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eSports and Gaming, Industries, Insights, News, Trends
Not so long ago eSports went mainstream and caught the attention of people who might not have been avid gamers. However, the success of this industry has drawn so much interest that it is hard to deny the potential of it. Nevertheless, many of those who would like to partake in eSports – as an athlete, investor, sponsor, or in any other capacity – do not know how to approach this fascinating area.
Thus, SOLVVE decided to take you on a short trip through the history of eSports to help you learn about the key events that shaped this industry the way we know it today.
Pre-80s and the birth of computer gaming
Yes, eSports is that old, even though the peak of its popularity is probably ahead of us. It is common to mention the 1972 tournament, which we will discuss below, as the first-ever tournaments. However, everything started even earlier.
Competitive game titles walked hand in hand with the development and progress of computers. So, the first attempt to run a competition in eSports belongs to Alexander Douglas of Cambridge who made it possible to play tic-tac-toe with a computer as his Ph.D. work.
At this stage, the competitive element was in overplaying the machine. People could choose who starts the game (them or the computer) and try to get 3 wins.
Later, in 1958, the world saw Tennis for Two, a game where two people could play against one another with a device that we could roughly call a joystick. This title was the first multiplayer game. This was probably the birth of eSports in its present forms: people playing versus people in real time within the same game setting using a computer.
Nevertheless, the Intergalactic Spacewar Olympics of 1972 held in Stanford University is often cited as the first competitive gaming event. The game was well known among the development community of that time and attracted enough attention to be sponsored by Rolling Stone magazine. Participants played for the grand prize of a year's subscription to Rolling Stone.
This is not the kind of grand-prizes you might see today. Yet, at that time it was a big deal, and the next decades helped to make it bigger.
The 80s and the spread of eSports
The key thing to know about the 80s in gaming is the popularisation of the gaming consoles that played a major role in the popularisation of eSports (even though this term will be born long after).
In 1980, Atari held its now-famous National Space Invaders Championship played using Atari 2600 consoles. It drew about 10 000 competitors in the United States. In 1983, came Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) followed by Sega Genesis in 1989 (or Sega Drive on some markets).
This decade solidified positions of gaming as accessible and fun to everyone. Anyone could get a console and engage in gaming in the comfort of their homes. Competitions started to happen often. However, those were not official and therefore could not be supported or sponsored by any significant stakeholder in the industry.
The 90s and the era of PC gaming
Right at the beginning of the decade, Nintendo took gaming to the next level again when it started its Nintendo World Championship. The company held a tour in 30 cities across the United States where players competed in such titles as Super Mario Bros and Tetris. The winner got a money prize and a TV set. This was a huge rise in the prize pool compared to the magazine subscription. Yet, as we know this was not the limit.
The new decade also brought new ways to play. The spread of the internet and the possibility to engage more people in the game as well as to chat while playing made it possible to hold LAN parties. And it did not take long for this trend to go mainstream.
In 1996, QuakeCon took place in Texas. While the event that year started rather small, it grew fast as the news of it spread through the net. In 1997, QuakeCon already had 650 attendees, media coverage, and partial sponsorship from Activision. Probably it happened thanks to the success of the Red Annihilation event earlier in May of the same year where players also competed in Quake and the winner got a Ferrari as the grand prize.
The very same year Cyber Athletes Professional League (CPL) was born. The organization tried to create more competitive events and also took a course to increase the grand prize further. CPL was the first organization to motivate people to take gaming more seriously and lured them with big money prizes into participation in competitions. These tendencies will only grow stronger in the next decades as we now know.
Moreover, in 1998, Starcraft by Blizzard came out. This one online real-time strategy title was enough to make South Korea the biggest fan and the trend-setter in eSports. The game sparked so much interest that in a very short while the country developed the professional scene for this title and showed the rest of the world what eSports competitions could and should be.
From the 2010s and the rise of eSports
Let us stick with Korea for a while as many industry-defining things happened there.
On the very first day of the new millennium, January 1, 2000, Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism formed Korean eSports Association (KePSA). The organisation took the direction to make eSports a legitimate and official sport, create events, leagues, and provide conditions where cyber athletes could develop their skills. KePSA is the reason South Korea is the global leader in the domain.
Tournaments and leagues kept popping up around the world fast as the number of game titles and their quality grew. So did the speed and coverage of the internet connection. Online gaming transferred from a hobby of information technology geeks in the 50s to a large-scale industry of the new millennium.
Prize stakes kept growing. Sooner or later frauds were bound to happen. And so they did. The new decade in eSports saw many scandals. However, the first major one was the match-fixing scandal of 2010 in South Korea.
About a dozen of the most known Starcraft players, including the all-time best Savi0r, were caught in fixing matches as they were trying to secure a huge income from illegal gambling betting on matches outcomes. This incident almost killed eSports in South Korea. Luckily, despite the disappointment of the public, this industry still stands firm in the country.
Today, artificial intelligence and machine learning can help track and prevent many fraudulent actions in eSports like using aim-bots or leveling-up at unusual speed as well as to set up a more friendly environment by overviewing communications in chats and voice channels. Yet, preventing all unlawful actions is impossible and the industry, unfortunately, will probably see more scandals in the future.
The 2010s onwards
The last decade saw numerous massive eSports events like the League of Legends World Championships having prize pools of over a million dollars and millions of people watching the tournaments online and offline on stadiums. Dota 2 broadcasted its competitions in 4 different languages and offered a million-dollar prize for the winner as well.
The growth of prize pools was not surprising anyone as we saw this tendency unfolding for several decades. However, the burst in the viewing demand defined the 2010s.
Where there is a demand there is a supply. In 2011, Twitch was born. It gave players and viewers the platforms to interact which they desperately needed. And it did not take long before corporations realized the enormous potential eSports holds.
In 2014, Amazon purchased Twitch. In 2016, Microsoft acquired Mixer (then Beam), and in 2019, Google launched its Stadia, finishing the transition of eSports to the mainstream.
eSports of the future
Some of the tendencies that are easy to predict are further diversification of games and their worldwide expansion. This, in its turn, should come with the stricter regulations of competitions. eSports engages minors, huge monetary prizes are taxable, international competitions need visa regulations for athletes, some countries are still to recognize cyber athletes as professional sportsmen, – this and many more other issues remain unresolved to this day. However, with the constantly growing media attention and increasing body of knowledge and experience in the industry, we can hope to see eSports properly regulated in the upcoming decades.
Unlike traditional sports this industry is welcoming to a wider pool of participants by giving them opportunities that they could not have otherwise. It is great news for marketers who can employ streaming services and influencers to reach out to new audiences.
If you have any questions or ideas related to eSports projects, do not hesitate to contact us. Let us make this happen!
Education, Insights, Mobile Applications, Outsourcing and Outstaffing, Web applications,


Top Lottery Myths Exposed—Is It Real or Just Fantasy?
If you have been playing the lottery for a long time, or know someone who has, then you are probably well versed in some of the myths that go along with playing; and believe me, there are a lot of them. It is funny how many people will buy into these myths. Of course, there has to be some truth in the myth, right?
Below are some of the most common lottery myths that are floating around the Internet. Which one of these myths did you fall for?
This myth was debunked by the Lottery Commissioner from Iowa, Ed Stanek in the October 1997 issue of Public Gaming International magazine. The statistics that were gathered by NASPL indicated that in just one year, 1,139 people won a million dollars (or more), plus an additional 4,520 people won $100,000 or more while playing any North American lottery. On the opposite end of that myth, there were only 91 people struck and killed by lighting that year.
This myth popular and it has also been practiced for many years. Why, it was even mentioned in George Orwell's book, 1984 that was published in 1949. This particular myth states that the numbers come up more often than others in any lotto draw. This myth is untrue because every number has a chance to be drawn. While it may seem that some numbers are drawn more than others, the odds are the same for each number.
While we would like to think that if fewer people are playing, we have a higher chance of winning that coveted jackpot. Unfortunately, that is not the case. The odds are still the same, but with fewer people playing, this only means that there is a lower chance of having numerous winners.
Although we like to think that by playing the same numbers repeatedly will lead to a big win one day, that isn't the case. Much like myth #2, every number has equal chances of being drawn. Statistics show that every lottery ticket has one on 57 chances to match three numbers.
Compulsive gambling is like any other form of addiction, as it involves both biological and psychological factors that are already part of someone's behavior. This means that simply by playing the lottery will not make you addicted to gambling. According to the National Survey on Gambling Behavior, there is no direct relationship between the rates of problematic gambling and the lottery.
Now if you've been reading our site for a while, you already know that it is completely possible to win the lottery more than once. Some people even have won twice in a single game!
Paying your taxes is a necessary part of life—there is just no way to avoid it (unless you want to go to jail that is). Playing the lottery is completely voluntary. It is that simple. No one is forcing you to go to your local corner store and purchasing a ticket.
One thing that you should always keep in mind is that the lottery is not predictable and it cannot be manipulated. Instead of feeding into the myths, enjoy the game for what it is. It is supposed to be fun, exciting, and if you win—great! No matter what, keep an eye on the prize!
But it is NOT a game. Sure lotto is cool but I have NEVER heard someone say it is "fun" or even that they are playing a "GAME". There is no component of strategy for the player at all. Ones choice of numbers is utterly random and you cannot put that to a test with another person's Witt.
4 Lucky People Who Won the Lottery Twice in the Same Day!
7 Biggest Scratch-Off Prizes In History. Scratch It, Baby!


