text:
\section{Introduction}
Recently there has been a lot of interest in the difference in the
measured values of $\alpha_s$ in high and low energy experiments. A
very useful summary of the issues have been given in a recent paper by
Shifman\cite{shifman} suggesting that the observed discrepancy between
the higher values of $\approx 0.125$ for $\alpha_{s}(M_Z)$ derived
from the global fit of LEP/SLC data assuming only the SM particle
content and interactions on the one hand and lower values near
$\approx 0.11$ derived from the low energy data such
as deep inelastic electron scattering \cite{altarelli,vir}, lattice
calculations \cite{el-kadra}
involving the upsilon and the $J/\Psi$ system etc on the other should be
considered to be an indication of the presence of new
physics\cite{langa}. If this new physics is identified with the
supersymmetric version of the standard model at low energy, then one
can attempt to do a global fit to all LEP/SLC data including the
supersymmetric particles and interactions and see if indeed the high
value of $\alpha_{s}(M_Z)$ indicated there is lowered. Such an
analysis has been carried out recently by several groups\cite{kane},
 who have shown that if the stop and the chargino masses
are kept below a 100 GeV, then there are new contributions to the
$Z\rightarrow b\overline{b}$ decay which increase its decay width.  In
the presence of these contributions, the global fit to LEP/SLC data indeed
leads to a value for $\alpha_{s}(M_Z)
\simeq .112$ which is what the low energy data give for this parameter.
Of course it should be noted that the values of parameters used in the
above discussion may not be obtainable in simple SUSY GUT theories.
It should be noted that there are a number of other suggestions that
could also lead to a higher value for the $Z\rightarrow b\overline{b}$
width. It could very well be that one of these scenarios rather than
the SUSY contribution is at the real heart of the problem. But for our
discussion of unification, it important that either the experimental
value of the $Z\rightarrow b\overline{b}$ come down or that the
supersymmetric scenario provide an explanation for its enhancement
over the standard model value so that the value of $\alpha_{s}(M_Z)$
gravitates towards its lower value. As we discuss below, this low value
will have profound implications for the nature of SUSY GUT theories.

The LEP measurements of the gauge couplings
$\alpha_1,\alpha_2$ and $\alpha_{s}$ combined with the
coupling constant evolution dictated by the minimal supersymmetric
standard model, have in the past three years led to speculations that
the present data while providing overwhelming support for the standard
model may in fact be indicating that the next level of physics
consists of a single scale supersymmetric grand unified theory, with
new physics beyond supersymmetry appearing only at the scale of
$10^{16}$ GeV\cite{amaldi}. This has generated a great deal of
excitement and activity in the area of supersymmetric grand unified
theories(SUSY GUT). Consequently, the renormalization group (RG) analysis
have become more
refined over the time including the various low and high scale threshold
corrections. The effect of low energy threshold corrections has been
included in the simple step function approximation as well as by including
a detailed mass dependent renormalization scheme \cite{bagger, mar, chan}.
These analysis conclude that the effect of the low energy threshold effects
is to increase the predicted value of $\alpha_s $. The GUT scale threshold
corrections to $\alpha_s$ come mainly from two sources in the minimal scheme-
the doublet-triplet splitting and the mass splitting among the heavy scalars
present at the GUT scale. The threshold effects from the well known
doublet-triplet splitting always increases the
prediction of $\alpha_s$. The threshold effects from
the splitting among the heavy scalars can be of either sign depending on
the mass spectrum of the heavy scalars. In the minimal SU(5) GUT the heavy
scalars reside in the 24 dimensional adjoint representation of SU(5) and the
spectrum the masses of these heavy scalars are quite constrained. A
combined analysis including the heavy and light threshold corrections in
the minimal SU(5) GUT predicts a value of $\alpha_s$ around 0.126\cite{bagger}
 when the
superpartner masses are at the TeV scale. If the s-particle masses are
less than 1 TeV the prediction of $\alpha_s$ increases further. For example,
for s-particle masses around 500 GeV, the predicted value of $\alpha_s$ is
0.130, even beyond the value measured at LEP. Clearly, this leads to a
conflict. On the one hand to reduce the prediction of $\alpha_s$ in a SUSY
GUT one needs a high value of the s-particle masses; on the other hand, to fit
the LEP/SLC data with a low $\alpha_s$ in a supersymmetric model, one needs the
stop and the chargino below 100 GeV.

In this brief review, we will summarize the arguments leading one to
conclude that if the value of
the QCD fine structure constant $\alpha_{s}(M_Z)$ at the weak scale turns out
to be around $0.112$ as is indicated by several low energy experiments then
to reconcile this value with the predictions for supersymmetric GUTs
one necessarily needs new physics beyond the usual minimal SUSY GUT
scenarios, either at $10^{11}-10^{12}$ GeV or at
the GUT scale. Several new physics possibilities
 have been identified in recent
literature such as, (a) introducing non-universality of gaugino masses at
the GUT scale; (b) introducing heavy threshold effects coming from the heavy
scalar multiplets at the GUT scale, when the scalar sector of the minimal
SUSY SU(5) model is altered to include $50$, $\overline{50}$, and $75$
representations of SU(5); (c) introducing a superstring-inspired scalar
spectrum in a supersymmetric SO(10) GUT and making room to incorporate an
intermediate B-L symmetry breaking scale; (d) introducing an extra mini
doublet-triplet splitting near the GUT scale. This paper is organized as
 follows. In section 2, we state the basic notions; in section 3 we
outline how the non-universality of
gaugino masses can lead to a lowering of the prediction of $\alpha_s$; in
section 4, we describe the heavy threshold corrections in the SU(5) model
leading to the change in the prediction of $\alpha_s$; in section 5, we
describe the introduction of the string inspired scalar spectrum in the
supersymmetric SO(10) GUT - and the consequent lowering of the prediction
of $\alpha_s$ and in section 6, we describe the extra mini doublet triplet
splitting in the GUT scale. In section 7, we present our conclusions.

\section{Basic notions}

To illustrate our basic procedures, let us consider a toy example in which
all the superpartners are degenerate at the scale $M_Z$, excepting the
gluinos and the winos, which are somewhat heavier than the scale
$M_Z$. In such a scenario, the three gauge couplings at the scale $M_Z$ can
be related to the unification coupling by the relations,
\begin{eqnarray}
2 \pi \alpha^{-1}_s~(M_Z)&=& 2 \pi \alpha^{-1}_U + b^{susy}_s \ln {M_U
\over M_{\tilde{g}} } + [ b^{susy}_s - \Delta_{\tilde{g}}] \ln
{M_{\tilde{g}} \over M_Z}, \nonumber\\
2 \pi \alpha^{-1}_2~(M_Z)&=& 2 \pi \alpha^{-1}_U + b^{susy}_2 \ln
{M_U \over M_{\tilde{w}} } + [ b^{susy}_2 - \Delta_{\tilde{w}}]
\ln{M_{\tilde{w}} \over M_Z},
\nonumber\\
2 \pi \alpha^{-1}_1~(M_Z)&=& 2 \pi \alpha^{-1}_U + b^{susy}_1 \ln{M_U
\over M_Z}, \label{rge}
\end{eqnarray}
where, $b^{susy}_i$ are the usual one-loop supersymmetric beta function
coefficients and $\Delta_{\tilde{g}}$ and $\Delta_{\tilde{w}}$ are the
contributions from the gluino and the wino loops to $b^{susy}_s$ and
$b^{susy}_2$ respectively and $M_U$ is the grand
unification scale. We notice that the quadratic Casimirs of
the SU(2), U(1) and SU(3) groups have the values 2,0 and 3 respectively.
Using a vector orthogonal to (2,0,3) and (1,1,1) we construct the
combination,
\begin{equation}
c= 2 \pi [ 3 \alpha^{-1}_2(M_Z)-\alpha^{-1}_{1Y}(M_Z)-2
\alpha^{-1}_s(M_Z)]. \label{c}
\end{equation}
Combining Eqn.(\ref{rge}) and Eqn.(\ref{c}) we have,
\begin{eqnarray}
c=[3 b^{susy}_2-b^{susy}_1-2b^{susy}_s] \ln{M_U \over M_Z}
- 3 \Delta_{M_{\tilde{w}} } \ln {M_{\tilde{w}} \over M_Z} +2
\Delta_{\tilde{g}} \ln {M_{\tilde{g}} \over M_Z}. \label{comb}
\end{eqnarray}
In the right hand side of Eqn.(\ref{comb}) the gauge and the fermionic
contributions to the beta function coefficients cancel out due to the
orthogonality that has been mentioned earlier, where as the scalar
contribution does not. At this stage, using $\Delta_{\tilde{w}}=4/3$
and $\Delta_{\tilde{g}}=2$, we have the prediction of $\alpha_s$, as,
\begin{equation}
\alpha^{-1}_s(M_Z)={ 1\over 2}~[3 \alpha^{-1}_2-\alpha^{-1}_1] -{3 \over
5 \pi} \ln{M_U \over M_Z} + { 1\over  \pi} \ln {M_{\tilde{w}} \over M_Z} -
{ 1\over  \pi} \ln {M_{\tilde{g}} \over M_Z}, \label{predic}
\end{equation}
where, the second term is the threshold correction due to the doublet
triplet splitting, in which $M_U$ and $M_Z$ are the masses of the
superheahy triplet and the light doublet higgs scalars. It is interesting to
note that the `gluino'-term
and the `wino'-term in the right hand side of Eqn.(\ref{predic}) have a
relative sign among them.

\section{Non-universality of gaugino masses}

In the minimal scenario the spontaneous breaking of supergravity yields a
global supersymmetric theory supplemented by a set of soft
supersymmetry-breaking parameters. In particular in SUSY GUT
theories, gauge invariance implies that at the GUT scale, one must have
a universal gaugino mass ($m_{1/2}$). Using the RG evolution, if one runs
the gaugino masses from the GUT scale to the lower scales, a relation
between the mass of gluionos and the mass of the winos is gotten
\cite{nilles}. If
the masses of the s-particles are near the electroweak scale one gets,
\begin{equation}
x \equiv {m_{\tilde{g}}(M_Z) \over m_{\tilde{w}}(M_Z)} = {\alpha_{2}(M_Z)
\over \alpha_s (M_Z)} \sim  3.3. \label{ratio}
\end{equation}
This relation is of considerable significance regarding the prediction of
$\alpha_s$ in a supersymmetric GUT as we will explain now. To predict $\alpha_s$
we use the complete relation,
\begin{eqnarray}
\alpha^{-1}_s(M_Z)&=&{1 \over 2}~[3 \alpha^{-1}_2(M_Z) -\alpha^{-1}_{1Y}(M_Z)]
- {1 \over \pi} \ln{M_{\tilde{g}} \over M_Z}
{}~\theta(M_{\tilde{g}}-M_Z) \nonumber\\
&+& {1 \over \pi} \ln{M_{\tilde{w}} \over M_Z} ~\theta(M_{\tilde{w}}-M_Z)
 + T_{heavy} + T_{others}. \label{alstrong}
\end{eqnarray}
The theta functions in Eqn.(\ref{alstrong}) have the value 1
whenever the argument is positive and is zero otherwise. $T_{heavy}$
parametrizes the heavy threshold
corrections arising from the doublet-triplet splitting as well as from
the splitting among the heavy scalars. $T_{others}$ parametrizes the
effect of the light degrees of freedom apart from the winos and the
gluinos. We notice that, when the mass of the gluino is less than the mass
of Z,
neither wino nor the gluino contributes to Eqn(\ref{alstrong}). When the
mass of the gluino crosses the $M_Z$ range, the `gluino'-term, having a
negative
sign, starts contributing to the $\alpha^{-1}_s$, and consequently $\alpha_s$
starts to
increase. Only when the mass of the wino becomes comparable to the
electroweak scale, the `wino'-term starts contributing, which compensates
the increasing effect. In the Figure 1 \cite{mar} this phenomenon
is depicted \footnote{ There is a
10 \% decrease of $\alpha^{-1}_s$ at the 2 loop level.}. Notice that the
mass of the gluino is always more than the
mass of the wino due to the constraining relation given in Eqn.(\ref{ratio}).

