text:
Posts Tagged 'Hong Kong ferry disaster'
Hong Kong Ferry Disaster; Lamma ferry inquiry report blasts Marine Department
Posted in News Events, Updates, tagged Boat crash, collision at sea, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Electric, Hong Kong ferry disaster, Lamma Island, Lamma IV, Sea Smooth on May 1, 2013| Leave a Comment »
Details of the Investigation Report published in Hong Kong, 30 April 2013.
The following is from the SCMP.
Lamma ferry inquiry report blasts Marine Department
The government department responsible for shipping and vessel safety needs an urgent overhaul, investigation of collision concludes
Simpson Cheung simpson.cheung@scmp.com
"Serious systemic failings" in the Marine Department contributed to the Lamma ferry tragedy, the Commission of Inquiry into the disaster has found.
In its report, released yesterday, the commission pointed to a "litany of errors" at every stage of the design, construction and inspection of the Lamma IV, which contributed to the rapid sinking of the boat.
"What is required is systemic change, in particular a change in attitude to responsibility and transparency," the commission said of the department. "In [some] areas, what is required is action, and action now."
What is required is systemic change, in particular a change in attitude to responsibility and transparency
The commission, led by Mr Justice Michael Lunn, said it was "astonished and deeply dismayed" to learn that the department had not fully enforced a 2008 regulation stipulating that vessels should carry a number of lifejackets matching their capacity, as well as children's lifejackets equal to five per cent of capacity.
The key factors so many lives were lost were loosely attached seats on the upper deck of the Lamma IV that came off, throwing passengers towards the stern; passengers having trouble getting to and donning lifejackets; and no children's lifejackets.
The department has promised an internal investigation into whether any officer bears part of the responsibility for Hong Kong's deadliest sea tragedy in 40 years.
A total of 39 passengers died when the Hongkong Electric vessel Lamma IV, taking workers and their families to see the National Day fireworks in Victoria Harbour, collided with the ferry Sea Smooth off Lamma Island.
Sections of the report dealing with the responsibilities of the two coxswains involved in the October 1 crash – both of whom have been charged with manslaughter – was redacted to avoid influencing their trials.
Secretary for Transport and Housing Professor Anthony Cheung Bing-leung said he would lead a steering committee to oversee the reform of the department. He said he would appoint a directorate-grade officer as deputy director of the department to lead the reforms.
Director of Marine Francis Liu Hon-por said the department had appointed foreign experts to review its inspection procedures and compare safety regulations with those in Singapore, Sydney and Southampton.
Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying pledged that the government would handle any case of maladministration or human error impartially, and said disciplinary hearings could start.
Liu did not answer if he would apologise or resign. Cheung said he "felt sorry".
Ryan Tsui Chi-shing, younger brother of Tsui Chi-wai and uncle of Tsui Hoi-ying, 10, who both died in the crash, said he appreciated that the inquiry had shed light on a lot of facts. But he had doubts whether the reforms would succeed: "The director lacks the courage to even apologise, so how can I trust him to have a conscience in future?"
Hong Kong Ferry Crash : Skippers each face 39 counts of manslaughter
Posted in News Events, Updates, tagged Boat crash, Boats, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Electric, Hong Kong ferry disaster, Lamma Island, Lamma IV, Sea Smooth on April 12, 2013| Leave a Comment »
This from the SCMP in Hong Kong.
This development is entirely separate to the Accident Investigation that took place earlier and which is expected to publish its report on the matter by the end of April.
The scope of that investigation was to establish the events that took place and make recommendations for actions that could assist to prevent accidents of a similar nature, and to recommend amendments to regulations based on the findings.
This latest development with Manslaughter charges to both skippers comes from the Police Investigation. They have levelled a different charge to each skipper. Perhaps surprisingly only the skippers have been charged and not any of the Officers. As Yet.
Given the tragic loss of life (almost one third of passengers perished) and avoidable nature of the accident, charges were inevitable.
By Thomas Chan thomas.chan@scmp.com
The captains of two vessels that collided off Lamma Island on October 1 made their first appearance in court yesterday, facing a combined 78 counts of manslaughter.
Lai Sai-ming, captain of the Sea Smooth. Photo: David Wong Chow Chi-wai, skipper of the Lamma IV.
Chow Chi-wai, 56, captain of Hongkong Electric's Lamma IV, and Lai Sai-ming, 55, captain of the Sea Smooth, operated by Hong Kong and Kowloon Ferry, are each charged with 39 counts of manslaughter.
Chow and Lai were represented by Gerard McCoy SC and Audrey Campbell-Moffat, respectively, in Eastern Court.
The pair are accused of unlawfully killing 39 people by gross negligence. The victims died on October 1, 2 and 5.
Some died at the scene and some in hospital.
Court documents say Chow owed a duty of care to his passengers and Lai to other vessels and their passengers. They were allegedly in breach of that duty of care by failing to keep a proper lookout, and to take any effective measures or steps to avoid the collision.
The gross negligence caused by the breach of duty was allegedly a substantial cause of the death of the victims.
Principal Magistrate Bina Chainrai adjourned the case to May 9 upon the request of Director of Public Prosecutions Kevin Zervos. Zervos said the prosecution needed four weeks to prepare documents, and on the next occasion it would ask for a return-day hearing.
Chow and Lai were released on HK$20,000 cash bail each. The court also ordered them to surrender all their travel documents.
Sea Smooth turn "absolutely the cause" of ferry disaster: expert
Posted in News Events, Uncategorized, Updates, tagged Boat crash, collision at sea, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Electric, Hong Kong ferry disaster, Lamma Island, Lamma IV, Sea Smooth on February 21, 2013| Leave a Comment »
From SCMP, Hong Kong.
Maritime official says the vessels would have missed each other narrowly if not for the move
Ada Lee ada.lee@scmp.com
A wrong turn by the vessel Sea Smooth was the "actual cause" of its fatal collision with the Lamma IV on October 1 last year in which 39 people died, an expert told the commission of inquiry yesterday.
British maritime expert Captain Nigel Pryke returned to the commission to answer questions, after giving testimony in December. As he did then, he identified the Sea Smooth's left turn, moments before the collision, as the key mistake. "The actual cause of the collision was the Sea Smooth's alteration of course to port at 20:19 and a half minutes," Pryke said. "That was absolutely the cause." The two vessels would have narrowly missed each other if the left turn had not been made, Pryke said.
He spoke while being questioned by Charles Sussex SC, who represents Hong Kong and Kowloon Ferry and the Sea Smooth's crew. Sussex quoted regulations that say one method for crewmembers to determine whether a head-on collision was looming was to look at the other ship's navigation lights. But Pryke said they should not rely on the lights alone.
"The whole point of the rule of the road is to keep vessels apart. It's not about arguing with each other which rule applies," he said. "In almost every case, you would alter course to starboard [to the captain's right]. It's in a navigator's DNA that he alters to starboard."
Pryke said the Sea Smooth, as a high-speed vessel, should have been the "first one to alter course" when it foresaw a collision.
"At that stage, in fairness to the Lamma IV, because of the relative speeds of the vessels, [the captain of the Lamma IV] would have had to have been very, very slick to have avoided it," he said.
The Sea Smooth left the scene soon after the crash, and 39 people died.
The inquiry also heard yesterday that Hong Kong and Kowloon Ferry's guidelines telling ferry coxswains how to react, after a collision with another vessel, could be "confusing".
In one section the guidelines tell the helmsman to "steer away from the [ship's original] course", giving no further explanation. But in another section the guidelines say they may have to stay at the site and help the other vessel.
Nelson Ng Siu-yuen, the company's general manager, said coxswains should be able to judge for themselves whether to remain at the scene of a collision depending on the situation.
He told the inquiry the ferry company did not require coxswains to get their eyesight and health regularly checked. Sea Smooth captain Lai Sai-ming had his eyes tested in 1997 when he got his Marine Department licence, which is valid until 2023. Lai was involved in three minor accidents from 2008 to 2010.
The lack of regular check-ups was widespread in the industry, and the department did not require them, Ng said, adding that the two parties were discussing the issue.
See a Video Simulation of the Crash. Follow this link
For Video. Follow this link
Video Simulation of the Lamma IV – Sea Smooth Collision
Posted in News Events, Photographs, Updates, Video, tagged Boat crash, Boats, collision at sea, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Electric, Hong Kong ferry disaster, Lamma Island, Lamma IV, Sea Smooth, sinking on February 2, 2013| Leave a Comment »
From SCMP.
See video simulation prepared by naval architect Dr Neville Anthony Armstrong, the expert appointed by the Comission of Enquiry into the sinking of the Lamma IV, illustrating the impact and angle of the collision of the two ferries on 1st October 2012.
Follow this link to watch the animation on YouTube.
Lack of watertight door sank Lamma IV, inquiry told
Posted in News Events, Photographs, Uncategorized, Updates, tagged Boat crash, Boats, collision at sea, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Electric, Hong Kong ferry disaster, Lamma Island, Lamma IV, Sea Smooth, sinking on January 31, 2013| Leave a Comment »
From the SCMP.
Naval architect also tells hearing there wasn't enough time for crew to evacuate passengers
The Lamma IV would still be afloat with two gashes created by the Sea Smooth if there was a watertight door between its compartments, the commission of inquiry into the October 1 ferry collision heard.
Naval architect Dr Anthony Armstrong also came to the conclusion, based on computer projections, that the deck at the stern of the Lamma IV started to go below the water 96 seconds after its collision, and that it took eight seconds for the vessel to tilt from seven degrees to 70 degrees, with the stern hitting the seabed, and settling into the mud. In total it only took around 118 seconds from the collision, for the Lamma IV to rest at 70 degrees.
"[There is] certainly not enough time in which the crew would have been able to organise evacuation from the ship," the commission-appointed expert witness said.
The bow of Sea Smooth had created two gashes on Lamma IV's hull during the collision – one in its engine room and the other in the tank room.
Armstrong found that the stern of Lamma IV would almost be submerged, but that the vessel would remain afloat if just those two compartments were flooded.
The second gash was made by the large kinetic energy generated by the high speed of the Sea Smooth, Armstrong said.
But a large opening on the bulkhead between the tank room and its adjacent steering gear compartment led to the flooding of the third compartment, which contributed to the sinking of the vessel, Armstrong's calculations showed.
According to the original drawings of the ship when it was built, a watertight door was meant to be fitted at the opening. But shipbuilder Cheoy Lee had earlier argued that it was just a mistake made by an outsourced designer.
Further calculations by Armstrong showed that even when the ship was newly built in 1996, Lamma IV would have sunk if the watertight door was not installed, regardless of the installation of a 8.25-tonne ballast at the stern two years later.
