit GL more significantly reduce cell viability of HCT116 and T47D than Red GL although there was no difference on the efficacy of both varieties. All varieties of GL also significantly reduce cell viability of MCF-7 compare to PBS control. However, there were not significant differences between those GL varieties on their effectiveness against MCF-7. In contrast, there were no effects on the KMST-6 due to all GL varieties treatment compare with PBS control. All data suggested that GL treatment only inhibited in the cancer cells without detrimental effect in the normal cells. Effectiveness of GL against cancer cell varies depend on the varieties. Gajah and Emprit GL are better varieties possess the cancer specific cytotoxicity that merits to be developed as promising chemo preventive agent in the future.
Objective: To investigate the total phenols, flavonoids and carotenoids content, antioxidant and antibacterial potential profile of leaf, root, fruit and stem extracts of the Trichopus zeylanicus with five major solvents, that is, water, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether. Results: The total phenols, flavonoids and carotenoids contents of fruit methanol extract of T.zeylanicus was found to be 85.15±0.223 mg catechol equivalent per gram, 165.5622±1.236 mg quercetin equivalent per gram and 84.47273 ±0.531 mg β-Carotein equivalent per gram respectively which are higher than the activity of other extracts. The methanol extracts showed more reducing power, metal chelating activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and phosphomolybdenum assays than other extracts and their activity increased with increasing concentration of extracts. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of fruit methanol extract is quite comparable to the standard mannitol of the assay and its antibacterial potential is the best way to cope with infectious action of bacteria. Conclusion: The remarkable activity showed by the plant extracts could be attributed to the synergic effect of the active compounds present in it. Among the extracts, methanol was found to be the better solvent to extract natural products to get maximum medicinal benefits.
The present work deals with the isolation of essential oil from the leaves of Casearia tomentosa as well as its chemical characterization by GC-MS and evaluation of in vitro pharmacological activities. The crude essential oil was obtained using Clevenger apparatus. Thirteen compounds were identified representing 77.62% of the total oil composition. The oil was mainly composed of 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (31.45%) followed of the 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester (20.11%), Phytol (10.70%), Di-epi-alpha-cedrene (3.74%), β-bisabolene (1.87%), β-Caryophyllene (0.83%) and some other trace components. Antidiabetic activity estimated by α- amylase and α- glucosidase inhibitory assay and antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) method while antibacterial activity was performed by disk diffusion method. The results demonstrated prominent α- amylase (IC50 = 184.47 ± 1.06 μg/mL), α- glucosidase (IC50 = 91.10 ± 0.80 μg/mL) inhibition, DPPH radical scavenging (IC50=75.50 ± 0.60μg/mL) and FRAP activity (37.55 ± 0.66 μM/mL, FRAP value 1.636). Antimicrobial activity performed towards the selected five human pathogenic bacterial cultures like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi. Highest inhibitory activity was seen against Staphylococcus aureus (zone of inhibition 12.2 mm) while the weakest activity was demonstrated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (zone of inhibition 8.9 mm). Overall results revealed that C. tomentosa leaves (CTL) essential oil exhibits potent antidiabetic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This is the first study regarding the isolation of essential oil from the leaves of Casearia tomentosa and its pharmacological activities.


For newbies of crochet, you can try the Crochet Beginner's Poncho. The Poncho is sized from XS – 5 XL.
In reviewing instructions, there are two panels that are rectangle that are sewn together. The instructions are super easy to read. The stitch is the classic linen stitch or the moss stitch. This stitch is used often in clothing/garments.
If you are new to crochet, I have a comprehensive tutorial on how to read patterns. You can use the skills you learn in the how to read patterns tutorial to help you understanding the pattern. The video doesn't address this pattern as this pattern is brand new but the concepts of pattern reading are still the same.


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Guernsey Finance extends Asia presence with key appointment
EIOPA and World Bank promote global industry
International Federation of Risk and Insurance Management Associations names president
New IMAC chair aims to branch out of Cayman
Guernsey Finance has expanded its presence in the wider South East Asia region with the appointment of Christopher Chan as its first Hong Kong representative.
