text:
// $Id: FactoryFinder.java 446598 2006-09-15 12:55:40Z jeremias $

package javax.xml.datatype;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 *
Implement pluggabile Datatypes.

 *
 *
This class is duplicated for each JAXP subpackage so keep it in
 * sync.  It is package private for secure class loading.

 *
 * @author Jeff Suttor
 * @version $Revision: 446598 $, $Date: 2006-09-15 08:55:40 -0400 (Fri, 15 Sep 2006) $
 * @since 1.5
 */
final class FactoryFinder {

	/**
	 *
Name of class to display in output messages.

	 */
	private static final String CLASS_NAME = "javax.xml.datatype.FactoryFinder";

    /**
     *
Debug flag to trace loading process.

     */
    private static boolean debug = false;

    /**
     *
Cache properties for performance.

     */
	private static Properties cacheProps = new Properties();

	/**
	 *
First time requires initialization overhead.

	 */
	private static boolean firstTime = true;

    /**
     * Default columns per line.
     */
    private static final int DEFAULT_LINE_LENGTH = 80;

	/**
	 *
Check to see if debugging enabled by property.

	 *
	 *
Use try/catch block to support applets, which throws
     * SecurityException out of this code.

	 *
	 */
    static {
        try {
            String val = SecuritySupport.getSystemProperty("jaxp.debug");
            // Allow simply setting the prop to turn on debug
            debug = val != null && (! "false".equals(val));
        } catch (Exception x) {
            debug = false;
        }
    }

    private FactoryFinder() {}

	/**
	 *
Output debugging messages.

	 *
	 * @param msg String to print to stderr.
	 */
    private static void debugPrintln(String msg) {
        if (debug) {
            System.err.println(
            	CLASS_NAME
            	+ ":"
            	+ msg);
        }
    }

    /**
     *
Find the appropriate ClassLoader to use.

     *
     *
The context ClassLoader is prefered.

     *
     * @return ClassLoader to use.
     *
     * @throws ConfigurationError If a valid ClassLoader cannot be identified.
     */
    private static ClassLoader findClassLoader()
        throws ConfigurationError {
        ClassLoader classLoader;

        // Figure out which ClassLoader to use for loading the provider
        // class.  If there is a Context ClassLoader then use it.

        classLoader = SecuritySupport.getContextClassLoader();

        if (debug) debugPrintln(
            "Using context class loader: "
            + classLoader);

        if (classLoader == null) {
            // if we have no Context ClassLoader
            // so use the current ClassLoader
            classLoader = FactoryFinder.class.getClassLoader();
            if (debug) debugPrintln(
                "Using the class loader of FactoryFinder: "
                + classLoader);
        }

        return classLoader;
    }

    /**
     *
Create an instance of a class using the specified ClassLoader.

     *
     * @param className Name of class to create.
     * @param classLoader ClassLoader to use to create named class.
     *
     * @return New instance of specified class created using the specified ClassLoader.
     *
     * @throws ConfigurationError If class could not be created.
     */
    private static Object newInstance(
    	String className,
        ClassLoader classLoader)
        throws ConfigurationError {

        try {
            Class spiClass;
            if (classLoader == null) {
                spiClass = Class.forName(className);
            } else {
                spiClass = classLoader.loadClass(className);
            }

            if (debug) {
            	debugPrintln("Loaded " + className + " from " + which(spiClass));
            }

            return spiClass.newInstance();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException x) {
            throw new ConfigurationError(
                "Provider " + className + " not found", x);
        } catch (Exception x) {
            throw new ConfigurationError(
                "Provider " + className + " could not be instantiated: " + x,
                x);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Finds the implementation Class object in the specified order.  Main
     * entry point.
     * Package private so this code can be shared.
     *
     * @param factoryId Name of the factory to find, same as a property name
     * @param fallbackClassName Implementation class name, if nothing else is found.  Use null to mean no fallback.
     *
     * @return Class Object of factory, never null
     *
     * @throws ConfigurationError If Class cannot be found.
     */
    static Object find(String factoryId, String fallbackClassName)
        throws ConfigurationError {

        ClassLoader classLoader = findClassLoader();

        try {
            // If we are deployed into an OSGi environment, leverage it
            Class factoryClass = FactoryFinder.class.getClassLoader().loadClass(factoryId);
            Class spiClass = org.apache.servicemix.specs.locator.OsgiLocator.locate(factoryClass, factoryId);
            if (spiClass != null) {
                return spiClass.newInstance();
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
        }

        // Use the system property first
        try {
            String systemProp = SecuritySupport.getSystemProperty(factoryId);
            if (systemProp != null) {
                if (debug) debugPrintln("found " + systemProp + " in the system property " + factoryId);
                return newInstance(systemProp, classLoader);
            }
        } catch (SecurityException se) {
        	; // NOP, explicitly ignore SecurityException
        }

        // try to read from $java.home/lib/jaxp.properties
        try {
            String javah = SecuritySupport.getSystemProperty("java.home");
            String configFile = javah + File.separator + "lib" + File.separator + "jaxp.properties";
			String factoryClassName = null;
			if (firstTime) {
				synchronized (cacheProps) {
					if (firstTime) {
						File f = new File(configFile);
						firstTime = false;
						if (SecuritySupport.doesFileExist(f)) {
							if (debug) debugPrintln("Read properties file " + f);
							cacheProps.load(SecuritySupport.getFileInputStream(f));
						}
					}
				}
			}
			factoryClassName = cacheProps.getProperty(factoryId);
            if (debug) debugPrintln("found " + factoryClassName + " in $java.home/jaxp.properties");

			if (factoryClassName != null) {
				return newInstance(factoryClassName, classLoader);
			}
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            if (debug) {
            	ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        // Try Jar Service Provider Mechanism
        Object provider = findJarServiceProvider(factoryId);
        if (provider != null) {
            return provider;
        }

        if (fallbackClassName == null) {
            throw new ConfigurationError(
                "Provider for " + factoryId + " cannot be found", null);
        }

        if (debug) debugPrintln("loaded from fallback value: " + fallbackClassName);
        return newInstance(fallbackClassName, classLoader);
    }

    /*
     * Try to find provider using Jar Service Provider Mechanism
     *
     * @return instance of provider class if found or null
     */
    private static Object findJarServiceProvider(String factoryId)
        throws ConfigurationError
    {

        String serviceId = "META-INF/services/" + factoryId;
        InputStream is = null;

        // First try the Context ClassLoader
        ClassLoader cl = SecuritySupport.getContextClassLoader();
        if (cl != null) {
            is = SecuritySupport.getResourceAsStream(cl, serviceId);

            // If no provider found then try the current ClassLoader
            if (is == null) {
                cl = FactoryFinder.class.getClassLoader();
                is = SecuritySupport.getResourceAsStream(cl, serviceId);
            }
        } else {
            // No Context ClassLoader, try the current
            // ClassLoader
            cl = FactoryFinder.class.getClassLoader();
            is = SecuritySupport.getResourceAsStream(cl, serviceId);
        }

        if (is == null) {
            // No provider found
            return null;
        }

        if (debug) debugPrintln("found jar resource=" + serviceId +
               " using ClassLoader: " + cl);

        BufferedReader rd;
        try {
            rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"), DEFAULT_LINE_LENGTH);
        } catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is), DEFAULT_LINE_LENGTH);
        }

        String factoryClassName = null;
        try {
            // XXX Does not handle all possible input as specified by the
            // Jar Service Provider specification
            factoryClassName = rd.readLine();
        }
        catch (IOException x) {
            // No provider found
            return null;
        }
        finally {
            try {
                // try to close the reader.
                rd.close();
            }
            // Ignore the exception.
            catch (IOException exc) {}
        }

        if (factoryClassName != null &&
            ! "".equals(factoryClassName)) {
            if (debug) debugPrintln("found in resource, value="
                   + factoryClassName);

            return newInstance(factoryClassName, cl);
        }

        // No provider found
        return null;
    }

	/**
	 *
Configuration Error.

	 */
    static class ConfigurationError extends Error {

        private static final long serialVersionUID = -3644413026244211347L;

    	/**
    	 *
Exception that caused the error.

    	 */
        private Exception exception;

        /**
         *
Construct a new instance with the specified detail string and
         * exception.

         *
         * @param msg Detail message for this error.
         * @param x Exception that caused the error.
         */
        ConfigurationError(String msg, Exception x) {
            super(msg);
            this.exception = x;
        }

		/**
		 *
Get the Exception that caused the error.

