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Regions of Greece
Peloponesse
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Naxos wetlands
The small wetlands, salt marshes and dunes of Naxos are a haven for birds, fish and reptiles. The most important wetland is that of Alyki which comprises a large lake southwest of the airport runway. It is the largest salt lake in the Cyclades and retains enough water. The vegetation includes reeds, aquatic plants and clumps of cedar trees. 166 bird species have been observed and it is enlisted in the protected areas of NATURA 2000 network.
Four wetlands of the island have been also included in the list of small island wetlands of up to 80 acres, of the Ministry of Environment. According to the Presidential Decree of 2012, the marsh in Pyrgaki, the mouth of Skoulikaria springs in Ammitis, the marsh of Agiassos and the marsh of Kalandos joined the list among 380 small wetlands and came under protection.
Source: aegeanislands.gr
Posts about Naxos
Customs and Festivals of Naxos
Music, dancing with traditional costumes, songs, arts, feasts and festivals are part of the Naxian daily life. The island is famous all over Greece for its rich musical tradition and there are important composers/musicians from Naxos, including Konitopouleoi, Fyrogenides, Stamatonanolides, Vrontogiorgides, Koukoularides, Hatzopouloi. "Kotsakia" (folk poems of two or eight verses that were created... Read more
The mount and cave of Zas
This is the highest peak of Naxos, usually covered with clouds and named Myti of Za (Nose of Zeus). It has namely the name of Zeus and maybe this was also its name in the antiquity, as they used to worship the father of gods on this very mountain. The archaic inscription carved on a rock in the path that leads to the top of the mountain says "Oros Dios Milosiou" (Mountain of Zeus of Milon), which... Read more
The small wetlands, salt marshes and dunes of Naxos are a haven for birds, fish and reptiles. The most important wetland is that of Alyki which comprises a large lake southwest of the airport runway. It is the largest salt lake in the Cyclades and retains enough water. The vegetation includes reeds, aquatic plants and clumps of cedar trees. 166 bird species have been observed and it is enlisted in the protected... Read more
Apaliros castle
This is a very important castle, built on a steep hill in the fields of Sangri and Agiassos. According to researchers, it took its name after the abundant "apaliries", a kind of bush that sprouts there. It was erected in the first years of the Byzantine era, though probably there was already a fortification in the antiquity, because part of the wall is prehistoric. It was abandoned in the 13th... Read more
Naxos towers
Today about 30 towers are preserved in the countryside of the island. They have been built by feudal Venetians in particular (and other Latin nobles) who used them as a base to exploit the real estate of the field they held. Their defensive line included battlements, murder holes, turrets, huge doors and small windows to protect the defenders. They were made of stone and had many floors and thick walls. Bazeos... Read more
Gardoumia
Jun 6,2017
Gardoumia is a special meze from lamb intestines that is made on the island of Naxos, just like in Crete; besides, the strong connections between the two islands are well-known. Meze holds a special place in the Greek culinary tradition and could be described as an appetizer, a treat to share with friends in a relaxed environment. Gardoumia is a popular dish among mountain and pastoral farming/shepherds'... Read more
The Dikti Range
mountainMountaineeringNatureTrekking
THIS RANGE LIES BETWEEN HERAKLION AND LASSITHI.
Its highest summit is Spathi (2.148 m) and there are two more peaks at an altitude of more than 2000m. Lassithi Plateau, the largest in Crete, lies at the heart of the range at an altitude of 850 m. It is surrounded by a series of smaller plateaus such as Katharo, Limnakaro, Mari, Lapathos, Omalos, Erganos and Nisimos. There is a mountain shelter at Limnakaro from where hikers ascend to Spathi.
Several gorges are found in the range of Lassithi. Apart from the two gorges named Havgas at Katharo and Kalamafka, there are more canyons such as Sarakina, Adrianos, Ambelos, Roza and Kritsa.
The Dikti range has shows a significant diversity in flora and fauna. The lower mountain sides are covered by olive, carob and pine trees. To the south-east, Selakano is the largest pine wood of Crete and close to the village Krasi lies the holm oak wood of Azilakodasos.
The fertile plateaus and valleys of the Dikti range produce a large variety of agricultural products: potatoes, vegetable, pears, apples, walnuts, cherries, etc. Livestock breeding (sheep and goats) is yet another traditional activity in this region. The famous Diktaean Cave where Zeus is said to have been born is open to the public.
Source: www.incrediblecrete.gr
Posts about Lasithi
Elouda beach
The nice sandy beach northern to the small port of Elounda is situated at a distance of 11 kilometers far from Aghios Nicolaos at the North, and 70 -77 kilometers eastern to the International Airport of Heraklion, via the New or the Old National road respectively. Protected by the Spinalonga peninsula, the beach is not affected by the winds. Fully organised, the beach offers a wide range of accommodation,... read more
Voulisma beach
Voulisma is the second of the three bays in the beautiful village Istron, about 12km east of Agios Nikolaos and 22km north of Ierapetra. The Voulisma Beach or Golden Sands is located approximately 500m from the village (east). Its length is about 700m and is the largest municipal beach of Kalo Chorio.Voulisma is a very well-organized beach, with rare beauty for a beach located in the Northern part... read more
THIS RANGE LIES BETWEEN HERAKLION AND LASSITHI. Its highest summit is Spathi (2.148 m) and there are two more peaks at an altitude of more than 2000m. Lassithi Plateau, the largest in Crete, lies at the heart of the range at an altitude of 850 m. It is surrounded by a series of smaller plateaus such as Katharo, Limnakaro, Mari, Lapathos, Omalos, Erganos and Nisimos. There is a mountain shelter at Limnakaro... read more
Any place in Crete is sure to fascinate visitors. The island is reputed for its amazing mosaic of landscapes – each one, however, retaining its own character, its own identity and beauty. The eastern part of Lassithi is considered to be the low-key aspect of Crete, one of peace, quiet, things being done in a relaxed way, hospitality. It is the corner of Crete with the even-tempered mountains,... read more
Cave of Pelekita or Cave of the Fig Tree
It lies to the North-Northeast of Kato Zakros. We arrive at the cave either after a one-hour walk from Kato Zakros or from the beach of the same settlement by engine-vessel (20-25 minutes) and after that, we follow a tiresome ascending route (15 minutes walk). The elevation at the entrance attains 105 metres. Stones consist of limestones from the upper Cretaceous and of dolomites from the Triassic... read more
Amazonas Park
The AMAZONAS PARK, a public park for birds in the midst of the mountains is a very special park. In the course of time this park has developed into homes for parrots which have been handed in for various reasons by their former owners. Man considers the advantages that he has by keeping a parrot as a pet: he wants to have a partner he can talk to and caress whenever he feels like it. A parrot is able... read more
Mt. Parnonas
ForestmountainNature
Parnonas also known as "Malevos" is the mountain range which divides two large counties of Peloponnese, Arcadia and Laconia. The highest peak of Parnonas is called "Megali Tourla" also known as "Kronio" and has 1936 meters altitude. The mountain ends in Laconia at the Cape Maleas, south of Peloponnese.
The natural beauty of the mountain and the traditional villages attract many travelers throughout the year. The best time to visit the area is during the spring season when the snow melts and forms small waterfalls. There are many signposted hiking routes which allow the visitor to admire the gorges, the caves, the waterfalls, the springs and the rivers of this amazing mountain. Climbers will love the challenge of reaching the top of the mountain. "Megali Tourla" (1936m altitude) can be reached through a large path which crosses an amazing gorge. In the beautiful villages of Parnonas you will find places where you can rent mountain bikes or four-wheel drives to explore the amazing locations of this mountain.
Parnonas has five gorges (Loulougas, Mazias, Zarbanitsas, Spilakion, Lepidas) where rare species of flowers blossom. Mazias gorge is the easiest for hiking whereas the Lepidas gorge is very demanding and you will need special equipment and knowledge to cross it.
The name Parnonas existed already since the ancient period and the name meant "the ridge which shines". During the ancient times the mountain was also called "Kronion" because it was considered to be the sacred mountain of Cronus, who was the leader of the Titans.
There are signs of inhabitation already since the Paleolithic Period which continued throughout the antiquity until the byzantine years. The monastic life is quite strong here and the visitor can still visit some beautiful monasteries, like the known monasteries of Malevi, Loukous and the monastery of Elonas.
Parnonas is also a very important ecological zone in Peloponnese as it is covered with forests of firs, black pine trees, plane trees etc. Around the monastery of Malevi there is the "Juniperus drupacea" (Δενδρόκεδρος) tree forest which is the only one in Europe and has been classified as protected area of the "Natura 2000". At this mountain there are also many rare species of flora, some of them are known for their healing powers.
The "Wetland of Moustou" is a small lake with two artificial waterways and is located about 2km northeast of Astros. The wetland is also a protected area of the "Natura 2000" as the flora and the fauna here is extremely interesting. During the winter the wetland gathers millions of migratory birds which create a beautiful image. The artificial waterways flow to the shores of the nearby beach where the rare species of "Careta- Careta turtle" can be seen.
Source: www.discover-peloponnese.com/
Posts about Arcadia
Parnonas also known as "Malevos" is the mountain range which divides two large counties of Peloponnese, Arcadia and Laconia. The highest peak of Parnonas is called "Megali Tourla" also known as "Kronio" and has 1936 meters altitude. The mountain ends in Laconia at the Cape Maleas, south of Peloponnese. The natural beauty of the mountain and the traditional villages attract many travelers... read more
Alfeios
Peloponnese's longest river (111km long) has its source in Arcadia and its mouth in the Prefecture of Elis. According to mythology, Apheus was one of the river-gods of antiquity, worshiped mainly in the regions of Arcadia, Elis and Messinia. Son of Oceanus and Tethys, he killed his brother Cercaphus and haunted by the Erinyes, he leapt into the river which was later named after him. Source: www.mythicalpeloponnese.gr [vc_row][vc_column][ivi_nbcaj... read more
The Gorge of Lepida
The gorge of Lepida is one of the numerous, impressive natural formations of Mount Parnon, which stands between the prefectures of Arcadia and Laconia. Its length is 500 metres and it is relatively flat. Two hours are required to cross it, during which visitors will have the opportunity to enjoy the unique natural beauty of the landscape, which is filled with rich flora and fauna and boasts two gorgeous... read more
A great way to discover a new place is actually on two wheels. Arcadia, with its stunning nature, does offer visitors this unique opportunity. The changes in the landscape, the lush vegetation, the dense forests and the hidden traditional settlements are only few of the natural attractions a visitor can enjoy with just a bike and the desire for exploration. Around the city of Tripolis, as well as in the Arcadian... read more
The Ski Center in Mainalo
The Mainalo ski center is situated in the location Ostrakina of the homonymous mountain, approximately 30 kilometres from Tripolis and 162 kilometres from Athens. The roads and consequently the access to the ski centre are easy, making it a very popular destination. It isn't one of the biggest ski centres; however, it is ideal for families with children, since the mountain is not steep and is perfect... read more
The Monastery of Eloni and the Gorge of Leonidio
The Monastery of Eloni is a pretty old convent in the prefecture of Arcadia, built in the steep slope of Mount Parnon, at an altitude of 650 metres and about 17 kilometres from the town of Leonidio. Due to its exceptional natural beauty, the area around the monastery has been declared as a protected zone and it's included in the European Network Natura 2000 under the code GR2520005. It has a long... read more
Zakynthos, Protection of Nesting activity
Zakynthos island is situated in the Ionian Sea off the west coast of mainland Greece. The climate is warm with plenty of sunshine. The island has an area of 406,000 ha and its coastline is approximately 110km long. However, only a small part of the coast is sandy beach. In Zakynthos, loggerhead sea turtles nest mainly on the beaches within the Bay of Laganas, which is on the southern part of the island. ARCHELON's systematic surveys have confirmed that the Bay of Laganas is the most important nesting area for the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) in the Mediterranean Sea. This led to the establishment of the National Marine Park of Zakynthos in 1999.
Historical background to the legal protection of the nesting beaches of Zakynthos and the marine zone of the Bay of Laganas.
Due to the importance of Zakynthos as a reproduction area for the loggerhead sea turtle in the Mediterranean, the state introduced measures for its protection since 1984. The purpose of the legislation was to control and regulate development while maintaining the quality of the nesting beaches so that the sea turtles can continue visiting Zakynthos for generations to come. The 1984 measures were further strengthened in 1990 with the signing of a Presidential Decree. Based on this legislation, in addition to specific limitations relative to visitor numbers and the use of sunbeds and umbrellas, the following are mentioned:
Tourist developments are not permitted behind nesting beaches and the building of residences is strictly regulated
Artificial lighting is not permitted to affect nesting beaches
Vehicle use is not allowed on the beach
In 1988, by Ministerial Rule two marine zones were established. These occupy a large proportion of Laganas Bay. Within zone A, no boats or fishing activity are allowed. Accordingly, in zone B the speed limit is 6 knots, while anchoring is not allowed. Fish farms are prohibited in both zones. In 1994, after sustained effort by ARCHELON and other environmental organizations a third zone was established, zone C, in which anchoring is allowed but the speed limit of 6 knots applies. Consequently, speed boats were almost completely prohibited from the Bay of Laganas. These marine zones are marked with buoys in order to be visible to boat users.
Marathonissi
The uninhabited islet of Marathonissi is in the west of the Bay of Laganas. It has a small, 370m long beach made of pale thick sand on its north-west end. There are sand dunes on the back of the beach, which at some locations reach more than 50m inland. The steep hill behind the beach is covered by Mediterranean vegetation. The remains of an old monastery, belonging to the Church of Lithakia, is the only building on this islet. Tourists visit the beach during the day, on organised boat trips and by rented or private boats. Lights and noise from the residential areas of Laganas and Lithakia affect the beach during the night. Organized tours are allowed between 7:00am to 7:00pm from the 1st of May to the 31st of October. Visitors are only allowed to remain on the first 5m from the sea, as sea turtle nests are located on the back of the beach.
