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Acta Biológica Colombiana
Print version ISSN 0120-548X
Acta biol.Colomb. vol.12 no.1 Bogotá Jan./June 2007
EFFECT OF SOME IONS ON SPERM ACTIVATION IN Brycon henni (EIGENMANN 1913)
Efecto de algunos iones sobre la activación espermática en Brycon henni (Eigenmann 1913)
JAVIER TABARES1, MV., M.Sc., TATIANA RUÍZ1, MV., Ph. D., LUCY ARBOLEDA2, Biólogo, M.Sc., MARTHA OLIVERA1*, MV., Ph. D. 1Fisiología y Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 75 Nº 6587, AA. 1226. Tel: 5744 25 91 49, Medellín, Colombia. * molivera@catios.udea.edu.co 2Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Politécnico Jaime Isaza Cadavid. Carrera 48 N° 7151, AA. 4932. Medellín, Colombia. Tel: 5742 61 76 60.
Presentado 21 de noviembre 2006, aceptado 11 de diciembre de 2006, correcciones 31 de enero de 2007.
Spermatozoa in Characid fish remain immobile in seminal plasma and are activated when freed into water where the ionic balance seems to be the main factor starting the activation process. This process was the target of the present study with emphasis on the activation of motility and on motility maintenance over time. The effect of isosmotic solutions was analyzed taking into account the possible combinations of the following ions, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and Na+ as well as the effect of channel blocking agents. The parameters measured were cells with motility (%), duration of motility (s), plasma membrane potential, and the effect of channel blockers on activation time and on motility. There was an increased motility when the semen was incubated in solutions containing K+ (p<0.05) compared with the control (CaNaMgK solution); the longest duration of motility was attained when the incubation was performed in solutions containing Na+ and Mg2+ (p<0.05). All solutions induced a change in membrane potential detected after 15 s of activation. Blocking K+, Ca2+ and Na+ channels did not alter motility but decreased the activation time (p<0.05). Potassium induced activation at all concentrations up to 105 mM, but motility was drastically decreased at concentrations higher than 140 mM (p<0.05). The conclusion is that interaction of the ionic environment with the cell membrane leads to changes in membrane potential and intracellular signalling that trigger sperm motility in Brycon henni.
Key words: Ionic balance, channel blockers, membrane potential, Oxonol.
Los espermatozoides en los carácidos se mantienen inmóviles en plasma seminal, activándose cuando se liberan en el agua. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer algunos de los mecanismos que inducen la activación espermática (porcentaje de espermatozoides que adquieren movilidad y el tiempo que dura la misma). El efecto de las soluciones isosmóticas, se analizó considerando las combinaciones de los iones Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ y Na+, y el efecto de algunos bloqueadores de canales iónicos. Se evaluó el porcentaje y duración de la movilidad, así como el potencial de la membrana plasmática. La motilidad espermática fue mayor cuando el semen se incubó en las soluciones que contenían + (p<0,05) comparado con el control positivo. La mayor duración de la movilidad se obtuvo cuando se incubaron los espermatozoides en soluciones que contenían Na+ y 2+ (p<0,05). Todas las soluciones probadas indujeron un cambio en el potencial de membrana, detectado después de 15 segundos de la activación. Bloqueo de los canales de K+, Ca2+ y Na+ no alteró la movilidad, sino que disminuyó el tiempo de activación (p<0,05). Los iones potasio indujeron la activación en todas las concentraciones hasta 105 mM, pero la movilidad disminuyó drásticamente cuando las concentraciones fueron mayores de 140 mM (p<0,05). Se concluye que la interacción del ambiente iónico con la membrana de la célula conduce a cambios en el potencial de la membrana que conllevan a señales intracelulares que desencadenan la movilidad del esperma.
Palabras clave: balance iónico, bloqueadores de canales, potencial de membrana, Oxonol
In Colombia the fish Brycon henni is a protected endemic species. It inhabits water bodies in coffee producing areas (700 1900 m.a.s.l.; 4º35'56''N 74º04'51''W; 1828°C). Insufficient knowledge of its basic biology and behavior prevent the commercial culture of this promising fish. Our interest is focused in sperm physiology of captive males, in order to improve fish biotechnologies.
Ionic balance in seminal plasma is important for the maturation of sperm (Ingerman et al., 2002), to keep spermatozoa immotile within the testis and in the spermatic duct (Müller et al., 1994), to develop the capacity of spermatozoa to move (Mochida et al., 1999; Ohta et al., 2001), and to maintain adequate motility when the sperm is delivere>d into the water (Morisawa and Suzuki, 1980; Scott and Baynes ,1980; Márián et al., 1993; Cosson et al., 1999). Activation of sperm and its relationship with ions has been demonstrated by inducing an osmotic shock (Krasznai et al., 1995; Márián et al., 1997), by changing the transmembrane potential (Emri et al., 1998), and through the regulation of interchangers and ionic channels for Na+, K+ and Ca2+ (Krasznai et al., 1995; Cosson et al., 1999; Vines et al., 2002; Krasznai et al., 2003; Felix et al., 2004). This ionic balance is believed to be related, among other factors, to the intracellular environment (Krasznai et al., 1995; Márián et al., 1997), the composition of the seminal plasma (Mochida et al., 1999; Ohta et al., 2001) and the ionic flow through the membrane that in turn is regulated by channels. Several types of channels have been described: 1) open pore channels: that function by gradients (Felix et al., 2004), 2) gate channels activated mechanically that open when the membrane expands due to turgency (Cosson et al., 1999; Krasznai et al., 2003), 3) voltagedependent channels that are activated when there is a change in membrane potential (Krasznai et al., 2000; Felix et al., 2004), 4) ligand channels working through specific proteins that interact with their receptors (Felix et al., 2004), and finally 5) interchanger channels in which the energy generated by the passageinvolving an ion gradientthrough the channel is used for the passage of another ion in the opposite direction (Vines et al., 2002). Mitochondria, having channels in both the internal and the external membranes, also regulate the intracellular ionic balance (Garlid and Paucek, 2003) allowing the flux of Ca2+, K+ and Mg2+ in the cell to flow in either direction (entryexit).
Cytosolic Ca2+ is a second messenger and a cofactor in the activation process: it activates adenyl cyclase to induce the production of cyclic AMP necessary for phosphorylation of tubulin and then for flagellar axoneme activation (Eddy and O'Brien, 1994; Suarez and Ho, 2003). Mg2+ and Ca2+ are necessary to produce the ATP required for oxidative phosphorylation (Sordahl and Silver, 1975; Barbiroli et al., 1999) that depends directly on the membrane potential and on the presence of metabolic precursors such as glucose (Lahnsteiner et al., 1998). The dinein ATPase of the axoneme utilizes ATP to bring about movement of the flagellum (Suarez and Ho, 2003). In teleosts, spermatozoa become activated when they are in contact with water: in the sea due to a hyperosmotic shock (Vines et al., 2002), and in fresh water due to a hyposmotic shock (Morisawa et al., 1983). The objective of this study was to expand our knowledge on the role of ions on the inhibition and activation of sperm function in Brycon henni.
FISHES AND SAMPLES. Average fish body weight and size (total length) were 112 ± 7 g and 20.5 ± 0.7 cm respectively. Semen was collected by craneocaudal massage during the season of maximal sperm production from fish kept in captivity for one year. The samples were collected in 1.5 ml tubes and maintained at 4ºC for 57 h until used. Five sexual mature male fish were used, and four samples were collected in different dates during the reproductive season; thus, a total of twenty samples were tested with the ionic solutions (see next) at a 1:1000 dilution. The average semen concentration used with the various solutions was 2.3 ± 1.10 spermatozoids/ml.
IONIC SOLUTIONS. Previous seminal plasma characterization was taken into account (Tabares et al., 2006). Fifteen different combinations of isosmotic solutions were prepared with Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and/or Na+ (KCl: 37.3 mM, NaCl: 122.8 mM, CaCl2: 0.87 mM, MgCl2: 0.83 mM (see Fig. 1). Mannitol was used to replace the missing ion(s) to keep osmolality at 307 mOs/kg. The positive control was a solution with an ion concentration similar to that of seminal plasma (KCl: 37.3 mM, NaCl: 122.8 mM, CaCl2: 0.87 mM, MgCl2: 0.83 mM (Tabares et al., 2006). The negative control was an isosmotic solution of mannitol (63.63 mM). All solutions were buffered with 20 mM Hepes (pH 7.5).
EFFECT OF INCUBATION IN IONIC SOLUTIONS ON SPERM MOTILITY AND ACTIVATION TIME.
To determine the moment at which activation started and the activation time, the semen was diluted 1:1000 in each of the 15 solutions to be tested. The tubes were incubated for one hour at 20ºC and activated with a hyposmotic water solution containing 20 mM Hepes (pH 7.5; activator solution) at 20 mOs/kg. The gross motility and the activation time (in seconds) were measured (Tabares et al., 2006) using an inverted phase contrast microscope (Nikon TMSF 211571) at 40X.
EFFECT OF IONS ON PLASMA MEMBRANE POTENTIAL. The fluorochrome Oxonol (Molecular Probes, Ore,USA) (bisacid 1.3dibutylbarbituric) trimethine oxonol (DiBAC43) that has a high affinity for membrane lipids at rest, was used to detect changes in membrane potential. These changes induce the detachment of the fluorochrome and the consequent fading of the fluorescence. Nonmotile spermatozoa (5x106 spermatozoa/ml) were incubated with 1 µM oxonol for one hour at 20ºC. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was measured at 15 s intervals for 2 min in a flow cytometer FACS SORT (Becton Dickinson, USA) at 488 nm between 200 and 400 mW.
EFFECT OF CHANNEL BLOCKERS ON MOTILITY AND ACTIVATION TIME. To determine whether activation is due to the opening of ionic channels, competition blockers (Biomedicals, Germany) were used at different concentrations. Amiloride (100 µM, 500 µM and 1 mM) served as Na+ channel blocker; to block K+ channels 4aminopyridine (5 mM, 25 mM and 50 mM) was used; Verapamil (100 µM, 500 µM and 1 mM) was used to block Ca2+ channels. The blockers were evaluated individually at each concentration and in combination at the highest concentrations. Semen samples were diluted 1:1000 in an isosmotic solution and incubated at 20ºC for one hour, to allow ion interchange; then, the espermatozoa were activated with a solution containing the blockers. The gross motility and activation time were recorded. As negative control an activator solution without blockers was used.
EFFECT OF K+ CONCENTRATIONS ON SPERM MOTILITY AND ACTIVATION TIME. Nine isosmotic + solutions were tested to determine the optimal conditions for sperm activation: 1, 5, 10, 15, 35, 70, 105 and 140 mM. Additionally, two other control solutions were included: one without K+ but isosmolar to seminal plasma and the other with Ca2+, K+, 2+ and Na+ at the same concentrations as in the seminal plasma.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. A General Lineal Model was used to study the quantitative stochastic relationship among the dependent (gross motility (%), activation time (s), average intensity of fluorescence (AIF) and the independent variables (ionic balance, channel blockers, K+ concentrations) using the Tukey and Kramer test (p<0.05). The variables, motility and AIF were transformed to log10 and log(100+X), respectively (Sas Institute, I., Cary, Nc 2002).
EFFECT OF IONS ON GROSS MOTILITY AND ACTIVATION TIME.
All the ionic solutions tested induced motility oscillating between 42 and 75% while in the negative control the motility was only 4% (p<0.005). The highest motility (57 75%) was obtained with solutions containing K+, but there was no difference with the positive control (58%) (Fig. 1). The activation time varied from 56 to 94 s and the difference was significant (p<0.05) compared to the negative control (16 s). The solutions yielding the longest activation time were: Na+Mg2+Ca2+ (94 s) and Na+Mg2+ (79 s) but no significant difference was found (p>0.05) with the positive control (78 s; Fig. 2).
EFFECT OF IONS ON PLASMA MEMBRANE POTENTIAL.
All of the solutions, including controls induced the same change in membrane potential (p> 0.5). This change was noticeable starting 15 s after activation, but the peak of sperms undergoing a change occurred at 30 s and remained steady up to 120 s (p<0.05; Fig. 3).
EFFECT OF CHANNEL BLOCKERS ON MOTILITY.
Blockers of K+, Ca2+ and Na+ channels, either individually or in combination did not affect motility but reduced the duration of activation, independently of the ionic concentration (p>0.05; Fig. 4). Ca2+ and K+ channel blockers shortened the duration of activation from 63 (control) to 18 s, when the highest blocker concentration was used (10 times concentrated; p>.05; Fig. 4). Blockers of Na+ channels showed a low effect, from 63 to 44 s (p<0.05; Fig. 5).
EFFECT OF K+ CONCENTRATION ON MOTILITU AND DURATION OF MOTILITY.
K+ between 1 and 70 mM had no effect on motility but there was a reduction from 7383% (positive control) to 2354% when the concentration was increased to 105 mM and to 011% when it was increased to 140 mM (p<0.05; Fig. 6). However, the duration of activation did not change significantly at different K+ concentrations (Fig. 7).
When an osmotic shock is produced to activate spermatozoa, there is a reduction of extracellular K+ probably inducing the mobilization of the ion from mitochondria through K+/H+ interchangers (Garlid, 1994) to the external milieu. The increase in positive charges induced by the efflux of K+ generates a change of membrane potential (Ohta and Shinriki, 1998) and this leads to an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ entering through voltage channels (Krasznai et al., 2000) and also possibly to the liberation of the Ca2+ reserves from mitochondria through the voltage or ligand channels (Carafoli, 2003). The increase of intracellular Ca2+ would thereby dissipate the signaling route by initiating motility.
It was found that extracellular K+ and Ca2+ are important for the initiation of motility (solutions with K+ and Ca2+, compared to the negative control, Fig. 1; p<0.05). On the other hand, Na+ and Mg2+ maintain this motility, but not by voltagedependent channels since blocking these ions did not affect the initiation of motility. The change in membrane potential is due in part to the low extracellular osmolality. However, this factor alone is not sufficient because in the absence of extracellular ions (negative control) the potential changed but not the initiation of motility. Therefore, initiation of motility in B. henni could be regulated by the ion flux through channels independently of changes in the membrane potential since it occurs with stretching, interchanging or ligand channels.
This study illustrates the importance of extracellular K+ for sperm motility in B. henni as opposed to results with other fresh water fishes such as Onchorhynchus mykss(Morisawa et al., 1983) and Clarias gariepinus (Mansour et al., 2002) in which K+ inhibits motility, or in Morone saxatilis (He et al., 2004) where this ion has no effect. When only K+ was tested, even up to twice the concentration found in normal seminal plasma, initiation of motility was observed, but at higher concentrations motility did not begin and this observation deserves further experimentation and analysis. As opposed to previous reports on salmonids (Billard and Coson, 1992) and the common carp Cyprinus carpio (Krasznai et al., 2000) demonstrating that extracellular Ca2+ is necessary to initiate motility, our results in Brycon indicate that Ca2+ is not necessary, and are in agreement with those of others (He et al., 2004) studying Morone saxatilis. Ca+ favors motility synergistically with + (Fig. 1), as proposed previously for C. carpio (Krasznai et al., 2000); the authors concluded that when K+ leaves the cells the consequent change in potential activates Ca2+ voltagedependent channels, as opposed to what occurs in B. henni, where the participation of other types of Ca2+ channels is suggested. The ionic solutions generating the highest percentages of motility are the same as those that generate the maximum number of sperms with a change of potential in their membranes (Fig. 1; Fig. 3). Interestingly, these solutions are not the same as those that induce the longest activation times (Fig. 2), suggesting that these two events use different mechanisms.
The longest motility times were observed with solutions in which Na+ and Mg2+ were combined (Fig. 2), in agreement with the report of others (Mansour et al., 2002) in Clarias gariepinus who suggest that the intracellular pH oscillates with the activation time and conclude that the antiporter Na+/H+ is involved in pH regulation depending on osmolality and extracelullar ions. Without extracellular Na+ the antiporter Na+/H+ cannot activate itself reducing the activation time. Mg2+ maintains motility for longer periods perhaps through the activation of adenyl cyclase to produce cAMP, that participates in the activation of protein movement through ATP hydrolysis with Mg2+ as a cofactor (Inaba et al., 1998; Barbiroli et al., 1999; Cosson et al., 1999). This mechanism is not completely understood but it is thought that Mg2+ modulates the opening and closing of mitochondrial channels thus creating the conditions for flagellar movement (Shi et al., 2002).
The duration of motility in B. henni (Fig. 5) may be associated to ionic regulation through different ion channels, contrary to what occurs in ciprinids that use a single type of channel (Krasznai et al., 2003). This parameter decreases significantly in B. henni whatever blocker is used suggesting that 1) the intervening channels are important for motility although other channels may be involved that are efficient in initiating rather than maintaining motility, and 2) the blockers require some time to saturate the channels before exerting their effect, such that motility is initiated but does In conclusion, activation of sperm motility in Brycon henni depends on a set of factors: 1) the ionic balance, with K+ playing a major role on the percentage of motile cells, and Na+ and Mg2+ on the duration of activation, and 2) the dynamics of the plasma membrane, indicated by the change in membrane potential, independently of the extracellular ionic balance.
We are grateful to the Instituto Colombiano para el Fomento de la Ciencia y Tecnología, COLCIENCIASColombia, Project 11150912308, to the Universidad de Antioquia (CODI), and to Politécnico Jaime Isaza Cadavid, Medellín, Colombia for the financial support. We are also grateful to A.L. Haenni and J Ossa for their critical review of the manuscript.
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SCSI Surveyors Journal, Spring 2014. Society of Chartered Surveyors Ireland.
This article reviews the legislation governing the use of UAV's in Ireland in 2014.
Mc. Govern, E. (2014) Ubiquitous UAV's. Surveyors Journal, Spring 2014. Society of Chartered Surveyors Ireland.