Dull whites and beiges are a thing of the past. I used to think t-shirts would forever be boring and dull. Especially if they were the O word, Organic. I actually jumped for joy when I saw all the different possibilities. I have seen some phenomenal looking t shirts with vibrant colours and catchy phrases. The best part is it's excellent for our environment.
Sustainable clothing production means care is taken to ensure the least harmful and most natural materials are used. Using the least energy possible to produce and distribute the clothing. Using natural, easily renewable fibers like viscose from bamboo helps lessen the amount of land and energy used. Using organic cotton instead of regular cotton prevents chemicals from getting into human environments. The use of energy is also cut down if the fibers are found closest to the end retail location.
Organic clothing is made from materials raised in or grown in compliance with organic agricultural standards. It may be made up of cotton, jute, silk, ramie or wool. The clothing's fibers are free from pesticides, herbicides or genetically modified seeds.
Anvil sells their clothing thru Amazon, many different in-store boutiques, as well as on their own website. A 100% certified organic cotton t-shirt is just $12.
Patagonia –Their mens and women's organic cotton shirts are sold for $35 and are printed on with PVC- and phthalate-free inks.
American Apparel – Their unisex t-shirt made from 100% organic fine jersey cotton sells for just $18.
The old adage, out with old, in with the new still holds a lot of truth. I must say this journey has made me very excited to go out and shop for some new, stylish t shirts. It makes me feel extremely happy knowing there are some excellent options out there for style and I'm even happier knowing pricing is very reasonable. White t-shirts don't have to be worn with blue jeans any more. The possibilities are endless when it comes to colours and styles. I'm really eager to recycle some of my older, boring t shirts and replace them with newer, more vibrant ones. If at the end of the day, if I look hip and cool, hey that's an added bonus to me. I'm willing to take that risk! The very best part, I can feel proud knowing I'm doing my part to help the environment and helping put a stop to unethical practices.
This entry was tagged American Apparel, Anvil, brands, change the world, eco fabrics, eco fashion, ecofashion, ethical, Ethical clothing, ethical consumption, fashion, fast fashion, GMO seeds, health, healthy fashion, how to shop ethically, organic clothing, organic cotton, organic fabric, organic fibers, patagonia, style, sustainable, sustainable brands, sustainable clothing, sustainable fashion, t-shirt. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Peperomia jamaicana är en pepparväxtart som beskrevs av Truman George Yuncker. Peperomia jamaicana ingår i släktet peperomior, och familjen pepparväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Peperomior
jamaicana

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Showing results for tags 'fluctuating temperatures'.
Shown here are some comments made in the review section on a supplier's website. The wax being reviewed is IGI 6006. This reviewer is concerned that the temperature not be allowed to drop below 170F. That must be his/her pouring temperature. I've noticed this type comment made in other places during my travels around the internet. I've had the same concerns myself. I think I posted a similar comment on this forum before. What would you surmise is the concern here? If it does drop below the pouring temperature of 170, can't you just put it back on the heat source and bring the temp back up again as you continue to to stir? Could you "damage" the fragrance? Here's another example of the candle maker concerned about damaging, or as they put it, "killing" the fragrance oil. This reviewer is concerned about damaging the fragrance oil by getting it too hot. Are these legitimate concerns? Can you "damage" or "kill" your fragrance with the temperature? As I said, I've thought about this same issue. It would seem to me that if you could damage your FO by letting the temperature fluctuate up and down, then you would never be able to come back later and reheat your wax for your second pour or top off! Is it possible that the issues mentioned in these two reviews are just candle making urban myth? I'm interested in hearing your opinions.


