2008-02-29 Assigned to WACHOVIA BANK reassignment WACHOVIA BANK SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: RARITAN, INC.
2012-05-11 Assigned to WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION (SUCCESSOR BY MERGER TO WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION) reassignment WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION (SUCCESSOR BY MERGER TO WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION) AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: RARITAN AMERICAS, INC., RARITAN TECHNOLOGIES, INC., RARITAN, INC., RIIP, INC.
2012-09-10 Assigned to PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION reassignment PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: RARITAN AMERICAS, INC., RARITAN TECHNOLOGIES, INC., RARITAN, INC., RIIP, INC.
The present invention discloses a wireless remote network management system for wirelessly interfacing a series of remote devices (e.g., computers, servers, etc.) to one or more user workstations. Each remote device is coupled to a wireless transmitter, and each user workstation includes a wireless user station coupled to a keyboard, a video monitor and a cursor control device (e.g., a mouse). Preferably, the transmitters and user stations utilize an 802.11 compatible ad-hoc network for communication. Alternatively, a central wireless access point may be utilized to centralize communications between the transmitters and user stations. The wireless network enables a user workstation to access, monitor and control a remote device. An option menu containing a list of all the remote devices allows a user to select any of the remote devices for operation.
The present invention relates to a wireless network management system for remotely monitoring and controlling network and computer equipment from one or more local user workstations over a wireless network. Specifically, a keyboard, video monitor, and cursor control device coupled to a wireless-enabled user workstation are utilized to wirelessly access and control host devices coupled to wireless transmitters without the need to install additional software on the host device.
In a typical computer environment, a Local Area Network ("LAN") allows for one or more computer servers to be connected to several computers such that the resources of each server are available to each of the connected computers. The LAN is typically comprised of networking equipment such as routers, hubs, switches, etc. In such a configuration, a dedicated keyboard, video monitor and mouse may be employed for each computer and computer server.
To maintain proper operation of the LAN, the system administrator must maintain and monitor the individual networking equipment, servers, and computers. This maintenance frequently requires the system administrator to perform numerous tasks from a user console connected to the networking equipment, server, or computer. For example, to reboot a computer or to add or delete files, the system administrator is often required to operate the server or computer from its local user console, which may be located at a substantial distance from the system administrator's computer and from other computers or servers connected to the LAN. Therefore, to accomplish the task of system administration, the system administrator must often physically relocate to access the local user consoles of remotely located servers and computers.
As an alternative, dedicated cables may be installed from each remotely located server and computer to the system administrator's user console to allow the system administrator to fully access and operate the remote computer equipment. However, this alternative requires substantial wiring and wire harnessing, both of which may require tremendous cost. Additionally, as the distance between the system administrator's user console and the remote computer equipment increases, a decrease in the quality of the transmitted signal often results. Thus, dedicated cables between the system administrator's user console and remote computer equipment may not be a feasible alternative.
In some situations, it is desirable to manage the networking equipment, servers, and computers remotely located from the system administrator. For example, a software program such as pcAnywhere may be utilized to access a remote computer over the Internet or a LAN utilizing the keyboard, video monitor, and cursor control device (e.g., a mouse) attached to a local user workstation. Remote computer access programs, such as pcAnywhere, typically require that host software is installed on the remote computer and client software is installed on the user workstation. To access a remote computer, a user of the user workstation selects the desired remote computer from a list and enters the appropriate username and password. Once access has been granted to the remote computer, the user utilizes the keyboard, video monitor, and cursor control device attached to the local user workstation to access and operate the remote computer.
Hardware solutions also exist for operating a remote computer from a user workstation over a LAN or through a dedicated network. In contrast to the software solutions, the hardware solutions do not typically require host and/or client software. Instead, the hardware solutions typically utilize a keyboard, video monitor, and mouse ("KVM") switch which is accessible over a LAN via a common protocol, such as transfer control protocol/Internet protocol ("TCP/IP"). Generally, a user or system administrator access the remote computers attached to the KVM switch utilizing an Internet browser or client software associated with the KVM switch. Once the remote computer has been selected, the remote computer's video signal is routed to the user workstation's video monitor and a user may then utilize a keyboard and/or mouse to control the remote computer. The KVM switch may additionally include a connection to the power source of the remote computer for a hard reboot in case of system failure.
The aforementioned hardware and software solutions generally utilize a compression algorithm to reduce the necessary bandwidth required to transmit the video signals. For example, the wireless remote network management system of the present invention may utilize the compression algorithm disclosed in application Ser. No. 10/233,299, which is incorporated herein by reference, to reduce and compress the digital data that must be transmitted to the remote computers and/or video display devices. Alternatively, the system of the present invention may utilize standard video compression algorithms such as MPEG-2 or MPEG-4.
A keyboard, video monitor, and mouse ("KVM") switching system may be utilized to allow one or more user workstations to select and control any one of a plurality of remote computers via a central switching unit. Such systems are well known in the art and have been used by system administrators for at least ten years. KVM switching systems allow system users to control remote computers using one or more local user workstations' keyboard, video monitor, and cursor control device as if these local devices are directly connected to the remote computer. In this manner, a system user may access and control any of a plurality of remote computers, such as servers, from a single location (i.e., the location of the user workstation). The system user may select a specific remote computer to access or control using any one of a variety of methods known in the art including pushing a button that corresponds with the desired remote computer and is located on the face of a computer management system component, selecting the computer from a list displayed on a computer management system component's LCD or LED display, pressing one or more hot keys on the local user workstation's keyboard (e.g., F1, ALT-F1, F2, etc.), selecting the remote computer from a list displayed on the user workstation's monitor by pointing to it or scrolling to it using the user workstation's keyboard and/or cursor control device, etc.
Recently there has been a proliferation of wireless technologies to enable computers to communicate and share resources. For example, the Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 standards are two rapidly developing technologies that allow computers to wirelessly communicate. Devices are commercially available that comply with the 802.11 standard and enable wireless TCP/IP communications over distances of up to three hundred (300) feet. For example, PCMCIA wireless cards enable laptops to communicate utilizing the TCP/IP protocol. 802.11 compatible wireless local area networks ("WLANs") are now often utilized in lieu of, or in conjunction with, local area networks. Bluetooth devices are generally utilized for shorter range communication, utilizing lower transmission rates than 802.11 compliant devices.
The 802.11 standard, ratified by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 1997, is a wireless communications standard generally utilized for networking, file sharing and Internet connection sharing. In 1999, two extensions to the 802.11 standard were added, 802.11a and 802.11b. The 802.11a standard operates in a frequency range of 5 Gigahertz (GHz) at speeds of up to 54 Megabits per second (Mbps). The 802.11b standard (also known as WiFi), was designed to be more affordable, and operates in the 2.64 GHz range at speeds of up to 11 Mbps. With the proliferation of 802.11b devices, the 802.11g standard was recently ratified which allows for 802.11a speeds in 802.11b compatible frequencies.
All 802.11 standards allow for computers to communicate wirelessly without the need for hubs, routers, switches, etc. The 802.11 standard allows for the creation of WLANs, which use the same TCP/IP communication protocols as traditional wired LANs. With commercially available wireless communication devices, two computers can communicate from up to three hundred (300) feet away, although with repeaters, stronger antennae, signal boosters, etc., this range can be increased. Today, wireless networks are available in airports, coffee shops, college campuses, etc.
Importantly, the 802.11 standard allows for at least two different network configurations: (1) an infrastructure mode in which all traffic passes through a wireless "access point", and (2) an "ad-hoc" mode (or "peer-to-peer" mode) in which computers communicate without any central device. Independent of the mode, the 802.11 standard supports wireless networks that offer the same communications (e.g., TCP/IP, file sharing, Internet sharing, etc.) as a wired connection.
In the infrastructure mode, devices communicate through a wireless access point. An access point is similar to a hub, or router (but without wires), in that it receives and transmits all data between wireless devices. Advantages of the infrastructure mode include increased scalability, increased range of communication, and access to a wired network. Specifically, by adding access points, the network can grow without undo burden on any one device. An access point can also be utilized to increase the range of communications. Cascading access points and signal boosters can overcome the three hundred (300) foot communication limit of most 802.11 devices. Finally, traditional access points also offer access to a wired network. Therefore, an infrastructure network easily adapts to communicate with an Ethernet LAN or an Internet connection.
An ad-hoc network is more dynamic—it can be created and torn-down easily without any additional hardware. Computers can enter and leave the network so long as the computer is configured to access a wireless network with the same service set identifier (SSID) as the other computers in the network. Generally, an SSID is a sequence of alphanumeric characters that identifies the ad-hoc network. The ad-hoc network also has the advantage that it requires no external hardware. An ad-hoc network can be created with multiple computers alone, so long as each computer has a WiFi compatible communications device.
