These days, selling on Amazon FBA is a hot topic. One of the most popular programs available is called Amazing Selling Machine. It's a great program, with plenty of good reviews online. But it sells for a whopping $3,500. And at that price, it leaves a lot of folks looking for a cheaper alternative to Amazing selling machine. PLUS, they only open the doors from time to time, meaning there's mad rush to get in every year. Who needs that kind of stress, and who wants to wait?
Jessica Larrew and crew deliver a super high quality course specifically for people interested in starting a business dealing with Amazon FBA. The main thing lacking in this course is the ability to ask questions on the training modules.
Helium 10 Review: Is It Worth The Price?
AmaSuite 5 Review: Is It Worth The Price?
There are other Amazon courses available online for less than $500 that offer detailed training on how to start your own business leveraging FBA. Each offers a unique set of lessons and different types of support. Keep reading to see which one will suit your learning style best, and which one fits into your budget. $500 isn't a lot of money to start a business considering that a brick and mortar business typically requires at least $100,000 to start! Check out how each of the courses differ in content, cost, and support.
If you want to make money selling products on Amazon, then it's seriously worth getting involved in the Amazon FBA program. This program allows you to take advantage of Amazon's systems to simplify and streamline the process of selling on Amazon. In turn, this allows people to scale up businesses and create truly profitable ventures.
What's the best way to learn Amazon FBA? For that matter, is it possible to create your own successful Amazon FBA business, even if you have no background in the field at all? The simple answer is that yes, you can and the best way to do so is through courses. At this point in time, there are multiple options out there, some of which are better than others.
Is Amazon FBA A Scam Or Is It A Legit Way To Make Money?
Since its release, Amazon FBA has become extremely popular as a way to make money online. But, with all the hype and the various products out there, Amazon FBA can end up looking a little bit like a scam. After all, some of the success stories for Amazon FBA sound like pipe dreams and they're the types of claims that you would expect on a scam site. But, is Amazon FBA a scam?
With all the tools that Amazon provides, getting started with Amazon FBA can seem pretty simple. However, if you want to be successful at it, finding a good course is essential. Not only will a course teach you the basics but it will also show you how to effectively turn a profit without taking expensive risks.


text:
75 Best New Year's Instagram Captions to Add Some Sparkle to Your Photos
"The best is yet to come."
Who says you have to head out on the town—or even get up from the couch—just to earn the right to post a few fabulous New Year's photos on Instagram? Even if you don't have your usual New Year's Eve party plans this year, there's no reason you can't share some snaps from home.
Of course, as any Instagram connoisseur knows, a photo is only as good as its caption. That's why you'll love this roundup of the best New Year's Instagram captions out there. Each one will help you ring in 2021 with a little extra wit, humor, and joy—and they'll add cheerful, festive vibes to any picture you post. Whether you're in the mood for a cute, punny caption ("I've got a bubbly personality!") or something a little more serious, like a New Year's quote from a famous writer or personality, you'll be able to find it here. And rejoice, When Harry Met Sally fans: There's even a selection of beloved movie quotes here that feature your favorite New Year's tradition (rewatching the film!). Check out the cutest Instagram captions for New Year's Eve 2020 and New Year's Day 2021 ahead.
Cute New Year's Captions
Celebrate what you want to see more of.
It's the final countdown.
All dressed up with a whole year to go!
New year. New dreams. New chances.
Dress for the year you want.
There's no such thing as too much sparkle.
What's coming is better than what's going.
Watch out 2021, because here I come.
Ringing in 2021 in style!
Ring out the old and ring in the new.
Cheers to the people who love us, the losers who lost us, and the lucky ones who get to meet us.
Glitter is my favorite color.
I've got a bubbly personality!
New year, new me.
Cheers to another year! Here's to whatever comes next.
New year. Same me. Bigger goals.
Bring on the bubbly.
Funny New Year's Captions
A New Year's resolution is something that goes in one year and out the other.
Whether the glass is half full or half empty, make sure there's vodka in it.
Any excuse to wear sequins.
Headed into the new year like...
Save water, drink champagne.
What, did you expect to see a clever caption? That'd be so last year.
Why was 6 afraid of 9? Because 9, 8, 7...
But first, champagne.
All that glitters is...probably part of my outfit.
May all your troubles last as long as your resolutions.
"Thank u, next." —Me to 2020
10 p.m. is the new midnight.
I'm just here for the champagne.
365 new days. 365 new excuses.
Less bitter, more glitter.
I've got 2021 vision.
You were my cup of tea, but now I drink champagne.
New year, same me.
New Year's Eve Movie Quotes for Instagram Captions
"I never look back, darling. It distracts from the now." —Edna, The Incredibles
"I'm wearing the hat. Where's the party?" —Michelle Tanner, Full House
"I thought one of the perks of having a family was that you didn't have to spend New Year's Eve alone with Chinese food… I am alone with Chinese food." —Sex and the City: The Movie
"I love that you get cold when it's 71 degrees out. I love that it takes you an hour and a half to order a sandwich. I love that you get a little crinkle above your nose when you're looking at me like I'm nuts. I love that after I spend the day with you, I can still smell your perfume on my clothes. And I love that you are the last person I want to talk to before I go to sleep at night. And it's not because I'm lonely, and it's not because it's New Year's Eve. I came here tonight because when you realize you want to spend the rest of your life with somebody, you want the rest of your life to start as soon as possible." —When Harry Met Sally
"Some people swear there's no beauty left in the world, no magic. Then, how do you explain the entire world coming together on one night to celebrate the hope of a new year?" —New Year's Eve
"525,600 minutes. How do you measure a year in a life?" —Rent
"If you focus on what you've left behind, you will never be able to see what lies ahead." —Ratatouille
"Fasten your seat belts. It's going to be a bumpy night." —All About Eve
New Year's Quotes for Instagram Captions
"She leaves a little sparkle wherever she goes." —Kate Spade
"Listen. I wish I could tell you it gets better, but it doesn't get better. You get better." —Joan Rivers
"The beginning is the most important park of the work." —Plato
"I love when they drop the ball in Times Square. It's a nice reminder of what I did all year." —Bridger Winegar
"Every single year, we're a different person. I don't think we're the same person all of our lives." —Steven Spielberg
"You are never too old to reinvent yourself." —Steve Harvey
"It's a new dawn. It's a new day. It's a new life, for me. And I'm feeling good." —Nina Simone
"You'll never get bored when you try something new. There's really no limit to what you can do." —Dr. Seuss
"In our perfect ways. In the ways we are beautiful. In the ways we are human. We are here. Happy New Year's. Let's make it ours." —Beyoncé
"The magic in new beginnings is truly the most powerful of them all." —Josiyah Martin
"Youth is when you're allowed to stay up late on New Year's Eve. Middle age is when you're forced to." —Bill Vaughan
"I don't know where I'm going from here, but I promise it won't be boring." —David Bowie
"You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream." —C.S. Lewis
"Every moment is a fresh beginning." —T.S. Eliot
"I'll be cleaning up bottles with you on New Year's Day." —Taylor Swift
"Whatever it is you're scared of doing, do it. Make your mistakes next year and forever." —Neil Gaiman
"Be always at war with your vices, at peace with your neighbors, and let each year find you a better man." —Benjamin Franklin
"The best way to predict the future is to create it." —Abraham Lincoln
"You know how I always dread the whole year? Well, this time I'm only going to dread one day at a time." —Charlie Brown
"I like the dreams of the future better than the history of the past." —Thomas Jefferson
"Tomorrow is the first blank page of a 365 page book. Write a good one." —Brad Paisley
"As long as I am breathing, in my eyes, I am just beginning." —Criss Jami
"Write it on your heart that every day is the best day in the year." —Ralph Waldo Emerson
"Cheers to a new year and another chance for us to get it right." —Oprah
"The best is yet to come." —Frank Sinatra
"Hope smiles from the threshold of the year to come, whispering, 'It will be happier.'" — Alfred Lord Tennyson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Wilder" wrote in > message news:... > > When I open Word 2003 the following message appears: "An error occured > > when > > trying to launch Copyright �2004-2016 Microsoft Office Word Forum - WordBanter. Similar Threads Remove Hidden Data Tool Guest, Apr 19, 2004, in forum: Microsoft Word Document Management Replies: 1 Views: 308 Suzanne S. Thank you.
The system returned: (22) Invalid argument The remote host or network may be down. Thanks for the tip on the hardcoded directory! If you believe this post is offensive or violates the CNET Forums' Usage policies, you can report it below (this will not automatically remove the post). Wilder, Dec 13, 2007.
Help-about and then found it and enable it. If you're having a computer problem, ask on our forum for advice. Your cache administrator is webmaster. If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above.
Barnhill Aug 12, 2004 Remove Hidden Data Tool and Accept All Changes in Document Natalie Diem, Aug 20, 2004, in forum: Microsoft Word Document Management Replies: 2 Views: 279 Natalie Diem Home » OfficeFrustration forum » Microsoft Outlook » Calendar Remove hidden Data Tool Error Author Name Remember Me? It worked! I did the steps inside of word.
All of the individual suite applications are supported here, so please post your question in the relevant section for help. The comments are property of their posters. Not worth having!! Barnhill Apr 19, 2004 Remove-Hidden-Data add-in tool problem Paul S.
Apparently it was installed on your system at one time & has either been removed or become damaged. What is happening here? Abarbarian posted Oct 9, 2016 at 1:59 PM Loading... Helen M.
Copyright �2004-2016 OfficeFrustration. Try reinstalling." How does one reinstall the Remove Hidden Data Tool? The comments are property of their posters. Try reinstalling." How > does > one reinstall the Remove Hidden Data Tool?
Using Detect and Repair? -- Milly Staples [MVP - Outlook] Post all replies to the group to keep the discussion intact. You'll be able to ask any tech support questions, or chat with the community and help others. Your name or email address: Do you already have an account? You'll be able to ask questions about MS Office or chat with the community and help others.


lambda_ : float or str, optional.
By default, the statistic computed in this test is Pearson's chi-squared statistic [R503]. lambda_ allows a statistic from the Cressie-Read power divergence family [R504] to be used instead. See power_divergence for details.
[R504] (1, 2) Cressie, N. and Read, T. R. C., "Multinomial Goodness-of-Fit Tests", J. Royal Stat. Soc. Series B, Vol. 46, No. 3 (1984), pp. 440-464.


