Cassandra's aunt said, "The world is changing, I tell you - but it is the fault of the women who did not keep their men in place." (1-193) the second story is a much more modern story set in a "post-nuclear- holocaust world" and is a rather discouraging tale of men 'servitors' playing the role of servant to the remaining women and children left in the world. There are still some men left that are warriors, but the real 'manly' characters are the ones who 'serve' the ladies. The children borne to these woman are raised as peace-loving individuals, while the woman try desperately to breed violence out of their men-children.
The strength of this book is the exquisite detail to be found concerning the fall of Troy and the stories that still abound today about that fall. Thompson has done a terrific job of research and it shows.
Harris, S. (2011). Classical Mythology. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
Homer. (1876). The Iliad. Philadelphia, PA: JP Lippencourt.
This approach contrasts sharply to the constant calling out to the gods and the direct actions of the gods as presented in The Iliad. Especially when read as a piece of social and political commentary, as it was very likely intended when written and first performed, it becomes clear that at this point in their history the ancient Athenians placed greater emphasis and value on the actions of people rather than the actions of the god. Civic responsibility and humanitarian action are valued above brute militarism and religious devotion, showing a clear contrast from the values that are implied in even the most cursory reading of The Iliad. Though both of these works come from ancient Greece, there was obviously a great deal of change in the cultural values and perceptions of the Greeks during the intervening centuries.
Euripides. The Trojan Women. David Kovacs, trans. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Homer. The Iliad. Robert Fitzgerald, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1974.
Petersen, Wolfgang. Troy. Warner Bros, 2004.
Homer. The Iliad. Robert Fitzgerald, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1974, pp. 238.
Iliad is the tale of two male warriors, Hector and Achilles. Hector, a Trojan prince, fights nobly to defend his doomed city, even though the most powerful gods stand against him. Meanwhile Achilles, the Achaian warrior who knows he is fated to die in battle, must fight his own nature as well as his enemies. omen appear only in minor roles; there are no fully developed female characters among mortals or gods in The Iliad. hen female characters do appear, they are typically portrayed in one of three ways: as property, as betrayers of men, and as devoted wives and mothers.
Homer. The Iliad. Trans W.H.D. Rouse. New York: Penguin Putnam Inc., 1999.
The three epic stories namely, The Iliad, the Trojan Women, Pericle's Funeral Oration are powerfully written master pieces of work, that illustrate the element of horridness of war beautifully.
The story of Homer's Iliad focuses on the "rage of Achilles." eading this epic poem makes one believe that it is based entirely on the totality and gruesomeness of war. However, it tells us about the details of war with full description and information. Though war is an important aspect of the tale, but the real story is based on the remarkable fighter and hero-that man is none other than Achilles.
In Book 19, Athena also advises wisdom when she provides Achilles with divine food to strengthen him. Achilles refuses to eat while he mourns Patroklos. Athena recognizes the lack of wisdom in this and encourages Achilles to gain strength for the battle ahead.
In Book 5 and 6, Athena's relationship with the other divinities show her urge to drive change. The Trojan War will result in a new era, but only if she encourages Greek victory. Hence, she enters a strategic partnership with Hera, who works with her against the will of Zeus to overcome the Trojans. Hera also helps Athena in her assistance to Diomedes.
Achilles, in effort to match his personal loss on a national level, strives to kill Hector, again fueling the economy of revenge, but this time in a far more 'high stakes' manner. Now, the loss of a man will result in the loss of Troy's greatest warrior. But even though Achilles emerges victorious from this struggle, his is an empty victory. He knows that his own death will follow shortly after the death of Hector. He does not care; revenge means everything to him in the heat of the moment, just like sacrificing the Greek advantage was worth upholding his honor at the beginning of the poem.
Homer. The Iliad. www.poetryintranslation.com. http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Greek/Iliad9.htm . Web.
This temper surely gave Clytemnestra the ability to withstand her "wretched life" by serving as a type of emotional outlet for her anger and disappointment related to being imprisoned in her own household as the doting wife of Agamemnon who certainly experienced sexual encounters with other women as leader of the Greek armies at Troy.
(i.e., that Agamemnon was dead)/Full often from my neck have forceful hands/Seized and untied the beam-suspended noose" (Swanwick, 179), a reference to attempting to hang herself from a roof beam. This indicates that Clytemnestra was indeed a very strong woman with sufficient inner strength to do away with herself because of her grief associated with Agamemnon and his alleged death at the hands of the Trojans -- "For a woman severed from her mate/To sit forlorn at home is grievous woe" (Swanwick, 179).
Swanwick, Anna, Trans. The Dramas of Aeschylus. London: George Bell & Sons, 1907. Rpt.
Although my family is not made up of English speakers, they have always stressed that succeeding in school is an important part of being successful in life. It is not just grades that are important. The lessons a student learns in school will help the student succeed later in life.
Learning English is an immediately useful skill. When I am learning algebra or chemistry, sometimes I wonder how these subjects can help me in my everyday life. When I am learning English, I know that I can use the language to communicate more effectively with others. I know that what I am learning in class can help me improve my writing for all of my classes. And someday, I would like to write stories that are just as exciting as the books I like to read.
In Homer, he can boast: "Do you not see what a man I am, how huge, how splendid / and born of a great father, and the mother who bore me immortal?" (Homer Book 21, lines 108-109, p. 421).
McDonald, W.E. "Who's Afraid of Wolf's Cassandra-or Cassandra's Wolf?: Male Tradition and Women's Knowledge in Cassandra." Journal of Narrative Technique. Ypsilanti, MI (JNT). 1990 Fall, 20:3, 267-283.
Russi, Roger Ph.D. Dialogues of Epic Figures: Christa Wolf's Kassandra, Monique Wittig's Les Geurilleres, and Marion Zimmer Bradley's the Firebrand. Diss. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1993. Ann Arbor: A Bell & Howell Company, 1993.
Wolf, Christa. Cassandra: A Novel and Four Essays. Trans. Jan Van Heurck. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Inc., 1984.
Despite some questionable choices in examples, however, Tuchman was able to supply an ample amount of evidence for her thesis in her information about the corruption plaguing the Catholic church prior to the eformation. This fact, while certainly acknowledged in history books, rarely receives the importance it deserves. This example, and perhaps that of Vietnam, were the most convincing ones that leaders throughout history have displayed an inherent proclivity that is decidedly "contrary to the way reason points and enlightened self-interest suggests" (Tuchman 1985, 1). Her chronicles of America's imperialist appetites and the wanton destruction it achieved in a fruitless siege in Vietnam for years should be taught as much as, if not more, than certain other areas of U.S. history.
Tuchman, Barbara. The March of Folly: From Troy To Vietnam. New York: Ballantine Books, 1985.
President Bush got government backing to go to war with Iraq. This is a classic example of Tuchman's point.
Even against all advice by the American public, and the outcry that has recently become deafening he pursues the war. Even though it has caused is popularity rating to nosedive he has pursued the war.
This book gave me a solid understanding of how and why such follies occur and make me wonder how we have evolved so far as a society without being able to learn from our past mistakes.
This book is a must read for anyone who looks at history with a question mark and wants to know whether history indeed repeats itself.
The movie the Fog of War was not similar to March of Folly. It covered an entirely different topic and served an entirely different purpose.
In his Histories, which chronicles the historical aspects of ancient Greece, Egypt and other regions of Asia Minor, Herodotus focuses in the beginning on the myths associated with these cultures and civilizations from his own distant past which at the time had acquired some relevance based on what was viewed as historical truth. Some of these myths, which now through archeological evidence may have some basis in fact, include the abduction of Io by the Phoenicians, the retaliation of the Greeks by kidnapping Europa, the abduction of Helen from Sparta by Paris and the consequences which resulted in the Trojan War.
Rawlinson, George, Trans. Herodotus: Histories. UK: QPD, 1997.
There are enough similarities of story and characterization, however, that while one must take care not to see Troy as fact, or even as an essentially faithful movie version of the Homer's the Iliad, one may still learn something about the plot, characters, and setting of Homer's great poem by seeing it. Educationally speaking, perhaps one of the greatest benefits of a major motion picture like Troy is that seeing it might interest more people in reading the Iliad, for comparison, and/or in learning more about Greek legends, myths, and mythological characters in general.
For Paris was essentially a shepherd, and had only recently returned to Troy, thus, he had no military skills (Judgement pp).
Another way the movie made Paris a hero of sorts, is that he is portrayed as the one who tells his father King Priam to be cautious about the horse. hen actually, according to legend, it was his sister Cassandra, a priestess of psychic powers, knew the horse was deceptive and tried to warn her father, but he would not listen (Judgement pp). Then the priest, Laocoon, also tried to warn the Priam to beware of Greeks bearing gifts, yet he too was ignored (Judgement pp).
Troy." Director: Wolfgang Petersen. Warner Bros. 2004.
Many have seen her as Aeneas's counterpart, as she herself has led her people from Tyre to Carthage in an attempt to escape environmental vicissitudes. Like Aeneas, she is a true leader, a strong willed character and independent woman. Juno and Venus (the Roman counterparts of Hera and Aphrodite) manipulate them and Dido is soon seen infatuated with Aeneas, neglecting all ruling duties. She cannot change destiny and realizes this in ook IV, as she points out that "What am I saying? Where am I? What madness / Takes me out of myself? Dido poor soul, / Your evil doing has come home to you." According to ancient traditions, for a strong character such as Dido, the only possible ending is by suicide.
2. Virgil. The Aeneid. Translated by John Dryden. Book IV.
The Iliad is a collection of poems by Homer describing the 10-year siege on Troy by Greeks in what is now famously referred to as the Trojan ar. Several Greek and Trojan characters are worth a special mention in these Homeric poems because of the roles they played in the battles before the war was won, how they conducted themselves to help eventually win the war for their side. This paper specifically investigates the writings in the Homeric poems to look are important in the overall text.
Homer. " The Iliad" n.d.: 46-419. Web. 11 Nov. 2015.