An important feature of the 802.11 standard is the availability of multiple channels of communications, utilizing Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) technology, to allow for this feature. DSSS is a technology that allows for the transmission of data over a range of frequencies thus decreasing the power utilized at any one frequency. Therefore, DSSS allows for fast communications with little interference. Thus, DSSS permits an 802.11 network to include multiple communications channels. Further, the wireless network can co-exist with other wireless devices that operate in similar frequency ranges.
Generally, in an ad-hoc network, one of the available channels (the FCC currently allows for eleven (11) total channels) is utilized as a "broadcast" channel. The broadcast channel allows devices to "discover" other devices in range of communication and to transmit messages that are received by all devices. Thus, the broadcast channel is a critical feature of the 802.11 standard that allows for the creation of ad-hoc networks in which devices can automatically join and leave the network. The network then utilizes one of a variety of algorithms such as a spokesman election algorithm (SEA) or a broadcast/flooding algorithm for all other communications. In SEA, one computer is "elected" to head the network and tracks the addition of other computers to and from the network. In a broadcast/flooding algorithm, generally all messages are sent to all computers. If an access point is utilized, then no such algorithms are necessary, and instead, the access point can be utilized to ensure that all messages reach the correct destination.
Systems that enable wireless access of a remote device are currently known in the art of computer management. For example, one such system comprises a single receiver and a single transmitter that, together, allow a user to access a remote computer using a keyboard, video monitor, and mouse. In this system, both the receiver and the transmitter are enabled for wireless communication. The receiver, coupled to the keyboard and mouse, receives keyboard and mouse data and wirelessly transmits this data to the transmitter. The transmitter is coupled to a remote computer and supplies the data to the keyboard and mouse ports of this remote computer. Simultaneously, the transmitter receives video data from the remote computer and transmits this data wirelessly to the receiver where it is displayed on the video monitor coupled to the receiver. Thus, this system enables extended length access of a single remote computer through a wireless connection.
Another known system consists of a switching device for controlling multiple remote computers where the switching device comprises a wireless transmitter and a wireless receiver. The switching device is configured to enable a user to select from among multiple computing devices and wirelessly link a peripheral device with a selected computing device for user interaction. In this system, the switching device initially develops a list of available computing devices. A user chooses from this list and the switching device establishes a wireless link with the corresponding computing device. Thus, this wireless switch only enables one connection between a user and a remote computer at any instance. Further, each of the computing devices must also have wireless communications capabilities to enable wireless communication with the switch.
A method for switching the utilization of a shared set of wireless I/O devices between multiple computers is also known. This method includes the utilization of a software based switching mechanism where wireless protocols enable the sharing of wireless peripheral devices between multiple computers. A wireless data packet (a "token") is utilized to transfer control of the I/O devices utilizing a "master", "slave" relationship for the transfer of control. The token is the form of computer-to-computer wireless command utilized to transfer control of a wireless peripheral device from one device to another. Thus, in this known system, server-to-server communications are necessary for transferring the control of a wireless peripheral. Further, in this system only one computer can control a set of wireless peripherals at a time.
In another known system for accessing computer systems in a computer network, each computer system provides and receives operator interface data signals containing user output and input information. Central to this system is a wireless administrator device that allows a system operator to remotely control a plurality of computer systems interconnected through a communications network. The wireless administrator device includes a wireless communications module that operates in "transmit" and "receive" modes to communicate with the wireless communication modules coupled to the computer systems. The wireless administrator device includes an operator interface with a video display, mouse and keyboard to enable user interaction in a selection mode or a control mode. The interface includes a manual connect button that allows the administrator to display on the video a list of available computer systems that may be accessed. Upon selection of a computer, the administrator remotely controls the computer through the operator interface.
Finally, systems are also known that provide a wireless interface between a remote host computer and a personal digital assistant (PDA). In one such system, the PDA presents the user with a graphical user interface (GUI) allowing for input by way of a passive stylus, which can be used in a pen mode or a mouse mode. The PDA also includes a transceiver that communicates wirelessly with the transceiver of a remote computer. The transceivers allow the wireless device to access the remote host computer over a wireless LAN or through a peer-to-peer network. The system also allows a user to view available remote host computers through the GUI of the wireless device and to access the programs and files of the remote computer. The remote computer in turn, transmits display commands to the wireless device. A similar system utilizes Bluetooth communications to enable a PDA to recognize and identify all compliant remote devices by transmitting a broadcast message that is received by compliant remote devices. In this system, the PDA includes a GUI to display a rendering of a mechanism that can be utilized to control a remote device. For example, the rendering might be of an on/off switch. The PDA receives input from a stylus, and translates this input into a command for the remote device.
In view of the foregoing, a need clearly exists for a wireless remote network management system capable of wirelessly operating and controlling networking equipment, servers, and computers. Furthermore, such a system should allow a user to view all available remote computers via an on-screen user interface and to choose one of these computers to monitor and control. The system should aid in managing remote computing environments, thereby reducing the need to have an on-site system administrator. Finally, the system should obviate the need for any central switches, hubs, routers, or extended length cables.
It is often convenient to control one or more connected computers from one local set of peripheral devices (i.e., keyboard, video monitor, cursor control device, etc.). Since the majority of computers in use today incorporate or are designed to be compatible with commonly known and used computer technologies (e.g., IBM, Apple, Sun, etc.), many computers use identical or similar electrical connectors to connect a peripheral device. Also, a computer typically contains a dedicated electrical connector for each type of peripheral device to which the computer will be connected. Generally, the cables that connect such peripheral devices to a computer are approximately six feet in length, thereby limiting the distance from the computer at which the peripheral devices may be located.
In many circumstances, it is desirable to separate the peripheral devices from the computer due to space constraints. However, one skilled in the art may readily appreciate that separating a computer from its peripheral devices may make it difficult to locate the remote computers because they are commonly located in another area of the building, such as in a data center, server-farm, etc. Unless each device is clearly labeled, there exists no means of differentiating computers without their attached peripheral devices.
In addition to extending the distance between a computer and its peripheral devices, it is also convenient to access and operate more than one computer from one set of peripheral devices. Again, this feature is desirable when space is limited. It may also be desirable to access a computer through wireless communications. In many situations it is difficult to run wires from the location of a server to its set of peripherals. Further, the utilization of longer wires necessarily leads to the degradation of the signals transmitted. For example, the high frequency components of such transmitted signals are often severely attenuated.
The present invention provides a wireless remote computer management system for administrating remote computers and devices from one or more local wireless-enabled user workstations. Each wireless-enabled user workstation comprises a wireless user station ("WUST") with attached peripheral devices including a keyboard, video monitor, cursor control device, etc. The wireless remote management system of the present invention does not require any central switches, cables, wires, etc. Optionally, an access point or hybrid switch can be used to increase the scalability of the invention. Instead, a peer-to-peer wireless network is preferred to enable WUSTs to monitor and control remote computers, servers, networking equipment, etc.
In the system of the present invention, a user workstation comprises a WUST coupled to a keyboard, monitor, and cursor control device (e.g., a mouse) that utilizes wireless communications to communicate with a wireless-enabled computer interface module ("WCIM") that is interfaced with a remote computer. The WCIM includes wireless capabilities and connects to the keyboard, monitor and cursor control device ports of a remote computer. The present invention allows a user to view a list of available remote computers and to select a remote computer from this list for control. The list may be automatically updated as remote computers enter or exit the wireless network.
In the present invention, each remote device (e.g., networking equipment, server, computer, etc.) is connected to a WCIM. The WCIM can also have serial ports for connection to the networking equipment as well as keyboard, video, and cursor control device ports for connection to the servers and computers. The WCIM may also contain USB ports, parallel ports, etc., and a port for connection to a power supply capable of controlling the power to the networking equipment, server, or computer. Standard cabling is utilized to connect the networking equipment, server, or computer to the appropriate ports on the WCIM.
Central to the present invention is the wireless communications which enable the WUSTs to communicate with the WCIMs. Preferably, the WUST and WCIM utilize the 802.11 protocol and 802.11 compliant hardware to communicate through an ad-hoc peer-to-peer wireless network. Utilizing this communication, the WUSTs are automatically "aware" of all available remote computers coupled to WCIMs. Further, this communication is utilized by the WUST to request a connection to the WCIM, and upon completion of the connection, to receive compressed video data from the WCIM. In turn, the WUST sends data including keyboard and cursor control device data packets, serial data, USB control data, etc. to the WCIM. The WCIM utilizes this data to emulate mouse, keyboard, USB, etc., signals to the associated remote device.
Each WCIM and WUST utilizes an 802.11 compliant wireless device configured with the same service set identifier (SSID). Utilizing the broadcast channel available as part of the 802.11 standard, the WUSTs can discover all available WCIMs (i.e., the user workstations can discover all available remote computers, servers, hubs, etc.), and the WUST can determine the state of each remote computer (i.e., if the remote computer is being controlled by a different user workstation).
