text:
Truman Doctrine
Title: Truman Doctrine
Subject: Carter Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Cold War (1947–53), Containment, Greek Civil War
Collection: 1947, 1947 in International Relations, 1947 in Politics, 1947 in the United States, Foreign Policy Doctrines of the United States, Greece–united States Relations, History of the Foreign Relations of the United States, Presidency of Harry S. Truman, Soviet Union–turkey Relations, Soviet Union–united States Relations, Turkey–united States Relations
The Truman Doctrine was an American foreign policy to stop Soviet imperialism during the Cold War. It was announced to Congress by President Harry S. Truman on March 12, 1947 when he pledged to contain Soviet threats to Greece and Turkey. No American military force was involved; instead Congress appropriated a free gift of financial aid to support the economies and the militaries of Greece and Turkey. More generally, the Truman doctrine implied American support for other nations threatened by Soviet communism. The Truman Doctrine became the foundation of American foreign policy, and led in 1949 to the formation of NATO, a full-fledged military alliance that is in effect to this day. Historians often use Truman's speech to date the start of the Cold War.
Truman told Congress that "it must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."[1] Truman reasoned, because these "totalitarian regimes" coerced "free peoples", they represented a threat to international peace and the national security of the United States. Truman made the plea amid the crisis of the Greek Civil War (1946–49). He argued that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid that they urgently needed, they would inevitably fall to communism with grave consequences throughout the region. Because Turkey and Greece were historic rivals, it was necessary to help both equally, even though the threat to Greece was more immediate. Eric Foner argues, the Truman Doctrine "set a precedent for American assistance to anticommunist regimes throughout the world, no matter how undemocratic, and for the creation of a set of global military alliances directed against the Soviet Union." [2]
For years Britain had supported Greece, but was now near bankruptcy and was forced to radically reduce its involvement. In February 1947, Britain formally requested the United States take over its role in supporting the Greek government.[3] The policy won the support of Republicans who controlled Congress and involved sending $400 million in American money, but no military forces, to the region. The effect was to end the Communist threat, and in 1952 both Greece and Turkey joined NATO, a military alliance that guaranteed their protection.[4]
The Doctrine was informally extended to become the basis of American Cold War policy throughout Europe and around the world.[5] It shifted American foreign policy toward the rollback because it implicitly tolerated the previous Soviet takeovers in Eastern Europe.
Turkish Straits crisis 1
Greek crisis 2
Long-term policy and metaphor 4
Turkish Straits crisis
At the conclusion of World War II, Turkey was pressured by the Soviet government to allow Russian shipping to flow freely through the Turkish Straits, which connected the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. As the Turkish government would not submit to the Soviet Union's requests, tensions arose in the region, leading to a show of naval force on the side of the Soviets. Since British assistance to Turkey had ended in 1947, the U.S. dispatched military aid to ensure that Turkey would retain chief control of the passage. Turkey received $100 million in economic and military aid and the U.S sent the aircraft carrier Franklin D. Roosevelt. The postwar period from 1946 started with a "multi-party period" and the Democratic Party government of Adnan Menderes.[6]
In 1946–47, the United States and the Soviet Union moved from being wartime allies to Cold War adversaries. During that time, Soviet imperialism in Eastern Europe, its delayed withdrawal from Iran, and the breakdown of Allied cooperation in Germany provide the backdrop of escalating tensions for the Truman Doctrine; the US response has been much debated by historians.[5] To Harry S. Truman, with growing unrest in Greece, it began to look like a pincer movement against the oil-rich areas of the Middle East and the warm-water ports of the Mediterranean.[7]
In February 1946, Kennan, an American diplomat in Moscow, sent his famed "Long Telegram", which predicted the Soviets would only respond to force and that the best way to handle them would be through a long-term strategy of containment, that is stopping their geographical expansion. After the British warned that they could no longer help Greece, and following Prime Minister Tsaldaris's visit to Washington in December 1946 to ask for American assistance,[8] the U.S. State Department formulated a plan. Aid would be given to both Greece and Turkey, to help cool the long-standing rivalry between them. In March 1947, President Truman appeared before Congress and used Kennan's Containment policy as the basis for what became known as the Truman Doctrine.
To pass any legislation Truman needed the support of the Republicans, who controlled both houses of Congress. The chief Republican spokesman Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg strongly supported Truman and overcame the doubts of isolationists such as Senator Robert A. Taft.
American policy makers recognized the instability of the region, fearing that if Greece was lost to Communism, Turkey would not last long. Similarly, if Turkey yielded to Soviet demands, the position of Greece would be endangered.[9] That is, it was a regional domino effect threat that guided the American decision. Greece and Turkey were strategic allies important for geographical reasons as well, for the fall of Greece would put the Soviets on a particularly dangerous flank for the Turks, and strengthen the Soviet Union's ability to cut off allied supply lines in the event of war.[10]
The Truman Doctrine was the first in a series of containment moves by the United States, followed by economic restoration of Western Europe through the Marshall Plan and military containment by the creation of NATO in 1949. President Truman made the proclamation in an address to the U.S. Congress on March 12, 1947, amid the crisis of the Greek Civil War (1946–49). Truman insisted that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid that they needed, they would inevitably fall to Communism with consequences throughout the region.
In the second stage of the civil war in December 1944 (The Dekemvriana), the British helped prevent the seizure of Athens by the National Liberation Front (EAM), controlled effectively by the Greek Communist Party (KKE). In the third phase (1946–49), guerrilla forces controlled by the Greek Communist Party (KKE) fought against the internationally recognized Greek government which was formed after 1946 elections boycotted by the KKE. The British realized that the Greek leftists were being directly funded by Josip Broz Tito in neighboring Yugoslavia; the Greek communists received little help directly from the Soviet Union, while Yugoslavia provided support and sanctuary.[11] By late 1946 the weakening British economy informed the United States that it could no longer continue to provide military and economic support to Greece.[12]
In May 1947, two months after Truman's plea, Congress approved $400 million in military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey. Increased American aid helped defeat the KKE, after interim defeats for government forces from 1946 to 1948.
Long-term policy and metaphor
The Truman Doctrine underpinned American Cold War policy in Europe and around the world. The doctrine endured because it addressed a broader cultural insecurity regarding modern life in a globalized world. It dealt with Washington's concern over communism's domino effect, it enabled a media-sensitive presentation of the doctrine that won bipartisan support, and it mobilized American economic power to modernize and stabilize unstable regions without direct military intervention. It brought nation-building activities and modernization programs to the forefront of foreign policy.[5]
The Truman Doctrine became a metaphor for emergency aid to keep a nation from communist influence. Truman used disease imagery not only to communicate a sense of impending disaster in the spread of communism but also to create a "rhetorical vision" of containing it by extending a protective shield around non-communist countries throughout the world. It echoed the "quarantine the aggressor" policy Roosevelt sought to impose to contain German and Japanese expansion in 1937--("quarantine" suggested the role of public health officials handling an infectious disease). The medical metaphor extended beyond the immediate aims of the Truman Doctrine in that the imagery combined with fire and flood imagery evocative of disaster provided the United States with an easy transition to direct military confrontation in later years with communist forces in Korea and Vietnam. By presenting ideological differences in life or death terms, Truman was able to garner support for this communism-containing policy.[13]
Problems playing this file? See .
Liberal internationalism
Reverse course
Turkey–United States relations
Greece-United States relations
^ Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty! An American History (2nd ed. 2008) p 892
^ Alan Bullock, Ernest Bevin: Foreign Secretary pp 368–9; Arnold Offner, Another Such Victory: President Truman and the Cold War, 1945–2002 (2002) p 197; Denise M. Bostdorff, Proclaiming the Truman Doctrine (2008) p 51
^ George McGhee, The U.S.-Turkish-NATO Middle East Connection: How the Truman Doctrine and Turkey's NATO Entry Contained the Soviets in the Middle East, (1990)
^ a b c Merrill 2006.
^ Barın Kayaoğlu, "Strategic imperatives, Democratic rhetoric: The United States and Turkey, 1945–52." Cold War History, Aug 2009, Vol. 9(3) pp. 321–345