The Hong Kong office opened in March 2016, initially used as a base from which Guernsey Finance's China rep Wendy Weng carried out further promotional activities in South East Asia.
It is also used by Guernsey Financial Services Commission (GFSC) to provide regulatory advice to those in the region who might be considering Guernsey-specific ventures
"We've had a really positive experience since opening our Hong Kong office, so much so that we now require a permanent representative to be based there," said Kate Clouston, director of international business development at Guernsey Finance.
"There are a growing number of opportunities across all sectors and we're therefore excited to be able to share Guernsey's complete offering with the Asia market. It has reaffirmed our belief that Hong Kong is an important financial hub and our continued commitment to the region can only be seen as a positive for business prospects and the further development of Guernsey relationships in Asia."
For the past six year, Chan has worked in Hong Kong's financial and corporate services sector, with a particular focus on business development.
Chan said: "I am really excited to be joining Guernsey Finance and being involved in Guernsey's continued development in Asia.
"Having grown up in Hong Kong, where 'East meets West', helping to connect Western clients and companies with the Asian market comes very naturally to me and I'm looking forward to explaining the positives that Guernsey has to offer in this regard."
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Guernsey Finance, Appointment, Christopher Chan, Asia Pacific, Guernsey

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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March 25, 2020 12:00AM EDT
Azerbaijan: Opposition Leader Arrested
Free Tofig Yagublu; Drop Bogus Charges Against Him
Policemen bringing the opposition leader Tofig Yagublu to Nizami District Court of Baku, March 23, 2020. © 2020 Azadliq Radiosu/RFERL
(Berlin) – Azerbaijani authorities have arrested a prominent opposition leader and ardent government critic, Tofig Yagublu, on spurious hooliganism charges, Human Rights Watch said today. Yagublu's arrest comes days after President Ilham Aliyev made comments suggesting he would use measures supposedly designed to tackle the coronavirus pandemic to crackdown on opposition, another disturbing example of the government's contempt for free speech and political critics.
"The Azerbaijani government has a longstanding pattern of pursuing trumped-up charges against government critics in order to silence them," said Giorgi Gogia, associate Europe and Central Asia director at Human Rights Watch. "The case against Yagublu falls squarely in that pattern."
Yagublu, a former political prisoner, is a member of the opposition Musavat Party, and a senior politician in the National Council of Democratic Forces, a coalition of opposition parties and activists in Azerbaijan. A former journalist, Yagublu often raises human rights concerns in Azerbaijan.
Yagublu's arrest comes days after Aliyev addressed the nation about the challenges posed by coronavirus. In his speech, Aliyev called the opposition traitors, enemies, and a fifth column that might try to destabilize the country. He strongly implied that he would use the fight against the virus to crack down on the country's political opposition.
On March 23, the Nizami District Court of Baku ordered Yagublu be held for three months in pretrial custody, pending investigation on charges of "hooliganism committed with a weapon or an object used as a weapon."
According to the Interior Ministry's press statement, Yagublu is also accused of inflicting bodily harm, using a wrench. If convicted, he could face up to seven years in prison.
Yagublu vehemently denies the charges. At the pretrial detention hearing, he said that on March 22, at about 3:30 p.m., he was sitting in his parked car when another vehicle approached from behind and side-swiped his car. The driver and a passenger from the other car got out and tried to attack him. Yagublu's daughter told Human Rights Watch that her father realized the accident was a set-up, immediately called the police, and remained in his car waiting for them to arrive.
After filing the police report, police officers took Yagublu into custody and charged him with criminal hooliganism. The car accident appears to have been staged to provide grounds for a bogus case against Yagublu, Human Rights Watch said.
Police denied Yagublu access to a lawyer of his choosing and he was only allowed to see one at his pretrial hearing the next day. Yagublu rejected the services of a state-appointed lawyer and refused to speak to police before the court hearing.
The prosecutor requested that the court remand Yagublu to pretrial custody, claiming he would interfere with the investigation and pressure the alleged victims, without producing any information to substantiate this claim.
The court's decision to accept such abstract and unsubstantiated reasons for Yagublu's pretrial detention violates the guarantee against arbitrary detention in the European Convention of Human Rights. By contrast, courts are required to ensure that detention is a measure of the last resort, justified by specific facts and personal circumstances relevant to the accused.
