What are the effects of conflict exposure on civilian attitudes? This project explores how the attitudes of Baghdad citizens who were exposed to intense level of insurgent violence during the construction of the Sadr security wall differed from fellow citizens who were largely insulted from such violence.
This project evaluates the Government of the Philippines' flagship development program targeting conflict-affected areas (PAMANA) and is funded by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The team will help develop a research design to evaluate whether the program spurred economic activity, shaped civilian perceptions of government legitimacy, and reduced conflict-related violence. This will involve drafting civilian and elite surveys, conducting qualitative case studies, and analyzing newly released data on violent incidents. The findings of this study will be used by the UNDP and the Philippine Government to shape the future of their efforts to reduce conflict across the country.
This research project seeks to assess the effects of suspected drone strikes on different insurgency outcomes -- from the types of targets and weaponry militants employ to the flow of information to counterinsurgent forces.
Much political science research is based on the use of datasets of violent conflict constructed from news reports. Using detailed data from the recent Iraq and Afghanistan wars, this project explore sources of bias in media reporting within conflict zones and their effects on conflict event datasets.
Academic research and leading policymakers suggest that extending development services to areas experiencing conflict can help improve government legitimacy and de-escalate conflict. In practice, the remoteness and perceived danger of government development agencies operating in insurgent-affected areas leaves local civilian leadership unaware of these programs and unable to access their benefits. To address these shortfalls, we take advantage of the convening power of state security forces to bring together local village leaders and civilian line agencies in monthly meetings that facilitate information-flow and improve accountability. We test the effects of this program by rolling out a randomized field experiment across the Bicol region of the Philippines, where a low-intensity insurgency has impacted rural areas since the late 1960s. The intervention is set to begin in March, 2019. Lab members will draft the surveys used to test the effects of the intervention.
How significant is the threat of terrorism within the United States? This project explores the likelihood of large-scale terrorist attacks and the implications for policy. Specifically, the project focuses the strategic behaviors of contemporary terrorist organizations when they experience increases in their material capabilities relative to state challengers.
How do armies learn? One challenge for armies facing insurgents is how to adapt their organization, doctrine, and equipment to guerrilla war. This project explores learning by doing during counterinsurgency and has direct implications for policy decisions on the duration of combat deployments.
Unlike wars of earlier generations, the economic, political, and social contexts of many modern conflicts are being documented in painstaking detail. Whether collecting satellite imagery, mining social media, or georeferencing individual wartime attacks, various parties are amassing datasets of remarkable spatial and temporal precision. This project explores how data are being used to test old assumptions of what leads to victory, defeat, or stalemate.
As the number of forcibly displaced individuals around the world continues to reach record highs, understanding how their presence affects conflict is a major outstanding academic and policy question. Using new geo-coded data on refugee locations and civil conflict sites at the subnational level from 1989 to 2008, this project focuses on the effects of refugees on the likelihood of civil conflict where they settle.
Much recent research focuses on the effects of extreme weather events on the likelihood of conflict onset. This project explores the effects of such events on conflict outcomes in areas already experiencing conflict.
This project analyzes newly released "tips" e-mails received by the U.S. government from civilian informants during the first year of the Iraq invasion in 2003. The records offer a rare, unfiltered look into the shadowy world of human intelligence collection and help piece together the historical record of America's knowledge of and response to the growing insurgency in Iraq at the time.
This project explores the relationship between wartime informing by civilians and the production of violence by insurgents, with particular focus on way in which information and communication technologies affect this relationship. The project draws on several newly released datasets on civilian informing during the recent Iraq War independently released by the U.S. and British governments.


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Tonja Rose Releases New Music Video, "I'm Not Who I Used To Be"
September 30, 2019	MansionEnt
Bluegrass GospelBluegrass MusicMusic VideoSouthern Gospel
Tonja Rose has released a new music video in correlation to her new radio single, "I'm Not Who I Used To Be". Luke Price Studios directed and produced the video which features John Williams in the story line (the uncle of co-writer Erin Ashleigh) portraying the journey of his own life story. At the time……
The Frosts Release New Video, "Love You Just the Same"
July 17, 2017	MansionEnt
Music VideoRadio Release
The Frosts (formerly The Michael Frost Trio) are excited to announce the release of their very first concept music video, "Love You Just the Same," also a forthcoming radio single. The video made its debut on social media outlets on July 5, and will be featured on an upcoming episode of "Gospel Music Today" with……
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Suit by the National Hat-Pouncing Machine Company against Charles M. Hedden and others to restrain the alleged infringement of two patents. A preliminary injunction was refused by the circuit court, (29 Fed. Rep. 147 ,) and subsequently a decree was rendered for plaintiff as to one patent and for defendant as to the other, (36 Fed. Rep. 317,) from which plaintiff appeals. Decree affirmed.
This was a bill in equity to recover damages for the infringement of two letters-patent for improvements in machines for pouncing hats, viz.: patent No. 97,178, issued November 23, 1869, to Rudolph Eickemeyer, and patent No. 220,889, issued October 21, 1879, to Edmund B. Taylor.
'The object of my invention is to dispense with feed rolls and hat blocks in machines for pouncing hats, to make the cutting or pouncing cylinder self feeding, to enable the operator to control the speed and direction in which the hats to be pounced pass over the cutting or pouncing surface by the hand with the assistance of a guard and presser pin, and to cause the material to be pounced to move in the same direction as the surface of the self-feeding cutter in contact with it, thereby avoiding the injurious strain to which it is subjected in ordinary hatpouncing machines with feed rolls or their equivalents.
'With my machine, not only can hats be pounced without any stretching or straining of the material to be pounced, but hats of different styles can be pounced, or different parts of the same hats can be pounced more or less, as may be desired, without any change in the adjustment of the machine. ... [148 U.S. 482, 483] 'My machine consists of a table or supporting frame, X, which carries the bearings, F, for the shaft, upon which is fixed the driving pulley, E, and the self-feeding pouncing cylinder, A, which can be revolved at any desirable speed. This self-feeding cylinder is covered with the pouncing or cutting material.
