text:
The Purge T he four abbots a dozen paces in front of them were cut down by swords that whistled in the dank air. Hidden from the flickering sconces, the brother and sister huddling deeper in the gloom could still see the blood splattering the granite walls. Lords Corr had known the priests their entire lives. Now lost, good people, dedicated to those they served, and their religion, which was on the brink of ruin. Corr, the name of clarity both siblings were known together, stared blankly as they edged deeper into the gloom. The two warriors continued to hack at the priest's bodies, to ensure no healers like them could ever use their arcane powers to bring them back. Corrise reached out mentally to his sister, as they backed down the corridor silently. "Be strong, Corrase. We must get away from the castle." He pulled her back and turned her so she would not watch the horror taking place in the shadows before them. The physical touch bridged their tightly connected minds. Corrise willed up all the strength he could and it flowed into his sister, fortifying her. "If we make it to the keep's prayer chamber we will be safe," she said. "We can't stay there indefinitely. All they'd have to do is starve us out." She acknowledged him with a mental nod. " To the new chamber then," she said. They backed into an alcove and listened. The insanity could be heard in every direction. The rebellion, what was being called across the five continents as the Purge, had taken longer to reach the Kircher realm, but sanity collapsed around them so suddenly the ruling class had no chance to catch a breath. Equestrians did all they could to control their warriors at first, but the flood proved unstoppable. Everything imploded. The highborn fell quickly, brought down by the warriors assigned to protect them. The warrior caste succumbed to a paranoia as though it was a plague, feasted on the bloodletting with glee, it seemed. The mentally superior race, anyone known to have strong clarity, was being wiped out. "None of the stairwells or halls leading outside will be safe," Corrase told her brother. "Do you think the kings' private stairs will have been discovered?" Corrise asked. "I imagine it has, otherwise they would still be alive." " It's only rumor that they're dead," Corrise whispered. Corrase looked down the hall. For the time being it was empty, except for the eviscerated bodies of their peers strewn about like trash. Corrise felt his sister's emotion begin to peak again. "The kings' chamber is the only option I can think of," he said. Though her nod was invisible in the dark, her brother felt her acknowledgment in his mind. She turned and led him down the blackened hall, toward the less populated bowels of the castle. They needed to find a safe stairway to make it to the heights, and then still traverse what would be well watched corridors. They made it up dark stairs without incident and turned east. They passed piles of bodies at every turn, hacked highborn, low castes caught in the way of enraged warriors. "Can there be a highborn left alive in the castle?" Corrase's stomach twisted. "Besides us?" She mentally nodded . They ducked within an alcove as a troop of warriors marched down an intersecting hall. "Suppose there are any warriors left loyal to the realm?" Corrase asked. "Look at the corpses," he said. " I've seen no warriors dropped by another warrior's blade. I think they were all waiting for an excuse to turn against us." They had always hated the ruling class. It was quiet behind them. But their destination led another fifty yards in front of them. Corrase took a deep breath and rushed forward, her brother on her heel. Ten steps down the hall a chamber door opened in front of them. Corr froze. A pair of equestrians stepped into the hall and glared at the siblings. A day past, the two equestrians would have laid down their lives to protect the highborn healers without a second consideration. That was an era ago. The male equestrian looked up and down the hall. "Is he looking for witnesses or judging if it's safe to aid us?" Corrase asked her brother. "I'm surprised any of you have survived," the man said, caressing the hilt of his sword nervously. "My lords, you must get into the mountains and wait for all of this insanity to pass." "You speak the obvious," Corrase hissed. "Do you have any suggestions how to get there?" "We can't protect you. The warriors are acting on their own, as hard as that is to believe. Sheep with blood lust." "Then help us get to the kings' chamber," Corrase demanded. The equestrian bowed his head, habit dead one day. His expression in the faint light showed he believed they had little chance. He looked again to the right, and led the way, his sister a step behind him. The heels of their boots clashed on the granite like a call to warriors to investigate. Corr gained little protection while they lost what concealment they had. They proceeded less than twenty steps before four warriors rushed around a corner. The four first took in the equestrians impassively, but when they spied Corr huddled behind them, they shifted, making room to wield their swords. The equestrians drew their swords and the six stood without moving for a moment. The much taller, highly skilled equestrians were a match even if the odds were two-to-one. After a moment the warriors backed up. Corr followed the equestrians forward. When the warriors reached another intersection they paused. The clamor of new boots echoed. A moment later ten additional warriors stood before them. They didn't attack though. They appeared to be giving the equestrians time to decide if they were prepared to die for the lives of highborn. Corrase took her brother's hand. Through the bond they willed forth all the arcane power they could. Their aura grew, brightening the corridor. That alone wouldn't intimidate the warriors, but they had few options. The equestrians slowly sleeved their swords. Their hands at their sides, they strode forward. The warriors separated to give them room to walk by. The sound of their boots faded into the dark. The warriors turned back to the healers and glared. The grating sound of metal against metal echoed against the granite, swords being drawn. Corr frantically considered what of their healing skills could help them. They could easily overpower one at a time, if they were able to touch them, but that wasn't going to help. Very powerful highborn could draw power from the clouds, strike their foe with the supercharged static. Corr didn't have that skill, but they could bluff. They concentrated to conjure an illuminating orb they could wield as though it were lightning. Manipulating the harmless magic would take every ounce of energy they had. The warriors neared. Corrase raised a hand to project a point of threat. Though grimaces replaced grins, the warriors continued forward. Corrise doubled over from the exertion of providing his sister all the power of his soul. Corrase jabbed her hand downward, formed the bright specter and flung it down the corridor. The warriors all lurched. Those in the rear unsure of what took place perhaps, turned and fled. The others were prompted by their flight, and followed. Corrase pulled her brother with her, after the warriors, to maximize the bluster of the moment. They reached the end of the long hall. The warriors turned left. Corr raced right, down the broad, main corridor toward the kings' chamber. They made it to the ornate entrance and peered inside. The outer chamber was empty, though blood smeared the marble tiles. Many loyal to the realm had stood to the end. The din of boots behind them pressed them to step inside without worrying if worse dangers lay within. They closed the double doors. The jamb was intact. The kings, if they were taken here, were fallen by traitors. Corr made their way through the sitting room and office locking both doors behind them. Corrase gasped when they stepped inside the kings' main living area. There wasn't a stick of furniture remaining upright. Their kings had fought to the end as well. Blood soaked the carpets, everything. They both gagged a moment, before pulling emotional strength from their aura. Dozens of siblings died here. The gore sickened them. Something moved Corrase to stride to the balcony. They peeked out the broad doors, across the bailey to the far battlements. The death within the castle didn't prepare either of them. Propped atop poles where pennants used to fly, alternated with torches to light them, were the heads of countless highborn, their braided hair lopped in a final insult. Corrase felt she would collapse. Her brother took her hand. The comfort that passed through the touch maintained her. "We must go ," he urged. They found the hidden stairway with some effort. Corrase formed an illuminating orb to follow down the steep steps. Gratefully, there were no signs of conflict, just the dank, musty air they expected. Their first encouragement. So perhaps the exit below remained safe and unknown. Corr followed the winding course, past an alcove landing, on to the ground floor, and solid granite. "What?" they both gasped. Corrise reached out to search for the presence of shielding. It took little energy to draw it aside. It hid a doorway to their left and a stairwell continuing to their right. "I didn't expect that," Corrase said. "So which way?" he asked. Corrise pointed to the door. "This is as likely to empty into the bailey as a quiet lobby." "Occupied with blood-drunk warriors," he offered. "Where do you suppose that will take us?" "Nowhere if we stand here blathering." Corrise gave her a mental poke for her caustic remark, which she ignored as she followed the stairs. The stairway sank deeper into the earth than they expected, emptying into a narrow hall they couldn't walk abreast. Neither had a guess what direction they walked, other than downward. After following the corridor twenty yards they could hear an unnatural, low roar. They walked on. Their nerves pricked at their skin. Corrise placed his hand against the granite, which was hot. "It's the aquifer for the baths," he said. Corrase ignored him though, because she was discovering their path had come to an end. The wall circled around them giving them room to stand side-by-side, but there was no obvious exit. They examined the black granite for the shield which must hide their escape. "This is more sophisticated than the other," Corrise said softly. " Obviously, " his sister snapped. He looked at her in the dim light. After a moment he sensed her apology, but she didn't speak it. He returned to the task of exposing the conjuring that hid the exit. "The shield shouldn't be so subtle," Corrase murmured. "Maybe there is no shield," he said. "No shield? Of course there's a shield. Why else can't we see the doorway?" "Is there a door?" Corrise removed his ornate dagger and tapped against the granite. It took little time to find an area that didn't have quite the same resonance. They scratched at the surface looking for something out of place. A latch nearly fell into Corrises hand. "Aha." He pulled but nothing happened, at first. With continued heaves a thin fissure formed in the wall, perhaps naturally tightened over the ages of non-use. They were both soaked in sweat by the time it swung open enough to squeeze through. The dry air outside felt like freedom already won. They found themselves on the far northern side of the keep, opposite the village, and the hills they needed to reach, where the prayer chamber had been recently constructed in secret. They navigated the bank of rock around the base of the keep without a hint of anyone noticing them from the ramparts above. They skirted the village and tread up the deep sand of the gully, into the well-hidden cavern that formed the entrance to the chamber. Twenty terrified faces stared. Corr studied them. To a one they were low-level administrators, not a high lord among them. Corr were shocked they were even aware of the new sanctum. One explained his dying masters placed the location of it in their minds, before they succumbed. "This is it?" Corrase cried. She faced her brother, her fists gripped tightly at her hips. "This is what is left of our kind? What are we going to do?" Corrise held the amulet their mother's brother passed down to him. "We will wait until this horrid business is over, and blend back into the fold when we can. Until the persecution ends, we will do whatever it takes to survive." "What? Live among the peasants in the village?" she challenged him. "We will do whatever it takes." "But we are highborn," she shouted at him, pounding her hips with her fists. "It's a new era," Corrise said softly. "We've heard all were wiped out in Nacelle. At least there are a handful of us to continue forward, someday." "Someday?" she shouted. Her energy seemed to escape. She slumped to the rock floor, covering her face with her hands. © R. Mac Wheeler 2017