The WUST and WCIM also utilize the broadcast channel to set up a connection. The WUST requests a connection by sending a message over the broadcast channel, and the WCIM either accepts or denies the request. After a connection is established, the WUST and WCIM communicate on a non-broadcast channel. Preferably, this channel is selected by the WUST and identified as part of a request message. The WCIM receives video signals from the remote computer, compresses the video signals, and transmits compressed video information to the WUST. In turn, the WUST transmits keyboard and cursor control device data wirelessly to the WCIM. The WCIM utilizes this data to provide emulated keyboard and cursor control device data to the keyboard and cursor control device ports of the remote computer. The WUST decompresses the video information and provides video signals to the local monitor. In this manner, a user of the workstation can control the remote computer by utilizing the local keyboard and cursor control device, while viewing video signals from the remote computer on the local monitor.
An important feature of the present invention is the ability to display a list of available remote computers to a user on the user's local monitor. Because the present invention is compatible with an ad-hoc wireless network, this list can be updated or refreshed automatically as remote computers enter or leave the network. It can also be updated as computer become available for control (i.e., a different user relinquishes control). A variety of methods may be utilized to generate and display the option menu. Preferably, the WUST includes a central processing unit (CPU) that generates an option menu. Alternatively, an onscreen display (OSD) processor may be utilized. In one embodiment the WUST can be implemented as a purely software solution, and can be run on any computer/laptop/PDA, etc. that has wireless (802.11) communication capabilities. In this embodiment, the option menu may be implemented as part of the WUST software, and it can take advantage of existing APIs to display the option menu in a user-friendly fashion.
Although the present invention preferably utilizes an 802.11 peer-to-peer network, the WUST and WCIM can also communicate through an access point, or a wireless KVM switch. Importantly, the wireless KVM switch can be a hybrid switch thus supporting both wired and wireless connections. In this configuration, a WUST can communicate with a WCIM, even if the WCIM does not have wireless capabilities. That is, the WCIM can connect to the hybrid switch utilizing traditional cabling, and, in turn, the switch can communicate over an 802.11 connection with the WUST. Because both the wired and wireless communication devices utilize TCP/IP communications, the hybrid switch does not need to interpret or translate the data. Another advantage of the utilization of an access point is the ability of the access point to connect to the Internet. Thus, a user workstation with Internet connectivity can connect to the access point remotely and in turn, control a remote computer. In this embodiment there is no restriction on the location of the user workstation. Further, the user workstation is not required to have wireless capabilities.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved wireless computer management system that enables a user to control remote computers or devices from local user workstations.
Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a wireless computer management system that allows one or more local user workstations to access and control remote devices utilizing a peer-to-peer wireless network.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a wireless computer management system that allows a local user workstation to wirelessly control a remote device utilizing a local keyboard and cursor control device, and to wirelessly receive video signals from the remote device.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a switch-less KVM network.
Additionally, it is an object of the present invention to provide a wireless KVM network that enables a user workstation to provide a list of available remote computers and devices wherein the list is automatically updated as remote computers and devices become available.
Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a modular, wireless, computer management system that allows one or more sets of peripheral devices to access and operate one or more remote computers as if the local peripheral devices were directly connected to the remote computers.
Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to allow information technology ("IT") personnel to easily manage a volume of servers for both small-scale computer centers and large-scale computer centers such as data-centers, server-farms, web-hosting facilities, and call-centers.
In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a wireless modular computer management system that eliminates the need for a set of peripheral devices for each remote computer thereby minimizing the space required to house the remote computers.
A further understanding of the present invention can be obtained by reference to a preferred embodiment set forth in the illustrations of the accompanying drawings. Although the illustrated embodiment is merely exemplary of systems for carrying out the present invention, both the organization and method of operation of the invention, in general, together with further objectives and advantages thereof, may be more easily understood by reference to the drawings and the following description. The drawings are not intended to limit the scope of this invention, which is set forth with particularity in the claims as appended or as subsequently amended, but merely to clarify and exemplify the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the computer management system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention illustrating the wireless connection of a user workstation to a remote computer, where each user workstation comprises a wireless-enabled user station (WUST) coupled to a keyboard, monitor and cursor control device and each remote computer is directly connected to a wireless-enabled computer interface module (WCIM).
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the WUST shown in FIG. 1 according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention illustrating a block diagram of the internal structure of the WUST and connectors for a keyboard, video monitor, and cursor control device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the WCIM shown in FIG. 1 according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention illustrating a block diagram of the internal structure of the WCIM and connectors for a keyboard port, a video monitor port, and a cursor control device port.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart that details the exchange of information between a WCIM and WUST to setup a connection between a user workstation and a remote computer.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the computer management system according to an alternate embodiment of the present invention illustrating the wireless connection of a user workstation that includes a keyboard, video monitor, and cursor control device to remote computers and servers through a wireless KVM access point.
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the computer management system according to another alternate embodiment of the present invention illustrating the connection of multiple remote computers to one composite WCIM which communicates wirelessly to multiple WUSTs.
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the composite WCIM shown in FIG. 6 illustrating a block diagram of the internal structure of the composite WCIM and connectors for multiple keyboard ports, video monitor ports, and cursor control device ports.
As required, a detailed illustrative embodiment of the present invention is disclosed herein. However, techniques, systems and operating structures in accordance with the present invention may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and modes, some of which may be quite different from those in the disclosed embodiment. Consequently, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative, yet in that regard, they are deemed to afford the best embodiment for purposes of disclosure and to provide a basis for the claims herein, which define the scope of the present invention. The following presents a detailed description of the preferred embodiment (as well as some alternative embodiments) of the present invention.
Referring first to FIG. 1, depicted is the architecture of the preferred computer management system in accordance with the present invention. Specifically, wireless computer management system 100 is shown including multiple user workstations 101 each having a wireless-enabled user station (WUST) 102 coupled to a keyboard 103, video monitor 105, and cursor control device 107. Each WUST 102 includes a wireless communications device 109 that is preferably an 802.11 compliant device, although other known standards may be utilized. Also included in computer management system 100 are a plurality of remote computers 117, each directly connected to an associated wireless computer interface module (WCIM 115). Each WCIM 115 has a wireless communications device 119 to communicate with one of a plurality of WUSTs 102. During operation, WUST 102, using the wireless communications device 109, communicates wirelessly with any one of the plurality of WCIMs 115. Specifically, WUST 102 transmits keyboard and cursor control device signals, preferably as TCP/IP data packets, over wireless communications path 121 to a select WCIM 115. Simultaneously, WCIM 115 transmits compressed video data signals, also preferably as TCP/IP data packets, over wireless communications path 121 to WUST 102. Thus, the system of the present invention enables a user at user workstation 101 to view and control any one of a plurality of remote computers 117 via wireless communications path 121.
Although 802.11 compliant wireless communications is the preferred wireless standard for use with the present invention, other types of wireless connections such as infrared communications or Bluetooth compliant communications may be utilized, depending on the specific needs of the system user. 802.11 compliant communications is preferred because it allows for the creation of a peer-to-peer wireless local area network ("WLAN"), where devices (e.g., WUSTs 102) automatically discover other devices (e.g., WCIMs 115) in the network. Further, the 802.11 standard enables communications over extended distances where the speed of the signal can automatically be reduced as the distance increases thus avoiding excessive degradation of the signal. Additionally, standard radio communications utilized in 802.11 standards do not require line-of-site communications. Finally, the 802.11 standard enables the system of the present invention to utilize TCP/IP communications, therefore enabling the establishment of a WLAN network without extensive software development.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, any one of a number of user workstations 101 can connect with any one of a number of remote computers 117. By configuring all WCIMs 115 and WUSTs 102 with the same service set identifier (SSID), WCIMs 115 and WUSTs 102 can automatically "discover" other devices within range of communications. For many commercially available 802.11 compliant devices, the maximum range of communications is three hundred (300) feet.
In the alternative, one or more wireless access points can be utilized if it is desired to have the wireless-enabled devices to communicate through an infrastructure network rather than an ad-hoc network. In this configuration, discussed in greater detail with respect to FIG. 5 below, all data communications between WCIMs 115 and WUSTs 102 are handled by an access point. Utilizing an access point, the range of communications can be increased (cascading access points can increase the range even further). However, the use of an access point necessarily increases cost because such a configuration requires additional hardware.
Regardless of the type of wireless network utilized, one of its primary purposes is to allow a user at a user workstation 101 to select and subsequently control a remote computer 117. This selection may be accomplished through a variety of methods. In one embodiment, a menu or list of available remote computers 117 is displayed on the screen of video monitor 105. WUST 102 can utilize information provided by the wireless network to update the option menu displayed to the user with a list of available remote computers. The option menu may also give the user the ability to manually adjust video settings to improve the quality of the transmitted video.
Referring next to FIG. 2, depicted is a block diagram of the preferred embodiment of WUST 102. WUST 102 interfaces keyboard 103, video monitor 105, and cursor control device 107 (although additional and/or other peripheral devices may also be used such as USB peripherals, serial devices, etc.) in order to control any of a plurality of remote computers 117 (FIG. 1). Keyboard 103, video monitor 105, and cursor control device 107 are preferably connected to keyboard port 201, video port 203 and cursor control device port 205 of WUST 102, respectively, using industry standard connectors and cabling. For example, the keyboard and cursor control device may be connected utilizing PS/2 connectors, serial connectors, Universal Serial Bus connectors, etc. Monitors are typically connected to a computer through a DB15 port.