The Australian expert also said whether or not Sea Smooth had reversed after the collision would make no difference to the flow of water into the hull of Lamma IV because the bow of the Sea Smooth had been broken and left inside Lamma IV.
Some Lamma IV passengers who testified earlier said they felt the engine restarting and thought the other vessel was backing out.
But Armstrong said if that was the case, it must have happened within 10 seconds as Lamma IV was sinking quickly. He said the engine sound could have come from the flooding of Lamma IV's engine. He believed the collision bulkhead at the bow of the Sea Smooth stopped it from penetrating further into Lamma IV.
The hearing continues today.
Meanwhile, the seven crew members of the two vessels were expected to have their bail extended for another month when they report to police today, pending a prosecution decision by the Department of Justice, a police officer said.
Why the Lamma IV Sank so quickly
Posted in News Events, Photographs, Uncategorized, Updates, tagged Boat, Boat crash, collision at sea, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Electric, Hong Kong ferry disaster, Lamma Island, Lamma IV, Sea Smooth on October 19, 2012| Leave a Comment »
Recap.
The Lamma IV, a 24 metre boat owned by Hongkong Electric carrying about 124 staff and their family members, with a crew of 3, travelling to watch Fireworks in Victoria Harbour, collided with the ferry Sea Smooth, in waters off Lamma Island at about 8.23pm on October 1, 2012. More than 100 passengers on the boat fell into the water, and at least 39 are confirmed dead. This is the deadliest boat accident in Hong Kong in 40 years. The Fireworks were scheduled to start at 9.00pm, and attracted around 150 spectator vessels. It was reported the Sea Smooth was travelling around 24 knots and the Lamma IV around 14 knots. Visibility was good. It appears the Sea Smooth Port Bow made contact with the Lamma IV Hull in the area of the Stern Port Quarter, where the Engine room compartment is located. It was reported that the impact caused a hole of 9 sq. metres. The Lamma IV engine compartment became inundated with in rushing sea water, causing the stern to rapidly sink to a depth of 15 metres trapping people inside. Eyewitness reports state the Lamma IV was barely visible as a dark shape after the crash. It's reported the Sea Smooth stayed for around 5 minutes before leaving the scene. Eyewitness reports state the Lamma IV, sank with it's Bow sticking out of the water within 5 minutes of the collision.
The following drawing was published in the SCMP. It illustrates the differences between the two vessels that collided, and shows how the Lamma IV, was very vulnerable to a large breach of the Hull in the Engine Room section, or next aft section, which they have called the Sterntube compartment.
The drawing of the Lamma IV shows Five Bulkheads built into the vessel, each of which would either be a sealed bulkhead with no penetration, or have a watertight door to gain access from one section to the next, such as was likely the case between the Engine Room and the Sterntube section.
In some of the news reports, there has been speculation that watertight doors may have been left open allowing more than one compartment to flood. The investigation will answer that question. If the Sterntube section did as seems likely flood, then there may be additional reasons for that to happen, including additional cracks or openings in the Hull that allowed seawater into that section.
Some survivors have been quoted in the news papers to say that they felt they only had a minute or two after the collision before the Lamma IV aft passenger section was inundated with sea water, and the stern started to slip below the water.
Based on assumptions of the dimensions of the Lamma IV engine room together with the anticipated water flow with a large opening below the water line, I believe it would only have taken around 1 to 2 minutes for the engine room compartment to be filled with more than 80 to 100 tons of sea water.
It is staggering to realise that an opening of less than one square foot, a metre below the sea surface could allow sea water to rush into the vessel at a rate of around 1,000 gallons per minute. Bear in mind that reports mention the opening in the Lamma IV Hull caused by the impact was around 9 square metres.
If there was one watertight door open between the engine room and the sterntubes compartment then at most it would have taken less than six minutes for the compartment to fill with sea water.
These are 'broad brush' estimates based on published tables of 'Estimated Water Flow Rates', taking into account the size of opening and fall distance. They are also conservative estimates.
With both compartments filled with well over 100 Tons of seawater, and the buoyancy of the aft section removed, the vessel's stern would rapidly sink, and the vessel upturn into the Bow Up condition as seen in so many photographs.
Anyone trapped in the passenger compartment in the aft section would now be under several metres of water, in a vessel that is vertical, with loose items freefalling down on top of them. A very perilous situation.
To give some support and context to the above assumptions, there follows below an eyewitness report of the aftermath of the collision as recounted by Chris Head, who was seated on the upper open deck of the Sea Smooth. This was published in the SCMP.
Teacher and Lamma resident Chris Head, 48, who was sitting outside at the back of the upper deck of the Sea Smooth, relived the moment of impact and the harrowing minutes afterwards when he thought his 12-year-old son was aboard the stricken vessel the ferry had hit.
"Visibility was fine, it wasn't crystal clear, there was that haze, but you could see quite clearly. The water was calm," he said.
"I just heard this enormous whack. I thought we had hit the biggest wave of all time. The force of the collision toppled me out of my seat, I ended up on my hands and knees on the deck. My first reaction was that of shock, just simply 'wow! what happened?' I didn't know if we had hit a rock, a reef, a lighthouse or what.
"Then, because I was at the back of the ferry, I could see the other boat and realised what could have happened. All I could see was this very dark, silhouetted vessel limping away, it was leaning over to one side. It didn't seem to me like a ferry, it was so dark, there were no lights on it. I thought it was a fishing boat.
"I couldn't hear any shouts for help or screams, nothing, the boat was just so dark.
"Initially we were trying to put on our life jackets, so we were more concerned with that. But after a few minutes, probably about five, I could see the end of the boat – I couldn't tell whether it was the bow or the stern – sticking vertically out of the water and I thought 'Shit! This is real'.
Lastly take a look at the following photographs taken of the Lamma IV as she was lifted onto a Barge to remove her for further investigation.
The massive tear in the Hull caused by the impact can clearly be seen in the Blue Hull. It is also possible the massive impact on the Hull caused other cracks to open further aft.
These are quite chilling photographs as after looking at these it is not hard to imagine just how quickly the stern section would have filled with sea water and sank.
There is an eyewitness report from 'gac' on the Lamma Forumn, who saw the Lamma IV as she was lifted onto the barge. He describes the tear in the Lamma IV to be like in an L shape, with a vertical tear from the top of the Hull down to the chine (foot of the side) linking with a horizontal tear along the chine, as illustrated below. In addition there appears for be an opening at the rear bulkhead of the engine room, likely caused by the force of the impact on the Hull shell plate at the time of impact.
So in summary the Lamma IV sank so quickly due to the massive breach of her hull. Her fate was sealed the instant the two vessels collided. As soon as the Hull had been ripped open to the extent it was, then rapid flooding and sinking was the only outcome.
Given the force of the impact, any vessel of the same specification and construction as the Lamma IV would surely have had the same outcome.
The tragedy is that the collision took place in the first place, and the Investigation will seek to provide answers to how could that happen, as well as to "Why the Lamma IV sank so quickly".
The last two Photos are courtesy of contributors of the My Lamma Forumn.
Lastly I'd like to pay my respects to all those affected by this tragic accident with such a sickening loss of life.
Hong Kong Ferry Disaster : Ferry crash rescuers hampered by lack of visibility and manpower
Posted in News Events, Photographs, Updates, tagged collision at sea, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Electric, Hong Kong ferry disaster, Lamma Island, Lamma IV, Sea Smooth on October 15, 2012| Leave a Comment »
The Lamma IV, a 24 metre boat owned by Hongkong Electric carrying about 124 staff and their family members, with a crew of 3, travelling to watch Fireworks in Victoria Harbour, collided with the ferry Sea Smooth, in waters off Lamma Island at about 8.23pm on October 1, 2012. More than 100 passengers on the boat fell into the water, and at least 39 are confirmed dead. This is the deadliest boat accident in Hong Kong in 40 years. The Fireworks were scheduled to start at 9.00pm, and attracted around 150 spectator vessels. It was reported the Sea Smooth was travelling around 24 knots and the Lamma IV around 14 knots. Visibility was good. It appears the Sea Smooth Port Bow made contact with the Lamma IV Hull in the area of the Stern Port Quarter, where the Engine room compartment is located. It was reported that the impact caused a hole of 9 sq. metres. The Lamma IV engine compartment became inundated with in rushing sea water, causing the stern to rapidly sink to a depth of 15 metres trapping people inside. Eyewitness reports state the Lamma IV was barely visible as a dark shape after the crash. It's reported the Sea Smooth stayed for around 5 minutes before leaving the scene.
Good Visibility on Night of Accident
The scene that greeted rescue crews arriving at the sinking ferry off Lamma Island on Monday night was the stuff of nightmares.
"It was chaos," a senior fire officer said yesterday. "The survivors were aged from young to old and most of them were not wearing lifejackets."
The unstable state of the stricken ferry, poor visibility and obstructions also hampered efforts by divers as they searched under the water, he said.
Unstable Ferry, Darkness, Murky Waters & Confusion.
On land, things were scarcely better for ambulance officers, who were hampered in their efforts to get survivors to hospital by a manpower shortage.
The 24-metre Lamma IV sank vertically to a depth of 15 metres with only its bow above the surface.
Survivors pulled out of the water were put on passing vessels, fireboats and police launches before being taken to five hospitals for treatment.
Fire Services Department divers entered the sunken boat to search for victims.
"In the vessel, visibility was very poor and our divers had to search by hand," the fire officer said. "There was a lot of debris including furniture that caused obstruction. We had to remove it piece by piece before searching each room."
The two-deck sunken vessel was unstable and divers worked in the knowledge that it could sink further. At about 3am a barge was called in to secure the vessel.
The bodies of 26 victims were found on the upper and lower decks of the Lamma IV before the search was completed at noon.
With visibility of about a metre, divers yesterday were continuing their search for missing persons on the seabed.
Chan Shi-ki, chairman of the Fire Services Department Ambulancemen's Union, said there was a shortage of ambulances and officers during the rescue and some ambulances were drafted in from as far away as the New Territories.
"It was very chaotic. Many ambulances had to work cross-district," he said. "But this is very risky. Seriously injured patients might die from loss of blood if ambulances cannot arrive within 12 minutes."
Chan said some ambulances called in from Ma On Shan did not arrive as they were diverted to handle cases in Kowloon.
Because of a manpower shortage, some patients were handled by firemen and St John Ambulance volunteers.
"From an ambulance man's point of view, it is best for patients to be handled by us," Chan said. "If there are enough officers, we do not need help from St John Ambulance."
Officers on the midday shift worked from 11am to 11pm and had no time for dinner, he said.
Main Article : SCMP