The Purge T he four abbots a dozen paces in front of them were cut down by swords that whistled in the dank air. Hidden from the flickering sconces, the brother and sister huddling deeper in the gloom could still see the blood splattering the granite walls. Lords Corr had known the priests their entire lives. Now lost, good people, dedicated to those they served, and their religion, which was on the brink of ruin. Corr, the name of clarity both siblings were known together, stared blankly as they edged deeper into the gloom. The two warriors continued to hack at the priest's bodies, to ensure no healers like them could ever use their arcane powers to bring them back. Corrise reached out mentally to his sister, as they backed down the corridor silently. "Be strong, Corrase. We must get away from the castle." He pulled her back and turned her so she would not watch the horror taking place in the shadows before them. The physical touch bridged their tightly connected minds. Corrise willed up all the strength he could and it flowed into his sister, fortifying her. "If we make it to the keep's prayer chamber we will be safe," she said. "We can't stay there indefinitely. All they'd have to do is starve us out." She acknowledged him with a mental nod. " To the new chamber then," she said. They backed into an alcove and listened. The insanity could be heard in every direction. The rebellion, what was being called across the five continents as the Purge, had taken longer to reach the Kircher realm, but sanity collapsed around them so suddenly the ruling class had no chance to catch a breath. Equestrians did all they could to control their warriors at first, but the flood proved unstoppable. Everything imploded. The highborn fell quickly, brought down by the warriors assigned to protect them. The warrior caste succumbed to a paranoia as though it was a plague, feasted on the bloodletting with glee, it seemed. The mentally superior race, anyone known to have strong clarity, was being wiped out. "None of the stairwells or halls leading outside will be safe," Corrase told her brother. "Do you think the kings' private stairs will have been discovered?" Corrise asked. "I imagine it has, otherwise they would still be alive." " It's only rumor that they're dead," Corrise whispered. Corrase looked down the hall. For the time being it was empty, except for the eviscerated bodies of their peers strewn about like trash. Corrise felt his sister's emotion begin to peak again. "The kings' chamber is the only option I can think of," he said. Though her nod was invisible in the dark, her brother felt her acknowledgment in his mind. She turned and led him down the blackened hall, toward the less populated bowels of the castle. They needed to find a safe stairway to make it to the heights, and then still traverse what would be well watched corridors. They made it up dark stairs without incident and turned east. They passed piles of bodies at every turn, hacked highborn, low castes caught in the way of enraged warriors. "Can there be a highborn left alive in the castle?" Corrase's stomach twisted. "Besides us?" She mentally nodded . They ducked within an alcove as a troop of warriors marched down an intersecting hall. "Suppose there are any warriors left loyal to the realm?" Corrase asked. "Look at the corpses," he said. " I've seen no warriors dropped by another warrior's blade. I think they were all waiting for an excuse to turn against us." They had always hated the ruling class. It was quiet behind them. But their destination led another fifty yards in front of them. Corrase took a deep breath and rushed forward, her brother on her heel. Ten steps down the hall a chamber door opened in front of them. Corr froze. A pair of equestrians stepped into the hall and glared at the siblings. A day past, the two equestrians would have laid down their lives to protect the highborn healers without a second consideration. That was an era ago. The male equestrian looked up and down the hall. "Is he looking for witnesses or judging if it's safe to aid us?" Corrase asked her brother. "I'm surprised any of you have survived," the man said, caressing the hilt of his sword nervously. "My lords, you must get into the mountains and wait for all of this insanity to pass." "You speak the obvious," Corrase hissed. "Do you have any suggestions how to get there?" "We can't protect you. The warriors are acting on their own, as hard as that is to believe. Sheep with blood lust." "Then help us get to the kings' chamber," Corrase demanded. The equestrian bowed his head, habit dead one day. His expression in the faint light showed he believed they had little chance. He looked again to the right, and led the way, his sister a step behind him. The heels of their boots clashed on the granite like a call to warriors to investigate. Corr gained little protection while they lost what concealment they had. They proceeded less than twenty steps before four warriors rushed around a corner. The four first took in the equestrians impassively, but when they spied Corr huddled behind them, they shifted, making room to wield their swords. The equestrians drew their swords and the six stood without moving for a moment. The much taller, highly skilled equestrians were a match even if the odds were two-to-one. After a moment the warriors backed up. Corr followed the equestrians forward. When the warriors reached another intersection they paused. The clamor of new boots echoed. A moment later ten additional warriors stood before them. They didn't attack though. They appeared to be giving the equestrians time to decide if they were prepared to die for the lives of highborn. Corrase took her brother's hand. Through the bond they willed forth all the arcane power they could. Their aura grew, brightening the corridor. That alone wouldn't intimidate the warriors, but they had few options. The equestrians slowly sleeved their swords. Their hands at their sides, they strode forward. The warriors separated to give them room to walk by. The sound of their boots faded into the dark. The warriors turned back to the healers and glared. The grating sound of metal against metal echoed against the granite, swords being drawn. Corr frantically considered what of their healing skills could help them. They could easily overpower one at a time, if they were able to touch them, but that wasn't going to help. Very powerful highborn could draw power from the clouds, strike their foe with the supercharged static. Corr didn't have that skill, but they could bluff. They concentrated to conjure an illuminating orb they could wield as though it were lightning. Manipulating the harmless magic would take every ounce of energy they had. The warriors neared. Corrase raised a hand to project a point of threat. Though grimaces replaced grins, the warriors continued forward. Corrise doubled over from the exertion of providing his sister all the power of his soul. Corrase jabbed her hand downward, formed the bright specter and flung it down the corridor. The warriors all lurched. Those in the rear unsure of what took place perhaps, turned and fled. The others were prompted by their flight, and followed. Corrase pulled her brother with her, after the warriors, to maximize the bluster of the moment. They reached the end of the long hall. The warriors turned left. Corr raced right, down the broad, main corridor toward the kings' chamber. They made it to the ornate entrance and peered inside. The outer chamber was empty, though blood smeared the marble tiles. Many loyal to the realm had stood to the end. The din of boots behind them pressed them to step inside without worrying if worse dangers lay within. They closed the double doors. The jamb was intact. The kings, if they were taken here, were fallen by traitors. Corr made their way through the sitting room and office locking both doors behind them. Corrase gasped when they stepped inside the kings' main living area. There wasn't a stick of furniture remaining upright. Their kings had fought to the end as well. Blood soaked the carpets, everything. They both gagged a moment, before pulling emotional strength from their aura. Dozens of siblings died here. The gore sickened them. Something moved Corrase to stride to the balcony. They peeked out the broad doors, across the bailey to the far battlements. The death within the castle didn't prepare either of them. Propped atop poles where pennants used to fly, alternated with torches to light them, were the heads of countless highborn, their braided hair lopped in a final insult. Corrase felt she would collapse. Her brother took her hand. The comfort that passed through the touch maintained her. "We must go ," he urged. They found the hidden stairway with some effort. Corrase formed an illuminating orb to follow down the steep steps. Gratefully, there were no signs of conflict, just the dank, musty air they expected. Their first encouragement. So perhaps the exit below remained safe and unknown. Corr followed the winding course, past an alcove landing, on to the ground floor, and solid granite. "What?" they both gasped. Corrise reached out to search for the presence of shielding. It took little energy to draw it aside. It hid a doorway to their left and a stairwell continuing to their right. "I didn't expect that," Corrase said. "So which way?" he asked. Corrise pointed to the door. "This is as likely to empty into the bailey as a quiet lobby." "Occupied with blood-drunk warriors," he offered. "Where do you suppose that will take us?" "Nowhere if we stand here blathering." Corrise gave her a mental poke for her caustic remark, which she ignored as she followed the stairs. The stairway sank deeper into the earth than they expected, emptying into a narrow hall they couldn't walk abreast. Neither had a guess what direction they walked, other than downward. After following the corridor twenty yards they could hear an unnatural, low roar. They walked on. Their nerves pricked at their skin. Corrise placed his hand against the granite, which was hot. "It's the aquifer for the baths," he said. Corrase ignored him though, because she was discovering their path had come to an end. The wall circled around them giving them room to stand side-by-side, but there was no obvious exit. They examined the black granite for the shield which must hide their escape. "This is more sophisticated than the other," Corrise said softly. " Obviously, " his sister snapped. He looked at her in the dim light. After a moment he sensed her apology, but she didn't speak it. He returned to the task of exposing the conjuring that hid the exit. "The shield shouldn't be so subtle," Corrase murmured. "Maybe there is no shield," he said. "No shield? Of course there's a shield. Why else can't we see the doorway?" "Is there a door?" Corrise removed his ornate dagger and tapped against the granite. It took little time to find an area that didn't have quite the same resonance. They scratched at the surface looking for something out of place. A latch nearly fell into Corrises hand. "Aha." He pulled but nothing happened, at first. With continued heaves a thin fissure formed in the wall, perhaps naturally tightened over the ages of non- use. They were both soaked in sweat by the time it swung open enough to squeeze through. The dry air outside felt like freedom already won. They found themselves on the far northern side of the keep, opposite the village, and the hills they needed to reach, where the prayer chamber had been recently constructed in secret. They navigated the bank of rock around the base of the keep without a hint of anyone noticing them from the ramparts above. They skirted the village and tread up the deep sand of the gully, into the well-hidden cavern that formed the entrance to the chamber. Twenty terrified faces stared. Corr studied them. To a one they were low-level administrators, not a high lord among them. Corr were shocked they were even aware of the new sanctum. One explained his dying masters placed the location of it in their minds, before they succumbed. "This is it?" Corrase cried. She faced her brother, her fists gripped tightly at her hips. "This is what is left of our kind? What are we going to do?" Corrise held the amulet their mother's brother passed down to him. "We will wait until this horrid business is over, and blend back into the fold when we can. Until the persecution ends, we will do whatever it takes to survive." "What? Live among the peasants in the village?" she challenged him. "We will do whatever it takes." "But we are highborn," she shouted at him, pounding her hips with her fists. "It's a new era," Corrise said softly. "We've heard all were wiped out in Nacelle. At least there are a handful of us to continue forward, someday." "Someday?" she shouted. Her energy seemed to escape. She slumped to the rock floor, covering her face with her hands. © R. Mac Wheeler 2017