		 *
		 * @return Exception that caused the error.
		 */
        Exception getException() {
            return exception;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the location where the given Class is loaded from.
     *
     * @param clazz Class to find load location.
     *
     * @return Location where class would be loaded from.
     */
    private static String which(Class clazz) {
        try {
            String classnameAsResource = clazz.getName().replace('.', '/') + ".class";

            ClassLoader loader = clazz.getClassLoader();

            URL it;

            if (loader != null) {
            	it = loader.getResource(classnameAsResource);
            } else {
            	it = ClassLoader.getSystemResource(classnameAsResource);
            }

            if (it != null) {
            	return it.toString();
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            // work defensively.
            if (debug) {
            	t.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return "unknown location";
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Model T Ford Forum: Very OT but I have to ask WHY!!
Very OT but I have to ask WHY!!
Model T Ford Forum: Forum 2014: Very OT but I have to ask WHY!!
What was the purpose of this??
How long until we have a reality show like that today.
It could have an updated twist called The Naked Tenth Victim.
We've got it here in Spain, it's called Adam & Eve. The couple is dropped off on an island in Croatia, both buck naked.
I'm waiting for a reality show called, "I Cooked and Ate My Own Foot." Sponsored by Dr. Scholl's foot products and McCormicks Meat Seasoning.
There was a story-song about a bag of feet somewhere in china and soup? Dont remember alot about it.A english speaking man was telling it on a 33 1/3 rpm album that I heard it on.
if you dumped me naked on a island and the woman saw me she would SWIM back home in a jiffy! Getting herself in the guiness book for some kind of speed record.
It all reflects what our culture CHOOSES to sit and absorb, ... in other words, it is what sells, or what our society WANTS.
What does that tell us ???
things to do than sit on me arse like that !
I actually tried watching a couple of "prime-time" shows within the past week, because I hadn't done that in years and wondered what was out there now. I don't expect I'll be doing that again for the next few years.
And no, they were not "reality" shows. I'm not the least bit curious about those after seeing some previews while watching ball games.
Guess that hyped show about a guy being swallowed by a snake was a bust. Didn't watch it myself. Wonder why.
Another show I can't stand is "America Unearthed" or something like that. 38 minutes of show, 20 minutes of commercials and 2 minutes of disapointment as he never seems to succeed in finding anything new.
Yeah, I don't watch TV either, unless it's on a day with a name that ends with Y.
Some people, like my grandfather, didn't like radio. My aunts told me they used to go out and sit in the car to listen because he wouldn't have a radio in the house. He was like Titus Moody: "I don't hold with furniture that talks." After he was gone, Grandma listened to Arthur Godfrey.
I used to love the Discovery channel. There were tons of shows where you could learn all kinds of cool stuff about the planet and animals. But, whomever is in charge of it now is driving it into the ground.
I can identify, Steve. My grandfather was okay with a radio (so he could listen to the Cardinals' games), but wouldn't allow a TV in the house. My grandparents and my great-grandmother would come to our house Sunday evenings to watch Ed Sullivan on the TV in the rathskeller while my grandfather read upstairs in the living room.
Funny TV-related story about him. He had very bad emphysema (smoking 3 packs a day all your adult life can do that), so he never answered the phone. He had no problem with the phone, but knew from experience that it would stop ringing before he could get to it, so didn't bother. One day, though, he was walking past it when it rang, so he picked it up. This was in the days of rating TV shows by calling people, and a sprightly voice said to him, "Good evening, sir. Is your family watching television at the moment?" His answer was, "If you thought we were, don't you think you have an awful nerve interrupting us?" She hung up on him and he continued on his way to the sofa.


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text:
Tropiometroidea zijn een superfamilie uit de orde van de haarsterren (Comatulida).

Families
 Asterometridae Gislén, 1924
 Calometridae A.H. Clark, 1911
 Charitometridae A.H. Clark, 1909
 Ptilometridae A.H. Clark, 1914
 Thalassometridae A.H. Clark, 1908
 Tropiometridae A.H. Clark, 1908

Haarsterren

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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I have just completed a mural in Birmingham on the Ladypool Road. It has taken 2-3 weeks to complete and sits at the start of the road and acts as a kind of gateway to the area. I was asked to create something that captures the essence of the area and the Ladypool Road business district. Some may know that this area of the city is somewhere that I feel passionate about, it was somewhere where I was born and raised. My recent live-art theatrical show If Walls Could Speak told the story of the area, and now it was time to tell the story through a street corner mural.
The imagery in the mural tells a story of the changing demographics of the area, of how South Asian migrants came and settled in the area, working in local factories. The BSA factory was one of those factories that served many different communities. It was livelihood for people of all ethnicities. During the Second World War it was somewhere that was bombed by the Germans, as it was a major gun manufacturer – Birmingham Small Arms. It was something that served my father and many of my relatives. You ask anyone in the community about BSA and nearly everyone would tell you of a family member that once worked in this giant factory that was known for its gun production and subsequent motorcycle manufacture. Now there stands just only a tiny part of the building on Armoury Road, and it's story is fading away. During the Birmingham Blitz, many died on the night it was bombed as people took shelter in the basement. The story is captured here in an article on the BBC Website.
My father worked at the factory in the 1960's onwards, so I was always intrigued as how years went by this factory had served very different communities, as the area changed, and new communities came and settled and how a building, a physical space conjured up different memories for different people.
The story in the mural evolves into imagery of grocery stores, and the 'Balti Restaurant'. After the manufacturing industry ended and many of these factories closed down, it left migrant labourers looking for new avenues. My father went onto opening his first Fish & Chip Shop in Sparkbrook, when a bag of chips was just 6pence! He then went onto opening his Balti restaurant like many others who saw an opportunity, as new migrants, that they had something exciting to sell to the English – their food. This is what populates much of the area now and is what the area is famous for. If you want a curry, you visit Ladypool Road. Who would imagine that this very food would then become part of the British national cuisine!
However even much of that in the area, has evolved now, to fresh, funky 'juice and dessert parlours' and American Steak Houses. As the offspring of these new migrants settled and integrated, they brought a new perspective and Balti Restaurants was not part of their story. Second and Third generations had inherited some of the enterprising nature of their forefathers, but channelled it new ways.
I was one of those second generations and with this mural I wanted to create as a tribute to those who came before us. It may appear to be a glossy promotion of the area, but underneath all of that, it tells a story of a struggling community that battled through racist Britain in the 70's/80's and used their initiative coupled with a strong passion to succeed in business and education.
At the end of the mural, a very elderly asian man walked past the mural, stopped and asked me about what the art was about. It turned out that he was an old friend of my late-father. He became emotional as he shared with me stories of how they used to work together back in the day. All of this takes place in front of a street-corner graffiti mural – who would have thought. I have painted in cities across the globe, commissioned by foreign city authorities, but its not often i get to hear such stories so close to home, while i'm painting a mural.
We embraced each other and i promised i would visit his home to hear more stories that he enjoyed sharing with me. I think he approved of the art. It's not often stories like his are captured like this, especially not in the public on the corner of Ladypool Road.


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Bull-market highs but still much to fear!
The Dow Industrial and S&P 500 hit new bull-market high yesterday. Clearly, the sovereign debt crisis in Europe is over and there is nothing worry about. Or is there?
Standard & Poor's Ratings Services on Wednesday cut its long-term rating on Ireland to A-minus from A and lowered its short-term rating to A-2 from A-1. The agency said the ratings remain on CreditWatch with negative implications, where they were placed on Nov. 23. The move comes in the wake of S&P's revised assessment of risks tied to the Irish banking industry. "Were the labor market to deteriorate further, a rise in the level of delinquencies in the domestic banks' mortgage books could result in higher new capital requirements than we presently assume," said S&P analyst Frank Gill. The emergence of a European framework for restructuring sovereign debt could trigger a reconsideration of Ireland's creditworthiness, he said. The resolution of Ireland's CreditWatch listing will likely leave the government's ratings in an investment-grade category, Gill said. The CreditWatch placement is expected to be resolved by April, the agency said.
The UK economy shrank by a shock 0.5% in the last quarter of 2010 as Britain's recovery from recession faltered.
Economists said the first estimate of GDP for the last quarter was much worse than expected, and meant that Britain could now suffer a double-dip recession. With inflation hitting 3.7% last month, there are also growing fears the UK is heading for an unpleasant dose of "stagflation".
The eagerly awaited GDP figures put the government's austerity programme under fresh scrutiny, with Labour again arguing that cuts are being made too deeply, and too rapidly.
Now, economists and politicians are arguing the merits and demerits of austerity. They still have not realized they are damned if they do and damned if they don't. If they continue to run big deficits, interest rates will rise and the country will be forced to default, send the country into economic and political chaos. If they impose austerity measure, it will certainly hurt the economy, but the country will survive.
Austerity is a painful, but necessary medicine. Politicians would rather take the placebo.
Government seizing retirement assets. Machiavelli says this is a big mistake.
But above all a prince must abstain from the property of others; because men sooner forget the death of their father than the loss of their patrimony.


