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"When You Believe" is a song from the 1998 DreamWorks musical animated feature The Prince of Egypt. It was written and composed by Stephen Schwartz. A pop single version of "When You Believe", with additional music and lyrics by writer-producer Kenneth Edmonds (Babyface), was also recorded for the film by American singers Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey for the film's end credits and its soundtrack album by DreamWorks Records. Additionally, the song serves as the soundtrack's lead single on November 2, 1998 and for both Houston's fourth studio album, My Love Is Your Love by Arista Records and Carey's first compilation album, #1's by Columbia Records. The original version of the song, featured in the narrative portion of the film, is performed by Sally Dworsky, Michelle Pfeiffer, and a children's choir (children's choir soloist: Andrew Bryan). "When You Believe" is described as a big ballad, with meaningful and inspirational lyrics, describing the ability each person has to achieve miracles when they reach out to God and believe.

The song received generally positive reviews from music critics and experienced moderate success, peaking at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100, despite heavy media attention and live promotion. It achieved better charting throughout Europe and other nations, reaching number one in Hungary, peaking within the top five in Belgium, France, Iceland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. "When You Believe" was awarded the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 71st annual ceremony on March 21, 1999. Prior to their performance of the song that night, Schwartz left Babyface's name off the nomination submission sheet. He felt that because the additions Babyface added to the song were not featured in the actual film version, he did not deserve writing credits. However, while Babyface did not receive the Oscar, Carey and Houston performed his version of the song, because they were more familiar with it than the one in the film. Prior to their performance at the Academy Awards, they sang it on November 26, 1998, on The Oprah Winfrey Show, promoting the song, as well as both their albums.

The song featured two music videos. The first and most commonly seen video was filmed at Brooklyn Academy of Music performing arts center. The video features both singers, and begins with Houston and Carey performing in a large auditorium, giving the illusion of a concert. Towards the end of the video, clips of the film are projected onto a large screen at the concert, while they belt out the final verse. The alternate video was only released on NBC's special, When You Believe: Music Inspired by the Prince of Egypt, broadcast on December 13, 1998. It features a similar synopsis, with both singers performing on a large stage of an old Egyptian pyramid.

Background and recording

When Carey compiled her first compilation effort, #1's, "When You Believe" was included in the track listing. According to Carey, the song was included because she felt it was "a miracle" that she and Houston collaborated on a record. During the development of All That Glitters (a film Carey was working on at the time, later known as Glitter), she had been introduced to DreamWorks co-owner Jeffrey Katzenberg, who asked her if she would record the song "When You Believe" for the soundtrack of the animated film The Prince of Egypt. Houston, on the other hand, was introduced to the project through Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds, with whom she had been collaborating on her album, My Love Is Your Love. After they were shown the film separately, both became very enthusiastic about participating in the project.

The song was co-written by Stephen Schwartz and Kenneth Edmonds, who also produced the song. Edmonds expressed how he went through more than one version of the song and described its production as a beautiful movie ballad that was something different from anything he, Carey, or Houston had ever previously recorded. In an interview with Vibe, Carey said that she "liked [the song] the way it was". She had characterised it as "a very big ballad but in an inspirational way" and denied speculation that there had been past rivalry or animosity between her and Houston prior to its recording: "I never even really talked to her until this. We never had any issues between us. The media and everybody made it an issue." In an interview with Ebony, Houston spoke about her relationship with Carey:
I enjoyed working with her very much. Mariah and I got along very great. We had never talked and never sang together before. We just had a chance for camaraderie, singer-to-singer, artist-to-artist, that kind of thing. We just laughed and talked and laughed and talked and sang in between that ... It's good to know that two ladies of soul can still be friends. We talked about doing other things together, enterprise-wise, which is cool, because she's got a good, vivid mind, that girl. She's a smart lady. I really like Mariah.
While the pair continued to express their positive feelings for one another, tabloids began writing the opposite. There were claims that the two bore ill will against each other, and that they had to record the song separately due to constant tension. While media speculation grew as the film's release date drew near, both singers maintained that they had become close friends, and had only the most positive things to say about each other.

Lyrical content
The Prince of Egypt is an adaptation of the Biblical story of the Exodus. "When You Believe" is sung in the film by characters Tzipporah and Miriam, and a chorus of people departing from the slavery of Egypt to the Red Sea and the Promised Land. The protagonists of this ballad recall tough times that have caused them to question their own faith: they have prayed for many nights to God, but those prayers have seemed to remain unanswered, and now they wonder if their faith has been only a waste of time. Nevertheless, the main characters realize that although the times may be difficult, their faith should remain strong. As a bridge, a chorus of children sings excerpts of the Song of the Sea in Hebrew.

The original draft of the song used the lyric "you can do miracles when you believe", but this seemed to imply that the believer, not God, was responsible for performing miracles; the lyric was later changed to "there can be miracles when you believe".

Houston had sung in a church choir while growing up, and Carey had always connected to her faith through music, especially during any difficult times. This song became one of the many reasons that both singers were so interested in the project. They each felt that spreading faith in God was an important and honorable aspect of their career. While describing the song's lyrics and message, Houston said the following in an interview with Ebony:
A powerful ballad; [songwriter] Stephen Schwartz is a genius. You have to be a child of God to understand the depth of this song. Mariah and I did it as we felt it. We both felt very connected to the song because of our background. What can I say? (It is) Just a beautiful song. What a lyric! I can't talk about it—just listen to it.

Composition

Originally, Schwartz composed the film version of "When You Believe", which was sung in the film by the characters of Tzipporah (Michelle Pfeiffer) and Miriam (Sally Dworsky).  It featured some different instrumentation from the original, and used a children's choir singing lines from the book of Exodus (the Song of the Sea) in Hebrew.

In order to give the song a wider radio and pop appeal, Edmonds changed some of the song's instrumentals and replaced the children's choir with a gospel one. His version was considered more "commercial" and would make the song "help sell the movie". Schwartz's original version was titled "When You Believe", while Edmonds' enhanced version was titled "The Prince of Egypt (When You Believe)". "When You Believe" is a slow tempo ballad, which incorporates pop, soul and R&B genres. A key change separates Houston and Carey's solo parts in the song. During the last bridge and chorus, gospel inspired background singers join the song, giving it a "layered sound" while Houston and Carey's voice switch off belting the bridge. After "When You Believe" was written, Babyface added additional instrumentation, as well as a final bridge.

The song is set in common time. Houston's verse is written in the key of B minor and features a basic chord progression of A-G1, and the song modulates to D major for her chorus. Her vocals in the song range from the note of F3 to F5. Carey's verse is set in the same key, but the song changes to E major for her chorus. Her vocal range in the song spans from the low note of E3 to the high note of A5 The song's key changes again in the last chorus, to F-sharp major. Steve Jones from USA Today called the song a "soaring duet" and felt that the song would be able to appeal to many types of listeners and "cross all genres." The beginning section of the song closely resembles the tune of Dance of the Yao People, composed by Liu Tieshan and Mao Yuan in 1952.

Critical reception
"When You Believe" was generally well-received by critics, who favorably described the track as "epic", "powerful", "beautiful", "stunning", "bombastic", and "a devout duet". Chuck Taylor of Billboard wrote, "The Babyface-stamped track is indeed lovely, offering an instantly accessible chorus and a squeaky clean message of "all things are possible when you believe in your dreams." He added, "The genuine story in this track is the return of Houston, who sounds fantastic—as clear and confident as ever." Another editor, Paul Verna stated that it is a "high-powered" duet, and later highlighted the song while reviewing Houston's album. However, some reviewers were not as enthusiastic. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic called it "unexpected -- and unexpectedly dull", while David Browne complained it has "so much sap, maple trees will be jealous", particularly dismissing the song's religious aspect as "insipid" and its inspirational message forced and generic. Two decades later, the song was ranked the 96th best Carey song by Billboard, the second-best pop song of the 1990s by Elle, and the 42nd best track of any genre of the decade by Insider.

Chart performance
The song performed moderately in the United States, despite a performance of The Oprah Winfrey Show and the 71st annual Academy Awards. It peaked at number 15 on the Hot 100 and number three on Billboards Adult Contemporary Chart. On March 24, 1999, after fluctuating in the US charts, the song was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting shipments of over 1,000,000 units. In Canada, the song debuted on the RPM Singles Chart at number 66 on the RPM issue dated December 7, 1998, and peaked at number 20 on the chart issue dated January 25, 1999. It was present on the chart for a total of ten weeks.

The song performed moderately in Australia, where it entered at number 25 on the ARIA Singles Chart during the week of December 6, 1998. It remained on the chart for 14 weeks, spending its last week on the chart at number 50; it was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipments of over 35,000 units. In New Zealand, it peaked at number eight on the singles chart, and spent nine weeks fluctuating in the singles chart. "When You Believe" experienced its highest charting in Europe. In Belgium, it reached number five on the Flanders Ultratop 50, and peaked at number four and spent 20 weeks on the Wallonian Ultratop 40. During the week of December 5, 1998, "When You Believe" entered the Dutch Top 40 at number fifty-four. The song spent twenty-one weeks on the singles chart and was peaked at number four. Due to strong single sales, the song entered the Finnish Singles Chart at number 10, however, it only spent one week in the chart. In France, the song entered the French Singles Chart at number 14 on December 5, 1998 and eventually peaked at number five. After spending 20 weeks fluctuating in the singles chart, it was certified silver by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP). In Germany, it peaked at number eight on the German Singles Chart and was certified gold by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie, denoting shipments of over 250,000 units. The song peaked at number seven in Ireland, where it spent 11 weeks in the Irish Singles Chart.

