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CBEA
CBEA Home
Wyoming's Economy
Email: ckhalaf@uwyo.edu
David Aadland
College of Business Bldg 261
(307) 766-4931 | aadland@uwyo.edu
Dr. David Aadland is the Director of the Center for Business and Economic Analysis (CBEA). He is an associate professor and the chair of the Department of Economics. He teaches Macroeconomics and Econometrics. His research interests have been wide and varied over the years. He has written papers in the areas of macroeconomics, non-market valuation, applied econometrics, behavioral economics, agricultural economics, and statistics. His recent research has focused on interdisciplinary natural resource questions and the intersection of ecology, epidemiology, entomology, and economics. In particular, he has been working on projects related to pine beetle epidemics, ecological impacts of energy development, and the economics of chronic wasting disease. He holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Oregon.
Christelle Khalaf
(307) 766-2175 | ckhalaf@uwyo.edu
Dr. Christelle Khalaf is the Associate Director for CBEA. In this role, she conducts research on business and economic conditions across the state for government, industry, and other stakeholder groups. Previously, she worked as an Economist at the Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs at Ohio University. She has also served as a member of the Ohio Economic Roundtable convened by Governor DeWine to discuss the state's economic outlook given the COVID-19 health pandemic. Dr. Khalaf has published peer-reviewed papers in journals such as Economic Inquiry, Journal of Labor Research, and Regional Science Policy & Practice, among other academic publications. She holds a Ph.D. in Economics from North Carolina State University (NCSU), where she received the Jenkins Dissertation Fellowship in recognition of the quality of her research.
Brad Boyles
Research Economist
(307) 766-4190 | bboyles1@uwyo.edu
Brad is responsible for gathering and analyzing data, as well as report composition. His professional interests include utility economics, oil and gas economics, industrial organization, and macroeconomic policy. Before joining the CBEA, Brad gained professional experience in various roles related to financial and economic analysis, including financial planning and analysis in the mining industry and commercial credit analysis within the banking industry, as well as having completed an internship in utility regulation. Brad grew up in Sheridan, Wyoming, and joined the United States Army after high school. He attended the University of Wyoming where he earned a B.A. in Philosophy and Russian Language, a B.S. in Economics, and an M.S. in Finance. In his free time, he enjoys fly fishing and reading.
Anne Alexander
Vice Provost, Strategic Planning and Initiatives
aalex@uwyo.edu
Anne Alexander is Interim Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs at the University of Wyoming. She earned her Ph.D. in Economics at UW, and her Master's and BBA in Economics from New Mexico State University. Dr. Alexander's research and teaching focuses on the history of American capitalism, international economics, and health economics. She regularly speaks to statewide audiences and state and national media about the status of the Wyoming, US, and global economies. She produces an annual economic and statewide engagement report on the impacts of the University on the state, and she has authored several publications on the political and economic impacts of transboundary pandemics and the productivity effects of various diseases. Prior to her position in Academic Affairs, she was the Director of International Programs and Associate Dean of Outreach at UW. She has also served as a Resources Economist in the U.S. Department of State, Assistant Dean of the UW College of Business, and Director of the interdisciplinary Health Economics Policy Center at UW. She is an alumni of Leadership Wyoming, Class of 2013.
Ben Cook
Interim Vice Provost; Digital, Distance, and Online Education
College of Business Bldg 268W
(307) 766-2858 | bencook@uwyo.edu
Dr. Benjamin Cook serves as the Interim Associate Vice Provost for Online, Distance and Digital Education as well as the Director of MBA and Online Graduate Programs in the College of Business. Dr. Cook received his PhD and Bachelor's in Economics from the University of Wyoming and spent eight years as the Sr. Energy Economist for the Enhanced Oil Recovery Institute (EORI) prior to his administrative roles at UW. Dr. Cook specializes in applied energy economics and finance with subject matter work in oil & gas operations, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), CO2 capture, storage, and utilization (CCUS) and techno-economic project feasibility assessments. As a faculty member in the Department of Economics, and Faculty Fellow for the Center for Business & Economic Analysis (CBEA), Dr. Cook's project work is in partnerships with various public and private entities to derive actionable insights for policymakers and business decision-makers.
Roger Coupal
Professor, Agriculture & Applied Economics
Agriculture Bldg 2316C
(307) 766-5539 | coupal@uwyo.edu
Dr. Roger Coupal is the Department Head and Professor in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at the University of Wyoming. His areas of expertise and teaching interests include natural resource policy, community development, economic impact analysis, and public lands policy. Coupal's objective is to provide educational opportunities and information for community groups and public officials engaged in policy issues that reside in the nexus of community development and natural resource policy. He holds a PhD from Washington State University.
Robert Godby
Interim Dean, College of Business; Associate Professor, Economics
(307) 766-3843 | rgodby@uwyo.edu
Dr. Rob Godby is an associate professor in the Economics Department at UW, and Acting Associate Dean of the Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources. He also serves as the Deputy Director of the University of Wyoming's Center for Energy Regulation and Policy (CERP). Additionally, he serves as a Daniel's Fund Ethics Initiative Faculty Fellow and is an adjunct faculty member with the MBA program at Pforzheim University in Germany. Outside his academic duties, Rob was appointed to serve on the State of Wyoming's Consensus Revenue Estimating Group in 2019. His research areas include natural resource, energy and environmental economics, industrial organization, and macroeconomic policy. He is often interviewed by national and international news media on energy and macroeconomic issues. Outside of work, Rob enjoys spending time being walked by his dogs. His other passions include sports-car and bicycle racing, both of which he has participated in rather unsuccessfully.
Assistant Professor of Educational Research
307-766-3187 | mperki17@uwyo.edu
Dr. Mark Perkins is an associate professor of Educational Research Methods in the College of Education. He was formally the director of institutional research at Laramie County Community College. He currently serves on the Wyoming State Longitudinal Educational Data System. His research interests include the connection between local and state economies and educational systems. Methodologically, he has interests in R programming, psychometrics, structural equation modeling, machine learning, but also conducts qualitative research studies with particular interests in Grounded Theory and Phenomenology. His Ph.D. is from Colorado State University.
Anders Van Sandt
Assistant Professor, Agriculture & Applied Economics
Agriculture Bldg
(307) 766-2386 | avansand@uwyo.edu
Anders Van Sandt is an Assistant Professor of Regional Economics and a Community Development Extension Specialist in the department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at the University of Wyoming. Dr. Van Sandt also serves as a Faculty Fellow with the Center for Business and Economic Analysis and is an active member of multiple applied economics and Extension associations. He received his Ph.D. in Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics from Colorado State University and his BA in Economics from Linfield University. His extension and research efforts revolve around promoting economic development by exploring rural-urban linkages, diversification of local industries, entrepreneurship, and community and industry interdependencies. Dr. Van Sandt's current projects include increasing rural healthcare access through community engagement, leveraging community strengths for greater economic and environmental resilience, and working with restricted-access microdata through Federal Statistical Research Data Centers to model industry location decisions.
Eli Bryant
ebryant4@uwyo.edu
Eli Bryant is a first-year M.S. student in the Department of Economics. He is interested in environmental economics, natural resource economics, and statistics. Born in Laramie, he has had the pleasure of enjoying many outdoor activities including fly fishing, rock climbing, and hiking. He hopes his time working on a variety of projects as a research assistant in the CBEA will prepare him for a long and successful career.
Kiptia Lima
klima@uwyo.edu
Kiptia Lima is a first-year master's student in the Department of Economics at UW and will be working as a graduate assistant this summer. She did her bachelor's from the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Her areas of interest are public goods provision, environmental economics, and behavioral economics. She will be working on the Pilot Hill project for CBEA. Kiptia loves to read books and watch movies in her spare time.
Irene Zapata Morán
izapatam@uwyo.edu
Irene Zapata Morán is a second-year Ph.D. student at UW in the Economics Department. Irene received her BS in Biology from UNAM (México) in 2015, and her MSc in Environmental Economics from CIDE (México) in 2018. Her interests are the use and conservation of Biodiversity. Irene enjoys Laramie's landscapes hiking with her dogs and taking care of her yard.
Rachel Pompa
rpompa@uwyo.edu
Rachel Pompa is a third-year Ph.D. student in the Department of Economics at UW and will be earning a MS in Economics in 2021. She completed a BS in mathematics and a BA in economics at the University of Minnesota – Duluth. Some of her current research uses behavioral and experimental economics to examine the effects of nudges in nonprofit organizational settings. Other research she has worked on has been in the areas of COVID-19, species migration, and climate change relating to agricultural policies and practices.
Bethany King
Previous Research Assistant
Originally from California, Bethany King came to the University of Wyoming in 2016 to pursue her BS in Economics and Environmental Systems Science. She continued her education at UW earning a MS in Economics in 2021. Bethany worked as a research assistant at the CBEA for both years of her master's degree. This experience has been invaluable at her new position as a Research Economist at Western Washington University's Center for Economic and Business Research.
Dylan Bainer
Born in Laramie, Wyoming, Dylan Bainer is now a Principal Economist for the state of Wyoming's Economic Analysis Division. In the spring of 2020, he graduated from the University of Wyoming with a Master's in Economics and a Bachelor's in Mathematics. In his free time, Dylan likes to play tennis and spend time with family and friends.


Please see swim lesson fees for party pricing and duration. Price includes up to 24 children. One party coordinator and two certified lifeguards will be provided to help with your party. Extra lifeguards will be required for parties over 24 children.
A non-refundable deposit is required for all parties.