The authorities placed Yagublu in Pretrial Detention Facility No.3 in Shuvelan, which is notorious for its cells being severely overcrowded, dilapidated, dirty, and poorly lit and ventilated. In 2017, following a visit to the country, the Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT), the Council of Europe's torture prevention body, recommended closing the facility "as soon as possible."
Placing Yagubly in Shuvelan pretrial facility also goes against the CPT's recent announcement, made in the context of the coronavirus disease, urging all relevant authorities to make concerted efforts "to resort to alternatives to deprivation of liberty," particularly in cases of overcrowding.
This is not Yagublu's first arrest. Azerbaijani authorities have periodically arrested Yagublu, subjected him to ill-treatment, and warned him to stop his political activism and criticism against the government.
In October 2019, Yagublu was arrested and sentenced to one month in prison when police violently broke up an unsanctioned, peaceful protest in central Baku. Yagublu alleged that three or four policemen beat him repeatedly and ordered him to make a public statement "repenting" his actions and pledging to stop his political activity. No effective investigations followed the ill-treatment allegations.
In March 2014, Yagublu, was sentenced to five years in prison, on bogus charges of instigating violence. In November 2015, the European Court found Yagublu's detention illegal and ordered Azerbaijan to pay hefty compensation for non-pecuniary damage. He was released in March 2016, following a presidential pardon.
Azerbaijan has a long record of persecuting its political opposition and government critics on a range of spurious criminal and misdemeanor charges, including hooliganism. Currently, there are at least eight members of the opposition Azerbaijan Popular Front Party in prison on bogus charges, and they include: Orkhan Bakhishli, Saleh Rustamov, Agil Maharramov, Babek Hasanov, Fuad Ahmadli, Elchin Ismayilli, Ziya Asadli, and Pasha Umudov.
"Instead of providing essential information and addressing public concerns on COVID-19, the government is shamefully trying to usurp this pandemic to continue its relentless crackdown against its critics," Gogia said. "Authorities should immediately free Yagublu, end the crackdown on political opposition, focus on protecting the health of all in Azerbaijan, and allow the media to do their job freely and safely."
March 18, 2020 Dispatches
Prominent Journalist Freed in Azerbaijan
March 3, 2020 Dispatches
EU Should Press Azerbaijan to Deliver on Rights
"We Live in Constant Fear"
Possession of Extremist Material in Kyrgyzstan
"You Can't See Them, but They're Always There"
Censorship and Freedom of the Media in Uzbekistan


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Michael Bay Overview
Born: February 17, 1965
"I yell a lot. I'm very vocal and demanding, but that's because I'm making massive, noisy movies and I need to keep control." Born and adopted in the motion picture capital of Los Angeles, California, Bay took advantage of his natural surroundings and started his film career in the advertising industry, directing music videos and commercials. Fresh out of Wesleyan University film school at age 24, Bay first started in the music video biz. Working with such artists as Meatloaf, Tina Turner and... See All
6 Underground (Netflix)
Interviews & Videos (21)
MICHAEL BAY - THE ISLAND
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text:
Pattern: Comparison to literal

Issue: -

## Description

Used when comparing an object to a literal, which is usually what you do not want to do, since you can end up comparing to a different literal than what was expected altogether.
Also note that `is` is for identity testing, `==` is for equality testing.

Example of **incorrect** code:

```python
test_string = "ok"
if test_string is "ok": # Returns true
    # do stuff
```

Both strings are actually stored in the same memory location, they have the same _identity_, so the `is` operator works as expected. But if you construct a string by some other method (even if that string contains _exactly_ the same characters), then the string may be _equal_, but it is not the _same string_ - that is, it has a different _identity_, because it is stored in a different place in memory.

Example of **correct** code:

```python
test_string = "ok"
if test_string == "ok":
    # do stuff
```

## Further Reading

* [StackOverflow - Why does comparing strings in Python using either '==' or 'is' sometimes produce a different result?](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1504717/why-does-comparing-strings-in-python-using-either-or-is-sometimes-produce)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Is higher education a bubble?