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The American Civil Liberties Union on July 11 appealed to Congress to protect Americans from unreasonable searches and seizures on the Internet in light of recent revelations that a new monitoring tool could enable the FBI to intercept the e-mail of law-abiding citizens. . . . The American Civil Liberties Union on July 11 appealed to Congress to protect Americans from unreasonable searches and seizures on the Internet in light of recent revelations that a new monitoring tool could enable the FBI to intercept the e-mail of law-abiding citizens.
In a letter to the House Judiciary Committee's Constitution Subcommitte, ACLU director Laura Murphy argued that the FBI's new Carnivore e-mail surveillance system gives federal law enforcement officers access to the e-mail of every customer of an Internet service provider and the e-mail of every person who communicates with them.
"The Carnivore system gives law enforcement e-mail interception capabilities that were never contemplated when Congress passed the Electronic Communications Privacy Act" in 1986, Murphy stated in the letter. "The ACLU urges the subcommittee to accelerate its consideration of the application of the Fourth Amendment in the Digital Age."


text:
Joseph Dominique Garat, dit  (né à Bordeaux le  et mort à Paris le ), est un chanteur, professeur de chant et compositeur de romances français.

Biographie

, frère consanguin de Garat, le brillant chanteur qui fit les délices des salons aristocratiques durant l'Empire, naquit à Bordeaux en 1774. La nature lui avait donné une voix de ténor fort belle ; malheureusement, il ne songea pas à la cultiver dans l'âge où la souplesse de l'organe pouvait faciliter ses études, et surtout il négligea son éducation musicale qui, depuis lors est toujours restée incomplète.

Il commença par entrer dans l'armée ; mais, ne pouvant s'habituer à la sévérité de la discipline militaire, il donna sa démission.

De retour dans sa ville natale, Bordeaux, et déjà arrivé à l'âge de vingt-cinq ans, il se livra à l'art du chant. Doué d'une belle voix de ténor, il s'y prit trop tard pour l'assouplir, et il lui fut impossible de lui donner cette flexibilité qui seule constitue les grands chanteurs. Ce qui, surtout, fit défaut à Fabry Garat, ce fut une solide éducation musicale. Les maîtres, dont il suivit les leçons à son retour de l'armée furent, il est vrai,  et Ferrari ; mais l'élève était déjà trop âgé.

Séparé de ces deux artistes habiles, Fabry Garat vint ensuite à Paris, où son frère jouissait d'une grande et légitime réputation. Celui-ci lui donna des conseils et le mit entre les mains de Gérard, professeur au conservatoire impérial de musique, grand musicien, né à Liège, comme Grétry, ayant comme lui le goût uni au savoir.

Mais ce fut surtout aux conseils de son livre qu'il fut redevable des progrès qu'il fit dans le chant français, pour lequel il avait des dispositions particulières. Fabry Garat brillait surtout par l'expression des paroles qu'il  ; exprimant avec âme les paroles des mélodies, il s'attacha surtout à l'interprétation des romances, genre de musique alors fort en vogue, et c'est à elles qu'il dut sa réputation. Il faisait admirer, en disant ces cantilènes, une prononciation nette et bien articulée, trésor rare, mais que possèdent généralement la plupart des chanteurs méridionaux.

Cultivant particulièrement le genre de la romance, auquel il a dû sa réputation, il en composait par instinct de fort jolies qui ont en beaucoup de succès ; on peut citer entre autres : Le printemps et l'amour, Elisca ou le Russe, l'Étoile du soir, Vais vous revoir, La valse, La mort d'Erbal, le Guerrier écossais, etc. Ses compositions musicales, qui forment huit recueils de romances et pièces fugitives, ont eu le plus grand succès, et sont recherchées avec le même empressement par les artistes et par les amateurs.

Dans les premières années, Fabry Garat ne chantait que comme amateur, car il occupait, depuis 1808, un  dans les départements de la Belgique. Lorsque la France eut perdu cette partie de son territoire (1814), il se vit privé de sa place car, à cette époque, le nom de Garat était un motif d'exclusion : on n'avait pas oublié que ce fut un Garat (son oncle Dominique Joseph, qui signifia au roi Louis XVI la sentence de mort.

Forcé de chercher des ressources dans son talent pour subvenir à son existence, Fabry Garat fut forcé de donner des leçons de chant, et voyagea pour donner des concerts.

Certaines de ses mélodies parurent en 1817 à Paris dans l'Almanach lyrique des Dames.

En 1830, il rentra enfin au ministère des Finances en qualité de sous-chef de bureau.

Franc-maçon, comme son père, son oncle et son frère aîné, le « frère » Fabry Garat est l'auteur, en , d'un Chant funèbre et de Stances, qu'il chanta lors de la pompe funèbre de la « chère sœur » Elisabeth-Fortunée Muraire et, en 1807, d'un Chant funèbre maçonnique en l'honneur d'Alexandre Roëttiers de Montaleau.

Notes et références

Bibliographie

 .
 .
 .
 .

