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Security camera lighting
Surveillance cameras IP cameras Dome cameras IP Dome cameras Security camera lenses Video motion detectors
Make: Arecont Vision
Arecont Vision Surveillance Camera Lighting
LED Type IR
Distance > 200 > 80 1.5 ~ 24 10 10-degrees: 100m / 328ft.; 50-degrees: 50m / 164ft. 100 100 ~ 140 100 ~ 150 100 m 100m 105 106 106 ~ 160 11 11 ~ 16 110 112 12 12.2 120 120 ~ 200 120m / 394ft. 120m / 395ft. 121 125m / 400ft 128 13 13 ~ 18 13 ~ 20 13]4 130 130 m 130m / 427ft 130m / 427ft. 131 135 14 140 15 150 150 m 150-200 150m 150m / 492ft. 15m 15m / 49.2 ft 15m / 50ft. 16 160 160m / 525ft 17 170 170 m 170m / 558ft. 175 175m/575ft 18 18 ~ 23 m 18 ~ 28 18.3 180 183 184 19 190m 20 20 ~ 28 20 ~ 30m / 66 ~ 98ft. 20 ~ 50 20 ~ 60 20 m 200 20m 21 21 ~ 32 21~ 30 22 220 220m / 722ft. 230 24 240 240m / 787ft. 25 250 250 m 25m 26 26 ~ 40 270 28 28 ~ 40 3 ~ 12 3.5 30 30 ~ 50 30 ~ 90 300 31 310m / 1010ft 310m / 1010ft. 32 32 ~ 45 320 328 34 35 36 37 37 ~ 56 370 39.3 m 40 40 ~ 60 40 ~ 70 40m / 130ft. 42 42 ~ 28 42 ~ 64 45 45 ~ 120 45 ~ 150 45-60 45m 46 46 ~ 65 50 50 ~ 70 50 ~ 80 50 m 50m / 160ft 50m / 164ft. 53 53 ~ 80 55 55 ~ 80 56 56 ~ 80 6 60 60 ~ 80 60 ~ 90 64 65 65 ~ 220 65 m / 213 ft 7 70 70 m 700 73 74 74 ~ 105 74 ~ 112 75 7m 8 8 ~ 12 8 ~ 32 80 80 - 50 80-120 84 85 9 90 90 ~ 150 90-120 90m / 295 ft 90m / 295ft. 91 92 Dia.=12m (Height:6m, distance:23m) External
Makes Arecont Vision
Width >100 10 10 ~ 50 degrees 10 degrees 10 x 10 10 x 20 10 x 30 10 x 50 10 x 8 100 100 x 100 10º 11 x 9 12 12 x 13 12 x 8 120 120 ~ 180 120 x 120 120 x 180 135 14 x 14 140 15 15 x 15 150 160 18 x 18 180 180 x 180 20 20 ~ 60 20 x 15 20 x 20 20 x 60 21 x 21 23 x 10 23º 24 24 x 24 25 25 x 25 26 x 10 27 x 27 30 30 degrees 30 x 20 30 x 30 30 x 60 30 x 90 30º 35 35 x 10 36 x 36 38 38 x 38 39 x 23 40 40 ~ 80 40 x 19 40 x 20 40 x 40 40º 45 45 x 45 5 x 15 50 50 degrees 50 x 100 50 x 13 50 x 180 50 x 50 55 6 6 x 6 60 60 ~ 100 60 degrees 60 x 30 60 x 40 60 x 50 60 x 60 70 80 90 95 Spot
Arecont Vision AV-IRF Single IR Illuminator
IR , 15m / 49.2 ft m illumination range
Click here to view discontinued Security camera lighting
Browse Surveillance Camera Lighting
1.5 ~ 24
10-degrees: 100m / 328ft.; 50-degrees: 50m / 164ft.
10 ~ 50 degrees
Other Arecont Vision products
Arecont Vision IP cameras
Arecont Vision Network Video Recorders (NVRs)
Arecont Vision IP Dome cameras
Arecont Vision Security camera lenses
Security camera lighting products updated recently
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Dahua Technology ITALF-300AC White Flash Lamp
Dahua Technology ITALE-080BA-IR8-P IR Strobe Lamp
Security camera lighting - Expert commentary
Security And Safety Drive Smart Building Strategies For The Future
Johnson Controls recently unveiled the findings of its 2018 Energy Efficiency Indicator (EEI) survey that examined the current and planned investments and key drivers to improve energy efficiency and building systems integration in facilities. Systems integration was identified as one of the top technologies expected to have the biggest impact on the implementation in smart buildings over the next five years, with respondents planning to invest in security, fire and life-safety integrations more so than any other systems integration in the next year. As advanced, connected technologies drive the evolution of smart buildings, security and safety technologies are at the center of more intelligent strategies as they attribute to overall building operations and efficiencies. SecurityInformed.com spoke with Johnson Controls, Building Solutions, North America, VP of Marketing, Hank Monaco, and Senior National Director of Municipal Infrastructure and Smart Cities, Lisa Brown, about the results of the study, smart technology investments and the benefits of a holistic building strategy that integrates security and fire and life-safety systems with core building systems. Q: What is the most striking result from the survey, and what does it mean in the context of a building's safety and security systems? The results show an increased understanding about the value of integrating safety and security systems with other building systems Hank Monaco: Investment in building system integration increased 23 percent in 2019 compared to 2018, the largest increase of any measure in the survey. When respondents were asked more specifically what systems they we planning to invest in over the next year, fire and life safety integration (61%) and security system integration (58%) were the top two priorities for organizations. The results show an increased understanding about the value of integrating safety and security systems with other building systems to improve overall operations and bolster capabilities beyond the intended function of an individual system. Q: The survey covers integration of fire, life safety and security systems as part of "smart building" systems. How do smarter buildings increase the effectiveness of security and life safety systems? Hank Monaco: A true "smart building" integrates all building systems – security, fire and life-safety, HVAC, lighting etc. – to create a connected, digital infrastructure that enables individual technologies to be more intelligent and perform more advanced functions beyond what they can do on their own. For example, when sensors and video surveillance are integrated with lighting systems, if abnormal activity is detected on the building premise, key stakeholders can be automatically alerted to increase emergency response time. With integrated video surveillance, they also gain the ability to access surveillance footage remotely to assess the situation. When sensors and video surveillance are integrated with lighting systems abnormal activity on the premise can automatically be detected Q: How can integrated security and life safety systems contribute to greater energy efficiency in a smart building environment? Hank Monaco: Security, fire and life-safety systems can help to inform other building systems about how a facility is used, high-trafficked areas and the flow of occupants within a building. Integrated building solutions produce a myriad of data that can be leveraged to increase operational efficiencies. From an energy efficiency standpoint, actionable insights are particularly useful for areas that are not frequently occupied or off-peak hours as you wouldn't want to heat or cool an entire building for just one person coming in on the weekend. When video surveillance is integrated with HVAC and lighting systems, it can monitor occupancy in a room or hallway. The video analytics can then control the dimming of lights and the temperature depending on occupant levels in a specific vicinity. Similarly, when access control systems are integrated with these same systems, once a card is presented to the reader, it can signal the lights or HVAC system to turn on. In this example, systems integration can ultimately help enable energy savings in the long run. Security and life safety systems contribute to help enable greater energy efficiency and energy savings in the long run Q: What other benefits of integration are there (beyond the core security and life safety functions)? Hank Monaco: Beyond increased security, fire and life-safety functions, the benefits of systems integration include: Increased data and analytics to garner a holistic, streamlined understanding of how systems function and how to improve productivity Ability to track usage to increase efficiency and reduce operational costs Enhanced occupant experience and comfort Increased productivity and workflow to support business objectives Smart-ready, connected environment that can support future technology advancements Q: What lesson or action point should a building owner/operator take from the survey? How can the owner of an existing building leverage the benefits of the smart building environment incrementally and absent a complete overhaul? Lisa Brown: Johnson Controls Energy Efficiency Indicator found that 77% of organizations plan to make investments in energy efficiency and smarter building technology this year. This percentage demonstrates an increased understanding of the benefits of smart buildings and highlights the proactive efforts building owners are taking to adopt advanced technologies. There is an increased understanding that buildings operate more effectively when different building systems are connected As smart buildings continue to evolve, more facilities are beginning to explore opportunities to advance their own spaces. A complete overhaul of legacy systems is not necessary as small investments today can help position a facility to more easily adopt technologies at scale in the future. As a first step, it's important for building owners to conduct an assessment and establish a strategy that defines a comprehensive set of requirements and prioritizes use-cases and implementations. From there, incremental investments and updates can be made over a realistic timeline. Q: What is the ROI of smart buildings? Lisa Brown: As demonstrated by our survey, there is an increased understanding that buildings operate more effectively when different building systems are connected. The advanced analytics and more streamlined data that is gathered through systems integration can provide the building-performance metrics to help better understand the return on investment (ROI) of the building systems. This data is used to better understand the environment and make assessments and improvements overtime to increase efficiencies. Moreover, analytics and data provide valuable insights into where action is needed and what type of return can be expected from key investments.