In Norway, "When You Believe" entered at number three on the VG-lista chart and peaked at number two, spending three consecutive weeks at the position. It was certified platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) and spent 15 weeks on the chart. The song peaked at number two in Sweden and Switzerland, spending 20 and 24 weeks on the singles charts, respectively. The IFPI certified the song platinum in Sweden and gold in Switzerland. "When You Believe" experienced high charting in the United Kingdom. It peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart during the week of December 19, 1998 and spent 14 weeks on the chart. As of 2010, sales of the song in the UK are estimated at 260,000 units.

 Music videos
The single's music video was filmed at the Brooklyn Academy of Music during the fall of 1998. The video begins with Houston entering a small arena as she begins to sing the song's first verse. As she finishes her part, Carey appears on the stage as well, performing the second verse and chorus. The video is set in a dark studio accented by Egyptian settings, backdrops, and scenes inspired by The Prince of Egypt. An audience is on hand to emulate a concert-like-setting, cheering on both singers. Occasionally, home video clips of Carey and Houston appear throughout the video, as well as clips of the final moments of the film, during the splitting of the Red Sea. The video ends as the room is illuminated, and the two singers are joined by a large choir. As they complete the song, Carey and Houston receive a standing ovation from the crowd, and exit the studio together, walking side by side as they disappear in the distance. For the video, Carey and Houston both donned similar low-cut black gowns, while Carey sported a long straight hairstyle, and Houston a pixie cut.

The song's alternate video features a similar synopsis, where Houston begins singing the song on a large stone altar in the middle of an auditorium. As she finishes her verse, Carey is seen walking up the ramp in the background, joining Houston for her verse. They continue singing the song together, standing side by side and holding hands. After completing the song, both singers exit the auditorium together as in the first video, simulating two friends enjoying time with each other. Both videos are very similar, only the alternate version does not feature an audience, choir or images, only the duo singing together atop the stone altar.

 Live performances
The duo performed the song live on The Oprah Winfrey Show on November 26, 1998. Aside from the joint performance, Houston and Carey sang their own singles at the time, "I Learned from the Best" and "I Still Believe", respectively. Additionally, they sang the song live at the 71st Annual Academy Awards on March 21, 1999. Before the performance, they were due to rehearse together a few days before their scheduled appearance. Houston however, called in sick and had to miss the rehearsal.  Reportedly, her excuse was not taken well, with academy executives calling it a "bullshit story." Conti, the academy's musical arranger, found a young female singer to take Houston's place, Janis Uhley. Before the performance, Carey walked down the stage in a white top and jeans, while choreographer Debbie Allen led the background singers. As they began the performance, Carey forgot the lyrics and stopped, as Uhley began singing in a "theatricality and gusto". Her boastful performance was not taken well by the directors, who called it "inappropriate and unnerving". After she was removed from the stage, a new date was chosen for the rehearsal, one that would accommodate both Houston and Carey.

The next night, after they began the rehearsal, both singers had trouble performing the film version of the song. After hours of practice and confusion, they reached a compromise; they would sing a mash-up of the film and single versions, which featured an additional bridge and instrumentation by Edmonds. For the Oscar ceremony, Houston and Carey wore matching white gowns, symbolizing "humbleness and simplicity." Houston entered the arena, performing her verse, followed by Carey. As the song's finale drew near, a full gospel choir joined the performance from large suspending golden scaffolding, all wearing large white tunics. After the original was nominated for the Academy Award, Schwartz refused to give Edmonds writing credits in nomination forms submitted to the academy.

In 2016, Carey performed the song on her Sweet Sweet Fantasy Tour solo as Houston had died four years prior to the tour.

 Awards and nominations

 Track listings and formats

 European CD single "When You Believe" (Album Version) – 4:35
 "When You Believe" (TV Track) – 4:35
 U.S. CD single "When You Believe" (Album Version) – 4:38
 "When You Believe" (Instrumental) – 4:30
 European CD maxi-single "When You Believe (Album Version)" – 4:35
 "I Am Free" – 3:08
 "You Were Loved" – 4:09

 Japanese CD maxi-single When You Believe" (Album Version) – 4:35
 "When You Believe" (TV Track) – 4:32
 "I Am Free" – 3:08
 "You Were Loved" – 4:11
 U.K. CD maxi-single'''
 "When You Believe" (Album Version) – 4:35
 "Sweetheart" (The M!'s Pounding Vocal) – 9:43
 "You Were Loved" – 4:09

 Charts

 Weekly charts

 Year-end charts

 Certifications and sales

 Release history

 Cover versions

"When You Believe" was performed by American Idol contestant and winner Candice Glover on the twelfth season of the show. A studio recording of the song was also released as a single on iTunes.
Glover performed "When You Believe" on American Idol on the "Divas" theme night on April 17, 2013.
Glover's performance was met with praise from the show's judges and it was generally considered the best performance of the night. Rolling Stone wrote that Glover "got judges on their feet" with her "impeccable" performance. Nicki Minaj exclaimed at the end of the performance that "And that is how you do a Mariah Carey/Whitney Houston song". Likewise, Billboard called Glover's performance "best single showing of the night" and commented on the vocal delivery that "she knows precisely when to hit the sweet spot of a song, building up to that point with masterful restraint". MTV News commented that Glover "positively slay[ed]" the song.

The song was recorded by Irish musical ensemble Celtic Woman and released as a single from their fifth studio album Celtic Woman: Songs from the Heart (2010). The song also appears on the Japanese release of their seventh studio album Celtic Woman: Believe (2011). The song features lead vocals from one of the group's singers Chloë Agnew.
In an interview for Chicago Music Magazine, Chloë Agnew described the lyrics of the song as "really incredible". She stated that "It is a songs that I listen to and wish I had written. It's really so special. I think a lot of people have found strength and hope in the lyrics. It's been really rewarding to meet and talk to people at our meet and greet events come up and tell me how much that song means to them and how it has helped them". Irish singer Chloë Agnew recorded the track for her debut album Chloë (2002).

In 2011, the first season winner of The X Factor, Melanie Amaro covered this song during the live performance. In 2014, the song was performed live by Teodora Sava when she was 13 years old, in duet with Nico, as special guests of the Romanian kids talent show Next Star. Pentatonix and Maren Morris covered the song for Pentatonix's 2018 Christmas album Christmas Is Here!. Their cover is also featured on The Best of Pentatonix Christmas.

American Belz Hasidic singer Shulem Lemmer covered the song, in his album The Perfect Dream, released in 2019. Cynthia Erivo and Shoshana Bean, with piano accompaniment by Stephen Schwartz, performed the song as part of the Saturday Night Seder on April 11, 2020. This version was then released as a single on June 30, 2020. Swede Isak Danielson, released a version as a single in November 2020.

 Leon Jackson version

"When You Believe" was recorded by The X Factor winner Leon Jackson in December 2007, with slightly altered lyrics in the second verse, removing some religious overtones within the song. The single was available to download from midnight after the result of the show on December 15, 2007, and a CD was rush-released mid-week, on December 19, 2007. This was unusual as most new singles were released on a Monday to gain maximum sales for the UK Singles Chart the following Sunday. Exceptions included the previous two X Factor winners whose were singles released in this fashion, in order for them to compete to be the Christmas number-one single, which they all became. A video for the single was made by each of the final four of the series; Jackson, Rhydian Roberts, Same Difference, and Niki Evans. However, only the winner's version of the song and video was released.

The song ended 2007 as the year's fourth biggest-selling single in the UK and remained number one into 2008. However, it only managed to stay in the top 40 for seven weeks, despite being atop the chart for three weeks. It also soon disappeared from the top 100, and was gone by late February.

 Music video
The music video, like previous X Factor winners singles, is very simple, with Jackson singing the song in front of a large projection, with swooping shots of various landscapes behind him. It also features several clips from his time in The X Factor'', from his first audition to the moment he was announced the winner and performed his single to close the series. Simon Cowell, Sharon Osbourne, Dannii Minogue, Louis Walsh, Dermot O'Leary and runner-up Rhydian Roberts all feature within the clips.

Chart performance
On December 23, 2007, it debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, making it the coveted Christmas number one with sales of over 275,000 copies. It stayed at number one for three weeks until it fell down to number five on its fourth week and then fell another ten places to number fifteen in its fifth week. According to The Official Charts Company, the song has sold 506,000 copies in the UK as of December 2012.  Additionally, It also spent three weeks at the top of the Irish Singles Chart.

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

See also
 List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 2000s
 List of number-one singles of 2007 (Ireland)

References

External links

 When You Believe at Discogs
 When You Believe (Leon Jackson) at Discogs

1990s ballads
1998 singles
1998 songs
2007 debut singles
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songs
Christmas number-one singles in the United Kingdom
Contemporary R&B ballads
Gospel songs
Irish Singles Chart number-one singles
Leon Jackson songs
Mariah Carey songs
Music videos directed by Mary Lambert
Music videos directed by Phil Joanou
Number-one singles in Hungary
Number-one singles in Scotland
Pop ballads
Song recordings produced by Babyface (musician)
Songs from The Prince of Egypt
Songs written by Babyface (musician)
Songs written by Stephen Schwartz (composer)
Soul ballads
Whitney Houston songs
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
Female vocal duets
The X Factor (British TV series)
DreamWorks Records singles
Arista Records singles
Columbia Records singles
Syco Music singles

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The Bachelor of Science in Music Industry Studies at University of the Pacific is the first degree of its kind in the region that has been designed to prepare students for success in the new music industry. With guidance from a host of alumni and music industry executives that know what skills and capabilities they are seeking, the Conservatory of Music has developed a cutting edge program that merges practice with theory along with intensive, hands-on training and internships to give students the knowledge and resilience to succeed in the fast-paced environment that is the music industry.
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If you have a passion for being a part of the new music industry and believe you have the drive, determination and enthusiasm for actively learning how to identify, facilitate and promote a wide range of artistic endeavors, the Bachelor of Science in Music Industry Studies will help you to become well-prepared for success in tomorrow's music industry.
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Veteran Middle East scholar David Makovsky has joined the team of US Middle East peace envoy Martin Indyk as a strategist and senior advisor.
Makovsky formally joined Indyk's team and started working at Foggy Bottom today, a State Department official told Al-Monitor Monday.
Indyk has been expanding his team as the U.S. prepares to step up its role in trying to facilitate an Israeli-Palestinian final status peace agreement. Israeli media reported Monday that US Secretary of State John Kerry will travel again to Israel late next week.
Makovsky, a former journalist, has most recently served as a fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, where he directed the project on the Middle East peace process. He has also taught as an adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS).