text:
Home Factopedia Brainoffs Rankings Community Log In
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Mr. Tambourine Man
Play a Quick Quiz on Mr. Tambourine Man (it's free)
had a U.K. Number One single with
July 17 1965 for 2 weeks
Music >U.K. Number Ones
was a name mentioned in
Music >Names in Dylan Songs
released the album
Mr. Tambourine Man (1965)
Music >Albums of the 1960s
released the single
1965; 2 weeks as UK #1; 1 week as #1 on the Billboard Hot 100; included in Rolling Stone magazine's "500 Greatest Songs of All Time"; inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1998
Music >Sounds of the 1960s
was covered by
1965. Originally recorded by The Byrds (1965) but actually written by Dylan.
Music >Songs - Cover Versions
was released by
1965 - inducted in 2002; 2 weeks as U.K. #1; 1 week as U.S. #1; included in Rolling Stone magazine's "500 Greatest Songs of All Time"
Music >Grammy Hall of Fame Award Winners - Singles
John Corigliano
Seven Poems of Bob Dylan for voice and piano, 2000
Music >Classical Music - 20th Century
Seven Poems of Bob Dylan, 2009
Music >Classical Music - 21st Century
1965; non-single; appears on "Bringing It All Back Home"; included in Rolling Stone magazine's "500 Greatest Songs of All Time"; inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002
1965 - inducted in 2002; included in Rolling Stone magazine's "500 Greatest Songs of All Time"
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Roger Sherman Hoar
American politician
Occupations Lawyer Novelist Politician Science fiction writer
Countries United States of America
Birth April 8, 1887 (Massachusetts)
Death October 10, 1963
Education Harvard Law School, Harvard University
Authority ISNI id Library of congress id Openlibrary id VIAF id
Roger Sherman Hoar (April 8, 1887 – October 10, 1963) was a state senator and assistant Attorney General, for the state of Massachusetts. He also wrote science fiction under the pseudonym of "Ralph Milne Farley."
The Harvard-educated Hoar was the product of a New England family—the son of Sherman Hoar, grandson of former US Attorney General Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar, great-grandson of Samuel Hoar, and great-great grandson of American founding father Roger Sherman, a signer of the Declaration of Independence.
Born in Waltham, Massachusetts, Hoar received his bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1909 and his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1911. During World War I, he served in the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps. Hoar was a former Massachusetts assistant attorney general. He was a member of the Marquette University faculty in the graduate school of engineering. He also served as attorney of Bucyrus Erie Company of South Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Hoar served in the Massachusetts State Senate in 1911 and campaigned for women suffrage. Hoar was also an organizer and major force behind the enactment of the Employee Unemployment Benefits Act, served on the Commission to Compile Information & Data, 1917, taught mathematics and engineering, patented a system for aiming large guns by the stars, and authored landmark works on constitutional and patent law.
Under the pseudonym Ralph Milne Farley, Hoar wrote a considerable amount of pulp-magazine science fiction during the period between the world wars, appearing in such publications as Argosy All-Story Weekly, Weird Tales, True Gang Life, and Amazing Stories, as well as occasional essays for The American Mercury, Scientific American, and science fiction fanzines. His works include The Radio Man and its numerous sequels, chiefly interplanetary and inner-world adventure yarns in the tradition of Edgar Rice Burroughs, with whom he was friends; Hoar also wrote a number of archetypal time-travel-paradox tales, collected in book form as The Omnibus of Time, and "The House of Ecstasy," told in the second-person and frequently reprinted since its initial appearance in Weird Tales (April 1938 issue).
Upon relocating to the Midwest, where he worked as a corporate attorney for the firm of Bucyrus-Erie, Hoar joined the Milwaukee Fictioneers, whose members included Stanley G. Weinbaum, Robert Bloch, and Raymond A. Palmer. When Chicago-based Ziff-Davis Publishing Company bought the ailing Amazing Stories in 1938, Hoar was offered, but declined, the magazine's editorship and recommended Palmer, who held the position through the 1940s.
As Roger Sherman Hoar
The Tariff Manual. Privately printed, 1912.
Constitutional Conventions: Their Nature, Powers, and Limitations. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1917.
Patents: What a Business Executive Should Know About Patents. New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1926. Revised edition: Patent Tactics and Law. 1935, 1950.
Conditional Sales: Law and Local Practices for Executive and Lawyer. New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1929. Revised edition: 1937.
Unemployment Insurance in Wisconsin. karley South Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Stuart Press, 1932. Revised edition: Wisconsin Unemployment Insurance, 1934.
As Ralph Milne Farley
Smothered Seas (story, with Stanley G. Weinbaum). Published in Astounding Stories, January 1936.
Dangerous Love (stories) . London: Utopian Publications, 1946.
The Immortals (novel). Toronto: Popular Publications Inc., 1947.
The Radio Man (novel), 1924. Los Angeles: Fantasy Publishing Co., 1948. Paperback edition retitled An Earthman on Venus (Avon Books). [1st of "Radio Man" series]
The Hidden Universe (two novellas). Los Angeles: Fantasy Publishing Co., 1950.
The Omnibus of Time (stories). Los Angeles: Fantasy Publishing Co., 1950.
Strange Worlds (contains The Radio Man and The Hidden Universe). Los Angeles: Fantasy Publishing Co., 1953.
The Radio Beasts (novel), 1925. New York: Ace Books, 1964. [2nd of "Radio Man" series]
The Radio Planet (novel), 1926. New York: Ace Books, 1964. [3rd of "Radio Man" series]
The Radio Flyers (novel), 1929. Rialto, California: Pulpville Press, 2006.
The Radio Gun-Runners (novel), 1930. [sequel to "The Radio Flyers"]
Tong War (novel, written in collaboration with E. Hoffman Price). Chertsey, England: Blue Mushroom, 2002.
Pe-Ra, Daughter of the Sun (novella). Rialto, California: Pulpville Press, 2005.
The Radio Minds of Mars (novel), 1955. Rialto, California: Pulpville Press, 2005. [4th of "Radio Man" series]
The Ralph Milne Farley Collection Book 1 (stories). Rialto, California: Pulpville Press, 2005.
The Golden City (novel), 1933. Rialto, California: Pulpville Press, 2006.
The Radio War (novel), 1932. Rialto, California: Pulpville Press, 2006.
The Radio Menace (novel), 1930. Rialto, California: Pulpville Press, 2008. [5th of "Radio Man" series]
Roger Sherman Hoar is in following lists
American Politicians from the early 1900s
"If you don't do politics politics will do you"
Family Education and career Politician Writer Books


text:
Research paper jimi hendrix. Jimi Hendrix: Why He Desrves World Recognition Research Paper Example : brullenexhaust.com
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He grew up in different homes that ranged from city life to living on the Cherokee reservation with his grandmother. Bold As Love, Hendrix said: The festival created massive traffic jams and extreme shortages of food, water, and medical and sanitary facilities, it is still known today to be one of the biggest concerts in history.
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At first he played an old acoustic, and later a cheap Silvertone electric, which were both strung for a lefty on a right-handed guitar, one of the defining Hendrix traits Murray 34 - 5. James Marshall Hendrix had ingested nine German sleeping pills, some wine, and a meal of brown rice.
The British had discovered him -- give them credit there. Mimi was one of the well-respected leaders against the apartheid movement, whom was featured being recovered from the ground at the beginning of the film At first he played an old acoustic, and later a cheap Silvertone electric, which were both sample cover letter to send with resume for a lefty on a right-handed guitar, one of the defining Hendrix traits Murray The lyrics tell the story of a man who loses his woman but who manages to keep his guitar, and if his woman wont love him any more, he says I know her sister will.
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text:
var computedState = ko.utils.createSymbolOrString('_state');