It's hard to say
by R.A. | WASHINGTON
MY COLLEAGUE at Democracy in America draws attention to an ongoing debate over the nature of higher education and, in particular, steady increases in the cost of getting one. The question of the hour is: is higher education a bubble?
"If you can only afford to go to a state university, don't fret about it too much." Except this: Kevin Drum went to a state university that does not exist anymore. When he graduated from Cal State Long Beach in 1981, he paid $160 in fees. If he graduated from the same institution today, the tuition he would have paid for this year would be $4,335. They officially call it "tuition" now, because it's not meant to be a nominal "fee" anymore. It's simply the price you pay for your education, as a customer, and next year it will be higher, a lot higher. Unless the direction of things change soon, it will be $6,450. And the year after that? It will be even higher. Fees/Tuition in the Cal State system have risen significantly every year since when Kevin Drum went there, and they have risen by around 400% since 2002. Given the complete intransigence of California republicans, tuition will most likely rise by another 32% next year.
A diploma is a polymorphous investment. It is a guarantor of higher lifetime earnings: The "college wage premium" for highly educated workers is in the tens of thousands of dollars per year. It is also an insurance policy against unemployment, a signaling device to employers and peers, a prestige line for your resume or New York Times wedding announcement, and a place to make friends and connections. Most importantly, it is a way to learn new skills and information.
It could be that Thiel is right, that college students, en masse, are overpaying for their educations. But it seems more likely that some college students attending certain types of schools are overpaying. If you want to be an aerospace engineer and have the chops to get into Caltech, the quality of the education, contacts, and fellow students on offer might really be worth $200,000 to you. A diploma from the school practically guarantees a good salary.
It's much harder to talk about a bubble in education than it was one in housing. In housing, there was a clear metric: prices, in absolute terms and as a ratio of just about everything, were soaring. And there was a clear debate: are these increases justified by some real economic shift or are they a bubble associated with new mortgage products and loose credit. In higher education, the questions are much more difficult.
For one thing, it's hard to agree on what price should be the focus. Advertised topline tuition? Few people pay that. Average tuition paid? Average student loan debt? Is the bubble in higher education present at all universities, or just top universities, or just for-profit universities? And how is whatever rising price that is the focus connected to changes in the benefits of a higher education? Indeed, what are those benefits?
The ultimate benefit seems to be a substantial wage premium, and comparisons of that premium to average levels of tuition or incurred debt make college look like an incredibly good deal. The tricky thing is that there may well be an identification problem: it could simply be the case that students who go to college earn more, because the types of students that go to college are the types that have characteristics (intelligence, discipline) that translate into higher earnings. University degrees could simply be expensive signaling mechanisms at best, in this world, and massively wasteful cultural institutions at worst.
Because we can't select high school seniors at random, send some to universities and some into the workforce, and see what happens, we're going to be limited in what we can say about the extent to which this is true. But let me tell you how I think about this.
I think the gains from higher education are mostly, though not at all entirely, about actual learning, though I should say that a healthy portion of these learning gains aren't academic in nature, but have to do with things like social capital. Given the cost of higher education, it seems unlikely that signaling can be the main value of a college degree. There are so many other available means to accomplish the same thing. Why wouldn't an employer be as happy with a set of scores on the SAT and GRE and a letter of acceptance from Harvard? The potential market for a cheaper means to signal worth and to network seems so large that its absence is just very difficult to explain.
Meanwhile, it isn't impossible to skip the full university experience. Indeed, we're constantly presented with the example of men like Bill Gates as evidence for the idea that college isn't a necessity for many talented people. But surely the striking fact is how rare the Gates experience is. Most of the country's most talented young people opt to go to college.
There are highly successful firms that do opt to recruit large numbers of skilled young people away from universities and toward an early professional career: America's professional sports teams. Why haven't other companies followed suit? If college doesn't teach anything, how can we explain this enormous market failure?
One potential explanation is that there are multiple equilibria and at present we are stuck in a bad one. So long as the vast majority of talented youths get traditional college educations, it is too risky and costly for young people to defect from the higher-education strategy. Defection could, indeed, signal a lack of professional fitness. But this is a very vulnerable equilibrium. If even a small number of those students accepted to top universities opt instead to strike out on their own, the stigma of missing out on college could quickly erode (not least because the defectors would probably be the subject of massive New York Times trend pieces, increasing their exposure and their likelihood of success). One can even imagine a young student leaving to pursue an entrepreneurial vision directly targeted at potential college dropouts—setting up support networks, alternative signaling mechanisms, and so on.