Development Of Integrated Thermal Imaging Technology Into Evolving Market Verticals
Global and domestic threats have highlighted the need for tighter security across all verticals. One of the technologies that has redefined situational awareness and intrusion detection is thermal imaging. Once a technology exclusively manufactured for the military operations, thermal cameras today are deployed across hundreds of security applications and continue to see strong demand in existing and emerging commercial markets. With thermal technology, security personnel can see in complete darkness as well as in light fog, smoke and rain Technology Overview And Early Adoption What distinguishes thermal cameras from optical sensors is their ability to produce images based on infrared energy, or heat, rather than light. By measuring the heat signatures of all objects and capturing minute differences between them, thermal cameras produce clear, sharp video despite unfavorable environmental conditions. With thermal technology, security personnel can see in complete darkness as well as in light fog, smoke and rain. Originally a military developed, commercially qualified technology, the first thermal cameras for military and aircraft use appeared in the 1950s. By the 1960s, the technology had been declassified and the first thermal camera for commercial use was introduced. However, it wasn't until the late 1990s - when FLIR Systems introduced a camera with an uncooled thermal detector - when the technology began to see substantial adoption beyond government defense deployments. Installations At Critical Infrastructure Sites In the 2000s, industrial companies were some of the first adopters of thermal, using the technology for predictive maintenance to monitor overheating and machine malfunctions. In the years following the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, there was an increase in thermal camera installations across critical infrastructure sites. Stricter security requirements drove the deployment of thermal cameras for perimeter protection, especially in the nuclear power sector. Thermal cameras produce clear video in daylight, low light or no light scenarios and their sharp images result in higher performing analytics In 2010, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Committee released its 73.55 policy, which states nuclear facilities must "provide continuous surveillance, observation and monitoring" as a means to enhance threat detection and deterrence efforts onsite. Because thermal cameras produce clear video in daylight, low light or no light scenarios and because their sharp images result in higher performing analytics, thermal cameras quickly became the preferred option for nuclear facilities. Likewise, following the 2013 sniper attack on PG&E Corporation's Metcalf transmission substation, the Federal Energy Regulation Commission introduced the Critical Infrastructure Protection Standard 014 (CIP-014). The policy requires utilities to identify threats to mission critical assets and implement a security system to mitigate those risks. This statute also led to more thermal installations in the utility sector as thermal cameras' long-range capabilities are ideal for detection of approaching targets beyond the fence line. The demand from both industrial and critical infrastructure entities, as well as other factors, helped drive volume production and price reduction for thermal, making the technology more accessible to the commercial security marketplace. Commercial Applications In recent years, the increasing affordability of thermal cameras along with the introduction of new thermal offerings has opened the door to new commercial applications for the technology. In the past, thermal cameras were designed for applications with enormous perimeters, where the camera needed to detect a human from 700 meters away. Locations like car dealerships, marinas and construction supply facilities can be protected by precise target detection, thermal analytic cameras providing an early warning to security personnel Today, there are thermal cameras specifically designed for short- to mid-range applications. Developed for small to medium enterprises, these thermal cameras ensure property size and security funds are no longer barriers to adoption. Lumber yards, recreation fields and sports arenas are some of the commercial applications now able to implement thermal cameras for 24-hour monitoring and intrusion detection. Affordable thermal cameras with onboard analytics have become attractive options for commercial businesses Innovation And Advancements Innovation and advancements in the core technology have also spurred growth in thermal camera deployment, providing faster image processing, higher resolution, greater video analytic capabilities and better camera performance. In particular, affordable thermal cameras with onboard analytics have become attractive options for commercial businesses that need outdoor, wide area protection. Car dealerships, marinas and construction supply locations all store valuable merchandise and materials outside. Without protection, these assets are vulnerable to vandalism and theft. However, by providing precise target detection, thermal analytic cameras provide an early warning to security personnel so that they can intervene before a crime is committed. By helping to deter just one incident, the thermal solution delivers a clear ROI. New Market Opportunities Not only are there more thermal cameras in use today than ever before, but there are also more thermal sensors being integrated with other multi-sensor systems, driving the adoption of thermal in new markets. For large perimeter surveillance applications, thermal is repeatedly being integrated with radar and drones to expand situational awareness beyond the point of fixed cameras. Users get immediate, accurate alerts of approaching targets and evidentiary class video for target assessment In the commercial market, thermal imagers are combined with optical sensors, analytics and LED illuminators into one solution that integrates with central monitoring station platforms. By bringing these technologies together, users get immediate, accurate alerts of approaching targets and evidentiary class video for target assessment. The result is a lower number of false positives, reducing the total cost of ownership for the solution. These multi-sensor solutions also feature two-way audio capabilities, which enable remote security officers to act as "virtual guards" and speak to intruders in real-time to dissuade them from illegal activity. The introduction of solutions that integrate all these state-of-the-art technologies under one unit reduces the amount of capital and infrastructure needed for deployment. Consequently, more small businesses and alarm monitoring companies can implement advanced perimeter security technologies like thermal sensors, some for the very first time. Thermal cameras have gone from military defense devices to widespread commercial security cameras Multi-Sensor Thermal Solutions Multi-sensor solutions featuring thermal are quickly gaining traction and opening the door to new business opportunities for the security channel. One of the primary reasons for the strong market interest in these systems is they enable integrators to increase their recurring monthly revenue (RMR). With intense price competition and eroding margins on CCTV equipment, integrators have to rely on RMR to grow their businesses. Offering remote video monitoring services and virtual guarding technologies is one of the best ways to do so. Additionally, there is a clear demand for it. Central stations are continually looking for new technologies to offer their customers and businesses are interested in economical alternatives to physical guards. In conclusion, thermal cameras have gone from military defense devices to widespread commercial security cameras that are a substantial segment of the outdoor security protection market. From nuclear power plants to construction locations, thermal technology is being implemented to secure sites around the globe.