ko.computed = ko.dependentObservable = function (evaluatorFunctionOrOptions, evaluatorFunctionTarget, options) {
    if (typeof evaluatorFunctionOrOptions === "object") {
        // Single-parameter syntax - everything is on this "options" param
        options = evaluatorFunctionOrOptions;
    } else {
        // Multi-parameter syntax - construct the options according to the params passed
        options = options || {};
        if (evaluatorFunctionOrOptions) {
            options["read"] = evaluatorFunctionOrOptions;
        }
    }
    if (typeof options["read"] != "function")
        throw Error("Pass a function that returns the value of the ko.computed");

    var writeFunction = options["write"];
    var state = {
        latestValue: undefined,
        isStale: true,
        isDirty: true,
        isBeingEvaluated: false,
        suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse: false,
        isDisposed: false,
        pure: false,
        isSleeping: false,
        readFunction: options["read"],
        evaluatorFunctionTarget: evaluatorFunctionTarget || options["owner"],
        disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: options["disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved"] || options.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved || null,
        disposeWhen: options["disposeWhen"] || options.disposeWhen,
        domNodeDisposalCallback: null,
        dependencyTracking: {},
        dependenciesCount: 0,
        evaluationTimeoutInstance: null
    };

    function computedObservable() {
        if (arguments.length > 0) {
            if (typeof writeFunction === "function") {
                // Writing a value
                writeFunction.apply(state.evaluatorFunctionTarget, arguments);
            } else {
                throw new Error("Cannot write a value to a ko.computed unless you specify a 'write' option. If you wish to read the current value, don't pass any parameters.");
            }
            return this; // Permits chained assignments
        } else {
            // Reading the value
            if (!state.isDisposed) {
                ko.dependencyDetection.registerDependency(computedObservable);
            }
            if (state.isDirty || (state.isSleeping && computedObservable.haveDependenciesChanged())) {
                computedObservable.evaluateImmediate();
            }
            return state.latestValue;
        }
    }

    computedObservable[computedState] = state;
    computedObservable.hasWriteFunction = typeof writeFunction === "function";

    // Inherit from 'subscribable'
    if (!ko.utils.canSetPrototype) {
        // 'subscribable' won't be on the prototype chain unless we put it there directly
        ko.utils.extend(computedObservable, ko.subscribable['fn']);
    }
    ko.subscribable['fn'].init(computedObservable);

    // Inherit from 'computed'
    ko.utils.setPrototypeOfOrExtend(computedObservable, computedFn);

    if (options['pure']) {
        state.pure = true;
        state.isSleeping = true;     // Starts off sleeping; will awake on the first subscription
        ko.utils.extend(computedObservable, pureComputedOverrides);
    } else if (options['deferEvaluation']) {
        ko.utils.extend(computedObservable, deferEvaluationOverrides);
    }

    if (ko.options['deferUpdates']) {
        ko.extenders['deferred'](computedObservable, true);
    }

    if (DEBUG) {
        // #1731 - Aid debugging by exposing the computed's options
        computedObservable["_options"] = options;
    }

    if (state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved) {
        // Since this computed is associated with a DOM node, and we don't want to dispose the computed
        // until the DOM node is *removed* from the document (as opposed to never having been in the document),
        // we'll prevent disposal until "disposeWhen" first returns false.
        state.suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse = true;

        // disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved: true can be used to opt into the "only dispose after first false result"
        // behaviour even if there's no specific node to watch. In that case, clear the option so we don't try
        // to watch for a non-node's disposal. This technique is intended for KO's internal use only and shouldn't
        // be documented or used by application code, as it's likely to change in a future version of KO.
        if (!state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved.nodeType) {
            state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved = null;
        }
    }

    // Evaluate, unless sleeping or deferEvaluation is true
    if (!state.isSleeping && !options['deferEvaluation']) {
        computedObservable.evaluateImmediate();
    }

    // Attach a DOM node disposal callback so that the computed will be proactively disposed as soon as the node is
    // removed using ko.removeNode. But skip if isActive is false (there will never be any dependencies to dispose).
    if (state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved && computedObservable.isActive()) {
        ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.addDisposeCallback(state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved, state.domNodeDisposalCallback = function () {
            computedObservable.dispose();
        });
    }

    return computedObservable;
};

// Utility function that disposes a given dependencyTracking entry
function computedDisposeDependencyCallback(id, entryToDispose) {
    if (entryToDispose !== null && entryToDispose.dispose) {
        entryToDispose.dispose();
    }
}

// This function gets called each time a dependency is detected while evaluating a computed.
// It's factored out as a shared function to avoid creating unnecessary function instances during evaluation.
function computedBeginDependencyDetectionCallback(subscribable, id) {
    var computedObservable = this.computedObservable,
        state = computedObservable[computedState];
    if (!state.isDisposed) {
        if (this.disposalCount && this.disposalCandidates[id]) {
            // Don't want to dispose this subscription, as it's still being used
            computedObservable.addDependencyTracking(id, subscribable, this.disposalCandidates[id]);
            this.disposalCandidates[id] = null; // No need to actually delete the property - disposalCandidates is a transient object anyway
            --this.disposalCount;
        } else if (!state.dependencyTracking[id]) {
            // Brand new subscription - add it
            computedObservable.addDependencyTracking(id, subscribable, state.isSleeping ? { _target: subscribable } : computedObservable.subscribeToDependency(subscribable));
        }
        // If the observable we've accessed has a pending notification, ensure we get notified of the actual final value (bypass equality checks)
        if (subscribable._notificationIsPending) {
            subscribable._notifyNextChangeIfValueIsDifferent();
        }
    }
}

var computedFn = {
    "equalityComparer": valuesArePrimitiveAndEqual,
    getDependenciesCount: function () {
        return this[computedState].dependenciesCount;
    },
    getDependencies: function () {
        var dependencyTracking = this[computedState].dependencyTracking, dependentObservables = [];

        ko.utils.objectForEach(dependencyTracking, function (id, dependency) {
            dependentObservables[dependency._order] = dependency._target;
        });

        return dependentObservables;
    },
    addDependencyTracking: function (id, target, trackingObj) {
        if (this[computedState].pure && target === this) {
            throw Error("A 'pure' computed must not be called recursively");
        }

        this[computedState].dependencyTracking[id] = trackingObj;
        trackingObj._order = this[computedState].dependenciesCount++;
        trackingObj._version = target.getVersion();
    },
    haveDependenciesChanged: function () {
        var id, dependency, dependencyTracking = this[computedState].dependencyTracking;
        for (id in dependencyTracking) {
            if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(dependencyTracking, id)) {
                dependency = dependencyTracking[id];
                if ((this._evalDelayed && dependency._target._notificationIsPending) || dependency._target.hasChanged(dependency._version)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
    },
    markDirty: function () {
        // Process "dirty" events if we can handle delayed notifications
        if (this._evalDelayed && !this[computedState].isBeingEvaluated) {
            this._evalDelayed(false /*isChange*/);
        }
    },
    isActive: function () {
        var state = this[computedState];
        return state.isDirty || state.dependenciesCount > 0;
    },
    respondToChange: function () {
        // Ignore "change" events if we've already scheduled a delayed notification
        if (!this._notificationIsPending) {
            this.evaluatePossiblyAsync();
        } else if (this[computedState].isDirty) {
            this[computedState].isStale = true;
        }
    },
    subscribeToDependency: function (target) {
        if (target._deferUpdates) {
            var dirtySub = target.subscribe(this.markDirty, this, 'dirty'),
                changeSub = target.subscribe(this.respondToChange, this);
            return {
                _target: target,
                dispose: function () {
                    dirtySub.dispose();
                    changeSub.dispose();
                }
            };
        } else {
            return target.subscribe(this.evaluatePossiblyAsync, this);
        }
    },
    evaluatePossiblyAsync: function () {
        var computedObservable = this,
            throttleEvaluationTimeout = computedObservable['throttleEvaluation'];
        if (throttleEvaluationTimeout && throttleEvaluationTimeout >= 0) {
            clearTimeout(this[computedState].evaluationTimeoutInstance);
            this[computedState].evaluationTimeoutInstance = ko.utils.setTimeout(function () {
                computedObservable.evaluateImmediate(true /*notifyChange*/);
            }, throttleEvaluationTimeout);
        } else if (computedObservable._evalDelayed) {
            computedObservable._evalDelayed(true /*isChange*/);
        } else {
            computedObservable.evaluateImmediate(true /*notifyChange*/);
        }
    },
    evaluateImmediate: function (notifyChange) {
        var computedObservable = this,
            state = computedObservable[computedState],
            disposeWhen = state.disposeWhen,
            changed = false;

        if (state.isBeingEvaluated) {
            // If the evaluation of a ko.computed causes side effects, it's possible that it will trigger its own re-evaluation.
            // This is not desirable (it's hard for a developer to realise a chain of dependencies might cause this, and they almost
            // certainly didn't intend infinite re-evaluations). So, for predictability, we simply prevent ko.computeds from causing
            // their own re-evaluation. Further discussion at https://github.com/SteveSanderson/knockout/pull/387
            return;
        }