But why hasn't this already happened? My guess is that most people, including parents, students, and employers, consider a university education to be a good value. The full set of returns to the investment—signaling and networking, yes, but also the actual investments in intellectual and social capital—justifies the sticker price, and certainly the $20,000 or so in average student loan debt.
What would we look for in a higher education bubble? A sharp rise in cyclically-adjusted loan default rates is one possibility. Certainly that was a part of the housing bubble. I think we'd also expect to see an increase in enrolment rates. But I don't think an increase in tuition or debt alone is sufficient to declare a bubble. Rather, these increases look to me like a reduction in subsidies and a shift in the distribution of the surplus created by the education investment. College educations have long been incredibly cheap given the (apparent) long-run benefit to the degree-holder. Students today are now paying for a larger share of the benefit they receive. And in some cases, universities appear to be getting better at extracting some of the surplus created by degree completion.
Is this problematic? There is a positive societal spillover to higher education, and so students (many of them anyway) should continue to receive some subsidy. And it is in society's interest to ensure that deserving poor students have the same opportunities as richer ones. But broadly speaking, I don't know if we can say that higher education has gotten too expensive or has become a bubble.
More from Free exchange
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text:
CS 077: Devonte Hart (03/28/2018)
March 30, 2018 UncategorizedDevonte Hart, Hug, Photo, Police, Viralchampagnesharks
Remember to check out the "Killmonger Was Right" and other assorted Team Killmonger gear at http://killmongerwasright.com which also helps to support the show.
Support the show and get double the episodes by subscribing to bonus episodes for $5/month at patreon.com/champagnesharks. If you can't subscribe right now for whatever reason, do the next best thing and tell as many people as you know about the show. Also, remember to review and rate the podcast in Itunes: itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/champ…d1242690393?mt=2. You do not need an Apple product to rate and review the show, just click here to create the AppleID needed to rate and review: https://appleid.apple.com/account#!&page=create. Also, check out the Champagne Sharks reddit at http://reddit.com/r/champagnesharks. Also check out Champagne Sharks on Twitter at http://twitter.com/champagnesharks.
Mentioned in the episode:
An example of the original framing of the photo: https://www.cnn.com/2014/11/29/living/ferguson-protest-hug/index.html
Various stories about how Devonte's famous photo hugging the cop was staged: "The Famous "Ferguson Hug" Photo Was Reportedly Staged" http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2014/12/was-the-ferguson-protest-hug-photo-staged; "The touching hug photo from Ferguson protests is a blatant lie" https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/02/hug-photographs-ferguson-protests-lie; "
Coverage from a website: "Devonte Hart's family remembered as loving, unconventional; neighbors, court records suggest strains" http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2018/03/family_in_northern_california.html
"Freaky Friday" video by Lil' Dicky featuring Chris Brown https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZla1ttZHaw
CS 076: Black Brazil feat. Wendi Muse (@musewendi) (03/24/2018)
March 25, 2018 Episodes, Full Show NotesBrazil, LeftPOC, Race, South Africa, Wendi Musechampagnesharks
Wendi Muse is a PhD Candidate in History at New York University. Her research analyzes Lusophone Africans' impact on the Brazilian left through intellectual and political exchange during the Cold War. In addition to her doctoral work, Wendi holds an MA in Latin American Studies and has conducted research regarding Afro-Brazilian women's political organizing throughout the 20th century. Wendi is presently a 2017-2018 New York Public Humanities Fellow and a recipient of the Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship to support her research in Brazil, Portugal, and Mozambique. Wendi is the creator of the hashtag #LeftPOC and the Left POCket Project, which uses digital media to make the histories of leftists of color more easily accessible to the public. Her podcast can be found at https://soundcloud.com/leftpoc
Twitter: @MuseWendi & @LeftPOC
Race & Racism in Brazil
On the Imperative of Transnational Solidarity: A U.S. Black Feminist Statement on the Assassination of Marielle Franco (written by Wendi & several professors who work on Brazil)