Raaflaub, Kurt A. "Homeric Warriors and Battles: Trying to Resolve Old Problems." The Classical World 101.4 (2008): 469-483. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.
Fagles, Robert. The Odyssey. New York: Penguin USA, 1999.
However, she is no bloodless female, absent of sexuality, despite her resistance of Apollo. In this respect, Wolf does update her story -- rather than a virgin or a sexless prophetess, Cassandra does have a relationship with Aeneas. She loves this hero with the ardor of a young woman, calling him the soul of Troy. But because he is a man, unlike Cassandra, Aeneas can master history and triumph. The admiration of Aeneas indicates the verisimilitude Wolf brings to her tale -- Cassandra has emotions and feelings, rather than simply spouts words, as in Agamemnon.
McClure, L. (1999). Spoken like a woman. Speech and Gender in Athenian Drama.
Encyclopedia Beta. (2007). Clytemnestra Greek wife of Agamemnon. Retrieved April 9, 2007 at http://ancienthistoryabout.com.
Thalmann, W. (1985). Speech and Silence in the Oresteia. Phoenix, Vol. 39(3).
Zeitlin, F. (1965). The Motif of the Corrupted Sacrifice in Aeschylus' Oresteia.
Homer -- Was the Blind Bard a Poetic Activist for War or Peace?
Homer is a poet of war, namely the war between the Greeks and Trojans, and later in his "Odyssey," of the war between Odysseus and the gods whom would bar him from his trajectory homeward. He is a poet of war in the sense that war provides the narrative structure of how he outlines how a moral human being lives in a violent, conflict-based society. However, Homer also chronicles in his works with what might seem to the modern reader, a distinctly anti-war literary sentiment and tone. This is perhaps best embodied in the example of Odysseus himself as a character. Homer's most famous anti-hero initially attempted to simulate madness to avoid being a participant in the Trojan wartime events, because they were far away from his beloved home of Ithaca and wife Penelope.
The Myrmidon king took advantage of the opportunity and began to chase the Trojan, which had lastly realized his physical disadvantage and the fact that he had little chances of winning the combat. Hector had not been moved by his people's cries "and he stood his ground awaiting huge Achilles as he drew nearer towards him." The gods had also intervened in Achilles favor through Minerva, who tricked Agamemnon into thinking that she had been his loved brother, Deiphobus. Agamemnon responded to his brother's calls, stopping to fight Achilles, but shortly understood that he had been deceived, deducing that his "death is now indeed exceedingly near at hand." The clash had clearly been unfair, with Achilles putting an end to Hector's life both because of his physical advantage and because of the assistance received from the gods.
1. Homer. Geoffrey Stephen, Kirk. (1985). "The Iliad, a commentary." Cambridge University Press.
2. Yan, Hektor K.T. "Morality and Virtue in Poetry and Philosophy: A Reading of Homer's Iliad XXIV." Humanitas, Vol. 16, 2003.
3. Homer. Macleod, Colin. (1982). "Iliad." Cambridge University Press.
Ironically, Apollo who preferred Troy to Greece in the Trojan ar could have saved his city. Apollo's anger resulted in his beloved city of Troy's destruction. hen Cassandra warned that the Trojan horse would bring about the destruction of Troy, no one believed her, even her own father and mother.
In The Aeneid and The Iliad, both Vigil and Home show that thei chaactes ae tagic. They often do things that they don't want to do, while lamenting the easons fo thei actions. The simply give thei lives ove to fate instead of tying to take contol of what they ae doing and change it fo the bette. They also talk about what the gods have done to them, but neithe Vigil no Home makes any eal effot to potay the gods as they wee actually potayed in eithe Geek o Roman histoy.
references to Homer are more obvious and it doesn't take a great deal of practice to spot them and realize what they are. Whether one spots them all or not, it is still easy to see why The Aeneid and The Iliad compare and contrast so well with each other, as there are many facets to be looked at.
Homer. The Iliad. Trans. Robert Eagles. New York. Penguin. 1998.
Rosenberg, Donna. World Mythology. 3rd ed. Lincolnwood, IL. NTC Publishing. 1999.
classic mythology, Nestor was the wise king of Pylos, and son of Neleus (or Peleus) and father of Antilochus. He was one of the Argonauts and fought the centaur with the Lapiths. In the "Iliad," he was on the side of the Greeks at the Trojan War. He survived three generations, but he throughout that time, he remained strong and brave and continued to be an honored counselor to the warriors. In the "Odyssey," we see that the same wisdom and piety in him led the gods to allow him to return to Pylos after the Trojan War, without incurring any harm.
In Cuba's case, there has really been no real opening up from the United States to the Cuban cause and no acceptance of the Cuban 'wound'. The embargo still stands and is thoroughly imposed, there are no diplomatic relations and no direct flights between the two countries. There are no signs so far that the United States is willing to warm up to Cuba and allow it to come out of its isolation. In other words, there are really no elements to help us determine that the isolators would be willing to allow the isolated to be released.
Homer. The Odyssey: translated by Richard Lattimore. New York: Harper and Row, 1967.
Virgil. The Aeneid translated by Allen Mandelbaum. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1971.
Achilles, as a heroic and mythical figure, is representative of the Western search for immortality and truth in a world of temporality and illusion. The figure of Achilles expresses the desire within all men for a transcendence of the world in the search for truth and permanence through the quest for immortality.
This paper attempts to address the question of myth and immortality through the study of Achilles in the Iliad. The central thesis is that Achilles has a choice between human life and immortality through death. He chooses death and immortality over a mundane comfortable life. This choice makes him a heroic figure as he represents the archetypal desire of humanity to escape the finite and temporal world.
Agamemnon claims that he loves Chryseis more than his own wife, but agrees to give her up as long as he gets another prize. hen he demands Briseis from Achilles, it is clear that one sexual being can simply be traded for another in Agamemnon's eyes. Indeed, when Achilles refuses to fight because of Agamemnon's demand, it is not because Achilles deeply loves Briseis, but because he is insulted with Agamemnon's demand. The only redeeming treatment of women in the epic is the Chryses' love for his daughter, determination in getting her back again, and excitement when his request is fulfilled.
"Greek Mythology: Aphrodite (Venus)." About.com: Atheism. 2009. 20 June 2009.
Ramayana. Valmiki Ramayana. N.d. 20 June 2009.
"Ramayana: Summary." Myth Home: Mythology Site. n.d. 20 June 2009.
The piece of art, music, architecture, philosophy or literature from ancient Greece, ome, China, or India that this document will examine in depth is The Odyssey, which was written by Homer. There are numerous ways in which this piece of literature is representative of, and important to ancient Greek culture and that culture's relationship to the culture of ancient ome. In some ways, it continues the chronicles of The Iliad in that it is based on the Trojan War and its aftermath (Homer). The Trojan War, of course, is directly related to the founding of ome since Aeneas was able to flee and establish this state in the wake of the war's ending. The Odyssey, however, chronicles the fortune of a different hero, Odysseus, as he also attempts to return home from this particular martial encounter.
Homer. The Odyssey. 10th ed. trans. Samuel Butler. Gutenberg, 1999. 24 October 2008. http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext99/dyssy10.txt.
In the English language in the twenty-first century, the term "sophistry" still exists to refer to a plausible-sounding but misleading argument, an evaluatively negative term to describe bad reasoning. Although the term derives from the original Sophists in Athens in the 5th century BCE, the modern usage of the term is inaccurate in describing the likes of the Sophist Gorgias. By examining Gorgias' "Encomium of Helen" and the related "dissoi logoi" fragment (sometimes attributed to Protagoras) we can see the real origins of sophistry in legal argumentation. In a society -- like that of Athens, or like most of the contemporary world -- that believes in jury trials as a means of obtaining justice, a work like Gorgias' "Encomium of Helen" represents the idea that even the most unlikely candidates deserve a good defense.
Anonymous. "Dissoi Logoi." An Introduction to Classical Rhetoric: Essential Readings. Ed. James D. Williams. West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. 54. Print.
Gorgias. "The Encomium of Helen." An Introduction to Classical Rhetoric: Essential Readings. Ed. James D. Williams. West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. 64-66. Print.
artwork entitled "The Judgment of Paris," by Lucas Cranach the Elder. Specifically, it will briefly describe the subject of the work, and analyze the work in regard to its expressive content. What statement do you think the artist wanted to make? What techniques did the artist use to make this statement? Discuss the composition; the treatment of figures; the use of color, light/shade; scale; the treatment of space; the handling of paint; the organization of space. "The Judgment of Paris" depicts a famous mythological scene with great attention to detail and reality. Cranach's work expresses the myths of old set in his current time of the 15th and 16th centuries. His ability to combine ancient stories with modern settings might have been incongruous, but instead, his paintings are stimulating examples that blend elements to created a coherent and charming whole.
Scherer, Margaret R. The Legends of Troy in Art and Literature. 2nd ed. New York: The Phaidon Press, 1964.
One special dramatic festival was devoted to Dionysus, the Greek god of wine, and featured what were known as satyr plays, so-called because the actors portrayed half-human, half-animal roles, often in the form of a goat. The term tragedy is derived from the words "goat" and "song" and refers to plays with plots involving fierce conflicts and characters which symbolized powerful human and divine forces. Certainly, Homer's Odyssey could be viewed as one of these types of plays, due to the conflicts encountered by Odysseus on his way home to Ithaca and the will of the gods who often attempted to complicate his journeys through sorcery and magic, such as Odysseus and his troubles with Circe, the beautiful female witch that turned his men into pigs as a form of punishment.
A the ultimate example of a democratic social system with freedom, personal responsibilities and moral direction. However, although Odysseus the man was not without his faults and failures, he does symbolize the true Greek hero and citizen elite, due to his unfaltering goal to return home to his wife Penelope and to bring peace and tranquillity to Ithaca.
Connolly, Peter. The Ancient Greece of Odysseus. UK: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Nestor seems saddened by the fact that some of the best Greek warriors were killed in Troy, including Ajax, Achilles, and Patroclus as well as Nestor's own son. The fact that Nestor's own son died may make him particularly sympathetic, of course, to Telemachus' need to hear news of what happened to his father, and how the Greeks became separated at the end of the Trojan War.
2.3. The modern technological era and weapons of mass destruction.
Johnson T.J. A History of Biological Warfare from 300 B.C.E. To the Present.