^ Painter 2012, p. 29: "Although circumstances differed greatly in Greece, Turkey, and Iran, U.S. officials interpreted events in all three places as part of a Soviet plan to dominate the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. Mention of oil was deliberately deleted from President Harry S. Truman's March 12, 1947, address before Congress pledging resistance to communist expansion anywhere in the world; but guarding access to oil was an important part of the Truman Doctrine. The Truman Doctrine was named after Harry S. Truman. This doctrine stated that that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces."
One draft, for example, of Truman's speech spoke of the "great natural resources" of the Middle East at stake (Kolko & Kolko 1972, p. 341).
^ Bærentzen, Lars, John O. Iatrides, and Ole Langwitz. Smith. Studies in the History of the Greek Civil War, 1945–1949. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum, 1987. 276. Google Books. Web. 28 Apr. 2010. online
^ Bullock, Ernest Bevin: Foreign Secretary (1983) ch 8
^ Ivie 1999.
Beisner, Robert L. Dean Acheson: A Life in the Cold War (2006)
Bostdorff, Denise M. Proclaiming the Truman Doctrine: The Cold War Call to Arms (2008) excerpt and text search
Bullock, Alan. Ernest Bevin: Foreign Secretary, 1945–1951 (1983) on British roles
Edwards, Lee. "Congress and the Origins of the Cold War: The Truman Doctrine," World Affairs, Vol. 151, 1989 online edition
Frazier, Robert. "Acheson and the Formulation of the Truman Doctrine" Journal of Modern Greek Studies 1999 17(2): 229–251. ISSN 0738-1727
Frazier, Robert. "Kennan, 'Universalism,' and the Truman Doctrine," Journal of Cold War Studies, Spring 2009, Vol. 11 Issue 2, pp 3–34
Gaddis, John Lewis. "Reconsiderations: Was the Truman Doctrine a Real Turning Point?" Foreign Affairs 1974 52(2): 386–402. ISSN 0015-7120
Hinds, Lynn Boyd, and Theodore Otto Windt Jr. The Cold War as Rhetoric: The Beginnings, 1945–1950 (1991) online edition
Iatrides, John O. and Nicholas X. Rizopoulos. "The International Dimension of the Greek Civil War." World Policy Journal 2000 17(1): 87–103. Issn: 0740-2775 Fulltext: in Ebsco
Jeffrey, Judith S. Ambiguous Commitments and Uncertain Policies: The Truman Doctrine in Greece, 1947–1952 (2000). 257 pp.
Jones, Howard. "A New Kind of War": America's Global Strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece (1989). 327 pp
Kayaoğlu, Barın. "Strategic imperatives, Democratic rhetoric: The United States and Turkey, 1945–52.," Cold War History, Aug 2009, Vol. 9(3). pp. 321–345
Leffler, Melvyn P. "Strategy, Diplomacy, and the Cold War: the United States, Turkey, and NATO, 1945–1952" Journal of American History 1985 71(4): 807–825. ISSN 0021-8723 in JSTOR
Lykogiannis, Athanasios. Britain and the Greek Economic Crisis, 1944–1947: From Liberation to the Truman Doctrine. U. of Missouri Press, 2002. 287 pp. online edition
McGhee, George. The U.S.-Turkish-NATO Middle East Connection: How the Truman Doctrine and Turkey's NATO Entry Contained the Soviets in the Middle East. (1990). 224 pp.
Meiertöns, Heiko: The Doctrines of US Security Policy – An Evaluation under International Law (2010), ISBN 978-0-521-76648-7.
Offner, Arnold A. "'Another Such Victory': President Truman, American Foreign Policy, and the Cold War." Diplomatic History 1999 23(2): 127–155.ISSN 0145-2096
Pach Jr., Chester J. Arming the Free World: The Origins of the United States Military Assistance Program, 1945–1950, (1991) online edition
Spalding, Elizabeth Edwards. The First Cold Warrior: Harry Truman, Containment, And the Remaking of Liberal Internationalism (2006)
Truman Comments on Greek Politicking, 1947 Shapell Manuscript Foundation
Truman Library website with papers related to the Truman Doctrine
Full text of the speech
Full text and audio of the speech
Cartoon on display at the LoC
33rd President of the United States (1945–1953)
34th Vice President of the United States (1945)
U.S. Senator from Missouri (1935–1945)
1945 inauguration
Potsdam Conference
Agreement on Europe
Declaration to Japan
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
National School Lunch Act
Employment Act of 1946
Council of Economic Advisers
Loyalty Order
National Security Act of 1947
Department of the Air Force
Key West Agreement
Joint Long Range Proving Grounds
Revolt of the Admirals
Committee on Civil Rights
Integration of the Armed Forces
North Atlantic Treaty
Assassination attempt
U.N. Security Council Resolutions 82, 83
Relief of General MacArthur
Office of Defense Mobilization
1952 steel strike
Puerto Rican constitutional referendum, 1952
State of the Union Address (1946
Truman Balcony
"The buck stops here"
Early life and career
Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite
Missouri Office and Courtroom
Truman Committee
Democratic vice presidential nomination of 1944
Memoirs by Harry S. Truman: Year of Decisions
Memoirs by Harry S. Truman: Years of Trial and Hope
Harry S. Truman Farm Home
Harry S. Truman home and National Historic Site
Blair House
Truman Little White House
United States Senate election in Missouri, 1934
Democratic National Convention 1944
United States presidential election, 1944
"Dewey Defeats Truman"
campaign song
Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1952
Truman Day
Harry S Truman Building
Truman Dam and Reservoir
Harry S. Truman Scholarship
Truman Sports Complex
Give 'em Hell, Harry (1975 play and film)
Truman (1995 film)
Bess Wallace Truman (wife)
Margaret Truman (daughter)
John Anderson Truman (father)
Martha Ellen Young Truman (mother)
Clifton Daniel (son-in-law)
Clifton Truman Daniel (grandson)
← Franklin D. Roosevelt
Dwight D. Eisenhower→
ANZUS
Dekemvriana
Yalta Conference
Operation Unthinkable
Gouzenko Affair
Operation Masterdom
Operation Beleaguer
Operation Blacklist Forty
Iran crisis of 1946
Greek Civil War
Corfu Channel incident
Restatement of Policy on Germany
Asian Relations Conference
1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
Tito–Stalin Split
Berlin Blockade
Western betrayal
Eastern Bloc
Western Bloc
Chinese Civil War (Second round)
Malayan Emergency
Bamboo Curtain
1953 Iranian coup d'état
Uprising of 1953 in East Germany
1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
Partition of Vietnam
First Taiwan Strait Crisis
Geneva Summit (1955)
Poznań 1956 protests
Hungarian Revolution of 1956
Syrian Crisis of 1957
Sputnik crisis
Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
Cuban Revolution
Kitchen Debate
Bandung Conference
Bricker Amendment
Operation Gladio
Iraqi July Revolution
"We will bury you"
Congo Crisis
Sino-Soviet split
1960 U-2 incident
Bay of Pigs Invasion
1960 Turkish coup d'état
Soviet–Albanian split
Portuguese Colonial War (Angolan War of Independence
Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
Mozambican War of Independence)
Sino-Indian War
Sarawak Communist Insurgency
Iraqi Ramadan Revolution
1963 Syrian coup d'état
1964 Brazilian coup d'état
United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66)
South African Border War
Transition to the New Order
Domino theory
ASEAN Declaration
Laotian Civil War
Argentine Revolution
Korean DMZ Conflict
Greek military junta of 1967–74
USS Pueblo incident
Prague Spring
Malaysia Communist Insurgency War
Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Iraqi Ba'athist Revolution
Goulash Communism
Sino-Soviet border conflict
Communist insurgency in the Philippines
Corrective Move
1970 Syrian Corrective Revolution
Cambodian Civil War
Ping-pong diplomacy
Corrective Revolution (Egypt)
Four Power Agreement on Berlin
Bangladesh Liberation War
1972 Nixon visit to China
1973 Chilean coup d'état
Carnation Revolution
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
Rhodesian Bush War
Angolan Civil War
Mozambican Civil War
Ogaden War
Ethiopian Civil War
Lebanese Civil War
Sino-Albanian split
Cambodian–Vietnamese War
Sino-Vietnamese War
Iranian Revolution
Operation Condor
Korean Air Lines Flight 902
Seven Days to the River Rhine
Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
Soviet war in Afghanistan
1980 and 1984 Summer Olympics boycotts
1986 Black Sea incident
1988 Black Sea bumping incident
Soviet reaction
Central American crisis
Able Archer 83
Invasion of Grenada
People Power Revolution
Nagorno-Karabakh War
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
Fall of the Berlin Wall
Revolutions of 1989
Mongolian Revolution of 1990
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
Sino-Indian border dispute
Eisenhower Doctrine
Hallstein Doctrine
Kennedy Doctrine
Peaceful coexistence
Ostpolitik
Johnson Doctrine
Brezhnev Doctrine
Nixon Doctrine
Ulbricht Doctrine
Carter Doctrine
Reagan Doctrine
Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War
Monetarism
Neoclassical economics
Reaganomics
Supply-side economics
Thatcherism
Marxism–Leninism
Castroism
Eurocommunism
Guevarism
Hoxhaism
Juche
Maoism
Stalinism
Titoism
Liberal democracy
Comecon
Safari Club
Crusade for Freedom
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Voice of Russia
Nuclear arms race
NATO–Russia relations
Soviet espionage in U.S.
Russian espionage in U.S.
Soviet Union–United States relations
US–Soviet summits
List of conflicts
military relations
Former states
Kingdom of Hawaii
Multilateral relations
Third Border Initiative
Doctrines, policies, concepts
Proclamation of Neutrality
Roosevelt Corollary
Lodge Corollary
Stimson
Wolfowitz
Non-interventionism
Progressive realism
Special Relationship
Taiwan Relations Act
Articles with empty listen template
1947 in politics
1947 in the United States
Presidency of Harry S. Truman
Foreign policy doctrines of the United States
History of the foreign relations of the United States
1947 in international relations
Soviet Union–Turkey relations
Greece–United States relations
Eastern Bloc, Soviet Union, Vietnam War, Berlin Wall, United States
Italy, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Turkey, Canada
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Lyndon B. Johnson, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Democratic Party (United States), Alben W. Barkley
Soviet Union, Cold War, Greece, Greek military junta of 1967–74, Communist Party of Greece
Harry S. Truman, Four Freedoms, United States presidential election, 1936, United States presidential election, 1940, United States presidential election, 1944
Cold War, Soviet Union, Jimmy Carter, United States, Non-Aligned Movement
Korean War, Eastern Bloc, Netherlands, World War II, Nato
Cold War (1947–53)
Joseph Stalin, World War II, Cold War, Soviet Union, Winston Churchill
Cold War, Rollback, Korean War, Communism, Soviet Union