Liens externes

Naissance en octobre 1772
Naissance à Bordeaux
Naissance en Guyenne
Ténor français
Artiste de la Révolution ou de l'Empire
Personnalité liée au Pays basque
Compositeur d'œuvres maçonniques
Personnalité de la franc-maçonnerie bordelaise
Décès en février 1851
Décès à Paris
Décès à 78 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home / Mezcal 101 / Sustainability / Adobe bricks to save us all?
Adobe bricks to save us all?
May 17, 2022 | Joahna Hernandez
The use of raw building materials like adobe bricks is now being marketed as a solution to the waste management problem in the mezcal and tequila industries, but is that a reality?
When I lived in D.C., I became friends with a group of people who were all into sustainable development. I studied international relations in Mexico and it never crossed my mind that I could pursue a career in that area, until I moved to DC. "What do you do?" The most uncomfortable yet mostly used question to start a conversation, gave me the chance to hear various stories on international development. Helping cure malaria in different countries in Africa, bringing effective sanitation and water management programs in Bangladesh, or creating sustainable tourism projects in Latin America. If that career never crossed my mind it was maybe because we don't have a Mexican agency for international development. Our involvement in fixing problems in other countries' communities is not exactly a priority in our foreign affairs policy.
My closest reference to development projects in Mexico is linked to government programs created to provide aid in exchange for political favors or votes. When I took a course about corporate social responsibility led by the World Bank, I skeptically asked myself, can the government, the private sector and society come together to fix hunger, poverty, gender inequality and all the many problems around the globe? In Mexico, many of these programs are directed to rural communities but since paternalism is still so ingrained in our culture, I believe most programs are not executed with a correct approach that follows strict guidelines of accountability.
In the past year, we have been talking a lot about sustainability in the mezcal and agave spirits world. And lately, the pressure fo brands to give back is growing while consumers demand more action to reduce climate change effects or honest contributions to social justice. For tequila and mezcal makers, this has translated into projects that commit to responsible waste management in the form of community development.
For every liter of mezcal produced, at least 10-13 liters of viñaza (aka vinasa or vinasse), waste water, are produced. In 2020, Mexico produced 6.5 million liters of certified mezcal and 374 million liters of tequila, according to the Ministry of Economy. This translates to 85.5 million liters of waste from mezcal production and more than 3 billion liters from tequila production. Where did all that waste go? A lot of it went back to the soil, rivers and water table and since it naturally takes time to disintegrate, it ended up polluting the environment in high volumes. There are organizations dedicated to prevent such damage by reusing the waste by-products but without a proper public policy to regulate waste management, companies and organizations are left to improvise programs that could have a better impact if there was a better accountability system.
One use of the by-product waste has been in the making of adobe bricks, a primary building material in rural Mexico. In the past few years, there has been greater discussion about creating more of these projects as a means to deal with the waste, but several questions remain at hand. Can the communities that depend on the tequila and mezcal industry benefit from these programs? Do these efforts contribute to reducing the equality gap among the different actors involved in the industry or are they a self -serving approach by large corporations or organizations?
Adobe and Maguey: A Brief History
For Mexico specifically, adobe has been stigmatized as a material that only "poor" people use. In major cities, industrial materials such as concrete and steel are commonly used to build houses. Adobe has been used since the Phoenicians, it is a traditional construction material made of clay and sand sometimes mixed with hay or another vegetal fiber. It is left to dry in rectangular wooden molds to create blocks used to build walls for public buildings or housing. Its use is spread all over the world. The knowledge to work it is part of the tradition of every community where these raw materials are easily available. Adobe constructed housing is the result of tradition and the interaction of different times, styles and influences in specific places.
In a study about Otomi constructions by researcher Olga Lucía Rodriguez, she cites the work of another researcher, Victor Moya, who wrote about the uses of agave among Otomí people to build housing. Spread out throughout the central highlands of Mexico, three types of houses were identified: one where walls and ceilings were built with agave leaves only; a second type with walls made of bajareque (mud wall) and the ceiling of palm leaves, and the ridges with agave leaves; and a third with walls of adobe or stone and ceiling made of agave or palm leaves. For these native populations, traditional housing was for centuries the pillar that supported the main characteristics of their cultural identity.
As Edgar Ángeles, the maestro mezcalero at Real Minero who is also an architect, explains, "The elaboration of adobe in Minas is very old. Those who know about construction are the mezcaleros because of their continuous contact with the earth. They were the first builders in the community so part of their work was to make adobe houses because they understood the full cycle of materials, their daily use and applications." Self built projects are mostly seen in rural areas where locals know how to work the materials available in their region. Ángeles recognizes that this knowledge is being lost thereby making these kinds of projects hard to replicate. He also states that reusing waste is a complex process but necessary and people need to learn how to do it.
For him, the basis of everything was always earth. The traditional housing that Edgar remembers begins with jacales or palapas, in which ceilings are made of adobe and woven agave fibers or corn stalks and bajareque walls made with quiote, or structures made with wooden piles, palm ceilings and covered with woven fibers to avoid leaks. The current cost for this kind of construction is high because as all artisan work, it is a slow process that needs time. Angeles says that it costs about $20,000 pesos to make a ceiling of agave leaves, far more expensive than using sheets of aluminum. Marcos Sánchez, an expert in ecological construction and the founder of Ecoconstrucciones Oaxaca, an architectural workshop composed of a team of professionals who want to give back to the communities that are purveyors of raw materials. Sánchez explains the advantage of these natural materials, "these build a healthy house, they help regulate temperature so you don't depend on the AC system, you live without breathing polymers from paints, floors and windows. Our nose adapts but industrial materials have negative effects in the long term." Many of the oldest people in Mexico have lived in a house of stone or tierra. A house made of adobe is built for the following generations whereas concrete has a programmed life of only 50 to 80 years.
The use of both adobe and agave refers to traditions of vernacular origin that are intrinsic to popular knowledge. With the increasing growth of the urban cities, ancestral construction knowledge is being lost even though it well serves the new and growing sustainability trends prevalent today. What do adobe and agave have in common? Both are naturally available materials whose use has been passed down by generation after generation. In the world of mezcal, tradition is key to understanding not only the history but also its current context. If we want to recover the traditional knowledge that is being pushed aside with technological advancements, it is important to recognize the historical references. Otherwise, there is a risk of nullifying the social and technological achievements of communities that have existed for centuries.
The Value of Adobe Bricks
The greatness of Oaxaca relies on its biodiversity. Sánchez, explains that there are four constructive systems in the world based on the use of earth: adobe (a mix of earth and natural fibers), bajareque (a wall structure of wood, reeds, leaves), trodden earth (earth walling technique) and cob (combination of clay, sand, straw and water). All of these are used in Oaxaca and the specific combination of adobe and agave fibers responds to plenty of availability of both materials in the area. It is also known for using all the different varieties of clay: purple, white, yellow and black all of which are used as natural plaster that doesn't need to be colored.
Regular bricks are blocks made of clay and water, and then fired in kilns at high temperature. The standard measure is 28x14x5 centimeters. As explained in this diagram by Enlace Arquitectura, a private architecture firm, viñaza can be used instead of potable water when making adobe bricks. According to the calculations shown, a production of 1,000 liters of mezcal results in 13,000 liters of viñaza which can make 450 bricks when mixed with bagazo, the used agave fibers in mezcal production. Unlike regular bricks, these are left out to dry in the sun for about 15 days. By following this process, if 450 bricks are ready in 15 days within a month, there would be 900 bricks completed in a month which is enough to build a small house.
The science behind it, explains Ángeles, is that cooking agave creates a starch or sugar and it crystallizes right when it gets in contact with the earth, maximizing its resistance. By using viñaza it becomes a sort of molasses; it is applied as if it were water, providing hardness and durability. The bagazo is used to stabilize the contraction of the earth in the adobe. The minimum size recommended to ensure adobe's functionality is 30x60x10 centimeters, which means they occupy more space than regular bricks.
CENIT, a firm in Oaxaca dedicated to sustainable construction and design began working with waste from the mezcal industry in 2007. They have experience turning waste from the wine, beer and paper industries into construction material. With mezcal, their goal is to create living spaces in farming areas for the mezcal producing communities. Their process is similar to the one explained above, once they sun dry the bricks, they put them into a compressor. According to the Director, Paul Sampablo, an adobe brick of 28x14x10 cm costs $6.5 pesos per unit whereas a "tabicon" or brick made of cement and sand, commonly used in Mexico is $8 -$10. The advantage of using natural materials is that they don't face increasing market prices as happens with cement. However, they do add transportation costs depending on where the earth they use is coming from. For example, if they are using purple clay, the source might be about three hours away from the production plant. By using raw materials and bagazo, they can keep a competitive price for the bricks.
With this process, a palenque that produces 900 kg of bagazo and vinaza could help build a house of 60 square meters. CENIT currently works with brands like Sombra Mezcal and has previously worked with 818 Tequila. They are looking to collaborate with other brands such as Dos Hombres and Casamigos. In Sampablo's opinion, the companies interested in these kinds of projects are the ones dedicated to exporting mezcal and he wishes more companies could devote enough funds to waste management.
Samples of adobe bricks from CENIT
CENIT adobe bricks project with Sombra Mezcal
Alejandro Montes also works in the field, and consults on projects providing models of community and progressive architecture at his company, COAA. His first approach to community projects was in Santa Catarina Minas where Alejandro watched and learned the ancestral uses of local and natural materials for construction such as adobe mixed with bagazo. Montes has worked on construction projects with different companies including Mezcaloteca and Del Maguey. Such collaborations range from consulting only to the execution of the project including inspection and revision of design and implementation. A very important part of every project is quality control, to make sure there is the use of quality and certified materials made by experts. This industry is self regulated and they are their own inspectors since the government is not yet regulating this type of activity.
Is It Scalable?
Sampablo believes that this model could be scalable; however, they would need to create a system of a continuing collection of viñazas. Unlike the other experts I spoke with, he hopes a federal agency would be able to take a chance on his project and adapt it into a program to build houses for low income families.
Edgar Angeles thinks scaling is difficult because it implies recovering the tradition that nearly disappeared. I asked him if he thought it would be easy to use adobe bricks in major cities and he believes it is doable but it requires thorough planning from both urban and architectural perspective so the result is the creation of a pueblo or functional city that is organized for its habitants. He added "for a city made of adobe, the local government needs to get involved and set up the rules of the game."
Claudia Barriga Gutierrez, Director of Canto Artesano, a project that designs and creates traditional chairs using natural fibers in partnership with families of artisans, carpenters and wavers. She has seen how communities organize with their own resources or donations or through non profits to build their own housing. She fears that by scaling this singular practice, the demand for bagazo would increase exponentially. There is also the risk of adobe being gentrified in a way that it stops being affordable and accessible to become a luxury item that fits into the need of ecological living, like it is happening with the "Pueblo Revival" in Marfa, Texas. Therefore, a bigger problem could emerge, with violent takeovers by narco cartels as in Michoacan where there is a continuous fight to control the production of avocado. Additionally, even though there is a growing network of architects and experts supporting the use of natural materials, Barriga explains that not all architecture firms are able to embrace their use, unless they have the experience of working in the field.
For Ángeles, he sees many other alternatives to a more environmentally friendly construction. Besides adobe, Ángeles has used mixed techniques in different projects he has led. For El Rosario Library in Santa Catarina Minas, he used a combination of mixed materials in both natural and modern techniques, which use a combination of stones (piedra de loma), adobes, reeds walls and stainless steel structures. "We would like to use wood but it is difficult due to the deforestation problem in the valley, it is too expensive to transport it and to cure it." He also helped build Portezuelo ,a restaurant inside a farm owned by Chef Alejandro Ruíz. He used adobe, stones, regular bricks, reeds and wood. The columns were finished with natural colors and clay. The details in white were made with a paint that used lyme, or calcium hydroxide, mixed with cactus slime and salt to ensure the resistance and durability as well as to avoid plagues.