These Nylon Filter Media Bags are mesh bags with a drawstring, perfect for holding all types of media granules. Helps prevent fine granules from damaging moving filter parts by keeping them secure, while allowing optimal flow and contact time with your aquarium water.
Pefect for holding our bulk carbon and zeolite granules.
Does what it should without being expensive. I would buy this again.
They stopped carrying these at my local pet stores. I'm glad to see someone is still carrying them because of their ease of use and versatility.


← Crowd funding has gone live!
LAFI Burkina launched a crowd-funding campaign to raise awareness and vital funds to kick start our work with Tigoung Nonma and Handicap Solidaire in Burkina Faso. Running for 30 days during March, thanks to the generosity of our brilliant supporters we smashed our target and raised an incredible £2672. We are so grateful to all our donors, and so excited to share the news with our partners in Burkina Faso. We are in discussion with TN and HSB about where this money can be best spent to further our shared mission to strengthen their capacities and to promote and protect the rights of people with disabilities. Our aim is that these will be sustainable initiatives to secure a dependent future for TN and HSB.
We look forward to sharing more news on the impact of these gifts. We can now accept payments online through our website so if you missed the crowd-funding campaign please do consider making a gift to LAFI Burkina. 100% goes directly to our work in Burkina Faso. Thank you!


The big news on the net this week that has got everyone talking is Instagram's acquisition by Facebook for the absurd amount of $1 billion. Why absurd? Because Instagram has zero revenue, so how can anyone say that the company is worth $1 billion? It's as if Mark Zuckerberg suddenly felt like buying something. Other people buy a puppy or a sports car. Zuckerberg drops a billion on a company with no revenue, and in the process makes everyone at Instagram millionaires, including one employee who joined the company only 3 weeks ago.
I have recently started using Instagram myself, when I bought an iPhone last month, so I sincerely hope that Facebook doesn't ruin my new favourite site with ads, games and other crap that normally clogs up Facebook. But you have to wonder how Instagram managed such a stunning success in such a short space of time (17 months). Has any other website managed to pull off a one billion dollar coup in a shorter space of time? I'm pretty sure the answer is no.
Our infographic today shows Instagram's beginnings back in March 2010 and its astonishing rise to where it is today. It just goes to show that indeed anything is possible on the Internet.
What do you think? Is the one billion dollar valuation justifiable? Or is it just silly numbers plucked out of the sky simply to close a deal and wow everyone? Are you excited or afraid that Instagram may changed by Facebook?
Explore more about: Infographic, Instagram.
For a moment, I thought "I'm not rich! Or a jerk!" LOL!
If you want to translate the MakeUseOf post, then it's OK as long as you credit MakeUseOf with a linkback to this page, as well as credit visual.ly for the infographic.
If you want to translate only the infographic, then you will need to contact visual.ly for permission, as they own it, not us.
i translated the basics (the main idea) and the rest was from me, no infography was translated either, and of course a make use of-credit link was posted at the end of the article .
It's inevitable Facebook will change Instagram over time. But I don't think $1 billion was that over the top. Facebook now owns a growing competitor it could make money from in the future, has opened a backdoor into Twitter, and has added some obviously talented engineers to its workforce. Bargain.
But there was no need to buy them. Facebook is THE dominant force on the Internet. Everyone leaves their status messages there, so why worry about Twitter? Everyone puts their photos on Facebook so why bother with Instagram? Facebook has the money and the clout to flip the finger at everyone and not worry about a thing.
I think it was basically a case of "we'll buy them so no-one else can" - consolidating their position of power. That and Zuckerberg already had enough puppies and sports cars.
It is the dominant force right now but things can change very quickly on the Web. Just look at MySpace, that was once the dominant force that everyone was signed up for.
I read tweets from youngsters bemoaning the buyout as Facebook is for old people. That says a lot.
It's definitely consolidation though, just before the IPO too. They've just acquired another mobile startup as well. Zueckerberg will never have enough puppies or sports cars. Or indeed startups.
Agreed they are dominant but in this game things move very quickly. Take a look at how Pinterest are speeding along now.