http://www.theblackscholar.org/on-the-imperative-of-transnational-solidarity-a-u-s-black-feminist-statement-on-the-assassination-of-marielle-franco/
"Afro-Brazilian Religions Struggle Against Evangelical Hostility"
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/afro-brazilian-religions-struggle-against-evangelical-hostility/2015/02/05/b6a30c6e-aaf9-11e4-8876-460b1144cbc1_story.html?utm_term=.f7987f559cfe
"The Frente Negra Brasileira: In the 1930s, government and intelligence agencies extinguished the first large scale Afro-Brazilian rights organization
https://blackwomenofbrazil.co/2014/01/30/the-frente-negra-brasileira-in-the-1930s-government-and-intelligence-agencies-extinguished-the-first-large-scale-afro-brazilian-rights-organization/
"Brazil's 'Black Lives Matter' Struggle Even More Dire"
https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-11-03/brazils-black-lives-matter-struggle-even-more-dire
(note: this article notes that Brazilian movements "echo" BLM, but the reality is that Brazil has had its own formal movements against police brutality since at least the 1960s, and informally well before then)
Paulina Alberto: Terms of Inclusion: Black Intellectuals in Twentieth-Century Brazil https://amzn.to/2IUbBfS
Petrônio Domingues – Uma História Não Contada: negro, racismo e branqueamento em São Paulo no pós-abolição. https://books.google.com/books/about/Uma_hist%C3%B3ria_n%C3%A3o_contada.html?hl=pt-BR&id=qao5gp0KjHoC
Jeffrey Lesser – Negotiating National Identity: Immigrants, Minorities, and the Struggle for Ethnicity in Brazil https://amzn.to/2DSWq2H
Edward Telles – Race in Another America: The Significance of Skin Color in Brazil https://amzn.to/2G4tIlo
Barbara Weinstein – The Color of Modernity: São Paulo and the Making of Race and Nation in Brazil https://amzn.to/2G7ZA8M
Erica L. Williams – Sex Tourism in Bahia: Ambiguous Entanglements https://amzn.to/2DSWCPt
The Herskovitz/Frazier debate on the retention of African culture in African-American culture: https://nicholaswallerblog.wordpress.com/2016/01/24/the-retention-of-african-culture/
"Black Like Mao" by Robin DG Kelley http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ccbh/souls/vol1no4/vol1num4art1.pdf
Teaser for CS 074 and 075, two part episode: Blue Checks vs. Fauxteps Black Gender Wars
March 22, 2018 Episodes, Full Show Noteschampagnesharks
This is a preview of a two-part bonus premium episode, split across episodes 74 and 75. Support the show and get double the episodes by subscribing to bonus episodes for $5/month at patreon.com/champagnesharks. This will not only give you access to this current premium episode you're previewing, but also all the back premium episodes you may have missed as well and all future bonus premium episodes. Also, remember to review and rate the podcast in Itunes: itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/champ…d1242690393?mt=2. Also don't forget to check out the Champagne Sharks reddit at http://reddit.com/r/champagnesharks and the Champagne Sharks Twitter account at http://twitter.com/champagnesharks.
We discuss the endless and divisive gender wars that happen on Twitter between the blue check Black Twitter accounts and the
Opening speech is from Malcolm X's "Message to the Grassroots" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ku2JzolPt50
The NY Times article we discuss about how black boys and men are being disproportionately economically affected by racism and sexism, "Extensive Data Shows Punishing Reach of Racism for Black Boys by Emily Badger, Claire Cain Miller, Adam Pearce and Kevin Quealy https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/03/19/upshot/race-class-white-and-black-men.html
"Forget Killmonger — Wakanda's women are 'Black Panther's' true revolutionaries" by Karen Attiah https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/03/01/forget-the-abusive-killmonger-wakandas-women-are-black-panthers-true-black-liberators/
CS 073: The Political As Personal (03/07/2018)
March 13, 2018 Episodes, Full Show NotesDonald Glover, Roxane Gaychampagnesharks
Support the show and get double the episodes by subscribing to bonus episodes for $5/month at patreon.com/champagnesharks. If you can't subscribe right now for whatever reason, do the next best thing and tell as many people as you know about the show. Also, remember to review and rate the podcast in Itunes: itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/champ…d1242690393?mt=2. Also, check out the Champagne Sharks reddit at http://reddit.com/r/champagnesharks. Also check out Champagne Sharks on Twitter at http://twitter.com/champagnesharks.