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Pension Schemes Bill Receives Royal Assent
On 11 February 2021, the Pension Schemes Bill received Royal Assent and became the Pension Schemes Act 2021. Its passage through parliament following its introduction in October 2019 garnered much attention given some of the rather surprising elements of the proposed criminal offences which remain unchanged in the Act. Now that the Act has received Royal Assent, it's a good time for parties to take stock of what happens next and what the implications of some of the key changes made by the Act are, which we touch on in this special edition of the UK: Pensions Update.
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Xena: Since Mom hasn't been going to those work places, me and Lucy have had her full attention all day, every day.
Lucy: You have a distorted since of time, sister. Mom has been on her computer job hunting and reading blogs from our friends, and cleaning and doing other stuff.
Xena: Well, yesterday and today she took us to the dog park for 87 hours and we had a blast! The temperature was finally cool enough in the morning that we didn't have heat strokes.
Lucy: I did love to run, run, run with everyone. And I watched for new dogs coming in so I could make new friends. Xena: Yep, you rolled on your back, Lucy Goosey, and waved your paws while I hopped up and down and barked at them. Lucy: Did you even notice that both days, you were the only one barking? Mom calls you the Mouth of the South, but everyone at the park called me Sweet.
Xena: How could I notice, Luce the Sweet Goose? I couldn't hear anything over my own barking! Hey, did you see me chase that giant American Bulldog that came in last? He had big junk hanging between his back legs like Achilles used to have.
Lucy: I saw you, and so did Mom. We were both watching to be sure you didn't turn into dog chow. I know you saw him knock over that other dog who was about your size and growl and slobber all over his black furs. We left a few minutes after that. Xena: Yep, he knew not to mess with me. It was a lot of fun to run with you and the other big dogs, though. And today I got to rule over Gracy, the Pyrenees mix.
Lucy: That reminds me, why are you in the big dog side?
Xena: Mommy said you are too big to be allowed into the small dog side, and there is only one of her, so I had to play with the big dogs. I kept up with everyone, too. I'm 87 months younger than you, so I have tons more energy. Last night you totally crashed.
Xena: If you can't run with the big dogs… stay on the porch – or the little dog side of the park.
It's just as well. You always have to be on the lookout for the mean clunkerhead that ruins the day.
Looks like a fun outing for the Dawgs of the South. Have fun running circles around effurry-one.
Terriers are dogs that are five times their physical size, at least.
We have given up on dog parks. It is not worth the anxiety for mom because we do not play well with others.
It sounds like dog parks weren't any fun for any of you. Come to think of it, I have never seen a scottie at a dog park.
Xena…MOLMOL once years ago mom's cousin from the north started calling her the Mouth of the South. I'm so glad you had fun at the dog park.
Be careful around the big dogs, X. They're not all like your sister.
It sounds like you two really enjoyed your outings this week. The cooler weather seems to bring out the best in everyone,,.Hope Mom finds a new position soon.
We've had a blast, Granny, and guess what, we're going back again in a little while!
Girls, you sure make me smile. Glad you had fun at the dog park.
We sure did! And we're going to go get muddy, er, have fun again today!


