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Knox County ILGenWeb
From the 1886 Portrait and Biographical Album of Knox County, Biographical Publishing Company, Chicago, page 198. [Contributed by Pat Thomas.]
William A. Yates, an old and respected citizen of Ontario Township, is a bright and pleasing example of a successful farmer. His home is located on section 22. He is the son of John Yates, a farmer, and a native of the State of Virginia. He was of Irish descent and his marriage with Nancy Shields, who was of the same ancestry, took place in that State, and they began life in Berkly County, in which their son, William A., was born March 12, 1814. He was about eight years of age when his parents came to Delaware, Ohio, where they passed the remaining years of life. Mr. Yates was the oldest son of a family of eight children. He remained under the family roof up until the time of his marriage with Mary Finley, Nov. 9, 1848. She died at her home in Ontario Township, June 16, 1859. She was born on a farm in Delaware County, Ohio. Her parents were native Virginians. She was the mother of five children, as follows: Emily, deceased; John, Elizabeth, Mary and Margaret. The latter is deceased.
Mr. Yates, on first coming to this State, remained but a few months and then returned to Ohio. Coming West the second time, he settled in Knox County, and went back to bring his wife to his new home. He purchased land in Ontario Township, consisting of 160 acres. He afterward purchased 20 acres in Sparta Township, and 16 in Henderson Township. In 1855, he purchased the farm which is his present home. He now has 160 acres of land in a high state of cultivation.
Mr. Yates married Miss Marcia Gaston for his second wife, in Delaware County, Ohio. She was born in Delaware County, Ohio, June 14, 1830, and in that section was reared and educated. Her parents lived on a farm, and her father, James Gaston, was of Scotch origin, and her mother, Lois (Jones) Gaston, a native of the State of New Hampshire. They established a home in Delaware County, where they lived out their remaining years. The grandfather of Mrs. Yates, on her mother's side, was Solomon Jones, a noble old warrior and an officer in the Revolutionary War.
The union of Mr. and Mrs. Yates, of this notice, has been blessed with two children: Nancy C., who lives with her parents; and Electa, a most successful and popular teacher. They are both Presbyterians in belief. Mr. Yates has held many of the minor offices, and is one of the most enterprising citizens of the township. He is a solid Republican and takes a lively interest in politics and affairs of State.
From the 1886 Portrait and Biographical Album of Knox County, Biographical Publishing Company, Chicago, page 250 and 255
Robert Young is a farmer whose home is situated on section 30, Persifer Township, and whose name and history are identified with the pioneers of this section, as he came here in 1844, from Warren County, Ohio, and passed that winter in Knoxville. In the spring of 1845 he came to this township and settled on section 30, thus laying the foundation for his present prosperous and desirable home. With him to attempt was to succeed, and though his beginning was comparatively humble, being endowed with a large degree of energy and pertinacity of purpose he has gained beyond his highest expectations, the largest degree of success. This may be awarded that mead of prosperity which is the reward of industry and perseverance.
Mr. Young was born in Warren County, Ohio, 10 March 1821, and moderate advantages were granted him in an educational way, he attended the common school receiving a fair degree of mental cultivation. His parents were Jacob and Elizabeth Young, the former, a native of Germany, and the latter an American, and a native of Philadelphia. Most of their lives were passed in Warren County, Ohio, where the father died in 1853. After a short period, succeeding his death, the mother came to Knox County to live with her children, but was spared to them only a brief time, dying in Abingdon, in 1859.
Mr. Young, of this writing, has engaged actively in agricultural pursuits and stock-raising. His landed possessions are extensive and desirable, including 380 acres of land, 260 of which are tillable. His "Barns are filled with plenty" and his land is beneficiently productive. He lived in his native county until the year 1844, at which time he came to Knox County. He was united in marriage with Mary F. Johnston, who was born in that county on 5 June 1826. She was the daughter of Edward C. and Hannah (Rusling) Johnston. They came to Knox County in the fall of 1844, and settled in Knoxville, in which city they departed this life, the father dying in 1851 and the mother in 1882.
The family circle of Mr. and Mrs. Young has been enlarged by the admission of seven children, but three childish faces have been taken away. The four children who survive are Edward J., Hannah E., John R., and Robert L., and those gone before are Clarisa, Jeanette and Ella. A summary of the principal events of the living are given: Edward J. is a farmer, residing in Knox County, Hannah is the wife of E.M. Collins, whose home is in Persifer Township. John R. follows agricultural pursuits in Persifer Township and is extremely successful in his chosen field of labor. Robert L. still remains under the parental roof.
Mr. Young has held many of the minor offices in his township and is treasurer of the Farmers' Mutual Fire and Life Insurance Company. Both himself and his worthy wife are respected and esteemed throughout the community, and aid by their presence and support, all noble and good enterprises calculated to forward and advance the interests of their fellow men. They are members of the Methodist Church, in which organization they are prominent factor. Politically he is a Republican.


Our wellness programs are designed to promote and maintain healthier living by combining conventional medicine with alternative medicine concepts. Our Wellness team will develop and personalize a program just for you that may include acupuncture, nutrition counseling, fitness classes, meditation, yoga and more.
While many of the services require a physician's referral, several programs extend beyond traditional insurance models allowing for an individualized care plan.
Call the Center for Orthopedics & Wellness today to speak to a coordinator or learn more: 530.539.6620.


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Name brand vs generic drugs: what's actually the difference? | Well+Good
Medicine Prices Are Sky High—but Is It Always a Good Idea to Go Generic?
Allie Flinn
Photo: Stocksy/Kaat Zoetekouw
Let's face it: Medicine has never been more expensive in the U.S. than it is right now. The AIDS medication Daraprim jumped from roughly $13 per pill to $750 per pill in 2015, and the life-saving EpiPen now costs $600 per two doses (and the manufacturer is being sued over it). The problem has gotten so intense that Congress passed two bills in October aimed at making drug pricing more transparent up-front.
Of course, the tried-and-true advice for saving $$ on meds: Shop generic when you can. Generic drugs (as in, the acetaminophen to your Tylenol) generally cost about 80 to 85 percent less than their name-brand counterparts, according to the FDA. But when it comes to your health, is going generic the equivalent to buying a knock-off designer bag: looks the same, costs less, but is made with inferior materials?
Not quite. "Many people assume that brand-name medications are 'better' because they cost more, and because of brand recognition," says Michael Grosso, MD, chief medical officer at Huntington Hospital. But, he adds, there are a lot of people out there who are all about generic drugs. And for good reason: "Federal oversight by the FDA has increased at all levels of manufacturing of generic drugs," says Alan Mensch MD, FACP, FCCP, the senior VP of medical affairs at Plainview & Syosset Hospitals—making the drugs safe and generally just as effective as name-brand ones (no cheap leather or shoddy stitching here). "More than 80 percent of the drugs purchased in the United States are now generics," he adds.
But as for truly understanding the diff between name brand vs generic drugs (beyond the price tag)...well, that's when things get a little bit more complex.
Is there really a difference?
It depends on what you're looking at. In terms of active ingredients, the FDA mandates that generic drugs contain the identical active ingredient as the brand name counterpart, Dr. Mensch says. They also are supposed to have the same strength and dosage as the brand-name version as well as the same "route of administration" (meaning that if the name-brand drug is a pill you take orally once a day, the generic must also be a pill that's taken orally once a day). The goal is to ensure that generics work practically the same as their brand-name counterparts.
But like how In-N-Out will never just hand out their animal sauce recipe, these name-brand companies aren't about to release the exact formula for their drugs. (Ya know, because capitalism—those formulas are valuable.) This means that the filler ingredients in the generic version of the drug may be different, Dr. Mensch says. But those filler ingredients—mostly things like colors, flavoring, and inactive ingredients—shouldn't affect performance, he adds, so it's not usually a huge deal that they're a little different than what's in the name-brand drug.
"Generics are subject to the same FDA oversight as brand name medications, and the same standards of potency and purity." —Michael Brosso, MD
"The FDA also requires that generic medications are manufactured with the same strict standards as their brand name counterpart," says Dr. Mensch. "The FDA conducts more than 3500 inspections of manufacturing plants to ensure generic drugs are bioequivalent." (Bioequivalent = when two drugs have the same result.) Meaning that generic treatments are just as legit and safe as the brand-name versions.
And in case you had any remaining hesitation: "Generics are subject to the same FDA oversight as brand name medications, and the same standards of potency and purity," says Dr. Grosso. Studies back this up.
So then if they're the same thing...why are generics literally 80 percent cheaper? Basically, they don't have to repeat all the expensive clinical trials that name brand drugs had to do, according to the FDA (so it costs less to make them). Their existence also helps drive competition in the market, making all drugs a bit cheaper since there are more options to choose from.
Are there any instances where you shouldn't choose generic medication?
"Occasionally, there are slight differences in drug delivery, especially for long-acting preparations," Dr. Grosso explains. "This can make a difference for a small minority of medications, but the prescribing physician will specify the brand-name drug when this is a consideration." An example of this would be some ADHD medications, but again, this is not super common.
To ensure you don't get gouged at the pharmacy check-out, always ask your doctor if there are any generics available for a drug they prescribe you—especially since some insurance companies can be a little iffy about covering name-brand drugs when a generic is available.
Generally, physicians like Dr. Grosso and Dr. Mensch will recommend generic medications to their patients because they are just as effective as brand name, and they'll save you a lot of money. So yeah, there's officially no shame in using the Target version of Tylenol.
Speaking of drugs, are psychedelics about to replace your depression medication? And here are the things you need to ask your doctor before starting a new mental health medication.
Tags: Healthy Body