During operation, WUST CPU 207 receives the keyboard and cursor control device signals generated by keyboard 103 and cursor control device 107, respectively, at the local user workstation via keyboard port 201 and cursor control device port 205, respectively. WUST CPU 207 interprets these signals and generates data packets that include data representative of the keyboard and cursor control device information from the received keyboard and cursor control device signals. The data packets are combined with other information (such as destination information) and are included in TCP/IP communications sent by wireless device 109 over wireless communications path 121 to WCIM 115. Wireless device 109 may receive the packets from CPU 207 through a buffer (i.e., buffer-out 209). Alternatively, CPU 207 may directly connect to wireless device 109.
Keyboard and cursor control device signals may be transmitted bidirectionally in the wireless remote management system of the present invention. That is, these signals can also be transmitted from remote computer 117 to user workstation 101. In this direction of transmission, keyboard and cursor control device signals are received as part of the data transmitted to wireless device 109 over wireless communications path 121, and can be temporarily stored in buffer-in 211. WUST CPU 207 uses this information to emulate or interpret the keyboard and cursor control device signals from remote computer 117. These signals can be utilized to, inter alia, determine if the remote computer is responsive to the user's cursor control device and keyboard.
Unidirectional digital compressed video signals are received by wireless device 109 as part of TCP/IP data. As discussed below (FIG. 3), WCIM 115 includes hardware and software to digitize and compress video received from remote computer 117. This compressed data is received by wireless device 109, and may be temporarily stored in buffer-in 211. WUST CPU 207 receives the compressed video data and transmits this data to video conditioning circuit 204 where it is decompressed and converted to an analog format compatible with video monitor 105. The system of the present invention may utilize the decompression method described in application Ser. No. 10/233,299. The analog video data is sent to video monitor 105 through video port 203.
The user selects a computer for control by choosing from the computers on the menu. Preferably, WUST CPU 207 is a general purpose processor that can be programmed to output an option menu to monitor 105. A general purpose processor can utilize existing application program interfaces ("APIs") to present a user friendly (e.g., with extensive graphics) interface to the user. Alternatively, the option menu can be generated by circuitry within WUST 102. For example, WUST 102 may include an on-screen display (OSD) processor. The OSD can be instructed by a microprocessor to display a list of available remote computers 117. However, because most commercially available OSDs are character based, providing only a rudimentary interface to the user, a general purpose processor is preferred.
A feature of the present invention is the ability to include an up-to-date list of remote computers that are available for control. Preferably, the list is generated by utilizing identification information transmitted with a broadcast message by WCIM 115. For example, the identification information may include the name of the remote computer, the type of computer, or other identification information (e.g., the IP address of the computer). This identification information can also be used to logically arrange the available remote computers 117 in groups or trees to present an efficient interface for the user to search for and select a remote computer. The option menu may also display information about computers currently controlled by other user workstations 101.
To switch to another connected device, the user preferably depresses a "hotkey" on keyboard 103 such as "printscreen" or "F1" on keyboard 103 attached to WUST 102 (FIG. 1). This causes WUST 102 to display the option menu on video monitor 105 thus allowing a user to select a new remote computer 117.
The option menu produced on the video screen may refresh automatically as remote computers 117 enter and exit the network. Alternatively, the option menu may refresh every time a user wishes to be interfaced with a different remote computer 117.
Although depicted as a hardware device, WUST 102 may be a standard personal computer that utilizes a standard operating system such as Microsoft Windows, UNIX, LINUX, etc. In this embodiment, WUST 102 is a computer equipped with wireless capabilities. Video monitor 105, keyboard 103, and cursor control device 107 communicate with WUST 102 utilizing standard connections well known in the art. Instead of utilizing WUST CPU 207, the functionality of WUST 102 is implemented as a software program. Specifically, the software program utilizes wireless LAN capabilities to determine what remote computers 117 are available. The software receives broadcast messages from its wireless connection and generates an option menu for the user.
An advantage of a software based implementation is that standard software APIs can be utilized to generate the option menu. Further, the menu can have a look and feel that is more familiar to the user (e.g., if Microsoft development software or Java APIs are utilized, the menu will resemble other Windows or Java applications). Utilizing commonly available APIs, the option menu can have graphics, icons, pull-down menus, etc. to present a more user-friendly interface.
As with the hardware solution, the software recognizes the user's selection of remote computer 117, and transmits a request to the appropriate WCIM 115. The WCIM 115 can accept or deny the request. If the request is accepted, the WCIM 115 and WUST 102 communicate over a channel of the wireless network.
Referring next to FIG. 3, depicted is the preferred embodiment of WCIM 115 according to the present invention. WCIM 115 includes KVM port 301 to communicate with video port 303, keyboard port 305, and cursor control device port 307 of remote computer 117. During normal operation, WCIM 115 receives video signals unidirectionally from remote computer 117 through cable 302. WCIM 115 also transmits keyboard and cursor control device signals to keyboard port 305 and cursor control port 307 through cable 302. Alternatively, each of video port 303, keyboard port 305 and cursor control device port 307 can be connected to WCIM 115 utilizing separate cables for each port. Additional connections, e.g., serial, USB, parallel port, etc. may also be utilized.
Keyboard and cursor control device signals are wirelessly transmitted bi-directionally between remote computer 117 and WUST 102. Video signals are unidirectionally transmitted from remote computer 117 to WUST 102. To accomplish the transmission of video, keyboard, and cursor control device data, WCIM 115 preferably includes video conditioning circuit 309, WCIM CPU 311, buffer-in 313, buffer-out 315, UART 317, memory 319, and wireless device 119. Wireless device 119 enables WCIM 115 to communicate over wireless communications path 121 with a WUST 102.
During operation, video signals are transmitted from video port 303 of remote computer 117 to KVM port 301 of WCIM 115 via cable 302. From KVM port 301, the unidirectional video signals are transmitted to video conditioning circuitry 309 which converts the analog video to compressed digital video data. Wireless communications path 121 has a limited bandwidth (e.g., 54 megabits/second) and is limited to the transmission of digital data. Therefore, video conditioning circuit 309 is necessary to enable transmission of video data in accordance with the system of the present invention. Video conditioning circuit 309 preferably utilizes the compression method and hardware described in co-pending application Ser. No. 10/233,299, which is incorporated herein by reference. This method utilizes a compression algorithm that takes advantage of the spatial and temporal redundancies typical of the video output of a remote computer. The method also utilizes algorithms that encode the red, green and blue components of the video signal for transmission over a digital connection. The digitized and compressed video, which may be temporarily stored in buffer-out 315, are transmitted by wireless device 119 to WUST 102 over wireless communications path 121.
Keyboard and cursor control device signals received from keyboard port 305 and cursor control device port 307, respectively, are transmitted via cable 302 to KVM port 301, whereupon the signals are sent to WCIM CPU 311. WCIM CPU 311 creates data packets based upon information received from keyboard port 305 and cursor control device port 307. These data packets, which may be temporarily stored in buffer-out 315, are transmitted to WUST 102 by wireless device 119 utilizing TCP/IP data sent over wireless communications path 121.
Conversely, wireless device 119 receives data packets from WUST 102 through wireless communications path 121 that contain data related to a user's utilization of keyboard 103 and cursor control device 107. These data packets may be temporarily stored in buffer-in 313, and are ultimately sent to WCIM CPU 311. WCIM CPU 311 interprets the data packets received from WUST 102 and generates emulated keyboard and cursor control device signals. These emulated signals are sent to KVM port 301 through UART 317. Specifically, UART 317 converts data from WCIM CPU 311 into a serial protocol understood by keyboard port 305 and cursor control device 307.
WCIM 115 also contains memory unit 319, which stores identification information for WCIM 115 and its connected remote computer 117 including the assigned name, group, address, etc. This identification information is sent by wireless device 119 to WUST 102 for purposes of providing the user a list of available remote computers 117. Further, the identification information can be utilized in the routing of wireless data to the correct WCIM 115.
In the preferred embodiment, remote computer 117 provides power to WCIM 115. Thus, the equipment and cabling required for a dedicated WCIM power source is eliminated saving space and money.
Preferably, WCIM 115 is compatible with all commonly used computer operating systems and protocols, including but not limited to those manufactured by Microsoft (Windows), Apple (Macintosh), Sun (Solaris), DEC, Compaq (Alpha), IBM (RS/6000), HP (HP9000) and SGI (IRIX). Additionally, local devices may communicate with remote computers via a variety of protocols including Universal Serial Bus ("USB"), American Standard Code for Information Interchange ("ASCII") and Recommend Standard-232 ("RS-232").