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The Keenest Critic
M.H. Abrams
Hazlitt: The Mind of a Critic
by David Bromwich
Oxford University Press, 450 pp., $35.00
William Hazlitt; drawing by David Levine
William Hazlitt at first planned to follow his father into the Unitarian ministry, became instead a painter of portraits, then turned to writing on philosophy, economics, and politics. Not until his mid-thirties did he discover his vocation as a public lecturer and prolific contributor to periodicals. In the twenty years before his death in 1830, he produced enough to fill almost twenty volumes of his collected Works, including superb criticism of English dramatists, poets, and novelists, the best commentaries on painting in the England of his day, remarkable analyses of the English theater and its actors, comments on the contemporary political scene that are of permanent interest, and more than a hundred informal essays which, as David Bromwich says, are "more observing, original, and keen-witted than any others in the language."
In his best-known essay, "My First Acquaintance with Poets," Hazlitt nostalgically recalls the turning point of his life, which was Coleridge's short stay near Hazlitt's village in Shropshire as a visiting preacher to a Unitarian congregation. "I was at that time," Hazlitt says, "dumb, inarticulate, helpless." It was to the example of Coleridge's ceaseless eloquence, in conversation and from the pulpit, that Hazlitt attributes the fact that "my understanding did not remain dumb and brutish," but "at last found a language to express itself." The shy and tongue-tied youth accepted Coleridge's invitation for a three weeks' visit to his home at Nether Stowey in the Lake Country, where he met Wordsworth and heard some of the recently written Lyrical Ballads read aloud, at which time, he says, "the sense of a new style and a new spirit in poetry came over me."
But as often occurred in Hazlitt's stormy life, this idyll had a sequel in the form of farce. When five years later he revisited Coleridge and Wordsworth to paint their portraits, his stay created increasing friction and ended abruptly in a scandal. Hazlitt, it seems, was aggressively but awkwardly amatory toward the country girls. As Wordsworth "with great horror" told the story to the painter Benjamin Haydon twenty-one years after the event, when one young woman rebuffed his advances Hazlitt "enraged pushed her down, and because, Sir, she refused to gratify his abominable and devilish propensities, he lifted up her petticoats and smoteer on the bottom." To escape a ducking by the enraged populace, Hazlitt ignominiously fled, assisted by gifts of money and clothes from Wordsworth.
This episode caused an estrangement of both Wordsworth and Coleridge from Hazlitt, which was exacerbated by their increasing political differences and by Hazlitt's outspoken reviews of their opinions and writings. Bromwich treats harshly their rejection of Hazlitt. Undoubtedly, both Wordsworth and Coleridge were intolerant and behaved sanctimoniously toward the younger writer. But in extenuation one should point out that Hazlitt never managed to stay on good terms with anyone for very long. In demeanor he was often gauche, graceless, suspicious—in Coleridge's memorable sketch, he was "brow-hanging, shoe-contemplative, strange." He also exhibited what Leigh Hunt called "great impartiality of assault," in that he expressed his mind and variable moods fully, not only about his foes but his friends, and not only in conversation but in print. In the course of his combative life Hazlitt alienated everyone who was most intimate with him, including Leigh Hunt and the tolerant Charles Lamb, who nonetheless continued to praise Hazlitt's qualities when he was at his genial best: "I think W.H. to be, in his natural and healthy state, one of the wisest and finest spirits breathing…. I think I shall go to my grave without finding, or expecting to find, such another companion."
In a cogent opening chapter, David Bromwich tells us that his book is about another Hazlitt than the one we commonly admire as a zestful, hearty, worldly essayist; he will reveal a Hazlitt who is "fiercer and less reconciled," the "most restless of the English romantics…and in one sense the most shocking." In this undertaking Bromwich succeeds, though at greater length than seems strictly necessary. (The penultimate chapter of this long book, for example, is about Keats rather than Hazlitt; it explicates Keats's odes "To a Nightingale" and "On a Grecian Urn" as incorporating critical concepts that Keats had learned from Hazlitt, and adds two more close readings to the many others that have already accumulated around those great poems.)
Bromwich claims that as a literary critic Hazlitt is grossly undervalued in our time because of the vogue for theoretical criticism; this, he writes, shows a "love of method and yearning for system" of which "the true father is Coleridge." His complaint is a valid one. To oppose the current academic neglect of Hazlitt as a critic, however, Bromwich takes an unfortunate tack. In his account of Hazlitt's criticism, as he puts it, his own "argument with Coleridge is audible as a persistent undertone." In this argument Bromwich himself succumbs to the modern preference for theory over practice by claiming that, even as a theorist of poetry, Hazlitt is more rewarding than Coleridge; and he employs a seesaw method of evaluation, whereby in elevating Hazlitt he depresses Coleridge and at times comes close to caricaturing his views about poetry.
Both Coleridge and Hazlitt are great critics, but their excellence is different in kind. Coleridge is a systematic critic for whom theory precedes application, and whose theory of poetry is a part of a general philosophy of man and nature. He persistently views the works he criticizes through the perspective provided by his theory, though mediated by his sensibility and subtle awareness of his own procedures as a practicing poet. Historically, Coleridge has proved to be the most seminal and influential writer in our language, both on criticism and on poetry. Hazlitt's special virtues, on the other hand, depend not on a systematic prior theory, but on his immediacy of response to a specific literary work or passage. If I had to make a choice between them as practical critics, I would like Bromwich, take Hazlitt's literary commentary over Coleridge's; it is wider ranging, less moralistic, often more interesting, even startling, in its insights, and more open to the special excellences of such unfashionable poets as Alexander Pope. Fortunately we do not have to make a choice. We can apply to criticism the pluralism that Hazlitt finely asserts for literature: "To know the best in each class infers a higher degree of taste; to reject the class is only a negation of taste; for different classes do not interfere with one another."
Hazlitt decries what he calls the "modern or metaphysical school of criticism," and to identify his own distinctive procedure, introduces the term "impression": "I cannot help receiving certain impressions from things; and I have sufficient courage to declare (somewhat abruptly) what they are." It is difficult to call Hazlitt a critical impressionist without seeming to derogate his achievement, because we tend to apply the term to critics who substitute their own reveries for qualities of the work they ostensibly discuss. Hazlitt means by "impression," however, his direct response to a work's particularities, as adapted, he says, to "the effect which the author has aimed at producing." He praised Burke in a way that defines his own aim and achievement as a critic. "He loses no particle of the exact, characteristic, extreme impression of the thing he writes about…and communicates this to the reader." Hazlitt's firsthand responses to his subjects are of enduring value because they are directed and informed throughout by the play of a well-read, acute, honest, opinionated, and unsystematic but remarkably interesting intelligence and temperament.
The qualities of mind and temperament that distinguish Hazlitt's criticism are revealed in the terms he repeatedly uses to define the highest literary or artistic values: especially "imagination," "genius," "expression," "passion," "character," "gusto," "energy," and above all "power." Hazlitt nowhere pins down the meaning of these words, and all attempts by his commentators to define them are baffled by the variability of Hazlitt's own texts. As Hazlitt used them, they are interrelated and often interchangeable; they refer to qualities of the author's mind, to the work itself, to the objects represented by the work, or to the response to the work by a reader. Sometimes Hazlitt uses them to refer to all these at once. This elusiveness and variability are not defects, but are requisite to the kind of criticism that Hazlitt inaugurated. Because these terms do not designate fixed categories, but are flexible and fluid, they are adaptable to the particular quality of whatever Hazlitt is talking about. "A thing," Hazlitt wrote, "is not more perfect by becoming something else, but by being more itself." The meanings of his words of praise are realized only in the reader's own experience of those features of a work to which Hazlitt has directed his attention.
Hazlitt's most systematic enterprise was his first published work, On the Principles of Human Action (1805). A late example of the many replies to Hobbes's view that the sole human motive is egoistic self-interest, Hazlitt's closely reasoned argument, as his subtitle puts it, aims to prove "the Natural Disinterestedness of the Human Mind." Bromwich and other commentators are doubtless right in asserting that Hazlitt later applied the moral concept of disinterestedness to art: it underlies his claim that Shakespeare, "the least of an egotist that it was possible to be," identified himself in imagination with each of his characters. It also underlies his distinction between the outward-looking older poets, from Homer on, and the "modern school of poetry" (by which he meant the contemporary Romantics, especially Wordsworth), who "reduce poetry to a mere effusion of natural sensibility." These claims were widely influential and shaped the opinions of the young Keats. But here Hazlitt was largely refining views current in Germany and England, particularly after Schiller's Naive and Sentimental Poetry, that Shakespeare was both an objective and an imaginatively self-projective poet, and that, like the ancient poets, he was naive, impersonal, and objective, while the modern poets were predominantly sentimental, self-interested, and subjective.
Much more original in Hazlitt's essays is his emphasis on what he calls "the mixed motives" that compel all human action, including the composition of poetry, and the way that these motives involve "all the intricate folds and delicate involutions of our self-love." The most startling aspect of Hazlitt's criticism is his demolition of the romantic idealism of his contemporaries about the motives for writing poetry, epitomized in Shelley's assertion that "poetry is the record of the best and happiest moments of the happiest and best minds." In "On Poetry in General," Hazlitt asserted that fear, hatred, contempt, no less than hope, love, and wonder "are all poetry."
It is as natural to hate as to love, to despise as to admire, to express our hatred or contempt, as our love and admiration…. The imagination, by…embodying them and turning them to shape, gives an obvious relief to the indistinct and importunate cravings of the will. We do not wish the thing to be so, but we wish it to appear such as it is. For knowledge is conscious power; and the mind is no longer, in this case, the dupe, though it may be the victim of vice or folly.
As Bromwich says, Hazlitt's criticism is especially interesting for its awareness that "literature and politics belong to one world." He cites Hazlitt's statement "that poetry is an interesting study, for this reason, that it relates to whatever is most interesting in human life," and the most enlightening chapters in his book are those on Hazlitt's political thought and writings, which as he shows belong in the same intellectual and emotional world as his critical thought and his writings on literature.
"I started in life," Hazlitt said, "with the French Revolution, and I have lived, alas! to see the end of it…. Since then, I confess, I have no longer felt myself young, for with that my hopes fell." The thinking and imagination of his major literary contemporaries, including Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey, were also shaped by the inordinate hopes they had invested in the Revolution and by their despair at its failure; but what for them was a preoccupation was for Hazlitt an obsession.
I will never cease, nor be prevented from returning on the wings of imagination to that bright dream of our youth…. To those hopes eternal regrets are due; to those who maliciously blasted them, in the fear that they might be accomplished, we feel no less what we owe—hatred and scorn as lasting.
Within this proscenium Hazlitt viewed his own experience, as well as the political events and personages, and the writers and works of literature, of his era.
The persistent term in Hazlitt's writings, which connects, and greatly complicates, his treatment of these matters, is "power." There is in his works, Bromwich rightly notes, "a moral ambiguity implicit in every exertion of power to which the imagination moves us," and the same word links "the power of poetry which Hazlitt loved, and the power of tyranny which he hated." It should also be remarked that the moral ambiguity of power, and Hazlitt's ambivalence toward its manifestation and effects, are evident within, as well as in the interplay between, the realms of poetry, life, and politics. Perhaps the closest we can come to establishing the range of applications in Hazlitt's use of this term is by a negative definition: "power" encompasses essential aspects of human motivation and responsiveness that are left out of account in the moral philosophy of English empiricism, and especially of Benthamite Utilitarianism and its calculus of pleasure.
In the main line of empiricism, which largely governed Hazlitt's early philosophical writings, elementary sense-perceptions are accompanied by, or become associated with, pleasures and pains, which give rise, respectively, to desire and aversion, and so to our judgments of good and bad. To this pleasure principle as determining our judgments and actions Hazlitt, in a way that looks forward to Nietzsche and Freud, adds a contrary compulsion, the power principle:
We are as prone to make a torment of our fears, as to luxuriate in our hopes of good. If it be asked, Why we do so? the best answer will be, Because we cannot help it. The sense of power is as strong a principle in the mind as the love of pleasure.
Hazlitt is writing here about "Poetry in General," but the complex and equivocal role of the sense of power as motivating his own and others' actions and achievements, as well as responses to the actions and achievements of others, is a dominant theme in his writings about morality and politics as well. He tells us in an essay, "On Depth and Superficiality," that he once startled Coleridge—who as a Christian philosopher affirmed original sin, but interpreted the dogma in a liberal way—by asserting, in answer to Coleridge's challenge whether he "had ever known a child of a naturally wicked disposition," that
Yes, there was one in the house with me that cried from morning to night, for spite…. It had a positive pleasure in pain from the sense of power accompanying it…. I have no other idea of what is commonly understood by wickedness than that perversion of the will or love of mischief for its own sake…. It cried only to vent its passion and alarm the house, and I saw in its frantic screams and gestures that great baby, the world, tumbling about in its swaddling-clothes, and tormenting itself and others for the last six thousand years!
Hazlitt attributed the persistence and success of political oppression not only to the innate delight men feel in wielding power over others, but also to their propensity to identify with the power employed to oppress them. "The love of power in ourselves and the admiration of it in others are both natural to man: the one makes him a tyrant, the other a slave." He rejected the hope that amelioration and reform would someday "complete the triumph of humanity and liberty," because such a Utopian faith requires "several things necessary which are impossible," including the condition that "the love of power and of change shall no longer goad man on…. Our strength lies in our weakness; our virtues are built on our vices…nor can we lift man above his nature more than above the earth he treads."
To "virtues," or positive qualities of which the power-drive is in diverse ways capable, Hazlitt responded in full though troubled measure. Bromwich acutely reveals the parallels, and the mingling of admiration and ambivalence, in Hazlitt's commentaries on Shakespeare's Coriolanus, Milton's Satan, and Napoleon Bonaparte (in whose defense, vehement but qualified, Hazlitt published, at the end of his career, a four-volume Life). These are all persons of heroic will and power and of absolute self-reliance, who appeal to us in spite of—or rather, as Hazlitt recognizes, because of—their contempt for others who are less than themselves. There is a similar dividedness in his lifelong fascination with Edmund Burke, who is for Hazlitt the incomparable hero of prose, commanding "the most perfect prose-style, the most powerful, the most dazzling, the most daring." "The principle which guides his pen is…not pleasure, but power." "He exults in the display of power."
To Hazlitt, Burke is the unequaled master of eloquence not because he persuades us by rational argument, but because he overwhelms us, leaving us in a state of admiration and acquiescence that is independent of our conviction. Yet by putting the power of language in the service of established political power, as Hazlitt saw it, Burke was more than any other man responsible for the success of counterrevolution and the blasting of the highest human hope. "The consequences of his writings as instruments of political power have been tremendous, fatal, such as no exertion of wit, or knowledge, or genius can ever counteract or atone for." Nonetheless Hazlitt declares that "it has always been with me a test of the sense and candor of any one belonging to the opposite party, whether he allowed Burke to be a great man."
We also find this doubleness of assertion and attitude in Hazlitt's criticism of poetry. His highest praise is for the power of a poetic passage; yet he believed that the great poets (in our time one thinks of Yeats, Pound, Eliot), as well as the proclivities of the imagination that produce sublime poetry, naturally take the side of established hierarchy, glory, and power. "The cause of the people is indeed but little calculated as a subject for poetry…. The language of poetry naturally falls in with the language of power. The imagination is an exaggerating and exclusive faculty," and as opposed to the understanding, it is also an "aristocratical" faculty. "The principle of poetry is a very anti-levelling principle…. It is everything by excess."
Hazlitt's insight into the complex ways in which poets and poetry are involved with the social and political realities of power underlies what seems to me one of his most remarkable achievements in literary criticism, his discussion of Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads in his late and best book, The Spirit of the Age. Hazlitt recognized that a social class structure was built into the traditional hierarchy and decorums of the poetic genres, in which the highest and most serious (epic and tragedy) represented kings and aristocracy in a language appropriate to their rank, and the descending genres were apportioned to a descending social order and idiom. This inherited class consciousness permeated the taste and sensibility of the middle- as well as upper-class readers in Wordsworth's time. In his early poetry, Wordsworth introduced the common, the lowly, the trivial, and the social outcast as subjects of serious, even tragic poetic concern, and in a language, he says, adopted from "humble and rustic life"; with the result, as Wordsworth complained, that his poems elicited "unremitting hostility," and "the slight, the aversion, and even the contempt" of its reviewers. Hazlitt interprets Wordsworth's originality in Lyrical Ballads as his egalitarian subversion of the implicit assumptions about class and power in poetry, and therefore as the equivalent in literature to the French Revolution in politics:
It is one of the innovations of the time. It partakes of, and is carried along with, the revolutionary movement of our age: the political changes of the day were the model on which he formed and conducted his poetical experiments. His Muse…is a levelling one. It proceeds on a principle of equality…. His popular, inartificial style gets rid (at a blow) of all the trappings of verse, of all the high places of poetry…. Kings, queens, priests, robes, the alter and the throne…are not to be found here.
In this achievement, and in giving us "a new view of nature" by elevating the "mean," the "trivial," and the "insignificant" in the natural scene to the highest level of interest, Hazlitt asserts, Wordsworth is "the most original poet now living, and the one whose writings could the least be spared, for they have no substitute elsewhere."
Hazlitt, Keats remarked with admiration, "is your only good damner and if ever I am damn'd—damn me if I shouldn't like him to damn me." In a mood of pessimism Hazlitt wrote an essay, "On the Pleasure of Hating," in which he represents hatred, the "perverse…delight in mischief," as "the very spring of thought and action," which corrupts, and will continue to corrupt, society, religion, international relations, and one's relations to oneself. "We throw aside the trammels of civilization…. The wild beast resumes its sway within us," and "the heart rouses itself in its native lair, and utters a wild cry of joy, at being restored once more to freedom and lawless, unrestrained impulses." But to hate, as to power, Hazlitt gives a double interpretation and value; venting indignant hatred upon a subject that deserves it yields a proper and salutary pleasure at our verbal power both over our own feelings and over the subject that occasions them. The victim, as Hazlitt put it, "is no longer, in this case, the dupe." Toward those who had "maliciously and wilfully blasted" the hopes vested by mankind in the French Revolution Hazlitt, consciously echoing Satan, had vowed "what we owe—hatred and scorn everlasting," and in expressing this hatred and scorn, Hazlitt achieved his most vehement, sustained, and comprehensive eloquence.
Bromwich quotes some splendid examples. Here is another instance of such rhetoric—a single, involved, and evolving sentence in which Hazlitt equals Burke in the power of his eloquence, but directs it against the entrenched political powers in whose defense Burke had misdirected his:
But there are persons of that low and inordinate appetite for servility, that they cannot be satisfied with any thing short of that sort of tyranny that has lasted for ever, and is likely to last for ever; that is strengthened and made desperate by the superstitions and prejudices of ages; that is enshrined in traditions, in laws, in usages, in the outward symbols of power, in the very idioms of language; that has struck its roots into the human heart, and clung round the human understanding like a nightshade; that overawes the imagination, and disarms the will to resist it, by the very enormity of the evil; that is cemented with gold and blood; guarded by reverence, guarded by power; linked in endless successions to the principle by which life is transmitted to the generations of tyrants and slaves, and destroying liberty with the first breath of life; that is absolute, unceasing, unerring, fatal, unutterable, abominable, monstrous.
Hazlitt, who liked to think of himself as a member of a party of one, then goes on, in this Preface to his Political Essays, evenhandedly to demolish all the political parties of his time, the liberal Reformers and the Whigs no less than the Tories.
It is, however, Hazlitt's familiar essays that have always been the most widely read and will doubtless continue to be the most widely read. The form of most of these essays is distinctive, "Hazlittean." Bromwich notes, discerningly, that in his criticism Hazlitt differs from other major critics in that he does not use artistic unity as a prime criterion of literary value. In an essay on Charles Lamb, De Quincey, who was a highly conscious prose artist, depreciated Hazlitt because his thoughts are "discontinuous," lacking in "evolution" according to "the law of succession." Bromwich counters that the coherence of Hazlitt's thought is "associationist," which is true; although it should also be observed that Hazlitt's are often very free associations. He himself tells us that in writing his essays "I seldom see my way a page or even a sentence beforehand." His typical compositional unit is the single sentence; he piles sentence upon sentence, frequently according to no apparent principle of rhetorical order, into paragraphs three pages long; he is apt to change his topic abruptly and radically from one paragraph to the next; and often when he reaches the end, he simply stops.
Hazlitt most approximates the norm of artistic unity in essays such as "My First Acquaintance with Poets," which have narrative sequence, but even that work ends in a conclusion in which nothing is concluded: "Enough of this for the present." Another narrative essay, "The Fight," however, is thoroughly ordered, and worth noting also as a reminder that, in addition to his merits as a critic of literature, oratory, painting, the theater, and politics, Hazlitt was both the originator and nonpareil of sports reporting. The essay describes the mounting excitement of the fans as they make their way to the appointed arena by stagecoach, with an overnight stop at an inn, then on foot; its central episode, the fight between the Gas-man and Bill Neate, is rendered in a tone that moves easily between the true heroic and the mockheroic, and evolves through suspense, false expectation, and reversal to the denouement; it is followed by Hazlitt's sharing delighted reminiscences of the fight with others during the return home. It ends: "Toms called upon me the next day, to ask me if I did not think the fight was a complete thing? I said I thought it was. I hope he will relish my account of it." The essay is itself a complete thing, and reveals the kind of formal values that Hazlitt ordinarily gives up in order to achieve his own kind of essayistic brilliance, by his mastery of what he called "plain, point-blank speaking."
Hazlitt, himself an athlete, describes the elements and relations in his ideal of prose by a trope taken from athletic contests: "Every word should be a blow, every thought should instantly grapple with its fellow." When he is at his best in expressing the supple energy of his mind in the power of his prose, Hazlitt makes De Quincey's craftsmanship in the essay seem ponderous, Leigh Hunt's lightweight, and even Lamb's, in many instances, sequestered and quaint. There are moods of reading, in fact, in which no other essayist can give us the satisfaction that Hazlitt does. R.L. Stevenson said in one of his essays that "though we are mighty fine fellows nowadays, we cannot write like Hazlitt." David Bromwich, in the opening paragraph of his book about the other Hazlitt, cites this comment as appropriate to the standard Hazlitt, about whom he remarks that "I never cared for him much." I have a hunch, though, that even the other Hazlitt would have liked Stevenson's compliment very much.
More by M.H. Abrams
The Strangeness of Wordsworth
Spoiling the Dinner