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Since 2007, hundreds of thousands of feet have stepped across the threshold of Billy Graham's childhood home, a , now located on the grounds of the in Charlotte, North Carolina.
But few know the full story of how the house ended up there.
For the twists and turns of that saga, you need to talk to Mel Graham.
Mel is Billy Graham's nephew. Like his famous Uncle Billy, Mel has fond memories of growing up on the Graham Brothers Dairy Farm off Park Road in Charlotte.
A Charlotte-area developer and Chairman of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association's Executive Committee Board, who has served on the board for over a decade, Mel is full of fascinating and funny anecdotes about growing up in the Graham family.
Like the story of how he took apart and reassembled the family home … twice.
In the early 1980s, as Charlotte's city sprawl reached the farmland once considered the outskirts of town, the Graham family decided to sell what was left of the dairy farm, including the old, brick Colonial.
Mel was an impetuous young man who was interested in the construction business. He had recently lost his grandmother, "Mother Graham," and couldn't stand the thought of losing her house, a place filled with nostalgia.
Mel didn't hesitate to ask if he could have the house instead. The answer: yes—but with a big catch. He had to figure out how to move it, and quickly.
It didn't take long for him to realize that moving the house in one piece was not an option. It was too tall, even without the roof. After exhausting every other possibility, he decided there was only one way to save his grandmother's home: take it apart brick by brick and put it back together somewhere else.
Mel had just completed meticulous plans for the nearly impossible project when the developer suddenly changed his mind.
He had received a last-minute offer from PTL, an organization with a massive campus just south of Charlotte. Instead of staying in the family, the old farmhouse was to be moved to the religious theme park in South Carolina.
"So it put me out to pasture, to use farming terms," Mel recalled with a laugh. Of course, he wasn't laughing back then.
"But as only God could do, about two or three weeks after that happened, PTL ended up calling me," he said.
The organization was at a loss as to how to move the house. In an ironic twist, PTL had to hire Mel Graham to move it for them. It was the last thing Mel wanted to do, but he refused to allow the home to be destroyed.
So, dismantling the house piece by piece, he reluctantly moved the whole thing to Fort Mill, S.C.
"And then again, as only God could orchestrate things, after PTL fell and collapsed, I was able to stay in touch with the new owners, first-generation Christians from Malaysia," Mel said. He implored them to please let him know if they ever wanted to sell the house.
It took about 25 years, but Mel got the phone call he had been waiting for.
There was just one issue: he didn't have a place to put it. That is, until plans for the Billy Graham Library began to take shape. Mel couldn't wait to talk to his cousin, Franklin Graham.
The Billy Graham Library opened in the spring of 2007, and it doesn't just tell the story of Billy Graham; it tells the life-changing story of Jesus Christ.
Thousands of people have found peace with God while visiting the campus, which is designed to highlight Mr. Graham's beginnings on a North Carolina dairy farm.
Today, guests from around the world can walk through the old, brick Colonial perfectly situated on the property, right where it belongs.


Holy Family Catholic Church can easily accommodate weddings of up to 250 people and has reception facilities as well.
Holy Family Catholic Church can easily accommodate weddings of up to 250 people and has reception facilities as well. Please contact the church office for more information.
Planning a wedding can be challenging, and we want to make it as simple as possible! Our goal is to create a place where Fernie brides can connect with local wedding vendors and get the information they need to plan the wedding of their dreams!


Nintendo has made a questionable call with Metroid: Samus Returns & its Amiibo figures. 2v1 attempts to determine whether they've crossed the line of withholding content or if it really is a non-issue.
LawBreakers is back in beta as it nears final release, Overwatch's new character, Doomfist, isn't great according to Josh. Alex gets to play with his New Nintendo 2DS XL and continue loving the Castlevania series. Nick is mad at The End is Nigh (again). Josh adores Pyre.
Also discussed: Gamestop & its lack of games, Splatoon 2, Battlegrounds, Tell Tale games and Berserk.


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Adam Fitch
Georgia steps
PerspectiveGeorgia steps
connector & plaza
Schemaconnector & plaza
Dunsmuir viaduct now and future
SectionDunsmuir viaduct now and future
recreational greenways around the world
Reference Imagerecreational greenways around the world
This concept maintains traffic capacity while affordably enhancing connectivity. The viaducts are re-purposed, the Dunsmuir for cars and commuter cyclists, the Georgia for pedestrians and recreational cyclists. Connecting directly to Vancouver's main ceremonial route, the Georgia Greenway's design improves on the Highline and the Promenade Plantee, by providing dedicated spaces for vendors, artists and buskers. A new eastern plaza provides improved connections to downtown, Chinatown and the False Creek Flats.
Re-purpose the Dunsmuir Viaduct as a two way vehicular connector. The commuter bike-way is relocated from the road surface to a new separated bike-way structure, attached to the north side of the viaduct, and the structure is modestly widened, to accommodate two travel lanes in each direction. This reduces total eastbound capacity of the viaducts from 3 vehicle lanes to 2, while maintaining the current westbound capacity of 2 vehicle lanes. A short new viaduct segment carries eastbound traffic from the Georgia Viaduct to a new signalized intersection with the Dunsmuir Viaduct, just east of Rogers Arena.
Re-purpose the Georgia Viaduct as a walkway and recreational cycling route, with a design similar to New York City's Highline Park or Paris's Promenade Plantee. In addition to planting areas, water features and viewing points, the well ¬landscaped Georgia Greenway provides dedicated spaces for food and craft vendors, artists and buskers. At the west end of the Greenway, the Georgia Steps connect Georgia Street, Vancouver's main ceremonial route, to Pacific Boulevard and False Creek. At the east end of the Greenway, a new pedestrian plaza provides a separate route for pedestrians and cyclists, giving them priority over vehicular traffic.
East of Rogers Arena, short widenings to the Dunsmuir Viaduct allow pullout areas and vehicle access to two prime development sites at the viaduct level. Since they enhance the accessibility and value of these sites, developers will construct these features at their own expense. Just west of Gore Street, a new four-way intersection is established at grade-level. A new road leads south from this point, providing a new principal access point to the False Creek Flats. For pedestrians and cyclists, the new plaza above the intersection provides strong visual connections between downtown, Chinatown, the False Creek Flats and Main Street.


Pad: A warm, ambient synth pad. Raising the mod wheel opens the cutoff filter and gives the pad a full, string like sound.
Lead: A bright mono lead synth with a bright attack, long reverb, and dotted 1/8 note delay. Playing legato will activate a long glide between notes. Playing staccato will play without glide.


Got into Laos at last. Third time lucky. The roads are good, but they have a nasty habit of climbing every hill in sight. Nothing but tiny villages until Sam Neua, where there is a bank, market and a few guesthouses. But I am in a hurry so I press on, and camp by the side of the road in the jungle.