Edgar Angeles El Rosario Biblioteca in Santa Catarina Minas
Edgar Angeles El Rosario Biblioteca under construction
Edgar Angeles Sample of plaster and adobe brick colors
Creating a Community Development Model with Agave Waste
If we start from a common belief in which external help is required for local communities to develop, there is a risk that the external desires will be put before the needs and desires of the host community. The most successful community development programs ultimately should provide communities with the tools they need to be self-sufficient. So why not use this sustainability trend to reevaluate the role that actors from urban centers play when getting involved with life in rural communities?
Dorte Verner, a senior economist at the World Bank with experience in development programs related to climate change says that it is important to always listen to the community because things are not always as straightforward as we may think. In that sense, is the elaboration of bricks made with adobe and bagazo really bringing back some value to the communities where this technique was taken from?
To really understand this value exchange, I looked to Oscar Hagerman, a Mexican architect and designer who focuses on social housing and is best known for creating living spaces for indigenous groups all over Mexico. He realized when there is a lack of resources, a self construction system allows families to build with each other's help. His work is based on a conscious study of local materials, climate conditions, constant contact with nature and the needs of the people for whom he was designing. In order to execute a project, a full immersion in the life of the communities was a priority. In 2015 he began working on bio-construction projects, giving workshops in Oaxaca and participating in volunteer programs for local communities such as churches or clinics.
He created a network of experts with shared interests. One of them is the aforementioned Marcos Sánchez. They work with universities, national and international researchers, sharing what they have learned about construction techniques and studies they have made about ancestral techniques. Sanchez is known for the volunteer program he has run since 2008 in which he offers self build services to communities in need.
For every project they are requested to lead, they establish a collaboration agreement to ensure the involvement of the community so that the project doesn't get abandoned in the middle of it. Without this type of commitment to create a sense of ownership, the project is not worth the effort. For Sánchez, if the projects are not inclusive, the weaknesses will show faster than any strength. He understands that romanticizing the idea of external help saving the day means nothing when there is no real commitment from all the parties into the completion of a goal. He points out that the enthusiasm from every participant at the beginning of a project needs to be fed because the level of difficulty is even higher when the resources are limited. The parties need to express their needs and know what the benefits will be of joining the project as well as what the properties of the project are and how it will improve their quality of life. Some of the downsides include the time commitment that can create desperation or tiredness, not being paid and working under the sun. For Sánchez's team it is important to generate an environment of positivism and interaction that keeps the goals present at all times.
Ecoconstrucciones Ecocontrucciones volunteers
Ecoconstrucciones Adobe brick house
Angeles acknowledges that the construction of the library project led by Real Minero has been slow because it involves the participation of the regional community. They built restrooms, a kitchen, and a computing room. And while there was some monetary support from outside the community, the bulk of the resources and labor came from within the community. "If resources are flowing, then you can move faster. We still need to finish the second part, we got the structure and ceiling but more than half of the construction is still pending," says Angeles.
In Sánchez's experience, proper management of natural resources (earth, bagazo, fiber, wood, rocks or stones, palm, labor) is obtained through tequios or working sessions within the community that come together for a common goal. One of their recent projects was a community clinic built in Santa María Tepantlali, located in the Sierra Mixe of Oaxaca. Members of the community created a loan system and the interest paid on those loans funded the project and land was donated for the construction of the clinic.
Sánchez also explains if there are available materials in the place you live in, then you can use them and the costs are minimal. But if you need to buy and transport everything, it becomes almost as expensive as using industrial materials. Sampablo shared that one of the challenges of their work with 818 Tequila was that they would get the viñazas shipped from Jalisco to make the bricks in Oaxaca and then transported them back to Jalisco, incurring very high shipping costs of up to $80,000 pesos per shipment. Just recently, Sampablo told me they are no longer collaborating with 818 Tequila and are focused on developing projects only in the area of Oaxaca. Another firm has been hired to work in Jalisco with 818 Tequila. Erick Gómez, Director of Tierra Cruda, a firm with more than 20 years working on bio construction, is helping them build a library for a secondary technical school for a community in Zapotitlán Vadillo. For this project, they are training local workers and need to make about 7000 prefabricated pieces of adobe, as he prefers to call them instead of bricks. He explains that all the earth used for adobe comes from the surroundings of Zapotitlan and only the bagazo comes from Tequila about 200 kms away. For Gómez, it is difficult to have a construction built entirely with natural materials if you consider electric and plumbing installations. However, since fifty percent of the energy consumption of buildings and housing comes from the structure, using natural materials instead of cement cuts the overall carbon footprint.
As stated above, the advancement of a community project depends on the amount of resources available. Establishing a proper waste management program requires enough funding. The Beckman Foundation, which funds leading edge research in the fields of chemistry and life science, has more than 20 years experience working with the communities around the town of Tequila to repurpose part of the waste produced in the production of tequila. They offer an accelerator program to strengthen the entrepreneurial abilities of artisans that work with agave fibers, quiote, and agave sap. According to Magui Arana, director of Beckman Foundation, it operates like a mentoring program in which they provide access to specialized labs and platforms from local and national universities so that small producers receive training regarding finances, trade marks, marketing, accounting and everything they need to start their own business. They have eight years working on this accelerator project.
By mapping the agave usage in the region, the Foundation is able to support local artisans that use by-products of the agave. Among the businesses they have helped is a project that builds furniture with quiote; businesses that make musical instruments and surf boards from agave by-products; a network of weavers that use agave fiber and agave flowers; a paper factory that uses bagazo; bakers that have cookies made from bagazo; and a company that makes construction material from with adobe, bagazo and obsidian stone obtained from the Tequila vulcano. Each artisan works with their own network of tequileros.
In 2018, the Foundation launched the first contest of social housing together with ITESO, a regional university. Arana explains that modern materials are aspirational but the bank does not loan money for self-build projects. There is a long standing tradition in the area of using adobe, agave and opal from the quarries. The idea of the contest was to find innovative ways to use recyclable materials from the agave supply chain such as bottles, barrels, bagazo and agave leaves. The goal is to replicate the winning model in other regions of the country where local materials can be used together with new technologies and designs. Barcena and Savage Estudio won the contest with their Casa Celosía project which was executed by students of different disciplines at ITESO. Overall, Beckmann's vision for this one time contest is to create housing solutions adapted to the needs and lives of the people that live in Tequila and its surroundings.
The need for finding alternatives to industrial materials combined with the increasing demand of agave distillates, puts agave and maguey in the spotlight as an isolated product capable of improving the industry's reputation when it comes to environmental restoration. Is it wishful thinking that all waste that results from mezcal activity becomes material for construction? If you take the annual mezcal production by liters and multiply that by ten, that is the total of viñazas available for reuse. As stated above, billions of liters of waste water was created by the mezcal and tequila industries in 2020 and to use all of that waste in the production of bricks would mean needing to make millions of bricks. How would they all be used? Could they even all be used?
Gómez firmly believes scaling the use of these techniques is possible if the design of regular constructions is improved and adapted to natural materials. As example, he notes that most of the earth resulting from excavation of commercial constructions is not reused. But in other countries like France, builders are using it to create the aforementioned prefabricated pieces.
According to Montes, managing and regulating means the creation of an independent agency that accurately maps who is managing its waste and who isn't. This past March, a new law was approved by the Mexican government to regulate the national wastewater discharge– NOM-001-SEMARNAT-2021. It appears to be more restrictive than previous norms since it establishes stricter guidelines regarding the amount of possible pollutants discharged into national waters. However, there is still uncertainty on how this applies to different industries and how it allows them to work under a permissible limit of wastewater.
The municipality of Mitla in Oaxaca is supposedly the first municipality that is enforcing an environmental rule to stop the contamination of rivers and potable water, but I could not locate an official statement or find an official to speak on this matter. During the last legislative session in Oaxaca, a congresswoman proposed an initiative to regulate the use of water, resources and waste but it was not adopted. And the Ley de Desarollo Sustentable de Maguey Mezcal supported by Maestros del Mezcal is still being discussed in the Mexican Senate. As much as consumers educate themselves or choose to change their buying behavior, and businesses create corporate sustainability programs, both efforts will be limited if public policy is not created or enforced.
"Social problems are related to a lack of public spaces adapted to the needs of the communities." In Sánchez's opinion, the government cannot satisfy the demand for space. There is a deficit of spaces dedicated to education, health, affordable living and recreational activities for children and the solution is for private companies and organizations to step up and try to fill that gap. As Barriga stated, architecture is a social duty that should help people live better but adapting to all the ancestral techniques mentioned involves more than making bricks. Those who are trying to give back cannot leave behind the social aspect of the projects by enabling the communities to execute their vision of a better way of life.
As seen throughout these interviews, one way to do it is through self-build projects that seem to be the best solution to the lack of affordable housing. While collaborations between government, the private sector and society are possible if all parties bring the resources needed to support these kinds of projects, there are challenges. Not everyone is able to acquire property through the traditional methods of a capitalist society, but if providing housing to marginalized communities can help reduce the inequality gap, these projects are worth the effort.
However, it is crucial that any projects remain rooted within the communities and that external organizations and companies involved approach these projects with humility and a lack of ownership or "saviorism."
An important number of research projects are available in other countries beside Mexico such as Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, many of which are creating prototypes of ecological bricks, lighter in weight and more affordable. If this seems to be the path to follow, we need to take bolder rather than symbolic actions in which the reviving of traditional practices brings better opportunities and results that are measured and reported.
The urgency of reducing greenhouse gas emissions is not only for corporations but for individuals as well and I believe we can use this urgency to create community. How? By pushing for more answers and measurable results regarding the actions taken to achieve the climate and social goals we pursue. For the time being, whoever wants to get involved in this cause, has to figure it out on their own.
Mezcla
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The Los Ocotales story
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Four agave spirit trends we'll see expand in 2023
Joahna Hernandez
Joahna Hernandez is a contributing author based in CDMX. She is the founder of Manos de Maiz, a binational company that provides fresh ground masa to restaurants in D.C. and corn based foods in CDMX.
Mark Chalom says
Joahana Wonderful article. As an adobe architect in Santa fe, NM., I agree with most of what was said. In NM, as noted, Adobe is for the rich, not the poor. Adobe will become the material of the future. I will be speaking to this fact at Earth USA, an international Conference on earth architecture around the world. Re using waste water is one of the benefits of this direction, much industrial waste water is ready for this use.
I will be writing and presenting a paper on the importance of earth construction for the future. I would like to include a few of your pictures in my paper. The one with stamped blocks 818, and a picture of a finished wall inside a home. Others would also be appreciated. I would also be interested in talking with you about our use of adobe as a very sustainable material here in NM. The "Solaradobe home". We can talk Mezcal as well. Mark Chalom, architect
Joahna Hernández says
Thank you so much for reading the piece. I will be happy to share with you the sources so you can get the photos you may need.
I'll be happy to talk to you and learn more about adobe.
Hola Joahana, thank you for your response. Im very pleased you have responded. My Email is chalomm@gmail.com. This would be better to communicate as I did not see your note till today. It would also allow me to send you pictures. I also can call Mexico and would enjoy speaking with you and learning more. Can I call you?
I would enjoy using your photo of the adobes with the 818 stamped in. Photo of construction would also be apreciated.
Your article mentioned various self help projects. I agree, adobe has an important part in the sustainable future worldwide.
Thank you so much, Mark Chalom, Architect

