Designated as Singapore's first heritage town in 2011, the Joo Chiat/Katong area is home to Singapore's largest remaining cluster of Peranakan shophouses, which are unique for its combination of Chinese, European and Malay architectural influences.
It is in this charming, quaint neighbourhood where you can truly experience the vibrancy of Peranakan culture firsthand.
In the 1920s, this residential suburb was a popular seaside resort for the wealthy English-educated Peranakan middle class, who gave the neighbourhood a unique and colourful identity. The term "Peranakan" is derived from the Malay word "anak", meaning "child" and refers to people of mixed origins. Many of the Chinese, Indian, Arab and European traders who came to the Malay archipelago in the 15th to 17 centuries married local Malay women and raised "Peranakan" children who observed a mix of their parents' eating, dressing, artistic and religious customs.
Today, Peranakans make up less than 1% of the Singaporean population but their distinctive culture continues to play an influential role on local architecture, food and pop culture. Famous Peranakans include Singapore's first Prime Minister, Mr. Lee Kuan Yew and Tan Tock Seng, who opened the first hospital for poor Chinese. You can learn more about the history of Peranakans at the Peranakan Museum, but first a tour around Joo Chiat/Katong is necessary!
Koon Seng Road – This neighborhood's most iconic road is famous for its distinctive Peranakan pre-war architecture. Every shophouse boasts ornate ceramic tiles, floral motifs, and pastel-colored exteriors. The majority of these duplex terrace houses were built in the 1920's, and some have even won awards for their well-designed spaces. This area is a popular photoshoot space for weddings and blogshop owners, but we love Koon Seng Road because it gives us a chance to get away from the bustle of the city and enjoy life in an authentic "old Singapore" town.
Katong Antique House – Step into a restored two-storey Peranakan shophouse/family home and meet owner and curator Peter Wee to learn more about Baba history and culture. A fourth-generation Baba and the president of Singapore's Peranakan Association, Peter has always been interested in his ancestry and decided to share his knowledge of the society by creating a museum out of this house he inherited from his grandfather in the 1970s. The top floor houses a gallery that reminded us of the creative energy we felt in Holland Village.
This massive 25,000 sq meter mall is your go-to shopping hub for all things Malay – from textiles and carpets to crafts, jewelry, and food. To get a souvenir in line with the culture of this heritage town, we recommend visiting the shops selling traditional Peranakan and Malay costumes. There are also numerous tailor services here to custom design your outfits, which is why Joo Chiat Complex is especially popular with Muslims during the Hari Raya festival.
They say women are obsessed with shoes. Well, at Rumah Bebe, women will be in for a treat for their feet as shop owner Bebe Seet painstakingly sews Peranakan-style slippers and shoes bead by bead. Rumah Bebe also sells an array of other Peranakan-themed merchandise, including porcelain, silver-ware and jewelry, which are distinctive for their brightly colored floral and animal patterns. Located in a Peranakan house dating back to 1928, the shop itself is also a historical gem, and you will feel as if you've walked into the past.
We believe in supporting local and less-known Asian artists, so head to this shop to pick up a contemporary Asian oil or acrylic piece to decorate your home – affordable pieces start from below $600. You can also send in your own photograph and have their in-house artists convert it into a painting.
Laksa, a Malay-Chinese curry noodle known for its rich coconut broth, is already a well-known delicacy in Singapore. But Katong laksa is a must-try dish in this neighborhood as it was inspired by Peranakans living in Katong. The noodles here are cut short so you only need to eat it with a spoon, allowing you to slurp up the soup at the same time. There are many places claiming to be the "original" Katong laksa, including 328, but we recommend this place because they are so good they even beat Gordon Ramsay in the 2013 Singtel Hawker Heroes Challenge.
Exactly as the name of this coffee shop says, this eatery specializes in crispy roti prata. A genuine Mom & Pop shop like this is hard to come by these days, and we love that Mr Mohgan flips his own pratas while his wife, Mrs Mohgan, serves these pratas in stacks to breakfast crowds. The dough is entirely homemade, as are the three types of dipping curry – Dhal, Mutton and Fish.
When in Rome, eat as the Romans do. Likewise, in Singapore's heritage Peranakan town, enjoy an authentic Peranakan meal at Chilli Padi, where its simple decor, round Chinese tables and wooden chairs will make you feel like you're dining in someone's home. Served in traditional Peranakan ware, must-try's at Chilli Padi include the curry fish head and cabbage rolls.
We love a good ice cream spot on a hot day in Singapore, and LICK is just the place in the Joo Chiat/Katong neighborhood. With 25 to 40 flavors to choose from daily, every ice cream is hand-churned in-store every morning. We recommend going for their Singaporean-inspired flavors, including Milo Dinosaur and Kaya Toast, and topping them with Koko Krunch and Honey Stars cereal.
Chin Mee Chin is an old-time coffee shop that evokes the nostalgia of old Singaporean days with its tiled walls and traditional mosaic floors. A definite must-try here is their kaya buns. arguably one of the best in Singapore. The kaya is spread over buns, rather than sliced toast, and the jam is entirely homemade to preserve a more eggy taste. A selection of other traditional Asian pastries are offered, including egg tarts and spam rolls.
You will literally feel at home here because this chic cafe was opened by a group of interior designers who invite you to try out their different furniture while enjoying their barista coffee. If you're sitting on a couch that you find particularly comfortable, for example, you can ask their in-house consultant on pricing and availability details. Make sure to grab their specialty hot dogs as well, inspired by the flavors of different countries (Korea, Mexico, Singapore and Germany).
This restaurant's speciality is Thunder Tea Rice, a Hakka dish that is all the rage today because it is somewhat an Asian detox meal requiring you to pour a bowl of tea over a mixture of vegetables, tofu and herbs. Thunder Tea Rice is said to have originated during China's Qin Dynasty (221-207 AD) and is supposedly also effective in treating any joint and stomach pains.
This shop is known island-wide as having the best traditional Peranakan bak chang, pyramid-shaped glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves and stuffed with various savoury fillings, including shrimp and pork. Buy these for a good take-home snacks, along with their wide selection of Nyonya kueh, which are bite-sized steamed desserts and cakes made of glutinous rice found commonly in Southeast Asia. Try the colorful nine-layer kueh lapis, which are steamed again and again with each color painstakingly added layer by layer to create a rainbow look.
Kopitiam (local coffee shop) by day, and "hawker bar" by night, we like Alibabar for its chill out fusion Singaporean-Western vibes. You will be spoilt for choice with their impressive range of 70+ drink labels and international craft beers, to be paired with food from the shop's 5 stalls selling kopitiam classics, such as prawn noodles and hokkien mee, as well as gourmet burgers and Japanese cuisine.
Come to this bikers' and sports bar for its unique blend of old and new atmosphere. Set in a former Peranakan house, Hogs is popular for its live sports screenings, pool games and huge selection of craft beers, ciders, spirits and wines.
Alvin Yapp has decked out his post-war Joo Chiat house with an extensive collection of Peranakan antiques and furniture, and he warmly invites the public as guests to his home to learn more about Peranakan heritage. The beautiful architecture was similar to those we discovered in Kampong Glam, full of ethnic patterns. Yapp is so passionate about sharing Peranakan culture that you can pre-book his private dinners, which are based on his mother's Nyonya recipes.
Built in 1921, this beautiful Buddhist temple is dedicated to Kuan Yin, the Goddess of Mercy. Both devotees and visitors are welcome to join their various celebrations and events throughout the year – highlights include Chinese New Year's Eve and the Mid-Autumn Festival.
One of the oldest Hindu temples in Singapore dating back all the way to the 1850's, SSVT is also the only temple in Singapore with a kamala paatham, a specially sculptured granite footstone at the entrance found in certain Ancient Chola temples. This historic gem was damaged by a bomb in World War II and refurbished multiple times afterwards.
Spot this cheeky wall mural by the Joo Chiat Terrace Interim Park of two boys play-fighting on imaginary war horses. The genius behind this is Ernest Zacharevic, a contemporary artist most famous for his Banksy-like street art in Georgetown, Penang.
Under the famous Peranakan Kim Choo brand, this boutique/gallery is run and owned by internationally recognized fashion designer Raymond Wong, who specializes in creating and embroidering kebayas and sarongs. Not only can you consult him for a customized dress fitting, but you can also book Peranakan beading classes with him.