        // Do not evaluate (and possibly capture new dependencies) if disposed
        if (state.isDisposed) {
            return;
        }

        if (state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved && !ko.utils.domNodeIsAttachedToDocument(state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved) || disposeWhen && disposeWhen()) {
            // See comment above about suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse
            if (!state.suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse) {
                computedObservable.dispose();
                return;
            }
        } else {
            // It just did return false, so we can stop suppressing now
            state.suppressDisposalUntilDisposeWhenReturnsFalse = false;
        }

        state.isBeingEvaluated = true;
        try {
            changed = this.evaluateImmediate_CallReadWithDependencyDetection(notifyChange);
        } finally {
            state.isBeingEvaluated = false;
        }

        return changed;
    },
    evaluateImmediate_CallReadWithDependencyDetection: function (notifyChange) {
        // This function is really just part of the evaluateImmediate logic. You would never call it from anywhere else.
        // Factoring it out into a separate function means it can be independent of the try/catch block in evaluateImmediate,
        // which contributes to saving about 40% off the CPU overhead of computed evaluation (on V8 at least).

        var computedObservable = this,
            state = computedObservable[computedState],
            changed = false;

        // Initially, we assume that none of the subscriptions are still being used (i.e., all are candidates for disposal).
        // Then, during evaluation, we cross off any that are in fact still being used.
        var isInitial = state.pure ? undefined : !state.dependenciesCount,   // If we're evaluating when there are no previous dependencies, it must be the first time
            dependencyDetectionContext = {
                computedObservable: computedObservable,
                disposalCandidates: state.dependencyTracking,
                disposalCount: state.dependenciesCount
            };

        ko.dependencyDetection.begin({
            callbackTarget: dependencyDetectionContext,
            callback: computedBeginDependencyDetectionCallback,
            computed: computedObservable,
            isInitial: isInitial
        });

        state.dependencyTracking = {};
        state.dependenciesCount = 0;

        var newValue = this.evaluateImmediate_CallReadThenEndDependencyDetection(state, dependencyDetectionContext);

        if (!state.dependenciesCount) {
            computedObservable.dispose();
            changed = true; // When evaluation causes a disposal, make sure all dependent computeds get notified so they'll see the new state
        } else {
            changed = computedObservable.isDifferent(state.latestValue, newValue);
        }

        if (changed) {
            if (!state.isSleeping) {
                computedObservable["notifySubscribers"](state.latestValue, "beforeChange");
            } else {
                computedObservable.updateVersion();
            }

            state.latestValue = newValue;
            if (DEBUG) computedObservable._latestValue = newValue;

            computedObservable["notifySubscribers"](state.latestValue, "spectate");

            if (!state.isSleeping && notifyChange) {
                computedObservable["notifySubscribers"](state.latestValue);
            }
            if (computedObservable._recordUpdate) {
                computedObservable._recordUpdate();
            }
        }

        if (isInitial) {
            computedObservable["notifySubscribers"](state.latestValue, "awake");
        }

        return changed;
    },
    evaluateImmediate_CallReadThenEndDependencyDetection: function (state, dependencyDetectionContext) {
        // This function is really part of the evaluateImmediate_CallReadWithDependencyDetection logic.
        // You'd never call it from anywhere else. Factoring it out means that evaluateImmediate_CallReadWithDependencyDetection
        // can be independent of try/finally blocks, which contributes to saving about 40% off the CPU
        // overhead of computed evaluation (on V8 at least).

        try {
            var readFunction = state.readFunction;
            return state.evaluatorFunctionTarget ? readFunction.call(state.evaluatorFunctionTarget) : readFunction();
        } finally {
            ko.dependencyDetection.end();

            // For each subscription no longer being used, remove it from the active subscriptions list and dispose it
            if (dependencyDetectionContext.disposalCount && !state.isSleeping) {
                ko.utils.objectForEach(dependencyDetectionContext.disposalCandidates, computedDisposeDependencyCallback);
            }

            state.isStale = state.isDirty = false;
        }
    },
    peek: function (evaluate) {
        // By default, peek won't re-evaluate, except while the computed is sleeping or to get the initial value when "deferEvaluation" is set.
        // Pass in true to evaluate if needed.
        var state = this[computedState];
        if ((state.isDirty && (evaluate || !state.dependenciesCount)) || (state.isSleeping && this.haveDependenciesChanged())) {
            this.evaluateImmediate();
        }
        return state.latestValue;
    },
    limit: function (limitFunction) {
        // Override the limit function with one that delays evaluation as well
        ko.subscribable['fn'].limit.call(this, limitFunction);
        this._evalIfChanged = function () {
            if (this[computedState].isStale) {
                this.evaluateImmediate();
            } else {
                this[computedState].isDirty = false;
            }
            return this[computedState].latestValue;
        };
        this._evalDelayed = function (isChange) {
            this._limitBeforeChange(this[computedState].latestValue);

            // Mark as dirty
            this[computedState].isDirty = true;
            if (isChange) {
                this[computedState].isStale = true;
            }

            // Pass the observable to the "limit" code, which will evaluate it when
            // it's time to do the notification.
            this._limitChange(this, !isChange /* isDirty */);
        };
    },
    dispose: function () {
        var state = this[computedState];
        if (!state.isSleeping && state.dependencyTracking) {
            ko.utils.objectForEach(state.dependencyTracking, function (id, dependency) {
                if (dependency.dispose)
                    dependency.dispose();
            });
        }
        if (state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved && state.domNodeDisposalCallback) {
            ko.utils.domNodeDisposal.removeDisposeCallback(state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved, state.domNodeDisposalCallback);
        }
        state.dependencyTracking = undefined;
        state.dependenciesCount = 0;
        state.isDisposed = true;
        state.isStale = false;
        state.isDirty = false;
        state.isSleeping = false;
        state.disposeWhenNodeIsRemoved = undefined;
        state.disposeWhen = undefined;
        state.readFunction = undefined;
        if (!this.hasWriteFunction) {
            state.evaluatorFunctionTarget = undefined;
        }
    }
};

var pureComputedOverrides = {
    beforeSubscriptionAdd: function (event) {
        // If asleep, wake up the computed by subscribing to any dependencies.
        var computedObservable = this,
            state = computedObservable[computedState];
        if (!state.isDisposed && state.isSleeping && event == 'change') {
            state.isSleeping = false;
            if (state.isStale || computedObservable.haveDependenciesChanged()) {
                state.dependencyTracking = null;
                state.dependenciesCount = 0;
                if (computedObservable.evaluateImmediate()) {
                    computedObservable.updateVersion();
                }
            } else {
                // First put the dependencies in order
                var dependeciesOrder = [];
                ko.utils.objectForEach(state.dependencyTracking, function (id, dependency) {
                    dependeciesOrder[dependency._order] = id;
                });
                // Next, subscribe to each one
                ko.utils.arrayForEach(dependeciesOrder, function (id, order) {
                    var dependency = state.dependencyTracking[id],
                        subscription = computedObservable.subscribeToDependency(dependency._target);
                    subscription._order = order;
                    subscription._version = dependency._version;
                    state.dependencyTracking[id] = subscription;
                });
            }
            if (!state.isDisposed) {     // test since evaluating could trigger disposal
                computedObservable["notifySubscribers"](state.latestValue, "awake");
            }
        }
    },
    afterSubscriptionRemove: function (event) {
        var state = this[computedState];
        if (!state.isDisposed && event == 'change' && !this.hasSubscriptionsForEvent('change')) {
            ko.utils.objectForEach(state.dependencyTracking, function (id, dependency) {
                if (dependency.dispose) {
                    state.dependencyTracking[id] = {
                        _target: dependency._target,
                        _order: dependency._order,
                        _version: dependency._version
                    };
                    dependency.dispose();
                }
            });
            state.isSleeping = true;
            this["notifySubscribers"](undefined, "asleep");
        }
    },
    getVersion: function () {
        // Because a pure computed is not automatically updated while it is sleeping, we can't
        // simply return the version number. Instead, we check if any of the dependencies have
        // changed and conditionally re-evaluate the computed observable.
        var state = this[computedState];
        if (state.isSleeping && (state.isStale || this.haveDependenciesChanged())) {
            this.evaluateImmediate();
        }
        return ko.subscribable['fn'].getVersion.call(this);
    }
};

var deferEvaluationOverrides = {
    beforeSubscriptionAdd: function (event) {
        // This will force a computed with deferEvaluation to evaluate when the first subscription is registered.
        if (event == 'change' || event == 'beforeChange') {
            this.peek();
        }
    }
};