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Once an Airstreamer, Always an Airstreamer
San Diego is home to the Marine Corps Recruit Depot where over 21,000 enlisted recruits a year receive their initial training in the United States Marine Corps, whose motto is Semper Fidelis* (Always Faithful). The official motto of the Marine Corps League is "Once a Marine, Always a Marine." For many of us who have or had an Airstream, that special esprit de corps rings true to us Airstreamers and is the theme in Rich Luhr's post, One community, indivisible …, "I'll keep touting the message that no matter which Airstream you own, you're a part of Airstream Life. Special interest groups within the Airstream community are cool, but in the end we're all people united by a common love of travel, adventure, learning, socializing and —well, to be honest—eating."
Airstream… it all started with a dream, words, and actions of Wally Byam as seen in Airstream's new video, Airstream Anthem: The Creed.* Our Airstream adventure began nearly eleven years ago with a trip to Southwest Coaches where we placed a custom order for an Airstream Safari trailer. We entered a world of enjoying nature, stars, rainbows, sunrises, sunsets, birds, turkeys, bighorn sheep, sights and trails and meeting people and sharing ideas and food while appreciating the iconic beauty, form and function of Airstream.
Ten years ago this month, we began our annual fall-winter-spring camping season with a trip to William Heise County Park in San Diego's Cuyamaca Mountains. This trip is documented in my "SilverGate's Safari is Home at Last!" thread, starting with post #295, which includes turkeys, the Plague Doctor, Día de los Muertos decorations, Flamingo Hat, cooking and a visit to the nearby town of Julian and the gravesite of Marshal South. All of this came 3 months before I "welcomed aboard" readers to my first History Safari Express blog post in January, 2008!
After 10 years of camping in San Diego's beautiful beach, mountain, and desert sites, we listened to our minds and bodies and decided to lessen our workload and stress by selling our Airstream to a younger family who will use and love this Airstream as we have (See The Selling of our Airstream trailer). We are currently researching the 2018 Toyota RAV4 Hybrid* as an alternative compact crossover sport utility vehicle to continue to enjoy our day trips (RAV4 stands for "Recreational Activity Vehicle: 4-wheel drive") . Although we don't intend to tow, it's nice to know that the 2018 RAV4 Hybrid can tow 1,750 pounds (enough for a Wolf Pack*) and the 2018 RAV4 Adventure all-wheel drive can tow up to 3,500 pounds (enough for a Basecamp or Nest, expected early 2018)!
So this "always an Airstreamer" will continue to go places and celebrate the esprit de corps of the Airstream community, indivisible, and Airstream Life by covering Airstream-related items on this blog, including highlights of past trips and tips, news and views, seasonal celebrations, interesting videos, and new, exciting products such as the all new 2018 Airstream Atlas B+, Airstream's most luxurious Touring Coach to date. See the videos: Airstream Spotlight: 2018 Atlas Touring Coach* and Colonial Airstream's Patrick Botticelli's Walk Through 2018 Airstream Atlas B+ Touring Coach Mercedes Sprinter RV.*
Written by Bill D. · Categorized: Airstream, San Diego
Wash, Wax and Corgi Day at the Beach!
While some are winterizing, we are washing and waxing our Safari Airstream travel trailer for the beginning of our fall-winter-spring camping season in the wonderful mountains and deserts of Southern California, popular with snow birds as far away as Bigfork, Montana. A full report on how I wash and wax the trailer, along with a list of my tools, strategy, procedure, and the benefits, is seen in last year's post, "Wash, wax and treat II."
Once again, I wore my "Ridin' with Biden" hat, especially because I am on-board with his efforts to accelerate progress in preventing, detecting, and treating cancer with the goal of ending cancer as we know it. As a retired RN, I appreciate Joe Biden's passionate tribute to the nurses and all who fight cancer, as seen in the video, "Vice President Biden Delivers Remarks at the Cancer Moonshot Summit."*
Seven years ago, I had Mohs surgery to remove a skin cancer lesion from my face, so as the sun broke through the marine layer, I put on my trusty wide brim hat for better sun protection.
Our annual washing and waxing the trailer was completed ahead of schedule, so we took a day off and rewarded ourselves and our corgis Mac and Tasha with a day at the beach!
But it was not just any day, it was the 2016 Fall So Cal Corgi Nation Beach Day at Huntington Beach, California!
One thousand people with their corgis flocked to the beach for a day of excitement and sensory overload!
It is billed as the "THE BIGGEST CORGI PAWTY ON THE PLANET !!!"
Corgis played in the surf and on the beach.
Ryen, a popular vlogger, drove down from the San Francisco Bay Area with his famous corgi Gatsby* dressed as Batman for this event!
And fans lined up to meet them. See Ryen's vlog, "How Corgi Dog Changed My Life."*
See Ryen's video of the 2016 Fall Corgi Beach Day at Huntington Beach: 1,000 Corgis In Costume – World's Largest Corgi Party!, Life After College: Ep. 516.*
By the end of the day, we were all dead… tired… but with wonderful corgi memories to dream about!*
Written by Bill D. · Categorized: Health, Hiking, Home base, Ideas & tips, Larry, Maintenance, Our Safari, Pets, San Diego
Japanese Friendship Garden of San Diego
The Japanese Friendship Garden of San Diego is a jewel in the heart of Balboa Park, but could easily be overlooked by tourists Airstreaming into San Diego because much of it sprawls through a lower canyon below the nearby Organ Pavilion. This 12-acre garden opened to the public in 1991 and a third phase of development was completed last year, bringing in a 200 cherry tree grove, a large azalea and camellia garden, water feature and the beautiful Inamori Pavilion, built with Alaskan Yellow Cedar.
Per the Japanese Friendship Garden website, "The Japanese Friendship Garden ("the Garden") is an expression of friendship between San Diego and its sister city, Yokohama. It illustrates two cultures and creates an immersive experience into Japanese culture. The Garden's design is based on centuries-old Japanese techniques adapted to San Diego's climate and florae and seeks to foster a relationship between humans and nature, providing a respite attuned to Japanese simplicity, serenity, and aestheticism."
Next to the large Event Plaza seen above, is the Activity Room and Office with adjacent Light of Friendship and Bonsai Exhibit.
Larry points to sculptured areas of the this bonsai tree that help it appear much older than it actually is.
After viewing the koi pond and upper garden, we passed through the Charles C. Dail Memorial Gate to the lower gardens. We wound down a path to the dry waterfall and Dragon Bridge, which represents luck, fortune and longevity, per the Friendship Garden's Audio Strolling Tour of the Lower Canyon.
Japanese garden features and elements often include ishidoros (stone lanterns), curved bridges, and water features.
The waterfalls above with its Japanese black pine trees is seen from the deck of the Inamori Pavilion (seen below)
Our brochure states that "the curved pathways discourage evil spirits from entering the Garden and the roji, or stepping stone pathways help focus your attention on the present."
Further down the path, we got a bird's eye view of the 1400-square foot Inamori Pavilion, built through a gift from Dr. Kazuo Inamori, a Zen Buddhist priest and founder of the Kyocera Corporation. The pavilion is built in the traditional sukiya style of Japanese architecture.*
We passed by an ishidoro (lantern) and tsukubai (water basin) on the way out and look forward to returning to see the seasonal changes and especially the blossoming of the Japanese Cherry Trees in late winter and early spring.
See a more detailed tour of the Japanese Friendship Garden,* including a view of the karesansui (rock garden) from the Exhibit House, koi pond, and Chinese Flame Trees displaying rose-pink fruit, along with a visit to the Yokohama Friendship Bell on my post, "Japanese Friendship Garden: Oasis of serenity," on my sister blog, History Safari Expresso, a richer blend.
For a suggested plan for RVers is to see the many attractions in the metropolitan San Diego area, while staying at a nearby, local campground, see my post, "Airstream into San Diego and beyond."
Written by Bill D. · Categorized: Hiking, Larry, Local history, Plants, San Diego
Airstream into San Diego and beyond
San Diego region has year-round camping opportunities, excellent weather, and wonderful places to visit and, when coming here to do both, it's good and more enjoyable to have a plan, a two-part plan. Over the past eight years, we've enjoyed taking our Airstream Safari to our favorite San Diego beach, mountain, and desert camping spots, and while there, we frequently meet people new to the area who are interested in learning more about places to visit in the San Diego metropolitan area and where to stay while visiting friends and places there.
The first part of this suggested plan is to see the many attractions in the metropolitan San Diego area first, while staying at a nearby, local campground. The second part is to move to your ideal camping location away from the city, where you can enjoy hiking, swimming or relaxing at a beachside, mountain, or desert campground, depending on the season. To get your best camping locations and sites, it's best to make your reservations as early as possible. San Diego County's Sweetwater Summit Regional Park is a good starting point because it is only 10 miles southeast of downtown San Diego and has 112 campsites and its Summit Campground has 63 new sites with full hookups.* San Diego County Parks have a new look and feel.* The main advantage of this campground is that it's just 20-25 minutes away from many local attractions such as the beaches, Gaslamp Quarter, San Diego Zoo, Balboa Park, Sea Port Village, and Old Town.
While in the metropolitan area, you could bring your own lunch and have a happy time in Old Town.*
(Above photo credit: Charlie Chul Jung)
Or visit San Diego's beautiful and historic Balboa Park* and its many museums, such as theNAT and see its permanent exhibition, "Coast to Cactus", featuring an Airstream trailer!* (Parking is available in the park or nearby areas, including the San Diego Zoo parking lot.)
Checkout the flamingos and what's new at the San Diego Zoo, such as the Asian Leopards Habitat with Catwalks.*
Visit Cabrillo National Monument* with its Old Point Loma Lighthouse, hiking trails and tide pools.
Or take a 45-minute drive north to explore San Diego Zoo Safari Park* (formerly named San Diego Wild Animal Park).
After visiting the local San Diego attractions, you can then move to your preferred beach, mountain, or desert campground that you reserved ahead of time. During the summer, the coolest place to enjoy camping is one of our California State beach campgrounds, such as South Carlsbad State Beach. It is very popular and reservations for beachside camping often need to be made months in advance. Our favorite time to go is in May before the summer crowds.
Our favorite fall and spring campground is William Heise County Park in the mountains near Julian, California. We prefer the wooded, non-hookup sites in Area 2. Dogs on a leash are permitted on the scenic trails.
The desert is a great place to camp during the late fall, winter and early spring months. Anza-Borrego Desert State Park* is popular because of the resources of the nearby town of Borrego Springs.
Our favorite desert campground is Agua Caliente County Park because there is less traffic and it is not so crowded, especially during the weekdays. It has a therapeutic spa and pools, but dogs are not allowed on trails.
Written by Bill D. · Categorized: Airstream, Anza-Borrego, Beach camping, Ideas & tips, Mountain camping, San Diego, Wildlife
Airstream at theNAT
(Updated June 10, 2015)
Earlier this year, the San Diego Natural History Museum (theNAT) opened its new $9 million dollar, 8 thousand square-foot permanent exhibition, "Coast to Cactus in Southern California," just in time for Balboa Park's centennial celebration of the 1915 Panama-California Exposition.* This exhibit features the biodiversity of Southern California and includes an Airstream Bambi trailer made possible by the Hunte family.
TheNAT is located in San Diego's historic Balboa Park* and on the north entrance side is a huge Moreton Bay fig tree,* Ficus macrophylla, with sensitive roots that are protected by a chain-link fence, which underscores part of theNat's mission, "to inspire in all a respect for nature and the environment." TheNAT traces is roots to a group of amateur naturalists, who formed the San Diego Society of Natural History in 1874, making this the oldest scientific institution in southern California.
TheNAT's exhibits* help to further its mission "to promote understanding of the evolution and diversity of southern California and the peninsula of Baja California." The southern California region is one of 35 global hot spots having high concentrations of different species. The unique biodiversity of southern California is explained by theNAT's president and CEO, Dr. Michael Hager, who said in this KPBS interview* that our topographical features of a cool ocean current, a mountain range that limits desert rainfall (rain shadow effect), and streams that dissect our mesa tops (giving each canyon a unique habitat) play a big role in our biodiversity.
The "Coast to Cactus" exhibit* takes visitors on a journey through the diverse representative habitats of the region ranging from the coastal beaches, urban canyons, riversides, chaparral, valleys, and mountains to the desert, all within a single museum visit. As visitors approach the desert section, they see the Airstream trailer.
A 16-foot Airstream Bambi was positioned next to a large desert-in-bloom mural, and then a desert diorama and "Desert at Night" viewing area were built around it (see theNAT's time-lapse video*).
This Airstream trailer has an appearance of a naturalist's field station with a lantern, canteen, maps and labeled specimens on display, such as "Red Diamond Rattles" from a Red Diamond Rattlesnake, Crotalus ruber.*
On the other side of the Airstream trailer, visitors can experience what it's like to camp under the stars when the sun goes down and the desert comes alive during the multimedia mini theater presentation of "Desert at Night."* During the presentation, two children in a virtual tent hear and see creatures of the night and share their thoughts and feelings as they converse in both English and Spanish, or as some would say, Spanglish* (a regional way of speaking where two bilingual people move fluidly back and forth between English and Spanish), underscoring theNAT's appreciation of diversity theme. (All exhibits are in English and Spanish.)
Elizabeth Salaam, in her San Diego Reader article, "Press 1 for Spanglish," reports that theNAT's Exhibition Developer, Erica Kelly said, "We've kind of strived to create experiences more than lecturing." TheNAT's attempt to engage English and Spanish speakers at the same time illustrates theNAT's vision to "provide programs that are timely, user-friendly, and relevant to the real-life needs of the diverse populations of the San Diego-Baja California region today and tomorrow."
It's only natural for an Airstream trailer to be included in the desert section of the San Diego Natural History Museum's "Coast to Cactus" exhibit, because as CEO Michael Hager says, "Camping in the desert [and] Airstream kinda go together." It is especially appropriate that an Airstream trailer has a home in this permanent exhibition in San Diego because its iconic, aerodynamic design using monocoque aircraft technology was pioneered by Hawley Bowlus,* who supervised the construction of the Spirit of St. Louis in San Diego in 1927 and developed the first riveted aluminum trailer, the Road Chief, in 1934.
Michael Hager also says that he likes to think of theNAT as "the visitors center for the region," which encourages people to go out in nature and explore, have more questions, and then come back to learn more.
And when they are out there, I'm sure Airstream hopes they will have a riveting experience!*
Written by Bill D. · Categorized: Airstream, History, San Diego