Get The Best Ideas of Home Interior Design about outdoor jacuzzi tubs%0a outdoor jacuzzi tubs%0a There are a lot of inspiration about home interior and house decorating ideas out there. But we try to give you some of our best photos gallery collection regarding outdoor jacuzzi tubs%0a that we get from various source. Hope you enjoy!


text:
Your letters for Sept. 21
Seniors forgotten in electioneering
It really is disappointing. Canada's federal election is next month and only two party leaders have made any mention of seniors, caregiving, and/or caregiving-related issues in their campaign platforms.
Statistics Canada reports that "The proportion of the senior population (aged 65 and older) has been increasing steadily over the past 40 years. From 1971 to 2010, the proportion of seniors in the population grew from 8% to 14%." Something else to contemplate is that the number of Canadian seniors has surpassed the number of children (aged 14 and under). Considering our country's aging baby boomers, this ratio will only grow.
Seniors and caregiving should be top of mind for party leaders. As a former co-caregiver for my own aging parents, I could have benefited from more help and support.
If neither of the other party leaders make any related campaign promises, it will most make my voting choice easier.
Rick Lauber, Edmonton (author of A Caregiver's Guide for Canadians and The Successful Caregiver's Guide)
Respectful, truthful discourse lacking on social media
I enjoy political humour and opinion in social media but draw the line at fallacious lies and blatant untruths. Such material is designed to do little more than divide and alienate. Critical thinking and discussion fare far better in solving the problems we all face.
When I backtrack to see where some posts on my social media come from, I am surprised to see some very divisive sites (Rebel News, Brietbart News, Yellow Vests, Canada Proud, Sons of Odin).
While open to honest political discussion, I will continue to backtrack suspicious, hateful posts. When I find they contribute to the problem rather than the solution, I will leave the poster without access to my news feed. I would encourage others to do the same. Hate and dishonesty have no place on social media or anywhere else.
Ryan Lengsfeld, Nelson, B.C.
Unsure of Trudeau's motivation
Re: 'I am wary of being definitive'; Trudeau was blinded by 'privilege,' he says, Sept. 20
Conspicuous by its absence was any explanation given by Justin Trudeau as to his motivation for wearing black makeup and dressing up as Aladdin for an Arabian Nights themed party. Did he do it to make fun of minorities, or was he, given his fondness for getups, simply attending the party "in costume"?
Al Jolson resorted to blackface in his artistry, to advantage, for himself and African Americans. Only the uninformed would label him a racist. His motivation was clear. Justin Trudeau's was not.
Trudeau stepped in it when he said he didn't think it was racist when he dressed up in 2001, but now recognizes that it was something racist to do. Indirectly, this comment may shed some dim light on the "why."
Mark Gottlieb, Calgary
Common costumes 20 years ago
I am not a Liberal and would certainly not vote for this man, but please give him a break re this latest apology. Critics out there, please tell me how you, your children or grandchildren dressed for Halloween and/or a masquerade party way back then? There was never a question of a racial slur. This is absolutely ridiculous!
Delores Davidson, Calgary
Not taking offence
Re: "I should have known better", Sept. 19
When this picture was taken, Trudeau was a 29-year-old drama teacher at West Point Grey Academy. He was invited to an Arabian Night party where everyone was to dress appropriately. Trudeau chose to dress as Aladdin who had brown/black skin.
Halloween is coming up and there will be parties going on across the country. There will be many costumes and some will depict people with brown or black skins from many cultures.
Time to move on.
J.R.Kenny, Calgary
Apology lacking
I am not surprised at the revelation of Trudeau in brownface. After all, he has in the past demonstrated that he is two-faced with regards to women, ethics, helping middle-income people and small businesses to name a few. And, like other politicians, after he is caught, he is sorry and full of regret. A truly repentant person would admit ahead of time that they did these things and demonstrate genuine regret.
Barry McIntyre, Calgary
Your letters for Sept. 23 Your letters for Sept. 20
Who we are: The Calgary Herald Editorial Board
Who we are: Meet the Calgary Herald Editorial Board