// Note that for browsers that don't support proto assignment, the
// inheritance chain is created manually in the ko.computed constructor
if (ko.utils.canSetPrototype) {
    ko.utils.setPrototypeOf(computedFn, ko.subscribable['fn']);
}

// Set the proto values for ko.computed
var protoProp = ko.observable.protoProperty; // == "__ko_proto__"
computedFn[protoProp] = ko.computed;

ko.isComputed = function (instance) {
    return (typeof instance == 'function' && instance[protoProp] === ko.computed);
};

ko.isPureComputed = function (instance) {
    return ko.isComputed(instance) && instance[computedState] && instance[computedState].pure;
};

ko.exportSymbol('computed', ko.computed);
ko.exportSymbol('dependentObservable', ko.computed);    // export ko.dependentObservable for backwards compatibility (1.x)
ko.exportSymbol('isComputed', ko.isComputed);
ko.exportSymbol('isPureComputed', ko.isPureComputed);
ko.exportSymbol('computed.fn', computedFn);
ko.exportProperty(computedFn, 'peek', computedFn.peek);
ko.exportProperty(computedFn, 'dispose', computedFn.dispose);
ko.exportProperty(computedFn, 'isActive', computedFn.isActive);
ko.exportProperty(computedFn, 'getDependenciesCount', computedFn.getDependenciesCount);
ko.exportProperty(computedFn, 'getDependencies', computedFn.getDependencies);

ko.pureComputed = function (evaluatorFunctionOrOptions, evaluatorFunctionTarget) {
    if (typeof evaluatorFunctionOrOptions === 'function') {
        return ko.computed(evaluatorFunctionOrOptions, evaluatorFunctionTarget, {'pure':true});
    } else {
        evaluatorFunctionOrOptions = ko.utils.extend({}, evaluatorFunctionOrOptions);   // make a copy of the parameter object
        evaluatorFunctionOrOptions['pure'] = true;
        return ko.computed(evaluatorFunctionOrOptions, evaluatorFunctionTarget);
    }
}
ko.exportSymbol('pureComputed', ko.pureComputed);


After the devastating events at Reed's birthday party, Noelle is determined to put the past to rest, but Reed is adament about rebuilding Billings. Coming up against endless roadblocks from the headmaster, not to mention Billings alumni, Reed will not let her legacy end with a pile of rubble.
As if that weren't enough, old ghosts come back to haunt to the Billings Girls. Reed has been through the ringer in her time at Easton and she starts to wonder if maybe she can even make it out of this place alive.
PROCLAIMERMy review contains some spoilers from previous Private books, but NOT from Vengeance, assuming you have read every other book before it.
The end is not near, it's here! After 14 installments and 2 prequels, the Private series has come to an end.
Going into Vengeance I thought that initially at least, there would be more talk about Mr. Lange's death and you know, more grief, and that it would take more time for the girls to go back to thinking about boyfriends and frenemies. Unfortunately, that didn't happen, and it made Vengeance's start kinda awkward for me. Even Noelle, his own daughter, seemed not so thrown over the fact that her father was murdered only a couple of months ago. I don't know, personally I thought it was weird.
In addition, the great revelation in the end definitely felt rushed and not thought out at all. It was not convincing in the slightest and to be honest, I felt kinda silly reading it. I guess there was no more drama to dig up and no more people left to be the murders/victims. That's why I think the series had reached its peak with Revelation(book #8) and the rest was just plain good, with the exception of the St.Barths books which I didn't like at all.
I did expect a way better ending to an all time favorite series of mine and one that kept me awake many a nights. I will never forget the amazing time I had reading the Private books, especially my favorite out of the bunch, Last Christmas. I am really looking forward to Kate Brian's future works!


Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe has revealed a new trailer showing Yugi Muto's fighting abilities in the upcoming action-fighting game Jump Force. He will fight using his iconic and fan favourite cards; Dark Magician, Dark Magician Girl, and the all-mighty Slifer the Sky Dragon.
This is pretty interesting as I myself couldn't underse ridiculously tand how Yugi could contend with the likes of Goku, Naruto, Gon to name but a few. There is a strange ability that Yugi has that makes no sense though and it's the fact that he can move at super speeds to continue combos against his opponents. Also, there is a sense of disappointment that neither Kuriboh or the ridiculously legendary Exodia the Forbidden One are featured in Yugi's arsenal.
Jump Force will be available in February 2019 on PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PC. Stay tuned with GamEir for more information as well as further roster announcements.
Where does HITMAN 2 get all those wonderful toys?


Hyperspectral image (HI) contains data in hundreds of narrow contiguous spectral bands, thus it provides a powerful means to distinguish different materials on the basis of their unique spectral signatures. Anomaly detection (AD) is one key part of its application. The shearlet transform (ST) is a new two-dimensional extension of the wavelet transform using multiscale and directional filter banks, which can effectively captures smooth contours that are the dominant feature in natural image. In this paper, ST is used in AD for the HI. Firstly, the raw HI data is decomposed into several directional subband at multiple-scale via ST. Thus, the background signal would be reduced in each subband. Secondly, the fourth partial differential equation method is adopted to modify the coefficient of each sub-band, which is for background suppression and anomaly signal enhancement. Thirdly, the kernel-based RX algorithm is adopted to detect the anomaly in each sub-band. Finally, the anomaly signal image is achieved by reconstructing the image with all modified sub-band. Several experiments with a HYDICE data are fulfilled to validate the performance of the proposed method. Compared with the original RX algorithm, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better detection performance and lower false alarm probability.


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News / Laser Micromachining Improves X-Ray Telescope Mirrors
Laser Micromachining Improves X-Ray Telescope Mirrors
Patricia Daukantas
Researchers developed a new way to use femtosecond laser pulses to fabricate the high-precision ultrathin mirrors required for high-performance x-ray telescopes. Femtosecond laser surface ablation is applied to selectively remove stressed film regions on the mirror substrate, correcting the shape of the mirror's reflective surface. [Image: H. Zuo, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research] [Enlarge image]
When the next generation of space-based astronomical observatories launches in the 2030s, the new telescopes will need state-of-the-art optics to improve upon the current generation of spacecraft. A new laser micromachining technique for shaping surfaces could sharpen future mirrors for spaceborne X-ray telescopes.
Researchers at a US laboratory used femtosecond laser pulses to modify the stress states of thin-shell silicon mirrors for collecting X-rays (Optica, doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.461870). The method could improve the optical quality and resolution of future space-based observing missions.
X-ray observatories
X-rays from space, which originate in extremely hot gases, cannot be seen through Earth's atmosphere, so telescopes must get above the atmosphere to detect them. Professional astronomers have two workhorse spacecraft, NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton, but both instruments were launched back in 1999. The two space agencies are working on plans for upgraded X-ray telescopes to be launched in the next decade or two.
Conventionally shaped telescopes—from ground-based behemoths to the Hubble and James Webb space telescopes—do not catch high-energy photons very well; incoming X-rays must be focused with glancing reflection off a series of highly reflective paraboloid or hyperboloid mirrors.
Precision bending and stress mapping
NASA's current concept for a next-generation X-ray observatory—named Lynx, to be launched no earlier than 2036—calls for more than 37,000 lightweight, thin-shell silicon mirrors. However, such mirrors bend out of shape easily during the fabrication process or the coating process.
To keep mirrors steady during manufacturing, Heng Zuo and her colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, USA, applied a method known as stress-based figure correction. In this technique, small bits of the mirror substrate are either locally stressed or completely removed from strategic regions of the mirror to encourage the material to curve properly.
The experimental setup combines femtosecond laser micromachining with a previously developed technique called stress-based figure correction. Red arrows show the light path through the setup. [Image: H. Zuo, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research] [Enlarge image]
For the current study, Zuo coated the back (non-reflective) side of the mirrors with the thermal oxide of silicon. Next, she used a femtosecond pulsed laser to create tiny holes and troughs, with dimensions of roughly 10 μm, in the SiO2 substrate. "The removal of the stressed film and the relaxation of adjacent substrate regions together contribute to further stress relaxation and substrate bending," the authors wrote.
To improve the stress-figuring process, the MIT team developed a multi-pass correction scheme, incorporating a feedback loop to repeat the micromachining process until the mirror has been shaped into the correct profile.
Correcting for "any type of error"
"Our experimental results showed that patterned removal of periodic holes leads to equibiaxial (bowl-shaped) stress states, while fine-pitched oriented removal of periodic troughs generates non-equibiaxial (potato-chip-shaped) stress components," said Zuo, who is now with the University of New Mexico, USA, in a press release. "[Through] combining these two features with proper rotation of the trough orientation, we can create a variety of stress states that can, in principle, be used to correct for any type of error in the mirrors."
Publish Date: 26 October 2022