How to compress files using WinRaR ?
I got 3 files in this folder, and I will compress all of them in to one rar file.
READ How to store multiple cryptocurrencies in single wallet ?
My name is Michael, I'm professional software developer and blogger, made this website to share my knowledge about everything what you see here 🙂 haha hope you will like that, and do not forget to follow me on my twitter.
Next story How to store multiple cryptocurrencies in single wallet ?


text:
< > Effective - 02 Jan 1979, see footnote
56.530. Circuit attorney, contingent fund. — The treasurer of said city shall set aside the circuit attorney's fees so turned into the treasury of said city to be used as a contingent fund for the circuit attorney for the payment of the incidental expenses in bringing parties and witnesses from other states or countries and in properly preparing causes for trial, attending trial on changes of venue, attending at the taking of depositions, in printing briefs, and appearing before the appellate courts of the state, and generally such expenses as he may be put to in the proper and vigorous prosecution of the duties of his office. Such fund shall be paid out as needed to the circuit attorney by the said city treasurer out of said funds in the treasury of said city not exceeding thirty-two thousand dollars in any year upon warrant of the circuit attorney. At the end of each year said treasurer shall pay into the general revenue fund of such city any balance that may be in his hands from fees so collected exceeding the sum of one thousand dollars.
(RSMo 1939 § 12915, A.L. 1957 p. 340, A.L. 1961 p. 294, A.L. 1978 H.B. 1634)
Prior revisions: 1929 § 11290; 1919 § 710; 1909 § 984
---- end of effective 02 Jan 1979 ----

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We embrace innovation—bringing ideas, products and services to life to advance the health and well-being of people around the world. We believe in collaboration, and that has led to breakthrough after breakthrough, from medical miracles that have changed lives, to the simple consumer products that make every day a little better. Our over 125,000 employees in 60 countries are united in a common mission: To help people everywhere live longer, healthier, happier lives.
§ Fluency in English is required, as well as fluency in the language of the country where the Internship assignment is located. Fluency in a second language is desired.


"The dynamic Greenhouse team has achieved phenomenal results, translating a complex technical narrative into compelling content and helping to cement our reputation. Their understanding, enthusiasm and willingness to assist always exceeds our expectations."
Shifting billions away from fossil fuels by identifying fossil fuel projects which are inconsistent with international climate targets and exposed to climate risk.
Launched 2 Degrees of Separation, the first report to rank the world's biggest oil and gas companies and identify those where shareholders' money is most exposed and at risk on high-cost projects that will not be needed in a 2C world.
Delivered extensive global media coverage including Reuters and Bloomberg national news agencies in France, Canada, Italy and the Netherlands, and top tier media such as the New York Times, Washington Post, Toronto Globe and Mail, and Financieele Dagblad (NL).
The PRI, representing asset managers with holdings of more than $68 trillion, said the report was a "game-changer" and would allow investors to ask oil and gas companies "hard questions about how they intend to deal with potentially stranded assets".


Or tv shoot! Who knows. I didn't write it down and I've already forgotten what was shooting here. I just took a picture of this trailer parked on Bleecker Street because it was one of the biggest and fanciest I've ever seen.
When I was in my twenties and I passed by movie sets I'd fantasize that someone would come running over and say something like, "Please stop! You have just the look we need! Would you please be in our movie?" And so I'd be discovered.
That's exactly what happened to me, July 11, 2007. Walking down Lenox Ave., some guy gets in my face and dragoons me to extra in a Frank Langella movie. I sat and watched the man work for 4 hours, from 5 feet away.
Bottom line? The scene was reshot at another location. I wound up on the cutting room floor. Show biz.
And I was supposed to get $100 and they never paid me! I have very bitter feelings toward Hollywood.


text:
Q: Seperate a range into single line adding the values in between I have a text list with values in a range as follows:
TSNN-00500--00503 TSNN-00510--00515

But I need to separate them into single lines in a text file and add the values in between.
Can this be done with a script easily?
Want the result in a new text file as follow
TSNN-00500
TSNN-00501
TSNN-00502
TSNN-00503
TSNN-00510
TSNN-00511
TSNN-00512
TSNN-00513
TSNN-00514
TSNN-00515

A: easy way is subjective.
Getting a sequence from a range can be performed with seq:
$ seq -f%05.0f 00500 00503
00500
00501
00502
00503

Getting the range from the string you provide can be performed with bash find-and-replace:
$ text='TSNN-00500--00503'
$ echo ${text//[^0-9]/ }
00500 00503

Prepending a string to a line can be performed with sed:
$ echo 00502 | sed 's/^/TSNN-/'
TSNN-00502

Wrapping everything in a loop gives:
$ for i in TSNN-00500--00503 TSNN-00510--00515 ; do seq -f%05.0f ${i//[^0-9]/ } | sed 's/^/TSNN-/' ; done

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Infographic: 5 easy ways to keep your family fit this fall.
As my daughters head back to school next week, my wife and I have been spending a huge amount of time trying to schedule all of our kids' extracurricular activities. The biggest challenge of this process is coming up with the activities that the girls will enjoy and hopefully have a great experience with.
Two of our daughters are very much into team sports and two would rather do other things. They all have great and fun activities that they love, but we want to make sure that all of our kids our active, no matter how they get their movement.
The graphic above highlights some great activities that are fun (or can be 'made' fun, like household chores) to make sure that our kids are getting plenty of active time this Fall.


Beginning to see a pattern? I like mascara that give that "Are they you're natural lashes?!" effect. My first love was Benefit's They're Real. It was the first time I thought - finally, my lashes look how I want them to look. I never have a bad lash day (yes, that's a thing) with They're Real. It's the mascara I tell everyone to buy. Yes, I'm gushing, but give me a break, I'm in love!
While I tell everyone about They're Real, YSL baby doll is like my dirty little secret. It's like the sophisticated big sister of They're Real. A slightly wetter formula, a smaller rubber brush that grabs lashes at the root and coats them in the blackest black. It's still the natural-false-lash effect, but the effect of baby doll is that little bit thicker at the base giving wonderful volume and can be carefully built up in the out corners for a winged lash look.
Yes, it's €32.50 but by george is it beautiful. I'm sorry, but it even smells gorgeous! The packaging has that satisfying high-end *CLICK* when you close it (hands up who knows what I'm talking about??!) It's my special occasion, going out, I need to feel like a movie star mascara.
If those two are a bit out of your price range, and I'll agree with you mascara is never something I'd spend a lot of money on, then I can't fault Maybelline's The Falsies. If you read Orla's blog MakeUpOverMind (which you should) she particularly loves this mascara. If I'm not mistaken she bought a second tube recently. Sure why wouldn't you, it's just shy of €12.
I think if I never tried They're Real and YSL I'd be more in love. It's a good mascara, formula is a little drier than the other two but doesn't flake. Although I'm not the biggest fan of the brush. The spoon-brush, I think, is designed to fan out your lashes. It doesn't really work for my application technique which is a combination of zig-zag-at-the-base-and-twirl-upwards - maximum coverage, minimal clumping (no clumping in fact). It's just what you want on your average, Thursday-in-work/running-out-buy-milk makeup. No compromise on aesthetics, but subtle enough to make it look like your lashes are just awesome all the time.
You really have to do something weirdly wrong to get any of these mascaras to clump or flake. They're coverage is flawless, and I speak as someone who needs every lash coated completely if they're to be seen at all. Not only that, they're all extremely long lasting even without technically waterproof - They're Real is my benchmark when it comes to testing make-up remover (many micellar solutions won't do it, but my Nima Mitt walks it).
What are your favourite mascaras, or have you found The One?
Did you put as much thought into it as I did?


Learn more about Electric Vehicle (EV) technology & share that knowledge with others.
Increase awareness of the benefits of Electric Vehicles.
Promote the use of clean vehicles.
We are affiliated with the EAA. Founded in 1967, the EAA is a non-profit organization of volunteers dedicated to the promotion of electric-drive technology and to the support of owners of electric vehicles. Its worldwide membership is a source of knowledge and expertise about electric-drive technology. The EAA seeks to educate the public about the progress and benefits of electric-drive technology by organizing and participating in forums, meetings, and public events. The EAA also offers technical information and support to people who wish to convert gasoline-powered vehicles to electric power. In recent years, the EAA has established funds to maintain public EV charger stations. More information about the EAA is available at www.eaaev.org.


text:
BREAKING: Nancy Pelosi's NIGHTMARE Comes True – It's Over…
Speaker Nancy Pelosi's (D-CA) House is crumbling, and it is looking like the Republicans will regain a majority after the 2022 midterm elections.
"As the twentieth Democrat announced an exit from the House of Representatives after the midterms, the party's chances of maintaining the majority have declined, as the Republicans only need to net a quarter of those seats to win back the majority," reported Breitbart News.
California Democratic Representative Alan Lowenthal said he would not run for reelection at the end of his current term, saying, "it is time to pass the baton" as his "journey" comes to an end.
"His announcement is only the most recent, as older or more vulnerable Democrats are leaving their current seats to retire, including three committee chairs, or seek a different office, either on the local or state level," reported Breitbart News.
"This gives Republicans a chance to gain more seats as strong Republican candidates are already running in the majority — if not all — of the 20 districts. The remaining vulnerable Democrats will also have to face tough reelection battles across the county, and tough competitors. In most cases, they may have to campaign in new areas their district did not encompass before as redistricting maps are being approved," reports Breitbart News.
Congressional Leadership Fund Communications Director Calvin Moore said that the "House Democrats' retirement crisis is a five-alarm emergency that's growing worse day by day. Democrats are dropping like flies because they know they're going to get crushed next November."


Hugo has over 20 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry and has held various Global and regional management, commercial and strategic roles. Prior to assuming his role of Managing Director, Hugo was the Chief Marketing Officer for Sanofi Pasteur MSD (SPMSD), leading the commercial effort for the European Vaccine Joint Venture. He brings a wealth of experience in commercial leadership, and delivering growth and driving performance in healthcare.