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11,603 items found (21 items not approved), displaying 71 to 80.[First/Prev] 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 [Next/Last]
Structural explanation for the role of Mn2+ in the activity of phi 6 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Minna M. Poranen , Paula Salgado , Minni R. L. Koivunen , Sam Wright , Dennis H. Bamford , David I. Stuart , Jonathan M. Grimes
Nucleic Acids Research 36 (20), 6633-6644
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn632
Abstract: The biological role of manganese (Mn2+) has been a long-standing puzzle, since at low concentrations it activates several polymerases whilst at higher concentrations it inhibits. Viral RNA polymerases possess a common architecture, reminiscent of a closed right hand. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of bacteriophage {phi}6 is one of the best understood examples of this important class of polymerases. We have probed the role of Mn2+ by biochemical, biophysical and structural analyses of the wild-type enzyme and of a mutant form with an altered Mn2+-binding site (E491 to Q). The E491Q mutant has much reduced affinity for Mn2+, reduced RNA binding and a compromised elongation rate. Loss of Mn2+ binding structurally stabilizes the enzyme. These data and a re-examination of the structures of other viral RNA polymerases clarify the role of manganese in the activation of polymerization: Mn2+ coordination of a catalytic aspartate is necessary to allow the active site to properly engage with the triphosphates of the incoming NTPs. The structural flexibility caused by Mn2+ is also important for the enzyme dynamics, explaining the requirement for manganese throughout RNA polymerization.
Detecting transient protein–protein interactions by X-ray absorption spectroscopy: The cytochrome c6-photosystem I complex
Irene Díaz-moreno , Antonio Díaz-quintana , Gloria Subías , Trevor Mairs , Miguel A. De La Rosa , Sofía Díaz-moreno
Febs Letters 580 (13), 3023 - 3028
DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.045
Abstract: Reliable analysis of the functionality of metalloproteins demands a highly accurate description of both the redox state and geometry of the metal centre, not only in the isolated metalloprotein but also in the transient complex with its target. Here, we demonstrate that the transient interaction between soluble cytochrome c6 and membrane-embedded photosystem I involves subtle changes in the heme iron, as inferred by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). A slight shift to lower energies of the absorption edge of Fe2+ in cytochrome c6 is observed upon interaction with photosystem I. This work constitutes a novel application of XAS to the analysis of weak complexes in solution.
Protein crystallography with a novel large-area pixel detector
Gregor Hülsen , Christian Broennimann , Eric Eikenberry , Armin Wagner
Journal Of Applied Crystallography 39, 550–557
Abstract: The PILATUS 1M detector, developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut, is a single-photon-counting hybrid pixel detector designed for macromolecular crystallography. With more than 1 million pixels covering an area of 243 × 210 mm, it is the largest such device constructed to date. The detector features a narrow point spread function, very fast readout and a complete absence of electronic noise. Unfortunately, this prototype detector has numerous defective pixels and sporadic errors in counting that complicate its operation. With appropriate experimental design, it was largely possible to work around these problems and successfully demonstrate the application of this technology to structure determination. Conventional coarse [phi]-sliced data were collected on thaumatin and a refined electron density map was produced that showed the features expected of a map at 1.6 Å resolution. The results were compared with the performance of a reference charge-coupled device detector: the pixel detector is superior in speed, but showed higher R-factors because of the counting errors. Complete fine [phi]-sliced data sets recorded in the continuous-rotation mode showed the predicted advantages of this data collection strategy and demonstrated the expected reduction of R-factors at high resolution. A new readout chip has been tested and shown to be free from the defects of its predecessor; a PILATUS 6M detector incorporating this new technology is under construction.
The regulation of protein phosphorylation
Louise Johnson
Biochem Soc Trans 37, 627-641
DOI: 10.1042/BST0370627
Abstract: Phosphorylation plays essential roles in nearly every aspect of cell life. Protein kinases regulate signalling pathways and cellular processes that mediate metabolism, transcription, cell-cycle progression, differentiation, cytoskeleton arrangement and cell movement, apoptosis, intercellular communication, and neuronal and immunological functions. Protein kinases share a conserved catalytic domain, which catalyses the transfer of the ?-phosphate of ATP to a serine, threonine or tyrosine residue in protein substrates. The kinase can exist in an active or inactive state regulated by a variety of mechanisms in different kinases that include control by phosphorylation, regulation by additional domains that may target other molecules, binding and regulation by additional subunits, and control by protein–protein association. This Novartis Medal Lecture was delivered at a meeting on protein evolution celebrating the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin's birth. I begin with a summary of current observations from protein sequences of kinase phylogeny. I then review the structural consequences of protein phosphorylation using our work on glycogen phosphorylase to illustrate one of the more dramatic consequences of phosphorylation. Regulation of protein phosphorylation is frequently disrupted in the diseased state, and protein kinases have become high-profile targets for drug development. Finally, I consider recent advances on protein kinases as drug targets and describe some of our recent work with CDK9 (cyclin-dependent kinase 9)–cyclin T, a regulator of transcription.
Imaging of Complex Density in Silver Nanocubes by Coherent X-ray Diffraction
Ross Harder , M. Liang , Y. Sun , Ian Robinson
Abstract: When using coherent x-rays to perform lensless imaging, it is the complex wave field exiting the sample or, in the case of the Bragg geometry, the deformed electron density distribution of a crystal, that is being sought. For most samples, to some extent, the image will be complex, containing both an amplitude and phase variation across the sample. We have developed versions of the hybrid input–output (HIO) and error reduction (ER) algorithms that are very robust for the inversion to complex objects from three-dimensional (3D) coherent x-ray diffraction (CXD) data measured around a Bragg spot of a small crystal. The development and behavior of these algorithms will be discussed in the context of inverting a 3D CXD pattern measured around a (111) Bragg spot of a silver nanocube.
Critical reexamination of resonant soft x-ray Bragg forbidden reflections in magnetite
Stuart Wilkins , S. Di Matteo , Thomas Beale , Y. Joly , Claudio Mazzoli , Peter Hatton , Peter Bencok , Flora Yakhou-harris , V. A. M. Brabers
Abstract: Magnetite, Fe(3)O(4), displays a highly complex low-temperature crystal structure that may be charge and orbitally ordered. Many of the recent experimental claims of such ordering rely on resonant soft x-ray diffraction at the oxygen K and iron L edges. We have reexamined this system and undertaken soft x-ray diffraction experiments on a high-quality single crystal. Contrary to previous claims in the literature, we show that the intensity observed at the Bragg forbidden (001/2)(c) reflection can be explained purely in terms of the low-temperature structural displacements around the resonant atoms. This does not necessarily mean that magnetite is not charge or orbitally ordered but rather that the present sensitivity of resonant soft x-ray experiments does not allow conclusive demonstration of such ordering.
Reduction of X-ray-induced radiation damage of macromolecular crystals by data collection at 15 K: a systematic study
Alke Meents , Armin Wagner , Roman Schneider , Claude Pradervand , Ehmke Pohl , Clemens Schulze-briese
Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 63 (3), 302-–309
Abstract: The cryocooling of protein crystals to temperatures of around 100 K drastically reduces X-ray-induced radiation damage. The majority of macromolecular data collection is therefore performed at 100 K, yielding diffraction data of higher resolution and allowing structure determination from much smaller crystals. However, at third-generation synchrotron sources radiation damage at 100 K still limits the useful data obtainable from a crystal. For data collection at 15 K, realised by the use of an open-flow helium cryostat, a further reduction of radiation damage is expected. However, no systematic studies have been undertaken so far. In this present study, a total of 54 data sets have been collected from holoferritin and insulin crystals at 15 and 90 K in order to identify the effect of the lower data-collection temperature on the radiation damage. It is shown that data collection at 15 K has only a small positive effect for insulin crystals, whereas for holoferritin crystals radiation damage is reduced by 23% compared with data collection at 90 K.
Exploration of crystal strains using coherent x-ray diffraction
Wonsuk Cha , Sanghoon Song , Nak Cheon Jeong , Ross Harder , Kyung Byung Yoon , Ian Robinson , Hyunjung Kim
Abstract: We measured coherent x-ray diffraction (CXD) on zeolite microcrystals in order to gain information on internal density distribution and to learn more about the strain developed during the synthesis and attachment process on the substrate. From the distortion and asymmetry of the diffraction pattern on the (020) Bragg peak, the strain field distribution is estimated. We inverted the diffraction patterns from a less strained crystal to obtain the three-dimensional image of the shape and internal strain fields using the error reduction and hybrid input–output phase retrieval algorithms. We also show a few examples of characteristic distortion modes relevant to CXD of zeolites.
Coherent orbital waves in the photo-induced insulator–metal dynamics of a magnetoresistive manganite
D. Polli , M. Rini , Simon Wall , R. W. Schoenlein , Y. Tomioka , Y. Tokura , G. Cerullo , Andrea Cavalleri
Nature Materials 6 (9), 643 - 647
DOI: 10.1038/nmat1979
Abstract: Photo-excitation can drive strongly-correlated electron insulators into competing conducting phases, resulting in giant and ultrafast changes of their electronic and magnetic properties. The underlying non-equilibrium dynamics involve many degrees of freedom at once, whereby sufficiently short optical pulses can trigger the corresponding collective modes of the solid along temporally coherent pathways. Their characteristic frequencies of these modes range between the few GHz of acoustic vibrations to the tens or even hundreds of THz for purely electronic excitations. Virtually all experiments to date have used 100-fs or longer pulses, detecting only comparatively slow lattice dynamics. Here, we use sub-10-fs optical pulses to study the photo-induced insulator-metal transition in the magneto-resistive manganite Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3. At room temperature, we find that the time-dependent pathway toward the metallic phase is accompanied by coherent 31-THz oscillations of the optical reflectivity, significantly faster than all lattice vibrations. These high-frequency oscillations are suggestive of coherent orbital waves, crystal-field excitations triggered here by Impulsive Stimulated Raman Scattering. Orbital waves are likely to be initially localized to the small polarons of this room-temperature manganite, coupling to other degrees of freedom at longer times and seeding the coalescence of photo-domains into a metallic phase.
Transient binding of plastocyanin to its physiological partners modifies the copper site geometry
Irene Diaz-moreno , Antonio Diaz-quintana , Sofia Diaz-moreno , Gloria Subias , Miguel A. De La Rosa
Febs Letters 580, 6187-6194
Abstract: The transient complexes of plastocyanin with cytochrome f and photosystem I are herein used as excellent model systems to investigate how the metal sites adapt to the changes in the protein matrix in transient complexes that are involved in redox reactions. Thus, both complexes from the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 7119 (former Anabaena sp. PCC 7119) have been analysed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Our data are consistent with a significant distortion of the trigonal pyramidal geometry of the Cu coordination sphere when plastocyanin binds to cytochrome f, no matter their redox states are. The resulting tetrahedral geometry shows a shortening of the distance between Cu and the S(delta) atom of its ligand Met-97, with respect to the crystallographic structure of free plastocyanin. On the other hand, when plastocyanin binds to photosystem I instead of cytochrome f, the geometric changes are not significant but a displacement in charge distribution around the metal centre can be observed. Noteworthy, the electronic density around the Cu atom increases or decreases when oxidised plastocyanin binds to cytochrome f or photosystem I, respectively, thus indicating that the protein matrix affects the electron transfer between the two partners during their transient interaction.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Education Funding Lawsuit Unlikely to Improve Education Outcomes in California
By Lisa Snell
The state of California will soon be sued for not funding its schools adequately.
As the San Jose Mercury News reports:
Top California school leaders said they soon will sue the state over chronically underfunded schools—a move that in other states has infused billions of dollars into school systems.
California spends $35.7 billion, or about 30 percent of its budget, on its 1,000 public K-12 schools. Like other state programs, education has suffered waves of cuts in two years as state revenues have shrunk. In per-pupil spending, California ranks anywhere from 30th to 47th among states, depending on how cost of living is adjusted.
The California Constitution requires the Legislature "to provide for a system of common schools by which a free school shall be kept up and supported." The suit will allege that the state violates that provision by not ensuring adequate support.
Given its low ranking in spending plus recent cuts, "nobody can rationally assert that the system is adequately supported," said Scott Plotkin, executive director of the California School Boards Association, which he said will file suit by the end of the year.
The important point in the Mercury News story is this:
How effective the suits have been is a matter of dispute.
Hanushek maintains that when courts have intervened, "We do not see any gains in student achievement."
In fact, Eric Hanushek and Alfred Lindseth have a new book out, Schoolhouses, Courthouses, and Statehouses: Solving the Funding-Achievement Puzzle in America's Public Schools that sheds light on the depressing futility of adequacy lawsuits.
In addition, Education Next, has a must read debate with Eric Hanushek, Alfred Lindseth, and Michael Rebell that answers the question: Many Schools Are Still Inadequate, Now What?
Here is one small excerpt that summarizes what has happened in other states where education advocates have sued for large increases in education funding:
Beginning in the early 1970s, advocacy groups, frustrated with legislative efforts, began turning to the courts, initially to seek more equity in the allocation of education funds and later to seek vastly increased appropriations from state legislatures through "educational adequacy" lawsuits based on vaguely worded state constitutional provisions. A significant number of state courts responded positively to plaintiffs' pleas and ordered unprecedented increases in K—12 funding in their states. Unfortunately, basic problems in the underlying systems of delivering education services were often ignored. In this sense, the courts mirrored what had been going on in the state legislatures, and the results were, not surprisingly, much the same: large amounts of money expended, but little or no improvement in student outcomes. An analysis in our recently published book examines the NAEP test-score trends in the four states that have implemented court remedies the longest, and demonstrates that, despite spending increases amounting to billions of dollars, the achievement patterns in three of them—Wyoming, New Jersey, and Kentucky—are largely unchanged from what they were in the early 1990s, before the court-ordered remedies commenced. Only in Massachusetts, where much deeper and broader reforms were instituted, has there been some improvement, although even there the state's black students have not benefited from the remedy.
Lisa Snell was the director of education and child welfare at Reason Foundation, a nonprofit think tank advancing free minds and free markets.
More by Lisa Snell
Center for Student-Based Budgeting Newsletter, October 2018
A constitutional right to education would be a win for school choice, Texas' system of great schools promotes school-level autonomy, and more.
By Lisa Snell and Aaron Garth Smith
Center for Student-Based Budgeting Newsletter, September 2018
California's pension crisis hits disadvantaged students the hardest, plus developments in Memphis, Oklahoma, Nevada, and more.
California's Pension Crisis Hits Disadvantaged Students the Hardest
Leaders must make pension reforms work and address school districts' long-term liabilities.
A Conservative Case for Highway Tolling
This brief explains how tolling can be designed and implemented to be consistent with basic conservative principles of limited government, decentralization, and markets.
By Robert Poole
How to Improve Missouri's Education Funding Formula
Missouri's school finance system fails to ensure that education dollars are allocated in a fair and transparent manner.
By Aaron Garth Smith and Susan Pendergrass
Working Paper: Access To Private Schools And Public Charter Schools Might Improve Parent And Student Satisfaction
Public charter schools and private schools outperform traditional public schools on six measures of parent and student satisfaction.
By Corey A. DeAngelis
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Royal Credit Union was organized in April 1964 to serve employees of Uniroyal and their families. In November 1972, the Wisconsin Commissioner of Credit Unions gave Royal permission to add other employee groups to its membership and, eventually, Royal applied for and was granted a community charter.
Our current charter provides us with a field of membership that includes people who live or work in Adams, Ashland, Bayfield, Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Lincoln, Marathon, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Trempealeau, Washburn, and Wood counties in western Wisconsin, and Anoka, Carver, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Hennepin, Isanti, Olmsted, Pine, Ramsey, Scott, Sherbune, Wabasha, Washington, Winona and Wright in Minnesota.
Today, we've grown from 100 Uniroyal employees to over 200,000 community Members. As a not-for-profit credit union, we are governed by a board of directors elected by our Members. Learn a bit about them below!
Doug has enjoyed the benefits of being a credit union Member for over 40 years. Because he truly believes in the credit union philosophy of People Helping People, he pursued serving on the Board of Directors and was elected in 1995. Currently, Doug serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors, Compensation/Governance Committee, and Political Action Committee.
Doug is active in the credit union movement and currently serves on the Credit Union National Association's Community Credit Union Committee. He believes in lifelong learning in order to be the best board member that he can be; therefore, he makes time for reading, networking, attending conferences, speaking at conferences, etc. He also is a Certified Credit Union Volunteer.
Doug had a vision of starting the RCU Foundation to focus on large-impact community giveback. The foundation has been up and running since 2013 and, through donations of several million dollars, has made a positive impact on the lives of many.
Credit Unions are democratic organizations owned and controlled by their Members, one Member one vote, with equal opportunity for participation in setting policies and making decisions.
Members are the owners. As such, they contribute to and democratically control the capital of the credit union. This benefits Members in proportion to the transactions with the credit union.
While focusing on Member needs, credit unions work for the sustainable development of communities, including people of modest means, through policies developed and accepted by the Members."
"I feel these principles express the principles of human development and the brotherhood of mankind through people working together to achieve a better life for themselves and their community."
Doug is retired from his career at the Chippewa Valley Technical College (CVTC) where he served as the Executive Director of Operations. Prior to his career at CVTC, he was the founder and owner of Badger Window Systems where he manufactured windows, doors, and insulated glass serving the Midwest. He lives with his wife Pam on Lake Holcombe, which is 50 miles north of Eau Claire, Wisconsin.
Tom has been a credit union Member his entire adult life, including the past 20 years with Royal Credit Union. He currently services as Treasurer of Royal Credit Union's board. Tom previously served on the Board of Directors for Cornerstone Credit Union in Freeport, Illinois, where he held the positions of Secretary and Vice Chair. Tom also served on Royal Credit Union's Nominating Committee for the four years prior to joining the board. He is a Certified Credit Union Volunteer (CCUV) and currently a Member of the Finance Committee. Tom previously served on the Audit Committee.
Tom's vision is to ensure Royal Credit Union offers a high level of value and customer service to our Members, in order to be the financial institution of choice in the communities we serve.
Tom is currently Vice President of Operations at Chippewa Valley Technical College. He holds a Master's Degree in Training and Human Resources Development from UW-Stout and a Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration from UW-Madison.
Tom and his wife, Mary, live in Altoona with their three sons Jake, Sam, and Joey.
Jennifer McDonough has been a Member of Royal Credit Union since 1988 and has served on the Board of Directors since 1997. She is currently Secretary of the Board, a member of the Compensation and Governance Committee, and Chair of the Audit Committee. Jennifer has also served as Vice Chair of the board and on the Building and Technology Committees.
"Royal Credit Union is growing for and with our Members; we will continue supporting and helping to build the communities we serve, now and into the future."
Jennifer has participated in a variety of community functions and credit union educational opportunities. She has completed the Credit Union National Association's Volunteer Achievement Program, the Directors' Financial Literacy requirements, and is a Certified Credit Union Volunteer (CCUV). Jennifer is also involved in our community hospital health systems volunteering as a foundation board member since 2014. She currently serves as chairperson of that board.
McDonough earned Bachelor and Master in Education Degrees and a certification in Economics at UW-Eau Claire. She earned her Educational Administration Degree at UW-Superior. Jennifer retired as an administrator for Eau Claire Area Schools in 2016. She and her husband, Matthew, live in Chippewa Falls.
John has enjoyed the benefits of being a credit union Member for more than 40 years. His involvement with Royal Credit Union includes serving on the Political Action Committee, Audit Committee, and Board Advisory Committee. Previously, John served as Chairman of the board for 17 years and Treasurer for 10 years.
John is also very involved in the credit union movement on a state and national level because he believes strongly in the credit union philosophy. He currently services as a director on the National Credit Union Foundation, as well as President of the RCU Foundation. He also serves on the Credit Union National Association's (CUNA) Board of Directors and served as the first Chair of the CUNA Volunteer Leadership Committee. John has also served on CUNA's Community Credit Union Committee as Vice Chairman, CUNA's Mergers Task Force, and the CUNA Task Force on Due Diligence.
John enjoys attending and making presentations at Credit Union Executive Society (CUES) and CUNA conferences plus many state and local seminars relating to credit union activities. Not only is John a Certified Credit Union Volunteer, he also has received the following certificates for completion of the National Volunteer Achievement Program: Edward Filene (1986), Friedrich Raiffeisen (1990), Roy F. Bergengren (1992), Technology (1999), Alphonse Desjardins (2003), Louise Herring (2003), Dora Maxwell (2003), and Thomas Doig (2011). John also completed the Credit Union Leadership Program and Financial Literacy Program.
After serving as Director of Finance for the Eau Claire Area School District for 27 years, John is enjoying his retirement. This has also allowed him to become even more involved in the credit union industry, which he has a true passion for. During his career, he was honored with the 2001 Wisconsin Association of School Business Officials' Wallace Zastrow Award. John is a graduate of the UW-Eau Claire with a Bachelors Degree in Comprehensive Public Accounting.
John's vision is to expand Royal to new markets and new Members while being the primary financial institution of choice in the communities where Royal has a presence.
John and his wife, Kris, have four children and live in Eau Claire.
Nancy was elected to Royal Credit Union's Board of Directors in 1999. She currently serves on the Finance Committee. She has also participated on the Web, Technology, and Scholarship Committees and is past Chair of the Audit Committee. Nancy is a Certified Credit Union Volunteer (CCUV).
As a bank examiner for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Nancy examined banks in five states with assets ranging in size from $35 million to $1 billion. Her responsibilities included assessing the overall financial condition, evaluating the effectiveness of management and policies, determining compliance with laws and regulations, and reviewing loan and investment quality.
Nancy and her husband Tony own RAM Technologies, a computer store in Eau Claire, where she is the chief financial officer. Nancy resides in Altoona with her husband and daughters.
Nancy's vision is that Royal Credit Union remains a financially strong institution committed to delivering a wide range of affordable products and services available to all people in the communities it serves.
Bill has been a Member of Royal Credit Union for over 30 years. He was employed by Royal Credit Union for nine years, the final seven as a business loan officer. Bill made the decision to leave Royal in 2001 to pursue an opportunity to own his own business. He is currently co-owner of L&M Mail Service, Inc. In 2008, L&M was recognized as Small Business of the Year by the Eau Claire Area Chamber of Commerce.
Along with serving as a board member, Bill also serves on Royal's Board Finance Committee and Credit Oversight Committee. Bill received his Bachelor's Degree from UW-Eau Claire, majoring in Finance.
Bill understands the need to pursue new ideas and technologies in order to continue to provide Royal's Members with leading edge products and services. His experience as both a team member of Royal and a business owner give him a unique perspective that will help Royal Credit Union achieve its purpose of creating a positive impact in the lives we touch.
Bill, his wife, Beth, and their two daughters live in Eau Claire.
Stuart has been a Member of Royal Credit Union for over 25 years. He currently serves as Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors and on the Credit Oversight Committee and Compensation/Governance Committee.
Stuart is a graduate of UW-Madison and has been a licensed Real Estate Broker since 1980. He is also a member of the International Council of Shopping Centers. Stuart is currently the President of Eau Claire-based Commonweal Development Corporation, an award winning community focused real estate development company currently engaged in urban renewal, mixed use, retail and office projects including the Confluence project in Downtown Eau Claire.
Stuart has served on various boards throughout his career including the Eau Claire Area Economic Development Corporation, where he acted as its president in 2009. Stuart has four children between the ages of 20 and 28. He has lived in the Eau Claire area for the past 30 years. Stuart's vision for Royal's future is to maintain and expand the impressive level of service and value Royal Credit Union offers its Members and to continue to positively impact the communities we serve.