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As a serious seller on Amazon, you'll want to uphold your brand image and inform customers of your concern for product quality by resolving and ultimately removing all negative reviews or better yet, changing a bad review into a 5-star review. Follow the steps below to post a public comment on Amazon in response to a review via BQool.
To post a comment to the product review, you will need to go to Review Central.
Hover your mouse over Review Central > Marketplaces > Manage Reviews.
A table of Reviews related to your listings will be shown.
Note: you can use the filter located on the left-hand side to help you find the review you want.
Hover your mouse over Actions and click on Add a Comment.
You will be directed to Amazon's Customer Review site.
Type your comment into Amazon's comment box.
Then click Get a Real Name and post (or Sign in and post if you're not currently logged in to Amazon) to leave a comment for the customer.
In BQool, hover over Actions and click on Mark as Pending Reply to change the Review Status from Open to Pending Reply.
Simply repeat Steps 2 to 4 for each review.


Never thought it was possible? Think again. Istanbul is the place for you my friend.
As the largest city in Turkey, this Eurasian beauty is the historical heart of the country. With mosques and churches alike, this is the epicenter of where Europe and Asia, modern and classical, East and West, meet.
Arriving early on in the day, I made sure to take a nap. From the taxi ride leaving the airport, I knew the hills would kill me otherwise. Walking down the hill is fun with a great view. Walking up is not so fun (although great exercise), but there's still a great view.
Heading towards the Galata Bridge, I got lost. As I was trying to figure out where I was, I came across a tower with a huge line. Intrigued, I waited with the others. The thought ran across my mind to ask where the line lead to, but I suppressed my curiosity. To most this would seem foolish, to me it was an adventure. Why did I have to know where I was going? I could figure it out in due time.
I love the picture above because it so perfectly describes Istanbul. When you think of the Middle East, the first couple thoughts might include a woman in a burka. True, as seen above. What might catch you off guard was the fact that she was on her iPhone tweeting. She was shocked that people would find it odd. The perfect mixture of culturally classical and technologically forward.
All I can say is that it was delicious. There is no better fruit than fresh fruit from a random cart on your lost adventure. Pretty much anything in a cart is a good idea. It's always well worth the risk! He was also the kindest watermelon man (the only) I have ever met.
As the line moved forward I was getting anxious. What exactly was I waiting for? Oh yeah, I have no idea. Typical WanderlustWad.
After seeing people pull out money, I decided I had to investigate. I couldn't continue going with this flow of mine when money was involved. After talking to the amused cashier, I found out I was at Galata Tower. I paid the $10 fee and headed upwards to see what the fuss was about.
The Galata Tower was the tallest structure in Istanbul when it was built. It has a 360 view of the city and is breathtaking to say the least. As it turns out that the stars had aligned for me. I had come at golden hour, and and was able to get the most beautiful pictures.
Standing in a random line paid off. I had no idea where I was going, but I knew it would be an interesting experience regardless.
Random adventures always pay off, always. Sure they can seem daunting, but not knowing is part of the fun. The anticipation, the waiting, the fear, it's all in the package of adventure.
Soon after leaving the Galata Tower, I saw where I strayed off and headed towards my original goal, the Galata Bridge. Thankfully the hills were going downwards this time.
Wandering through the streets, I couldn't get over how lovely this place was. Each street a small community of its own. Shop owners, tourists, and residents alike flooded the cobblestone walkways. It feels so homey.
Steps away from my destination I grabbed a $1.50 gyro. I love it here already. I ate my gyro as I watched the rest of the sunset. All alone and extremely content.
Walking around afterwards, fisherman waited patiently to get ahold of something, couples held hands, shops hustled and bustled right below the bridge. I wanted nothing more than to come back every single day and watch the sun ascend and descend. And so I will...until I leave that is.
All in all, it was an extremely successful first day. Stay tuned to find out where my adventures lead me tomorrow!
What random adventure did you run into? Let me know in the comments below!


text:
Chemical WorkBench is a proprietary simulation software tool aimed at the reactor scale kinetic modeling of homogeneous gas-phase and heterogeneous processes and kinetic mechanism development. It can be effectively used for the modeling, optimization, and design of a wide range of industrially and environmentally important chemistry-loaded processes. Chemical WorkBench is a modeling environment based on advanced scientific approaches, complementary databases, and accurate solution methods. Chemical WorkBench is developed and distributed by Kintech Lab.