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Post Card dated 1906,can someone ID the shipyard?
Think that will be D & W Henderson yard or the old 'Anchor Line' as we called it as weans. A & J Inglis was more in the River Kelvin.
Stand to be corrected of course.
Great post card thanks for the information.


Zhaikmunai LP (LSE: ZKM), the oil and gas exploration and production enterprise with assets in north-western Kazakhstan today communicates its financial results for the period from 1 January to 31 March 2012 in addition to providing an update on its operations.
Revenue from sales of crude oil, stabilised condensate, LPG and dry gas stood at US$163.4 million. EBITDA stood at US$110.9 million. The EBITDA margin increased to 67.9% from 54.7% during the same period, reflecting the fixed nature of a significant portion of Zhaikmunai's costs. Net income for the period increased over four-fold to US$48.4 million.
Cost of sales increased by US$30.2 million, or 212.5%, to US$44.4 million compared to US$14.2 million for the same period in 2011. This increase was due to a rise in depreciation and maintenance expenses linked to GTF operations, which did not begin until Q2 2011. Depreciation expenses rose 489.0% to US$21.9 million and maintenance expenses rose 195.8% to US$8.6 million.
Zhaikmunai ended the first quarter of 2012 with US$144.3 million in cash and cash equivalents, of which US$3.2 million was restricted cash. This represents a US$15.8 million increase, or 12.3%, compared to the end of the 2011 financial year.
Zhaikmunai increased its total production over five times between the first quarter of 2011 and the first quarter of 2012. Total production increased to 3,053,210 boe from 604,746 boe or 404.9%, with an average daily production of 33,552 boepd from 6,719, or 399.3%. Total production has since further increased to an average of 37,237 boepd in April 2012.
The average production level is expected to further increase with the imminent coupling of gas condensate Well #218, the planned coupling of two further crude oil wells (Well #116 and Well #67) as well as through the pursuit of its yield optimisation programme in the course of 2012.
As of 31 March 2012, 12 wells were producing oil from the Tournaisian reservoir and 8 wells were producing gas condensate from the Ardatovski, Biski/Afoninski and Southern Tournaisian reservoirs. Zhaikmunai's drilling plans for 2012 include drilling of a total of 11 new wells of which two new exploration / appraisal wells and 9 production wells.
Here you can download the pdf file of Zhaikmunai's Q1 2012 Financials.
Zhaikmunai's management team will be available for a Q&A session for analysts and investors on Wednesday, 23 May at 13:00 UK time (GMT).