Here're some exciting news for ya'll.
The new Limited Edition is coming on Friday 24th!
Prepare them stardollars, folks, because you're gonna need them.
Well, that is only if the new collection proves to be decent.
It's already Friday 24th where I live, so I guess, just because Oceania is so lucky and well-loved by Stardoll, I'll have to wait till 2, 3, or 4am for the store to be released.
But most likely that won't even happen because the part of Stardoll that lives in Oceania will probably just go to sleep and will never get a chance to buy anything from the store.
I certainly won't buy anything from the new release because most likely (99.9%) it'll be out of my timezone.
Stocking up on them stardollars?


Test strips provide a quick and easy method of accurate measurements of water quality. The strip may be used for determination of detergent-type phosphates, as well as run off from fertilizer on agricultural lands. The range of this strip is 10-100 ppm in the following intervals: 0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm. 50 strips per package.


Escape some of winter's grasp by spending a few days walking sugar white sand beaches and soaking up some southern sunshine. The Orange Beach Getaway is a new event for the Getaway series on the beautiful Alabama gulf coast. Join us in Orange beach and get a jump start on the riding season.
For those not familiar with America's Gulf Coast, it is the perfect blend of southern hospitality, warm weather and relaxing vibes. Nestled on the Alabama - Florida border, Orange Beach is a hidden treasure in the southern states. Along with the sugar white sand beaches, you'll find some of the best coastal culture and seafood mixed with a lot of southern love. Visit the opposite side of Mobile Bay and experience some of the southern delta that produces the best seafood in the country.
Arrive anytime on Friday and join us for a reception at the Island House Hotel. We'll have a hot dinner, cool drinks and a cash bar will be available. We encourage you to bring your bike, park out front and hang out with us. This will be a great time to mingle and make new friends as we tell tall tales, kick tires and take names! Throughout the evening, plan your Saturday adventure as we'll have information available on area rides and points of interest you can explore.
Get up early and head out or sleep in late, Saturday is your day to ride the area or just relax and enjoy the resort. Whatever you plan for the day, make sure you are back in time for a fantastic beach front evening. Be prepared to share details of your day's adventure with those at your table and we'll give away over $500 in great door prizes too!
Event registration and hotel rooms are reserved separately. Make your reservations at the beautiful Island House Hotel. This will be the base of operations for all there is to see and do in the area. Rooms with both king and twin bed rooms are available on a first come, first served basis. Contact the hotel directly at (251) 981-6100 or reserve online and mention the BMW MOA Getaway to receive the guaranteed $119 room rate.
Due to the popularity of Island House Hotel, the resort will strictly enforce its reservation cancellation policy. Please be aware of the policy when reserving your accommodations as the BMW MOA will not be responsible for cancellation fees charged by the Village. Hotel/lodging facility may have strict cancellation policies. Please verify these policies with the hotel prior to making any reservations.