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\epsfxsize=8.5cm
\epsfysize=8.5cm
\mbox{\hskip -1.0in}\epsfbox{mar.eps}
\caption{ The one and two loop predictions of $\alpha_s(M_Z)$ in
MSSM with universal scalar mass term at the GUT scale.\label{}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Clearly, to reverse the effect, one needs to relax the mass relation
between the gluino and the wino \cite{nonuni}. This approach has been
taken by Roszkowski
and Shifman \cite{rs}. It has been noted by them that out of all soft
masses the soft masses of the wino and the gluino have the dominant
influence on the prediction of $\alpha_s$. The reason for this is two fold,

\noindent (a) The soft mass scale of the wino influences only the SU(2)
beta function coefficient, whereas the soft mass scale of the gluino
influences only the SU(3) beta function coeffcient only.

\noindent (b) The contribution of the wino and the gluino in the beta
function coefficients of SU(2) and SU(3) groups respectively are the
largest among all superparticles.

Along with this observations we may also observe that if the constraint in
Eqn.(\ref{ratio}) is
relaxed [the x parameter is varied], one can alter the prediction of
$\alpha_s$ considerably. The two loop predictions of $\alpha_s$ by choosing
different values of x have been summarized in Figure 2 \cite{rs}.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\epsfxsize=8.5cm
\epsfysize=8.5cm
\mbox{\hskip -1.0in}\epsfbox{shifman.eps}
\caption{ The contours of constant $\alpha_s (M_Z)$ for various
choices of the parameter `x'. \label{}} \end{center}
\end{figure}

One needs the gluino mass in the ball park of 100 GeV to predict
$\alpha_s=0.11$ by the above mechanism. Such a light gluino will have further
phenomenological consequences. For example, the gluino correction enhances
the hadronic width of $Z$. However, the $Z \rightarrow b
\overline{b}$ width increases too much for $M_{\tilde{g}} \sim 100$ GeV,
and one has to descend to unacceptably low sqark masses to reconcile with
the experimental $Z \rightarrow b \overline{b}$ width.

\section{Heavy thresholds and missing doublet SU(5)}

In the presence of heavy threshold corrections, the unification scale is
no longer well-defined. Let us, therefore, define a scale $\Lambda$,
which is larger than any GUT scale mass. Above the scale $\Lambda$ all the
couplings remain unified. Again we will consider a toy SU(5) example. Now,
as we are interested in the heavy thresholds only, let all the
superpartners of the standard model fermions and gauge bosons be
degenerate at the scale $M_Z$. The heavy spectrum of the minimal SU(5)
model is simple. The $(3, 2, 5/6) + (\overline{3}, 2, 5/6)$ components of
the $24$-scalar get absorbed by the heavy gauge bosons with a common mass
$M_V$. The SU(3)-octet and the SU(2)-triplet have a common mass
$M_\Sigma$ whereas the singlet has a mass $0.2M_\Sigma$. We can relate
the three gauge couplings at the scale $M_Z$ to the unified coupling at
the scale $\Lambda$ as \cite{hisano},
\begin{eqnarray}
\alpha_s^{-1}(M_Z)&=&[\alpha_U^{-1}(\Lambda) - { 2 \over \pi} \ln{
\Lambda \over M_V} + { 3 \over 2 \pi} \ln{ \Lambda \over M_\Sigma} +
{1 \over 2 \pi} \ln { \Lambda \over M_{H_3}}]
+ { 1 \over 2 \pi} b_s^{susy} \ln{\Lambda \over M_Z}, \nonumber\\
\alpha_2^{-1}(M_Z)&=&[\alpha_U^{-1}(\Lambda) - { 3 \over \pi}
\ln{\Lambda \over M_V} + {1 \over \pi} \ln{ \Lambda \over M_\Sigma}]
+ { 1 \over 2 \pi} b_2^{susy} \ln{\Lambda \over M_Z},
\nonumber\\
\alpha_1^{-1}(M_Z)&=&[\alpha_U^{-1}(\Lambda) - { 5 \over \pi}
\ln{\Lambda \over M_V} + {1 \over 5 \pi} \ln { \Lambda \over
M_{H_3}}]+{1 \over 2 \pi} b_1^{susy} \ln{\Lambda \over M_Z}.
\end{eqnarray}
Taking the combination c as in the previous section,
 we find that it is independent of any field that
is in the adjoint of SU(5) and we recover the result,
\begin{equation}
\alpha_s^{-1}(M_Z)={1 \over 2} [3 \alpha_2^{-1}-\alpha_1^{-1}] - { 3 \over
5 \pi} \ln{M_{H_3} \over M_Z}.
\end{equation}
Now, it is clear why we interpreted the second term in Eqn. (\ref{predic}) as
the effect of doublet triplet splitting.

We notice a special property of the $24$-dimensional scalar in relation
to the combination c. While the components $(3,2,5/6) + (\overline{3},2,
-5/6)$ are absorbed as the logitudinal components of the heavy SU(5)
gauge bosons, the rest are in the adjoint representation of the low
energy groups. We have already noticed that fields which are in the
adjoint representation of the low energy groups and having a common mass
cannot contribute to the combination c. Now, we also note that even the
would be goldstone bosons do not contribute to c; and no other component
of the adjoint is left; except the singlet which does not contribute to
the beta function coefficients. So the splitting in the adjoint $24$,
does not affect the prediction of $\alpha_s$ at all.

The situation changes if we introduce 75-dimensional scalar instead of
the adjoint to break the unification symmetry along with the $50$ and
$\overline{50}$ dimensional representations needed for the missing
doublet mechanism \cite{masiero}. Twelve components of $75$ will be eaten
up by the
the heavy gauge bosons. Remaining 63 components will be split in mass
\cite{yamada}.
Moreover, the color triplets from $50$ and $\overline{50}$ Higgs scalars
get mixed with the color triplets of $5$ and the $\overline{5}$. The rest
of the components of $50$ and the $\overline{50}$ components are not
split among themselves. They acquire a common mass $M_{50}$. The
typical masses of the various GUT scale heavy scalars \cite{yamada} have
been summerized in Table\ref{split}.

\begin{table}[htb]
\begin{center}
\[
\begin{array}{|c||c||c|}
\hline
component&mass &comments\\
\hline
(8,3,0) & M_\Sigma &   \\
(3,1, \pm 5/3)  &  0.8 M_\Sigma &   \\
(6,2, \pm 5/6) &  0.4 M_\Sigma &in~75   \\
(1,1,0)        &  0.4 M_\Sigma &of~SU(5)   \\
(8,1,0)        &  0.2 M_\Sigma &   \\
\hline
(3,1, \pm 1/3) &  M_{D_1}& in~5+\overline{5}  \\
(3,1, \pm 1/3) &  M_{D_2}& and~50+\overline{50}  \\
\hline
rest ~of~ 50+\overline{50}&M_{50} &   \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]
\end{center}
\caption{The representations and masses of the heavy scalars in the
missing doublet SU(5) model. Bars have been suppressed in certain
representation for the compactness of presentation}
\label{split}
\end{table}

Given the masses and the transformation properties in Table\ref{split},
it is straightforward to calculate the change in the prediction of
$\alpha_s(M_Z)$. Indeed such a calculation have been performed in
Ref.\cite{bagger} in which they have carefully taken into account both
the heavy and the light threshold effects. They conclude that a large
negative correction to $\alpha_s$ comes in the missing doublet model due
to the splitting in the $75$ Higgs. The value of $\alpha_s=0.112$ is
achievable (taking into account a lower bound on a combination of
$M_{D_1}$ and $M_{D_2}$ from proton decay) with the s-particle masses
around the electroweak scale. For further details the reader is referred
to their papers.

\section{Intermediate scale in supersymmetric SO(10)}

There is a general understanding in the literature that the LEP measurements
of the gauge couplings at the scale $M_Z$ is a hint to a one step unified
theory. There are however several physical arguments based on neutrino
physics \cite{hdm,numass} as well as strong CP problem \cite{kim} suggesting
that there may
be an intermediate scale corresponding to a gauged (local) B-L symmetry
breaking somewhere around $10^{11}$ to $10^{12}$ GeV. However, such a scale
must not affect the gauge unification constraints. To examine this, let
us write down the RGE of the three couplings
relating them to the gauge coupling at
the unification scale $M_U$ to the ones at
the weak scale $M_Z$ and introducing a general intermediate scale $M_I$, as,
\begin{eqnarray}
2 \pi \alpha_1^{-1}(M_Z)&=& 2 \pi \alpha_U^{-1}(M_U) + b_1 \ln{M_I \over M_Z} + b_1
^\prime {M_U \over M_I}, \nonumber\\
2 \pi \alpha_2^{-1}(M_Z)&=& 2 \pi \alpha_U^{-1}(M_U) + b_2 \ln{M_I \over M_Z} +
b_2^\prime {M_U \over M_I}, \nonumber\\
2 \pi \alpha_s^{-1}(M_Z)&=& 2 \pi \alpha_U^{-1}(M_U) + b_s \ln{M_I \over M_Z}
+b_s^\prime {M_U \over M_I}. \label{rgint}
\end{eqnarray}
At first, we notice that the one-loop beta function coefficients $b_i$ in
MSSM
for the groups SU(3), SU(2) and U(1) are -3, 1 and 33/5 respectively.
Presently we are interested in the beta function coefficients
$b_i^\prime$ governing the slopes in the region between $M_I$ and $M_U$.
So, by taking a vector orthogonal to \\(-3,1,33/5) and {(1,1,1)} we
construct a second combination $c_1$ in which $b_i$'s get eliminated but
$b_i^\prime$ s survive, namely,
\begin{equation}
c_1=2 \pi (7 \alpha_s^{-1} - 12 \alpha_2^{-1} + 5 \alpha_1^{-1}). \label{c2}
\end{equation}
We combine, Eqn.(\ref{rgint}) and Eqn.(\ref{c2}) to get,
\begin{equation}
c_1=(7 b_s -12 b_2 + 5 b_1) \ln {M_I \over M_Z} +
(7 b_s^{\prime} -12 b_2^\prime +5 b_1^\prime) \ln {M_U \over M_I}
\label{c2cond}.
\end{equation}
Due to the orthogonality in the construction of
$c_1$ the coefficient of $\ln (M_I / M_Z)$
vanishes and we are left with,
\begin{equation}
c_1=(7 b_s^\prime -12 b_2^\prime +5 b_1^\prime)
\ln {M_U \over M_I} \label{c2b}.
\end{equation}
Moreover, if we assume that the values of $\alpha_1$, $\alpha_2$ and
$\alpha_s$ are such that an one-step unification is possible with
MSSM and a big desert - we get a condition from Eqn.(\ref{c2cond}) in the
limit $M_U=M_I$, which is,
\begin{equation}
c_1=0. \label{c20}
\end{equation}
Combining, Eqn.(\ref{c20}) and Eqn.(\ref{c2b}), we get,
\begin{equation}
(7 b_s^\prime -12 b_2^\prime +5 b_1^\prime)
\ln {M_U \over M_I} =0
\label{c2c}.
\end{equation}
We note the two solutions of Eqn.(\ref{c2c}).