Phosphor Art are pleased to now be representing Rive Gauche Studio artist Marcel Laverdet, a very versatile illustrator. Marcel's best known for his 3D work, but his talents also extend to pastiche artworks.
Rosie McGuinness was commissioned for a new column in the Sunday time STYLE magazine.


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Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Battleship classes, Warrior-class ironclads
Warrior-class ironclad
HMS Warrior in the 1860s
Name: Warrior-class ironclad
Operators:
Preceded by: None
Succeeded by: Defence class
Built: 1859–62
In service: 1861–1979
In commission: 1861–1902
Scrapped: 1
Preserved: 1
General characteristics (Warrior as built)
Type: Armoured frigate
Displacement: 9,137 long tons (9,284 t)
Length: 420 ft (128.0 m)
Beam: 58 ft 4 in (17.8 m)
Draught: 26 ft 10 in (8.2 m)
Installed power: 5,267 ihp (3,928 kW)
Propulsion: 1 shaft, 1 Trunk steam engine
Sail plan: Ship rig
Speed: 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph)
Range: 2,100 nmi (3,900 km; 2,400 mi) at 11 kn (20 km/h; 13 mph)
Complement: 707
Armament:
26 × Smoothbore muzzle-loading 68-pounder guns
10 × Rifled breechloading 110-pounder guns
4 × Rifled breechloading 40-pounder guns
Armour: Belt: 4.5 in (114 mm)
Bulkheads: 4.5 in (114 mm)
The Warrior-class ironclads were a class of two warships built for the Royal Navy between 1859 and 1862, the first ocean-going ironclads with iron hulls ever constructed. The ships were designed as armoured frigates in response to an invasion scare sparked by the launch of the French ironclad Gloire and her three sisters in 1858. They were initially armed with a mix of rifled breech-loading and muzzle-loading smoothbore guns, but the Armstrong breech-loading guns proved unreliable and were ultimately withdrawn from service.
The ships spent their first commission with the Channel Fleet before being rearmed with new rifled muzzle-loading guns in the late 1860s. Warrior rejoined the Channel Fleet after her refit while Black Prince joined the 1st Class Reserve and joined the fleet during its annual manoeuvres. The two ships exchanged roles after another refit in the mid-1870s. Both ships spent most of the last two decades of the 19th century in reserve. Warrior was hulked in 1902 and survived to be restored in 1979 as a museum ship. Black Prince became a training ship in 1896 and was hulked in 1910 before being sold for scrap in 1923.
Design and description Edit
The Warrior-class ships have been described as revolutionary, but in truth they were more evolutionary than not as everything except their wrought iron armour had been in use by ocean-going ships for years.[1] The naval architect and historian David K. Brown commented, "What made [Warrior] truly novel was the way in which these individual aspects were blended together, making her the biggest and most powerful warship in the world."[1] They were designed in response to Gloire, which started an invasion scare in Britain,[2] but they had a very different concept of operation to the French ship which was meant as a replacement for wooden ships of the line. They were designed by Chief Constructor of the Navy Isaac Watts as 40-gun armoured frigates largely based on the fine lines of the large frigate HMS Mersey. Warrior and her sister Black Prince were not intended to stand in the line of battle as the Admiralty was uncertain about their ability to withstand concentrated fire from wooden two and three-deck ships of the line. Rather they were designed to be fast enough to force battle on a fleeing enemy and to control the range at which a battle was fought for their own advantage.[3]
General characteristics Edit
The Warrior-class ships were 380 feet 2 inches (115.9 m) long between perpendiculars and 420 feet (128.0 m) long overall.[4] This was 44 feet (13.4 m) longer than the Mersey, the longest wooden-hulled ship in the Royal Navy.[5] They had a beam of 58 feet 4 inches (17.8 m) and a draught of 26 feet 10 inches (8.2 m).[4] The ships displaced 9,137 long tons (9,284 t). The hull was subdivided by watertight transverse bulkheads into 92 compartments and had a double bottom underneath the engine and boiler rooms.[6]
Two bilge keels were fitted (the first used by the Royal Navy), which significantly reduced the roll of the ships. Because of their length the ships proved to be very sluggish while manoeuvring, as Warrior proved when she collided with HMS Royal Oak in 1868.[7] The Warrior-class ships trimmed down by the bow, not least because they were fitted with a 40-long-ton (41 t) iron knee placed at the bow to give it a traditionally pleasing shape. This also prevented the ships from ramming any other ships. The bowsprit was shortened after completion in an effort to reduce the trim, but it was not noticeably successful.[8]
Propulsion Edit
Close-up of the ship's trunk steam engine
The Warrior-class ships had one 2-cylinder trunk steam engine made by John Penn and Sons driving a single 24-foot-6-inch (7.5 m) propeller.[9] Ten rectangular boilers[10] provided steam to the engine at a working pressure of 20 psi (138 kPa; 1 kgf/cm2). The engine produced a total of 5,267 indicated horsepower (3,928 kW)[11] and was the most powerful thus far built for a warship.[12] On sea trials in October 1861 Warrior had a maximum speed around 14.3 knots (26.5 km/h; 16.5 mph); Black Prince was about a half knot slower. The ships carried 800 long tons (810 t) of coal, enough to steam 2,100 nautical miles (3,900 km; 2,400 mi) at 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph).[13]
The ironclads were ship rigged and had a sail area of 48,400 square feet (4,497 m2). The lower masts were made of wood, but the other masts were iron. Warrior made 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) under sail, but Black Prince could only do 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph). Under both sail and steam Warrior once logged 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph). Both funnels were semi-retractable to reduce wind resistance while under sail alone. The ships' propellers could be hoisted up into the stern of the ship to reduce drag while under sail. They were the largest hoistable propellers ever made and required about 600 men to be raised.[13]
Armament Edit
A mess table aboard HMS Warrior with a 68-pounder cannon in the background
The armament of the Warrior-class ships was intended to be 40 smoothbore, muzzle-loading 68-pounder guns, 19 on each side on the main deck and one each fore and aft as chase guns on the upper deck. This was modified during construction to ten rifled 110-pounder breech-loading guns, 26 × 68-pounders, and four rifled breech-loading 40-pounder guns as saluting guns. The 40-pounder guns were to have been replaced by 70-pounder guns, but these failed their tests and were never issued.[14] Both breech-loading guns were new designs from Armstrong and much was hoped for them. Four of the 110-pounder guns were installed on the main deck amidships and the other two became chase guns; all of the 68-pounder guns were mounted on the main deck. Firing tests carried out in September 1861 against an armoured target, however, proved that the 110-pounder was inferior to the 68-pounder smoothbore gun in armour penetration and repeated incidents of breech explosions during the Battles for Shimonoseki and the Bombardment of Kagoshima in 1863–64 forestalled plans to completely equip the ships with the 110-pounder gun.[15]
The 7.9-inch (201 mm) solid shot of the 68-pounder gun weighed approximately 68 pounds (30.8 kg) while the gun itself weighed 10,640 pounds (4,826.2 kg). The gun had a muzzle velocity of 1,579 ft/s (481 m/s) and had a range of 3,200 yards (2,900 m) at an elevation of 12°. The 7-inch (178 mm) shell of the 110-pounder Armstrong breech-loader weighed 107–110 pounds (48.5–49.9 kg). It had a muzzle velocity of 1,150 ft/s (350 m/s) and, at an elevation of 11.25°, a maximum range of 4,000 yards (3,700 m). The shell of the 40-pounder breech-loading gun was 4.75 inches (121 mm) in diameter and weighed 40 pounds (18.1 kg). The gun had a maximum range of 3,800 yards (3,500 m)[16] at a muzzle velocity of 1,150 ft/s (350 m/s).[17] The 110-pounder gun weighed 9,520 pounds (4,318.2 kg) while the 40-pounder weighed 3,584 pounds (1,625.7 kg). In 1863–64 the 40-pounder guns were replaced by a heavier version with the same ballistics. All of the guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells.[18]
Both ships were rearmed during their 1867–68 refit with a mix of 7-inch and 8-inch (203 mm) rifled muzzle-loading guns. Warrior received twenty-eight 7-inch and four 8-inch guns while Black Prince received four fewer 7-inch guns. Both ships received four 20-pounder breech-loading guns for use as saluting guns.[12] The shell of the 15-calibre 8-inch gun weighed 175 pounds (79.4 kg) while the gun itself weighed 9 long tons (9.1 t). It had a muzzle velocity of 1,410 ft/s (430 m/s) and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal 9.6 inches (244 mm) of wrought iron armour at the muzzle. The 16-calibre 7-inch gun weighed 6.5 long tons (6.6 t) and fired a 112-pound (50.8 kg) shell. It was credited with the nominal ability to penetrate 7.7-inch (196 mm) armour.[19]
Armour Edit
Cross-section of Warrior's armour
The Warrior-class ships had a wrought iron armour belt, 4.5 inches (114 mm) thick, that covered 213 feet (64.9 m) amidships. The armour extended 16 feet (4.9 m) above the waterline and 6 feet (1.8 m) below it. 4.5-inch transverse bulkheads protected the guns on the main deck. The armour was backed by 16 inches (410 mm) of teak. The ends of the ship were left entirely unprotected which meant that the steering gear was very vulnerable.[12]
Construction Edit
The gun ports of the Warrior-class ships were built 46 inches (1.2 m) wide, which allowed the 68-pounders to traverse 52°. While the ships were building the directing bar was developed which consisted of an iron bar that fastened to a pivot bolt in the sill of the gun port. After the gun carriages were modified, this allowed them to pivot much closer to the gun port than had previously been possible and meant that the gun ports could be narrowed to a width of 24 inches (0.6 m) while retaining the same arc of fire.[20] The gun ports were narrowed to the new width by 7 inches (178 mm) of wrought iron.[6] Another delay was the modification of the armour plates with tongue and groove joints to lock the plates together and increase their resistance to armour-piercing shells. All together these modifications delayed the completion of Warrior by a year past her contract completion date.[5]
HMS Warrior Thames Ironworks, Blackwall, London 25 May 1859 29 December 1860 24 October 1861 Museum ship 1979 £377,292[21]
HMS Black Prince Robert Napier, Govan, Glasgow 12 October 1859 27 February 1861 12 September 1862 Sold 21 February 1923[22] £377,954[21]
HMS Warrior joined the Channel Fleet in July 1862 and was placed in ordinary from 1864 to 1867, during which time she was refitted. The ship rejoined the Channel Fleet in 1867 and towed a floating drydock to Bermuda in 1869 with her sister Black Prince.[23] Warrior was placed in ordinary again from 1872 to 1875 and was modified with a poop deck. She was recommissioned into the 1st Class Reserve in 1875 and made periodic training cruises until 1883.[23] The ship was formally reclassified as an armoured frigate in 1884,[24] but was disarmed and mastless. Warrior was hulked as a depot ship in Portsmouth Harbor in 1902 and renamed Vernon III in 1904 when she became part of HMS Vernon, the Royal Navy's Torpedo School. The ship regained her original name in 1923 and was converted once more into an oil pipeline pier in 1927. Warrior was towed to Pembroke Dock in 1929 and was renamed C77 in 1942 to release her name for the new aircraft carrier HMS Warrior. In 1979 C77 was moved to Hartlepool and was restored as HMS Warrior (1860) as the Fleet Headquarters in Northwood, London had assumed the name of HMS Warrior in the early 1960s. HMS Warrior (1860) can now be seen near HMS Victory at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard.[25]
Black Prince capsized while in dock at Greenock, damaging her masts. She arrived in Spithead in November 1861 with only jury-rigged fore and mizzenmasts.[23] The ship was assigned to the Channel Fleet upon her completion and in 1867–68 she was rearmed and then assigned to the 1st Class Reserve. She was refitted in 1874 and given a poop deck, and rejoined the Channel Fleet in 1875 as the flagship of Rear Admiral Sir John Dalrymple-Hay, second in command of the fleet. Black Prince was placed in reserve in 1878 in Devonport until she was converted to a training ship in 1896 in Queenstown, Ireland and renamed Emerald in 1903. The ship was hulked and renamed Impregnable III in 1910 when she was assigned to the training school HMS Impregnable before she was sold for scrap on 21 March 1923.[26]
↑ 1.0 1.1 Brown, p. 12
↑ Parkes, p. 6
↑ Lambert, pp. 18, 20–21
↑ 4.0 4.1 Ballard, p. 241
↑ 5.0 5.1 Parkes, p. 17
↑ Parkes, pp. 23–24
↑ Ballard, pp. 52, 54
↑ Ballard, p. 246
↑ Gardiner, p. 7
↑ Ballard, pp. 246–47
↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Parkes, p. 19
↑ 13.0 13.1 Parkes, pp. 20–21
↑ Lambert, p. 85
↑ Lambert, pp. 85–7, 89
↑ Textbook of Gunnery
↑ Lambert, pp. 86–87, 89
↑ Lambert, pp. 90–91
↑ 21.0 21.1 Parkes, p. 16
↑ Ballard, p. 59
↑ Silverstone, p. 276
↑ Ballard, pp. 58–59
Ballard, G. A., Admiral (1980). The Black Battlefleet. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, MD. ISBN 0-87021-924-3.
Brown, David K. (2003). Warrior to Dreadnought: Warship Development 1860–1905 (reprint of the 1997 ed.). Caxton Editions, London. ISBN 1-84067-529-2.
Gardiner, Robert, ed (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Conway Maritime Press, London. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.
Lambert, Andrew (1987). Warrior: Restoring the World's First Ironclad. Conway, London. ISBN 0-85177-411-3.
Parkes, Oscar (1990). British Battleships (reprint of the 1957 ed.). Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, MD. ISBN 1-55750-075-4.
Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. Hippocrene Books, New York. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.
Text Book of Gunnery. Harrison and Sons for His Majesty's Stationary Office, London. 1887. http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/u?/p4013coll11,222.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Warrior class ironclad.
Portsmouth Historic Dockyard
Followed by: Defence class
List of ironclads of the Royal Navy
Retrieved from "https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Warrior-class_ironclad?oldid=2666229"
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1 James Hewitt
2 Jeff Mellinger
3 Matthew Axelson