text:
Annaphila diva, also called the white annaphila, is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths). It is found in North America. Adults' fore wings are black with white markings. Their hind wings are white bordered with black. Larvae are brown with dark bands and spots and white stripes. The host plant is miner's lettuce.

The MONA or Hodges number for Annaphila diva is 9869.

References

Further reading

Amphipyrinae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Moths described in 1873

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Lunar Eclipse in Aquarius July 27 2018
The full moon on July 27, 2018 at 4° Aquarius is a total lunar eclipse. A lunar eclipse is a precisely aligned, supercharged Full Moon. The Earth's shadow falls between the Sun and Moon, and what is typically the brightest night of the month is veiled in darkness. As the light goes out, our shadows, secrets, feelings that seem too big or scary demand attention and expression. Changes that have been brewing behind the scenes are catalyzed into action, and we often see significant completions. This Eclipse is mainly influenced by Mars, making this an emotionally challenging eclipse. Mars anger and frustration could easily turn to reckless actions because of a harsh aspect to Uranus. This represents a significant turning point within its retrograde cycle (June 26 to August 27).
Mars retrograde in Aquarius advises us to search within to uncover our true desires, rethink our contribution to the collective, and reclaim our individuality and freedom. As the Full Moon conjoins Mars on the South Node, we can get clear feedback about what no longer inspires or motivates us. This total lunar eclipse in Aquarius is sandwiched between the South Node and retrograde Mars, bringing a strong focus to completing unfinished business and breaking free from the past.
Uranus, modern ruler of Aquarius, squares the Sun, the Moon, Mars, and the nodal axis, amplifying the revelatory and revolutionary power of this lunation. Unexpected events, erratic behavior, sudden changes, and radical breaks with the past are possible. We may feel like we're spinning in a swirl of chaos, but this Uranian storm can shake us out of stagnant patterns. Uranus trines Saturn supports us to integrate the radical changes triggered by this eclipse into tangible, lasting forms.
It brings the potential for a crisis with your self-esteem, a relationship or an event, and for neurotic distress triggered by a deeply buried subconscious fear of disaster. Bringing awareness to core underlying patterns, thereby raising consciousness of what needs to shift. The higher potential of Mars is to access a version of the masculine beyond the rules and norms of social convention, a Mars that reflects the Aquarian Age ideals of equality and freedom for all.
Remaining calm in a crisis is the key to dealing with this overly emotional lunar eclipse. With an emphasis on fixed signs and retrograde planets in this eclipse chart, we might feel like we're going backwards, regressing into old patterns. But we can trust that there's a deeper layer of healing ready to happen, as the eclipse opens a powerful portal for clearing stuck energy and emotions.
As we're pulled into the darkness of the unknown, we're called to trust the flow of change, to let go of our attachment to what we thought our future would be, and come into greater acceptance of what is.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Controversies during the Turkish general election of November 2015 mainly centred on the escalating violence in the south-east and the rise in domestic terrorist attacks linked to both the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). International concerns also grew over an increase in media censorship, with the government being accused of specifically targeting news outlets known to be close to the Gülen Movement such as Kanaltürk and Bugün TV. Safety concerns due to the escalating conflict resulted in the government proposing to merge ballot boxes in affected areas and to transport them to safer locations, though the opposition criticised the move as an attempt to decrease the votes of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), which polled strongly in the June 2015 general election.

Security concerns

Since late 2012, the Turkish government had conducted peace negotiations with the Kurdish separatist Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) militant organisation in order to end 40 years of ethnic conflict in the predominantly Kurdish south-east of the country. The negotiations, called the solution process led to a relative ceasefire, though critics have claimed that the ceasefire has led to the PKK becoming stronger and their atrocities have gone unnoticed in an attempt by the government to preserve the solution process.

Suruç bombing

On 20 July 2015, a suicide bombing in the Turkish-Syrian border town of Suruç perpetrated by an Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) militant led to the deaths of 32 activists from the Socialist Party of the Oppressed (ESP) youth wing. The activists were planning to cross the border to help relief efforts in the Kurdish town of Kobanî, which had been under siege by ISIL militants before being defeated by the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG). In retaliation, PKK militants killed two police officers in return for what they saw as collaboration between the Turkish government and ISIL, while ISIL militants directly engaged with Turkish military positions in the border town of Elbeyli, killing one soldier. In retaliation, the government authorised airstrikes against both PKK camps in northern Iraq and ISIL positions in Syria.

2015 PKK rebellion

The abandoning of both the solution process with the Kurdish rebels and the policy of inaction against ISIL by the Turkish government led to a resumption of violence in the south-east, with PKK militants resuming attacks on Turkish military and police positions. Over 90 military or police personnel had been killed by 6 September 2015, raising concerns about whether peaceful elections could be held in the region. The pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) co-leader Selahattin Demirtaş claimed that the conditions in the south-east were not adequate to hold peaceful elections, with party officials investigating the region having returned with negative reports. In early September, three Republican People's Party (CHP) MPs visited Van, Hakkâri and the district of Yüksekova. Their report, which contained accounts from the Governor of Hakkâri and the Kaymakam of Yüksekova, stated that the HDP-run municipalities in the region were openly recruiting militants for the PKK and consulting them before taking decisions. The report also documented cases of PKK youth wing (YDG-H) members attempting to militarise the region, smuggling to finance their operations and forcing individuals to conduct PKK propaganda.