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What's it Take to Win?
What does it actually take to win? How big a budget? What Salary level? How many scholarships? What type of facility? How many assistants?
We get asked for benchmarks on these and other metrics often. The data we collect allows us to better advocate for our sport, your program and you, our members. The more we know, the more we can help.
Initial results from the 2016 CSCAA Salary Survey show that head college swimming coaches earn an average of $66,154. Early returns, however show a wide variance in those results.


1. Recommendation of instructional methods or models/programs with a proven track record is not intended as a guarantee that the program will be successful as implemented in a particular school. Prior to or concurrently with adopting any model/program, a school is expected to align its curriculum with the Standards of Learning. School divisions are permitted to choose instructional methods or models/programs that are not recommended so long as they meet the Board of Education's criteria. School divisions selecting this option must submit for approval, on forms provided by the Department of Education, documentation that the instructional methods or models/programs chosen meet the boards criteria prior to implementation.
School divisions will be required to submit requests to use locally developed or selected models that are not on the boards list to the Department of Education for approval at least 60 days prior to implementation. The request with supporting documentation must be submitted on forms obtained from the Department of Education. Documentation is not required for textbooks selected from the state textbook adoption lists.
The forms for requesting approval of a model/program are available on the Virginia Department of Education website at http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Forms. School divisions will be asked to certify that their chosen instructional method or model/program has been approved by the Department of Education in their pre-accreditation submission to the Division of Education Accountability.
The Department of Education has prepared an updated Technical Assistance Resource Document that contains the board-approved recommended list and background information on recommended models, board-approved selection criteria, and disclaimers. This resource document is posted at http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Accountability/accreditation.htm. The information included in the resource document is intended to assist schools that are accredited with warning in selecting and implementing an appropriate instructional model or program.
For more information about instructional models, please contact Maureen B. Hijar, director, Secondary Instruction, at (804) 225-2894 or mhijar@mail.vak12ed.edu. For more information on the process for certifying adoption and implementation of instructional models and programs, please contact Dr. Cheri C. Magill (cmagill@mail.vak12ed.edu), director, Office of Accreditation, at (804) 225-2708.


Is it true that people with name numerology of 5 will do better in business? And people with name in 6 will do better in fields of media, creativity?
Like you said 5 will do very well in business. And those with 6 too will shine equally well or even better. The 6 name numerology people will get much better support by way of staff, co workers, and assistants.
The people with 5 name numerology will come out of any defeat quickly and seek new avenues to succeed. And succeed they will. The 6 persons will not have that resilience.
Like you said the 6 people will be more interested in fine arts, music, dancing, movies, acting, and large scale business.
By lucky planets in astrology you do you mean to say the janampatri/ kundli? If so then if saturn is exalted in one's horoscope then one cannot be named in series of 8 isn't it.
Saturn may be exalted but it need not be a benefic to you. If it is posited in the star zone and sub zone of Sun and Moon, Saturn will give you only the evil results of Sun and Moon.
Only if these Sun and Moon do not refer to any evil houses like 6, 8, or 12, you can have your name in Saturn. Then it will be lucky for you.
However, the birth kundli or birth astrology chart can be wrong due to defective entry of birth time. Therefore, before passing the judgment, you must verify if the birth time is correct by checking with the ruling planets at the time of judgment.
In addition, you have to confirm by horary astrology with a number from 1 to 249, if it is lucky to have your name in Saturn. If all these tests get pass marks, then only you can have your name in Saturn or 8.
This is how I modify my name calculations. This is all new to most of us. This is modern scientific name numerology.
Better is 6 or 5 for 8 borns.
So don't you think that putting a person with life path 8 or born on 8 be put on a number 6 name instead of 5. Since they get assistance from their colleagues but names with 5 do not.
The main theme of my site is that you can not get success from traditional numerology based on numbers alone. A name has a number.
If it matches with your lucky planets in your astrology is one aspect. It should. Or else, the name will fail.
It should match and be in harmony with your body and mind vibrations. If not the name will fail. Instead of giving a name as per numbers which can fail, I ensure that I do these additional checks to confirm if it is really lucky to you.
This is the core concept of this site and mere number based numerology is just meaningless any more.


R|  Says something like   you and me babe how about it ?
A|  Anyway what you gonna do about it ?
-|  When you gonna realise it was just that the time was wrong  Juliet ?
.|  How can you look at me as if I was just another one of your deals ?
A|  When you gonna realise it was just that the time was wrong Juliet ?
B|  When you gonna realise it was just that the time was wrong Juliet ?
M|  Says something like you and me babe how about it ?


text:
Événements
 Crue du Yang-tse Kiang en Chine : les inondations font  morts et quelque  sinistrés.
  2,7 millions de chômeurs au Royaume-Uni.

  - 8 aout : le  congrès mondial d'espéranto a lieu à Cracovie.
 2 août : Avusrennen.
 8 août : aux États-Unis,  assistent à la présentation du dirigeable , porte-avions volant destiné à l'accompagnement éclaireur des flottes de l'US Navy. La Première Dame Lou Henry Hoover en assure le baptême.
 16 août (Sport automobile) : Grand Prix automobile de Pescara.
 18 août : premier vol d'un ballon dans la stratosphère (), avec les suisses Auguste Piccard et Kipfer.
 21 août : premier vol du de Havilland DH.81 Swallow Moth.
 24 août :
 élection générale québécoise.
 Départ de István Bethlen en Hongrie, alors que le pays est victime de la crise économique mondiale. Le comte Gyula Károlyi devient Premier ministre de Hongrie (fin en ).
 Royaume-Uni : démission du gouvernement travailliste devant les critiques que suscite sa politique économique auprès de sa base. Constitution d'un gouvernement d'union nationale par le travailliste Ramsay MacDonald, Premier ministre du Royaume-Uni, qui est exclu du parti (fin en 1935).
 31 août - 27 septembre : incident de Corfou entre l'Italie et la Grèce.

Naissances

 2 août : Pierre Laroche, acteur et metteur en scène belge († ).
 8 août : Roger Penrose, physicien et mathématicien britannique.
 18 août : Grant Williams, acteur américain († ).
 20 août : Alain Goraguer, compositeur de musique de films, pianiste de jazz et chef d'orchestre français († ).
 25 août : Regis Philbin, acteur américain († ).
 27 août : Roman Opalka, peintre franco-polonais († ).
 28 août : Emile Severeyns, coureur cycliste belge ( † ).
 30 août : Don King, Promoteur de boxe.
 31 août :
 Jean-Claude Rolland, acteur français († ).
 Jean Béliveau, joueur de hockey sur glace.
 Jean Lèques, homme politique néo-calédonien († ).

Décès

 14 août : Gitanillo de Triana (Francisco Vega de los Reyes), matador espagnol (° ).

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 15 août 1931

Liens externes

Notes et références


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Michael Paul Duffy (born 12 October 1994) is an Irish showjumper. Michael is currently the youngest Irish Senior Irish National Showjumping Champion. He started his career in Galway, Ireland under the training and Guidance of his father Paul Duffy , International Course builder and  former International Show-jumper.

Michael rode horses for Olympic Bronze Medalist Cian O'Connor whilst on UAE Tour before moving to West Sussex to ride alongside Irish rider Shane Breen.