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Archives for March 16, 2006
Best Western — Open Thread
March 16, 2006 by GayPatriotWest
No, this is not about a hotel chain.
The western as a film genre has all but died out, but the motion picture canon includes a number of westerns. Until I saw The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, Shane and Clint Eastwood's Unforgiven were my two favorites. Now I have three, but I know those aren't the only great ones. There are many others, including flicks featuring the great John Wayne and even a few with the Gipper.
So, today's open thread–what's your favorite western?
Filed Under: Movies/Film & TV
Saddam Links To Al Qaeda — The 'Lie' Is Being Busted Open
March 16, 2006 by Bruce Carroll
I'm with Michelle Malkin on this one…. if you do nothing else today, go to this website and start reading the truth about Saddam's ties to Al Qaeda. The "Lie" from the Democrats and our beloved news media is about to be destroyed.
Over at the Jawa Report, the first of many smoking guns coming direct to you from the filing cabinets of Saddam's regime. Direct links between bin Laden and Saddam's government in a memo dated four days after the attacks of 9/11/2001.
Below is a translation from Arabic to English of CMPC-2003-001488 document that was posted on Pentagon Website regarding the pre-war Iraq documents. (http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/products-docex.htm#iraq).
Text of the document in English translated from Arabic.
In the Name of God the Merciful
Presidency of the Republic
Intelligence Apparatus
To the respectful Mr. M.A.M
Subject: Information
Our source in Afghanistan No 11002 (for information about him see attachment 1) provided us with information that that Afghani Consul Ahmad Dahestani (for information about him see attachment 2) told him the following:
1. That Osama Bin Laden and the Taliban in Afghanistan are in contact with Iraq and it that previously a group from Taliban and Osama Bin Laden group visited Iraq.
2. That America has proof that the government of Iraq and Osama Bin Laden group have shown cooperation to hit target within America.
3. That in case it is proven the involvement of Osama Bin Laden group and the Taliban in these destructive operations it is possible that American will conduct strikes in Iraq and Afghanistan.
4. That the Afghani Consul heard about the subject of Iraq relation with Osama Bin Laden group during his stay in Iran.
5. In light of this we suggest to write to the Commission of the above information.
Please view… Yours… With regards
Signature:……, Initials : A.M.M, 15/9/2001
Foot note: Immediately send to the Chairman of Commission
Shouldn't this be the lead story on NBC Nightly News, Dateline, TODAY, the Olbermann Report, etc., etc., etc.? If our news media were truly interested in serving our national defense interests, they would pay people to translate these documents as quickly as possible.
Would any responsible President not have attacked Iraq after 9/11 knowing what we thought we knew at the time about the connections between Iraq and al Qaeda. Even the 9/11 Commission conceded there were ties. I can't believe there is even a debate still going on about whether our pre-emptive attack on Iraq was warranted. The more truth that comes out from Saddam's own files, the better.
**UPDATE** – The American public obviously agrees with me….
On the third anniversary of the start of the U.S.-led war in Iraq, majorities of Americans feel that the Iraqi people are better off today and the United States is safer.
-Bruce (GayPatriot)
Filed Under: War On Terror
Terror Watch Roundup
I'm glad to see that American and Iraqi forces are on the offensive against terrorists in Iraq.
U.S. military commanders say the operation was largely carried out by Iraqi forces based on tips from other Iraqis.
Coalition forces have dubbed the assault "Operation Swarmer," which is an operation consisting of about 1,500 soldiers in all, including the Iraqi Army's 1st Brigade, 4th Division, the 101st Airborne Division's 3rd Brigade Combat Team and the 101st Combat Aviation Brigade.
The assault is a combination of air and ground operations involving more than 200 tactical vehicles and more than 50 aircraft also participated in the operation.
According to the Coalition Press Information Center, initial reports indicate that a number of enemy weapons caches have been captured, containing artillery shells, explosives, IED-making materials, and military uniforms. Troops also captured several people, according to CPIC.
The thing that those who protest against the Iraqi Theatre in the War on Terror are in denial that we are in a world war against Islamic terror and fascism. American and coalition forces must strike pre-emptively whereever and whenever is necessary.
This offensive comes at a crucial time as the blogosphere is reporting Al-Qaeda chatter is at pre-9/11 highs. (h/t – GatewayPundit)
The level of "chatter" by al Qaeda operatives is currently as high or higher than in the months prior to 9-11, and the question in many parts of the U.S. and European intelligence communities is not if al Qaeda will strike again, but when. Much of the thinking centers on the near-term. This is also reflected in current corporate security alerts being circulated among elite business establishments.
There are several factors that point to al Qaeda at least having a plan for an imminent attack. The first is the January appearance of Osama bin Laden himself after months of silence. The second is the repeated warnings and boasts from bin Laden, Zawahiri and on al Qaeda web sites of impending action.
Several analysts I have spoken with believe the leadership of the historic al Qaeda would not raise expectations of an attack, especially at a time of intense competition with Zarqawi's operation for the mantle of carrying out international jihad, without something important afoot. The risk of losing credibility is too high. Zawahiri is already viewed as the person carrying out action, while bin Laden and Zawahiri have been left in the roles of elder statesmen, respected but no longer operational in the field of battle.
One corporate risk analysis group reported something else of interest: A March 10 posting on al-Hesbah website, known for posting al Qaeda messages, carried a message from the Global Islamic Media Front. The message gives a final warning to the United States before carrying out what it said would be two devastating attacks. The second attack would not be launched until after Washington had time to respond to the first one, the message said.
Perhaps the Iraqi offensive will keep al Qaeda off guard, perhaps not. But I'd rather have a President willing to use American force against our enemies than one from a political party who thinks our military is the enemy.
Log Cabin Earthquakes A'Tremblin
Here's some interesting news from my always reliable Log Cabin "Republican" insider…
First, the never-took-flight Congressional candidacy of former Log Cabin National Field Director Jeff Cook is about to end. Sources tell me Jeff may leave the race as early as today. I have contacted the campaign and am awaiting a response.
Second, word has it that a group of former Log Cabin leaders across the country as well as former LCR major donors are going to put up a alternative slate of Board Directors at the upcoming LCR convention. This is an idea I had been talking about with some colleagues at the end of last year, so I'm glad to see someone has taken the initiative. I have offered my support for the alternative slate so we can, once and for all, put the "Republican" back into Log Cabin.
We need this organization to represent the millions of gays who are Americans first and not in bed with the radical anti-American agenda of the Gay Left organizations.
Filed Under: Gay America, Log Cabin Republicans
President Bush Appoints Gay Latino Conservative to Key HIV/AIDS Post
Well, lookie here…. (via Log Cabin Republicans).
President Bush has appointed Log Cabin National Board Member Troy Benavidez to the Presidential Advisory Council on HIV and AIDS (PACHA). "Log Cabin congratulates Troy on this well deserved appointment," said Log Cabin President Patrick Guerriero. "Troy will be a valuable member of PACHA. His voice as a Latino gay conservative will provide important guidance for the Council."
"I'm honored to be appointed to PACHA," said Benavidez. "Much work still must be done to get this epidemic under control and to provide assistance for the hundreds of thousands of Americans living with HIV/AIDS. I'm proud to be a part of this effort and I thank the President for selecting me to serve on the Council."
Benavidez has valuable experience that makes him uniquely qualified to serve on the Council. He has served on the boards of both New Mexico AIDS Services and the Samaritan Counseling Center, a faith-based counseling center in New Mexico. In addition, he brings to PACHA 13 years of experience working in government at the state and federal level.
I….can't….compute…..this….news. Bush hates gays and minorities. My…brain…is….about…to….explode.
*puts down The Advocate*
Okay, all is fine.
Filed Under: Gay America, HIV/AIDS
Crashing The White House Easter Egg Roll
So forgive my cynicism if I don't buy the Human Rights (& Abortion On Demand) Campaign's reason for crashing the White House Easter Egg Roll on April 17. This from their email trying to recruit volunteers….
Every year thousands of families gather at the White House Lawn on the Monday following Easter to participate in a great American tradition – the White House Egg Roll. On April 17th, 2006, when the White House lawn is opened to families for the Annual Easter Egg Roll, we want the first 1000 families onto the lawn to be lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender families. The Egg Roll is a big media event, so we have an amazing opportunity to reach homes across the country with positive images of our families participating in this great American family tradition.
If you want to help America see the love of your family, if you want to help America become a more equitable place, if you want your children to have all the same legal protections that children of heterosexual couples do – sign up today to participate at http://www.familypride.org/eggroll
The question I have for our friends on the Gay Left…. why didn't you think of this idea when Bill "Gay Messiah" Clinton was President? Bill & Hill would have flung open the gates for the gays, wouldn't they? I mean, never mind Don't Ask, Don't Tell and signing DOMA in the middle of the night (but touting it on Christian radio stations in 1996)… Clinton was as much our first "gay President" as he was our first "black President"….wasn't he?
Hear me now, or hear me later… I see nothing but disaster for this effort. You and I both know which gay activists are going to show up to crash the gates. They won't be ones America will be comfortable seeing on their nightly news. I wonder who will clean up the mess of used condoms being thrown with plastic Easter eggs?
Nothing good will come of this, mark my words. But just like Democrats, the Gay Left can't help but repeatedly shoot themselves in the foot and take the rest of us down with them.
– Bruce (GayPatriot)
Filed Under: Gay America, Gay PC Silliness, Gay Politics