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The last time the US Capitol was stormed: historian Professor Tim Lockley comments
Scenes of protestors storming the US Capitol building yesterday have dominated news reports around the world. It is not the first time that the building has been stormed according to Professor Tim Lockley from the Department of History, who has commented on the last occasion in 1814.
Professor Tim Lockley said: "In 1814 a disciplined British army methodically removed the contents of the Capitol and burned them and then burned the inside as well, leaving only the exterior walls. The local militia sort of melted away, clearly wary of Wellington's veterans of the Peninsular War. DC was a small town, and the public buildings were only recently completed.
"It's been repeatedly claimed today that when the British burned Washington in 1814 they were attempting to overthrow the United States. That is simply not true. The attack was in response to the US burning of York (now Toronto) the year before, and only targeted public buildings (the Capital, the White House and the US Treasury). Once the message had been delivered the British left, indeed the residents of Washington were impressed with how restrained and disciplined the British troops were."
Peter Thorley
Media Relations Manager (Warwick Medical School and Department of Physics)
Email: peter.thorley@warwick.ac.uk
Mob: +44 (0) 7824 540863


Toppan Management Systems (S) Pte Ltd was established in 1985, with its head-quarter in Japan. We have more than 30 years business track record in providing Singapore companies IT solutions that range from network infrastructure to ERP software package to fully customized applications. We value-add by providing Total IT Solutions to our customers to help them meet their business objectives. We are servicing more than 250 customers in Singapore and they include both SMBs and MNCs from the manufacturing, trading, construction, automobile, logistics and financial industries.
We provide computer hardware and software manufactured by our business partners, who are industry leaders in technologies (such as IBM, HP, NEC, Cisco, Microsoft, Infor and etc). We have a group of dedicated support staff and a team of engineers who are partner-certified. Our focus on Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction enables us to build long-term, synergistic relationships with our customers.
In the years ahead, we will continue to strive to serve our customers the best we can, with up-to-date IT solutions and customer-oriented services.
Our HQ in Tokyo Japan, Toppan System Solutions Co. Ltd is specialized in IT products and services. It also provides Data Centre.
Now our business activities span the areas of commercial printing, securities printing, packaging, publications printing, electronics and IC business, but all of these divisions find their roots in the original letterpress printing of 1900. Toppan has grown to become a leader in the information communications industry, which is like no other in the world.
As well as over 80 domestic locations in Japan, which include plants, sales offices and research centres, Toppan also has a presence in over 42 overseas locations. Group employees total more than 47,000, and group turnover last year exceeded S$22 billion.


Clark JC. Discussion: "Endurance of Aircraft Gas Turbine Mainshaft Ball Bearings-Analysis Using Improved Fatigue Life Theory: Part 1—Application to a Long-Life Bearing" (Ioannides, E., Harris, T. A., and Ragen, M., 1990, ASME J. Tribol., 112, pp. 304–308) and "Endurance of Aircraft Gas Turbine Mainshaft Ball Bearings-Analysis Using Improved Fatigue Life Theory: Part 2—Application to a Bearing Operating Under Difficult Lubrication Conditions" (Harris, T., Ioannides, E., Ragen, M., and Tam, H., 1990, ASME J. Tribol., 112, pp. 309–311). ASME. J. Tribol. 1990;112(2):313-314. doi:10.1115/1.2924234.


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Who developed your human pheromone-enhanced product?
James Vaughn Kohl has worked as a clinical laboratory scientist since 1974, and he has devoted more than twenty-five years to researching the relationship between the sense of smell and the development of human sexual preferences. Unlike many researchers who work with non-human subjects, clinical laboratory scientists use the latest technology from many scientific disciplines to perform a variety of specialized diagnostic medical testing on people.
James V. Kohl is certified with the American Society for Clinical Pathology, American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science, and the American Medical Technologists. He is a member of the Society for Neuroscience, the Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, the Association for Chemoreception Sciences, the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, the International Society for Human Ethology and Mensa, the international high IQ society.
Kohl began presenting his findings to the scientific community in 1992, and continues to present to, and publish for, diverse scientific and lay audiences, while constantly monitoring the scientific presses for new information that is relevant to the development of his initial and ongoing conceptualization of human pheromones.
Presentations: James V. Kohl was invited to participate during the prestigious International Behavioral Development Symposium: Biological Basis of Sexual Orientation and Sex-Typical Behavior (1995), which is reported here: "… 89 scientists participated… [T]he conference was… the first to assemble virtually all the top researchers in the field." He returned to participate in the equally prestigious second symposium held in2000, and the third symposium held in 2005.
Publications: His 2001 peer-reviewed journal publication Human Pheromones: Integrating Neuroendocrinology and Ethology (with distinguished colleagues from Vienna) detailed the role of human pheromones in heterosexual attraction, and received The Zdenek Klein award for the best paper linking hormones and behavior. James Kohl recently contributed a book chapter on human pheromones to the Handbook of the Evolution of Human Sexuality. "The Mind's Eyes: Human Pheromones, Neuroscience, and Male Sexual Preferences" was simultaneously published in the Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality. For his most recent publication, he received the 2007 Reiss Theory Award from the Foundation for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (FSSS). The award is given annually for the best social science article, chapter, or book published in the previous year in which theoretical explanations of human sexual attitudes and behaviors are developed.
In conjunction with the award, Kohl was an invited plenary session speaker at the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (SSSS) in November, 2007, which was held in Indianapolis, Indiana.
In 1996, James Kohl established the Internet domain pheromones.com as an information source – when the concept of human pheromones was a new concept. Pheromones.com continues to include the latest information that supports Kohl's biologically based model for the development of human sexual preferences. This is one reason why James V. Kohl is considered by many to be the foremost internationally known authority on human pheromones.
James V. Kohl's 1995 book was released in 2002 as an updated paperback edition. Kohl's concept of human pheromones, which was first presented in 1992, is no longer new. Using a wealth of published research findings, he has fully detailed the overwhelming evidence for the effect of pheromones on physiology and their unconscious affect on human sexual preferences and human sexual behavior. Recently, Kohl integrated scientific evidence that pinpoints the physiological effects of pheromones by linking them to genes in hormone-secreting cells of tissue in a specific area of the brain that is primarily involved in the integration of olfactory and visual input, and in the development of human sexual preferences.
Additional Presentations and Publications:
Kohl, J.V. (2007) The Mind's Eyes: Modeling the Development of Diverse Sexual Preferences. Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality 50th Annual Meeting November 6-11, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Kelahan, L., Hoffmann, H., Kohl, J.V. (2007) [Putative human pheromones] may condition a human hormonal effect/behavioral affect. Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality 50th Annual Meeting November 6-11, Indianapolis, Indiana
Kelahan, L., Hoffmann, H., Kohl, J.V. (2007) [Putative human pheromones] may condition a human hormonal effect/behavioral affect. Association for Chemoreception Sciences 29th Annual Meeting April 25-29 Sarasota, Florida.
Kohl, JV (2006) The Mind's Eyes: Human Pheromones, Neuroscience, and Male Sexual Preferences. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality. 18 (4) 313-369.
Kohl, JV (2006) The Mind's Eyes: Human Pheromones, Neuroscience, and Male Sexual Preferences. Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada. November 9-12.
Kohl, JV (2005) Human Pheromones, Neuroscience, and Male Homosexual Orientation. International Behavioral Development Symposium. Minot, ND, Aug 3-6. This symposium presentation is linked to an introductory article: Perfuming the Mind in the Fall 2005/Winter 2006 issue of Entelechy: Mind and Culture.
Kohl, JV (2004) Book Review: Pheromones and Animal Behaviour: Communication by Smell and Taste by Tristram D. Wyatt. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Kohl, JV (2003) Human Pheromones; current information. Pheromone Conference, March 21-23, Laughlin, Nevada.
Kohl, JV (2003) Book Review: The Emperor of Scent: A Story of Perfume, Obsession and the Last Mystery of the Senses by Chandler Burr. New York: Random House (2003). Reviewed by James Vaughn Kohl.
Kohl, JV and Francoeur, RT (2002) The Scent of Eros: Mysteries of Odor in Human Sexuality (updated paperback edition). available here:
Kohl, JV (2002) Homosexual Orientation in Males: Human Pheromones and Neuroscience: neuroendocrinology: The Bulletin for Section #44 (Psychotherapy) of the World Psychiatric Association and the Across-Species Comparisons and Psychopathology Society 3 (2), 19-24.
Kohl JV (2002) Homosexual Orientation in Males: Human Pheromones and Neuroscience: Sexually Dimorphic Neuroanatomy and Sex Differences in Behavior. The Bulletin for Section #44 (Psychotherapy) of the World Psychiatric Association and the Across-Species Comparisons and Psychopathology Society 3 (4) 14-19.
Kohl, JV. Pheromones and Human Sexuality. Orange County Mensa Regional Gathering. August 9-11, 2002. Costa Mesa, California
Kohl, JV (2001) Book Review: The Biology of Love by Arthur Janov. New York: Prometheus (2000).
Kohl, JV (2001) Olfaction and Imprinting. Across-Species Comparisons and Psychopathology Bulletin: 2 (5), p. 23.
Kohl JV, Atzmueller M, Fink B, & Grammer K (2001) Human Pheromones: Integrating Neuroendocrinology and Ethology. Neuroendocrinology Letters: 22(5) 309-321.HERE
Kohl, JV (2001) Human Pheromones and a Mammalian Model of Mate Preference
Association for Chemoreception Sciences, Sarasota Florida, Apr 25-29
Kohl, JV (2001) Anoxia: The Cause; and Primal Scream Therapy: The Cure-All. Book Review: The Biology of Love by Arthur Janov. The Journal of Sex Research: 38 (4) 381-2. HERE
Kohl, JV (2000) Human Pheromones: The essence of, and basis for, sexual attraction. Mensa Regional Gathering. Las Vegas, NV, Dec 15-17.
Kohl, JV (2000) Human Pheromones and Mammalian Behavior. International Behavioral Development Symposium. Minot, ND, May 25-27.
Kohl, JV (2000) Human Pheromones: The Chemistry and Scent of Eroticism. Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality Western Region Annual Conference, San Diego, CA, Apr 6-9.
Kohl, JV (1999) Human pheromones and physical attraction: more than meets the eye. Annual Meeting of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Salt Lake City, UT, Jun 2-6.
Kohl, JV (1998) Human pheromones and the neuroendocrinology of behavior. International Society for Human Ethology, Fourteenth Biennial Conference, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada, Aug 19-23.
Kohl, JV (1998) Primacy of olfaction. Across-Species Comparisons and Psychopathology, 11, 5, 19-21.
Kohl, JV (1997) Human pheromones. Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, Western Region Annual Conference, Newport Beach, CA, Apr 3-6.
Kohl, JV (1996) Mammalian olfactory-genetic-neuronal-hormonal-behavioral reciprocity and human sexuality. Association for Chemoreception Sciences, Sarasota, FL, Apr 17-21.
Kohl, J. (1996). Human pheromones: Mammalian olfactory, genetic, neuronal, hormonal and behavioral reciprocity, and human sexuality. Advances in Human Behavior and Evolution. http://psych.lmu.edu/ahbe.htm
Kohl, JV (1995) Human pheromones: linking the nature and the nurture of human sexuality through reciprocity in olfactory-genetic-neuronal-hormonal-behavioral relationships. International Behavioral Development Symposium: Biological Basis of Sexual Orientation and Sex-Typical Behavior, Minot, ND, May 25-27, 49.
Kohl, JV (1995) Olfactory-genetic-neuronal-hormonal reciprocity in learning, memory, behavior and in immune function. 3rd International Conference on Anti-Aging Medicine and Biomedical Technology, Las Vegas, NV, Dec 9-11.
Kohl, JV (1994) Human pheromones: the link between the nature and the nurture of human sexuality? Annual Meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex, Miami, FL, Nov 3-6.
Kohl, JV with Francoeur, RT, Perkins, A, & Coleman, E. (1993) Hormones and human sexual behavior. Symposium: Annual Meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex, Chicago, IL, Nov 4-7.
Kohl, JV (1993) Are olfactory-hormonal relationships primary determinants of human sexual behavior? Annual Meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex, Chicago, IL, Nov 4-7.
Kohl, JV (1993) Olfaction, the endocrine system and human sexual behavior? Annual Meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex, Chicago, IL, Nov 4-7.
Kohl, JV (1992) Luteinizing hormone: The link between sex and the sense of smell? Annual Meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex, San Diego, CA, Nov 12-15.
For further information, or to inquire about either a reciprocal site link or an email link to this site please contact James V. Kohl: jvkohl@bellsouth.net
Anecdotal information about how pheromones have influenced your behavior, or the behavior of someone you know, is always welcome. Unfortunately, Kohl is not always able to respond to such information.
Links to colleagues:
Dr. Richard Axel: 2004 Nobel Laureate (Physiology or Medicine)
Miscellaneous Mental Health Resources
The Lucifer Principle and The Global Brain
Howard Bloom's theories connecting pheromonal transmission, social mood swings, history, evolution, physiology and psychology have been called "mesmerizing" (The Washington Post), "revolutionary" (Elizabeth F. Loftus, Professor of Psychology, University of Washington, author of Memory and Eyewitness Testimony), "a long step forward in the human effort to understand human biology" (Dr. Richard Bergland, founder of the department of neurosurgery, Sloan/Kettering, author of The Fabric of Mind), and "great fun to read" (Martin Gardner, author, "Mathematical Games" section, Scientific American, 1956-1983, contributor, The New York Review of Books, author, The Annotated Alice, The New Ambidextrous Universe, On the Wild Side, etc., etc.). Wired Magazine compares Bloom's book The Lucifer Principle: a scientific expedition into the forces of history to the works of Charles Darwin.
Darwin's Radio and Darwin's Children
Greg Bear's award-winning science fiction shows that he is well informed about human pheromones and their affects on behavior. He incorporates his scientific knowledge, while anticipating knowledge that is yet to come. Greg's "raw insight" is amazing!
Helen Fisher reviewed The Scent of Eros: Mysteries of Odor in Human Sexuality before it was published in 1995, and said "This is science at its best, with adventure, ideas, and lots of facts… You will never look at your lover or your family the same way again."
Teresa Binstock: Interests/Expertise: autism, vaccination, genomic sex differences which are neither gonadal nor hormonal; immunological components of sexual- and gender- orientations. See her publication: Binstock T. An immune hypothesis of sexual orientation. Med Hypotheses. 2001 Nov;57(5):583-90. Abstract HERE:
Dr. Michael Baum's Lab
Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute: Pheromones and Communication
Prof. Tim Jacobs: Smell Research Laboratory
Dr. Karl L. Wuensch: Anosmia
Dr. Regina Maiworm – Human Olfactory Communication by Pheromones
Dr. Irenaeus Eibl-Eibesfeldt: Human Non-Verbal Communication
Dr. Martha McClintock: Pheromones/Behavior and endocrine function
Dr. Ray Noonan's Links (see Sexuality and Gender)
Dr. Marty Klein's Sexual Intelligence
Debby Golden's sex site
Dr. J. Michael Bailey
Dr. Ivanka Savic
Monell Chemical Senses Center
Sense of Smell Institute