Referring next to FIG. 4, depicted is a flow chart that details the exchange of information between a WCIM 115 and WUST 102 necessary to establish a connection between a user workstation 101 (including WUST 102, keyboard 103, monitor 105, and cursor control device 107) and a remote computer 117. The flow chart begins with WCIM 115 (coupled to remote computer 117) and WUST 102 (with associated keyboard 103, monitor 105 and cursor control device 107) also entering the same network (steps 401 and 403). Entering the network may simply entail coming within a range of communications, being powered-on, etc. As described above, the 802.11 standard supports ad-hoc dynamic networks where wireless devices can automatically enter a wireless network.
In step 405, WCIM 115 sends a broadcast message 406 that preferably includes identification information related to its associated remote computer 117. WCIM 115 may be configured to periodically send these broadcast messages to alert WUSTs 102 entering the network of the availability of the associated remote computer 117. Immediately after entering the network, WUST 102 enters a state in which it listens for these broadcast messages (step 407). Upon receipt of a broadcast message, WUST 102 updates the list of available servers displayed to the user on video monitor 105 (step 409).
In an alternative embodiment, WUSTs 102 send broadcast messages that request responses from WCIMs 115. Upon receipt of the broadcast message, WCIM 115 responds with identification information about its associated remote computer 117. WUST 102 updates the list of available servers utilizing the identification information.
WUST 102 displays a list of available remote computers 117 to the user, which is updated upon detection of any WCIM 115 entering or leaving the network (step 409). If the user selects a remote computer 117 from this list (step 411), WUST 102 sends a connection request 414 over the broadcast channel (step 413). WCIM 115, which is in a waiting state (step 415), can deny the request or accept the request (step 417). For example, if the associated remote computer 117 of WCIM 115 is under control of a different WUST 102, WCIM 115 denies the request. If WCIM 115 denies the request, a denial message is sent to WUST 102.
If WCIM 115 accepts the request, WCIM 115 sends an acknowledgment message to WUST 102 (acknowledgment message 419). Once WUST 102 sends connection request 414, it enters a waiting state (step 421) where it remains until it receives acknowledgment message 419. Preferably, connection request 414 includes a channel ID, selected by WUST 102, through which WUST 102 and WCIM 115 communicate upon acceptance and acknowledgement of request 414. As described earlier, an advantage of the 802.11 standard is that it allows for multiple channels of communication within the same network.
Upon acceptance of the connection, WCIM 115 sends acknowledgment message 419 on the requested channel. WUST 102 then begins to transmit TCP/IP data 224, which includes keyboard and cursor control device data from keyboard 103, and cursor control device 107 (step 423). WUST 102 sends this data over wireless communications path 121 to WCIM 115 through the selected channel. WCIM 115 receives the data and utilizes this data to generate signals for the keyboard port 305 and cursor control device port 307 of the remote server 117.
WCIM 115 begins to receive video data from its associated remote computer 117. WCIM 115 receives the video data, digitizes the data, and communicates the data, preferably as TCP/IP data 422, through wireless communications path 121 (step 421). This communication continues until the user of WUST 102 selects a different remote computer 117 to control.
To choose a different remote computer 117, a user at WUST 102 preferably depresses a designated "hot-key", such as the printscreen key or the F1 key on keyboard 103. This hot-key instructs WUST 102 to display an option menu of available remote computers 117 on monitor 105. The option menu includes a list of available remote computers 117, as determined by the receipt of the broadcast messages from associated WCIMs 115 (step 409). The option menu may also be a GUI which can include groups and descriptions of available servers, icons representing each server, etc. If the option menu is developed with software, it can have the look and feel of a standard environment (e.g., Windows, Macintosh, Java, etc). As described earlier, a user can select a remote computer 117 from the option menu which initiates transmission of a connection request (step 413) over the broadcast channel.
The computer management system of the present invention may include a number of other features. For example, various methods of restricting access to certain servers can be implemented. In one embodiment, to utilize the system of the present invention, a user first initiates a remote management session at WUST 102 and enters a required username and password. Of course any unique combination of authentication information may be utilized, including if preferred, biometric authentication. Again, the display capabilities of the option menu may be utilized to facilitate prompting the user for proper identification information.
WUST 102 and WCIM 115 also are compatible with, and preferably implement, encrypted or secure wireless transmission. Various standards for secure wireless transmission of data are known in the art. For example, the system of the present invention may utilize the wired equivalent privacy ("WEP") protocol, which adds security to WLANs based on the 802.11 Wi-Fi standard. WEP is an OSI data link layer security technology that can be turned "on" or "off." WEP is designed to give wireless networks the equivalent level of privacy protection as comparable wired networks. WEP is based on the RC4 security scheme that utilizes a combination of secret user keys and system-generated values. The original implementations of WEP supported 40-bit encryption; however, newer versions have 128-bit (or better) encryption. Of course, other methods of ensuring secure wireless transmission of data can be utilized such as the WiFi Protected Access (WPA) protocol, the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), etc.
Turning to FIG. 5, depicted is an alternate embodiment of the present invention in which a hybrid wireless/wired remote computer management system 500 is enabled with the utilization of access point technology. This embodiment of the present invention enables wireless WUSTs 102 to control remote computers 117 coupled to WCIMs 115 or wired computer interface modules (CIMs) 515. CIMs 515 are analogous to WCIMs 115, but they include wired communication devices (e.g., NICs 519) in lieu of wireless communication devices 119. Remote computer management system 500 also enables WCIMs 115 to be controlled by WUSTs 102 or by remote user stations (e.g., user workstation 507). Central to this embodiment is KVM wireless/wired switch 501 which includes traditional wired communications capability (NIC 503) and wireless communications ability (wireless device 119).
In this embodiment of the present invention, switch 501 can be a commercially available access point, which is used in lieu of an ad-hoc network. Advantageously, an access point can increase the scalability of the wireless network while still allowing devices to dynamically enter and leave the network. In an alternate embodiment of the system of the present invention, a central wireless switch with this access point technology is utilized to enable WCIMs and WUSTs to communicate.
Switch 501 also supports Internet connectivity. For example, NIC 503 can connect to Internet 509 through Internet connection 511, which may be a cable modem, DSL line, T1 line, etc. Advantageously, this connection allows remote access from any user workstation equipped with Internet connectivity. For example, user workstation 505, which is connected to Internet 509 through Internet connection 513, can access switch 501 and communicate with switch 501 utilizing TCP/IP. Thus, switch 501 enables user workstation 507 to communicate with any remote computer 117, regardless of the location or wireless capabilities of remote user workstation 507.
FIG. 6 is yet another embodiment of the present invention, in which multiple remote computers 117 are interfaced to one composite WCIM 601. Composite WCIM 601 is similar to WCIM 115, but with increased capabilities (e.g., additional KVM ports and additional wireless devices). Advantageously, composite WCIM 601 enables the present invention to connect multiple remote computers 117 with minimal hardware.
Although the architecture of a composite WCIM 601 can vary, one example is shown in FIG. 7. Notably, composite WCIM 601 comprises similar components to WCIM 115 (FIG. 3), including WCIM CPU 711, buffer-in 713, buffer-out 715, and memory 719. To accommodate multiple remote computers 117 (three (3) are shown in FIG. 7, but more could be accommodated), composite WCIM 601 comprises multiple KVM ports 701, multiple UARTs 717 and multiple video conditioning circuits 709. WCIM CPU 711 must have the capability to receive input from multiple sources and memory 719 must be capable of storing identification information for each attached remote computer 117. Finally, composite WCIM 601 may have multiple wireless devices 119 to increase available bandwidth for communication to WUSTs 102 (FIG. 1).
While the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments and several alternative embodiments, which embodiments have been set forth in considerable detail for the purposes of making a complete disclosure of the invention, such embodiments are merely exemplary and are not intended to be limiting or represent an exhaustive enumeration of all aspects of the invention. The scope of the invention, therefore, shall be defined solely by the following claims. Further, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that numerous changes may be made in such details without departing from the spirit and the principles of the invention. It should be appreciated that the present invention is capable of being embodied in other forms without departing from its essential characteristics.
a plurality of second transceivers each having a second wireless communications device and each said second transceiver being coupled to at least one of said remote devices for receiving video data from said remote devices and for transmitting said video data to said receiver over a wireless network.
2. A system according to claim 1, wherein said wireless network is an 802.11 wireless network.
3. A system according to claim 2, wherein said wireless network is an ad-hoc wireless network.
4. A system according to claim 2, wherein said wireless network is an infrastructure wireless network.
5. A system according to claim 1, wherein said wireless network is a Bluetooth network.
6. A system according to claim 1, wherein said wireless network includes a wireless enabled switch.
7. A system according to claim 1, wherein each said first transceiver includes circuitry for displaying a list of said remote devices on said video monitor.
8. A system according to claim 7, wherein each said first transceiver transmits a connection request message to one of said plurality of second transceivers in response to a user's selection from said list.
9. A system according to claim 8, wherein said connection request message includes a select channel for wireless communications between said first and second wireless communications devices over said wireless network.
10. A system according to claim 7, wherein said list is generated by an on-screen display processor.
11. A system according to claim 7, wherein said list is generated by software implemented on a general purpose processor.
12. A system according to claim 7, wherein said list includes information related to said remote devices.
13. A system according to claim 12, wherein said list is automatically updated with additional remote devices.
14. A system according to claim 1, wherein said video data is compressed before being transmitted by said second wireless communications device of said second transceivers.
15. A system according to claim 1, wherein said video data, said keyboard data, and said cursor control device data is encrypted before being transmitted by said first and said second wireless communications devices over said wireless network.
transmitting keyboard and cursor control device signals from said keyboard and cursor control device of said workstation to said select remote device over said wireless network.
updating said menu of available remote devices with additional remote devices.
updating said menu of available remote devices automatically as said remote devices enter or leave said wireless network.
19. A method according to claim 16, wherein said wireless network is an 802.11 wireless network.
20. A method according to claim 19, wherein said wireless network is a peer-to-peer wireless network.
21. A method according to claim 19, wherein said wireless network is an infrastructure mode wireless network.
22. A method according to claim 19, wherein said wireless network is a Bluetooth wireless network.
and wherein said central switch communicates said video data to one of said plurality of first wireless-enabled transceivers via said first wireless network.
24. A system according to claim 23, wherein said first wireless network and said second wireless networks are 802.11 wireless networks.
25. A system according to claim 23, wherein each said first transceiver includes circuitry for displaying a menu of said remote devices on said video monitor.
26. A system according to claim 25, wherein each said first transceiver transmits a connection request message to the central switch and the central switch transmits the connection request message to one of said plurality of second transceivers in response to a selection from said menu.
27. A system according to claim 25, wherein said menu is generated by an on-screen display processor.
28. A system according to claim 25, wherein said menu is generated by software implemented on a general purpose processor.
29. A system according to claim 28, wherein said menu includes information related to said remote devices.
30. A system according to claim 29, wherein said menu is automatically updated with additional remote devices.
31. A system according to claim 23, wherein said video data is compressed before being transmitted by said second transceiver.


Relapse treatment should not be confused with relapse prevention work, which is a common component of many primary treatment facilities. A New Today Addiction Centers structure incorporates the latest research findings into our innovative evidence-based practices from medicine and psychology with historically proven methods like, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), 12-Step integration, motivational interviewing and positive peer culture. The program de-emphasizes lecture-focused learning and provides a whole person assessment, a customized treatment plan, and unified support with the assistance of family and referents.
Because chemical dependency is a chronic disease, the potential for relapse exists. A pioneer in relapse treatment, A New Today offers specialized residential relapse treatment--not just a relapse "track", but an actual program. By exploring and addressing relapse patterns and triggers, we help patients develop strategies to disrupt and eliminate these patterns.
Relapse treatment is by nature more intense than primary care: it must go deeper, seek out and heal issues and problems that have remained with an individual during their recovery.
The team works extensively with the patient and their family and performs several different evaluations, then designs an individual and integrated treatment plan based on themes and patterns of each person's addiction, building from what has and hasn't worked in the past. They collaborate daily to ensure that every patient is progressing as they should in relapse treatment.
Treating patients who have relapsed is complicated, but our behavioral health experts have a great deal of experience. Sometimes, relapsed patients are more ambivalent than emotional; sometimes they approach relapse treatment superficially, hiding deeper issues that may be the root cause of relapse. Because patients have been through treatment before, they know how they're "supposed" to respond to treatment; they know all the right lines and what to say. Our staff is familiar with these patterns; we know that it's critical to get beyond patients' "lip service" to treatment and get down to their real emotions and thoughts.
The road to recovery is a treacherous one, filled with obstacles and daily challenges. Having a relapse is very common amongst people recovering from alcohol and drug addiction. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, addiction is a chronic disease and the rate of relapse from drug addiction ranges from 40 to 60 percent. This percentage is on par with other chronic illnesses such as asthma and hypertension.
While you may feel frustrated and disappointed, it's important to pick yourself up and forge ahead with your new life of sobriety.
After a relapse, you may feel like drug addiction rehab was a waste of time and a failure. The truth is, having a relapse simply means your recovery plan needs some adjustment. When you adjust to life after rehab, you're attempting to make changes to routines, behaviors and thought processes that have been ingrained for many years. Long-term change only comes with time and persistence.
When you view drug and alcohol addiction as a chronic disease just as other illnesses such as asthma, medical professionals agree that relapses are almost to be expected as part of the recovery process. While it's important not to beat yourself up after a relapse, it's also vital to take responsibility for your own actions and own up to them.
Speak to your therapist, counselor or sponsor as soon as possible. Having a dependable support network at home is critical to ongoing success. During inpatient rehab, you likely had easy access to a supportive shoulder to lean on when you were feeling down. It's important that you continue to receive that kind of support at home either through a continuing aftercare program with weekly meetings, or through a more informal arrangement with a trusted friend or sponsor.
Now is the perfect time to re-evaluate your treatment plan and figure out where things went wrong. Perhaps you were feeling lonely and isolated and turned to alcohol or drugs. Plan for more social outings and don't be afraid to call a friend. Maybe you skipped going to the gym for a week because you were sick and tired of the same old exercise routine. Tweak your workout plan and enroll in new and fun fitness classes instead.
When you reframe the situation as a learning experience rather than a failure, it'll be much easier to pick up the pieces and move ahead.
Once you've thought of areas that need tweaking, write down your new plan and implement it. You may decide that you'd like to enroll in an outpatient program, or that you need to focus more on fitness and nutrition. Whatever your new plans are, stick with it and follow through.
Grit and perseverance will get you through the rocky first year following rehab and are the keys to long-term success. Call us today to learn more.


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FMCG »
Stefan Heidenreich
Hindustan UniLever
We are market leader in some sectors against the mighty HUL: Nivea
The German skin-care company, which had hitherto largely outsourced production in India or imported Nivea products from its home base, opened its first manufacturing unit in the country about two years ago.Sagar Malviya | ET Bureau | March 17, 2017, 08:31 IST
MUMBAI: Beiersdorf AG, the owner of the Nivea brand of consumer products, has harnessed its newly established production base in India to challenge the entrenched rival Hindustan Unilever, vindicating the German company's latest strategy to replace outsourcing or imports with local manufacturing.
"We have become the market leader in a couple of sectors, against the mighty Hindustan Unilever (HUL). So, we are quite pleased. We have, for the first time last year, crossed $100 million in India and we are profitable," Stefan Heidenreich, Beiersdorf 's chief executive, said in an investor call last week.
For year ended December, Beiersdorf surpassed HUL in the deodorants segment for the first time, with an 8.7% share of the urban market, compared with HUL's Axe that had 7.7% share. A year ago, HUL's share was 8.3%, versus Nivea's 7.1%.
The German skin-care company, which had hitherto largely outsourced production in India or imported Nivea products from its home base, opened its first manufacturing unit in the country about two years ago. Local manufacturing has helped the German company lower prices and introduce affordable sachets that can be purchased by millions of Indians who are at the margins of the consumption threshold.
For its part, India's biggest multinational consumer goods company HUL said it does not comment on market share as a policy. "India's deodorant market is underpenetrated, with a big headroom for growth. Our new launches across Axe Signature and Rexona are delivering strong growth for us, while gaining consumer franchise," said an HUL spokesperson.
Since 2011, Nivea India has been the fastest growing affiliate within Beiersdorf's operations. "In all the segments that Nivea has entered, it has gone from being an insignificant brand into one of the top three brands in the category," said Rakshit Hargave, SVP for Beiersdorf India and Sub-Saharan Africa. "In 2016, Nivea has outgrown the category by three times and has been able to beat market sluggishness in the December quarter."
Experts believe that the company has been historically very strong in the modern trade segment, wresting skin-care business from HUL and Procter & Gamble. "Nivea has been innovating and stayed most relevant to consumers in the changing times. Within deodorants, it has consistently gained share despite several new entrants, while its body lotions have been growing the fastest at 30%," said Devendra Chawla, group president at organised retailer Future Group.
Tags : Food & Entertainment, FMCG, Stefan Heidenreich, Nivea, market share, Hindustan UniLever, Beiersdorf AG

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Performance Lifestyle Sun section of the R2 collection blends the bold and unique design language of Oakley frame architecture. Features on the Performance Lifestyle Sun products offer comfort, protection and also visual clarity to life beyond sports. Athletes have inspired the designs of the Performance Lifestyle Sun products. Frame and lens technology within the range match all-day comfort of lightweight.
The Oakley Sliver®Stealth OO9408 are the latest rendition of the Sliver Style but this design has a shorter frame with a higher wrap.
The Sliver®Stealth OO9408 boast Oakley's O-Matter material which offers durability, all-day comfort of lightweight. HDO lens tech is in the Oakley Sliver®Stealth OO9408; therefore this provides crystal clear vision and impact resistance. They come in 7 available types of Prizm lens, and 3 individual models offer the best polarized lenses on the planet.