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Methadone withdrawal will certainly be called for eventually, after methadone maintenance or a discomfort management program making use of methadone has started. If your sensation enslaved by having to go to a Warroad MN center or a pharmacy daily as well as experiencing heck if you want to travel, there is an escape.
Methadone usage produces a numb sensation to living, considerable stomach troubles and also physical reliance that beats all others; that's the short list. All kinds of various other health problems that methadone use created are uncovered when beginning methadone withdrawal. I'll provide you some solution to assist right now, and further services to handle the trouble to ending methadone dependence forever.
Addictions physicians as well as discomfort management clinics in Minnesota are seriously recommending methadone for opiate abuse and also persistent pain, yet exactly what are the repercussions of methadone usage? I have actually noted numerous listed below. If you've already tried Methadone withdrawal and had problems, I've obtained some assistance you wouldn't have discovered elsewhere.
Once it is time to begin methadone withdrawal, many individuals are having BIG problems finishing their methadone use. Just how does one withdraw from methadone in Warroad Minnesota? What obstacles will they need to conquer?
I'm writing for those having trouble with methadone withdrawal. If you are experiencing no problem taking out from methadone, do not worry you are just one of the fortunate ones.
The truth is that several addictions doctors as well as discomfort management specialists in Warroad are acting on the suggestions from their peers and advisors. They are not told of the deaths due to recommended methadone usage nor the troubles that occasionally occur when withdrawing from methadone usage.
Vital: thoroughly research medicines or drugs on your own prior to you purchase or take them. The results can be gruesome. They additionally may have hazardous interactive effects when taken with various other drugs.
Lots of otherwise all methadone effects are brought on by nutritional shortages. Methadone use creates dietary deficiency – specifically calcium and magnesium deficiency. Another is B vitamin shortage. This is exactly how these shortages are manifested.
Methadone withdrawal will need a lot of extra nutritional supplementation. That suggests it's time to feed the body. Calcium as well as magnesium will aid with the cramping etc. But there will certainly be some problem numerous will certainly have taking their nutrients – a poor digestive tract.
Methadone and also anxiety medications have the tendency to ruin the intestine cellular lining. A leaking digestive tract gives discomforts when eating or allergic reactions, susceptible to health issues and also skin troubles. Another sign of a dripping intestine is impatience and also a 'bad attitude'. The mindset could have physical reasons unmentioned by the individual.
A good suggestion to helping the digestive tract trouble is eating great deals of good quality yogurt with online probiotics in it, like acidophilus and bifidus. One can additionally supplement with big quantities of glutathione – an antioxidant to aid the detoxification procedure.
The quantity of nutrients required throughout methadone withdrawal is undervalued so typically that I shake my head in marvel.
The trouble with methadone is that it is hazardous to the body. Your body knows it, but you may not. Taking methadone difficulties your organs to cleanse the body and protect the essential organs before they are badly damaged.
Toxins offer the body a difficult time. If you have actually seen drug addict with dark circles under their eyes, gray skin, negative skin, hair befalling, reduced energy, strange ailments, etc. they're obtained dietary deficiencies. Those deficiencies are hard to recuperate from with food alone. Occasionally that food isn't really being appropriately absorbed = bad intestine.
Detoxifying the body is greater than simply quiting drug use. Substance abuse creates interior body damage you may not promptly identify. However, the body will attempt to purify right after drug use and heal itself making use of any kind of nutrients available. If the nutrients aren't offered, the body will borrow (take) them from the bones, nerve system or other vital functions.
Some will require medical detox from methadone – the problem is that most Warroad methadone detox centers don't use nutritional supplements as part of their program. They just give more medications, and often not the right ones. The lack of full understanding on Methadone detox creates a brutal scene to withdraw from.
The good news is that I have actually located the devices and also the detox centers in MN that can beat methadone withdrawal efficiently as well as easily.
Warroad was once one of the largest Chippewa villages on Lake of the Woods. The Chippewa fought a long and fierce war against the Sioux for the lake's rice fields. Occupying the prairies of the Red River Valley, the Sioux would frequently invade the territory by way of the Red and Roseau Rivers, a route which ended at the mouth of the Warroad River. This was the old "war road" from which the river and village derived their name. In the 20th century, the town had a strong commercial fishing industry, which gradually turned to sport fishing and tourism. For many years, commercial boats provided regular service to the islands and to Kenora, Ontario, at the north end of Lake of the Woods. Several flying services carried sport fishermen and tourists to lodges and fishing camps in Lake of the Woods until economics and increasing regulations drove them out of business. Warroad is known for the great fishing on Lake of the Woods.
Warroad, called "Hockeytown USA", is also noted for its strong hockey tradition. The Warroad High School program has earned four men's state championship titles ('94, '96, '03, '05) and two women's ('10, '11) in the past 20 years, and has produced NHL and Olympic players. No U.S. Hockey Olympic Men's team has won a gold medal without a player from Warroad on the roster. Another important piece of Warroad hockey history is the Warroad Lakers amateur team that existed from 1947 to 1997.