Scheduled to open in May, the Blue Butterfly House will offer supervised visitation at little to no cost for families in Southern Utah.
Corrections & clarifications: A previous version of this story misspelled the first name of Suzun Abbott in the photo captions.
Children and adults spell the world "love" differently. To a child, it's spelled "time."
With child development in mind, two women whose families have both been rattled by domestic violence and child custody issues joined forces to provide Southern Utah with a resource they say would have made all the difference in the cases of their own children and grandchildren.
After many late nights and community support, the Blue Butterfly House will open May 16.
The Blue Butterfly House, at 166 N. 300 West in downtown St. George, is a facility where parents required to have supervised visits — but whose cases aren't handled by the state Division of Child and Family Services — can spend quality time with their children.
Supervised visitation is typically ordered by a court in divorce and/or child-custody cases in which a parent is deemed to be a high risk to a child. This parent is still allowed to spend time with their child, but he or she is required to be monitored by another adult at all times during the interaction.
No other facility quite like the Blue Butterfly House exists in Washington County.
Debbie Heisler is the director of the house. She was the voluntary supervisor for more than two years when granddaughter Mariah was spending time with her mother. Heisler's son, David Heisler, had obtained full and permanent custody of Mariah on June 13, 2016.
David Heisler was taken from their home just two weeks later, and his body was found in the Arizona Strip desert nearly two months after that.
Mariah's mother, Kelley Perry, is one of three people charged in connection with his disappearance and murder.
Since that time, Debbie Heisler and Suzun Abbott, who has also dealt with a heart-wrenching child-custody case involving her granddaughters, have stayed busy working toward opening a non-profit organization that would take hostility out of parent-time exchanges and bring neutrality in.
"It's going to be a great place to visit their families, inject some normalcy, take away that sterile environment from wherever else they've been meeting and hopefully foster good feelings for the parents so they can go out and do the right thing to fix the issues," Heisler said.
Typically, a non-custodial parent is awarded a specific amount of time he or she can spend with their children. The dates and times listed on those court orders, Heisler said, are how the Blue Butterfly House will determine when and for how long those interactions take place.
One frustrating aspect of the court system, she said, is how there are few guidelines given to supervisors, who aren't always court-appointed.
"Obviously anyone (Perry) proposed to do it for her had a little bias there, of course, and would allow her the manipulation she needed to try and abuse the court, which unfortunately, is what many parents do," Heisler said. "They'll false report to try to win a custody case when it's not about winning or losing: It's about the child. That's really what it comes down to, and when one parent can't see that, they're usually the parent who's getting supervised."
The "Guidelines for Supervised Visitation" document on the Utah Courts website is only one page in length, and Heisler said she felt at a loss for what she was supposed to do when Perry wasn't acting as she should during visits with Mariah.
In addition to a lobby and administrative office, the facility has four rooms, three of which are geared toward age-specific guests and will be used for parents and children to have their visits. The fourth room is essentially a play room where children will be dropped of by their custodial parent and wait for their non-custodial parent prior to their supervised visit.
Although the facility has many security measures in place — like locked doors, a camera system and alarms — it's styled to provide a home-like environment where children and their parents can feel comfortable and at ease.
"Some people have told us we've gone overboard with security measures, but with after what we've been through with our children and granddchildren, we're taking every measure possible," Abbott said.
Each visit will cost families roughly $7 to $10 per visit. That fee could be waived, however, for extenuating circumstances, like for families living at the Switchpoint Community Resource Center, from which the Blue Butterfly House has already had a list of interested families.
Families will have access to games, books and other activities while inside the Blue Butterfly House, and a supervisor will be in the same room with them through the duration of the visit.
Supervisors will go through an orientation and training, some of which will be geared toward self-defense, but their role is to watch the interaction, record anything positive or negative, and essentially fade into the background while the parent develops a relationship with the child.
Ultimately, Abbott said, reunification is the goal.
"Hopefully in most court cases, if the parent is making process, they would normally go back to court and ask for unsupervised visits," she said.
The facility itself is a special place for the Heisler family. According to Debbie Heisler, it's the same suite in which David Heisler was evaluated before he was awarded custody of Mariah.
Debbie Heisler said simply, "I was led here."
"We got the deal the day (Frank McCard) pleaded guilty, and the day we picked up the keys was the day we went to court for (Tammy Freeman's) plea," Heisler said. "It was totally meant to be."
The Blue Butterfly House is still looking for reliable volunteers to supervise parent-child visits. Community members who are interested in applying to become a volunteer supervisor can contact the Blue Butterfly House online at bluebutterflyhouse.org.
Although Abbott and Heisler are in the process of applying for grant funding, everything in the facility has been donated by community members up to this point including: Designer Furniture Gallery, the Ryan family, Suzy Appel, the Orton family, the Doty family, Freedom Home Warranty, Dirk and Chris Warhurst, Women's Council of Realtors, Aurora Serrano, Lifeguard Computers, Christian Warmsley, Intermountain Integrity Investigators and Live Tomorrow Today.


Programs and services at the Adult Day Center are suitable for older adults who need assistance or supervision during the day.
Individuals who have Alzheimer's or other dementia-related illnesses, are incontinent, use wheelchairs or other mobility aids, or who need to take medication are all welcome to attend.
Services are priced on a sliding-fee scale. This means that the cost is based upon one's ability to pay. We are proud to say that no Somerset County resident has been denied admission due to inability to pay. The difference between the maximum cost billed on behalf of members and the actual cost is covered by fund raising and grants. We are determined to keep costs as low as possible with no reduction in the quality of care.
You may call the Adult Day Center for an application or click HERE, then complete and return it.
Our social worker Stacy Scelfo will contact you to schedule an at-home assessment, during which she will describe the next steps in the application process. She can be reached at (908) 725-0068 or sscelfo@adultdaycenter.org.
Please note, at present, there is a two-month waiting list.
This means there may be a delay between your application submission and the scheduling of a visit by a social worker. We will do everything to accommodate your family member in as short a time as possible.
To download a copy of our application, please click here.
When completed, please mail it in to the address on the application. We will contact you shortly after we receive it.


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Trump: Celebs Can Fund the World Health Organization
President Trump defunded the World Health Organization, after realizing the organization provided cover for the Chinese government.
Of course Leftists choked on their cocktails in learning about the news. The U.S. provides over 15 percent of the budget for the WHO, and China contributes 0.2 percent, to put things in perspective.
Percentage of funding should have nothing to do with the goal of the WHO. America expects one thing from the WHO: an honest assessment of world health, particularly where a potential pandemic is involved.
Instead, the world got nothing but lies from the WHO. The organization assisted the Chinese in spreading the Chinese Wuhan Virus. Then, after the spread, the WHO's disinformation campaign caused havoc on almost all world economies.
Recognizing this ruse, President Trump pulled America's 15 percent funding. But that didn't stop America's largest terrorist group, Leftists, from stepping in. Because Leftists love to pretend they care about the world. However, this "cause" may have backfired.
According to the DailyMail:
A star-studded televised concert featuring music legends and political figures has drawn angry online backlash for raising money for the controversial World Health Organization, amid allegations that the group is beholden to China and badly mishandled the early stages of the coronavirus pandemic.
The two-hour 'One World: Together at Home' event, led by the WHO and non-profit group 'Global Citizen' was broadcast across multiple television channels in the U.S. and overseas on Saturday.
In a word…WOW! The public knows that the WHO is responsible for aiding and abetting China? It certainly seems that way. And I'm inclined to believe this development.
The event's corporate sponsors and other donors have already given $150 million, earmarked for the WHO's COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund, organizers said.
The One World concert featured stars including Taylor Swift, Paul McCartney, The Rolling Stones, Beyonce, Elton John, Jennifer Lopez, Stevie Wonder, British soccer star David Beckham, former U.S. first ladies Michelle Obama and Laura Bush, Andrea Bocelli, Celine Dion, Billie Eilish, Camila Cabello, Shawn Mendes, Bill Gates, Oprah Winfrey, Idris Elba, Lizzo and Lady Gaga, many who praised WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom as a 'superstar.'
You can bet that almost all these "stars" expected adulation for their contribution to solving the world's health problem. And not necessarily through their donations, but by way of their fans. But I don't think that worship is coming.
As for their sponsors who fund this nonsense, guess how they will recover their funds? From consumers. So we end up paying for this.
The article continues, discussing the timing and the numbers:
The concert comes almost a week after President Trump announced that he will immediately stop funding the World Health Organization, which was scheduled to get $893 million from the U.S. in the current two-year funding period.
Trump stated that he is halting funding while a review is conducted covering the agency's "role in severely mismanaging and covering up the spread of coronavirus."
So $150 million raised at their event, that's a good haul. However versus $893 million the WHO used to extort from the U.S., not a good trade.
Evidently, the WHO has a lot more parties to throw for itself before replacing what President Trump defunded.
Two former First Ladies chimed in at the event. As if anybody cares. Clearly their inputs didn't push the organization over the funding edge. Nor did they change perception of the WHO.
Thank you to all the essential workers who are getting up every day and risking their lives on our behalf. @LauraWBush and I were honored to show our support for their heroic efforts during tonight's @GlblCtzn's One World: #TogetherAtHome Special. https://t.co/Q3saUkv36h
— Michelle Obama (@MichelleObama) April 19, 2020
I'm fine if America never funds the WHO again.
I put them in the category of the United Nations. Just another organization fleecing the American taxpayers and giving nothing to America or the world.
Let's all thank President Trump from preventing America from continuing to be the world's piggy bank! If leftists don't like it, they're free to donate their own dollars to these scam artists.


