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Last updated 24 September 2018
Commemoration, Cult of the Fallen (Union of South Africa)
By Jacques Jean Pierre de Vries
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South Africa's First World War cult of commemoration has long centred around the 1st South African Infantry Brigade's fight at Delville Wood, shaped by the socio-political exigencies in South Africa between the Anglo Boer War of 1899-1902, the First World War, and the short-lived Afrikaner Rebellion. Efforts have been made since 1994 to commemorate all fallen South Africans, including those from the South African Native Labour Contingent and the Cape Corps. This paper outlines contributions by South Africans in the First World War that gained commemorative cult status and how this changed over time.
2 Views of the War
3 The Chronology and Colour of South African Great War Memorials
4 Veterans' Organisations
5 A Century of Commemoration Revisited
6 Transformative Commemoration
Introduction↑
Delville Wood, a small forest adjacent to the Somme town of Longueval, was the site of the first substantial blooding of the 1st South African Infantry Brigade on the Western Front. For nearly a week in July 1916, South Africa's men stood their ground there against German advances. They emerged days later much diminished in numbers, but not defeated. Delville Wood and the exploits of the men who fought there would become the focal point of memorialisation of South African valour on the Western Front during the Great War — white South African valour. This did not change until the twilight years of apartheid when greater recognition was given to the contribution of black and coloured South African citizens in their respective manifestations of wartime valour.
Views of the War↑
The commencement of the war precipitated a short-lived Afrikaner rebellion in South Africa from 14 September 1914 to 4 February 1915 against the pro-British Empire government under General Louis Botha (1862-1919).[1] This manifested the divided views on the country's participation in this war, strongly influencing the kind of commemoration which was undertaken in its wake. Botha's willingness to contribute troops to the war against Germany, which had rendered moral support and weapons exports to the Boer Republics in the late 1890s, seemed anathema to many South Africans from the aforementioned territories. A memorandum generated by the Union Defence Force (UDF) regarding the raising of a force for service in German South West Africa noted with concern the "spirit of antagonism and disloyalty displayed by a very large section of the population towards any suggestion of … assistance to the cause of the Allies". The Union government's crushing of the Afrikaner Rebellion did not quench the "smouldering ashes [that] still remained in the bosoms of a large section of the public in this country." The report deemed it vitally important not to strip the country of all of its loyal citizens at this critical time.[2]
At the end of the South African War of 1899-1902, tensions between British and English-speaking South Africans and Dutch/Afrikaans-speaking South Africans would pave the way for a "long history of conflict that had aggravated a strongly anti-British sentiment... leaving 'the reverberations of menace'".[3] Although the war's end in 1902 set in motion a series of events which would, in 1910, constitutionally unify the four separate territories within present day South Africa, namely the Cape Colony, Natal, the Orange Free State and the Transvaal Republic, tensions between "Boer and Brit", would not slacken; nor was the inexorable build-up of segregation laws against the non-white population of the country dulled. Chief among these laws was the 1913 Native Land Act. These policies would eventually be seen in the division of the UDF's Great War contribution along racial lines.[4]
The South African Native Labour Contingent (SANLC) was constituted by the Union government with great reluctance in the face of British War Cabinet calls to draw upon the Union's black citizens for non-combatant labour in French ports, railheads, quarries and forests to free up able-bodied whites for service at the fronts. The South African Cape Corps (SACC) drew on the South African coloured community, who would serve under arms in Africa and the Middle East in a way that their black counterparts could not. The white domination of commemoration until the advent of true democracy in South Africa in 1994 and lack of non-white commemoration is indicative of the title of South African academic and author Mohamed Adhikari's book Not White Enough, Not Black Enough. Racial Identity in the South African Coloured Community.[5]
The Afrikaner Rebellion raised uncomfortable introspective questions for the Botha government in that the Union benefitted financially from association with Britain in the wake of the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging in 1902. This grated on the sensibilities of those "bitter einders"—Boer generals and commandos who fought to the very end—who viewed the British scorched earth and concentration camp policies as injustices that went without retributive consequence. Assisting Britain undoubtedly weighed heavily on Botha and Jan Smuts (1870-1950), prompting them to prosecute the rebellion's leaders on their own terms lest the empire despatch dominion forces to crack down on the uprising.[6]
Following the successful conclusion of the campaign in German South West Africa, the Union redeployed its forces elsewhere in Africa, Palestine, Mesopotamia, and most notably on the Western Front in France and Belgium. Its citizens acquitted themselves with conspicuous gallantry, bravery and valour, which became the subject of much commemoration after the conflict. Until the years preceding the country's democratic transition in 1994, it was the exploits of the white South African contribution that were overwhelmingly memorialised.
Bill Nasson refers to Delville Wood as signifying a sacred place towards which these veterans gravitated to commune with their fallen comrades and pay their respects by erecting crosses and improvised markers from shattered timbers in that war-torn spot.[7] The hallowed ground of the South African Great War fallen is for some as remote as the manner in which the diverse constituent UDF forces are memorialised and commemorated, if at all—apart, based on race.
The Chronology and Colour of South African Great War Memorials↑
A speech by George V, King of Great Britain (1865-1936), delivered at Terlincthun British cemetery in the French Pas de Calais on 11 May 1922, contained phrases now familiar to many acquainted with the work of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC). The king's lines, influenced by Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936), who accompanied the king on the monarch's so-called pilgrimage to the Western Front in 1922, rang:
We can truly say that the whole circuit of the earth is girdled with the graves of our dead ... I have many times asked myself whether there can be more potent advocates of peace upon earth through the years to come, than this massed multitude of silent witnesses to the desolation of war.[8]
The famed writer and poet Kipling contributed prose in support of the British cause in the Boer War, and travelled to South Africa during that conflict, assisting the wounded and drafting newspapers for the troops. The words are oft quoted by the CWGC, underscoring the loss and sacrifice of war.
In 1924, Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone (1874-1957) paraphrased the king in a perhaps premeditated commemorative narrative at the unveiling of the Great War Cenotaph in Cape Town. This memorial stands out from other memorials at the time, with the inclusion of a panel depicting some of the exploits of the South African coloured community's soldiers fighting in the SACC in Palestine. It did not highlight the effort of the black men of the SANLC who laboured instead of fighting. At the unveiling ceremony the Earl of Athlone said to those attending that:
It was in this vicinity that our gallant South Africans took their last glance back at the old city and mountain, and heard the cheers of friends as they marched down to the docks to embark on their great adventure.[9]
The SANLC soldiers made the same journey as their white and coloured compatriots from around Cape Town, specifically from the Rosebank Camp where they were quartered to the docks to board departing troopships. Their lack of representation on the cenotaph is a physical manifestation of the racial discrimination and disregard shown at that time by the white minority towards its proportional counterparts in the Union.
After the war, efforts by South African industry and society notables such as author, politician, political advisor and mining financier Sir Percy FitzPatrick (1862-1931) of the classic children's novel Jock of the Bushveld fame (based on his experience with his loyal dog "Jock" in the 1880s as a pioneer and transport rider on the Eastern Transvaal goldfields) gained momentum. The first of two South African war memorials was built at Delville Wood. FitzPatrick's initiative to pay respect to the dead through the "two minute silence" was endorsed by the British Crown and contributed substantially to the establishment of the 11 November Armistice Day commemorations, which persist around the world.[10] FitzPatrick's motivation was spurred on by the fact that his own son, Major Nugent Fitzpatrick (1889-1917), of the South African Heavy Artillery, was, like Rudyard Kipling's son John Kipling (1897-1915), a Lieutenant of the 2nd Battalion Irish Guards, killed on the Western Front.[11]
The South African Memorial at Delville Wood is composed of a semi-circular flint stone screen, and was eventually unveiled on 10 October 1926. Later, on 11 November 1986, the Delville Wood Commemorative Museum, constructed as a miniature of the castle at the Cape of Good Hope in Cape Town, was unveiled.[12] This effort sought to honour not only the dead at Delville Wood but also put black and coloured faces who made the ultimate sacrifice for their country in the First World War alongside their white counterparts.[13] While commemorating all South Africans, the museum's commemorative content and character left black and coloured representation in the minority. Many returning soldiers were painfully aware of those comrades that they had left behind, and banded together to represent the interests of returned servicemen and the dependents of the fallen.
Veterans' Organisations↑