text:
The Armenian Crisis in Turkey
Author: Frederick Davis Greene
Genre: Modern (19th C)
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Description The Armenian Crisis in Turkey
Frederick Greene shows in this book that the case of the subject races in the Ottoman Empire is desperate, that there is no hope of reform from within, and that relief vimust therefore come through the interference of the powers of Europe. Their action depends largely on the support of the public. "Public opinion," therefore, "must be brought to bear upon this case," as Mr. Gladstone said in the House of Commons six years ago. Since then there has been added a new chapter of horrors, and the demand for decisive action in the name of our common humanity has become more urgent. The facts furnished by this book ought to arouse such public opinion as will justify and compel prompt and efficient action on the part of the Powers.
The United States need not depart from its long-established foreign policy, but is bound to protect its own honor and the lives and property of its citizens. (From the preface)
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The Commencement of the Notre Dame Class of 2019
President's Annual Address to the Faculty
The Idea of a University Today: Address delivered at Oxford University
Notre Dame in Rome
MLK Day Commemoration and Walk the Walk Week
Welcome to the University of Notre Dame, where scholars across the generations have labored to realize our founding institutional vision to become a wellspring of hearts and minds devoted to the common good.
A Notre Dame education forms the whole person. As president, I have the pleasure of seeing this happen every day in our classrooms, laboratories, studios and recital halls. Our abiding commitment to undergraduate education and world-class research grow together out of this lively pursuit of knowledge and truth, this abundant experience of community, friendship and service to humanity.
Notre Dame is a place where matters of faith are addressed with respect; where the wisdom of religious tradition sheds new light upon the most pressing concerns of our own time. It is a Catholic university where tomorrow's leaders in the arts and letters, in the sciences, the professions and civil society cultivate both technical proficiency and an ethical, moral and spiritual integrity that lasts a lifetime.
This is the Notre Dame I came to love while living in Grace Hall and studying philosophy in the 1970s. It's the Notre Dame where I returned to teach philosophy and serve the students as a priest of Notre Dame's founding order, the Congregation of Holy Cross. It's the Notre Dame that later called me to further service as its 17th president. I hope your visit to our website encourages you to visit us in person soon.
In Notre Dame,
Archbishop Borys Gudziak receives 2019 Notre Dame Award
Author: Kathy Corcoran
Ukrainian Catholic Archbishop Borys Gudziak received the 2019 Notre Dame Award on Saturday (June 29) for his work for religious and academic freedom, and for his courageous and visionary leadership of the first Catholic university established in the territory of the former Soviet Union.
Notre Dame president co-signs climate change accords with energy and investor executives at Vatican summit
Author: Paul J. Browne
Executives from among the world's leading energy producers and investors concluded two days of Vatican-sponsored dialogue on energy transition Friday (June 14), with — for the first time — most signing statements of support for carbon pricing and disclosures on climate change risk.
Rev. John I. Jenkins, C.S.C.: 2019 Commencement Mass Homily
Author: Notre Dame News
Commencement Mass
Purcell Pavilion at the Joyce Center
Tomorrow's commencement, at which I will award you graduates your degrees, will not be the first Notre Dame commencement of the spring of 2019, nor will you be the first in your class to receive your degree. The first occurred a week ago Friday in a hospital room in town, where I, accompanied by our provost, Tom Burish; the dean of the College of Arts and Letters, Sarah Mustillo; and our vice president for student affairs, Erin Hoffman Harding, conferred a degree on Chris Westdyk, a classmate of you seniors. You see, Chris has been struggling with cancer. His health had deteriorated, and it was unlikely that he would be able to join you at tomorrow's ceremony. He became, then, the first Notre Dame graduate of 2019.…