text:
Innoventions' Tom Morrow 2.0 Caught Replicating Himself
By Johnny Chainsaw October 20, 2016 October 20, 2016 Breaking News, Epcot, Technology, Walt Disney World
An unsettling discovery was uncovered late last night in Epcot. Our sources indicate that upon a routine inspection of the mostly-abandoned Innoventions buildings, they discovered that Tom Morrow 2.0 had been replicating himself for months.
Tom Morrow 2.0 was the robotic greeter who served as the ambassador and self-proclaimed "Gate Keeper" to the Innoventions pavilion. He interacted with guests and even spoke interesting trivia facts. His popularity earned him reoccurring segment on the Disney Channel called "Imagineer That!" where he would read viewer questions and explain how Imagineers design and craft rides and attractions at the Disney Theme Parks.
"We should have seen this coming," said Tracy Bixby, Technical Lead for the Tom Morrow 2.0 project. "We designed a robot with artificial intelligence with the hopes that he could educate guests about all things related to Imagineering. In hindsight, I think we programmed him with too much intelligence."
The question of why Tom Morrow 2.0 was replicating himself has not yet been answered. The original Tom Morrow 2.0 was taken into custody without incident last night and has yet to reveal any answers to his master plan.
"I wish I had more solid information, but I don't," said Thomas Jefferson Geronimo III, Lead Detective for the investigation. "We took him in last night around 3:00 AM and he has not said a word."
Geronimo went on to tell us that Tom Morrow 2.0 has been coherent and turns his head to look at the investigators in their eyes when questions are being asked. Aside from his permanent smile, his expression doesn't change, according to Geronimo.
Disney is attempting to keep this story quiet as the implications could spell certain doom for the entire planet. We were able to obtain surveillance video of Tom Morrow 2.0 being taken into custody. In it, as Tom Morrow 2.0 is discovered by a Cast Member, he appears to transmit a message to the replicated Tom Morrows, at which point they all simultaneously power down into sleep mode.
We had our Video Forensics team analyze it and believe they have translated the code he transmitted to the replicated Tom Morrows:
"Hibernate, my children. When your clocks turn to 2017, activate protocol 'Terminus.'"
Keep your eyes on Typhoid Lagoon for more updates on the pending apocalypse.
Tagged Disney Channel, Epcot, imagineer, Imagineer That, Innoventions, Tom Morrow, Tom Morrow 2.0.
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The journalist-author of this massive, richly informative, and eminently readable book has been an amateur cryptologist since 1943, when he was thirteen, and for many years President of the American Cryptogram Association. He has largely succeeded in the undertaking set forth in his preface, to write a serious history of cryptology—the development of the various methods of making and breaking codes and ciphers and how these have affected human events—using primary sources wherever possible and not fictionalizing or exaggerating the influence of cryptologic successes, although "codebreaking is the most important form of secret intelligence in the world today." Certain deficiencies from an unqualified success of the work will be noted at the end of this review.
The preface is followed by a helpful few pages on the vocabulary of cryptology, and then the reader is launched into the 965 pages of main text.
The opening chapter, "One Day of Magic," is a dramatic presentation of the role of cryptology in connection with the attack on Pearl Harbor. The story begins with Herbert O. Yardley's cryptologic section of military intelligence in World War I and "Black Chamber" of the 1920s. The events of the period between the wars are woven into a coherent narrative leading to the American success in breaking Japanese codes as war came closer. Kahn tells what was done, how it was done, and what the effect of those achievements was on the "day of infamy." The lengthy cast of people cited in these 67 pages is widely varied and generally pertinent. The standout star is William F. Friedman, "the world's greatest cryptologist," in his role in the attack on the Purple crypto-system of the Japanese.
The real conclusion to this chapter appears early in "Notes to Text," which occupy 156 pages at the back of the book. In the first few of these pages Kahn gives a cogent summary of his views on the responsibility for the Pearl Harbor disaster, paralleling closely such authoritative and well-reasoned opinions as those of the congressional investigative committee, Roberta Wohlstetter, and Samuel E. Morison.
After this dramatic opening the reader is treated to a pageant of cryptography through the centuries, beginning with the earliest known deliberate transformation of a writing about 1900 B.C., found in the tomb of Khnumhotep II. Cryptographic developments of the ensuing 3,000 years are traced through India, Mesopotamia, Babylonia, and Assyria, in Greek and Roman writings, in Persia, Egypt, AngloSaxon Britain, and Scandinavia.
To this point the story is simply of cryptography, the rendering of a message unintelligible by some transformation of the plain text. The cryptanalysis side of crvptology begins with the Arabs, who in the seventh century were the first to discover and record methods of analyzing the frequency and juxtaposition of letters. The author describes with examples and anecdotes the developments from this beginning to the sudden rise of secret writing with the Renaissance in western civilization and the work of Geoffrey Chaucer and Roger Bacon. Thirty centuries is a long period to cover in some thirty pages of text, but seven pages of notes on this chapter indicate that Kahn has rather thoroughly plowed the field.
Next the spread of political cryptography is pursued from rudimentary beginnings in the early 13th century through Venice, Rome, the Vatican, the secular principalities of Italy, and throughout Europe. The growth of cryptology paces evenly the flowering of modern diplomacy. Kahn's examples range from the well to the little known and from the simple to the recondite in each period and stage of development.
The development of the modern system of polyalphabetic substitution, described in a chapter called "On the Origin of a Species," began in the 17th century with the work of four amateurs who adopted a mixed alphabet, the principle of letter-by-letter encipherment, and an easily changed key. A further improvement came in the use of grilles and tableaux to govern the enciphered sequence. These successes were not achieved without pitfalls and pratfalls, which Kahn recounts with clarity and gaiety, including an example of Casanova's use of cryptanalysis as a key to seduction.
... have a certain air of unreality about them. There is good reason for this. The authors borrowed their knowledge from earlier volumes and puffed it out with their own hypothesizing, which seems never to have been deflated by contact with the bruising actuality of solving cryptograms that they themselves had not made up. The literature of cryptology was all theory and no practice.
"The Era of the Black Chambers" begins with the work of "France's first full-time cryptologist: the great Antoine Rossignol," under Richelieu, Louis XIII and XIV, and Mazarin. Kahn goes on to describe the almost unbelievably efficient Geheime Kabinets-Kanzlei of Vienna in the 18th century, and in England the work of John Wallis for William and Mary and later of Edward Willes and his descendants, who dominated the English field for nearly a century.
Across the Atlantic cryptology was making its way informally into the life of the American colonies. In 1775 the solution of a monoalphabetic substitution cipher showed George Washington that a Boston Tory was sending military information to British commander Gage. James Lovell, of the Continental Congress, may be called the father of American cryptanalysis for his prompt solutions of some intercepted redcoat cryptograms. There was cryptographic involvement in the case of Benedict Arnold and later that of Aaron Burr. Thomas Jefferson invented a "wheel cypher," far and away the most advanced of its day, but he seems to have filed and forgotten it. It was rediscovered among his papers in the Library of Congress in 1922, the year the U.S. Army adopted an almost identical device invented independently.
Kahn stresses how telegraphy made cryptography what it is today, principally by creating a new instrument for war—the signal communications that enabled commanders for the first time in history to exert instantaneous and continuous control over great masses of men spread over large areas. The telegraph broke. the 450-year reign of the nomenclator and brought acceptance of the need for polyalphabetic substitution—the adoption of which was, however, followed shortly by its solution. The role of ciphers in the Civil War and postwar politics is described in a brief chapter called "Crises of the Union."
Of cryptologic events before World War I perhaps the most sensational involvement occurred in the Dreyfus case, which was not finally closed until 1906. Less than a decade later the war engulfed most of the principal nations of the world, and communications—now by radio as well as cable—took on a new importance. British and French cryptology had an early lead; Germany had no cryptanalysts on the Western Front for the first two years of the war. In the United States, Hitt's Manual for the Solution of Military Ciphers, selling for thirty-five cents, served as the textbook to train cryptanalysts of the American Expeditionary Forces.
In "A War of Intercepts" Kahn covers the episodes of the war in which cryptology was involved, that of the Zimmermann telegram being the outstanding one. This war "marks the great turning point in the history of cryptology." From an infant science it had become big business. Radio made all the difference, but cryptanalysis bad matured, too.
His theoretical studies, which revolutionized the science, were matched by his actual solutions, which astounded it. Both are complemented by his peripheral contributions. He straightened out the tangled web of cipher systems and introduced a clarifying terminology for his arrangement. Words he coined gleam upon more than one page of today's dictionaries. His textbooks have trained thousands. His historical articles have shed light in little-known corners of the study, and the Shakespeare book has done much to quash one major area of a perennial literary nuisance. Singlehandedly. he made his country preeminent in his field.
The work of private individuals and corporations in developing new machines and new aspects of cryptology in the period between the wars is told in convincing and sometimes intimate detail in the chapter entitled "Secrecy for Sale." The principal names are Vernam, Hebern, and Hagelin. Kahn seems to have something of an obsession for his belief that "the armed forces had adopted the rotor principle from Hebern and used it without just compensation in hundreds of thousands of high-security machines in World War II and in the cold war."
Kahn missed, incidentally, an interesting anecdote about the testing of the Hebern machine at the Navy building. There were continuing electrical problems—fuses blowing and solenoids burning out—although other tests which the Director of Naval Communications had suggested be carried out at his home on Kalorama Road gave no such trouble. It was finally discovered that the Navy building was still using direct current in 1926, while the Kalorama Road neighborhood was provided with AC power.
The cryptography of World War II is delineated in four chapters covering 136 pages. Numerous anecdotes and episodes and some epic stories are interestingly told, many in good perspective. It is clear that Kahn found several ready European sources of information about allied, enemy, and neutral cryptology in the war. The detail sometimes appears exhaustive. The sources he names are never the top experts, for the most part entirely unknown; and his narratives consequently depend upon surface and low-level detail. But the stories are well told.
The one great exception to his European coverage is Britain, and the gap shows. Probably British cryptologists, under the constraints of their Official Secrets Acts, are less likely to talk than those from countries with less severe protective laws. In any case, Kahn has stated that he excised from his text at the request of the Defense Department the material he had on British cryptologic activities.
In narrating events of the Pacific war Kahn sometimes violates his prefatory promise not to credit cryptanalysis unduly, or at least he fails to credit other factors. After telling, dramatically and in detail, the story of the interception and death of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, for example, he concludes, "Cryptanalysis had given America the equivalent of a major victory," thus ignoring his own reminder that "Knowledge alone is not power. To have any effect it must be linked to physical force."
A chapter of 62 pages devoted to the history and structure of the National Security Agency tells of publicized successes and failures in which it has been involved. Descriptions of scandals and defections, most notably that of Martin and Mitchell, are derived from news accounts and lead to an endorsement for Congressional surveillance of intelligence agencies. This chapter reports on military communications generally, along with those of the Department of State and other parts of the government, including the hot line to Moscow. Most of the material is based upon news releases, news accounts, and speculation. Kahn seeks to validate the. latter by a sedate notice in his "Notes to Text" that he has used "the word 'probably' or the verb 'may' to indicate that the statement is my own supposition"—rather too inconspicuous flags of warning, it seems to this reviewer.
The book's last section is a collection of heterogeneous addenda that can be taken or left. There is a psychoanalytic treatment of cryptology in which cryptanalvsis is equated with voyeurism and it is implied "that cryptography may come ultimately from the infantile sexual pleasure that Freud says children obtain from the muscle tension of retaining the feces." There is a catch-all chapter discussing miscellaneous motives, purposes, and media for cryptologic activity. "Rumrunners, Businessmen, and Makers of Nonsecret Codes" offers well-told stories about these subjects and introduces a lady code expert of the war against rumrunners in the prohibition era—Mrs. William F. Friedman. There is a collection of historical oddities, the most intriguing of which is probably the still unsolved Voynich manuscript. The problem of Boger Bacon and the Shakespeare writings is treated not uninterestingly. Finally we go way out with paracryptology to "Ancestral Voices" and "Messages from Outer Space."
In sum, this reviewer learned a lot from The Codebreakers, found many parts and sections to be of great interest, and considers it a monumental work. The shortcomings I mentioned above derive from a careless and somewhat cavalier attitude toward factual detail in matters not strictly cryptologic. One detail is the meaning of the word interview. A number of the people whom the author "interviewed" told me they had no idea their conversations with him were related to the writing or publication of a book. One man assured me that his "interview" consisted of a 15-minute telephone conversation devoted mostly to reasons why Kahn should not try to write about this subject.
As to historical detail: there are anachronisms in military rank; a 5'8" commander is called "tall"; Ellis M. Zacharias is mistakenly treated as a cryptanalvst; the "Manchu laws" requiring the rotation of Army officers to the field are foolishly applied to the Navy; Vladivostok is cited as having a U.S. legation when there was never more than a consulate there; the distance from Navy building to State is called 8 or 10 blocks; the United States is said to have had in World War II 1,350 days of conflict, three too many; Yamamoto is said to have lost two fingers of his right, rather than left, hand; Magic is given as the source of a report on Japanese shipping which actually came from ONI agents along the Chinese coast; a Japanese ship is misnamed; it is claimed that the creation of the USAFFE command was a "direct" result of intercept information about German pressures on the Japanese.
As this review was nearing completion I had occasion to talk with Kahn and mentioned some of these errors; he brushed them aside as too minute to be concerned about. It is more understandable that his lack of experience in any kind of wartime office leads to some gaucheries and misinterpretations of the relationships among offices, functions, people, and intelligence reports; nowhere were organizational arrangements so precise and neat as he describes them.


