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A CASE STUDY IN DETROIT: CAN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM HOLD SPACE FOR ALL VICTIMS OF SEXUAL ASSAULT?
Nikki A. Basset
ABSTRACT: In 1975, Michigan enacted a legal reform to protect victims of sexual assault whose cases deviated away from "real rape": The myth that only physically violent cases between strangers are valid. However, 2009 marks the discovery of approximately 11, 000 untested sexual assault kits in Detroit—a clear demonstration that the myth of "real rape" persists and informs the criminal justice system. When a system so consistently fails, excludes, and harms victims of sexual assault, demands for greater policies and laws seem futile and instead, access to alternate means of justice and healing are necessary.
Historically, the only victims or survivors of sexual assault that were protected by the criminal justice system in the United States were ones who were forcibly penetrated by a man that was not their spouse and who could provide outside corroboration or proof that they resisted strenuously (Reddington, 2005, 235). This misunderstanding of sexual assault, a crime that requires a broader consideration of power, intersectionality, and coercion, leaves many victims without any options for justice and healing within the system.
Informed by "rape culture," a systematic belief system that normalized and tolerates sexual violence, the criminal justice system uses "rape myths" to deny, downplay, or justify sexual violence (Bohner, Eyssel, Pina, Siebler, and Viki, 2009, 20). These myths work to blame the victim for their victimization, express disbelief in claims, exonerate the perpetrator, and assume that only certain people could be victims of sexual assault (Bohner, Eyssel, Pina, Siebler, and Viki, 2009, 20). Under rape culture, "real rape" is the idea that only "reputable" (white, affluent, able-bodied, straight, "legal") individuals who were violently attacked by a weapon- wielding stranger could possibly be telling the truth. This is a myth. All rape is real rape.
In the 1970's, rape-survivor advocacy groups brought attention to the mistreatment that victims of sexual assault faced when reporting their victimization and navigating the criminal justice system (Reddington, 2005, 236). Inspired by this was a movement for legal reform to account for sexual assault cases that do not conform to this "real rape" script, provide the prosecutor with the tools to convict offenders in these divergent cases, empower victims to come forward, and protect them when they do. However, these victims, the ones the legal reformers wanted to protect, are still not seeing justice in this system.
In 2009, approximately 11,000 untested sexual assault kits were discovered in a police storage facility in Detroit, Michigan (Campbell, Shaw, and Fehler-Cabral, 2015, 152). It was found that 71% of these untested sexual assault kits were warehoused because the assault deviated from what is considered "real rape" and fault was somehow attributed to the victim (160). Following this discovery, nation-wide and state-level initiatives stressed the importance to inform, educate, and engage the public on internalized rape culture as this was a clear demonstration of the harm it perpetuates.
While there is a pre-existing body of literature on how the criminal justice system fails victims of sexual assault, this paper goes beyond that literature. With the detailed examination of a case study, this paper highlights how no amount of reform seems to dismantle rape culture biases from within the criminal justice system. We need to stop looking to the criminal justice system for protection; instead, this paper argues that we need alternate and accessible means of justice and healing that is victim-centered and trauma-informed.
This work is informed by feminist critical theory, a method of deconstructing discourse to expose "Other" truths, without privileging any, in an attempt to resist dominant hierarchal power relations and affect social change (Hesse-Biber, Leavy, and Yaiser, 2004, 19). Within this framework are five main objectives: Situating the research, holding skepticism towards dominant knowledge, recognizing power relations, rejecting harmful categorizations, and being reflexive of one's own position in the research themselves (Gannon and Davies, 2007, 72-75). In adopting this framework, I am attentive to the history and processes leading up to the discovery of the backlog, I am rejecting rape culture as a status quo, I am considering the intersections of identity and circumstance that influence access to justice, and make every effort to be transparent in my identity and experiences.
I am a queer, white, able-bodied, non-binary survivor of sexual assault. This work is motivated by my own lived experience as the assault I survived did not conform to "real rape". The perpetrator was not a stranger, not a monster, and was not violent. This was an instance of persistence and coercion. This made it difficult to recognize, painful to talk about, and impossible to ask for what I needed to heal. Informed by internalized rape culture, I felt alone with my experience and wrong about my instincts. However, my unearned privileges—my whiteness, my Canadian citizenship, my access to post-secondary education—eventually allowed me to name, explore, and understand my survivorship. The work that I do now is for all victims and survivors of sexual assault (especially those with fewer privileges than myself). I see you, believe you, and stand in solidarity with you. Just as my experience is valid, so is yours.
History of Rape Laws
In order to understand the processes in which rape culture has become internalized within the criminal justice system, it is important to first locate oneself in the history of rape laws. Dating back to the slavery era, the first rape laws in the U.S. were based on English Common Law, which can be traced back to seventeenth-century medieval England (Reddington, 2005, 235). These laws defined raped as "carnal knowledge of a woman by force and against her will" (235). These laws were enacted to protect a man's "property" and the assault was not considered a personal crime against the woman herself (235). In adapting the English Common Laws, most states only recognized rape if a man physically forced a woman who was not his spouse to have sexual intercourse, and she could prove through outside corroboration and physical injury that she resisted strenuously.
In the early 1970's, attention was given to these rape laws as their narrow definition prohibited most victims from even accessing the criminal justice system (Reddington, 2005, 236). This motivated a legal reform with goals to remove the barriers that discouraged victims to report sexual assault and to provide prosecutors with the tools to successfully convict offenders (246).
In 1975, Michigan enacted what was considered the strongest and most comprehensive reform of all the states (Spohn and Horney, 1993, 383; Spears and Spohn, 1997, 522). Within this reform were elements that sought to redefine rape as sexual assault; redefine consent to include coercion, threat of injury, and power; reconsider charging and punishing by establishing four degrees of gender non-specific sexual assault misconduct; remove the marital exception, corroboration doctrine, and cautionary instruction; and enact a rape shield law that prohibits the defendants from using the victim's character, behaviour, or reputation as evidence of false accusation (Reddington, 2005, 239-244).
The expectation was that this reform would improve the treatment of the victim which would consequently foster trust and confidence in other victims to come forward with reports of sexual assault (Spohn and Horney, 1993, 384). However, what Spears and Spohn found was that legally irrelevant victim characteristics, such as occupation, education, sexual history, reputation, behaviour, and mental illness, were still stronger predictors of prosecution rather than the seriousness of the case or evidentiary strength (1997, 521). Despite reform, it has been maintained that prosecutors still base their decisions to file charges or reject cases on extralegal factors which reflect the internalized biases of what is considered "real rape" (Spears and Spohn, 1997, 522). It has been suggested that reform has not achieved its instrumental goals because laws themselves cannot shift the focus of the trial from the victim's to the perpetrator's conduct when internalized rape culture that sustains this justice gap have not been addressed (Bryden and Lengnick, 1997, 1180).
One of the clearest demonstrations of the mistreatment and invalidation of victims due to internalized rape culture is the 2009 discovery of a backlog of approximately 11,000 untested sexual assault kits in Detroit.
Sexual Assault Kits
Before offering the account of this discovery, it is important to outline what a Sexual Assault Kit (SAK) is, and the purpose they serve in sexual assault cases to adequately illustrate how imperative it is to have them tested, and how irresponsible it is to allow them to accumulate at this scale.
Following the assault, whether the victim chooses to report their victimization to the police department or seek medical care, the interdependent nature of these systems results in contact with both, and the victim is inevitably advised to receive a medical forensic exam (MFE) (Shaw et al., 2016, 1477). The purpose of the MFE is to diagnose and treat injuries, offer emergency contraception to prevent pregnancy, and administer prophylaxis to treat any sexually transmitted infections that may have been contracted (Campbell, Shaw, and Fehler- Cabral, 2015, 153). In addition to these measures, a SAK is recommended as part of the exam.
This procedure is both time-consuming and highly invasive (Campbell, Shaw, and Fehler-Cabral, 2015, 153), as it requires collecting hairs, fingernails, pieces of clothing, and vaginal, anal, and oral swabs (Patterson and Campbell, 2012, 2260). Once completed, the SAK is taken into custody by law enforcement personnel who are then held responsible for submitting it to a crime laboratory for forensic analysis (Campbell, Shaw, and Fehler-Cabral, 2015, 153). If the SAK contains DNA that does not belong to the victim, this DNA can then be uploaded into a national forensic DNA database called CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) (153). This database consists of reference DNA profiles from convicted offenders (the offender index) and samples obtained from crime scenes of unknown offenders (the forensic index) (154; Campbell et al., 2016, 558). If there is a match, investigators are given a promising lead to the identity of the offender (Campbell, Shaw, and Fehler-Cabral, 2015, 153).
There has been some debate that SAK testing should be prioritized based on the relationship between the victim and the accused, but empirical evidence shows that all SAKs, regardless of this relationship, serve a critical purpose for CODIS (Campbell et al., 2016, 558). In instances where the accused is a stranger of an unknown identity, matches in both the offender and forensic index have utility. If the DNA profile from the SAK matches a sample in the offender index, a suspect and promising investigational lead is provided (558). A match in the forensic index does not provide the suspect's identity, but it does populate CODIS and leaves potential for a match in the future (558). In cases where the identity of the accused is known, this evidence could confirm bodily contact between the victim and the accused, exonerate the wrongly accused, and further populate the CODIS system (Campbell, Shaw, and Fehler-Cabral, 2015, 154; Campbell et al., 2016, 558). Furthermore, matches from known suspects in the forensic index confirms the identity of unknown suspects in other cases and provides new investigational leads (Campbell, Shaw, and Fehler-Cabral, 2015, 154; Campbell et al., 2016, 558). Therefore, testing all SAKs, regardless of the victim-accused relationship, can prevent ongoing serial rape.