\noindent (a) $M_U=M_I$ which leads us back to the one-step unification.

\noindent (b) Due to the presence of new fields above the scale $M_I$, the
beta function coefficients $b_i^\prime$ conspire among themselves to
produce\cite{sato},
\begin{equation}
7 b_s^\prime -12 b_2^\prime +5 b_1^\prime=0.
\label{cond}
\end{equation}
One can restrict the type of Higgs representations above the intermediate
scale $M_I$ by requiring that the supersymmetric SO(10) GUT emerges from an
underlying
superstring theory. If we restrict ourselves to only those Higgs scalars
which can arise from simple superstring models with Kac-Moody levels one
or two, we can have a restricted number of solutions of Eqn.(\ref{cond}).
We will consider an intermediate symmetry group ${G_I=U_{B-L}\times SU(2)_L
\times SU(2)_R \times SU(3)_C}$. The solutions can be characterized by three
integers ($n_C,n_H,n_X$), where $n_C$ refers to the number of
(0,1,1,8), $n_H$ means the number of (0,2,2,1)
fields and $n_X$ means the number of {(1,1,2,1)+(-1,1,2,1)} fields under
the intermediate symmetry gauge group $G_I$. The various
scenarios\cite{leemoh,we} are tabulated in Table\ref{table2}.
\begin{table}[htb]
\begin{center}
\[
\begin{array}{|c||c||c||c||c||c||c||c|}
\hline
model&I &II & III& IV&V&VI&VII\\
\hline
(n_C,n_H,n_X)&(0,1,2)&(0,1,3) &(0,1,4) &(0,2,3) &(0,2,4)&(0,2,5)&(1,2,4)  \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]
\end{center}
\caption{The various models which satisfy the condition in Eqn.~15
approximately.} \label{table2}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\epsfxsize=8.5cm
\epsfysize=8.5cm
\mbox{\hskip -1.0in}\epsfbox{lee.eps}
\caption{ The predictions of $\alpha_s$ are displayed as constant $\alpha_s$
contours for the various models given in Table 2.\label{fig3}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The predictions of $\alpha_s$ for different models \cite{leemoh,we} have been
plotted in Figure \ref{fig3}. We notice from Figure \ref{fig3} that the
models VI and VII
are particularly interesting for the value of $\alpha_s$ in the range of
0.11. A comment is in order. The
value of the intermediate scale ($M_I$) is a new parameter. But we notice
that even this new parameter is quite constrained by the the LEP measurements
of the couplings at the scale $M_Z$. Moreover, only three out of the seven
intermediate scale models in Table\ref{table2} will survive if
the value of $\alpha_s(M_Z)$ turns to be 0.112.

There is another interesting aspect of such intermediate scale SO(10)
GUTs. We see that the requirement of unification forces us to introduce
new scalar fields above the scale of $B-L$ symmetry breaking. These new
scalars will also affect the evolution of Yukawa couplings above the
intermediate symmetry breaking scale. The evolution of various Yukawa
couplings have been calculated in Ref \cite{we}. The results are
tabulated in Table\ref{table3} and Table\ref{table4}.

\begin{table}[htb]
\begin{center}
\[
\begin{array}{|c||c||c||c||c||c||c||c||c|}
\hline
Y_1&Y_2&h_t(M_t)&h_b(M_t)&h_\tau(M_t)&
tan\beta&m_b(M_t)&m_t(M_t)&{m_b(M_t) \over m_\tau(M_t)}\\
\hline
1&1         &1.010&0.96&0.62&60.43&2.77&176.83& 1.56 \\
1&10^{-1}   &1.060&0.84&0.52&51.26&2.85&184.46&1.60  \\
1&10^{-2}   &1.094&0.460&0.270&26.7&3.01&190.34&1.69  \\
1&10^{-3}   &1.103&0.160&0.095&9.25&3.06&190.90&1.72  \\
1&10^{-4}   &1.104&0.054&0.030&2.80&3.07&181.03&1.73  \\
1&{1 \over 2}10^{-4}   &1.104&0.037&0.021&1.85&3.08&169.16&1.73 \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]
\end{center}
\caption{The values of $h_t(M_t)$, $h_b(M_t)$, $h_\tau(M_t)$ and
calculated by RGE for
$\alpha_s=0.11$ in model VI. The prediction of the
masses $m_b$ and $m_t$ at the scale
$M_t$ has been quoted in GeV. $M_t$ is defined as 170 GeV. $tan \beta$
has been calculated assuming $m_\tau(M_Z)=1.777$ GeV.} \label{table3}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[htb]
\begin{center}
\[
\begin{array}{|c||c||c||c||c||c||c||c||c|}
\hline
Y_1&Y_2&h_t(M_t)&h_b(M_t)&h_\tau(M_t)&
tan\beta&m_b(M_t)&m_t(M_t)&{m_b(M_t) \over m_\tau(M_t)}\\
\hline
1&1         &0.99&0.960&0.59 &57.81   &2.87&173.90&1.61 \\
1&10^{-1}   &1.05&0.830&0.50 &48.78   &2.97&182.65&1.67  \\
1&10^{-2}   &1.09&0.460&0.26 &25.41   &3.17&189.11&1.78  \\
1&10^{-3}   &1.10&0.160&0.09 &8.81    &3.23&189.69&1.82  \\
1&10^{-4}   &1.10&0.052&0.023 &2.65   &3.24&178.80&1.82  \\
1&{1 \over 2}10^{-4}   &1.104&0.037&0.020&1.74&3.24&165.70&1.82 \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]
\end{center}
\caption{The values of $h_t(M_t)$, $h_b(M_t)$, $h_\tau(M_t)$ and
calculated by RGE for $\alpha_s=0.11$ in model VII. The
prediction of the masses $m_b$ and $m_t$
at the scale $M_t$ has been quoted in GeV. $M_t$ is
defined as 170 GeV. $tan \beta$ has been calculated assuming
$m_\tau(M_Z)=1.777$ GeV.} \label{table4}
\end{table}

It is widely known that in SUSY GUTs with one step breaking predict a
large value of $m_b$ for the major part of the parameter space \cite{barg}.
The study of b-$\tau$ unification including a right handed neutrino has also
been performed \cite{fv}. However, in this study no new
gauge interactions beyond the intermediate scale was considered
and due to renormalization effects of the new Yukawa coupling,
a 10-15\% increase in the mass of the b-quark was obtained. However one
sees that the inclusion of the new left-right symmetric gauge and Higgs
interactions at $M_{B-L}$ surviving from a string inspired  SO(10) GUT, and
constrained by Eqn.(\ref{cond}), the running of the b-quark Yukawa coupling
is altered and as a result an attractive reconciliation with the
experimental measurements \footnote{ Taking $m_b(m_b)$ in the range
4.1 to 4.5 GeV and $m_\tau(m_\tau)$ to be 1.777 GeV \cite{pdg}, one
typically gets ${m_b(M_t) \over m_\tau(M_t)}$ in the range 1.7 to 1.9 \cite{
barg, fv}.} can be achieved.

\section{Mini doublet-triplet splitting}

In this section we will explore a possible reverse doublet-triplet
splitting \cite{marbr}
which will have an effect opposite to the conventional doublet-triplet
splitting on the prediction of $\alpha_s$.  Such a strange reverse
doublet-triplet splitting is indeed possible in a SO(10) model when
there is a mechanism to strongly suppress the Higgsino mediated proton
decay \cite{babr} as will be displayed below.

We consider the prediction of $\alpha_s$
including the threshold effects in SUSY SU(5), which is well-studied
in the literature \cite{barhall,yamada,hisano,mar,bagger}. Throughout
this section we will assume that including the threshold corrections,
the minimal SUSY SU(5) GUT predicts $\alpha_s=0.126$ \cite{bagger}; we
will also assume that the mass of the color triplet Higgs scalars in a
minimal SU(5) GUT is $10^{16.6}$ GeV \cite{mar}. In particular the
prediction of $ \alpha_s$ in the minimal SUSY SU(5) can be written as,

\begin{equation}
\alpha^{-1}_s(M_Z)={1 \over 2} ~[3 \alpha^{-1}_2(M_Z)-\alpha^{-1}_1(M_Z)]
- { 3 \over 5 \pi} \ln[{M_3 \over M_2}] + T_L \label{a3su5},
\end{equation}

Where, $M_3$ and $M_2$ are the masses of the triplet and the doublet
Higgs scalars present in the $5$ and $\overline{5}$ representations of
SU(5), and $T_L$ parametrizes the contribution from all other light
degrees of freedom (excluding the light Higgs doublets) \cite{hisano},
and in a simple step function approximation\footnote{ $M_{SUSY}$ can
be considered in the simplest approach as a common susy breaking
scale, or as an effective susy mass parameter \cite{lang} resuming the
effect of the detailed susy spectrum, and in this sense it can be
either more or less than $M_Z$ depending on the super-partner masses.}
$T_L= {1 \over 2 \pi}
\ln {M_{SUSY} \over M_Z}$. In the minimal model the triplet-mass,
which is bounded from below from the non-observation of proton decay,
remains at the GUT scale. On the contrary the mass of the doublet is
of the order of the electroweak scale. In such a generic situation,
that is, whenever $M_3>M_2$ the doublet-triplet splitting increases
the prediction of $\alpha_s$. However, notice the hypothetical
possibility, that if the mass of the doublet were more than the mass
of the triplet, we would have had a reverse effect on $\alpha_s$.
Keeping this in mind we add one more $5+\overline{5}$ Higgs scalars
with doublet and triplet masses as $M^\prime_2$ and $M^\prime_3$ GeV
respectively. In that case the Eqn.(\ref{a3su5}) gets modified to,
\begin{equation}
{\alpha^\prime}^{-1}_s(M_Z)={1 \over 2} ~[3
\alpha^{-1}_2(M_Z)-\alpha^{-1}_1(M_Z)] - { 3 \over 5
\pi}
\ln[{M_3 M^\prime_3
\over M_2 M^\prime_2}] + T_L \label{a3}.
\end{equation}
Taking the difference of Eqn.(\ref{a3su5}) and Eqn.(\ref{a3}) and
assuming,
\begin{equation}
M_3=10^{16.6}~;~M_2=10^2~;~M^\prime_3=10^x~;~M^\prime_2=10^y,
\end{equation}
we get,
\begin{equation}
\Delta \alpha^{-1}_s={\alpha^\prime}^{-1}_s(M_Z)-\alpha^{-1}_s(M_Z)
={3 \over 5 \pi} (y-x)
\ln 10. \label{diff}
\end{equation}
It is easy to check from Eqn.(\ref{diff}) that taking $y-x=2.26$ we
can get $\Delta \alpha^{-1}_s =0.99$ and consequently $\alpha_s$
decreases by 11\%, from 0.126 to 0.112.  Instead if we add n extra
pairs of $5+\overline{5}$ the required splitting in each SU(5)
multiplet is only 2.26/n orders of magnitude.