Chemical WorkBench models
Chemical WorkBench has an extensive library of physicochemical models:
Thermodynamic Models
Gas-Phase Kinetic Models
Flame model
Heterogeneous Kinetic Models
Non-Equilibrium Plasma Models
Detonation and Aerodynamic Models
Membrane Separation Models
Mechanism Analysis and Reduction

Fields of application
Chemical WorkBench can be used by researchers and engineers working in the following fields:
General chemical kinetics and thermodynamics
Kinetic mechanisms development
Thin films growth for microelectronics
Nanotechnology
Catalysis and chemical engineering
Combustion, detonation and pollution control
Waste treatment and recovering
Plasma light sources and plasma chemistry
High-temperature chemistry
Education
Combustion and detonation, clean power-generation technologies, safety analysis, CVD, heterogeneous and catalytic reactions and processes, and processes in non-equilibrium plasmas are the main areas of interest.

External links
Chemical WorkBench web page
Video Review of Chemical Workbench-Tool for Modeling Reactive Flows and Developing Chemical Mechanisms

See also
 Chemical kinetics
 Autochem
 Cantera
 CHEMKIN
 Kinetic PreProcessor (KPP)

References
1. https://web.archive.org/web/20090108090305/http://www.softscout.com/software/Science-and-Laboratory/Scientific-Modeling-and-Simulation/Chemical-Workbench.html
2.

3.

Chemical engineering software
Chemical kinetics
Combustion
Computational chemistry software
Molecular modelling software

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In partnership with the Brooke House College Motorsport Academy (http://www.brookehousemotorsportacademy.com/), English Plus Karting students experience 10 hours per week of expert karting tuition. Sessions may incorporate fitness and motivation training. English Plus Karting students also learn about kart care and maintenance. English Plus Karting students join the Wednesday afternoon excursion with all other students.


A look at the theater's revival and past.
The lights of the new Mission Drive-In Theatre mural were turned on during the city's official lighting ceremony on Feb. 12.
Leticia Ozuna, City Councilwoman of District 3, applauds the official lighting of the recently completed Mission Drive-In Mural at the Mission Drive-In Theatre on Feb. 12, 2013.
The latest design for a restored mural at the old Mission Drive-In Theatre is a full-color rendering of the church at Mission San Jose, without any human figures. The city and its consultants removed two men in sombreros from its restoration of the 1940s mural, and added a mission wall and greenery.
Demolition crews tear down he outlying bricks and fence along the old Mission Drive-In on May 18, 2009, to prepare the property for construction of a new library, office and retail space. The marquee screen in the background however will be preserved and incorporated into the 26 acre re-developed site as an amphitheater.
Kids watch the Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer at the Mission Drive-In, on August 24, 2007. The drive-in reopened after being vandalized earlier this year. The movie theater opened in March 1948 and is a South Side landmark.
'1408' plays at the Mission Drive-In, Friday, August 24, 2007. The drive-in re-opened after being vandalized earlier this year. The movie theater opened in March 1948 and is a South Side landmark.
John Cusak makes a star turn during '1408' playing at the Mission Drive-In on Aug. 24, 2007. The drive-in re-opened after being vandalized earlier this year. The movie theater opened in March 1948 and is a South Side landmark.
Jason Rodriguez, 4, waits in line at the Mission Drive-In on Aug. 24, 2007. The drive-in reopened after being vandalized earlier this year. The movie theater opened in March 1948 and is a South Side landmark.
Kids wait for the show at the Mission Drive-In on Aug. 24, 2007. The drive-in re-opened after being vandalized earlier this year. The movie theater opened in March 1948 and is a South Side landmark.
1408 plays at the Mission Drive-In on Aug. 24, 2007. The drive-in re-opened after being vandalized earlier this year. The movie theater opened in March 1948 and is a South Side landmark.
The first concert of the San Antonio Symphony's Around Town series of free concerts took place Sept. 19, 2004, at the Santikos Mission Drive In. Here, Laura Hernandez, left, and Andrea Gonzales, right, perform with the Academy of Dance Arts flamenco dance troupe.
A family gathers to watch "Spiderman 2" at the Mission Drive-In Theatre on, June 30, 2004.
Mission Four Outdoor Theater Manager James Gardner inspects the outside grounds of the outdoor theater in 2001. At the time, it was the only one left in the area.
John Santikos (owner), Emily Ochoa, Blas Ochoa, Teresa Ochoa and Robert Ochoa (daughters, mom, dad) were at the Mission Drive-In on May 25, 2001, for the reopening of the drive-in.
Bill Bolling does some electrical work at the Mission Drive-In in San Antonio on May 8, 2001.
Platters holding movies have replaced old fashion reels at the Mission Drive-In on May 8, 2001.
The sun sets as families stake out their spots for the movie at the Mission 4 Outdoor Theatre on June 11, 1999.
Melissa Stout prepares ham sandwiches before the movie at the Mission 4 Outdoor Theatre on June 11, 1999.
Moviegoers enter the Mission 4 Outdoor Theatre on June 11, 1999.
Movie watchers relax in lawn chairs while watching "The Mummy" at the Mission 4 Outdoor Theatre on June 11, 1999.
A movie watcher heads to the snack bar at the Mission 4 Outdoor Theatre on June 11, 1999.
The Mission Drive-In on June 7, 1997, at 3100 Roosevelt.
Mission Drive-In turned into a flea-market in this Dec. 1984 file photo.