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Gifts for Lovers
Summer Lovin
Giant Objects
GIFT EDITS
Artful Gift Ideas
Kaylene Whiskey
Adam JK
Arts Project Australia
Chris Ofili
Craig Damrauer
Echo Park Pottery
Frances Cannon
G-Z
Lucas Grogan
Third Drawer Down Studio
Truth Bomb
Buy Truth Bomb
Truth Bomb-Tastic Artists
Not to name drop but here are just a few of the artists we have been lucky enough to collaborate with..
Current Artists
A favourite of ours for both for his angst about modern living, his disappointment, and his cynicism
One of the most influential artists of our time, she came to prominence in the late 1970s as part of the Pictures Generation.
Arts Project Australia has aimed high since 1974 when they set out to lead and innovate in the arts and disability sectors.
Born in Adelaide as Margaret Rose McPherson in 1875, Margaret Preston had by the 1920s become one of Australia's leading modernist artists.
Del Kathryn Barton is widely recognised as one of Australia's leading figurative painters of her generation.
Charles Blackman (12 August 1928 – 20 August 2018) was one of the most important living artists from post-WWII.
Christopher O'Doherty, also known as Reg Mombassa, is an Australian musician and artist known for his work alongside Mambo Graphics
Guerilla Girls
The Guerrilla Girls are a group of anonymous artists who wear gorilla masks in public and use facts, humor and outrageous visuals to expose discrimination and corruption in art,
Judy Chicago is an artist, author of fourteen books, educator and humanist whose work and life are models for an enlarged definition of art
Using the body as a primary form, Bourgeois explored the full range of the human condition. From poetic drawings to room size installations.
Renowned for his figurative painting, landscapes and botanicals, Katz's work has been the subject of more than 200 solo exhibitions and nearly 500 group exhibitions.
Third Drawer Down Studio and New Museum worked in collaborative license to produce the Chris Ofili 'Afromuses' Couple tea towels.
Frances Cannon is a multidisciplinary artist working predominantly in drawing and painting in ink, gouache and watercolour.
Painter and photographer Marilyn Minter (American, b.1948) is best known for her hyperrealistic paintings and richly-colored photographs.
Yayoi Kusama's work has transcended two of the most important art movements of the second half of the twentieth century: Pop art and minimalism.
Chris Johanson was born in San Jose, California in 1968 and currently lives and works in Portland, Oregon and Los Angeles, California.
California-born abstract expressionist painter Sam Francis (1923–1994), is regarded as one of the 20th century's leading interpreters of light and color
One of the 20th century's most influential American artists, Robert Rauschenberg was known for his groundbreaking work as well as a spirit of generosity and social activism.
Mickalene Thomas is a New York based artist who works out of her Brooklyn studio creating elaborate paintings known for their embellished detailing.
Constantly pondering the problems our modern world puts on the interactions and relationships we have with others, Craig's art is his quantification of how humans tend to complicate everything.
David Salle was born in Norman, Oklahoma in 1952 and is an internationally acclaimed painter, printmaker and theatre designer.
Past Artists
Albert Namatjira
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Authorities release name of 14-year-old skateboarder killed in crash near Elgin
ELGIN, Ill. - Twin brothers were struck by a vehicle as they skateboarded Monday evening in unincorporated Elgin, leaving one of them dead and the other seriously injured.
The teen who died was identified as Emmanuel Delgado by the Cook County medical examiner's office.
The 14-year-olds were hit by a car about 5:30 p.m. in the 39W200 block of Highland Ave in Plato Township, according to the Kane County sheriff's office.
The teens, both of Pingree Grove, were taken to St. Joseph's Hospital in Elgin, the sheriff's office said.
Emmanuel was transferred to Lurie Children's Hospital in Chicago, where he died Thursday morning, authorities said. The other teen was released from St. Joseph's Hospital Monday night.
The driver of the car was taken to another hospital, Hain said. It was not immediately clear whether they would be cited or charged with a crime.
Chicago police release video of two suspects involved in West Pullman fatal shooting