References

1994 births
Living people
Irish show jumping riders


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Clemson football coach Dabo Swinney's most inspirational religious quotes
'It's a blessing and it's simply the grace of the good Lord to allow us to experience something like this,' Dabo Swinney said after title win.
Clemson football coach Dabo Swinney's most inspirational religious quotes 'It's a blessing and it's simply the grace of the good Lord to allow us to experience something like this,' Dabo Swinney said after title win. Check out this story on independentmail.com: https://www.independentmail.com/story/news/2019/01/10/clemson-football-coach-dabo-swinneys-most-inspirational-religious-quotes/2527485002/
Mike Ellis, Anderson Independent Mail Published 7:19 a.m. ET Jan. 10, 2019
Clemson head football coach Dabo Swinney is no stranger to public professions of his Christian faith, and in the wake of his second National Championship with the Clemson team, he took the opportunity to again thank God. Here's a few of Swinney's most inspirational religious quotes.
"For me, personally, joy comes from focusing on Jesus other than yourself," Swinney told ESPN on the field immediately after winning his second National Championship game with the Clemson team.
He continued: "There are so many great coaches that are so deserving of a moment like this and never get the chance to experience it. To get to do it once and now to get to do it again, it's a blessing and it's simply the grace of the good Lord to allow us to experience something like this. ... All the credit, all the glory, goes to the good Lord, number one. And number two to these young people. When you get a group of people who believe, are passionate, who love each other and sacrifice and are committed to statements of purpose, you'd better look out. Great things will happen."
Dabo Swinney saved his best interview of the year for after Clemson crushed Alabama
"I said it two years ago and I'll say it again, this really not anything I've done," Swinney said during a news conference following the Monday night game. "It's not anything that our players have done. I think God has worked through us. Only God can do this. Hollywood movie, Steven Spielberg, whoever those producers are, they couldn't write this script. They really couldn't. Only God can do this and I give him all the glory. I know where my strength comes from and I know it's simply by his grace that I've been able to walk this walk and walk this journey."
MORE: Clemson coach Dabo Swinney named winner of Paul 'Bear' Bryant Award for record third time
Being asked about his faith is the easiest question he can field, Dabo Swinney said during a July news conference.
"I know I'm going to meet Him one day and He's not going to pat me on the back and tell me how many wins I had," Swinney said in the July news conference. "I think that I made a decision when I was 16. I grew up in a family that I was taught there was a God and all that, but I didn't really have a relationship with Christ until I was 16. And that was a game changer for me. That's really become the foundation of my life."
"We're all going to experience death and failure and setbacks and disappointments and cancer, and it's just a really difficult world. For me, God is always, and my relationship with Christ, he's given me hope and peace," Swinney said in July.
Swinney said during a July news conference that his favorite Bible verse is Jeremiah 29:11, which says (King James translation): "For I know the plans I have for you," declares the Lord, "plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future."
"I've always taken that, and I've kind of applied that to my life along my journey," Swinney said. "Everybody sees me now and I'm the head coach at Clemson and this and that, but my life hasn't always been this way. If there's really hope in the future, then there's power in the present to deal with whatever mess you're dealing with in your life, to step through, to hang in there, to persevere, to continue to believe in something, and that's what my relationship with Christ did for me. It gave me a hope and a belief, the ability to have a hope and a belief beyond my circumstances."
Dabo Swinney has been featured by the Fellowship of Christian Athletes, which quoted him as saying: "We serve a big God—big, powerful—and He's real, and I know that. To experience what I've experienced is surreal, but it's comforting because I know that He is. I know He loves us. We're imperfect people, but I know God has a plan, and I just try to live my life in a way that can hopefully be an encouragement to others."
It's not just Dabo. His wife, Kathleen, told the Greenville News in 2008, shortly after Swinney was named as head coach that "God put Dabo in this situation because he can handle it. I believe he can handle it."
Randall: Clemson note brings joy and tears
Read or Share this story: https://www.independentmail.com/story/news/2019/01/10/clemson-football-coach-dabo-swinneys-most-inspirational-religious-quotes/2527485002/
Man and woman die in Anderson County house fire
Fatal shooting on R Street was self-defense, Anderson Sheriff's Office says
Anderson police charge suspect in shooting on Farmer Street
A teenager from Honea Path has been charged in the shooting of his father
Anderson police seek 3 men for porch and Coors beer thefts
Williamston police officer struck by car while investigating crash


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Indonesian unicorn Traveloka mulls SPAC merger to go public, following Tokopedia
Written by Ursula Florene Published on 22 Dec 2020
It's a different version of a direct listing, but with more potential, says MDI Ventures' Hartanto.
Indonesian travel app Traveloka is evaluating a merger with a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) as a possible option to go public, Reuters reported on Monday.
President Henry Hendrawan said that Traveloka has been approached by a few SPACs. The firm, however, is still mulling whether to take the blank-check company deal, in which it would be eying a valuation of up to USD 6 billion, or choosing the traditional public filing route, according to the report.
Traveloka has been considering a dual listing in Jakarta and an undetermined market since 2019. It bagged USD 250 million of fresh funding in July this year and expanding its financial service offerings, such as credit cards and insurance.
E-commerce unicorn Tokopedia has been another Indonesian startup that is said to have been in talks with a SPAC. For Aldi Adrian Hartanto, vice president of investments with MDI Ventures, a merger would offer certain benefits for companies seeking to go public.
"Generally, a SPAC is beneficial due to the low cost for the public filing, as they don't need to pay underwriters, something the SPAC partner is taking care of," he told KrASIA. "To a certain level it's a different version of a direct listing, but with more potential, which allows them to raise more money."
It also shortens the timeline, as the company doesn't have to do a book building process to determine the price for the IPO. The lag period between the issuance of the prospectus to the actual listing is reduced.
On the way to a SPAC boom?
SPAC mergers, however, also have downsides. As the company is automatically listed in the home market of the SPAC, it has to comply with the requirements there. Hartanto explained that in the US, the Securities and Exchange Commissions (SEC) granted a grace period to firms that are taking the traditional IPO route to meet regulatory compliance, but it's not the case for merged companies.
"Which means that from day one, the merged entity must satisfy a wide range of SEC requirements," he said.
Although it seems that SPACs are showing more interest in Indonesian startups, most investors are waiting to see a big deal happening, such as Tokopedia and Bridgetown, Hartanto said. The performance of that deal will be an indicator whether Southeast Asian companies with local market focus will be accepted on a foreign stock exchange, like NYSE or Nasdaq.
"If this deal is proving to be successful, maybe not 2021, but 2022 onwards could bring a boom for SPACs in Southeast Asia," he said.
Classical music licensor Kuke raises USD 50 million in US IPO


How fit were you during your pregnancy? I was able to exercise 4 times a week. As my pregnancy progressed the intensity of exercise did reduce, but I was still able to do light exercise up until 38 weeks. I felt it was important to exercise, not only to keep my weight gain at a healthy amount, but also for my own self-esteem and confidence.
How soon did you start exercising after the birth? I began introducing exercise with the SE Fitness buggy walk when my baby was six weeks old. I initially saw it as a reason to leave the house as this proved quite difficult at times. It quickly became a way of regaining my fitness and shredding some of the baby weight I had acquired. I gradually increased my walking sessions to three times a week. By the time Laila was 4 months old, I decided to try the beginners running group. My goals for exercise had changed. I now wanted to tone up and improve my fitness ready for my return to active duty later in the year. I found my fitness returned quite quickly – running 2 times a week I was soon moving up the groups as my pace & distance increased.
How do you feel now? I feel aerobically fitter and healthier than ever before. Having a baby and breastfeeding changed the way I viewed my body and my self-esteem took a hit. By returning to running and successfully improving my fitness, my body shape has returned to its pre-pregnancy state and so has my self-esteem.
How do you feel about going back to the navy? I felt amazing fitting back into my uniform comfortably and I have Sally to thank for this. Her encouragement and motivation have really pushed me. I am excited and apprehensive about the new challenges that lie ahead, not only as a working mother, but also as a Doctor in the Royal Navy.


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Stories from the October 25, 2001 issue of the GW Hatchet.
Features: Obsessed with addictions
By Shannon Derby October 25, 2001
A combination of yelling, laughing and victory cries come from Munson Hall room 809. The Redskins are facing off with the Packers in a heated battle. Their destiny is in the hands of sophomores Kyle Slavin and Douglas Park. Slavin and Park spend about an hour a day procrastinating from studies by playing NFL Blitz […]
GW disappoints friends of Rizzo
By Heather Sala and Katie Warchut October 25, 2001
University decisions not to break from policy for naming public areas and funding student travel have agitated close friends of Jonathan Rizzo, who passed away last summer. Members of the Kappa Sigma fraternity and University officials are in a financial dispute over $2,000 in charges from a rented bus used to send students to Rizzo's […]
Opinions: Staff Editorial: GW's secret service
GW Student Judicial Services oversees non-academic student discipline with jurisdiction covering everything from alcohol violations to sexual assaults and countless more infractions. But students dislike the secrecy of GW's judicial proceedings. Students often perceive the policies surrounding SJS activities as constructed to allow administrators to impose their will on students without accountability because no one […]
Arts: NSync pretty boys flub romance flick
By Miriam Dowd October 25, 2001
On The Line's feeble attempt at feel-good romance is enough to leave audiences longing for a refund of their time and money. Ten-year-old girls holding free movie tickets might be into the film, but everyone else should steer clear of this unabashed vehicle to promote 'NSync's Lance Bass and Joey Fatone. On The Line (Miramax) […]
Staff Editorial: Sex and politics
For three years, GW's Faculty Senate and the University administration have argued about a sexual harassment policy governing employee conduct – including the way faculty members behave toward students. Now, GW President Stephen Joel Trachtenberg has announced he will make the interim policy now in effect the permanent rule governing sexual harassment. Faculty members complain […]
Dazed and Confused director delves into the mind
By Peter Joseph October 25, 2001
Director Richard Linklater has tilled the mental plane in films such as Before Sunrise, Slacker and Dazed and Confused. But in his new, computer-illustrated feature, Waking Life, Linklater delves deeper into the subconscious than ever before, exploring dreams, reality and the blurred line between the two. "It's a pretty fundamental idea" Linklater said in a […]
Forum: Shield stops new threats
By Steven Shepard October 25, 2001
The attacks of Sept. 11 taught us that those who hate the United States will stop at nothing to destroy our nation and take the lives of our citizens. Yet, despite this, even as the ruins of the World Trade Center and the Pentagon were still smoldering, many Democrats renewed their opposition to strategic missile […]
Entertainment Listings Oct. 26th to Nov. 1st
Movies AMC Union Station AMC Courthouse Plaza Cineplex Odeon Dupont Circle Cineplex Odeon Foundry Cineplex Odeon Inner Circle Cineplex Odeon Uptown Lowes Pentagon City 6 Music 9:30 Club Black Cat Hatchet Reviews AMC Union Station 50 Massachusetts Ave. N.E. (703) 998-4262 13 Ghosts (R) 1:15, 4:30, 7:00, 9:30, 11:45 Bandits (PG-13) 1:10, 4:10, 7:05, 10:00 […]
Letter to the Editor: Uncovered costs
In the wake of the recent controversy over the new mandatory Student Health Services visitation fee, students should be more attuned to their University health coverage. After a close analysis of the brochure for GW's health insurance company, a GW law student discovered that oral contraceptives are not included under our health coverage, even with […]
The Hatchet Reviews
Restaurants Bars and Clubs Entertainment