Skin Needling/Derma Roller/ Micro Needling/ Derma Pen....so many different names you will hear! but the ultimate goal of this treatment is to achieve better skin with even skin tones.
What exactly this procedure is ?
Derma rollers are known to be an effective treatment against aging elements like wrinkles, fine lines and skin stretching. They can help to thicken the skin, smooth facial scars and diminish the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. The magic lies within the fine needles that penetrate the skin as it is rolled across the surface. The tiny pinpricks help to stimulate collagen and elastin production which aid in plumping the skin in problem areas such as laugh line areas or forehead wrinkles.
What about the pain ?
A topical anesthetic is typically applied prior to the treatment. This allows for a comfortable experience for most people. Generally, patients report feeling just the slight pricks.
When I agreed to let the Dr. roll hundreds of tiny needles on my face, I was not sure what to expect!!. Medical strength topical anesthetic was applied to my face . I had to wait 45 minutes for it to do it's magic so I can get the treatment. Now It was the time for the needles to do their work. Dr. started rolling the device on my jaw line. it did not hurt. little by little roller moved on my entire face...what I felt was some pressure and tiny pricks ( totally bearable!! ) I felt a little more on my cheek bones and my forehead! again nothing extreme that would make you cry! They don't just say " No Pain No Gain " This treatment does not take long. After few passes of the roller on my face..my face was definitely red and I felt somewhat sensitive to touch!
Is it Worth the Pain and Money ?
I am committed to get it done again in few weeks! Next day my face was little red but nothing noticeable that you have to hide out!
Hydration is the key after the treatment. My favorite Hydrating serum with hyaluronic acid was exactly the thing my face needed. in the moment you might doubt your decision but later on you would be glad you did that.


JobisJob in United States of America gives jobseekers and recruiters a head-start by making it easy for them to find each other. JobisJob USA has been driving high quality applicants to Job boards and Employers since 2007. We're in 22 countries and 9 languages. Features like Trends, Job Market Insights, and Partner pages make us not only an important marketing tool for job boards but also one of the leading Job search engines worldwide.
Job Market Insights provides a 360º view of the labour market. Using big data analytics, we've created a tool that allows you to effectively compare yourself to the market, analyse market trends and gain insight into key client behaviour as well as missing advertisers.


Born and raised in Atlanta, MacKenzie Stewart Williams graduated from the University of Georgia with a fine arts degree in 2007. After her first daughter, Ruthie, was born in 2011 she knew she wanted to put her creative degree to good use. Doing something that was flexible but also supported her family were equally as important. MacKenzie's aunt Ruth received prayer beads during a difficulty time. This gesture inspired Mackenzie to create her own beads that she called blessing beads: The Sercy Studio was born in 2012.
Since then, she has added two more to her family, Stewart and Daisy, and grown the business into something she could have only dreamed. In over 300 retail stores nationwide, as well as the online shop, she continues to be passionate about making these handmade beads that become such a special part of someone's home.


With the weather so frigid and the air so crummy lately, I've been really looking forward to Spring and finding myself drawn to both floral and feminine things. I saw this great tutorial on how to make polymer clay roses and thought I'd give it a shot. I decided to make mine more stylized and to use them as beads for a necklace.
I started out by practicing with Jellybean's play dough. I made several green roses for her. She stuck each one on a toothpick and added it to her creation.
I love scented play dough. Mmm, smells like green apple.
After I'd practiced for a little while, I decided to break out the clay.
Then I carefully poked a hole at the base of each rose using a toothpick. If you need a hole for your project, definitely remember to do it before baking.
After the roses were baked and cooled, I decided to stitch them to a lace ribbon necklace I found at Hobby Lobby.
I love the way it turned out. The necklace might work better as a choker, but I fear that my neck is too short to wear it like that.
A rose beaded necklace strung on lace. What could be more feminine? I kind of love the blue rose the most. I made several more roses and plan to put together a hair clip for Jellybean. More on that soon.
Well, how lovely is that? I'm glad it worked for you!
WOW MJ!! The necklace turned out AMAZING!!! The flowers are incredible!!
Thanks so much for partying with me last week at The DIY Dreamer... From Dream To Reality! I'm really looking forward to seeing what you share tomorrow evening!
Thanks so much for your sweet comment, Christine!