While most beaches within the Bay of Laganas mainly produce female hatchlings, the small beach on Marathonissi, with a mere length of 370 metres, produces mainly male sea turtles. This is caused by the slightly lower temperature of the beach sand on Marathonissi. The sex of sea turtle hatchlings is determined by the average temperature of the eggs during incubation. If the incubation temperature is above 29oC, the hatchlings will be females, while if it is below 29oC, they will be male. Indeed the pale colour of the sand on Marathonissi strongly reflects solar radiation, causing slightly lower sand temperature at the egg clutch depth. So while the beach of Marathonissi only receives 9% of the nests in Zakynthos, the fact they exclusively produce male turtles raises it to a crucial reproductive habitat for the survival of the Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtles.
East Laganas beach
East Laganas beach stretches eastwards from the last hotel of the developed part of Laganas (Louis Zante Beach Hotel), up to the Rock of Hipsolithos. East Laganas is characterised by fine sand mixed with small-sized pebbles and a landward extensive dune field. Visitors are allowed on the beach between 7:00am and 7:00pm from the 1st of May to the 31st of October.
Beach of Kalamaki
The beach of Kalamaki, with a length of 500m, is the eastward extension of the East Laganas beach, separated from it by the cliffs of Hipsolithos. Behind the beach there are low clay cliffs. A hotel has been constructed above the western part of the beach. The area has an easy access and it is visited by many people during the day. Visitors are allowed between 7:00am and 7:00pm from the 1st of May to the 31st of October. Visitors are only allowed to remain within a 5m distance from the sea, as sea turtle nests are located on the back of the beach.
According to legislation only 150 umbrellas and 300 sunbeds are allowed on the nesting beaches of E. Laganas and Kalamaki. These are to be removed every night. Despite this progress in legislation, problems with sunbeds and umbrellas still exist.
Sekania beach
Sekania beach (650m) is the one that stands out for its natural beauty and the highest nesting density for loggerheads in the Mediterranean. Sekania supports well over 50% of the total number of nests made in the whole Bay. Due to its importance, ARCHELON has been urging the Government to expropriate or buy the private land behind the beach, in order to declare it a site of absolute protection. Finally in 1994, WWF Greece, following recommendations by ARCHELON, purchased a large part of the land behind the nesting beach. This was achieved with partial funding from the European Union and the support of the Greek Ministry of Environment. According to existing legislation public access is prohibited.
Daphni stands out as the beach with the most problems. All 15 illegal buildings constructed behind the beach of Daphni have not been removed. Following recommendations by the Council of Europe, the removal of illegal buildings at Daphni has been an obligation of the Greek Government since 1986, when only two prefabricated buildings existed. Unfortunately, nothing has been done so far towards this end on behalf of the state. Illegal embankments, street laying, planting of exotic species, and corrosion of the beach have destroyed the beach profile on many locations. Since 2006, the Management Agency of the Park came into agreement with the owners and imposed measures on the operation of the buildings and the beach management. Visitors are allowed from 7:00am to 7:00pm from the 1st of May to the 31st of October and must not exceed 100 at any one time. Visitors are only allowed within the first 5m from the sea, as sea turtle nests are located on the back of the beach.
Gerakas
Gerakas is a 15-30m wide beach, with fine and soft sand, and a length of 600m. The beach is backed by clay cliffs which shield off the lights of the two tavernas and the few houses that have been recently built further inland. A paved road comes very close to the beach and vehicles are parked there. There is only one access to the beach by a trail coming down through the cliffs. Due to its fair access, Gerakas attracts hundreds of visitors every day during the summer season. According to legislation only 60 umbrellas and 120 sunbeds are allowed at the western end of Gerakas, and the number of visitors on the beach at any one time should not exceed 350. Visitors are allowed from 7:00am to 7:00pm between the 1st of May and the 31st of October. They have to remain within the first 5m from the sea, as sea turtle nests are located on the back of the beach.
Turtle Spotting in the sea
Zakynthos has the privilege to host a very large number of sea turtles in the Bay of Laganas every summer. They migrate thousands of kilometres to reproduce within the bay. Turtle spotting by beach visitors and tour boats is a compatible ecotourism activity with positive prospectives, as it empowers public awareness about sea turtles and therefore their protection, as long as this experience takes place under certain conditions that primarily respect the sea turtles.
On every encounter with a sea turtle in the water, it is very important to seek the least possible disturbance of the animal (as in every other wildlife encounter). This can be achieved when turtle spotting fulfils at least some basic standards that guarantee the calmness of the sea turtle, such as:
doesn't exceed 10-15 minutes near the same turtle,
holds a distance of 10-15 metres from the animal,
avoids crowding near it (by beach users or boats, with no more than two boats at any one time) and the observers remain calm (e.g. Low-voiced conversation),
observations are made at a low speed in order not to disturb the animal (no more than two knots),
any physical contact with the animal is avoided,
the animal is not approached from the front (and the boat does not pass over it)
the observers move away on the first indication that the animal is disturbed (e.g. Sudden change of direction, acceleration, sudden diving while basking, often emergences to breathe)
observations are made during the day (and not during the night).
However, sea turtle observation activities carried out in the Bay of Laganas do not always follow the above basic rules of sustainable observation, nor do they follow the regulations for this special area (e.g. the speed limit of 6 knots to avoid collision with a sea turtle), often placing the turtles in danger.
All visitors of the National Marine Park of Zakynthos should be fully informed about the existing regulations to ensure the well-being of this important sea turtle population concentrated in the Bay of Laganas. Because these regulations have been set to ensure the coexistence of humans and sea turtles to the benefit of both.
Source: www.archelon.gr
Protection of Nesting activity in Peloponnesos
The Gulf of Kyparissia
Kyparissiakos Bay is the second biggest Mediterranean reproduction habitat of the Caretta caretta sea turtle. It is situated in West Peloponnesse, and extends from Katakolo cape, in the north, to Kounelos cape in the south. The magnificent sandy beach is 46 km long and it is only interrupted by Alfios River and two smaller ones – Neda and Arkadikos. The really magnificent scenery is characterized by the pine trees coastal forest all along the upper part of the beach, by the biggest and richest zone of sand dunes in Greece and by the intense ripple of the Ionian Sea that offers moments of peace and relaxation.
In Kyparissiakos Bay there are almost 700 Caretta caretta nests on a yearly basis, the majority of which (86%) is mainly found in the southest part of the bay, and more specifically, in a 10 km area, between Neda estuary and Kalo Horio village, which constitutes the heart of the habitat. This area has been included in the European network Natura 2000 under the code GR2550005 "Thines Kyparissias: Noehori – Kyparissia" mainly due to the reproduction of the sea turtles and the protected flora in the sand dunes zone. The sea area round the bay has also been included in the same network of protected areas under the code GR2330008 "Kyparissia bay sea area: Katakolo cape – Kyparissia" due to the existence of widespread Poseidonia meadows which constitute feeding and reproduction places for plenty and various organisms.
"Neda" Project in Giannitsochori of Ilia Prefecture
In Kyparissiakos Bay there are almost 700 Caretta caretta nests on a yearly basis, the majority of which is mainly found in the southest part of the bay, and more specifically, in a 10 km area, between Neda estuary to the North and Kalo Nero village to the South, which constitutes the heart of the habitat. A significant number of nests, however, are found in the section of the bay which is located north of Neda estuary, until Giannitsochori of Ilia Prefecture, length of 4 km. The entire area has been included in the European network Natura 2000 under the code GR2550005 "Thines Kyparissias: Noehori – Kyparissia" mainly due to the reproduction of the sea turtles and the protected flora in the sand dunes zone. The sea area round the bay has also been included in the same network of protected areas under the code GR2330008 "Kyparissia bay sea area: Katakolo cape – Kyparissia" due to the existence of widespread Poseidonia meadows which constitute feeding and reproduction places for plenty and various organisms.
Since 1983 ARCHELON conducts a project of recording and protecting reproduction activity in the area between Neda estuaries and Kalo Horio village. In addition to this project and due to the celebration of 30 years since its foundation, ARCHELON opens a new project in Kyparissiakos Bay named "Neda". The new project is placed in Giannitsoxori of Ilia Perfecture and will cover the area between Neda estuary to the South and Giannitsoxori to the North. Reproduction period starts late May and lasts till October. During this period, and more specifically from June 1 till September 30, with the participation of volunteers from around the world.
Lakonikos Bay
The Lakonikos Bay project is conducted at the beaches surrounding Gytheio, a beautiful town characterized by its picturesque port, neoclassical houses, narrow uphill alleys, stone paved streets and marble stairs. According to the Greek mythology here is the place where god Apollon fought with Hercules for the magic tripod of the Delphic oracle and where at the end they reconciled, giving the area its current name (Gytheio from the words gh and theos, which mean earth of the gods)
These unique, both in natural wealth and beauty, beaches of Lakonikos Bay have a total length of about 23 km and accommodate, in average, 200 Caretta caretta nests every year, whereas the sea area is the only spot in Greece where an other species of sea turtle, the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), is frequently encountered. A part of this area has been included in the european network Natura 2000 under the code GR2540003 "EVROTAS DELTA" as it constitutes not only a reproduction area for the sea turtles but serves as rest, reproduction and nourishment area for many bird species as well. Also, the sand dunes zone accommodates protected plant species such as the sea daffodil (Pancratium maritimum). The marine ecosystems of Lakonikos Bay include vast Posidonia meadows which serve as a reproduction area and a feeding ground for many organisms and fishes of commercial significance.
ARCHELON, noting that the area of Lakonikos Bay is an important nesting habitat of Caretta caretta sea turtles, first began a project about recording and protecting the nests in 1985, which carries on to the present day. Specifically reproductive activity is recorded at 4 beaches in the region (Mavrovouni, Vathy, Selinitsa, Valtaki), of total length of about 8.5 km, which are used as an "index area" for the rest of the region. The reproductive activity begins in early June and ends in the last days of September. During this period, with the participation of volunteers from around the world.
Koroni, a beautiful coastal town of Messinia, is located at the southwestern end of the Messinian Gulf and is about 50 km away from Kalamata. It has about 2,000 inhabitants, most of who are engaged in agriculture, fishing and tourism, while it is estimated that during the summer months its population exceeds the 10,000, since because of its beauty, it is one of the major tourist destinations of Messinia. Koroni is famous for its Venetian castle that looms over the city, its special picturesqueness which is due to not only its unique geographical position, but also its architectural composition and the golden beaches that surround it.
The significance of the Zaga – Memi beach in Koroni (2.7 km long) for the reproduction of the sea-turtle Caretta caretta had been identified since the late 80's. It is a crowded beach that hosts an average of 40 nests every year. Since 1995 ARCHELON conducts each summer a project aiming the record and the protection of the nests. The reproductive activity begins in early June and ends in the middle of September. During this period, especially from 5 June through 15 September, with the participation of volunteers from around the world.
Volunteers can spend their free time having sea baths, attend one of each kind of cultural events that take place daily in Koroni, carefree browse the quaint streets of the city with their special houses and cobblestone streets and of course visit the neighboring beautiful cities in the region (Methoni Finikounda, Pylos, Gialova) where history and ancient monuments meet the rich natural beauty with many protected species of flora and fauna.
Information and activities
Since 1983 ARCHELON conducts a project of recording and protecting reproduction activity in the area between Neda estuaries and Kalo Horio village. Reproduction period starts late May and lasts till October. During this period, and more specifically from May 15 till September 30, with the participation of volunteers all over the world, ARCHELON runs the following activities:
Morning observation, during which reproductive activity is recorded daily.
Night observation and marking of adult sea turtles
Nest protection from human activity and predation by mammals (foxes, dogs etc), which is done by enclosing and marking the nests and by shading them, where necessary.
Excavation of nests after the exit of the hatchlings in order to estimate the number of them that left the nest.
Public awareness by operating a seasonal information station in Kalo Nero village, by organizing information slide shows in tourist facilities and camping of the area, as well as by conducting beach patrols in order to raise the bathers' awareness.
In the frame of the European Community LIFE – Nature program, conducted in the area by ARCHELON, two main actions should be noted:
A special Environmental Study and Managerial Project for the coastal zone have been worked out in the aim of promoting – in collaboration with local society – a sustainable management for the efficient protection of the physical environment and the controlled development of the local economy
A Scientific and Environmental Station has been founded in Agiannakis area which, in the range of environmental education program, organizes guided tours for schools and visitors.
Project area Amvrakikos
Amvrakikos Gulf is semi-closed sea in the north-west part of Greece. It is watered by plenty of fresh waters and sediments, thanks to the rivers Arachthos, Louros, Vovos and Krikeliotis. It has a warm climate, shallow waters, many lagoons of a small depth and marshlands. All these favour the development of local flora and fauna, making the gulf one the most important wetlands of Europe. ARCHELON's activity the past years has confirmed a significant presence of turtles in the area, especially near the estuaries of the rivers in the north-east part of the Gulf, although there has not been a record of a nesting site within the Gulf.
Protection of the region
The ecosystem of the Amvrakikos gulf is one of the 11 wetland regions of our country that have been characterized "of international importance" and are protected by the international treaty RAMSAR.
Due to the rarity of the morphology of the area, and also due to the presence of rare and endangered species, the wetlands have been included in the NATURA 2000 Network, the Barcelona convention (a convention on the protection of the Mediterranean Sea from pollution) and is protected by virtue of the Berne convention (regarding the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats) and the Bonne convention.
The need to protect and preserve the area's unique ecosystem, has led to the establishment of the National Park and the Amvrakikos Management Body, in 2008, that specifies usages, conditions and restrictions for the terrestrial, aquatic and sea regions of the Amvrakikos Gulf.
The work of ARCHELON
ARCHELON has been monitoring the area for the past decade in order to research the turtle presence by spotting, tagging and satellite tracking the population.
Last year's positive data has led us to establish a full season project in the area for the first time, in order to gather more information on the population's activity. The field work consists of turtle monitoring and raising public awareness in the local community. Volunteers will have a closed contact with the turtles as they will be trained to spot and capture them in order to gather all the data needed.
Mom, The Hellenic Society for the Study and Protection of the Monk seal
NatureSeals
MOm/ The Hellenic Society for the Study and Protection of the Monk seal is a Greek non–governmental environmental organization with the legal status of a Non–profit association. MOm is active in the protection and promotion of the coastal and marine environment of Greece, through the protection of the Mediterranean monk seal, which is the only seal species in the Mediterranean Sea and the most endangered seal on earth.
The financial resources of MOm originate from the memberships of our supporters, donations from private entities, selected partnerships with national, European and international bodies, and from nationally and European-funded programs. MOm is subject to regular financial auditing by Certified Public Accountants – Auditors.
The main goal of MOm/ Hellenic Society for the Study and Protection of the Monk Seal is the conservation of the natural environment and the biodiversity of Greek seas, through the protection of the critically endangered Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus). MOm strives for the survival of the only seal species in the Mediterranean Sea and for a healthy marine environment for the present and future generations!
In order to achieve the above, MOm works tirelessly on two different, but highly related fronts. Our aim is to:
• Reduce human – related monk seal mortality
• Preserve the last remaining habitat for the critically endangered Mediterranean monk seal
Important Areas
The largest population of the critically endangered Mediterranean monk seal lives in Greece and is estimated to number approximately 300 individuals. Monk seals are widely distributed throughout the entire coastline of the country and show a strong preference for isolated and inaccessible islands, islets or parts of the coastline on the mainland. The largest and most closely monitored populations are those at the Northern Sporades Islands and at the Kimolos – Polyaigos island complex. The population at the Northern Sporades Islands (which includes the National Marine Park of Alonissos, Northern Sporades) has been closely monitored by MOm since 1988 and is considered to number more than 50 individuals. Another 50 individuals are also believed to live at the Kimolos – Polyaigos island complex in the southwestern Cyclades islands. Important reproductive populations of the species can also be found at the islands of Northern Karpathos and Saria (this population is estimated to number approximately 25 individuals) and at the Ionian Islands (i.e., Zakynthos and Cephalonia). In recent years, the largest population of Mediterranean monk seals in Greece was discovered at the island of Gyaros, in the northern Cyclades Islands, and has been estimated to number approximately 60 individuals.
Studying the distribution of the Mediterranean monk seal in Greece is conducted mainly through the evaluation and mapping of information received by the Hellenic Rescue and Information Network of MOm (RINT) and through the collection of on-site information during the monitoring of important monk seal populations in the country.
Environmental education is one of the most useful tools in the effective conservation of the natural environment, and is therefore also a cornerstone of MOm's activities. MOm carries out environmental education activities throughout Greece with a special focus on coastal and insular areas. The goal is to educate school children, our future generation, about the critically endangered status of the Mediterranean monk seal and its habitat and how they can become active in their protection. This is done by challenging their learning process and their critical thinking. The environmental education programs of MOm have been officially approved by the Hellenic Ministry of Education and have been attended so far by more than 250,000 school children in the country.
Furthermore, each year MOm carries out during the summer months the environmental program "The school of the monk seal". At the Information Center of MOm at the island of Alonissos young children learn about environmental protection through a variety of interactive activities, such as theatrical plays, treasure hunts etc. The Environmental Center has also a children's library with more than 1,300 different books.
Acknowledging the increasing role of the internet in the education process, MOm has also developed several educational websites:
• www.monachoulis.gr. This is the main environmental education website of MOm, containing information about the Mediterranean monk seal and the environmental education material of MOm. The target group of the site are school children but also teachers seeking to enrich their curriculum with information regarding the protection of the Mediterranean monk seal and the marine environment in general.
• www.thalassapedia.gr/en/. This website was created within the framework of the European program Life "Thalassa" and contains information regarding the marine mammals in Greece, the threats they face and ways to help save them.
• http://mofi.mom.gr/ekpaideysi.htm: This is the educational outlet of the project MOFI that was carried out by MOm in 2006 – 2009 throughout coastal and insular Greece with the aim of mitigating monk seal – fishery conflicts. This website contains a link to a book on sustainable fisheries.
If you want to learn more about the environmental education programs of MOm, please contact MOm by phone at +30 210 5222888 or by email at info@mom.gr.
Vouraikos Gorge
GorgeNature
Vouraikos gorge starts at a distance of 3 km from the west foothills of mount Helmos and mount Panachaiko, and leads all the way to Diakopto. Vouraikos River springs from the mountains of Kalavryta and ends at the Corinthian gulf, near the beach of Diakopto. Along its way it has created a deep, unique gorge.
As it runs down to the sea, it receives the waters of several streams forming small lakes and numerous cascades. Its width is constantly changing. The narrowest spot, "Portes", is located close to Zachlorou. According to the myth, there was a rock there, blocking Hercules passage. Hercules cut the rock in two and created this gateway. The rack railway passes through the gorge.
The region is protected under the European Natura 2000 due to its abundant flora and fauna.
Source: www.mythicalpeloponnese.gr
Posts for Achaia
Rack Railway
In 1889, Charilaos Trikoupis, Greece's Prime Minister at the time, decided to construct the rack railway. Specialized technicians from France and Italy undertook the construction of the track and it lasted seven years. King George I was the first train passenger that took the first journey on March 10th, 1896. The purpose of the railway was to connect the region of Kalavryta to Athens and Patras... read more
Vouraikos gorge starts at a distance of 3 km from the west foothills of mount Helmos and mount Panachaiko, and leads all the way to Diakopto. Vouraikos River springs from the mountains of Kalavryta and ends at the Corinthian gulf, near the beach of Diakopto. Along its way it has created a deep, unique gorge. As it runs down to the sea, it receives the waters of several streams forming small lakes... read more
Kalavryta Ski Resort
Kalavryta Ski resort is situated 14km from the town, at an altitude of 1670 to 2328 meters above sea level, on the southern side of mount Helmos. It has 8 lifts, 2 aerial (1 three-seat and 1 two-seat), 3 drag lifts (one of them double), 2 lifts for children and a recreation one. The biggest lift is 1415m long and has a height difference of 472m. The total lift capacity is 5.000 people per hour. The... read more
Lake Tsivlou
One of the few lakes in the mountainous region of the Peloponnese, lake Tsivlou is situated at an altitude of 800 m. It was formed following a landslide in 1912 when the ancient river Krathis was blocked. The small yet picturesque lake is located half way from Akrata to Zarouchla. Enjoy a picnic with view the huge branches sprouting out of its surface or chose between walking, mountain biking and off-road... read more
Ancient Theater of Aigeira
The ancient theater is situated near the town of Aigeira at an altitude of 350m above sea level offering a view to the Corinthian gulf. Its construction dates back to 280-250 Β.C. Similar to the orchestra, the koilo is hewn on natural rock and when not available the soil was cut to accommodate stone seats. During the Hellenistic period it consisted of a two storey building. A corridor divides the koilo... read more
The Carnival of Patra
Patra, the capital of the prefecture of Achaea, is without doubt a city with great history and many interesting places for one to discover during a visit. However to the majority of the people the city is best known for its Carnival, which, is, admittedly, the biggest and most impressive carnival out of the dozens that are organized in various areas in Greece. The Carnival of Patra began in the 19th... read more
LakeNature
One of the few lakes in the mountainous region of the Peloponnese, lake Tsivlou is situated at an altitude of 800 m. It was formed following a landslide in 1912 when the ancient river Krathis was blocked.
The small yet picturesque lake is located half way from Akrata to Zarouchla. Enjoy a picnic with view the huge branches sprouting out of its surface or chose between walking, mountain biking and off-road rides along the trail surrounding the lake.
To the west of the prefecture of Ilia, 27 km from its capital, Pyrgos, lies the area known as Kaiafas, comprising a vast beach on the side of the Ionian sea, a coastal pine forest and the homonymous lake, which is the centre of health tourism in the area. The healing properties of the Kaiafa lake waters have been known since antiquity; according to the ancient Greeks, they owed their properties to the nymphs who inhabited the forests surrounding the area. For that reason they honoured them with great piety, erecting splendid temples and sanctuaries in their name. Those visiting Kaiafas today do so not only for the water therapy, but also to admire the unique natural landscape and to do activities such as sea sports, which are offered in the area. The beautiful, serene nature also sets the scene for total relaxation, away from the city's rapid pace.
Kaiafas, with its lake and the unique natural landscape that surrounds it, is located on the border with the Municipality of Zacharo and comprises the huge, sandy coast traversing the entire coastal line of the bay of Kyparissia, the impressive pine forest of Strofilia, the plain of Xirochori-Zacharo and the mountain range of the mythical mountain Lapithas, on the western foot of which lies the spring of the Anigrides nymphs and on its eastern foot the spring of Geranios.The warm, healing waters of the lake are considered suitable for skin conditions, rheumatism, various conditions of the liver and asthma, and have many times been exalted by those who tried water therapy as a solution to one of the aforementioned problems. The belief in their healing properties is an ancient one; according to Pausanias, the cave that lies to the area's west, called "the cave of the Anigrides nymphs", was inhabited by the nymphs Kalliafeia, Pigaia and Iasis. From the first one derives the name of the area today, Kaiafas, while the names of the other two testify to the existence of healing waters (pigi = spring, iasis = cure). According to myth, Dardanos, the ancestor of the Trojans, was born in the Anigrides cave. It is also said that in this spring the Centaur Nessos washed his wounds; he had been hit by the poisonous arrows of Hercules, which explains the waters' foul smell.
This hydrotherapy centre is responsible for attracting many tourists in the area, of all ages and from all over the world. The healing waters are rich in hydrogen sulphide and their temperature remains stable at 20-30 °C between May and October, which is the most suitable period for water therapy.
Kaiafas, of cource, isn't good only for water therapy; many also come here to enjoy the enchanting landscape, with the emerald-green sea, the beach with the sand dunes and the unique vegetation surrounding the lake. It is not a coincidence that the lake has been declared a protected area. At its centre lies the islet of Aghia Ekaterini, with the small church of the same name and the Tourism Development Company's building facilities, which include, among others, hotels and lodgings. The islet and the opposite coast are linked by a bridge, while the transition from the hydrotherapy centre to the hotel facilities and the reverse is done by boat.
For those who wish to get to know the surrounding area, there are various points of interest, such as the beaches of Kourouta and Zacharo and also other, lesser known beaches, a short distance away by car. No matter what you choose to do, it is certain that your stay in the Kaiafas area will regale you with unique images and offer you moments of complete relaxation.
Posts for Elis
To the west of the prefecture of Ilia, 27 km from its capital, Pyrgos, lies the area known as Kaiafas, comprising a vast beach on the side of the Ionian sea, a coastal pine forest and the homonymous lake, which is the centre of health tourism in the area. The healing properties of the Kaiafa lake waters have been known since antiquity; according to the ancient Greeks, they owed their properties to the nymphs... read more
Ancient Ilida
Ilida or Ilis was a city-state in ancient Ilia, very near ancient Olympia, and took up the area which today extends from the village of Paliopoli (or Nea Ilida) to the southeast, Bouchioti (or Avgeio) to the southwest and Kalyvia to the west. According to myth, it was founded by Oxylus, son of Aemon and Gorgi, who is also mentioned in some traditions as the founder of the Olympic Games. Oxylus, who hailed... read more
Foloi oak forest
Foloi oak forest is a designated site under NATURA 2000 that dates back to ancient times. It's the only flat forest in Greece situated on the boundaries between Elis, Arcadia and Achaia, at an altitude of 600meters. It covers a total surface of 218.000 acres and it consists mainly of broadleaf oaks. Foloi oak forest is a designated site under NATURA 2000 that dates back to ancient times. It's... read more
Pineios River and Pineios artificial lake
Pineios is one of the Peloponnese's most significant rivers, its total length is 70 km. Also known as Gastouni River, it has its sources in the mount Erymanthos and empties in the Ionian Sea near town bearing the same name. According to mythology, Hercules diverted the flow of Pineios and Alfeios rivers in order to clean the Augean Stables in his fifth labor. After having demolished the stables'... read more
Ancient Olympia
During classical times Olympia was the city of Ilia best known as the area where the Olympic Games took place, the greatest athletic event of the then-Greek world. Today Ancient Olympia is a village and a municipality of Ilia, built in the valley of river Alpheus. Nearby lies the archaeological site, one of the most popular ones in Greece, which attracts every year tourists from all over the world.... read more
Under the auspices
Categories of Dodeka
The Semeli Estate, Korinthos
Kalamata Gastronomic Destination
DARKSCHOOL ESCAPE ROOMS