The demand for stainless steel has doubled in the last decade and doesn't show any signs of slowing down. Due to its high strength and resistance, stainless steel is an extremely desirable material for a variety of applications in various industries. Stainless steel is an iron alloy that contains nickel and chromium that adds protective properties against corrosion and rust. Stainless steel is used in everything from construction to household appliances.
Due to the demand for this versatile material, more than 25 million tons of steel are produced each year. This great demand has placed an importance on recycling the material to avoid depleting the natural reserves. The recycling industry is a vital piece in the stainless steel production process because it provides a stable supply of quality secondary raw material.
At Consolidated Resources, Inc., we provide comprehensive stainless steel recycling solutions that include storage containers, pick-up, precise weight measurements and the ability to get your business the highest price in return. So if your business is looking for the best solution for your stainless steel recyclables, contact Consolidated Resources, Inc. today to learn how we can provide a custom solution to fit your needs.


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Why New York Couldn't Be Protected From Hurricane Ida
By Wednesday evening, the warnings had grown more dire. New Yorkers were warned of tornadoes and urged to move to higher ground. Calls to the city's 911 emergency system and 311 helpline began to surge around 8 p.m., according to city officials.
For all that, the intensity of the rains surprised forecasters.
Arthur DeGaetano, director of the Northeast Regional Climate Center at Cornell University, said the flash floods of Wednesday night resulted from not one storm but several small storms whose interactions with each other were hard to foresee. In the end, those storms ended up running over New York City, one after another.
"It was just like New York City was on the train tracks, and the storms were a train going down those tracks and they persisted for hours," he said. "I would say that the forecast for this storm, or the remnants of this storm, of heavy rain over the city a day in advance were actually pretty darn good. I don't think anybody at that point in time could have imagined six inches of rain in a six-hour period, essentially."
Indeed, on Aug. 21, Central Park saw rainfall of 1.94 inches in an hour, a byproduct of Hurricane Henri, and the most rain-per-hour in record keeping history. On Wednesday night, 3.15 inches fell in one hour, eclipsing that record.
Although no one could foresee the fierceness of two weather events 10 days apart, city officials in May released a citywide analysis of flooding caused by rainfall.
The report sought to grapple with predictions that the city would experience an increase in "extreme rainfall events" over the course of this century, including a possible 25 percent increase in annual rainfall and a substantial increase in the number of days with more than an inch of rain.
Part of that plan included a commitment by the city to update its flash flood response procedures. Among other things, it said that by 2023, the city should "predraft messaging regarding potential dangers for residents living in basement dwellings to be used for outreach and notification in advance of forecasted extreme rain events."
On board with net zero: the transport boss trying to drive down emissions | Go-Ahead
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Olyester ® is a polyester film with excellent transparency and gloss. It is great with printing and coloring comes out beautiful. It can be printed in multiple colors at high speed. You can design however you want.
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Today's theme music came out when I was three years old. It's so damn popular, though, I imagine anyone who follows American pop-culture even peripherally is familiar with it.
The Isley Brothers originated "Shout". Mom was an Isley Brothers fan, so of course I grew up hearing it. The song made a huge comeback when Otis Day and the Knights performed it in Animal House (1978). It then became quite popular for dead bug dancing. Green Day and Robbie Williams both did the song. The song was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Come on, you must know one version of it.


This week we look at how Lifetime ISA take-ups have gone and we check out the details of a growing investment service which is pretty cheap for larger accounts.
Just to recap (because there are so many flipping types of ISA these days!!)... a Lifetime ISA is a Cash or Stocks and Shares account that can be opened by anyone aged between 18 and 40. You can add up to £4,000 each year, which the government will top up with another 25% – so potentially adding an extra £1,000 per year to your savings. The catch is that your savings must be used to purchase a first home or save for retirement. For anything else there are 25% exit fees, which take back the 25% Government bonus, as well as taking a small slice out of your savings.
LISAs have been a bit slow to catch on. Skipton Building Society was the only group to offer a Cash LISA (as opposed to a Stocks and Shares LISA) up until August 2018. Since then, you can now also choose Cash LISAs from Newcastle Building Society as well as Nottingham Building Society.
Only a handful of firms offer Stocks and Shares LISAs - Nutmeg is probably the best for investment newcomers and we'd suggest AJ Bell Youinvest or Hargreaves Lansdown for those who want to dig a little deeper into the stock market.
In other news this week, Interactive Investor announced some pricing changes. These guys are ramping up and have bought TD Direct Investing which makes them the second biggest broker in Blighty. They'll also be adding Trustnet Direct to the fold. You will pay a flat £22.50 per quarter for their investment accounts regardless of how much you hold. Charges for their pension are also reportedly increasing from £96 to £120 a year.
If you're currently with TD, the move to a flat fee means you're likely to see your charges fall if you have more than about £30,000.
Reviews on our website for Interactive Investor tend to focus on the platform's low charges but are less happy with the website and service. They're clearly in an ambitious growth phase with a new board and chief exec. They do have work to do to get their service to the same level as the pricier giant Hargreaves. It will be interesting to see how they tackle this. It's certainly another challenge to Hargreaves who start to look just too expensive for larger accounts.
If you're in your 20s and 30s, holding down a job, but struggling with a toxic combo of ever-higher rents, rising costs of living and possibly student debt too - you might be a Rebellious Renter.
We can't wave a magic wand but we can share some quick ways to get ahead and max out what you're entitled to.
How can I save for that house which feels so far from reality?
We talk Help-To-Buy ISAs and other options which can get you on the right path.


text:
Active optical fibres
The incorporation of rare-earth ions into glass fibres to form fibre lasers and amplifiers is not a recent development. In fact the first glass laser ever demonstrated was flash-pumped in the form of an optical fibre, a configuration which was used to overcome the difficulties of obtaining high-quality glass in bulk form. Apart from a report in 1974 of laser operation in an Nd3+-doped silica multimode fibre, the idea of guided-wave glass lasers attracted little attention for the next 24 years. The idea resurfaced in 1985 because both optical-fibre and laser-diode technologies had advanced to a stage where low-loss, rare-earth-doped, single-mode fibres could be made and high-power semiconductor sources were available to pump them. In addition, low-cost fibre components (couplers, polarisers, filters) were available which allowed construction of complex, all-fibre ring and Fabry-Perot resonators' to form a unique and powerful new fibre-laser technology. Even so, it was only the announcement in 1987 of a high-gain, erbium-doped fibre amplifier' (EDFA) operating in the third telecommunications wavelength-window at 1.54µm that sparked widespread interest in rare-earth-doped fibres in the optical telecommunications community. From that moment, frenzied worldwide activity has brought numerous new fibre amplifier developments and recently resulted in several commercial products appearing, a time-lag of only three years after the first research announcement. The fibre laser, on the other hand, is only now beginning to receive widespread attention as a possible contender for a well-controlled, stable light source for telecommunications, despite its obvious advantages of high-power pulsed operation, single-frequency capability, ease of access to the resonator and compatibility with communications fibre.
Payne, D.N.
4f592b24-707f-456e-b2c6-8a6f750e296d
Payne, D.N. (1990) Active optical fibres. Opt'90: 2nd International Conference on Optoelectronics, Japan. 07 - 09 Nov 1990.
Venue - Dates: Opt'90: 2nd International Conference on Optoelectronics, Japan, 1990-11-07 - 1990-11-09
http://www.orc.soton.ac.uk/vie...ml?pid=503
Learn more about Optoelectronics Research Centre research
PURE UUID: 8c5100ab-af55-4920-8e9c-269c2abd7e4f
Date deposited: 11 Mar 2010
Author: D.N. Payne
Faculties (pre 2011 reorg) > Faculty of Engineering Science & Maths (pre 2011 reorg) > Optoelectronics Research Centre (pre 2011 reorg)
Current Faculties > Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences > Zepler Institute for Photonics and Nanoelectronics > Optoelectronics Research Centre (pre 2011 reorg)
Zepler Institute for Photonics and Nanoelectronics > Optoelectronics Research Centre (pre 2011 reorg)