text:
Home / Central Data Catalog / DIME / NGA_2011-2016_YOUWINIE_V02_M
Youth Enterprise With Innovation in Nigeria (YouWiN!) Program Impact Evaluation 2011-2016
Nigeria, 2011 - 2016
Impact Evaluation Surveys
Development Impact Evaluation (DIME)
David McKenzie
Created on July 26, 2019 Last modified July 26, 2019 Page views 55570 Download 54702 Documentation in PDF	Metadata DDI/XML JSON
NGA_2011-2016_YouWiNIE_v02_M
Nigeria NGA
Enterprise Survey
The Youth Enterprise With Innovation in Nigeria (YouWiN!) program is a large-scale national business plan competition for young entrepreneurs in Nigeria. The program is a collaboration between Nigeria's Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Communication Technology, and the Ministry of Youth Development with support from Department for International Development (DFID) and the World Bank. The program's objective is to encourage innovation and job creation through the establishment of new businesses and expansion of existing businesses.
The competition attracted almost 24,000 applicants. Random assignment was used to select some of the winners from a pool of semi-finalists, with US$36 million in randomly allocated grant funding providing each winner with an average of US$50,000.
The follow-up surveys targeted 3,139 individuals comprised of four groups who had applied to the first round of the YouWiN! competition. Baseline data was collected in December 2011 - January 2012. Four follow-up surveys were taken, approximately at yearly intervals after individuals had applied for the program. The last, fourth round, was conducted in July - November 2016.
- Entrepreneur
- Firm
Baseline and four follow-up rounds datasets
This version differs from version 01 in that it includes the following additional data set :
- VariablesRestrictedData.dta
The scope of the study includes:
- Business and business owners characteristics
- Employment in the firm
- Innovation and training
- Business financing
- Business practices
- Participation in government programs
- Businesses which have closed down
- Current work status of non-business owners
- Plans and progress towards starting a new business
Individuals in one of four categories of applicants to the YouWin business plan competition: I) winners in the treatment group; II) control group; III) non-experimental winners; IV) regression-discontinuity sample
David McKenzie World Bank Group
Funding Agency/Sponsor
Department for International Development DFID
World Bank Group WBG
WLSME Trust Fund
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
Ministry of Communication Technology
Ministry of Youth Development
The follow-up surveys targeted a total of 3,139 individuals comprised of four groups who had applied to the first round of the YouWiN! competition:
- 475 individuals selected as national or zonal winners of the competition, based on having the highest absolute scores on their business plans, or highest scores for their region. These are referred to as the national and zonal winner sample. Note this consists of all national and zonal winners except for the 5 disqualified plans.
- 729 individuals who were selected as ordinary winners of the competition through a random draw among individuals with the next highest scores. These are referred to as the experimental treatment sample. This does include individuals originally allocated to treatment who were subsequently disqualified.
- 1,112 individuals who had similar business plan scores as the ordinary winners, but were not selected in the random draw. These are referred to as the experimental control sample. Note 9 of these actually received treatment.
- 823 individuals who applied for the YouWiN! competition and had first round application scores just on either side of the cut-offs used to select people to attend the 4-day business plan training course. This group is referred to as the regression-discontinuity booster sample.
Random selection of the ordinary winners was designed as follows:
- First, among the semi-finalists, all those with business plan total scores below 30 were dropped, to maintain a minimum standard. This reduced the pool from 1,920 to 1,841 firms.
- Then a two-step stratified randomization was conducted in Stata to choose the ordinary winners.
74% follow-up 1
No weighting
2011-12 2012-01 Baseline
2012-11 2013-05 Follow-up 1
Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Field work for all survey rounds was carried out by TNS RMS Nigeria Limited.
The first follow-up survey took place between November 2012 and May 2013. The survey took place approximately one year after individuals had first applied to the program, 8 months or more after the winners had been announced, and an average of 5 to 6 months since the winners received their first tranche payment. Overall 2,323 interviews were completed, representing an overall response rate of 74 percent, with data on whether the business was in operation available for 2,420 individuals.
The second follow-up survey took place between October 2013 and February 2014, approximately two years after application and just as firms had received their last tranche payments. This was an even more intensive effort in data collection, and succeeded in completing 2,712 interviews, and getting information on business ownership and employees for 2,777 individuals (88.5%).
The third survey took place between September 2014 and February 2015. This corresponds to three years after application, and between 12 and 18 months after firms had received their last tranche payment from the program. 2,618 interviews were completed (83.4%) with information on business ownership and employees for 2,661 individuals.
The fourth round was carried out in July - November 2016. With the longer passage of time, more of the target sample had relocated to other states, or out of the country, and some firms were reluctant to participate. The main mode of surveying was face-to-face surveying, which took place at the business for those operating a business, and typically at the household for those without a business. 2,075 firms were interviewed with the full survey using this approach.
A second phase of CATI (computer-assisted telephone interviews) was carried out to collect data for firms which could not be interviewed using the face-to-face method. The survey was shortened for this group to make it possible by phone, with 404 firms interviewed using this method. This resulted in a total of 2,479 firms being interviewed (79.0%). Finally, for individuals who were unable to be interviewed, a final attempt was made to ascertain whether or not they currently operated a business, with 338 individuals providing operating status in this way.
TNS RMS Nigeria
Four rounds of questionnaires attached
David McKenzie World Bank Group dmckenzie@worldbank.org
Individually identifying information has been removed
Data is public access for research purposes only, with the standard provision that no attempt should be made to identify individual firms.
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download.
David McKenzie, World Bank Group. Youth Enterprise With Innovation in Nigeria (YouWiN!) Program Impact Evaluation 2011-2016, Ref. NGA_2011-2016_YouWiNIE_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
DDI_NGA_2011-2016_YouWiNIE_v02_M_WB
Development Data Group DECDG World Bank Group Documentation of the DDI
Version 02 (July 2019). This version is identical to version 01, except for the sections on Data Description and Documentation which were updated.


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ITEM: Battery Clamp for HYUNDAI / KIA MANUFACTURER: HYUNDAI / KIA GENUINE PARTS PART NO: 3716..
ITEM: USED Battery Sensor Assembly for 2011-2015 Hyundai Grandeur HG CONDITION :..
ITEM: USED BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM for 2012 Hyundai YF Sonata Hybrid CONDITION..
ITEM: Battery Sensor Assembly for KIA MANUFACTURER: HYUNDAI / KIA GENUINE PARTS PART NO: 3718..
ITEM: Battery Tray Assembly for KIA MANUFACTURER: HYUNDAI / KIA GENUINE PARTS PART NO: 37150A..


If i'm internet famous is it crazy to say that i insipired many events around the world ?
1 terabyte external Seagate does not come on and is not hooking up to computer need files, trying to boot it up on new computer? Help! Neither of the enter keys on my acer laptop are working. I have windows 10. All the other keys are fine? Where should i share my facebook page for likes? I don't have money to advertise? Is there a Yahoo Business like Google Business? I would like my small pilates studio website to get in the results of the Yahoo search engin? I want to download a movie I bought but don t know how?