We can give an example of incorporating this mechanism in a realistic
SUSY SO(10) GUT. The main problem to lower the mass of the color
triplet Higgs Scalars comes out of the stringent experimental upper
bounds imposed on the amplitude of the Higgsino mediated proton decay
diagrams. Babu and Barr \cite{babr} have shown that it is possible to
suppress the Higgsino mediated proton decay strongly in an SO(10)
model by a judicious choice of the fields, couplings and VEVs at the
GUT scale. Consider the SO(10) invariant superpotential
\cite{babr}
\begin{equation}
W= \lambda 10_{1H} 45_H 10_{2H}+\lambda^\prime 10_{2H} 45^\prime_H
10_{3H}+M 10_{3H} 10_{3H}+ \sum^{3}_{i,j=1} f_{ij} 16_i 16_j 10_{1H}.
\end{equation}
If $45$ and $45^\prime$ get VEVs in the directions \cite{dw,babr}
\begin{equation}
\langle 45\rangle =  \eta \otimes diag(a,a,a,0,0)~~;~~
\langle 45^\prime \rangle  =  \eta \otimes diag(0,0,0,b,b)~~;~~
\eta  \equiv  \pmatrix{0&1 \cr -1&0},
\end{equation}
the super-heavy mass matrices of the doublets and the triplets are of
the form,
\begin{equation}
\pmatrix{\overline{2}_1& \overline{2}_2 & \overline{2}_3}
\pmatrix{0&0&0\cr0&0&\lambda^\prime b\cr0&-\lambda^\prime b &M}
\pmatrix{2_1 \cr 2_2 \cr 2_3}
{}~~{\rm and}~~
\pmatrix{\overline{3}_1& \overline{3}_2 & \overline{3}_3}
\pmatrix{0& \lambda a&0\cr -\lambda a &0& 0 \cr 0& 0 &M }
\pmatrix{3_1 \cr 3_2 \cr 3_3}.
\end{equation}
The absence of any direct coupling between $\overline{3}_1$ and $3_1$
suppresses the Higgsino mediated proton decay. The absolute values of
the masses for the doublets ($M_D$) and the triplets ($M_T$) are given
by\footnote{ When supersymmetry is broken the masses receive
correction of the order of $m_{3/2}$.}, \begin{equation} M_D=(0,{M \pm
\sqrt{M^2-{\lambda^\prime}^2b^2} \over 2})~~;~~ M_T=(\lambda a,\lambda
a,M).
\end{equation}
There can be various choices of parameter space leading to the
required lowering in the prediction of $\alpha_s$ [see
Eqn.(\ref{diff})]. The simplest choice is, $ M^2={\lambda^\prime}^2
b^2.  $ In this case the masses are,
\begin{equation}
M_D=(0,M/2,M/2) ~~{\rm and}~~ M_T=(\lambda a, \lambda a, M).
\end{equation}
We notice that, in this model one pair of doublet-triplet is almost
degenerate.  Now, using the fact that in minimal SUSY SU(5) the mass
of the color triplet is $10^{16.6}$ GeV and using,
\begin{equation}
\lambda a = 10^x~~,~~M=10^y,
\end{equation}
we get,
\begin{equation}
\Delta \alpha^{-1}_s={3 \over 5 \pi}[(16.6-x)+(y-x)-{\ln 4 \over \ln 10}]
\ln 10 . \label{dsso10}
\end{equation}
We can achieve the desired suppression of $\alpha_s$ if for example
$x=15.2$ and $y=16.6$. We expect that such a splitting is not
difficult to achieve given the number of parameters in the SO(10)
invariant superpotential. The threshold effects due to heavy SO(10) gauge
bosons have been discussed in Ref \cite{marbr}.

\section{Conclusion}

To summarize, we have discussed various ways to reconcile a possible
low value of $\alpha_s$ with the idea that all gauge couplings eventually
unify . They all indicate new physics beyond the canonical minimal
single SUSY GUT scenarios and point towards models with intermediate
scales\cite{we,martin} or new Higgs fields at the GUT scale\cite{marbr}
or perhaps even non-GUT type physics\cite{rs}. Any realistic model
building in the SUSY GUT framework must therefore respect either one
of these scenarios. There are of course other suggestions to change
the predictions of $\alpha_s$ by including gravitational effects at the
GUT scale\cite{utpal,nath} provided these effects are assumed to occur
with an enhanced strength, a possibility which may not be so natural
in many theories (although one cannot be completely sure about
the strength of the gravitational effects at this stage of our knowledge).

\section{Acknowledgements}

B.B would like to thank Mar Bastero-Gil for a number of discussions and
computational help.

\newpage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Economic & Social History/French
UCAS Code: RV13
Master of Arts (with Honours) - MA (Hons)
A levelAccess to HE DiplomaInternational Baccalaureate Diploma ProgrammePearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma (first teaching from September 2016)Scottish HigherUCAS Tariff
A-levelAccess to HE DiplomaInternational Baccalaureate Diploma ProgrammePearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma (first teaching from September 2016)Scottish HigherUCAS Tariff
Must include at least one Arts/Humanities subject.
Acceptable in appropriate subject area. Must pass at least two thirds of modules with merit grade.
3 HL subjects at 6,6,5 including English AND a Humanities/Language subject. Whilst HL6 is preferred for English and Humanities/Language subjects, SL6 will be considered for ONE of the subjects.
Acceptable in appropriate subject area.
A,B,B,B-A,A,A,A,A,B
Must include English plus one further Arts/Humanities subject.
**ECONOMIC & SOCIAL HISTORY**: - Economic and social history is the study of the way societies change in their economic activities and social organisation. It is concerned with how people in the past lived and worked, and how this has affected the development of today's world. It is possible to do this degree together with a language, including a year abroad. **FRENCH**: - French involves the study of a key European and international language as well as the cultures it has influenced across the world. As part of your French degree you can choose to focus on a whole range of topics including French comics, French song, travel writing, medieval France and contemporary French history.
for the whole course
Gilmorehill (Main) Campus
Study in Glasgow
Explore Glasgow
HistoryFrench studies
Customer service occupations
History is a very popular subject (although numbers have fallen of late) — in 2015, over 10,000 UK students graduated in a history-related course. Obviously, there aren't 11,000 jobs as historians available every year, but history is a good, flexible degree that allows graduates to go into a wide range of different jobs, and consequently history graduates have an unemployment rate comparable to the national graduate average. Many — probably most — jobs for graduates don't ask for a particular degree to go into them and history graduates are well set to take advantage. That's why so many go into jobs in the finance industry, human resources, marketing, PR and events management, as well as the more obvious roles in education, welfare and the arts. Around one in five history graduates went into further study last year. History and teaching were the most popular further study subjects for history graduates, but law, journalism, and politics were also popular postgraduate courses.
Economic historyFrench studies
What's it like studying a degree in History
French/History of Art
French and History of Art
Scottish Historical Studies with French
Central & East European Studies/Economic and Social History (SocSci)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Usay Panay Ki Chah is Romantic and beautiful Urdu Novel Written by Ana Ilyas. It has a University life of a boy from sound family who got infamous due to some mishap. After a lot of efforts from one of his friend, got his identity back and proven to be Guiltless.
Ana Ilyas is one of the famous Urdu Writer from Pakistan who has been writing for a long time. She has written number of famous novels and proven her writing skills with her unique topics and writing style. Here we are presenting most famous Novel Usay Panay Ki Chah in complete for readers to read online and Download as PDF.


Shoes Timelapse taken on a PCT thru-hike.
This documentary takes you an a journey down one of the longest un-dammed rivers in North America. Catch it on Netflix for free!
I'm using this as inspiration for an upcoming Kayak Trip that I'd like to do, I still haven't picked a route yet but I want to be out there for seven days straight on an unsupported route.


Abstract In this paper, an optimization method based on adaptive dynamic programming is developed to improve the electricity consumption of rooms in office buildings through optimal battery management. Rooms in office buildings are generally divided into office rooms, computer rooms, storage rooms, meeting rooms, etc., and each category of rooms have different characteristics of electricity consumption, which is divided into electricity consumption from sockets, lights and air-conditioners in this paper. The developed method based on action-dependent heuristic dynamic programming is explained in detail, and different optimization strategies of electricity consumption in different categories of rooms are proposed in accordance with the developed method. Finally, a detailed case study on an office building is given to demonstrate the practical effect of the developed method.
GB/T 7714 Shi, Guang,Wei, Qinglai,Liu, Derong. Optimization of electricity consumption in office buildings based on adaptive dynamic programming[J]. SOFT COMPUTING,2017,21(21):6369-6379.
APA Shi, Guang,Wei, Qinglai,&Liu, Derong.(2017).Optimization of electricity consumption in office buildings based on adaptive dynamic programming.SOFT COMPUTING,21(21),6369-6379.
MLA Shi, Guang,et al."Optimization of electricity consumption in office buildings based on adaptive dynamic programming".SOFT COMPUTING 21.21(2017):6369-6379.


text:
Livestock Producers Can Apply for Business Interruption Grants
Illinois livestock producers and small meat and poultry plants impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are eligible to receive business interruption grants. Applications are available through October 31. Apply here.
Where to Watch Round Two of the Madigan Special Investigating Committee Today
The House Special Investigating Committee looking into an alleged ComEd bribery scheme involving Speaker Michael Madigan will meet today at 2 p.m. in Springfield to consider testimony by ComEd's top…
Utility Disconnection Moratorium Extended
This week, the Illinois Commerce Commission announced the moratorium on disconnections has voluntarily been extended by several state regulated utilities through the Winter 2021 for eligible low-income residential customers, and…
DCEO Offers Webinar to Help Businesses Apply for BIG Grants
From the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity: Join the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity, Illinois Business Immigration Coalition, The Resurrection Project, Greater Auburn Gresham CDC, Chicago…
POW-MIA Remembrance Day: Our Heroes Are Never Forgotten
Today we remember and honor our nation's heroes who were held captive as prisoners of war and those who remain missing. You are not forgotten.
We remember. And we honor those who lost their lives.
COVID contact tracing scams reported in Illinois – be alert
Be alert for COVID contact tracing scams making the rounds in Illinois. Legitimate contact tracers will not ask for your Social Security number, and contact tracing does not require an…
Session Review 2020
Coronavirus Dominates Spring Session Illinois was one of the first states in the nation to report a confirmed coronavirus case, back in January, and Illinois was also among the first…
Remembering "Big Jim" Thompson
This week Illinois says goodbye to its 37th Governor, the history-making James R. Thompson. Illinois' longest-serving governor, Thompson passed away Friday at the age of 84. Governor Thompson left a…