How To Enhance IoT Applications With Network Video Surveillance
Remember the old adage "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts?" Nowhere is that truism more evident than when you add network video to the current generation of Internet of Things (IoT) solutions. Whether we're talking about industrial IoT applications, "Smart – X" (city, building, parking etc.) or retail operations, integrating network video into the solution provides value far beyond simple situational awareness. Optimising Sophisticated Video Technology When video systems first moved from analog to digital and then became part of the IoT world, they were primarily used to provide visual validation of sensor-detected events. For instance, if an industrial controller sensed an environmental issue such as a temperature exceeding set threshold maximum limits, the sensor would trigger the management software to notify the operator that this event had occurred. The operator could then pull up the video feed of the closest camera and observe the area remotely. While this application is simple, it shows how video enhances sensor management. As edge devices, such as sensors and network video become more intelligent, the interactions between systems are growing in sophistication and generating even greater value than each system could provide on its own. To appreciate how these smart applications are being used to improve overall efficiencies and profitability, let's delve into three areas where they're being deployed: intelligent buildings, smart cities, and smart retailing. By overlaying intelligent operational sensors with intelligent video, it's now possible to automate lighting levels based on motion detection Video-based Operational Analytics Applying intelligent monitoring to environmental equipment (HVAC) makes it easy for building owners and property managers to determine existing operating costs based on current equipment performance. They can then compare that amount to the cost of upgrades and potential cost savings over time. Lighting is another significant operating cost within building management. By overlaying intelligent operational sensors with intelligent video (light sensors), it's now possible to automate lighting levels based on motion detection. Lights can automatically turn on or off, brighten or dimmed, to eliminate wasteful energy consumption. With the addition of occupancy analytics via intelligent video, property managers can determine what caused the motion and learn other operational details such as occupancy counts. Did someone walk through and area causing lighting to turn on or up? Did they dwell in this area? These specifics can help managers efficiently optimize lighting controls and reduce the overall operating cost of the property. Businesses are also using smart applications to optimize allocation of desk space and conference areas. For instance, intelligent video can determine conference room occupancy (in use, number of people in room, free space even though showing booked) far better than stand-alone motion sensors. When tied to automated room assignment systems, the additional statistics provided by video analytics might suggest room changes based on room size and number of attendees through back-office applications such as Microsoft Outlook. These examples are just a few of a growing list of available video-based operational analytics currently on the market. Video Analytics In Smart Cities Initial forays into smart city technologies such as smart lighting, smart grid, smart parking and so on relied on standalone sensor technologies. Their capabilities were good but limited. Smart Lighting for instance would use basic light detectors to turn street lighting. Smart Parking and traffic systems would use weight sensors to trigger vehicle counts, traffic signal changes or determine if a parking space was in use and paid for. Augmenting these applications with intelligent video and analytics, however, opens up a whole new world of additional details. In Smart Lighting, the video sensor can now trigger a change in lighting based on rules such as vehicular and pedestrian events. Video analytics can yield additional metadata such as vehicle type (commercial versus public use). Smart Parking becomes much more effective when you can begin to provide vehicle detail such as vehicle type or other information based on license plate recognition. These additional details can help parking lots operate more efficiently and offer value-added services like space reservation and open space location notifications. Augmenting smart city applications with intelligent video and analytics opens up a whole new world of additional details Smart Grid offers some less obvious but equally valuable system augmentation capabilities. We often associate Smart Grid with simple automated meter reading but these systems also traverse critical power infrastructure. Solution providers in this arena are now offering heightened asset and perimeter protection via integration of network-based radar detection with video and audio analytics. This strategic mix of technologies can be used to minimize false detection alarms, turn on/off or change lighting levels and point cameras to areas of interest for extremely effective and cost-effective perimeter security. Network video For Retail Intelligence Retailing was one of the earliest adopters of smart device integration with network video and video analytics to support loss prevention and customer safety. They've been using video to analyze customer traffic and behavior in order to improve product placement, increase product sales, as well as cross-sell related items. Adding programmable "Digital Signage" to the mix created new opportunities to display targeted messages based on viewer demographics about additional products and services of potential interest. Integrating network video with point-of-sale terminals to reconcile cash register receipts, adding heat mapping analytics to study customer foot traffic patterns, measuring check out wait times to increase employee productivity and efficiency as well as improve the customer experience are just some of the ways retailers have applied the principles of IoT to their advantage. Overlay intelligent building controls and you can see the exponential power of integrating intelligent video with other IoT devices and systems. Retailing was one of the earliest adopters of smart device integration with network video and video analytics to support loss prevention and customer safety Minimizing Metadata Overload Smart application integration produces an enormous amount of metadata. Collecting, transporting and synthesising this data into meaningful business intelligence can be daunting. It requires disciplined use of resources from the network infrastructure transporting the data locally to the various cloud technologies (private cloud, hybrid cloud, public cloud) storing and disseminating it securely. Generally smart sensor data is fairly light weight in terms of actual data transmitted. Adding video elements can significantly increase bit-rate (bandwidth and storage) requirements. This highlights the need for the video to be more intelligent and interactive with the intelligent sensor and edge device technologies so that resources can be used more efficiently. Smart applications let you do that. You can fine tune video rules and optimize transmission based on retention value. You can program the video to sensor triggers or events, transmitting lower frame rate and resolution video for less interesting video and increasing the video settings when higher quality video is more relevant and valuable based on these sensor triggers. The back-end collectors of sensor metadata are becoming more mainstream and easier to operate. In many sectors, service providers are offering management of this sensor output "As a Service." As smart IoT technology continues to mature, the benefits of integration between network video systems and other network solutions will only get better. We're already seeing greater efficiency in operations as well as higher quantifiable returns on investment through cost savings and more in-depth, usable business intelligence.
Latest Arecont Vision news
Arecont Vision Costar Adds Desjardins Technologies To Its Manufacturer's Representative Program
Arecont Vision Costar, the provider of network-based video surveillance solutions, announces the addition of Desjardins Technologies to its Authorized Manufacturer's Representative Program to increase coverage for customers in Canada. Desjardins Technologies will deliver French and English pre-sales support in much of Eastern Canada, including the National Capital Region and the provinces of Quebec and New Brunswick. "Desjardins Technologies brings a wealth of experience in both the Ottawa area and throughout the provinces of Quebec and New Brunswick," said Kyle Parker, Vice President, Americas, Arecont Vision Costar. "They offer expertise in both security and home automation systems that will be of benefit to our customers in this part of Canada, including for training and design assistance in both English and French." Video surveillance products I look forward to the opportunity to bring the company's solutions to customers throughout the Ottawa area" Based in Blainville, Quebec, CEO and Founder Jean Pierre Desjardins brings twenty-five years of experience providing outstanding pre-sales support and assistance to customers across the region. "Arecont Vision Costar and its web-enabled Total Video Solution are an ideal fit for those in the region who are looking for proven video surveillance products combined with an easy to deploy and manage offering," stated Mr. Desjardins. "I look forward to the opportunity to bring the company's solutions to customers throughout the Ottawa area and across both Quebec and New Brunswick." Cloud-Enabled offering "Jean Pierre and his team will enable Arecont Vision Costar to reach many new customers in this region for the first time," stated John Bujarski, Senior Regional Sales Director, Arecont Vision Costar. "Our Total Video Solution is proven, simple to deploy, and a truly modern cloud-enabled offering that will benefit those in this part of Eastern Canada, just as it has across the United States and around the world." Desjardins Technologies and the other members of Arecont Vision Costar's Manufacturer's Representative Partner Program are focused on bringing the industry's best, cyber-secure video surveillance offerings to their assigned regions. Participants in the program extend the reach of Arecont Vision Costar by providing expert pre-sales assistance while interfacing with and educating customers, system integrators, and distributors on available solutions for even the most challenging video surveillance requirements.