'The mode of operating my machine is as follows: The hat to be pounced is placed over the supporting block, and pressed against the self- feeding pouncing cylinder by means of the treadle operating the swinging bracket. The self-feeding pouncing cylinder, revolving at great speed, draws the hat through the space between the supporting block and the self- feeding pouncing cylinder. The hand of the operator, assisted when necessary, by the presser pin, L, retards the hat in its passage, and controls its direction, by which means the pouncing surface can be caused to move over the material to be pounced at any rate of speed or in any direction that may be desired.
Upon a hearing upon pleadings and proofs in the circuit court the court found in favor of the plaintiff upon the second claim of the Eickemeyer patent, but also found the fifth claim of the Taylor patent to be invalid for want of novelty, and dismissed the bill as to this patent. 36 Fed. Rep. 317. Defendants did not appeal from the decree against them as to the Eickemeyer patent, but plaintiff appealed from so much of the decree as related to the patent to Taylor.
Eugene Treadwell and W. W. Swan, for appellant.
The fifth claim of the Taylor patent was held to be invalid by the court below upon the ground that it was anticipated by the second claim of the Eickemeyer patent.
The operation of cutting or grinding off the rough surface of the wool or fur of which the hat is made by the use of pumice is termed 'pouncing.' This was formerly done by pumice or sandpaper held in the hand, and applied to the frame of the hat, laid upon a flat surface, and to the crown, fitted over a hat block of corresponding shape. In time mechanical devices began to be employed for the same purpose. Originally this mechanism consisted simply of a block over which the hat body was stretched, and to which a rotary motion was imparted, while the pouncing material was held in the hand, and applied to the surface of the hat. The patent to Wheeler & Manley of August 14, 1866, contained an improvement upon this, and consisted in pouncing the hat body by means of an emery cylinder or other pouncing surface moving at a high speed in contact with or against a hat body revolving at a comparatively low speed. This machine, however, consisted of two separate devices, one for pouncing the crown of the hat, and the other for pouncing the brim. The patent to Nougaret of September 18, 1866, also provided for two separate devices,-one to pounce the crown and the other the brim. Like the Wheeler & Manley crown machine, the Nougaret device for pouncing the crown contained a revolving hat block for carrying the hat, but the subordinate devices for bringing the different parts of the hat block in contact with the pouncing roller differed somewhat in the two machines. The patent to Labiaux of March 26, 1867, was simply for an improvement in the crown machine of Nougaret, and consisted in the manner of hanging and operating the shafts upon which the pouncing roller and block were secured, and in the manner of securing and holding the sandpaper to the pouncing roller, and in some other minor particulars.
'(2) The arrangement and combination of a rotating pouncing cylinder with a vertical supporting horn, substantially as described, whereby the supporting horn may be used to support the tip, side crown, or brim during the operation of pouncing the hat.
'(5) The combination of the support for the hat and the self-feeding pouncing cylinder, substantially as described.
It does not clearly appear why the claim was allowed in this form, since it seems to be open to the same objections that had been previously made to it, when presented in slightly different language.
These proceedings in the patent office are set forth in detail for the purpose of showing the exact particulars which were then, and are now, claimed to distinguish the Taylor patent from the Eickemeyer patent of 1869. These are: (1) The omission of the feed roll of the Eickemeyer patent; (2) the self-feeding characteristic of the pouncing cylinder. An examination of the two devices shows that they are practically the same, except that in the Taylor patent the feeding roll of the Eickemeyer machine is omitted, and a guard and presser pin substituted. The fifth claim of the Eickemeyer patent of 1869, and the second claim of the Taylor patent, are also for the same elements, namely, a pouncing cylinder, called 'rotating' by Eickemeyer and 'self-feeding' by Taylor, and a support for the hat block, termed a 'vertical supporting horn' by Eickemeyer, though the operation of these elements is differently described in the two claims. In the Eickemeyer claim it is said that 'the supporting horn may be used to support the tip, side crown, or brim during the operation of pouncing the hat,' and in the Taylor claim that 'the hat is drawn over the support, B, in the direction of the motion of the pouncing cylinder.' It is insisted, however, that the feed roll, though omitted in the second claim of the Eickemeyer patent, is contained in the third, and, being an essential element of his device, should be read into the second claim as if it had been actually incorporated in it. If it were true that the feed roll were necessary to the operation of the combination of the second claim, this result would undoubtedly [148 U.S. 482, 489] follow; in other words, if a person has invented a combination of three elements, all of which are necessary to the operation of his device, he cannot, by making a claim for two of them, forestall another, who has so combined these two elements that they perform the same function that the three elements of the former patent performed.
On examination of Eickemeyer's device, however, it is difficult to see wherein the feed roll is so far essential to the operation of the machine that it would not perform practically the same function as the Taylor patent if the feed roll were omitted. There would still be left a support for the hat by and upon which it could be held up to the pouncing cylinder. The feeding of the hat, instead of being accomplished or assisted by the feed roll, would be done entirely by hand, as contemplated in the Taylor patent. Indeed, all the significance of the word 'self- feeding' in this connection appears to be that, when the hat is pressed against the pouncing cylinder, it has a tendency to feed in the direction in which the cylinder revolves, and it is difficult to see why in either machine the hat may not be fed in the opposite direction.
In the Eickemeyer machine it was fed in the opposite direction by the aid of the feeding roll, and the same thing, it would seem, may be done, by the application of a little more force, in the Taylor patent.
The case then really resolves itself into the question whether the omission of the feed roll involves invention, and, in view of the fact that the hat support and pouncing cylinder of the Eickemeyer patent will accomplish practically the same functions as the Taylor device, though not so perfectly, we hold it does not; in other words, it required no invention to omit the feed roll of the Eickemeyer patent, and to make the subsidiary changes necessary to produce a working device.
The truth is, the essence of the Taylor invention was the guard, C, and the presser pin, L, and any argument which tends to prove that the feed roll was an essential part of the Eickemeyer device is equally cogent to show that the guard and presser pin are essential to the Taylor patent, since they were designed to take the place of the feed roll, and assist the [148 U.S. 482, 490] operator in bringing every part of the hat in contact with the pouncing cylinder. He himself speaks of the presser pin as 'a peculiar and novel feature' of his machine, its operation being as follows: 'The hat to be pounced can be caused to be revolved about it as a center by means of the pressure exerted upon it, so that every part of the hat, except that immediately under the presser pin, would, in its rotation, come in contact with the pouncing cylinder, and by lessening the pressure the hat would be drawn under the presser pin in any desired direction, and that part of it which had formed the center of rotation would then be pounced.' As either the guard or presser pin or both are made an element in all the claims of his patent but the fifth, it is quite evident that this was his real invention, and that his fifth and last claim was suggested by a desire to make his patent as sweeping as possible.