text:
Andy Burnham outlines future transport network plan for Manchester
Posted: 24 June 2019 | Intelligent Transport | No comments yet
The Mayor has set out his plan for a London-style integrated transport system for Greater Manchester and calls on central government to once and for all close the North-South divide.
The Mayor of Greater Manchester, Andy Burnham, has launched Our Network, his 10-year plan to create an integrated, modern and accessible public transport system.
The Mayor outlined the projects and policies he intends to implement to create a world-class public transport system for the people of Greater Manchester, accompanied by an animated map that shows how public transport connections across the city-region will grow and develop in four phases over the next decade.
Our Network will be an integrated, simple and convenient London-style transport system; allowing people to change easily between different modes of transport; with simple affordable ticketing and an aspiration to have a London-style cap across all modes; with orbital routes that allow people to travel around the city region, as well as in and out of the city centre. Cycling, walking and buses will be accessible and convenient for short journeys, with interchanges and transport hubs enabling people to easily transfer to tram or train for longer journeys.
Our Network will also be built on the principles already governing Metrolink: convenient; affordable; sustainable; accessible and accountable.
The Mayor announced a key milestone in Greater Manchester's bus reform journey, as an assessment into the future of the city-region's bus market has now been completed and recommends franchising as its preferred option.
The assessment will be considered by the Greater Manchester Combined Authority (GMCA) on the 28 June. The GMCA will decide whether to proceed with the scheme and approve the assessment for independent audit. If this is approved, an independent auditor will be appointed. Once the audit has been completed, the GMCA would then decide whether to proceed with a statutory public consultation on the assessment.
Greater Manchester is the first city-region seeking to make use of the new powers under the Bus Services Act 2017 and the first to test this legislation – so is leading the way nationally in this regard.
The Mayor also announced that as a part of the integrated transport system, contactless payment will launch shortly on Metrolink, a new bike hire scheme including electric bikes will be launched in 2020, expanded Park and Ride schemes at transport hubs and innovative partnerships with Google that will improve travel information and advice.
The Mayor also called on the government to devolve the required funding and powers, as recommended by the National Infrastructure Commission, to deliver the projects and close the gap in transport funding between the north and the south.
Andy Burnham, the Mayor of Greater Manchester, said: "Our current public transport system is fragmented and unreliable, with often confusing ticketing and passenger information. A truly integrated transport network has the potential to transform Greater Manchester. By allowing people to easily and quickly move around our city-region we can unlock growth, cut congestion and air pollution and enable our residents to lead fulfilling and rewarding lives.
"That is why I have launched Our Network, a vision for a cohesive and seamless single system that brings together all the different ways people travel in our city-region.
"An important part of this is reforming our bus market. We've reached a key milestone with the completion of the assessment into the future of Greater Manchester's bus market, which recommends franchising as its preferred option and to be considered further by the GMCA. We're the first city-region seeking to make use of the new powers under the Bus Services Act and the first to test this legislation – so are leading the way nationally in this regard.
"Other vital parts of our integrated transport network will include more trams, a new bike hire scheme, free bus travel for 16-18-year olds, contactless payment on Metrolink, expanded Park and Ride, pathfinder tram-train projects and setting out our ambition for GM Rail.
"To achieve our full transport ambition, Greater Manchester needs the infrastructure and the necessary political powers. For too long, central government has over promised and under delivered when it comes to the North. If the next government is serious about closing the North-South divide, a critical step forward will be empowering us with the necessary powers and funding to improve our transport. I will be making this case strongly in the next Spending Review on behalf of the people and businesses of Greater Manchester."
Infrastructure & Urban Planning, Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), Mobility Services, Multimodality, Ticketing & Payments
Bus & Coach, Electric bike, Metro, Trams
Greater Manchester Combined Authority (GMCA), Metrolink
Andy Burnham
Autonomous vehicle testing in the UK to be powered by O2's 5G network
Is now the time for open-loop transit in the United States?
By John Elliott - Consult Hyperion, Simon Laker - Consult Hyperion
UK government funds projects that could stop potholes from forming
A first look at the Justride Validator being unboxed
By Masabi


BWSR's Reinvest in Minnesota (RIM) Reserve program is a critical component of the state's efforts to improve water quality by reducing soil erosion, and phosphorus and nitrogen loading, and improving wildlife habitat and flood attenuation on private lands. RIM Reserve is implemented in cooperation with county SWCDs. The RIM Reserve program compensates landowners for granting conservation easements and establishing native vegetation habitat on economically marginal, flood-prone, environmentally sensitive or highly erodible lands. The program protects the state's water and soil resources by permanently restoring wetlands, adjacent native grassland wildlife habitat complexes and permanent riparian buffers.
The Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources (BWSR) acquires, on behalf of the state, conservation easements to permanently protect, restore and manage critical natural resources without owning the land outright. The land remains in private ownership and the landowner retains responsibility for maintenance and paying applicable real estate taxes and assessments. BWSR provides statewide program coordination and administration and implementation at the local level is done by county Soil & Water Conservation Districts (SWCDs).


Compassionate Private Duty Nurse evaluating and observing patient conditions in a home setting while administering medications and carrying out physician instructions. Interact with patients to provide optimal support. Highly adaptive when it comes to personalizing care needs.
Provide essential information to family members and courteously answer any questions.
Implement all medical instructions as per physician instructions.
Assess care needs of each patient.
Supervised diets of each patient.
Took vital signs and reported any changes in medical condition to the patient's primary care physician.
Administered medications, gave annual vaccinations for the flu and ensured that patients took their oral medications as prescribed.
Observed, recorded and reported symptoms.
Ensured that a proper hygienic environment was maintained in the area of the home where the patient spent most of their time.
Transported patients to medical appointments.
Participated in regular treatment meetings with medical staff and family members to assess patient needs and determine the best possible care options.
Quickly responded to emergency situations.


Trust and know this stirring is from me and do not be afraid. Do not be confused. Do not permit your past experiences to cast a dark shadow upon today, for they were all valuable and necessary. Do not dismiss the significance of your present experiences, for they are setting the stage for tomorrow. I am awakening new appetites and capacities within you.


Hotel St Moritz is the ideal venue for an effortlessly stylish Queenstown event, complete with innovative, memorable touches. A dedicated events space, The Den caters for customised meetings and private events, with phenomenal panoramic views.
There is keen attention paid to every detail, ensuring every setting is tremendously personalised, current and a little unexpected.
Our stylish venues provide a beautiful backdrop to business events and family festivities while our expert organizers make sure every occasion leaves a lasting impression.
A recent exclusive use incentive meant a welcome dinner event for 265 guests. Nicely accommodated across the four spaces of Lombardi, a wonderful party ensued.


A VERY NICE LOOKING ANTIQUE VINTAGE ALADDIN MODEL B TABLE TOP LINCOLN DRAPE DESIGN MILK GLASS KEROSENE LAMP WITH VINTAGE GLASS SHADE BUT NO GLASS FLUTE, THAT YOU WOULD HAVE TO REPLACE, WAS NOT THERE WHEN FOUND. THE LAMP BASE HAS NO DAMAGE TO IT, GREAT LOOKING DESIGN. IT STANDS 14 INCHES TALL TO TOP OF METAL BURNER.
I CANNOT TURN THE KNOB WHERE IT SAYS ALADDIN, IT TURNS JUST A BIT TO EACH SIDE, NOT SURE IF THAT IS HOW IT IS SUPPOSE TO BE.... OR YOU MIGHT HAVE TO REPLACE IT, AGAIN NOT SURE. STILL A NICE LOOKING LAMP. The item "ALADDIN Model B Table Lamp SHORT LINCOLN DRAPE W GLASS SHADE-NO FLUTE" is in sale since Sunday, January 20, 2019. This item is in the category "Collectibles\Lamps, Lighting\Lamps\ Non-Electric\Kerosene".
The seller is "moogee49" and is located in Chula Vista, California. This item can be shipped to United States.