Arecont Vision Costar Adds GT Reps To Its Authorized Manufacturer's Representative Program
Arecont Vision Costar, the pioneer in network-based video surveillance solutions, announces the addition of GT Reps, LLC to its Authorized Manufacturer's Representative Program. GT Reps will deliver pre-sales support across the US Great Lakes Region, which includes the states of Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, and Indiana. "We're excited to add GT Reps to our sales organization to broaden our coverage with skilled professionals," said Kyle Parker, Vice President, Americas, Arecont Vision Costar. "We have a well-established and growing customer base throughout the territory that will benefit from the quality pre-sales support that GT Reps will bring to the territory." Cost-Effective infrastructure solutions Our customers will benefit from the company's award-winning single-, dual-, and multi-sensor megapixel cameras"GT Reps is a manufacturer's representative agency based in Avon Lake, Ohio. The company brings strong knowledge of emerging standards and technology improvements to assist and guide customers in choosing cost-effective infrastructure solutions for datacom and security that will perform to the highest standards. "GT Reps is pleased to add Arecont Vision Costar and their Total Video Solution to our product portfolio," stated Leigh Taylor, Principal, GT Reps. "Our customers will benefit from the company's award-winning single-, dual-, and multi-sensor megapixel cameras, cloud-enabled video management system and web services, and cloud-managed video recorders for even the most demanding surveillance needs." Cyber-Secure video surveillance offerings John Bujarski, Arecont Vision Costar's Senior Sales Director, Eastern USA & Canada, agreed, "Leigh Taylor and the GT Reps team are already assisting customers and sales partners across the territory. We expect that they will be important members of the Arecont Vision Costar regional sales organization by increasing our pre-sales coverage throughout the region for years to come." Members of Arecont Vision Costar's Manufacturer's Representative Partner Program like GT Reps are focused on bringing the industry's best, cyber-secure video surveillance offerings to their assigned regions. Participants in the program extend the reach of Arecont Vision Costar by providing expert pre-sales assistance while interfacing with and educating customers, system integrators, and distributors on available solutions for even the most challenging video surveillance requirements.
Arecont Vision Costar Adds Apex Technology Sales To Its Authorized Manufacturer's Representative Program
Arecont Vision Costar, the provider of network-based video surveillance solutions, announces the addition of Apex Technology Sales, Inc. (Apex) to its Authorized Manufacturer's Representative Program. A proven and experienced representative agency, Apex will provide expert pre-sales assistance for Arecont Vision Costar's Total Video Solution offerings across the US North Central Region, including Minnesota, both North and South Dakota, and Western Wisconsin. "Mike Pride and his team at Apex are outstanding additions to our sales organization," said Kyle Parker, Vice President, Americas, Arecont Vision Costar. "Their commitment to their customers, demonstrated industry knowledge, and multi-faceted product experience will be of significant benefit to customers, industry consultants, and systems integrators seeking to learn about and deploy Arecont Vision Costar's Total Video Solution." Superior service and technical expertise Arecont Vision Costar and its Total Video Solution are the perfect video offerings for our clients"Established in 1992, Apex Technology Sales, Inc. is a multi-line manufacturer's representative agency for the leading manufacturers in the data communications, data center, and security markets. The company is committed to providing customers with superior service and technical expertise for the products that they represent, now to include Arecont Vision Costar. "Apex is extremely excited about representing Arecont Vision Costar in Minnesota, North and South Dakota, and Western Wisconsin," stated Michael Pride, Owner, Apex Technology Sales, Inc. "As the security industry moves further into the networking world, Arecont Vision Costar and its Total Video Solution are the perfect video offerings for our clients. The company is well known for its innovation and in leading the industry with cutting-edge technologies in video surveillance." Cloud-Enabled video surveillance solutions Participants in the program extend the reach of Arecont Vision Costar by providing expert pre-sales assistanceBen Barry, Regional Sales Director for Arecont Vision Costar agrees, "I look forward to working with Mike and his team, engaging together to demonstrate the ease of use, unmatched capabilities, and reliability of Arecont Vision Costar's wide range of Made in USA, world class, and cloud-enabled video surveillance solutions." Mr. Barry directs the entire Central Region, which includes the states represented by Apex and those by other Manufacturer's Representative Partner Program member firms. Apex and the other members of Arecont Vision Costar's Manufacturer's Representative Partner Program are focused on bringing the industry's best, cyber-secure video surveillance offerings to their assigned regions. Participants in the program extend the reach of Arecont Vision Costar by providing expert pre-sales assistance while interfacing with and educating customers, system integrators, and distributors on available solutions for even the most challenging video surveillance requirements.
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Sea Sessions, the Quiksilver Expression Sessions, and Seán's Sessions!
It was a big weekend in Bundoran with the SEA SESSIONS event taking over the town!
Not alone were we entertained with top notch acts like, The Villagers, Grandmaster flash, Japanese Popstars, and Ziggy Marley to name a few….. but there was also the QUIKSILVER EXPRESSIONS SESSION , ASP Europe sanctioned specialty event!!
Alan Stokes won the Quiksilver Expression Session by pulling off a massive air-reverse to claim the 3,500 Euro first prize in peaky 3-4ft at Tullan Strand Bundoran.
Cain Kilcullen got best local performance to earn himself a wildcard in the Relentless Boardmasters this August, go on ya boyooo, see you there!
BEST LOCAL PERFORMANCE; Cain Kilcullen.
Here are a few shots from the comp! SOrry didnt shoot much of the music as my feet couldn't stop moving! I got some footage from the event so ill put it up in the next few days too! stay tuned………..!
Going to be hitting the road north for Sea Sessions. Its going to be a fun weekend! Hope to see a few of you at it and I hope for a few of these too!
GoPro Ireland CHARITY Raffle for Medical Aid in Africa.
CHANCE TO WIN GoPro HD Helmet Hero worth €350!!!
Donate €10 (1 raffle ticket) or €20 (3 raffle tickets) to be in to win.
My good friend has gotten a beautiful new board from the one of the best shapers in Ireland Alan Reardon in Kerry. She is an amazing looking board, I recon ill let the pics do the talking! Happy riding shane and remember to obied by the RETRO RULES of Ireland!! PLEASE FEEL FREE TO SLAP SHANE IF YOU SEE HIM BREAKING ANY OF THE FOLLOWING RULES!
3. Every board in the retro surfers quiver shall be hand shaped to the specification of the retro surfer.
4. The retro surfer's quiver shall have at least one board over 9ft and at least 5 boards from one 1 to 5 fins.
6. Fins shall always be glassed in.
9. Black 3mm split toe boats are allowed to wear when surfing a reef breaks with urchins.
10. A prominent line where one's wetsuit ends and where one's deep tan begins is essential to one's image. Artificial tanning is BANNED. The tan shall reflect the level of commitment.