Millions of men and women returned at war's end with uncertain futures. When the ardours of demobilisation manifested themselves to the point of great concern for authorities, three notable soldiers and leaders of the Great War, Field Marshall Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig (1861-1928), General Sir Jan Smuts and General Sir Henry Lukin (1860-1925) led the initiative to found the British Empire Service League (BESL). The inaugural meeting of the BESL was held in Cape Town's city hall on 21 February 1921, coincidentally the anniversary of the sinking of the troopship SS Mendi on 21 February 1917, when hundreds of members of the SANLC drowned. The troopship Mendi was conveying SANLC members on their English Channel crossing from Plymouth to Le Havre, France when it was struck in the early morning fog by the cargo steamship SS Darro, resulting in the deaths of 616 South Africans of the SANLC, 608 of them black men. Since then, the South African chapter has evolved in keeping with the changing pro and anti-war sentiments of the post-World War I and pre-World War II era, first being dubbed the "British Empire Service League (South Africa)", and then, in 1942, the "South African Legion of the BESL". It was renamed the "South African Legion of the British Commonwealth Ex-Services League" in 1952.[14] The present day BESL, known as the Royal Commonwealth Ex-Services League, maintains links with Commonwealth veterans' organisations around the world, and in South Africa most notably the South African Legion of Military Veterans.
Very shortly after the SACC contingent fighting in German East Africa was blooded in November 1917, the unit inaugurated a Cape Corps Memorial Fund and sought a site to memorialise its members' sacrifice. At the time of demobilisation and even by 1926, with the publication of Ivor Difford's rich and effusive account of the 1st Battalion Cape Corps' exploits, the site and form of any proposed memorial was unresolved. While the mayor of Cape Town was approached for assistance with regards to a suitable location, the number of memorials being erected and lack of space curtailed any acceptable proffer from the authorities.[15] The SACC victory over the Ottoman Turkish lines with the capture of Square Hill between 18 and 21 September 1918 in Palestine, referred to by Difford as "… a great day—great for the Empire, great for South Africa and the coloured races thereof, and the greatest day in the history of the 1st Battalion Cape Corps,"[16] receives little or no concerted recognition today.
The most enduring and popular commemoration of the First World War, conceived of by a veteran, for veterans, is the world-renowned Comrades Ultramarathon held in South Africa's Kwazulu-Natal. The race was brought to life by South African First World War veteran Vic Clapham (1886-1962), who wanted to commemorate the comrades he lost whilst with the 8th South African Infantry, which fought and marched some 1,700 miles in its skirmishes with the German General Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck (1870-1964) and his askari in German East Africa.[17] The first race was run on 24 May 1921.[18] The marathon has an average of over 10,000 runners and is considered the most popular road race in South Africa and the biggest ultramarathon in the world.[19]
A Century of Commemoration Revisited↑
At the memorial service held at the Cape Town city hall on "Delville Day"–Sunday 17 July 1921—the cult of commemoration was strongly intertwined with language of religious and imperial duty. The dean of Cape Town called, amongst others, to: "Let us offer our thanksgiving to almighty God. For the devotion of our king, the honour of statesmen, and the unity of the empire in the face of a common danger" as well as "For the spirit of our soldiers, and the courage with which they endured, and especially for the men of the South African Brigade."
The commemoration for the fallen was in this case not explicitly for one racial group or another, though in the immediate post-war years the enshrining of memorials to South Africans would be overwhelmingly aimed at the white community, with the contributions of the SANLC and SACC coming decidedly last. The Delville Wood Memorial with its bronze sculptures atop vaulting stone arches, consecrated in 1926, has smaller scale analogues in both the Company Gardens in Cape Town and the Union Buildings in Pretoria, with General Lukin commemorated through a statue in the Company Gardens in the Cape Town city centre.[20]
The addition of the Delville Wood Commemorative Museum to the Delville Wood memorial landscape in 1986 was not without controversy, as there was great opposition in South Africa from ex-servicemen's organisations at the exorbitant projected cost of construction and furnishing. At the time of the laying of the foundation stone in 1984, the cost stood at some R6 million, equivalent to some 4.5 million US dollars at the contemporary exchange rate. Opposition felt the money could be better spent supporting veterans who had limited access to funds.[21]
The South African government and its Department of Defence and Department of Military Veterans has left a Mendi legacy by renaming a warrior-class strike craft of the South African Navy after Reverend Isaac Dyobha (1852-1917), the chaplain in the SANLC who drowned in the Mendi tragedy after having reportedly called his panicked brothers in arms to calm and exhorting the dancing of the now legendary "death dance" on the deck of the sinking ship. The words attributed to his address that fateful day are indicative of the conditional service rendered by black South Africans, when he was purported to have said to his doomed compatriots that:
You are going to die, but that is what you came to do … let us die like warriors. We are the sons of Africa. Raise your war cries, my brothers, for though they made us leave our assegais (spears) back in the kraals (villages), our voices are left with our bodies.
While on its voyage home from the shipyard in Germany where it was constructed, the South African Navy Valour-class frigate SAS Mendi made a rendezvous, on 24 August 2004, with the Royal Navy destroyer HMS Nottingham for a wreath-laying ceremony at the wreck site.[22] The Order of Mendi for Bravery is awarded to South African citizens who have performed extraordinary acts of courage and bravery.[23] In 2012, the South African government's executive declared 21 February as Armed Forces Day, in honour of the men lost in the troopship Mendi disaster.
On 23 February 1914, at the Mendi memorial celebration at Bantu Sports Grounds in Johannesburg, Dr. Alfred Bathini Xuma (1893-1962), president of the South African National Native Congress (SANNC, the forerunner of the African National Congress), plainly stated the desire for the black contribution to a great war past and another rapidly unfurling to be remembered in equality and fraternity, saying:
As I speak here. South Africa's sons of all races are spilling their blood to keep her free. They have staked their all to protect those they leave behind. South Africa is fighting for noble and high ideals—for Christian democracy and human decency. And because of these ideals South Africa dare not discriminate against any section of her population on account of race or colour and be true to her ideals.[24]
The two events of Delville Wood and the Mendi come symbolically together today, as at the Delville Wood Memorial Museum with the re-interring of the remains of the first SANLC member to die in France, on 22 November 1916. This was accomplished as an endeavour by the South African government to promote reconciliation and nation-building.[25]
The Arques-La-Batailles British Cemetery near Dieppe in northern France holds 380 casualties, with 377 identified war dead, of which 270 are listed as members of the SANLC who perished while performing logistics and manual labour in France during the war. The memorial in the centre of the cemetery is composed of a "Great War stone" with a concave bronze medallion which is adorned with the head of a springbok in high relief, bearing an inscription etched into the stone in English, Sesotho and isiXhosa reading:
To the memory of those Natives of the South African Labour Corps who crossed the seas in response to the call of their great Chief, King George V, and laid down their lives in France, for the British Empire, during the Great War 1914-1918, this Memorial is erected by their comrades.
As a representative of the great chief, Edward VIII, Prince of Wales (1894-1972) visited Cape Town from 30 April to 2 May 1925, inspecting a parade of former SANLC troops[26], and was present at the inauguration of the carillon in Cape Town on 30 April.[27] Such a royal visit came full circle almost seventy years later, on 23 March 1995, when Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom, unveiled a memorial to the Mendi dead at Avalon Cemetery in Soweto, alongside President Nelson Mandela (1918-2013).[28] Considering the pre-1994 influence of legislated segregation and apartheid, these acts were small but not insignificant in providing a slight measure of recognition for the blood let in the First World War by non-white South Africans.
Transformative Commemoration↑
In comparing the loss of life and commemoration of dead from the Second World War with that of the one which preceded it, historian Jay Winter noted that in most cases the names of the fallen in the Second World War were affixed to the memorials to the fallen from the First World War, and pointed to the sentiment of Rudyard Kipling that "the names of the fallen are what matter most."[29] For Winter, the far-flung Commonwealth nations that answered the call to arms are, even today, largely unable to make pilgrimages to the memorials in the Somme, Flanders, Palestine and elsewhere, and for them, the names are all that remain.[30]
With the centenary of the Great War, the one hundred year commemorations of the Battle of the Somme and Delville Wood in July 2016, and the loss of the Mendi having come and gone, the South African government and its Defence Force have played a prominent role in marking the passing of its citizens on far-flung battlefields.[31]
Conclusion↑
South Africa's then President Jacob Zuma used the opportunity at Armed Forces Day proceedings in Durban on 21 February 2017 to state that:
We travelled to France last year to pay tribute to those who fell in Deville Wood and to ensure that black soldiers are honoured and recognised in the South African monument to the war in that country, on an equal footing with the white soldiers. The new monument in France honours all our soldiers, black and white.[32]
The centenary commemorations of the Battle of Delville Wood took place on 12 July 2016, with the unveiling of a transformed Delville Wood commemorative museum with permanent exhibitions which highlight not only the events at Delville Wood by the 1st South African Infantry Brigade but also the contributions, exploits and sacrifices of the SANLC and SACC. Zuma would also officiate over the unveiling of a new memorial wall of remembrance there which bears the alphabetically listed names of all South Africans who fell during the first and second world wars. The intention was that they be remembered in equality, irrespective of race, culture, language or military unit. The memorial walls are flanked by a garden of remembrance to those who have no known grave.
21 February 2017 saw black, white and coloured descendants of Mendi casualties and survivors go to the ship's English Channel grave on board the South African Navy frigate SAS Amatola to pay their respects as part of South Africa's centenary commemorations of that great disaster. It is poignant that the Amatola's crew, just like the Mendi men's descendants, are integrated and serve and coexist alongside each other one hundred years on. In academia, the University of Cape Town's Centre for African Studies commemorated the sinking of the SS Mendi with its conference entitled "Ukutshona kukaMendi"/ "Ukuzika kukaMendi".[33] The conference sought to explore the historical struggle against oppression and dispossession associated with the SANLC contribution to the First World War.[34]