Tom Jackson teamed up with Raymond Floyd to create this 27-hole masterpiece. The three nines - Lakes, Waterway and Cypress - are located along the scenic Intracoastal Waterway and hardwood wetlands. The layout features varied elevations, Bermuda fairways, and bent grass greens. Voted South Carolina's Golf Course of the Year in 1998. Features three distinct nine hole layouts - the Cypress, the Waterway and the Lakes - each with their own character and challenges. Rate includes yardage books and range balls for warm-up.
Arrowhead Country Club has afternoon and midweek specials with discounted rates. Arrowhead offers a FREE 9-hole replay in season.
Take Hwy 17 north to Hwy 9 west. Exit Hwy 9 onto Hwy 31 toward Myrtle Beach. Continue on Hwy 31 until you reach Hwy 501. Exit onto 501 (stay on the frontage road) to Myrtle Beach. Turn right onto Burcale Road. Arrowhead Country Club is on the left on Burcale Road.


text:
Overview May 30, 2017
Video November 10, 2017 Harvard University
Dr. Helene Langevin: The Science of Stretch
Conversations That Matter
Stuart McNish interviewed Dr. Helene Langevin on Conversations That Matter to learn more about the science of stretch, and connective tissue, or fascia, as it's also known.
Video May 23, 2017 University of California, San Francisco
The American Diet Gone Bad: Refined Grains
Optimizing Wellbeing in Older Age
Dr. Robert Baron, UCSF Professor of Medicine, highlights the importance of switching to a whole grain diet. The healthiest diet limit sugars, refined grains, and large amounts of saturated and trans fat. He advises to eat fruits and vegetables, healthy oils, whole grains, legumes and nuts.
Video May 3, 2017 Harvard University
Mind Body Medicine -Emerging Science and Economics
Presenter: Darshan Mehta, MD, MPH
Dr. Darshan Mehta, Associate Education Director for the Osher Center and Medical Director for the Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine recently gave a presentation as part of the Vermont University Laura Mann Integrative Health Lecture Series. His presentation explores the interface between the science and economics of mind body medicine.
Video April 24, 2017 University of California, San Francisco
Toxic Plants, Fungi, and Herbal Supplements
Staying Healthy in a Toxic Environment: Poisonings, Overdoses, and Toxic Exposures
Substances that might seem innocent can be toxic. Dr. Kent Olson is the Medical Director of the San Francisco Poison Control System. He helps us understand when plants and fungi can be toxic and how to avoid misbegotten uses of herbal medications.
Pain and Opioid Management in Veterans in Primary Care
Evidence, Lessons Learned, and Future Directions in the Use of Collaborative and Integrated Care Approaches
Karen Seal, MD, MPH is a professor of medicine and psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco. She is based at the San Francisco VA Health Care System (SFVAHCS), where she is director of the Integrated Care Clinic for Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans and director of the Integrated Pain Team (IPT) Clinic.
Video February 28, 2017 Harvard University
Drs. Langevin and Wayne panel discussion "Minding the Gaps in Medical Research"
Presenters: Helene Langevin, MD and Peter Wayne, PhD
A "side effect" of medical specialization and scientific reductionism is that our understanding of cross-system connections in human health and disease is remarkably limited. This affects the ability of medicine to care for the whole patient. Research at the Osher Center draws on systems biology frameworks from both modern science and non-conventional healing traditions to inform a more integrated model of health and health care.
Video December 6, 2016 Harvard University
Headache Management, Osher Clinical Center
Integrative Medicine Grand Rounds
Presenters: Carolyn Bernstein, MD, Donald Levy, MD, Meghan Searl, PhD, Meredith Beaton Starr, Matthew Kowalski, DC
The Osher Clinical Center for Integrative Medicine presented a clinical case on 'Integrated and Integrative Headache Management'
Click to watch full video.
Integrative Medicine Network Forum – Alessio Fasano, Keynote
Dr. Alessio Fasano, from MGH, gave a well received keynote presentation at the IM Network Forum, 2016. His talk focused on the microbiome and intestinal permeability and their relevance to integrative medicine research and patient care.
Integrative Medicine Network Forum, Morning Session
Introduction and Welcome by Drs. Helene Langevin and Peter Wayne, Osher Center
Keynote presentation by Dr. Alessio Fasano, MGH
Clinical Panel Discussion and Audience Q&A, moderated by Dr. Darshan Mehta, Osher Center/MGH
Panelists include Drs. Alessio Fasano (MGH), Ather Ali, (Yale School of Medicine), Anthony Lembo (BIDMC) and Donald Levy (Osher Center)
Video November 1, 2016 Harvard University
Clinical Case Presentation: Integrative Nursing: An Ever-Evolving Caring Science
Presenting Institution: Integrative Nursing Program, Dana Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI)
Integrative Medicine Grand Grounds
Video October 4, 2016 Harvard University
Gastrointestinal Distress: One patient's ongoing journey
Integrative Medicine Grand Rounds, Osher Clinical Center
Presenters: Donald Levy, MD; Walter Chan, MD; Randall Paulsen, MD
Click here to watch full video.
Video September 13, 2016 Harvard University
Exercising your body and mind: Tai Chi for enhancing motor and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease
Peter Wayne, PhD presents his work on Tai Chi and Parkinson's disease at the Davis Phinney Foundation's Victory Summit, 2015.
Video August 2, 2016 Harvard University
Zakim Center, Reiki Therapy
Colleagues from the Zakim Center for Integrative Therapies, at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute gave a very well received clinical presentation on Reiki Therapy.
Presenters: Patricia Arcari, PhD, RN, AHN-BC; Libby Barnett, MSW; Kathy Guimond, BSN, RN, CCRN; Bambi P. Mathay, LMT, NCTMB, RMT; Judith Frazier, RN, BA, M.Ed.
Video June 8, 2016 University of California, San Francisco
The Atlas of Emotions: Designing Emotional Awareness
UCSF Psychiatry Professor Emeritus Paul Ekman, PhD, and UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine Fellow Eve Ekman, PhD, discuss their recent work creating the Atlas of Emotions, an online tool to help convey the spectrum of emotion visually, at the UCSF Department of Psychiatry Grand Rounds. The atlas was inspired by a series of conversations between the Dalai Lama and Paul Ekman.
Video June 7, 2016 Harvard University
Nutritional Health Coaching in an Integrative Setting
Treating the Whole Patient
Presenters: Caitlin Hosmer-Kirby, MS, RD, Kathy McManus, MS, RD, LDN, Donald Levy, MD
This is Your Brain on Meditation: How Meditation Impacts the Brain and Implications for Health
How does mindfulness and meditation improve health? Helen Weng, UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, explains that training our internal mental lives can have positive effects on our minds, health, and relationships.
Recorded as part of the series Integrative Medicine and Mindfulness: From the Monastery to Modern Medical Practice.
What Do We Really Know About Meditation and Health?
Does the science live up to the hype? Dr. Rck Hecht, the director of research at the UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine looks at the effects of meditation on health and behavior.
Calmare Therapy – an integrative pain treatment: what is it, and does it help?
Presenters: Ezra Cohen, MD, Yvonne Lee, MD, MMSc., Darshan Mehta, MD, MPH, Helene Langevin, MD
Stretching, Connective Tissue, Chronic Pain, and Cancer
Dr. Helene Langevin visits UCSF, presenting on the importance of connective tissue in the body and its link to the immune system. She talks about recent findings on the effects of stretching on inflammation and fibrosis and the the relevance of these findings to chronic pain and cancer. Dr. Langevin is the director of the Osher Center for Integrative Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital.
Video March 1, 2016 Harvard University
Berklee College of Music, Integrative Health through Music Therapy
Presenter: Dr. Suzanne Hanser, Chair of the Music Therapy Department at Berklee College of Music. She is joined by discussant, Dr. Robert Saper, Founder and director of the Boston Medical Center Program for Integrative Medicine and Health Disparities.