11. One shall NEVER, under any circumstances, acknowledge the presence of a surfer riding a pop out or a machine (Chinese) shaped costing less than 350€ in ANY public place. This may be severely detrimental to one's image. If such a situation cannot be helped, it is CRITICAL that the Retro Surfer regard his "acquaintance" with a patrician mixture of disdain and SEVERE condescension.
12. One shall NEVER, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCE, associate with bodyboarders. This cannot be overemphasized!
13. Motivational music shall consist of ukulele inspired or jack Johnson style guitar music.' NO EXCEPTIONS.
ii. "Train the mind, body and soul" with Morning of the Earth Style videos.
15. The Retro surfer shall NEVER acknowledge that the surf he/she surfed was poor or be seen with other surfers in poor (onshore, rain and crowded) conditions. The waves are ALWAYS of prime quality and uncrowded when the Retro Surfer surfs.
ii. Lie and say one surfed somewhere else.
iii. Explain that one had to work and didn't surf.
iv. Smile and walk off.
18. When the Retro Surfer predicts surf it should ONLY be done by looking at ISOBAR charts and pure feel. The Retro Surfer has the skill and knowledge and don't need to use such simple tools as surf forecasting on the Internet. MAGICSEAWEED, SURFLINE, WINDGURU are BANNED. NO EXCEPTIONS! The Retro Surfer is ONLY allowed to use the internet to discuss boards on the SWAYLOCK forum or other local equivalent.
ii: One is there to refuel and pamper the retro surfer with food and drink.
20: New School surf videos are banned, especially anything produced by Taylor Steele except if the Malloy brothers are in the movie.
Yoga, spearfish, play guitar, shape boards, use paddleboards, and take photos and paint. Any other from of activity is frowned upon and should be avoided. Swimming is allowed if the retro surfer also believes one is a waterman.
23: The Retro Surfer shall always where a BLACK wetsuit with ZIPPER in the BACK. Coloured suits are banned. Exceptions are only allowed if the suit is bought or from the 80′s.
24: ASTRODECK Tailpads and decks are allowed to use by the RETRO Surfer any other brand is BANNED.
25: The Retro Surfer's Surfboard shall always have a coloured SPRAY. White boards are allowed if the RETRO surfer has or intend to paint the board at some point.
26: The retro surfer is banned the use of surf corporate webcams that display the status of the surf (Tubes webcam as example). However it is allowed for the Retro surfer to access non surf industry webcams that by mistake show surf or conditions indicating such. This is a way for the Retro surfer's to express ones non corporate approach to surfing.
27: The Retro Surfer is banned to attend Surf Schools, lessons or teach other people to surf. Riding a surfboard with style is not something that can be taught to a fellow non retro surfer.
29. The retro surfer shall always behave in a calm and collected manner when seeing surf conditions above average. One must not express joy or happiness. Hooting at big set waves that closes out on top of the retro surfers is banned. NO EXCEPTIONS!
30: The retro surfer shall preferably have facial hair aka beard, the longer the better. Blond highlights in the hair should be natural, artificial bleaching is BANNED.
31: The retro surfer shall endeavour to portray oneself in an arty and environmental friendly manner and preferably have photos capturing this, perception is the key factor.


text:
The Santa experience this year is a mix of laps, distancing
Santa is back this year, but he's asking people to be cautious as he continues to tiptoe through the pandemic. There are fewer available Santas this year, which means some are busier than ever. Where it's allowed, some malls and big-box stores are offering Santa's guests a choice of full contact or social distance. Many of the snow globes and barriers set up last year are coming down. About 8.9 million U.S. households are expected to visit Santa in person this year, with virtual visits still a big option. That's up from 6.1 million last year but fewer than the 10 million who paid the Jolly Old Elf a visit in 2019.
As tourism brightens, Times Square hopes to regain luster
Even as visitors again crowd below the jumbo screens in New York's Times Square, the souvenir shops, restaurants, hotels and entrepreneurs within the iconic U.S. landmark are still reeling from a staggering pandemic. With vaccinated foreign tourists now welcomed back into the United States, New York City is hoping a stream of moneyed travelers will hasten the area's economic comeback. A media blitz is underway to remind the vaccinated world […]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Unclejackia crispifolia är en bladmossart som beskrevs av Ignatov, T. Koponen och J.C. Norris 1999. Unclejackia crispifolia ingår i släktet Unclejackia och familjen Brachytheciaceae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Egentliga bladmossor
crispifolia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Are you an innovative startup that is operating in the industries of Commerce? Then Startupbootcamp Commerce team invites you to our Office Hours.
The Startupbootcamp Commerce accelerator program, based in Amsterdam, will be in Warsaw on the 22nd of October to meet and mentor the most ambitious Commerce startups. During the Office Hours, you will be able to have an informal meeting with the Startupbootcamp Commerce team. Together, we will look at your idea, product, and team, and you will get feedback and answers to your most burning entrepreneurial questions. You will also have a chance to find out more about the Amsterdam-based accelerator program that kicks off in February.
We invite mainly B2B and B2G startups (at least in the MVP/prototype phase) and scale-ups to join us.
You will learn about the program and get exposed to the Startupbootcamp ecosystem.
After you have submitted your application for the event, we will get back to you to arrange a time to meet on the 22nd of October.


text:
Gale E. Christianson
Born 1942-06-29 Charles City, IA (USA)
Hiawassee, GA (USA)
Christianson was a distinguished historian of science who taught at Indiana State University. He is probably best known for widely admired biographies of Isaac Newton, Edwin Hubble, and Nebraska's own Loren Eiseley. In writing his Eiseley biography, Fox at the Wood's Edge, he tracked down and interviewed or corresponded with all the surviving family members, writers, fellow students, and colleagues in Anthropology who knew Eiseley at just the moment when they were passing from the scene.
All of Christianson's research materials for the Eiseley biography are in the Heritage Room's Christianson-Eiseley Collection. He corresponded or spoke with Nebraska literary figures who knew Eiseley, such as Rudolph Umland, Wilbur Gaffney, Wright Morris, and Dorothy Thomas, as well as with writers like W.H. Auden and Ray Bradbury.
Christianson is not a Nebraska author by the usual criteria, but became so closely connected with so many Nebraska writers that he has to be included in the database. After finishing his biography of Eiseley, he returned to the state to write a history of a 1912 Nebraska State Penitentiary jailbreak that Eiseley remembered in All the Strange Hours. Christianson's book is The Last Posse: A Jailbreak, a Manhunt, and the End of Hang-'Em-High Justice, 2001.
Charles City, IA
Hiawassee, GA
History; History of Science; Biography
Bachelor of Arts Degree, 1964, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
Master of Arts Degree, 1966, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA
Doctor of Arts Degree, 1971, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
Professor of Science
Places Worked
North Iowa Area Community College, Mason City, IA
Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN
Professor Emeritus, Indiana State University
NOVA special on Isaac Newton
American History Association
American Committee of Irish Scholars
Phi Alpha Theta
This Wild Abyss: The Story of the Men Who Made Modern Astronomy. 1978.
In the Presence of the Creator: Isaac Newton and His Times. 1984.
Fox at the Wood's Edge: A Biography of Loren Eiseley. 1990.