PKK ceasefire
On 11 October 2015, the PKK announced a one-sided ceasefire in order to guarantee peaceful elections. The ceasefire was rejected by the Turkish government, which continued to conduct military operations against PKK positions.

Media censorship

Despite projections that the AKP's control over the media would decrease after losing their majority in June's elections, the government nevertheless launched controversial crackdowns on pro-opposition media outlets in the lead-up to the vote. In September, international controversy arose over the arrest of 3 Vice News journalists on terrorism charges while covering the surge in unrest in south-eastern Turkey. The members of Radio and Television Supreme Council (RTÜK), which regulates the Turkish media, failed to elect a new President due to a political deadlock, with the AKP, MHP or HDP candidate failing to win enough votes from partisan executive board members.

On 3 October, thousands of journalists as well as members from numerous journalism associations held a demonstration at Taksim Square to protest the growing censorship of the press.

Crackdown on pro-Gülen media outlets

On 1 September, police raids were conducted against 23 different companies belonging to the Koza İpek Holding, which is known for its close relations with Gülen Movement. Businessman Akın İpek was taken into custody for allegedly being a director of an armed terrorist organisation, a charge that he claimed was nothing more than slander. TV channel Kanaltürk and the newspaper Bugün were among those targeted, with Bugün having issued headlines accusing the government of funding the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) earlier that day. The raids against anti-AKP media outlets were criticised by Reporters Without Borders and several national journalists' associations. In response to the crackdown against opposition media, the pro-opposition Sözcü newspaper carried a headline on their daily edition, stating 'If Sözcü falls silent, so will Turkey.'

Nokta controversy
On 14 September 2015, a prosecutor ordered the impounding of all copies of the magazine Nokta, which had published an issue containing a photoshopped picture of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan taking a selfie in front of a soldier's funeral, on the grounds that it had 'insulted the President' and acted as 'propaganda for an armed terrorist organisation'. The magazine's lawyers argued that the impounding on the magazine without a proper court order was unlawful and stated that the country had taken yet another step back in terms of press freedom.

Attack on Ahmet Hakan
In the early hours of 1 October, Hürriyet columnist and the presenter of the political talk show Tarafsız Bölge (Neutral Area), Ahmet Hakan, was attacked by four people outside his home. He was admitted to hospital and was later taken into surgery. It was initially reported that the incident was a result of road rage with no relations to Hakan's journalism, though it later emerged that three of the four attackers were AKP members, who were later suspended from the party. Abdurrahim Boynukalın, who had previously led a mob of 200 AKP supporters to attack the Hürriyet newspaper headquarters, was initially seen as a suspect, but later released a statement denying any link to the attack. Seven people were taken into custody for the attack, with only one being arrested. One of the suspects involved claimed that the police had paid them ₺25,000 to carry out the attack, alleging that the National Intelligence Organisation (MİT), the police and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan were all aware of the plot.

Political violence

Attack on Hürriyet headquarters

On 6 September, a group of 200 AKP supporters attacked the headquarters of Doğan Media Centre, which houses the offices of the newspaper Hürriyet. The newspaper had published a news story about an interview with Erdoğan by another TV channel shortly after 16 soldiers were killed by roadside bombs in Dağlıca. Erdoğan's comments, which included a claim that the attacks would have never had happened had the AKP won 400 seats in the June 2015, caused uproar and the newspaper was accused by AKP supporters of misquoting the President. AKP MP and Youth Wing leader Abdurrahim Boynukalın led the mob against Hürriyet, drawing heavy criticism and subsequently being sent to court for inciting hatred and vandalism. Another attack by a group of 100 protestors on Hürriyet occurred on 8 September in both their İstanbul and Ankara headquarters, this time opening fire on the building. 6 people were arrested for the role in the attacks.

Attack on the HDP central office
After the Turkish military suffered heavy casualties in fights with the PKK in both Dağlıca and Iğdır, nationalist protesters staged demonstrations and many attacked HDP office branches in protest at the HDP's links with the PKK. The HDP's headquarters was also subject to an arson attack, though the ensuring fire was quickly put out. Selahattin Demirtaş announced on 9 September that 400 HDP branch offices had come under attack in the last two days and accused the AKP's leaders of trying to push the country into civil war. However, the Mayor of Cizre Leyla İmret, a member of the HDP's fraternal Democratic Regions Party (DBP), claimed that they would begin a civil war against Turkey from Cizre. Fights between HDP and nationalists resulted in both deaths and injuries, while the workplace of a former HDP candidate was set alight by protestors.

Attacks against the CHP
In addition to the HDP, the offices of CHP branch offices in Sincan and Konya came under attack, with the offices and vehicles outside them being heavily vandalised. It was alleged by the CHP that the perpetrators of the attacks in Sincan included members of the Ottoman Hearths (Osmanlı Ocakları). On 26 October, gunmen driving past the CHP headquarters in Ankara fired five rounds at the building, though no-one was killed or injured. The CHP's leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu stated that his party would not be intimidated by the attack while other parties expressed their condemnation.

During early voting, a clash took place outside the Turkish embassy in Tokyo in October 2015 between Kurds in Japan and Turks in Japan which began when the Turks assaulted the Kurds after a Kurdish party flag was shown at the embassy.

Ankara bombings

21 days before polling day on 10 October 2015, two suicide bombers targeted attendants at a peace rally taking place outside Ankara Central railway station, killing 97 people and injuring over 500 others according to some reports. It was the deadliest terrorist attack in Turkish modern history, causing waves of public protests accusing the government of implicitly supporting and not doing enough to combat organisations such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The government denied the claims and announced three days of public mourning, while the pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) blamed the governing AKP for the attack. The bombings also raised concern over how suicide bombers managed to evade security measures to detonate two bombs in the centre of the capital, with the precise location of the attack in close proximity to the National Intelligence Organisation (MİT) headquarters.

The bombing was followed by a series of gaffs by the AKP leader Ahmet Davutoğlu, who claimed after the attack that they had caught the perpetrators of previous attacks such as the Suruç bombing. This was impossible since the perpetrator at Suruç was a suicide bomber who was killed after detonating his explosives. Later, Davutoğlu claimed that they had a list of suspected suicide bombers but could not make arrests until they actually carried out an attack. Both statements were subject to commotion and ridicule on social media.

Safety and distribution of ballot boxes

In September 2015, the government allegedly began pressuring the YSK to divert voters living in villages linked to the south-eastern district of Cizre to the town centre instead, citing security concerns. Cizre had been under an 8-day curfew while armed forced carried out a security operation against PKK militants before the government requested the 'merging' of ballot boxes. Such a decision would require villagers living in rural settlements having to make their way to the town centre to cast their vote instead.

On 23 September, a decision was taken by the Cizre Electioral Council to not set up polling stations in 23 villages and one hamlet. The decision would affect 48,687 out of around 66,000 registered voters in Cizre, forcing them to vote in different neighbourhoods. The HDP objected to the decision and refuse to recognise its authority, claiming that it was an attempt to reduce the HDP vote by reducing turnout in the party's electoral strongholds. Controversy over the decision grew even more when it emerged that it had been taken by just a single member of the electoral council, with the CHP representative stating that he had not been consulted. Although the HDP renewed their opposition to the move, the CHP admitted that they would have supported the decision had they been consulted, stating that it was practically impossible to enter the affected neighbourhoods due to the unrest. However, both the CHP Supreme Electoral Council representative and the President of the YSK himself stated that the decisions had no legal basis, stating that the YSK had to be consulted before such decisions could be made. Despite the YSK's statement, a similar decision to not set up ballot boxes was taken on 28 September by the Yüksekova electoral council in Hakkari Province, requiring all ballot boxes in rural villages to be moved to the town centre. On 3 October, the YSK voted against transferring ballot boxes, drawing heavy criticism from the AKP.

On 5 September, the HDP requested that the YSK place cameras to film the vote counting procedures in 126 'high security risk' areas. Their proposal was rejected on 14 September.

See also

Electoral fraud and violence during the June 2015 Turkish general election

References

November 2015 Turkish general election


text:
| [index](../README.md) | npm-run-all | [run-s](run-s.md) | [run-p](run-p.md) | [Node API](node-api.md) |
|-----------------------|-------------|-------------------|-------------------|-------------------------|

# `npm-run-all` command

A CLI command to run given npm-scripts in parallel or sequential.

```
> npm-run-all clean lint build:*

> npm-run-all --parallel watch:*
```

## Installation

```
> npm install -g npm-run-all
```

- Requires `Node@>=0.10` and `npm@>=2`
- The `npm-run-all` package introduces 3 CLI commands: `npm-run-all`, `run-s`, and `run-p`.

## Usage

```
Usage:
    $ npm-run-all [--help | -h | --version | -v]
    $ npm-run-all [tasks] [OPTIONS]

    Run given npm-scripts in parallel or sequential.

    <tasks> : A list of npm-scripts' names and Glob-like patterns.

Options:
    -c, --continue-on-error  - Set the flag to continue executing
                               other/subsequent tasks even if a task threw an
                               error. 'npm-run-all' itself will exit with
                               non-zero code if one or more tasks threw error(s)
    -l, --print-label  - - - - Set the flag to print the task name as a prefix
                               on each line of output. Tools in tasks may stop
                               coloring their output if this option was given.
    -n, --print-name   - - - - Set the flag to print the task name before
                               running each task.
    -p, --parallel <tasks>   - Run a group of tasks in parallel.
                               e.g. 'npm-run-all -p foo bar' is similar to
                                    'npm run foo & npm run bar'.
    -r, --race   - - - - - - - Set the flag to kill all tasks when a task
                               finished with zero. This option is valid only
                               with 'parallel' option.
    -s, --sequential <tasks> - Run a group of tasks sequentially.
        --serial <tasks>       e.g. 'npm-run-all -s foo bar' is similar to
                                    'npm run foo && npm run bar'.
                               '--serial' is a synonym of '--sequential'.
    --silent   - - - - - - - - Set 'silent' to the log level of npm.

Examples:
    $ npm-run-all --serial clean lint build:**
    $ npm-run-all --parallel watch:**
    $ npm-run-all clean lint --parallel "build:** -- --watch"
    $ npm-run-all -l -p start-server start-browser start-electron
```

### npm-scripts

It's `"scripts"` field of `package.json`.
For example:

```json
{
    "scripts": {
        "clean": "rimraf dist",
        "lint":  "eslint src",
        "build": "babel src -o lib"
    }
}
```

We can run a script with `npm run` command.
On the other hand, this `npm-run-all` command runs multiple scripts in parallel or sequential.

### Run scripts sequentially

```
npm-run-all clean lint build
```

This is same as `npm run clean && npm run lint && npm run build`.

**Note:** If a script exited with non zero code, the following scripts are not run.
If `--continue-on-error` option is given, this behavior will be disabled.

### Run scripts in parallel

```
npm-run-all --parallel lint build
```

This is similar to `npm run lint & npm run build`.

**Note1:** If a script exited with a non-zero code, the other scripts and those descendant processes are killed with `SIGTERM` (On Windows, with `taskkill.exe /F /T`).
If `--continue-on-error` option is given, this behavior will be disabled.

**Note2:** `&` operator does not work on Windows' `cmd.exe`. But `npm-run-all --parallel` works fine there.

### Run a mix of sequential and parallel scripts

```
npm-run-all clean lint --parallel watch:html watch:js
```

1. First, this runs `clean` and `lint` sequentially / serially.
2. Next, runs `watch:html` and `watch:js` in parallell.

```
npm-run-all a b --parallel c d --sequential e f --parallel g h i
```
or

```
npm-run-all a b --parallel c d --serial e f --parallel g h i
```

1. First, runs `a` and `b` sequentially / serially.
2. Second, runs `c` and `d` in parallell.
3. Third, runs `e` and `f` sequentially / serially.
4. Lastly, runs `g`, `h`, and `i` in parallell.

### Glob-like pattern matching for script names

We can use [glob]-like patterns to specify npm-scripts.
The difference is one -- the separator is `:` instead of `/`.

```
> npm-run-all --parallel watch:*
```

In this case, runs sub scripts of `watch`. For example: `watch:html`, `watch:js`.
But, doesn't run sub-sub scripts. For example: `watch:js:index`.

```
> npm-run-all --parallel watch:**
```

If we use a globstar `**`, runs both sub scripts and sub-sub scripts.

`npm-run-all` reads the actual npm-script list from `package.json` in the current directory, then filters the scripts by glob-like patterns, then runs those.

### Run with arguments

We can enclose a script name or a pattern in quotes to use arguments.
The following 2 commands are similar.

```
> npm-run-all --parallel "build:* -- --watch"
> npm run build:aaa -- --watch & npm run build:bbb -- --watch
```

When we use a pattern, arguments are forwarded to every matched script.

### Argument placeholders

We can use placeholders to give the arguments preceded by `--` to scripts.

```
> npm-run-all build "start-server -- --port {1}" -- 8080
```

This is useful to pass through arguments from `npm run-script` command.

```json
{
    "scripts": {
        "start": "npm-run-all build \"start-server -- --port {1}\" --"
    }
}
```

```
> npm run start 8080

> example@0.0.0 start /path/to/package.json
> npm-run-all build "start-server -- --port {1}" -- "8080"
```

There are the following placeholders:

- `{1}`, `{2}`, ... -- An argument. `{1}` is the 1st argument. `{2}` is the 2nd.
- `{@}` -- All arguments.
- `{*}` -- All arguments as combined.

Those are similar to [Shell Parameters](http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html#Shell-Parameters). But please note arguments are enclosed by double quotes automatically (similar to npm).