"Heroes – Bowie by Sukita", is an exhibit promoted by OEO Firenze and Le Nozze di Figaro with Città Metropolitana, dedicated to David Bowie, icon of pop culture, portrayed by an undisputed master of photography: Masayoshi Sukita.
The exhibition, which has the Patronage of the city of Florence is curated by ONO Arte Contemporanea and presents more than 90 photographs, some of which are displayed in national premiere, which retrace a partnership that lasted over forty years between one of the most revolutionary artists of the twentieth century and the great Master of Photography. Not only the iconic shots that illustrated the cover of the album "HEROES", but also historical photographs taken from the personal archive of Sukita that tell a friendship that began in the Seventies. The catalogue is published by OEO Firenze.
Palazzo Medici Riccardi, the fifteenth-century residence of the Medici family, will host the images depicting the Thin White Duke, one of the most significant artists in the history of contemporary culture, who has been able to elevate rock music to the art form. Florence, with this exhibition pays its personal tribute to Bowie, opening the doors of one of its palaces richer in history and charm. Old and modern blend giving the chance to the visitors, with the same ticket, to admire the wonderful work that Sukita has dedicated to the Bowie artist and friend, but also to visit the prestigious palace.
During the three months of the exhibition, there will be many collateral events in the style of Bowie. The company Le Nozze di Figaro will coordinate a set of acoustic concerts of musicians in the courtyard of the palace and the fans of Bowie will be able to find at the bookshop a rich choice of books and merchandising dedicated to him.


We at The Cats Meow, are excited about providing exceptional feline veterinary health care services, and we are seeing cats live longer, with quality of life. We do this through frequent geriatric cat evaluations. This allows us to intervene before a problem becomes too advanced to treat. And all ages of kittens and cats benefit from our Veterinarian's extensive clinical practice experience and compassionate care.
At The Cat's Meow Cat Clinic in Sebastian, Florida we offer a variety of services to care for your pet. If you have any questions or would like more information on how we can care for your pet, please contact us today.
Listed below is only a few of the services we offer, for a more complete list please visit our Services page.


OMG Posters! » Archive "Sacrifice" Art Print and Woodcut by Sin Eater - OMG Posters!
I've been admiring Sin Eater's work for awhile now, so I was happy to see a stunning new print available from him today. "Sacrifice" is a 12″ x 12″ giclee, has an edition of 40, and costs £20. There is also a woodcut version with an edition of 15 for £40. Visit his shop.


Spacious 1BR with balcony in River Place! Nice view of pool area. Just freshly painted and cleaned. Features hardwood floors, Berber carpet in bedroom. Coop fee includes all utilities, health & fitness center, pool, concierge service, security patrol.


- Look for a phrase.
Example - type science lectures to find the exact phrase science lectures. Since the search is not case-sensitive, this is equivalent to Science Lectures.
- Look for two or more words at once by using the AND operator.
Example - type science AND lectures to find documents that have both the word science and the word lectures anywhere.
- Look for words that are close to each other by using the NEAR operator instead of the AND operator. When you use NEAR, the closer together the words are, the higher the rank of the page, so the higher it appears in the list of search results.
Example - type science NEAR lectures to match documents where the word science is within 50 words of the word .
- Look for synonyms or similar words by using the OR operator. Note that if you don't use the OR operator and search using multiple words, the words are treated as a phrase.
Example - type lions OR tigers to find the word lions or the word tigers, but not necessarily both.
- Limit your search by using the AND NOT operator to exclude words.
Example - type surfing AND NOT the Internet to find all instances of surfing, as long as surfing is not followed by the phrase the Internet.
- Use a single asterisk (*) to look for words that begin with the same letters.
Example - type key* to find key, keying, keyhole, keyboard, and so on.
- Use a double asterisk (**) to look for all forms of a word.
Example - type fly** to match fly, flew, flown, and flying.


text:
import unittest
from tests.workspace.workspacetest import WorkspaceTest
from geoscript.workspace import H2

class H2Workspace_Test(WorkspaceTest):

  def setUp(self):
    self.ws = H2('acme', 'work')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: C++ - Matrix subtraction I'm doing some very basic Linear Algebra and I'm probably missing the point completely here.
Let's say I have the following matrices:
v1 = [5, 8]
v2 = [3, 4]
v3 = [4, 4]
v4 = [2, 1]

Expected output:
M1 = [5 - 3, 8 - 4] = [2, 4]
M2 = [4 - 2, 4 - 1] = [2, 3]

Actual output:
0 0
0 0
2 4
-1 0
2 3

Here is the code:
std::vector<double> calculate(std::vector<double> values, std::vector<double> values2)
{
    std::vector<double> vel(2, 0);

    for(unsigned i=0; (i < values.size()); i++)
    {
        vel[i] = values[i] - values2[i];
    }

    return vel;
}

  std::vector<std::vector<double> > values = { {5,8}, {3, 4}, {4, 4}, {2, 1}};

    std::vector<std::vector<double> > v;

    v.resize(2);

    for(unsigned i=0; (i < values.size()-1); i++)
    {
        v[i].resize(2);
        v.push_back(calculate(values[i], values[i + 1]));
        //v[i] = calculate(values[i], values[i + 1]);
    }

    for(unsigned i=0; (i < v.size()); i++)
    {
        for(unsigned j=0; (j < v[i].size()); j++)
        {
            std::cout << v[i][j] << " ";
        }
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }

The problem being is that, the following should iterate over 4 times, calculating the 4 matrices, and the final resulting 2D vector should only contain 2 values.
I'm probably missing something stupid.

A: v.resize(2); // now it contains `{{} {}}`.
for(unsigned i=0; (i < values.size()-1); i++) //for each input except the last (3 iterations)
                    //starting with {5,8} and {3,4}
    v[i].resize(2); //resize one of the vectors already in v to 2
                    //now v contains {{0,0}, {}
    v.push_back(calculate(values[i], values[i + 1])); //push back the calculations
                    //now v contains {{0,0}, {}, {2,4}}
for(............. (i < values.size()-1); i++)
                    //next the middle pair of inputs  {3,4} and {4,4}
    v[i].resize(2); //resize one of the vectors already in v to 2
                    //now v contains {{0,0}, {0,0}, {2,4}}
    v.push_back(calculate(values[i], values[i + 1])); //push back the calculations
                    //now v contains {{0,0}, {0,0}, {2,4}, {-1,0}}
for(............. (i < values.size()-1); i++)
                    //finally the last pair of inputs  {4,4} and {2,1}
    v[i].resize(2); //resize the {2,4} to 2, but it was already two
                    //now v contains {{0,0}, {0,0}, {2,4}, {-1,0}}
    v.push_back(calculate(values[i], values[i + 1])); //push back the calculations
                    //now v contains {{0,0}, {0,0}, {2,4}, {-1,0}, {2,3}}
for(............. (i < values.size()-1); ....) //done iterating

Do you have a debugger?  It's really important to learn how to step through code like this, have someone show you, or find a tutorial.  Stepping through this code in a debugger would have made it obvious what was going on to you.
Luckily, the code is REALLY easy to fix:
std::vector<std::vector<double> > v;

for(unsigned i=0; i<values.size()-1; i+=2) //NOTE: i+=2!!!
{
    v.push_back(calculate(values[i], values[i + 1]));
}

Proof: http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/827a0183f1e7c582

A: for(unsigned i=0; (i < values.size()-1); i++)
{
    v[i].resize(2);
    v.push_back(calculate(values[i], values[i + 1]));
    //v[i] = calculate(values[i], values[i + 1]);
}

This loop operates on two elements of values, so the counter needs to increase by 2 per iteration. otherwise you would subtract v1-v2, v2-v3, v3-v4 and so on. Also there is no need to determine the vector size prior to the push_back (and it actually dangerous, because the index is likely out-of-bounds before the element is pushed back).
for(unsigned i=0; (i < values.size()-1); i+=2)
{
    //v[i].resize(2);
    v.push_back(calculate(values[i], values[i + 1]));
    //v[i] = calculate(values[i], values[i + 1]);
}

As pointed out by others v.resize(2); shouldn't be there either because it just adds two empty elements initially, which you don't want.

A: v.resize(2);

I don't know what you were expecting the above to do, but this (coupled with the code below) is what is responsible for those first two lines of output.
for(unsigned i=0; (i < values.size()-1); i++)
{
    v[i].resize(2);

I don't know what you were expecting the above to do, but this (coupled with the code above) is what is responsible for those first two lines of output.
Here's what's happening: Your first resize (the resize outside the loop) populates v with two empty vectors. The first two passes through the loop populate v[0] and v[1] as vectors of doubles with two elements that are both zero.
    v.push_back(calculate(values[i], values[i + 1]));

This will ultimately add three more elements to v, one being {5,8}-{3, 4}={2,4}, the next being {3,4}-{4,4}={-1,0}, and the last being {4,4}-{2,1}={2,3}. So your output should be
0 0
0 0
2 4
-1 0
2 3

To get rid of those first two lines, simply delete the two calls to resize. To get rid of the penultimate line (that -1 0 that is between the two desired lines of output), change your loop increment from one (i++) to two (i += 2).