Intro song: "Gandi Baat" from the soundtrack of the Bollywood movie "R…Rajkumar" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvLBXO94EfA
Outro song: "Guleba" from the soundtrack of Tamil movie "Gulaebaghavali" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVgSyvzmbxw
"Donald Glover Can't Save You" by Tad Friend https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/03/05/donald-glover-cant-save-you
"Donald Glover (Childish Gambino) On Being Racially Profiled, Seeing Someone Killed And Trayvon Martin" http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/10/30/donald-glover-childish-gambino-race_n_4174682.html
Roxane Gay's tweet about tokens and their presumed excellence: https://twitter.com/rgay/status/968616863658725376
Roxane Gay's campaign to write the Batgirl movie: http://variety.com/2018/film/news/roxane-gay-batgirl-movie-joss-whedon-1202708937/
Teaser for CS 072: Get Out…And Stay Out (03/07/2018)
March 12, 2018 Episodes, Full Show NotesCharlamagne, Get Out, Oscars, Slavery, Steve Harveychampagnesharks
This is a preview of a bonus premium episode. Support the show and get double the episodes by subscribing to bonus episodes for $5/month at patreon.com/champagnesharks. This will not only give you access to this current premium episode you're previewing, but also all the back premium episodes you may have missed as well and all future bonus premium episodes. Also, remember to review and rate the podcast in Itunes: itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/champ…d1242690393?mt=2. Also don't forget to check out the Champagne Sharks reddit at http://reddit.com/r/champagnesharks and the Champagne Sharks Twitter account at http://twitter.com/champagnesharks.
The Oscar voter who said the racist things about "Get Out": https://thegrio.com/2018/03/05/oscar-voter-reveals-didnt-vote-get-claiming-played-race-card/
A story on the Vanity Fair pic of Black Hollywood: https://thegrio.com/2018/03/08/lena-waithes-star-studded-oscars-photo-shows-blackexcellence-best/
Steve Harvey's interview with Kevin Costner: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kW2mfiygew
"Steve Harvey's Response To History Enthusiasts: 'I Don't Give A Damn About Slavery'" https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/10/steve-harvey-i-dont-give-a-damn-about-slavery_n_6656284.html
The movie "Santa Fe Trail" in its entirety: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwpaq1d_RhQ. The key scene from the movie I mentioned: http://ytcropper.com/cropped/fw5aa82fad4933b
CS 071: Listener Question: The PUA/MRA to White Nationalist Pipeline (03/03/2018)
March 4, 2018 Episodes, Full Show NotesMRA, Nazis, PUA, Shame, White Nationalistchampagnesharks
Today I answer a listener question about why do so many pickup artists and other men's dating advice people turn into extremists in general and white supremacists in particular. Remember to check out the "Killmonger Was Right" and "Team Killmonger" gear at http://killmongerwasright.com which also helps to support the show.
Opening Song: "A Love That's Worth Having" by Willie Hutch
Closing Song: "Nostalgia" by Dao Paoro (RAC Mix)
Discussed in this episode:
The academic study by June Tangney, Jeff Stuewig, and Debra J. Mashek, "Moral Emotions and Moral Behavior." https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/78b9/1838627eb2c02e07c2fb544acd004edac7e4.pdf
June Tangney's book summarizing all her research, Shame and Guilt http://amzn.to/2FhGU5j
Teaser for CS 070: Listener Questions (02/27/2018)
March 4, 2018 Episodes, Full Show Noteschampagnesharks
This is a preview of a bonus premium episode. Support the show and get double the episodes by subscribing to bonus episodes for $5/month at patreon.com/champagnesharks. This will not only give you access to this current premium episode you're previewing, but also all the back premium episodes you may have missed as well and all future bonus premium episodes. Also, remember to review and rate the podcast in Itunes: itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/champ…d1242690393?mt=2. Also don't forget to check out the Champagne Sharks reddit at http://reddit.com/r/champagnesharks and the Champagne Sharks Twitter account at http://twitter.com/champagnesharks. Also check out killmongerwasright.com for the Team Killmonger t-shirts you can buy to support the show.