Basil is unique and modern script font, every single letters have been carefully crafted to make your text looks beautiful. Perfect for: logo, wedding, blog, invitation, branding, and other projects!
Tags: caps, cyrillic, hand lettering, handwritten font, script, typeface.


Get away from it all and enjoy the comforts The Hershey Motel has to offer! We are the largest motel in Seaside Heights, nestled on two acres, block to block, just one block from the beach and boardwalk! Family owned & operated, serving vacation needs for over 60 yrs FREE breakfast for all registered guests (limited menu & in season) Just one block from the beach and boardwalk FREE parking Refrigerators and microwaves in every room Large, spacious sundeck Banquet facilities available Boasting the largest pool in Seaside Heights! Separate kiddie pool Ask about our Jet Ski and Pontoon Boat Excursions Poolside service for our Bar & Restaurant!


text:
Q: array in Python I have a problem about a logic on Python array, I don't know if I need to use 2D array.
Let say, I have a data that was retrieved from the database and I wanted to compare each row that was retrieved (for example I wanted to compare row1 and row2 then row1 and row3), I think I will need to use a for loop there and here's the added condition:
if row1 == row2:
I need to append two array index value(ex. row1[1] and row1[2]) to an empty array (ex. I declared an empty array from the beginning), wherein every time a row matches from the data retrieved from the database it will append the two values to that empty string until it finishes to compare all data rows retrieved.
And just in case if that two values already exist in the array where I used to append the two values it will not append.
sample:
emp_arr = [] #empty list

#code here

# if there are matches from the rows retrieved from database,the value of
# emp_arr probably
emp_arr = [[2,3], [5,9], [3,7], [2, 5]]
# note:there should be no the same list index value inside(ex. emp_arr = [[2,3],
# [5,9], [3,7], [2, 3]]---this should not happen so i need to a condition first
# before making an append)

Thanks in advance guys.

A: It seems you'd like to do something like this pseudo-SQL:
SELECT DISTINCT left_tbl.some_column, left_tbl.another_column
FROM table_name left_tbl, table_name right_tbl
WHERE left_tbl.* = right_tbl.*
  AND left_tbl.id != right_tbl.id
  -- where * is everything except id column

In Python (all rows that was retrieved are in rows iterable):
from itertools import combinations

result = set((row1[1], row1[2])
             for row1, row2 in combinations(rows, 2)
             if row1 == row2)

A: Its not clear if you're asking for values from the matching rows or if you want the indexes of those rows. I'm assuming you want the indexes, which means my answer is notably different than J.F. Sebastian's, which is probably the best if you want the values.
If you do want the indexes, it's not clear how you want to deal with multiple matches. If row[1] == row[2] == row[3] you could get [1,2], [1,3] and [2,3] as matching indexes, or you might want only one of those. I'm assuming that you want only one of them, and that it doesn't especially matter which (both functions below will always provide [1,2] and not the others, though they could be modified to prefer a different pair if necessary).
Here's a similar approach that explicitly loops over the indexes, skipping any that have been matched already:
def findMatchedRowPairsWithoutDuplicates(rows):
    matched = set()
    result = []
    for i in range(len(rows)):
        if i in matched:
            continue
        for j in range(i+1, len(rows)):
            if j in matched:
                continue
            if row[i] == row[j]:
                result.append([i,j])
                matched.add(i)
                matched.add(j)
                break # can't match with the current i again!
    return result

Here's an alternative implementation that exploits sorting to potentially find the duplicates faster (time complexity O(N log(N)) rather than O(N2)), but it requires that your row values have a partial ordering (that is, row1 < row2 must be defined). That's probably true for most kinds of database values, but perhaps not always guaranteed by a given library's implementation. The key to understanding this code is that the indexes of equal rows will always be adjacent in the indexes list after it has been sorted, so we only need to check each adjacent index pair rather than all pairs.
findMatchedRowPairsWithoutDuplicates2(rows):
    indexes = list(range(len(rows)))

    indexes.sort(key=lambda index: rows[index])

    results = []
    i = 0
    while i < len(indexes)-1:
        if rows[indexes[i]] == rows[indexes[i+1]]:
            results.append(indexes[i], [indexes[i+1])
            i += 2
        else:
            i += 1
    return results


text:
Cubrick: A New Multidimensional In-Memory DBMS
By: Chris Croswhite, Pedro Pedreira
Real-time analytics over large datasets has become a widespread need across Internet companies. Minimizing the time gap between data production and data analysis enables data driven companies to generate insights and make decisions in a timelier manner, ultimately allowing them to move faster. In order to provide real-time analytics, a database system needs to be able to continuously ingest streams of data — commonly generated by web logs — and answer queries only a few seconds after the data has been generated. The ingestion of these highly dynamic datasets becomes even more challenging at scale, given that some real-time streams can emit several million records per second.
Moreover, in order to unleash the full potential of the data, all database queries should finish in hundreds of milliseconds and provide a truly interactive experience, but realistically, scanning large datasets in such a short time-frame requires massive parallelization and thus a vast amount of resources. However, over the last few years at Facebook we have observed several use cases where all queries are heavily filtered and only interested on a very particular subset of a much larger dataset. For example, a query might only be interested in one metric for a particular demographic, such as only people living in the US or from a particular gender, measure the volume of conversation around a particular topic, or query for a specific group or mention of a particular hashtag. Considering that the filters applied depend on which aspects of the dataset an Analyst is interested on, they are mostly ad-hoc, making traditional one-dimensional pre-defined indexes less effective.
Cubrick is a distributed multidimensional in-memory DBMS developed from the ground up at Facebook to address this scenario. In order to provide interactive analytics over highly dynamic datasets, Cubrick implements a new strategy for organizing columnar in-memory data that allows indexed filtering on every dimension of the dataset, while still being very efficient to update. This coupled with a specialized and optimized query engine makes Cubrick uniquely suitable for interactive real-time analytics and enables it to reach a scale unseen before on current database solutions.
In our paper Cubrick: Indexing Millions of Records per Second for Interactive Analytics, being presented at VLDB in New Delhi, India, this week, we describe Cubrick's new data organization technique called Granular Partitioning, and detail Cubrick's internal data structures, distributed model, query execution engine and offer insights into its current implementation at Facebook.
Traditional database techniques used to improve filter performance by skipping unnecessary data are either based on maintaining indexes (auxiliary data structures) or pre-sorting the dataset. Maintaining auxiliary indexes such as B+Trees to speed-up access to particular records is a well-known technique implemented by most DBMSs and leveraged by virtually every OLTP DBMS. However, the logarithmic overhead of maintaining indexes updated is usually prohibitive in OLAP workloads as table size and ingestion rates scale. Most types of indexes (notably secondary indexes) also incur in storage footprint increase to store intermediate nodes and pointers to the data, in such a way that creating one index per column may double the storage usage. Moreover, correctly deciding which columns to index is challenging in the presence of ad-hoc queries.
A second approach to efficiently skip data at query time is pre-sorting the dataset. Column-oriented databases based on the C-STORE architecture maintain multiple copies of the dataset ordered by different keys — also called projections — that can be leveraged to efficiently evaluate filters over the columns within the sort key. Even though a structure similar to a LSM-Tree (Log Structured Merge-Tree) is used to amortize the computational cost of insertions, a large amount of data re-organization is required to keep all projections updated as the ingestion rate scales. Besides, one has to decide beforehand which projections to create and their corresponding sort keys, which can be difficult to define on datasets composed of ad-hoc queries. Ultimately, since every new projection is a copy of the entire dataset, this approach is not appropriate for memory based DBMSs where the system tries to fit as much of the dataset in memory as possible to avoid burdensome disk accesses.
Instead of sorting the dataset or maintaining secondary indexing data structures, we took a different approach. We extended the traditional notion of database partitioning by assuming that all tables in the system are range partitioned by every dimension column. This coupled with the fact that the cardinality of each dimension column is known (or estimated) beforehand, allows us to understand the dataset as a big hypercube composed of smaller hypercubes, much like an n-dimensional Rubik's cube. Each smaller hypercube (or brick, in Cubrick's terminology) holds an id assigned by a numbering function and stores data sparsely, column-wise and in an unordered and append-only fashion. Lastly, we assume that all string values are dictionary encoded and internally represented as monotonically increasing integers. This assumption enabled us to develop a very optimized and lean database engine only able to operate over primitive data types.
Just like other multidimensional databases systems, every column in Cubrick is defined as either a metric or a dimension, where dimensions are commonly used for filtering and grouping, and metrics used on aggregate functions. Figure 1 illustrates how records are assigned to bricks on an example dataset composed by two dimensions Region and Gender, both having cardinality 4 and range sizes 2 and 1, respectively, and two metrics, Likes and Comments.
This simple yet effective data organization allows for very efficient record insertions, considering that there's a constant time function that maps a record to its corresponding target brick, and that data inside a brick is unordered. In addition, at query time bricks can be easily matched against a query's filter and pruned out in case there's no intersection with the search space.
In order to evaluate how fast records can be ingested by Cubrick and the amount of CPU used on the ingestion pipeline, Figure 8 shows the number of records being ingested per second on a single node cluster, compared to CPU usage. The experiment shows that CPU usage in a single node cluster is still modest (below 20%) even when ingesting about 1 million records per second.
Caption: Single node cluster CPU utilization when ingesting streams with different volumes
Figure 7 presents the latency of multiple queries over a 10TB dataset running on a 72 node cluster, in order to evaluate how effective our indexing strategy is. The X-axis represents the column over which a filter was applied, while the color scale illustrates the restrictivity of this filter, or the percentage of the dataset that matches the filter. The experiments show that there's a clear correlation between the color and position on Y, independently of the position on X. In other words, queries get faster when filters are applied, no matter in which column.
Caption: Latency of queries being filtered by different dimensions over a 10TB dataset on a 72 node cluster.
For the complete set of experiments and results please refer to our VLDB'16 paper.
Cubrick has been adopted by multiple realtime (and batch) interactive analysis use cases within Facebook over the last few years, and is quickly becoming a more mature full-featured DBMS offering. There is still ongoing work primarily focused around ways to better handle datasets with different data distribution characteristics, and on how to make the cube schema more dynamic. We believe Cubrick is the first step forward but there are still several unexplored and interesting opportunities for research in this direction.
Additional Facebook Work at VLDB'16
Also being presented at VLDB this week is The shortest path is not always a straight line. Leveraging semi-metricity in graph analysis. paper authored by Dionysios Logothetis.
How Facebook keeps its large-scale infrastructure hardware up and running
How Facebook Core Systems' Shruti Padmanabha transitioned from PhD candidate to Research Scientist
Registration now open for the 2020 Testing and Verification Symposium


Enjoy a smooth-writing experience with these Pentel pens. The EnerGel pens come with futuristic barrel accents that indicate the ink color, and the combination liquid and gel ink makes sure that each stroke is fluid.
Blend of liquid and gel ink with exclusive ink-flow technology for smooth writing.
Colored barrel accents indicate ink color for easy identification.
EnerGel NV pens offer a soft rubber grip for writing comfort.
Quick-drying ink resists blotting or smearing for reliable use.
Greener choice — contains 71% total recycled content with 18% postconsumer recycled content.
Pentel's Recycology program ensures products meet strict environmental standards. Products contain both recycled and post-consumer recycled content.