A: This output
    0 0
    0 0
    2 4
   -1 0
    2 3

can be explained very simply
At first using method resize
v.resize(2);

you added two empty std::vector  in vector v.
Then in loop
for(unsigned i=0; (i < values.size()-1); i++)
{
    v[i].resize(2);
    v.push_back(calculate(values[i], values[i + 1]));
    //v[i] = calculate(values[i], values[i + 1]);
}

you resized each of them. So now v[0] and v[1] are
0 0
0 0

And then you get subtraction of
values[0] - values[1]
values[1] - values[2]
values[2] - values[3]

After that vector v was appended with
    2 4
   -1 0
    2 3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package org.apache.catalina.connector;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.AsyncContext;
import javax.servlet.DispatcherType;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.http.Part;

import org.apache.catalina.Globals;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.res.StringManager;

import org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityUtil;

/**
 * Facade class that wraps a Coyote request object.
 * All methods are delegated to the wrapped request.
 *
 * @author Craig R. McClanahan
 * @author Remy Maucherat
 * @author Jean-Francois Arcand
 * @version $Id: RequestFacade.java 939305 2010-04-29 13:43:39Z kkolinko $
 */

@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public class RequestFacade implements HttpServletRequest {

    // ----------------------------------------------------------- DoPrivileged

    private final class GetAttributePrivilegedAction
            implements PrivilegedAction<Enumeration<String>> {

        public Enumeration<String> run() {
            return request.getAttributeNames();
        }
    }

    private final class GetParameterMapPrivilegedAction
            implements PrivilegedAction<Map<String,String[]>> {

        public Map<String,String[]> run() {
            return request.getParameterMap();
        }
    }

    private final class GetRequestDispatcherPrivilegedAction
            implements PrivilegedAction<RequestDispatcher> {

        private String path;

        public GetRequestDispatcherPrivilegedAction(String path){
            this.path = path;
        }

        public RequestDispatcher run() {
            return request.getRequestDispatcher(path);
        }
    }

    private final class GetParameterPrivilegedAction
            implements PrivilegedAction<String> {

        public String name;

        public GetParameterPrivilegedAction(String name){
            this.name = name;
        }

        public String run() {
            return request.getParameter(name);
        }
    }

    private final class GetParameterNamesPrivilegedAction
            implements PrivilegedAction<Enumeration<String>> {

        public Enumeration<String> run() {
            return request.getParameterNames();
        }
    }

    private final class GetParameterValuePrivilegedAction
            implements PrivilegedAction<String[]> {

        public String name;

        public GetParameterValuePrivilegedAction(String name){
            this.name = name;
        }

        public String[] run() {
            return request.getParameterValues(name);
        }
    }

    private final class GetCookiesPrivilegedAction
            implements PrivilegedAction<Cookie[]> {

        public Cookie[] run() {
            return request.getCookies();
        }
    }

    private final class GetCharacterEncodingPrivilegedAction
            implements PrivilegedAction<String> {

        public String run() {
            return request.getCharacterEncoding();
        }
    }

    private final class GetHeadersPrivilegedAction
            implements PrivilegedAction<Enumeration<String>> {

        private String name;

        public GetHeadersPrivilegedAction(String name){
            this.name = name;
        }

        public Enumeration<String> run() {
            return request.getHeaders(name);
        }
    }

    private final class GetHeaderNamesPrivilegedAction
            implements PrivilegedAction<Enumeration<String>> {

        public Enumeration<String> run() {
            return request.getHeaderNames();
        }
    }

    private final class GetLocalePrivilegedAction
            implements PrivilegedAction<Locale> {

        public Locale run() {
            return request.getLocale();
        }
    }

    private final class GetLocalesPrivilegedAction
            implements PrivilegedAction<Enumeration<Locale>> {

        public Enumeration<Locale> run() {
            return request.getLocales();
        }
    }

    private final class GetSessionPrivilegedAction
            implements PrivilegedAction<HttpSession> {

        private boolean create;

        public GetSessionPrivilegedAction(boolean create){
            this.create = create;
        }

        public HttpSession run() {
            return request.getSession(create);
        }
    }

    // ----------------------------------------------------------- Constructors

    /**
     * Construct a wrapper for the specified request.
     *
     * @param request The request to be wrapped
     */
    public RequestFacade(Request request) {

        this.request = request;

    }

    // ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables

    /**
     * The wrapped request.
     */
    protected Request request = null;

    /**
     * The string manager for this package.
     */
    protected static final StringManager sm =
        StringManager.getManager(Constants.Package);

    // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods

    /**
     * Clear facade.
     */
    public void clear() {
        request = null;
    }

    /**
     * Prevent cloning the facade.
     */
    @Override
    protected Object clone()
        throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        throw new CloneNotSupportedException();
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------- ServletRequest Methods

    public Object getAttribute(String name) {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getAttribute(name);
    }

    public Enumeration<String> getAttributeNames() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED){
            return AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new GetAttributePrivilegedAction());
        } else {
            return request.getAttributeNames();
        }
    }

    public String getCharacterEncoding() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED){
            return AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new GetCharacterEncodingPrivilegedAction());
        } else {
            return request.getCharacterEncoding();
        }
    }

    public void setCharacterEncoding(String env)
            throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        request.setCharacterEncoding(env);
    }

    public int getContentLength() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getContentLength();
    }

    public String getContentType() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getContentType();
    }

    public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getInputStream();
    }

    public String getParameter(String name) {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED){
            return AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new GetParameterPrivilegedAction(name));
        } else {
            return request.getParameter(name);
        }
    }

    public Enumeration<String> getParameterNames() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED){
            return AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new GetParameterNamesPrivilegedAction());
        } else {
            return request.getParameterNames();
        }
    }

    public String[] getParameterValues(String name) {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        String[] ret = null;

        /*
         * Clone the returned array only if there is a security manager
         * in place, so that performance won't suffer in the non-secure case
         */
        if (SecurityUtil.isPackageProtectionEnabled()){
            ret = AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new GetParameterValuePrivilegedAction(name));
            if (ret != null) {
                ret = ret.clone();
            }
        } else {
            ret = request.getParameterValues(name);
        }

        return ret;
    }

    public Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED){
            return AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new GetParameterMapPrivilegedAction());
        } else {
            return request.getParameterMap();
        }
    }

    public String getProtocol() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getProtocol();
    }

    public String getScheme() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getScheme();
    }

    public String getServerName() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getServerName();
    }

    public int getServerPort() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getServerPort();
    }

    public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getReader();
    }

    public String getRemoteAddr() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getRemoteAddr();
    }

    public String getRemoteHost() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getRemoteHost();
    }

    public void setAttribute(String name, Object o) {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        request.setAttribute(name, o);
    }

    public void removeAttribute(String name) {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        request.removeAttribute(name);
    }

    public Locale getLocale() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED){
            return AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new GetLocalePrivilegedAction());
        } else {
            return request.getLocale();
        }
    }

    public Enumeration<Locale> getLocales() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED){
            return AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new GetLocalesPrivilegedAction());
        } else {
            return request.getLocales();
        }
    }

    public boolean isSecure() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.isSecure();
    }

    public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path) {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED){
            return AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new GetRequestDispatcherPrivilegedAction(path));
        } else {
            return request.getRequestDispatcher(path);
        }
    }

    public String getRealPath(String path) {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getRealPath(path);
    }

    public String getAuthType() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getAuthType();
    }

    public Cookie[] getCookies() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        Cookie[] ret = null;