text:
Deutsch (Deutschland) English (Australia) English (Canada) English (United Kingdom) English (Hong Kong SAR China) English (India) English (Singapore) English (United States) español (España) español (México) français (Canada) français (France) italiano (Italia) 日本語 (日本) 한국어(대한민국) português (Brasil) русский (Россия) 中文 (简体,中国) 中文 (繁體,台灣)
Clear | Search Tips
Why Trellix? Products Research Support Partners Resources
Why Trellix?
Why Trellix? About Us Industry Recognitions Leadership Corporate Social Responsibility Careers Contact Us
vs Crowdstrike vs SentinelOne
Trellix XDR Endpoint Security SecOps and Analytics Data Security Network Detection and Response Threat Intelligence Email Security Cloud Security View All Products
Advanced Research Center Adversarial & Vulnerability Research Reports
Product Support Downloads Product Documentation
Detection Dispute Form Submit a Sample
Support Portal Customer Success Plans
Partners Overview Solution Providers Security Innovation Alliance OEM & Embedded Alliances
Training and Education Consulting Services Webinars Events Resource Library
Press Releases Stories View Newsroom
Marketplace Developer Portal Trellix Login Trellix Free Trial
What is XDR? What is Endpoint Security? What is EDR? What is MITRE? What is Ransomware? View All Topics
Trellix Xpand Recap
Our CEO on Living Security
Trellix CEO, Bryan Palma, explains the critical need for security that's always learning.
Gartner® Report: Market Guide for XDR
As per Gartner, "XDR is an emerging technology that can offer improved threat prevention, detection and response."
Trellix Launches Advanced Research Center
Trellix announced the establishment of the Trellix Advanced Research Center to advance global threat intelligence.
Latest Report
Trellix Advanced Research Center analyzes Q3 2022 threat data on ransomware, nation-states, sectors, vectors, LotL, MITRE ATT&CK techniques, and emails.
The latest cybersecurity trends, best practices,
security vulnerabilities, and more
Your submission failed, Please try again later.
Trellix Survey Findings: A Closer Look at the Cyber Talent Gap
By Trellix · June 1, 2022
The shortage of cybersecurity professionals puts governments and critical infrastructure and nation's national security at risk. While this issue has always been a problem, it has grown in prominence given the awareness that nation-state actors have designs to exploit and even harm their citizens, institutions and communities. Solving this problem requires us to not only invest in the talented professionals already within the field, but also recruit and develop talented individuals from underrepresented demographic groups and those in other fields whose talents are transferrable to cybersecurity.
The results of a survey commissioned and release by Trellix this week shows 85% of respondents believe the workforce shortage is impacting their organization's abilities to secure increasingly complex information systems and networks, while almost a third (30%) of the current workforce plans to change professions in the future.
Research firm Vanson Bourne surveyed 1,000 cybersecurity professionals in Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India, Japan, the U.K and the U.S. across a variety of sectors. It gauged the demographics of those in the cybersecurity field, their motivators and frustration in the field, the career development pathways, and ideas for expanding the ranks of the workforce to include those with non-traditional career pathways.
There are frustrations for many of those currently working within cybersecurity. More could also be done to encourage more individuals into cybersecurity, including greater diversity in recruitment in a predominantly white or Caucasian field, and improved support and awareness of cybersecurity careers during education.
On the upside, cybersecurity has not always been the first port of call in respondents' careers, a significant number of professionals have found success in the field through unorthodox career paths and a commitment to self-educating and learning on the job. Perhaps most encouraging, it's a career path which is widely found to be soulful, or purposeful and motivating.
Trellix believes these findings suggest opportunities to expand the ranks of cybersecurity professionals.
Journeys to cybersecurity: How did they get there?
Academic background. Surveyed cybersecurity professionals tend to be relatively well-educated, with all having at least one academic qualification or certification, and most having attained a high school diploma or equivalent. A similar proportion report going as far as achieving a Bachelor's/undergraduate degree or equivalent, demonstrating how those within the field felt (at least at the time), that attaining further education was of value ahead of their professional career.
Which of the following academic qualifications/certifications have you attained to date? [1000]
Vocational qualifications. Respondents are also likely to hold qualifications in a vocational context. Most have reported having one or more qualifications which are work related and designed to give them relevant knowledge and skills required to perform their job, career, or profession. More than half surveyed are most likely to be taught on the job and self-taught alongside their vocational qualifications too. Knowledge from vocational qualifications can be used to add context to training and guidance from employers, so it makes sense respondents are more likely doing both, especially given cybersecurity is an ever-evolving field.
While consumers on their own have limited ways to defend from nation-state and advanced cyber actors, using two-factor authentication and completing software updates on devices as soon as possible are important measures to take. Every connected device introduced into our homes increases the attack surface of our towns, cities and countries.
Which of the following best describes your vocational qualifications/certifications to date? [1000]
Of those with vocational qualifications, almost half report attaining the Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) – centered on information security management, risk management and compliance, and security incident management. Given this qualification gives employees opportunity to advance their knowledge in information security, it makes sense this is a qualification respondents are most likely to pursue. The same can be said for certifications relating to information systems and cloud security, demonstrating the relevance of these certifications in the context of cybersecurity professionals' day to day roles
Yet, despite this focus on qualifications and certifications, and despite respondents' academic and vocational backgrounds, more than half report people not needing university degrees to have a successful career in cybersecurity.
Which of the following best describes your vocational qualifications/certifications to date? [830], based on those with your vocational qualifications/certifications
To what extent do you agree or disagree with following statements? [1000]
Learning on the go. If employees learn to adopt the soft skills most useful to a cybersecurity role, they have a good chance of adapting well and making progress within their career. Teamwork and critical thinking/problem solving were reported by at least half of respondents in terms of skills most useful to them in their role. With the vast majority also believing that skills required for cybersecurity-related roles such as critical thinking don't need to be instinctive, and can in fact be learned and developed over time, this leaves assurances that employees entering a cybersecurity profession can develop them over time.
Which of the following soft skills do you believe are most useful to you in a cybersecurity role? [1000], omitting an answer option
To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements [1000]
Experiences within cybersecurity professions
Surveyed respondents are more likely to have only ever worked within cybersecurity, with more than half reporting this to be the case. Despite this however, there is still fair representation in terms of those that have worked in professions other than cybersecurity.
Given the spectrum of job paths within cybersecurity alone, some employees have taken on a "learning on the job" opportunity and others may not, and such career choices are likely to have been shaped by their past experiences and professions.
Since your working career began, have you worked in any other career/occupation other than cybersecurity? [1000], omitting an answer option
Representation from other careers and professions. Information technology (IT), computer science, or software development is the likely profession respondents have held before cybersecurity. Around six in ten do also report working across professions in the past other than IT, computer science, or software development–some of which are notably different from cybersecurity. This perhaps shows how the cybersecurity field can be flexible and fluid in terms of attaining employees from non-cyber backgrounds. It also uncovers lots of opportunity to attract employees from other areas into cybersecurity.
Which other career(s)/profession(s) did you work in before cybersecurity? [451], based on those who have worked in professions other than cybersecurity in the past, omitting some answer options
Soulful Work. Respondents have worked within a cybersecurity profession for 9 years on average, demonstrating a level of longevity in the field. Given the wide range of eclectic roles available within cybersecurity itself, it makes sense that employees tend to stick around for a while.
For how long have you worked within a cybersecurity-related career/profession? [1000]
Most (92%) agree that cybersecurity is purposeful, soulful work that motivates them. It goes without saying that having a career which is purposeful, gives employees a reason to get up every day and commit to their profession long-term.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [1000]
More than half of respondents (52%) acknowledged they believe cybersecurity is progressive and evolving. Alongside this, job security is another impactful reason for currently working within cybersecurity. The fact that cybersecurity continuously grows in relevance, and roles always being accessible on this basis is clearly an important factor. Particularly given events since the start of the pandemic in terms of national and international lockdowns, employees being furloughed, and uncertainty across other industries, the appeal of cybersecurity will have only become more prevalent.
Which of the following best describes why you currently work in a cybersecurity career/profession? [1000], omitting some answer options
Frustrations in the field. Frustrations experienced within cybersecurity vary across the board, demonstrating the importance in addressing several areas as opposed to focusing on just one. Respondents report limited support for the development of skills as a key frustration, alongside a lack of recognition for the good they do for society. Other issues stem from limited support with qualifications, pay gaps between different demographic groups, lack of diversity, and unfriendly environments for both certain ethnic groups and women.
Which of the following are frustrations working within a cybersecurity career/profession? [1000], omitting some answer options
Encouraging employees into cybersecurity careers
Not only are there challenges for those currently working within cybersecurity, but there are also barriers holding people back in terms of transitioning into a cybersecurity career in the first place. Most report there needing to be greater efforts to support employees in terms of developing skills, consulting on what's required, and a greater understanding of progression routes and opportunities.
In terms of encouraging more people into a cybersecurity career/profession, how important is it that the following are improved upon? [1000], scores shown are a combination of "Extremely important" and "Highly important", omitting some answer options
More than two fifths rank more efforts in raising awareness within the top three areas which would most encourage greater participation into a cybersecurity career. Further education and funding support are also important, areas which are clearly lacking at the moment. There are also greater diversity efforts needed, as well as wider consideration of different ethnic groups in terms of pay gaps, inclusivity and equality. Without addressing these areas, the cybersecurity field certainly won't be optimizing its talent opportunities which in turn have a knock-on effect on productivity and progression.
Which of the following do you believe would most encourage greater participation of employees into a cybersecurity career/profession? Combination of responses ranked first, second and third [1000], omitting an answer option
Encouraging a greater recruitment drive of employees into cybersecurity-related roles starts from engagement with students in schools – both areas in which respondents report their own organizations could be doing more in. Openness to considering employees from non-traditional cybersecurity and demographic backgrounds is also key, and could see the industry pave the way for greater innovation, progression and talent.
To what extent do you believe your organization could be doing more to encourage the following? [1000], sores shown are a combination of "They could be doing a lot more" and "They could be doing a bit more", omitting some answer options
Here to stay?
While the majority of those surveyed plan to stay within cybersecurity for the remainder of their working career, two in ten do currently have plans to move on within the next two years and may well be planning to jump ship sooner rather than later. Needless to say, this is a 20% cybersecurity cannot afford to lose.
The frustrations felt now such as limited support for skills development, lack of recognition, and unfriendly working environments for women and certain ethnic groups, will certainly be contributing to these planned moves. Addressing frustrations and challenges head on, from both a wider community perspective and from organizations themselves, will help to retain current employees in the industry.
Thinking about the future of your working career, do you anticipate that you will stay within a cybersecurity career/profession? [1000], omitting an answer opinion
Of those planning to move to a different career or profession in the future, more than half report plans to move to IT, computer science or software development. Others plan to move into business and professional services, financial services, etc.
Which career/profession are you planning to move to in the future? [304], based on those with plans to move to other career/profession in the future, omitting some answer options
Again, addressing current frustrations, particularly unclear progression routes, could enable cybersecurity professionals to discover new opportunities within cyber that they perhaps weren't aware of previously. Such discoveries could be the change required to retain employees.
Acknowledging frustration, retaining employees. For those planning to move on, feeling as though they have or will have accomplished everything they wanted to is a key reason, as well as the fact that respondents have another career or profession in mind which they're more passionate about. Greater awareness of the diverse paths available within cybersecurity could help with this, and enable employees to uncover new passions they weren't even aware cybersecurity could provide.
There are several societal and organizational issues which also need addressing though. Experiences of cybersecurity being unfriendly for certain ethnic groups, and for women are significant enough for more than a tenth of respondents planning to leave their profession. Addressing such challenges embedded within cybersecurity is critical, and proactivity from organizations in terms of recognizing and acknowledging these issues is important in encouraging employees to stay.
Which of the following are reasons why you're planning to move to a different career/profession in the future? [304], based on those with plans to move to other career/profession in the future, omitting some answer options
These findings again draw attention to the fact that the field continuously predominantly male and white or Caucasian. It again raises the specter that the cyber talent gap may not be addressed without expanding workforce ranks beyond this demographic. Simply put, we will not retain or grow the cyber workforce if we fail as a field in diversity, equity and inclusion, as well as non-traditional approaches to talent recruitment, training and development.
What is your ethnic group? [1000]
These frustrations suggest DEI is an imperative not only for the cybersecurity field, but also the industry and national security postures that increasingly rely upon cyber as a security domain. If the cybersecurity field cannot view DEI issues as opportunities and work to overcome them, the current workforce could become even less capable of protecting us as adversaries and attack vectors continue to outpace defenders and defenses in terms of growth and evolution. In short, DEI is a national security imperative organizations, industry, nations and society overall cannot afford to ignore—and cybersecurity is a critical space where this could be felt most acutely.
Key insights and takeaways
It's critical that current frustrations are addressed, before cybersecurity professionals jump ship
The majority (89%) note at least one frustration, with the most common focusing on limited support for the development of skills (36%), lack of recognition for the good done for society (36%), and limited support with the qualifications and certifications required (32%). Problems relating to inequality and limited diversity are also relatively common. Addressing these pain points is critical, particularly when thinking about the fact that almost a third (30%) have plans to potentially move to a different career or profession at some point in the future.
There are areas organizations need to address, in the interests of their current employees and prospective ones
Respondents recognize that their own organizations could be making more progressive steps towards encouraging more individuals into cybersecurity. Greater recruitment drives of employees into cybersecurity-related roles (95%), community mentoring programs with a presence in K-12 schools (94%), and openness to considering employees from non-traditional cybersecurity backgrounds (94%), are just a few areas where organizations could be doing more.
There are also areas that societal and government bodies need to address
Greater efforts in raising awareness of cybersecurity careers (43%), encouraging students to pursue STEM-related careers throughout the education process (41%), and further funding support (39%) were most likely to be ranked within the top three areas which would most encourage greater participation of employees into a cybersecurity career. This demonstrates that there's not one defined quick fix, but potentially many.
Greater efforts are needed to encourage employees into a cybersecurity career
Most (92%) report that there is a current skills gap across the cybersecurity profession and a growing demand to fill security-related roles. The same proportion (92%) also believe that greater mentorship, internships, and apprenticeships would encourage and support participation of workers from diverse backgrounds into cybersecurity-based roles –so more could certainly be done to encourage a greater pool of employees to meet demand.
Trellix Endpoint Scores 100% Detection with Zero False Positives in Latest SE Labs Endpoint Security Test
Trellix Expedites Delivery of XDR with AWS
Ransomware Activity Doubles in Transportation and Shipping Industry
Trellix Expands XDR Platform to Transform Security Operations
The Bug Report — December 2022 Edition
By John Borrero Rodriguez · Jan 4, 2023
Let's say hello to this month's list of naughty bugs! We even have a mention by the NSA! Naughty naughty, Citrix!
Key Building Blocks for a Complete XDR Solution
By Deepak Seth · Dec 22, 2022
This blog describes the key security pillars that needs to be evaluated by the organizations in choosing the right XDR solution for their environment.
Analytical Firms and Peer Review Programs Position Trellix to Lead the XDR Market
By Daniel Ramos · Dec 19, 2022
Trellix is recognized by the analytical firms and peer review programs in all the main XDR front-end components including EDR, NDR, SEG, CWWP, and DLP.
We're no strangers to cybersecurity. But we are a new company.
Stay up to date as we evolve.
Zero spam. Unsubscribe at any time.
About Why Trellix? About Us Explore Products Leadership Careers
News and Events Newsroom Press Releases Blogs Webinars Events
Resources Security Awareness Resource Library Training and Education Communication Preferences Trellix Store
Support Support Customer Success Plans Downloads Product Documentation
Trellix Contact Us
Copyright © Musarubra US LLC | Privacy | Legal | Terms of Service | Shop Online
Be concise and specific:
Wrong: I want to learn how to migrate to Trellix Endpoint Security
Right: Trellix Endpoint Security migration
Use quotation marks to find a specific phrase:
"migrate to Trellix Endpoint security"
Use sets of quotation marks to search for multiple queries:
"endpoint security" "Windows"
Punctuation and special characters are ignored:
Avoid these characters: `, ~, :, @, #, $, %, ^, &, =, +, <, >, (, )
The search engine is not case sensitive:
Endpoint security, endpoint security, and ENDPOINT SECURITY will all yield the same results.