On Solitude Blues, Ryan Zimmerman is able to tell a dense and detailed story with little more than his guitar. There is a rough-hewn sound that imparts further realism to the track. Ryan's vocals have that same dusty, experienced sound that will call forth comparisons to Chris Cornell and Waylon Jennings. Effortlessly moving through country and western, blues, and rock styles, Zimmerman is able to make his Solitude Blues into something that will stick around listeners' brains long after the track ceases to play. The presence of a secondary set of vocals at opportune points further increases the depth of the composition.
We previously covered Ephemeral As A Kiss back in January of 2018.


text:
Download The Wanderers 1979 movie
Enjoy watching the full movie The Wanderers online after the simple registration!
Set against the urban jungle of 1963 New York's gangland subculture, this coming of age teenage movie is set around the Italian gang the Wanderers. Slight comedy, slight High School angst and every bit entertaining with its classic 1950's Rock n' Roll soundtrack such as "Walk Like a Man", "Big Girls Don't Cry" by The Four Seasons and "My Boyfriend's Back" by The Angels. Focusing around a football game where the different gangs play with and against each other, then at its ... more
Set against the urban jungle of 1963 New York's gangland subculture, this coming of age teenage movie is set around the Italian gang the Wanderers. Slight comedy, slight High School angst and every bit entertaining with its classic 1950's Rock n' Roll soundtrack such as "Walk Like a Man", "Big Girls Don't Cry" by The Four Seasons and "My Boyfriend's Back" by The Angels. Focusing around a football game where the different gangs play with and against each other, then at its grand finale, come together in a mass of union to defend their honour and their turf. Nostalgic stuff and above all a Rock n' Roll retrospective on a grand musical era. Timeless.
The Wanderers movie on:
SOUNDTRACKSOUNDTRACK
DOWNLOAD The Wanderers 1979
kbps
640x368 px
Watch online The Wanderers 1979
Open full cast
Ken Wahl
John Friedrich
Toni Kalem
Despie Galasso
Jim Youngs
Tony Ganios
Linda Manz
William Andrews
Erland van Lidth
Terror (as Erland Van Lidth De Jeude)
Val Avery
Mr. Sharp
Dolph Sweet
Chubby Galasso
Michael Wright
Burtt Harris
Marine Recruiter
Samm-Art Williams
User opinions See all (7) Post comment!
aandcbolt
Karma195512
good movie24 May 2019
Gritty and wonderful. A fantastic recent re-discovery
Karma1731470
My husband thought that this was a good movie19 February 2012
My husband thought that this was a good movie
thanks24 January 2012
Thanks for commenting, helps us to know if we should check it out.
Classic07 January 2012
quality movie with some laughs
richie74
please any info09 July 2011
any comment on viewing this movie. tks
I havent seen it is it worth viewing?15 April 2011
I havent seen it is it worth viewing?
question17 March 2011
Has anyone seen this, would you recommend it.
See all reviews (7) >>
See more Action, Drama movies
Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
The year is 1936. An archeology professor named Indiana Jones is venturing in the jungles of South America searching for a...
Cast: Don Fellows ...
Download Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark
Buy Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark
Porky's Revenge (1985)
Meat, an Angel Beach high school student, picks up a shapely girl when she appears to have broken down by the side of the road;...
Cast: Dan Monahan ...
Download Porky's Revenge
Buy Porky's Revenge
Porky's (1982)
We follow a bunch of high school kids through a period in their puberty. Their lives mainly consist of watching the girls in...
Cast: Art Hindle ...
Download Porky's
Buy Porky's
City cop is on the trail of a serial killer. Loaded with action and violence. Stallone fans will love this Rambo-like movie...
Director: George P. Cosmatos Cast: Sylvester Stallone ...
Download Cobra
Buy Cobra
Writing has been the only escape of Louise Bryant until she goes to a lecture one night in 1912 and is mesmerized by a radical...
Cast: Warren Beatty ...
Download Reds
Buy Reds
Starman (1984)
Jenny Hayden never did get over the death of her husband. So when an alien life form decides to model "himself" on the husband,...
Cast: John Carpenter ...
Download Starman
Buy Starman
Stir Crazy (1980)
Set up and wrongfully accused, two best friends will be sent to prison for a crime they didn't commit. However, no prison cell...
Cast: Joel Brooks ...
Download Stir Crazy
Buy Stir Crazy
Donnie Brasco (1997)
This true story follows FBI agent Joe Pistone as he infiltrates the mafia of New York. Befriending Lefty Ruggiero, Pistone...
Cast: John Di Benedetto ...
Download Donnie Brasco
Buy Donnie Brasco
The Sandlot (1993)
In the summer of 1962, a new kid in town is taken under the wing of a young baseball prodigy and his rowdy team, resulting in...
Cast: Robbie T. Robinson ...
Download The Sandlot
Buy The Sandlot
Hud (1963)
Hud Bannon is a ruthless young man who tarnishes everything and everyone he touches. Hud represents the perfect embodiment of...
Cast: Paul Newman ...
Download Hud
Buy Hud
See more 1979 movies
Gol Maal (1979)
Ram Prasad (Amol Palekar), a young chartered accountant and his sister Ratna, are orphans living in Bombay. One morning, an old...
Download Gol Maal
Buy Gol Maal
Keep It in the Family (1980)
Dudley Rush is an artist with a difference! Eccentric and childlike, he insists, among other things, on wearing his large-sized...
Download Keep It in the Family
Buy Keep It in the Family
The Duchess of Duke Street (1979)
Louisa Trotter works her way up from being a skivvy to being the Queen of cooks, cook to the King, and owner of the Bentinck...
Download The Duchess of Duke Street
Buy The Duchess of Duke Street
A U.S. Army officer serving in Vietnam is tasked with assassinating a renegade Special Forces Colonel who sees himself as a...
Download Apocalypse Now
Buy Apocalypse Now
After a space merchant vessel receives an unknown transmission as a distress call, one of the crew is attacked by a mysterious...
Download Alien
Buy Alien
Carmen (1980)
Download Carmen
Buy Carmen
Lillie (1979)
Lillie Langtry, trapped in a loveless marriage, takes full advantage of her beauty, attracting many lovers and admirers...
Download Lillie
Buy Lillie
The Legend of King Arthur (1979)
The classic story of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table.
Download The Legend of King Arthur
Buy The Legend of King Arthur
Life of Brian (1979)
Irreverent satire of Biblical films and religious intolerance focuses on Brian, a Jew in Roman-occupied Judea. After joining up...
Download Life of Brian
Buy Life of Brian
The Deer Hunter (1979)
An in-depth examination of the ways in which the U.S. Vietnam War impacts and disrupts the lives of people in a small...
Download The Deer Hunter
Buy The Deer Hunter


Corequisites: Attendance at Music Workshop (Tuesday, 6:30 – 8:00 pm).
Auditions will take place Wednesday, May 9 in Jennings 335-C or via Skype. To schedule, please email hcox@bennington.edu.
Prerequisites: Audition or Intermediate Guitar with instructor's permission.


text:
Arlis v. Abeynayake
019-SLLR-SLLR-1980-V-2-Arlis-v.-Abeynayake.pdf
(1980) 2 S.LR.
CO UR 7' OF APPEAL.
RANASINGHE, J-, AND K. C. E, DE ALWIS, J.
C. A. APPLICATION 618/80—PiRIMART COURT, EMBILII'ITIYA 1452.
OCTOBER 1, 8, 1980.
Primary Courts Procedure Act, No. 44 of 1978, section 67(2)—Require-ment that order be delivered within one week of conclusion of inquiry—Non-compliance—Whether judge has jurisdiction to deliver orderthereafter.
Section 67 (2) of the Primary Courts Procedure Act which requires thejudge to deliver his order within one week of the conclusion of theinquiry is clear in. laying down a definite period of time within whichthe order must be delivered and the judge ceases to have jurisdictionafter the expiry of such period. Accordingly ati order delivered afterthe expiry of such period' will be set aside.
Case referred to
(1) Dias et al, v. Suwaris, (1978) 79 (2) N.L-R. 258.
APPLICATION to revise an order of the Primary Court, Embilipitiya.
D. C. R. Collure, tor the petitioner.
P. Jayasekera, for the respondent.
Cur. adv- vutt.
November 12, 1980.
K. C. E. DE MAVIS, J.
This is an aplication for the revision of an order made by thejudge of the Primary Court in favour of an informant partypurporting to act under section 67 (2) of the Primary Courts;'Procedure Act, No. 44 of 1979. On a consideration of the factsin the case I am of opinion that his decision thereon is correctHowever, two questions of law were raised by counsel for thepetitioner, namely, (i) the order of the Judge is; bad in law asmore than one week had lapsed when delivering the order afterthe conclusion of the inquiry, and (ii) no material has beenplaced before the Court to indicate that a breach of the peacewas Jikely or was threatened.
With regard to objection (ii), it seems to me that the materialplaced before the court by way of affidavit sufficiently indicatedthe possibility of there being a breach of the peace, though itwas jot specifically stated. Therefore, I cannot see validity in theobjection to the Judge having proceeded to inquire into thedispute-
Artis v. Abeynayake (De Alwis, J.)
With regard to the objection (i), it must be noted that theorder, after the inquiry, has been delivered by the Judge sixteenweeks after the conclusion of the inquiry in disregard ofsection 67 (2) which says:
" The Judge of the Primary Court shall deliver his orderwithin one week of the conclusion of the inquiry
The inquiry has been concluded on 29.2.80 and the order hasbeen delivered on 25.5.80. It seems that the Judge alone couldexplain why the law was so flagrantly disregarded.
Counsel for the respondent submitted that the time limit laiddown in that section is not an imperative requirement and sub-mitted a number of authorities in support of his submission. Itis unnecessary to discuss them here as they do not interpret theterminology in or even any analogous terminology to that whichwe find in section 67 (2) with regard to the period of timewithin which the act should be done. The Criminal ProcedureCode required that a magistrate shall " forthwith " record averdict of " guilty " or " not guilty ", after taking the evidence,and that a District Court shall record a verdict of acquittal orconviction " forthwith " or " within not more than twenty fourhours ". Cases cited by counsel for the respondent dealt with suchunprecise terminology as above. In that context these expres-sions needed judicial interpretation.
The Criminal Procedure Code was repealed by the Adminis-tration of Justice Law, No. 44 of 1973, which took its place. Thelatter Law provided that the Magistrate and the District Judgeshall record the verdict " not later han twenty four hours afterthe conclusion of the taking of evidence. It would be seen thatthere is a similarity with regard to the delivery of the verdictunder the Administration of Justice Law and the delivery of theorder under section 67 (2) of the Primary Courts Procedure Act.Both enactments lay down a definite period of time within whicha verdict or an order, as the case may be, shall be delivered.
In the case of Dias et al. v, Suwaris et al. (1), Wijesundera, J.said, " Where the meaning of a statute is plain nothing can bedone but to obey it". "When one statute stated that the act inquestion should be done " within one week " and another said thatit should be done " not later than twenty four hours ", both enact-ments said the same, except, of course, with regard to the actualperiod of time. They fixed two definite terminals and expresseda duration of time without ambiguity. Therefore the dictum inthe above cited case is applicable to the present case. Whensection 67 (2) is so clear and there has been a clear departure
(1980) 2 S.L.R.
Sri Lanka taw Reports
from it by the Judge of the Primary Court, there is nothing thatthis court could do but to set aside the order of the Judge, as theorder has been made when the Judge has ceased to havejurisdiction.
In the result, I allow the application but without costs.HANASINGHE, J—I agreeApplication allowed.
N. Mahendra.,Attorney-at-law,