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Check in @ 4YFN Health & Wellness Hub
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What we are looking at is the entry ramp to a giant upwards curve that signals a wholesale transformation in how medical care is understood and delivered. In a field defined by cutting-edge science and innovation, we are on the precipice of a change that could have the most important impact on human existence.
The digital revolution has already been widely enjoyed by consumers around the globe, opening up new avenues for commerce, connecting us to one another and delighting us with new forms of entertainment. In the realm of health, advances in connectivity, corporate investment and start-up innovation can mean the remote delivery of medical advice, robotic surgery powered by 5G and enhanced pharmaceutical research using artificial intelligence.
By 2025, we estimate that Health wearables will become part of the solution to overstretched public health systems. Currently 5% of adults over 55 in high income countries own a connected device prescribed by their doctor. By 2025, that number will be over 50 (GSMA Intelligence). Such a big and impactful metamorphosis deserves the convening of its stakeholders. For the last few years at 4YFN, we have hosted the Digital Health & Wellness Summit – a dedicated programme focussed on health innovation during the world's most influential startup event, hosted in conjunction with our partners ECHAlliance. I would love to say that we weren't surprised by the success of the Summit, but the fact is that we were truly wowed.
The appetite for health content as it relates to startups is clearly enormous. Of course it helps that Barcelona is a leading hub for medical research and innovation, but the event is impressively international and more and more so each year. It was with all of this in mind that we decided to create an entire real estate presence for the health sector at 4YFN 2020. The Health & Wellness Hub will host the vertical ecosystem for a mix of exhibition, pitching activities, networking and more, in addition to the Summit co-organized by ECHAlliance.
It has already proven to be an incredible success. The exhibition area sold out before it was even launched and we are reviewing plans to expand it to accommodate all of the amazing enthusiasm for the new hub. It turns out health is hungry and we have a duty to help develop ecosystems that are expanding quickly.
There are still many opportunities to get involved, through sponsorship and on-stage talks or simply picking up a ticket to attend. Of course exhibition space is stretched, reflecting the incredible number of ambitious startups keen to connect and grow. Head here for more information, or feel free to get in touch directly if you're interested.
Huge thanks to our partners ECHAlliance for helping to realise this step change in startup innovation in the health sector and to including Biocat, EIT Health, Digital Attraxion, Barcelona Health Hub and ACCIO for their support.
I hope to see you all at 4YFN 2020 – get involved before it's too late.
Article originally published on the 4YFN website, republished by Innovators Magazine as media partners of the event.
In this article:4YFN Barcelona, ECHAlliance, Health & Wellness Hub
How to Save the Planet
Turning rhetoric into action
Written By Commentary
4YFN called off
Spiderman or Batman?
4YFN ticket opens more doors
Countdown to 4YFN Barcelona


text:
package com.thetrackr.wearablesdemo.bleandroid;

/**
 * Created by adminadmin on 3/6/14.
 */
public class BleDemoConstants {

    public static final String ACTION_BLE_FRAMEWORK_DISCOVER_DEVICES = "com.thetrackr.ble.action.discoverdevices";
    public static final String ACTION_BLE_FRAMEWORK_CONNECT = "com.thetrackr.ble.action.connect";
    public static final String ACTION_BLE_FRAMEWORK_RING_DEVICE = "com.thetrackr.ble.action.ringdevice";
    public static final String ACTION_BLE_FRAMEWORK_SILENCE_DEVICE = "com.thetrackr.ble.action.silencedevice";
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Now he's talking publicly for the first time. Under pressure from Mark Zuckerberg and Sheryl Sandberg to monetize WhatsApp, he pushed back as Facebook questioned the encryption he'd helped build and laid the groundwork to show targeted ads and facilitate commercial messaging. Acton also walked away from Facebook a year before his final tranche of stock grants vested. "It was like, okay, well, you want to do these things I don't want to do," Acton says. "It's better if I get out of your way. And I did." It was perhaps the most expensive moral stand in history. Acton took a screenshot of the stock price on his way out the door—the decision cost him $850 million.
Within 18 months, a new WhatsApp terms of service linked the accounts and made Acton look like a liar. "I think everyone was gambling because they thought that the EU might have forgotten because enough time had passed." No such luck: Facebook wound up paying a $122 million fine for giving "incorrect or misleading information" to the EU—a cost of doing business, as the deal got done and such linking continues today (though not yet in Europe). "The errors we made in our 2014 filings were not intentional," says a Facebook spokesman.