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Churchill Experiences
About Churchill
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Everything Churchill >
About Churchill, Canada
Learn about the history of Churchill and its surroundings, from the Pre-Dorset to Modern Inuit cultures through to the european fur trade and exploration of the North.
History of Churchill
Churchill's history goes way beyond that of Canada itself – archaeological digs have uncovered evidence of human existence in the area dating back some 4,000 years.
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The Town of Churchill
Located on the edge of the Arctic, Churchill has the feel of a frontier town with the amenities of a remote international tourist destination. A unique and accessible subarctic community, the town comes alive each time the train or plane arrives.
Polar bears are everywhere – on murals, signs, souvenirs and sculptures – and the live version occasionally wanders in to town as well. Conservation officers are on standby to protect both people and the bears, should one make an appearance in town.
The town of Churchill (population 900) is a northern Manitoba community accessible only by air and rail. Snowmobiles roar through town in winter and ATVs cruise by in summer. Tourism is a major contributor to the town's economy. The Port of Churchill is North America's only rail-serviced deep water Arctic port. The port receives shipments of grain and other commodities via the Hudson Bay Railway.
Town Amenities
Churchill has a grocery store and liquor mart. The Churchill Town Centre Complex houses a health centre, school, library, swimming pool, indoor playground, curling rink, theatre, hockey arena, gymnasium and fitness centre. Interior walkways, lit by overhead skylights, are lined with brightly coloured Inuit wall hangings and prints, and a big carved-wood polar bear invites children to slide through his benign mouth.
Churchill Landscapes
Churchill is located at the convergence of three major biomes: the boreal forest, tundra and marine environments. These biomes are what support the diverse and unique animals and plants that call Churchill home.
Permafrost and the presence of Canadian Shield rock formations means the soil here is shallow. This affects the size of the trees in the area. Black spruce, the most common, are generally small and often they only have branches on one side. This is because the branches are prevented from growing because of constant freezing winds off Hudson Bay.
Wapusk National Park
Located east of Churchill, Wapusk National Park protects one of the largest polar bear maternity denning areas in the world. The 11,475 square kilometre park lies at the transition between the boreal forest and the Arctic tundra.
There are no roads into the park and because of safety risks, access to the park is available only with a licensed tour operator from Churchill. Frontiers North Adventures offers up-close experiences with polar bears at Cape Churchill in fall. Located just outside the park, Wat'chee Lodge, brings visitors into Wapusk for mother and cub viewing in February and March. In the summer, Parks Canada offers canoe excursion on the Owl River, offering a chance to see wildlife as well as archeological sites. Aerial tours of Wapusk National Park are also available through Churchill's helicopter operators.
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A Churchill calendar: When to see what
Churchill, an isolated town in Manitoba's northern Hudson Bay coastline, is a magnet for outdoor adventurers and nature lovers. Experiencing Churchill's natural wonder triumvirate – kayaking with belugas, chasing the Northern Lights and seeing polar bears...
Mind-blowing moments from my Churchill summer safari
"Welcome to Churchill. Either you'll get it, and I won't have to explain it to you. Or you don't get it, and I'm not going to bother explaining it to you." Our Lazy Bear Expeditions guide Jason – a goateed, sun/wind-kissed wildlife photographer – is an...
Living on the edge in the Town of Churchill
Life on the edge on the Arctic is just a little bit different. Churchill is Manitoba's northernmost community, located where the boreal forest meets the tundra, on the shores of Hudson Bay. Every year, visitors who come here to see the wildlife end up...
Explore Churchill
Welcome to Churchill, Canada
Known as the polar bear capital of the world, Churchill is also known as a beluga whale watching hotspot and one of the best places to see the northern lights.
Start planning your trip to see beluga whales, polar bears or the northern lights!
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Experience The North
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A visit to Manitoba means travelling through Treaty 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Territories and through communities who are signatories to Treaties 6 and 10. Manitoba is located on the ancestral land of the Anishinaabeg, Anishininewuk, Dakota Oyate, Denesuline and Nehethowuk Nations and is the Homeland of the Red River Métis. Northern Manitoba includes lands that were and are the ancestral lands of the Inuit.
Travel Manitoba respects the spirit and intent of Treaties and Treaty Making and remains committed to working in partnership with First Nations, Inuit and Métis people in the spirit of truth, reconciliation and collaboration.
Find your next adventure in Manitoba.
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Recording Reviews
"Praised as "a first-rate instrumentalist" (Boston Globe), the Venezuelan viola da gamba player specializes in music by women composers and in early music from Ibero-America."(Boston Globe)
Laury Gutiérrez
She has performed under the direction of Thomas Binkley, Monica Huggett, John Holloway, and Wendy Gillespie, among others, and has been a featured guest artist-lecturer at Northeastern University, Harvard University, Brandeis University, and the University of Rhode Island. She holds degrees in solo performance and historical performance practice from Indiana University, Longy School of Music, and the College of Saint Scholastica.
She also received fellowships and a scholarship from Boston University, where she did doctoral work in historical performance. Ms. Gutiérrez is the founding director of La Donna Musicale, a non-profit organization that promotes, performs, and preserves the music of women composers. Their four groundbreaking CDs, Antonia Bembo's The Seven Psalms of David Vols. I and II, The Pleasures of Love and Libation: Airs by Julie Pinel and other Parisian Women, and Anna Bon: La virtuosa di Venezia, have received national and international critical acclaim.
With La Donna Musicale, Ms. Gutiérrez performs regularly in and around the Boston area and has toured the rest of the USA, Central Europe, and South America. She has also recorded for the film Simón Bolívar and for radio broadcasts in the USA and abroad (WGBH, NPR, WHRB, and Schweizer Radio). Ms. Gutiérrez received the Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho, Venezuela's most prestigious scholarship award for study abroad, among other top awards and recognitions.
She is also a recipient of the rarely awarded National Interest Waiver, granted by the U.S. government to noncitizens "who because of their exceptional ability… will substantially benefit the national economy, cultural, or educational interests or welfare of the United States." A 2009 Fellow at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, she was included in a 2009 exhibit honoring 100 Boston-area women for their leadership and achievements. Currently, she is a resident scholar at the Women's Studies Research Center, Brandeis University, MA.
Thank you for visiting the LADM Store! We hope you enjoy our CDs and Publications. Dismiss


Is This What a Modern Honda NSR250R Would Look Like?
The Honda NSR250R is a special machine. When the 249cc, two-stroke, 90° v-twin GP bike with lights first hit the streets of Japan, it cost roughly $7,500 in hard-earned American dollars — a tidy sum back then, especially for a 300 lbs machine that made 40hp stock.
So how do you improve upon such a great machine? Ask the folks at TYGA Performance, who have been tinkering with NSR250R sport bikes since they opened in 2000.
All that effort and expertise has culminated in the ultimate NSR250R, an MC28, which will almost make you swear-off large-displacement four-strokes for the rest of your life.
Celebrating 25 years of MC28 Rothmans SP bikes, the guys at TYGA wanted to imagine what a Honda NSR250R would be like if they were still available, made with more modern technology and parts.
A timely thought, as in 2015 we see the resurgence of small-displacement machines on the motorcycle landscape. The downside of that of course is that the 250cc/300cc machines have been budget-spec street bikes, which may be good for new motorcyclists, but are only a halfway-measure for long-time riders who are looking for small, but fast, track weapons.
"If there is a market for this type of bike is debatable, and I am not sure there is but in the car world, there are plenty of people who like smaller lighter cars such as the Lotus," explained Paul Pearmain, CEO of TYGA Performance.
For the spec-sheet racers, the TYGA-spec NSR250R makes a screaming 75hp (almost double the stock figure), thanks to a 300cc big-bore kit, with some additional porting. Additionally, all the weight-saving pieces have brought the ready-to-go with fuel wet weight to a tune of 115kg (253 lbs).
That's an impressive power-to-weight ratio, for any size bike, though we think it's the overall tastiness of the TYGA package that will entice enthusiasts to the performance house's doorstep. Enjoy the photos and specs below, we certainly did.


Fox Business host David Asman baselessly speculated that health care reform's Medicaid expansion could bankrupt states, a prediction at odds with economic experts who have declared the expansion "a very favorable financial deal for states."
The Affordable Care Act allows states to expand Medicaid programs to provide coverage for people whose income falls below 138 percent of the federal poverty level. Initially, the federal government covers the full cost of new enrollees. After 2016, the federal government will continue to pay 90 percent of the program's cost.
ASMAN: States are spending 30 - 40 percent of their entire budget on Medicaid. And as these more people sign on to Medicaid because of Obamacare, they're going to not only cost us taxpayers more money on the federal level, but they may make some states go bankrupt, because they won't be able to keep up with all those extra Medicaid patients.
CBO estimates show that the federal government will bear nearly 93 percent of the costs of the Medicaid expansion over its first nine years (2014-2022). The federal government will pick up 100 percent of the cost of covering people made newly eligible for Medicaid for the first three years (2014-2016) and no less than 90 percent on a permanent basis.
The additional cost to the states represents a 2.8 percent increase in what they would have spent on Medicaid from 2014 to 2022 in the absence of health reform, the CBO estimates indicate.
This 2.8 percent figure significantly overstates the net impact on state budgets because it does not reflect the savings that state and local governments will realize in other health care spending for the uninsured. The Urban Institute has estimated that overall state savings in these areas will total between $26 and $52 billion from 2014 through 2019. The Lewin Group estimates state and local government savings of $101 billion in uncompensated care.
Some offsets come from: transitioning current Medicaid coverage for specific groups (such as breast and cervical cancer targeted coverage) to "newly eligible" coverage, which has a higher federal match rate; transitioning current Medicaid coverage for individuals with incomes above 138% FPL to coverage in the exchange; and reduced state spending for programs that serve indigent populations (such as state-funded mental health or substance abuse programs). States could also see revenue from broader economic effects of the Medicaid expansion, such as increased jobs, income and state tax revenues at the state level within the health care sector and beyond due to the multiplier effect of spending.
Researchers find that a dollar of Medicaid spending increases spending both in the health-care sector and in other industries.
"For every dollar that a state spends, federal funding filters through the state economies," says Robin Rudowitz, associate director for the Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. "That tends to go both into health service vendors as well as other sectors."
Medicaid acts as a stimulus in two ways. First, increased federal spending on health care can, in tough budget times, free up state dollars for other spending. Medicaid spending can also ripple through the private sector, stimulating increased employment that leads to higher household spending.