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Since the early 90's, Bain & Company Southeast Asia has established a strong track record working with Asian companies and multinationals across the region.
At Bain Southeast Asia, our focus is on helping clients outperform their competitors and generate substantial, lasting financial improvement. Our clients are typically bold, ambitious business leaders who are not satisfied with the status quo.
We are active with clients in the region's key sectors, including technology and telecommunications, financial services, consumer products, industrial services, private equity and oil & gas. We also have deep capabilities in strategy, performance improvement, M&A, organisational enhancement and change management. Our consultants are practical and easy to work with, with a focus on converting strategy and action into tangible economic results.
Clients benefit from our position as part of an international firm that allows us to manage clients and projects at a multinational level, to develop global practices and themes, and to share information, research and supporting databases within Bain's worldwide network.
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Bain Southeast Asia is growing at a rapid pace, creating significant opportunities for top-quality candidates. Since our founding, Bain Southeast Asia has thrived on the dynamism of the booming Southeast Asian economy. With our hub in Singapore and satellite offices in Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Jakarta, we have more than 200 consultants.
Best practical, hands-on business experience
Our team is comprised of truly talented and motivated people. Whether you are coming from university, business school or industry, Bain offers the best practical business experience there is. At Bain, your teammates' collaborative approach and drive to succeed will encourage you to strive daily to achieve your personal best. And as a result, there are leaders who have built the foundations of their careers at Bain in every area of business.
International exposure
More than 20 nationalities are represented in Bain's Southeast Asia offices and nearly all of our consultants speak at least two languages. In addition, Singapore is a popular destination for colleagues from other Bain offices wishing to gain experience in Asia through a six-month transfer. They, as well as our multinational consulting staff, appreciate that Singapore is an ideal gateway to other interesting holiday destinations, such as Phuket's beaches, Bali's spa resorts, the Angkor Wat ruins and many other places—all just a two-hour flight away.
Outside the office
At Bain Southeast Asia, company activities are organized by a team called the Ministry of Fun, whose motto is: We take fun seriously. They have organized evenings of Shakespeare in the park, hours of fun wakeboarding and festive holiday gala dinners, just to mention few. Also, once a year, the whole office goes on a retreat to an exotic destination like Hanoi, Phuket, Ko Samui, Chang Mai, Bali or Siem Reap.
Opportunities at Bain Southeast Asia
We look for highly motivated individuals who have worked or lived in Asia for some time, with strong analytical and interpersonal skills to join our Southeast Asia team and contribute to building our success. In addition to English, fluency in at least one Southeast Asian language is preferred but not required. Successful candidates will have demonstrated sustained high performance in professional and academic settings and possess intellectual curiosity, a strong work ethic and excellent team and leadership skills.
Henrik Naujoks brought in to head Bain's APAC financial services practice
Bain launches new digital products business: Bain Media Lab
Asia Pacific now accounts for one quarter of global private equity investment
Economic boom will see 500 million Indians enter middle-class within a decade


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Apple's CEO Tim Cook Receive 1 Million Apple Shares Worth $383 Million
7:36 am August 29, 2011 By Roland Hutchinson
Apple has filed a new report with the SEC with regards to the recent changes at Apple and the appointment of their new CEO Tim Cook, after Steve Jobs stepped down as Apple's CEO last week.
It looks like Apple's new CEO Tim Cook, has been given some share options, and assuming he stays at the company until 2021, he will receive 1 million Apple shares worth a massive $383 million at Apple's current share prices.
In connection with Mr. Cook's appointment as Chief Executive Officer, the Board awarded Mr. Cook 1,000,000 restricted stock units. Fifty percent of the restricted stock units are scheduled to vest on each of August 24, 2016 and August 24, 2021, subject to Mr. Cook's continued employment with Apple through each such date.
Source Mac Rumors


Welcome to the next discussion of the read-along. I hope you're reading (or re-reading in some cases) along with us! Listen to the latest read-along podcast episode as Casey, Nicola, and I share our thoughts on Vision in Silver, the third book in The Others series.
Marked in Flesh! Read the book during the month of September and get ready to discuss the book at the end of September!
Welcome to the next discussion of the read-along. I hope you're reading (or re-reading in some cases) along with us! Listen to the latest read-along podcast episode as Casey, Nicola, and I share our thoughts on Murder of Crows, the second book in The Others series.
Learn more about the read-along here! I hope you enjoy the episode! Feel free to comment about it here on this post, in the Goodreads group, or on Twitter using the hashtag #3Bloggers1Series.
Join the Shelf Addiction Online Book Club on Goodreads and let's talk about the series!
Vision in Silver! Read the book during the month of August and get ready to discuss the book at the end of August!
Welcome to the first installment of a brand new (to us) series read-along! Listen to this podcast episode as Casey, Nicola, and I share our thoughts on Written in Red, the first book in The Others series.
Find out if we all loved it or not! Even hear our individual ratings at the end of the episode.
Get the book now and get ready to discuss book two at during July!


The flight session and the guided tour are the main activities of our center.
The guided tour is an explanation about 30 minutes in the aviaries. This allows us to introduce general concepts about birds of prey, such as their nutrition, habitat, behavior, species, curiosities and more.
The flight session lasts about 45 minutes. It's where you really appreciate the different characteristics of each species.
Sitting outdoors in an amphitheater located in a gazebo overlooking the valley, we watch them closely: flying above us, fist to fist of their caregivers, or flying away by the scenary. All accompanied by an explanation for a closer look.
These birds of prey were born in captivity and they have been in contact with people since little. This fact allows the birds to return to what they consider their territory and where they get their food and this allows as to observe them in a very short distance, which is unusual in the wild, given their innate fear to human presence.
The center's fee includes attending the tour and the flying session. We also have a small forest where to walk, picnic areas and a restaurant if you want to spend all day.
On weekends and holidays, the fee allows you to enjoy the two flight sessions and guided tours (morning and evening), they both are different.


Our healthy snacks, sandwiches and gourmet desserts are sure to delight your taste buds.
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Hope you had an amazing birthday. I am totally with you on the Australian thing. I am a sucker for Australian accents, especially when the accent is coming from a nice looking guy. I love Simon Baker (hope you get to interview him) and Alex O'laughlin!