text:
Research Institute of Arts and Social Sciences
The Decline and Death of International Organisations (NestIOr)
About the research project
Browse: Home » About the research project
Shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, one of the world's leading International Relations (IR) theorists, Kenneth Waltz, made the infamously wrong prediction that "NATO's days are not numbered, but its years are" (1993: 76). With the principal threat out of the way, NATO no longer had a purpose. Waltz rhetorically asked "[h]ow can an alliance endure in the absence of a worthy opponent?" (ibid.: 75). Against the odds, NATO survived the end of the Cold War. It adapted itself to the new security environment and its member states have sent military missions to Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan and Libya under its authority. And yet NATO continuously needs to prove itself to sceptics. This includes notably President Trump who has continuously refused to endorse the cornerstone Article 5.
NATO is just one example of international organisations currently under pressure. The World Health Organization was heavily criticized over its handling of the 2014 Ebola outbreak. The World Trade Organization seems incapable of mitigating an American-Chinese trade war. The United States stopped contributing to the UNESCO budget after Palestine was admitted as a member in 2011, thereby depriving the organisation of nearly a quarter of its resources. It decided to quit UNESCO in 2018. The United Kingdom will exit the EU in 2019 and Burundi left the International Criminal Court in 2017. The ultimate way for states to show that international organisations have outlived their purpose is to disband them (e.g. League of Nations, International Refugee Organisation, Warsaw Treaty Organization). This happens frequently: no less than a third of the international organisations created between 1905 and 2005 has formally ceased to exist (Pevehouse, Nordstrom & Warnke 2004).
Number of dead, integrated and replaced IOs based on Pevehouse et al. (2004)
This research project, funded by the European Research Council, seeks to complete the theory on the 'life and death of international organisations'. We know how international organisations are designed. We also know how international organisations develop over time. Yet we know virtually nothing about decline and death. The project addresses therefore the question why do international organisations decline or die? The main hypothesis is that some international organisations live longer due to their institutional characteristics. Through a mixed-methods research approach, this project aims to develop an institutional theory on the final stage in the life of IOs.
NestIOr is a five year research project entitled "Who gets to live forever? Toward an Institutional Theory on the Decline and Death of International Organisations" (2019-2023). It is hosted at Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 802568).
Copyright © 2019 NestIOr


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Daughters Of The Storm Review (Book)
Is Blood Thicker Than Water?
Five sisters. One kingdom. Lots of trouble.
These key ingredients plus so much more make up the plot for Kim Wilkinson's novel Daughters of the Storm. While this title has been available over the pond for some time (at least according to my Goodreads research) it's finally coming to the U.S. I was recently given the opportunity to read an ARC and boy, am I glad that I did!
Set in a fictitious viking like world, the land of Almissia is ruled by Athelrick – the greatest warrior in the land. Or at least, he was. Now he's fallen ill, so desperately ill that it's become quite clear that he's going to die. Because of this, his five daughters are sent for to tend to him in his final days: Bluebell, the eldest and an unparalleled warrior; Rose, queen of Nettlechester; Ash, a healer studying the ways of magic; and twins Ivy and Willow, Ivy who is selfish and Willow who has given herself over to a foreign religion.
These sisters couldn't be more different, but it is their dynamic that will drive the story of Daughters of the Storm as they set to save their father from the illness that plagues him.
Turns out that Athelrick isn't sick. Not exactly. He's been "elf shot" which is actually a form of malevolent magic. Since this means that there was intent behind the illness, the sisters must also work to solve the mystery of who did this as it means someone has attempted to murder the king. Sadly, this mystery doesn't last long for the readers as the person behind it confesses to someone else fairly quickly. Though to be fair, it would also be hard to maintain that secret and have the rest of the story progress as it does.
Regardless, Bluebell suspects Gudrun, the second wife of Athelrick and step mother to the five young women. Gudrun has her own son, Wylm, who has aspirations for the throne despite not being a blood relative to Athelrick himself. Therefore, to save both himself and his mother he sets off to defeat Bluebell, though things don't go the way he hopes for most of his journey.
Meanwhile, the sisters have their own journey to undertake. After moving their father so that he may be will guarded, they set out to search for their estranged aunt Eldra, who is an undermagician. Undermagicians are essentially the equivalent of witches, therefore they are not generally well thought of and few prefer to keep their company. Still, the young women are desperate, and seek the help of their aunt not knowing for sure whether or not she will even help.
Things aren't easy riding, however. Heath, the nephew of the King of Nettlechester arrives to assist the sisters on their journey, but Rose and he have something of an affair going on. Naturally, the knowledge of this could endanger relations between Almissia and Nettlechester. Bluebell demands they put a stop to it, but it seems love isn't so easy to abolish. Then there's the matter of Ash. Her magical powers are growing stronger at an alarming rate, and with the newfound knowledge of an estranged aunt who is also an undermagician, as well as a vision of her own violent death pressing down upon her, she's beginning to wonder if she shouldn't abandon her family for their own well being. Then there's the matter of the twins, Willow and Ivy. Essentially, both of these young women more or less exist to cause trouble for their older sisters whether they mean to or not. That being said, each girl's story concludes in book one in the Blood and Gold series in a rather surprising albeit slightly disappointing manner. At least for poor Ivy. Willow, on the other hand, solidifies her place in novels to come.
It's Bluebell who has to maintain control over this group while equally struggling with her own inner demons. If her father dies, the kingdom of Almissia will be hers to rule. It's a responsibility she's ready and willing to accept, but her deep love for her father won't allow her to give up on him. It is she that holds this group of gals together long enough to achieve their goal, but what it costs her in the end may alter her perspective on her family forever.
While this is my first book by Kim Wilkins, it certainly won't be my last, especially since this is only the first installment of a series. Wilkins does a really good job of making the world in which this story takes place a combination of foreign and the familiar. Certain aspects are curiosities you want to learn more about, while on the other hand the Nordic influences serve to flavor enough of the story where you aren't struggling to keep up with the events on the page.
I also really enjoyed each of the sisters in their own way. Coming from a four child household myself, three of which being girls, and myself the oldest of them all, I related to Bluebell more than I anticipated I ever would. I also saw a disturbing amount of my own sisters in some of the characteristics of the other women. Yet for all their flaws, Wilkins never relies on tropes to define these women. Each is very much their own very believable person, with their own dreams and goals. While I wish at times they had been more developed over a longer book, this is really only nitpicking. What I got of these characters was satisfying, and I sincerely cannot wait for the second book to hit shelves across the pond.
I Got All My Sisters With Me
That's not to say that every aspect of the story was perfect. I do feel that Wilkins' use of descriptions left something to be desired. Many of the fight scenes were at times confusing, and her imagery of various landscapes equally so. I was also terribly disappointed at how quickly Eldra was dismissed at the end of the novel considering what we find out about her during a conversation between her and Bluebell. I can only hope that she returns in later books, because she did not get the finale that she deserved.
Ultimately though, I really enjoyed Daughters of the Storm and if you're looking for a new series to get into, I'd definitely point you to this one. If you're a fan of the Game of Thrones, Stormlight Chronicles, or other various high or even general fantasy series this is one to look out for. It has a strong cast of kick ass women with a mythology I'm excited to see develop in future novels.
Final Verdict: 4/5
Daughters of The Storm will be out March 6th, 2018 from Del Rey books for $24.00.
This review is based off of an ARC given to HeyPoorPlayer by Del Rey Publishing.
Tagged Daughters of the StormfantasyNorse Legends
Beth Meadows
A graduate of Full Sail University in the field of Game Design, Beth currently works at a small game development studio as a QA Engineer (a fancy name for a QA Tester - which means she plays video games for a living). Beth is obsessed with Heroclix and loves all things BioWare. In her spare time she enjoys gaming, reading, writing, and playing with her dogs (yes, she's a crazy dog mom). She's also quite a big fan of sleeping and eating and is trying to figure out how to combine these abilities.
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Despite worldwide malvertising rising consistently since programmatic advertising gained popularity, it took a brief hiatus in Q3 2017.
According to RiskIQ's Q3 2017 report on the subject, the firm scanned 53% fewer advertisements containing a blacklisted incident—phishing, scams, exploit kits and malware—than Q2, reversing a trend from the second quarter which found a 19% increase in total malvertising over Q1.
Exploit kits have continued to decline, but malware, which decreased by almost 45% last quarter, was the only type of malvertising to increase in Q3. Meanwhile, phishing, which rose over 100% last quarter, experienced a considerable decline, which could mean attackers thought it wise to pivot to dropping malware from trying to trick users into clicking on deceptive ads that may lead to pages requesting sensitive data.
RiskIQ also recently released its Q3 2017 phishing trends report, showing that its research team observed 931,665 unique blacklisted phishing URLs.
Of these, 27,868 were unique domains, down from the 39,320 in Q2. In fact, overall detections have decreased slightly in Q3—RiskIQ observed a total of 279 brands targeted by phishing campaigns in Q3, down from the 316 in Q2.
One constant is the Top 10 brands being observed, all but three of which are the same between Q2 and Q3. As far as the new brands, two are large financial institutions, and the third is a social media platform.
In terms of segments, financial services (accounting for 40% of targets) and digital transaction brands (20% of targets) continue to be favorite targets. Social media platforms made up 10% of targets, as did cloud storage providers. Large tech companies accounted for 20%.
Is Threat Intelligence Actually Fueling Prevention?


Following the festive reception, guests attended a performance of "The Boogie Woogie Piano Show," starring pianist Arthur Migliazza, at the Lyric Theatre.
Martin County philanthropists May and Vincent Smyth hosted a gathering of friends and supporters in March 2018 to introduce an exciting concept: the formation of Mary's Angels Giving Circle that would support Mary's Shelter.
The response was heartwarming, with many of the attendees signing up that day and others coming on board over the next several months.
As a thank you to all of the founding donors who made Mary's Angels a viable and successful source of funding for Mary's Shelter, the Smyths hosted a welcome back party on Jan. 4, where they treated 40 of the charter members to a delightful VIP reception at Geoffrey Smith Gallery on Osceola Street in Stuart. Wine, cocktails and delicious passed hors d'oeuvres were provided by South Fork Kitchen & Bar.
Following the festive reception, guests attended a performance of "The Boogie Woogie Piano Show," starring pianist Arthur Migliazza, at the Lyric Theatre, also through the generosity of the Smyths.
Money raised by the Giving Circle helps fund an important new Mary's Shelter program called Women in Transition, which helps supplement monthly rent of women who are moving out of the shelter into their own places.
For their part, those assisted by the Women in Transition program must continue to attend Mary's Shelter programs that offer counseling and advice on how to maintain the healthy habits and skills learned while residing there. They also need to continue with the schooling or education that will enable them to land – and keep - higher paying jobs.
Mary's Shelter is a faith-based transitional home located in Stuart that provides residential and non-residential services for pregnant, homeless women. To learn more about it or Mary's Angels, visit www.maryssheltertc.org.
VIDEO: Arthur Migliazza teaches you how to play Boogie Woogie piano. Take a listen!