We may not realize it, but our sense of smell can affect our emotions and behaviours. What happens when we smell something pleasant to our senses? We relax and feel comfort and joy.
For over 4,000 years, aromatic plants have been used to treat ailments and other conditions. Fragrance has also been used over hundreds of years to induce desired spiritual states and therefore creating intense mental and emotional impact. For example, Buddhism using sandalwood, Daoism using aloeswood (Chen Xiang) and Judaism/Christianity using frankincense and myrrh. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) also frequently uses aromatic herbs not only internally, but often for external conditions. In fact, the use of aromatic herbs in TCM such as ginger (Sheng Jiang), cinnamon (Gui Zhi) for example, date back to the era of the first pharmaceutical classic, "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" (Shen Nong's Pharmacopoeia Classic), written in 2,800 B.C.
Essential oils are not like the oils we know and use freely like vegetable oils, massage oils, etc. Essential oils are the 'vital substance' of the plant, i.e. the synergy of the plant and the sun, or matter and energy. In TCM, the "vital substances" of our body are composed of Qi, Blood, Body Fluid and Essence (Jing). These vital substances are a vortex of energy and substance, interacting with each other to form an organism, and the basis of all is Qi. "Qi" is the "vital energy", and all vital substances are manifestations of Qi in varying degrees of material . Applying the oils on our body, or into our body via inhalation and other methods, is using them as messengers of that oils' vital substance and energy.
Aromatherapy is the controlled use of essential oils to maintain and promote physical, psychological and spiritual well-being. Clinical Aromatherapy on the other hand, is using high quality essential oils to enhance the health of the body and mind, and treat disorders through application in the general environment and on or in the body itself. It is NOT equivalent to esthetic aromatherapy, which is for pleasure only, not healing. In addition, in Clinical Aromatherapy, the practitioner needs to consider the oil function, exact dosage, correct dilution, what medium it is carried in, cautions and contraindications, application and duration of treatment, thus it is much more involved that esthetic aromatherapy.
Moreover, Clinical Aromatherapy must use oils of 100% natural, unadultered form, and of high quality. Perfume and cosmetics manufacturer quality standards are entirely different from Clinical Aromatherapists.
Essential oils work as trigger therapy, like acupuncture, working primarily by triggering healing response in the body and mind. They are not like herbal or nutritional therapy, and the function and indications of an essential oil are not always identical to that of the same whole herb, used in herbal therapy.
Essential oils have been used particularly for many psycho-emotional conditions, because of the affect that smell has on our emotions and behaviour. In the past, this was not understood, but today, we know that when we smell, the aroma goes to our Limbic system via the olfactory pathway (our nose). The Limbic system is the region of the brain that acts as the link between higher cognitive function, and emotional responses. The Limbic system provides the hypothalamus with emotional input (both input and reactions to sensory information), which can affect homeostasis and physiological responses. The Limbic systems' link to emotions and physiological functions, is important in the use of aromatherapy and psycho-emotional uses.
From the TCM perspective, fragrances greatly affect the Lung and Heart energy system and the Spirit (Shen), mainly because of its direct access to the brain (through the nose) and its resulting psycho-emotional effect on the Spirit (Shen). The use of Essential Oils in TCM is first from a TCM diagnosis, and then from the TCM function of the oil, the appropriate body type and the syndrome.