text:
Home › Get Less Than 100 Followers
Free 10 Instagram Followers
By danyfirman001@gmail.com Friday, September 14, 2018 Edit
Free 10 Instagram Followers: This I teaches you how to gain as well as retain approximately 100 Instagram followers by actively engaging with the community and uploading frequently.
1. Like as well as comment on hundreds of photos. Evidence recommends that for every single 100 pictures you like, you'll acquire approximately 6 followers. Taking this interaction one action further by commenting, while time-consuming, will improve your chances of receiving a comply with back.
- Complying with various other accounts will certainly also accomplish a similar impact.
2. Post a photo a minimum of daily. Doing so will certainly maintain individuals that follow you delighted.
3. Respond to talk about your pictures. Particularly when you're starting, Instagram users may expand disinterested and also unfollow your account in a day or much less if you do not proactively respond to their comments.
- This level of engagement, similarly to the mass taste of other people's images, is unbelievably taxing. You could also should reserve a hr or more daily devoted to engaging your followers.
4. Connect your Instagram with your various other social networks accounts. You can do this from within Instagram's Settings menu. Including a social media account (such as Facebook) to your Instagram's info will prolong your articles' availability to social media sites customers that do not use Instagram or do not know that you have an Instagram account.
- As an example, linking your Facebook account to your Instagram account will certainly notify any type of Instagram-using Facebook good friends that you get on Instagram. Because of this, they may make a decision to follow you.
- Once you've linked a social networks account to your Instagram, you'll have the alternative of publishing your Instagram images to both Instagram and the linked account (e.g., Twitter) at the same time. Doing this will raise the variety of people who can see your photos.
5. Enter your images in competitions on Instagram. Winning a competition will certainly increase your account's presence, consequently leading to an increase in fans. A couple of popular neighborhood contests include the adhering to accounts:
-JJ Neighborhood - Each day, this account messages a new style. You submit a picture in relation to the theme, and an account mediator chooses the most effective one. Keep in mind that over 600 thousand individuals follow this account, so you'll should take on a a great deal of individuals.
-Contestgram - After downloading the Contestgram application from your phone's corresponding application shop, you'll be able to send entries for everyday contests. Contestgram, like JJ Community, is a community-driven job.
-Joining everyday contests is a good way to ensure you publish a top notch, well-thought out picture a minimum of once a day, and also the themed aspect will certainly help focus your intent while taking pictures.
6. Use popular hashtags in your images' descriptions. You can reference a list of the top 100 trending hashtags to obtain begun, or you could just try out various tags to see which ones produce the biggest number of likes.
-Some popular hashtags include "photooftheday", "instaphoto", "nofilter", as well as "followforfollow" (or "f4f").
7. Add a place tag to your images. You can do this while adding the summary to your image throughout the upload process by picking Include Area and also adhering to the steps. Adding an area to your images will motivate your image to appear when others search for that area.
-This process is called "geotagging." In order to avoid conflict, do not geotag your home's area or an area various compared to that in which the photo was taken.
8. Article during prominent times. The most popular times for examining Instagram differ per day, but publishing at 2 A.M. and also 5 P.M. EST is, typically, the very best method to guarantee that a multitude of people will see your message.
-9 A.M. and 6 P.M. EST are considered the most awful times to publish.
9. Schedule your blog posts ahead of time. Consistency is both one of the most essential element of appealing to Instagram individuals as well as one of the most challenging procedure to keep. To address this trouble, there are a selection of apps for both iOS and also Android systems that will certainly allow you to schedule your Instagram posts beforehand.
-"Latergramme", "Schedugram", and also "TakeOff" are all well-reviewed selections for Instagram message supervisors.
10. Continue engaging with your neighborhood. Individuals prefer to really feel included in your process, so make them a part of it by identifying fans in your articles, continuing to upload usually, as well as reacting to community comments. As long as you practice these strategies consistently, you'll have 100 followers on Instagram in a snap.


text:
Carnegie Mellon University CERT Insider Threat Center
John Buzzard
CO-OP Financial Services
Matthew Rosenquist
Account Takeover Fraud , Card Not Present Fraud , Cybercrime
Screams, Porn Interrupt Virtual Hearing for Twitter Suspect
No Password Was Set for Virtual Bail Hearing Jeremy Kirk (jeremy_kirk) • August 6, 2020
Florida Judge Christopher C. Nash reacts as virtual bail hearing for the Twitter hack suspect was Zoom bombed.
Chaos ensued when miscreants interrupted a virtual bail hearing on Wednesday for the suspected Twitter hacker, hijacking the feed with screams, chatter and, for a few brief seconds, pornography.
Graham Ivan Clark, 17, is facing 30 felony charges in connection with a breathtaking takeover of dozens of high-profile Twitter accounts in mid-July. He appeared before the Criminal Court in Hillsborough County in Tampa, Florida. His bail hearing was conducted via Zoom videoconferencing because of ongoing pandemic restrictions, but the court forgot to password-protect the Zoom meeting.
Allison Nixon, chief research officer for the New York-based cybersecurity consultancy Unit 221B, was one of many in the security community who watched the hearing. Her company has been investigating the Twitter attacks.
She says court systems need tech-savvy staff to secure these kinds of proceedings, particularly those involving defendants accused of internet-related crime.
"This defendant's social circle sits at an intersection between cybercrime and gang activity, and when certain names joined the Zoom chat, it was clear something was going to go down," she says. "I'm just glad the inevitable porn video only had adults. A lot of people were recording that."
Clark is believed to have used social engineering to gain authentication credentials for an internal Twitter administration panel, which allegedly allowed him to take over 130 high-profile accounts. He has pleaded not guilty to all 30 charges. Also charged are Mason Sheppard, 19, of Bognor Regis, U.K., and Nima Fazeli, 22, of Orlando (see: Twitter Hack: Suspects Left Easy Trail for Investigators).
Forty-five compromised Twitter accounts, including those belonging to former President Barack Obama, Telsa CEO Elon Musk and Microsoft founder Bill Gates, tweeted messages falsely promising to double the number of bitcoins sent to their accounts in return. Clark is accused of collecting at least $117,000 through the sale of compromised accounts and bitcoins received from people who were duped.
A notice in advance of Clark's hearing went out beforehand: Meeting ID: 989-1719-4197, followed by the phrase "no password required." The meeting details were contained in public documents, which meant that anyone with those details could join the hearing.
The Zoom meeting for Graham Clark's virtual bail hearing was not password protected, as seen in this notice
At least 173 people were on the call due to the international media attention around the Twitter attack. Clark was seeking a ruling to reduce his bail, which is set at $725,000, according to his charge sheet.
Interloper: 'Blem a Zoot'
The disruptions began about 14 minutes into the hearing and continued intermittently. At one point, Clark's attorney, David T. Weisbrod, was suddenly interrupted by a British accent with a screenname, "Zachariah Z."
That person played a recording of a humorous series of sentences that has been making the rounds on social media that include the phrase "blem a zoot," which is British slang for smoking marijuana.
Well perhaps unsurprisingly the accused Twitter hacker-Bitcoin thief's first (virtual) hearing was shut down within 25 minutes due to relentless Zoombombing. (It ended a minute after this when someone screenshared a Porn Hub video.) pic.twitter.com/fGiceq4WfN
— Jen Wieczner (@jenwieczner) August 5, 2020
The video then switched to Judge Christopher C. Nash, who shook his head. "Sorry I'm removing people as quickly as I can when a disruption happens Mr. Weisbrod," Nash said.
"No worries, understood," Weisbrod said. Weisbrod continued for a few more seconds, describing movements of Clark's bitcoin funds. Then the view switched again from Weisbrod, showing a clip from the pornographic video site PornHub.
Weisbrod audibly groaned. Nash stammered. "Alright, we're gonna, we're just gonna...I'm just gonna end this call. I'm gonna reapply to....," Nash said.
Then, screams are heard from someone with a screenname of "Avery Jenkins." The meeting continued later, only to be interrupted by loud music, reports Florida broadcaster WFLA. WFLA also reported that some of the people in the meeting posed as if they were from news organizations such as CNN and the BBC.
Eventually, Nash ruled that the bail amount of $725,000 will stand, according to the Tampa Bay Times. Clark will be allowed to draw on $3 million of his funds, some of which appears to be held in bitcoin, to post bail. Clark is also forbidden from using the internet, the newspaper reports.
Zoom Security Controls
The need to guard against the mistake made by the court should be all too obvious five months after courts, schools and companies have dramatically increased their dependence on video calls as a result of worldwide lock downs in place to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Zoom surged in popularity, and soon a new term entered the technology lexicon: "Zoom bombing," when uninvited people who have the right meeting details and crash into a call (see: Fraudsters Take Advantage of Zoom's Popularity).
Part of the success of these kinds of attacks was due to the unfamiliarity by some Zoom users of the controls in place to stop intruders. As a result, Zoom improved its security controls and fixed some security problems. Zoom turned on some security features by default, including protecting meetings with a password and a "waiting room" where a host can vet participants before they join a call.
Hosts can also permanently boot someone from a meeting. In some circumstances, screen sharing is limited to only the host of the meeting, reducing the chance of surprise images. But Zoom does allow users to turn off some of those settings or change their behaviors (see: Zoom Still Addressing Security, Privacy Concerns).
Clark's future hearings should be more tame. The Tampa Bay Times reported that Judge Nash says the next hearing, scheduled for October, will be password protected.
Card Not Present Fraud
Garmin Reportedly Paid a Ransom
Building a Stronger Security Infrastructure
Managing Editor, Security and Technology, ISMG
Kirk is a veteran journalist who has reported from more than a dozen countries. Based in Sydney, he is Managing Editor for Security and Technology for Information Security Media Group. Prior to ISMG, he worked from London and Sydney covering computer security and privacy for International Data Group. Further back, he covered military affairs from Seoul, South Korea, and general assignment news for his hometown paper in Illinois.
OnDemand | 2021 Pharmaceutical Threat Outlook
3D Secure 2.0: Key Considerations for Card Issuers
Overcoming the Top Ten Challenges to Omnichannel Fraud Management
Elevating Identity Capabilities: Actionable Steps
https://www.bankinfosecurity.co.uk/screams-porn-interrupt-virtual-hearing-for-twitter-suspect-a-14774