It is true that the Taylor machine seems to be capable of doing more work, and at less expense for labor and pouncing material, than the prior devices, which it appears to have largely supplanted; but this consideration, while persuasive, is by no means decisive, and is only available to turn the scale in cases of grave doubt respecting the validity of the invention.
The decree of the court below, holding the fifth claim of this patent to have been anticipated by the second claim of the Eickemeyer patent, is therefore affirmed.


Founded by Ruqqaiyah (Ruqi) & Omer Nazeer, CABARO is a direct-to-consumer brand creating high quality Swiss Automatic Watches and functional leather goods in the luxury space.
Prior to joining the Accelerator program in 2017, CABARO launched their first product the Swiss Mechanical Watch via a successful Kickstarter campaign where they raised over $100,000 in 30 days. The company's business model challenges the status quo by offering unique, high quality luxury watches and leather goods which are accessible and affordable for consumers, and remove the intermediaries and inflated price margins which are often built into the traditional luxury accessory industry.
Since their launch, CABARO have delivered their watches to over 300 cities in 32 countries and counting, and are currently working on their next line of functional leather goods which will be launching online soon.
Ruqi is the co-founder of CABARO - the dreamer and thinker managing everything between factories to consumers. Although I come from an engineering background, I've run little businesses since I was 20 - nothing serious then! Like many engineering graduates, my goal was very simple - to join a global company and have a smashing career. I joined Unilever, worked for 2 years in Supply Chain, this helped me get a holistic view of the end to end operations required to run a successful company. It was only after I moved to Melbourne in 2016 that I got seriously invested in entrepreneurship. I like to think my knack for building and designing got me started with CABARO.


The fabulous Phi Phi Islands are only 45 minutes away from Krabi by speedboat. We'll stop on the way at two less visited spots for snorkelling, Bamboo Island and Hin Klang.
Free time in Tonsai Bay for lunch, shopping and relaxing is followed by an unforgettable tour of Phi Phi Ley, including scenery made famous by Leonardo Dicaprio's film 'The Beach'.


text:
Until Tomorrow by Kari Lee Harmon
Emma Hendricks is a strong, independent journalist known for getting at the truth. She has everything she's ever wanted until her fiancé leaves her alone and devastated a few days before the wedding. She's the "go to" girl for finding answers to unsolved mysteries, but even she can't figure out what happened. Everything she believed in was a lie. Needing to get away, she heads to Beacon Bay–a small coastal town in Maine–for the summer. After finding an antique bottle wedged between two rocks in the ocean, she frees it only to discover there's something inside. Breaking the bottle to retrieve her treasure, she cuts her hand.
Kathleen Connor is the daughter of an artist mother and fisherman father, living in Beacon Bay during the 1940's in a time of war. She should be happy with her lot as a school teacher, but she's always felt she was meant for something more. After pressure from her parents, she finally marries with hope for a brighter future. Her husband runs the local store and has the respect of the community, but soon after their wedding, he begins to abuse her, turning her dreams into a nightmare. She runs away and becomes an outcast in a little cabin on the coast.
Meanwhile, present day emergency room doctor and widower, Logan Mayfield, stitches Emma's hand. She shows him a faded, yellowed map with a coded message written at the bottom and signed, Until Tomorrow, followed by the name Kathleen Connnor. Deciphering coded messages had been a hobby of his in college when he took an art history class and got caught up in hieroglyphs. Emma is the most interesting person he's met in a while, but he can't afford to be interested in anything but raising his son. His wife died six years ago from complications due to childbirth, but no one knows what really happened.
In a place far away and decades ago, Joseph Henry Rutherford III is serving his country the best that he can. He comes from a wealthy family in shipbuilding, living in Beacon Bay as well. They choose the woman he is to marry, and he doesn't protest since he's lonely and sad after all the horrible devastation he's witnessed. Needing to connect with someone, he writes a long, heartfelt letter to her but it's mistakenly sent down the coast to Kathleen's address. She tells him right away, but he doesn't care. The connection they form through letters creates a love they never imagined possible. When he returns from the war, they form a system of coded letters to secretly meet. Those are the letters Emma and Logan decipher to uncover what really happened and set the record straight. When Emma's past catches up with her, will she fight for what she really wants? Will Logan learn to forgive himself and take a chance on something real? Or will history repeat itself?
"Until Tomorrow by Kari Lee Harmon is a masterful piece of storytelling! The tale is set in two different time periods with two different sets of characters. It inspires one to live life to its fullest and renews ones faith in love. Harmon brings the story to life through exceptional character development, stunning scenery and inventive plot lines. It's a delightful read that weaves mystery and small town politics with honor and love and just the right amount of intimacy. Until Tomorrow is a real treasure!" ~ Amazon Reviewer
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SP Marketplace applications have been enhanced to take advantage of the SharePoint modern user experience. Our approach was to maintain the powerful back-end of our modules while providing new components to support the SharePoint Modern Experience.
Our version 12 applications have added structure, custom web parts, and modern pages to take productivity to the next level. The core functionality is still available through the original backend lists, libraries, and automation, but the commonly used classic landing pages have been recreated using the modern site page and web parts.
Rather than replacing the existing Classic UI pages, we added the Modern version of the page next to them in the Site Pages Library. What this means is that customers can decide whether they wish to implement the Classic or Modern in their SharePoint site. In fact it is possible to switch from one to the other (contact Support).
Our previous applications can be upgraded to take advantage of the new user experience as well. We have developed in-place provisioning to your existing site to "push" the additional pages and web-parts into your application. This allows you to move to a Modern experience without reinstalling and content migration. Please note there is a small service fee per module to cover the costs of running the upgrade. Customized pages may need some additional work. If interested contact your account manager, or fill out an upgrade request below.