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That's me, catching my first mountain goat at Glacier National Park. I was thrilled!
July 3, 2015, we were hiking the steep and narrow Highline Trail in Glacier National Park in Montana. Nine miles into the hike, with the sun getting low and two miles to go back to our car, we started to see big droppings on the trail — fresh droppings that were bigger than that of a big dog. We pondered, could it be bear?
Warnings about grizzlies are ubiquitous in Glacier, and bear spray is recommended for hikers in case of attack. (Bear spray is many times stronger than the pepper spray used against humans in self-defense applications.) Mitch got the bear spray in hand. I got my camera phone ready. (I have my priorities!)
We cautiously proceeded down the trail…suddenly Mitch turned around and said, "Something is coming! It's white!" It was a big, beautiful mountain goat! The first one we've ever sighted! He was coming back down the trail, and he seemed to refuse to go around us. We took a step up off the trail into the bushes (that was as far as we could go) to let him pass.
Note: Signage everywhere in Yosemite, Glacier and Yellowstone remind visitors that wild animals are dangerous and unpredictable. People are harmed every year when interactions are too common and too close, and sometimes "aggressive" "problem" animals must be "put down." So we tried to give him as much room as possible, but the trail is carved into the side of a mountain.
Watch how Mr. Goat pauses and looks left and right. To his left, it was too steep to go down. To his right, it was too steep to go up. Too steep for a mountain goat!? Apparently, he thought so. He passed us much too closely, a bit boldly but cautionusly, then ran by. The next day, we saw dozens of mountain goats on the Hidden Lake trail, but none of them were as beautiful as this guy, our first bucket list sighting.
Another thrilling sight: July 10, in northern Yellowstone National Park between Mammoth Hot Springs and Tower-Roosevelt, a crowd of people stopped their cars to watch a mama black bear in a meadow teaching her cubs how to find food.
"Hmm…Can I turn over that big grey rock?" This mama black bear was showing her two cubs how to turn over rocks to find food. One of the cubs is visible as a brown hump to the left of the mama bear. (Yellowstone NP, July 18, 2015; Canon EOS 60D with zoom lens)
Note the video is of a far-away bear — as it should be — we don't have fancy equipment. But I never moved far from my car, which was parked off the road. As she headed my direction, I quickly moved back into my car, which was stuck in a "bear backup." Complete traffic standstills happen often in national parks when people stop in the middle of the road to look at animals without pulling over.
Sometimes it isn't the visitors causing the backup. Sometimes it's wildlife making an executive decision.
A protected wild American bison bull in Custer State Park seems to say: "I'm sexy and I know it! Watch me casually lay down and block traffic both ways. What are they gonna do? Hit me? They don't have the nerve." A disinterested female turns to go around him on her way by. (July 21, 2015; Samsung Galaxy 5S)
In late July, we visited Custer State Park in South Dakota. We had seen bison in Yellowstone, but the bison in Custer a week later were displaying different behavior: it was rutting season! This is when the bulls, who spend much of the year off on their own being independent dudes, rejoin the herd of cows and juveniles, and decide who to "pursue." The bulls growl and roll in the dirt, kicking up dust and closely following their love interest.
You've got to *hear* what a bull bison sounds like!:
Other sightings included prairie dogs, marmots, elk, and moose!
The fat, adorable prairie dogs at Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming are more fascinating to me than the rock formation. (July 20, 2015; Canon EOS 60D)
Before we even got back to our car after sighting the first mountain goat, two large bighorn sheep made an appearance near Logan Pass Visitor Center. (Glacier National Park, July 3, 2015; Canon EOS 60D zoom)
Moooose! The National Park Service in Yellowstone estimate that only 200 moose live in the 2.2 million acres of the park. "You won't see a moose here," they said. Lucky us! We (and a dozen of other visitors) saw two huge bull moose off the side of the road and rangers only believed us when we showed them the pictures the next day. (July 9, 2015; Canon EOS 60D zoom)
A six-pointed bull elk grazes on the side of the road in Yellowstone. (July 13, 2015; Canon EOS 60D zoom)
"Oh give me a home…" Two pronghorn antelope pass by in Yellowstone. Pronghorn are a common sight and we saw them frequently during our week-long visit.
Rangers confirmed that this bear, one of two we saw near the aptly named Beartooth Parkway on the north side of Yellowstone, was a young grizzly. The other bear was also rather small. Could mom have been far behind? We didn't leave our car to find out. (July 9, 2015; Canon EOS 60D zoom)
The rarest of the rare: Do you see something special about this elk herd across the valley? We did! Another car slowed down to watch, and the man said to me, "I've lived here all my life and I've never seen an albino elk!" (July 10, 2015; Canon EOS 60D)
We love our RV life that enables us to live in our awesome home country where the buffalo roam, and the deer and the antelope play — and we sometimes get to see it first hand. This summer, we have indeed, been quite lucky.
We celebrate one year full-time RVing in our next post, What's the BEST THING We've Seen or Done in One Year of Full-Time RVing the US?
Where are we today?
Steven Bogart
Great Photos and Video. Love going to our National Parks, had to drive thru a herd of Buffalo in Theodore Roosevelt NP in ND. followed park staff through after waiting for them move, which they were not doing.
Our Adventure
Love the photos and descriptions. We are staying in the Glacier area now. We want to explore as much of the park as we can. Love the Highline photos! We hope to do that hike in August if they re-open the Going to the Sun Road to Logan Pass.
We heard about the fires making Glacier smokey, and the closing of Going To The Sun Road. Locals told us that wildfires happen every summer and it's a common consequence. Sorry you had to miss out! That hike is the best — every step of it is spectacular. Hope you get to go on it later.
Tina@GottaRunNow
We just happened to leave Glacier when they closed that road. Fortunately, we'd already driven down it! We saw mountain goats and a bear at Hidden Lake and bison at Custer, too, recently. Fun stuff!
Ranger Kaiti May
What great photos! I'm glad you had a great time in Yellowstone and got to see lots of pictures! Thank you for treating our wildlife right too! 🙂


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ABC-CLIO/Greenwood - Reference
Reference In the News
Reference Rethought
A Historical Encyclopedia
by Mark Doyle, Editor
The British Empire was the largest empire the world has ever known, encompassing at its height nearly one-quarter of its landmass and nearly one-fifth of its people.
Size 7x10
Topics World History/General
Geography and World Cultures/General
Hardcover: £153.00/165,00€/A$254.00
An essential starting point for anyone wanting to learn about life in the largest empire in history, this two-volume work encapsulates the imperial experience from the 16th–21st centuries.
From early sixteenth-century explorations to the handover of Hong Kong in 1997, the British Empire controlled outposts on every continent, spreading its people and ideas across the globe and profiting mightily in the process. The present state of our world—from its increasing interconnectedness to its vast inequalities and from the successful democracies of North America to the troubled regimes of Africa and the Middle East—can be traced, in large part, to the way in which Great Britain expanded and controlled its empire.
The British Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia addresses a broader range of topics than do most other surveys of the empire, covering not only major political and military developments but also topics that have only recently come to serious scholarly attention, such as women's and gender history, art and architecture, indigenous histories and perspectives, and the construction of colonial knowledge and ideologies. By going beyond the "headline" events of the British Empire, this captivating work communicates the British imperial experience in its totality.
Provides primary sources that give voice to the people who ran, opposed, and were subjects of the British Empire
Consolidates the most up-to-date research from established and emerging scholars in the field in many countries and at many institutions
Includes a detailed introduction that succinctly puts the British Empire into historical context
Offers a chronology of events and episodes important to both the rise and fall of the British Empire
Provides a broad range of perspectives that focus not only on the white men who controlled the British Empire but also on the many people—such as women, indigenous peoples, poor Europeans, and Christian missionaries—who formed it
Avoids simplistic assessments of British imperialism as merely "good" or "bad," emanating an objectivity that enables readers to develop their own ideas about the nature of the empire
Mark Doyle,, PhD, is associate professor of history at Middle Tennessee State University. He is the author of Fighting Like the Devil for the Sake of God: Protestants, Catholics, and the Origins of Violence in Belfast and Communal Violence in the British Empire: Disturbing the Pax.
"[T]his well-edited work is an essential compendium of information on a compelling and still relevant topic. VERDICT For libraries serving secondary and college students, this accessible and engaging tour of extensive terrain fills a gap and provides a stepping stone to further research."—Library Journal
"Recommended for high school, college, and public libraries."—ARBA
"Notably, these entries are not all about white men: there is a plethora of entries focused on women and colonized people from all over the empire. Throughout the encyclopedia, the text is historically objective and informative. . . . Overall, the set is broad in its coverage. . . . Recommended for all types of libraries."—Booklist Online
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Topics (Reference) American History Business Current Events and Issues Crime Economics Geography and World Cultures LGBTQ Studies Health & Wellness The Arts Race and Ethnicity Military History Popular Culture Politics, Law, and Government Psychology Religion Mythology Security Studies Environment Science Technology World History Women's Studies Librarianship: Philosophy, Values, and Issues Organization of Information and Knowledge Management Acquisitions and Collection Management
Series 21st-Century Turning Points Black History Lives Contemporary Debates Contemporary World Issues Corporations That Changed the World Daily Life Daily Life through Artifacts Documentary and Reference Guides Exploring Musical Genres Eyewitness to History Global Viewpoints Guides to Historic Events in America Health and Medical Issues Today Historical Facts and Fictions History of Human Spaces Hollywood History Inside Diseases and Disorders Q&A Health Guides Religion in Politics and Society Today Student Guides to Business and Economics The Global Kitchen The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations Understanding Modern Nations Voices of an Era Women and Society around the World Women Making History