text:
Q: Intermittent Cannot locate resource exception when working with images I keep getting System.IO.Exceptions of cannot locate resource, This issue pops up every now and then when I write software and usually magically resolves itself after a couple builds, not this time though.
The Uri I am using to reference the image is:
"pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Right_Stick.png"
This fails even though right above it:
"pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Left_Stick.png"
passes.
I have both images in the same folder in my project and both set to the Resource build type, I also verified that the file names were correct, but one works perfectly and one throws an error every time.
The code throwing the error:
private Dictionary<string, InputChannel> _InputChannels = new Dictionary<string, InputChannel>(){
    {"LSX", new InputChannelTypes.JoyAxis(){ChannelName = "Left Stick X", max_Value=1000,min_Value=-1000,
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Left_Stick.png"))
    }},
    {"LSY", new InputChannelTypes.JoyAxis(){ChannelName = "Left Stick Y", max_Value=1000,min_Value=-1000,
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Left_Stick.png"))
    }},
    {"RSX", new InputChannelTypes.JoyAxis(){ChannelName = "Right Stick X", max_Value=1000,min_Value=-1000,
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Right_Stick.png"))
    }},
    {"RSY", new InputChannelTypes.JoyAxis(){ChannelName = "Right Stick Y", max_Value=1000,min_Value=-1000,
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Right_Stick.png"))
    }},

    {"LS", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "Left Stick",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Left_Stick.png"))
    }},
    {"RS", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "Right Stick",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Right_Stick.png"))
    }},

    {"LT", new InputChannelTypes.JoyAxis(){ChannelName = "Left Trigger", max_Value=1000,min_Value=0,
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_LT.png"))
    }},
    {"RT", new InputChannelTypes.JoyAxis(){ChannelName = "Right Trigger", max_Value=1000,min_Value=0,
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_RT.png"))
    }},
    {"LB", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "Left Bumper",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_LB.png"))
    }},
    {"RB", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "Right Bumper",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_RB.png"))
    }},

    {"DUp", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "DPad Up",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Dpad_Up.png"))
    }},
    {"DDown", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "DPad Down",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Dpad_Down.png"))
    }},
    {"DLeft", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "DPad Left",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Dpad_Left.png"))
    }},
    {"DRight", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "DPad Right",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Dpad_Right.png"))
    }},

    {"A", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "A",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_A.png"))
    }},
    {"B", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "B",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_B.png"))
    }},
    {"X", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "X",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_X.png"))
    }},
    {"Y", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "Y",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Y.png"))
    }},

    {"Start", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "Start",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Start.png"))
    }},
    {"Back", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "Back",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/360_Back.png"))
    }},
    {"Guide", new InputChannelTypes.Button(){ChannelName = "Guide",
        ChannelIcon=new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/iX360;component/Resources/Xbox.ico"))
    }}
};

The exception:

An unhandled exception of type 'System.IO.IOException' occurred in
  PresentationFramework.dll
Additional information: Cannot locate resource
  'resources/360_right_stick.png'.

Ive also tried switching back and forth from Embeded Resource to Resource in the build types, no luck.
Update:
After a couple more builds today with no changes to the URI or file structure or build types, it now finds 360_Right_Stick.png but is now hanging on 360_LT.png. This is extremely peculiar.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The 2014 Forest Hills Drive Tour! [PHOTOS]
Photos From The Forest Hills Drive Tour Featuring…
Janet Jackson & J. Cole "No Sleeep (Remix)"…
Wondering how this works? First, Janet Jackson comes to your concert, and then you exchange information. Soon thereafter, the iconic…
J. Cole Announces 3rd Annual 'Dollar And A…
Last year was special. 3rd times a charm. Dollar and a Dream Tour III: Friday Night Lights. https://t.co/iQthZfbUdQ pic.twitter.com/ptPRs8cH4f —…
16 Things You Probably Didn't Know About J.…
J. Cole "Wet Dreamz" (NEW VIDEO)
Get ready to "awww" yourself to death. J. Cole releases the visuals to his 2014 Forest Hills Drive cut "Wet Dreamz,"…
Watch Wale Bring Out J. Cole & Meek…
It seems like we've been hearing about this record for a long while and now, it's finally here. Wale's Seinfeld-inspired The…
Jay Z, Rihanna, Beyonce, Nicki Minaj, & More…
J. Cole Talks Education, Competitiveness And '2014 Forest…
It's easy to forget with Kendrick Lamar's masterpiece out now, but a few months back, J. Cole's 2014 Forest Hills Drive was on repeat…
J.Cole's Tour Dates + Where You Can Catch…
J. Cole dropped one of last year's most celebrated album's with 2014 Forest Hills Drive. The album was a look…
T.I., French Montana, J. Cole, & More Perform…
J. Cole's Most Thought-Provoking Lyrics On "2014 Forest…
Meet Khloe Kardashian's New Boo! (WITH PICS)
Follow @rachelbogle If there's one thing a Kardashian is good at, it's rebounding from an old relationship. Seriously, it may…
J. Cole Makes An Awesome Video That Has…
J. Cole must want to be known for his videos because all of his visuals from his latest album "Born…