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Wuppo, 'Definitive Edition' for Windows PC Available September 5th
The quirky adventure game Wuppo gets a Definitive Edition on Steam (Windows PC). This improved version releases on September 5th. Players who already own the game will automatically get the Definitive Edition as an update. Wuppo currently has 95% positive reviews on Steam and was the number one most-loved, hidden gem according to an article by PCgamer. The fun game lets players take on the role of a Wum looking for a new home, embarking on a bizarre journey through a charming world full of weird creatures, puzzles, bosses and political chaos.
An even more wondrous world
The definitive edition has received significant improvements and extra features that make for a more adventurous journey through an even more charming world. The game has a complete new co-op mode and extra bosses. Furthermore, the definitive edition received various audio-visual improvements. New quests have been added, as well as new tools to help players explore the vibrant world. The game also got numerous tweaks and assets that strongly improve the overall gaming experience of Wuppo.
The hidden gem of Steam
Since its original release, the adventure game has been very positively received. With over 95% positive reviews, PCgamer also quoted Wuppo as 'the most overlooked "hidden gem" on Steam'. The game has also been nominated for the Best Game and Best Narrative 2017 awards by BIG festival, the Best Game Design and Gamekings (audience choice) 2017 awards by Dutch Game Awards and the Best Art, Best Audio and Best Game Design 2017 awards by BIC fest. Wuppo is one of those games that needs to be discovered.
The Walking Dead: The Telltale Definitive Series, Digital editions pre-order Skybound Games announced that The Walking Dead: The Telltale Definitive Series, a comprehensive bundle of all four seasons of the acclaimed game series, is available to pre-order digitally. The Walking Dead: The Telltale Definitive Series will be available as a...
DYNASTY WARRIORS 8 Xtreme Legends Definitive Edition, Nintendo Switch version arrives KOEI TECMO America announced that DYNASTY WARRIORS 8: Xtreme Legends Definitive Edition is now available for the first time digitally on the Nintendo SwitchTM through Nintendo's eShop. This new compilation combines the original DYNASTY WARRIORS 8 with DYNASTY WARRIORS 8:...
DYNASTY WARRIORS 8 Xtreme Legends Definitive Edition, Nintendo Switch Video KOEI TECMO America announced that DYNASTY WARRIORS 8: Xtreme Legends Definitive Edition is now available for the first time digitally on the Nintendo Switch. This new compilation combines the original DYNASTY WARRIORS 8 with DYNASTY WARRIORS 8: Xtreme Legends; and...
Wuppo: PS4 Gameplay Trailer Wuppo: PS4 Gameplay Trailer Wuppo is coming to PlayStation September 4, 2017!...
Wuppo, 2D action adventure game Wuppo has been praised for its cute art style, humorous gameplay and the unique combination of genres. Players take control of an exiled 'Wum' who is looking for a new home in a bizarre but charming world, filled with strange creatures,...
BDSM: Big Drunk Satanic Massacre coming to Windows PC in September Hell's Bells! Satan's domain is going to get scorching hot this September with the impending release of BDSM: Big Drunk Satanic Massacre from developer and publisher Big Way Games. It's time for take-no-prisoners all-out mayhem featuring Lou, Satan's beloved son,...
Shadow of the Tomb Raider, launches on Xbox One X, PS4 and Windows PC – September 14, 2018 Square Enix® announced Shadow of the Tomb Raider™ will be available in six months for the Xbox One family of devices including Xbox One X, PlayStation®4 computer entertainment system and Windows PC/Steam®. All platforms will launch simultaneously on September 14,...
Valhalla Hills – Definitive Edition In Valhalla Hills – Definitive Edition, you are Leko – youngest son of Odin, exiled to Midgard by your father for failing to meet his expectations. More interested in building villages than pillaging them, you now find yourself far from...
Hyrule Warriors: Definitive Edition First Trailer Hyrule Warriors: Definitive Edition First Trailer Cut down enemy hordes as Legend of Zelda™ characters – in full 1080p TV mode – or in two-player on one system! Link and Zelda can battle in costumes from the Legend of Zelda:...
ReCore Definitive Edition – Gamescom 2017 – Xbox 4K Trailer ReCore Definitive Edition – Gamescom 2017 – Xbox 4K Trailer Presenting ReCore, The Definitive Edition – an XBOX ONE & WINDOWS 10 EXCLUSIVE – Available August 29th 2017. From legendary creator Keiji Inafune and the makers of Metroid Prime comes...


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Marital traditions in the Islamic world
Marriage first, love later?
The number of arranged marriages in the Middle East and North Africa is decreasing. Matrimony between cousins is still widespread, but matches of this kind now account for at most a quarter of all weddings. A growing number of young people find their partners without mediation; marriage for love is their ideal. By Martina Sabra
She has a good university degree, works as a well-paid manager, owns a car: Kenza (all names have been changed) is a 32-year-old Moroccan and proud of her career and financial independence. Although she could have bought her own apartment long ago, she still lives with her parents. "I get on brilliantly with my mom and dad," she explains. "I see no reason to move out until I marry."
Kenza has recently become engaged. She and her fiance met at a seminar and became closer chatting on Facebook. "We talked a lot and then we clicked – outside Facebook," the young woman says with a smile.
Kenza has fulfilled her dream of a romantic love match, but conventions still matter. Her husband is Muslim, of course. She could not marry a non-Muslim under Moroccan law; there is no system of civil marriage. To get engaged, Kenza needed her parents′ consent. The families observed the traditional introduction rituals: there were reciprocal visits by mothers and aunts and discreet checks on the prospective in-laws′ reputation. Whatever Kenza′s parents thought of their daughter marrying for love, they did want to make sure the candidate had the right educational background, financial prospects and good manners.
The approval of her parents, especially her father, means a lot to Kenza. Thanks to a reform of family law in 2004, Moroccan women are allowed to marry without the written consent of their fathers or other male guardians. "I approve of this law because, after all, I′m a grown woman and can stand up for myself. But I could not imagine marrying someone my parents objected to," Kenza says.
Blending modernity with tradition
Kenza′s attitude is a refreshing mix of modern and traditional views and values. It contrasts with many stereotyped perceptions in the West (El Feki: "Sex and the Citadel", 2013). The role of women and the way gender relations are organised have been moulding the West′s and the Arab region′s perceptions of each other since the 19th century. Arabs developed a sense of moral superiority from what they saw as the depravity of western women, whose desire for emancipation undermines family values. Europeans, in turn, feel superior too. They are prone to declare the entire Arab region to be backward and obsess about wearing veils and the suppression of Muslim women.
Shereen El Feki′s book breaks taboos: Shereen El Feki spent five years talking to men and women in Arab countries, especially those in Egypt, about sexuality and sexual matters. El Feki provides her readers with a critical, yet overwhelmingly optimistic overall picture, one which certainly undermines the widespread western image of Islam as prudish and uptight, supplyng surprising new insights on an evolving Arab world
Both perceptions are socially constructed and they have been shaping collective perceptions for a long time. The western view of societies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is currently being marked by media reports on sexual violence against women perpetrated by the terrorist militia IS and by forced marriages. According to UNICEF, the number of married women under 18 has indeed gone up among the Syrian refugees in Jordan. The share is now 30 %, while it was only 13 % in Syria before the war. This trend is a result of strife and displacement. Families believe their daughters are safer with husbands. Traditional social networks and control mechanisms do not work in refugee camps and the situation of people on the run is mostly precarious. To protect the honour of a daughter and the family, girls are married off fast once they reach puberty.
It deserves emphasis that teenage marriage rates among Syrian refugees are not typical of Arab countries, even though western media focus on these figures. Stereotyped views, moreover, are reinforced by spectacular cases such as that of Amina Filali, a 16-year-old Moroccan rape victim who committed suicide after a court decided she should marry the man who raped her. Individual cases like this fuel the prejudice that child marriage is the norm in the Arab region and all Arab men treat their wives as prisoners or slaves. That perception is extremely exaggerated.
Religious justification for child marriage
It is true, however, that a patriarchal mentality and discriminatory legislation limit the freedom and options of women and girls in nearly every Arab country – with the exception of Tunisia. Strictly conservative Muslim scholars contend that women and men become adults when they reach sexual maturity in the physical sense (menstruation or ejaculation) and thus also have the mental maturity for marriage. This pronouncement provides the theological and ideological justification for girls as young as nine to be married in Sudan, Saudi Arabia and Yemen, three especially conservative countries.
Shereen El Feki's ''Sex and the Citadel':' Exploring a sexual minefieldLove in Egypt: "Does love as it is here exist in Europe?"Interview with Joumana Haddad: "Eroticism is the pulse of life"
Gender, Muslim women, Sexism and violence against women, Sexuality and eroticism in Islam, Women in the Islamic world
Political analyst Taqadum al-Khatib argues that Egypt can, in co-ordination with its European partners, develop a common vision to solve the complex conflict in Libya. For this to ...More
Arab Spring 2.0
The Middle East's fearless protesters
The upheavals of the past year in the MENA region are arguably as momentous as those of the Arab Spring in 2011. Yet perhaps the biggest difference is that our interest seems to ...More
Book review: Tawfiq al-Hakim's "Return of the Spirit"
Awaiting the day of resurrection
In 2019, the long-running Penguin Classics series released its first novel translated from Arabic: Tawfiq al-Hakim's "Return of the Spirit", conveyed into English by William ...More
Sisi's raids on the press
Egypt's Mada Masr – "We're not going to shut up"
Raids on Egypt's last independent news outlet, Mada Masr, have left its staff shaken but defiant. Reporters are working under "increasingly hostile" circumstances in Cairo, ...More
Interview with Lebanese writer Amin Maalouf
Petrodollars proved stronger in the Middle East than cultural tradition
Decades of oil exports have completely destabilised culture and politics in the Middle East. Speaking with Lena Bopp, the renowned writer Amin Maalouf says that the distorted ...More
Martina Sabra
Egypt, Gulf Region, Maghreb, Mashriq