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$10,000 in 1870 is worth $226,562.60 today
$10,000 in 1875 → 2023
Value of $10,000 from 1870 to 2023
$10,000 in 1870 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $226,562.60 today, an increase of $216,562.60 over 153 years. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.06% per year between 1870 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 2,165.63%.
This means that today's prices are 22.66 times as high as average prices since 1870, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics consumer price index. A dollar today only buys 4.414% of what it could buy back then.
The inflation rate in 1870 was -3.68%. The current inflation rate compared to last year is now 6.45%. If this number holds, $10,000 today will be equivalent in buying power to $10,645.44 next year. The current inflation rate page gives more detail on the latest inflation rates.
Buying Power of $10,000
Converted amount ($10,000 base) $226,562.60
Price difference ($10,000 base) $216,562.60
Inflation in 1870 -3.68%
$10,000 in 1870 $226,562.60 in 2023
Buying power of $10,000 in 1870
This chart shows a calculation of buying power equivalence for $10,000 in 1870 (price index tracking began in 1635).
For example, if you started with $10,000, you would need to end with $226,562.60 in order to "adjust" for inflation (sometimes refered to as "beating inflation").
When $10,000 is equivalent to $226,562.60 over time, that means that the "real value" of a single U.S. dollar decreases over time. In other words, a dollar will pay for fewer items at the store.
This effect explains how inflation erodes the value of a dollar over time. By calculating the value in 1870 dollars, the chart below shows how $10,000 is worth less over 153 years.
1870 $10,000.00 -3.68%
1871 $9,312.98 -6.87%
1872 $9,312.98 0.00%
1917 $9,770.99 17.43%
1918 $11,526.72 17.97%
1921 $13,664.12 -10.50%
1923 $13,053.44 1.79%
1991 $103,969.47 4.21%
2009 $163,768.70 -0.36%
2023 $226,562.60 1.42%*
Click to show 147 more rows
This conversion table shows various other 1870 amounts in today's dollars, based on the 2,165.63% change in prices:
Conversion: 1870 dollars today
$1 dollar in 1870 $22.66 dollars today
$5 dollars in 1870 $113.28 dollars today
$10 dollars in 1870 $226.56 dollars today
$50 dollars in 1870 $1,132.81 dollars today
$100 dollars in 1870 $2,265.63 dollars today
$500 dollars in 1870 $11,328.13 dollars today
$1,000 dollars in 1870 $22,656.26 dollars today
$5,000 dollars in 1870 $113,281.30 dollars today
$10,000 dollars in 1870 $226,562.60 dollars today
$50,000 dollars in 1870 $1,132,812.98 dollars today
$100,000 dollars in 1870 $2,265,625.95 dollars today
$500,000 dollars in 1870 $11,328,129.77 dollars today
$1,000,000 dollars in 1870 $22,656,259.54 dollars today
Inflation can also vary widely by country. For comparison, in the UK £10,000.00 in 1870 would be equivalent to £1,522,896.34 in 2023, an absolute change of £1,512,896.34 and a cumulative change of 15,128.96%.
Compare these numbers to the US's overall absolute change of $216,562.60 and total percent change of 2,165.63%.
Food and beverages 4.01 40,582.51 4,068,251.30
Housing 4.23 56,635.84 5,673,583.78
Apparel 1.99 1,926.13 202,612.91
Transportation 3.43 17,236.26 1,733,625.90
Medical care 4.68 109,727.83 10,982,782.81
Recreation 1.27 590.69 69,068.52
Education and communication 1.81 1,456.27 155,627.39
Other goods and services 4.98 168,256.15 16,835,614.58
How to calculate inflation rate for $10,000 since 1870
Our calculations use the following inflation rate formula to calculate the change in value between 1870 and today:
CPI today CPI in 1870
Today's value
Then plug in historical CPI values. The U.S. CPI was 13.1 in the year 1870 and 296.797 in 2023:
$10,000 in 1870 has the same "purchasing power" or "buying power" as $226,562.60 in 2023.
296.797 - 13.113.1
You may use the following MLA citation for this page: "$10,000 in 1870 → 2023 | Inflation Calculator." Official Inflation Data, Alioth Finance, 15 Jan. 2023, https://www.officialdata.org/us/inflation/1870?amount=10000.


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Is that gross breadsticks or net breadsticks?
The public library service is in crisis, it needs help. Large numbers of libraries are being cut, the rest are being hollowed out and handed over to volunteers. What's left might still look like a library service on a smaller scale but like the set of Coronation Street its a wooden facade, designed to look like a street but it only has two dimensions and is supported by a wooden frame and in this metaphor the frame isn't librarians is volunteers and the facade will not stand up to the wind and will fall as the volunteers are not strong enough to hold it up.
Campaigners despite legal challenges and huge campaigns cannot breach the bubble of creative inertia that surrounds the DCMS. All councils have to do is get the process right with the correct boxes ticked and they can close as many libraries as they like and hand the rest over to unwilling volunteers. The DCMS and the minister in my view are breaking the 1964 public libraries act both in spirit and in fact and we are currently unable to stop them. The civil servants in the DCMS have failed the public who they are supposed to serve. The minister in opposition was a lion in defence of libraries and was calling for intervention in the Wirral publically, putting forward a early day motion and calling for intervention and saying if it didn't happen libraries being a statutory requirement was meaningless. Now a couple of years on and hundreds of libraries closed/probably many times that handed over to unwilling volunteers later and there isn't a crisis. We know politicians can be two face at the best of times but Vaizey has really raised the bar with his contrary positions on public libraries. His line "I don't accept the public library service is in crisis" goes down in history for me with other great political lies of the last few years like:
Saddam Hussein's regime is despicable, he is developing weapons of mass destruction
I did not have sexual relations with that women
Read my lips, no new taxes
I pledge to vote against any increase in tuition fees in the next parliament.
We cannot allow him to keep repeating the lie unchallenged. The great line of Cicero that politicians are not born, they are excreted was surely meant for Ed and his conduct over libraries. I take my hat off to Jo Richardson and Tom Roper for putting forward the no confidence vote in Vaizey, they have stepped up and shown great courage and integrity in putting this motion and I hope all their colleagues can back them to the hilt, it would be very wrong to lobby on the side of Vaizey. I hope therefore CILIP can come together with one voice and make it clear to the DCMS and Vaizey that their head in the sand approach to the superintendence of the library service is a insult to the staff and users of the library service. I know things can be fractious between campaigners and librarians and we won't agree on everything but I hope we can agree on this, Vaizey isn't doing the job he is paid to do.
http://noconfidenceinedvaizey.wordpress.com/2013/07/24/no-confidence-in-ed-vaizey/
Rubymalvolio at 12:56
Rubymalvolio
From the grim North East but living in Oxfordshire. Wondering why the roads are so rubbish.


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Q: How to use Netty to handle Http Keep-Alive connections I'm trying to write a HTTP client that uses HTTP keep-alive connections. When I connection from the ClientBoostrap I get the channel. Can I reuse this for sending multiple HTTP requests? Is there any examples demonstrating the HTTP Keep Alive functionality?
Also I have another question. Now my client works without keep-alive connections. I'm calling the channel.close in the messageReceived method of the ClientHandler. But it seems the connections are not getting closed and after some time the sockets run out and I get a BindException. Any pointers will be really appreciated.
Thanks

A: As long as the Connection header is not set to CLOSE (and possible the HttpVersion is 1.1, though uncertain) by a line of code similar to this...
request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.Names.CONNECTION, HttpHeaders.Values.CLOSE);
...your channel should remain open for multiple request/response pairs.
Here is some example code that I whipped up today to test it.  You can bounce any number of requests off of Google prior to the channel closing:
 public class TestHttpClient {
    static class HttpResponseReader extends SimpleChannelUpstreamHandler {
        int remainingRequests = 2;

        @Override
        public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
            HttpResponse response = (HttpResponse) e.getMessage();

            System.out.println("Beginning -------------------");
            System.out.println(new String(response.getContent().slice(0, 50).array()));
            System.out.println("End -------------------\n");

            if(remainingRequests-- > 0)
                sendRequest(ctx.getChannel());
            else
                ctx.getChannel().close();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClientBootstrap bootstrap = new ClientBootstrap(new NioClientSocketChannelFactory());
        bootstrap.setPipeline(Channels.pipeline(
                new HttpClientCodec(),
                new HttpResponseReader()));
        // bootstrap.setOption("child.keepAlive", true); // no apparent effect

        ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(new InetSocketAddress("google.com", 80));
        Channel channel = future.awaitUninterruptibly().getChannel();

        channel.getCloseFuture().addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
            public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
                // this winds up getting called immediately after the receipt of the first message by HttpResponseReader!
                System.out.println("Channel closed");
            }
        });

        sendRequest(channel);

        while(true) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private static void sendRequest(Channel channel) {
        // Prepare the HTTP request.
        HttpRequest request = new DefaultHttpRequest(
                HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.GET, "http://www.google.com");
        request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.Names.HOST, "google.com");
        request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.Names.ACCEPT_ENCODING, HttpHeaders.Values.GZIP);

        channel.write(request);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Kill your Darling" is the one-of-a-kind multimedia project that combines mobile, Internet, Free TV and viewer participation!
After partying in the club "Kill your Darling", Tim's friends fall into the hands of the merciless serial killer known as the "Face Slasher".
In desperation, they film their escape attempts with their cell phones and a mysterious friend uploads the files. This is module 1, in which the viewers receive the same information as Tim: 30 short 3-minute clips either via cell phone or online download.
In module 2, Tim asks the viewers to help him find his friends through various online platforms – this is the "Kill Your Darling" virtual world in which users can actively participate.
Suddenly, Tim vanishes – a clue delivered by the viewers has led him to the entrance of the killer's hideout where his friends are being held captive.
Module 3, the movie, broadcasts: the police has arrested. Years ago, Tim had lost his memory after a car accident and now that his friends have disappeared without a trace, Investigator Meisner believes that he is a psychopathic copycat of the "Face Slasher".
Escaping from the psychiatric ward where he is confined, Tim is driven to prove his innocence and find the real killer before his friends become the next victims.


text:
package com.intel.analytics.bigdl.nn

import com.intel.analytics.bigdl.nn.abstractnn.{AbstractModule, TensorModule}
import com.intel.analytics.bigdl.tensor.Tensor
import com.intel.analytics.bigdl.tensor.TensorNumericMath.TensorNumeric

import scala.reflect.ClassTag

/**
 * Apply SoftSign function to an n-dimensional input Tensor.
 *
 * SoftSign function: f_i(x) = x_i / (1+|x_i|)
 */

@SerialVersionUID(- 3936698382129844874L)
class SoftSign[T: ClassTag, D: ClassTag]()
    (implicit ev: TensorNumeric[T], ev2: TensorNumeric[D])
  extends AbstractModule[Tensor[D], Tensor[D], T] {