text:
Board index » Frank Zappa » Legends, Myths and Fantasies
John McLaughlin Interview
Post subject: John McLaughlin Interview
Dallas Observer Blog wrote:
What do you think about the late Frank Zappa's criticism of your work as simply "operating a guitar like a machine gun?" Do you think that Zappa was right when he said that the whole trend in the music business was that faster is better?
I think he was just jealous! I toured with Frank, and while I've always enjoyed his recordings, on tour he would take very, very long guitar solos, and he just didn't have what it takes to play long guitar solos. That said, he has every right to his opinions, and in earlier days, I'm sure he had some validity in his criticisms of my playing.
Here we have an interviewer who's misquoting FZ and an interviewee who's suckered in to being a bit of a wanker. I really like JM's music but he's a bit of a tool.
We've had this discussion elsewhere about jazz. JM cut his teeth in the jazz world but he gradually absorbed non standard jazz influences, broadened his outlook and his solos did evolve beyond just cut and dried jazz expositions. But he still tends to have this basic jazz type thing running through how he puts them together, which is not a criticism, but his knowledge of the guitar keyboard and how he was able to improvise some pretty interesting stuff seems to be where he's coming from when he says FZ didn't have what it takes.
FZ was influenced in a big way by Stravinsky and his polytonal, polyphonic thing. He tried quite a few multi chord type solos earlier in his career but later got more into having a pedal type background. A lot of people call this modal and find it boring, but what he did was actually polymodal and also embellished with lots of harmonic surprises. It was a lot more involved than just straight out modal. Of course, it's a question of taste, and I think his solos were quite brilliant and ultimately my favourites are the ones where he cherry picked and edited after the event.
So, really, JM is just completely missing the point. And jealous?? What is that??
The Whole Interview
BRAVO SIERRA
Post subject: Re: John McLaughlin Interview
Nice interview, thanks for the link. I love both JM and FZ, I really do not waste any time with the notion of jealousy, I would love to have heard some sort of collaboration with these to masters.
"I'm interested in the capitalistic way of life, and the reason I like it better than anything else I've seen so far is because competition produces results."
Here's the correct quote from a 1977 interview:
Steve Rosen: What about the contemporary heavies, like Jeff Beck or John McLaughlin?
Frank Zappa: I like Jeff, yeah. I've listened to "Wired" [Epic], and there are a couple of solos on there that I like. And I like some of his stuff on "Rough and Ready" [Epic]. A person woud be a moron not to appreciate McLaughlin's technique. The guy has certainly found out how to operate a guitar as if it were a machine gun. But I'm not always enthusiastic about the lines I hear or the ways in which they're used. I don't think you can fault him, though, for the amount of time and effort it must have taken to play an instrument that fast. I think anybody who can play that fast is just wonderful. And I'm sure 90% of teenage America would agree, since the whole trend in the business has been "faster is better."
And here's another quote from a 1984 interview:
Interviewer: John McLaughlin?
Frank Zappa: I met John. I think he's a great guitar player and I think that he's probably done a lot to educate American audiences to some aspects of Eastern music that they wouldn't have come into contact with before. We did a tour with McLaughlin and old Mahavishnu, we did 11 concerts with them.
As you can see, FZ isn't really putting John's playing down. He's only criticizing him a little bit but is actually mostly praising him. So apart from the fact FZ was mostly misquoted, I think John's just a little too sensitive and responds with his own criticism of FZ, defensively. That's all. He's a artist, after all. And artists are generally sensitive people...
KillUgly
I remember that interview from '77. It was when FZ was on the cover of Guitar Player magazine. I didn't really know who John McLaughlin was at the time but that always came off to me as a put-down or at the very best a back-handed compliment and it does reek a little bit of jealousy. I think it's obvious from interviews from others that FZ was influenced by Mahavishnu in the early 70's when he was doing alot of fusion-like material with the Roxy band. I just don't think it was in FZ's DNA to give somebody a flat out compliment, like how he barely acknowledged the Beatles ("I only liked three of their songs"). No matter who he was talking about it seemed FZ always had to temper any praise he was giving with some criticism or sarcasm. It is nice to see that he was alot more compimentary of McLaughlin in the '84 interview. I also agree with Disco Boy about the sensitivity of artists and that FZ's '77 criticism probably didn't go unnoticed by McLaughlin.
Last edited by KillUgly on Sun May 15, 2011 9:24 am, edited 1 time in total.
Thinman
Absolutely right. What I do from time to time for fun: I put on SUAPYG or G, turn down the bass frequencies and play my own bass along while he is doing his solos. I don't stick to the center tonality of the original basspart but instead I would try different changing roots that go along with his melodic ideas and create an improvised new harmonic context for the solos, so to speak. This always gives me surprises about his astonishing rich melodic universe.
What he did rhythmically and melodicaly is totally beyond the static pedal background - and because of this tension, it works. The multichord context is all there - in his melodies. A pity that JM doesn't hear this.
Th.
RatTomago
One thing to keep in mind is that Zappa didn't fully develop his style of extended soloing until the late '70s. The stuff McLaughlin was hearing on that tour wasn't "Shut Up And Play Yer Guitar", even if it was "Inca Roads".
Zappa's concept of extended soloing took his whole career to perfect. It took years of playing, plus having the right backing musicians (Vinnie, Art...) to fully realize it. In 72-73, he was still finding his way.
Another thing to consider is that he almost never released a guitar solo un-edited. Two of my favourite solos are Inca Roads, and Rat Tomago. One is a comp of two different performances, the other is a heavily edited performance.
pbuzby
RatTomago wrote:
The "Inca Roads" solo on One Size Fits All? It's from Helsinki except for the first two notes, which are from the L.A. performance used for the rest of the song (and which are the same two notes he used to start the solo in Helsinki, but with a different rhythm). A few big edits there though.
FWIW, I agree that yes, some of FZ's live solos in 1973 were too long, and that McLaughlin seemed too intent on "operating a guitar as if it was a machine gun" sometimes then too.
FZ clearly wasn't putting John's playing down, the reporter clearly induced this negative comment by McLaughlin.
Rock journalism is people who can't write interviewing people who can't talk for people who can't read.
Here we have an interviewer who's misquoting FZ and an interviewee who's suckered in to being a bit of a wanker.
I'm pretty sure that mclaughlin would have answered the question about fz quite differently, if the interviewer had given him the correct fz quotes.
as for myself; I was never a big mclaughlin-fan.
I liked 'birds of fire' (mahavishnu orchestra) and the shakti-albums, but that's pretty much it.
IMO FZ's comment about not being enthusiastic about what McLaughlin plays, and adding that it fits the tastes of "teenage America" (usually not a compliment coming from FZ) could certainly be taken as putting his playing down.
But he was more generous in the comment from 1984.
U-Fraidees
Location: Oakland
I don't think FZ really enjoyed talking about other musician's he was competetive with in the market during interviews.
the comments are direct and honest, whether we think they're colored by peevishness or competetiveness or not.
the majority of rock journalism is pointless anyway ... since many of those people have never heard anyone else, or anything else, and sometimes it's cool to ask a stupid question, since so many rockers love to answer them, and makes them feel more important ... people on the same level.
I have to be honest with you ... I'm not sure that the majority of Frank's audience was a whole lot better, since many of them were there for the hits and the star thing, or the guitar thing, and not for the music! And that is not to suggest that folks here fit in that spot, because most of them here obviously don't!
John is an interesting player, and my only problem with his work is his hurry to get on to the solo, and sometimes, an accent, and not a solo would be much nicer and give his band more room to make things better ... that's not to say that it was not good. I guess there is peace in a machine gun somewhere!
ZackGlickman
Posted: Sun Aug 21, 2011 1:11 am
Location: Down in France
Have you seen the Drum Channel DVD, The Drummers of Frank Zappa?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruB1JplOmTw
Ruth and Chester have an interesting story about the tour with the Mahavishnu and how it influenced Frank to play louder.
diplomaticpermissiondeepi
Location: Birmingham Warwickshire UK
ZackGlickman wrote:
I think Ruth's perception here pins the point down perfectly.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IW7h9CZs ... re=related
A Blanket in my Muesli. A Blanket in my what??
He's a CEO for Chrissakes!
I saw Mahavishnu on the Birds of Fire tour and they were very good. I do not think that FZ was criticizing Mclaughlin and I am glad he said complimentary things about Jeff Beck, who I really admire more and more each passing year.
Frank was competitive, and he was a tough evaluator of talent. Nothing wrong with that.
It's a shame that John McLaughlin was hoodwinked into criticising FZ by the recent interviewer. FZ as Ruth indicates, was clearly in awe of the spectacle when he first heard Mahavishnu Orchestra.
… the majority of rock journalism is pointless anyway ...
I've read many interviews with FZ in magazines before the age of the worldwideweb. Later when one had access to the sources via youtube etc., it became obvious that many times those writers had taken questions and answers out of their original context and "created" new combinations to their own liking. Disgusting!
The same thing had been done by those two Austrians in their FZ video documentaries.
Always be careful with edited interviews in any medium. Be it FZ, or politicians or whatever.
diplomaticpermissiondeepi wrote:
It's a shame that John McLaughlin was hoodwinked into criticising FZ by the recent interviewer.
Not that big of a deal to me and at least one person in FZ's band at the time has made similar criticisms of FZ's solos.
pbuzby wrote:
Did he criticize during his tenure with FZ or after I wonder. It is good to know that JMac had FZ had his part into the listening habits
Did he criticize during his tenure with FZ or after I wonder.
Probably after. I don't suppose FZ critiqued John to his face either, or vice versa.
I see no record of FZ really critiquing JMac. However JMac's fellow musicians laid into him in a magazine interview whilst on the road with Mahavishnu (over 500 gigs) which hurt him real bad it seems.The band members were not on a spiritual quest like John. Rick Laird talks about this on his Buddha at the Gas Pump interview which is worth checking out. It is particularly interesting to hear him feel such a fraud when he saw Miles sat in the audience. Rick Laird solo LP 'Soft Focus' LP is worth seeking out.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzyDMIhHgXA
(here on YT part 2 Rick talks about FZ and the 12 gigs they did together)
http://www.facebook.com/BuddhaAtTheGasPump?sk=wall
Birds Of Fire epitomizes cheesy sounding 70s fusion. Jan Hammer's sound is dated and annoying. The show offy licks are soulless and boring. The "look how fast we can play" mentality is impressive for about 20 seconds and then I want some inspired melodic ideas. This album does not deliver. It is almost the worst Mahavishnu Orchestra album. The fact that McLaughlin needed a guru tells me something. I doubt Zappa was jealous because he was making much more inspired music in the early 70s. Mahavishnu was all about showing off chops. It's like listening to someone practice scales.
BOF was my introduction to MO so I kind of like it, but can see where you coming from, what is quiet clear under the light of the Inner Mouting Flame (no pun intended). Miles Davis is a great song and there are some inspired themes, or at least performances (One Word, intro cut).
I thought Zappa was complimenting McLaughlin at some time for saying one has to be a moron not to appreciate the technique of a guy who operates his guitar as a machine gun... I read this interview long ago...
Last edited by Mr_Green_Genes on Mon Sep 05, 2011 2:03 am, edited 1 time in total.
Almost the same criticism as 80's metal especially the neo-classical movement of Yngwie Malmsteen, etc. but also potentially including every "shredder" to this day.
KillUgly wrote:
I just can't see what the BOF criticiser is seeing. I think Birds of Fire is still a great listening experience. It is difficult to see John McLaughlin being anything other that sincere, I don't think anyone should judge him to be otherwise if he was using a guru to propel him to where he wanted to go. Mahavishnu 'Go ahead' John was simply following a centuries old tradition that just happened to find rock n' roll during that period 45 years ago. Mahavishnu LP's have been in print continuously since their release unlike probably all of those weedly wee wee wee shredding elpea's of the 1980's.