Luke Montagu, aka Viscount Hinchingbrooke, will one day become the Earl of Sandwich. He, his wife Julie and their four children (top) live in their ancestral home (left) at Mapperton in Dorset, named by Country Life as the finest manor house in England.
Those who don't know Luke may think at this point that he must have an idyllic life. It may well have been so, if it weren't for the suffering caused by crippling withdrawal symptoms from medication that he should never have been prescribed in the first place.
"How antidepressants ruined my life" is the headline above an article written by Julia Llewellyn Smith (right), which appeared in yesterday's edition of the Times Magazine. The article describes in detail the terrible ordeal that Luke has endured for more than half his life.
When he was first prescribed antidepressants at the age of 19, Luke was not depressed and had never been diagnosed with depression. He was a student at Columbia University in New York City, and had recently undergone a general anaesthetic for a sinus operation that left him with headaches and feeling "not myself". Without carrying out any tests, a British GP announced that he had a "chemical imbalance of the limbic system" and prescribed Prozac (Fluoxetine). Luke, "impressionable and in awe of doctors", swallowed the tablets unquestioningly.
On a couple of occasions, Luke had tried to quit, but always felt so bad that he quickly resumed the drugs. He said, "I thought it was because I needed the medication; now I understand that it was because I was going into withdrawal each time I tried to come off the drugs. But the doctors never spotted that.
At the end of 2008, however, Luke, by then 38, resolved that enough was enough. He was on a new antidepressant, Effexor (Venlafaxine), that made him feel wired. To counteract this, he had been prescribed Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine, but they made him forgetful. He decided to start the new year clean.
At the time, he was seeing Dr Mark Collins (left), a psychiatrist at the Priory Hospital in South West London.
As Luke was to learn later, Dr Collins had made a dreadful mistake: long-term users of "benzos" need to taper off over months, or even years. Over the next few days, Luke experienced a "tidal wave of horrific symptoms".
Initially, he couldn't walk. "I couldn't co-ordinate my body or judge distances, I didn't know how far things were away from me. There was this incredibly loud ringing in my ears. I couldn't see – everything was blurry and I was having flashback after flashback of distant memories, things dredged up from years gone by. I was crying for no reason, sobbing hysterically.
His business needed him, but he couldn't function, and he realised that he could no longer work. For the next three years, Luke was stuck at home in agonising physical and mental pain. Horrified by the risk of additional drug harm, he decided to wean himself very slowly from the Effexor, leaving him with severe burning nerve pains, like pins and needles, all over his body, that continue to this day.
As he slowly began to feel better, Luke poured his energies into fighting back. Knowing his experiences would be dismissed as anecdotal, he joined with various credible medics and co-founded CEP, the Council for Evidence-based Psychiatry, which gathers evidence of the harm caused by psychiatric drugs in order to lobby politicians and medical bodies. To give others hope, he uploaded short films of recovery stories to the website. They have become a popular resource.
Luke continued: "Psychiatry is a corrupt and dishonest business: it treats so-called illnesses that don't exist with drugs that don't cure and can cause great harm. And once you have been harmed, it then diagnoses further illness and prescribes yet more drugs.
Luke eventually sued Dr Collins for the rapid withdrawal and long-term mis-prescribing of Clonazepam, which led to a £1.35m ($2.1m) out of court settlement.
The article concludes with the information that a CEP conference, More Harm Than Good: Confronting the Psychiatric Medication Epidemic takes place in London on September 18th. Although Luke (below) and I have exchanged occasional emails since the launch of the CEP last year, I have not yet had the pleasure of meeting him. AntiDepAware will be repesented at the conference.
I too have a story to tell. Of horrors past and still current.
So scaringly similar. Nearly two decades taken from a life.
This story rings so true. 4 years off Seroxat and in Hell everyday. I was put on it for panic attacks and left on it for 13 years. I'm not the same person. I pray literally every night I'll get better. I never had the symptoms I have now. I'm convinced it's permanent brain and nervous system damage.
My husband was taken off an antidepressant very quickly some 4 years ago. Within a month or so, severe withdrawal symptoms set in and he has gone through hell. Our doctor washed his hands of him after prescribing 4 different antidepressants in 6 months, one after the other. We paid to see a physchologist and saw him for almost a year. By now he was experiencing anxiety which he still has to this day.
He has missed so much, can't face going out socially and has frightening thoughts in his head. It has totally ruined our lives. He is 74 and does not have a lot of time on his side. We were not made aware of the fact that he should have only been on the antidepressants for a short time.
Me too. I am still suffering the hell of Lorazepam withdrawal, and my doctor offered me an SSRI to come off them. I said no, as eventually I would have to come off those because who knows what damage they do, fuelled by pharmaceutical companies. I feel they just leave one in limbo with no help and support and my poor husband of 80 is having to be put through this also. I am 70. I feel we are all due compensation for major injustice. Can anyone help me with this? I feel life is not worth living.


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'Fantastic Beasts And Where to Find Them': why the amazing New York sets were mostly built in Watford
By Mark Salisbury2016-12-23T08:24:00+00:00
Legendary Harry Potter production designer Stuart Craig tells us how he built the world of Fantastic Beasts.
Production designer Stuart Craig could have been forgiven for thinking he was done with JK Rowling's world of wizardry after eight Harry Potter films in 10 years.
But the now 74-year-old UK industry veteran could not refuse when the script for Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them presented an opportunity to return to that magical universe.
Set in 1926 New York, as opposed to contemporary England, Fantastic Beasts, which began rolling out across most major territories in mid-November and has already grossed more than $725m worldwide, represented a new playground.
"My first thought was, 'Oh my God, how am I going to do this?'" recalls the three-time Oscar winner (and 10-time nominee) of reading Rowling's first-draft screenplay.
"All [the Harry Potter] scripts are extremely demanding and scary at the outset and you don't have an idea in your head. There's always a new challenge, and the challenge was how to make 1926 New York when you couldn't possibly go to New York and shut roads and take over buildings."
As with every film, Craig began by researching the period in depth.
Then, six months before shooting, along with director David Yates, producer David Heyman and visual-effects supervisors Christian Manz and Tim Burke, he visited New York to determine whether it was feasible to shoot any of the film there. They swiftly realised it would be near impossible, given they would need to "get rid of all modernity and signs and street furniture".
Slice of the Big Apple
Craig ended up building his own version of period New York - or a sizeable part of it - on the backlot at Warner Bros Studios Leavesden near Watford.
Copyright 2016 Warner Bros. Ent. All Rights Reserved, Harry Potter and Fantastic Beasts Publishing Rights Copyright JKR
The result was not only the largest set Craig has created for Rowling's universe, but the largest he has built to date.
Measuring 800ft by 500ft (roughly eight acres), it incorporated several distinct sections of the city as required by the script.
"We needed areas of New York with quite specific characters," recalls Craig, who designed the set as a composite, with whole sections able to be redressed by changing shop frontage and signage, as well as the ability to drop in greenscreens to mask off buildings and areas.
As with the Harry Potter series, Craig was determined to ground the world of Fantastic Beasts in as much reality as possible.
"It makes the magic all the more powerful when it grows out of something that is seemingly real and familiar," he says. "If it were in any way fake, then the whole thing falls apart; nothing has any credibility and the magic doesn't work."
The New York exteriors took 16 weeks to build and had to withstand four months of main unit shooting.
"It was a big challenge," says Craig.
"The sheer volume of it was quite scary. We wanted 20 weeks to build that set and ended up with about 16, so it was a phenomenal effort to get there in time. We had a team of extraordinary craftsmen, which obviously helped. Our construction team were certainly up for it."
The final design was T-shaped, with the top of the T housing all the moneyed, institutional buildings including a bank and department store exterior.
This was later revamped as the stretch of Broadway, and, again, to create part of Times Square's iconic theatre district.
Moving south from the top of the T, the buildings were less institutional in design, with the cast-iron detailing, classical columns and cornices of TriBeCa, before being revamped as the Diamond District.
At the stem of the T was the Lower East Side's tenement district.
Initially Craig had wanted to build to a height of four-to-five storeys, or around 70ft, but the cost was too prohibitive. The compromise was two storeys, around 30ft. The remainder of the buildings, from the second storey up, was created digitally.
VFX were also used to extend the set sideways, replicating Manhattan's famed canyon avenues.
Alongside digital technology, Craig employed more traditional techniques, such as those used to create the marble walls and floors of the bank interior. Coloured oil paint was added to tanks of water, the liquid swirling but not mixing. Paper was then dropped in, transferring to it a veined marble effect.
Another stunning, sizeable set was that of the Magical Congress of the United States (MACUSA), the US equivalent of Harry Potter's Ministry of Magic.
While it was Rowling's idea that MACUSA would be housed inside the Woolworth Building at 233 Broadway - which, when completed in 1905, was the tallest skyscraper in the world at 750ft - it was Craig who decided to hollow it out by removing all the interior floors.
"The Ministry of Magic was all subterranean and all glazed ceramic tiles," he says.
"How to be different and fresh [with MACUSA] was the challenge, and what I decided was the basement floors were where the work is done, the first floor is a general thoroughfare, a big concourse, and above that were no floors. So you were looking at the interior of a huge cathedral-like shell of a building. It led to what I think was a pretty strong image."
A permanent legacy
In a career spanning 50 years, Craig has worked on everything from Gandhi to Greystoke, Dangerous Liaisons to The English Patient, Memphis Belle to Notting Hill.
But it is for his work on the Harry Potter series that he will likely be best remembered, and not just because of the films themselves. Craig's work has transferred to theme parks, as part of The Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Studios resorts in Florida, Hollywood and Japan.
"It is an odd experience because film sets traditionally stand for as little as a few days, a couple of weeks, maybe a couple of months, and then are demolished and the space needed for something else," Craig reflects.
"So to have something that's all but permanent is a unique experience.
"Theme parks work on a principle that things are going to have to last 25 years. A lot of effort went into making them pretty good. But in rubbing against the real world, our wings were clipped a bit. Dealing with architects telling us, 'We cannot do this, it doesn't meet the building code,' the discipline was very, very different."
In addition, a large number of Craig's original Harry Potter sets are on permanent display as part of the Warner Bros Studio Tour at Leavesden, where the Fantastic Beasts New York set is still standing - although whether it will be part of the next film in the new franchise remains to be seen.
When Craig started work on Fantastic Beasts, it was planned to be the first of three new films; now it is five. Craig is already at work on the as-yet-untitled sequel, but is not sure he will be involved for the long haul.
"I am 74, going on 75 years old," he reflects.
"It's been a joy from the very beginning and it began 16 years ago [with Harry Potter And The Philosopher's Stone]. But the day will come when I have to take a back seat."
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text:
Loustau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