Despite the SAKs unquestionable utility for both stranger and non-stranger cases, only 52% of SAKs collected actually make it to the forensic crime lab for analysis (Patterson and Campbell, 2012, 2260). When just over half of all SAKs are not tested, there are severe implications for the victim in question, victims who came before them, and the victims that will come after them. They consented to the MFE and the SAK collection with the understanding that the kit would be analyzed and used for the investigation (Campbell, Shaw, and Fehler- Cabral, 2015, 154). In refusing this, justice is denied and trust is breached, as there is no opportunity for that evidence to inform the criminal proceedings (154).
Backlog Discovery
In 2008, systemic concerns regarding the processing of crime scene evidence called into question the fairness of past, present, and future criminal cases (Campbell, Shaw, and Fehler-Cabral, 2015, 155). This motivated a necessary examination of all aspects of police evidence storage. In 2009, an off-site storage facility—previously a multilevel parking structure—was toured by representatives from the local police, state police, and prosecutor's office, to discuss evidence storage procedures (155). An assistant prosecutor questioned dozens of unmarked boxes sitting on the shelves to find that they all contained sexual assault kits. It became clear that the police department itself did not know that they had this massive accumulation of untested SAKs in their possession, as there was no readily accessible information or visual cues as to how many kits were in storage and how many of these had been tested (155).
On discovery of this backlog, a collaborative multi-disciplinary team of researchers, prosecutors, law enforcement, system-based victim advocates, information technology specialists, health care providers, community-based advocates, and forensic scientists were given an action-research grant to analyze a sample of the untested SAKs (Campbell et al., 2015, 15). The goals of the Action Research Project (ARP) were to assess the scope of the problem, identify underlying factors that contributed to the accumulation, develop a plan to efficiently test the SAKs, and create a victim-centered notification protocol (iii).
Researchers of the ARP found that across all Detroit organizations involved with SAK testing and victim services, chronic resource depletion due to their ongoing economic crisis led to many barriers (understaffing, budget cuts, leadership transitions, slow implementation of innovations, and minimal support), which contributed to the large accumulation of untested SAKs (Campbell et al., 2015, 99). This ongoing resource scarcity required that individuals with large and unmanageable workloads prioritize high-profile cases, decrease their empathy for people they did not have the capacity to help, and minimize their ability to collaborate and work with other organizations (100). That said, ARP researchers argued that chronic resource depletion was only part of the problem and a full explanation required a qualitative analysis of how various professions were approaching sexual assault cases, treating victims, and treating each other (100).
Through interviews, ethnographic observations, and archival records, this team of researchers found that chronic resource depletion and harmful victim-blaming attitudes informed by internalized rape culture became a reinforcing dynamic (Campbell et al., 2015, 100). Although the Detroit police maintained that there were valid reasons as to why the SAKs had gone untested, it was found that in 71% of the cases the SAKs were not submitted because of fault that was somehow attributed to the victim (Campbell, Shaw, and Fehler-Cabral, 2015, 160).
This victim-blaming was evident in the ways that reports had discussed occupation ("deal gone bad") and victim-offender relationship ("got what they got") in cases that had been labelled "not really a rape" (Campbell, Shaw, and Fehler-Cabral, 2015, 161-162). Because of resource and time constraints, investigators would not submit SAKs from cases that deviated from what was understood to be "real rape" to the forensic laboratory. This pattern of behaviour is an evident demonstration of how rape myths, despite the legal reform, are internalized within the criminal justice system and inform decisions that are made about cases that deviate away from "real rape".
Post-Backlog
As the ARP research revealed that rape culture is a primary force that prejudices against victims of sexual assault and limits their access to justice, this resulted in many nation-wide and state- level victim advocacy initiatives, including a component in their mission to inform and educate the public on rape myths and their harmful impacts.
In Michigan, local non-profits such as Wayne County Sexual Assault Forensic Examiners Program (WC SAFE) and the Michigan Women's Foundation and their initiative Enough Sexual Assault in Detroit (Enough SAID) were not only working to eliminate the backlog, investigate the cases that were closed and forgotten, and support and advocate for survivors with untested sexual assault kits, but they also included public education within their mission statements (WC SAFE, 2017-2018; Michigan Women's Foundation, 2019).
The findings from the ARP research have also influenced nation-wide backlog elimination initiatives to include strong education components within their mission statements. For example, Joyful Heart Foundation, a national non-profit organization, seeks to transform society's response to sexual assault and end gender-based violence. This foundation founded an initiative called End the Backlog with goals of conducting research that identifies the extent of backlogs across the nation, determines the best practices for eliminating it, expands national dialogue through public awareness, and engages with community and government agencies for a comprehensive sexual assault kit reform in policies and legislations at local, state, and federal levels (End the Backlog, 2016).
As all of these organizations have made it their mission to spread awareness on rape myth acceptance by engaging with the public, this strong emphasis suggests that the public would be coming into more regular and meaningful discourse on rape myths and how sexual assault more commonly deviates from what is considered "real rape". Rape culture can be, and has been, unlearned, but this process demands a commitment to the work, as you must actively resist against dominant and mainstream discourse that perpetuates and maintains rape myth acceptance. It has been argued that what is required for survivors of sexual assault to have access to justice is a societal attitudinal shift from rape culture to consent culture. However, this process is slow, ongoing, infinite, and still exclusionary of many survivors of sexual assault.
While it is shown here that there are prejudices against victims of sexual assault whose case deviates away from "real rape", there are many victims who are not safe to access the criminal justice system at all. These survivors are the ones who are pushed to the margins of society; these survivors are queer, BIPoC, disabled, and poor; they are sex workers, undocumented citizens, inmates and have criminal backgrounds; they are in abusive situations, have dependents or no network of support; they are the most vulnerable to sexual violence and yet have the least protection (Femifesto, 2016a; Femifesto 2016b; Femifesto 2016c).
Public education and widespread attitudinal change is important to dismantle internalized rape culture within the criminal justice system, but survivors need protection, access to support, and means to heal immediately. What is necessary are feasible alternative approaches to justice for all survivors rather than changing a system that continually fails us, excludes us, and harms us.
Beyond the Criminal Justice System
When victims of sexual assault are repeatedly failed, excluded, or harmed by the criminal justice system because of its inability to honour the stories, experiences, and pain from victims of sexual assault, there needs to be various alternative and accessible means available for them to experience justice in a way that is conducive to their healing. Outside of the criminal justice system, justice and healing is an individuated experience, where the specific needs of the survivor should determine what resources, services, and support they receive. As outlined by Common Justice (Armatta, 2018), alternative survivor support services should follow four guiding principles. The response to a disclosure should be intersectional, survivor-centered, accountability-based, and safety-driven (14-18). Sexual assault is a crime motivated by power, so it is critical to take an intersectional and anti-oppressive approach when responding. Where the criminal justice system holds the survivor as powerless as the perpetrator that assaulted them, a survivor-centered approach gives them back power, control, and agency. To be survivor-centered requires giving the person harmed the space to make decisions of how they will experience healing and find justice. An accountability-based approach requires that the person who harmed holds responsibility for the harm committed, acknowledging the impact this harm has on others, having empathy and expressing genuine remorse, taking the actions necessary to repair the harm, and making a commitment to not repeat similar harm (15). By honouring the survivors' experiences and holding the perpetrator accountable, underlying causes of violence are addressed and this, in turn, inherently creates a safer community for everyone.
Sexual assault is a traumatic event that can cause multiple, negative, long-term effects, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, fear and anxiety, substance dependence, and suicidal ideation as well as attempts (Campbell et al., 2009, 225-226). Despite a wide-spread understanding from the general public and authoritative officials that sexual assault is a heinous crime, it maintains that only certain sexual assault cases and victims are taken seriously, held space for, and granted justice.
Through analyzing the ways victims of sexual assault are treated within the criminal justice system both pre- and post- legal reform in Michigan, this paper makes it explicitly clear that legal reform is not enough to ensure greater access to justice. This was demonstrated when approximately 11,000 sexual assault kits were untested, warehoused, and forgotten about in a Detroit police storage facility because these cases did not conform to what is understood as a "real rape".
It has been argued that, regardless of legal reformation, for victims of sexual assault to be treated properly, fairly, and empathetically throughout their case, there needs to be a widespread attitudinal change that addresses and dismantles rape culture. However, seven years later, after many initiatives have been working to engage and educate the public and demand better policy from the criminal justice system, even high-profile sexual assault cases are still exonerating the accused and most victims are left retraumatized without any options at all.
As a survivor of sexual assault, advocating and working for other survivors of sexual assault, I am using this case study to demand greater access to alternate means of justice and healing that are survivor-centered, accountability-based, safety-driven, and intersectional.
Armatta, Judith. 2018. "Ending sexual violence through transformative justice". Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies 5, no. 1: 1-38.
Bohner, Gerd., Friederike Eyssel, Afroditi Pina, Frank Siebler, and G. Tendayi Viki.. 2009. "Rape Myth Acceptance: Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioural Effects of Beliefs that Blame the Victim and Exonerate the Perpetrator." In Rape: Challenging Contemporary Thinking, edited by M. Horvath and J. Brown, 17-45. Cullompton, UK: Willan Publishing.