### Known Limitations

- If `--print-label` option is given, some tools in scripts might stop coloring their output.
  Because some coloring library (e.g. [chalk]) will stop coloring if `process.stdout` is not a TTY.
  `npm-run-all` changes the `process.stdout` of child processes to a pipe in order to add labels to the head of each line if `--print-label` option is given.<br>
  For example, [eslint] stops coloring under `npm-run-all --print-label`. But [eslint] has `--color` option to force coloring, we can use it.

[glob]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/glob#glob-primer
[chalk]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/chalk
[eslint]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/eslint

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Failure in a dataprovider is not a test failure, it's a configuration failure. It doesn't mean there's something wrong in your code, just that your testing harness failed to initialize properly. This is why it's marked as a SKIP and not a FAIL.
First of all, welcome to my site and thank you for sharing your point of view.
Of course I agree with you that a failure in a dataprovider and a failure in my code (detected by a failing test) isn't the same. But as you said: a failure in a dataprovider is a configuration *failure*. And a tester want to know about occuring failures. A SKIP doesn't satisfy that fact.
Furthermore I can skip tests by myself – and that's not an occuring configuration failure (well, most of the time ;-)). So how should I decide that a SKIP is wanted (= 'manually' skipped) or an outcome of an error in my dataprovider?
You can see that init (a @BeforeClass) is marked as a failure while the other methods (all @Test) are marked as skipped.
Well, at first I couldn't reproduce your example. I build a "broken" DataProvider which simply throws a NullPointerException and a test with an empty init-method (annotated with @BeforeClass). No fail.
Then I called the DataProvider directly in the init-method – which leads me to the same result you show in the attached image. But writing an init-method which isn't needed for the test setting and calling the DataProvider without the need of receiving the testdata isn't really a 'clean' solution for me. Maybe I misunderstood your suggestion?
This is still present in the current TestNG version (6.8.5).
Failures in data providers are reported as test skips and nothing different (i.e. not as a configuration failure).
Sorry Cedric, but that is a very crappy behavior of TestNG.
This why JUnit has the disctinction between failure und error.
Fail fast behavior is better than "skip fast" in the area of testing because it makes problems more transparent and faster to notice and understand.
Would it be possible to configure a project (with an extra target perhaps?) to run all @DataProvider annotated functions inside a big looping test? perhaps a @Test function that (like this solution https://stackoverflow.com/questions/862106/how-to-find-annotated-methods-in-a-given-package) iterated over all the methods that are @DataProver-annotated and invokes them one by one?
Here's my solution, based on the stack overflow post I linked above.
* Created by farjoun on 9/19/17.
* to the given package and subpackages.


Working with architects Knox Bhavan, we have been winners of the Wood Awards in 2009 and 2010 and we were shortlisted for the two projects in 2013.
Winner: Kitchen and Study at Carson Road, you can view the project here.
Shortlisted: Media unit at Crowbrook.
Shortlisted: Kitchen at Rigg Beck. Project listed here.


It was rainy. It was cold. It was great fun.
Dayton Hamvention is something you must experience to understand.
It's more than just the world's biggest Ham Radio flea market. It's more than the world's top experts reporting on the newest developments during the forums. It's more than secondary conferences like Four Days In May for the QRP guys and the D-Star Friday morning conference. It's more than new releases by some of our top manufacturer's of equipment (think Flex 6300).
It's more than bad food and great beer and good fellowship.
It's all that and more. Every year is different (Did I mention the rain and cold?) and every year is terrific.
I'll be posting more on my experiences over the next few days.
Thanks to an article in the National Contest Journal where author Mike, VE3GFN (Good For Nothing but a pretty good contester especially on CW) interviewed me on being a QRP contester I've been getting quite a few emails asking my opinion on QRP, contesting and, of course, the viability of the FlexRadio SDR as a contesting radio.
First let me say if you're planning on running five watts QRP as a contester you need a five-watt contesting radio.
That means most of the kits you can buy for under $200 won't cut it in the contesting world. On the other hand you won't want to carry let alone power a standard big box contest rig out to some field or remote location regardless of power out. So most "trail" radios are out with the exception of the amazing Elecraft KX3 which is on my wish list.
The first requirement of a contesting rig is ease of operating. You don't want to be swapping out cables or soldering connectors on old coax at 2 am. What you want here is absolutely no surprises.
The second requirement is a brick wall front end on the receiver. Yes you can contest with an IC-703 (or a 756 like my old rig) but 48 hours of SSB splatter in your ears will convince you that there has to be a better rig out there for contesting.
There is a reason why you can buy 100-watt rig for $1,000 or $10,000. Most of the difference in price is in the receiver.
Third requirement is to remember the best contesting rig you've got is the one in front of you. While a K3 is a really excellent contesting rigs, the base price is the price you'll pay after you've added filters, panoramic displays, auto tuners, amps and more can end up over $5000.
Suddenly our used IC-703 at $400 looks pretty good as does the Flex 1500 at $600 (with all filters built in). What you want to do is pick your contests. A QRP on 10 meters when there's a substantial opening is a killer. I worked a guy the other day contesting on 10 running five watts mobile!
So would I recommend a FlexRadio for contesting?
The answer right now is no.
Also the ergonomics associated with which window is active on the computer screen and how a 2 am slip of the mouse can create untold problems with sudden unexpected frequency change (caused by typing in the logging program window with a mouse that's still pointing to the SDR window) will be too much trouble for most contesters.
Having said that a $600 Flex 1500 alone or with a $1,000 five-hundred watt amp will outperform just about any rig ever made IMHO. While this might attract some rabid comments (and has in the past), I find the Flex audio to be much much more listenable over a 48-hour contest than any big box rig I've ever used.
I'm still working on my FlexKnob lagging when tuning on the Flex 3000 and not on the Flex 1500 (seems the SDR tuning window is getting commands after the knob stops rotating). I've bought a new FireWire cable and card. I've vaporized ports and changed the aggressiveness of the devices to no effect. (Turning on spur reduction eliminates the issue which makes me suspect a software issue Flex!) It's a work in progress.
Also maybe it's just me but I work more guys on my FlexRadios because the transmitter note or sound stands out in a crowd. There's no other way to explain how easily I can bust big pileups with the 3000 and even the 1500 at five watts.
Yes, yes I drank the FlexRadio Cool-Aid but honestly these are wonderful rigs and even best of all can be run sitting on the floor invisible in our home office setup.
All you need on your desk is the monitor, a keyboard and a mouse. I keep a set of CW paddles just to make a style statement and a glowing Drake 2B in perfect condition to keep my hands warm during our Canadian winters.
One of the top RTTY contests is taking place on January 4-5 (1800 UTC Saturday and ends 2400 UTC Sunday). This is the 2014 ARRL RTTY Roundup.
RTTY is one of my favourite modes. It's about as efficient as CW so QRP or low power (100 watt) stations can be very effective if conditions cooperate (which has been a big problem this year with some contests experiencing the best conditions in decades and others being a total washout).
To get on RTTY is very easy these days. Both the top contesting software programs (Writelog and N1MM) offer RTTY engines that work within the program with very little setup.
AA5AU, is Mr. RTTY and you'll hear him running in this contest. Don has a ton of information on his excellent website and has a terrific "Getting Started on RTTY" tutorial.
If you follow Don's information you can set up your logging program memories to run the entire contest with the push of a button. RTTY unlike CW is a mode anyone can start running (calling CQ) which can be way more fun than search and pounce after a few hours in the chair.
BTW RTTY with a FlexRadio is amazing with the integration of SDR software, Writelog (using MMTTY) or N1MM (using 2Tone) and two monitor screens.
I intend on being on for this one.
Just worked VU2NKS at 10:45am local on 21.088 with me running 5 watts RTTY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Looks good for the contest!


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17 October, 2020 - 13:44 Ed Whelan
Scientists Warn That What Killed Past Human Species Could End Us Too
One of the greatest mysteries in science is why there is only one species of humans in the world today. In the past, there were several and they often co-existed for considerable periods. These past...
Read more about Scientists Warn That What Killed Past Human Species Could End Us Too
23 May, 2020 - 01:40 Katya Smith
How Ancient Fossil DNA Reveals the Secrets of Our Human Origins
When the human genome was first discovered, it revealed some amazing genetic secrets – modern humans are way more complicated than we originally thought. During a long evolution , humankind picked up...
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14 May, 2020 - 15:59 ashley cowie
400 Prehistoric Footprints Reveal Clues to Our Ancestors
Scientists reveal a volume of new data about the group of hunter-gatherers who left their prehistoric footprints in mud. In the shadow of the Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano in Tanzania , the Engare Sero...
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31 March, 2020 - 02:01 ashley cowie
80,000 Years Ago Neanderthals Supercharged Their Brains On Acid
Scientists have determined Neanderthals had a fish and seafood diet as early as 80,000 years ago and benefited from the raised cognitive powers that up to now have only been attributed to Homo...
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Atapuerca Hominids Grew Much Quicker Than Modern Humans
Scientists have proven that tooth enamel developed much quicker in 'other' hominids groups. Fossilized bones and teeth tell scientists when organisms lived, and morphological differences provide...
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27 February, 2020 - 18:29 ashley cowie
Scientists Study 3.5-Million-Year-Old Origins of Unique Human Spring
Scientists have proven the arch running across the top of the human foot evolved in a 3.5-million-year old human ancestor, enabling us to walk and run upright unlike all other primates. Sports...
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19 October, 2018 - 23:02 Caleb Strom
Pleistocene Epoch: Humans, Welcome to Earth
The Pleistocene epoch is a geologic epoch which began around 2.6 Mya (Million years ago) and came to an end around 11,700 BP (Before Present). It is characterized by lower sea levels than the present...
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12 January, 2018 - 19:12 ancient-origins
The Origin of 'Us': What We Know So Far About Where We Humans Come From
The question of where we humans come from is one many people ask, and the answer is getting more complicated as new evidence is emerging all the time. For most of recorded history humankind has been...
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10 May, 2017 - 23:02 Theodoros Karasavvas
New Stash of Mysterious Homo Naledi Bones Shows They Coexisted with Homo Sapiens
A significant amount of ancient human remains has been found in a very important cave site in South Africa. Scientists now suggest that Homo naledi was alive between 236,000 and 335,000 years ago, a...
Read more about New Stash of Mysterious Homo Naledi Bones Shows They Coexisted with Homo Sapiens
25 April, 2017 - 22:55 Mark Miller
Pre-human Species with Orange-Sized Brains May Have Used Teamwork and Buried Their Dead
Which came first in pre-human species' communication and teamwork—larger brains or the folds and ridges of the brain that fostered language and empathy? Some scientists studying a possible human...
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5 January, 2017 - 21:49 Mark Miller
Researchers Want to Get the Dirt on How Much Neanderthals and Modern Humans had Sex
Would you have sex with a Homo sapiens neanderthalensis if they hadn't gone extinct? Your ancestors may have. Scientists are testing cave dirt for the presence of Neanderthal DNA from disintegrated...
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7 July, 2016 - 14:47 Mark Miller
Neanderthal Group Cannibalized their Dead and Used Human Bones as Tools
Evidence shows Neanderthals were killing each other and eating the remains about 40,000 years ago in a cave in Belgium, new research shows. They apparently extracted marrow from the bones and used...
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10 June, 2016 - 00:50 Mark Miller
Second Group of Tinier than Hobbit Hominins Found on Flores Island
Researchers announced today that in 2014 they found remains of a second group of even tinier archaic humans dating back at least 500,000 years before the "Hobbits" of Flores Island near Indonesia...
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12 February, 2016 - 21:52 Mark Miller
Study Casts New Light on Diseases We Inherited from Neanderthals
Feeling depressed? Can't kick the tobacco habit? Sun causing skin lesions? Allergies bothering you? Some people of today may blame their Neanderthal ancestry in part for some of these health problems...
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14 January, 2016 - 21:45 Mark Miller
Sulawesi Discoveries: Earliest Human Occupation Pushed Back 60,000 Years and Some of the Oldest Cave Paintings in the World
New research on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi shows the possible presence of an archaic species of hominins there dating back more than 100,000 years—at least 60,000 years earlier than the island...
Read more about Sulawesi Discoveries: Earliest Human Occupation Pushed Back 60,000 Years and Some of the Oldest Cave Paintings in the World
Improving Our First Line of Defense: Neanderthal Genes
Our close cousins the Neanderthal and Denosivan people interbred with Homo sapiens and gave us genes that help us fight off infections, according to two new studies coming out this month...
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How Rollo the Viking Conqueror Settled in Normandy
11 of the Most Ancient and Continually Occupied Cities in the World
Surprising Stone Age Knowledge Revealed on a Mammoth Bone Bracelet
Bombshell Study Calls Astronomical Theories of the Nebra Sky Disk "Obsolete"
You've probably heard of a Minotaur (half-man, half-bull), but what about a Quinotaur? In early Frankish history, there was a "beast of Neptune," which was said to look like a creature called a Quinotaur.
The Disturbing True Story of the Pied Piper of Hamelin


This week instead of writing the usual blog about some work we have been doing directly for a client, I thought I would write about something else that we have been working on in Virtual Head Office, which has been quite a labour of love for me. I've just finished writing my first eBook which is due to go live on Amazon on Monday 23rd November. It's not the novel I've always had ambitions of writing one day, but something much more closely related to Virtual Head Office, and close to my heart. The book is about networking events, how to prepare for them, how to get the most from them when you're there and how to follow up afterwards.
Ever since we started our Office Drinks networking events back in 2010 I've answered all kinds of questions and imparted various pieces of advice to new networkers, many of them slightly nervous about attending networking events. These questions and tips I've put in to a book for anyone to download on Amazon. My main motivation for writing the ebook is to make people aware that networking is actually not that difficult if you break it down in to different steps, and as much as I want to show people how to do it, I also want to give people the confidence to go out there and actually do it.
This week, I have been in the final stages of getting everything formatted and prepared, ready to go live on Monday. I'm happy and excited as well as nervous and apprehensive of what sort of reaction I will get when the book is actually launched as no doubt there will be rough with the smooth along the way.
Either way, I know that on Monday an ambition that I have had since I was a little girl is about to be fulfilled and I couldn't be happier about it.
We've fairly recently started working with a new business, who are using our pay as you go telephone answering service. The company are brand new having just started trading at the beginning of the month. The three owners of the business are all employed full time currently and are looking to build up the new company to a certain level of turnover before they actually go full time in the business.
Initially this business team are going to work during the evenings and weekends, perhaps taking the occasional day off from their day jobs as they want to retain the income that they currently have.
They wanted to have the appearance to the outside world of being open for business throughout the working week and wanted to look at the most cost effective option. Using pay as you go telephone answering they will only pay for the calls they use, so for them as a start up it allows quite a lot of flexibility. The majority of start up businesses that we work with don't have huge volumes of calls in the first instance, they tend to build up gradually over time. Working on a pay as you go basis means that they don't pay for large bundles of calls that they don't yet need.
Their calls are answered by our team here, who are handling the callers enquiries, taking messages which are then sent on via email and they call back at their convenience, this allows then to carry on without interruption to their day jobs, as they can just check their messages when they are on breaks. So far we've only answered a couple of calls for them, but it's nice to be able to share in the excitement of our client when they get their first business enquiries come through.
When you're running a business there's one thing that you never have enough of – time. Improving your time management skills will have a significant impact on your productivity, your work life balance and the performance of your business.
Successful people have effective time management strategies to help them achieve their goals. Here is a list of 10 time management techniques that will help you to get the most from your day.
Take time to plan every day. Half an hour sitting planning your day is time well spent. Have a clear idea of what you want to achieve not just by the end of each day, but also an objective for each call you make. This will help you to stay on track and to focus and motivate you throughout the day.
When you plan your day make sure you batch similar tasks together. For example, check your emails and respond to them at certain times throughout the day and deal with them all at once. Don't respond to emails and calls when they come in. Plan your day to deal with them all together. You will rattle through tasks a lot quicker as you are in the mindset for fulfilling that particular task and won't need to flit between activities.
Have a default diary. Every week you should have a diary of dealing with certain tasks at particular times. This can always be referred to when planning out your day and ensures that no tasks throughout the week or month get missed. If planned correctly this also means that if tasks are in your diary you can forget about them until they come up in your diary freeing up your mind to concentrate on the matter in hand.
Use the Pomodoro Technique. If you're not familiar with it, the Pomodoro technique is a technique whereby you set a timer for a certain period of time, say 25 minutes and in that amount of time you do nothing but concentrate on the task in hand and do not accept any interruptions. At the end of the allotted time you can have a short break for say 5 minutes where you could grab a drink, a healthy snack or maybe check your social media, and then get back in to the next batch of time. There are a number of free online timers that you can use to help with this.
Always tackle the most important task of the day first. There is a finite amount of decisions anyone can make in one day, so as the day wears on it becomes increasingly more tiring and therefore harder to make decisions. Fulfilling your most important tasks of the day first will not only sure you are performing at your best when you carry out those tasks, but also that when you have completed the most important task of the day this will boost you confidence for the rest of the day.
Don't multitask. Multitasking simply means that you are not giving your full attention to any one task. In reality people who multi task don't perform either task as well and take longer to do it. Focus on one task and see it through to completion before moving on to the next task.
Always work to goals. Have clear goals for where you are going, both in the long and short term, which will be broken down to specific goals for each individual day. There should not be anything on your list at all which is not in some way goal related.
Reduce meetings. Make sure that you are not participating in any meetings that are unnecessary as they are extremely time consuming, both in terms of the meeting itself and travel time. If a half hour telephone conversation could achieve what you would achieve in an hour long meeting which you needed to travel half an hour each way to attend then it's a no brainer. If your meeting is essential then go with a clear plan of the objectives you need to achieve, keep it precise and ensure you stick to your time plan.
It's common for entrepreneurs to want to do everything themselves, but the sooner you realise that it's simply more efficient to get someone else to do it the better and the quicker you can get on with driving your businesss forward and delegating or outsourcing all the non-core areas of your business. You will soon see the difference in the amount you are actually achieving as well as the liberating feeling of being able to concentrate on what you are good at any what you enjoy while others deal with everything else.
Wherever you can automate. Have automated emails prepared for handling particular enquiries, automate your invoicing, your social media and plenty of other things besides. It may take you a little while to set up automating your tasks but once they are set up you will reap the rewards. It is the fastest, most efficient and cheapest way to get anything done. (Read an example here of a client who is using automation to speed up his enquiry process).
I hope that these time management tips have proved useful to you. Implementing even some, if not all of these will make a huge difference to your productivity.
Do you have any further tips to share on how to be more productive or to improve your time management skills? If so we would love to hear so please do feel free to comment and as always if you know anyone who you feel would benefit from this then please do feel free to share with them or on social media.


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The refund of the amount paid in Italy as a Value added tax (VAT) on the purchased goods by the citizens having their domicile outside the EU.
What does "Tax Free" mean?
Tax Free means refund of the amount paid as a Value added tax (VAT) on the purchased goods by the citizens having their domicile outside the EU. The goods must be purchased in such shops, that show the DUTY FREE sticker (see the symbol here) and that are able to carry out the electronic procedure (in Italy O.T.E.L.L.O.) for the refund of the VAT paid.
O.T.E.L.L.O. (Online Tax Refund at Exit: Light Lane Optimization) is a simplification initiative implemented by the Italian Customs and Monopoly Agency to the benefit of foreign visitors and enables the digitalization of the procedure to obtain the "customs stamp" on the invoice, in order to be entitled to the refund of the VAT due on the goods purchased on the Italian national territory by individuals residing or having their domicile outside the EU.
VAT refund is granted in Italy provided that:
the value of purchased goods, (for each invoice) exceeds 154,94 euros (VAT included);
the goods are packed in their original packaging and have not been used;
the goods are intended for personal or family use and are carried in the personal luggage;
the purchase is certified by an invoice containing the description of the goods, the personal data of the traveler, the details of his/her passport or of any equivalent document proving that the traveler is resident or domiciled outside the EU;
the goods leave the EU territory within three months following the date of issue of the invoice proved by the customs stamp.
Which is the procedure?
Since 1 September 2018, the Tax Free procedure in Italy requires that invoices must be electronically issued and their validation is carried out using O.T.E.L.L.O. information system.
Thus, when purchasing goods at an Italian Shop, the traveler must show his passport, whose information must be correctly reported in the invoice. O.T.E.L.L.O. will generate a Tax Free request code, that has to be displayed on the invoice copy given to the traveler.
What should the traveler consider when leaving?
The exit customs must confirm the export of goods. This you can do only at the last point at which you will leave the EU. Usually this is done at the airport or at the border, for example, Germany – Switzerland or France-US. You have to show the purchased goods, the invoice reporting the O.T.E.L.L.O. code and your passport or ID card to the competent customs office. The customs stamps the invoice confirming the export of the goods and notifies the Italian authorities electronically that the goods have been exported in Tax Free mode.
To check that the procedure has been successful, we ask you to send us (please email it to marco.vitale@mad4one.com) a PDF or a picture, even taken with your mobile, of the invoice stamped by the customs authorities of the EU exit customs.
What does the Italian seller (in our case, us)?
We check in O.T.E.L.L.O. the status of the invoice. As soon as we receive the VAT refund authorization we proceed with the refund according to the terms agreed with the buyer at the time of purchase of the goods (e.g. bank transfer or PayPal refund). The traveler will be refunded the total amount of VAT paid, deducting the costs arising from the refund (e.g. Paypal fees on the VAT paid that we are charged).
Who will refund VAT?
VAT refund is never carried out by the customs offices. The refund is made directly by the Italian seller according to the terms agreed with the buyer when the goods were purchased.
What will Brexit change for tax free shopping?
The only change is that Tax Free Shopping can also be offered to residents of the United Kingdom.
The procedure for getting a refund is the same as for all other Non-EU travelers.
What is the VAT on goods in Italy?
In Italy the standard VAT rate is 22%.
What are the EU countries?
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden.
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Q: Proof that the last non-zero digit to the right of the decimal point in a non whole number float is always 5? Is it true that the last non-zero digit to the right of the decimal point in a non whole number float is always 5?  Can/has someone prove[ed] this formally?  Also, how many 0s in a row to the right of the decimal point are needed to conclude that there are no more non-zero digits farther to the right--I have seen #s such as 1.23450678500000 (an example, probably not a real float), so I know it is at least two.

A:
Is it true that the last non-zero digit to the right of the decimal point in a non whole number float is always 5?

In a binary floating-point format, if a number is not an integer, the last non-zero digit of its decimal numeral is 5.
Generally, a floating-point format represents numbers as some integer M multiplied by power e of a fixed-base b: M•be, with various limits on M and e. If b is two, we call this a binary format. Binary floating-point formats are currently the most common. Some platforms provide decimal formats, where b is 10. Other bases are mathematically possible but rarely used, although 16 was somewhat used in the past.
To see the last digit is 5, consider the form M•be. The only way this can be a non-integer is for e to be negative. If M is even, we can reduce the form to (M/2)•be−1, and, if M/2 is also even, we can reduce further and continue reducing until we have an odd integer multiplied by a negative power of 2. This is equivalent to dividing by a positive power of 2. Then we can see that the last digit is 5:

*

*If we are dividing by 21, the number is .5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and so on.

*If we are dividing by 22, the number is half of one of those, so it is .25, .75, 1.25, 1.75, and so on.

*If we are dividing by any greater power of 2, we are always dividing some number that ends in 5 by 2, and that means we carry the ½ fraction from the position where the 5 is to the next position, producing half of 10 there, and half of 10 is 5.

Alternately, we can see that multiplying a numeral by 2, even repeatedly, can never make a digit position 0 unless it is 0 or 5. Multiplying 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, or 9, will produce 2, 4, 6, 8, 2, 4, 6, and 8, respectively, and multiplying those by 2 produces a digit from the same set. So, if a non-integer multiplied by a power of 2 produces an integer, its last non-zero digit must be 5.

Also, how many 0s in a row to the right of the decimal point are needed to conclude that there are no more non-zero digits farther to the right…

This depends on the specific floating-point format. A high-precision format can represent numbers that are very close to some number .xxxx500 but not equal to it. For any given floating-point format, there must be some limit to the number of zeros there can be before a non-zero digit, but it may require some work to figure it out. If you have concerns about finding the number of digits required to represent a floating-point number accurately, there are other ways to approach it.

A: Regarding the 2nd question (narrated):
>>> v
1.5000005
# OK
>>> print("%f") % (v)
1.500001
**# Maybe not...**

>>> print("%.15f") % (v)
1.500000500000000
**# Ends in 5, so OK now, right?  No! It should've rounded to even.  Huh?**

>>> print("%.16f") % (v)
1.5000005000000001
**# "16 decimal digits is accuracy", I learned in school**

>>> print("%.31f") % (v)
1.5000005000000000698889834893635
**#NOT SO FAST; but now I found the real value since it ends in 5--see, "I'm smart, and I want respect" (Fraedo)**

>>> print("%.2000f") % (v)
1.50000050000000006988898348936345428228378295898437500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
**# I should have listened to mom, and been a Mail Man! (are there yet more lurking non-zero digits???)**

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Condor were engaged by F M Conway to rectify a failed bank to the site boundary embankment. An interesting challenge, where an area 200m long of previously stabilised Bank covered by a stone facing had failed. Upon commencing the work and attempting to drill through the existing facing it transpired that the area had been previously had mechanical anchors installed that were failing and also obstructing the bank thereby obstructing the locations for the designed solution.
1. Reduced soil nail capacity: Soil nail capacity is derived from the strength of the bar, the strength of the soil:grout interface, and the bearing capacity of the soil nail head. The lowest of these is the weak link in the whole system. The soil nails were originally designed for a nail head capacity based on face plates bearing directly on to stone-filled wire baskets. Given that we had to remove the stone-filled baskets, the nail plates will now be bearing directly on clay. There was therefore a reduction in the bearing capacity of the soil nail head and this reduced the overall capacity of the entire soil nail. Therefore more nails were needed to provide the same restraint as previously assumed.
2. Reduced ground resistance: The clay subsoil was previously buried behind the stone baskets, thus preventing exposure to the atmosphere and subsequent softening. Now, the clay would be directly exposed to the atmosphere and rainfall, this will lead over time to a reduction in the effective strength of the clay. Therefore, the resistance available from the ground had reduced, requiring more work from the soil nail reinforcement.
3. Reduced slope support: The stone-filled baskets were previously providing some support to the ground and this was assumed to continue for the purpose of the design. Once these had been removed, there was a loss of this support.
Therefore a quick solution had to be found as the bank was continuing to slip. As a result the stone facing would have to be removed in stages in its entirety. The removal of the stone facing effectively weakened the strength of the original soil nails that were to be installed and therefore additional nails were required to counter this as referred to above. The result was 305 more anchors were required and the meterage increased by 20%. The removal of the stone had to be carefully managed as without stage removal there would be a huge safety risk for the stability of the Bank particularly as the work would cross over a shutdown during the Christmas period.
The nails were installed using our TEI 550 Drill Rig from a 22 tonne excavator and bars were added using our own Skyjack TK46 mobile boom.