A tendency of American fashionistas is to display logos, both brand names and athletic teams. Lately, most clothing dons larger than life logos – the more noticeable the better – or so it seems from the offerings of department stores and teen-college retailers. Before you grab that oh-so-stylish hoodie with the giant logo or favorite collegiate team emblazoned on the front, give pause to think about what the locals will think, or if these items could be considered offensive.
Baseball is an American sport, hence the baseball cap being perceived as an American accessory. Not that being American is a bad thing – just no need to draw attention, especially in unfamiliar surroundings. So, when you dash out of the hotel for a quick pastry, opt for a pony tail rather than donning a baseball cap on bad hair days. Wearing a baseball cap is a bit casual and is a bit rude indoors anyway.
You know what bling is, right? Excessive Jewelry, whether costume or real is fine for going out stateside, but honestly you should never even pack those items when traveling overseas or out of the country. The best advice is take small statement pieces or jewelry that while it may compliment your attire, won't draw unnecessary attention to you or your traveling companions. The last thing you want is to lose something by accident or from theft.
The American flag has been incorporated into the fashion world on hats, shirts, bandanas, jeans, bathing suits, and jewelry. If it can be worn, the American flag has been used whether as apparel or as an accessory. It should be obvious not to wear the USA flag apparel abroad, but unfortunately, to some it's not. With kidnappings on the rise it is wise not to draw attention to oneself as an American tourist or student.
Travel Retailers may not be licensed to sell insurance, in all states, and are not authorized to answer technical questions about the benefits, exclusions, and conditions of this insurance and cannot evaluate the adequacy of your existing insurance. These plans provides insurance coverage for your trip that applies only during the covered trip. You may have coverage from other sources that provides you with similar benefits but may be subject to different restrictions depending upon your other coverages. You may wish to compare the terms of this policy with your existing life, health, home and automobile policies. The purchase of this plan is not required in order to purchase any other travel product or service offered to you by your travel retailers. If you have any questions about your current coverage, call your insurer, insurance agent or broker. This notice provides general information on Trawick International's products and services only. Policies will contain certain reductions, limitations, exclusions, and termination provisions. In the event the actual policy forms are inconsistent with any information provided herein, the language of the policy forms shall govern.
The information contained in this website is not intended to be an offer to sell or a solicitation in connection with any product or service by Trawick International, in any jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would be unlawful or in which Trawick International is not qualified to do so. Not all insurance products described in this website are available to all persons in all States, Countries, or other jurisdictions at all times. All products contain certain conditions, restrictions, limitations and eligibility requirements.
By using this website, you agree to the terms of its use. If you do not agree to these terms, PLEASE DO NOT USE THIS WEBSITE. For additional information or questions, please contact Trawick International or your independent insurance broker or agent.
Trawick International works in conjunction with both US and non-US based insurance companies. US based: Nationwide is an insurance company domiciled and licensed in the State of Ohio. Non-US based: GBG Insurance Limited is an insurance company domiciled and licensed in Guernesy. Claims made against GBG Insurance Limited insurance products described in this website may not be made against any state guaranty fund.
Non-US based insurance products are strictly limited to viewing by US citizens who are traveling or residing outside the United States and/or non-US citizens temporarily traveling to the US.


text:
You are readingWheel Of Fortune on the PSN
March 19, 2009. By Pablo
Wheel Of Fortune on the PSN
Those of you who were waiting for the latest game on the PlayStation Network would be pleased to know that the Wheels of Fortune would be released today, that is, March 19, 2009 for $14.99. Wheel of Fortune is America's favorite game show and it can now be played on the PSN which is certainly great news. You could go ahead and spin the wheel in order to try and solve the puzzle with your friends.
This could be one of the few games that have bridged the gap between gaming and Reality shows on the TV. The game comes with an in-depth character creation mode and since PSN is not just about playing alone, the game offers multiplayer and network modes as well as voice chat support. This way, the game does not exactly remain a virtual version of the reality game show, but imbibes real time playing with other friends and rivals.
The icing on the cake has to be the PlayStation 3 Trophies which players can earn as they gain points. I am sure there is an increasing possibility of creating games that gather and take inspiration from TV shows which are already popular. This makes the TV shows themselves more real and reachable to the audience, by bringing them to the consoles we love.
tags: playstation network, ps3 wheel of fortune, psn games, psn wheel of fortune, wheel of fortune, wheeloffortune


Offer extended to firs candidate.
First hand: Had my campus visit already. Total 4 campus visits were scheduled. Last visit takes place 2/14, first offer will be made by 2/18.
They had phone interviews (second hand). Phone inter. (first hand) - From the "Spanish 2010-2011" wiki page.
MLA interview, email contact (12/14) x2.
Phone contact on 12/16 to firm up MLA interview slots.
Second hand, already carried out phone interview (before 12/14) - From the "Spanish 2010-2011" wiki page.
Phone interviews already carried out (second-hand, see also "Spanish 2010-2011").
Dartmouth College (TT Portuguese position) - Last of 4 campus visits scheduled for Monday 2/14/11. Faculty selects first choice finalist during S&P Dept. meeting Wednesday, offer most likely will be made to that individual by end of week. Second hand: offer made and accepted.
This wiki page should be cross-referenced with Spanish 2010-2011, considering that there are always TT slots for candidates doing both Spanish/Portuguese, and/or Latin Americanists who incorporate Brazil.


text:
\section{Introduction}
As early successes in natural language processing (NLP), several studies based on
transformers
have shown impressive results in vision tasks. Recent studies have shown that transformer-based architectures renew the state of the art across a wide range of subject areas, including image classificatio
, object detection and semantic segmentatio
, and generative models

Despite its great successes, the original self-attention (SA) mechanism has $O(N^2)$ time and memory complexity due to the matrix multiplication of $\sigma (QK^T)\in R^{N\times N}$ and $V$. This is one of the well-known drawbacks of traditional transformers. For vision tasks, $N$ is proportional to the input resolution. This means that SA consumes 16 times the computational resources if the width and height of the input image are doubled.