Writing Lives Is the Devil!: Essays of a Biographer at Work. 1994.
Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the Nebulae. 1995.
Greenhouse: The 200-Year Story of Global Warming. 1999.
The Last Posse: A Jailbreak, a Manhunt, and the End of Hang-'Em-High Justice. 2001.
gale-e-christianson


We are satisfied with our top list of the best aerial photography drone. Our team created an unbiased and trustworthy rating for those people who are buying their very first aerial photography drone. Products from the list below are rated according to such aspects as price, material, weight, and other important details. Believe us, these aerial photography drone are worth their money! However, you should make your own research to be sure that you are making the right purchase.
Marketplace offers many great aerial photography drone from various manufacturers. We have tested some of the best options and created our own rating. Select a aerial photography drone you like from the list below and order it right away!
View a live image streamed from 7-inch fpv screen, configure various camera parameters with the controller. Super smooth 2.7k video and 12mp still definitely very usable footage for recreational purposes. The 3 in 1 controller enables a wide variety of flight modes, you can initiate position hold, altitude hold and the return flight with the click of a button. Consistently 19 minutes flight time with 5400mah flight battery, giving users superior flight distance of 1000m. The rth works 100% to provide a secured flight of low battery failsafe and lost control failsafe.
How to find out whether is aerial photography drone that I am buying is good?
Marketplace provides a myriad of convenient features to help you compare and choose aerial photography drone. It also aggregates thousands of reviews from people all over the world. Always read them before choosing a aerial photography drone!
Long range & flight time up to 15 minutes flight time.720p real time fpv (first person view) great drone for beginners. Also includes advanced remote control technology, no smartphone required, out of range alarm, emergency landing function, and low battery alarm will keep the pilot and your altair drone safe. Easy to fly – the altair quadcopter is easily piloted & has headless mode, altitude hold & 1-button takeoff & landing. This is a great drone with camera for kids, beginners and pro pilots, easy to fly indoors as well. Great for all ages & skill levels – 3 flight skill levels: 1 (great for kids & beginners).2 mid level.3 advanced, comes with bonus battery for extra flight time.
High quality 720p rubber-damping camera drone with realtime video: the aerial aa818 plus comes with a 120 degree wide-angle 720p hd camera that takes amazing photos ad videos with fpv. Stable flight & durable construction for long lasting fun. The altair also has custom route modes, use your smartphone to draw a custom flight line on your mobile screen and the drone will fly according to your flight line.
What exactly I should pay my special attention to when choosing a aerial photography drone?
As you might have guessed, the weight of a aerial photography drone is one of the main factor to consider. Another important aspects is its material. If the aerial photography drone is assembled well, it will serve you for many years.
Wi-fi fpv 720p hd camera: equipped with 720p hd camera to take aerial photos and videos. Images and videos will be stored in both the app and the mobile album system. App control system: operate your drone through an app after connecting the wi-fi to your phone (ios or android), offering you real-time image transmission, easy to shoot and read, fun to share. One key start/ landing: allows players of any level (beginners intermediates experts) to fly the drone easily with perfect control and wonderful performance. Offering release date: 2017/8/12. Foldable structure: foldable & flexible blades make the drone small and portable. Also provides a better and safer flight experience.
What are the price limits for decent aerial photography drone?
The price of a aerial photography drone should never be the determining factor. Even if you are able to afford the most expensive model, you might do not actually need it. aerial photography dronein the average price range can cover all your needs and save you a few bucks at the same time.
Featuring dji ocusync which surpasses the quality of wi fi. This beach camera exclusive bundle features the dji mavic pro quadcopter drone with 4k camera and wi-fi. 4k ultra hd video at 30fps and 27 minutes of fly time. Included in the box: mavic pro, remote controller, intelligent flight battery, propeller pair, gimbal clamp, charger, power cable.16gb microsd card, micro usb cable, rc cable (lightning connector & standard), rc cable slider, manuals. Bundle includes: mavic pro, mavic pro 3pc filter kit dc-fk3-mvc, aluminum custom fit carrying case for dji mavic pro, folding propellers for dji mavic pro (black) vmp-003, propeller guards for dji mavic pro (black) vmp-004, landing gear for dji mavic pro (black) vmp-005, micro fiber cloth, cleaning kit.
Gps assisted flight features let you concentrate on getting great images while the drone helps you fly safely. You can achieve advanced camera perspectives with the point of interest, follow me and waypoints modes (pending app feature availability). A range of accessories is included: 1 battery and charger.2 full sets of propellers, radio controller.8gb micro sd card. View a live image streamed from the drone up to a half mile away on the free dji go app using your mobile phone or tablet. Fly up to 25 minutes with the included intelligent battery. 2.7k video and 12mp stills from the 3-axis stabilized integrated camera makes the phantom 3 standard a strong value. Enjoy the view: a live video feed gives you a 720p hd real-time view of what your camera sees right on your mobile device.
Comes with three batteries: flight time up to 20 minutes total. All contixo products carry one year USA based manufacture warranty with live support 7/24. One touch take off and landing: drone automatically hovers at a set altitude after take off and before landing making it easy to control and maneuver, especially for beginners who are not yet skilled. One key return: the fun and easy return feature allows users to automatically return the quadcopter drone midflight back to the user with a touch of a button. Altitude hold function: super easy drone for beginners to fly: makes controlling the drone a breeze for beginners and stabilizes aerial photography. This is the ideal beginner drone with a lot of the latest features typically found on higher end models. Headless mode: automatically adjust the takeoff forward direction of the f5 quadcopter drone with the headless feature. This enable easy learning and can be used on uneven ground.
One key take-off & landing: the quadcopter will take off and hovers at a certain altitude or land gently on the ground automatically by pressing the button, makes the drone easier to fly and control for any level of players. First person view & vr glasses: equipped with vr glasses, provides an amazing visual fidelity and outstanding 3d experience. You can enjoy first person view real time live video directly with it. Headless mode: once activated, the pilot is able to fly the drone to any location without worry about which direction the drone is facing. Altitude hold mode: when you release the throttle stick and the mini drone will be locked at a certain height, which makes controlling the drone much easier and stabilizes the camera for aerial photography and videography. Super suitable for beginners, kids and hobby users.
Headless mode,: players of any level can operate drone easily, great choice for drone beginner. One hot key,: one key take off, landing.360 roll, return, master a variety of cool skills easily. Automatic height hold,: the powerful barometric altitude hold function allows you to release the throttle lever, built-in 6-axis gyro to make the aerial picture more stable and clear. 2.4ghz wifi fpv,: 2.4ghz technology adopted for anti-interference; with the built-in wifi module, you can see exactly what your camera sees with a live video on your mobile device by installing the app (compatible with ios and android).
Advance headless mode new "headless" (ioc) flight mode, makes flying much easier than before. Headless mode eliminates the need for a "nose", as it can be flown in any direction regardless of which end is in front or back. 6-axis flight control system with adjustable sensitivity. The latest 6-axis flight control system is easier than ever to control, with stronger wind resistance, and greater stability. Low voltage alarm when the battery power of the drone is low, the controller will alarm the pilot to fly the drone back to avoid crash. Wifi fpv with tiltable 720p hd camera are tuned amazingly to capture stunning pictures and videos from the sky 720p hd tilt camera can be positioned to help capture the best hd 720p video at 30 fps or snap 1280 x 720 jpeg photos at ultra-wide angles. Stream live feed from your mobile device with the udirc-fpv app and experience your drones flight first hand.