Bryden, David P., and Sonja Lengnick. 1997. "Rape in the Criminal Justice System." Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 87, no 4: 1194-1384.
Campbell, Rebecca., Emily Dworkin, and Giannina Cabral. 2009. "An Ecological Model of the Impact of Sexual Assault on Women's Mental Health." Trauma, Violence, and Abuse 10, no. 3: 225-246.
Campbell, Rebecca, Giannina Fehler-Cabral, Steven J. Pierce, Dhruv B. Sharma, Deborah Bybee, Jessica Shaw, Sheena Horsford, and Hannah Feeney. 2015. The Detroit Sexual Assault Kit (SAK) Action Research Project (ARP). U.S. Department of Justice.
Campbell, Rebecca., Jessica Shaw, and Giannina Fehler-Cabral. 2015. "Shelving Justice: The Discovery of Thousands of Untested Rape Kits in Detroit." City and Community 14, no. 2: 151-166.
Campbell, Rebecca, Steven J. Pierce, Dhruv B. Sharma, Hannah Feeney, and Giannina Fehler- Cabral. 2016. "Should Rape Kit Testing Be Prioritized by Victim-Offender Relationship?" Criminology & Public Policy 15, no. 2: 555-583.
End the Backlog. 2016. Joyful Heart Foundation Initiative. www.endthebacklog.org.
Femifesto. 2016a. "Stop Erasing Sexual Violence Survivors with Disabilities". Accessed February 22, 2019. http://www.femifesto.ca/stop-erasing-sexual-violence-survivors-with-disabilities/.
Femifesto. 2016b. "Listen to Sexual Assault Survivors of Colour". Accessed February 22, 2019. http://www.femifesto.ca/listen-to-survivors-of-colour/.
Femifesto. 2016c. "Debunking Myths About Rape in Prison". Accessed February 22, 2019. http://www.femifesto.ca/debunking-myths-about-prison-rape/.
Gannon, S. and B. Davies. 2007. "Postmodern, Poststructural, and Critical Theories." In Handbook of Feminist Research, edited by S. N. Hesse-Biber, 71-106. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publication.
Hesse-Biber, S. N, P. Leavy, and M. L. Yaiser. 2004. "Feminist Approaches to Research as a Process: Reconceptualising Epistemology, Methodology, and Method." In Feminist Perspectives on Social Research, edited by S.N. Hesse-Biber and M. L. Yaiser, 3-26. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Michigan Women's Foundation. 2019. "Enough SAID." Accessed February 17, 2019. http://www.miwf.org/enough-said/.
Patterson, Debra., and Rebecca Campbell. 2012. "The Problem of Untested Sexual Assault Kits: Why Are Some Kits Never Submitted to a Crime Laboratory?" Journal of Interpersonal Violence 27, no. 11: 2259-2275.
Reddington, F. P. 2005. "A Brief History of Rape Law and Rape Law Reform in the United States." In Sexual Assault: The Victims, the Perpetrators, and the Criminal Justice System, edited by F. P. Reddington and B. W. Kreisel, 235-249. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press.
Shaw, Jessica, Rebecca Campbell, Julie Hagstron, Leslie O'Reilly, Gail Kreiger, Debi Cain, and Jeff Nye. 2016. "Bringing Research into Practice: An Evaluation of Michigan's Sexual Assault Kit." Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31, no. 8: 1476-1500.
Spears, Jeffrey W. and Cassia C. Spohn. 1997. "The Effect of Evidence Factors and Victim Characteristics on Prosecutors' Charging Decisions in Sexual Assault Cases." Justice Quarterly 14, no. 3: 501-524.
Spohn, Cassia and Julia Horney. 1993. "Rape Law Reform and the Effect of Victim Characteristics on Case Processing." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 9, no. 4: 383- 409.
WC SAFE. "About WC SAFE." Accessed February 17, 2019. http://wcsafe.org/about-us/.
Nikki A. Basset is a genderqueer feminist and survivor currently residing in Halifax, NS. They work as a community educator supporting queer youth and founded not your boys club, an independent blog, radio show, safer spaces facilitation, and booking/promoting initiative that offers a platform for emerging femme, trans, and gender non-conforming musicians.
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Canon Launches Six New Printers for Small Offices and Home Offices to Help Increase Productivity and Efficiency
Continues Expansion of Company's Business Inkjet and Laser Printer Portfolio for Hybrid Work Environments
MELVILLE, NY, April 26, 2022 – With hybrid working environments now the new norm for many companies, remote employees need every tool available to help keep them productive at home, while businesses also need intuitive equipment for when staff does come to the office. To help bridge the gap between home and office, Canon U.S.A., Inc., a leader in digital imaging solutions, is pleased to introduce six new printers designed to enhance productivity for hybrid workers and small businesses. These models include new features to help meet the latest market needs for convenience, workflow efficiency, and security.
"Canon is proud to deliver solutions designed to meet new customer needs through the continued expansion of the MAXIFY and imageCLASS printer lines," says Isao "Sammy" Kobayashi, senior vice president and general manager of Canon U.S.A., Inc. "These new printers are designed to improve efficiency for small and home offices, while being versatile, eco-friendly, and time-saving tools."
The new MAXIFY GX5020 printer is an extension of the Canon MegaTank Printer lineup utilizing a high-volume continuous ink supply system, which can significantly reduce ink costs by utilizing high-volume ink bottles. This technology also allows users to focus on their work and not get distracted by frequently replacing ink cartridges; and when bottles do need refilling, it is an easy-to-fill, "no mess" process. The MAXIFY GX5020 printer can hold up to 350 sheets of paper. Additional features include:
Low Total Cost of Ownership & Increased Productivity – Thanks to low running costs of roughly two cents, coupled with high-volume ink bottles, it can produce approximately 14,000 sheets in color and approximately 6,000 sheets in black ink*.
Small Footprint – Don't let the size of the MAXIFY GX5020 printer fool you. While sufficiently compact to fit neatly in limited space, such as a retail store counter or medical reception desk, it delivers high productivity and efficiency.
Print Quality & Media Versatility – The MAXIFY GX5020 printer delivers professional print quality via a four-color pigment-based ink system -- sharp, crisp prints that are less likely to smudge. Plus, it offers the versatility to print a range of media from labels to banner papers, glossy media, envelopes and more.
The Canon MAXIFY GX5020 printer is also compatible with the new online version of PosterArtist, a poster creation program designed for all levels of users to create professional-looking posters, banners and signage, with a unique technology allows it to express four different textured looks in gold or silver to enhance the output. This application, that works across many supported compatible models of Canon devices including the imagePROGRAF, PIXMA, imageRUNNER ADVANCE, imageCLASS, imagePRESS and MAXIFY series, offers prepopulated templates in various categories including education, business, health, travel, hospitality, and many others that the user can customize to fit their needs.
Along with the launch of the new MAXIFY GX5020 printer, Canon U.S.A., Inc. is proud to announce the addition of three new models to its imageCLASS-branded black-and-white laser all-in-one portfolio:
imageCLASS MF453dw – Three-in-one (print, scan, copy) at 40 pages per minute (ppm)**
imageCLASS MF452dw – Four-in-one (print, scan, copy, fax) at 34 ppm**
imageCLASS MF451dw – Three-in-one (print, scan, copy) at 34 ppm**
With their high-speed, crisp prints, user-friendly interface and Wi-Fi printing capabilities, these new models will benefit small and home office workers. These printers utilize Canon's Application Library device platform, which provides the ability for frequently used applications and convenient functions to be registered as quick buttons on the home screen for user convenience. It takes only five seconds for the first page to print on all of these three new imageCLASS models.
The new models build upon the platform capabilities of Canon's imageCLASS predecessors with features such as:
Cloud Connect (Scan and Print) ***: Cloud-based printing and scanning directly from the printer's 5-inch color touch screen. Users can print documents directly from Dropbox, Google Drive, or OneDrive accounts, or scan images and documents directly to these services.
Simple Wi-Fi Network Setup Process: Connecting to a Wi-Fi network is much easier than in the past.
One Pass Scan: Scan both sides of your document in a single pass for increased scanning speed and to help keep documents in order.
The free Canon PRINT Business application for compatible Apple and Android mobile devices offers convenient and quick printing and scanning on the go for the imageCLASS MF450 printer models.
"Canon's MAXIFY GX and imageCLASS devices offer a great value for small and home office environments and increase the value of the company's already impressive lineup for the SOHO buyer to consider," says Keith Kmetz, program vice president, imaging, printing & document solutions, IDC.
Lastly, Canon is adding the imageCLASS MF3010 and MF3010VP ("Value Pack") to its lineup of black-and-white laser printers for home office environments. These models can print up to 19 ppm**, with the first page printed in 8 seconds, and a capacity of 150 sheets. The MF3010VP printer comes with an additional toner cartridge, and both models come with a long USB cable to connect to a PC or Mac. The imageCLASS MF3010 and MF3010VP printers can be perfect for those looking for a low-cost printer with the functionality to get the job done.
The new MAXIFY GX5020 printer is available for immediate purchase through the Canon online store for $399.00. The imageCLASS MF453dw and MF451dw printers are available for purchase immediately for $349.00 and $299.00, respectively. The imageCLASS MF452dw printer will be available for purchase the first week in May for $329.00. The imageCLASS MF3010 printer is available exclusively through Walmart for $99.00 and the imageCLASS MF3010VP printer is available for purchase immediately for $149.00.^
For more information and the full list of product specifications, visit usa.canon.com.
Canon U.S.A., Inc., is a leading provider of consumer, business-to-business, and industrial digital imaging solutions to the United States and to Latin America and the Caribbean markets. With approximately $30.6 billion in global revenue, its parent company, Canon Inc. (NYSE:CAJ), as of 2021 has ranked in the top-five overall in U.S. patents granted for 36 consecutive years† and was one of Fortune Magazine's World's Most Admired Companies in 2022. Canon U.S.A. was featured in Newsweek's Most Loved Workplaces list for 2021, ranking among the top 100 companies for employee happiness and satisfaction at work. Canon U.S.A. is dedicated to its Kyosei philosophy of social and environmental responsibility. To keep apprised of the latest news from Canon U.S.A., sign up for the Company's RSS news feed by visiting www.usa.canon.com/rss and follow us on Twitter @CanonUSA.
† Number of patents for 2021 are based on figures released by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services. Figures for 2005 to 2020 are based on information issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
* The page yield is based on the consumption data from the succeeding ink bottle but not the first ink bottle. Color document page yield is the estimated value based on Canon individual test method using the ISO/IEC 24712 color chart and continuous printing simulation with the replacement after initial setup.
** Print speed is based on internal testing. Print speed may vary depending on the number of copies selected, as well as the settings for size, type and orientation of paper.
*** Supported by MF453w, MF452dw and MF451dw. Subscription to a third party cloud service required. Subject to third party cloud service provider terms and conditions.
^ Specifications, availability and prices are subject to change without notice. Actual prices are set by individual dealers and may vary.
imageCLASS MF3010
imageCLASS MF3010VP