text:
Travel within France is: Partially open. See details.
How to get from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne by train, bus, taxi or foot
Find Transport to Galerie Vivienne
Need a hotel room in Paris?
There are 5 ways to get from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne by train, bus, taxi or foot
Take the train from Gare du Nord to Châtelet les Halles
Line 39 bus via Magenta - Maubeuge
Take the line 39 bus from Magenta - Maubeuge to Bibliothèque Nationale
Line 39 bus
Take the line 39 bus from Gare du Nord to Bibliothèque Nationale
Take a taxi from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne
Walk from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne
What is the cheapest way to get from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne?
The cheapest way to get from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne is to line 39 bus via Magenta - Maubeuge which costs €1 - €2 and takes 25 min.
How do I get from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne the fastest?
The fastest way to get from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne is to taxi. Taking this option will cost €10 - €13 and takes 8 min.
Is there a direct bus between Gare du Nord and Galerie Vivienne?
Yes, there is a direct bus departing from Magenta - Maubeuge and arriving at Bibliothèque Nationale. Services depart every 15 minutes, and operate every day. The journey takes approximately 17 min.
Is there a direct train between Gare du Nord and Galerie Vivienne?
Yes, there is a direct train departing from Gare du Nord and arriving at Châtelet les Halles. Services depart every five minutes, and operate every day. The journey takes approximately 3 min.
How far is it from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne?
The distance between Gare du Nord and Galerie Vivienne is 2 km.
How do I travel from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne without a car?
The best way to get from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne without a car is to train which takes 14 min and costs €2 - €3.
How long does it take to get from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne?
The train from Gare du Nord to Châtelet les Halles takes 3 min including transfers and departs every five minutes.
Where do I catch the Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne bus from?
Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne bus services, operated by Bus RATP, depart from Magenta - Maubeuge station.
Where do I catch the Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne train from?
Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne train services, operated by Transilien, depart from Gare du Nord station.
Train or bus from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne?
The best way to get from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne is to train which takes 14 min and costs €2 - €3. Alternatively, you can line 39 bus via Magenta - Maubeuge, which costs €1 - €2 and takes 25 min.
Distance: 2 km
What companies run services between Gare du Nord, Île-de-France, France and Galerie Vivienne, France?
Transilien operates a train from Gare du Nord to Châtelet les Halles every 5 minutes. Tickets cost €2 - €3 and the journey takes 3 min. Alternatively, Bus RATP operates a bus from Magenta - Maubeuge to Bibliothèque Nationale every 15 minutes. Tickets cost €1 - €2 and the journey takes 17 min.
Transilien
Transilien is a suburban rail network operated by SNCF that departs from major Paris train stations and connects the Ile de France region. Transilien operates the following lines: RER A, B, C, D, and E; Transilien trains H, J, K, L, N, P, R and U; Tram 4 and 11 Express; and the Noctilien night bus. Tickets and passes can be purchased from 'Ile-de-France' ticket machines and desks in train, Metro and RER stations.
transilien.com
Train from Gare du Nord to Châtelet les Halles
Kidian Edinguélé
jean-louis Zimmermann
Transilien interior
Transilien front
Francebleu.fr
Bus from Magenta - Maubeuge to Bibliothèque Nationale
Bus from Gare du Nord to Bibliothèque Nationale
Taxi from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne
Want to know more about travelling around France
5 delightfully under-the-radar French towns you need to visit
Go beyond Paris, the Alps, the Loire chateaux and the French Riviera.
Where does the Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne bus arrive?
Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne bus services, operated by Bus RATP, arrive at Bibliothèque Nationale station.
Where does the Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne train arrive?
Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne train services, operated by Transilien, arrive at Châtelet les Halles station.
Where can I stay near Galerie Vivienne?
There are 2508+ hotels available in Galerie Vivienne. Prices start at €87 per night.
Gare du Nord → Galerie Vivienne
Rules to follow in France
Travel within France
COVID-19 help in France
If you need help, visit the national COVID-19 website or call the COVID-19 Helpline 800 130 000
Am I allowed to travel from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne?
There are currently travel restrictions within France.
What are the travel restrictions in Galerie Vivienne?
What is the national COVID-19 helpline number in Galerie Vivienne?
The national COVID-19 helpline number in Galerie Vivienne is 800 130 000.
Do I have to wear a face mask on public transport in Galerie Vivienne?
Wearing a face mask on public transport in Galerie Vivienne is mandatory.
Is it compulsory to practice social distancing in Galerie Vivienne?
The social distance requirement in Galerie Vivienne is 1 metre.
What should I do if I have COVID-19 symptoms when I arrive in Galerie Vivienne?
Make yourself known to an official member of staff and/or call the national coronavirus helpline number on 800 130 000.
The City of Love tops many travel lists and there's good reason for that. One of the world's most fashionable cities, Paris is a hub for culture, exquisite food and wine, architecture and art. Take a trip up the world-renowned Eiffel Tower, visit the Mona Lisa at the famed Louvre museum, spend a day wandering around the Musée d'Orsay, and revel in the wonders of Notre Dame Cathedral. No trip is complete without a visit to the Arc de Triomphe, shopping along the Champs Elysées and a performance at the Moulin Rouge.
The Louvre or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest art museum and an historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Approximately 38,000 objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre in 2016 was the world's most visited art museum, receiving 7.3 million visitors.
The Eiffel Tower is a wrought iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower.
Montmartre is a large hill in Paris's 18th arrondissement. It is 130 m high and gives its name to the surrounding district, part of the Right Bank in the northern section of the city. The historic district established by the City of Paris in 1995 is bordered by rue Caulaincourt and rue Custine on the north, rue de Clignancourt on the east, and boulevard de Clichy and boulevard de Rochechouart to the south, containing 60 ha. Montmartre is primarily known for its artistic history, the white-domed Basilica of the Sacré-Cœur on its summit, and as a nightclub district. The other, older, church on the hill is Saint Pierre de Montmartre, which claims to be the location at which the Jesuit order of priests was founded.
Notre-Dame de Paris, also known as Notre-Dame Cathedral or simply Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France. The cathedral is widely considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture, and it is among the largest and most well-known church buildings in the world. The naturalism of its sculptures and stained glass serve to contrast it with earlier Romanesque architecture.
Places to stay in Paris
Rome2rio makes travelling from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne easy.
Rome2rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. Find all the transport options for your trip from Gare du Nord to Galerie Vivienne right here. Rome2rio displays up to date schedules, route maps, journey times and estimated fares from relevant transport operators, ensuring you can make an informed decision about which option will suit you best. Rome2rio also offers online bookings for selected operators, making reservations easy and straightforward.
Trips from Gare du Nord
Gare du Nord to Hilton Paris Opera Gare du Nord to Château de Versailles Gare du Nord to Asnières sur Seine Gare du Nord to Neuilly Porte Maillot Station Gare du Nord to Brussels South Gare du Nord to Pernety Gare du Nord to Gent Sint Pieters Station Gare du Nord to Jasmin Île de France France Gare du Nord to Hôtel Victor Hugo Paris Kléber Gare du Nord to Rue Saint Dominique Gare du Nord to La Garenne Colombes Gare du Nord to Panthéon France Gare du Nord to Épernay Gare du Nord to Hôtel de Ville Gare du Nord to Turin Gare du Nord to Hotel Opera Maintenon Paris Gare du Nord to Marly le Roi Gare du Nord to Place Dauphine Gare du Nord to Lausanne Gare du Nord to Péreire Levallois Gare du Nord to Le Lido Gare du Nord to Hotel du Petit Moulin Paris Gare du Nord to Braunschweig Gare du Nord to Kensington England Gare du Nord to Arromanches les Bains Gare du Nord to Split Gare du Nord to Genoa Gare du Nord to Bransles Gare du Nord to CMG Résidence Montmartre Sacré Coeur Paris Gare du Nord to Roanne
Trips to Galerie Vivienne
The Louvre to Galerie Vivienne Grand Palace to Galerie Vivienne Galeries Lafayette to Galerie Vivienne Frankfurt am Main to Galerie Vivienne


How can one define Tension, the first collection from Montreal newcomers Claste? Basically as a game of tension between technical craftsmanship and artistry, glass and stone, lightness and sturdiness, fragility and stability.
At this year's International Contemporary Furniture Fair in New York, the studio presented a range of objects from their minimal line, made with only three materials: glass, pink onyx and bianco quartzite.
Here's where technical craftsmanship meets artistry: in order to create these timeless pieces, a sheet of tempered glass is laminated between two layers of onyx, and the suspended plane is then glued to the face of the glass panels, without the use of any mechanical fasteners nor a visible support system, in order to allow it to cure. "We are fairly certain that this process of adhering stone to glass is the first time anyone has ever used this procedure," said founders Philip Hazan, Quinlan Osborne and Martin Poitras.
Two thirds of the founding trio have an architecture background, and this certainly informs the design. The result is a collection that has produced the furniture version of a glass bridge: with eight physically puzzling pieces such as To Float from Grace, a console made of glass and bianco quartzite, to a surprisingly sturdy three-legged chair called And Here I Sit, Claste's Tension surely lives up to its name.