This episode, I answer some listener questions.
"White Feelings: 0-60 for Charlottesville" http://www.erynnbrook.com/white-feelings-for-charlottesville/


Review MaryLynn's answers to staff and reader questions.
Vice President and General Manager, HeartCare Imaging, Inc.
I am the State Committee Woman for the Republican Party of Florida and have been a local Republican Executive Committee Woman for nearly 20 years. I have been involved and Co-Chaired many campaigns over the years including Jeb Bush, George W. Bush, Mitt Romney. I am proud to have both Congressman Tom Rooney and State Senator Joe Negron endorsing my campaign. I have been actively involved in St. Jude Catholic Church as an Eucharistic Minister and fundraiser. I have served as a founding board member for the All Saints Catholic School. As parents my husband and I have supported JTAA, local youth athletics, by sponsoring, coaching, organizing and fundraising. I have served on the North Passage Home Owners Assoication board as a member and President. Through my business I am a member of the Palm City, Stuart, Hobe Sound and North Palm Beach Chambers of Commerce.


text:
Frode Skaren aka Uglylogo in Oslo, Norway
Artist Frode Skaren aka Uglylogo has painted more than 40 characters in the hospital rooms and corridors of Akershus Hospital Children's Department in Lørenskog on the outskirts of Oslo.
Akershus Hospital Children's Department cares for children from 0 to 18 years old. Children undergoing orthopedic and surgical treatment or being treated for cancer can stay in the ward for many weeks. This Christmas it will not be possible for them to be visited by siblings or friends due to strict corona measures.
The idea behind the designs by father-of-three Skaren is that the character's shape and color captures the little one's imagination, while the older patients and staff will enjoy their humour and expressions.
"Pictures, colors and figures capture children's attention and can make the environment a little less scary and recognizable. They can be distracted a little from pain and fear, and it also makes it easier to start communication with them when we look at the pictures together."
"Frode has created three characters that radiate energy, good humor and care for each other through working together to make things happen. His work definitely helps create a good atmosphere and is something that will be enjoyed for many years to come." Head of Department, Else Andresen said.
Street Art Oslo curator James Finucane decided to prioritise the project not only for the young patients but also frontline health workers who have had little to cheer this year:
"We´re not saving lives with this project but as Frode puts it, perhaps we can save a moment. It's been an incredibly gloomy year, and this winter will be especially tough for children who find themselves in hospital over the holiday. The least we can do is give patients and staff something to smile about. With so many practical hurdles posed by covid-19, it also became a personal mission to create a meaningful art project during the pandemic period."
"After being greeted at the entrance you pass through the double-doors with the characters and into their world, which is not scary but actually full of fun and playfulness. I chose universal shapes, such as squares, triangles and circles, which I hope will be timeless. The same characters are repeated, to create recognition in the little ones but I also added some hidden things that the older patients and the adult employees and visitors may also discover" the artist said.
The project was made possible thanks to support from two local schools – Algarheim and Mailand – Oslo and Akershus Children's Cancer Association and Lillestrøm bank. Following positive feedback, Street Art Oslo and Akershus Hospital are already in discussion about expanding the project in 2021.
Frode Skaren (aka Uglylogo) studied Visual Communication at Oslo National Academy of the Arts. After completing a BA he moved back to his home town of Kvinesdal to set up his studio in an old barn, complete with his very own screen printing table. Frode often works under the alias Uglylogo and is best known for his charming characters and playful motifs. His work has been featured in international magazines such as Creative Review, Monocle, Computer Arts, Business Week and Little White Lies.
Street Art Oslo is an online platform and IRL network founded by James Finucane consisting of artists, curators, producers and scholars dedicated to improving conditions for the production and dissemination of Street Art in the Oslo region.
Check out below for images and a short film about the project.
Photos by Alex Asensi
Frode Skaren Norway Oslo Uglylogo Videos
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