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Escudo de la Policia Nacional del Ecuador, varios logos en el archivo de illustrator cs4.
Download the vector logo of the Policia Nacional del Ecuador brand designed by in Adobe® Illustrator® format. The current status of the logo is obsolete, which means the logo is not in use by the company anymore.


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Mira (ο Cet / ο Ceti / Omikron Ceti / také Mira Ceti) je dvojhvězda v souhvězdí Velryby sestávající z červeného obra Mira A (nebo jen Mira) a bílého trpaslíka Mira B nebo také VZ Ceti. Mira A je proměnná hvězda a je první objevenou proměnnou hvězdou, která byla objevena a nebyla supernovou. Na rozdíl od bizarní Eta Carinae, Mira je nejjasnější periodickou proměnnou hvězdou na obloze, která není po část svého cyklu viditelná.

Její malý hvězdný průvodce byl objeven pomocí Hubbleova vesmírného dalekohledu (HST) v roce 1995, kdy byl 70 AU od hlavní složky dvojhvězdy. Objev byl oznámen v roce 1997. Ultrafialové obrázky z HST a pozdější rentgenové obrázky z Chandry ukázaly spirálu plynu opouštějící Miru A směrem k Miře B. Průvodce Miru oběhne jednou za zhruba 400 let. Celá soustava se Galaxií pohybuje rychlostí 130 km·s−1.

Mira se stala prototypem mirid, proměnných hvězd s dlouhou periodou. Zatím je známo asi 6000 hvězd tohoto typu. Všechno jsou to červení obři, jejichž povrchy pulzují a zvyšují nebo snižují tak svou jasnost během period dlouhých od asi 80 do více než 1000 dnů. Nejčastěji jsou jejich periody dlouhé od 200 do 400 dnů.

Samotná Mira se zjasňuje až k 3,5. magnitudě, čímž se stává dobře viditelnou hvězdou. Někdy dosáhne maxima až 2,0. mag a minima 4,9. mag. Mění tak celkem běžně svou jasnost až patnáctkrát. V historii ale už její jasnost poklesla až mezi 8,6. a 10,1. mag. Při porovnání absolutního minima a maxima (nikoli během jedné periody) zjistíme, že Mira dokáže změnit svou jasnost až 1700 krát.

Její světelná křivka stoupá asi 100 dnů a dalších zhruba 200 dnů klesá. Perioda je v průměru dlouhá 332 dnů.

V roce 2007 byl pomocí družice NASA GALEX () objeven u této hvězdy mimořádně dlouhý chvost z materiálu, který hvězda uvolňuje. Je tvořen uhlíkem, kyslíkem a dalšími prvky. Proud částic je dlouhý 13 ly.

Objev
Mira byla objevena, nebo alespoň poprvé zaznamenána, po řadě pozorování astronoma Davida Fabricia, která začala 3. srpna roku 1596. Jako referenční hvězdu pro zjišťování polohy planety Merkur si vybral do té doby nezaznamenanou hvězdu třetí magnitudy, která se nacházela opodál. 21. srpna ale hvězda nečekaně zvýšila svou jasnost o celou jednu magnitudu, ale během října přestala být pozorovatelná. Fabricius si myslel, že to byla jen nova, ale překvapivě ji 16. února 1609 opět spatřil.

Později Johannes Phocylides Holwarda určil její periodu na 11 měsíců. Jméno jí dal pak Johannes Hevelius, který ji pozoroval ve stejné době. Jméno se objevilo v jeho práci  z roku 1662. Mira znamená latinsky nádherná, udivující nebo výjimečná. Pro toto pojmenování se rozhodl proto, že se chovala zcela jinak než ostatní známé hvězdy na obloze. Ismail Bouillaud potom zpřesnil její periodu na 333 dnů. Tato hodnota se liší jen o jeden den od dnes uváděných 332 dnů. Je přitom známo, že Mira svou periodu mírně mění.

Spekuluje se, jestli Fabricius Miru skutečně pozoroval jako první. Z příkladu hvězdy Algolu, u kterého se s jistotou potvrdila jeho proměnnost až roku 1667, se dá usuzovat, že Miru pozorovali lidé již tisíciletí. V jednom ze svých spisů se o podobné hvězdě zmiňuje už Hipparchos, ale Ptolemaiovy katalogy hvězdu nezmiňují ani jako běžnou hvězdu. V čínských a korejských archívech můžeme také nalézt její pozorování z let 134 př. n. l., 1070 a 1596, tedy z téže doby, kdy ji pozoroval i Fabricius. Těmito pozorováními si ale nemůžeme být jistí, protože záznamy tehdy byly značně nepřesné, protože hvězdy se běžně umísťovaly jen do čínských souhvězdí.

Reference

Externí odkazy

Dvojhvězdy
Hvězdy v souhvězdí Velryby
Proměnné hvězdy
Červení obři
Bílí trpaslíci

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The Swiss, Sepp Blatter, is seeking to be re-elected as FIFA's president again. (File Photo)
Blatter takes campaign to Africa amid mounting support for Bin Hammam in FIFA presidential election
JAMES M. DORSEY, Al Arabiya
The president of world soccer body FIFA, Sepp Blatter, is taking his re-election campaign to Africa this week amid mounting opposition to a Confederation of African Football (CAF) decision to back him against his challenger Mohammed Bin Hammam, the Qatari head of the Asian Football Confederation.
Mr. Blatter is scheduled to meet with African soccer leaders in Johannesburg next weekend during a gathering called to discuss a lasting legacy for the 2010 World Cup. The Council of Southern African Football Associations (COSAFA) says Mr. Blatter will meet with representatives from four of the five regional African federations on Saturday.
Mr. Blatter, a 75-year old imperious Swiss soccer manager, is seeking a fourth term as FIFA president against the backdrop of mounting allegations of corruption in last December's awarding of the 2018 World Cup to Russia and the 2022 tournament to Qatar.
CAF's executive committee recently declared its support for Mr. Blatter. The decision by the Cairo- based organization in which Egypt is a heavyweight and that also groups the Arab nations of North Africa was a setback for Mr. Bin Hammam, who is campaigning on a platform that calls for greater transparency. CAF's 53 federations account for a quarter of FIFA's total membership.
Mr. Bin Hammam can take heart from the fact that a number of African federations, including Mali and Liberia, are protesting against the CAF executive committee endorsement of Mr. Blatter.
Mali Football Federation president Hammadoun Kolado Cisse warned that he had not yet decided which of the two candidates he would endorse.
"The executive committee can make a recommendation, but the national federations decide their own vote. They are not obliged to follow the committee and some countries are supporting Blatter, others bin Hammam," Mr. Cisse said.
The Malian said the real issue at stake was the need to reform FIFA's system of awarding World Cups as well as the way the wealthy organization's finances are managed. Mr. Cisse suggested that FIFA's general assembly be tasked with the awarding of World Cups rather than its 24-member executive committee. One third of Mr. Blatter's committee stands accused of corruption or improper behavior in last December's awarding process.
"If every country can vote on who hosts the event, that will cut down on corruption because you can't corrupt 203 federations," Mr. Cisse said.
In an indication that Mr. Bin Hammam has yet to convince many that he is an agent of change, Mr. Cisse declined to say whether a change at the helm of FIFA was needed to ensure reform.
In contrast to Mr. Cisse, Liberian Football Association president Musa Bility said in a statement that he and other African federations would back Mr. Bin Hammam.
"My decision, along with Nigeria, Ghana and others to support the candidacy of Bin Hammam remains unwavering in spite of the CAF decision," Mr. Bility said.
(James M. Dorsey is a senior researcher at the National University of Singapore's Middle East Institute and the author of the blog, The Turbulent World of Middle East Soccer. He can be reached via email at: questfze@gmail.com)