A brief look back at the village through the ages.
Our story starts over 100,000 years ago, before the last Ice Age. Bones were found in Barrington in 1879 and 1948 which revealed that hippo, rhino, elephant, hyena, lion, bear, deer and bison existed here. Finds such as polished stone axes suggest a settlement here in the Stone age; Bronze Age arrow heads and a small burial mound have also been found.
By the end of the Iron Age, a large settlement, well defended with ditches, had developed and there were large pits, probably for grain storage. Finds here included gold coins, an iron currency bar and a pottery bowl imported from Italy, indicating wealth and contacts with other parts of Europe.
The remains of a Roman villa, which evidence suggests had been attacked and burned down, have been unearthed to the South of the Village. Roman remains were also found by the river near Foxton Bridge and there are carved clunch blocks from a large building built into the foundations of a water mill. The story goes that Boudicca fought against the Roman army, if not on the site of the Village, then nearby.
Where did Barrington get its name? No one is sure. One theory is that "bara" could mean barrow, a hillock or burial ground; "ton" was the Anglo-Saxon word for settlement. Another is that Bara was a Saxon thane who settled in the place which came to be known as "bore's ton" and the name evolved from this.
Barrington has been one of the most productive areas for the study of early Ango-Saxon burials and two sites have been excavated in the 19th Century and more recently. These included over two hundred graves, with two very rare instances of women buried lying in wooden beds. There were also many grave goods and pieces of jewellery, indicating a large settlement with a fair degree of wealth.
Barrington, overlooking the River Rhee, a tributary of the Cam, was in a good defensive position and often seems to have sat between opposing armies.
When the invading Danes finally came to terms with the English as to where Danelaw started and Mercia began, villagers found themselves on the borderline between both sides. as they had with the Romans and Boudicca and would again in the 17th Century, with the Roundheads and Cavaliers.
Before the Normans came, the Village land was spread between five main owners, one being the Abbey of Chatteris. There were also twenty four freemen with smaller acreages.
Later William, now King of England rewarded his followers and family with these lands although the Abbess of Chatteris retained her holding. By 1087 it was recorded in the Domesday Book that Barrington comprised 54 households (about 270 people). There were two and a half mills; East Mill (shared with Foxton when we let them !), Bulbeck Mill and West Mill. By 1278 population stood at 102 families.
Building started on the main part of the present Church in the 13th Century, using clunch quarried locally. A century later the remainder, including the tower and clerestorey, was added. In 1326 the Church was passed to Michaelhouse College in Cambridge.
In 1280 an aisled hall known as Newlyn was built. Towards the end of the Middle Ages what now serves as our village pub, the Royal Oak, was constructed. In 1334 Edward III granted the village a weekly market and an annual St Margaret's fair on July 20th. Barrington was a prosperous village.
Plague struck England in 1348 and the number of villagers fell from 612 to 341. Early in the 1400s, Alice Bradfield married Thomas Bendyshe, who by 1430 had transferred Barrington land to his son, Edmund; the family held their estate here until the early 20th Century. By 1485 they had built a moated manor house, traces of which can still be seen, albeit it was replaced by a more modern hall in 1702.
In the early 1500s saffron began to be cultivated here in fenced strips and around 50 families (about 250 people) are recorded. A short time after the Dissolution of the Monasteries (1536-9), Trinity College came to hold an interest in the Church and Village which continues today.
In 1645, Roundhead troops from Cambridge were billeted in Foxton; Charles 1's army attacked across the river at Harston and Barrington, and was repulsed. Roundhead cannon were trained on the Village and cannon balls have been found in the river near the bridge. In 1657, the Guildhall was built and several houses appear to have been constructed on the North side of the Green around this time. It has been said that Cromwell was granted land here to give to his onetime soldiers. After the Restoration it was reckoned that there were about 75 houses in the Village. A short time later a Congregational chapel or meeting house was built in Boot Lane.
Thomas Finch was appointed Vicar in 1775, he lived in Cambridge but rarely came to the Village to hold services. On some Sundays he would ride to the top of Chapel Hill and the Verger would signal him should there be some service, such as baptism, required. As the Church was rarely used, it fell into disrepair and villagers took to stabling their animals in it during winter.
In 1835, following appointment as Curate-in-charge, Michael Gibbs turned out the animals, started repairs and held regular services, even though the roof leaked. Three years later he opened the Village School, attended by 70 pupils and built on the site of the old Vicarage, which had burned down some years before. Although he received help from the Bendyshe family and some of the wealthier farmers, he had to put in £142 of his own money to finish the work. Much enlarged, the School still thrives.
In 1796 the Barrington Enclosure Act was passed. Strip farming ended and land was parcelled out to private owners. Unusually, the cottagers of this Village did keep their rights to a 22 acres, 1 rood and 6 perches of common land - the Green. By 1820 there was considerable poverty here as a result of agricultural depression and because some farmland had been left tenantless and/or waste. During the Captain Swing riots, when agricultural labourers, angered and frightened by loss of work, burned ricks, barns and machines, 5 Barrington men described as "rioters" were sentenced, in 1828, to hard labour in gaol for two months for "unlawful destruction of property".
By 1830 the situation had improved and 156 men and boys, described as labourers, found work. In the 1851 census, 533 people were recorded. The number of farmers had fallen to 7. There were 99 agricultural labourers and 12 carpenters, also blacksmiths, millers, wheelwrights, tailors, shoemakers and dressmakers. In this year, Shepreth Station was opened and fruit grown in the Village was taken there to be transported to London.
1863 marked the start of nearly 20 years of high employment with the beginning of the mining for coprolites - phosphate nodules, found in sub-soils in this area, which could be ground up and used as fertiliser. They could be dug very profitably in deep, open cast trenches; however, the work could be very dangerous and accidents were recorded. At the peak of the digging, the population rose to 727, many of them men attracted to the Village by pay rates much above those for agricultural labourers. Villagers also thrived, many taking in lodgers.
Rev. Conybeare became Vicar of Barrington in 1871. As the mining came to an end, at the beginning of the 1880s, the number of people here fell by 100 and poverty crept in again. He not only appealed for help to the Board of Guardians in Royston and to his own College, Trinity, but created as much work as he could; repair work in the Church, making drinking fountains and ponds on the Green and supervising clearing out of ditches. Some of the wages were found from his own pocket. He employed men fairly, giving priority to those with young children and trying to ensure that work was divided evenly among the rest. To make things worse, in the early 1890's, the Prime Brickworks, which had had a chequered career over 15 years, finally closed.
Cement Works were bought by Eastwoods Ltd. in 1924. In 1937, their future Managing Director purchased Barrington Hall as a residence. During the second half of the Century, the Hall contained offices, particularly after 1962 when Rugby Portland Cement Company took over Eastwoods, employing over 300 people by 1968. In 2000, this company became part of the RMC group, which in turn was the subject of a take-over by Cemex in 2004. The number of employees has fallen over time, as a result of automation and outsourcing of logistics. The tall chimney of the Works dominates the Village skyline to the North.
In 1928, the Village Hall Charity was founded, the Hall being the gift of the Bendyshe family. By 1931, the population had fallen to 440 and in 1939 only 50 children attended the School. The autumn of 1939 brought 24 evacuees to swell the numbers. These numbers fluctuated but rose to 32 evacuees in September 1941, when air raids began in London. Five men from the Village were killed during World War 11.
Few people will remember the "one size, one recipe fits all" National Loaf. This was first cooked in Barrington where Dr Elsie Widdowson, who was closely involved in the design of its high vitamin content, lived. Her war work on the nation's diet and her subsequent research on nutritional science earned her the Award of Companion of Honour - the first woman scientist to be honoured in this way.
Electricity began to be available in the Village in 1937; a clean piped water supply was completed in 1955 and drainage and sewerage installed between 1969 and 1972. In 1961 the population was 531 and from this time new houses and bungalows appeared, mainly at the East end of the Village but also to the West. Currently the Village numbers around 900 adults.
Shepreth children have come to share Barrington Church of England Primary School, which currently has some 120 pupils. Whereas at one time you would have found, within living memory, bakeries (including the one, near where the Shop is now, to which people took their Sunday joints to be cooked); a butcher's shop; a Post Office; a fried fish shop; two small sweet shops and the Blacksmith's shop (demolished in 1959). Today there is a Shop/Post office which we are fortunate in retaining.
In Victorian times there were 7 public houses: The Catherine Wheel, The Fountain and the Butcher's Arms in the High Street; The Boot in Boot Lane; The Queen Victoria in Mill Lane and the Robin Hood which is said to have stood opposite the old Brick and Cement Works in Shepreth Road. The Royal Oak is the sole remainder - most of the others are now dwellings.


The Hookah hose is very vital element of your narghile to ensure a good smoke. This aspect is ignored by most novice smokers. The quality as well as quantity of the smoke will vary considerably if you buy hookah hose of perfect kind. How many times have you wondered about improving the overall experience of using a hookah?
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With the power of basics about hookah hose, you are ready to invite over guests for taking them to the Middle East.