The Sliver®Stealth OO9408 are suitable for small to medium faces. The style has a high wrap design for maximum coverage. Sliver®Stealth OO9408 come with the Oakley 3-point fit to provide comfort as well as performance by holding the lenses in precise optical alignment.


Magellan Stamps is a family run business established in 2016. We ourselves are active stamp collectors and have enjoyed the hobby for over thirty years. As a business we strive to offer an excellent service, quality items and value for money. Our sister company OnceLovedByUs sells antiques, vintage items, books and non-philatelic collectables. For easier navigation please use the category listings. Thank you for browsing our items.
Chinese Eight Immortals (Ba Xian) porcelain figurines 4"
LAUGHING BUDDHA with five CHILDREN Vintage Chinese figurine 4½"
A Hand Blown Glass Art Figure in the shape of a bird on wooden plinth 10"


We have examined the truth that in Christ we are adopted into the family of God. We have been brought into a body with a purpose that is much bigger than ourselves. God is filling the Earth with his presence through his people. This means that participation in the church is not optional.
So what does it look like to participate in the church? We are often stirred by grand gestures, but small, everyday acts can feel unimportant or even unsatisfying. Hebrews 10:24-25 tells us that small, everyday things matter! 'And let us consider how to stir up one another to love and good works, not neglecting to meet together, as is the habit of some, but encouraging one another, and all the more as you see the Day drawing near.' We are in a story that is much bigger than our own, God's story. Being together regularly and encouraging one another are essential ingredients to being God's people. Pray and consider your church family. Who is someone you have seen grow and mature at Point? Go tell them. Pray with them and consider how you can respond together to God's love with love and good works. This is being the church and it matters.


Modularack wine racks are a modular, stackable wine racking system. Modularack is designed to gradually add wine racks as your wine collection grows. Modularacks are manufactured of Australian plantation-grown radiata pine, a particularly strong and attractive timber. Natural pine allows you the option to paint or varnish to match any decor.
Modularack is one of the strongest and most stable wine racks available on the market. It takes only minutes to erect and requires no tools, glue, nails or screws to assemble - pieces simply fit together. There are no connecting pieces and everything you need is included.
Modularack wine racks come in nine standard widths, ranging from 4 to 12 bottles wide, and can stack up to any height. It is suited to wall wine storage requirements and scales up easily from 12 bottles through to the serious collector who may have a cellar of 12,000 plus bottles.
Design your own rack with this creative modular storage system. The rack's expansion capabilities are endless, simply link in more modules as your cellar grows. Modular Rack Dimensions: H140mm, D295mm, W1200mm Manufactured in Australia from Plantation Pine.


Hood Building is a DOE facility from 1946-1963 so workers are eligible to file for both Part B and Part E claims.
Hood has a Special Exposure Cohort which covers all workers with at least 250 days employment between May 9, 1946-December 31, 1963.
In 1946, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) relocated the work it had been performing under Manhattan Engineer District (MED) contracts into the Hood Building as a means of consolidating work with unique health hazards. The MED, and subsequently the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) owned the Hood Building, which was located adjacent to the MIT campus. Contractors working in the Hood Building performed the same work that was previously performed on MIT's campus, including work with uranium, beryllium and other metals under contract with the MED and AEC. In 1954 Nuclear Metals Inc. was established and took over the work that MIT had been performing in the Hood Building. Those operations continued until October 29, 1958, when the work was relocated again. The Hood Building was subsequently demolished after which the AEC released it to its new owners on July 11, 1963.
DOE Legacy Management has a webpage on MIT Hood Building since it was considered for FUSRAP.
DOL provides Part B and Part E statistics on the Hood Building but no Site Exposure Matrix.
NIOSH lists statistics for the Hood Building dose reconstructions.
The Wall Street Journal's Waste Lands series provides information on the Hood Building.


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Jens Steger – Warning Shot from Brussels, European Commission Strengthens Gun Jumping Enforcement
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Jens Steger was interviewed by prominent German newspaper Food-Magazine as an authority on European antitrust law regarding the merger of two leading Norwegian fish farmers in 2013. On July 23, 2014, the European Commission imposed a fine of EUR 20 million (US $ 26.9 million) on Marine Harvest, the world's largest fish farmer and processor, for acquiring its rival Morpol, listed on the Oslo stock exchange, without having received prior authorization under EU Merger Regulation.
Under the EU Merger Regulation 139/2004, mergers and acquisitions that meet the turnover thresholds of the Regulation must be notified to and authorized by the Commission before they are implemented, also known as the so-called 'standstill obligation'. Under EU rules, companies can buy shares listed on a stock exchange prior to obtaining merger control clearance for the acquisition, as long as the acquirer doesn't exercise the voting rights attached to the stock. In this transaction, Marine Harvest first purchased the 48.5% block of shares from a single seller; due to applicable EU law, the above does not apply in such a constellation. Following that 48.5% share purchase, the company launched a compulsory public offer for the remaining shares of Morpol. The deal was filed with the European Commission for EU merger approval in August 2013 and was cleared- subject to asset divestitures - in September 2013.
Gun jumping is a global issue, and antitrust watchdogs around the world are developing an appetite to investigate and prosecute companies for failing to notify reportable transactions or for implementing a notified transaction in breach of 'standstill obligations.' The Strengthening of the Commission's merger control practice has a long history. It had begun with its decision of February 18, 1998 in the case Samsung/AST where the Commission - for the first time ever -fined a company with EUR 33.000 ECU due to 'gun jumping'. The first fine ever due to 'gun jumping' after the legislative amendment of the EU Merger Control Regulation in 2004 hit Electrabel with EUR 20 million (US $ 26.9 million). The decision has been recently confirmed by the Court of Justice of the European Union (decision of July 3, 2013, C-84/13 P).
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issara.baumann@arnoldporter.com
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And if you're like the majority of people that have actually been desperate to soak for years and years now, looking into different programs, training strategies, purchasing tools and innovation created to increase your vertical leap without any genuine outcomes, you're more than skeptical. You're most likely to be a disbeliever.
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Even simply a surface level dive into the evidence and testimonials, as well as the containers and containers of glowingly positive reviews out there online, concerning the Vert Shock program will show you just how successful this option really is.
With the Vert Shock program, we are talking about a simple, systemized, and straightforward platform created to do something and one thing much better than any other program out there– include a tremendous amount of verticality to your jumping capability, nearly right now.
They have been slamming down a vicious dunk without any "cheating" or help on the way as much as the basket!
You'll see that these people are not specifically athletically gifted, do not have a 6 foot plus height advantage, and are the kinds of individuals that you would traditionally think are able to jump into the air, hang there for what feels like forever, and then knock down a dunk with the type of force that you get out of someone like Lebron James.
No. These are Typical Joes, rec league warriors, and weekend pick up video game champions seeking to gain an edge, restore an action, and take off in the air for the first time ever to really poster a man.
The whole backbone of the Vert Shock program was conceived of, designed, and developed be a former NCAA Department I and worldwide expert basketball player by the name of Adam Folker.
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text:
11 Albert Mohler Quotes
Update on July 22, 2015 by Pastor Jack Wellman
Search within the 11 Albert Mohler Quotes
I believe that the Roman church is a false church and it teaches a false gospel...and indeed, I believe that the pope himself holds a false and unbiblical office.
- Albert Mohler
DoctrineReligion
I want to assist churches and to assist pastors in training pastors. But, after fourteen years of service in this capacity, I am absolutely certain that the finest theological seminary on earth is absolutely incompetent at replicating the actual life of a Gospel congregation. I want to train a generation of pastors who will train pastors, and I want to help them in that task.
ChurchPreaching
Is it our task to force the biblical doctrine of God to answer to modern culture, or (is it our task) to address modern culture with the biblical doctrine of God? If modern culture-or any culture-establishes the baseline for the doctrine of God, such a doctrine will certainly bear little resemblance to the God of the Bible.
When a denomination begins to consider doctrine divisive, theology troublesome, and convictions inconvenient, consider that denomination on its way to a well-deserved death.
DoctrineRebellion
An institution has to decide, and it's not just an option, it's a responsibility, how much diversity can be tolerated.
I can only hope that every minister could come to know friends as true, as faithful, and as genuine as I have come to know in C. J., Mark, and Lig. We are exhilarated in being together, and we take tremendous delight in each other. One of the problems we face in today's church is that men are not often sustained by authentic friendships. This is especially deadly for pastors.
If a biological basis is found, and if a prenatal test is then developed, and if a successful treatment to reverse the sexual orientation to heterosexual is ever developed, we would support its use as we should unapologetically support the use of any appropriate means to avoid sexual temptation and the inevitable effects of sin.
I'm no specialist in Islamic theology. I'll let those who are debate whether or not there is that kind of militancy and warrior culture within Islamic theology. But I want to say as a Christian theologian, the biggest problem with Islamic theology is that it kills the soul.