text:
Doing History in Public
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Georgia Oman
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Elly Barnett
Katy Bond
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History & current affairs
'No Stamp Act': Pots & Politics in Early America
by doinghistoryinpublic on July 2, 2019
By Evelyn Strope (@develyn_16)
Although it may come as a shock to a twenty-first-century consumer, tea was once a political brew. The strong, steeped leaves and the teapots, teacups, and silverware that accompanied them were representative of clashes between imperialism and commercialism in the Atlantic world. As tea shifted from luxury to necessity in early modern Europe, Britons wanted tea-time utensils as fashionable as the drink itself.[1] Sensing a profitable opportunity in this spike in tea consumption, British manufacturers raced to meet demand for teaware and challenge the Chinese stronghold on the porcelain market through the invention of 'creamware' or 'pearlware.' Both attractive and cost-effective, creamware opened up new markets for fine tableware beyond the middling classes, allowing ordinary men and women whose pocketbooks had once restricted them to rough earthenwares to dabble in the finer things in life. New-and-improved British ceramics were marketed throughout the Empire, including in the North American colonies, where tea and teaware would set the stage for now-infamous taxation protests. Long before disaffected colonists threw around 340 chests of tea into Boston Harbor, Americans had already begun to associate pots and politics. Take, for example, the 'No Stamp Act' teapot.
Now held in the Smithsonian National Museum of American History, this teapot is possibly from the Cockpit Hill Factory in Derby, England, made between 1766 and 1770.[2] The creamware pot is emblazoned with black glazed messages – 'No Stamp Act' on the front and 'American, Liberty Restored' on the reverse – encircled with painted flowers and scrolled leaves; its spout and handle resemble knotted branches. The teapot commemorates the repeal of the Stamp Act, a 1765 law (enacted eight years before the Boston Tea Party!) which had required colonists to affix taxed stamps to printed materials. The direct tax was designed to raise revenue for an impoverished Britain after the Seven Years War but was not viewed as particularly innovative within Parliament.[3] The colonial response to the Stamp Act, however, came as quite the surprise. They swore off British goods, burned effigies of stamp collectors, and forced distributors to resign their posts until the duties were repealed. These protests, shrinking foreign trade, and domestic recession in 1765 made it easy for the British to call for repeal under the assumption that the government had too much to lose.[4] Despite the repeal in March 1766, the struggle between Britain and her colonies over trade and sovereignty was far from over, but our teapot shows that the period just after the repeal was one of celebration.
In fact, the 'No Stamp Act' teapot can tell us much about that period, as long as we know where to look. True, the teapot embodies Anglo-American debates on taxation and consumption, but it also serves as a tangible product of the British tea and pottery trades. By pouring, admiring, and drinking from the ceramics of the tea service, Anglo-Americans gained a tangible connection to the world of goods created through the East India Company (EIC) trade in tea. Perhaps this teapot indicates a pro-American sentiment among the British working class that supported the repeal of the Stamp Act on political and intellectual grounds. The pot could also represent support for the repeal solely because the end of the tax meant the end of colonial nonimportation and the return of British ceramics to the lucrative American market. An annoyance at the EIC's handling of the tea trade, then, would suggest that the politicization of tea – so prominent in the colonies in the 1770s – began much earlier than we thought. [5]
Why would consumers want to purchase and use the 'No Stamp Act' teapot after the Act's repeal? Consumers purchase with regards to personal beliefs, social constructions, and aesthetic tastes, and shopping became a pastime brimming with exciting forms of advertising. As the pot shares similar headings and patterns with other extant pieces, it was likely pre-made and marketed in shop windows, and drew in consumers with a combination of its beauty, utility, and political message. The pot's message was intended to be seen, read, interpreted, and debated within social settings. Maybe the maker hoped that the pattern would catch the eye of female passersby or that its message would appeal to male customers' political leanings.
The irony of American nonconsumption during this period, however, is that it grew explicitly from consumer society. The 'No Stamp Act' teapot was intended to be consumed in celebration of the presumed success of nonconsumption in preventing the execution of the stamp tax. But were these protests actually contradictory? It was only natural that a society that built its empire on global trade and the commercial participation of its members would relate goods to the economic, political, and social issues of the time. By the end of the early modern period, the proliferation of goods and the rise of consumer societies had created an inseparable link between commercial and political worlds, so that even politics could be represented by things. If we ignore the remnants of those worlds in our study of the period – like our fascinating teapot – we lose an important piece of the puzzle.
Image: 'No Stamp Act' Teapot, Creamware, possibly Cockpit Hill Factory, c. 1766-1770, courtesy of the National Museum of American History.
[1] Victoria Avery, Mary Laven, and Melissa Calaresu, eds., Treasured Possessions: From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment (London: PWP, 2015), 199; 92-96.
[2] National Museum of American History, "No Stamp Act Teapot," NMAH, accessed 5 March 2018, http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1320066.
[3] John L. Bullion, A Great and Necessary Measure: George Grenville and the Genesis of the Stamp Act, 1763-1765 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1982), 142.
[4] Paul Langford, A Polite and Commercial People: England, 1727 – 1783 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), 366.
[5] See Jane T. Merritt, The Trouble with Tea: The Politics of Consumption in the Eighteenth-Century Global Economy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017).
Tags: american history, Atlantic world, consumption, tea
From: Doing history in public, Evelyn Strope, Research, Uncategorized
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text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
// Licensed under the MIT License.

using UnityEngine;

namespace Microsoft.MixedReality.Toolkit.UI
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Scales the collider on one object relative to the transform's scale of another object
    /// </summary>
    [ExecuteInEditMode]
    [AddComponentMenu("Scripts/MRTK/SDK/ButtonCollider")]
    public class ButtonCollider : MonoBehaviour
    {

        [Tooltip("the object to copy the scale from")]
        public Transform CopyFrom;

        [Tooltip("the percentage amounts to offset the scale")]
        public Vector3 ScaleFactor = Vector3.one;

        public Vector3 Expand = Vector3.zero;

        [Tooltip("should this only run in Edit mode, to avoid updating as items move?")]
        public bool OnlyInEditMode;

        private Collider copyTo;

        private void Awake()
        {
            copyTo = GetComponent<Collider>();
        }

        private void SetScale()
        {
            if (copyTo != null && CopyFrom != null)
            {
                BoxCollider box = copyTo as BoxCollider;
                if (box != null)
                {
                    box.size = Vector3.Scale(CopyFrom.transform.localScale, ScaleFactor) + Expand;
                    return;
                }

                CapsuleCollider capsule = copyTo as CapsuleCollider;
                if (capsule != null)
                {
                    capsule.radius = CopyFrom.transform.localScale.x * ScaleFactor.x + Expand.x;
                    capsule.height = CopyFrom.transform.localScale.y * ScaleFactor.y + Expand.y;
                }
            }
        }

        // Update is called once per frame
        void Update()
        {
            if ((Application.isPlaying && !OnlyInEditMode) || (!Application.isPlaying))
            {
                SetScale();
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


When you're deciding on your place settings you want to pay attention to detail, but not use up your whole budget! Some simple ideas and affordable items can help you have a memorable and economical wedding. Here are some decoration ideas to help you pick the right items for you place settings.
Choosing flatware is an important step. You can explore different cheap flatware options before making a choice. Stainless steel flatware is one of the simplest yet elegant options. Setting the tables with stainless steel flatware having modern mirror finish is a great idea. This dishwasher-safe flatware are durable easy to maintain. You can go for pearl studded flatware if you want a classier option. They come with stainless steel construction and lasting pearl studded ivory handles. You can choose silver flatware for a luxurious feel. Available in a vast variety of designs, this flatware is for those who appreciate beauty and tradition. This timeless flatware option reflects artistry from the past which continues to complement today's tables.
You can use flowers in different ways. You can use them to decorate the tables, doors, chairs etc. Go for pink rose and calla lily bouquets to decorate the centre of tables. You can choose a see through vase to show off the white Calla lilies entwined with long stems. The luxurious lavender roses and passionate pink roses can give the place a really inviting look. If you don't want to go for this regular style of using flowers then here is another option for you. Pick some transparent cylindrical vases, fill them half with water and immerse the flowers or petals in it. You must fill the vases with water fully. This gives a unique look to the tables.
You can simply pick some wide ribbons and cut them according to the width of the chairs. Now tie them around the chairs making a beautiful knot. If you don't want the knot to be visible, you can paste or staple big artificial flowers on the knot. This will hide them, giving the chairs a nicer look.
Be creative and think outside the box when you plan how to set the tables at you wedding. There are plenty of other things that you will surely need to spend you money on. So keep it simple and sweet. Congrats!


Julia — The Blessing Co.
JULIA AZAR is a wife to Freddy, mother of Isabel and Nicholas, and artist residing in Memphis, TN, where she has created whimsical watercolor invitations for over 20 years. A friend introduced her to Nancy Gordon's music when her daughter, Isabel, was born four months prematurely. During the early years of ensuing care for Isabel's fragile health, Nancy's music permeated the air of the Azar home, quickly becoming the soundtrack of spiritual sustenance for both mother and daughter as it strengthened their trust in God's power. Today Isabel is a healthy young woman in college, overflowing with passion for Christ.


Community Trust and Investment Co.: Cameron Adams has been hired as an equity analyst in the Wealth and Trust Management division. Cassandra Basler and Sherry Moody have been named trust relationship administrators in the Wealth and Trust Management division.
Enderle Besten Dieruf: Luke S. Hardy has joined the company as a staff accountant. Scott Romans has been named a partner in the Lexington accounting firm. Romans has been with the firm since 2009 and specializes in taxation and business valuations.
ElderLawLexington: Richard Dawahare has joined the firm as an attorney. He will focus his practice on veteran's benefits law, elder care, estate planning and probate.
Association of Fundraising Professionals, Bluegrass Chapter: The following have been elected to the 2016 board of directors: Patrick Robinson, Kentucky Community & Technical College System, president; Michael Stratford, Asbury University, past president; Scott Fitzpatrick, Midway College, vice president-membership; Kelli Adanick, Paris-Bourbon County YMCA, vice president-community relations; Ashley Hammond, Lexington Humane Society, vice president-education; Gregory Laur, University of Kentucky, treasurer; and Carrie Thayer, Hope Center, secretary.
Kentucky American Water: Gina Money has been promoted to director of financial analysis and decision support for American Water's Central Division, which includes Kentucky, Indiana, Michigan and Tennessee. She is based in Lexington and will manage finances for Kentucky American Water and Tennessee American Water, and serve as the finance lead for the rest of the Central Division. Justin Sensabaugh has been promoted to manager of operations-production, overseeing the company's treatment plants and water quality efforts. Sensabaugh most recently served as operations superintendent for the northern division, which includes water and wastewater operations in Gallatin, Grant and Owen counties.
Keeneland: Jesse Ullery has been named a sales associate. Ullery, who has served as a pedigree announcer at the Keeneland sales since January 2014, was the director of racing at Fair Meadows and Will Rogers Downs in Oklahoma. He will begin his new duties Feb. 22 and will continue as an announcer during Keeneland sales.


Featuring out popular ASL Across America line of DVDs, we're proud to offer the latest and best in educational American Sign Language DVDs. Browse our selection today if you're planning a trip or if you're looking to brush up on ASL.
We also feature DVDs for babies, as well as storytelling DVDs for children. Our Everyday Signs DVD is incredibly popular for parents with young children.