César Loustau (1926–2011), Uruguayan architect and architectural historian
Félix Loustau (1922–2003), Argentine footballer
Juan Carlos Loustau (born 1947), Argentine football referee
Ludovic Loustau (born 1973), French rugby union player
Patricio Loustau (born 1975), Argentine football referee

See also
Maurice Loustau-Lalanne, Seychelles politician

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Sandy's family moved to Napa in 1948 when she was only months old, and once she completed her studies in the San Francisco Bay Area, she returned to the community. She worked first in a private school, then in a juvenile hall, and then one fateful day she was recruited to New Vintage High School in the Napa Valley as a special education teacher.
Sandy's dedication to her students meant that she often was one of their strongest and most vocal advocates. For example, the Department of Education once decreed that all students— even the most severely handicapped—be tested in general education subjects, which, Sandy says, "for the most part, had little or no rela- tion to what we were teaching. The test was so inappropriate that one of my students actually ate it rather than try to attempt the impossible. I took the chewed up mess, along with a detailed critique that included ways to make it work, and sent it to the California State Department of Education." The following year, Sandy was invited to serve on the committee responsible for rewriting the testing policy.


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An Annotated Refutation of President George W. Bush's September 23 Address Before the United Nations
"Events during the past two years have set before us the clearest of divides: Between those who seek order and those who spread chaos; between those who work for peaceful change and those who adopt the methods of gangsters; between those who honor the rights of man and those who deliberately take the lives of men and women and children, without mercy or shame."
This is an ironic statement from a man who defied basic principles of international law and rebuked those who called for peaceful alternatives.
Afghanistan's president, who is here today, now represents a free people who are building a decent and just society, a nation fully joined in the war against terror.
The people of Kabul, which is virtually the only part of Afghanistan under the firm control of President Hamid Karsai, are relatively free as compared with their lives under the Taliban regime. However, most of the rest of the country has fallen into chaos, as war lords, ethnic militias and opium magnates battle for control. This has led to a resurgence of the Taliban and their Al-Qaeda allies in parts of Afghanistan.
The regime of Saddam Hussein cultivated ties to terror while it built weapons of mass destruction. It used those weapons in acts of mass murder and refused to account for them when confronted by the world. The Security Council was right to be alarmed.
Unfortunately, much of the Security Council was not alarmed when Saddam Hussein engaged in mass murder through the use of chemical weapons, in large part because the United States and other great powers were at that time backing his regime. Nor was the Iraqi regime seriously confronted for such atrocities, in large part because the U.S. government falsely claimed that it was the Iranians — then the preferred enemy — who were responsibly for the infamous Halabja massacre and similar attacks. Indeed, throughout much of the 1980s, the United States, along with other advanced industrialized nations, provided the dictator with much of the raw materials and technology needed for his WMD programs.
The Security Council was right to demand that Iraq destroy its illegal weapons and prove that it had done so. The Security Council was right to vow serious consequences if Iraq refused to comply. And because there were consequences, because a coalition of nations acted to defend the peace and the credibility of the United Nations.
This is incredibly misleading on several counts:
First of all, the Security Council never specified the consequences and never authorized any member states to enforce alleged Iraqi non-compliance through military means.
Secondly, once Iraq allowed inspectors back into the country in November, released its accounting of proscribed items (which UNMOVIC chairman Hans Blix now says was probably accurate), and acceded to UNMOVIC's demands regarding surveillance flights, interviews, etc. there is reason to believe that Iraq was actually in compliance of UN Security Council resolutions for at least several weeks prior to the U.S. invasion.
Thirdly, since when is one country invading another an act of "defending the peace?"
Fourthly, the United States has done more than any country — including Iraq — to damage the credibility of the United Nations: 1) over the past thirty years, the United States has used its veto power more times than all other members of the Security Council combined during that same period; 2) Iraq was hardly the only country in alleged defiance of UN Security Council resolutions: over ninety UN Security Council resolutions are currently being violated, but the United States has blocked enforcement of most of them since they usually involved a strategic ally (for example, Morocco, Israel and Turkey each are in violation of more Security Council resolutions than was Iraq at the height of its defiance); 3) the invasion of Iraq itself was a flagrant violation of the United Nations Charter.
"Iraq is free, and today we are joined by representatives of a liberated country."
Though Iraq is free from Saddam's dictatorial regime, it is still not free. The country is under foreign military occupation. The Iraqi "representatives" at the United Nations during President Bush"s speech were hand-picked by the U.S. occupiers.
"Saddam Hussein's monuments have been removed and not only his statues. The true monuments of his rule and his character, the torture chambers and the rape rooms and the prison cells for innocent children, are closed. And as we discover the killing fields and mass graves of Iraq, the true scale of Saddam's cruelty is being revealed."
Actually, the scale of Saddam's cruelty was fairly well-known by human rights activists for quite a few years, revealed in reports by Amnesty International and other reputable human rights groups as far back as the 1980s. During this period — the height of Saddam's repression — the United States was quietly backing the regime. It was the United Nations that was largely responsible for curbing the worst of the regime's human rights abuses. These included unprecedented efforts by the Security Council, including the use of Chapter VII, to impose strict limits on the Iraqi government's ability to mobilize its forces within its internationally-recognized borders and to establish a large autonomous zone within Iraq for the country's Kurdish minority. In addition, the UN Security Council's imposition of a total ban on imports of military and police hardware dramatically lessened Saddam's ability to engage in mass murder more than a decade prior to the U.S. invasion.
"The Iraqi people are meeting hardships and challenges, like every nation that has set out on the path of democracy. Yet their future promises lives of dignity and freedom and that is a world away from the squalid, vicious tyranny they have known. Across Iraq, life is being improved by liberty."
The primary hardships for the Iraqi people stem not from any democratic transition, but from the lack of basic services, the breakdown of law and order, severe damage to the civilian infrastructure, massive unemployment, and related hardships resulting from the U.S. invasion and its aftermath. Unfortunately, despite the ouster of a brutal dictatorship, the majority of Iraqis believe that their quality of life has not improved as a result of the U.S. invasion, but has actually deteriorated.
"Across the Middle East, people are safer because an unstable aggressor has been removed from power."
In reality, Saddam Hussein's ability to engage in acts of aggression had been neutralized some years prior to his ouster as a result of losses in the 1991 Gulf War and the destruction of his weapons of mass destruction, delivery systems, and other offensive weaponry under the UN inspections regimes that followed.
"Across the world, nations are more secure because an ally of terror has fallen."
According to the CIA and the State Department, Iraqi support for international terrorism peaked during the 1980s, a time when the U.S. government actually dropped Iraq from its list of states sponsoring terrorism. (Iraq was put back on the list when it invaded Kuwait in August 1990 despite lack of any evidence of increased terrorist activity.) Subsequent to 1993, most credible analyses both in and out of the U.S. government of state-sponsored terrorism reveal that Iraqi support for international terrorism was relatively minor and indirect and far less than that of a number of other Middle Eastern countries, including U.S. allies like Saudi Arabia. Today, however, due to the country"s great instability and because — like Afghanistan under Soviet occupation in the 1980s — U.S.-occupied Iraq has become a magnet for extremists from throughout the region, nations are actually less secure from the threat of terrorism arising out of Iraq than they were prior to the U.S. invasion.
"Our actions in Afghanistan and Iraq were supported by many governments, and America is grateful to each one. "
The initial U.S. military response in Afghanistan was indeed supported by many governments, though it lessened as the United States took sides in the country"s civil war and civilian casualties from unnecessarily heavy high-altitude bombing increased. By contrast, very few governments supported the U.S. invasion of Iraq. Most of those that did support the invasion did so contrary to preferences of the vast majority of their populations; a number of poor countries were subjected to promises of increased aid and trading privileges in exchange for their support and threatened with loss of such vital transactions for their refusal.
"I also recognize that some of the sovereign nations of this assembly disagreed with our actions. Yet there was, and there remains, unity among us on the fundamental principles and objectives of the United Nations. We are dedicated to the defense of our collective security, and to the advance of human rights."
In reality, there is enormous disagreement between the United States and most other nations in the United Nations regarding the role of the world body. Most nations see the UN as a quasi-legislative body based on certain clear legal structures designed to build an international consensus for the promotion of collective security against aggression and to seek non-military means of conflict resolution. By contrast, the Bush Administration has essentially demanded that the UN be used to advance its foreign policy agenda. Unfortunately, many if not most of the UN member states violate basic human rights and the Bush Administration supports some of the world's worst human rights abusers.
"These permanent commitments call us to great work in the world, work we must do together. So let us move forward."
In practice, this appears to mean "do what we say." (This attitude is not new to the Bush Administration, however: recall that President Bill Clinton's ambassador to the UN and Secretary of State Madeleine Albright stated, also in reference to Iraq, that the United States "will act multilaterally when we can and unilaterally when we must.")
"First, we must stand with the people of Afghanistan and Iraq as they build free and stable countries. The terrorists and their allies fear and fight this progress above all, because free people embrace hope over resentment, and choose peace over violence."
Afghanistan is far from stable and the United States has opposed strengthening the international peacekeeping forces to extend their operations beyond Kabul. Iraq is not only unstable as well, but as long as the U.S. maintains its occupation, the United Nations will have a hard time standing with the people of Iraq. A bigger question is this: Has the U.S. invasion and occupation created an environment where the people of Iraq feel free, embrace hope and choose peace? Or, has it created a situation where people feel they are under foreign military occupation and thereby embrace resentment and violence?
"In the nation of Iraq, the United Nations is carrying out vital and effective work every day. By the end of 2004, more than 90 percent of Iraqi children under age five will have been immunized against preventable diseases such as polio, tuberculosis, and measles thanks to the hard work and high ideals of UNICEF."
This figure would be comparable to childhood immunization rates in Iraq prior to the U.S.-led Gulf War in 1991 and subsequent sanctions that largely destroyed the country's public health system.
"Iraq's food distribution system is operational, delivering nearly a half-million tons of food per month, thanks to the skill and expertise of the World Food Program."
The World Food Program has also reported that malnutrition is much higher now than it was prior to the U.S. invasion.
"Our international coalition in Iraq is meeting its responsibilities."
First of all, given that the United States is providing 85% of the personnel and an even higher percentage of the financial costs, it can hardly be called a "coalition." More to the point, the United States has failed miserably in living up to its obligations as an occupying power under the Fourth Geneva Conventions in such areas as providing basic security and public services.
"We are conducting precision raids against terrorists and holdouts of the former regime."
Unfortunately, there has been tragically little precision in quite a few cases, resulting in widespread civilian casualties. In addition, an increasing number of targets of the raids are neither terrorists nor holdouts of the former regime, but non-Baathist nationalists who are fighting U.S. occupation forces, not civilians. As tragic as every death of an American soldier may be, international law makes a clear distinction between terrorism (which targets innocent civilians and is always a war crime) and armed attacks against uniformed soldiers of a foreign occupying army (which is considered a legitimate form of warfare.)
"These killers are at war with the Iraqi people."
Actually, far more Iraqi civilians have been killed by U.S. occupation forces.
"They have made Iraq the central front in the war on terror and they will be defeated."
In reality, only a tiny percentage of the armed attacks have been directed at civilian non-combatants and therefore considered acts of terrorism. Furthermore, "the central front in the war on terror" should be directed toward Al-Qaeda, which really does present a serious threat, rather than Iraqis who would probably stop fighting once U.S. occupation forces got out of their country. Finally, given the steady increase in anti-American violence and indications that a growing percentage of the attacks are coming from non-Baathist nationalists rather than the remnants of Saddam's regime or foreign terrorist cells, it will not be defeated very easily.
"Our coalition has made sure that Iraq's former dictator will never again use weapons of mass destruction".
