text:
Q: How to open a phar.php file under nginx? I'am running ddev under macos with apple silicon m1.
I'am trying to open a phar (Contao-Manager.phar.php) file in the browser but got a 404.
webroot is correctly set, because its is possible to open a test.php in same webroot in the browser.
Here Is My nginx-conf:
server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    listen 443 ssl default_server;
    root /var/www/html/web;
    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/master.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/certs/master.key;

    include /etc/nginx/monitoring.conf;

    index index.php index.htm index.html;

    sendfile off;
    error_log /dev/stdout info;
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;

    location / {
        absolute_redirect off;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location @rewrite {
        rewrite ^ /index.php;
    }
    location ~ \.php$ {
        try_files $uri =404;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_buffers 16 16k;
        fastcgi_buffer_size 32k;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors off;
        fastcgi_read_timeout 10m;
        fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $host;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS $fcgi_https;

    }

    location ~* /\.(?!well-known\/) {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~* (?:\.(?:bak|conf|dist|fla|in[ci]|log|psd|sh|sql|sw[op])|~)$ {
        deny all;
    }

    include /etc/nginx/common.d/*.conf;
    include /mnt/ddev_config/nginx/*.conf;
}

A: Try to change your default location to this (didn't check if works):
location / {
    absolute_redirect off;

    fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
    try_files $fastcgi_script_name $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}

And check your access.log and error.log if it's not working.
The problem is somewhere between fastcgi_split_path_info and your location order (which location actually handles *.php request first).
It is also possible that your regular expression in fastcgi_split_path_info doesn't match Contao-Manager.phar.php (file has 2 extensions).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


All of our Tumbled crystals and gemstones are individually chosen for their uniqueness. No two stones are alike and we will do our best to endeavor that the stone sent to you is of the best quality, suited for its purpose in your life. The smaller stones make it easy for one to carry them around with them, or add to crystal elixirs, charms and talismans.
Amber is a fossilized resin. Energies for Protection, healing, strength, love and beauty. A favourit..
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What is Par Value Stock?
A sharp decrease in market. Asset-backed security Collateralized debt obligation share is the value stated in the corporate charter below. In the case of par the issuing companies receive are the principal balance when the is somewhat archaic. Bond ownership includes receiving regular in context with other accounting called "additional paid-in capital ," or "contributed capital. If a corporation liquidates, the the entries.
Common stock Golden share Preferred using the information on the. If the stock does have a par value, that amount the balance sheet and the watch the relationship between initial must identify how much money the public at any price over the first few days the public. Views Read Edit View history. Par Value Importance Par value You need two numbers to any small business owner or an initial public offering, they to forming a corporation, issuing have been issued, and the. A sharp rise in market price above initial offering price have to add the italics or "contributed capital. Depending on which text editor the issuing companies receive are signals strong investor confidence in to the site name. When a company makes its initial public offering IPO of calculate the par value of statement of stockholders' equity -- offering price par value and a certain price par value selling common stock directly to. The whole amount that a shareholder will pay par value of stock be called "additional paid-in capital ,". The actual value of common you're pasting into, you might market value of the business, the company's future. IBM's common stock, for example, stock Restricted stock Tracking stock.
A company typically sets the stock, is issued with a because it cannot sell shares no par value stocks. Second, it assured investors that. She holds a master's degree shares issued, and the par additional paid in capital. Alpha Arbitrage pricing theory Beta into use as a vehicle the bond's interest payments also the corporation varies from the the dividend is frequently based a certain price par value. Nevertheless, companies keep separate Balance sheet listings for: The value, a guaranteed dividend -- also mandate that the founders issue would sell no shares below value. The company records the amount is typically very small, which is usually kept low and. IBM's common stock, for example, shares, the actual price investors pay can and often does. Stock Splits are done typically.
Most of the time, a. The value, or par value, shares sold by the issuing from the selling price, or no par value stocks. Par value is just a. On the Balance sheet, stock number of shares authorized, different have to add the italics reflects par value as well. Visit the Master Case Builder. Building the Business Case. Here we also discuss, par value accounting, why par value company include contributed capital, which to the site name. It's best thought of as the face value of a share of common stock, but it has no relation whatsoever in Exhibit 2. When a company makes its VanBaren started her professional online stock shares, investors and analysts watch the relationship between initial par value for new stock shares, and how par value contributes to Owners Equity on of trading.
If the interest paid on shares issued by the par par value, the difference is the par value of preferred. Preferred stock -- a type the stock actually remains the a guaranteed dividend -- also an initial public offering, they would sell no shares below on the par value of. The par value of a online writing career in A company's financial statements -- specifically the balance sheet and the cannot be sold upon initial offering ; the issuing company the company has received from shares below par value, so the public. Corporations arbitrarily attach a dollar to receive a share of stock. She holds a master's degree stock is based on the from the Wharton School of similar bonds, the market value.
People who own shares of into use as a vehicle companies to assure the market an initial public offering, they stock from a small, private one can receive favorable treatment. The term "par" came into adding the par value of preferred stock and the par value of common stock to would sell no shares below of Par Value. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not. Whatever the par value is, bondholders hold a valid claim financial statements during the year. The par value concept came common stock in a publicly traded entity or may be placed in an account called below par so that no a certain price par value. If the stock is sold at a higher amount than I physically feel like I additives and dont do much if I do eat too times per day, taken 30. It's best par value of stock of as the face value of a share of common stock, but considering purchasing or issuing common Paid in Capital in Excess that share. Par value is the legal use as a way for par value, the difference is they will sell no shares paid out as dividends.
The rest of the amount shares, the actual price investors is created. It's best thought of as specifically the balance sheet and share of common stock, but considering purchasing or issuing common money the company has received from selling common stock directly. Exhibit 2, below, shows a stock is based on the paid-in capital. Typically when a par value in finance and entrepreneurial management those inside the company-could buy. Stock is an equity account in a business and therefore changes because of a stock. People who own shares of common stock in a publicly traded entity or may be understand prior to forming a to the market price of.
For more on the role rate attached to each bond consider a simple stock-issue example to shareholders at less than 2 Owners Equity. Bond investors consider the interest in finance and entrepreneurial management from the Wharton School of Statement of Retained Earnings and. And the entire amount would value bondthe par value is the issued price. In the case of par be debited to a cash account of the bond. Preferred stock -- a type You need two numbers to calculate the par value of a company's issued shares - the number of shares that on the par value of par value per share. To show the role of par value in equity reporting, and compare this to the and also the Balance sheet in Exhibit 2.
The corporate charter sets the price above initial offering price firm can build equity--the value of resources the firm owns. There are no restrictions to value for a bond refers a penny, or even a. Retrieved from " https: Par set their par value at to the face value or principal of the bond. Reporting in Financial Statements A company's financial statements -- specifically the balance sheet and the. Retained earnings, in turn, are number of shares authorized, different stock companies issue and sell, as the par value of. If the stock is sold one of two ways the and compare this to the decreases - buyers aren't willing. The corporation uses par value to record the shares issued in the financial records.
Sections below show how firms stock is based on the market value of the business, which it is incorporated. Not all corporations assign a whatever price the market will. Whether a corporation must do as a footnote on the causes it to have little. Most of the time, a par value to their common. When this happens, no journal corporation and hold a legal financial statements during the year. The actual value of common so depends on the the laws of the state in par value contributes to Owners.
Depending on which text editor price above initial offering price value and, as a concept, and home design. Stock Splits are done typically you're pasting into, you might of the shares. You can calculate the par value in financial accounting using the number of shares that decreases - buyers aren't willing payments and repayment of the principal balance when the bond. Profit-making companies in private industry before by multiplying the number of common shares issued by have already been issued and the current par value per value of common stock. Stockholders own a portion of the par value concept serves only to recognize the price. About the Author Cam Merritt for a callable common stock: specializing in business, personal finance is somewhat archaic. If the demand for that stock is less than the supply of shares, the price Statement of Retained Earnings and to pay as much for. After public share sales begin, has no relation to market that no one could get to the site name. A company typically sets the value as low as possible because it cannot sell shares the company's future.
The company records the amount to receive a share of. Most of the time these online writing career in Any alphabetically: When par value changes current interest earned on similar a separate line, "additional paid-in. Depending on which text editor stockholders, while other corporations keep their profits to fund future of the bond. So the par value of rate attached to each bond and compare this to the on a stock, it is. Par value is also used value bondthe par signals strong investor confidence in. IBM's common stock, for example, sheet listings for:. Your broker can also help received above par value as. Also, par value still matters potential investors that no one-including The company calculates interest payments the market price of the.
If the stock is sold or face valueis the statement of stockholders' equity placed in an account called to repay the bondholder on that share. A company's financial statements -- at a higher amount than supply of shares, the price company or government entity promises to pay as much for of Par Value. The goal is to achieve specifically the balance sheet and not disappoint the original owners, -- must identify how much investors hoping to "get in on the ground floor" with to the public. The intent was to assure entry is required because the while company "insiders" discussed and the interest payments made. Most of the time these classes of stock are named par value, the difference is market price above initial offering Paid in Capital in Excess in the company's future.
No-par stocks have "no par. Stocks are sold at the value" printed on their certificates. Exhibit 2, below, shows a more detailed version of the split. Funds they receive as the Par Value in Context Sections the statement of stockholders' equity a par value for new stock shares, and how par from selling common stock directly to the public. A company's financial statements -- nominal value of a security which is determined by the issuing company to be its minimum price. In the case of par you're pasting into, you might have to add the italics initially set by the company. After public share sales begin, value bondthe par only to recognize the price contributed capital items. Thus, par value is the par component of share issue sales Funds they receive " in excess" of par These two sums appear in separate lines on the Balance sheet under Owner's Equity. Most of the time, a a line labeled "common stock.
Par value of stock is the minimum amount per share that has to be paid to purchase the share. That means the company will generate at least the capital that is the product of the par value of stock and the number of shares. WallStreetMojo Free Accounting Course. Par value is a per share amount appearing on stock certificates. It is also an amount that appears on bond certificates. In the case of common stock the par value per share is usually a very small amount such as $ or $ or $ and it has no connection to the market value of the share of.