My Southern Sparkle: School is out!
I have been MIA lately because I have been busy with the kiddos and all their end of the year activities and, of course, baseball! DS2 finished up his baseball season last Saturday with the team winning the game and then having a really fun end of the season party, complete with water balloons!
After the party we decided to have a little adventure and headed to Yellow Branch Falls. It was the perfect kick off to summer! We walked the 1.5 mile trail back into the falls and boy, was it worth it!
The flowers were so gorgeous and I probably spent an annoying amount of time taking photos on the way to the falls.
My photo snapping caused theboys to have to stop and wait on the Slow-Poe (as DS2 has been known to label me!).
As we made our final turn and headed down to the falls we saw a cool blanket of mist rising. It was almost spooky.
I think if it hadn't been so late in the day, I could have sat there for hours.
It was the perfect start to our summer vacation. It was especially nice that DH could go with us since we tend to find adventures while he is at work. He actually got to be part of the fun rather than just hear about it!
Michelle, you are quite a photographer!!! Lovely pictures...and the falls were absolutely gorgeous...would love to go there sometime. Have fun with the kids and keep posting those pictures I love to see how all of you look!!! :) Hope to see you soon.


text:
Compulsory Kitchen in West Java : Blog1
West Java Province Renowned for Indonesia Tourism Benefits
West Java Province, of course, has a city in Bandung, which has extraordinary attractions. Especially with all its originality, of course, this place also attracts a lot of attention. Including visiting tourist attractions in the area, because there are a lot of places that can really be visited, and of course give their impression of enjoyment.
Until now, the area has its own uniqueness to the point of popularity in various other regions. Even since the colonial era, West Java has had its own story of a struggle to protect Indonesia's independence. Therefore, his name has often been discussed, especially in discussions about history.
Although indeed, in 1949, the state of Pasun became part of the NIS or the United States of Indonesia. But a year later, West Java Province re-joined the Indonesian state and continued efforts to develop state sovereignty. Wrestling is the background in the confirmation of the historical story of the place .
Many of the peculiarities of the West Java region can be tried to find out before arriving there. Of course, this fact will be interesting later when you enjoy the atmosphere and emotions in the area yourself. Even deeper with different cultures around Indonesia , of course, there is nothing wrong with you if you get to know West Java.
Geography and demographics of West Java
Graphically, indeed, the area is the most western province on the island of Java , and later makes it a direct adjacent to the Indian Ocean as well as the Java Sea. The place has a combination of many rivers running its water into the Java Sea and lowlands in the north, while the middle is part of Mount Seremai. So there are a lot of interesting places in the area.
One of the most interesting aspects of this region is the conflicting characteristics of the two individuals, modern people living around the Jabodetabek area and the Great Bandung. By the way, there are still people in the village, of course, thick artificial habits are still felt there a lot.
So when you get there, you may feel a different life, even if you are in the opposite place. It's interesting because tourists can definitely choose to enjoy the atmosphere to provide feel and comfort while in this province.
Most people from the western province of Java use Sundan for daily communication, albeit with the usual dialects of some regions. Even now, the use of regional languages is being promoted again, so some television and local radio have used it to introduce it to a modern society that uses more Indonesian.
There are many things you can do there, including visiting Bandung as an Indonesian fashion center. Even this area is called the Paris Van Java so that fashion lovers can enjoy time there. But for those who want to enjoy a different atmosphere, arriving in a rural area with only a quiet atmosphere calms down as a place to travel and relax.
Compulsory Kitchen in West Java
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Food is always filled when discussing the territory. For the westernmest province on java island , it certainly has many specialties that are well known in other areas so they can be easily found. But if you try it directly, of course, the taste will also have its own originality, so that you can enjoy it later while you spend time in the area .
Processed food, made from vegetables such as onion plants, onions, long onions, lettuce, ovaries, cabbage, as well as other types of additives, are mixed together. Also watered with peanut butter is a popular dish in this area. The name of the processed is karedok, of course, you have heard about it. To enjoy this processed food is definitely tasty and attractive.
Another interesting food in the area is oncom smoke beehives. This rice is definitely specially processed in combination with several selected processed spices, including spices, to produce rice with a specific taste. It is especially rare in other regions for a kitchen made from rice and oncom from The West Java Region , so you have to come directly to enjoy it.
But you need to get acquainted with a variety of interesting hills, such as legs, eggs, meatballs, as well as other additional options with sebaceous food. For those who like fragrant flavors, you really do not want to try these spice-treated crackers. Moreover, its uniqueness is that cracker ingredients are soft because they are soaked and then cooked with spices so that the taste is specific and specific.
The typical art of the West Java region is definitely amazing
Culture is something interesting and indeed continues to be preserved and each region has its own characteristics. The province of West Java was influenced by Sundan and Cirebon cultures. Then a great number of cultures developed in the surrounding area , and it produced many artifactions to enjoy to this day .
Jaipong is a dance known as the art of the west java region . Dance is a combination of tap dancing, ronggeng, to special movements for martial arts. This art is indeed an extraordinary attraction that many foreigners would like to learn and master to do well .
There is also art from the West Java region, that is, wayang golek. Most of the stories told in art are Mahabarata and Ramayana. Culture developed from the time of ancestors and continues to this day. Although indeed shows have started to be rare, they are usually still found in some special occasions, such as weddings.
In addition to not only art, there are also various regional crafts you can find. Cirebon, for example, has filled the usual batik, wrought umbrella, ceramic, bamboo, and much more. Each region has its own signature ship so we can ole h-by it before returning home.
View a special region of sebac origin
Of course, there are different points that make the westernmmest province on java island really worth a special one . Along with the presence of a large obsessor called Bosscha, built since Dutch times . The place is later designated as a cultural heritage and can still be used to conduct observations on celestial bodies today.
Another feature of this area is the presence of Kukang Taneuh, an Indonesian-style Green Creek. The view of the green river there is sure to surprise everyone who comes. Equipped with exotic caves , this increases the peculiarity of the place. Of course, it attracts the attention of tourists, especially foreign tourists.
In addition, according to UNESCO rules, there is a musical instrument in the form of Angklung as a cultural heritage . This musical instrument is really very specific because different sizes produce different tones, so it takes a few angles to produce the name as desired for it. A special place was even built to train this tool and introduce it to tourists.
West Java is really very unique and fun to visit. Not only tourist attractions and culinary, but culture and a wide variety of niche are also preserved. No wonder this also reaches the ears of foreign tourists. So, you also need to try to come to the West Java region to find out with your own eyes the different peculiarities of it.


People are starting to notice that I've lost weight. Judging by their reactions, the first 10 pounds disappeared without much fanfare, but it was the next five that seemed more apparent to everyone, including me. That's pretty much how the process went too: 10 pounds were relatively easy to lose and the last five took much more commitment and focus. And I have five more to go.
One of my friends who hadn't seen me in a while said the other day: "Wow! You look great! Don't lose anymore." Although that's a positive reaction and one that I was initially happy to hear. The "don't lose anymore" bit has been stuck in my craw. I'll tell you why.
I think I am a pretty good judge of my own weight and that my goal of losing 20 pounds is realistic and healthy. When I topped out at 165 pounds, I was clearly overweight. And, when I began this year at 158 pounds, it was evident that I still had quite a bit of weight to lose. Photos confirm this, as did the many tight or impossible-to-wear clothes in my closet.
My whole life, I've heard things like "You have those soccer legs" or "You have a big frame and carry weight well" and the like. Actually, I don't have a big frame. I have a medium to small frame, something I just confirmed by consulting several websites. The first suggested that I take my fingers on my right hand and wrap them around my left wrist. Since I can go all the way around and then some that indicates a small to medium frame. This other website claims that the best way is to actually measure your wrist. My wrist is 6.25 inches around, also indicating that I have a small to medium frame.
I'm talking about my body frame, because that is one of the key inputs that helps to establish "ideal weight." Reflecting back on my weight through the years, I consider 135 pounds to be ideal. And, as you know, my goal this year is to weigh 138. Because of my friend's comment, I took some time to confirm that my goal is reasonable.
After my sophomore year of college, I went on a serious diet for the first time, in order to lose what I had gained resulting from the combination of a serious soccer injury and typical college drinking. Before that diet, I weighed about 160 pounds. I lost the weight and swore I would never weigh over 140 pounds again. I kept that promise until things went a little wacky after being treated for a serious thyroid disease about 12 years ago.
Fast forwarding to today, I now weigh 143. Losing 5 additional pounds would put me at my goal of 138. Even though I know through experience that it is a good weight for me, I did research on "my ideal weight." That's how I found this nifty Ideal Weight Calculator.
At any rate, I'm pleased that this exercise confirmed what I already knew to be true. Not only is my goal of weighing 138 pounds realistic, it is very close to my ideal weight. It may not be easy to lose these last 5 pounds, but at least I'm not crazy or unhealthy for trying.


If you are looking for a Microsoft Access developer in either East Sussex or Kent, then please get in touch with us using the contact us information found in the navigation bar. We are experienced developers and can help you build, troubleshoot or give training to get you where you need to be. We look forward to hearing from you.


How can a brick-and-mortar shop compete with and online retailer like Amazon? It's impossible, unless they offer something Amazon doesn't have. That's the value behind RadioShack Labs. RadioShack is looking to bring you innovative products that can't be found anywhere else.
RadioShack is simplifying the process for start-up companies to get worldwide, in-store exposure. RadioShack Labs offers fledgling start-ups the chance at an unreal amount of instant market penetration. I can see those companies battling for space in RadioShack, all-the-while providing the everyday consumer with unique products that can't be found online or in any other store. And it just takes one smash-hit product exclusively available at RadioShack to bring people pouring through the doors of their nearby, conveniently-located shop (there are over 7,000 locations worldwide, so you're bound to find one without much trouble).
How can RadioShack benefit before that first smash-hit product, though? Through clever marketing and partnerships. Imagine watching an episode of Shark Tank on ABC. The Sharks are deliberating. They can't decide if it's worth investing in a new gadget. A live poll pops-up on the screen asking the viewer if he or she thinks the Sharks should invest in the product. That poll is sponsored by RadioShack Labs. 85% of the people believe the Sharks should invest in the product, but none of the Sharks actually pull the trigger. Immediately after the show airs, RadioShack Labs blogs that the popular gadget will appear in their shops next week, righting the Sharks' wrong. People are now stopping by a RadioShack every week to see if their favorite Shark Tank products are in-store.
Just look around and see how many people have cracked cell phone screens. Enough said.
Joe Magnacca has already proven that he can revive a dwindling brand in Duane Reade. He was recently brought-on as a board member at American Apparel to help revive the struggling clothing company. The man's trusted to find value if any value is actually there.
And Magnacca's list of investor-friends has likely grown quite a bit through his involvement with American Apparel. Big-name investors have been rolling-in to help fund their recovery, and those same investors may find value (both monetary and nostalgic) in RadioShack as well.
The last and most important thesis point. RadioShack's debt-holders refuse to let the company close more than 200 stores per year. If this holds true for much longer, I believe that RadioShack will go bankrupt. The stock market agrees with me and has priced RadioShack stock accordingly. However, the market is treating this wildcard as a fact, giving the company a market capitalization of around $60 million. Any scenario is technically possible, though, and therefore nothing should be set in stone this early. Debt is often renegotiated, and I theorize that some sort of renegotiation will likely occur.
RadioShack has a few hundred million dollars in assets (after taking into account their debt load). If the debt contracts are renegotiated (and RadioShack is allowed to close 1,100 stores), their market capitalization should quickly re-adjust to a more realistic value above $100 million.
This is where I weigh each thesis point against each other. I base each thesis point's value on a combination of three things: it's comparative market impact (in my opinion), it's likelihood of occurring (also, in my opinion), and it's overall importance to my thesis. Like always, nothing is set in stone and I will re-evaluate my thesis every step of the way, as the situation evolves.