(1) None of the accused was even given the opportunity to argue the case against them.(2) Quite often, as in your case , only the eyes cause problems and the usual treatment is to provide artificial tears or a gel.(3) In my case , I had a complete nightmare with my bank when I tried to change an insurance policy.(4) If the juror had spoken up, as he should have, he would surely have been told he should not sit on the case .(5) The victim then discovered the bag contained a carry case with three bottles of water inside.(6) She normally only saw one case of the virus a year.(7) Whether this was a case of poor finishing or inspired goal keeping is open to debate.(8) A wealth of studies indicate that a good case can be made for the first of these claims.(9) I'm a sad case(10) he was a bad case(11) The case contains a single liner card without a spine to enable identification when shelved.(12) For the detectives on the case though, there will be no celebration at today's conviction.(13) they reviewed the case(14) a former employee brought the case against the council(15) She sat down and extracted a silver cigarette case from a small handbag hidden amongst the folds of her enormous dress.(16) In your case , the personal issues are clear, with your wish to retire and with no family succession.
Meaning and definitions of case, translation in Urdu language for case with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of case in Urdu and in English language.
Tags for the entry "case"
What case means in Urdu, case meaning in Urdu, case definition, examples and pronunciation of case in Urdu language.


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Q: When i put my usb flash drive in nothing happens, but there is sound for usb my title said everything, when i put my usb flash drive in nothing happens, but there is sound for usb. In my computer nothing shows.
Thanks

A: Sound means that your device has sensed VBUS from your port, and asserted "connect" event" - pulled D+ high. This results in connect sound. However, it looks like your device failed to respond to enumeration sequence that must follow the connect event. The investigation depends on whether the port is USB3.0 port, and if the device is USB3 device.
If the drive is USB2, failure to enumerate can be caused:
(a) failure in digital logic in flash drive: drive fails to respond to USB_RESET signaling, or fails to respond to GET_DESCRIPTOR inquiry. Did you try your flash drive in any other computer?
(b) Out-of range termination in the flash drive, such that the host detects false disconnect event;
(c) Host port has too much sensitivity in disconnect detector, so with (b) it causes premature disconnect and failure of enumeration.
(d) Host failed to provide correct chirp sequence, or chirp amplitude is marginal..
To find the root cause,

*

*check if the flash drive works in any other (preferably older) computer;

*check if any other flash drive works in the failing port;

*check if your USB port recognizes any other USB device, keyboard, mice, webcam, something.

*Use a tool to visualize USB bus activity, to see if the enumeration attempt happens only three-four times, or D+ cycles forever. In case of USB3 drive the dongle will show if the flash drive first tried to connect at Super-Speed rate.

*Use USB protocol analyzer to determine the cause of failure.

A: Only mounted filesystems show in My Computer. Drives show in Disk Management. If the device shows up in Disk Management, nothing is wrong.
Sometimes filesystems are mounted automatically on insertion. This has created the unfortunate expectation that this will always happen. Not having a filesystem mount automatically is not unusual and does not indicate a problem if the device appears in the Device Manager and in Disk Management. You can mount any filesystems from Disk Management.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
We don't have a biography for John Cenatiempo.
A getaway driver for a bank robbery realizes he has been double crossed and races to find out who betrayed him.
Stars: Frank Grillo, Caitlin Carmichael, Garret Dillahunt, Shea Whigham, Wendy Moniz, John Cenatiempo, George Carroll, Jeffrey Samai, William Xifaras, Seth Ayott, Eddie J. Fernandez Jr., John Vincent Mason, Joe Dryden, James Fierro, Chris Nolte, Mike Fierro, Jeff Medeiros, Patrick M. Walsh
Former cop Brian O'Conner is called upon to bust a dangerous criminal and he recruits the help of a former childhood friend and street racer who has a chance to redeem himself.
Stars: Paul Walker, Tyrese Gibson, Cole Hauser, Eva Mendes, Ludacris, Thom Barry, James Remar, Devon Aoki, Amaury Nolasco, Michael Ealy, Jin Au-Yeung, Edward Finlay, Mark Boone Junior, Mo Gallini, Roberto 'Sanz' Sanchez, Eric Etebari, John Cenatiempo, Troy Brown
Killerman
Two NYC money launderers make a quick drug deal. Things go wrong, as dirty cops are involved. One of the friends gets amnesia during their escape with the drugs and money.
Stars: Liam Hemsworth, Emory Cohen, Diane Guerrero, Zlatko Buric, Suraj Sharma, Nickola Shreli, Mike Moh, John Cenatiempo, Souleymane Sy Savane, Stivi Paskoski, Richie Ng, Reza Nader, Malik Bader, Julia Vasi, Coletrane Williams, Ellis Cox-McAllister, Richard Goteri, Michael Mili
Mechanic: Resurrection
Bishop's most formidable foe kidnaps the love of his life in order to make him complete three impossible assassinations and make them look like accidents.
Country: Bulgaria, France, Germany, United States
Stars: Jason Statham, Jessica Alba, Tommy Lee Jones, Michelle Yeoh, Sam Hazeldine, John Cenatiempo, Toby Eddington, Femi Elufowoju Jr., Anteo Quintavalle, Yayaying Rhatha Phongam, Bonnie Zellerbach, Stuart Thorp, Alex Kuzelicki, Brahim Chab, Thomas Kiwi, Andrew Stehlin, Francis Tonkala Tamouya, Tais Rodrigues Dias
Dead Man Down
In New York City, a crime lord's right-hand man is helped by a woman seeking retribution.
Stars: Colin Farrell, Noomi Rapace, Dominic Cooper, Terrence Howard, Isabelle Huppert, Luis Da Silva Jr., Stu Bennett, Franky G, Declan Mulvey, John Cenatiempo, Roy James Wilson, Myles Humphus, Stephen Hill, Aaron Vexler, James Biberi, F. Murray Abraham, Andrew Stewart-Jones, Krystal Tini
Martin Riggs and Roger Murtaugh pursue a former LAPD officer who uses his knowledge of police procedure and policies to steal and sell confiscated guns and ammunition to local street gangs.
Stars: Mel Gibson, Danny Glover, Joe Pesci, Rene Russo, Stuart Wilson, Steve Kahan, Darlene Love, Traci Wolfe, Damon Hines, Ebonie Smith, Gregory Millar, Nick Chinlund, Jason Rainwater, Alan Scarfe, Delores Hall, Mary Ellen Trainor, Mark Pellegrino, John Cenatiempo
An angel under the thumb of a ruthless gangster is saved by a trumpet player down on his luck.
Stars: Mickey Rourke, Megan Fox, Bill Murray, Kelly Lynch, Rhys Ifans, Chuck Liddell, Chris Browning, Mark Sivertsen, John Cenatiempo, Rory Cochrane, Frank Bond, Arron Shiver, Lora Martinez-Cunningham, Robert Wisdom, Liezl Carstens, Alex Essoe, Brian Doyle-Murray, Marc Miles
Wrong Turn at Tahoe
A small-time crime boss kills a drug dealer without realizing that the drug dealer works for the biggest crime boss in the country.
Stars: Cuba Gooding Jr., Miguel Ferrer, Harvey Keitel, Alex Meneses, Leonor Varela, Michael Sean Tighe, Noel Gugliemi, Johnny Messner, Reed McColm, Mike Starr, Louis Mandylor, John Cenatiempo, M. Scott Sue, Paul Sampson, Walter Poole, Edward Nickerson, Cole S. McKay, Gary Williams
Stars: Paulo Araujo, Daniel Tay, Ty Thomas Reed, Brian O'Neill, Alec Baldwin, Scott Caan, Jerry Ferrara, Freddie Prinze Jr., Mena Suvari, Alexa Havins, Christian Maelen, Chris Caldovino, John Cenatiempo, Staci Rudnitsky, Annie Golden, Monica Keena, Tibor Feldman, Dan McCabe