3d 360 stunt rolls single touch stunts are perfect for beginner pilots. With one touch, the drone will perform a hands free 360 roll in any direction.
Bonus battery doubles flight time – 2 lipo flight batteries are included with this hd camera drone to extend the fun. Auto return & one key stunt – auto return feature alerts the remote control drone to reverse its previous course to help navigate its way back to the remote, reducing the risk of a lost flying drone. Also comes with easy to use one key 3d 360 degree rolling stunts and tricks to make your flight even more impressive. Fpv real-time transmission – this quadcopter drone is equipped with 2mp hd camera to record aerial videos 720p hd or snap jpeg photos up to 1600×1200 to the 4.3″ lcd fpv display for real time drone footage. Feel as if you were in the drone yourself with your new photo and video footage. Stabilized drone with auto hovering (pro feature) – the altitude holding will allow the rc quadcopter drone to suspend in mid air even with your hands off the joystick, for hands-free hovering. Easy, stable flight experience makes this a perfect drone for beginners, kids, starters, newbies, etc.
What if a receive a wrong item instead of the aerial photography drone I ordered?
If you were unlucky enough to get a wrong or broken product, use electronic mail or international telephone to contact the customer support team. They will help you to return your money or get the right aerial photography drone.
Should I get a aerial photography drone with a lifetime warranty?
Companies that make aerial photography droneoffer all kinds of warranties for any taste. Usually, cheap models have only a 6-month warranty or do not have it at all. Average users recommend choosing a aerial photography drone with a two-year warranty, but we believe that the five-year warranty is much better and safer. At the same time, our team would not recommend you to buy models with a lifetime warranty since the vast majority of them is significantly overpriced.
What are the risks of buying a aerial photography drone online?
Many people use online shopping every day. It is absolutely safe because you are secured by layers of customer protection programs. You are not risking anything by ordering a aerial photography drone since you can easily return it and receive your money back. We see no reason to worry while ordering goods online — it is a convenient, cheap, quick, and, of course, safe method of shopping.


This article is part of the series "A simple interpreter from scratch in Python".
So far, we've written a lexer and a parser combinator library for our interpreter. In this part, we'll create the abstract syntax tree (AST) data structures, and we'll write a parser using our combinator library which will convert the list of tokens returned by the lexer into an AST. Once we have parsed the AST, executing the program will be very easy.
Before we can actually start writing our parsers, we need to define the data structures that will be the output of our parser. We will do this with classes. Every syntactic element of IMP will have a corresponding class. Objects of these classes will represent nodes in the AST.
There are three kinds of structures in IMP: arithmetic expressions (used to compute numbers), Boolean expressions (used to compute conditions for if- and while-statements), and statements. We will start with arithmetic expressions, since the other two elements depend on them.
Binary operations, such as x + 42. These are made out of other arithmetic expressions.
We can also group expressions together with parenthesis (like (x + 2) * 3. This isn't a different kind of expression so much as a different way to parse the expression.
We will define three classes for these forms, plus a base class for arithmetic expressions in general. For now, the classes won't do much except contain data. We will include a __repr__ method, so we can print out the AST for debugging. All AST classes will subclass Equality so we can check if two AST objects are the same. This helps with testing.
Boolean expressions are a little more complicated. There are four kinds of Boolean expressions.
The left and right sides of a relational expression are arithmetic expressions. The left and right sides of an "and", "or", or "not" expression are Boolean expressions. Restricting the type like this helps us avoid nonsensical expressions like "x < 10 and 30".
Statements can contain both arithmetic and Boolean expressions. There are four kinds of statements: assignment, compound, conditional, and loop.
Now that we have our AST classes and a convenient set of parser combinators, it's time to write our parser. When writing a parser, it's usually easiest to start with the most basic structures of the language and work our way up.
The first parser we'll look at is the keyword parser. This is just a specialized version of the Reserved combinator using the RESERVED tag that all keyword tokens are tagged with. Remember, Reserved matches a single token where both the text and tag are the same as the ones given.
keyword is actually a combinator because it is a function that returns a parser. We will use it directly in other parsers though.
The id parser is used to match variable names. It uses the Tag combinator, which matches a token with the specified tag.
The num parser is used to match integers. It works just like id, except we use the Process combinator (actually the ^ operator, which calls Process) to convert the token into an actual integer value.
Parsing arithmetic expressions is not particularly simple, but since we need to parse arithmetic expressions in order to parse Boolean expressions or statements, we will start there.
We'll first define the aexp_value parser, which will convert the values returned by num and id into actual expressions.
We're using the | operator here, which is a shorthand for the Alternate combinator. So this will attempt to parse an integer expression first. If that fails, it will try to parse a variable expression.
You'll notice that we defined aexp_value as a zero-argument function instead of a global value, like we did with id and num. We'll do the same thing with all the other parsers. The reason is that we don't want the code for each parser to be evaluated right away. If we defined every parser as a global, each parser would not be able to reference parsers that come after it in the same source file, since they would not be defined yet. This would make recursive parsers impossible to define, and the source code would be awkward to read.
Next, we'd like to support grouping with parenthesis in our arithmetic expressions. Although grouped expressions don't require their own AST class, they do require another parser to handle them.
process_group is a function we use with the Process combinator (^ operator). It just discards the parenthesis tokens and returns the expression in between. aexp_group is the actual parser. Remember, the + operator is shorthand for the Concat combinator. So this will parse '(', followed by an arithmetic expression (parsed by aexp, which we will define soon), followed by ')'. We need to avoid calling aexp directly since aexp will call aexp_group, which would result in infinite recursion. To do this, we use the Lazy combinator, which defers the call to aexp until the parser is actually applied to some input.
Next, we combine aexp_value and aexp_group using aexp_term. An aexp_term expression is any basic, self-contained expression where we don't have to worry about operator precedence with respect to other expressions.
The parser needs to be aware of operator precedence, and it needs to group together operations with higher precedence.
We will define a few helper functions in order to make this work.
process_binop is what actually constructs BinopAexp objects. It takes any arithmetic operator and returns a function that combines a pair of expressions using that operator.
process_binop will be used with the Exp combinator (* operator). Exp parses a list of expressions with a separator between each pair of expressions. The left operand of Exp is a parser that will match individual elements of the list (arithmetic expressions in our case). The right operand is a parser that will match the separators (operators). No matter what separator is matched, the right parser will return a function which, given the matched separator, returns a combining function. The combining function takes the parsed expressions to the left and right of the separator and returns a single, combined expression. Confused yet? We'll go through the usage of Exp shortly. process_binop is actually what will be returned by the right parser.
Next, we'll define our precedence levels and a combinator to help us deal with them.
any_operator_in_list takes a list of keyword strings and returns a parser that will match any of them. We will call this on aexp_precedence_levels, which contains a list of operators for each precedence level (highest precedence first).
precedence is the real meat of the operation. Its first argument, value_parser is a parser than can read the basic parts of an expression: numbers, variables, and groups. That will be aexp_term. precedence_levels is a list of lists of operators, one list for each level. We'll use aexp_precedence_levels for this. combine will take a function which, given an operator, returns a function to build a larger expression out of two smaller expressions. That's process_binop.