You should see at least a healthcareblocks.com subdomain. Do not remove this entry.
First check if your DNS provider supports ALIAS or ANAME records. Then create an entry there pointing the empty or @ value to your Dokku hostname (e.g. my-healthcare-app.123456.healthcareblocks.com).
We also recommend that the TTL for the domain pointing to the load balancer is set to 60 seconds. A lower cache period results in traffic being more evenly distributed.


text:
Q: How to increase spacing between grouped bars I have a large dataset, and I have multiple groups, but increasing the bar width can not help because the group doesn't have the same size. You can see that there is no space between 11 and 12, and I need every group to be plotted separately.
Here is an example to show my problem.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

bar_width = 0.25

r = [8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
r1 = [(x) for x in r]
bars1 = [10,20, 40, 60, 80]

r = [1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
r2 = [(x + bar_width) for x in r]

bars2 = [5, 10,15, 20, 40, 60, 80]

bars3 = [ 12,23, 70, 94]
r = [4, 5,  11, 14]
r3 = [(x + bar_width * 2) for x in r]

bars4 = [ 60,120, 193]
r = [ 10,  11, 14]
r4 = [(x + bar_width * 3) for x in r]

r = [1, 2,3,4,5,6,7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
r5 = [(x + bar_width * 4) for x in r]
bars5 = [3,5,23,14, 10, 20, 45,40,56, 60, 80,99]

plt.bar(r1, bars1, width=bar_width, align='center')
plt.bar(r2, bars2, width=bar_width, align='center')
plt.bar(r3, bars3, width=bar_width, align='center')
plt.bar(r4, bars4, width=bar_width, align='center')
plt.bar(r5, bars5, width=bar_width, align='center')
plt.legend(
    ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'))

plt.show()

A: One idea is to increase the figsize:
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(15, 5))
bar_width = 0.1

ax.bar(r1, bars1, width=bar_width, align='center')
ax.bar(r2, bars2, width=bar_width, align='center')
ax.bar(r3, bars3, width=bar_width, align='center')
ax.bar(r4, bars4, width=bar_width, align='center')
ax.bar(r5, bars5, width=bar_width, align='center')
ax.legend(('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'))

A: Depending on your application, instead of bars next to each other, stacked bars could be a solution.
Instead of calculating positions and widths, pandas plotting could be easier.
Here is an example:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd

r1 = [8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
bars1 = [10, 20, 40, 60, 80]

r2 = [1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
bars2 = [5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 80]

r3 = [4, 5, 11, 14]
bars3 = [12, 23, 70, 94]

r4 = [10, 11, 14]
bars4 = [60, 120, 193]

r5 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
bars5 = [3, 5, 23, 14, 10, 20, 45, 40, 56, 60, 80, 99]

rs = r1 + r2 + r3 + r4 + r5
heights = bars1 + bars2 + bars3 + bars4 + bars5
names = ['a'] * len(bars1) + ['b'] * len(bars2) + ['c'] * len(bars3) + ['d'] * len(bars4) + ['e'] * len(bars5)

df = pd.DataFrame({'r': rs,
                   'height': heights,
                   'name': names})
fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(15, 4))
for ax in (ax1, ax2):
    df.pivot(index='r', columns='name', values='height').plot.bar(stacked=(ax == ax2), rot=0, ax=ax)
ax1.set_title('dodged bars')
ax2.set_title('stacked bars')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

The same dataframe can also help if you want to write custom code, for example with dodged bars leaving out the empty ones:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
colors = {'a': 'C0', 'b': 'C1', 'c': 'C2', 'd': 'C3', 'e': 'C44'}
tick_pos = []
tick_r = []
name_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
pos = 0
for r in range(df['r'].min(), df['r'].max() + 1):
    start_pos = pos
    for name in name_list:
        row = df[(df['r'] == r) & (df['name'] == name)]
        if len(row) != 0:
            ax.bar(pos, row['height'], color=colors[name], width=1)
            pos += 1
    end_pos = pos
    if start_pos != end_pos:
        tick_pos.append((start_pos + end_pos - 1) / 2)
        tick_r.append(r)
        pos += 0.3 # this is the gap between the groups
ax.set_xticks(tick_pos)
ax.set_xticklabels(tick_r)
ax.legend(handles=[plt.Rectangle((0, 0), 0, 0, color=colors[n]) for n in name_list], labels=name_list)
ax.margins(x=0.01)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()


1. Mocha coffee with marshmallows and sprinkles. Can you get anymore festive?! I made this drink last year and can't stop, won't stop. Plus it's SO Instagram-able!!!
3. Donuts from CA Donuts. This place is open 24/7! Donuts anytime of day people! AND they are super Instagram-able which is what I look for in my food....as you can tell. BUT they were also totally delish! This was Halloween day and there was a small line, but totally worth it!
4. Homemade Pumpkin Pop Tart from Sunset Junction. THIS place is my new favorite hangout in LA. It is in Silver Lake pretty close to my house. About the same about away from Republic of Pie. Republic of Pie has them beat on the pie front, but this pumpkin Pop Tart was quite amazing!
5. Starbucks RED CUP! Who doesn't LUV the gorgeousness that is a Starbucks Red Cup!? I think the simplicity of this year's design is beautiful. I love keeping it as simple as possible. It's all about the Insta yes?!
I am so sorry I have been absent as of late! I am going to my my darndest to keep at it for the rest of the year. I head out for Colorado in one week and will be concentrating on my writing and the blog more! Don't forget to share your posts with me and Super Space Chick over on Twitter for a RT! Bring on the holidays!!!
I really just want to eat all the pie now!
These photos are gorgeous! And I agree, I love the simplicity of the red cups<3 Have fun in Colorado!


Saskatchewan Premier Brad Wall hinted Thursday about how the province would go about arguing a legal challenge to national carbon pricing.
It would hinge on whether the federal government is overstepping its authority, he said during a news conference in Saskatoon.
"We recognize there is federal jurisdiction on environmental issues, but when it comes to taxation that's meant to generate revenue versus taxation that's meant to regulate or change behaviour, these are two different things and our justice ministry is looking at whether or not we have legal options.
Wall made the comments one week before the country's first ministers are set to meet with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. Wall said he has already told the federal government that Saskatchewan will not sign a pan-Canadian climate plan.
"We've tried to be fair and we'll continue to be fair with the federal government," Wall said, acknowledging the federal Liberals for approving a pair of pipelines earlier this week.
At the same time, he said the province remains firm in its opposition to a plan that would impose a carbon tax on Saskatchewan.
On Oct. 3, Trudeau told the House of Commons that Canada will implement a floor price of $10 per tonne of carbon emitted by 2017, rising $10 each year to $50 per tonne by 2022. The federal government said it will impose pricing on provinces that don't develop their own systems, but has released few details of how a mandatory carbon pricing system will operate.
A Saskatchewan Party online petition promoted by Wall has collected more than 19,000 signatures. Wall said he hopes the federal government will acknowledge the response from the public.