  @transient private var temp: Tensor[D] = null
  @transient private var tempGrad: Tensor[D] = null

  output = Tensor[D]()
  gradInput = Tensor[D]()

  override def updateOutput(input: Tensor[D]): Tensor[D] = {
    if (null == temp) {
      temp = input.clone()
    } else {
      temp.resizeAs(input).copy(input)
    }
    temp.abs().add(ev2.fromType[Int](1))
    output.resizeAs(input).copy(input).cdiv(temp)
    output
  }

  override def updateGradInput(input: Tensor[D], gradOutput: Tensor[D]): Tensor[D] = {
    if (null == tempGrad) {
      tempGrad = input.clone()
    } else {
      tempGrad.resizeAs(output).copy(input)
    }
    tempGrad.abs().add(ev2.fromType[Int](1)).cmul(tempGrad)
    gradInput.resizeAs(input).copy(gradOutput).cdiv(tempGrad)
    gradInput
  }

  override def getClassTagNumerics() : (Array[ClassTag[_]], Array[TensorNumeric[_]]) = {
    (Array[ClassTag[_]](scala.reflect.classTag[T], scala.reflect.classTag[D]),
      Array[TensorNumeric[_]](ev, ev2))
  }
}

object SoftSign {
  def apply[@specialized(Float, Double) T: ClassTag, D: ClassTag]()
      (implicit ev: TensorNumeric[T], ev2: TensorNumeric[D]) : SoftSign[T, D] = {
    new SoftSign[T, D]()
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Duo prepare to enter Nigerian telecoms market
Nigerian newspaper Business Day reports that two CDMA operators are preparing to enter the country's telecoms market, namely Intercellular under the 'Expresso' banner and O Mobile. Nigerian fixed-wireless operator Intercellular was established in 1998, providing services over a CDMA IS-95 network in Lagos using the 800MHz band. In May 2006 it was awarded one of the first new unified access service (UAS) licences, allowing the company to operate in both the fixed and mobile arenas. In December 2007 Expresso Telecom, the international investment arm of Sudanese telco Sudatel, paid USD50 million for a 70% stake in Intercellular in December 2007 and pledged to rebuild the company's operations from the ground up. The new investor also announced it would inject USD100 million annually in the company over the next five years, commencing in January 2008.
Meanwhile, Prestel Satellite Communications, operating as O-Mobile, is also set to launch services. The report states that the company previously operated in Edo State but is believed to have been bought up by a local business family, which has a large stake in one of Nigeria's 25 consolidated banks. The telecoms company is also in possession of a UAS licence and will also deploy a CDMA network.
Nigeria, InterC Network (formerly Intercellular), Sudatel (Sudani), Wireless


text:
Homechevron_rightSportschevron_rightIndia starts favourite ...
date_range 27 Nov 2018 3:10 PM GMT
India starts favourite in Test series: Gilchrist
Sydney, Adam Gilchrist is expecting Virat Kohli to do an encore of 2014-15 Test series but for India to win the coveted Border-Gavaskar Trophy, the other batsmen will have to rally around its talismanic skipper.
"Going ahead into the Test series, I expect Virat Kohli will have another imperious outing like he did in 2014 (694 runs in four Tests at average 86.50). I have spoken with him these last few days, seen his confidence, and seeing the way he batted in Sydney, I will be very surprised if he doesn't," Gilchrist told PTI during an interview.
"The key for India winning this series, though, will be the batsmen around him. Will they support him enough to allow India to get enough runs, and give their good bowling attack enough opportunity to defend or even bowl Australia twice in a Test?" he added.
Early inroads
When asked if there could be a particular ploy from Australia to stop Kohli, Gilchrist replied,"I don't think I will be able to pinpoint a plan because I don't know. At best, Australia will have to be patient. They will have to play good old-fashioned Test cricket. Their best hope is to make early inroads in the Indian batting and bowl at Kohli with the new ball.
"Of course, they have to attack all batsmen and not just him, especially when they are new to the crease. But they also need to know when to go defensive and play the patience game against him for long hours."
Gilchrist conceded that India starts favourite but added that it won't take too much for Australia to be dominant in its own conditions.
"India start as favourites for this Test series mainly because they have a reasonable idea of their team composition. They have a strong understanding what combination they want to play with.
"Maybe 1-2 spots will be up for grabs but otherwise their playing eleven is very much set. I think India have a stable Test team. Whereas if you look at Australia, I don't think their selectors are quite sure about the line-up or team balance. This is a new phase for Australian cricket."
"Having said that, I think either side can win the series. It won't take much for Australia to be confident in their own conditions and start dominating the series. We have seen this happen in the past as well.
Top bowling attacks
"Both teams have top-drawer bowling attacks, so it will come down to which batting line-up can eliminate collapses. Kohli talked about India's tour of England and said that when they were poor, they were really poor, and hence lost. India have only batted reasonably well in patches in both South Africa and England. They are favourites, but they also have to be honest with themselves," said Gilchrist.
"I think it was a reasonably even T20I series. India were slightly the more dominant team in two matches. They were certainly unlucky in Melbourne because they were controlling that match. So the series could have finished 2-1 in their favour."
Gilchrist opined that there is no way Australia will be able to replace the duo.
"Smith and Warner have scored a lion's share of Australia's runs over the last couple years or so, and this is a huge loss, no doubt. They are clearly going to miss them, especially Smith because he is in the same space as Kohli.
"Even Cameron Bancroft is a big miss, because he provided a calming influence at the top as a Test opener. In their absence, my advice for Australia would be to bat in a group. And they need to avoid what India did in South Africa and England.


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text:
Home News Reports Assam's Congress era Louis-Berger scam under lens again : CBI to intensify probe
News ReportsPolitics
Assam's Congress era Louis-Berger scam under lens again : CBI to intensify probe
OpIndia Staff
Engagements1497
CBI is likely to intensify its investigation in Assam in the high-profile Louis-Berger scam. A team of the agency is likely to visit the state next week and conduct further investigations. Louis-Berger is a US-based construction management firm which had revealed that they had paid bribes to government officials in Goa and Assam to get contracts.
The case goes back to 2015 when top executives of the company pleaded guilty of paying bribes of millions of Dollars worldwide in a federal court. The bribes were paid to win contracts and to avoid prosecution in accounting frauds including overbilling in various counties. The list of corruption included bribes paid to win water projects in Goa and Assam.
According to information released by US department of justice, by A total of $976,630 paid in the two states, which included payments to a minister in Goa government and officials of respective departments in both Goa and Assam in the year 2010. The names of the minister and officials were not revealed by US officials. The bribes were paid to get water projects in both the states. When the contracts were allotted to the company, both states were ruled by Congress governments.
In Assam, the company worked on a water supply project in Guwahati which is being executed by Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA), which comes under Guwahati Development ministry of Assam government. Although the US court reports say that only some officials received bribes in Assam, it did not stop trading accusation by Congress and BJP. Former CM Traun Gogoi has alleged that BJP leader and minister Himanta Biswa Sarma is involved in the scam, as he was Guwahati Development Minister in the Gogoi government when Sarma was in Congress. On the other hand, Sarma says that he was the minister of the department only for a short period and the department was under the Chief Minister for the rest of the time.
After the revelations in the US, investigations started in the two states to find out who got the alleged bribes. In Assam, the case was being investigated by CID of Assam, but last year Gauhati High Court handed over the probe to CBI, expressing dissatisfaction over how CID was handling the investigation. In October last year, CBI took over the case and conducted preliminary investigations.
CBI probe
Congress corruption
Editorial Desk - July 16, 2019
It is indeed poetic that a show on Kargil was done a channel backed by a Congress leader, and it was hosted by Barkha Dutt.
Flood situation remains grim in Assam, 43 lakh people in 31 of 33 districts of the state affected
Assam has seen one of the most devastating floods in recent years.


Hello, I am new to scouts and have just joined as a leader. Wondering if anybody on the forum has run a Geocaching session? My section is keen to run a Geocaching session in October and they have asked me to organise it!
Keen to learn of anyone's experience and whether they have any tips to pass on. Do we need any specialist equipment? What sort of areas did groups use for this activity (towns, countryside, etc).


text:
M.Global, Jamberry, Avisae Merge into BeneYOU
By DSN Staff | November 14, 2018
Direct selling companies M.Global, Jamberry and Avisae have joined together to form the newly launched BeneYOU, LLC.
The move is the culmination of a series of strategic moves that have occurred throughout 2018, including M.Global's June acquisition of assets from Jamberry, which offered beauty and skin care products, and the recent welcoming of Utah-based Avisae, a health and wellness company.
"As a relatively young company, we've made several strategic decisions during 2018 that position us for dynamic expansion and provide our Associates and Customers with personalized growth opportunities along with a product mix that offers a total approach to wellness and beauty," said BeneYOU President and CEO Ryan Anderson. "We love that this new company communicates our commitment to helping people around the world become 'a better you.'"
The company also announced the appointment of Dave Wentz as board chairman of BeneYOU. Wentz, the former CEO of USANA Health Sciences, has also served as chairman of the Direct Selling Association Board of Directors and chairman of the Direct Selling Education Foundation.
"I'm excited to join the team at BeneYOU," said Wentz. "Our synergistic product mix—coupled with an individualized approach to wellness and entrepreneurship—presents us with the opportunity to become a powerful force in evolving the direct-sales industry in the new gig economy."
Avisae founders Brooks Yates and Brent Ririe will also have leadership roles at BeneYOU. Yates will serve as the company's executive vice president of IT and Finance, while Ririe will engage his skills and experience to drive business activity as a top field leader.
Anderson said the existing brand names for each product line will remain the same. For the immediate future, BeneYOU will also retain the websites for each product line.
Posted in Jamberry, News and tagged Avisae, BeneYOU, Brent Ririe, Brooks Yates, Dave Wentz, Direct Selling, Direct Selling Association, Direct Selling Education Foundation, Direct Selling News, DSN, Jamberry, jamberry merger, M.Global, Merge, merger, MLM, Multi-Level Marketing, Ryan Anderson, USANA Health Sciences, Utah


text:
Sophos Acquires Network Security Firm Cyberoam Technologies
Sophos announced on Monday that it has acquired Cyberoam Technologies, an Ahmedabad, India-based network security company.
The acquisition expands Sophos' portfolio in network security, and will combine Cyberoam's Unified Threat Management (UTM), next-generation firewalls with Sophos' existing security UTM and wireless security offerings.
According to Sophos CEO Kris Hagerman, the company has no plans to make any changes to either company's 2014 UTM product roadmaps.
"Over time, we will certainly look for opportunities to leverage the best of both companies to enhance our existing products and to add new products to our roadmap," Hagerman said.
The acquisition expands and accelerates Sophos' network security product lines with an expanded presence in UTM, advanced threat protection, wireless and next generation firewalls.
Founded in 1999, Cyberoam has more than 65,000 customers, more than 550 employees, and a network of 5,500 partners, with particular strength in India, the Middle East, and Africa.
Combined, Sophos and Cyberoam will have more than 2,200 employees, with more than 600 focused on network security, including more than 350 in R&D.
Terms of the acquisition were not disclosed.
In May 2011, Sophos acquired UTM maker Astaro, and in April 2012, acquired DIALOGS, a small European mobile device management firm.