Inside precedence, we first define op_parser which, for a given precedence level, reads any operator in that level and returns a function which combines two expressions. op_parser can be used as the right-hand argument of Exp. We start by calling Exp with op_parser for the highest precedence level, since these operations need to be grouped together first. We then use the resulting parser as the element parser (Exp's left argument) at the next level. After the loop finishes, the resulting parser will be able to correctly parse any arithmetic expression.
How does this work in practice? Let's work it through.
E0 is the same as value_parser. It can parse numbers, variables, and groups, but no operators. E1 can parse expressions containing anything E0 can match, separated by operators in the first precedence level. So E1 could match a * b / c, but it would raise an error as soon as it encountered a + operator. E2 can match expressions E2 can match, separated by operators in the next precedence level. Since we only have two precedence levels, E2 can match any arithmetic expression we support.
Let's do an example. We'll take a complicated arithmetic expression, and gradually replace each part by what matches it.
We probably could have defined precedence in a less abstract way, but its strength is that it applies to any situation where operator precedence is a problem. We will use it again to parse Boolean expressions.
process_relop is just a function that we use with the Process combinator. It just takes three concatenated values and creates a RelopBexp out of them. In bexp_relop, we parse two arithmetic expressions (aexp), separated by a relational operator. We use our old friend any_operator_in_list so we don't have to write a case for every operator. There is no need to use combinators like Exp or precedence since relational expressions can't be chained together in IMP like they can in other languages.
Next, we define the not expression. not is a unary operation with high precedence. This makes it much easier to parse than and and or expressions.
Here, we just concatenate the keyword not with a Boolean expression term (which we will define next). Since bexp_not will be used to define bexp_term, we need to use the Lazy combinator to avoid infinite recursion.
We define bexp_group and bexp_term pretty much the same way we did for the arithmetic equivalents. Nothing new here.
Next, we need to define expressions which include the and and or operators. These operators actually work the same way arithmetic operators do; both are evaluated left to right, and and has higher precedence.
Just like process_binop, process_logic is intended to be used with the Exp combinator. It takes an operator and returns a function which combines two sub-expressions into an expression using that operator. We pass this along to precedence, just like we did with aexp. Writing generic code pays off here, since we don't have to repeat the complicated expression processing code.
With aexp and bexp finished, we can start parsing IMP statements. We'll start with the humble assignment statement.
Nothing particularly interesting for this one. Next, we'll look at stmt_list. This will parse a series of statements separated by semicolons.
Remember, we need to use the Exp combinator here instead of doing something simple like stmt() + keyword(';') + stmt() to avoid left recursion.
The only complexity here is the fact that the else-clause is optional. This makes the process function a little more complicated.
You'll notice that both the if and while statements use stmt_list for their bodies rather than stmt. stmt_list is actually our top level definition. We can't have stmt depend directly on stmt_list, since this would result in a left recursive parser. And since we want if and while statements to be able to have compound statements for their bodies, we use stmt_list directly.
parser will parse an entire program. A program is just a list of statements, but the Phrase combinator ensures that we use every token in the file, rather than ending prematurely if there is are garbage tokens at the end.
imp_parse is the function that clients will call to parse a program. It takes the full list of tokens, calls parser, starting with the first token, and returns the resulting AST.
This should provide a good sandbox for experimentation.
In this article, we built a parser combinator library from scratch and used it to write a parser for IMP. In the next and final article in the series, we'll write an evaluator for our parsed AST.
Once again, all the source code for the interpreter is available for download.


Greg Cote loves his friends, to begin with. There can be no doubt whatsoever about that. So much does he love friends and friendship that he went on his first tour, LONG before he was ready to do so, simply to so he could finally meet a long time internet pal. That weeklong trip around Texas changed Greg forever. When he got home he kept writing and kept trying his best to put the sounds in his head out into the world. When the sounds became too numerous and intense for just one person he called his real-life friend Jolene who he had secretly wanted to be in a band with for ages. Jolene is a top shelf bassist and all around solid human the match just made sense. Greg happened to run into Moe while attending a midnight showing of Space Jam and that just seemed to perfect of a meeting to not invite him to be in the band right then and there. They played their first show as a full band July 30th, 2016 and since then the jams have flowed like a river. For us it's about the music bIt'sits also about the people. It's about real connections. Its about loving the people and things you love with no sense of irony or shame. Lets all be Real Life Friends.


text:
After The Reported Death Of An 8th Child, IKEA Is Recalling Millions Of Dressers Again
by Jen McGuire
Another child has reportedly died as a result of a dresser that was not properly anchored to the wall. According to ABC News, a 2-year-old boy in California was crushed during his afternoon nap by a dresser from IKEA, and is now the eighth child to have died due to the MALM dresser. As the number of injuries has continued to rise throughout the country, IKEA has reissued a recall on the MALM dresser.
According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 90 children have been injured by the dresser and IKEA has reported 186 tip-over incidents. The reissued recall by IKEA, which was initially announced in June 2016, includes the following models:
MALM 3-drawer
This is the second reported tip-over incident that has reportedly resulted in the death of a toddler in the last six months; in May, a toddler in California was crushed by a MALM dresser that was not properly anchored to the wall, according to CNN. The outlet noted that there were 17.3 million recalled dressers sold online and in IKEA stores between January 2002 and June 2016.
The recalled dressers include child dressers taller than 23.5 inches and adult dressers taller than 29.5 inches. IKEA has been actively trying to spread the message that these dressers are not safe for use unless properly anchored, and is offering several remedies to either replace the faulty dressers or have a free in-home anchoring service upon request.
An IKEA representative told Romper in an email that the company is working with the CPSC to re-announce last year's chest of drawer recall "in order to ask anyone with an IKEA chest of drawers that is not safely secured to the wall to take immediate action." The statement continued:
The most recent incident has indicated to us that there is more work to be done in spreading the message. IKEA and the CPSC want every consumer who has a recalled dresser to hear the message and participate in one of the solutions we are offering ... IKEA chests of drawers are safe when attached to the wall per the assembly instructions.
If parents find that they have one of recalled dressers and it is not attached to the wall, the company advised in the statement that they should "immediately" do the following:
Attach it to the wall or move it to another place where it can't be accessed by a child.
Bring the dresser back to IKEA — or contact the company to have it picked —for a full refund, if you do not want to attach it to the wall.
If you do want to keep your IKEA dresser, contact the company for a wall attachment kit. "We'll even come to your home and secure it for you," IKEA told Romper in the statement.
If your IKEA dresser is attached to the wall properly, the company notes that "you do not need to take any action."
Visit IKEA.com/US if you have further questions and for more information on the recall and to access a full list of recalled dressers.
IKEA has put in some serious effort into getting the word out about the recalled dressers to keep children safe; according to the statement, the Swedish retailer has shared the message to more than 13 million customers via social media, email lists, television ads, as well as digital and print advertising. Because of this, IKEA reports that more than 1 million dressers have been returned for full refund.
According to a report by ABC News, a lawyer for the unnamed family of the most eighth child to die because of the recalled dresser plans to sue the Swedish furniture company. The lawyer told the news outlet that this family was not aware of the recall. Another mother who lost her son in 2014 as a result of being crushed by the recalled dresser, Jacquelyn Collas, sued the company at the time and was awarded $16.6 million in April as a Philadelphia judge deemed it a wrongful death, according to ABC News.
The most important issue at this stage is to spread the word, use social media, and make sure that everyone who might own a recalled dresser knows not to use it, and knows exactly what to do if they have one.