text:
2nd Group Of 4 Boys Is Rescued From Thai Cave After Long Ordeal
Published July 9, 2018 at 6:31 AM CDT
Police and military personnel use umbrellas to cover a stretcher as it is carried to a helicopter from an ambulance at a military airport in Chiang Rai, Thailand, on Monday, as rescue operations continued for those still trapped inside the cave in Khun Nam Nang Non Forest Park in the Mae Sai district.
Emergency crews in Thailand brought a second group of four boys to safety on Monday, more than two weeks after 12 boys and their soccer coach were trapped in a flooded cave network. Pairs of divers shepherded the boys on the long and painstaking journey out of the cave, navigating muddy and silty water through tight passages.
A total of eight boys have now been taken out of the Tham Luang Nang Non cave, according to the Thai navy SEAL group, which has a leading role in the rescue operation. The Associated Press reports that four ambulances were seen leaving the area near the cave entrance on Monday, with patients taken to waiting helicopters.
Teams of divers will attempt to get the remaining five people – four boys and their 25-year-old coach – out of the cave system on Tuesday, multiple local media outlets report.
Officials also hope the last phase of the operation goes faster. After the first rescue on Sunday took 11 hours, Monday's mission was finished in nine hours. At a news conference Monday night, Chiang Rai acting Gov. Narongsak Osattanakorn said the teams are hoping to complete the final extraction in four to five hours, according to Thai Public Broadcasting.
The network says Narongsak attributed the speed gains to "the increased experience with the terrain of the divers, the 100-plus people from different countries who installed the base line and the other support equipment."
It takes around 20 hours to set up all the equipment needed to mount the treacherous rescue attempts, TPB reports.
The retrieval of the first four boys — whose soccer team is known as the Wild Boars — brought cheers and optimism on Sunday, bolstering hopes that more of the boys can survive a complicated process that includes the use of multiple divers and a system of air tanks stashed along the escape route.
The boys, ranging in age from 11-16, have been trapped in the cave system since June 23, after heavy rains flooded the cave system. They entered the complex with their 25-year-old coach following a practice — and before a sudden heavy rainstorm hit. Authorities say they want to get them out now, given the looming threat of more rain and floods.
A deluge could overwhelm efforts to lower water levels in the caves — more than 32 million gallons of water were pumped out after the boys were found alive last Monday.
Giving an update on the four boys pulled from the cave Sunday, Narongsak said, according to the AP: "This morning, they said they were hungry and wanted to eat khao pad grapao" — a popular Thai rice dish of meat stir-fried with basil and chili peppers. He later clarified that the boys weren't up a meal like that just yet, as they continued to recover.
Hundreds of spectators and journalists have gathered in the area around the cave, hoping for news that the boys and their coach would emerge safely. The team's plight has been followed by people around the world.
The effort to save the boys and their coach has involved both foreign divers and members of an elite Thai navy unit. Days after the stranded team was found, a former diver in the Thai SEAL unit died after volunteering to enter the caves and place air tanks along the path.
WorldNPR News


text:
Blackwood (en inglés: Blackwood Precinct) es un distrito electoral ubicado en el condado de Hitchcock en el estado estadounidense de Nebraska. En el Censo de 2010 tenía una población de 58 habitantes y una densidad poblacional de 0,64 personas por km².