It is becoming increasingly apparent that Saddam Hussein did not have any weapons of mass destruction for at least five to eight years prior to the U.S. invasion. He last used such weapons (in the form of deadly chemical agents) in 1988, a full fifteen years before the U.S. invasion. It was the UN inspections regime, not the U.S. invasion, that eliminated his WMD programs. Similarly, it was the UN-imposed embargo, not the U.S. invasion, that denied the regime access to needed technologies and raw materials to rebuild such programs in the future. In other words, the U.S. "coalition" had nothing to do with eliminating the possibility of the former Iraqi dictator using weapons of mass destruction as he did during the 1980s.
"We are now interviewing Iraqi citizens and analyzing records of the old regime, to reveal the full extent of its weapons programs and long campaign of deception."
So far, both the records of the old regime and interviews with Iraqis involved with WMD programs appear to indicate that the weapons programs were terminated and the proscribed weapons and delivery systems destroyed or otherwise rendered inoperable by the mid-1990s.
"We are training Iraqi police, border guards, and a new army, so that the Iraqi people can assume full responsibility for their own security."
As long as the United States remains the occupying power, these police, border guards and new army will have little credibility among large segments of the Iraqi population. Until they do, the situation on the ground will remain highly unstable.
"At the same time, our coalition is helping to improve the daily lives of the Iraqi people. The old regime built palaces while letting schools decay, so we are rebuilding more than a thousand schools."
Iraq actually had one of the best education systems in the Third World prior to the U.S.-led bombing campaign during the 1991 Gulf War and subsequent sanctions.
"The old regime starved hospitals of resources, so we have helped to supply and reopen hospitals across Iraq."
As virtually any development worker — whether with the United Nations or with any number of non-governmental organizations — in Iraq during the past dozen years will testify, it was the U.S.-led sanctions that starved hospitals of resources.
"The old regime built up armies and weapons, while allowing the nation's infrastructure to crumble. So we are rehabilitating power plants, water and sanitation facilities, bridges, and airports."
First of all, thanks to its enormous oil wealth (as well as exports and loans from the United States and other countries), Saddam Hussein's regime during the 1980s was able to provide both guns and butter — developing an over-sized military while building power plants, water and sanitation facilities, bridges, and airports. By contrast, Iraqi military spending during the 1990s was widely estimated to be only about one-tenth of its previous levels. Meanwhile, the heavy U.S. bombing during the 1991 Gulf War was largely responsible for the destruction of Iraq's power plants, water and sanitation facilities, bridges, and airports and the U.S.-led sanctions that followed made it almost impossible for Iraq to import the parts needed to rebuild them. Finally, it is important to note that the Bush Administration — with bipartisan support in Congress — is itself busy building up armies and weapons while allowing our own nation's infrastructure to crumble.
"I have proposed to Congress that the United States provide additional funding for our work in Iraq, the greatest financial commitment of its kind since the Marshall Plan. Having helped to liberate Iraq, we will honor our pledges to Iraq."
The financial commitment to Iraq does not come anywhere close in real dollars to the Marshall Plan and is actually quite paltry compared to what the administration has been willing to spend to bomb, invade, and occupy the country. In addition, there has not been a clear accounting of the funding earmarked for reconstruction work and much of that money has gone to politically well-connected U.S. corporations that gained exclusive contracts through non-competitive bidding. Additional billions of dollars have gone to bribe foreign governments to commit token numbers of soldiers to make up for insufficient manpower from the U.S. military and to make the U.S. occupation look like a broad coalition.
"And by helping the Iraqi people build a stable and peaceful country, we will make our own countries more secure."
Iraq is actually far less stable and peaceful than it was prior to the U.S. invasion and occupation and the enormous anti-American resentment that has sprung up in the Islamic world as a result increases the risks of deadly terrorist attacks.
"The primary goal of our coalition in Iraq is self-government for the people of Iraq, reached by orderly and democratic means. This process must unfold according to the needs of Iraqis, neither hurried nor delayed by the wishes of other parties."
If this was really the primary goal, then why doesn't the United States end the occupation and turn interim administration over to the United Nations, as was done with East Timor between the withdrawal of Indonesian occupation forces in 2000 and the country's independence two years later? A number of UN agencies have extensive experiences in recent years with successfully transitioning war-ravaged states to orderly and democratic self-governance; the U.S. military does not.
"And the United Nations can contribute greatly to the cause of Iraqi self-government. America is working with friends and allies on a new Security Council resolution, which will expand the UN's role in Iraq. As in the aftermath of other conflicts, the United Nations should assist in developing a constitution, training civil servants, and conducting free and fair elections."
A careful reading of the U.S.-sponsored resolution reveals that it essentially forces much of the financial and logistical burdens of overseeing the post-war, post-sanctions and post-dictatorship transition upon the United Nations while leaving the United States primarily responsible for shaping the military, political and economic future of the country. As part of a UN Trusteeship, UN workers would be more likely to build cooperative relationships with the Iraqi people. As simply a part of a U.S. occupation, however — as would be the case under the U.S. draft — they would just become additional targets of an increasingly restive population.
"Iraq now has a Governing Council, the first truly representative institution in that country. Iraq's new leaders are showing the openness and tolerance that democracy requires, and also showing courage."
The Governing Council is representative only in the sense that its members are drawn from a diverse segment of Iraq's ethnic and religious mosaic; they are not necessarily representative of the political will of the majority of the population. Their perceived openness and tolerance may stem largely from the knowledge that they are serving only at the pleasure of the U.S. occupation authority. Their courage stems from the recognition that they are seen by many Iraqis as collaborators and therefore fear they could suffer from the same fate as has befallen collaborators with military occupations in other countries throughout history.
"Yet every young democracy needs the help of friends. Now the nation of Iraq needs and deserves our aid, and all nations of good will should step forward and provide that support."
Countries throughout the world have expressed a willingness to provide large-scale aid and assistance in the form of security, technical expertise, money and logistics as long as the country is under a UN trusteeship, not an American military occupation.
"The success of a free Iraq will be watched and noted throughout the region. Millions will see that freedom, equality, and material progress are possible at the heart of the Middle East. Leaders in the region will face the clearest evidence that free institutions and open societies are the only path to long-term national success and dignity."
This is ironic statement from the government that is the world's primary economic, diplomatic and military backer of autocratic leaders throughout the Middle East. Since coming to office, the Bush Administration has actually increased military and economic assistance to dictatorial regimes that deny their people free institutions and open societies.
"And a transformed Middle East would benefit the entire world, by undermining the ideologies that export violence to other lands."
Then why not encourage such a transformation by first ending U.S. support for the dictatorships in Saudi Arabia and Egypt — long considered America"s two most important Arab allies — that not only deny their people the political freedom that President Bush claims to support, but have (not coincidentally) produced most of Al-Qaeda"s members and leadership.
"Iraq as a dictatorship had great power to destabilize the Middle East."
It did during the 1980s, when the U.S. was supporting it. Subsequent to Iraq"s defeat in the 1991 Gulf War, however, after its military capacity was largely destroyed and they were no longer able to import the necessary weapons, technology and raw materials from advanced industrialized countries, the Iraqi dictatorship was barely a shell of its once formidable military prowess.
"Iraq as a democracy will have great power to inspire the Middle East. The advance of democratic institutions in Iraq is setting an example that others, including the Palestinian people, would be wise to follow."
The primary obstacle to Palestinian democracy is the Israeli occupation — armed and financed by the United States — which denies the Palestinians their right to self-determination and their ability to create and sustain their own democratic institutions.
"The Palestinian cause is betrayed by leaders who cling to power by feeding old hatreds, and destroying the good work of others."
Actually, Palestinian public opinion is more militant than most of the Palestinian Authority"s leadership, which has called for resuming negotiations and implementing the road map that would lead to a Palestinian state encompassing the now-occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip alongside a secure Israel with a shared co-capital of Jerusalem. While some demagogues — particularly among radical Islamic groups — are indeed exacerbating the conflict, the violence from the Palestinian side stems less from "old hatreds" as it does from the very current and ongoing occupation and colonization of their land and the ongoing repression and harassment of their people.
"The Palestinian people deserve their own state, committed to reform, to fighting terror, and to building peace."
Then why is the United States spending billions of dollars, vetoing UN Security Council resolutions, and shipping massive amounts of armaments to enable Israel to maintain the very occupation that prevents the Palestinians from establishing a viable state? In addition, thus far President Bush has shown no indication that his vision of a Palestinian "state" is anything more than right-wing Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon"s plans to offer the Palestinians a bare 40% of the occupied territories (less than 10% of historic Palestine), subdivided into a series of non-contiguous cantons surrounded by Israel.
"A second challenge we must confront together is the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Outlaw regimes that possess nuclear, chemical and biological weapons — and the means to deliver them — would be able to use blackmail and create chaos in entire regions. "We are determined to keep the world's most destructive weapons away from all our shores, and out of the hands of our common enemies. Because proliferators will use any route or channel that is open to them, we need the broadest possible cooperation to stop them. Today I ask the UN Security Council to adopt a new anti-proliferation resolution. This resolution should call on all members of the UN to criminalize the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction; to enact strict export controls consistent with international standards; and to secure any and all sensitive materials within their own borders."
It is noteworthy how the United States exempts itself and such Southwest Asian allies as Israel and Pakistan from anti-proliferation resolutions while focusing solely on governments it doesn"t like. It is also revealing that the Bush Administration has rejected calls from Middle Eastern nations — ranging from allies like Jordan to adversaries like Syria — for the establishment of a weapons of mass destruction-free zone for all of the Middle East, comparable to treaties that already exist in Latin America and the South Pacific. It is also worth noting that the United States has also been notoriously lax in its own export controls of dual-use technologies.
""There is another humanitarian crisis, spreading and yet hidden from view. Each year, an estimated eight to nine hundred thousand human beings are bought, sold, or forced across the world's borders. Among them are hundreds of thousands of teenage girls, and others as young as five, who fall victim to the sex trade. This commerce in human life generates billions of dollars each year, much of which is used to finance organized crime. There is a special evil in the abuse and exploitation of the most innocent and vulnerable. The victims of sex trade see little of life before they see the very worst of life, an underworld of brutality and lonely fear. Those who create these victims, and profit from their suffering, must be severely punished. Those who patronize this industry debase themselves and deepen the misery of others. And governments that tolerate this trade are tolerating a form of slavery."
Most development organizations and advocates for Third World women recognize that the sex trade and other human trafficking has grown most dramatically in countries where traditional economies have collapsed as a result of neo-liberal economic policies imposed by U.S.-backed international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund. The selling of one"s daughter or oneself becomes a matter of survival. Shifting to a development policy that emphasizes sustainable development and grassroots economic initiatives (such as micro-lending programs) will do far more to lessen this human tragedy than relying on law enforcement alone.
"As an original signer of the UN charter, the United States of America is committed to the United Nations. And we show that commitment by working to fulfill the UN's stated purposes, and give meaning to its ideals."
Then why did the United States violate the UN Charter by invading a sovereign member nation?
"The founding documents of the United Nations and the founding documents of America stand in the same tradition. Both assert that human beings should never be reduced to objects of power or commerce, because their dignity is inherent."
This is an excellent summation of why the policies of the Bush Administration are subject to growing opposition both at home and abroad.
"Both recognize a moral law that stands above men and nations which must be defended and enforced by men and nations. And both point the way to peace, the peace that comes when all are free. We secure that peace with our courage, and we must show that courage together."
Indeed, individuals and nations must demonstrate enormous courage and struggle nonviolently against the policies of what is being seen increasingly as a rogue superpower whose quest for domination so seriously threatens the rule of law, basic moral principles, human freedom and any hope for real peace and security
Tags: Bush Annotation, Iraq War
Bush Speeches--annotated