In his first public address as president of the Republic of South Africa on the 21 February 2018 Armed Forces Day, in the Northern Cape capital of Kimberley, Cyril Ramaphosa highlighted the year's theme—the centenary of the birth of Nelson Mandela—and said that "It is this SANDF that President Mandela envisaged as a non-partisan unifier and defender of all South Africans." In Kimberley, where the Ottoman Turkish field gun captured by the SACC at Square Hill rests, Ramaphosa reminded all with a quote by the author S. E. K. Mqhayi (1875-1945) from his poem "Ukutshona kukaMendi" of the sacrifice made by all South African men and women in uniform who have paid the ultimate price for the country:
Be consoled, all you orphans!
Be consoled, all you young widows!
Somebody has to die, so that something can be built
Somebody has to serve, so that others can live…
The centenaries of the Battle of Square Hill and Armistice Day await in September and November 2018, and in the vein of commemoration and veneration, South Africa's tributary voyage to its First World War dead continues on uncertain seas—a contested cult of commemoration.
Jacques Jean Pierre de Vries, University of South Africa
Section Editor: Timothy J. Stapleton
↑ Strachan, Hew: The First World War. To Arms, Volume 1, Oxford 2003, p. 546.
↑ DC Box 755, Memorandum to the Raising of the S.A. Overseas Expeditionary Force, n.d., p. 1.
↑ Nasson, Bill: The War for South Africa. The Anglo-Boer War 1988-1902, Cape Town 2010, p. 257.
↑ Grundlingh, Albert M.: War and Society. Participation and Remembrance. South African black and coloured troops in the First World War, Stellenbosch 2014, p. 3.
↑ Adhikari, Mohamed: Not White Enough, Not Black Enough. Racial Identity in the South African Coloured Community, Athens 2005.
↑ Warwick, Rodney: 1914. SA, WW1 and Afrikaner Rebellion, issued by South African History Online, online: http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/1914_sa_ww1_and_afrikaner_rebellion.pdf (retrieved: 16 February 2016).
↑ Nasson, Bill: Delville Wood and South African Great War Commemoration, in: The English Historical Review 119/480 (2004), pp. 61-62.
↑ Commonwealth War Graves Commission Pamphlet, Their Name Liveth For Evermore.
↑ Cenotaph War Memorial Restored in Time for Remembrance Day, issued by the Cape Town Central City Improvement District, online: http://www.capetownccid.org/news/cape-town%E2%80%99s-cenotaph-war-memorial-restored-time-remembrance-day (retrieved: 26 July 2018).
↑ Dix-Peek, Ross: The other Percy Fitzpatrick. The Life and Death of Major Percy Nugent Fitzpatrick, South African heavy Artillery, (1889-1917), issued by The South African Military History Society, online: http://samilitaryhistory.org/ross/opercy.html (retrieved: 26 July 2018).
↑ Brown, Jonathan: The Great War and its Aftermath. The Son Who Haunted Kipling, issued by The Independent, online: http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/the-great-war-and-its-aftermath-the-son-who-haunted-kipling-413795.html (retrieved: 17 February 2016).
↑ Paratus 37/12 (December 1986), pp. 20-25.
↑ de Vries, Jacques Jean Pierre: South Africa's Western Front Great War Memory and the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, issued by DefenceWeb, online: http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31175:south-africas-western-front-great-war-memory-and-the-commonwealth-war-graves-commission&catid=56:diplomacy-a-peace (retrieved: 17 February 2016).
↑ About the South African Legion, issued by South African Legion of Military Veterans, online: http://www.salegion.co.za/about-the-sa-legion.html (retrieved: 18 February 2016).
↑ Difford, Ivor Denis: The Story of the 1st Battalion Cape Corps (1915-1919), Cape Town 1926, p. 332.
↑ Ibid., p. 219
↑ History, issued by Comrades Marathon Association, online: http://www.comrades.com/home-about/history-of-comrades (retrieved: 26 July 2018).
↑ How it All Began, issued by Unogwaja, online: http://unogwaja.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/comrades-history.pdf (retrieved: 18 February 2016).
↑ Tuesday, 24 May 1921. The First Comrades Marathon Takes Place, issued by South African History Online, online: http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/first-comrades-marathon-takes-place (retrieved: 18 February 2016).
↑ Final Report of South African National Memorial (Delville Wood) Committee, July 1931.
↑ Veterans Condemn Museum, in: Cape Times, 12 July 1984.
↑ Memorial Wreath Laying for the SS Mendi and Her Crew, issued by South African Navy, online: http://www.navy.mil.za/newnavy/surface/mendi040823/i040823_update.htm (retrieved: 20 February 2016).
↑ The Order of Mendi for Bravery, issued by The Presidency, online: http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/order-mendi-bravery-0 (retrieved: 26 July 2018).
↑ An Address at the Mendi Memorial Celebration, Bantu Sports Grounds, Johannesburg, issued by South African History Online, online: http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/address-mendi-memorial-celebration-bantu-sports-grounds-johannesburg-dr-b-xuma-february-23-1 (retrieved: 20 December 2016).
↑ South African National Defence Force: The Reserve Force Volunteer (Summer 2015), p. 37.
↑ Clothier, Norman: Black Valour. The South African Native Labour Contingent, 1916-1918, and the Sinking of the Mendi, Pietermaritzburg 1987.
↑ Lewis, C. A. / De Wet, T. / Teugels, J. L. / Van Deventer, P. J. U.: Bells as Memorials in South Africa to the Great (1914-18) War, in: The Ringing World 5378 (2014), p. 550.
↑ South Africa. Queen Elizabeth II Visit, issued by Associated Press, online: http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/South-Africa-Queen-Elizabeth-II-Visit/d035b899498eea40db4cbc70698322b7?query=south+africa+mandela&current=3&orderBy=Relevance&hits=3&referrer=search&search=%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3Dsouth%2520africa%2520mandela%26allFilters%3DPOOL%3ASource%2CSoweto%3ALocations&allFilters=POOL%3ASource%2CSoweto%3ALocations&productType=IncludedProducts&page=1&b=8322b7 (retrieved: 30 April 2016).
↑ Winter, Jay: Remembering War. The Great War Between Memory and History in the 20th Century, New Haven 2006, p. 157.
↑ Andersen, Roy: An Overview of Selected South African Memorials, in: South African National Defence Force: Reserve Force Volunteer (Summer 2016), pp. 20-25, issued by Defence Reserves Republic of South Africa, online: http://www.rfdiv.mil.za/documents/magazines/Summer%202016.pdf (retrieved: 14 November 2016).
↑ SA. Jacob Zuma. Address by President of South Africa and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, on the occasion of Armed Forces Day, Durban (21/02/2017), issued by Polity, online: http://www.polity.org.za/article/sa-jacob-zuma-address-by-president-of-south-africa-and-commander-in-chief-of-the-armed-forces-on-the-occasion-of-armed-forces-day-durban-21022017-2017-02-21 (retrieved: 22 March 2017).
↑ University of Cape Town. "Ukutshona kukaMendi"/ "Ukuzika kukaMendi". The Mendi Centenary Conference, issued by Centre for African Studies, online: http://www.africanstudies.uct.ac.za/cas/features/2016/mendi/conference (retrieved: 27 July 2018).
↑ Mendi Centenary Conference Programme, 28-30th March, 2017, issued by Centre for African Studies, online: http://www.africanstudies.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/327/Events/Mendi%20Centenary%20Conference%20%E2%80%93%20FINAL%20Programme.pdf (retrieved: 01 May 2017).
Adhikari, Mohamed: Not white enough, not black enough. Racial identity in the South African coloured community, Athens; Cape Town 2006: Ohio University Press; Double Storey.
Buchan, John: The history of the South African forces in France, London; New York 1920: T. Nelson and Sons.
Clothier, Norman: Black valour. The South African Native Labour Contingent, 1916-1918, and the sinking of the Mendi, Pietermaritzburg 1987: University of Natal Press.
Difford, Ivor Denis: The story of the 1st Battalion Cape Corps (1915-1919), Cape Town 1920: Hortors.
Grundlingh, Albert M.: Fighting their own war. South African Blacks and the First World War, Johannesburg 1987: Ravan Press.
Grundlingh, Albert M.: War and society. Participation and remembrance. South African Black and Coloured troops in the First World War, 1914-1918, Stellenbosch 2014: SUN Media.
Nasson, Bill: World War One and the people of South Africa, Cape Town 2014: Tafelberg.
Nasson, Bill: Springboks on the Somme. South Africa in the Great War, 1914-1918, Johannesburg; New York 2007: Penguin.
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de Vries, Jacques Jean Pierre: Commemoration, Cult of the Fallen (Union of South Africa) , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2018-09-24. DOI: 10.15463/ie1418.11303.
This text is licensed under: CC by-NC-ND 3.0 Germany - Attribution, Non-commercial, No Derivative Works.
Culture > Mobilization, cultural > Interpretations of war
Memory and historiography > Commemoration, cult of the fallen > War monuments, war memorials
Memory and historiography > Historiography
Memory and historiography > War myths
Politics, law > International relations > Entering the war
Politics, law > International relations > Colonialism, imperialism
Politics, law > Domestic policy > Minorities policy
Politics, law > Institutions > Governments
Politics, law > Political ideologies > Racism, xenophobia
Society > Post-war society > Veterans
Society > Demography > War losses, military
Warfare and the military > Combatants > Colonial troops
Warfare and the military > Battles, battlefields and campaigns > Battles, battlefields and campaigns, Western Front
Warfare and the military > Battles, battlefields and campaigns > Battles, battlefields and campaigns, Africa
Author Keywords
memorialisation; apartheid; dominions
GND Subject Headings
Südafrika ; Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
LC Subject Headings
World War, 1914-1918 ; South Africa
Rameau Subject Headings
Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) ; Afrique du Sud
Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone (1874-1957); Alfred Bathini Xuma (1893-1962); Douglas Haig, 1<sup>st</sup> Earl Haig (1861-1928); Edward VIII, Prince of Wales (1894-1972); George V, King of Great Britain (1865-1936); Henry Lukin (1860-1925); Isaac Dyobha (1852-1917); Jan Smuts (1870-1950); John Kipling (1897-1915); Louis Botha (1862-1919); Nelson Mandela (1918-2013); Nugent Fitzpatrick (1889-1917); Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck (1870-1964); Percy FitzPatrick (1862-1931); Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936); S. E. K. Mqhayi (1875-1945); Vic Clapham (1886-1962)
Key Locations
Delville Wood Memorial; Cape Town; Johannesburg; Durban; Dieppe
Regional Section(s)
Africa > Union of South Africa
Thematic Section(s)
Post-war
de Vries, Jacques Jean Pierre
General Smuts inspecting a South African labour unit in France
First World War monument, Pretoria
Delville Wood South African National Memorial
Delville Wood Memorial, Cape Town