Geografía
Blackwood se encuentra ubicado en las coordenadas . Según la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos, Blackwood tiene una superficie total de 90.93 km², que corresponden a tierra firme.

Demografía
Según el censo de 2010, había 58 personas residiendo en Blackwood. La densidad de población era de 0,64 hab./km². De los 58 habitantes, Blackwood estaba compuesto por el 94.83% blancos y el 5.17% eran de otras razas. Del total de la población el 6.9% eran hispanos o latinos de cualquier raza.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Distritos electorales de Nebraska
Localidades del condado de Hitchcock

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text:
Michael Cousette - DC# 17-22-079326
Michael Cousette was murdered on Friday, September 22, 2017. At 12:00 a.m., Philadelphia Police Officers responded to the 1700 block of West Cumberland Street and learned that Michael had been shot and taken from the crime scene by a private vehicle. Michael was treated by medical personnel at Temple University Hospital, but he did not survive.
Tags: 22nd District
Brandon Vincent - DC# 17-35-077768
Brandon Vincent lost his life on Sunday, September 10, 2017. At 7:09 p.m., Philadelphia Police Officers responded to the 2100 block of Chelten Avenue and found Brandon lying in the street. Brandon was suffering from gunshot wounds to his head and his torso. Police transported Brandon to Albert Einstein Medical Center, where he died that evening.
Dyshon Samir Garner - DC# 17-15-082791
"Dyshon Garner was the youngest son of three boys. He was quiet around people he didn't know. Only people close to him were able to see the silly side of him. He loved music, his family and basketball. Music would be playing from the time he woke up until he went to bed. This led him to writing and rapping as his persona "ShizzyRaw." He had two children Saiir and Saniyah, who he praised after. He would be so excited by all the little things they did. He would be snapping and videoing to capture it all. To know Shon was to love him and his family love and miss him very much."
Khristian Scott - DC# 17-15-058971
Khristian Scott was shot on Wednesday, June 21, 2017. At 9:00 p.m., Philadelphia Police Officers responded to the 2000 block of Scattergood Street and found Khristian suffering from gunshot wounds to his chest. Police rushed Khristian to Aria-Torresdale Hospital, where he was admitted in critical condition. Unfortunately, Khristian died on Thursday, June 22, 2017.
Robert Gore - DC# 17-24-024954
Robert Gore was murdered on Saturday, March 18, 2017. At 6:44 p.m., Philadelphia Police Officers responded to the 3200 block of G. Street and found Robert suffering from a stab wound to the chest. Robert was transported to Temple University Hospital, but he did not survive.
Khayyan Fruster - DC# 17-15-003779
Khayyan Fruster lost his life on Friday, January 13, 2017. At 10:00 p.m., Philadelphia Police Officers responded to the 6600 block of Hegerman Street and found two shooting victims. Khayyan had suffered a gunshot wound to the back of the head. Unfortunately, he did not survive the injury.
Eric Robinson - DC# 17-15-003410
On Thursday, January 12, 2017, Philadelphia Police Officers responded to the 4500 block of Melrose Street and found Eric Robinson suffering from multiple gunshot wounds to the head and torso. Medical personnel arrive and pronounced Eric deceased at the scene.
Stefan Wood - DC# 16-26-046775
On Friday, September 16, 2016, at 3:50 p.m., Philadelphia Police Officers responded to the 2200 block of North Randolph Street and found several men attempting to place a shooting victim, Stefan Wood, into a vehicle. Police rushed Stefan to Temple University Hospital for treatment. Unfortunately, Stefan died from his wounds that afternoon.


The mail must arrive on time!
Your stint as a courier for the Pandora Postal Service was brief, but positively fraught with excitement. Future Pandoran couriers will point to your brief tenure and say, "How very excitement-fraught that courier's stint was. "Never," they will say "had there been a fraughtier period in the history of the service."


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La « Maison de l'Agneau Blanc » est une maison de style baroque située au numéro 42 de la rue du Marché aux Herbes à Bruxelles en Belgique, à quelques dizaines de mètres de la Grand-Place.

Historique
Jean De Broe, marchand de draps, conseiller et receveur de la ville de Bruxelles fit édifier cette maison en 1696, après la destruction du centre de Bruxelles lors du bombardement de la ville en août 1695 par les troupes françaises de Louis XIV commandées par le maréchal de Villeroy.

Selon un contrat passé le , Jean De Broe confia la réalisation des sculptures de la façade à Pierre Van Dievoet : « Pierre Van Dievoet, sculpteur, fera sur la façade de la maison dénommée l'Agneau Blanc deux bas-reliefs avec des enfants et un petit agneau au-dessus de la porte avec le petit Jésus et le petit saint Jean. Item, sur la pierre dessous le balcon, il sculptera selon son goût toute sculpture qu'il jugera bon. Item, en haut il fera quelque festons dans la frise, avec deux cartouches. Pour cela il recevra 80 florins et une culotte de velours ».

La « Maison de l'Agneau Blanc » était située non loin de l'habitation de Pierre Van Dievoet, qui demeurait dans la belle maison appelée « l'Aiguière d'Or », située également au Marché aux Herbes, en face de la Grande Boucherie.

Classement
L'ensemble des maisons occupant les  à 3 de la rue de la Fourche et les  à 50 de la rue du Marché aux Herbes font l'objet d'un classement en tant que monument depuis le 20 septembre 2001 sous la référence globale 2043-0546/0.

Architecture

La « Maison de l'Agneau Blanc », édifiée en pierre de taille, présente une façade composée de trois travées et de trois niveaux surmontés d'un élégant pignon baroque.

Le premier étage est percé d'une grande porte-fenêtre axiale à croisée de bois, précédée d'un balcon en fer forgé. Cette porte-fenêtre est flanquée de grandes fenêtres à croisée de bois dont les allèges sont ornées de bas-relief très abîmés représentent des enfants. Les baies du premier étage sont séparées par des pilastres surmontés de chapiteaux toscans dont le tailloir est orné d'une frise d'oves. Ces chapiteaux supportent un entablement à l'antique dont la frise est ornée de guirlandes de fleurs, de rinceaux, de couronnes de laurier et de flambeaux entrecroisés et renversés.

Les fenêtres à croisée de bois du second étage, plus petites, sont séparées par des pilastres à chapiteaux ioniques supportant un entablement orné d'une frise de denticules et d'une frise d'oves.

La façade est couronnée par un pignon à volutes à registre unique percé d'une baie surmonté d'un arc en anse de panier à clé et claveaux saillants. Cette baie est encadrée de pilastres supportant un entablement et un fronton triangulaire.