text:
Soil Respiration at Dominant Patch Types within a Managed Northern Wisconsin Landscape
Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Michigan Technological University
Jiquan Chen, The University of Toledo
Eric J. Gustafson, USDA Forest Service
Siyan Ma, The University of Toledo
Soil respiration (SR), a substantial component of the forest carbon budget, has been studied extensively at the ecosystem, regional, continental, and global scales, but little progress has been made toward understanding SR over managed forest landscapes. Soil respiration is often influenced by soil temperature (Ts), soil moisture (Ms), and type of vegetation, and these factors vary widely among the patch types within a landscape. We measured SR, Ts, Ms, and litter depth (LD) during the 1999 and 2000 growing seasons within six dominant patch types (mature northern hardwoods, young northern hardwoods, clear-cuts, open-canopy Jack pine barrens, mature Jack pine, and mature red pine) on a managed forest landscape in northern Wisconsin, USA. We compared SR among and within the patch types and derived empirically based models that relate SR to Ts, Ms, and LD. Increased levels of soil moisture and higher temperatures in June-September 1999 may have accounted for the up to 37% overall higher SR than in this same period in 2000. In 2000, SR and T s values were lower, and the sites may have been experiencing slight water limitations, but in general Ts was a much more accurate predictor of SR during this year. Empirical predictions of SR within each patch type derived from continuous Ts measurements were in close agreement with measured values of SR during 2000, but eight of 22 of the simulated values were significantly different (α = 0.05) from the rates measured in 1999. The young hardwoods consistently had the highest SR, whereas the pine barrens had the lowest. Results from our field studies and empirical models can help land managers assess landscape responses to potential disturbances and climatic changes.
Euskirchen, E., Chen, J., Gustafson, E., & Ma, S. (2003). Soil Respiration at Dominant Patch Types within a Managed Northern Wisconsin Landscape. Ecosystems, 6(6), 595-607. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-002-0167-8


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Fits most engines including Lycoming Wide Deck 320, 360, 540, 720, and Continental 470, 520, and 550 series engines.
Made of fuel and solvent resistant polymer. Price is for a pair.


text:
El Desfiladero del Borgo, Collado de Borgo o Paso de Borgo, también conocido como el Paso Tihuța (rumano: Pasul Tihuța; húngaro: Borgo o Burgo) es un puerto de montaña de Rumanía situado en las montañas Bârgău, en los Cárpatos orientales, que comunica las ciudades de Bistriţa (Transilvania) con Vatra Dornei (Bukovina, Moldavia).

El desfiladero, popularizado por la novela de Bram Stoker Drácula, ya que era la entrada a los dominios del Conde Drácula, está situado a una altura de 1.201 metros.

Las carreteras europeas E58 y la carretera nacional DN17, la principal vía de conexión entre Transilvania y Moldavia, atraviesan este puerto de difícil acceso para los montañeros a lo largo de la historia. En el desfiladero se encuentra la población de Piatra Fântânele, Bistrița-Năsăud.