text:
News Release 1-Oct-2019
Earthquake in the cell
Scientists discover how a modification of the nuclear lamina maintains nuclear shape
Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics
image: Various nuclear shape abnormalities such as micronuclei and nuclear blebs both close to the main nucleus. Nuclear shape abnormalities can lead to a severe impact on genomic DNA integrity. view more
Credit: © MPI of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Adam Karoutas
The genetic material of each mammalian cell is safeguarded within the nucleus. In healthy organisms, the usually round-shaped nucleus gets its stability from the nuclear envelope and the nuclear lamina. The latter is a network of proteins sandwiched between the inner nuclear envelope and the DNA and largely shapes nuclear form.
Nuclear shape abnormalities are frequently observed in human diseases like cancer. Specifically, nuclear abnormalities called micronuclei (small nuclear structures in proximity to the main nucleus) and nuclear blebs (protrusions of the main nucleus) can lead to a severe impact on genomic DNA integrity (see Fig. 2). These abnormalities have historically been used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for several cancers, such as breast cancer. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms behind their formation are not fully understood.
Absence of MOF causes a stochastic loss of nuclear shape
In their latest study, the lab of Max Planck director Asifa Akhtar discovered a spontaneous accumulation of micronuclei and nuclear blebs in primary cells after the loss of the epigenetic regulatory enzyme called MOF. This well-characterized enzyme facilitates the accessibility of genetic material by modifying histones, which are the proteins on which the DNA is wrapped around within the nucleus. "MOF deposits acetyl-groups on the histones. This opens the chromatin, the packaging of the DNA, and enables gene activity and thus the encoding of proteins. We wondered what could be the link between the classical epigenetic regulator MOF and the abnormal nuclear blebs and micronuclei," explains Asifa Akhtar.
To investigate this question, her team, led by PhD student Adam Karoutas, performed an unbiased identification of the full spectrum of proteins which are acetylated by MOF in the cell. Their analysis revealed that MOF targets not only histone proteins but also the nuclear lamina protein Lamin A/C. Furthermore, the team identified the MOF associated NSL complex responsible for Lamin A/C acetylation. Lamin A/C is one of the building blocks of the mesh-structured nuclear lamina that acts as a viscoelastic shell for the nucleus. The study revealed that loss of Lamin A/C acetylation results in softened nuclei that are prone to mechanical pressure and eventually to breaking. Nuclear blebs and micronuclei are far more likely to be formed under these conditions.
Genomic breakdown in the nucleus
"These nuclear blebs and segregated micronuclei pose a risk to the integrity of cell's genetic material. When we sequenced the genomic DNA of the primary cells that lack MOF, we found a battle ground," says Adam Karoutas, the first author of the publication.
The researchers saw that nuclear architecture collapse shreds parts of the cell's chromosomes while other parts remain completely untouched. Segments of individual chromosomes were broken at many points and reassembled incorrectly. Whole parts were missing, while others were duplicated or reincorporated in the wrong orientation. Scientists and clinicians use the term "chromothripsis" (chromo for chromosome and thripsis is Greek for shattering) to describe this genomic disaster. "Such fatal events are associated with congenital diseases and occur in 20-30% of highly aggressive cancers. However, for the first time, we were able to observe chromothripsis in primary cells that lack only MOF," says Adam Karoutas.
The desperate attempt of the cell's DNA repair mechanisms to reassemble the fragments and repair the damage leads to mutations that eventually cause cell division and cell death to get out of control. In an attempt to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon, the researchers investigated the epigenetic landscape of the nuclear abnormalities. To their surprise, they found that it was totally different in nuclear blebs and micronuclei compared to their adjacent main nuclei.
An epigenetic mechanism on damage control
"While the main nuclei presented an equilibrium of regions of "loosely packed" and "tightly packed" DNA termed euchromatin and heterochromatin respectively, we observed that DNA within micronuclei and nuclear blebs was mainly in the heterochromatin state. This tighter and denser packed form of DNA is thought principally to suppress gene activity," says Adam Karoutas.
The scientists termed this newly observed phenomenon as Heterochromatin Enrichment in Nuclear Abnormalities (HENA). Just like HENA decorating a hand, histone modifications were covering the DNA within nuclear abnormalities. "Most strikingly, HENA seems to have an impact on gene transcription. It shuts down the process by which DNA is used as a template to make RNA. Thus, genes which are "trapped" within nuclear abnormalities and are potentially damaged, are simply switched off rather than being expressed. We suggest that HENA may play a protective role in cells that accumulate nuclear abnormalities and could become carcinogenic," explains Asifa Akhtar.
Preventing the road to catastrophe
The scientists hope that future work will determine the role played by the epigenetic mechanism HENA in diseases associated with nuclear abnormalities, such as cancer or upon ageing. Another promising line of research is the pharmacological alteration of Lamin A/C acetylation. "We tested histone deacetylase inhibitors. These are epigenetic drugs already used in cancer therapy. They function by increasing overall protein acetylation. In our first trials in mammalian cells, we observed an increase of Lamin A/C acetylation that rescued nuclear abnormalities compared to cells lacking MOF," says Adam Karoutas. "How MOF-dependent Lamin A/C acetylation is regulated in living organisms is not understood. Thus, a complete characterization of this discovery in mouse models in different tissues or upon ageing would be the next logical step and provides an exciting possibility of unraveling the therapeutic potential in future." says Asifa Akhtar.
Nature Cell Biology
Marcus Rockoff
presse@ie-freiburg.mpg.de
Office: 0049-761-5108 x368
/Life sciences/Molecular biology/Molecular genetics/Epigenetics
/Life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular physiology/Cell morphology/Cell structure/Organelles/Cell nuclei/Micronuclei
/Life sciences/Biochemistry/Biomolecules/Proteins/Lamins
Nuclear Shape Abnormalities
https://www.mpg.de/13948544/1001-immu-110988-earthquake-in-the-cell