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https://www.thetelegraph.com/news/article/8-years-missing-Family-of-Womack-still-seeks-12596144.php
8 years missing: Family of Womack still seeks answers
Family of Womack still seeks answers
Linda N. Weller, lweller@civitasmedia.com
Published 10:51 pm CDT, Wednesday, March 30, 2016
ALTON — With recent discovery of the remains of three once-missing area residents, the family of a man who disappeared eight years ago Thursday continues hoping their painful mystery ends soon.
"This has been eight long years since the last time we've had contact with Mike," said Apryll Pittman, 35, of Alton, sister of Michael A. Womack. "Normalcy for us was taken away at that point. Our lives are far from normal, and they will never be the same. Eight years is a long time. Mike has missed his children growing up, births, graduations, school events, birthdays, family reunions, holidays, deaths, etcetera."
Womack, then 25, was living in the 2900 block of Watalee Street in Alton. He last was seen between 1:30 and 2 p.m. Sunday, March 31, 2008. He did not show up for traffic court or at his job at the Wood River Wal-Mart in following days. A couple weeks later, someone discovered his abandoned, green 2004 F150 Ford pickup truck parked on a lot in the 2900 block of Camp Jackson Road in Cahokia, wiped clean of fingerprints.
Womack's family said he had no reason to be in the Cahokia area and knew of no enemies he might have had. Among his numerous relatives in the Alton area at that time were his unborn son, five young daughters, his mother and siblings.
With police investigating, the family also conducted its own searches and media pleas for information. So far, all efforts have been fruitless. Pittman said an Alton detective told her this week they have no new information in the case.
As they consistently have done since Womack's disappearance, his family urges anyone with information to call Alton police at 618-463-3505.
"There is someone out there that knows something, speak up please, go to the police and tell them what you know," urged one of Womack's younger sisters, Brittany Robinson, 31.
His mother, Marchelle Pittman, echoed her daughter's sentiments.
"I really miss my son, I am his mother, this hurts," she said. "I just really pray and hope that someone will come forward with information regarding what happened to my son, and lead to his whereabouts."
Another of Womack's younger sisters, Shytia Pittman, 32, likewise continues to miss her big brother.
"I miss my brother dearly," she said. "He always had my back when he was home, and I feel like he still does. That is what keeps me going. I just can't wait until I can physically hold him in my arms again."
As Thursday's painful anniversary approached, the family hoped this will be the last time they have to face the date without knowing what happened to their loved one.
"As his family, we sometimes look at this as being a bad nightmare that we wonder if we'll ever wake up from," Apryll Pittman said. "That's due to the doubt and despair that creeps in and the fear of not knowing — not knowing if he's dead or alive, or if he'll one day come running up to us with his big smile asking where's the family? And where's the food? Then we have this surge of hope, faith, and peace in the situation that helps us remind ourselves that we can get through this, we can be strong, in due time we'll get answers.
"We lean on that hope, faith, peace and all the willpower we can muster up to get us through," she said. "It's pretty hard looking at my nieces' and my nephew's faces. They each have a part of him, rather it be eyes, nose, smile, exact same scar, body shape, stature or personality. It's just blows us away. Those faces keep us going."
The family has heard of recent identification of a torso found at a rest stop in Missouri in 2004 as being that of Altonian Deanna Howland, who was 35 when killed; recovery of the body of Heather Bardsley, 42, from the Mississippi River after being missing for nearly two months; and a man's body near Bunker Hill; and, 19 months ago, a mummified corpse discovered inside a car parked under a carport in the 2700 block of Powhattan Street.
Neither of the men's bodies was that of Womack.
"It is very hard for us when others go missing, because we can actually feel what that family is feeling," Pittman said. "We know what they are going through. We pray hard for their family. There have been recent cases that have been solved. That gives us hope, although we hope for the brighter side. We continue to pray that God tugs on someone's heart to come forward."
Reach Linda N. Weller at 618-208-6450 or on Twitter @Linda_Weller


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Donald Trump Calls Omarosa A 'Low Life' Ahead Of Release Of Tell-All Book, 'Unhinged'
Dennis Van Tine/STAR MAX/IPxAP Images
After the 2016 presidential election, in an interview with the Independent Journal Review, Omarosa Manigault-Newman said that the Trump had a long memory and that his team was keeping a list of their enemies.
Little did she know that she would become a likely candidate for that list after losing her position at The White House. USA Today reports that Donald Trump has called his former Director of African American Outreach, a "low life."
At a biker's rally in Bedminster, New Jersey, the president was asked whether he felt betrayed by Omarosa ahead of the release of her new tell-all book, Unhinged: An Insider Account of the Trump White House.
"Lowlife," Trump said.
"She's a lowlife."
As the Inquisitr previously reported, Omarosa makes some damning claims about President Trump in the book. She says that Trump used racial slurs like the "N-word" during tapings of his reality show The Apprentice and that there are tapes of him saying it. She tempers the claim by stating that she hadn't heard the tapes themselves but that she learned about the recordings from more than one of her contacts.
Omarosa also alleges that Trump used racially insensitive language to refer to Kellyanne Conway's half-Filipino husband, George Conway.
But that's just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the strange allegations in Unhinged.
Reporter: "Do you feel betrayed by Omarosa?"
President Trump: "Lowlife. She's a lowlife." pic.twitter.com/UeRgHSdYGJ
— MSNBC (@MSNBC) August 11, 2018
A previous Inquisitr article also notes that Omarosa has claimed that Donald Trump eats paper. She says that she saw the Commander-in-Chief eat a piece of paper after a meeting with his then personal attorney, Michael Cohen. She suggests that it might have been part of a secret document because of the meeting with Cohen.
The Washington Post reports that a White House source confirmed that the former Apprentice contestant walked in on the meeting and that she was told off for it.
According to the Post, an excerpt from Unhinged also claims that Lara Trump, the President's daughter-in-law, and adviser offered Omarosa a job after she was fired from The White House. The salary for the job was reportedly lucrative but she would have had to sign a non-disclosure agreement. The Trump campaign has not commented on the story.
But CNN reports that The White House has called Omarosa a "disgruntled former employee" who is trying to make a buck off of fake stories.
"Instead of telling the truth about all the good President Trump and his administration are doing to make America safe and prosperous, this book is riddled with lies and false accusations," Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said in a statement, as reported by CNN.
Unhinged: An Insider Account of the Trump White House by Omarosa Manigault-Newman goes on sale on August 14.
JUST IN: Trump bashes Omarosa before the release of her explosive memoir: "She's a lowlife" https://t.co/PlS3e8b8CD pic.twitter.com/cBX45GHF0r


With Alice and the boys. They wasn't ready lol!
I could get use to that life .. I love goodies!!
My last day of Fashion Week I spent at the Fashionblogger Café and it's always so much fun to be there. Since the last time I got to visit in summer I always looking forward to it.
All the fashion talk, connecting and getting to know new bloggers and so on is so exciting.
And let me tell you something ... there is no better place to be around people like yourself who share the same passion. Nobody's gonna look weird at you because of you taking so much pictures of one thing or in general if you try to capture every single moment. Basically the only blogger event I love to visit during Fashion Week and since it takes place at the last day of Fashion Week there's always gonna be so much stuff to discuss on. From shows to all the experiences gained during the week.
This time they had a special.. The talented blogger and designer Alice from I Heart Alice presented her new line in form of a installation. It was different than all the shows I got to see on the runway. I would say that it was even more interesting because you had a perfect view on all the pieces like in 3D and not from a far angle. Loved it! My favourite of her designs was definetely the lace bralet and bottom. I mean didn't the model look just beautiful? Shoutout to the models because they really did a good job and didn't get bothered of us sometimes annoying bloggers taking like a hundred pictures of them over and over again. Seriously!
Along with that installation of Alice new line there were also the UK brand New Look, blendamed, CD & the accessoiries brand Mollerus presented. Was fun talking to all of them and looking forward to work with them soon.
All in all I'm glad that the whole week is finally over. After all the drama and fun we enjoyed some good company of delicious cocktails (mine was the Strawberry Cooler .. so yum!) at a quite chilly café where we spent the rest of our day. The week has been amazing and I am so happy that I could meet such amazing people but it wasn't easy though. It's something that you can do twice a year but I don't think that I could do this every day. It's sometimes really nervwracking and a lot stressful but still in a good way..you get me?
Hope you enjoyed my whole Fashion Week posts as I did. Until next time in summer ..Yayy!


Welche Vorteile bietet Unified Communications?
Arkadin awarded the fastest growing company in Asia. Singaporean VIP honored the French Pavilions with their presence such as RADM (NS) Lui Tuck Yew, Acting Minister for Information, Communication and the Arts, who visited Grass Valley on the first day of the show.
During the networking event organised at FCCS booth, we had the great pleasure to welcome members of the IDA and SiTF.
Thanks to successful partnership with MDA (Media Development Authority), Broadcastasia exhibitors had many opportunities to network with other companies and trade visitors during the MDA Partners Nite.
For the first year, the FCCS, Ubifrance and the French Embassy, have decided to support the exhibitors by granting 4 awards to French companies selected by a Franco-Singaporean jury board composed by representatives of Singtel Idea Factory, MDA, Mediacorp Technologies, ARCEP Board and IDA. The ICT Awards have been presented by H.E. Olivier Caron, Ambassador of France to Singapore during a wonderful evening at One Fullerton.
Technologies such as IT services, telecommunications equipment, mobile TV, HDTV, IPTV and Digital TV were some of the highlights offered under the French technology.


Music events for Arts week (3rd-9th February, 6th week) are now confirmed!
Wednesday 7:30pm Chapel: CONCERT. VIVALDI - Gloria. MARCELLO - Oboe Concerto. Enjoy two Baroque masterpieces in the beautiful surroundings of Somerville Chapel. The week's musical highlight!
Friday (time TBC) in Chapel: the ALTERNATIVE RECITAL Open to anyone who wants to take the spotlight!
Every week day at Dinner there will be musical accompaniment!
For more info, check out our Facebook group.