Véase también
 Puertos de montaña más altos del mundo

Puertos de montaña de Rumania
Montañas de los Cárpatos


Arguably one of the greatest cities in the USA, and certainly in California, this Pacific-coast marvel is also home to one of America's premier dark-tourism attractions: Alcatraz. In addition there's the earthquake-prone natural history as well as the historic civil rights struggle especially of the LGBT community, which also has had its dark elements.
More background info: San Francisco was founded by the Spanish in 1776 as a mission named after Francis of Assisi, became part of Mexico in 1821 and then the USA in 1848.
Shortly after the great Californian Gold Rush started which led to a massive boom in the city's population. San Francisco became the largest conurbation in California.
In 1906 disaster struck and put San Francisco in the media worldwide: a massive earthquake – and the subsequent fires that started from ruptured gas pipes that ignited – destroyed ca. 80% of the city, including almost the entire downtown area. Up to a quarter of a million people were made homeless, and an estimated 3000 died in the disaster, making it the worst natural disaster in modern US history.
The area is generally prone to earthquakes, due to the nearby San Andreas Fault that extends roughly parallel to the Pacific coast through much of California. This precarious geography made itself known again in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (with its epicentre near Santa Cruz) that caused major destruction also in San Francisco. A section of the San-Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge as well as parts of elevated highways on land collapsed. Some of the latter subsequently had to be demolished altogether (which in turn, looking on the bright side, opened up the Embarcadero area for redevelopment).
The city has seen a lot of shake-ups not only in that natural sense, but also culturally, especially counter-culturally. In the 1960s and 70s, San Francisco became one of the centres of the hippie movement, concentrated in particular in the Haight-Ashbury district, culminating in the 1967 "summer of love".
Also from the 1970s, the gay rights movement (now LGBT movement) emerged from its centre in the Castro District. San Francisco became known as the "gay capital of the world". With about 15% of the overall population, this particular minority does indeed have a higher representation in San Francisco than in any other American city.
From the 1980s onwards homelessness became a massive problem. Still today, there are parts of the city where this is a shockingly visible side of San Francisco's character. Drugs also form part of the cocktail of problems in this respect. The vestiges of the "free spirit" attitudes of the hippie era may have contributed to large numbers of homeless people as well, in a way that obviously hadn't been anticipated in the golden days of the movement.
With the advent of the so-called dot-com boom in the late 1990s and its subsequent incarnations in the 2000s, the city's economy blossomed again, but it also brought with it a high degree of gentrification, as affluent Silicon Valley employees moved into now fashionable former working-class districts, which only increased the pressure on the housing issues in San Francisco. Living costs overall are amongst the highest of any city in the USA.
Given what a hugely tragic and defining event the 1906 earthquake was in the history of San Francisco, it is perhaps surprising to find that this is hardly commodified at all. There is no dedicated museum about it, nor even a special section in any other museum, at least not in the city itself.
But I've heard of a place called The Bay Model, part of a US Army Corps of Engineers Museum over in Sausalito in Marin County, north of San Francisco itself. This is said to have something about the quake, but I did not have time to check it out when I was in the are in 2015.
Nor did I have a chance to head further north still, namely to Point Reyes National Seashore, where you can go on a so-called "Earthquake Trail". It's a fairly short, easy loop that starts at Bear Valley Visitor Center and takes you to near the epicentre of the earthquake on the San Andreas Fault Line. You can see a fence ripped apart, bearing witness to the forces of nature here, and interpretive signs provide further information about the geology of the area.
The only indication of some tourist commodification of the earthquake story that I encountered within the city limits of San Francisco were some items such as historic photos for sale in a souvenir shop at Pier 39 at Fisherman's Wharf (see below). Otherwise there are allegedly a few scars and burn marks still visible on the few houses that survived the earthquake and the fires, such as the Fairmont Hotel, but I haven't seen these myself.
In the absence of any real museum, the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco at least provides a substantial section about the 1906 earthquake with plenty of photos and documents from the time (sfmuseum.org).
For those interested in WWII history, there two more attractions worth mentioning, both at the waterfront at Pier 45, at the western end of Fisherman's Wharf.
Location: in the northern half of California, USA, on the Pacific coast, some 350 miles (565 km) north of Los Angeles, on a peninsula west of the Bay and south of the Golden Gate.
Access and costs: fairly easy to get to; not cheap.
Details: San Francisco is well connected by air, with its own international airport and another one just across the Bay at Oakland (with somewhat cheaper domestic connections), giving access to practically everywhere else in the USA.
Locally, the BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit) network provides rail connections to the entire Bay area as well as to San Francisco airport.
Getting around within the central parts of San Francisco is doable on foot – although some may find the many steep gradients up and down the city's many hills too strenuous.
The fabled cable cars are more a tourist attraction than a practical means of transport, but as long as you don't mind long waits to get on (and I really mean looooong! factor in at least an hour or two on a busy day!) and the steep fare price, they can provide a useful north-south link between Fisherman's Wharf and Market Street.
Along Market Street and now also the Embarcadero all the way to Fisherman's Wharf, historic tram lines on the F line provide a useful alternative with a bit of a historical touch.
For purely practical transport, especially longer distances within the city, "Muni" (short for San Francisco Municipal Railway) runs a network of metro lines as well as buses.
Accommodation in San Francisco can be quite pricey. There is little at the budget end, and what there is often comes with compromises (such as shared facilities). But there are also some decent enough mid-range choices. Many hotels are clustered around the Union Square area.
As for food & drink, San Francisco, like many large cosmopolitan cities in the USA, offers a vast range of cuisines from many corners of the world. Chinese and Japanese feature prominently, for historic reasons, but I also had excellent meals at an organic, vegan (!) Mexican place called "Gracias Madre" as well as outstanding seafood at an authentic Peruvian restaurant in the Pacific Heights District.
San Francisco is the birth place of the craft beer boom in California (and now virtually the whole US – and various other parts of the world), sparked by the success of the Anchor brewery in the Potrero Hill district from the late 1980s onwards. From the mid-1990s the trend grew and has since exploded to the degree that the range of brews available in the Bay area is beyond grasp. San Francisco is as much a heaven for a quality beer as San Diego or Seattle.
Given the proximity of California's viticultural homelands, wine is of course also easily available in all price categories. However, that proximity does not translate into a more affordable price level than elsewhere.
Generally, it has to be said, eating out and drinking in San Francisco is anything but cheap. Bills can really pile up quickly here.
The climate of San Francisco and the Bay is markedly different to the rest of California, even to other coastal areas such as L.A. or San Diego. It hardly ever gets as stifling hot here. Thanks to the cold waters of the Pacific and the peculiar local climate, with regular fogs, the city is sometimes said to have "its own natural air conditioning". While this makes the height of summer more tolerable, this also means that you need to be prepared for quite cold spells and dress accordingly (layers!), especially if you're going out into the Bay by boat (e.g. to Alcatraz).
Time required: the city is worth at least a few days, though you could easily spend upwards of a week here without running out of things to do. For just the dark sights picked out here, two days may just about suffice.
Combinations with other dark destinations: in general see under USA.
The closest sites of dark-tourist interest are in Southern California, in Los Angeles, or up the Pacific coast in Seattle, and especially Mount St Helens just inland.
Combinations with non-dark destinations: San Francisco is one of the most popular destinations for mainstream city tourism, and one of its key industries with something like 18 million visitors annually. There are more famous sights than can be listed here, so I'll pick out only a few.
Amongst the best-known attractions is one that is actually not stationary but mobile: the famous cable cars. One of the world's oldest public transport systems still in use in its original form, the manually operated little carriages have an unmistakable "period charm" and are an icon of the city. They are these days mostly used by tourists – and form part of the distinctive "San Francisco experience".
Unfortunately, this also means that fares are very high, so high that the mere transport aspect can hardly justify the price level. Yet, throngs of tourists queue up every day to get on the cable cars at the end of the lines. Crowd management is tough, and at intermediate stops your chances of getting aboard are often slim.
The most characteristic and widespread architectural trait of the city are the many Victorian-era wooden houses that line the sides of many a street, especially in the Western Addition and Pacific Heights districts, but also elsewhere. Owing to their often colourful facades they became known as "Painted Ladies".
One of the world's most recognizable landmarks of modern architecture is the Transamerica Pyramid, still the tallest in the city, and due to its unique shape one of the most iconic structures in the USA. It is in the heart of the Financial District, which also features many older, more traditional Chicago-style high-rises.
One of the most unusual tourist sights is the one-way stretch of Lombard Street that descends Russian Hill in eight sharp switchbacks. As allegedly "the world's crookedest street" it attracts not only hordes of pedestrians who come to see and photograph it from the sidewalks at the top and bottom, but also tourists in (rental) vehicles eager to drive it. There is another street vying for the title of "most crookedest", namely Vermont Street on Potrero Hill. In terms of 'sinuosity' (look it up!) the latter is indeed "more crooked", but it has only seven switchbacks … I'll leave it to you to decide which is more important.
The principal area of the most noticeable touristification in San Francisco is the waterfront part known as Fisherman's Wharf. Not only do the various ferries and pleasure boats depart from here (including to Alcatraz), there is also a veritable funfair atmosphere in parts of the area, especially at Pier 39 with its carousel, souvenir shops, restaurants and other entertainment.
Just to the west of the tip of Pier 39 a colony of sea lions has taken up residence on wooden landing stages that were originally intended for small yachts and motor boats (the sea lions first arrived in 1989, shortly before the Loma Prieta earthquake). The population fluctuates, but when they are there in sufficient numbers, it is quite a spectacle to behold!
Away from the waterfront, San Francisco is characterized by many steep hills (hence those crooked streets!), which makes walking a bit strenuous at times, but also makes for good views every so often. One of the flatter districts of note is the Mission District, named after the famous former Mission Dolores, once famous for being one of the epicentres of the American punk movement (including the legendary Dead Kennedys) and also for immigrants from Central America and Mexico. In more recent years, however, there's been increasing gentrification that changed the character of the district (an issue in many other once "alternative" parts of San Francisco too).
Ethnically defined districts in the city include yet another Chinatown, but also a noticeable Japanese influence especially in the aptly dubbed "Japantown"!
Decidedly European influences can be seen in the architecture of e.g. the neo-Gothic Grace Cathedral and the City Hall, which looks pretty much like many state capitols with its huge central dome (taller than that of the US Capitol in Washington D.C.!).
A complete folly, but one of the most noticeable structures near the waterfront is Coit Tower, a functionless phallic monument from the outside, except for an observation deck near the top, but inside it features a number of murals, some of which have an almost socialist-realist style.
A total contrast is the entirely functionalist Sutro Tower, a three-pronged metal TV and radio antenna mast painted in red and white and visible from almost all over the city (and I'm sure quite a few people wish that it wasn't – a beauty it is not).
Speaking of visibility – the city is famous for the fog that comes rolling in from the cold Pacific waters, though often the mist is held back at the entrance to the bay. When the fog does get through it can completely shroud the Golden Gate Bridge and even parts of the city. This weather phenomenon, too, is amongst the characteristics the city is famous for. And it can indeed be spectacular to behold.
Further afield the numerous attractions of California beckon, with the only coastal old-growth redwood forest of Muir Woods north of the Golden Gate, and the fabled coastal strip Big Sur to the south, amongst the most easily accessible.
See also under USA in general.


text:
Issuing Weapons
Heroes Remember
Recommend Video 18 Recommends
We were sent over to the QM stores to draw weapons. We went over there and the sergeant he says, "What do you want?" We say, "Well we're over here to draw our weapons." The film is full of unit sergeants, you know. So he turned around and he picks up this rifle. I said, "What's that for?" He said, "That's your weapon." I said, "I can't carry that." Well he said, "That's what's on the establishment list — is rifles." I said, "Well, I'm not taking it." Well, he says "I don't care if you take it or not." you know. So he said ... we got talking and he said, "You know you're right." He says, "How in the hell could you ... you can't carry a rifle and use it and your camera and photograph." I never wore a steel helmet either — 'cause a steel helmet got in the way. So anyway I went back and the Major McDougall says, "Did you get your weapon?" I said, "No." I said, "They want to issue us rifles." He said, "Well, that's on the establishment." I said, "Look sir," I said, "Use your brains." This is my CO. I said, "How do you expect us to carry a rifle and use it and our tripods and our cameras, you know? What are we supposed to do ... drop the camera and everything and grab the rifle?" He says, "I got your point." He said, "We'll look into it." So, they got a hold of the ordinance and it had to be . they changed the establishment then to pistols. Later on, up in Europe they took our revolvers away from us and gave us Brownings — Belgian Browning 9mms. Didn't like 'em. I liked my old Smith & Wesson. Never jammed.
Mr. Quick goes to get his weapon and they try to give him a rifle. He refuses to take it and explains why.
Norman Quick
Mr. Quick was born in Toronto, Ontario on April 22, 1921. His father, a cinematographer, moved the family to Ottawa when he was very young and he remembers in particular, playing a lot of hockey wearing homemade equipment. Mr. Quick enlisted in the Medical Corps, but quickly transferred to the Film and Photo Corps once it was formed in England. His active service took him to Italy, where he filmed such notable actions as Ortona and Monte Cassino. Interestingly, he and his crew adopted a teenage boy named Ilio, who accompanied the Canadian film crew until its tour in Italy ended. Mr. Quick was then deployed to NW Europe, where he served in France, Belgium, Holland and Germany. He remained in the Canadian Army as a cinematographer, but left after Paul Hellyer amalgamated Canada's Armed Forces. Mr. Quick currently resides in Ottawa, Ontario.
Veterans Affairs Canada
Person Interviewed:
War, Conflict or Mission:
Location/Theatre:
Units/Ship:
Film and Photo Unit
Film Camera Operator
Copyright / Permission to Reproduce
Learning to Protect Yourself
Mr. Quick talks about joining the Film and Photo Unit and some of the training he got from the British Army Film and Photo Unit.
Two Ships Were Hit
Mr. Quick describes going to Italy in a convoy, being dive bombed, and seeing his first dead soldiers near their camp in Campobasso.
Drawing Rations
Mr. Quick describes the makeup of the Film and Photo Unit and negotiating to improve his crew's working environment.
Mr. Quick talks about a time that he was lucky to escape death. He goes on to talk about another photographer who wasn't so lucky.
No Fraternization
Mr. Quick describes getting in trouble for a kind-hearted gesture, but being vindicated by his commanding officer.
Ilio's Story
Mr. Quick describes the adoption of a starving young Italian boy, Ilio, and having him with them for the duration of the Italian Campaign.
You're Nuts!
Mr. Quick describes strategies he used to film events in the battlefield. He also talks about how some of the infantry thought he was nuts for doing what he was doing.
One of the Funniest Things
Mr. Quick tells an amusing story about bartering for eggs with local Italian farmers.