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Tinkham Mountain
Montana, United States, North America
Saintgrizzly
Glacier National Park, MT
48.52500°N / 113.506°W
Hiking, Mountaineering, Scrambling
Summer, Fall
The Short and Easy Overview Part
Lieutenant A. W. Tinkham was an Army engineer sent by Governor Isaac Stevens to look for Marias Pass and who, in the fall of 1853, crossed Pitamakan Pass, thinking it was the Marias. His was the first recorded journal of the crossing of a pass in the park by a white man. This, from the GNP web site, means Tinkham Mountain was named after someone who got lost. Fair enough, I guess—at least he could enjoy the views.
Tinkham, from Flinsch Peak
The trek takes off from the Two Medicine Campground, and is 10.5 miles from start to summit, 21 miles round trip, mostly on a good trail, except for the last mile or so, when the way is via a goat trail circumnavigating around the mountain's upper reaches, and you find yourself dealing with exposure and cliffs enough to get your attention. Elevation gain from trailhead to peak is 3279 feet, very moderate by GNP standards, although in traversing onto the mountain proper from the continental divide at Cut Bank Pass you lose approximately 700 feet elevation, which of course must be accounted for both coming and going. You know, the sort of thing that's particularly fun on a hike out. So I guess elevation gain is actually more than 3279 feet. You can add it up if you wish.
The point here...
From access ridge below Cut Bank Pass, looking directly at Tinkham Mountain.
...is that there is nothing geological or physical about this mountain to place it in the dramatic hierarchy of the area's great peaks. It is not one of the "Big Names," and even locals aren't familiar with the peak unless they're avid climbers (an illustration of this relative obscurity is that it is not in J. Gordon Edwards' A Climber's Guide to Glacier National Park). And besides, for crying out loud Lieutenant Tinkham was lost! Almost, the word "diminutive" comes to mind, or the even more damning, "is this something we really want to do?"
"Almost," that is...
...until you get there, and then you don't think like that any more. The good Lieutenant Tinkham probably wasn't lost at all; I suspect once he actually saw the land, that he went into the area on purpose, then lied about being lost so as to justify his presence. The surprise is he ever left. What I'm getting at is something visual that likely as not will result in a heartfelt, "Wow!"—leaving you to marvel at how what you are looking at defines mountains...and thinking about the necessity and means of entering a towering, sculpted neighborhood.
From Cut Bank Pass.
Northwest (L) and North (R) from Tinkham summit.
The wonderful, serpentine access ridge to Tinkham Mountain.
The Definition of Glacial Valleys
The Neighborhood I
The Neighborhood II
The Neighborhood III
From the north, take Hwy 89 south from Saint Mary, turning on Hwy 49—a paved road, but very winding and slow going; relax, enjoy the wonderful views!—for approximately eight miles until the Two Medicine turnoff, then it is seven easy miles to the campground, ranger station, store, boat dock, and ample parking. From the south, take Hwy 2 to East Glacier, and in town turn on Hwy 49, head north out of town four miles, to the Two Medicine road.
Standard Precautionary Note: All GNP roads are closed in winter, with Going-to-the-Sun Road (the major route through the park; its eastern terminus is at Saint Mary) sometimes not opening until July (average opening is second week in June; earliest opening ever is May 16, 1987, with the second earliest being May 22, 2005). Don't head out early in the year (i.e., June/early July) without checking the status of these roads—it is not unusual to have repeated, sometimes lengthy, road closures due to storms, avalanches, rock slides, or all three! The same holds true for late in the year; weather changes dramatically, beginning usually around the end of August, with road closures normally becoming more and more frequent through the month of September (although don't shy away from going, there can also be very nice—albeit cool or cold—days of Indian Summer throughout this time frame; plus the park is relatively free of people after Labor Day). The following links are pretty much self-explanatory, and provide all sorts of useful and interesting information:
Current GNP Road Status
Map of Waterton/Glacier International Peace Park
(Note that clicking on the image after it loads brings up a larger version, making it MUCH easier to read.)
And finally, click here for current information, as well as easy access to some
interesting photos showing the Plowing of Going-to-the-Sun Road.
I think of this as "TRAIL ENHANCEMENT!"
Trail head is at the northwest end of the Two Medicine Campground, is well marked, there is plenty of parking, and is quite easy to locate. Several trails take off from this point, so pay attention to the signs. (You'll take a right almost immediately after crossing the bridge, which is the starting point.) The route to Tinkham Mountain crosses two passes: Pitamakan and Cut Bank (7,900' elevation, and the Continental Divide) which are surprisingly close together, being separated by only about half a mile. Upon leaving the campground the signs will direct you to Pitamakan Pass, which makes sense, as it is the first one you'll come to. Distance is approximately 8 miles to Pitamakan, another half mile or so after that to Cut Bank, and is a very good, well-signed trail all the way. It is a beautiful hike, with many (very nice) mountains to hold your attention.
Upon reaching Cut Bank Pass, after spending a while being impressed with the scenery, you'll notice a good trail angling down and off the pass (that is, angling to your right as you face Tinkham Mountain from the pass). This trail descends approximately 700 feet to the saddle, at which point you're on the ridge leading to Tinkham Mountain, and from this point on it is intuitive and correct to simply stay on top the ridge and let it guide you three-fourths of the way up the mountain. The accompanying photos in this "route" section draw attention to the snow bank, which, of course, may or may not be there every year. Snow or no snow, head south (left) shortly before reaching the cliffs (which make direct summit access difficult, even with proper technical gear). Angling left at this point you'll soon see a goat trail, which will take you completely around the mountain, following a ledge all the way. This part of the climb is probably only half a mile in length or a bit more, but is exciting because not only are you always aware of the exposure at your feet, but the view as you round the mountain to the south and then west brings you face to face with first Mount Pinchot, then Mount Stimson, and if you're like me you can't trust yourself to simultaneously walk and gawk on a relatively narrow path—so you stop, and let the scene do its number on you. (Excuse my enthusiasm, but those mountains are huge, and magnificent, and...thrilling!)
Okay, to continue. The goat trail takes you from the east side of Tinkham Mountain to almost the exact western opposite, where you will (hopefully) see the cairn, turn sharply right, and scramble up some steep cliffs, then more or less jaunt to the summit. Upon leaving the goat trail and turning upward, for a short distance the cliffs stop just short of needing ropes (which we had along, but no one in our group used them), and are a fun scramble. A final word: the goat trail around the mountain was fun, as were the cliffs leading to the top, but this is the kind of terrain you don't want to be hustling along (you won't be able to) in bad weather, so—as is true of almost all mountain excursions—watch the sky!
Last note: this is one of those relatively rare GNP trails which late in the year won't have much water, and if the snow is completely gone from the mountain, there'll be none. In other words, plan and pack accordingly.
The Red Tape, Wildlife, & Cautions Section
In case you need it: A couple reminders that this GNP/Northern Rockies area has a LOT of wildlife.
No permits required, but you must pay a park entry fee, which is $25 for one week, or $35 for an annual pass. Registration for day climbs in Glacier National Park is recommended, but not mandatory. Probably anyone prone to climbing in this part of the country already knows this, but the Northern Rockies are full of wildlife. Always be aware, and don't do anything stupid, like—for example—feed the bears, think that a mountain lion is even remotely related to your pet cat, or run up to a moose (moose are quite unpredictable, irritable, and very dangerous). And never, ever, EVER forget you're in grizzly country; they insist on being left alone—disagreement on that point is not an argument you'll win! Bear spray and noise should be part of every GNP foray you make into the back country. Black bears will be found in the forests, grizzlies commonly venture onto the above-timberline tundra, sometimes, when in pursuit of such delicacies as ladybugs or cutworm moth larva, even to the summits! Also note that improperly stored food in park campgrounds (i.e., scraps left around the table or campfire, or edibles in your tent rather than your car) will subject you to a $50 fine. If you wander off, leaving your pack unattended, and there is food in it which attracts the attention of, for example, a bear, it is also a fine. Folks, the Park Service is serious about not providing human food access to the critters!
When to Climb, & Climbing Considerations
From late June/early July (during this time frame expect LOTS of snow in the high elevations) to early fall, depending on snow conditions. Traditional climbing season in the Northern Rockies is July, August, and September—with September weather becoming progressively colder and more unstable (sometimes dramatically so: PAY ATTENTION!) as the month progresses—but does of course vary from year to year. There are occasional winter climbs in the park, but not often, and then only by well-equipped, area-wise, extremely competent individuals. Basically, most of GNP is inaccessable through the winter, and avalanche danger, to put it mildly, is extreme almost everywhere.
CLIMBING CONSIDERATIONS
Because of the nature of the rock, there are special considerations regarding climbing in Glacier National Park, and grading systems unique to the Park have been developed by both J. Gordon Edwards and the Glacier Mountaineering Society. Anyone doing more than just "trail" hiking in this part of the Rockies should read the excellent and important information put together by Fred and Moni Spicker. Much—if not most—of the rock in GNP is sedimentary and rotten, and you need to know about it: Glacier National Park Rock & Grading Systems.
POSTSCRIPT: I've included J. Gordon Edwards' A Climber's Guide to Glacier National Park on this page because, while he doesn't cover Tinkham Mountain, he certainly does cover the other peaks—and valleys—mentioned. As has been noted many times, the book is a wealth of information!
There are numerous campgrounds available within Glacier National Park (including the Two Medicine area), of which only Fish Creek and Saint Mary take reservations (not required, but probably a good idea during the peak summer tourist period, especially on weekends). There are also many campgrounds as well as motels just outside the park on both the west and east sides.
Click here for General Camping Information, and click here for Current Site Availability in specific campgrounds.
Also, for those so inclined...GNP does have Backcountry Campsites throughout the park, including a site at Oldman Lake (not far from Pitamakan Pass—but this site is frequently closed due to bear activity; ALWAYS check with the Park Service before heading out!). Some of these sites can be reserved; others are on a first come basis. Anyone doing extensive, several day, remote hiking/climbing would be well advised to check this out.
Mountain Conditions/Web Cams
Weather page—an overview, plus current conditions and forecast
This is the New NPS Web Cam Page.
External Links/Additional Information/Items of Related Interest
Glacier Mountaineering Society
Non-Park Service Information Link (Worth checking out!)
Glacier National Park Chat—a great source for friendly conversation
and information concerning all things GNP related!
On March 1, 2011, Vernon Garner, Saintgrizzly, left us after losing a bold, inspiring fight against pancreatic cancer. Or maybe he won, for he is at last free of his pain and has "shuffle[d] off this mortal coil."
Vernon was an important contributor on SummitPost, but beyond merely making good, informative pages, he actually inspired many who read his work. No one put more work into his or her pages than Vernon did, and many of those pages, especially those related to Glacier National Park, the place he loved above all others, are works of art in both the writing and layout. More than one person has wanted to visit Glacier or go back to Glacier largely due to what he shared about that magnificent place.
Many people on SP counted Vernon among their friends, and many more saw him as one of the best, one of those who exemplified the spirit of this site. He was one of the best of us, he will be missed, and he will not be forgotten.
As a tribute to him, Vernon's pages will remain in his name. Any member who sees a need for an addition or correction should please contact site management via the "Send PM to the Elves" feature.
Rest well and climb on, Vernon.
View Tinkham Mountain Image Gallery - 37 Images
Mountains & Rocks in Montana
Glacier National Park, MTMountains & Rocks
Mount Cleveland
Mount Stimson
Kintla Peak (GNP)
Mount Jackson (GNP)
Mount Siyeh
Mount Merritt
Kinnerly Peak
Rainbow Peak (MT)
Going-to-the-Sun Mountain
Vulture Peak
Blackfoot Mountain (GNP)
Mount Gould (MT)
Little Chief Mountain
Rising Wolf Mountain
Chapman Peak
Mount Saint Nicholas (MT)
Allen Mountain
Mount James
Matahpi Peak
Mount Wilbur
Mount Rockwell
Gable Mountain
Gunsight Mountain (MT)
Mount Logan(GNP)
Flinsch Peak
Piegan Mountain (GNP)
Pollock Mountain (MT)
Iceberg Peak
"Don't believe everything you think." --Bumper Sticker seen in Missoula, MT.