Please note, V12 Modern does not convert all pages to modern. Some of the SharePoint special purpose lists are not fully supported, so you may encounter instances where standard lists, like the Calendar or Tasks list, will still display in the Classic UI instead of using the modern look and feel (not supported by Microsoft). Luckily, it all still works the same as before, and in cases where both experiences are possible, there is a link to switch back and forth.
SP Marketplace has intentionally left our administrative pages in the classic format since they are fully functional, as is, and the value of switching to modern on those is low. The admin tiles on the administrative pages are relevant to both classic and modern experiences. In a few cases, the title of the admin tile will indicate, Classic Only, if it applies to something that is used only in a the classic UI.


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I actually started reading Harry Potter because the person I look up to the most is a huge fan. He was the one who gave me the first book because I suppose he wanted to share his joy of reading Harry Potter. But it was only when I was in 11 standard, in the year 2010, that I really got involved. And boy oh boy, there was no turning back then. I had already read the first book a year back, and now in the span of a month, I read all the remaining ones. Gosh! It was such a surreal experience. I was so engaged and enraptured that I hardly though about anything else. The emotion I felt when I finished the whole book was as if someone has died. I was lucky that I read the whole series at one go. I cannot imagine what all the potter heads had felt waiting for each and every book.
You have to understand that I had a lonely childhood. Nothing tragic, yet lonely. My parents were working, I had no friends, I was bullied at school, so the only things that gave me pleasure was dance and reading. I was a movie fan since the beginning, and my cousins and us used to get together every summer and enact short harry potter scenes and shoot them. My cousin used to tell us the story of Harry Potter when we were little.
The last two years of school was not good for me. I was directionless and depressed. And also obsessed with Harry Potter. But Harry Potter was not just a comfort for me. It build up good part of the foundation based on which I think today. On practical grounds, it improved my English drastically as well as fueled my imagination. On a deeper level though, it taught me how a true friendship should look like, it taught me that love can take so many forms.
Harry taught me to be fearless, Hermione taught me to be curious, Ron taught me to be loyal, Tonks taught me to be myself, Dumbledore and Snape taught me that everybody has good and bad in them, and I could go on and on about all these things. To this date, in any kind of despair I turn to the wisdom departed by JK Rowling through Harry Potter, my phone is filled with quotes from harry potter to inspire me through the day. I love Harry Potter so much that I even published a research paper in French about Harry Potter.
I was too young to realize it but, today when I think about it, my understanding of feminism also stems from harry Potter. I have never seen any form of discrimination based on gender in my family, and that idea was re-enforced through Harry Potter. I didn't look at it as women empowerment tool. No. The fact that Rowling didn't discriminate, or to say it better, the fact that she never emphasized on anyone's gender really, she never made me feel as a reader that women could do what men can do. No. Everyone had their roles to play, which was not defined by their genders. It felt so natural and what our society should actually be like.
I have written a 60 page research paper on Harry Potter, countless blogs, and fanfictions, and now this, yet I am never short of words when I comes to Harry Potter. Words are never going to be enough. I truly cannot imagine my life without Harry Potter and hence I wrote this very small tribute to the-boy-who-lived.


The following workshops have been organised with the aim of testing 5 modules of the online course hosted School Inclusion Portal.
The workshops were carried out in order to introduce the contents of the first module of the online training course. The module aims to help teachers and other educational professionals to identify students at risk of early school leaving.
The workshops were carried out in order to introduce the contents of the second module of the online training course. The module provides practical proposals on how to facilitate communication with difficult students. This module identifies the best ways to prevent communication difficulties which may lead to a student dropping out from school.
The workshops were carried out in order to introduce the contents of the third module of the online training course. The module focuses on effective teaching strategies that foster the active involvement of all students in productive educational pathways. The strategies proposed include active teaching and learning, cooperative learning, peer education and the effective application of creativity to education.
The workshops were carried out in order to introduce the contents of the fourth module of the online training course. The module focuses on Evaluation which is a dynamic feature of any educational process. In the case of the early school leaving prevention, evaluation is strongly related to the pupils' needs assessment before their engagement in a learning activity in order to identify in time their learning difficulties.
The workshops were carried out in order to introduce the contents of the fifth module of the online training course. The module examines external resources and supports for teachers and students to help them in the prevention of early school leaving.


Tuck into some truly Italian cuisine, with a two course meal and a drink, with Italian Evening on your Bath Hen Party!
For fabulous Italian cooking, taste this two course meal and drink with a Bath Italian Evening. The restaurant has great atmosphere on the weekend and is perfectly located right near the hottest nightspots in town and the shopping district.
Choose from a range of Italian dishes, including authentic Italian pizzas, traditionally baked in a wood-fired oven, in a fun relaxed atmosphere. Drinks include beer, cider, wine or soft drinks.
Why not add on Nightclub VIP, this includes a booth and drinks package from £10pp.


text:
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    load = require("../load"),
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var suite = vows.describe("d3.interpolateObject");

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      function a(a) { this.a = a; }
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    "interpolates nested objects and arrays": function(interpolate) {
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Yellow Branch Plantation is 868 exquisite acres nestled in the pristine valley between Penitentiary Mountain and Sand Mountain. This property has been expertly manicured for the past 10 years and as you can see from the pictures the property needs absolutely nothing. The gorgeous property is located less than 45 minutes from Birmingham, AL and is easy to get to from Shelby County Airport or Birmingham International Airport. As you come through the rock gate the paved road winds through the property by the lake and through the mature hardwood timber. As you arrive at the lodge you'll notice nothing but the first class attention to detail including the landscaping and the lodge architecture. Nothing was overlooked in laying out the location for the lake, boathouse, 3500 square foot hanger/barn and the 2700 square foot Amish barn that was bought in Ohio and re-erected on the property 4 years ago. The interior of the lodge is rustic yet has all of the modern amenities you would expect from a world class lodge. The 7800 square feet is cozy yet large enough for the entire family to spread out and enjoy some peace and quiet. The five bedrooms and five full baths are spacious and are top of the line. There are also 2 1/2 baths located in the lodge. The decks overlook the professionally managed stocked 35 acre lake which is big enough to ski, fish and, with a private beach, relax at your leisure. There is an excellent road system through the property that gives you access to all of the wonderful hunting opportunities that Yellow Branch Plantation has to offer including mature Whitetail deer and wild turkey. The opportunities with this property truly are endless from horseback riding, hunting, entertaining or just relaxing with family or friends. With the growth and location of this property in Shelby County, Alabama there are multiple development opportunities as well.
To schedule a private showing to see this one of a kind property, call Sean Brown today!


text:
Toyota knocks off GM as world's biggest car maker by retaking lead in global sales race
Toyota knocks off GM as world's biggest car maker
Wednesday, July 25, 2012, 12:38 PM
A car on display at a Toyota dealership in Hollywood, CA.
(MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images)
Toyota bounced back from safety recalls and natural disasters, selling 4.97 million vehicles globally in the first half of the year to retake its crown as the world's top automaker from General Motors Co.
The Japanese company sold about 300,000 more cars and trucks than GM did in the first half of the year, a lead large enough that it will be difficult for GM to catch Toyota in the final six months of 2012.
GM said it sold 4.67 million vehicles during the first half. Both companies released their numbers Wednesday.
For Toyota Motor Corp., the numbers underline a powerful rebound from a period of dismal sales, and the resilience of its brand as it gains traction in new markets such as China and Southeast Asia while clawing back lost market share in the U.S.
Both companies have said in the past that they don't care about the global sales leadership and are focusing on making profits. But the crown is a matter of corporate pride for both automakers.
GM doesn't plan to drop out of the race, though. The company's sales and market share grew in China, and Chevrolet, its largest brand, has seen record growth for seven straight quarters, spokesman Jim Cain said. GM sales should rise because 70 percent of its U.S. models will be refurbished or all-new in the next two years, said Cain.
"We are in the early days of the most aggressive rollout of new products in our history, which will help us press our advantage in the U.S. and China and grow profitably around the world," he said, declining to comment on whether the company expects to pass Toyota in the second half.
Toyota's production was hit by the earthquake and tsunami in northeastern Japan last year and then by flooding in Thailand, an important production base for the automaker. Before those disasters, its sales were dented by massive U.S. safety recalls, totaling more than 14 million vehicles since the quality control problems emerged three years ago.
But the company's factories and sales recovered faster than expected, making it very hard for GM to catch Toyota between now and the end of the year, said Jeff Schuster, senior vice president of forecasting at the LMC Automotive consulting firm in Troy, Mich.
Also, GM has a bigger presence than Toyota in Europe, where auto sales have fallen dramatically, and China, where the economy is starting to slow, Schuster said.
GM was No. 1 in world auto sales last year on strong performances in the U.S. and China, its two biggest markets. The Detroit company held the global sales crown for more than seven decades before losing it to Toyota in 2008 as GM's sales tanked while it headed toward financial ruin. In 2009, GM filed for bankruptcy protection, needing a U.S. government bailout to survive.
Volkswagen AG was in third place in the global sales race. The company said earlier this month that it sold 4.45 million vehicles in the first half. It came in second after GM in global vehicle sales last year.
GM had already trailed Toyota for the first quarter of this year at 2.28 million cars and trucks across the globe, while Toyota sold 2.49 million vehicles. Toyota has forecast that it will sell 9.58 million vehicles in 2012, up 21 percent from last year. GM has not given a full-year forecast.
Chizuko Satsukawa, auto analyst for Standard & Poor's in Tokyo, said Toyota faces intense competition not only from GM and Volkswagen but from other automakers, including Hyundai of South Korea.
Toyota is counting on its next surge of expansion in Southeast Asia, following other high-growth markets such as China, India and Brazil, she said.
"Toyota's rebound is impressive," said Satsukawa. "But what's even more important than the numbers is profitability."
Satsukawa said Toyota was at a disadvantage because of a strong yen, compared with European and South Korean makers that have the perk of a weak currency that raises earnings from exported vehicles. That makes gaining sales numbers critical for Toyota, she said.
Doing well in North America was also critical because that rich market is where many automakers, including Toyota, can hope to rake in hefty profits.
After the recall fiasco, Toyota President Akio Toyoda acknowledged that the automaker needed to go back to its roots and strengthen quality rather than pursuing rapid growth at any cost.
But in recent months, he has changed his tone slightly, promising growth for Toyota, although he has stressed it will do so with good products.
Toyota spokesman Joichi Tachikawa played down Wednesday's figures.
"We can only keep trying to make good products that appeal to our customers," he said.


text:
Wolfheart Interview
Finland has always been a magical land giving to the world some of the most exquisite bands in the metal genre. A land of lakes, mystical stories and Northern lights. A land of winter wolves and hearts of passion.
Wolfheart is just all this – the beauty of the Finnish nature and passion, a fiery dance of the snow, an extreme romance below the glowing skies. Epic, powerful, delivering gorgeous melodies and absolutely uncompromising sound. Wolfheart's astonishing new album "Constellation of the Black Light" was out in the dying lights of September sun, and we invited Wolfheart, to tell us more about the wolves, the winter, the band and their brilliant new record. Don't forget to read Emil's very special review on the album here.
– Welcome to Blessed Altar Zine! For us is an honour to have you here. Thank you for accepting out invitation! We are really excited! How are you?
– Hey! All my pleasure. Things are going really well!
– Throughout the initial three releases and on the upcoming one, Wolfheart managed to maintain a splendid balance between Nordic death metal, black metal, utterly complex arrangements and beautiful melodies, without sounding repetitive. How hard is it to maintain this impressive and constant level of creativity and musicianship?
– I dont find it hard. Creative process is going on all the time for me and I write new music constantly. Naturally I need to be careful that I don't end up repeating myself but at the same time I see each album as a different story as a whole and would never tell the same story twice so each album will also end up standing on it own and unique.
– We are aware that Wolfheart's music is centered on the properly coined tag, "Winter Metal", however, lyrically the band covers a variety of subjects. Could you please explain to our readers how you we're able to fold this diversity under just one tag, "Winter Metal"? Also, do you know any other bands that could borrow this tag for their own music?
– With the production I always aim for cold, harsh but still beautiful and massive result. Those 4 words also describe Finnish winter perfectly. Also many of the different themes still connect to winter in the lyrics even when the actual song is not about winter itself. So far I have not found any bands using the same title for their music.
Photo Credit: Mike Sirèn
– Tuomas, after recording and releasing "Winterborn" in 2013, as a one-man project, with Mika's contributions, you've decided to form a full band in 2014. Was this based on the desire to be able to perform live? Any other reasons?
– Definitely the goal was to be able to play live shows right after the debut was released. Also Wolfheart was never meant to be just a solo project but wanted to focus completely alone on the music with the debut.
– Finland is definitely home to the best melodic metal no matter how extreme, obviously Wolfheart included. Why is that?
– Long and dark winter in combination with the beautiful nature and melancholic state of mind
– Do you have a favourite Finnish artist? Which are you main musical influences and inspirations?
– I highly respect Juha from Swallow The Sun and guys from Insomnium of their talent and hard working attitude when it comes to writing music. My own inspiration comes from Finnish nature and my own solitude
– Where else do you find your inspirations to write such powerful, heavy and beautiful music?
– Those things mentioned in the previous answer are the main reasons to write W style of music. Certain feeling of permanent loneliness is really inspiring in all of its sadness and darkness.
– What is the heart of the wolf? Lonely?
– Solitude and strength
– Upon listening to "Tyhjyys" on vinyl I wrote down the following: "(..) Wolfheart's "Tyhjyys" is actually an audiophile record. The sonic clarity for such dense sound is astonishing!" Same applies to "Winterborn", "Shadow World" and presumably "Constellation Of The Black Light". Can you provide any insight regarding the recording, mixing and mastering process pertaining to Wolfheart's records?
– To me it is really important to be able to produce an album with minimum amount of tracks and focus hard in the individual tracks, the way of playing with even smallest details like the angle of the pic towards the strings etc and to be able to produce the best possible sound by playing and bring the song alive with natural dynamics. Each musician needs to react with the song and the aim is to make the music sound like a force of nature. Like it is alive with its dynamics.
– Now please tell us more about the crushing new album "Constellation Of The Black Light". What the fans will find there? How would you present it to our readers? What are the main messages and ideas behind?
– It will be the most varied W album so far. Also the most epic album so far. Rest I will leave the readers to hear on the album
– What is different now compared to the older stuff?
– There is our fastest song ever on the album. Also the longest. And generally there is natural musical evolution and progression
– Which is your favourite track off the new record and why?
– Breakwater and Everlasting Fall. Both are awesome songs to play live and I really enjoy the energy of both songs while paying on stage.
– Our world is really on fire, but are we in an everlasting fall? Or this is already a boneyard?
– haha….:) a really good question. I believe that we are on the edge of "Tyhjyys" (emptiness) and just waiting for the "Flood" to bury us all.
– What would you compromise with and what you wouldn't?
– Musically I would never compromise.
– With the forth album "Constellation Of The Black Light", the first with Napalm Records, the band will embark on it's first ever US tour. Despite the catalogue being available for sale and streaming, Wolfheart is virtually unknown on the American scene. Are there any additional events and/or promotions targeting the US market planned so that the band will gain the well deserved recognition?
– Both videos have got good feedback and exposure in US and also new album is doing really well in radios. We also played in 70000tons of metal cruise this year and 2 week minitour in Canada this summer. Tour is just a first step to start building things in US and there is already 2nd tour confirmed for US for the beginning of the next year.
– What about your upcoming European tour and what can we expect from the band in 2019?
– It is going to be really cool tour with Omnium Gatherum. Going to be busy times since between US and Euro tour there is only 6 days at home. 2019 were are continuing to be busy with touring in US, Europe, South America etc.
– What is the success for you? Do you feel yourself a successful artist?
– Success is mainly freedom to me to be able to music as I like to do it. Do the album when I want and where I want. There is still a lot to conquer but everything comes on its own so I don't think too much about it. I just focus on the music and let the management and label to the work.
– Did the music take you a lot? What did it give you?
– I don't feel that it has taken anything. Of course I invest a lot of time for it but not because I feel I have to but because I want. Music is a lifestyle to me and it is pretty much the air that I breath.
– How do you see the extreme metal scene nowadays? With so many artists, and great and not so great albums released? Did the digitalization and the Internet helped or just the opposite? Did the music loose it's romantic spirit?
– Maybe it has lost the mystery a bit because all the bands and members are more exposed now days in instagram, facebook etc. In the past you had to wait 1 month for a new issue of a metal magazine to arrive to get to read the news about your favourite bands. Now everything is available in few seconds.
– Which three tracks describe the best Wolfheart's spirit?
– The Hunt, The Flood and Breakwater.
– How would you like Wolfheart to be remembered?
– hmmm….weird to think things that far ahead…I hope that I would be able to create emotional connection to the songs which listeners would also notice and remember themselves with Wolfheart music when the band is gone someday.
– Thank you very much for being our guests and taking time for this interview! We wish you great success with "Constelation of the Black Light"! Looking forward to hearing from you soon!
– Thank you !
Interview by Emil/UHF and Cound Vlad
**Please support the underground! It's vital to the future of our genre.
#SupportTheUnderground
Used by permission. © 2018 by Emil Chiru / UHF
2018Count VladFinlandInterviewsMelodic Death MetalNapalm RecordsUHFWinter MetalWolfheart
Black Friday XVIII – Underground Reco
IN ROTATION: Our most played albums in October 2018
Helrunar Interview


text:
BMC Microbiology
Comparative activities of ampicillin and teicoplanin against Enterococcus faecalis isolates
Georgios V. Zacharopoulos1,
Georgios A. Manios2,
Marios Papadakis3,
Dimitra Koumaki4,
Sofia Maraki5,
Dimitrios Kassotakis1,
Eelco De Bree1 &
Andreas Manios1
BMC Microbiology volume 23, Article number: 5 (2023) Cite this article
Enterococcus faecalis remains one of the most common pathogens causing infection in surgical patients. Our goal was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis, causing infections in a surgical clinic, against two antibacterial drugs, ampicillin and teicoplanin. One commonly administered in the past for such infections, ampicillin, and another newer, teicoplanin, which demonstrated exceptionally good efficacy.
Data from 1882 isolates were retrieved from the microbiology department database during two 5-year periods. Standard biochemical methods were employed for the identification of the isolates. The prevalence of E. faecalis among patients with clinical evidence of infection in a surgical oncology ward was assessed. Confidence interval (CI) as well as standard error (SE) were calculated. Moreover, the annual incidence of E. faecalis infections in this surgical ward was recorded. The susceptibility of E. faecalis to ampicillin and teicoplanin was studied and compared using Fisher's exact test.
Results and conclusion
Results showed that the incidence of E. faecalis infections in the surgical clinic was increasing. Ampicillin, in the later year period, was not statistically different from teicoplanin in treating E. faecalis infections. Consequently, ampicillin seems currently to be an effective antibiotic against such infections that could be used as empiric therapy.
Surgical infection represents one of the most serious complications that patients face during their healing process. It is associated with a higher death rate, longer hospitalization, and more intense post-discharge care [1]. Enterococci are one of the most common bacteria isolated from infections in surgical patients. Phylogenetically, the genus Enterococcus belongs to the branch of Gram-positive bacteria. The genus Enterococcus consists of several species that occur in human and animal gastrointestinal (GI) tracts, as well as in the guts of insects, traditional fermented food, and dairy products, and in various environments including plants, soil, and water [1,2,3,4,5]. Enterococcus is also a nosocomial pathogen with opportunistic behavior. It is responsible for a variety of infections such as wounds, intra-abdominal, urinary tract, catheter-associated infections, suppurative thrombophlebitis, endocarditis as well as pneumonia [6]. During the past few decades, enterococci have emerged as important healthcare-associated pathogens [7,8,9,10,11,12]. Moreover, antibiotics-resistant Enterococcus that are isolated from nosocomial infections is difficult to treat, making the bacterium a challenging issue for clinicians in the twenty-first century [12,13,14].
As there is a paucity of data regarding the incidence of E. faecalis infections and their antimicrobial resistance to ampicillin and teicoplanin in tertiary hospitals in South Greece, the aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological features of E. faecalis infections in surgical patients at Heraklion University Hospital in Heraklion, Crete, by outlining their antimicrobial resistance against two commonly used drugs, ampicillin, and teicoplanin. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
A total of 1882 isolates from wound, blood, and urine cultures were collected over two 5-year periods from patients hospitalized in the department of surgical oncology at the university hospital of Heraklion, Crete. Five hundred eighty-six isolates were collected from 2010 to 2014 and 1296 isolates from 2017 to 2021. All data were retrieved from the Microbiology department database.
Isolates were identified at the genus level by standard biochemical assays (esculin hydrolysis, growth in 6.5% salt broth), and at the species level by the Vitek 2 system (Vitek 2, GP panel; BioMérieux, Marcy l' Etoile, France), and was confirmed by the matrix-assisted laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (version 3.2) (BioMérieux). Susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined using the automated system Vitek2 (BioMérieux) [15, 16]. Results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria (CLSI) [17].
During the 2010–2014 period, the susceptibility to ampicillin was tested in 67 out of 78 Enterococcus isolates while the susceptibility to teicoplanin was in 76 out of 78. In each 5-year period, the percentage of E. faecalis infections out of total infections (Figs. 1 and 2), the confidence interval (CI) as well as standard error (SE) were calculated. Moreover, the number of infections with E. faecalis per year was recorded. (Figs. 3 and 4) The susceptibility of E. faecalis to ampicillin and teicoplanin per year in both periods was calculated (Figs. 5 and 6). Fisher's exact test was used to compare this susceptibility in these two periods. (Table 1).
Bacterial ratio of surgical infections in the 2017–2021 period
The annual incidence of Enterococcus faecalis infections in the surgical clinic 2017–2021 represented also in a line bar diagram
The annual incidence of Enterococcus faecalis causing infections in the surgical clinic 2010–2014 represented in a line bar diagram
Annual resistance of Enterococcus faecalis isolates against ampicillin and teicoplanin 2017–2021
Table 1 Comparison of the effectiveness of Ampicillin-Teicoplanin against Enterococcus faecalis between 2010 and 2014 and 2017–2021
A higher number of enterococcal infections was recorded in the period 2017–2021(143) (Fig. 5) compared to 2010–2014 (78) (Fig. 6). Nevertheless, the percentage of enterococcal infections among all infections remained roughly the same between 2017 and 2021 11.03% [95% CI = 0.1103 + − 1.96*0.0087 = (0.0932,0.1274)] and 2010–2014 (13.31%) [95%CI = 0.1331 + − 1.96*0.0140 = (0.1056,0.1606)] (Figs. 1 and 2).
A decrease in the percentage of resistant Enterococcus strains to ampicillin was observed from 21.8% (17 out of 67) in the period 2010–2014 to 0.7% (1 out of 143) in the period 2017–2021. (Table 1).
In the period 2010–2014 teicoplanin was effective against all strains of E. faecalis but ampicillin was not (Fig. 6), making the former preferable to administer against E. faecalis. (P < 0.000001) (Table 1). After 3 years, during the 2017–2021 period, ampicillin was not statistically different from teicoplanin in treating E. faecalis infections. (P = 0.5) (Table 1).
In our study, a clear increase in E. faecalis infections were reported between the two 5-year periods. However, the overall prevalence of E. faecalis remained almost stable ranging from 13.31% in the 2010–2014 to 11.03% during the 2017–2021 period. These data were higher than that of the 4-year summary from 2011 to 2014 reported to the national healthcare safety network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the USA, which was 7.4% [18]. This could be explained by the study participants as the American study included patients from all the departments, various hospitals as well as rehabilitation facilities. The methods employed for the detection of E. faecalis could also attribute to the different results. In another study, E. faecalis was isolated in 24 of 200 (12%) surgical wound samples and in 2 of 100 (2%) blood cultures [19]. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin and 19.2% were resistant to teicoplanin [19]. The results of our study are in accordance with a recent publication from China that reported that resistance rates to ampicillin decreased gradually but to teicoplanin increased for E. faecalis [20].
Ampicillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic, with effectiveness against most infectious organisms like E. coli, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae [21, 22]. Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that was isolated more than 40 years ago as a product of Actionplanes teicomyceticus [23]. It has potent bactericidal activity against a wide variety of aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive bacteria. Its adverse effects include ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, skin rash, eosinophilia, neutropenia, and transient elevation of serum aminotransferases [24]. It has been shown that serum levels of teicoplanin may not be predictable when administered to seriously ill patients, making cautious use in such cases mandatory [25].
Presently, the treatment of enterococcal infections represents one of the most arduous problems that physicians are dealing with. An increased prevalence of strains that are resistant to almost all antibiotics with in vitro bactericidal activity against enterococci has been observed, reflecting a perturbing tendency. The enterococci are intrinsically resistant to many commonly used antimicrobial agents, namely cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, clindamycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [26]. All enterococci exhibit decreased susceptibility to penicillin and ampicillin, as well as high-level resistance to most all semi-synthetic penicillins [27]. Nonetheless, for many isolates, despite their level of resistance to ampicillin, its clinical use is not prohibited. Actually, ampicillin remains the treatment of choice for enterococcal infections that lack other mechanisms for high-level resistance [27]. Our data are in concordance with this therapeutic trend indicating that, currently, ampicillin could be effective against E. faecalis isolates. In the second 5-year period both ampicillin and teicoplanin remained highly active against E. faecalis isolates.
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a usual and difficult-to-treat reason for hospital-acquired infection [28]. VRE are distinguished from other strains of Enterococcus by a raised minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for vancomycin and the presence of vancomycin-resistance gene clusters such as vanA [29]. High-level resistance to vancomycin is encoded by different clusters of genes referred to as the vancomycin-resistance gene clusters (for example, vanA, B, D, and M gene clusters). VanA is the most common type of vancomycin resistance, usually mediates higher levels of resistance than other types, and causes cross-resistance to teicoplanin. The VanB phenotype, the second most common type, is less frequently encountered than VanA [30].
High-level vancomycin resistance is the most problematic resistance of enterococci because it often appears in strains already highly resistant to ampicillin. The three major phenotypes, VanA, VanB, and VanD, can sometimes be differentiated by the level of vancomycin resistance, susceptibility to the glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin, and whether the resistance is induced by exposure to teicoplanin [30].
Adherence to protocols for cleaning patient rooms should be monitored to decrease environmental contamination with VRE [31]. Healthcare-associated VRE is transmitted in the hands of healthcare workers; as a result, good hand hygiene is considered an essential measure for reducing the spread of this pathogen. Colonization with VRE typically precedes infection. Colonization most commonly occurs in patients with previous antimicrobial therapy and residents in long-term care facilities [32].
A multimodal strategy is required for VRE prevention and control, including general infection prevention measures including the best care of vascular and urinary catheters, accurate and quick diagnosis and management, judicious use of antibiotics, and infection transmission prevention [32,33,34].
.An infection control program is essential to surgical site infection (SSI) prevention [35]. A successful program may decrease the rate of SSIs by 40% [27,28,29,30]. The prompt administration of efficient preoperative antibiotics and careful attention to surgical technique rank as the most crucial elements in the prevention of SSI, along with maintaining a clean operating room environment. A variety of topical and local antibiotic delivery methods as well as wound-protecting barrier devices have been employed during surgery to lower the incidence of SSI [36]. .The use of antimicrobial-coated sutures may minimize the risk of SSI, although the available and high-quality data are scarce [37].
Our study suggests that ampicillin could reprise its role as a first-line treatment of enterococcal infections with teicoplanin reserved for cases in which the former cannot be used, such as due to a β-lactam allergy. Clearly, larger and more meticulous studies are necessary to confirm the role of ampicillin. What is apparent from our study is that the resistance of E. faecalis to ampicillin does not remain stable but weakens over a relatively short period of time. Thus an antibiotic that in one period may not show increased activity against this pathogen in another period of time may still be suitable and effective for the treatment of E. faecalis infections. Ampicillin may be a suitable agent for treating infections caused by E. faecalis. Further research is necessary to validate these results and establish its use as empiric therapy against such infections.
The data that supports the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.
E. faecalis :
SE:
VRE:
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
MIC:
minimum inhibitory concentration
SSI:
surgical site infection
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Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. No funding has supported this work.
Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Georgios V. Zacharopoulos, Dimitrios Kassotakis, Eelco De Bree & Andreas Manios
Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
Georgios A. Manios
Department of Surgery II, Witten/Herdecke University, Heusnerstrasse 40, Postal code, 42283, Witten, Germany
Marios Papadakis
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, 71110, Crete, Greece
Dimitra Koumaki
Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
Sofia Maraki
Georgios V. Zacharopoulos
Dimitrios Kassotakis
Eelco De Bree
Andreas Manios
GZ, GM, MP, and SM have collected the data in the manuscript under the supervision of AM. AM has designed the study. GZ, GM, MP, DK, and MP have written the first draft of the manuscript. DK and EDB have provided important supervision to the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript.
Correspondence to Marios Papadakis.
The study was approved by the Ethical committee of the University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece (Reference number 26262/2022). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and legal guardians to participate in this study.
All authors declare no competing interests.
Zacharopoulos, G.V., Manios, G.A., Papadakis, M. et al. Comparative activities of ampicillin and teicoplanin against Enterococcus faecalis isolates. BMC Microbiol 23, 5 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-022-02753-1
Teicoplanin
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Restraining the negative environmental impacts of the construction sector constitutes one of the major challenges of the twenty-first century. However, efforts to address it have been largely fragmented. With environmental consequences of a construction project typically dispersed across its life cycle, i.e. from design through to end-of-life, greening this sector requires a supply chain wide focus inclusive of all key stages and stakeholders; also, all relevant aspects such as the nature of green practices implemented and associated drivers, barriers and performance implications need to be considered. This forms the focus of the present study where a comprehensive, green supply chain management (GSCM) oriented understanding of the construction sector is developed through the context of the UAE construction sector, and incorporating inputs from all key stakeholders, i.e. Developers, Architects/ Consultants, Contractors and (material) Suppliers. The study contributes to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of greening of the construction sector.