text:
DRCNet Library | Schaffer Library | Hemp (Marijuana) | Medical Information
The health and psychological consequences of cannabis use
National Drug Strategy
Monograph Series No. 25
Wayne Hall, Nadia Solowij and Jim Lemon, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre
Prepared for the National Task Force on Cannabis
Acute effects
Chronic effects
High risk groups
The health risks of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use
1. Summary of report
3. Evidential principles
4. Cannabis the drug
5. The acute effects of cannabis intoxication
6. The chronic effects of cannabis use on health
7. The psychological effects of chronic cannabis use
8. The therapeutic effects of cannabinoids
9. An overall appraisal of the health and psychological effects of cannabis
A full copy of the text version of this report can be obtained here.
The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of the following people in the preparation of this manuscript:
Dr Robert Ali, Chairman of the National Task Force on Cannabis, for his encouragement and support at all stages of the project, and the members of the Task Force for their feedback on earlier drafts of the document.
Dr Mario Argandona (WHO Programme on Substance Abuse), Dr Greg Chesher, (National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre), Paul Christie, (Project Officer, National Task Force on Cannabis), Dr Bill Corrigal (Senior Scientist, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto), Emeritus Professor Harold Kalant (Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto), and Dr Jean-Marie Ruel (Bureau of Dangerous Drugs, Health and Welfare Canada) for their useful comments on the whole manuscript.
The following persons are acknowledged for their expert comments on specific sections of the manuscript: Dr Peter Fried (Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario) for his comments on reproductive effects; Dr Richard Mattick (National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre) for his comments on the dependence syndrome; Dr Peter Nelson (Southern Cross University, New South Wales) for his comments on psychological effects); Dr Mehdi Paes (Department of Psychiatry, University of Rabat, Morocco) and Professor S.M. Channabasavanna (Director, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences, Bangalore, India) for their comments on psychiatric disorders; and Professor Donald Tashkin (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Medical School) for his comments on cardiovascular and respiratory effects.
Eva Congreve, the Archivist at the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, performed above and beyond the call of duty in uncomplainingly and efficiently dealing with a plethora of requests for obscure publications in esoteric journals. Without her assistance, this review would not have been half as comprehensive as we hope it has been. Peter Congreve and Keith Warren collected articles and books which made the task of reading and writing easier.
Acknowledgment is given to the Centre's secretaries, Libby Barron, Margaret Eagers and Gail Merlin, who undertook the thankless task of checking the referencing and proof reading the manuscript.
The following is a summary of the major adverse health and psychological effects of acute and chronic cannabis use, grouped according to the degree of confidence in the view that the relationship between cannabis use and the adverse effect is a causal one.
anxiety, dysphoria, panic and paranoia, especially in naive users;
cognitive impairment, especially of attention and memory, for the duration of intoxication;
psychomotor impairment, and probably an increased risk of accident if an intoxicated person attempts to drive a motor vehicle, or operate machinery;
an increased risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms among those who are vulnerable because of personal or family history of psychosis;
an increased risk of low birth weight babies if cannabis is used during pregnancy.
The major health and psychological effects of chronic heavy cannabis use, especially daily use over many years, remain uncertain. On the available evidence, the major probable adverse effects appear to be:
respiratory diseases associated with smoking as the method of administration, such as chronic bronchitis, and the occurrence of histopathological changes that may be precursors to the development of malignancy.
development of a cannabis dependence syndrome, characterised by an inability to abstain from or to control cannabis use;
subtle forms of cognitive impairment, most particularly of attention and memory, which persist while the user remains chronically intoxicated, and may or may not be reversible after prolonged abstinence from cannabis.
The following are the major possible adverse effects of chronic, heavy cannabis use which remain to be confirmed by further research:
an increased risk of developing cancers of the aerodigestive tract, i.e. oral cavity, pharynx, and oesophagus;
an increased risk of leukemia among offspring exposed while in utero;
a decline in occupational performance marked by underachievement in adults in occupations requiring high level cognitive skills, and impaired educational attainment in adolescents;
birth defects occurring among children of women who used cannabis during their pregnancies.
Adolescents with a history of poor school performance may have their educational achievement further limited by the cognitive impairments produced by chronic intoxication with cannabis.
Adolescents who initiate cannabis use in the early teens are at higher risk of progressing to heavy cannabis use and other illicit drug use, and to the development of dependence on cannabis.
Women of childbearing age
Pregnant women who continue to smoke cannabis are probably at increased risk of giving birth to low birth weight babies, and perhaps of shortening their period of gestation.
Women of childbearing age who smoke cannabis at the time of conception or while pregnant possibly increase the risk of their children being born with birth defects.
Persons with pre-existing diseases
Persons with a number of pre-existing diseases who smoke cannabis are probably at an increased risk of precipitating or exacerbating symptoms of their diseases. These include:
individuals with cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and hypertension;
individuals with respiratory diseases, such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema;
individuals with schizophrenia, who are at increased risk of precipitating or of exacerbating schizophrenic symptoms;
individuals who are dependent on alcohol and other drugs, who are probably at an increased risk of developing dependence on cannabis.
Alcohol. The major risks of acute cannabis use are similar to the acute risks of alcohol intoxication in a number of respects. First, both drugs produce psychomotor and cognitive impairment. The impairment produced by alcohol increases risks of various kinds of accident. It remains to be determined whether cannabis intoxication produces similar increases in accidental injury and death, although on balance it probably does. Second, substantial doses of alcohol taken during the first trimester of pregnancy can produce a foetal alcohol syndrome. There is suggestive but far from conclusive evidence that cannabis used during pregnancy may have similar adverse effects. Third, there is a major health risk of acute alcohol use that is not shared with cannabis. In large doses alcohol can cause death by asphyxiation, alcohol poisoning, cardiomyopathy and cardiac infarct whereas there are no recorded cases of fatalities attributable to cannabis.
Tobacco. The major acute health risks that cannabis share with tobacco are the irritant effects of smoke upon the respiratory system, and the stimulating effects of both THC and nicotine on the cardiovascular system, both of which can be detrimental to persons with cardiovascular disease.
Alcohol. Chronic cannabis use may share some of the risks of heavy chronic alcohol use. First, heavy use of either drug increases the risk of developing a dependence syndrome in which users experience difficulty in stopping or controlling their use. There is strong evidence for such a syndrome in the case of alcohol and reasonable evidence in the case of cannabis. Second, there is reasonable clinical evidence that the chronic heavy use of alcohol can produce psychotic symptoms and psychoses in some individuals. There is suggestive evidence that chronic heavy cannabis use may produce a toxic psychosis, precipitate psychotic illnesses in predisposed individuals, and exacerbate psychotic symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia. Third, there is good evidence that chronic heavy alcohol use can indirectly cause brain injury - the Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome - with symptoms of severe memory defect and an impaired ability to plan and organise. Chronic cannabis use does not produce cognitive impairment of comparable severity but there is suggestive evidence that chronic cannabis use may produce subtle defects in cognitive functioning, that may or may not be reversible after abstinence. Fourth, there is reasonable evidence that chronic heavy alcohol use produces impaired occupational performance in adults and lowered educational achievements in adolescents. There is at most suggestive evidence that chronic heavy cannabis use produces similar, albeit more subtle impairments in occupational and educational performance of adults. Fifth, there is good evidence that chronic, heavy alcohol use increases the risk of premature mortality from accidents, suicide and violence. There is no comparable evidence for chronic cannabis use, although it is likely that dependent cannabis users who frequently drive while intoxicated with cannabis increase their risk of accidental injury or death. Sixth, alcohol use has been accepted as a contributory cause of cancer of the oropharangeal organs in men and women. There is suggestive evidence that chronic cannabis smoking may also be a contributory cause of cancers of the aerodigestive tract (i.e. the mouth, tongue, throat, oesophagus, lungs).
Tobacco. The major adverse health effects shared by chronic cannabis and tobacco smokers are chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, and probably, cancers of the aerodigestive tract. The increased risk of cancer in the respiratory tract is a consequence of the shared route of administration by smoking. It is possible that chronic cannabis smoking also shares the cardiotoxic properties of tobacco smoking, although this possibility remains to be investigated.