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September 20, 2012 - By Adrian Harris
UC Irvine Medical Center, in conjunction with Bradford Networks and AirWatch, developed an in-house solution for BYOD (bring-your-own-device) for Hospital networks. With the AirWatch app installed and connected to the UC Irvine network, users can access their EHR data online easily through their own devices.
The newly segmented West Health Institute has spun off its first startup: Sense4Baby, Inc, a wireless fetal monitor which could be used to monitor high-risk pregnancies in remote clinics.
The Meningitis Trust app is being hailed for saving a 3 year-old girl's life. After the death of a classmate from the condition, her parents were urged to download the diagnosis app and were able to confirm their suspicions within 30 minutes of the onset of the symptoms. She is still in the hospital, but recovering well.
mHealthTeams now has two of it's mobile social networks up and running, adding myBCTeam to provide a social network for breast cancer patients and survivors. In the last month, the company acquired $1.75 million in funding and launched the new network.
Vipaar raised $1.2 million according to SEC filings to provide it's telesurgery cart to surgical rooms in remote medical facilities. The goal of the telesurgery device is to allow physicians from leading institutions to proctor surgeons from remote facilities in new techniques, without having to physically travel to the location.
eClinicalWorks announced the Join The Network Venture, a $10 million commitment to expand its current peer-to-peer communications network. This new program will create avenues for physicians outside of eClinicalWorks' current network to communicate with the 10,000 physicians already talking within their system.
Greenway Medical physicians in Michigan will now be able to connect into the state HIE, Michigan Connect. Physicians using Greenway's PrimeSUITE will be able to instantly access clinical data and communicate with other physicians on the platform.
Morgenthaler and Health 2.0 have announced their final 13 candidates for the DC to VC pitch contest. Join us on October 10th to see them compete for fame (but no fortune). Interesting to note, many of this years technologies assist directly or indirectly with care coordination.
The Mollen vaccination network is removing 20 million pieces of paper from its business by going fully digital in Walmart, Sam's Club, and corporate clinic locations across the country. In partnership with Verizon, the entire network of Google Chromebooks will be run on 3G networks, allowing them to be HIPAA compliant without onsite tests.
Another health IT accelerator is hitting the East Coast, joining Blueprint and Rock Health Boston, but claiming their ground in the New Jersey pharma corridor. TigerLabs will provide $20,000 in funding, mentorship, and a co-working space.


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At the end of 2012 Italy has intervened to facilitate the debt instruments' issuance for Small and Medium Enterprises-SMEs (Mini-bonds, commercial papers, project bonds). In fact, with the "Decreto Sviluppo" (decr. Legge no. 83/2012) and "Decreto Destinazione Italia" (decr. Legge no. 145/2013), it has been eliminated fiscal constraints that hindered the debt capital issuance by companies not listed on a stock exchange. The lawmaker's goal was to diversify the sources of financing for SMEs in order to reduce the credit crunch and their financial dependence from the banking system. These laws have removed the unequal treatment present in the Italian market, between listed and not listed companies on the stock exchange. Thanks to the new legislation is allowed for SMEs, but not for "micro-companies", to issue debt instruments with short-term (Commercial paper), medium and long-term (Mini-Bond and Project bond).
In a situation of strong credit rationing, the creation of new tools such as mini-bonds, Commercial papers, Project bond is closely linked to the need of new channels of financing, alternatives to traditional banking credit. These tools, however, are complementary to the banking system. In fact, for example, for the creation of mini-bonds are needed financial operators, so-called sponsors, including banks.
- Articolo 12 del Decreto Legge 23 dicembre 2013, n. 145 ("Decreto Destinazione Italia"), which amended Legge 30 aprile 1999, n. 130, articolo 46 del Testo Unico Bancario (T.U.B.) and articolo 32 del Decreto Sviluppo Bis.
- Without this limit, thanks the condition that the excess amount was allocated to institutional investors and that, in case of following transfer of the bonds, the last transferor would guarantee following purchasers (non-professional investors) of the issuer creditworthiness.
- The bonds are intended to be listed on regulated markets or Multilateral Trading Facility (MTFs), or give the right to acquire or subscribe new shares.
If in the previous regulatory system the companies met many procedural difficulties in gaining access to the bond market, with the new provisions such difficulties are smaller. Therefore, the reference to listed or not listed companies on the stock exchange disappeared, and it has been replaced by the condition that the bond is listed on a regulated market, or an MTF.
- Extension to Commercial paper of more favorable fiscal regime applicable to the bonds.
- Small and Medium Enterprises SMEs. According to the European classification medium-sized companies are those that have a workforce of less than 250 employees and an annual turnover not exceeding EUR 50 million or balance sheet total not exceeding EUR 43 million. Small-sized companies, those with fewer staff to 50 employees and turnover or balance sheet total not exceeding EUR 10 million.
- Are excluded from the application of new rules the micro-comapanies or enterprises with a workforce of less than 10 units and turnover or balance sheet total not exceeding EUR 2 million.
- The issuer must prepare and make available on its website an admission document drawn up in accordance with the guidelines set by the Borsa Italiana.
- Entering Mini-Bond in the Monte Titoli management system.
The regulation provides that the issuer is assisted by his sponsor that is a financial party that supports the company in the process of issuing and placement of the bonds.
In addition, the subscription of these bonds is reserved for institutional investors and other qualified entities, is not expected the spread for small investors. According to the CRIF Rating Agency estimates, over 10 000 companies are the potential market interested in these tools.
- The last balance sheet of the issuer (not listed on the stock exchange ) must be certified by an auditor or an auditing company.
In addition, it is expected that the commercial paper should be issued only in favor of professional investors who are not, directly or indirectly, shareholders of the issuing company. The commercial papers may be issued in de-materialized form (securitization? Vedi se esiste voce bankpedia.org e linka).
The innovation introduced by the recent law gives the possibility for non-listed companies to issuing bonds under the clause of profits sharing, if the duration is not less than thirty-six months, similarly to ordinary bonds. The project bonds are "hybrid" instruments. The participation clause regulates the amount payable to the holder of the bond, comparing it to the performance of the enterprise issuer. The interest rate granted to the holder of bond cannot be lower than the Tasso Ufficiale di Riferimento.
The project bonds were introduced in order to finance start-ups and technology or corporate turnarounds.


New Orleans Cafe started in September 1995. Owned by Aline and Danny Cross, the cafe was Crows Nest's first snow-ball shop. It started as a very small company and in just a few months, they purchases a coffee-machine and it was an instant success! New Orleans Cafe offers a menu that serves simple yet delectable dishes.
Initially, most of the food on the menu was cooked in Aline's home kitchen. As the business grows, the cafe became very famous that they could not keep up with the demand. This is when the owners know they need to expand the business. Slowly, New Orleans Cafe became bigger and better. What started as a narrow snow-ball shop is now a huge corner cafe.
The rustic theme of the place adds to its unique appeal, combined with memorabilia from New Orleans. New Orleans Cafe is definitely a second home to its clients. It offers alfresco dining and features concertina doors and timber finishes that perfectly emulates the French Quarter feel in New Orleans.
The menu includes delicious Creole-Cajun dishes and they also serve soups, ribs, salads and burgers. Cocktails, mixed drinks and coffee are also available at New Orleans Cafe. The menu also includes more than 20 different types of beer and an impressive wine list.
Last but not least, New Orleans Cafe provides one of the best customer service in the area. Regular customers are usually greeted by name by the restaurant staff. New Orleans Cafe is the heart and soul of Crows Nest, and aims to provide the best food and service to all its guests.
In September 1995, Danny and Aline Cross threw open the doors to Crows Nest's first snow-ball shop. The set up was basic but the business thrived. A number of months later, they bought a coffee machine and overnight, New Orleans Old Fashioned Snowballs became 'New Orleans Cafe'!
Serving a very basic menu – with the kitchen comprising one microwave oven for reheating – most of the food was cooked off premises in Aline's home kitchen! The food and hospitality often proved so popular that eventually, they couldn't keep up with demand!
At this stage, the actual space consisted of a narrow shop, with only a front entrance and barely any dining space. It continued to grow and that's when expansion began! Bit-by-bit the New Orleans Cafe grew and today occupies not only the original space, but taken over the entire corner as well!
The service we offer is professional yet informal, fast and efficient yet attentive, unpretentious, and friendly. It is obvious that they enjoy the vibe of the joint, and use that energy to fuel the high-speed service they provide. You will most likely hear lots of patrons greeted by name, as the New Orleans is a regular haunt of a great many locals.
We aim to emulate the feel of New Orleans – which even if you haven't been there, ain't too difficult to understand. It is an absolute party, with all of life's bare essentials! We are the Heart and soul of Crows Nest, and plan to liven up all those who come past!


Salad is popular among people who maintain a balanced and healthy diet. Salad varieties are often offered for sale ready-cut and film-packaged. It is known that these types of fresh produce may be contaminated with bacteria, reveals a new study.
Joint press release of the Julius Kühn Institute and the BfR on a study of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria with multiple transferable resistance genes on fresh produce. A working group led by Professor Dr. Kornelia Smalla from the Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) has now shown that these bacteria may also include bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics.
"We have to get to the bottom of these findings", said Professor Dr Georg Backhaus, President of the Julius Kühn Institute. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are known to occur in manure, sewage sludge, soil and bodies of water. "This worrying detection of these kinds of bacteria on plants is in line with similar findings for other foods", adds Professor Dr Dr Andreas Hensel, President of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR). "We are now assessing as a matter of urgency what this finding means with regard to the health risk for consumers."
For the purpose of analysis, the working group headed by Professor Smalla purchased mixed salads, arugula and cilantro in German supermarkets. The samples were then analysed in order to determine the total quantity of transferable antimicrobial resistance genes (the researchers use the term "transferable resistome") in Escherichia coli, a mostly harmless intestinal bacterium, on these foods. In their analyses, the experts focused on the part of Escherichia coli bacteria that are resistant to the active substance tetracycline. This is because tetracycline antibiotics are used in livestock farming, where they can promote the development and propagation of resistant bacteria in organs such as the intestine.
These bacteria as well as part of the antibiotics are excreted and then find their way onto the fields via organic fertilisers like manure. Smalla says that "the results of the comprehensive tests clearly show that a wide variety of transferable plasmids - gene carriers in bacteria that occur outside the chromosomes - have been found with resistance genes in the E. coli from fresh produce. Each of these plasmids carries resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. E. colibacteria with these properties have been found on all three analysed foods."
The study of the Julius Kühn Institute, the University of Giessen and the University of Idaho on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria on plants was published in the October issue of the special-interest journal mBio.
Salads are healthy foods high in nutrients such as vitamins and minerals and low in calories. Read on for more information on tips for healthy salads and for quick homemade salad recipes.