text:
Sport (current)
Homes (current)
Lifestyle (current)
Style & Beauty (current)
Weekly (current)
Place an Ad (current)
ePaper (current)
Louise Cashell
Published: January 14, 2021, 09:16
UCC players celebrating after winning the Fitzgibbon Cup last year. It was confirmed yesterday that this year's competition would not go ahead. Photo: Piaras Ó Mídheach/Sportsfile
Fitzgibbon and Sigerson cancelled
Third level GAA championships have been cancelled for the remainder of the academic year. It had been hoped that the Sigerson and Fitzgibbon Cups would be played at a later date in 2021.
However, yesterday the GAA confirmed that this year's competitions could not go ahead. Reigning Fitzgibbon Cup champions UCC, who were in line for three in-a-row this year after wins in 2020 and 2019, said on Twitter: "In the circumstances the postponement of the Fitzgibbon and Sigerson Cup competitions is the right call. However there should be a will to play them once all health and safety criteria allow, later on in the calendar year."
The GAA said: "They (the Higher Education committee) have done so to protect public health and all of our members. While this means there will be no matches played in the remainder of the academic year, the body have committed to a consultation process in the hope that some of the disappointing outcomes of 2020/2021 can be offset going forward."
More from this Topic
Webinar: How to stay mentally strong in a third lockdown
Turkey, chorizo & butter bean stew
Getting spicy in January
Chief medical officers and gardaí urge everyone to stay home
Cork's biggest free newspaper, bringing you everything you need to know in Cork since 2005
Editor: Brian HayesCurtin
Address: North Point House, North Point Business Park, Blackpool, Cork
Phone: +353 Phone: 021-4288566 Fax: 021-4288567
PCI INFO


The Administrative Mail office is located in the Service Building, Room 101. Enter the Schermerhorn Building and take the elevator to the 2nd floor. Follow the corridor to your right, all the way to the end. You can also enter via the Engineering Terrace parking entrance at 119th Street and Amsterdam.
Administrative Mail delivers intercampus mail free of charge to all Morningside Heights campus departments.
Intercampus mail is also collected for Barnard College, Harlem Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, The Forum, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, Lamont-Doherty, Lenfest, Prentis Hall, Teachers College, Studebaker, the Nash Building and the Interchurch Center.
A mail code is a four-digit number assigned to each department and office on the Morningside Heights campus. The first two digits represent the building, while the last two digits represent the department or specific location where mail is to be delivered.
To find the mail code of a department, academic building or individual, visit the online University directory and search by the name of the department or an associated staff or faculty member, or contact the Department Administrator. Note that only Morningside campus locations have mail codes.
Upon request Administrative Mail meters outgoing mail destined to off-campus locations. Requests are made by completing and appending a Mail Meter Request Form to applicable mail pieces, and are typically processed within 24 business hours. Postage fees are charged to the applicable departmental account. Outgoing mail is metered on a daily basis.
Domestic mail must be bundled separately from international mail. Deposit bundled mail with request form attached, in the large boxes labeled "Outgoing Postal Mail" located in your building's central mailbox area. Outgoing mail may also be brought to the Administrative Mail office for processing.
Mail metering machines can seal regular #10 envelopes; all other envelopes must be sealed before being dropped for pick-up. Any sensitive or confidential items should be sealed, regardless of size, before they are dropped.
All outgoing mail must be official University business and must include a Columbia University return address. Personal mail such as utility and credit card statements will be returned to the originating department. Any variance from this policy requires a written request for waiver from a department chair or director.
For more information about metered mail, please contact us.
Administrative Mail sends packages via the United States Postal Service (USPS). Packages can be sent via 1st class mail, media mail (book rate), library mail, parcel post, domestic express, air mail, foreign press and international surface mail.
To send a package, complete a Mail Meter Request Form and attach it to the item(s) to be mailed. Any package that does not fit in the administrative mail slots must be dropped off at the Administrative Mail office. Administrative Mail only collects packages destined to campus addresses; packages destined for off-campus locations must be dropped off at the Administrative Mail office.
For expedited service, departments should coordinate delivery directly via USPS or an independent courier. FedEx services are available at a discounted rate at the Student Mail Center. The Student Mail Center accepts payment via credit card, cash, check and Flex.
Administrative Mail coordinates mass mailings for intercampus and University-affiliated deliveries. Mass mailing services are provided for official Columbia University business only, and include on-campus collection, printing, stuffing and delivery. A valid departmental chart string is required for all orders.
Minimum mailing size for 1st class mail and presorted mail is 500 pieces.
Minimum mailing size for nonprofit mail is 200 pieces.
For more information about mass mailing services, please contact the Bulk Mail Manager.
Columbia Print can provide design and production assistance for mass mailings. For more information on these services, please contact Columbia Print.
Columbia Print provides same-day, intercampus courier service. A valid departmental chart string is required for all requests. For more information, please contact Columbia Print at (212) 854-6594 for additional information.


text:
Telltale Games The Walking Dead Season 3 is called "A New Frontier"
By Lexuzze Tablanteon November 23, 2016
Telltale Games has officially announced the premiere date and some new key arts of the third season of the critically acclaimed series — The Walking Dead: A New Frontier.
The first five episodes of Season 3 will still be digitally released through Steam, PlayStation Store for PS3 and PS4, and Xbox Live for Xbox 360 and Xbox One on December 20. Beginning of February 7, The Walking Dead: A New Frontier special Season Pass Disc will be available for PS4 and Xbox One owners.
Here is an overview of Seasons 3's plot:
"When family is all you have left… how far will you go to protect it? Four years after society was ripped apart by undead hands, pockets of civilization emerge from the chaos. But at what cost? Can the living be trusted on this new frontier? As Javier, a young man determined to find the family taken from him, you meet a young girl who has experienced her own unimaginable loss. Her name is Clementine, and your fates are bound together in a story where every choice you make could be your last."
The Walking Dead: A New Frontier will be have its first reveal to the public in The Game Awards on December 1. Make sure to tune in on The Game Awards 2016!


text:
General Douglas MacArthur
26 January 1880 - 5 April 1964
General Douglas MacArthur, "liberator" of the Philippines, shogun of occupied Japan and mastermind of the Inchon invasion, was an admired national hero when he was relieved of his command by President Truman in April 1951 for insubordination and disobedience.
Earlier in his career he had supervised the eviction of the "bonus marchers" from Washington, DC on July 29,1932 in a controversially heavy-handed fashion. Retired from active service in December 1937, he was soon recalled to active duty as lieutenant general and named commander, United States Army Forces in the Far East, July 1941; was promoted to temporary general, December 1941; led American forces in Pacific campaigns as Supreme Allied Commander, 1941-1945; was promoted to temporary General of the Army December 1944; received the Medal of Honor for Philippine defense preparations and operations; was appointed Supreme Allied Commander, Japan, 1945; rank as General of the Army made permanent, April 1946; was designated commander in chief, Far East Command, 1947; upon the North Korean invasion of South Korea, was designated commander, United Nations Command in the Far East, July 1950.
"At the time of MacArthur's removal President Harry S Truman was also a Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Missouri. Before dismissing General MacArthur, President Truman consulted with his advisors, which included Generals George C. Marshall who was Secretary of Defense at the time, and Omar N. Bradley who was chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In December of 1941, George Marshall had been made a Mason "at sight" by the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia. Omar Bradley had been raised in West Point Lodge No.877, Highland Falls, New York in 1923. Dean Atcheson and Averell Harriman were also consulted. The recommendation to dismiss General MacArthur was unanimous... it was not the best of times for the Craft. Douglas MacArthur was relieved by Lieutenant General Matthew B. Ridgeway who was also a freemason. Like Bradley, he was a member of West Point Lodge No. 877, and was raised on May 1, 1924."
Made on Sight: January 17, 1936
Grand Lodge of the Philippines
Affiliated : 1936
Manila Lodge No. 1
Source: Herbert G. Gardiner, PGS, Grand Lodge of Hawaii F,& A.M .
ANTI-MASONRY | FAMOUS FREEMASONS | HOME | ESSAYS & PAPERS | SITEMAP
freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/macarthur_d/macarthur_d.html


text:
<?php
/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: Simonas
 * Date: 2016-12-13
 * Time: 23:11
 */

namespace AppBundle\Controller;

use AppBundle\Controller\AdminController as BaseAdminController;

class PrekiuPapildymoUzsakymoValdiklis extends BaseAdminController
{
    public function prePersistPrekesPapildymasEntity($entity) {
        $entity->setSukurimoData(new \DateTime());
        $entity->setPrekiuKiekis($entity->getPrekePrekesPapildymas()->count());
    }

    public function preUpdatePrekesPapildymasEntity($entity) {
        $entity->setPrekiuKiekis($entity->getPrekePrekesPapildymas()->count());
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Showing results for "luggage set 4 piece"
Designed to keep your clothes, shoes, and other accessories safe and organized, this practical luggage set is perfect for traveling Size: Large. Color: Blue. Gender: Unisex. Age Group: Adult.
This luggage set featuring durable bags with multiple compartments can help you travel conveniently with all your essentials Size: Large. Color: Blue. Gender: Unisex. Age Group: Adult.


text:
A Killer Among Us is a 1990 drama/thriller TV film directed by Peter Levin and starring Jasmine Guy and Anna Maria Horsford.

Plot
Theresa is one of the twelve jurors who have to decide about a case of assassination. She believes very strongly in the innocence of the young man, but cannot convince the others. During the discussions, she realizes that one member of the jury knows details that he could not know from the trial alone. Since no one believes her suspicions, she investigates on her own.