I continually am confronted by Christians, even active members of major churches, who have never heard this taught in their local congregations. We have a lowest-common-denominator Christianity being taught in so many denominations that has produced a people who simply do not know some of the most basic Christian truths.
Mr. Osteen can be assured that his weak and evasive non-answer to this reporter's question will put him at very little risk for arrest. But then, pandering prophets are rarely at much of a risk from the public anyway. There was no conviction in his answer; no clear declaration of biblical truth; no Gospel, no judgment, and no promise. Just a non-answer with a smile. Pathetic . . . simply pathetic. (regarding Osteen's failure to declare homosexuality as sin)
Don't Just Do Something: Stand There. Don't Just Stand There: Do Something.
IdlenessService


text:
All work by
John F. Manning
Without the Pretense of Legislative Intent
Essay by John F. Manning
In Memoriam: Justice Antonin Scalia
In Memoriam by Cass R. Sunstein, Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr., John F. Manning, Justice Elena Kagan, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Martha Minow & Rachel E. Barkow
Essays in Honor of Justice Stephen G. Breyer
Introduction by Martha Minow
Tribute by Cass R. Sunstein, Glenn Cohen, John F. Manning, Joseph William Singer, Jr., Laurence H. Tribe, Mark Tushnet, Martha A. Field, Martha Minow, Michael J. Klarman, Richard H. Fallon & Todd D. Rakoff
Constitutional Theory
The Means of Constitutional Power
The Supreme Court has always had a lot to say about the means used to implement the Constitution. I do not refer to headline-grabbing topics such as the freedom of…
Foreword by John F. Manning
Essays in Honor of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Tribute by Carol S. Steiker, Deborah E. Anker, John F. Manning, Judge Nancy Gertner, Julie C. Suk, Lani Guinier, Laurence H. Tribe, Mark Tushnet, Martha Minow, Richard J. Lazarus, Susan H. Farbstein & Vicki C. Jackson
Separation of Powers as Ordinary Interpretation
The Supreme Court applies the structural provisions of the Constitution by relying on an overarching framework of "separation of powers." Its cases reflect two distinct visions of the doctrine. Functionalist…
Article by John F. Manning
Federalism - Sep. of Pwr.
Federalism and the Generality Problem in Constitutional Interpretation
In recent years, the Supreme Court has embraced a freestanding federalism that is not tied to any particular clause of the Constitution. Rather, because multiple clauses assume the continued existence…
Statutory Pragmatism and Constitutional Structure
Tribute by John F. Manning


text:
Deputy Sheriff Andy R. Baird
Bell County Sheriff's Department
Bell County Sheriff's Department, Kentucky
End of Watch Sunday, May 4, 1924
Andy R. Baird
Deputy Sheriff Andy Baird was shot and killed at a mining camp known as Kettle Island near Pineville, Kentucky.
Deputy Baird was notified after a local miner became drunk and started firing his gun randomly at nearby citizens. Deputy Baird deputized two citizens and began looking for the man.
The subject also learned that Deputy Baird was searching for him and then began looking for the deputy. The man interrupted a school board meeting before observing Deputy Baird and the two citizens from a distance. The man taunted Deputy Baird and then opened fire with a shotgun, striking him in the leg. Despite the wound, Deputy Baird returned fire but did not strike the subject, who fled.
Deputy Baird succumbed to his wound the following day.
The 38-year-old man remained at large for more than three years before being apprehended in Cincinnati and indicted for murder. The suspect died in the Bell County Jail on March 24, 1928, the day before his murder trial was to begin.
Deputy Baird was survived by his wife and two small children.
Tour Not available
Cause Gunfire
Incident Date Saturday, May 3, 1924
Weapon Shotgun
Offender Died in jail
Deputy Sheriff Baird,
On today, the 92nd anniversary of your death I would just like to say thank you for your service and sacrifice for the citizens of Bell County.
USBP
United States Border Patrol


Strategy in the information technology space is a lot like game theory – or at least it's like kid's game theory. The normal inclination of companies is to acquire other companies in order to grow. This is especially true when the target of an acquisition has a capability that you lack in your own service portfolio.
But during times of economic distress, it's hard to cost-justify such an acquisition. At the same time, it is very hard to justify a "buy" when you aren't quite sure how federal regulators will perceive such an acquisition. Enter kids games… If you remember Red Rover, you know that sometimes you call a weak player just to get numbers on your side. And then sometimes you call a strong and pivotal player with the hopes of building your own line. During economic situations like we are facing today, a courageous company may just try and call another company to come play on their team.
Last night, Twitter announced that they will be playing in the OAuth games. For those not intimately familiar with OAuth, it is an open authentication model that promotes application authentiaction and data sharing. OAuth is not the same thing as OpenID (which is for user/personal authentication). At the same time, they DID NOT annouce support for OpenID.
Why is this important? Well, user/personal authentication goes straight to the heart of your customer base. If you maintain your own user database, then you can leverage that base directly. If you rely upon someone else's user database (e.g., Google or Yahoo's users), then you can't directly tap that base – at least, not as easily. So I'm not suprised that Twitter is signaling OAuth. They want to have a broader reach of interoperatiblity. Unlike Facebook, Twitter doesn't have a "platform" to exploit. So it is in their interests to play on a field where other company's can agree to work in a friendly (coopetition-based) model.
It also makes sense that they aren't announcing any plans for OpenID. Twitter just said "no" to becoming an appendage on someone else's platform. But they aren't big enough to do the same thing that Facebook wanted to do (i.e., buy others and build themselves). This is especially true since there isn't a LOT of spare VC funding these days. So Twitter will keep its user base and "play nice" with others – for now.
By announcing OAuth support, Twitter is making itself an even bigger target. But this time, they may be the target of a different corporation – and it smells like an infrastructure player might be in the mix. Specifically, I see either Google or Yahoo! making a play (hostile or otherwise) for Twitter. Personally, I think that Google is trying to bring Twitter into their universe. It would make Google an even more compelling services "platform" if they had a "partner" who could pull the micro-blogging crowd into orbit.
Is Google thinking about it? Who knows? But they are certainly a big player in OAuth. Their entire OpenSocial initiative hinges on the success of OAuth. And recent posts by Google seem to indicate that they want to "play nice" with other companies and other services. If nothing else, maybe they can drive more services to rely upon Google infrastructure (i.e., not their search infrastructure).
At the same time, Yahoo! might surprise us. Their new CEO wants to make a big splash. And there could be no bigger splash than an outright pruchase of Twitter by Yahoo! I hope that this does not happen. But if I were the CEO at Yahoo!, I'd really be tempted.


otherkin | Donor, Not a döner.
Okay. I'm Acrophobic Pixie. I wander around the net every now and then. To my knowledge, I'm the only pixie that admits to acrophobia, so if you've met me, you've really met this me. If that makes sense.
So, this blog, the title, and my avatar picture. What the heck?, right? Okay. My avatar is of a döner, this apparently super tasting sandwich. People who don't use spell check often use doner instead of the word donor. A donor is a person that gives things to people, with no expectations of recieving something in return. Okay, well, it's a bit more complicated. Sure, I give to charity when I can, but I'm a different kind of donor. I donate to vampires. The real kind, not Dracula.
I'm currently donor to one vampire. She's been a great friend of mine for several years. She's a psychic vampire, so we don't have to be in the same physical vicinity for her to feed. Now, if I were to have a sanguine vamp, then yes, I'd have to be nearby. Bottled blood is not that safe. And very hard to ship, not that I'd really know.


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The Globalist – Peter Sutherland His Life and Legacy
by John Walsh
Genre:Biography & Memoir / Non Fiction
Peter Sutherland is probably the most influential Irish person ever and a key figure in world history over the past 25 years. Peter Sutherland was once described as having the best CV in the world. He was Ireland's youngest ever attorney general; the youngest ever European Commissioner; former chairman of Goldman Sachs International; former chairman of BP; UN special representative for migration and special adviser to the Vatican.His time as head of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was the high point of his career and a defining moment in modern history.He presided over the signing of the Uruguay round of multilateral trade negotiations. After eight years and much squabbling, what seemed like an impossible task in 1986 – to reach a global agreement on the removal of trade barriers and create true market liberalisation – came to pass under Sutherland's stewardship in Marrakesh on April 15th, 1994. He would go on to become the first head of the World Trade Organisation. More than any other individual he unleashed the forces of globalisation. Mickey Kantor, the US trade secretary during Bill Clinton's presidency, described him as the "father of globalisation."In an appearance before a House of Commons select committee on migration in 2012, he said countries should aim at less "homogeneity" in their populations by allowing in more migrants.This prompted a backlash against him and everything he had come to represent.In the last two years of his life, Brexit and the election of Donald Trump delivered two huge blows to the world order that Sutherland had helped to construct.THE GLOBALIST is the first in-depth biography of an international power-broker who was instrumental in shaping the global economy that we know today.