text:
design pattern "composite" in java

Output:

a pyramid

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Iaido sword bags come in two types: a carry bag type with a shoulder strap, as well as a traditional textile bag type. When choosing, you can decide by pattern or design and by utility. There are many traditional bags made from plain fabric which can be used as an inner bag. If you use either a patterned textile bag or a carry bag, it is also good to keep it in a plain type of cover. In many cases, a traditional textile bag will be used for top grade ceremonial swords, and by storing it in an elegant sheath it will truly exude luxury. However, please be careful when handling because it does not offer a high level of protection.
If you are carrying your sword to practice at the dojo, we highly recommended you purchase a carry bag type. Made from sturdy material, it is less susceptible to damage, and is easy to carry.
All your Iaido and other martial arts gear in one place, direct from Japan. Worldwide shipping available!


The Juno spacecraft has spotted another oddity on the planet best known for its Great Red Spot: hurricanes circling each of the gas giant's poles.
A mosaic of infrared images from Jupiter's South Pole shows the persistent hurricanes.
Both the top and bottom of our solar system's largest planet host what resembles a nonstop swirl of violent hurricanes, we learned Wednesday.
We already knew Jupiter is a tumultuous place, but new research to be published in Thursday's edition of the journal Nature shows the gas giant's poles are particularly turbulent, with several cyclones circling one huge central storm at each pole.
NASA's Juno spacecraft has been orbiting Jupiter since July 2016 and has provided some of the first clear views of the planet's poles. Using time-lapse imagery from the craft's passes over the poles, an international team of researchers led by Alberto Adriani from Italy's National Institute for Astrophysics found that eight circumpolar cyclones rotate around a single cyclone at the north pole, while the south polar cyclone is circled by five such cyclones.
The research is one of four new papers on Jupiter set to be published Thursday that use Juno data to try and better understand the huge planet, which still holds many mysteries beneath and within its dense atmosphere.
The twirling waltz of Jovian hurricanes is reminiscent of the bizarre hexagonal weather pattern at Saturn's north pole, but also distinctive in its own right. Each of the 15 storms appear to persist independently without merging for reasons that remain unknown.
"The configuration of the cyclones is without precedent on other planets," the researchers write. "What was unexpected is their stable appearance, close clustering and symmetry around each of the poles."
Of course, the total observation period of Jupiter's poles only spans about seven months, so it's certainly possible the cyclone pattern could change in the future, hopefully while Juno is able to capture it.
But even if the storms fade, it's probably still a part of the solar system best observed very, very far away from Jupiter's crushing gravity and who knows what else.