External links

1990 television films
1990 films
1990 drama films
Films directed by Peter Levin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The sins of distorting history
History is an embodiment of the heritage of a nation's people that is passed down from generation to generation. It is manifested in nation building, the defence of national sovereignty, the expansion and demarcation of territory and numerous other forms of interactions at various levels. History is instructive in understanding and interpreting past events with a view to not only predict the future, but also avert the commission or repetition of mistakes. A fact-based presentation of history is instrumental in the all-encompassing development and transformation of a society while distorting it only beats the path to downfall. Ethiopia has had a chequered history that has shed both positive and negative lights on it. Successive generations of Ethiopians defended their country with passion and heroism thanks to the virtues that have been handed down for eons. Sharing successes and ordeals as one they have remained a cohesive polity through a display of harmony and solidarity. One of the values that the sagacity and decency of Ethiopians finds expression is their unshakeable love of country. Their glorious history bears testimony to this undeniable fact.
Nowadays forces in conflict with history are working hard at warping the history of Ethiopia and Ethiopians. Some deny the very existence of certain sections of the population and render them stateless while others reject the notion that throughout their history Ethiopians were one in maintaining the sovereignty of their beloved nation. Political merchants bent on assuming power via extra constitutional routes are brazenly disseminating lies to further their evil agenda. They have no qualms about perverting history to glorify like-minded souls and demonize those who do not subscribe to their beliefs. Such elements are incapable of making history but leave no stone unturned to tarnish it. These proponents of zero-sum politics are endeavoring to engineer a break down in law and order. Unless it's nipped in the bud this is bound to result in the demise of all sides concerned.
Exalting previous generations as being blemishless or condemning their actions on the basis of contemporary thinking or standards cannot take Ethiopia forward. Sowing the seeds of conflict rather than learning from past mistakes and consolidating successes is not befitting for the 21st century. The Ethiopia of today and the past vastly differ as do the present and earlier generations. It would be an embarrassment for the current generation if is unwilling or unable to do the country proud on the word stage by surpassing the accomplishments of its predecessors and instead descend into conflicts that dismember it into small fiefdoms as in the era the central government was weak. What's more humiliating than enfeebling a nation at a time the world is becoming more integrated and inextricably aligning its interest? It's scandalous to weaponize disagreements over territorial claims or questions of identity for the purpose of fueling intercommunal clashes which spill the blood of innocent people when the turbulent times the country is in demands every effort to be exerted to guarantee durable peace, democracy and prosperity. Such conduct is harmful to the national interest and shall be judged harshly in the annals of history.
It's deplorable to capitalize on rows over ethnic identity or regional borders to engender mutual destruction when the right thing to do is to resolve differences within an overarching framework that advances the national interest. There is no way that a civilized discourse amenable to the principle of give-and-take can take place where a politics of provocation and intolerance is the norm. Reopening centuries-old wounds and threatening to use violence only rend a country apart, not build it. If politicians eschew negotiation and compromising to reach a middle ground and persist with the undemocratic habit of scheming and conniving it will have dire implications for the continued existence of Ethiopia as a nation. It's perplexing why disputes regarding administrative boundaries and ethnic identity cannot be amicably and have to lead to bloodletting. Parallel to legally constituted mechanisms all Ethiopia communities have well-developed and morally coercive dispute resolution traditions. So why is it proving to be impossible in this day and age to address lawfully and democratically the demands of the public? What is driving the rush to undermine the values that Ethiopians have maintained for millennia as well as to distort history with intent to induce instability? No time should be wasted in thwarting any and all attempts to impose one's will on others.
If any citizen cannot build on the history that our forefathers have bequeathed us, he should at least desist from destroying it. It's odious and indeed cowardly to stab the public in the back while professing to have its interest at heart. In particular those who shed crocodile tears while sacrificing innocent lives on the altar of their ego behind the safety of social media are morally reprehensible. Ethiopians have never been synonymous with such dastardly behavior throughout their history. Sadly these days elements determined to break up Ethiopia are losing sleep over how to exploit society's fault lines and wreak havoc. They are consumed with supplanting the bigger identity that Ethiopianness represents with narrow and antagonistic identities whose ultimate goal is to bring on the disintegration of the country. And they are salivating to whip up the poverty-stricken people of Ethiopia into a frenzy of deadly conflict and make them the laughingstock of the world. The length they are going to stir up sectarian clashes goes against the essence of Ethiopianness. Ethiopians are renowned for standing in unison to defend their cherished nation to the bitter end, not internecine strife. Their history is a testament to this feat.
History is not made by instigating conflicts precipitating a political crisis. Making history means elevating Ethiopia to its rightful place in the community of nations. The country may reap the dividends of peace, democracy and prosperity insofar as its children are able to accommodate their differences in a civilized manner and forge a broad consensus on shared issues of national importance. Any individual or party found wanting in this regard cannot be a politician in the proper sense of the word. A politician knows when to exercise prudence like a diplomat, when to attack or defend like a military strategist and how to make the most of changing circumstances like a shrewd businessman. Leadership is an inborn skill which is perfected through continues education and hands-on experience. Any politician lacking one of these qualities better try their hand at something else. They have no business disparaging or violence the proud history of Ethiopians to advance their wicked agenda while they have no history to speak of. Distorting history is an egregious sin that cannot and must not be tolerated.
Absence of principles engenders state collapse!
The imperative for the elite to learn from mistakes!
Is Ethiopia heeding the alarm bells?
The road to perdition
No shared journey together without trust!
Overcoming Ethiopia's complex problems requires a profound insight


text:
Scholarships at ILCA- (Liam Carr)
Liam getting really excited for his next opportunity while signing the papers. He is accompanied with his mom Cindy (right) and dad Vince (left).
David Wiles, Reporter
Two senior athletes Liam Carr and Brena Brown at Immanuel Lutheran Christian Academy recently received athletic scholarships for Concordia University Seward, NE. There is no doubt that this is a special opportunity for the two of them and the future promises to be bright.
Senior Liam Carr received and signed on for a football scholarship at Concordia University in Seward, Nebraska.
Carr said he wasn't shocked when he heard the news and explained.
"I had been talking with the coaches for a couple of months and then a few months back received a letter of intent."
Carr admitted that he was a little nervous and added, "The guys will be bigger than what I'm used to, and a lot stronger as well."
Carr described how he likes the idea of going to Concordia and wouldn't have chosen any other college.
In the end, Carr described how of course he hopes to be successful in college but knows, "I will have to work harder."
Carr's father Vince Carr expressed similar feelings.
Vince said, "We were very proud of Liam receiving the scholarship and since he is a Lutheran church member, he also received a Lutheran Heritage scholarship."
Carr described how he thinks Liam is both excited and nervous for this opportunity.
"Starting college is a new experience but he loves the town and the people there and is already quite familiar with the college since his brother went there."
Vince said, "Liam has worked hard for this opportunity. He has loved football his whole life and always spends time drawing up new plays, even during church."
Vince in the end believes that Liam will be successful just like his brothers were, but not without some adversity along the way, that he will have to overcome.
Liam's parents were not the only ones excited and proud of this moment, but also Liam's longtime high school football coach, Billy Daves.
Daves claimed that he was elated when he heard the news.
"I was aware throughout the season that Concordia was interested in him so I am glad it worked out. I am proud of Liam for this opportunity and I know Liam will be successful in college."
Daves described his first interaction with Liam in the summer of 2017 and said, "I knew Liam was a very good teammate and one who would help out others."
In the end, Daves admitted, "I cannot speak to what my contribution was to this moment but I am humbled to be a part of it."
High school teacher and another coach of Liam's at Immanuel Lutheran Christian Academy, Mr. Taylor Mueller expressed his thoughts on Liam's scholarship.
Mueller said he wasn't shocked when he heard the news.
Similar to Daves, Mueller began to notice Liam's potential and leadership qualities early on, "when he displayed great leadership potential during games."
"Liam is both excited and nervous for this opportunity. It's a new experience and a full-time job, but Liam has the right kind of attributes for it."
Mueller said, "Liam should always strive to be better and enjoy the moment."
Liam broke many records during his time playing football at ILCA, his friends and family expect no different come this fall. This accomplishment and momentous occasion also came true with senior Brena Brown who will be discussed in the next story.
If you could vote in the upcoming election who would you vote for?
Vote for Donald Trump
Vote for Joe Biden
Immanuel After COVID
TikTok and Its Trends at ILCA
The "Code breaking" Astros
Kobe and Gianna; Our Fallen Legends
Coach's World Record
The Winter Chill That Has Enveloped ILCA
XFL Take Two
New Tobacco Laws Combat Teen Vaping
All About The New Teachers at ILCA
The Iranian Crisis
The Student News Site of Immanuel Lutheran Christian Academy


Find Fireplace Accessories in Shopzilla's Home & Garden category: Compare prices of Fireplace Accessories and buy your new Fireplace Accessory online. When buying Fireplace Accessories from Home & Garden stores check their rating by shoppers. Simply select the store that has the Fireplace Accessory you're looking for. If a Home & Garden store isn't rated yet it means that Shopzilla is still collecting shopper reviews at this time.


text:
Current: Short-term effects of fertilization on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) physiology
Short-term effects of fertilization on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) physiology
Authors: Gough, C.M.; Seiler, J.R.; Maier, Chris A.
Source: Plant, Cell and Environment (2004) 27, 876  886
Fertilization commonly increases biomass production in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). However, the sequence of short-term physiological adjustments allowing for the establishment of leaf area and enhanced growth is not well understood. The effects of fertilization on photosynthetic parameters, root respiration, and growth for over 200 d following the application of diammonium phosphate were intensively investigated in an effort to establish a relative sequence of events associated with improved growth. Root respiration, foliar nitrogen concentration [N]f, and light-saturated net photosynthesis (Asat) temporarily increased following fertilization. Asat was correlated positively with [N]f when non-fertilized and fertilized treatments were pooled (R2 = 0.47). Increased photosynthetic capacity following fertilization was due to both improved photochemical efficiency and capacity and enhanced carboxylation capacity of Rubisco. Positive effects of fertilization on growth were observed shortly after Asat increased. Fertilized seedlings had 36.5% more leaf area and 36.5% greater total dry weight biomass at 211 d following fertilization. It is concluded that fertilization temporarily increased photo-synthetic capacity, which resulted in a pool of photo-assimilate used to build leaf area. The N from fertilizer initially invested in photosynthetic structures and enzymes probably re-translocated to newly developing foliage, explaining the reduction in [N]f and Asat that was observed after peak levels were achieved following fertilization.
Citation: Gough, C.M.; Seiler, J.R.; Maier, Chris A. 2004. Short-term effects of fertilization on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) physiology. Plant, Cell and Environment (2004) 27, 876  886
@misc{gough%2C+c.m.2004short-term, title={Short-term effects of fertilization on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) physiology}, author={Gough, C.M. and Seiler, J.R. and Maier, Chris A.}, journal={Plant, Cell and Environment (2004) 27, 876  886}, year={2004} }
%0 Report %T Short-term effects of fertilization on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) physiology %J Plant, Cell and Environment (2004) 27, 876  886 %A Gough, C.M. %A Seiler, J.R. %A Maier, Chris A. %D 2004 %> https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_gough002.pdf %U https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/7077
TY - RPRT TI - Short-term effects of fertilization on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) physiology AU - Gough, C.M. AU - Seiler, J.R. AU - Maier, Chris A. PY - 2004 JO - Plant, Cell and Environment (2004) 27, 876  886 L1 - https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_gough002.pdf UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/7077 ER -