        /*
         * Clone the returned array only if there is a security manager
         * in place, so that performance won't suffer in the non-secure case
         */
        if (SecurityUtil.isPackageProtectionEnabled()){
            ret = AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new GetCookiesPrivilegedAction());
            if (ret != null) {
                ret = ret.clone();
            }
        } else {
            ret = request.getCookies();
        }

        return ret;
    }

    public long getDateHeader(String name) {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getDateHeader(name);
    }

    public String getHeader(String name) {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getHeader(name);
    }

    public Enumeration<String> getHeaders(String name) {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED){
            return AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new GetHeadersPrivilegedAction(name));
        } else {
            return request.getHeaders(name);
        }
    }

    public Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED){
            return AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new GetHeaderNamesPrivilegedAction());
        } else {
            return request.getHeaderNames();
        }
    }

    public int getIntHeader(String name) {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getIntHeader(name);
    }

    public String getMethod() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getMethod();
    }

    public String getPathInfo() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getPathInfo();
    }

    public String getPathTranslated() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getPathTranslated();
    }

    public String getContextPath() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getContextPath();
    }

    public String getQueryString() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getQueryString();
    }

    public String getRemoteUser() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getRemoteUser();
    }

    public boolean isUserInRole(String role) {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.isUserInRole(role);
    }

    public java.security.Principal getUserPrincipal() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getUserPrincipal();
    }

    public String getRequestedSessionId() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getRequestedSessionId();
    }

    public String getRequestURI() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getRequestURI();
    }

    public StringBuffer getRequestURL() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getRequestURL();
    }

    public String getServletPath() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getServletPath();
    }

    public HttpSession getSession(boolean create) {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        if (SecurityUtil.isPackageProtectionEnabled()){
            return AccessController.
                doPrivileged(new GetSessionPrivilegedAction(create));
        } else {
            return request.getSession(create);
        }
    }

    public HttpSession getSession() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return getSession(true);
    }

    public boolean isRequestedSessionIdValid() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.isRequestedSessionIdValid();
    }

    public boolean isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie();
    }

    public boolean isRequestedSessionIdFromURL() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.isRequestedSessionIdFromURL();
    }

    public boolean isRequestedSessionIdFromUrl() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.isRequestedSessionIdFromURL();
    }

    public String getLocalAddr() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getLocalAddr();
    }

    public String getLocalName() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getLocalName();
    }

    public int getLocalPort() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getLocalPort();
    }

    public int getRemotePort() {

        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getRemotePort();
    }

    public ServletContext getServletContext() {
        if (request == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                            sm.getString("requestFacade.nullRequest"));
        }

        return request.getServletContext();
    }

    public AsyncContext startAsync() throws IllegalStateException {
        return request.startAsync();
    }

    public AsyncContext startAsync(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
    throws IllegalStateException {
        return request.startAsync(request, response);
    }

    public boolean isAsyncStarted() {
        return request.isAsyncStarted();
    }

    public boolean isAsyncSupported() {
        return request.isAsyncSupported();
    }

    public AsyncContext getAsyncContext() {
        return request.getAsyncContext();
    }

    public DispatcherType getDispatcherType() {
        return request.getDispatcherType();
    }

    public boolean authenticate(HttpServletResponse response)
    throws IOException, ServletException {
        return request.authenticate(response);
    }

    public void login(String username, String password)
    throws ServletException {
        request.login(username, password);
    }

    public void logout() throws ServletException {
        request.logout();
    }

    public Collection<Part> getParts() throws IllegalStateException,
            IOException, ServletException {
        return request.getParts();
    }

    public Part getPart(String name) throws IllegalStateException, IOException,
            ServletException {
        return request.getPart(name);
    }

    public boolean getAllowTrace() {
        return request.getConnector().getAllowTrace();
    }

}


The IHSAA Football Sectional gets underway this Friday night and all four Wabash County teams are in action. Northfield and Southwood are Single A classification schools, while Wabash and Manchester are 2A.
In last week's action, Southwood beat Northfield 47-37 in an action packed TRC Championship game, Wabash bested Whitko 28-22 and Manchester beat Maconaquah 25-17.
High School football moves to week No.9, the final week of the regular season. And in these parts, it's the Three Rivers Championship game week.
The TRC has 10 teams. There are two divisions. Week No.9 is a cross division matchup that determines the final order of the conference. It is seeded in each division with tie breakers so it becomes clear cut as to what the final week matchups are based on the regular season games.
Both the Wabash and Manchester girls soccer teams bowed out in the championship games of their respective sectionals on Saturday.
Manchester fell to Blackhawk, 1-0 on Saturday, while Wabash lost to Eastbrook, 3-0.
CULVER -- The Wabash boys tennis ended its season Tuesday night, 2-3 against Warsaw in regional play. The Apaches ended with a record of 20-2.
Luke Mattern at No.2 singles won 6-2 7-5 finishing his season unbeaten, having not dropped a set all year.
Five Wabash County cross country teams advanced to the IHSAA regional round.
The Wabash boys team finished second at the Marion Sectional and Southwood was fifth to advance, while Manchester was fifth at the Culver Academies Sectional.
Wabash won the boys Three Rivers Conference cross country championship, while Manchester was second.
The Apaches won with 40 points, followed by the Squires with 87. Southwood was fifth with 122 points, and Northfield was seventh with 159.
For Wabash, Dereck Vogel was second overall in 16:36, Koby Prater was third in 15:46.1, Zack Reed was sixth in 17:13.5, Blakely Stevens was 14th in 18:05.3, and Jacob Bruss was 15th in 18:08.1.
The final two weeks of the regular season is all that is left for Wabash County High School football. It continues on Friday night. The Sectional pairings were drawn on Sunday at the IHSAA office. But first, here is a recap of last week's action. Northfield beat Maconaquah 34-7, Wabash lost to North Miami 41-0, Manchester beat Whitko 34-14 and Southwood beat Peru 55-28.
PERU -- The Wabash boys tennis team captured the 2017 sectional title to continue an historic season with a 4-1 win over Peru.
The Apaches improved to 20-1 with the two sectional wins and advanced to the Culver Regional by winning the sectional title.
"Going into the match, we felt confident, and we felt that if we could win at 2-doubles, that would really give us confidence moving forward," Wabash coach Niko Macaluso said.


Instant messaging group chats are gradually evolving from just messaging. Whether it is on WhatsApp, Skype, BBM, Telegram or some other platform, users of these features are adapting them to their own unique needs and purposes. I have given some thought to how these platforms have been evolving and find it fascinating.
I must confess that I have not been very active in chat groups. For example, I belong to an old boys and girls group with 132 members. It is great to be in touch with former classmates, but then I wake up in the morning to find over 200 messages from different participants waiting to be read. I promptly close the chat. That is just too much for me to handle.
Besides my old students groups, I have put group chats to good use with my nuclear and extended family, as well as for work and in group training situations. It has been a very effective medium.
EyeBeeKay has asked me to look at the possibility of creating a Telegram group as an extension of MobilityArena. He tells me that you can pin posts in a Telegram group and that you can use bots too. Pinning a message/post means it is in each participant's face all the time, he said. from what I have read up on my side, I see that telgram now has channels support, just like BBM.
How Influential Are Group Chats?
Bots can be used to monetise a Telegram group and receiving payments via PayPal. This article provides some useful information about that.
It looks like while the world was fixated on social media platforms, instant messaging platforms got busy evolving into a different kind of digital community. People are active in WhatsApp and Telegram groups every hour of the day.
As a matter of fact, Instant Messaging apps have become a challenge to social media as a news source.
Group chats in WhatsApp and Telegram especially are probably more influential than they may appear to be at first glance. It is arguable that people are more active there than they are on any social media platform.
As a matter of fact, some of the interactions and activities that make and break social media communities are concluded inside group chats. They are better suited to pursuing and executing common agendas. While social media is mostly about open interactions, where many strangers pretend to be friends, group chats are populated with people who either know one another or have a common interest.
Think of influencer groups, religious groups, residential association groups, training/educational groups, family groups, and even political groups. Imagine the possibilities of what a Telegram-based political group of 100,000 members can achieve or at least attempt.
The MobilityArena Telegram SuperGroup has been created and everyone is welcome to join in. This is a great place for mobilistas to mingle, share, give us tips for the blog, ask questions and get help with everything mobile and digital. There is room for 100,000 of us, so let's hop in. I look forward to seeing you there.