If you haven't listened to my podcast episode with Akeem, you can listen to it here.
Akeem from episode 7 returns to the podcast for a casual but very inspiring conversation. We just turned on the mic, started asking each other questions, exploring emotional weight, how we deal with bad days, and so much more.
Leave a review of the podcast if you're enjoying it. And as always thank you for listening.


LONDON (Reuters) - Madame Tussauds-owner Merlin Entertainments (MERL.L) said it faced significant cost pressures across its business and stuck to a cautious tone on its key London market following last year's militant attacks.
The world's second-biggest visitor attractions group behind Walt Disney (DIS.N) also runs the London Eye Ferris wheel, Sea Life, the London Dungeons and Shrek's Adventure in the British capital.
Merlin said it continued to see "significant cost pressure" as a result of tighter labor markets, which one trader cited as knocking the share price in early trade.
Shares fell as much as 4.7 percent, but recovered to trade up 1.4 percent by 0741 GMT, with revenues in line with expectations and earnings slightly ahead of consensus..
"We continue to focus on cost efficiencies and productivity as we seek to offset ongoing cost pressures," the company said in a statement.
The company also said that the London market remained challenging. In 2017 Merlin said a series of militant attacks in Britain had hit demand.
Britain suffered five attacks last year which were classified as terrorism by the authorities, four of which were blamed on Islamist militants and one on a far-right extremist.
Four of the attacks were in London. Britain remains on the second-highest threat level of "severe", meaning an attack is considered highly likely.
"It is too early to judge if there are definitive signs of a recovery in London," Chief Executive Nick Varney said in a statement. About 70 percent of Merlin's earnings come in the second half of the year.
Merlin, which also runs theme parks such as Alton Towers as well as Legoland, said first-half trading had been roughly in line with expectations, with theme parks boosted by warm weather in Northern Europe, to the detriment of its indoor attractions.
It said organic revenue growth was up 4.5 percent, matching expectations, but added that reported results had suffered from the weakening of the dollar, causing an adverse translation effect on revenue earned in the United States.
Analysts at Barclays said that EBITDA (core earnings) had slightly beaten expectations, thanks to lower interest costs, but added that they did not expect changes to consensus full-year estimates following the results.


According to one study only 9% of people in the U.S. succeed in achieving their New Year's resolutions. 9 per cent.
More than 40% of Americans make New Year's resolutions, but 91% of people who make them admitted to failing to meet their goals. Only 9% were successful with their resolutions.
There are myriad reasons for such bad odds, many ways that New Year's resolutions are problematic: We set resolutions that are not specific enough or are too hard to measure. We may make resolutions that are not realistic, or resolutions that work against other deeply embedded values we hold. We don't have the patience to develop new habits. Etc.
Church people—our people—don't just resolve to go to the gym or call their moms more often. They ramp it up. They resolve to get up at 6 a.m. for quiet time, to read the whole Bible through in a year, to have family devotions every night. They resolve to boycott ungodly [companies] and write their congressmen more often. They volunteer at soup kitchens and take up tutoring. I can't keep up with them!
A week in to this new year it strikes me there is something even more problematic about New Year's resolutions, besides our inability to keep them.
It's this: if we're not careful yearly resolutions—that we set— have power to shift our focus from Jesus, too much onto ourselves. Aggressive resolutions for self-improvement run the risk of overdoing effort and undergoing grace.
Better than just about any New Year's resolution is an openness to let God direct my steps. To let the LORD direct my steps in this coming year.
It is Jesus, after all, who sets the direction of our faith.
John the Baptist learned this first-hand.
One commentator says, "Christ did not wait for John to complete his career before he arrived on the scene, but, while John was still teaching, he appeared." Jesus just shows up at the Jordan River.
Jewish understandings of relating to God seem to leave more room for push-back than Christian tradition does.
Even so, John campaigns for his own agenda. Wait, Jesus, I'm the one doing the baptizing here. Like Peter on Maundy Thursday: Wait, Jesus, you're not going to wash my feet, are you? That's not how this goes. Or like probably all of his disciples: Jesus, wait, you don't really have to die, do you?
That's how I find myself relating to Jesus more often than I'd like: Okay, God, this is what 2018 will be like. I'm going to do this, stop doing that, do a little bit more of this other thing, our congregation is going to take on this… NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, O LORD, and you may resolve with me if you like….
Who is really setting the direction for how it will be?
John follows Jesus's lead. John abandons his own agenda for Jesus, and follows Jesus's agenda for Jesus, and Jesus's agenda for John. Verse 15 says John "consented." He said yes to Jesus, even though it wasn't in his original plan.
Many followers of Jesus have said yes, have consented to Jesus, even when he called us to something we hadn't anticipated. And at any given time there are a lot of us who have an unexpected opportunity to say yes to God, when God shows up not-in-the-way-we-wanted! We may plan our way, but the Lord directs our steps. Will we follow?
A whole new reality is open to John, when he gives Jesus his, "I do." He has left behind the world of how Jesus can be part of my plan and is in the realm of how I can get in on what Christ is doing.
When was the last time you experienced writer's block?
"What [was] actually there" for John, when he listened, was a Father who intimately knew Jesus ("My Son"). "What was actually there" for John, when he listened, was a Father who deeply loved the Son ("whom I love, with whom I am well pleased").
As 2 Timothy says, "God's solid foundation stands firm, sealed with this inscription: 'The Lord knows those who are his.'" You are God's, and he knows you and loves you. He demonstrates his love for us—shows us what it is—in a million ways, but especially through the act of self-giving sacrifice at the cross.
It's as if Matthew wants us to see that God doesn't love Jesus because of his miracles or because of the great sacrifice he will make or because of who his mother is or because of anything else….
God the Father just… loves… his child. God's daughters and sons are loved just… because… God wants to love.
Adopted into the family of God, you and I, too, are God's beloved children. It's not due to anything we have done. It's not because of who we think we already are. God's love doesn't come to us as a result of our contributions to humanity… God doesn't shower his love on us because we have set out to have the best year yet. God loves us not because of who we are, but because of who GOD is. And then God's abiding love for us makes us who we are. When we follow the trail blazed by God's love, then we find out how to live and what to do.
We may still try to shape our identity around what we contribute, the service we can render to another, the brilliant solutions we can offer in a murky situation.
And, sure—look back to 2017, look ahead to 2018, but let's first look up with John the Baptist to see a God who knows and loves those who are his.
The above is adapted from the sermon I preached this past Sunday.


Exciting times ahead at Brain in a Box you'll find in this newsletter a range of new products and services to assist you to use better systems in your business.
We're confident one or more of these will be ideal for your business and you'll be keen to implement them as soon as possible.
Click on the appropriate link to register your interest to find out more.
Launch of our Certificate IV – Business course.
A chance conversation on a plane trip back from Melbourne has lead to the introduction of our own Nationally recognised Certificate IV- Business course. We were excited to learn that our approach to systems could be mapped to fit the criteria and that there is funding available under the Government Training program that may be applicable to your business!
But was does this mean for you and your team? If you are looking to document and manage through your systems, you may have a team member who would be suitable for the course. Both of you would benefit enormously. First, the attendee will end up with a recognised training qualification and the owner will get the benefits of systems implemented and working in the business. This will have a positive effect on your business, today, tomorrow and for years to come.
And here's the icing on the cake. The course runs over 12 to 24 months depending on which state of Australia you operate in and the investment is just $3850. Your company may then be eligible for Government training levy of $4000 per participant.
If this may be of interest, please apply today. The course is limited to 6 attendees per month to ensure optimal interaction for each attendee. If you're not sure that this is suitable for your business, just ask.
Our latest industry pack, the Smash Repair Toolbox, is rolling out as you read this newsletter. The world of smash repairs now has more regulation and tighter margins than ever before, and systems can mean the difference between breaking even and making a profit.
Working with a very successful Sydney smash repair business, we have developed close to 100 processes and a range of supporting documents covering all aspects of operating a successful smash repair business.
Special Offer: Purchase or recommend it to a friend before the end of October 09 and receive $300 consulting credit to help you implement this into your business.
If you've been working on your systems and think to yourself, "Surely someone else has done this already – surely I could just download this process," then you might just be in luck. Our Process Library contains over 600 processes covering many aspects of business. Whilst we can't guarantee that you'll find exactly what you're looking for, there's a reasonable chance that you will come up with something that'll save you time and effort.
You can purchase library processes in bundles. Interested? Give us a call.
We have conducted webinars for hundreds of you this year. The feedback has been great and we are planning to introduce a new series of more advanced webinars soon.
However, some of you don't like the open format of the group webinars. John Scott, our customer services manager is introducing personalised webinars to ensure that you get the help you need to develop great systems for your business.
The new format of one 2 one webinars can be on any aspect of using our approach to systems. You'll get personal attention to ensure that any thing you learn will directly benefit your business.
Each webinar will run for 45 minutes and can be held Monday to Friday 8 am to 5 pm. We have an introductory price of $45 per webinar till December 11th.
We guarantee to use your time effectively. If you don't get great value out of the session, we will refund your monies, no questions asked.
Take advantage of this offer and see the real effects of systems work in your business. Bookings must be made 7 days in advance and payment is due prior to the webinar.
Help your mate out (and at the same time make your life easier)!
Builders and Plumbers how frustrating is it to work alongside someone who is not following a system? Yes, we know the answer. So here's your opportunity to change it for good.
Free Customer Service till Jan 1st, if you register in the next 10 days.
More and more, clients are commenting on the value and effectiveness of the after sales customer service provided free of charge. Are you using the resources available to you as much as you could? If not, please take this opportunity to get involved in our webinar series. Simply go to the events page and book in. John Scott is available to critique any process charts you have developed to provide useful feedback to ensure that you are achieving best business practises and reducing your risks.
And here's the good news. We are offering FREE customer service until Christmas Eve, that's right, no matter how long you have owned Brain in a Box, you can get additional support for the next 3 months. There's no excuse now for not benefitting from the development and implementation of better systems in your business.
We often get calls from owners of Brain in a Box asking how to perform some task or other in Brain in a Box Designer. We help them and they get on with their work, just as you'd expect.
Almost all of the questions we are asked, however, relate to information covered in the Foundations Series webinars. This series of five 45-minute webinars sits within our Active Support Programme, which is included with all purchases of Brain in a Box and industry packs.
Booking into the webinars is simple and you can download the comprehensive notes that act as a reference both during and long after the webinar.
The feedback we have received on the webinars has been 100% positive, so book in now if you haven't done so yet.
Incidentally, the webinars offer a very effective means of skilling up the new person on your team who has been asked to look after systems in your business, taking over from someone who's just left. Together with the Training DVD, with its 20 modules of practical guidance, the Foundations Series webinars give you the chance to really build some skill in using Designer.
Announcing the arrival of Steph's new baby.
Stephanie Campanella, our resident designer and Computer Geek has been with us since February this year. In the past few months she has been working to dramatically restructure our website both cosmetically and functionally and what a great job she has done.
Steph works for our sister company All the Other Stuff and is available to work for you doing everything from company logos, brochure design to Adwords campaigns. Ring her directly on 02 8850 3142 for a chat and free quote.
Need to change colours of figures on your Designer process chart? Selecting different types of figures then using the Back Colour button on the Figures tab results in the figures changing to the same type as the first figure selected.
Click OK, and the colours are changed (without changing the figure type).


Boston – July 30, 2014 – The results of a new study demonstrate that starting hospitalized patients who have an opioid (heroin) addiction on buprenorphine treatment in the hospital and seamlessly connecting them with an outpatient office based treatment program can greatly reduce whether they relapse after they are discharged.
Led by researchers at Boston Medical Center (BMC), the study shows the important role that providers play in offering these patients addiction treatment both while in the hospital and after – even if their primary reason for being in the hospital is not for their addiction.
In this study, 139 hospitalized individuals with opioid addiction who were not already in treatment were randomized into two groups. One group received a tapered dose treatment of buprenorphine for withdrawal and referral information about community treatment programs and the other were initiated on buprenorphine, an opioid substitute proven to treat opioid addiction, along with referral to a primary care office-based buprenorphine treatment program. Buprenorphine, which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2002 for the treatment of opioid addiction, is taken orally and helps to curb opioid withdrawal symptoms.
Of those in the buprenorphine maintenance group, more than one third (37 percent) reported no illicit opioid/drug use for the month after they left the hospital compared to less than one in ten (nine percent) among the control group. These patients also reported, on average, fewer days of illicit drug use and continued to use less over the following six months. This effect was evident despite the fact that these patients did not initially come to the hospital seeking treatment for their addiction.
"Unfortunately, referral to substance abuse treatment after discharge is often a secondary concern of physicians caring for hospitalized patients," said Jane Liebschutz, MD, MPH, a physician in general internal medicine at BMC and associate professor of medicine at Boston University School of Medicine, who served as the study's corresponding author. "However, our results show that we can have a marked impact on patient's addiction by addressing it during their hospitalization."
This study, which is published in JAMA Internal Medicine, was done in collaboration with Butler Hospital in Rhode Island. Funding for this study was provided in part by the National Institute on Drug Abuse.


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Posts Tagged 'man'
In Search of Manu: Is the Name of Noah Widely Preserved in Human Languages?
Posted in Ancient World, Bible, Great Flood, history, Pre-Flood World, tagged cognates, deluge, etymology, flood, man, Manu, Noah on September 24, 2014| Leave a Comment »
I was intrigued recently to read an article by independent scholar Bengt Sage, "Noah and Human Etymology," in which he makes a startling claim:
As traditions of the universal flood spread around the world with the post-Ararat migrations, the venerable name of Noah traveled with them.
The fish avatar of Vishnu saves Manu and the Seven Sages during the deluge. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Sage goes on to make connections between the name Noah and various versions of that name in Sanskrit, Latin, Lithuanian, ancient Egyptian and Sumerian, Gothic, and even African and East Asian languages.
I admit I was skeptical at first. Sage seems to base a number of his assertions on apparent cognates among the various languages — cognates being two or more words having a common etymological origin. The problem is that similarity between two words in different languages does not in itself prove a common origin — false cognates are a possibility. So the similarity among the names Manu in Sanskrit, Menes in Egyptian, and Minos in Greek does not prove that they all originally referred to the same person.
However, some investigation in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) reveals that Sage's assertions have more going for them than I originally thought.
In discussing the Sanskrit name Manu, Sage writes:
Manu was the name of the flood hero in the traditions of India. He, like Noah, is said to have built an ark in which eight people were saved. It is highly probable that Noah and Manu were thus the same individual. "Ma" is an ancient word for "water," so that Manu could mean "Noah of the waters."
… In Sanskrit, the name Manu appropriately came to mean "man" or "mankind" (since Manu, or Noah, was the father of all post-flood mankind).
This claim is generally in line with what the OED says in its Manu entry:
Etymology: < Sanskrit Manu progenitor of mankind (also used with metaphorical implication 'mankind'; derivatives meaning 'offspring of Manu' are used for 'man, human being'), cognate with man n.1 Compare manvantara n.
Note in that entry that the OED lists Manu as a cognate to the English word man. The OED entry on man discusses extensively the Indo-European derivation of the word man, specifically connecting it to the Sanskrit manu, Sanskrit also being part of the (hypothetical, really) Indo-European language family.
In Hindu mythology, the story of Manu does carry some striking similarities to that of Noah. The Encyclopedia Britannica relates the story thus:
In the story of the great flood, Manu combines the characteristics of the Hebrew Bible figures of Noah, who preserved life from extinction in a great flood, and Adam, the first man. The Shatapatha Brahmana recounts how he was warned by a fish, to whom he had done a kindness, that a flood would destroy the whole of humanity. He therefore built a boat, as the fish advised. When the flood came, he tied this boat to the fish's horn and was safely steered to a resting place on a mountaintop. When the flood receded, Manu, the sole human survivor, performed a sacrifice, pouring oblations of butter and sour milk into the waters. After a year there was born from the waters a woman who announced herself as "the daughter of Manu." These two then became the ancestors of a new human race to replenish the earth. In the Mahabharata ("Great Epic of the Bharata Dynasty"), the fish is identified with the god Brahma, while in the Puranas ("Ancient Lore") it is Matsya, the fish incarnation of Lord Vishnu.
In the Hebrew Bible, Noah's name "No-ach" probably means something like "rest" or "consolation." As you might know, I'm working on a fiction series called "Edhai," which is set in ancient times and touches on Bible history. The story begins during the pre-flood period, so I'm interested in the character of Noah. In the Edhai series, the main characters are entirely fictional, and real Bible characters such as Noah only appear briefly if at all. However, knowledge of their life and times is vital to the story line.
I plan to release the first episode in the Edhai series in the very near future. If you're interested in hearing about that release — or in following my research as I work on the series — of if you just want to keep in touch, please sign up to receive my email updates by following this link.
ARK — 24 September 2014
At last -- an authentic photo of a giant skeleton discovered by archaeologists?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


THE SALESMAN ran his hand along the front bumper of the shiny 2003 H2 Hummer.
"All steel," he said. "You get into a head-on collision with a Suburban, say, and this will win by a lot."
This here is your own personal piece of shock and awe.
The H2s were lined up at the dealership in long gleaming rows, ready for deployment in armies of one. They are 6,400 pounds of muscle. They can drive through 20 inches of water. They have thick doors and impact-absorbing front ends.
"The only thing you have to worry about when you're in one of these is a semi or a bus," the salesman said. No need for backseat air bags. "The vehicle you hit," he said, "that's the one that needs the extra air bags."
If we bury a time capsule to illustrate the first years of 21st century America, perhaps we should include a Hummer. It captures, with its macho swagger and its precept that the safety of its occupants is more important than the damage it inflicts on others, an unattractive strain of self- preservation-at-all-costs taking root across the country these days.
It is part of what allows the U.S. House of Representatives to believe it is acceptable to propose cuts in Medicaid that might eliminate health coverage for 13.6 million children. And to propose cuts that might eliminate free school lunches for 2.4 million low-income children -- while also proposing $1. 4 trillion in tax cuts for the wealthy and billions in allocations to homeland security and overseas war.
It is part of what drives the push to privatize Social Security. I'll take care of myself in old age; you take care of your old self. If your investments tank and the pension dries up, those are the breaks.
It is a large part of what drives the support for the war in Iraq. About 70 percent of the American public agree with President Bush's decision to invade Iraq, despite the absence of a clear and compelling justification for such deadly action.
Fear can be a more persuasive salesman than reason.
Sept. 11 left us frightened, and rightfully so. So even though there has been no credible link between Saddam Hussein and the perpetrators of the World Trade Center attacks, and even though no weapons of mass destruction have yet been found in Iraq, many Americans believe they will be safer with Hussein out of power. Therefore war is justified, no matter what damage it inflicts on others and on our standing in the international community.
The administration line now is that this war is about the liberation of Iraq. It's about what President Bush is telling us on television almost every day: We're bringing freedom to the persecuted people of Iraq. We're unlocking the doors of the torture chambers. We're delivering an oppressed and proud nation into the loving arms of democracy.
Maybe democracy will be a lovely by-product of this war. But liberation is not why our troops are there, and I suspect it is not why much of the American public supports the war. We're there to try to make ourselves feel safe, whatever the cost. Maybe we'll feel safer by witnessing the awesome firepower of our armed forces. Maybe we'll feel safer by getting rid of a monster who has become the stand-in for those who flew airplanes into our buildings. Maybe we'll feel safer by taking control of a country that, we're told, has been trying to develop weapons of mass destruction.
The salesman at the Hummer dealership said the H2s have been selling briskly since their debut last July. People want to keep their families safe, he said. Plus, he pointed out, if you buy the H2 as a "light truck" for your business, you get a $35,000 tax write-off.
If that isn't a vehicle for our times, what is?