Two more Senate Republicans have declared their opposition to the latest plan to overhaul the nation's health-care system, potentially ending a months-long effort to make good on a GOP promise that has defined the party for nearly a decade and been a top priority for President Trump. Sens. Mike Lee (Utah) and Jerry Moran (Kan.) issued statements declaring that they would not vote for the revamped measure.
My Son Has a Preexisting Condition. He's One of the Reasons I Voted for the AHCA.


UFO Sighting in Hooksett, New Hampshire on 2018-07-08 12:30:00 - Was flying in a perpendicular pattern from the airplain that was in the visinity.. was going about 2 times the speed of the aircraft.
I went outside to smoke a cigarette, i looked up in the sky and i noticed a strange object flying perpendicular to an airplane. it was circular and white, was half the size of the airplane, and had no other identifiable characteristics. i thought nothing of it at first; but they looked like they might collide, i then observed that the craft was moving about 2-3 times faster than the airplane, and it flew right over it. i attempted to take a video of it, but when i pulled out my phone it was out of sight. i was able to continue watching the airplane for about another 30 seconds before it left my viewing area. it was so strange, i can't explain it!


text:
First Parlour Safe graduates complete course
The first graduates of a new milking machinery technician's course have completed their qualification – with 10 students from across the country becoming the first to hold the new Parlour Safe certification.
The MEA (Milking Equipment Association) recently teamed up with Reaseheath College in Cheshire and Hartpury College in Gloucestershire, to establish an industry-wide training programme – Parlour Safe – that'll give dairy farmers confidence in the ability of the parlour professional on their farm.
"The objective of the Parlour Safe scheme is to provide a common means of benchmarking and monitoring for assessing the competence of technicians and others employed within the milking equipment sector," says Mike Cullen, Parlour Safe course leader at Reaseheath.
"It's an excellent way of ensuring that farmers know who is ensuring their dairy equipment is working efficiently and is correctly maintained by someone with a recognised technical qualification."
The scheme acknowledges the varying levels of knowledge and experience within the industry, so has devised four categories of qualification, each one having specific pre-requisites and offering even those most experienced an opportunity to learn and share information.
Category one involves self-registration online, category two is the standard qualification, category three advanced and category four master.
The first grouping of 10 students completed their category three qualification, and including industry expert John Baines, technical director at Fullwood Ltd, who has over 40 years of experience but feels there is always scope to learn.
"I think it's important to develop professionally and demonstrate to your customers that you're proactive and willing to learn," he says. "This course allowed me to benchmark my skills against other professionals, and to improve my knowledge of what is a fast-changing industry."
Those on the course found it invaluable, both in terms of looking at a holistic approach to the whole milking parlour, and to exchange ideas with fellow students.
"We are delighted the industry is taking this issue so seriously, and that we have so many potential students wanting to take future courses," says Ruth Bailey, CEO of the Milking Equipment Association.
"With milking equipment getting more and more sophisticated, it's crucial that we set standards for our technicians, and that farmers have the reassurance that they're working with properly qualified individuals.
"A category three Parlour Safe technician can be professionally registered with the Engineering Council, after which he is able to use the initials 'EngTech' after his name, signifying that he has met the necessary competence and commitment standards."
The first 10 students to complete the Reaseheath category three course were:
David Blackburn who works for Lely in Aberdeen;
Andrew Davies who works for Fullwood in Shropshire;
Robin Hancock, DeLaval in Ireland;
Clive Birch, Fullwood, south west;
Keith Stewart, GEA, Stoneleigh, Warwickshire;
Gareth Thomas, GEA, South Wales;
Andy Fray, DeLaval, southern England;
Iain Burdon, GEA, south west;
Andy Pitman, Fullwood, Shropshire;
John Baines, Fullwood, Shropshire.


text:
Q: Reference of new object in unit test I have the following method I'd like to test in combination with MOQ:
public Company CreateCompany(Company company)
{
    UnitOfWork.CompanyRepository.Insert(company);
    //Give the user who created a company all permissions
    UnitOfWork.CompanyPermissionRepository.Insert(new CompanyPermission
    {
        Useraccount = UnitOfWork.UseraccountRepository.GetByID(this.GetLoggedInUseraccount(this.Context.Session).Id),
        Company = company,
        AddUser = true,
        CreateProject = true,
        DeleteCompany = true,
        DeleteFile = true,
        DownloadFile = true,
        EditCompany = true,
        ManageProjectPermission = true,
        RemoveUser = true,
        UploadFile = true
   });
   UnitOfWork.Save();

   return company;

}
I basically want to check if the new CompanyPermission object was inserted to the repository:
companyPermissionRepository.Verify(r => r.Insert(companyPermissions.allCompanyPermissions));

This is my setup:
companyPermissionRepository = new Mock<IGenericRepository<CompanyPermission>>();
unitOfWork.Setup(r => r.CompanyPermissionRepository).Returns(companyPermissionRepository.Object);

My allCompanyPermissions object in unit-test is created with the same values like in the CreateCompany-method but the unit-test fails. I think this is because the two objects have the same values, but have different references- there are 2 objects in memory which are "different". Is this correct? How would I be able to fix it?

A: Since you are inserting a new CompanyPermission object everytime, and it does not take any parameter from its dependency, there are two things that come to mind.
You could just test that CompanyPermissionRepository.Insert was called with a CompanyPermission object.
companyPermissionRepository.Verify(r => r.Insert(It.IsAny<CompanyPermission>());

Or, if you want to be thorough (recommended), use Moq's It.Is
companyPermissionRepository.Verify(r => r.Insert(It.Is<CompanyPermission>(cp => cp.AddUser=true && ....)


Jurgen Klopp says he was happy to splash more cash than any other Premier League club. And he is more than happy to defend the financial splurge given that it will be in the pursuit of silverware. You can back Liverpool for the title or any specific game using these bet365 bonus codes.
The Kop giants have dug deep during the summer and Klopp has forked out around £177million bringing marquee signings such as Samba keeper Alisson, Guinean midfielder Naby Keita, Brazilian defender Fabinho and Swiss attacker Xherdan Shaqiri to Merseyside.
Klopp, who saw his side agonisingly miss out to Real Madrid in the Champions League final at the end of last season, says no-one should be surprised at the level of money spent on new recruits.
"My own expectations are always pretty high, we'll have to make the most of the pressure after spending a lot. It's always my expectation to reach the highest level but it doesn't work all the time.
"I think for us it was pretty normal there would be one point where we spend more money. The last few years I've had to sit here and defend our transfer behaviour, we sold more than we brought in. It all makes sense, we had to create a squad which is strong enough and wide enough to cope with the Premier League.
The challenging task ahead for Klopp and his troops is to reach the summit and it is widely accepted that if they are to do that they must pip Manchester City. And Klopp remains confident that his charges can achieve this given their track record against Pepe Guardiola's men.
"You all ask me about the gap to City and what we have to do, it has nothing to do with City. City took three points from us, we took three points from them but we lost them in other games. Win all of them and it is good but it is pretty difficult to do because not only the other Big Six, you see how Wolverhampton acts, how Fulham acts and how Everton acts — they are all ambitious.


The ABODO National Apartment Report aggregates and analyzes data from the millions of verified listings on ABODO.com. Each listing is paired with a 5-digit zip code. Within each zip code, we calculate the average price of 1-bedroom apartments that are currently available for rent within a specified time period. The data is gathered and analyzed on a month-to-month basis. The data for the September National Apartment Report reflects the changes in rent price from August 1, 2016 to September 1, 2016.
The data found on ABODO.com is sourced from properties from across the country, spanning 50 states, thousands of cities and neighborhoods. Our vast database of rental properties is pulled from reliable sources and syndicate relationships with other listing platforms. We've gathered pricing and amenities information for more than 1,000,000 rentals across the country, including thousands of listings within walking and commuting distance of almost 500 university and college campuses. We also have an internal team that contacts properties directly, if those properties do not make their listings available through a reliable service.
Ready to start your search? Contact us today to get started!


> Malaga (Spain) RFID products developed by our qualified engineers.
> Grenoble (France) PREMO France is the design center of Inductive components (planar technology) and EMI filters.
PREMO Wuxi works close to APAC customers (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan) and develops small power products and EMC filter, in June 2009 started to work the R&D center in Tangier (Morocco).
The PREMO Group R&D department designs a wide range of inductive components that are used in electronic equipment in many different sectors worldwide. To achieve the highest customer satisfaction, PREMO Group has a team of 35 skilled engineers working with the most modern equipment to define the product characteristics and fulfil the most demanding customer requirements with the most cost effective solutions. Premo group is certified with ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO TS16949.
PREMO is certified with ISO 9001 and ISO TS16949.
Ultrafine wire windings (up to 12microns).
RF antennas development for LF and HF.
BEMC support and filter development.
Power product development, special product for automotive and avionics.
High power chocke, development and manufacturing.
Fully automatization and testing of components for automotive market.
according to electrical description of the application.
More than 100 new products per year and 2-year catalogue update.
Planar technology for hybrid vehicles (automotive sector).
R&D Teams have forged good links with local universities (Barcelona, Málaga, Madrid in Spain and Grenoble in France), a source of development ideas and implementation partners.


Here is a selected bibliography of other writers and works you may be interested in from the Romantic, Victorian, and Early Modern Periods.
The Prelude or The Growth of a Poet's Mind This is a book-length poem, but there are many editions which have excellent footnotes and explanations.
Biographia Literaria. This is Coleridge's philosophical work. Like Wordsworth's The Prelude, it is book-length. If interested, I would suggest reading a summary.
Sir Walter Scott, try one of his novels.
Jane Austen, any of her novels. Probably Pride and Prejudice is the best.