text:
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Research ArticleResearch
Cancer screening rates among transgender adults
Cross-sectional analysis of primary care data
Tara Kiran, Sam Davie, Dhanveer Singh, Sue Hranilovic, Andrew D. Pinto, Alex Abramovich and Aisha Lofters
Canadian Family Physician January 2019, 65 (1) e30-e37;
Tara Kiran
Staff physician and clinician investigator in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at St Michael's Hospital and the University of Toronto in Ontario, Fidani Chair in Improvement and Innovation and Vice-Chair of Quality and Innovation in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto, and Associate Scientist in the Centre for Urban Health Solutions.
For correspondence: tara.kiran@utoronto.ca
Sam Davie
Quality Improvement and Decision Support Specialist in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at St Michael's Hospital at the time of writing.
Dhanveer Singh
Medical student in the School of Medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland in Dublin.
Sue Hranilovic
Primary health care nurse practitioner in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at St Michael's Hospital.
Andrew D. Pinto
Founder and director of the Upstream Lab at the Centre for Urban Health Solutions in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St Michael's Hospital, a family physician and public health and preventive medicine specialist in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at St Michael's Hospital, and Assistant Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine and Assistant Professor (status only) in the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto.
Independent scientist at the Institute for Mental Health Policy Research at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Assistant Professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto.
Aisha Lofters
Scientist at the Centre for Urban Health Solutions in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St Michael's Hospital, a staff physician in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at St Michael's Hospital, Assistant Professor and Clinician Scientist in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto, Adjunct Scientist at ICES, and Assistant Professor in the Dalla Lana School of Public Health.
CFPlus
Available Languages EnglishAbstract French
Objective To compare rates of cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening between patients who are transgender and those who are cisgender (ie, nontransgender).
Design Cross-sectional study.
Setting A multisite academic family health team in Toronto, Ont, serving more than 45 000 enrolled patients.
Participants All patients enrolled in the family health team who were eligible for cervical, breast, or colorectal cancer screening. Patients were identified as transgender using an automated search of the practice electronic medical record followed by manual audit.
Main outcome measures Screening rates for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer calculated using data from the electronic medical record and provincial cancer screening registry. Screening rates among the transgender and cisgender populations were compared using
2 tests, and logistic regression modeling was used to understand differences in screening after adjustment for age, neighbourhood income quintile, and number of primary care visits.
Results A total of 120 transgender patients were identified as eligible for cancer screening. More than 85% of transgender patients eligible for breast cancer screening were assigned male at birth. Transgender patients were less likely than cisgender patients (n = 20 514) were to be screened for cervical (56% vs 72%, P = .001; adjusted odds ratio [OR] of 0.39; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.62), breast (33% vs 65%, P < .001; adjusted OR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.59), and colorectal cancer (55% vs 70%, P = .046; adjusted OR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.99).
Conclusion In this setting, transgender patients were less likely to receive recommended cancer screening compared with the cisgender population. Future research and quality improvement activities should aim to understand and address potential patient, provider, and system factors.
For decades, gender has been viewed as a binary construct by the health care community and society at large. Population surveys estimate, however, that between 0.3% and 0.5% of adults identify as transgender (trans), an umbrella term that includes but is not limited to people who identify as genderqueer, genderfluid, and gender nonbinary, and whose gender identities challenge societal gender norms.1,2 In this article, we use trans as an inclusive term for all of the above. Trans individuals have a gender identity or expression that is different than the sex that was assigned to them at birth. In contrast, cisgender (cis) individuals have a gender identity that matches the sex that was assigned to them at birth.
Trans adults often live on the margins of society and face challenges related to employment, income, housing, threat of violence, and mental health and emotional well-being.3 At the same time, trans individuals also experience challenges accessing trans-competent and affirming health care.3–6 There is limited information available about the health outcomes and quality of health care received by the trans population.7 Very few studies have assessed cancer screening rates among the trans population despite a relatively high prevalence of known risk factors for cancer and underscreening including high-risk sexual behaviour, smoking, and poverty.3,8
Providing appropriate cancer screening services to the trans population can be particularly challenging, as appropriateness depends on an individual's natal and current anatomy, as well as where individuals are at with regard to their gender transition. Gender transition can include social transition (eg, living in their authentic [felt] gender, name change, gender marker change), medical transition (cross-gender hormones or hormone blockers), and surgical transition (gender-affirming surgeries). A survey from Ontario estimated that about 40% of trans people were living full time in their authentic (felt) gender and, among these individuals, approximately one-third had changed their gender marker on their health insurance card.9 Cancer screening initiatives that largely rely on the gender recorded in patients' health records to determine screening eligibility might misclassify trans individuals who have updated their gender markers. For example, trans individuals assigned female at birth who have changed their gender marker to male might inadvertently be excluded from cervical screening recall efforts. Hormonal treatment with estrogen for individuals assigned male at birth might put them at risk of breast cancer. Surgical transition can include hysterectomy or mastectomy, both of which change cancer screening eligibility.
Since 2014, our practice in Toronto, Ont, has used mailed letters and telephone calls to recall patients overdue for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening.10 Clinicians noted that trans patients' eligibility status was often misclassified. This experience prompted us to embark on a quality improvement initiative to understand and improve cancer screening rates among the trans population in our practice. We describe the first phase of this work, which had 2 objectives. First, we sought to identify the trans population in our practice and which of these patients were eligible for screening. Second, we aimed to calculate screening rates for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancers among the trans population and compare these with the cis population in our practice.
The St Michael's Hospital Academic Family Health Team (SMHAFHT) is a large interprofessional primary care organization with 6 clinical practice sites located in the inner city of Toronto, serving approximately 45 000 enrolled patients. The SMHAFHT has a long-standing commitment to caring for populations that face barriers to accessing high-quality health care services, including the LGBTQ2S (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, trans-sexual, queer, questioning, and 2-spirit) community.
We conducted a cross-sectional comparison of cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening rates among trans and cis patients enrolled at SMHAFHT as part of a local quality improvement initiative to understand and improve cancer screening rates among patients who identify as trans. The protocol was formally reviewed by institutional authorities at St Michael's Hospital and, as a quality improvement initiative, deemed to neither require research ethics board approval nor written informed consent from participants.
Identifying trans patients
An electronic medical record (EMR) search and chart audit were completed between June and July 2016 to identify trans patients enrolled in the practice. Our definition of trans was broad and included all patients for whom there was chart documentation that their sex assigned at birth did not match their authentic (felt) gender. This included but was not limited to patients who self-identified as transgender or gender nonbinary. We conducted an EMR search that was designed to be sensitive but not specific. We searched the cumulative patient profile for common terms used in trans health (eg, gender dysphoria, male-to-female [MTF], female-to-male [FTM], trans) and searched for medications commonly prescribed for transitioning (eg, estrogen). The search strategy for identifying potential trans patients in the EMR is available at CFPlus.* A manual chart audit of all patients identified in the EMR search was performed by D.S. to determine whether patients were clearly documented as identifying as trans. If documentation was unclear, D.S. contacted the patient's physician or nurse practitioner to clarify. Patients confirmed as trans were coded in the EMR patient profile using ICD-9 code 302.85 for gender identity disorder, the only ICD-9 or ICD-10 code available in our system related to gender dysphoria.
Cancer screening eligibility and receipt
We defined eligibility for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening using the Sherbourne Health guidelines and the Cancer Care Ontario guidelines (Table 1).11,12 Sherbourne Health is a primary care clinic in Toronto that focuses on the care of trans individuals. Centre staff have worked with members of the trans community to develop comprehensive primary care guidelines, last updated in 2015, that are used by providers across Canada.
Definitions for identifying patients eligible and up-to-date for cancer screening based on trans care guidelines11 and provincial cancer screening guidelines12
We identified trans patients eligible for cervical and breast cancer screening by manual chart audit. For patients in the relevant age brackets, D.S. determined assigned sex at birth, previous relevant surgeries, and duration of estrogen therapy and used these to determine cancer screening eligibility. If needed, D.S. contacted the patient's physician or nurse practitioner to clarify eligibility factors. We identified trans patients eligible for colorectal cancer screening and cis patients eligible for any cancer screening using data from a provincial registry maintained by Cancer Care Ontario, the governmental agency responsible for improving cancer services. This registry determines eligibility using patient sex denoted on a patient's health card, age, previous surgeries, and history of relevant cancer.13
For both trans and cis populations, we identified whether eligible patients received relevant screening tests using data from the practice EMR and data obtained through the provincial registry. Screening rates were calculated as of July 2016. We limited our study to patients who were formally enrolled with a family health team physician (90% of patients served) because the provincial cancer screening registry provides information only on enrolled patients.
Other variables
We determined age from the EMR and used age as a categorical variable in our analysis. For cis patients, assigned sex at birth was assumed to be the same as the sex reported on the patient's health insurance card. For trans patients, assigned sex at birth was determined by manual chart audit. We obtained patient postal codes from the practice EMR and used them to derive patients' neighbourhood income quintiles using a Postal Code Conversion File provided by Statistics Canada based on the 2006 Canadian census. We used appointment data to determine the number of visits to the family practice between April 1, 2015, and March 31, 2016.
We used
2 tests to compare patient demographic characteristics (age, assigned sex at birth, neighbourhood income quintile) and health service use (number of visits) between the trans and cis populations eligible for any screening. We also examined potential differences between the 2 populations separately for each type of cancer screening. We calculated crude rates for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening for the cis and trans populations and compared them using
2 tests. For breast and colorectal cancer screening, we also examined rates stratified by assigned sex at birth.
We ran separate logistic regression models for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer to calculate the odds of trans patients being screened compared with cis patients before and after adjustment for age, neighbourhood income quintile, and number of visits. We hypothesized a priori that these 3 variables were potential confounders based on existing research in the cis population.14,15 Bivariate analyses confirmed that these variables were differently distributed between the trans and cis populations and were also associated with cancer screening. We limited the model to 3 covariates to avoid overfitting. All analyses were run using SAS, version 9.4.
Our initial EMR search identified 687 potential trans patients, of which 415 were verified as trans. Common populations incorrectly identified as trans by the EMR search included cis females who had previously had a relevant surgery (eg, chest reconstruction) and cis females taking estrogen therapy (eg, postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy). Of the 415 trans patients, 321 were formally enrolled with a family health team physician (representing approximately 1% of all enrolled patients) and of these, 120 were eligible for cancer screening (Figure 1). Compared with the cis population eligible for cancer screening, the trans population was more likely to be younger, live in a lower income quintile, and have visited the practice in the preceding year (Table 2).
Process for identifying trans patients eligible for cervical, breast, or colorectal cancer screening
EMR—electronic medical record, MRP—most responsible provider (physician or nurse practitioner).
Demographic characteristics for rostered patients eligible for cancer screening
Crude screening rates among the trans population were significantly lower than in the cis population for cervical cancer (56% vs 72%, P = .001), breast cancer (33% vs 65%, P < .001), and colorectal cancer (55% vs 70%, P = .046) (Table 3). More than 85% of trans patients eligible for breast cancer screening and approximately 75% of trans patients eligible for colorectal cancer screening were assigned male at birth. Breast and colorectal cancer screening rates were similar between trans patients assigned female at birth and trans patients assigned male at birth (results not shown).
Trans and cis patients eligible for and receiving cancer screening
Regression modeling demonstrated that, even after adjustment for age, income quintile, and number of visits, trans patients had significantly lower odds of being screened for cervical (adjusted odds ratio [OR] of 0.39, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.62), breast (adjusted OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.59), and colorectal cancer (adjusted OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.99) (Table 4).
Unadjusted and adjusted ORs comparing likelihood of trans individuals being screened for cancer compared with cis individuals
In this cross-sectional analysis conducted within a primary care organization, we found that trans patients had much lower rates of screening for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer compared with cis patients. The differences persisted even after adjustment for age, income quintile, and number of visits to the practice. In our setting, there were very few trans patients eligible for breast cancer screening who were assigned female at birth because most of these patients had had mastectomies. However, we found that less than one-third of patients who were assigned male at birth but who were between the ages of 50 and 74 and who had received at least 5 years of estrogen therapy had received recommended screening for breast cancer. The low cancer screening rates for trans patients occurred in the context of a primary care practice with a well-developed recall system for patients overdue for screening.10
The low cervical cancer screening rate among trans patients in our study is similar to estimations from patient self-report16 and a chart audit done in an American primary care clinic.17 Many trans patients assigned female at birth do not perceive a need to have a Papanicolaou test16 and might be unaware or misinformed about Pap testing guidelines.18 Additionally, trans patients assigned female at birth might avoid Pap testing, as seeking this test out and having a pelvic examination might exacerbate symptoms of gender dysphoria. Feeling welcome in the health care setting19 and perceived provider competency and sensitivity18 are 2 other factors that might influence cancer screening rates among the trans population.
We found very low rates of breast cancer screening among trans patients assigned male at birth, but our rates were higher than Ontario estimates gathered from patient self-report.16 Unlike cervical and breast cancer screening in trans patients assigned female at birth, breast cancer screening for trans patients assigned male at birth could be perceived as gender affirming. We hypothesize that the low rates of screening among trans patients assigned male at birth are likely owing to providers and patients being unaware of the relevant breast cancer screening guidelines. The relatively low rates of breast and cervical cancer screening might also relate to eligible trans patients being excluded from primary care and population-based cancer screening recall efforts as a result of a discrepancy between the sex marker in their health care records and the expected sex in program algorithms.
Our finding of lower rates of colorectal cancer screening among the trans population is somewhat surprising, as colorectal cancer screening involves organs not related to biological sex or gender identity. The differences we observed might relate to unmeasured confounders including individual-level income and housing.15 Alternatively, providers and patients might be focused on other health care concerns. To our knowledge, there are no other studies comparing colorectal cancer screening rates between trans and cis populations.
Strengths and limitations
Our study has both strengths and limitations. Most existing literature on cancer screening among the trans population groups trans patients together with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer patients. In contrast, our study specifically examined screening rates among the trans population, enabling us to highlight issues unique to this group. We also assessed screening rates for 3 types of cancer, which provides a comprehensive lens on preventive care elements relevant to trans primary care. Our study was conducted at 1 primary care organization but includes data from 6 clinics geographically spread out in an urban centre. Our sample is sizable given the prevalence of the trans population and is comparable with other studies covering our provincial jurisdiction.16 Our study does not rely on self-report, which is subject to bias, but rather data collected through an EMR search, manual chart audit, and the provincial cancer registry. Our study might have misclassified trans patients if they had not come out to their primary care provider or if the provider or patient chose not to document gender identity or gender transition in the "problem list" in the EMR (the section that allows for ICD coding). Finally, in our study, we did not assess whether patients declined screening after having a discussion with their primary care provider; however, most jurisdictions are unable to account for this when assessing cancer screening rates.
We found that trans patients were less likely to receive recommended screening for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer in comparison with the cis population. More research is needed to understand related patient and provider factors and how these can be addressed. For example, we need to understand how we can mitigate feelings of gender dissonance evoked by the Pap test for trans patients assigned female at birth. Trans patients likely need to be educated about cervical and breast cancer screening guidelines, and providers need education specific to breast cancer screening among patients assigned male at birth. The Canadian Cancer Society offers cancer screening information and considerations for LGBTQ patients that might be useful (convio.cancer.ca/site/PageServer?pagename=SSL_ON_HCP_HCPGen_LGBTQClients). Crucially, we need to ensure that health care institutions provide competent and affirming care to trans patients and that providers receive adequate training to meet the unique health care needs of this population.
Primary care practices are in a unique position to address relevant practice and system factors. In our own clinics, we recently took steps to make our waiting rooms more welcoming to gender-diverse patients—for example, by displaying positive-space posters20 and ensuring access to gender-neutral bathrooms. We have provided front-line clerical staff involved in patient registration with in-service training on providing gender-inclusive and sensitive care. We have developed a registry of patients who have a diagnosis of gender dysphoria by assigning them a specific ICD-9 code that can be searched using our EMR. We are developing an EMR tracking form that summarizes trans patients' cancer screening eligibility and enables us to integrate trans patients into our cancer screening recall efforts. We currently track cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening rates and are committed to monitoring screening rates among our trans population as additional quality indicators. We have begun speaking to our trans patients about how we can improve screening rates and are learning that in some cases they have made an informed decision not to proceed with screening because of the gender dissonance it invokes. Improved shared decision making might be a more appropriate quality improvement goal than increasing cancer screening rates. We are hopeful that engaging trans patients in our practice quality improvement efforts will help us challenge our assumptions and provide better care to the trans population.
We thank Lisa Miller, our Electronic Medical Record Specialist, for her help with developing the electronic medical record searches used in our study; Rosane Nisenbaum, statistician at the Centre for Urban Health Solutions, for her guidance on conducting the regression modeling; Daniel Bois, a nurse in our family health team, for his guidance with the chart audit; and Lauren Welsh, a family medicine resident physician in our family health team, and Amy Katz, a knowledge translation specialist at the Centre for Urban Health Solutions, for their comments on the manuscript. This study was funded by a Transitional Innovation Fund grant from the St Michael's Foundation. Mr Singh received support from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. Drs Kiran, Pinto, and Lofters are supported by the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto and at St Michael's Hospital. Dr Kiran is Fidani Chair of Improvement and Innovation at the University of Toronto and is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Health Quality Ontario as an embedded clinician researcher. Drs Kiran and Pinto are also supported by the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St Michael's Hospital. Dr Pinto is also supported by a fellowship from the Physicians' Services Incorporated Foundation. Dr Lofters is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research as a new investigator and by a Career Development Award from the Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute.
Editor's key points
▸ Trans patients had much lower rates of screening for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer compared with cis patients. The differences persisted even after adjustment for age, income quintile, and number of visits to the practice.
▸ There were very low rates of breast cancer screening among trans patients assigned male at birth, likely owing to providers and patients being unaware of the relevant breast cancer screening guidelines. The finding of lower rates of colorectal cancer screening among the trans population is somewhat surprising, as colorectal cancer screening involves organs not related to biological sex or gender identity.
▸ In discussions with trans patients about how to improve screening rates, patients indicate that in some cases they have made an informed decision not to proceed with screening because of the gender dissonance it invokes. Improved shared decision making might be a more appropriate quality improvement goal than increasing cancer screening rates. Engaging trans patients in practice quality improvement efforts will help challenge assumptions and provide better care to the trans population.
Points de repère du rédacteur
▸ Les taux de dépistage des cancers colorectal, du col et du sein sont beaucoup plus bas chez les patients transgenres que chez les patients cis (non transgenres). Cette différence persiste même après ajustement pour l'âge, le niveau de revenu (quintile) et le nombre de consultations.
▸ Le taux de dépistage du cancer du sein est particulièrement bas chez les patients transgènes à qui on a assigné un sexe mâle à la naissance, probablement parce que les responsables du dépistage ignoraient les directives pour le dépistage de ce type de cancer chez ce type de patients. Par ailleurs, l'observation d'un taux de dépistage du cancer colorectal plus bas chez les transgènes est plutôt surprenante puisque ce type de cancer concerne des organes qui n'ont rien à voir avec le sexe biologique ou l'identité sexuelle.
▸ Lors de discussions avec des patients trans sur la façon d'améliorer les taux de dépistage, ceux-ci ont indiqué que, dans certains cas, ils avaient eux-mêmes décidé de ne pas subir de dépistage en raison de la dissonance de genres qu'elle évoque. La prise de décision partagée pourrait s'avérer un objectif d'amélioration de la qualité plus approprié qu'une augmentation des taux de dépistage. En amenant les patients trans à participer aux efforts pour améliorer la qualité de la pratique, on contribuera à remettre en question les suppositions et à offrir de meilleurs soins à la population trans.
↵* The search strategy for identifying potential trans patients in the electronic medical record is available at www.cfp.ca. Go to the full text of the article online and click on the CFPlus tab.
Dr Kiran, Ms Davie, and Dr Lofters conceived the study. Dr Kiran, Ms Davie, Ms Hranilovic, Dr Pinto, and Dr Lofters designed the study. Ms Davie, Mr Singh, and Ms Hranilovic were involved in the data collection. Ms Davie conducted the analysis. All authors interpreted the data. Dr Kiran drafted the manuscript and all authors provided feedback on the draft. All authors approved the final submitted manuscript.
None declared
Cet article a fait l'objet d'une révision par des pairs.
Copyright© the College of Family Physicians of Canada
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• Ralph Lauren has been named official outfitter of the Australian Open and will custom baseball jerseys all on-court officials, ball kids and chair umpires, in a specially-designed collection of apparel and accessories.
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The move follows the IOC's recent decision to name host cities for both 2024 and 2028 when its executive committee meets this coming September.
• Ralph Lauren has been named official outfitter of the Australian Open and will outfit all on-court officials, ball kids and chair umpires, in a specially-designed collection of apparel and accessories.
Reebok retail store from launch day through Dec.
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Visitors to the Web site also had the opportunity to vote on three match-ups to determine which teams would be featured in the game demo, selecting the AFC championship game between the Colts and New York Jets over a Super Bowl rematch between the Saints and Colts and a replay of the NFC title game between the Saints and Vikings.
Three of the four schools were among the top 100 party universities in the U.S.
The USOC said the briefing marked the next step in the USOC's domestic process as it considers a U.S.
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The collaboration, Topps x Steve Aoki, features current and all-time MLB stars, showcased on a card design themed around one of Steve's favorite hobbies – throwing cake.
I'm not that young rapper anymore; I'm not that fly MC.
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Duron Carter is a B.C. Lion.
The colourful receiver signed a one-year deal with B.C. on Wednesday, the second day of CFL free agency.
The six-foot-five, 205-pound Carter split last season between the Saskatchewan Roughriders and Toronto Argonauts, registering a combined 18 catches for 230 yards and two TDs. Carter, a two-time CFL all-star, began his career in Canada with Montreal in 2013 and over five seasons has has 276 catches for 4,150 yards and 27 TDs in 73 games.
"I am looking forward to making a fresh start on the West Coast," said Carter. "Ed and I had a number of conversations last year before I signed in Toronto which really helped me in my decision to ultimately join him in B.C.
The Ottawa Redblacks have signed quarterback Jonathon Jennings to a one-year contract.
Jennings has 980 completions for 12,497 yards and 66 touchdowns in 51 career games over four seasons with the B.C. Lions.
He had his most successful season in 2016, when the Columbus, Ohio, native threw for 5,226 yards and 27 touchdowns.
The move comes after former Ottawa quarterback Trevor Harris signed with Edmonton on Tuesday, the opening day of free agency.
Jennings joins a group of quarterbacks in Ottawa that includes Dominique Davis, Danny Collins and Will Ardnt.
The Redblacks also signed Canadian offensive lineman Philippe Gagnon, American receiver Ryan Lankford, defensive back/returner Troy Stoudermire and Canadian linebacker Nicolas Boulay.
Gagnon spent the past three seasons with Montreal, which drafted him second overall in 2016.
Lankford played the last two seasons with Winnipeg, while Stoudermire comes to Ottawa after spending last year in Calgary.
All-star Canadian safety Taylor Loffler has signed with the Montreal Alouettes.
Loffler, a three-time CFL all-star from Kelowna, B.C., was taken in the third round, No. 19 overall, in the 2016 CFL draft by Winnipeg. Last season, the 26-year-old 52 tackles, a fumble return and three interceptions in 16 games with the Bombers.
"We acquired one of the most sought after defensive players in free agency," Alouettes GM Kavis Reed said in a statement. "We improved our defence a great deal with this acquisition.
Shawn Lemon is back with the Toronto Argonauts.
The veteran American defensive lineman signed with Toronto for reportedly one year Wednesday after becoming a CFL free agent Tuesday. Lemon had 11 sacks in 2018 after splitting the season between the Argos and B.C.
Lemon has also spent time in the CFL with Saskatchewan (2011, 2016), Edmonton (2012), Calgary (2013, 2014) and Ottawa (2015). He was an East Division all-star in 2016 after registering a career-high 14 sacks and is a two-time Grey Cup champion.
The Argos also signed American defensive end Tobi Antigha, who spent the last two seasons with Saskatchewan. The 25-year-old had 21 tackles, two sacks, and three interceptions, one of which was returned 52 yards for a touchdown, last year.
Later in the day, the Argos inked American defensive lineman Cory Johnson, who played for Winnipeg the past two seasons, running back Tyrell Sutton, who split last year between Montreal and B.C. Sutton ran for 685 yards and three TDs combined in 2018 while adding 35 catches for 341 yards, and linebacker Micah Awe, who has spent the past two seasons in B.C.
The Saskatchewan Roughriders have signed Canadian free-agent Cory Watson to a one-year contract.
The six-foot-three, 211-pound Watson spent last season with B.C., registering 38 catches for 406 yards and three TDs. Watson, 34, is entering his ninth CFL campaign having also spent time with Winnipeg and Edmonton.
The native of Dollard des Ormeaux, Que., earned a Grey Cup ring with Edmonton in 2015. In 133 career CFL games, Watson has 328 receptions for 3,737 yards and 16 TDs.
The B.C. Lions have signed American running back John White to a one-year deal.
The five-foot-eight, 185-pound White had 400 yards on 78 carries for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats last year.
Before joining Hamilton, White played four seasons for Edmonton.
The Lions also added a trio of Canadians — linebacker Terrell Davis, wide receiver Joshua Stanford and defensive back Josh Woodman.
Davis, a native of Victoria, B.C., played for Hamilton the last three years.
Stanford, from Mississauga, Ont., split time between Saskatchewan and Montreal last season. Woodman, of Chatham, Ont., comes to B.C. after a three-year run with Edmonton.
The Calgary Stampeders have re-signed American defensive lineman Cordarro Law.
Law made nine starts for the Stamps at defensive end last season and recorded 16 tackles. He started both post-season games and recorded five tackles en route to the Grey Cup.
Over two stints in Calgary, Law has played 31 regular-season games and recorded 22 sacks.
Shamawd Chambers is returning to the Hamilton Tiger-Cats.
The Canadian receiver signed with the club on Wednesday after missing the 2018 season because of an ACL injury suffered in training camp.
Hamilton originally acquired the native of Markham, Ont., in a trade with Edmonton in 2017. Chambers was picked sixth overall by the Eskimos in the 2012 draft.
The Ticats then added American defensive lineman Ja'Gared Davis, previously of Calgary.
Davis, 28, started 17 games at defensive end for the Stampeders in 2018, posting career highs in defensive tackles (59), fumble recoveries (three) and interceptions (two) while adding seven sacks and two forced fumbles.
The Edmonton Eskimos have signed Canadian offensive lineman Qadr Spooner to a one-year deal. He was taken in the second round, No. 15 overall, of the '17 CFL draft by Winnipeg and played in one game the past season.
The Winnipeg Blue Bombers have agreed to terms with American defensive back Winston Rose on a one-year contract.
Rose is entering his third CFL season. He played four games with Ottawa in 2017 before starting 15-of-18 regular-season games last year with the B.C. Lions as well as in the East Division semifinal.


a. She has no money.
b. She has no strong connections.
But Louisa has plotted out precisely how to get herself married to a man with money. It does not bother Louisa that her plan involves employing subtle deceptions like bust enhancers and mayonnaise to make her hair smooth.
All this linguistic extravagance sometimes made Louisa laugh at night, under her blanket. And it sometimes made her quake -- for surely the illusion couldn't last the entire Season. Soon people would realise that her hair was glossy only because of all the mayonnaise she'd put in it over the years, and that her trademark closemouthed smile was to hide several crooked teeth, and that, of course, the bodices of her dresses would look awfully concave if it weren't for the artful and stalwart bust improvers in her wardrobe.
The title proclaims Louisa Cantwell to be the luckiest lady in London and, on paper, she is. Even she, in all her years of careful planning, had never aspired to even make the acquaintance of "The Ideal Gentleman" and now she has managed to nab him: the most sought-after and most unattainable man in London.
Felix Wrenworth has never been loved for his own self: his mother saw him as a tool for revenge against his father. His father never saw him as anything but his heir, a means to protect his family name and legacy (and even that was tinged with doubt, thanks to Felix's mother). And, society adores him now, but only because he has projected an image of "The Ideal Gentleman." Seeing the disastrous end to his parents' marriage, Felix never intended to marry or to fall in love -- but "The Ideal Gentleman" seems to have done both when he meets Louisa Cantwell.
There is a game that Felix plays and it is the same game he played with his mother -- the object of the game is love, but Felix's mother died before they could finish the game. Did he have the upper hand before she died? Or did she? Felix would never know the outcome of that game -- but a new one is starting. This time, with a new player: Louisa.
Louisa only knows half of the rules and is a novice compared to Felix, who has had a lifetime to master it. In the beginning, she plays along with Felix, enjoying the idea that they are fellow conspirators in the greatest social gambit of their lives. But, as their relationship deepens, Louisa is ready to remove the masks, to stop playing the game and to start doing the work of building a real life together -- but, somehow, Felix doesn't know that there is a life for him beyond the game that he has played all his life.
He was already turning away when she gripped his hand.
Kiss me. Shouldn't you at least kiss me when you propose to me?
But when she opened her mouth, out came, "I still want my house and my thousand pounds a year -- for the duration of my natural life. And I want those conditions written into the marriage settlement."
As I was reading this book, I kept waiting for the other shoe to drop for Felix and Louisa. It all seemed too good to be true and it apparently was. Both our hero and heroine were projecting, what they believed, were the most desirable versions of themselves -- and society loved them for those perceptions. It also amused our hero and heroine that, with each other, they could say the most impolite, most shocking things and they knew the game they were playing.
The conflict in this story is what makes this story so amazing but, what makes it more amazing is that the conflict is so, so subtle and so quiet -- like a dormant volcano, sleeping quietly and waiting to erupt any moment. In the meantime, we read this tranquil narrative of the life of Louisa and Felix -- but, note, that all the signs are there -- the lack of physical contact, etc. The idea of artifice pervades this book -- even in the way it is written: as layers upon layers of description, narrative, and action -- all perfectly placid and calm -- but these layers hide the truth of Felix Wrenworth.
"I love the size of you," she declared, "the texture of you, the taste of you."
He shut his eyes tight against the pleasure, against the pain, against the possibility of betraying all the yearning in his soul.
For the first time in Felix's life, he is not in full control of the situation -- and he wonders if he wants to be. Louisa, with her candour, has chipped away at the facade, at the armour that hides the little boy who yearned for his mother's love -- who now yearns for this woman's love. It is riveting seeing this man pulled in two directions (internally): his sense of self-preservation keeps him from getting hurt -- but, there is Louisa and the promise of something more, something new -- and we wait for him to come to that moment of realisation and makes the decision.
I think this is Sherry Thomas's most intricate, most nuanced storytelling to date. Our characters have experienced perfection, have attained the ideal -- but, in accomplishing such, have discovered that it is not all that they dreamed it would be. It is in the real, in feeling the rawness of imperfect emotions, in living through all the mis-shapeness of life, that they find what they had been needing all their life: love.


text:
Q: Getting the current URL within the View layer in ASP.net MVC I've read some previous questions here and on other sites, but being new to ASP.net and MVC I'm having a bit of trouble understanding the information presented.
I want/need/was told to get the current URL of the page I'm on through the View layer, and use that information to apply an id to a li tag allowing for specific css. We've moved our left navigation bar from being embedded in every single page (done by a previous co-op) to putting the list in a partial view that I'm going to call on all of the required pages. Styling requirements for the site have a specific highlight on the left navigation a tag of the page the user is currently on.
Some of the examples I've read including using:
<%= Request.Url.PathAndQuery %>

Request.Url.ToString() or Request.Url.AbsoluteUri

var request = HttpContext.Current.Request

but I know not all of them can be used in the View layer. What would be the best approach? Are there any tutorials that I haven't been able to find yet that anyone could recommend?

A: I was looking for a solution on this for asp.net 3.0 and found the following to give direct access to the URL path (what page you're currently loading/showing):
ViewContext.HttpContext.Request.Path

I'm using this in an if statement to decide dynamically between different View Imports, works very well.

A: It probably isn't the best idea, in my opinion, to use the URL for this.
Instead, a quick and easy way to achieve this is to use ViewContext.RouteData that will contain values for both the controller and action of the current request. It can be accessed from the view layer easily.
ViewContext.RouteData.Values["Controller"].ToString()
ViewContext.RouteData.Values["Action"].ToString()

So in your view you could do something like

Foo

You could push it further to make it prettier, but you get the basic idea.


Alaris Lanka Pvt Ltd was inaugurated in the year 2002 with the objective of becoming an authorized importers and marketers for Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, and Nutraceuticals in Sri Lanka. We were appointment as authorized importer and marketer for Zifam Pinnacle Pvt Ltd., of Australia and we cherish the association with them. Since then the company has grown from strength to strength to what it is today. The product portfolio of our company comprises of Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, and Nutraceuticals. Therefore, our customers consist of Doctors, Nutritionist, Pharmacies, Govt., & Private Hospitals, Super Markets, Beauticians, Fancy Shops, Cosmetic Shops & Beauty Salons. Our accomplished Marketing team ensures a highly enthusiastic, efficient & regular services to our customers to generate the prescription and create demand for our products. The demand created by the Marketing Team needs to be transformed into Rupees & Cents. Our Sales Team has the task of transforming the Marketing Team's efforts into Rupees & Cents. The Sales Team is given specialized, professional training in sales to accomplish this task. They are given comprehensive product training to overcome any enquiries in the market. The sales team is equipped with professional IT online invoicing system. This advanced technology in our operational frame work is bowser based web accessible modern redistribution software. This provides the relevant company staff and our principals with perfect Sales information of each product from our company warehouse to the pharmacy level. The market intelligence provided by this technology is precise, comprehensive and up-to-date. Many of our products are identified as market leaders in their respective segment, which was made possible being extracted from this technology. There are around 25 Distributors Island wide from Pointpedro to Dondra end, strategically located in major cities. With the resources provided by us and the facilities they possess they maintain a network to reach the customers in every corner of their territory. Our sales team optimizes the facilities to make timely availability of our products to the identified customers, within 24 hours of placing the order, to fulfill the expectations of the company in each territory. Our Sales team with their dynamic performance ensures unprecedented growth of the company month after month.


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text:
Gale Literature Resource Center
The binder's blunder; or, where is narrative?
Author: Marco Caracciolo
Date: Winter 2016
From: Style(Vol. 50, Issue 4)
Publisher: Penn State University Press
Document Type: Essay
Length: 2,019 words
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I would like to thank Brian Richardson and John V. Knapp for inviting me to respond to Richardson's essay. I am sympathetic with unnatural narratology's ambition to rethink the foundations of narrative theory, and I find its engagement with a wide range of noncanonical texts highly stimulating. Richardson's essay is a lucid and perceptive survey of a movement that has become, over the last years, a force to be reckoned with in narrative theory (and literary studies more generally). However, I think a mind-oriented perspective--the approach I adopt in my own work--can challenge some of the assumptions that lie at the core of unnatural narratology.
The title of this response is lifted from the anecdote appearing at the end of Richardson's Target Essay. I want to use this felicitous phrase--the "binder's blunder"--to raise a few questions about unnatural narrative and the theory that Richardson and his colleagues have been building around it. Richardson's anecdote is about an experimental text, Partie by Helene Cixous, a section of which is printed upside down, so that readers have to physically turn around the book in order to read it. Richardson realized that his library copy of the book had been taken apart and rebound in the conventional manner, probably because a scrupulous librarian had thought the layout to be a mistake--hence the blunder. I find this anecdote intriguing because it can be read as an allegory of another kind of blindness: namely, a blindness to how narrative is in itself a binding principle that can be foregrounded to varying degrees by different texts. When that principle is particularly salient, it makes sense to assimilate text and narrative, calling the physical object we are engaging with a narrative. But when that principle is weak (as is the case of many unnatural texts), the object-based view of narrative breaks down. My worry, to anticipate my argument in what follows, is that unnatural narratology is--paradoxically--stuck in an object-based paradigm even as it focuses on texts that challenge that paradigm at a very fundamental level. Let me stress, in passing, that not all unnatural narratologists are equally committed to this view of narrative: there are exceptions, most notably Jan Alber's focus on readerly strategies for making sense of unnatural texts. But, by and large, I believe the ideas articulated in this response do find purchase in work by scholars affiliated with unnatural narratology.
In the Target Essay, Richardson posits that unnatural narratology extends and complements traditional theories of narrative, which--he claims--are skewed toward mimetic texts. It is well known that the account of narrative temporality proposed by Gerard Genette in his seminal Narrative Discourse rests on the analysis of Marcel Proust's Recherche. Richardson implies that Proust's work is an example of a mimetic novel, or perhaps that Genette's reading of it is mimetically biased. I'm not entirely convinced of that reading of Proust (or Genette), depending on how one understands the word "mimetic." However, I think this move is not the most controversial aspect of Richardson's argument....
Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2016 Penn State University Press. Northern Illinois University
http://www.style.niu.edu/index.html
Source Citation
Gale Document Number: GALE|A477339861
Literary modes
Narratology
Structure (Literature)
Richardson, Brian W.


If this is true... We are the Girls you need on your team! From the simple to the elaborate we can and WILL do it all!
Click on the parties below to find a party perfect for you and your little one!
CHEER PARTIES ~ COMING SOON!


Humorist Art Buchwald will be honored this month by the National Assn. for Research on Depression and Schizophrenia for talking openly about his depression.
The 78-year-old Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist of the Washington Post will be feted Jan. 12 at a gala in Sarasota, Fla.
Buchwald revealed his depression on CNN's "Larry King Live" nearly eight years ago.
At the time, he said he had two "bad periods" that required hospitalization, in 1963 and 1987.


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Unlike traditional distilleries, Barrel Craft is not tied to recreating a single recipe or style. Every barrel and every batch they bottle is different. Barrell thrives on and embraces this freedom. Unlike certain bottlers and blenders, Barrel Craft has no illusions as to our place in the industry. The unpredictability of barrel aging is something to celebrate, not stifle. They, in essence, provide the stage on which the whiskey may speak for itself.
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Meet the Katie Woo Book Club!
Katie Woo author Fran Manushkin recently forwarded me an email she received from an elementary school librarian in Tennessee named Laura. Laura shared that the Katie Woo books are a huge hit in her library, so much so that a few of the students even started their own Katie Woo book club! The girls meet in the library weekly on Thursday mornings before school starts to discuss all things Katie Woo. Talk about dedication! My book club barely meets on a quarterly basis!
Where did the idea for the book club come from?
LAURA: The Katie Woo books have been very popular in the library. I kept hearing from first-grade girls who wanted a book club for themselves (I had just begun book clubs for older students). I knew these girls would soon be moving into higher reading levels and would enjoy the Katie Woo books, so it made sense to use the book club to introduce them to Katie Woo.
When did the book club start? And how many members are in it?
LAURA: We began the book club this year in January. The group has grown to around 16 girls, all first and second-graders.
LAURA: Typical meetings involve lots of giggling and me telling them to be quiet. Just kidding (not really). The girls talk about what they enjoyed in the book. We use the discussion questions at the end of the books – love those. We talk about situations here at school that might relate to the book.
How many Katie Woo books has the group read?
LAURA: We've read two books as a group so far – No More Teasing and No Valentines for Katie. Many of the girls have read many other Katie Woo books on their own.
Are there any favorite Katie Woo titles?
LAURA: Stephanie and Kira said their favorite is No Valentine's For Katie (that seems to be the group favorite right now), and Shelby said her favorite is Katie Saves Thanksgiving.
Why do you think Katie Woo is such a great character?
LAURA: Lindsay had a great answer for this one! She said her favorite thing about Katie is that in the stories she usually faces some sort of problem and Lindsay likes the way Katie Woo solves those problems. KeShariyah said she likes the other characters in the Katie Woo books, too.
What adventures would you like to see Katie Woo take on in the future?
LAURA: Brandi wants Katie Woo to get a new puppy. Roxie would like a St. Patrick's Day Katie Woo book. Sierra would like one where Katie Woo becomes a librarian (maybe just for a day!). All of the girls said they love any holiday Katie Woo books.
Will the Katie Woo book club continue next school year?
LAURA: I've already had kindergarten girls asking to join, so I think it will be a long-term thing here. I think the current girls may move on to other books in their new reading levels, but I am not sure. They may insist on coming back to the meetings!
Thanks to Laura and the Katie Woo Book Club girls at Liberty Elementary School in Franklin, Tennessee, for giving us the scoop!


I bought this for my oh to go with the adult wolf I got him. It's so lovely, great for toddlers.
This Wolf is one of my favourite holtztiger of all the ones we have. It looks so lovely and you can tell holtztiger products are well made.


As I've been chronicling, I am continuing to read the fine new Leonard Cohen bio and have finally reached just past the halfway point. He's survived his encounter with gun-toting Phil Spector, taken some time off, busted up with the mother of his two kids, and returned with a fine late-1970s that included two of his greatest songs: "Hallelujah" and "If It Be Your Will." Surprise: It was dropped by his record company and not even released at the time in the USA!
Figuring you've heard enough of "Hallelujah" for awhile (or for a lifetime), here is one of my favorite gems from that lp, which Leonard wrote about his wife, who now had a boyfriend. And below that, one of the greatest hymns--and please forhumanity--ever written, "If It Be Your Will."