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Q: Pushing a TableViewController from a view controller using story boards So I have a story board setup that uses a navigation controller and has two views- a view controller and a table view controller. I have a button in my view controller that links to the next view using the story board UI, but I have a second button that I want to only push the table view if a condition is met.
I'm struggling to figure out what code I have to write to mimic the functionality of control-click dragging from a button to a view.
Here's what I'm currently trying to do:
self.table = [[CSTableViewController alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewStylePlain];
[self.navigationController pushViewController:self.table animated:YES];

A: Normally you could just connect the button on your first view controller to a push segue to the table view controller.
However, you said you wanted to only have the button invoke the table view controller (TVC) if some condition is met.
One way to handle that is to have the first view controller disable the button until the condition is met, and then enable the button. Then you could still connect the button directly to a segue.
Another way to handle it would be to create a segue from the first VC to the TVC and give it a unique identifier. (Make it a push segue.) Then in the IBAction method for the button on the first VC, check to see if the condition is met, and if it is, invoke the UIViewController method performSegueWithIdentifier:sender to invoke the segue.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Type L Air Insulated Pellet Vent Adjustable Length Pipe is designed to be telescoped over a fixed length of vent in order to create an assembly of specific length.


There are 50 memory care facilities in MINNEAPOLIS, Minnesota. The facilities provide care to senior citizens living in MINNEAPOLIS throughout all stages of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. These facilities include the best MINNEAPOLIS, MN dementia care homes as well as Alzheimer's care facilities near MINNEAPOLIS, with cost that varies in each facility.
Clare Midtown provides dementia and Alzheimer's care in Minneapolis, Minnesota. With a location at 3105 23rd Avenue South, in the 55407 zip code in Hennepin county, Clare Midtown provides assistance to those dementia sufferers who need help with daily living tasks. Clare Midtown is licensed by Minnesota to provide memory care assisted living services, with license number 27720. Some of the services provided by Clare Midtown are medication monitoring, monitoring of all exits to prevent wandering and personalized meal plans.
Ihi Thomas Court specializes in providing dementia and Alzheimer's care in Hennepin county, Minnesota. Ihi Thomas Court is pet-friendly and can provide help with taking a bath, getting dressed and moving to any seniors living in Minneapolis, MN and surrounding areas. Ihi Thomas Court is located at 4100 Thomas Avenue North, 55412 zip code and may accept Medicaid and Medicare.
When searching for Alzheimer's care facilities in Minneapolis, Minnesota, you will find Restart Elliot as an excellent upscale memory care option that is located at 4317 Elliot Ave S in the 55407 zip code area. Its license number is 25370. Restart Elliot provides dementia care services not only to Minneapolis residents, but also to all Hennepin county residents as well.
If you need aid with daily living tasks, Walker Methodist Place can help you or your loved one to find memory care assisted living in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Walker Methodist Place is licensed by Minnesota and its license number is 20447.
It is located at 1111 7th St S Apt 34, and it is fully equipped to provide memory care to Minneapolis, MN older adults with dementia. Restart 7th is licensed with Minnesota and its license number is 21905.
Located at 5517 Lyndale Avenue South, inside 55419 zip code area in Hennepin county, Mount Olivet Home provides dementia care to Minneapolis, MN dementia sufferers and provides amenities like help during meal times and 24/7 toileting assistance. Mount Olivet Home can house up to 94 seniors with dementia or Alzheimer's at a time. Mount Olivet Home has official license # of 236.
Located at 614 8th St Se, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55414, Restart 8th can assist any Hennepin county resident with ADLs and provides amenities like assistance with choosing and putting on clothes and a homey design that facilitates friendships. Its license number is 25373.
Dementia sufferers looking for Alzheimer's disease and dementia care in Minneapolis, Minnesota will find Dr Thomas H Johnson Hws, situated at 5543 5545 Penn Avenue South inside 55419 zip code as a great option for all of their memory care needs. Minnesota records show that Dr Thomas H Johnson Hws has a license # of 24377.
With a location at 1708 Oak Park Avenue in Hennepin county, Avenues For Homeless Youth has a great reputation in providing Alzheimer's disease and dementia care services for dementia sufferers in Minneapolis, MN in addition to those who live in nearby cities. Avenues For Homeless Youth includes amenities like emergency pullcords in bedrooms and bathrooms and licensed nurses with Alzheimer's care training. Avenues For Homeless Youth has an official license to provide Alzheimer's disease and dementia care for Hennepin, MN older residents, with license # 29037.
Rem Hennepin Queen, located at 614 Queen Avenue South includes Alzheimer's care services in Minneapolis, Minnesota and includes services that include caregiving staff trained for Alzheimer's care and monitoring of regular checks for weight loss and gain. Rem Hennepin Queen is able to look after up to 6 seniors with dementia or Alzheimer's from 55405 zip code in Hennepin county and nearby areas. Rem Hennepin Queen has a license to provide Alzheimer's care in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with license # 1130.
People Incorporated Emhs 620 specializes in Alzheimer's care in Minneapolis, Minnesota. With a location at 620 Cedar Avenue, in the 55454 zip code in Hennepin county, People Incorporated Emhs 620 provides assistance to those seniors who need help with activities of daily living. People Incorporated Emhs 620 is licensed by Minnesota to provide memory care assisted living services, with license number 32824. Some of the amenities provided by People Incorporated Emhs 620 are medication administration and storage, alarmed and monitored exits and custom meal plans.
Zumbro House-bossen excels at providing dementia care services in Hennepin county, Minnesota. Zumbro House-bossen accepts pets and can provide aid with moving around and getting in and out of bed to any older adults with dementia living in Minneapolis, MN and surrounding areas. Zumbro House-bossen is located at 5753 Bossen Terrace, 55417 zip code and may accept Medicaid and Medicare.
When looking for memory care facilities in Minneapolis, Minnesota, you will find Bethany Residence And Rehabili as an excellent upscale memory care option that is situated at 2309 Hayes Street Ne in the 55418 zip code area. Its license number is 26980. Bethany Residence And Rehabili provides memory care not only to Minneapolis residents, but also to all Hennepin county residents as well.
If you need assistance with daily living tasks, Bywood East Health Care can help you or your loved one to find memory care assisted living in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Bywood East Health Care has a total capacity of 98 seniors and offers services like on-site occupational and physical therapy services and dementia-specific programs and activities. Bywood East Health Care is licensed with Minnesota and its license # is 176.
It is situated at 2308 Snelling Avenue, and it is properly equipped to provide dementia care to Minneapolis, MN seniors with dementia. Rising Cedar Apartments is licensed with Minnesota and its license number is 29434.
Located at 1425 10th Avenue South, inside 55404 zip code area in Hennepin county, Augustana Apartments Of Minnea provides Alzheimer's disease and dementia care to Minneapolis, MN seniors and includes amenities like special dementia programs to lower anxiety and 24/7 toileting assistance. Augustana Apartments Of Minnea has official license # of 30132.
Located at 1380 West Minnehaha Parkway, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55419, People Ii can provide assistance to any Hennepin county senior citizen with ADLs and includes amenities that include help with grooming and getting dressed and promoted socialization. People Ii can provide dementia and Alzheimer's care to a maximum of 6 senior citizens at once. Its license number is 1556.
Senior citizens looking for assisted living and memory care in Minneapolis, Minnesota will find Pinnacle Services - Jackson Sq, located at 2902 Polk Street Ne inside 55418 zip code as a great choice for all of their memory care needs. Minnesota records show that Pinnacle Services - Jackson Sq has a license number of 26848.
With a location at 1001 Washington Avenue North in Hennepin county, Third Avenue Nbbi has a great reputation in providing memory care services for seniors in Minneapolis, MN in addition to those who live in nearby cities. Third Avenue Nbbi provides amenities such as emergency system with constant monitoring and dementia-trained nurses on staff. Third Avenue Nbbi has an official license to provide memory care for Hennepin, MN seniors, with license # 24487.
Unity Place, situated at 2611 Central Ave Ne includes Alzheimer's care services in Minneapolis, Minnesota and includes amenities that include caregiving staff trained for Alzheimer's care and monitoring of routine check-ups for proper weight maintenance. Unity Place is licensed to provide Alzheimer's care in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with license # 25496.
Everyday Living provides Alzheimer's care in Minneapolis, Minnesota. With a location at 2905 35th Avenue South, in the 55406 zip code in Hennepin county, Everyday Living provides assistance to those older adults who need help with daily living activities. Everyday Living is licensed by Minnesota to provide memory care assisted living services, with license number 31762. Some of the amenities provided by Everyday Living are medication administration and storage, controlled access community and access to geriatric physician.
Ppl Irving Commons excels at providing dementia and Alzheimer's care in Hennepin county, Minnesota. Ppl Irving Commons accepts pets and can provide aid with bathing, dressing and transferring to any seniors living in Minneapolis, MN and surrounding areas. Ppl Irving Commons is located at 3601 Fremont Avenue North, 55412 zip code and may accept Medicaid and Medicare.
When trying to find memory care centers in Minneapolis, Minnesota, you will find Jorgensen House as an excellent luxury memory care option that is situated at 3444 Girard Avenue South in the 55408 zip code area. It has a total capacity of 6 Alzheimer's and dementia units and offers amenities such as enhanced medical monitoring and independence-focused care. Its license number is 1535. Jorgensen House provides Alzheimer's care not only to Minneapolis residents, but also to all Hennepin county residents as well.
If you need help with everyday tasks, Aeon can help you or your loved one to find memory care assisted living in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Aeon is licensed with Minnesota and its license # is 25520.
It is located at 2409 1st Ave S, and it is properly equipped to provide Alzheimer's disease and dementia care to Minneapolis, MN older adults with dementia. Harmony House is licensed with Minnesota and its license number is 23128.
Located at 3710 Nicollet Avenue, inside 55409 zip code area in Hennepin county, Nicollet Square provides assisted living and memory care to Minneapolis, MN older adults with dementia and offers services such as special dementia programs to lower anxiety and 24/7 toileting assistance. Nicollet Square has official license # of 27314.
Situated at 2907 35th Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55406, Everyday Living can provide assistance to any Hennepin county senior citizen with ADLs and includes amenities that include aided morning and evening dressing and home-like community rooms that promote socialization. Its license number is 31763.
Seniors with dementia or Alzheimer's looking for assisted living and memory care in Minneapolis, Minnesota will find Friendship House, situated at 2401 1st Ave S inside 55404 zip code as a excellent choice for all of their memory care needs. Minnesota records show that Friendship House has a license # of 23129.
With a location at 5101 Minnehaha Avenue South in Hennepin county, Mn Veterans Home Minneapolis excels at providing memory care services for seniors with dementia in Minneapolis, MN and those who live in nearby areas. Mn Veterans Home Minneapolis includes amenities like emergency pullcords in bedrooms and bathrooms and licensed nurses with Alzheimer's care training. Mn Veterans Home Minneapolis is capable of providing care to a maximum of 161 Minneapolis seniors with dementia and provides several levels of care. Mn Veterans Home Minneapolis has an official license to provide memory care for Hennepin, MN seniors, with license # 233.
Bethany Residence And Rehab Ct, located at 2309 Hayes Street Ne provides Alzheimer's care services in Minneapolis, Minnesota and provides services that include certified caregivers that specialize in dementia and Alzheimer's care and monitoring of regular checks for weight loss and gain. Bethany Residence And Rehab Ct is equipped to care for up to 10 dementia sufferers from 55418 zip code in Hennepin county and surrounding areas. Bethany Residence And Rehab Ct is state-licensed to provide Alzheimer's care in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with license # 167.
Asi Chicago House provides memory care in Minneapolis, Minnesota. With a location at 3710 Chicago Avenue South, in the 55407 zip code inside Hennepin county, Asi Chicago House provides help to those seniors who need help with daily living activities. Asi Chicago House is licensed by Minnesota to provide memory care assisted living services, with license number 25490. Some of the services offered by Asi Chicago House include individually designed activity and therapeutic programs, tranquil and secure outdoor areas and individual meal planning.
Ebenezer Tower Apartments excels at providing dementia care services in Hennepin county, Minnesota. Ebenezer Tower Apartments welcomes pets and can provide aid with moving around and getting in and out of bed to any dementia sufferers living in Minneapolis, MN and surrounding areas. Ebenezer Tower Apartments is located at 2523 Portland Avenue South, 55404 zip code and may accept Medicaid and Medicare.
When trying to find memory care facilities in Minneapolis, Minnesota, you will find Rivervillage North as an excellent upscale memory care option that is situated at 2921 Randolph Street Ne in the 55418 zip code area. Its license number is 23036. Rivervillage North provides dementia and Alzheimer's care not only to Minneapolis residents, but also to all Hennepin county residents as well.
If you need help with everyday tasks, Dr Thomas H Johnson Hws can help you or your loved one to find memory care assisted living in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Dr Thomas H Johnson Hws is licensed with Minnesota and its license # is 26116.
It is situated at 5753 Sander Drive, and it is fully equipped to provide dementia care to Minneapolis, MN seniors with dementia. Zumbro House - Sander #2 is licensed with Minnesota and its license number is 28819.
Located at 4137 Chicago Avenue, inside 55407 zip code area in Hennepin county, Wellness Homes provides assisted living and memory care to Minneapolis, MN seniors with dementia and includes amenities that include help during meal times and 24/7 toileting assistance. Wellness Homes has official license # of 32758.
Located at 3342 Lyndale Avenue N, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55412, N & V Helpful Heart Care can aid any Hennepin county older adult with activities of daily living and includes services like help with grooming and getting dressed and a home-like design to encourage socialization. Its license number is 32171.
Dementia sufferers looking for dementia care in Minneapolis, Minnesota will find Rivervillage East, located at 2919 Randolph Street Ne inside 55418 zip code as a excellent choice for all of their memory care needs. Minnesota records show that Rivervillage East has a license # of 23147.
With a location at 909 Main Street Ne in Hennepin county, Main Street Lodge excels at providing Alzheimer's disease and dementia care services for older adults with dementia in Minneapolis, MN and those who live in nearby areas. Main Street Lodge offers amenities such as emergency pendant system and licensed nurses with Alzheimer's care training. Main Street Lodge has an official license to provide Alzheimer's disease and dementia care for Hennepin, MN residents, with license # 20105.
Rem Hennepin Pillsbury, located at 2311 Pillsbury Avenue South offers memory care services in Minneapolis, Minnesota and offers amenities that include caregiving staff trained for Alzheimer's care and monitoring of regular checks for weight loss and gain. Rem Hennepin Pillsbury is able to look after up to 17 senior citizens from 55404 zip code in Hennepin county and surrounding areas. Rem Hennepin Pillsbury has a license to provide memory care in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with license # 1029.
Serenity Place provides Alzheimer's care in Minneapolis, Minnesota. With a location at 2409 1st Ave S, in the 55404 zip code inside Hennepin county, Serenity Place aids those senior citizens who need help with activities of daily living. Serenity Place is licensed by Minnesota to provide memory care assisted living services, with license number 24075. Some of the services provided by Serenity Place include management of medication, controlled access community and access to geriatric nurse practitioner.
Ebenezer Park Apartments excels at providing memory care services in Hennepin county, Minnesota. Ebenezer Park Apartments accepts pets and can provide assistance with moving around and getting in and out of bed to any older adults with dementia living in Minneapolis, MN and surrounding areas. Ebenezer Park Apartments is located at 2700 Park Avenue, 55407 zip code and may accept Medicaid and Medicare.
When looking for memory care centers in Minneapolis, Minnesota, you will find Signe Burckhardt Manor as an excellent upscale memory care option that is situated at 2533 First Avenue South in the 55404 zip code area. Its license number is 20278. Signe Burckhardt Manor provides dementia and Alzheimer's care not only to Minneapolis residents, but also to all Hennepin county residents as well.
If you need assistance with everyday tasks, Andrew Residence can help you or your loved one to find memory care assisted living in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Andrew Residence has a maximum capacity of 212 seniors with dementia and includes services such as special lighting in all areas to help with memory and Alzheimer's-oriented activities. Andrew Residence is licensed with Minnesota and its license number is 993.
It is situated at 315 Lowry Avenue North, and it is properly equipped to provide memory care to Minneapolis, MN senior citizens. Lowry Towers is licensed with Minnesota and its license number is 31975.
Located at 1509 10th Avenue South, inside 55404 zip code area in Hennepin county, Augustana Apartments Of Minnea provides dementia care to Minneapolis, MN older adults with dementia and provides services like dining assistance during meals and 24/7 toileting assistance. Augustana Apartments Of Minnea has official license # of 30133.
Located at 810 Oliver Avenue North, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55411, N & V Helpful Heart Care can help any Hennepin county dementia sufferer with activities of daily living and provides services that include dressing and grooming assistance and promoted socialization. Its license number is 31448.
Senior citizens looking for dementia and Alzheimer's care in Minneapolis, Minnesota will find Augustana Apartments Of Minnea, situated at 1020 East 17th Street inside 55404 zip code as a wonderful option for all of their memory care needs. Minnesota records indicate that Augustana Apartments Of Minnea has a license # of 30131.
With a location at 3146 Cedar Avenue in Hennepin county, Anpa Waste Numpa excels at providing Alzheimer's care services for seniors in Minneapolis, MN as well as those who live in nearby areas. Anpa Waste Numpa provides services like emergency pendant system and registered nurses that specialize in dementia care. Anpa Waste Numpa has an official license to provide Alzheimer's care for Hennepin, MN older adults, with license # 27942.
Mi Casa On Tyler, situated at 3430 Tyler Avenue Ne provides Alzheimer's care services in Minneapolis, Minnesota and provides services that include caregiving staff trained for Alzheimer's care and monitoring of routine check-ups for proper weight maintenance. Mi Casa On Tyler is state-licensed to provide Alzheimer's care in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with license # 26289.
MINNEAPOLIS memory care facilities rank #14 out of 408 cities in Minnesota for affordability. The median cost of memory care facilities in MINNEAPOLIS, MN is $4,762 monthly. The more affordable dementia care homes in MINNEAPOLIS can be priced as little as $2,768 per month, while the most luxurious MINNEAPOLIS Alzheimer's care communities can go up in cost to $8,201 per month. Memory care facilities in MINNEAPOLIS are more affordable than those located in Hennepin County, MN, which has an average cost of $5,000 per month and can go up to $8,521 per month.
Median cost of dementia and memory care in MINNEAPOLIS is $238 less per month than the Hennepin County average. It is also $244 per month less when compared against the state-wide average cost of dementia care in other parts of Minnesota.
50 Memory Care Facilities in MINNEAPOLIS, MN. List of 50 best dementia and Alzheimer's care homes in MINNEAPOLIS for 2019.


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Tax Audit Defense
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Michael Raff
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GDPR News: Does Facebook Plan To Cheat An Upcoming Online Privacy Law?
Online Privacy & Data Security
Well, well, well — if reports prove accurate, it looks like Facebook may be absconding with some data before the GDPR hammer lands next month. It's a bold move considering that Mark Zuckerberg recently spent several days administering mea culpas to federal lawmakers.
Facebook's Latest Faux Pas?
According to reports, Facebook is transferring profile data for 1.5 billion users from Ireland to Silicon Valley. Pundits suspect the shift is an effort to avoid parameters outlined in the General Data Protection Rule (GDPR), which goes into effect on May 25th.
You can read the GDPR details here, but the essentially the law puts users in the driver's seat when it comes to digital data. Under the new law, companies must provide all the information they hold about users, free of charge and on demand. Moreover, companies must secure informed consent to collect and use data. Plus, they're bound to stricter storage and breach notification standards.
Did Zuckerberg Tell GDPR Stories To Congress?
When testifying on the Hill, Zuckerberg insinuated that Facebook would soon offer GDPR tools to users everywhere. But Reuters reports that the social network is allegedly moving profile information for users in Australia, South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia out of Ireland, which has led some people to speculate that Facebook is trying to sidestep regulatory changes.
Several experts seem dismayed with the ostensibly sudden migration. Micheal Veale, a researcher at University College London, lamented to VICE News, "The way [Facebook has] done it is astounding."
We don't want to give the impression that Facebook isn't complying with the GDPR. It is. In fact, it already rolled out a host of new platform privacy policies. But the data transfer is noteworthy — and arguably a bit shady — when the timing is taken into consideration.
Moreover, according to some pundits, "the way Facebook has designed the steps users have to go through to give their consent means most users will end up sharing more and not less information with the company."
The Legal Ramifications Of Facebook's Data Move From Ireland to California
So, what does all this mean in the grand scheme of things? The move likely won't cause legal ripples in the United States, but Veale hypothesized that "it will encourage these countries to bring cases against Facebook in their own courts, which are very likely to conclude that Facebook has to obey local law in processing that data. We could be seeing a real change in the way the internet is governed."
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ABC editorial policies
Why the ABC is going to court over police raids
By ABC editorial director Craig McMurtrie
The AFP came to the ABC nearly two years after the Afghan Files stories were published.
(ABC News: Brendan Esposito)
ABC News: Brendan Esposito
The police raid on the ABC was the first thing a group of visiting ASEAN journalists asked about when we met at Ultimo a few days ago.
The journalists — from Laos, Brunei, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore and Indonesia — wanted me to explain what had happened, and why.
I explained that the Australian Federal Police officers were polite, suited, allowed the whole event to be live-tweeted and ordered in coffee and snacks as they spent hours searching through thousands of electronic files.
It was entirely civilised. It was also, as many have observed, utterly chilling for journalism in Australia.
The visit followed changes the Attorney-General had made to the criminal code, including the public interest defence for journalists. The police search relied on a warrant issued in Queanbeyan.
All of this invited unflattering commentary, here and overseas, about national security overreach and Australia's constitutional shortcomings in protecting free speech.
External Link: Tweet: John Lyons AFP exiting the building
Nearly three weeks later the ABC is asking the Federal Court to declare the search warrant invalid and is seeking a permanent injunction stopping the AFP from accessing the electronic files removed from Ultimo on a sealed USB.
A proportional first response
The ABC, the Right-to-Know media coalition and other groups, are also making the case for changes to laws to protect whistleblowers and journalists.
Bigger, more complex, arguments will be had about a bill of rights or Media Freedom Act but here's what the ABC would like Canberra to change immediately.
1. Put the onus on prosecutors to disprove public interest rather than on journalists to prove it.
Make this an essential part of the investigative process, rather than placing the burden on journalists when they're the target of criminal charges in court.
2. The Attorney-General has already flagged changes to the Public Interest Disclosure Act to protect whistleblowers.
The ABC supports broadening protections to cover all categories of information and the addition of a public interest defence for whistleblowers.
3. Raise the bar for issuing search warrants against journalists.
Police should have to apply to a judge to search a media organisation or to access a journalist's metadata (mobile phone records, for example). It should be a contested process. And warrants shouldn't enable police to chase confidential information provided by sources (as opposed to leaked official documents).
4. Strengthen Freedom of Information compliance by auditing classification processes by government agencies, to create a culture of transparency and accountability, not secrecy. Limit exemptions.
External Link: Elise Worthington video of AFP sealing the USB drives
There are other valid suggestions, but the ABC legal team and knowledgeable external advisors see this as a practical and proportional first response and one that provides broader protections for journalists and whistleblowers, without compromising national security.
The case for change
At the National Press Club on Wednesday the bosses of the ABC, NewsCorp and Nine appeared together to make the case for urgent change.
Attorney-General Christian Porter has said he would be seriously disinclined to approve prosecutions of journalists except in the most exceptional circumstances. He doesn't think more protections for journalists are needed.
But the warrant the AFP relied on to enter the ABC authorised police to search for evidence journalist Dan Oakes had allegedly committed the offences of receiving stolen goods and unlawfully obtaining military information.
It also authorised police to record fingerprints found at the premises and to take samples for forensic purposes.
These are the exclusive stories Dan Oakes filed and the ABC published, and believe to have been in the public interest.
The Afghan Files
The documents suggest a growing unease about the culture of Australia's special forces.
(ABC News: Margaret Burin)
The ABC's Afghan Files stories in 2017 gave an unprecedented insight into the operations of Australia's elite special forces, detailing incidents of troops killing unarmed men and children and concerns about a "warrior culture" among soldiers.
Reporters certainly aren't above the law.
But since the 9/11 attacks, dozens of security and counter-terrorism laws have been passed by federal parliament in Australia. As others have noted — more than in Britain, more than the United States.
And the raids on the home of News Corp reporter Annika Smethurst and the ABC headquarters clearly demonstrate that agencies will use powers made available to them.
Journalists are often dismissed as troublemakers because they ask awkward questions, reveal difficult truths and hold the powerful to account.
It isn't a popularity contest and can attract abrasive characters, but fearless independent reporting is indispensable to any healthy democracy.
The AFP raids have galvanised a broad alliance of competing media, prominent lawyers and academics.
Change is likely to depend on whether politicians believe everyday Australians really care about responsible public interest journalism.
Damage has already been done. Sources have gone to ground. Australia's reputation as an open society has taken a hit.
Prominent Australian human rights barrister Geoffrey Robertson says invasions of press freedom are usually a sign of a second-rate country.
That's not how we see ourselves, but when police walk in the front door of Australia's national public broadcaster to comb through thousands of electronic files … it's time for a hard reality check.
#1: Leaked documents expose deadly secrets of Australian special forces
#2: An interrogation, a shooting and no witnesses
#3: What the documents reveal about killings of unarmed Afghans
#4: The spy and the SAS soldier with a loaded Glock
#5: Who is the enemy? Australia's secretive rules of engagement
#6: What the f*** are you doing?: Chaos over severed hands
#7: Relations between Australia's special forces units on 'knife edge'
article AFP's warrant allowed officers to record fingerprints during ABC raids
article Police leave ABC headquarters with files after hours-long raid over special forces stories
article I live-tweeted the raids on the ABC — and it was a first for the AFP
article When does a national security mindset become an abuse of power?
article What do the AFP raids mean for journalists and their sources?
AFP raids on media
I live-tweeted the raids on the ABC — and it was a first for the AFP
When does a national security mindset become an abuse of power?
AFP raid was consequence of 'shining lights in dark corners', says Buttrose
What do the AFP raids mean for journalists and their sources?
AFP says no-one is above the law as it defends media raids
'Really clear what's at stake here': Kerry O'Brien sounds alarm on AFP whistleblower raids
News quiz: Will you make it your mission to score 10/10?
Analysis: The world's 'most beautiful stadium' is the envy of the nation, but for how long?
Perth's 2019 sports calendar has delivered $100m of revenue after the latest success, a Manchester United blockbuster. But the fight to host big ticket sporting events is heating up, writes Clint Thomas.
Analysis: Australia's house of cards is still standing, but don't punt on another boom
Most Australians gamble on the housing market during their lives. For many recent buyers that bet has been a losing one, but now the house has stepped in to give struggling owners another roll of the dice, writes Michael Janda.
SportPerry tons up before rain ruins day two of Women's Ashes Test, all but ensuring a draw
OpinionI looked into the mirror and something terrifying stared back
AnalysisTwo disturbing images show how depressing our political debate has become
article 'I felt a little badly about it': Trump backs away from 'send her back' chants


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I decided to upgrade Android in my Samsung Galaxy S3 i9300 from version [4.3](https://www.android.com/versions/jelly-bean-4-3/) to a higher version which is not officially supported by Samsung. See also [Wiki](https://github.com/zeroamps/Android/wiki) on this page.
## How to install a new version of Android to your mobile

**TODO**

## How to install an official Samsung firmware back to your mobile
1. [Download Odin flash tool](https://github.com/zeroamps/Android/wiki/Odin-flash-tool).
2. [Download an official version of Samsung firmware](https://github.com/zeroamps/Android/wiki/Official-version-of-Samsung-firmware-for-your-mobile).
3. Unzip the downloaded file on your PC.
4. [Enter download mode](https://github.com/zeroamps/Android/wiki/Samsung-Galaxy-S3-i9300-Download-Mode).
5. Connect mobile and PC with a USB cable.
6. Run Odin and you should see Added!! in Odin log.
7. Click on AP button in Odin and choose md5 file you have unzipped.
8. Wait until the md5 file is loaded.
9. Click on Start button and wait until you see PASS!

### Troubleshooting
[How to resolve Android boot loop issue](https://github.com/zeroamps/Android/wiki/How-to-resolve-Android-boot-loop-issue)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub