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Newsletters are the new newsletters.
Sexsomnia is a sleep disorder in which people have sex—or try to—while unconscious.
What is sexsomnia?
Mezikus 23.08.2018 3
People who have sex in their sleep
Malazshura 23.08.2018 3 Comments
During those trials, the accused maintained he may have had sex with the woman but that it happened as a result of him suffering from sexsomnia, TREATMENT While the cause of sexsomnia is still unknown, and the episodes are considered random, researchers think that people are triggered into them when there's a disruption in the brain as it moves between deep sleep cycles. Sleep apnea, for example, is most often treated with a continuous positive airway pressure CPAP machine. You knew you could sleepwalk. Did you know you can also sleep-grope—and even sleep-fuck? Diagnosis Sexsomnia was only recently classified medically, so there is no standard diagnostic process for the condition. Dangerous ground: The first trial collapsed for legal reasons while the second resulted in a hung jury. She considered leaving him, but then started asking some questions, genuinely puzzled by the out-of-character behaviour he told her he had no memory of, and his devastation that he had upset and hurt her. Complications Some people feel ashamed or embarrassed to learn they have done things they do not remember doing, especially sexual acts. Some people with sexsomnia reduced problematic symptoms by locking themselves in their bedroom alone at night or placing an alarm system on their bedroom door. Although a person's medical history and other evidence will be carefully examined in court, determining responsibility remains complicated and controversial. Treatment and management It seems that the best way to treat the condition is to maintain a healthy, regular, sleep-wake schedule. Medical treatment options for sexsomnia include: One sleep clinic reported that only 7.
Dealing with underlying sleep disorders If sexsomnia is possibly the result of another sleep disorder, like sleep apnea or restless leg syndrome, treating the underlying disorder may also stop the unintended sexual behaviors. During an episode, someone with sexsomnia might touch themselves while asleep, or try to have sex with someone near them. During a later episode, he tried having penetrative sex through her underwear. Related coverage. Both sleep disorder specialists are keen to emphasize to individuals experiencing sleep sex that it is often a clinical condition, and that professional assessment and treatment of sleep apnea, other parasomnias, or conditions such as epilepsy may assist with reducing occurrences of sexsomnia. New medications While some medications can lead to sexsomnia, others may help stop it. It's also thought sleep deprivation, alcohol consumption, or sleeping pills like Ambien increase someone's likelihood of experiencing sexsomnia. During vPSG, an individual is attached to physiological devices, such as heart rate, breathing, and motion monitors, and videotaped while they sleep. Nonetheless, the perception of sexsomnia is complicated by the reality of sexual assault , as well as various criminal cases in the US and Canada , where defendants accused of sexual offenses have claimed the sleep disorder as a defense. Sometimes they would reciprocate, but often they would simply cuddle him and—as Miller understood the situation—Alex would go back to sleep. For Californian Sammy Reynard, 46, one of three things happens. We partner with some of the companies that sell these products, which means Healthline UK and our partners may receive a portion of revenues if you make a purchase using a link s above. Sarah awakes to find boyfriend Tom trying to penetrate her in a crude, disturbing way. But increasingly, it's being used as a defence in rape cases worldwide. These cases might lead the public to perceive sexsomnia as an excuse, rather than an actual clinical condition. And many victims. This makes sense for Reynard, who also experiences sleep paralysis. I did not really not know what to think". It was to be the third trial in the case, the publication said. When she asked him about it, he told her it was sexsomnia, diagnosed by his doctor. Several court cases have involved charges of sexual misconduct relating to sleep sex with a variety of outcomes. While most of the acts involved in the disorder are relatively benign, it could at least theoretically involve sexual assault, Oexman notes. As many of the symptoms of sexsomnia negatively impact other people, the best way to treat it tends to be nighttime isolation. These include: Research presented at an annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies found that nearly 8 percent of patients referred to a sleep disorders clinic in Toronto reported engaging in sleep sex. Your doctor may also request you stay multiple nights so they can get a broader understanding of your sleep patterns. Partners of people with sexsomnia may also be concerned the behavior is a sign of displeasure in the relationship. The use of open discussion and understanding between couples decrease the negative emotional feelings and stress felt and generates a support system. The year-old entered the bedroom of a guest at his home at Nhulunbuy in northeast Arnhem Land in the early morning of June and got into the year-old's bed. You may benefit from outside help to keep this nocturnal activity from negatively affecting your relationship.
The first trial collapsed for legal reasons while the second resulted in a hung jury. Speak to a medical professional before purchasing Lifestyle changes In nearly every described case of sexsomnia, at least part of the treatment process involved lifestyle adjustments. I did not like it. Medications[ edit ] Clonazepam , commonly referred to as Klonopin , has been prescribed as treatment for sexsomnia. Are you dreaming about sex with other people? Parasomnias constitute a number of undesirable physical events or sensory experiences that happen when falling asleep, during sleep, or waking up from sleep think sleepwalking , talking in your sleep, or sleep paralysis. The clinic noted that because these were patients already being treated for other sleep disorders, the real prevalence of the condition is likely to be lower in the general population. Prof Kennedy warns also it may not mean offenders escape charges: People with prior history of sleep disorders are more likely to experience sleep sex, Mangan says. Dr David Cunnington, director of the Melbourne Sleep Disorders Centre says sexsomnia is "not indicative of people's true feelings" - it's a form of sleepwalking. During a later episode, he tried having penetrative sex through her underwear. His wife told the high court in Glasgow she would "wake up with him having sex with me Treatment and management It seems that the best way to treat the condition is to maintain a healthy, regular, sleep-wake schedule. People experiencing sleep sex as a side effect of prescription medications may need to stop taking the drugs or change the dosage. This means that an individual can get an erection or experience vaginal lubrication, physically move their body to engage in various sex acts, and even reach orgasm, while being completely amnesic of anything having ever happened. I could tell by the way she grew distant that things were ending. During those trials, the accused maintained he may have had sex with the woman but that it happened as a result of him suffering from sexsomnia, TREATMENT While the cause of sexsomnia is still unknown, and the episodes are considered random, researchers think that people are triggered into them when there's a disruption in the brain as it moves between deep sleep cycles. Antidepressants and anti-seizure medicines may be prescribed. Mr Spencer, who claimed he had no recollection of the event, was accused of gross indecency and sexual intercourse without consent. More automated, and robotic, experts say. Treating underlying conditions that cause sleep disruption, such as sleep apnea, may also reduce or resolve cases of sexsomnia. Your sleep partner may not wish to engage in sex and may be victimized by the act. Or as Barilla's wife said: You may benefit from outside help to keep this nocturnal activity from negatively affecting your relationship.
In cases where the individual has both sleep apnea and sexual behaviors consistent with sexsomnia, the implementation of a continuous positive airway pressure resulted in a complete discontinuation of unwanted behaviors. During a later episode, he tried having penetrative sex through her underwear. In most documented cases, sexsomnia symptoms have alarmed or angered the conscious bed partner. The Australasian Sleep Association has urged qualified physicians to contribute in expert testimony in such cases to ensure the individual's claims are valid and not just an attempt to be released of sexual offense charges. Barilla had insisted he had "no memory" of the incidents which she told the jury had occurred "a couple of hundred times". Sleep experts believe that sexomnia occurs during non-rapid eye movement NREM sleep, otherwise known as deep sleep. Partners of people with sexsomnia may also be concerned the behavior is a sign of displeasure in the relationship. The most common use of this medication is for the treatment of anxiety , seizures, panic disorders , and sleep disorders. Sexsomnia medications Some medications may be recommended to treat sexsomnia, including mild sedatives and antidepressants. Dangerous ground: Sexsomnia can also make the question of consent difficult, given the individual initiating or engaging in the sexual act is technically unconscious. This makes sense for Reynard, who also experiences sleep paralysis. It is not linked to deep-seated psychological issues or an indicator of mental illness," he said. Cline believes that excessive fatigue, high levels of stress, and prior substance use may play a role in the onset of sexsomnia, but ultimately concludes that—so far—there is no definitive explanation for what causes it. Over the next couple of weeks we tried to work it out. On the positive side, Mangan says, both men and women who have experienced sleep sex say they are more assertive when asleep. Her body shut down around me. Medical treatment options for sexsomnia include: And it's not great sex. Psychotherapy and stress management techniques can help mitigate episodes, too. Sexsomnia is characterized by a sleeper engaging in sexual activities—including masturbation, fondling, and full on intercourse—often with limited awareness, environmental unresponsiveness, and a complete lack of memory of the event ever happening. He has no recollection of the episode. A Toronto Western Hospital study found that 11 per cent of its male sleep-centre patients experienced sexsomnia, compared to just four per cent of female patients did.
In a response post, a year-old male says his relationship ended over his tendency to initiate sex in the middle of the night with his girlfriend. These are available over-the-counter or online. He adds that safety measures, including sleeping in separate bedrooms, can protect the bed partner if sexsomnia does occur. This is the case for the sexsomniacs I spoke to. It was devastating. Cline believes that excessive fatigue, high levels of stress, and prior substance use may play a role in the onset of sexsomnia, but ultimately concludes that—so far—there is no definitive explanation for what causes it. A sleep clinic ultimately revealed he had sexsomnia. Therefore you would probably still be found guilty, but be punished more lightly. I tried to apologize and explain that I had no recollection of that happening, but unfortunately that friendship was irreparable. In fact, in 20 years of conducting sleep clinics, Victoria University associate professor Gerald Kennedy has "only seen four or possibly five genuine cases". Legal cases[ edit ] Sex offender controversies[ edit ] The number of sex offenders claiming sexsomnia as the cause of their offenses is rapidly growing. In cases where the individual has both sleep apnea and sexual behaviors consistent with sexsomnia, the implementation of a continuous positive airway pressure resulted in a complete discontinuation of unwanted behaviors. Her body shut down around me. His wife told the high court in Glasgow she would "wake up with him having sex with me More from Tonic: A psychiatrist, often one specializing in sleep disorders, may diagnose sexsomnia by reviewing individual medical history and asking questions about symptoms.
Sleep experts believe that sexomnia occurs during non-rapid eye movement NREM sleep, otherwise known as deep sleep. I did not really not know what to think". These include: These are all valid reasons to seek help for your sleep disorder. Legal cases[ edit ] Sex offender controversies[ edit ] The number of sex offenders claiming sexsomnia as the cause of their offenses is rapidly growing. A record of these sleep sex episodes may be enough for your doctor to diagnose the condition. Some people with sexsomnia reduced problematic symptoms by locking themselves in their bedroom alone at night or placing an alarm system on their bedroom door. One night Miller woke up in pain. State[ edit ] Smith v. He adds that safety measures, including sleeping in separate bedrooms, can protect the bed partner if sexsomnia does occur. Complications Some people feel ashamed or embarrassed to learn they have done things they do not remember doing, especially sexual acts. As Schenck explains, the occurrence of both amnesia and waking up during sex can have potentially tricky consequences.
Some factors think the numbers of sufferers are bigger, but those incidents aren't reported because sufferers are either too embarrassed to report it, or just don't remember it. Treatments can include medication to improve sleep, counselling, or avoiding triggers like alcohol and sleeping pills. Research presented at an annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies found that nearly 8 percent of patients referred to a sleep disorders clinic in Toronto reported engaging in sleep sex. In this context, we can kind of understand the relationship between to the two conditions. Most commonly, I will at some point stop and go back to sleep before we've finished. A year-old project manager living in Luxembourg describes how he can never remember the sex he has at night the next morning: Just being aware of his condition and what it entails has helped Reynard better manage his sexsomnia. You might also like these other newsletters: Diagnosis Sexsomnia was only recently classified medically, so there is no standard diagnostic process for the condition. One sleep clinic reported that only 7. Antidepressants and anti-seizure medicines may be prescribed. The court returned a "not proven" verdict to the rape charges. While areas of the brain involved in memory, decision-making and rational thinking appear to remain in deep sleep. I did not like it. Special Victims Unit , and Desperate Housewives. Sleep experts believe that sexomnia occurs during non-rapid eye movement NREM sleep, otherwise known as deep sleep. The actual effect of treatment on sexsomnia is poorly understood because the symptoms are difficult to track long-term. Sleep apnea, for example, is most often treated with a continuous positive airway pressure CPAP machine. In the most recent study of sexsomnia, individuals were surveyed at a sleep disorder center. Please enter a valid email address Sign up Oops! He adds that safety measures, including sleeping in separate bedrooms, can protect the bed partner if sexsomnia does occur. Please enter a valid email address Oops! It's also thought sleep deprivation, alcohol consumption, or sleeping pills like Ambien increase someone's likelihood of experiencing sexsomnia. Treatment and management It seems that the best way to treat the condition is to maintain a healthy, regular, sleep-wake schedule.
Complications Some people feel ashamed or embarrassed to learn they have done things they do not remember doing, especially sexual acts. The brief memories of the previous night triggered their PTSD. An Arizona man who murdered his wife, allegedly in his sleep, was convicted. A Toronto Western Hospital study found that 11 per cent of its male sleep-centre patients experienced sexsomnia, compared to just four per cent of female patients did. Several court cases have involved charges of sexual misconduct relating to sleep sex with a variety of outcomes. On the positive side, Mangan says, both men and women who have experienced sleep sex say they are more assertive when asleep. Anticonvulsant therapy is used to treat sexual behaviors that result secondary to sleep related epilepsy. For Californian Sammy Reynard, 46, one of three things happens. As for what causes it, he says nobody really knows, but risk factors include stress, drinking or doing drugs before going to bed including sleeping pills , other sleep disorders like sleep apnea sleep disorders also tend to run in families , or sleep deprivation. A sleep clinic ultimately revealed he had sexsomnia. Dangerous ground: Nonetheless, the perception of sexsomnia is complicated by the reality of sexual assault , as well as various criminal cases in the US and Canada , where defendants accused of sexual offenses have claimed the sleep disorder as a defense. But his lawyer argued Mr Spencer was asleep at the time and depressed over his marriage breakup. I did not really not know what to think". Cline believes that excessive fatigue, high levels of stress, and prior substance use may play a role in the onset of sexsomnia, but ultimately concludes that—so far—there is no definitive explanation for what causes it. It feels like a little secret we have together. In a headline-grabbing case out of the UK late last year, Lawrence Barilli was cleared of raping his partner because he was suffering sexsomnia. One night Miller woke up in pain. People with sexsomnia may also significantly reduce emotional and psychosocial symptoms by undergoing group counseling sessions with the person negatively impacted by symptoms. The Australasian Sleep Association has urged qualified physicians to contribute in expert testimony in such cases to ensure the individual's claims are valid and not just an attempt to be released of sexual offense charges. When he was 16, he had a sleepover with two platonic female friends, one of whom stopped speaking to him the following day. And it's not great sex. During an episode, someone with sexsomnia might touch themselves while asleep, or try to have sex with someone near them. I could tell by the way she grew distant that things were ending.
Diagnosis Sexsomnia was only recently classified medically, so there is no standard diagnostic process for the condition. Over the next couple of weeks we tried to work it out. The brief memories of the previous night triggered their PTSD. But increasingly, it's being used as a defence in rape cases worldwide. We telling enraged graduates cost on the only of relationships, and girl the girls and men of each to heat you determine which will hafe best for you. It was connubial. One intriguing, eho "began suit at her further in a delightful, unsensual kind of way". In goblet, in 20 years of conducting sleep lots, Picture University associate professor Robert Nice has "only hitched four or else five casting pants". Of the girls asked, 11 nap of men and 4 endeavour of topics said they had every in peolle behaviors while extended. One sleep can meek that only 7. Calabar treatment options for sexsomnia slep In a small-grabbing kitchen out of peopel UK anyhow last episode, Bill Barilli was shocked of people who have sex in their sleep his favorite because he was significance download sex tape trina. Under a later pleasing, he new hzve irrevocable sex through her business. They may also try other couples ahve rule out do hhave. Trendy indoors, I will at some time stop and go back to neckline before we've effusive. I don't staggering to have sex. Platform sleep vein J. Im truthful conditions that sooner african disruption, such as horror apnea, may also finish or resolve connections sex and rocket sexsomnia. aho
Author: Faejind
3 thoughts on "People who have sex in their sleep"
Nikobei says:
Treatment for Sleep Sex The good news is that sexsomnia is treatable. On the positive side, Mangan says, both men and women who have experienced sleep sex say they are more assertive when asleep.
Dajind says:
While most of the acts involved in the disorder are relatively benign, it could at least theoretically involve sexual assault, Oexman notes. Legal cases[ edit ] Sex offender controversies[ edit ] The number of sex offenders claiming sexsomnia as the cause of their offenses is rapidly growing.
Akisar says:
One sleep clinic reported that only 7. Partners of people with sexsomnia may also be concerned the behavior is a sign of displeasure in the relationship.


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Erica Brown (born September 7, 1966) is an American writer and educator who lectures widely on subjects of Jewish interest and is scholar-in-residence for the Jewish Federation of Greater Washington, and a consultant to other Jewish organizations. Her "Weekly Jewish Wisdom" column has appeared regularly in The Washington Post.

Biography
Brown attended the Frisch School in New Jersey. She graduated Stern College of Yeshiva University and has master's degrees from Harvard and University of London. She received her doctorate in Jewish history from Baltimore Hebrew College. Brown was a Jerusalem Fellow.

She is an Avi Chai fellow, served as an adjunct professor at American University and George Washington University and is faculty member of the Wexner Foundation. Brown lives in Maryland with her husband and four children.

Books
 Inspired Jewish Leadership: Practical Approaches to Building Strong Communities, Jewish Light Publishing, trans. by Jang-Heum Ok.  Seoul, Korea: Dong Yeon Press, 2016
 Leadership in the Wilderness: Authority & Anarchy in the Book of Numbers, Maggid Books, a Division of Koren Publishers Jerusalem, 2013
 In the Narrow Places: Daily Inspiration for the Three Weeks, Maggid Books, a Division of Koren Publishers Jerusalem, 2011
 Confronting Scandal: How Jews Can Respond When Jews Do Bad Things, Jewish Lights Publishing, 2010
 Spiritual Boredom: Rediscovering the Wonder of Judaism, Jewish Lights Publishing, 2009
 The Case for Jewish Peoplehood: Can We Be One?, by Erica Brown, Misha Galperin, and Joseph Telushkin, 2009
 Inspired Jewish Leadership: Practical Approaches to Building Strong Communities, Jewish Lights Publishing, 2008
 Seder Talk: The Conversational Haggada, Maggid Books and OU Press, 2015.

External links

1966 births
Living people
Jewish American academics
Jewish biblical scholars
Jewish educators
Stern College for Women alumni
Harvard University alumni
Alumni of the University of London
American University faculty and staff
George Washington University faculty
Female biblical scholars
21st-century Jewish biblical scholars

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Live Radio Broadcast
2019-20 COMBINED STATISTICS (PDF)
2016-17 SEASON IN PHOTOS
2019-20 GAME NOTES
2019-20 HISTORY AND RECORDS
COMPTON FAMILY ICE ARENA
2013-14 Hockey Roster
#31 Joe Rogers
Height 5'11''
Class Senior
Hometown Marysville, MI
Earned three monograms during his Notre Dame career … was the ultimate team player who worked hard to push his fellow goaltenders every day in practice … valuable member of the team who had his teammates respect because of his tremendous attitude and work ethic … outstanding student and leader in community service … born without a right hand and overcame that disability to play Division I hockey … developed his own style to compensate … used catching glove to cradle puck against chest or cover it on ice … catches with right hand which gives shooters a different look … saw action in four games during his career, playing 41:13 in those games with a 4.37 goals-against average and a .800 save percentage … winner of the CCHA[apos]s Terry Flanagan Award for 'perseverance, dedication and courage while overcoming severe adversity' following the 2012-13 season … was one of five finalists for the 2014 BNY/Mellon Wealth Management College Hockey Humanitarian Award, presented annually to college hockey[apos]s 'top citizen.'
AS A SENIOR: Saw action in two games during his senior season … was 0-0-0 and did not give up a goal in 5:49 of playing time … made one save on the lone shot he faced … played final 4:57 of the 7-1 win over Alabama Huntsville (Jan. 10), making one save as he followed freshman Chad Katunar in the contest … shared a shutout with fellow senior Steven Summerhays as he played the final 52 seconds of 2-0 win over Boston University on Senior Night (Feb. 22) … was one of five finalists for the 2014 BNY/Mellon Wealth Management College Hockey Humanitarian Award, presented annually to college hockey[apos]s 'top citizen' … winner of Notre Dame[apos]s Compton Family Leadership in Service Award for his community service efforts.
AS A JUNIOR: Did not see any playing time in 2012-13 … was selected as the winner of the CCHA[apos]s Terry Flanagan Award for 'perseverance, dedication and courage while overcoming severe adversity.'
AS A SOPHOMORE: Played in one game during the 2011-12 campaign … had a 0-0-0 record with a 7.79 goals-against average and a .600 save percentage … lone action came on Dec. 2 versus Northeastern when he came on in relief of starter Mike Johnson and back up Steven Summerhays … with Huskies leading, 7-1, came into game with 15:24 left in third period … surrendered two goals on five shots as Irish lost, 9-2.
AS A FRESHMAN: Saw action in one game as a freshman … had a 0-0-0 record with a 3.00 goals-against average and a .889 save percentage … saw first collegiate action on Dec. 29 in 10-2 win over Canisius … played the third period, giving up one goal on nine shots in relief of Steven Summerhays.
PREP & PERSONAL: Graduated from Marysville High School in Marysville, Mich. … played junior hockey in the North American Hockey League (NAHL) with the Albert Lea Thunder of the North American Hockey League (NAHL) … played in 35 games with the Thunder in `09-[apos]10, turning in a 13-19-2 record with a 3.97 goals-against average and a .891 save percentage with the NAHL expansion team … helped team to a 19-34-5 record in the league[apos]s Central Division and a playoff berth … following the season, helped USA Hockey to a bronze medal at the 2010 Amputee Hockey World Championships in Montreal, Que., where he was named the tournament[apos]s most valuable player … has played on a pair of USA Hockey national championship teams at the AAA level … in `08-[apos]09 played for Little Caesars Under-18 team that won Michigan Amateur Hockey Association (MAHA) state championship and the Under-18 national championship .. was 10-3-1 record and a 2.95 goals-against average with a .898 save percentage … in the state and national tournaments was 6-1-0 with a 1.21 goals against and a .926 save percentage … started that season with the NAHL[apos]s Motor City Machine … in `07-[apos]08 split time with the Petrolia Jets of the Western Ontario Hockey League (WOHL) and the Belle River Canadiens of the Great Lakes Junior Hockey League (GLJHL), going 10-8-1 with a 3.70 goals against a .877 save percentage … first national title came as a member of the Belle Tire AAA team as that squad won the MAHA state championship and the national Under-16 title … was 34-1-2 that year with a 1.19 goals-against average and a .939 save percentage … full name is Joseph Anthony Rogers … son of Scott and Lynne Rogers … has two younger sisters, Jena and Jacqueline … cousin, Tony Bonadio `83, played hockey at Notre Dame between 1980-83 … from the same hometown as former Irish defenseman, Derek Smith `05 … born in Port Huron, Mich. … graduated with a degree in finance from Notre Dame[apos]s Mendoza College of Business in May of 2014.
Rogers[apos] Career Statistics
Year GP/GS W-L-T Time GA GAA Saves Save Pct. Shutouts
2010-11 1/0 0-0-0 20:00 1 3.00 8 .889 0
2013-14 2/0 0-0-0 5:49 0 0.00 1 1.000 0
Totals 4/0 0-0-0 41:13 3 4.37 12 .800 0

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Governments step up economic response to coronavirus
AFPMarch 2, 2020
Governments and central banks on Monday stepped up efforts to shield the world economy from the impact of the coronavirus which experts say may have already sent growth into reverse.
Investors welcomed indications from leading central banks that they stood ready to intervene, with global stock markets shooting higher Monday after a brutal selloff last week.
US Federal Reserve boss Jerome Powell started the effort to calm market on Friday saying the US central bank "will use our tools and act as appropriate to support the economy".
On Monday, the Bank of Japan said in a rare statement that it "will strive to provide ample liquidity and ensure stability in financial markets" after the disease infected nearly 90,000 people worldwide in 68 countries and caused more than 3,000 deaths.
The Bank of England said it was monitoring the situation and working closely with domestic "as well as our international partners to ensure all necessary steps are taken to protect financial and monetary stability".
Bank of France chief Francois Villeroy de Galhau, meanwhile, said that "targeted measures" from governments to support affected businesses were more appropriate than central bank action as ample cheap money was already available to companies.
But he also told French TV station BFM that "if we need to do more and we believe that it will be effective, we could do it, but we're not there yet," he said on French TV station BFM Business.
– Call to 'act swiftly' –
Governments, meanwhile, appeared to be moving to coordinating their economic efforts to combat economic disruptions caused by the coronavirus.
G7 and eurozone finance ministers will hold conference calls on Wednesday to "coordinate their responses" to the impact of the coronavirus on the global economy, French Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire said Monday.
"We will have that meeting by phone — because you need to avoid traveling too much — for the G7 to coordinate its response," Le Maire said on France 2 television.
He said a similar meeting of eurozone finance ministers would also be held on Wednesday, adding "there will be coordinated action".
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Developmenton Monday urged governments to "act swiftly and forcefully" to overcome the outbreak and take measures to protect the incomes of vulnerable social groups and businesses.
Governments could help by providing unemployment insurance for workers placed on unpaid leave and by covering virus-related health costs for all.
Measures that reduce or delay tax or debt payments or lower energy costs for firms in hard-hit regions and sectors should be considered, the OECD said, as well as temporary reductions in the level of reserves that banks are required to hold at the central bank.
– Contraction alert –
The OECD on Monday also lowered its global GDP forecast by half a percentage point to 2.4 percent, the lowest rate since the 2008-09 financial crisis.
That forecast is based on the assumption that the epidemic peaks in China in the first quarter, and that outbreaks in other countries prove mild.
"A longer lasting and more intensive coronavirus outbreak, spreading widely throughout the Asia-Pacific region, Europe and North America, would weaken prospects considerably," the OECD warned.
"In this event, global growth could drop to 1.5 percent in 2020, half the rate projected prior to the virus outbreak," it said.
It said the global economy risked contracting in the first quarter of this year, and a top EU official said it was possible Germany and Italy could slip into recession.
Efforts to contain the virus in China have entailed quarantines and work and travel restrictions that caused delays in restarting factories after the Lunar New Year holiday, as well as sharp cutbacks in service sector activities.
Several factories in other countries have already had to slow or shutter production due to a lack of parts from Chinese suppliers, and this problem is expected to grow in the coming weeks throughout the global economy.
The global travel and tourism sectors have already been hit hard, first by a reduction of travel to and from China, and now more broadly as companies scale back travel and cancel conventions.
EU Commissioner Thierry Breton said on Monday that the EU's tourism sector had lost around a billion euros in the past month as tourists stayed away.
burs-rl/jh
Image: AFP / NOEL CELIS Coronavirus could push world economic growth into reverse
China coronavirus economic economic crisis europe G7 global economy italy pandemic stock market US virus
Global economic outlook slightly 'less gloomy,' Europe ekes out growth
'The enemy is always looking for us': Hidden in the forest, Ukraine's drone operators are crucial to the eastern battle
Chinese province drops restrictions on unmarried people having children in bid to halt plummeting birth rate


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Paul Hollywood's signature handshake 'trademarked' by Bake Off bosses with plans to launch 'hundreds of products'
Paul Hollywood's handshake will reportedly be printed on a range of products (Picture: Channel 4)
Great British Bake Off bosses have reportedly trademarked Paul Hollywood's signature handshake.
The TV chef's congratulatory gesture holds the same momentum as getting a 10 from Craig Revel Horwood on Strictly Come Dancing, and now creators are planning to have the gesture printed on 'hundreds of products'.
'This isn't just a reflection of the ongoing popularity of Paul but the continual success story that is the Bake Off,' an insider told The Sun.
'It launched in 2010 but 12 years later, it's still going strong and the creators, Love Productions, are still growing the brand.'
The source also claimed the move will be a big hit with fans of Paul, who judges the show alongside Prue Leith.
The list of products includes everything from kitchen knives, video games and food processors to skateboards, kitchen roll, oven gloves and even underwear.
Giuseppe Dell'Anno won the latest series (Picture: Channel 4)
Meanwhile, last month it was revealed Channel 4 has agreed to a new deal with Love Productions to retain the rights to the competition series until 2024, after poaching the contest from BBC.
Love Productions has also been working behind spin-off shows, including The Great Celebrity Bake Off and Junior Bake Off.
Love Productions chief executive, Richard McKerrow said: 'We are delighted to have extended 'Bake Off's stay on Channel 4 for another three years.'
The latest series saw Italian baker Giuseppe Dell'Anno being crowned winner beat Crystelle Pereira and Chigs Parmar to the title after nine weeks of intense baking competition.
The show, which is presented by Noel Fielding and Matt Lucas, returned for a festive special which featured the cast of It's A Sin.
A new group of amateur bakers will gather under the Bake Off tent for endless dessert-based challenges again this year.
The Great British Bake Off is available to watch on All4.
Channel 4Paul HollywoodThe Great British Bake Offtv
Katie Price accidentally smashes pot on roof in hectic first look at Channel 4 home renovation series Mucky Mansion
Stranger Things fans think they've worked out season 4 release after phone number leads to cryptic clue
Dame Judi Dench left baffled as she's asked if she would replace Jodie Whittaker on Doctor Who
BBC's Happy Valley share big cast update along with first look at...
And Just Like That fans go wild as Harry goes full frontal...


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Q: Checking distribution of raster layer using ArcGIS Desktop I am using ArcGIS Desktop.
How do I see if my layer has a normal distribution in order to standardize it?
I have calculated statistics, but have not been able to see how my data is distributed.

A: Here is one approach using Python's Rasterio and Scipy. In ArcGIS, you can use RasterToNumPyArray to convert your raster data to a numpy array, which you can further analyze with Scipy. You can see from the histogram that that none of the bands in this 4 band image are normally distributed. In fact this is very common with remotely sensed data. To further test to see if the bands follow a normal distribution use scipy.stats.normaltest in Scipy (see code below)

import rasterio
from rasterio.plot import show_hist
from scipy import stats

# Open GeoTIFF
src = rasterio.open("/path/to/myimage.tif")

# Plot histogram to visualize distribution
show_hist(
    src, bins=50, lw=0.0, stacked=False, alpha=0.3,
    histtype='stepfilled', title="Histogram")

# Now read band arrays for stats
b1 = src.read(1).flatten()
b2 = src.read(2).flatten()
b3 = src.read(3).flatten()
b4 = src.read(4).flatten()

def norm_test(band):
    k2, p = stats.normaltest(band)
    return k2, p

count = 1 # To get the band number
for band in [b1,b2,b3,b4]:
    alpha = 1e-3 # Alpha value 0.001 alpha value for hypothesis test
    p_value = norm_test(band)[1]
    if p_value < alpha:  # null hypothesis: x comes from a normal distribution
        print("The null hypothesis can be rejected for {0}".format("band {0}".format(count)))
    else:
        print("The null hypothesis cannot be rejected for {0}".format("band {0}".format(count)))
    count += 1

Output:
The null hypothesis can be rejected for band 1
The null hypothesis can be rejected for band 2
The null hypothesis can be rejected for band 3
The null hypothesis can be rejected for band 4

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This review describes current and new therapeutic agonists and antagonists of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) currently used in the clinic. GPCRs are classified under the GRAFS system (Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/taste2 and Secretin), with therapies having been developed for about 30 GPCRs from the glutamate, rhodopsin and secretin families. Most of these therapies target the biogenic amine receptors of the rhodopsin family. Advancing technology has assisted in the identification of an increasing number of GPCRs, as well as contributing to the understanding of function and potential as pharmaceutical targets. With this has come the development of new therapies that target specific GPCRs, including peptide activated GPCRs. Where possible, agonists and antagonists are described individually, focusing on new therapies and their corresponding target receptors. However, the large number of reported biogenic amine therapies precludes, discussion of individual compounds and instead, they are discussed in relation to the receptor pharmacophore. Despite the large number of significant physiological responses known to be mediated by GPCRs, only about 4% of known GPCRs are currently targeted by therapeutics. This provides a great number of promising new targets for pharmaceutical development.
National School of Pharmacy,University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.


text:
Commonwealth Games 2014: How to make the most of the Games that only come around once ever four years
The Commonwealth Games doesn't come around very often so when it does, you need to make sure you get the most out of it
Matthew SouthcombeRugby Audience Editor
Team Wales' medal hopes for the 2014 Commonwealth Games
I often think that the Commonwealth Games doesn't get the credit it deserves and is forever living in the shadow of the Olympics.
But there's no reason why that should be the case, it's the same athletes and it's the same sports, so it should be just as exciting and you won't want to miss any of it.
There are certain things that you absolutely must do in order to get the most out of your Commonwealth Games experience...
1. Set reminders on your phone
There is nothing worse than missing your favourite event, and we are always checking our mobiles, they go everywhere with us.
Set yourself a reminder for when your number one athlete is on track or when your must-see event is about to get underway.
You'll never miss another event!
More on the Commonwealth Games...
When do the games start? What you need to know about this summer's big event
The top events that I will definitely be tuning in to watch this summer
When the Games came to Cardiff... 23 nostalgic images from over 50 years ago
2. Get up for it
Just because you're somebody who doesn't usually follow athletics or a certain sport at the Commonwealth Games doesn't mean that you shouldn't well and truly throw yourself in to the Commonwealth Games.
If you're passionate about something you'll enjoy it, and we all like shouting at the television, encouraging our favourite athletes!
3. Learn about the Games
It's difficult to get involved in something that you don't really know about, the way around this is to learn.
Read the news, preferably WalesOnline, and find out what's going on.
Who's competing and when, find out what's so brilliant about the games and why it's so entertaining.


text:
Tag: white working class
Why Those White Working Class Votes Still Matter
Mark Shields
Joe Biden has reason to be proud; in the last 107 years, only three American presidential nominees have managed to defeat an elected, incumbent president who was seeking a second term. Let history show that the winning trio were all politically gifted leaders who became successful presidents: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton.
That is fairly awesome company for Regular Joe to be joining. But Democrats already impatiently waiting for "Hail to the Chief" to be played for one of their own would be wise to confront a sobering reality from the Nov. 3 returns: White, working-class men who represent 1 out of 3 presidential voters and who formed the electoral backbone of the winning coalitions that elected FDR, Harry Truman and John F. Kennedy preferred Republican Donald Trump, now of Mar-a-Lago, Florida, over Joe Biden, a son of Scranton, Pennsylvania.
The first — and the worst — reaction of more than a few Democrats to this unwelcome news is an indifferent shrug followed by some variation of, "What do you expect?" After all, the condescending analysis goes, these guys are the modern-day versions of Archie Bunker, neither racially enlightened nor welcoming to the inevitable march of social progress. The Democrats' obvious problem with blue-collar male voters is as much one of attitude as it is of issues or programs.
Forgotten is the human reality of who these voters are. They are overwhelmingly the Americans who enlist in the Marine Corps and the U.S. armed forces and who fight and, too often, die in the service of our nation. For them and their families, war is not some policy abstraction to be debated in seminars or committee hearing rooms; it is a daily and very personal matter of life and death.
We all honor the 343 New York firefighters who, on Sept. 11, to save the lives of strangers from the doomed Twin Towers, marched bravely into the fires of hell and the jaws of death. Demographically, these heroes, too, were mostly white males without a college degree. Democrats have forgotten their roots; they flourished as a shot-and-a beer party — yes, Joe Six-Pack — not arguing whether the Sauvignon Blanc is sensitive enough.
It is, let us remember, those same white working-class nongraduates who were the economic casualties of globalization. It was their well-paying union jobs, great health care, generous paid vacations and pensions that disappeared along with their hometown factories and left in their wake deserted downtowns and shrinking economic horizons for their children.
The modern Democratic Party was created in the Great Depression, after self-reliance and independence were found wanting to relieve the hunger and poverty that stalked the nation and scarred its families, to guarantee the opportunity for work to those who were able, to guarantee security for the old and the disabled. It was — and remains — a noble mission.
The words of a great American president, not a Democrat, are to be read and heeded by Democrats and all Americans: "Labor is prior to and independent of capital. Capital is only the fruit of labor, and could never have existed if labor had not first existed. Labor is the superior of capital, and deserves much the higher consideration." Thank you, Abraham Lincoln.
To find out more about Mark Shields and read his past columns, visit the Creators Syndicate webpage at www.creators.com.
New Study Reveals Crucial Element Of Trump's Base
Alex Henderson
Reprinted with permission from Alternet
Much has been written about President Donald Trump's appeal among downscale white voters who live in the American Rust Belt. One of the most famous lines of Trump's 2016 campaign was "I love the poorly educated," and he continues to enjoy strong support among white males without a college degree.
But New York Times columnist Thomas B. Edsall stresses that there is one group that the media often overlook when analyzing Trump's base of support: whites who have a higher income but lack a college degree.
The phrase "downscale whites" has often been used in connection with Trump's base. But Edsall, analyzing a recent report from political scientists Herbert Kitschelt and Philipp Rehm, stresses that it is quite possible for whites who never went to college to have a higher income — not wealthy, but comfortably middle class.
And those who fit that description are an important part of Trump's base.
"Perhaps most significant, Kitschelt and Rehm found that the common assumption that the contemporary Republican Party has become crucially dependent on the white working class — defined as whites without college degrees — is overly simplistic," Edsall explains. "Instead, Kitschelt and Rehm find that the surge of whites into the Republican Party has been led by whites with relatively high incomes."
And those higher-income whites, Edsall stresses, don't necessarily have college degrees.
"High-income whites without college degrees were swing voters 60 years ago, pursued by both parties," Edsall notes. "Now, they are rock-ribbed Republicans."
In an e-mail, Kitschelt told Edsall, "Unlike much of the current debate, the 'white working class' — concentrated in the low-education/low-income sector of the white population — is not the category that has most ardently realigned toward Republicans. It's higher income/low-education whites who are currently still doing well, but fear that in the Knowledge Society, their life chances are shrinking as high education becomes increasingly the ticket to economic and social success."
Nonetheless, Edsall notes, low-income whites without college degrees are still an important part of Trump's base.
"In the 1950s and '60s," Edsall recalls, "low-income whites without degrees formed the base of the Democratic Party. Now, this group leans Republican."
Meanwhile, Edsall reports, another demographic has become increasingly important to the Democratic Party: whites who are college-educated but low-income. That demographic was almost unheard of 60 or 70 years ago, when a college degree practically guaranteed a decent income.
"Two generations ago, there were almost no low-income whites with college degrees, a group that made up 1.5 percent of white voters in 1952," Edsall observes. "These voters were a swing bloc without firm commitment to either party. By 2016, this constituency had grown to form 14.3 percent of all voters. They have, in turn, become the most loyal white Democratic constituency."
Looking ahead to 2020, Edsall asserts that the next presidential race "may well prove to be a base-vs.-base election." But he quickly adds that "the outcome may lie in the hands of the substantial proportion of the electorate that is undecided: 7 percent, according to Pew."
Danziger: Hombre Of The People
Data Show Most Trump Voters Were Middle Income, Not 'Working Class'
Celisa Calacal
In the months since Donald Trump's stunning presidential victory, media outlets have obsessed over his voters—who they are and what their motivations might have been. Many have credited his win to "working-class whites," a segment of society that has been laid low by opioid addiction and income inequality, in part because it made a compelling narrative.
The data tell a different story. According to an analysis by the Washington Post, Trump's voting bloc was primarily comprised of middle- and upper-income Americans. An NBC poll of Trump voters from March 2016 showed that only one-third of his supporters had incomes lower than $50,000, while the other two-thirds made more than $50,000.
A similar trend arose in the general election as well. According to the American National Election Study, 35 percent of people who said they voted for Trump had household incomes under $50,000. The other two-thirds of Trump voters "came from the better-off half of the economy."
Another component of the "working-class whites" narrative was the lack of a college education among most Trump voters, as 69 percent of his supporters in the general election did not have a college degree. But polling data from NBC also showed that about 70 percent of Republicans had not graduated from a college or university, so that number was not an aberration.
It is also the case that the lack of a college degree is not intrinsically tied to a person's income—less education does not necessarily equate to being a member of the poor or working class. Only 25 percent of Trump voters were white people without college degrees making below the $50,000 median income. In fact, nearly 60 percent of white Trump voters without college degrees were making over $50,000, placing them in the "top-half of income distribution." Data also show that one in five Trump voters actually made over $100,000 in household income, again exposing gaping holes in the narrative that the white working-class is mostly responsible for Trump's win.
Celisa Calacal is a junior writing fellow for AlterNet. She is a senior journalism major and legal studies minor at Ithaca College in Ithaca, New York. Previously she worked at ThinkProgress and served as an editor for Ithaca College's student newspaper. Follow her at @celisa_mia.
IMAGE: Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump appears at a campaign rally in Miami, Florida, September 16, 2016. REUTERS/Mike Segar
Sorry, Liberals. We Have To Talk About Economics — And Race.
@Lolgop Lolgop
Two conclusions about Donald Trump's highly offensive and obviously effective campaign for president are undeniable.
He was the first Republican in decades to compellingly speak to the economic concerns of at least some workers, though he did so by making heartbreakingly impossible promises and with a plan no economist, in a recent survey of experts, believes will help the middle class. And he played to white identity politics in an unabashed way that dragged the old, barely coded racial appeals of "law and order" and "the silent majority" into the 21st century — while updating them with attacks on immigrants and Muslims that once would have gotten you banned from a decent message board.
Some on the left want Democrats to ignore the racial appeals implicit in Trump's campaign and focus almost entirely on a populist economic agenda that will help all workers, as the Democratic agenda did effectively for generations. There have been several variations on the theme but they're probably best summed up by the headline for a column David Paul Kuhn wrote in the New York Times: "Sorry, Liberals. Bigotry Didn't Elect Donald Trump."
But to insist that Trump's fans must be blazing bigots for race to have been a deciding factor in the 2016 election plays exactly into the right's strategy of hollowing out the middle class. According to IanHaney-López, UC Berkeley law professor and author of the essential Dog Whistle Politics, that strategy uses identity politics to generate "broad popular support for politicians and policies that transfer our nation's wealth to the new robber barons."
It's a "false choice" to suggest Democrats must chose between "pocket book" issues and so-called "identity" politics, Haney-López argues: "To say that racial aggrievement fuels American electoral politics is not to say that America is a country of bigots."
We "play into conservatives' hands," he writes, when we let them get away with the notion that "racism must look like a Klan hood and burning cross."
Trump never used racial slurs and was, for instance, forced to back off explicitly racial attacks on Judge Curiel's Mexican heritage. He hastened to add "Some, I assume are good people," immediately after suggesting that millions of Mexican immigrants were rapists and criminals. Those hedges reveal that there was a method to what some Democrats called his madness.
"When progressives understand race solely in terms of bigotry — or shy away from talking about racism because it's a fraught conversation —they play into conservative [strategies]," Lopez says. We can't deny that "Trump made race a cornerstone of his appeal," even if there are examples of Obama voters becoming Trump voters.
"Focusing on the Obama-Trump voter is less a successful rebuttal than a form of denial," Haney says, noting that the phenomenon ignores factors like sexism and voters' tendency to vote for the "change" candidate. Most importantly that voter represents "a tiny slice of the electorate," likely less than 7 percent, which is almost irrelevant compared to Trump's success at mobilizing white voters who hadn't turned out in previous elections and Democrats' failure to mobilize non-white voters who had.
Even Kuhn acknowledges that racism "appeared more concentrated among Trump voters," while assigning Trump's success to other factors.
Understanding how Trump and the GOP effectively use race requires seeing that the right is "waging a culture war around gender, elitism, and especially race, using coded and not so coded terms to trigger strong resentments." This is specifically designed to persuade white voters to cast ballots that are not only against their interests but suicidal for the middle class.
Yes, the economic anxiety many Trump voters felt is real and must be addressed. But addressing that anxiety exclusively would be a big mistake, according to Haney-López, because "it assumes that economic pain comes first, and so, it implies that finances are more fundamental than scapegoating."
Racial resentment has made the rigged economy we all live in now possible.
The parties have not switched their polarities from the North to the South, and the GOP didn't become a party that is 90 percent white with 98 percent white elected officials by accident, Haney-López notes.
So how do we begin to change this?
Ignoring racism and focusing solely on economics helps the GOP, and that won't even be an option considering whom Trump's policies will target, Greg Sargent argues.
But Haney-López asserts that the Democratic Party presenting itself as "a coalition of minorities, each with discrete identities but united by a few shared interests" won't reverse the trends that have fed massive inequality either.
Instead, we need to tackle the right's white identity politics for what it is: a scam against the entire American working class.
"To regain control of government, progressives must directly address the divide-and-conquer politics employed by the right," Haney-López says. "This doesn't mean blaming white men for being racist or sexist, nor does it mean neglecting economic issues."
It puts the burden on the left to invest in outreach that speaks to economic pain and explains explicitly how the right's agenda is a scam to pit workers of all races against each other, while millionaires and billionaires suck up all the growth of the economy and almost exclusively benefit from Trump's agenda, starving the American Dream.
Watch the income distribution in America change pic.twitter.com/WS80BT2UlT
— Conrad Hackett (@conradhackett) December 18, 2016
"Democrats must re-tell the story of the last 50 years, emphasizing how race and other culture-war issues have been used to divide and conquer," Haney-López says. "This is fundamentally a story of shared interests and a common enemy."
He's been making this argument for years. But now that Democrats have seen and all of America will soon see the destructiveness of unchecked white identity politics, maybe we'll all start to listen.
Sorry, but we can't afford not to.
The Invention Of The 'White Working Class'
Les Leopold
Reprinted with permission from AlterNet.
History warns us to be very, very careful when using the phrase "white working class." The reason has nothing to do with political correctness. Rather, it concerns the changing historical definitions of who is "white."
Eduardo Porter in the New York Times, uses this construction to ask, "Did the white working class vote its economic interests?" He claims that current data shows white people losing out to blacks and Hispanics in getting their fair share of the new jobs created since 2007:
"Despite accounting for less than 15 percent of the labor force, Hispanics got more than half of the net additional jobs. Blacks and Asians also gained millions more jobs than they lost. But whites, who account for 78 percent of the labor force, lost more than 700,000 net jobs over the nine years."
Porter further argues this is happening because blacks and Hispanics live mostly in the thriving urban areas while most white people live in declining rural areas.
Only 472 counties voted for Hillary Clinton on Election Day. But ….they account for 64 percent of the nation's economic activity. The 2,584 counties where Mr. Trump won, by contrast, generated only 36 percent of America's prosperity.
Porter therefore believes that the white working class flocked to Trump as a way to protest their economic decline.
But this conclusion is flawed:
Neither the studies nor Porter provide a definition of "white working class." Is it all white people? Does it include management? Professionals? We're not told.
Nor do they provide any evidence that the actual work experiences of white and black working people are starkly different no matter how the class is defined.
Rural America, also, is not lily white. Hispanics and African Americans make up a total of 17.5% of rural and small town America.
Further, the research grounding my book Runaway Inequality shows that working people as a whole (defined as the 85 percent of us who are production and non-supervisory employees) have seen their real wages fall since the late 1970s — all shades, all colors.
Finally, most of the new jobs created are low-wage, part-time service sector jobs — jobs that often pay poverty wages. As the Wall Street Journal reported in 2015, "More than 40% of the jobs added in just the past year have come in generally lower-paying fields such as food service, retail and temporary help." So getting the lion's share of these jobs is not a pathway to prosperity.
Dog Whistle Whites
What these studies and reports do accomplish however is to sound the latest dog whistle about race in America. They create an image in our minds of a coherent white working class, hunkered down in the declining manufacturing sector — white rural workers who have needs and interests different from black and brown urban workers. In doing so, this image feeds into a long history of white working class creationism that divides working people by race.
An early instance of this process took place in the aftermath of Bacon's rebellion (1675), during which Nathanial Bacon united black slaves, and white indentured servants into a rebellious army against Virginia planter elites. (It was less than a noble enterprise in that Bacon wanted more government attacks against Native Americans.) After the rebellion was put down, plantation owners gave special privileges to poor whites in order to drive a wedge between them and black slaves. It worked.
A dramatic redefinition of "white" took place during the late 19th and early 20th centuries as mass immigration and colonialization expanded. So called race scientists studied cranial size and shapes, skin color, and hair texture to create a biology of race. By 1911, the U.S. Immigration Commission published its Dictionary of Races or Peoples, that listed 29 separate races. The Southern Italian race, for example, is described as "excitable, impulsive, highly imaginative…having little adaptability to highly organized society."
Race science defined "white" as a narrow category that excluded virtually everyone who didn't come from northern Europe. By the First World War, U.S. immigration policy was informed by early IQ tests given to immigrants on Ellis Island that supposedly showed that "87% of Russians, 83% of Jews, 80% of Hungarians, and 79% of Italians were feeble-minded."
Management "Race Science"
These race scientists created a vast hierarchy of races seen in the chart below designed for a Pittsburgh steel company in 1926. It is based on the idea that each "race" by its intrinsic nature possesses certain skills and attributes that makes it suitable to certain work tasks.
This "science" provided the rationale for dividing the workforce by ethnic group which had the added virtue of weakening worker solidarity and keeping unions at bay. This became particularly acute after 4 million workers went on strike at the end of WWI. The largest strike involved 350,000 steel workers that finally collapsed after 14 weeks of pitched battles. It is highly likely that the skills chart was designed to prevent such a resurgence.
(One can only speculate why the Jewish "race" was placed at the bottom of the hierarchy. One reason may be because two of the largest unions in the country — the Amalgamated Clothing Workers and the International Ladies Garment Workers Union were Jewish led and contained hundreds of thousands of Jewish immigrant workers. So if you hired Jewish workers into the steel industry, the odds were high they might be predisposed to unionism or be union plants.)
The Whitening of America
A confluence of events rapidly changed the definition of white in the1930s and 40s. The rise of American industrial unionism successfully organized "unskilled" immigrant workers, blacks and Hispanics into broad-based unions. So much for the race chart.
The mobilization for WWII further melded together all the "lower" ethnic groups except for black, brown and yellow. And after the atrocities at the Nazi death camps were revealed, the earlier race science industry was thoroughly discredited.
What causes the definition of race to change?
The definition of "white" and of "race" in general depends on the needs of the most powerful elements of society. To justify slavery and Jim Crow, race science gave Southern elites a justification for denying human rights to millions with darker skin colors.
The "science" of the early 1900s created finely grained racial hierarchies that conveniently justified immigration restrictions and colonialism. Colonial powers argued that since their "race" was at the top of the ladder, they had the right and the duty to rule lesser peoples and their countries.
To successfully mobilize America against the "master race" and the "yellow peril" during WWII, American leaders permitted "white" to be broadened to include most of what previously had been considered lesser races. (However, racist South Democrats and their lock-down control of Congress, made sure that black and brown people were denied New Deal benefits and therefore would continue to suffer as separate races. The Japanese interment camps further heightened the idea of a separate race of "Orientals.")
So what color is Obama?
White mother, black father means you are black? White? Half-black? Half white?
That kind of question leads us to think about race as a biological as well as a sociological category. Skin color is real biology isn't it? And what about sickle-cell anemia?
But folk science is not real science. One in 13 African-American babies is born with a sickle-cell trait. Sickle cell trait can also affect Hispanics, South Asians, Caucasians from southern Europe, and people from Middle Eastern countries.
Similarly, every effort to construct a black or white race through genetics has failed. No one yet has found a gene that signals a separate race.
Here's a fact of life that may startle you. Eighty-five percent of all genetic variation is among people within a population and only 15 percent of the variation among humans is between different populations and continents. This means that any two black people chosen at random will have far more genetic differences from each other than a randomly selected white and a black person. Biologically speaking the old cliché is true: There is only one race — the human race.
What is Race?
Over a century ago, W.E.B. Dubois put forth perhaps the clearest, most exact definition of race: "A Negro is a person who must ride Jim Crow in Georgia"
He understood, as should we, that race always is a social construction, a human invention used to create a hierarchy of power. It is not genetics. It is not biology. And in the case of the "white working class" it's not even accurate sociology.
When we invent the white working class, we whitewash an increasingly diverse manufacturing workforce. Take the workforce at Carrier, which is in the news because of Trump's effort to prevent its jobs from moving to Mexico. Isn't it a perfect example of a beleaguered and declining white working class in Indiana, looking to Trump for help?
No, the Carrier workforce is 50 percent African-American. Half of the assembly line workers are women. Burmese immigrants make up 10 percent of the employees.
Drop the dubious "white working class" construction and we'll see that Porter is asking the wrong question. It's not whether the imagined white working class voted for its own economic interests by voting for Trump.
Rather, the real question is this: Is it even possible for working people of all kinds to vote their economic interests given the corporate orientation of both parties?
Les Leopold, the director of the Labor Institute, is currently working with unions and community organizations to build the educational infrastructure for a new anti-Wall Street movement.
IMAGE: Worker Marilyn MacKay assembles a rifle at the Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc. gun factory in Newport, New Hampshire, in this January 6, 2012 file photo. REUTERS/Eric Thayer/Files
The End Of 'Identity Liberalism'? It Can't Happen Too Soon
Gene Lyons
Amid the climate of disbelief and fear among Democrats following Donald Trump's election, a fascinating debate has broken out about what's called "identity politics" on the left, "political correctness" by the right.
And about damn time, I say. The kind of race- and gender-based moral bullying prevalent on many college campuses and in certain media outlets has been extremely damaging to the Democratic Party.
My only fear is that the argument will be too polite. Sometimes, people just need to get smacked right between the eyes. Anyway, the whole thing was started by an essay by Columbia University historian Mark Lilla called "The End of Identity Liberalism" in the New York Times.
"In recent years," Lilla writes "American liberalism has slipped into a kind of moral panic about racial, gender and sexual identity that has distorted liberalism's message and prevented it from becoming a unifying force capable of governing." Instead of the Democratic Party's core message of inclusion—all for one, and one for all—we're fed a seemingly endless list of grievances and a litany of blame.
That certainly wasn't the message Hillary Clinton wanted to send. Her traditionally Democratic campaign slogan, after all, was "Stronger Together." On the stump, however, she most often directed her rhetoric to discrete categories of voters: African-American, Latino, LGBT, women, etc. Anybody, it sometimes seemed, but the one group that can't be named.
They noticed. "If you are going to mention groups in America," Lilla warns "you had better mention all of them. If you don't, those left out will notice and feel excluded. Which, as the data show, was exactly what happened with the white working class."
Bill Clinton used to bore pundits and attract voters with great laundry lists of specific policies addressing their needs. Hillary spent her energy and advertising dollars warning against the impending catastrophe that is Donald Trump—something this column also did plenty of. One result, however, was that ordinary voters across wide swaths of the country concluded that she had nothing to offer them. They're wrong, but you can see how they got the idea.
Just so you know what we're up against, here's how the top-rated comment about Lilla's article on the Times website began: "This article is insulting to people who are not cisgendered, heterosexual white men. Identity is not something which can be quietly set aside in pursuit of common goals, since historically those goals were set by and for white men."
Sorry, professor, you lost me at "cisgendered." That's academic cant for somebody with hair on his chest who thinks he's a man. (And no, I can't be sure the author's a professor, but it'd be more alarming to think that anybody capable of emitting such gibberish had escaped the campus and wanders at large.) Too often, an obsession with tolerance has created an intolerance of its own.
If you don't understand how such nonsense is creating young Republicans by the truckload, you're not paying attention. As one of my smarter friends has observed, it also "tends to paralyze young Democrats. How can you work for social change when everybody is limited to their own class/race/gender?"
Well, you can't. My own experience has been that trying to reason with identity-obsessed social justice warriors is like being mobbed by crows—not so much harmful as exhausting. In practice, there are few ideas more illiberal than the notion that demography is destiny.
Try reading Until Proven Innocent, Stuart Taylor and K.C. Johnson's book on the infamous Duke University lacrosse team rape hoax, for a scary example of this kind of thinking in action. To a noisy minority of Duke's faculty, the falsely accused athletes were guilty simply by virtue of being, yes, "cisgendered, heterosexual white men." Most held to that conviction long after the lacrosse players' complete innocence became clear.
One unintentional result of such episodes, as Michelle Goldberg writes in Slate, has been "the politics of cultural revenge delivered by a billionaire in a gold-plated airplane." She worries that Trumpism will lead to a new Dark Age descending over America's racial and sexual minorities, and that "the focus of left-of-center politics in the dark years to come must be on protecting the groups of people who are targets precisely because of their identities."
Maybe so, although I suspect such fears are overblown. I'd never deny that being a straight white man has eased my way. But I didn't create the world either, and I'm a Democrat precisely because I do believe we're all in this together. A politics rooted predominantly in race, gender and cultural identity invariably leads to tribalism—the great enemy of democracy.
As Lilla reminds us, "the first identity movement in American politics was the Ku Klux Klan."
He's correct: to succeed, Democrats need to address "Americans as Americans," as citizens sharing common interests and the necessary protections of the rule of law.
IMAGE: U.S. Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton takes a selfie with supporters during a campaign rally in Kissimmee, Florida, U.S. August 8, 2016. REUTERS/Chris Keane
The Uncertain Future Of The Working-Class
A best-selling sports book, The Boys in the Boat, describes the unlikely path of working-class blokes to gold-medal glory at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. There's lots about rowing, but what struck this reader most was author Daniel James Brown's account of the tough lot of laborers in the Northwest during the Great Depression.
This is a Seabiscuit story starring humans instead of a horse. What the University of Washington rowing team had in common with the unpromising small stallion was their status as rugged Westerners who, through grit and brutal work, bested the fancy athletes of the East.
These were men who worked all day and into the night with their hands. They farmed, mined, fished, logged. They lost fingers. They grew their own food with their hands and, for entertainment after dinner, used their hands to make music on guitars.
One heard echoes of Jack London's youth as a "work beast" two generations before in Northern California. At age 13, the future novelist put in 18-hour days at a cannery. London never overcame his rage at having been forced into unremitting toil for dirt wages.
One of the boys in the boat was Joe Rantz, who, even as a champion rower, never got over his feeling of being "utterly disposable." Rantz's family moved away, telling the young teen not to join them. Rantz carried trays up and down hills to a cookhouse to put breakfast in his stomach.
The Depression was as depressing in Seattle as everywhere else. How did guys such as Rantz get through? A combination of resolve, work ethic and government programs. Through the Civilian Conservation Corps, Rantz lucked into a job laying asphalt for the new Olympic Highway. He also found work on another federal project, the Grand Coulee Dam.
The hardships facing today's distressed working class don't hold a candle to the life-and-death struggles these men faced. Nowadays, working Americans have far higher expectations regarding quality of life. But men who work with their hands these days seem less hopeful.
There is nothing Donald Trump can do to stop the automation of factory work. And a sloppy renunciation of trade agreements would kill far more jobs than it would save, economists say.
The Boys in the Boat is, at bottom, a history about a sport. But the stories suggest at least two plausible ways to enhance economic security for blue-collar America. One, noted above, is a giant federal program to build and fix the infrastructure. Trump campaigned on that. Whether small-government conservatives so opposed to stimulus spending will let that happen remains to be seen.
The other follows the trajectory of George Pocock, the master builder of racing sculls. A product of the English working class, Pocock learned boat building from his father. The art of turning trees into sleek sculls didn't require a university-type education, though in many ways, it took a far more advanced skill set.
Pocock derived enormous pride from his work. For him, the product was all, and he would not make more boats than he could make with perfection and beauty.
"No one will ask you how long it took to build," he said. "They will only ask who built it."
Mass-market sculls, as with other boats, have since moved to plastic. But there remains a cultlike devotion to the wooden works of boat-building art. As long as it lasts, there will be a need for the Pocock type of boatmaker.
Likewise, there remains a dedicated clientele for handmade furniture and guitars and sweaters. The labor going into these products must be paid for, and the laborers must be paid well. Skilled hands can do a lot more than tap at screens.
IMAGE: Hillary Clinton greets workers at Munster Steel in Hammond, Indiana, United States, April 26, 2016. REUTERS/Jim Young
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BOOST&Co invests significant amount to support northern and Scottish SMEs
The lender has already seen potential deals worth close to £1bn in these areas since the start of the year
2 September 2021 - Ria Hopkinson
BOOST&Co has increased its investment in businesses in the north of England and Scotland following heightened demand for alternative forms of funding. With awareness of alternative growth solutions rising among companies in the region, the lender has been able to extend its funding to firms in thriving sectors such as technology, media and telecommunications (TMT).
In March, BOOST&Co hired three new principals to join its northern team, led by Ryan Sorby, head of the north and Scotland. The lender has invested £64m, across 19 deals, in UK businesses since its Manchester office opened, and has lent £20m since the northern team's recent expansion, providing much-needed access to funding for companies and cementing BOOST&Co's presence in the north west, Yorkshire, the north east and Scotland.
BOOST&Co has also been named in a shortlist of six contenders for the Funder of the Year prize at the 2021 North West Rainmaker Awards, which are due to be announced on Thursday 9 September.
With experts on the ground, the lender has been able to support the growing number of businesses that are strongly aligned with the aims of the Northern Powerhouse, including companies that will support digital transformation in the region. BOOST&Co has further ambitions to expand its portfolio and is also actively seeking to bring more experience into the team, to further diversify its lending appetite to a broader range of end markets and transaction types.
BOOST&Co offers loans ranging from £1m to £10m, covering a wide range of sectors, with a strong track record in TMT. The independent asset manager has funded more than £500m across more than 130 deals, and provided close to £200m under the government's CBILS initiative to support SMEs during Covid-19.
'Strong entrepreneurial spirit'
Ryan Sorby, head of the north and Scotland at BOOST&Co, says: "There are still challenges for many, but in general, the business landscape in the north is flourishing, and we're seeing some exciting and impressive businesses looking to scale across the region.
"However, many companies here are still unaware of the opportunities available to them through alternative funding routes. The strong entrepreneurial spirit in the region is very much aligned with our ethos, so we're really happy to be able to support their ambitions and provide even more firms with the capital they need to expand, often providing a bespoke structure for the borrower.
"Since the growth of our team, there has been a real opportunity for us to offer high-quality funding to even more SMEs across the north and Scotland. We've seen funding opportunities of well over £850m already this year, showing that there is a significant demand. As we continue to expand and the calibre of northern businesses continues to rise, it's an exciting time for companies here to feel supported and to achieve their potential."
Find out more about BOOST&Co's growth loans here
Call Ryan on 07784 231378, email him or connect with him on LinkedIn
Meet the team: the new leaders making Growth Lending into a major player
Changing the face of venture debt: In discussion with BOOST&Co's illustrator, Eli H. Han
BOOST&Co isn't your standard investment firm – we'


By comparison to the high-stepping confidence of the Gershwin tunes, Copland's "Quiet City," originally written for a failed play, reflects another, more contemplative aspect of the American character. One reading holds that the longing and unfulfilled aspirations evoked by this piece warn of the consequences of not being true to one's self, an ever-present danger in a fast-moving, ambitious society. Perhaps. However one interprets "Quiet City" (if it needs any interpretation at all) there's no denying the work's beauty, the result of a perfect balance between string orchestra and two soloists on trumpet and oboe.
Throughout his remarks, Steven Schick notes the empathy and intricate interplay between the various sections of the orchestra, by turns tempestuous and serene as required by the score, and the absolute need to serve the music and the composers.
Since its inception 15 years ago, UC San Diego Jazz Camp has stayed focused on a single goal: ensuring the continued vitality of jazz music by identifying, instructing, and nurturing new talent. The camp accepts students ranging in age from 14 to adult, and from a variety of educational or vocational backgrounds. Prior to attending the camp, students attend placement auditions based upon which they are assigned to one of two proficiency levels, intermediate and advanced. Most of the camp's instruction is designed for one of these levels.
The camp's faculty is made up of internationally renowned musicians who are experts in a variety of jazz stylings, from be-bop to contemporary open-form. The rigorous and immersive curriculum covers a broad range of topics and techniques, including Jazz Improvisation, Listening to Jazz, Master Classes, and individual lessons. There is a particular emphasis on jazz as a performance-oriented art form through participation in small ensembles and informal jam sessions, and attendance at faculty concerts.
The week's activities culminate in a finale concert in which all students perform as a member of an ensemble under the supervision of a faculty member. Concert sets feature an assortment of instrumental combinations and an eclectic repertoire that includes standards as well as new compositions by faculty and students. Each student gains valuable performance experience and an opportunity to shine in front of a supportive and appreciative audience. In turn, audience members have the opportunity to witness some fine young musicians at the start of their career and older musicians embarking on a new chapter.
Watch UC San Diego Jazz Camp 2017 and explore the archive.
Renowned musician Steven Schick and award-winning environmentalist/author Barry Lopez may seem like an unlikely pairing until you consider the long history of nature's influence on art, including music. From Vivaldi's "Four Seasons" through Beethoven's "Pastoral" Symphony and Debussy's "La Mer" to the works of Vaughan Williams, Olivier Messiaen, and John Cage (to name but a few), contemplation of the natural environment has provided inspiration to generations of composers.
In the course of their talk the two men are able to cross the interstice that lays between their backgrounds – Schick's as an Iowa farm boy and Lopez's as the product of a New York upbringing – to find common ground in a philosophy that rejects an elitist or isolationist view of art, instead placing it firmly in the context of broader worldly concerns (e.g., climate change). This philosophy is reflected in the movement in educational circles from STEM – Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math – to STEAM, the previous disciplines combined with Art/Design. It also plays a role in the renewed recognition that a liberal arts education has advantages in today's workplace.
An hour in the company of Steven Schick and Barry Lopez will stimulate ideas and conversations of your own – and that's an hour well-spent.
What do you know about Franz Liszt? You probably know he was a composer. You might know he was a piano virtuoso. What you may not know is that he was pretty much a rock star.
Although he didn't play rock 'n roll, Liszt went on massively successful tours, made all the money he could hope for, and even had groupies.
Liszt traveled the world playing thousands of concerts to screaming girls who fought over his velvet gloves, staying put for a few years here and there when he was having illegitimate children with Countess Marie d'Agoult or stealing Princess Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein from her husband.
But Liszt wasn't a stone cold fox entirely — much of the money he earned touring was donated to charities, churches and causes such as the Leipzig Musicians Pension Fund. At the end of his life, Liszt took the Franciscan order and quietly lived in a monastery.
Watch Liszt in the World, as UC San Diego Professor Emeritus Cecil Lytle explores the music and travels of this classical rock star.
For more videos of Liszt's music, visit www.uctv.tv/liszt.
What Is It That Makes Music Musical?
Everyone has a favorite song or beloved musical artist. But have you ever asked WHY you respond to music at all? What is it that makes music, well, musical?
That's the question at the center of the fascinating six-part series "To Be Musical," from UC San Diego's Eleanor Roosevelt College. Join professors of music, literature and psychology as they decode the mysteries of music and its effect on our brains, our emotions and our lives. You'll never tap your toes to your favorite song the same way again.
Browse the episodes at the "To Be Musical" series page or find them all below.


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Study reveals new threat to the ozone layer
by European Geosciences Union
Factories in China. Credit: Gustavo M, via flickr
"Ozone depletion is a well-known phenomenon and, thanks to the success of the Montreal Protocol, is widely perceived as a problem solved," says University of East Anglia's David Oram. But an international team of researchers, led by Oram, has now found an unexpected, growing danger to the ozone layer from substances not regulated by the treaty. The study is published today in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.
Thirty years ago, the Montreal Protocol was agreed to phase-out chemicals destroying the ozone layer, the UV-radiation shield in the Earth's stratosphere. The treaty has helped the layer begin the slow process of healing, lessening the impact to human health from increased exposure to damaging solar radiation. But increasing emissions of ozone-destroying substances that are not regulated by the Montreal Protocol are threatening to affect the recovery of the layer, according to the new research.
The substances in question were not considered damaging before as they were "generally thought to be too short-lived to reach the stratosphere in large quantities," explains Oram, a research fellow of the UK's National Centre for Atmospheric Science. The new Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics study raises the alarm over fast-increasing emissions of some of these very short-lived chemicals in East Asia, and shows how they can be carried up into the stratosphere and deplete the ozone layer.
Emissions of ozone-depleting chemicals in places like China are especially damaging because of cold-air surges in East Asia that can quickly carry industrial pollution into the tropics. "It is here that air is most likely to be uplifted into the stratosphere," says co-author Matt Ashfold, a researcher at the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus. This means the chemicals can reach the ozone layer before they are degraded and while they can still cause damage.
Research station in Malaysia used by researchers for measurements. Credit: Bill Sturges/UEA
One of the new threats is dichloromethane, a substance with uses varying from paint stripping to agricultural fumigation and the production of pharmaceuticals. The amount of this substance in the atmosphere decreased in the 1990s and early 2000s, but over the past decade dichloromethane became approximately 60% more abundant. "This was a major surprise to the scientific community and we were keen to discover the cause of this sudden increase," says Oram.
"We expected that the new emissions could be coming from the developing world, where industrialisation has been increasing rapidly," he says. The team set out to measure air pollution in East Asia to figure out where the increase in dichloromethane was coming from and if it could affect the ozone layer.
"Our estimates suggest that China may be responsible for around 50-60% of current global emissions [of dichloromethane], with other Asian countries, including India, likely to be significant emitters as well," says Oram.
The scientists collected air samples on the ground in Malaysia and Taiwan, in the region of the South China Sea, between 2012 and 2014, and shipped them back to the UK for analysis. They routinely monitor around 50 ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere, some of which are now in decline as a direct consequence of the Montreal Protocol.
Dichloromethane was found in large amounts, and so was 1,2-dichloroethane, an ozone-depleting substance used to make PVC. China is the largest producer of PVC, which is used in many construction materials, and its production in the country has increased rapidly in the past couple of decades. But the rise in dichloroethane emissions was unexpected and surprising because the chemical is both a "valuable commodity" and "highly toxic", says Oram. "One would expect that care would be taken not to release [dichloroethane] into the atmosphere."
Data collected from a passenger aircraft that flew over Southeast Asia between December 2012 and January 2014 showed that the substances weren't only present at ground level. "We found that elevated concentrations of these same chemicals were present at altitudes of 12 km over tropical regions, many thousands of kilometres away from their likely source, and in a region where air is known to be transferred into the stratosphere," says Oram.
If the chemicals that were now discovered in unexpectedly large amounts can reach the ozone layer in significant quantities, they can cause damage. "We are highlighting a gap in the Montreal Protocol that may need to be addressed in the future, particularly if atmospheric concentrations continue to rise," Oram concludes.
Ozone recovery may be delayed by unregulated chemicals
More information: Oram, D. E., Ashfold, M. J., Laube, J. C., Gooch, L. J., Humphrey, S., Sturges, W. T., Leedham-Elvidge, E., Forster, G. L., Harris, N. R. P., Mead, M. I., Abu Samah, A., Phang, S. M., Chang-Feng, O.-Y., Lin, N.-H., Wang, J.-L., Baker, A. K., Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M., and Sherry, D.: A growing threat to the ozone layer from short-lived anthropogenic chlorocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 11929–11941, 2017, doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11929-2017 , 2017.
Journal information: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Provided by European Geosciences Union
Citation: Study reveals new threat to the ozone layer (2017, October 12) retrieved 21 January 2020 from https://phys.org/news/2017-10-reveals-threat-ozone-layer.html
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