Sinus Infection - Sinusitis Symptoms - Will this Achoo Infection Lead to More Serious Complications?
Sinusitis is caused primarily by the over-secretion of mucus in the nasal linings of the nose thus producing swelling of tissues within the nose due to cold, allergies, irritants, snorted drugs, smoking and pollution which damages the small hair-like structures inside the nose and prevents it from assisting in the drainage of mucous. Some people are just more prone to certain allergies because of the decrease in their resistance against diseases. Time and tide waits for no man. So once we got an idea for writing on Nasal Sinus, we decided not to waste time, but to get down to writing about it immediately!
Sinus infection is often characterized by a blockage of one or both of the nasal sinus accompanied with a mild to severe headache and a slight pressure around the eyes and head. The patient may have constant sneezing and may feel a slight difficulty in breathing due to the blocked nasal passage, which also affects the quality of the voice. As the information we produce in our writing on Sinusitis may be utilized by the reader for informative purposes, it is very important that the information we provide be true. We have indeed maintained this.
If the infection is caused by a virus, there is no need for any antibiotics but supportive treatment is given to the patient to manage the constant headache and pressure to relieve the pain and decongest the stuffed nose. But if the sinusitis is due to a bacterial infection then there is a need for the patient to undergo an antibiotic therapy. Interesting is what we had aimed to make this article on Sinusitis Symptoms. It is up to you to decide if we have succeeded in our mission!
When a sinus infections is established and leads to Chronic Sinusitis there is a tendency for this to be a recurring illness that is why at the first sign of a chronic infection, a prolonged treatment is needed. Although this infection do not frequently lead to more serious complication, it is still advised to keep in mind that if left untreated it is possible for this illness to spread to the bones and into the brain thus resulting to a life threatening disease. Isn't it amazing how much information can be transferred through a single page? So much stands to gain, and to lose about Nasal Sinus through a single page.
We were a bit tentative when embarking on this project on Nasal Irrigation.
However, using the grit and determination we have, we have produced some fine reading material on Nasal Irrigation.
Using the intuition I had on Sinus, I thought that writing this article would indeed be worth the trouble.
Most of the relevant information on Sinus has been included here.
For people with significant allergies, effective treatment of the allergies is important in the treatment of their chronic sinus infections. Sinus treatments work by decreasing the swelling in the nose around the sinus openings, removing allergens, thinning the mucous in the nose, or killing the bacteria that linger in the sinus cavities. An idle brain, is a devil's workshop they say. Using this ideology in mind, we ventured to write on Chronic Sinusitis, so that something productive would be achieved of our minds.
One method used in diagnosis is introducing a light into the sinuses to look for inflammation; if the light doesn't shine through, the sinuses are congested. Secretions, debris, and hardened mucous get back up in the sinus cavities, leading to a sufferer's pain and pressure. Symptoms may include: stuffy or congested nose, usually for longer than ten days, runny nose with clear, yellow or green mucus, also usually for longer than ten days, fever, daytime cough, scratchy throat, bad breath, especially in younger children, swelling or puffiness around the eyes, sinus headaches or facial pain. Writing something about Sinusitis Doctors seemed to be something illogical in the beginning. However, with the progress of matter, it seemed logical. Matter just started pouring in, to give you this finished product. .
The sinuses are known to produce mucus that cleans and moistens the membranes of the nose and throat and when they get infected that is where we usually feel the discomfort and pain that we experience when we have a case of sinusitis. Sinus infections are usually caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi that enter through the nose causing an inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the sinuses. We had at first written a rough assignment on Sinus Problems. Then after a few improvisions and enhancements here and there, we have ended up with this end product.
Although rare, complications may include abscess, meningitis, orbital cellulitis, or osteomyelitis. The set of ethmoid sinuses are situated between your eyes and contain multiple, small, air-filled compartments. The maxillary sinuses are lie under your eyes and are the largest of the sinus cavities. There are actually four sets of sinuses. Opportunity knocks once. So when we got the opportunity to write on Sinus Busters, we did not let the opportunity slip from our hands, and got down to writing on Sinus Busters.
Sometimes asthma and sinus infections exist at the same time. There are a lot of ways to prevent sinus infections. Eat plenty of fruits and raw vegetables, which are rich in antioxidants and other phytochemicals that can boost your immune system and help your body resist infection. And you can cure your sinusitis forever naturally like many others, there is a way. Coordinating matter regarding to Inflammation Sinuses took a lot of time. However, with the progress of time, we not only gathered more matter, we also learnt more about Inflammation Sinuses.
An allergist or immunologist is a physician trained in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases including sinusitis. Many of these doctors used to prescribe antibiotics for sinus infections, which are ineffective due to the small amount of blood vessels in the sinus cavity, and they don't work on fungal infections or viral infections such as those due to the common cold. There has been a gradual introduction to the world of Sinus Problems projected in this article. We had done this so that the actual meaning of the article will sink within you.
Medical therapies, including saline nasal sprays, humidification, moisturization and nasal irrigation can be very effective for most individuals suffering from chronic sinus infections. Prevent other episodes of sinusitis by washing your hands several times a day. This article will help you since it is a comprehensive study on Sinus Headaches.
Most of the infections are caused by fungi, viruses or a combination of fungi and bacteria. In individuals with chronic sinusitis, the openings of the sinus cavities are narrowed and blocked. Isn't it wonderful that we can now access information about anything, including Chronic Sinus form the Internet without the hassle of going through books and magazines for matter!
Sinus medicine containing decongestant is one of the most effective ways of tackling the excess mucous.
Some will also contain pain relievers (to ease sinus pain) and antihistamines (to reduce the body's mucous-producing reaction to the allergen).
Although such medicines can't affect viruses such as cold or flu, they will reduce the symptoms of congestion and make life more comfortable.
We tried to create as much matter for your understanding when writing on Sinusitis Headaches.
How to reduce the risk of exposure to allergy causes Keep windows in cars and building shut, consider a pollen filter.Wear glasses or sunglasses, preferably wrap arounAvoid open grassy places, particularly in the evening and at night when pollen counts are highest so no picnics, grass-cutting or camping.If you have been exposed, shower and wash your hair when you return.Check pollen counts in the media.If you are allergic to animals such as cats, avoid spending prolonged periods in their homes even if they've been put outside for your visit. The allergens - contained in the dried particles of cat saliva - will be whenever they have been ie sofas, carpets, owner's clothing.Is your home dust-mite friendly? If you suffer perennial rhinitis, this could be a problem. Revision is very important when writing or speaking about a topic. We had a lot of drafting to do to come to this final product on Sinus Pain.
Infections - bacteria, viruses. Allergies - pollen, dust, food, chemicals etc. Atmospheric irritants - smoke, gasses. Developing a gradual interest in Sinus Passages was the basis for writing this article. On reading this, you will gradually get interested in Sinus Passages.
Headaches, pain and congestion can be accompanies by the following: Blocked nose. HIghly irritated, runny nose. Sneezing. After reading what was written here, don't you get the impression that you had actually heard about these points sometime back. Think back and think deeply about Sinus Pain.
Eating good foods, exercising and dealing with stress - can also help to prevent the cold or flu in the first place. Developing a vision on Sinus Passages, we saw the need of providing some enlightenment in Sinus Passages for others to learn more about Sinus Passages.


text:
Speech and Language Delay in Children
MAURA R. McLAUGHLIN, MD, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
Am Fam Physician. 2011 May 15;83(10):1183-1188.
Patient information: See related handout on speech delay in children, written by the author of this article.
Definition of Speech and Language
Prevalence and Prognosis
Normal Development
Indications for Referral
Parent Counseling
Speech and language delay in children is associated with increased difficulty with reading, writing, attention, and socialization. Although physicians should be alert to parental concerns and to whether children are meeting expected developmental milestones, there currently is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine use of formal screening instruments in primary care to detect speech and language delay. In children not meeting the expected milestones for speech and language, a comprehensive developmental evaluation is essential, because atypical language development can be a secondary characteristic of other physical and developmental problems that may first manifest as language problems. Types of primary speech and language delay include developmental speech and language delay, expressive language disorder, and receptive language disorder. Secondary speech and language delays are attributable to another condition such as hearing loss, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, physical speech problems, or selective mutism. When speech and language delay is suspected, the primary care physician should discuss this concern with the parents and recommend referral to a speech-language pathologist and an audiologist. There is good evidence that speech-language therapy is helpful, particularly for children with expressive language disorder.
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Speech is the verbal production of language, whereas language is the conceptual processing of communication. Language includes receptive language (understanding) and expressive language (the ability to convey information, feelings, thoughts, and ideas). Language is commonly thought of in its spoken form, but may also include a visual form, such as American Sign Language.
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SORT: KEY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Clinical recommendation
Evidence rating
The evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against the routine use of brief, formal screening instruments in primary care to detect speech and language delay in children up to five years of age.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force evidence-based guideline
All children with suspected speech and language delay should be referred to a speech-language pathologist or local early intervention program for formal assessment.
Usual practice30 and a consensus-based practice guideline31
All children with suspected speech and language delay, or in whom there is concern about hearing loss, should be referred to an audiologist.
Usual practice30 and consensus-based practice guidelines31,32
Speech-language therapy is effective for primary expressive language disorders. The effect of speech-language therapy for children with receptive language disorder appears to be much smaller than it is for other groups.
Cochrane review
For children receiving speech-language therapy, parent-provided therapy under the guidance of a clinician is as effective as clinician-provided therapy.
Speech-language therapy interventions lasting longer than eight weeks may be more effective than those lasting less than eight weeks.
A = consistent, good-quality patient-oriented evidence; B = inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence; C = consensus, disease-oriented evidence, usual practice, expert opinion, or case series. For information about the SORT evidence rating system, go to https://www.aafp.org/afpsort.xml.
The reported prevalence of language delay in children two to seven years of age ranges from 2.3 to 19 percent.1–5 Severe speech and language disorders in young children can negatively affect later educational achievement, even after intensive intervention.6 Several studies have shown that children with speech and language problems at two and a half to five years of age have increased difficulty reading in the elementary school years.7–9 Children in whom speech and language impairments persist past five and a half years of age have an increased incidence of attention and social difficulties.10 Children with specific speech and language impairments at seven and a half to 13 years of age have been shown to have impaired writing skills, with marked deficits in spelling and punctuation compared with children without speech and language impairments.11 The likelihood of persistent difficulties for young children with speech and language problems appears to be directly related to the range of language functions that are impaired, with the best prognosis for children who have a developmental speech delay.12
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force found that there was insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine use of brief, formal screening instruments in primary care to detect speech and language delay in children up to five years of age. Specific groups of children known to be at higher-than-average risk of speech and language delay, such as those with hearing deficits or craniofacial abnormalities, were not included in this review. Studies of other risk factors for speech and language delay show inconsistent results, so the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force was unable to develop a list of specific risk factors to guide primary care physicians in selective screening. The most consistently reported risk factors were a family history of speech and language delay, male sex, prematurity, and low birth weight. Other risk factors that were reported less consistently included levels of parental education, childhood illness, late birth order, and larger family size.13
The physician should elicit any concerns that parents have about their child's speech and language. In addition to observing the child's speech in the clinic setting, the physician should ask the parents if this behavior is typical of that at home, at school, and in other social environments. The American Academy of Pediatrics publishes Bright Futures guidelines that include speech and language milestones to be covered at each well-child visit.14 A free PDF download of the pocket version and a PDA version that can be purchased are available at http://brightfutures.aap.org/3rd_Edition_Guidelines_and_Pocket_Guide.html. The Milcom Well-Child Record System, parts of which were reviewed and approved by the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine, includes age-appropriate screening questions for speech and language milestones, and is available for purchase at http://www.briggscorp.com.
Speech and language developmental milestones are noted in Table 1.14,15 It is important for the physician to have an understanding of these milestones to determine whether children have a delay in speech or language. Normal speech progresses through stages of cooing, babbling, words, and word combinations, whereas normal language progresses through stages of understanding and expressing more complex concepts. Development of proficiency in vocabulary and language use depends heavily on family and early school experiences. Families can aid their children's language development by telling stories, playing word games, reciting rhymes and songs, engaging in questions and conversation, and reading books together.14
Developmental Milestones for Speech and Language in Children
Receptive
Turns to rattling sound*
Laughs*
Vocalizes (cooing)*
Turns to voice†
Babbles, single syllables*
Says "mama" or "dada," nonspecific†
Waves "bye-bye"†
Follows one-step command15
Babbles*
Imitates vocalizations and sounds*
Says one word†
Says one word*
Says three words†
Waves "bye-bye"*
Points to at least one body part
Says three words*
Says six words†
Points to two pictures*
Combines words
Names one picture†
Follows two-step command15
Points to six body parts*
Knows two actions
Names one picture*
Speech half understandable†
Knows two adjectives†
Names four pictures*
Names one color†
Speech all understandable†
Defines five words†
Names four colors†
Speech all understandable*
note: Except where otherwise cited, milestones are adapted from Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents.14
*—More than 90 percent of children pass this item.
†—50 to 90 percent of children pass this item.
Information from references 14 and 15.
The proportion of a child's speech that should be understandable to a stranger in the absence of any contextual cues increases with age. Milestones for this can be remembered by using the "rule of fours": if the child's age in years is divided by four, the quotient is approximately equal to the amount of speech that should be understandable. Thus, a one-year-old should be understandable 25 percent of the time, a two-year-old 50 percent of the time, a three-year-old 75 percent of the time, and a four-year-old close to 100 percent of the time.15
BILINGUAL LANGUAGE LEARNING
Children growing up in a bilingual environment will typically have some degree of mixing of the two languages, which decreases with a growth in language development.16 These children usually become proficient in both languages by five years of age.17 Bilingual language learning does not typically necessitate services from a speech-language pathologist unless there is a difficulty in the primary language. Bilingual children should be referred based on the same criteria used for monolingual children.
In children not meeting the expected developmental milestones for speech and language, a comprehensive developmental evaluation is essential. Atypical language development can be a secondary characteristic of other physical and developmental problems that may first manifest as language problems. Some of the many conditions that can account for speech and language problems in children are outlined in Table 2.12,18–29 These can be divided into primary speech and language problems, in which no other etiology can be found, and secondary speech and language problems, which are attributable to another condition.
Speech and Language Problems in Children
Clinical findings and comments
Treatment and prognosis
Primary (not attributable to another condition)
Developmental speech and language delay
Speech is delayed.
Speech-language therapy interventions are effective. Parent-provided therapy under the guidance of a clinician is as effective as clinician-provided therapy. Interventions lasting longer than eight weeks may be more effective than those lasting less than eight weeks.18
Prognosis is excellent. Children typically have normal speech by the age of school entry.12
Children have normal comprehension, intelligence, hearing, emotional relationships, and articulation skills.12
Expressive language disorder
Active intervention is necessary because this disorder is not self-correcting.
Children have normal comprehension, intelligence, hearing, emotional relationships, and articulation skills.
Expressive language disorder is difficult to distinguish at an early age from the more common developmental speech and language delay.
Receptive language disorder
Speech is delayed, and also sparse, agrammatic, and indistinct in articulation.
The effect of speech-language therapy is much smaller than it is for other groups. Parent-provided therapy under the guidance of a clinician is as effective as clinician-provided therapy. Interventions lasting longer than eight weeks may be more effective than those lasting less than eight weeks.18
It is rare for these children to develop normal oral language capacity.19
Children may not look at or point to objects or persons named by parents (demonstrating a deficit in comprehension).
Children have normal responses to nonverbal auditory stimuli.
Secondary (attributable to another condition)
Children have a variety of speech abnormalities, including speech delay (especially with concurrent intellectual disability), echolalia (repeating phrases) without generation of their own novel phrases, difficulty initiating and sustaining conversations, pronoun reversal, and speech and language regression.
Children should be referred for developmental evaluation.
Children benefit from intensive, early intervention that focuses on increasing communication.21
Language training programs have been shown to help children communicate.22
Children have impaired communication, impaired social interaction, and repetitive behaviors/circumscribed interests.20
Speech delay in children with cerebral palsy may be due to difficulty with coordination or spasticity of tongue muscles, hearing loss, coexisting intellectual disability, or a defect in the cerebral cortex.
Speech-language therapy services can include introducing augmentative and alternative communication systems, such as symbol charts or speech synthesizers, enhancing natural forms of communication, and training communication partners. A Cochrane review did not find firm evidence of the positive effects of speech-language therapy, but did find positive trends toward improved communication skills.23
Childhood apraxia of speech
Apraxia of speech is a physical problem in which children have difficulty making sounds in the right order, making it hard for their speech to be understood by others.
Many different speech-language therapy techniques have been used. A Cochrane review concluded that there were no high-level evidence studies in the literature, and could not definitively advocate a particular approach for clinical practice.24
Children communicate with gestures but have difficulty with speech (demonstrating motivation to communicate, but lack of speech ability).
Dysarthria
Dysarthria is a physical problem in which children can have speech difficulties ranging from mild, with slightly slurred articulation and low-pitched voice, to profound, with an inability to produce any recognizable words.
Small, observational studies have suggested that for some children, speech-language therapy might be associated with positive changes in intelligibility and clarity of speech. A Cochrane review did not find firm evidence of the effectiveness of speech-language therapy to improve the speech of children with dysarthria acquired before three years of age.25
Hearing loss after spoken language established
Speech and language are often gradually affected, with a decline in the precision of speech articulation and a lack of progress in vocabulary acquisition.
Children with hearing loss should be referred to an audiologist. The audiologist, as part of an interdisciplinary team of professionals, will perform an evaluation and suggest the most appropriate intervention program.
Early family-centered intervention promotes language(spoken and/or signed) and cognitive development.
Children identified with hearing loss who begin services early may be able to develop language (spoken and/or signed) on par with their hearing peers.26
Parents may report that the child does not seem to be listening, or describe the child speaking better than listening.
Hearing loss before onset of speech
Children may have distortions of speech sounds and prosodic patterns (intonation, rate, rhythm, and loudness of speech).
Children have normal visual communication skills.
This may include referral to a tertiary-level child development center that can provide interdisciplinary evaluations (including speech-language therapy and audiology). Referral should include consultation with a medical geneticist to aid in diagnosing the cause of the intellectual disability.27
Use of gestures is delayed, and there is a generalized delay in all aspects of developmental milestones.
Children with selective mutism show a consistent failure to speak in specific social situations (in which there is an expectation for speaking [e.g., at school]) despite speaking in other situations.20
Children should be referred to a speech-language pathologist for evaluation, and to a therapist for behavioral and cognitive behavior therapies, which appear to be effective. Parents and teachers can be referred to the Selective Mutism Information and Research Association for advice.28
Combined intervention including behavioral modification, family participation, school involvement, and in severe cases, treatment with fluoxetine (Prozac) is promising.28,29
Information from references 12, and 18 through 29.
When speech and language delay is suspected, children should be referred to a speech-language pathologist or local early intervention program, and an audiologist.30–32 Table 3 lists red flags that suggest a need for immediate evaluation.30 Close monitoring before referral may be appropriate when a speech and language delay is suspected, but this approach should be used with caution, because two-thirds of children younger than three and a half years with speech and language delay will need speech therapy after one year without intervention.33 There is no certain way to determine which children will improve with the watchful waiting approach alone, but a speech-language pathologist's judgment of a child's communicative functioning appears to be the most significant predictor of linguistic outcome.33
Red Flags Suggesting Need for Immediate Speech-Language Evaluation
Does not babble, point, or gesture
Does not look at or point to 5 to 10 objects or persons when named by parents
Does not use at least three words
Does not follow one-step directions
Does not say "mama," "dada," or other names
Does not point to pictures or body parts when named
Does not use at least 25 words
Does not verbally respond or nod/shake head to questions
Does not use unique two-word phrases, including noun-verb combinations
Does not understand prepositions or action words
Does not follow two-step directions
Does not use at least 200 words
Does not ask for things by name
Repeats phrases in response to questions (echolalia)
At any age
Has regressed or lost previously acquired speech/language milestones
Adapted with permission from Schum RL. Language screening in the pediatric office setting. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2007;54(3):432.
For children with health insurance, options for referral include those organizations that contract with their insurance groups. Medicaid programs typically cover speech therapy, although smaller organizations may not accept those plans. Children without health insurance may be able to access therapy through services funded by grants under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and administered by individual states. State-administered early intervention services are available from birth to three years of age. After three years of age, children who qualify may receive speech therapy through the public school system. Uninsured children who do not qualify for these services may be able to access an organization with a sliding scale fee based on the family's economic status.
Table 2 lists some of the many causes of speech and language problems, and briefly outlines treatment principles.12,18–29 The primary goals of therapy are to teach children strategies for comprehending spoken language and producing appropriate communicative behavior, and to help parents learn ways of encouraging their children's communication skills. There are good data available to support the effectiveness of speech-language therapy, particularly for children with primary expressive language disorder.18 The effect of speech-language therapy for children with receptive language disorder appears to be much smaller than it is for other groups.18 Parents can effectively administer speech-language therapy, but must first receive training, typically from a speech-language pathologist. The response to treatment is more varied when using parent administrators, which suggests that some parents may be more suited for providing therapy than others. Therapies lasting longer than eight weeks appear to be more effective than those lasting less than eight weeks.18
When a child is not meeting the expected developmental milestones for speech and language, it is important to avoid making a specific diagnosis until a formal evaluation has been completed. Parents can be counseled that, once a diagnosis is made, there are professionals who can work with the child and parents, and that many times children show a positive response to this intervention. If the child has other developmental or behavioral problems, these problems may persist, or they may improve as the child's communication skills improve.
At follow-up visits, the physician can review the child's progress with the parents. It is often helpful to focus on positive changes that the child has made since the previous visit, rather than only noting the child's current status compared with age-based norms. The physician can also focus on what the parents can do to help their child, including recommending books for the parents to read. Two books were recommended in a recent article30: The New Language of Toys: Teaching Communication Skills to Children with Special Needs: A Guide for Parents and Teachers,34 which provides specific suggestions for using toys and books in a developmentally appropriate manner to encourage communication, and Childhood Speech, Language, and Listening Problems: What Every Parent Should Know,35 which explains different communication problems and advises parents on available resources. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Web site (http://www.asha.org/) may also be helpful. It offers information on childhood speech and language disorders, and provides links to national organizations.
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MAURA R. McLAUGHLIN, MD, is an assistant professor of family medicine at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville....
Address correspondence to Maura R. McLaughlin, MD, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800729, Charlottesville, VA 22908 (e-mail: mr9me@virginia.edu). Reprints are not available from the author.
Author disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
The author thanks Karen Knight, MSLS, for assistance with the literature search, and Sherry L. Comer, SLP, for information regarding speech-language pathology services.
1. Burden V, Stott CM, Forge J, Goodyer I. The Cambridge Language and Speech Project (CLASP). I. Detection of language difficulties at 36 to 39 months. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1996;38(7):613–631....
2. Stevenson J, Richman N. The prevalence of language delay in a population of three-year-old children and its association with general retardation. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1976;18(4):431–441.
3. Silva PA, McGee R, Williams SM. Developmental language delay from three to seven years and its significance for low intelligence and reading difficulties at age seven. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1983;25(6):783–793.
4. Rescorla L, Hadicke-Wiley M, Escarce E. Epidemiological investigation of expressive language delay at age two. First Language. 1993;13:5–22.
5. Wong V, Lee PW, Lieh-Mak F, et al. Language screening in preschool Chinese children. Eur J Disord Commun. 1992;27(3):247–264.
6. Stern LM, et al. The Adelaide preschool language unit: results of follow-up. J Paediatr Child Health. 1995;31(3):207–212.
7. Catts HW, Fey ME, Tomblin JB, Zhang X. A longitudinal investigation of reading outcomes in children with language impairments. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002;45(6):1142–1157.
8. Scarborough HS, Dobrich W. Development of children with early language delay. J Speech Hear Res. 1990;33(1):70–83.
9. Silva PA, Williams S, McGee R. A longitudinal study of children with developmental language delay at age three: later intelligence, reading and behaviour problems. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1987;29(5):630–640.
10. Snowling MJ, Bishop DV, Stothard SE, Chipchase B, Kaplan C. Psychosocial outcomes at 15 years of children with a preschool history of speech-language impairment. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006;47(8):759–765.
11. Bishop DV, Clarkson B. Written language as a window into residual language deficits: a study of children with persistent and residual speech and language impairments. Cortex. 2003;39(2):215–237.
12. McRae KM, Vickar E. Simple developmental speech delay: a follow-up study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1991;33(10):868–874.
13. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for speech and language delay in preschool children: recommendation statement. Rockville, Md.: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2006.
14. Green M, Palfrey JS, eds. Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents. 2nd ed., revised. Arlington, Va.: National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health; 2002.
15. Coplan J. Evaluation of the child with delayed speech or language. Pediatr Ann. 1985;14(3):203–208.
16. Redlinger WE, Park TZ. Language mixing in young bilinguals. J Child Lang. 1980;7(2):337–352.
17. Leung AK, Kao CP. Evaluation and management of the child with speech delay. Am Fam Physician. 1999;59(11):3121–3128.
18. Law J, Garrett Z, Nye C. Speech and language therapy interventions for children with primary speech and language delay or disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(3):CD004110.
19. Whitman RL, Schwartz ER. The pediatrician's approach to the preschool child with language delay. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1985;24(1):26–31.
20. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. 4th ed. Washington, DC: APA; 1994.
21. Paul R. Interventions to improve communication in autism. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2008;17(4):835–856.
22. Parr J. Autism. Clin Evid. 2010;1(322):1–19.
23. Pennington L, Goldbart J, Marshall J. Speech and language therapy to improve the communication skills of children with cerebral palsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(3):CD003466.
24. Morgan AT, Vogel AP. Intervention for childhood apraxia of speech. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(3):CD006278.
25. Pennington L, Miller N, Robson S. Speech therapy for children with dysarthria acquired before three years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(4):CD006937.
26. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Effects of hearing loss on development. http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/disorders/effects.htm. Accessed November 22, 2010.
27. Daily DK, Ardinger HH, Holmes GE. Identification and evaluation of mental retardation [published correction appears in Am Fam Physician. 2000;62(5):961–963]. Am Fam Physician. 2000;61(4):1059–1067.
28. Keen DV, Fonseca S, Wintgens A. Selective mutism: a consensus based care pathway of good practice. Arch Dis Child. 2008;93(10):838–844.
29. Manassis K. Silent suffering: understanding and treating children with selective mutism. Expert Rev Neurother. 2009;9(2):235–243.
30. Schum RL. Language screening in the pediatric office setting. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2007;54(3):425–436.
31. American Academy of Pediatrics, Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. Year 2007 position statement: Principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Pediatrics. 2007;120(4):898–921.
32. Harlor AD Jr, et al. Hearing assessment in infants and children: recommendations beyond neonatal screening. Pediatrics. 2009;124 (4):1252–1263.
33. Roulstone S, Peters TJ, Glogowska M, Enderby P. A 12-month follow-up of preschool children investigating the natural history of speech and language delay. Child Care Health Dev. 2003;29(4):245–255.
34. Schwartz S, Miller JEH. The New Language of Toys: Teaching Communication Skills to Children with Special Needs: A Guide for Parents and Teachers. Bethesda, Md.: Woodbine House; 1996.
35. Hamaguchi PM. Childhood Speech, Language, and Listening Problems: What Every Parent Should Know. New York, NY: Wiley; 1995.
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Is it time for a Team Detox?
A team is a spider's web of interconnected relationships, touch one strand and the whole web feels the effect. What's more, most teams sit within wider organisational systems- webs within webs- each impacting the other. In organisational life, you are always in relationships, whether you like it or not- and all relationships have conflict, even the most successful ones. Whilst effective relationships are not the only predictor of team performance, when relationships become toxic people's energy becomes focused on internal politics, silos and turf-wars rather than on pulling together to achieve the team's purpose and goals. Even experienced leaders find navigating the web of complex relationships challenging, and dealing with destructive conflict time-consuming and draining
So, should teams eradicate conflict? Not at all! For teams to leverage their collective intelligence and to achieve more together than they do as a group of individual leaders, productive conflict is essential. Patrick Lencioni, author of bestseller "The Five Dysfunctions of a Team" says: "Teams that trust each other are not afraid to engage in passionate dialogue around issues and decisions that are key to the organization's success. They do not hesitate to disagree with, challenge, and question one another, all in the spirit of finding the best answers, discovering the truth, and making great decisions." At the same time, we have all experienced how destructive and unproductive conflict can be! So it's not conflict itself, but how it's managed that contributes to realising a team's potential.
John Gottman, PhD of the Gottman Institute has studied success and failure in marriages and can predict with over 90% accuracy which couples will divorce and which will stay together. Whilst this research was done on marital relationships, the data speaks to all human relationships. He uses "The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" to describe four behaviours that get in the way of communication and collaboration:
Blame/Criticism – attacking the person rather than offering a critique or voicing a complaint
Contempt – sarcasm, ridicule, name-calling, belittling, cynicism, eye-rolling, scoffing
Defensiveness – making yourself a victim and reversing the blame
Stonewalling– blocking, withdrawing, refusal to engage, silent treatment
Contempt is the most lethal of all.
Nobody is perfect and these behaviours are a normal part of being human. The toxins occur even in the most successful relationships, and their roots are powerlessness, frustration, an inability to effect change and a lack of psychological safety.
Team coaches have a valuable role to play in helping teams to familiarise themselves with the toxins, normalising them, and then supporting teams to replace them with more effective behaviours, which Gottman describes as 'antidotes' (for more information on these see the references below).
As a team coach, rather than teaching these antidotes, I coach the team on how they will, individually and collectively, deal with them when they show up- which they will! The team can develop this into a set of norms – a behavioural contract for how they commit to working with each other and what they can count on each other for.
I also coach the team to understand the root cause of toxic behaviours as these are often down to poorly designed teams and a lack of clarity on the teams purpose, goals and priorities than about personality differences.
It is critical for coaches to role-model alternative behaviours in how they show up with teams demonstrating appreciation, curiosity, respectful direct communication, making requests and other healthy behaviours in action.


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Polymixis nigrocincta är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Treitschke 1825. Polymixis nigrocincta ingår i släktet Polymixis och familjen nattflyn. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

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Shenmue 3 dev is listening to fan "concerns" about Epic Game Store exclusivity
"We kindly ask all our fans to have some patience."
News by	Vikki Blake, Contributor
Shenmue 3 developer Ys Net insists it is "listening to [fan] concerns" and will "assess the situation and together find a way forward to justify the trust you placed in us" once its back in the office after E3.
The "situation", of course, was last week's confirmation that the eagerly-anticipated sequel had been locked into a timed PC exclusive on Epic Game Store. Emotions were further heightened when Ys Net and its publishing partner Deep Silver also confirmed "refunds will not be granted" for those upset the game will not be coming to Steam at the same time.
Now, however, Ys Net has issued a further statement confirming it is listening to fan dissatisfaction.
"We want to make sure that the Backers are aware that we are listening to their concerns," said a brief statement on the company's most recent Kickstarter update (thanks, PC Gamer). "We kindly ask all our fans to have some patience, we are currently at E3 demoing the game and need to get back to our respective offices to assess the situation and together find a way forward to justify the trust you placed in us.
"Thank you for your patience and support."
Shenmue 3 was first announced in 2015 and was successfully Kickstarted to the tune of $6,333,295 - breaking world records in the process. Since then the original 2017 release has been pushed back several times, moving from 2017 to early 2018, then August 2019, and - as of last week - now November 2019.
Shenmue 3 is out on PC via Epic Games Store and PlayStation 4 on 19th November 2019.
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When her friends were falling in love with soap stars, Vikki was falling in love with video games. She's a survival horror survivalist with a penchant for Yorkshire Tea, men dressed up as doctors and sweary words. She struggles to juggle a fair-to-middling Destiny/Halo addiction and her kill/death ratio is terrible.
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OUT OF MIND » SPACE NEWS & DISCLOSURE » SPACE NEWS & UFO DISCLOSURE » Harvard professor: 'Oumuamua was alien tech'
Harvard professor: 'Oumuamua was alien tech'
1 Harvard professor: 'Oumuamua was alien tech' Tue Jan 05, 2021 11:58 am
Posted on Tuesday, 5 January, 2021
Loeb is convinced that 'Oumuamua is not what it seems. Image Credit: ESO / M. Kornmesser
A Harvard University professor of astronomy believes that the visiting space rock was actually built by aliens.
The 400-meter-long object, which flew past our planet back in October 2017, became the focus of much debate and intrigue after it was found to have come from a distant solar system.
Even today, the exact nature and origins of 'Oumuamua (from the Hawaiian word for 'scout') continue to remain a major point of study, with scientists attempting to determine exactly what the object is made of, where it came from and how long it has been traveling through space.
For professor of astronomy Avi Loeb of Harvard University however, the answer is clear - this unassuming space rock, he believes, is a piece of advanced extraterrestrial technology.
In a new book set to be published later this month (Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth), Loeb outlines the case for believing that 'Oumuamua is more than meets the eye.
"In late 2017, scientists at a Hawaiian observatory glimpsed an object soaring through our inner solar system, moving so quickly that it could only have come from another star," the press release reads.
"Avi Loeb, Harvard's top astronomer, showed it was not an asteroid; it was moving too fast along a strange orbit, and left no trail of gas or debris in its wake. There was only one conceivable explanation: the object was a piece of advanced technology created by a distant alien civilization."
"In Extraterrestrial, Loeb takes readers inside the thrilling story of the first interstellar visitor to be spotted in our solar system He outlines his controversial theory and its profound implications: for science, for religion, and for the future of our species and our planet."
Suffice to say however, this is not a theory shared by the majority of his peers.
Source: Chron.com
https://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/news/342623/harvard-professor-oumuamua-was-alien-tech
Thanks to: https://www.unexplained-mysteries.com
2 Re: Harvard professor: 'Oumuamua was alien tech' Tue Jan 05, 2021 3:31 pm
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"Our work together is about finding out what negative self esteem messages, behaviors, or memories stand in the way of feeling more empowered and balanced. By learning new ways to experience emotions, thoughts, and challenging experiences, your inner capacity to accept life and grow personally will emerge. I look forward to the opportunity to help you live a more joyful, peaceful, and mindful life."
I approach the treatment of depression, anxiety, personality disorders, childhood sexual abuse, trauma, attachment issues and other struggles from a range of perspectives including Psychodynamic, Relational, and EMDR.


I am giddy. I am not talking about just any kind of giddy either, this is My Little Pony lunch pail on the first day of school (w/matching thermos)giddy; store bought stirrup pants giddy; some might even say this is learning that you no longer have to wear the full headgear (and be called Darth Vader by your 6th grade crush) giddy!!!
See, today is one of those days you will see AMAZING photography on this blog. My girlfriend Didi of Natural Approach Photography found the most adorable little girl (she knows her, don't worry, she didn't just find her on the street, that would be awkward and I might not post about it), put my creations on her pretty little head and took some BEAUTIFUL pictures. Don't worry you will not have to take my word for it, just keep scrolling.
The reason this is SO exciting is because not only will it will open up doors for me to start my Etsy shop, I also use a business card company that allows me to upload images onto the back of cards so people can have, in their hot little hands, a picture of exactly what I make!! :) *SQUEAL* Dreaming of the possibilities for these images makes me almost come right out of my seat!
Thank you so much Didi for helping me with this process. I can't wait to work more with you.
I would be GIDDY too! How exciting for you. I'm glad this is all coming together for you. I love reading your blog. Your writing style is such fun. I will be a life-long fan.
Didi, we ROCK together! I can not wait to see what we come up with next. :) Thank you again.
I am SO SO SO SO SO SO SO SO happy for you my dear!
Lovey you are my biggest fan...names not stan. :) I heart you in my heart! Thanks for stopping by!


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Q: Kivy for Python 3 on a Mac OS X I was wondering if kivy supports Python 3 on Mac OS X systems. From the download page from the kivy official website, it seems that kivy-1.9.0 is available for Python 3.4 for Windows systems, but it does not seem to support Python 3 on Mac OS X:

Mac OS X Mac OS X 10.9, 10.10 (requires Python 2.7)
  Kivy-1.9.0-rev3-osx.dmg (Mirror)

This seems a little but nonsensical, why kivy should support Python 3 on Windows but not on a Mac OS X? It could be because of the missing support of PyGame for Python 3 for OS X systems? Actually, there's a way to install PyGame for OS X systems for Python 3, so I do not understand why they do not fix this problem, if this is really a problem.
I have also tried to install it globally via pip3 using:
sudo pip3 install kivy

But I am getting the following error:

Collecting kivy   Downloading Kivy-1.9.0.tar.gz (16.2MB)
      100% |████████████████████████████████| 16.2MB 34kB/s
      Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
Cython is missing, its required for compiling kivy !

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 20, in <module>
  File "/private/tmp/pip-build-qt70t_44/kivy/setup.py", line 173, in <module>
    from Cython.Distutils import build_ext
ImportError: No module named 'Cython'

----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /private/tmp/pip-build-qt70t_44/kivy

A: You will need to build from source.
As a previous poster mentioned, you will need to get Cython installed.
To get the latest version, use
$ pip3 install cython

From there, you need to modify setup.py. Here's an example of how I did it.

A: According to the error message, you are missing the package cython:
Cython is missing, its required for compiling kivy !
...
ImportError: No module named 'Cython'

You should run pip install cython.
Then installing from source worked for me, by opposition to using pip.

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