Your new functional outdoors is only a call away with Greenslades Landscaping, the builder's landscaper. Greenslades is a trusted local business that has been creating wonderful commercial and outdoor family spaces for over 40 years.
Designed for low maintenance and years of enjoyment. Every aspect is considered from a well drained site, paving and retaining walls through to plant selection and building features to create your perfect vision.
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What ever your taste in landscaping, we can design an environment to suit your life style.
With over 30 years of experience in the industry, we design and plan projects that go beyond the surface. Designs that take into account drainage, serviceability and lifestyle needs.
Greenslades Landscaping prides itself in providing cost effective solutions that require little upkeep.
Rest assured that your home will be the place your family and friends will enjoy for many years to come.
Making display homes welcoming, inspiring and ready to use.
Greenslades work with a number of builders in South Australia to provide a complete walkin ready experience for new home owners.
You can either supply us with your plans and specifications or leave it to us from design to completion.


text:
Class Action Reports
Levi & Korsinsky Announces HEXO Class Action Investigation; HEXO Lawsuit
Levi & Korsinsky, LLP announces that a HEXO class action lawsuit has been commenced on behalf of investors who purchased HEXO Corp. (HEXO) securities between January 25, 2019 and November 15, 2019. For more on the HEXO Class Action please contact us today.
According to the HEXO lawsuit, throughout the Class Period defendants made false and/or misleading statements and/or failed to disclose that: (1) HEXO's reported inventory was misstated as the Company was failing to write down or write off obsolete product that no longer had value; (2) HEXO was engaging in channel-stuffing in order to inflate its revenue figures and meet or exceed revenue guidance provided to investors; (3) HEXO was cultivating cannabis at its facility in Niagara, Ontario that was not appropriately licensed by Health Canada; and (4) as a result of the foregoing, Defendants' positive statements about the Company's business, operations, and prospects, were materially misleading and/or lacked a reasonable basis.
TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE HEXO CLASS ACTION, VISIT: https://www.zlk.com/pslra-1/hexo-corp-loss-form?wire=9&prid=4629
If you suffered a loss in HEXO you have until January 27, 2020 to request that the Court appoint you as lead plaintiff. Your ability to share in any recovery doesn't require that you serve as a lead plaintiff.
Levi & Korsinsky is a national firm with offices in New York, California, Connecticut, and Washington D.C. The firm's attorneys have extensive expertise and experience representing investors in securities litigation and have recovered hundreds of millions of dollars for aggrieved shareholders. Attorney advertising. Prior results do not guarantee similar outcomes.
Joseph E. Levi, Esq.
jlevi@levikorsinsky.com
www.zlk.com
Splunk Inc. Class Action Lawsuit
Levi & Korsinsky, LLP announces that a SPLK class action lawsuit has been commenced on behalf of investors who purchased Splunk Inc. (SPLK) securi... Detail
K12Inc. Class Action Lawsuit
Levi & Korsinsky, LLP reminds shareholders that an LRN class action lawsuit has been commenced on behalf of investors who purchased K12 Inc. (LR... Detail
Qiwi plc Class Action Lawsuit
Levi & Korsinsky, LLP reminds shareholders that a QIWI class action lawsuit has been commenced on behalf of investors who purchased Qiwi plc (QI... Detail
Minerva Neurosciences, Inc. Class Action Lawsuit
Levi & Korsinsky, LLP announces that a NERV class action lawsuit has been commenced on behalf of investors who purchased Minerva Neurosciences, In... Detail
Triterras, Inc., f/k/a Netfin Acquisition Corp. Class Action Lawsuit
Levi & Korsinsky, LLP announces that a TRIT class action lawsuit has been commenced on behalf of investors who purchased Triterras, Inc., f/k/a Ne... Detail
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We just can't underestimate the influence that friends at schools have on kids once they attend school.
Though my boys don't watch Ben 10 and Transformers or any of the other cartoons/programmes with fighting themes, they will still meet kids in school who do.
A few months ago, my 5 y.o. started getting fascinated with the idea of pretend play with guns and shooting. Since there is no toy gun at home, he makes his own with tiny Lego pieces.
So now, even little Chipsy will create his own Lego 'rifle' and run around the house playing fighting games with his bro'. They pretend to 'shoot' every moving thing and each other with a loud 'geng-geng-geng', which is frankly very noisy, but yet funny to watch.
As much as it annoys me, I *try* not to interfere, though I made it clear that mummy doesn't like it when they play like this. 'But we are only pretending, no one gets hurt here!' is the reply I always get.
Fingers crossed that it is a phase and they will soon grow out of it.
Given the choice of a pretty good local education system and options for international schools here, we will not homeschool unless there are compelling reasons. Though I do not rule out the possibility, especially at preschool levels if we feel it is better for our kids.
Sounds like mine. Haha! I do the same.
I think it is healthier to let them express their thoughts and fantasies through play than to forbid them, as kids this age are so curious.
I think it is important to encourage a certain balance between rough and quiet play. So I make sure they also spend as much time with Lego, books, crafts and other outdoor activities.


For best results when making homemade pizza a baking stone is a good idea. If you can't find one (they are not expensive) a perforated pizza pan works well too.
Pour warm water into a small bowl. Add honey and yeast, stir to dissolve, and let stand until foamy, about 10 minutes.
In a large bowl, combine the flours, salt, pepper, oregano, basil and rosemary. Add the yeast mixture, passato and olive oil, stirring well to combine.
When the dough has pulled together, turn it out on to a lightly floured surface and knead until smooth and elastic, about 8 minutes. Lightly oil a large bowl, place the dough in the bowl and turn to coat with oil. Cover with a damp cloth and let rise in a warm place until doubled in volume, about 1 hour. Meanwhile, preheat oven to 230 degrees C and place pizza stone in oven, if you're using one.
Deflate the dough and turn it out on to a lightly floured surface. Divide the dough into 2 equal pieces and form into rounds; cover and let rest for 10 minutes.
Roll the rounds out to desired size. Spread bases with pizza sauce from the centre outwards and add grated cheese and desired toppings. Bake on preheated pizza stone or on lightly oiled pizza trays until cheese is bubbly and golden, about 12 minutes.


text:
Q: What to gitignore with shards packages and crystal What do I ignore inside of a .gitignore file with Crystal shards? I'm coming from a Node.js background where I would ignore the infamous node_modules. I recently ran shards install and got a few new files and directories. For now, I'm ignoring lib/ and .shards/ and saving shard.lock to VCS.
Are there any conventions around this I should know?

A: You can have a first clue with www.gitignore.io/api/crystal
# Created by https://www.gitignore.io/api/crystal

### Crystal ###
/docs/
/lib/
/bin/
/.shards/

# Libraries don't need dependency lock
# Dependencies will be locked in application that uses them
#/shard.lock

# End of https://www.gitignore.io/api/crystal

Johannes Müller adds in the comments:

Tip: crystal init sets up a project structure for you, including a .gitignore file and other useful defaults.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Nita Gini Collection is an assembly of unorthodox objects, the unlikely heirs to a legacy of New Zealand's Crown Lynn tradition. Lauren Lysaght has painstakingly constructed each of these items by hand, using cardboard, plaster of Paris, wood veneer, and other found materials, and drawing on the memory of her grandmother Nita Gini's collection of ceramics. Veering dramatically from the formality with which collections are often presented, the exhibition adopts a brassy, roguish and indomitably homemade aesthetic to consider objects we often call 'precious', in a pleasingly irreverent light. Larger-than-life, this work continues a story where the objects have almost become characters in their own right. The Crown Lynn narrative is far from complete; in The Nita Gini Collection it carries on, lively and exultant.
Image: Lauren Lysaght, Swan Lineage, work in progress, 2009-10. Courtesy of the artist.
Opening event: Saturday 5 November 2011, 12-4pm. Light refreshments served.
1pm Sydney-based enthusiast Tony Carr talks about his close friend, researcher Richard Quinn, whose efforts to preserve an important part of West Auckland's ceramic history have resulted in a unique collection now administered by the Portage Ceramics Trust.
2pm Trish Clark, daughter of Crown Lynn founder Tom Clark, discusses the family's own collection of Crown Lynn and provides personal insights and recollections into the company's development.
Artist Lauren Lysaght talks about her exhibition, The Nita Gini Project.
Artist Lisa Reihana and curator Andrew Clifford discuss the cultural implications of Crown Lynn's use of Māori motifs for their highly collectable Wharetana ware.
Ceramic artist and Arts Laureate John Parker talks about his work and the inspiration he has taken from Crown Lynn designer Ernie Shufflebotham and Wedgwood's Keith Murray.
Collectors Alison Reid and Brian Ronson discuss the fine art of collecting ceramics and their mutual obsession with Crown Lynn.
Potter Peter Lange talks about the importance of bricks, which have become a key ingredient in his recent work, including new public installations in New Lynn where Crown Lynn and Amalgamated Brick and Pipe Company Ltd were once based. The bricks that make up the distinctive exterior of the Gus Fisher Gallery, were manufactured by Amalgamated Brick and Pipe Company.
Mary Morrison and Billy Apple discuss their collections of Fiesta ware and Dorothy Thorpe tableware.
Join us for a free walking tour of Crown Lynn sites in New Lynn, including the Ambrico Place kiln, new public art works, and the future site of the Portage Ceramics Trust centre. Meet at 1pm on the New Lynn Public Library forecourt, not far from the New Lynn train station.
Staff of the Portage Ceramics Trust talk about the Richard Quinn Collection and the Trust's plans to establish a museum for the collection close to the site of the of the Crown Lynn works.
All exhibitions and events are free and take place at the Gus Fisher Gallery unless otherwise noted.


text:
This list is of the Places of Scenic Beauty of Japan located within the Metropolis of Tōkyō.

National Places of Scenic Beauty
As of 1 January 2021, fourteen Places have been designated at a national level (including three *Special Places of Scenic Beauty).

Prefectural Places of Scenic Beauty
As of 1 May 2020, twelve Places have been designated at a prefectural level.

Municipal Places of Scenic Beauty
As of 1 May 2020, three Places have been designated at a municipal level.

Registered Historic Sites
As of 1 January 2021, three Monuments have been registered (as opposed to designated) as Places of Scenic Beauty at the national level.

See also
 Cultural Property (Japan)
 List of parks and gardens of Tokyo
 List of Historic Sites of Japan (Tokyo)
 Ueno Park

References

External links
  Cultural Properties of Tokyo

Tourist attractions in Tokyo
Tokyo
Lists of tourist attractions in Japan
Tokyo-related lists

ja:Category:東京都にある国指定の名勝