Ce pignon est encadré de volutes ornées chacune d'un motif ornemental mouluré appelé godron (motif d'ornementation en forme de cannelure en relief), d'une feuille de chêne et d'une patte griffue.

Décor sculpté

La maison présente un riche décor sculpté dû au ciseau de Pierre Van Dievoet.

Le rez-de-chaussée, défiguré par un commerce moderne, conserve encore, au-dessus de la devanture moderne, un bas-relief représentant Jésus et Jean-Baptiste enfants jouant avec un agneau blanc. Au-dessus de ce bas-relief, sur la face inférieure du balcon, un autre bas-relief représente un aigle sur fond de nuages, tenant une couronne de lauriers dans son bec et un cartel (cartouche) dans une patte.

Plus haut, de part et d'autre du balcon du premier étage, deux bas-reliefs très abîmés représentent des enfants : ces bas-reliefs sont à rapprocher de ceux qui ornent la façade de la « Maison du Heaume » sur la Grand-Place de Bruxelles, réalisés par Frans Huygelen pour remplacer les originaux de Van Dievoet.

Plus haut encore, l'entablement qui sépare le premier et le deuxième étage porte une frise ornée de guirlandes de fleurs, de rinceaux, de couronnes de laurier et de flambeaux entrecroisés et renversés.

Voici comment l'historien et archiviste de la ville de Bruxelles Guillaume Des Marez décrivait, au début du , ce décor sculpté : .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Paul-Eugène Claessens et Julien Cuypers, « Quand Bruxelles ravagée renaît plus belle sous les ailes de l'archange : le sculpteur Pierre Van Dievoet, son œuvre et sa famille », dans l'Intermédiaire des généalogistes, n° 121, Bruxelles, 1966, pp. 39-41.
 M. J. De Decker, « Relevé de l'Agneau Blanc », (deuxième prix partagé, S.C.A.B. concours annuel de relevés de 1924), dans, l'Émulation, Bruxelles, 1925, planche 8. (mentionne une vitrine modernisée qui a détruit une partie du bas-relief).
 Guillaume Des Marez, Guide illustré de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 1928, tome 1, pp. 65, 81, 82, 89, 90, 92, 112 et tome 11, p. 182.
 Guillaume Des Marez, « Les transformations de la ville de Bruxelles au  et les métiers de la construction », dans Études inédites, Bruxelles, 1936, p. 135.
 Alain Van Dievoet, « Question sur le sculpteur Pierre Van Dievoet », dans L'Intermédiaire des généalogistes, n° 147, Bruxelles, 1970, p. 185.
 Alain Van Dievoet, « Un disciple belge de Grinling Gibbons, le sculpteur Pierre Van Dievoet (1661-1729) et son œuvre à Londres et Bruxelles », dans Le Folklore brabançon, , n° 225, p.65 à 91.
 Alain Van Dievoet, « Généalogie de la famille van Dievoet originaire de Bruxelles, dite Vandive à Paris », dans Le Parchemin, éd. Office généalogique et héraldique de Belgique, Bruxelles, 1986, n° 245, p. 273 à 293.
Park-Mail, Magazine, "Un curieux contrat", Bruxelles, , n° 80, p 11. (Concerne l'Agneau Blanc).
 Paul Janssens, "Agneau blanc, magasin", dans : Dictionnaire d'Histoire de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 2013, p. 23.

Bâtiment à Bruxelles
Patrimoine du XVIIe siècle
Bruxelles, Maison de l'Agneau Blanc
agneaublanc
Patrimoine immobilier classé dans la Région bruxelloise


text:
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@Component({
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export class NotFoundComponent implements OnInit {
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I'm so excited for the opening of the Apartment 528 Store tomorrow! I've been working like crazy to get things ready.
Last week, I introduced you to David Paul Seymour. David's prints, cards, and reusable totes come in a variety of retro-inspired designs that make you feel like you've taken a trip back in time. Now, it's time to show you two new designers - Joom, and Diffraction Fiber.
I first wrote about Joom last spring. Joom brings her love of birds to all her designs. Her Bird on a Cherry Blossom pillow was just right for giving your apartment a new look. Now you can find Joom's pillows, pouches, and stationary in the Apt528 Store. With all the color choices, you're bound to find something to match your style.
Looking for a way to add some action to your life? Check out Diffraction Fiber and their super fun creations. The Diffraction Fiber action pillows are sure to bring out your inner superhero. When it's time to take off the cape and get back to work, DF is there again with fun mousepads to get your creative juices flowing.
Keep on the lookout the month of September for product giveaways and make sure to check out the Apartment 528 Store tomorrow.
And by the way, I got married this weekend so get ready for tons of pictures and wedding-themed posts!
What?! You didn't tell us ahead of time that this was the big weekend (or did I just miss that post)? Congrats to you guys, I am so happy for you! I can't wait to hear more about it. And when do we get pics of the new shop?
We actually didn't tell anyone about the wedding except the people who came and some of our family. We had a small, retro-themed, 30 person ceremony and had the reception at a 1950's bowling alley. It was a blast!
Pics of the shop will be up tomorrow...stay tuned!!


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Getting sick in Singapore can be very expensive, especially if you opt for private hospitals.
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text:
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
// <copyright file="Default.cs" company="Hyperar">
//     Copyright (c) Hyperar. All rights reserved.
// </copyright>
// <author>Matías Ezequiel Sánchez</author>
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace Hyperar.HattrickUltimate.BusinessLogic.Chpp.Strategy.FileAnalysis
{
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using BusinessLogic.Chpp.Interface;
    using BusinessObjects.Hattrick.Interface;
    using Hyperar.HattrickUltimate.BusinessObjects;

    /// <summary>
    /// Default File Analysis Strategy.
    /// </summary>
    public class Default : IFileAnalysisStrategy
    {
        #region Public Methods

        /// <summary>
        /// Analyses the specified entity.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="entity">Entity to analyze.</param>
        /// <param name="downloadSettings">Download Settings.</param>
        /// <returns>Additional Files Tasks list.</returns>
        public List<ChppFile> Analyze(IXmlEntity entity, DownloadSettings downloadSettings)
        {
            return null;
        }

        #endregion Public Methods
    }
}


text:
Rent A street Cat named Bob (2016)
Release Date: Nov 18, 2016
MPAA Ratings:
Genre: Biography, Comedy, Drama, Family
A street Cat named Bob Synopsis:
A Street Cat Named Bob is an American comedy film based on a novel of the same name written by James Bowen. The film tells the tale of an unexpected friendship between a man and his cat. Luke Treadaway plays a homeless man who has given up on his life. While struggling with his addictions, he comes across an orange cat. The encounter changes his life forever as he pets the cat and names him Bob. Bob then helps him recover from his addictions and see his life in a whole new optimistic way.
A street Cat named Bob, 8.0 out of 10 based on 2 ratings
Rent / Buy A street Cat named Bob Movie Online
A street Cat named Bob is available for rent online at CinemaGuys.com. Buy A street Cat named Bob DVD and DVD rental online here.
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Release Date: Sep 12, 2019 Genre: Action, Drama, Sport Runtime: 164 min