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text:
Senior Senator won the Cheshire Bowl in a Maryland Hunt Cup preview
UNIONVILLE, Pa.--Irvin Crawford's Senior Senator won the Cheshire Bowl Open Timber race at Mr. Stewart's Cheshire Foxhounds Point-to-
Plantation Field owner Cuyler Walker and Senior Senator's trainer Joe Davies in the Winner's CirclePoint Races at Plantation Field on March 31over a new course that received rave reviews.
Trained by Joe Davies and ridden by Eric Poretz, Senior Senator won over a small but elite field of contenders in a mini preview of the Maryland Hunt Cup.
Stewart Strawbridge's Kings Apollo, trained by Sanna Neilson and ridden by Gerard Galligan, was second, Ann Jackson's Raven's Choice, who won the Hunt Cup in 2015, and who was trained by Todd Wyatt and ridden by Paul O'Neill, was third and Irvin Naylor's Ardrahan (GB), trained by Kathy Neilson and ridden by Eddie Keating, was fourth.
At Cheshire, aside from Davies' win, the day belonged to the Neilsons, with Kathy Neilson winning three of the five races, and her sister Sanna winning the fourth.
Senior Senator has won the Hunt Cup twice and his connections are hoping to retire the trophy with a third win on the final weekend in April.
He first won the Hunt Cup in 2016, then fell in 2017 and, although at first he was thought to be okay because he got up and ran back to the barn, a later assessment showed he had broken bones in his neck.
Surgery at New Bolton Center, Davies' good care and months of stall rest had him completely recovered, and, amazingly, he won again in 2018.
"THIS WAS Senior Senator's first race this year," said Davies. "This was the fifth year in a row he's run at Cheshire in the Cheshire Bowl. He was second the first year to Grinding Speed and then he won the next four."
"He's entered at Elkridge-Harford next Saturday, but right now the course is under water from the second fence to the second to last fence," said Davies. "I like to go there because it's our hometown course, plus it's a good prep for the Grand National. The we're hoping to go to the Grand National and then the Hunt Cup, but it's one day at a time with him. He's a challenge."
After his first race at Cheshire, Davies described Senior Senator as "The craziest horse that ever looked through a bridle," and that assessment hasn't changed much.
In the beginning, Senior Senator, who has claustrophobia among other problems, couldn't be taken to the paddock ,but with a lot of work Davies does now take him into the paddock, but he is far from easy.
"There was a moment in the paddock when he got temporarily disconnected from his handlers," said Davies. "He gives us a fright every time he leaves the barn."
The entire layout for Cheshire was revamped this year.
There was paid parking on top of the hill, and the whole steeplechase course ran through the field below fronted by Route 82 and finished on an uphill run towards the end of the ring on top of the field.
The paddock was moved from that ring down to a spot close to van parking, making it much more convenient for trainers.
The winner's circle was near the finish line, and a nearby tent with food and drinks was open to owners, trainers, riders and subscribers
"The new course is terrific," said Davies. "I loved the new placement of the paddock and scales. The straight up-and-down 3'6" post and rails were a nice change from the more eventing type fences on some courses, and the horses jumped terrific. I loved the uphill finish."
SANNA NEILSON saddled Charles C. Fenwick's recently acquired Royal Ruse to win the Miles Valentine Novice Timber under Gerard Galligan over Irvin Naylor's Jack Slade (Ire), trained by sister Kathy and ridden by Eddie Keating, with Armata Stable Some Response, trained by Davies and ridden by Poretz, who had led at times by as much as 40 lengths, finishing third.
Royal Ruse last won a maiden claiming race over hurdles for trainer Jonathan Sheppard at Montpelier last November in his second start over hurdles after running on the flat at Presque Isle.
Awesome Adrian's trainer Kathy Neilson, owner Nancy Reed and rider Eddie Keating in the Winner's CircleKathy Neilson saddled the first of her three winners in the Amateur Apprentice Rider Timber race, Nancy J. Reed's Awesome Adrian, ridden by Keating.
Peter and Sarah Jay's Prime Prospector, trained by Wyatt and ridden by O'Neill was second and Frank Bonsal's Stand Down (Ire), trained by Davies and ridden by Poretz, was third.
"I've had Awesome Adrian since he was 1-year-old," said Kathy. "He's going to My Lady's Manor next."
The Kathee Rengert Memorial Flat race was the first race after the Cheshire Bowl, and it was won by Reed's Handsome Hoyt, trained by Kathy and ridden by Keating.
Lawn Ranger, owned and trained by Sanna and ridden by her son Parker Hendriks, was second and Second Encore, trained by Davies and ridden by his son Teddy was third.
"Handsome Hoyt, 8, and Awesome Adrian, 6, are full brothers, both bred by Mrs. Reed," said Kathy.
Kathy's third win, with Sycamore Run and Move Up Stables' Pured It, in the Jill Fanning Memorial was particularly gratifying as Pured it was ridden by her daughter Skyler.
"That was Skylar's first win in open company," said Kathy.
"It was exciting," said Skylar. "I was in mellow company, so I wasn't worried."
Parker Hendriks rode Benevolentdictator, owned and trained by Sanna, to second, and Keating, on ROTA Stable's Montauk Man, trained by Kathy, was third.
Pony races preceded the timber and flat races, and flat horse trainer Bernie Houghton's son Thomas rode Lickity Split to win the Small Pony race over Chloe Canter on Monkey and Sadie Edwards on Knight's Taffy.
The Medium and large Pony races were combined, with Teddy Davies winning the Medium on Count Chocula over Mark Anthony Harley on Betty the Brat, and Joey Dipierro rode Hot Chocolate to win the Large over Parker Hendriks on Mookie Monster and Teddy Davies on Baboo.