Here, we propose a new model that implements an alternative novel SA mechanism to avoid this drawback. It is called the X-ViT, the vision transformer with XNorm. Our key method replaces softmax nonlinearity with a simple $L_2$-norm. Using the associative law of matrix multiplication, our new SA algorithm requires much less computational resources than the original SA.
\input{table/params_acc_comparison}

The main contributions in this paper are summarized as follows:
\begin{itemize}
    \item We propose a novel \textit{constraint} scheme, XNorm, that generates a unit hypersphere to extract relational features.
    It eliminates non-linearity from SA by replacing the softmax function. Our module has $\text{O}(N)$ complexity, and it handles high-resolution inputs efficiently.
    \item We demonstrate that X-ViT can be adopted for general purposes.
    Our proposed method outperforms most of the state-of-the-art models based on transformers at lower capacity and FLOPs. In particular, our models perform well in lightweight regimes.
    \item We empirically show that X-ViT models have faster inference speed and require less GPU memory.
\end{itemize}

\section{Related Works}
Dosovitskiy et al.\cite{dosovitskiy2020image} proposed a
vision transformer (ViT), which showed that transformer-based models could be used for vision tasks. After the achievements of ViT, DeiT\cite{touvron2020training} introduced data-efficient training strategies for vision transformers with detailed ablation studies. They solved the ViT data efficiency problem successfully, and most of the current transformer-based models follow their schemes.

Instead of architectural strategies, many approaches have been proposed to solve the $\text{O}(N^2)$ problem of the SA mechanism. They are summarized in several categories: those that use their own spatial patterns\cite{ho2019axial, child2019generating, sukhbaatar2019adaptive}, those that use various low-rank factorization methods \cite{choromanski2020rethinking, shen2021efficient, wang2020linformer}, those that use linear approximation by sampling important tokens\cite{kitaev2020reformer, xiong2021nystr}, and those that use cross-covariance matrices instead of Gram matrices\cite{el2021xcit}. Although detailed methods are quite different, our XNorm is mainly related to low-rank factorization methods.

Tokens-to-token ViT, introduced by Yuan et al.\cite{yuan2021tokens}, aims to achieve a similar objective through different approaches. They presented a method of overlapping tokens to locally correlate patches. They did not use additional methods to reduce the computation, except when using small channels. El-Nouby et al. introduced local patch interactions in XCiT\cite{el2021xcit}. With two depthwise convolutions\cite{chollet2017xception} added after XCA, XCiT achieved better performance. Our models are generally inspired by the intrinsic optimization strategies that XCiT\cite{el2021xcit} introduced, while we present our own SA method.

\section{Methods} \label{sec:methods}
\input{table/ufo_figure}
\input{table/ufo_scheme}
\subsection{XNorm}
The structure of our model is shown in Figure \ref{fig:ufo-vit}. It is a mixture of convolutional layers, a X-ViT module, and a simple feed-forward MLP layer.

For an input $\textbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^{N\times C}$, the original SA mechanism is formulated as follows:
\begin{align}\label{eq:sa}
&A(\textbf{x})=\text{Softmax}(QK^T/\sqrt{d_k})V\\
&Q=\textbf{x}W_Q, K=\textbf{x}W_K, V=\textbf{x}W_V
\end{align}
where $A$ denotes the attention operator.

By removing softmax function from original SA, $QK^{T}V$ can be decomposed into $K^T$ and $Q(K^{T}V)$. Compared to $\text{O}(N^2)$ complexity of original SA, each matrix multiplication has $\text{O}(N)$ complexity.

So we designed a simple constraint to replace softmax function. Our proposed method, called \textbf{cross-normalization} or \textbf{XNorm}, is defined as follows:
\begin{align}\label{eq:xnorm} &A(\textbf{x})=\text{XN}_{\text{dim}=\text{filter}}(Q)(\text{XN}_{\text{dim}=\text{space}}(K^{T}V))\\
&\text{XN}(\textbf{a})\coloneqq \cfrac{\gamma\textbf{a}}{\sqrt{\sum_{i=0}^{h} ||\textbf{a}||^2}}
\end{align}
where $\gamma$ is a learnable parameter and $h$ is the number of embedding dimensions. It is a common $L_2$-norm, applied to the patches of $K^{T}V$ and the filters of $Q$.

In the above formulation, the patches of $V$ are projected to $h$ dimension by $K$. After that, the pixel-to-pixel relations are computed by multiplying $Q$. In this process, we observed that the variance of sizes of the pixel vectors can harm the stability of training at initial stage. With XNorm, all pixels are normalized to unit-sized vectors. It makes training stable and improves the performance of the model.

To build our X-ViT model, we adopted architectural strategies from earlier vision transformer models\cite{graham2021levit, xiao2021early, el2021xcit, touvron2021going}. First, we used convolutional layers instead of linear patch embedding layers. Several recent studies\cite{graham2021levit, xiao2021early} claimed that early convolutional layers help vision transformers to be well-trained. Also, we added the local patch interaction (LPI) layers proposed in XCiT\cite{el2021xcit}. We found that the latter showed better performance than the other type of convolutional modules. The overall structure is illustrated in Figure \ref{fig:ufo-vit}.

\input{table/comparison_imagenet1k}

\subsection{X-ViT}\label{sec:x-vit}
To build our X-ViT model, we adopted architectural strategies from earlier vision transformer models\cite{graham2021levit, xiao2021early, el2021xcit, touvron2021going}. In this section, we introduce several intrinsic structures that improve performance. The overall structure is illustrated in Figure \ref{fig:ufo-vit}.

\textbf{Replace linear patch embedding with convolutions.} Several recent studies\cite{graham2021levit, xiao2021early} claimed that early convolutional layers help vision transformers to be well-trained. To adopt their strategy, we used convolutional layers instead of linear patch-embedding layers.

\textbf{Multi-headed attention.} Following the original transformer\cite{vaswani2017attention}, our modules are multi-headed for better regularization. The $\gamma$ parameter in Eq.\ref{eq:xnorm} is applied to all heads to scale the importance of each head.

\textbf{Convolutional layers.} Designing an extra module to extract local features is not a new idea. We chose the most simplistic method by adding various types of convolutional layers. We experimented with both the simple depthwise convolutions and the local patch interaction (LPI) layers proposed in XCiT\cite{el2021xcit}. We found that the latter showed better performance on the regimes overall.

\textbf{Class attention.} In the ImageNet1k experiments, we used the class attention layers presented in CaiT\cite{touvron2021going}. This helps the class token gather spatial information. Class attention is computed on class token only to reduce computation, as in the original paper. We implemented the class attention layers using X-ViT modules, whereas CaiT used the SA module for class attention.

\input{table/coco_mAP_table}
\section{Experiments} \label{sec:experiments}
\subsection{Image Classification}
\textbf{Dataset.} For the image classification task, we trained our models using the ImageNet1k\cite{deng2009imagenet} dataset from scratch.

\textbf{Implementation details.} Our setup was almost the same as that of DeiT\cite{touvron2020training}. However, we optimized some hyperparameters according to the model size. The learning rate was scaled per the 512 batch size following the linear scaling rule\cite{you2017large} and linearly warmed up for the first 5 epochs. We trained our model for 400 epochs using the AdamW optimizer\cite{loshchilov2017decoupled} and cosine scheduler. For data augmentation, CutMix\cite{yun2019cutmix} and RandAugment\cite{cubuk2020randaugment} was used. We applied a stronger augmentation in larger models.

\textbf{Fine-tune at higher resolution.} Instead of training from scratch again, we fine-tuned X-ViT-M and X-ViT-B at a higher resolution. Our models achieved better performance in 0.1$\times$ training time compared to learning from scratch.

\textbf{Comparison with state-of-the-art models.} We experimented with four models that used the same architectural design schemes as DeiT\cite{touvron2020training}. (See Table \ref{tb:imagenet_comparison}.) As summarized in Figure \ref{fig:params_acc_comparison}, all our models showed better performance and parameter efficiency than most of the concurrent transformer-based models.

\input{table/memory_consumption}

\subsection{Object Detection with Mask R-CNN}
\textbf{Implementation details.} Our models were trained and evaluated on the COCO benchmark dataset\cite{lin2014microsoft} for the object detection task. We used our models as the backbone and mask R-CNN\cite{he2017mask} as the detector heads. Our training setups and hyperparameters follow that of DETR\cite{carion2020end}. All experiments were performed on a 3x schedule. The input resolution was fixed at $800\times1333$ for all the experiments.

\textbf{Evaluation on COCO dataset.} We compared CNNs\cite{he2016deep, xie2017aggregated} and ViT models on object detection and instance segmentation tasks. To make the comparison fair, the experimental environment was the same for all the results. All models were pre-trained on the ImageNet1k dataset.

According to Table \ref{tb:coco}, our models significantly outperform the CNN-based models and achieve higher or more competitive results than do state-of-the-art vision transformers. Notably, Swin transformer\cite{liu2021swin} models showed better results in the overall regime. Their architectural strategy is better optimized for dense prediction tasks, while that of our models is not.

\iffalse
The modules in XCiT\cite{el2021xcit} models have a structure similar to that of the X-ViT modules except for the SA scheme. Hence, they show a mAP curve similar to that of X-ViT according to the model capacity. They perform slightly better than our model in a similar design space. It is possible that the XCiT models have a larger embedding space $d$.

Swin transformer\cite{liu2021swin} models showed better results in the overall regime. We infer that this is because their architectural strategy is better optimized for dense prediction tasks. Notably, X-ViT-B performs slightly worse than X-ViT-M on the bounding box detection task, but slightly better in detecting smaller bounding boxes and overall instance segmentation scores.
\fi

\input{table/resolution_throughput_comparison}

\subsection{Measuring Computational Efficiency}
We measured the various computational resources required for the inference. All measurements were performed on a single V100 GPU with 32GB of VRAM.

\textbf{Memory efficiency.} According to Figure \ref{fig:memory_consumption}, we determined that our models consumed much less memory for larger resolutions compared to DeiT \cite{touvron2020training} and Swin Models\cite{liu2021swin}. Our model can process up to a 4$\times$ batch size compared with other models showing similar performance.

\textbf{GPU throughput.} Figure \ref{fig:resolution_throuput_comparison} shows that our model is faster than other models showing similar performance. And the GPU throughput of our model decreases more slowly compared to other models as input resolution increases.

\section{Conclusion}
In this paper, we proposed a simple method that ensures linear complexity for SA without
loss of performance. By replacing the softmax function, we removed the quadratic operation using the associative law of matrix multiplication. This type of factorization has typically caused performance degradation in earlier studies. The X-ViT models outperformed most of the existing state-of-the-art transformer-based and CNN-based models for image classification. We have shown that our models can also be deployed well for general purposes. Our X-ViT models show performance on dense prediction tasks that are competitive with or better than earlier models. With more optimized structures for dense prediction, we expect our models to become more efficient and perform better.

\bibliographystyle{ieee_fullname}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv