Painting is one of those things some people enjoy and some people find a chore to do. Painting is a hobby for some. A lot of people love to paint or is learning. So, if you are a beginner, there is a lot of things about painting you don't know. One of the most puzzling problems are choosing the right paint. Sometimes if you don't choose the right paint, it can really ruin all your hard work. There are many different types of paint in the market like oil based paint and latex acrylic paint. Many become confused over which one to choose. "Should I use oil based or acrylic?" is a common question. So this article will help you choose the right paint.
1. Do you work fast or slow?
Acrylic paint Pros: You can paint on anything.
This is one of the crucial things that make acrylics an important choice for beginners. Being able to set up everything quickly and start painting on anything is brilliant. Paper, card, canvas board, whatever you have at hand you can paint with this.
Now acrylic paint dry very quickly. Say you're about to start painting and you squeeze some paint out and then suddenly there's ring on your phone. When you comeback you'll see that the paint has already dried out. You take some more and before you begin there's a knock at your door, you go to check and by the time you return the paint has already dried. So that's a problem with this type of paint that they dry really quick.
Use a stay wet palette to keep the paints moist.
2. Blend or gard lines?
4. Do you like working with thick paint or thin layers?
5. Are you working in a small space?
Since oil paints stay wet for a lot longer than acrylics it gives you the flexibility to start a painting and then come back to it later and continue from where you left off. The paint on the palette will still be wet and pliable, the colors on your canvas can still be blended together. So you get a huge advantage.
Since oil is corrosive in nature (in oil paints) you have to work on a prepared canvas or board. If you are going to prepare the surface of the canvas yourself the preparation time can take a lot longer. You could always buy a pre-prepared canvas and get started right away.
The crisp edges that you can achieve with acrylics can be a huge benefit for you if you paint with a more graphic composition. You can mask out areas and work over them quickly and easily cover a hard shape with thicker paint. Mixing clean, bright colors very easily.
Blending with acrylics can be really frustrating since the speed of the drying time is quite high. If you are working on a large-scale it can be practically impossible to work the canvas as a whole to bring it all to the same finish together.
This is for a size of say 6ft x 4ft. If you are working smaller that this you can create some lovely blends.
You can however achieve smooth blends with acrylics if you just work quicker. Add a medium to the paint to help keep the working time open for longer. Use soft gel gloss, retarder (slows down drying time) or glazing liquid gloss.
Oil paints are number one when blending colors together. Because of the slow drying nature of oil paints they can be really fantastic for creating subtle blends.
Working wet-into-wet is a sure-fire way to get a smooth transition in your painting. This is particularly true for portrait painting when the slight shading of the face is needing constant revisiting. Adding slower drying oils to your paints create surfaces that can stay wet for weeks.
Oil Cons: Trying to create a crisp edge without it affecting the underlying colors with oils means you have to wait until the next day, or touch dry otherwise your brushstroke will pull and mix with the paint underneath it. It is very easy to mix 'muddy colors' when starting with oils due to everything staying wet and the colors mixing together on the canvas.
Solution: Experience teaches you to work cleanly.
Acrylics won't fade in time, the colors will look the same now as they will in 200 years. The binder in oil paint, oil goes yellow over time which causes the slight glow on old master paintings with acrylics they are colorfast. On the other hand, the binder – acrylic polymer doesn't yellow over time.
The binder used in acrylics is usually white but dries clear. Acrylics is clear, but still has a slight color shift. This means it seems lighter on the canvas when you first put in on, and then dries darker as the white binder turns clear.
This becomes really clear when painting portraits. When you think you've cracked the precise color, you turn around and the color has already changed. With practice, you can learn to judge to shift but it can be disconcerting when you're first beginning.
If you add more acrylic polymers to the paint, in the form of mediums the color shift will be even greater.
If you use student quality paints that have extra fillers added, which are often white, the color shift will be more pronounced.
Initially, oils stay the same color when painted on a canvas. However, once the color dries it can appear to change if the oil from the paint 'sinks in' to the canvas.
This can lead some areas being glossy (still have the oil in) and others staying matt (oil has soaked into the under layer) to produce a deader color. To overcome this, try to "oil out' the area of the painting you are working on. A paint surface can appear dull and is usually caused by too little oil in the paint film due to the absorption into the ground layer (or overuse of thinners such as turpentine).
Oil paints will have a slight yellow tinge to them due to the color of the oil (like olive oil) as oil dries over time through the process of oxidation additional yellowing takes place. This varies in degree depending on the binder used in the paint.
If you like the idea of using a palette knife and creating thick, impasto paintings, and acrylics could be the choice for you. You can paint thickly, build it up and the paint will dry. If you try to achieve the same with oils the outer surface will dry to the touch but the inner paint will still be wet.
You can also work very thinly with transparent glazes or very thickly with a mountain of paint but the actual surface quality of the acrylic remains flexible, this means your painting won't crack over time. You can use thin coats of acrylic paint to give a watercolor look to a picture.
If you have plenty of time set aside for your painting, oils can be fantastic. You can work with thick paint, wait a couple of days for that paint to dry then add thin glazes to create luminosity in your work.
If you are working with thick paint, you need to take into account the drying time of oils. Each particular pigment needs a different amount of oil mixed with it resulting in a different drying time,.
The solution: Add a siccative to the paint. A siccative is a medium that helps to speed up the drying process in oil paints.
Acrylics can be a great alternative to oils if you're working in a confined space are working with kids or in an unventilated area. You just need access to water. Acrylics have no smell and are non-toxic.
If your start painting with oils in a confined space the fumes from the thinners can really overwhelm you, turpentine and white spirit can be really strong. White spirit can also be irritating to the skin and turpentine rags can spontaneously combust. So, by now you should be able to decide which is better suited for you.
Latex acrylic paint have water soluble base thus may be easily applied and can be dried up within 1-2 hours. This kind of paint also produces less odor than the solvent paints. Oil-based paint on the other hand requires longer drying period around 24 hours. Moreover, oil-based paint produces strong odor.
Latex acrylic is also less expensive than the oil-based paint.
Latex acrylic paint is resistant to fading, chalking, blistering and peeling while oil-based paint may become brittle thus may lead to peeling and chalking. Blistering in oil-based paint may also appear over time.
Latex paint is preferred to be used in exterior painting as this kind of paint is less prone to fading. Oil-based paint is susceptible to mildew thus may not be preferred for exterior painting.
Latex acrylic paint is non-flammable while oil-based paint is highly flammable.
Latex acrylic paint may be easily disposed while oil-based paint cannot be easily disposed due to its hazardous material components. Turpentine is also required in cleaning up oil-based paint.
As they say, painting indeed is a remarkable way to bring life to a once dull space. While the right color is one of the major considerations for choosing, color is not entirely the basis for selecting paint. In choosing oil-based paint vs. latex acrylic paint, it would be wise to choose paint depending on the texture of your existing wall surface, how easily you like it to be cleaned up later on and the appearance that you like your walls to have. Ultimately, you need to wisely select how well the paint will last and wear in your walls.
Selecting the type of paint for your painting project may be a tough decision. The question to ask before choosing oil-based paint vs. latex acrylic paint really depends on your existing wall surface, how you prefer to clean it later on and the visual appearance that you like your walls to have.
Before selecting between oil-based paint vs. latex acrylic paint, one must understand first the advantages of each kind of paint versus one another.
Oil-based paints are better stain sealers compared to latex paint where stains can easily penetrate.
Oil based paints are better for holding unto steel, metal and dirty surfaces while latex should rather be applied to clean surfaces since the paint does not stick unto dirty and chalking surface.
Oil based paint usually are more resistant to low temperature thus are less susceptible to shrinkage compared to latex that is more sensitive to temperature thus is vulnerable to shrinkage.
Oil based paint may be used in high foot traffic areas due to its durability and the capability to be cleaned. Latex on the other hand must rather be used in non-high traffic areas such as the bedroom.
In works of art, amateur painters care less on what kind of paint they will use while the professional ones are keen on choosing their equipments and materials for painting. Paint is a mixture of liquid. It is used in art application and designs. Two popular types of paint are acrylic and latex. Though both looks and works the same, there are certain differences that shouldn't be overlooked. Originally, latex paints are made by rubber. They are produced from a certain Brazilian rubber tree named Hevea Brasiliensis. Now, they are produced with only water or chemical-based paints and are mixed with different pigments as well as additives that act as the binders. Acrylic latex, on the other hand, contains acrylic or vinyl binders instead of water. There is a big debate on whether which kind of paint should be used. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Here are the following differences that you can use in deciding on which one is better:1. The main difference of the two is that latex paint is water-based while acrylic is chemical-based. Latex paint is non-toxic while acrylic is composed of different chemicals which give a less odor for the first one mentioned.
2. Elasticity is one property of acrylic paint that latex doesn't have due to natural- based components. The elasticity of acrylic allows the paint to contract and expand more so it is better to use it on exterior surfaces. Also, it resists chalking, flaking and peeling for a long period of time.
3. Latex paints are non-flammable compared to chemical-based paints. The solvents used in acrylic paint are considered toxic waste and are usually high-flammable which is kind of dangerous nowadays.
4. Acrylic paint is great on applying to interior surfaces. However, latex paint is better in having gloss and is easier to apply. The bad thing is, the more gloss, the more the imperfections can be seen and it can be quite difficult to have a touch up after applied.
5. Latex paints have a faster drying time compared to acrylic paints.
6. For cost, acrylic paint is more expensive compared to latex paints. But let's also bear in mind that the more expensive the product is the better quality it can give.
7. In the area of clean-up, latex wins over acrylic. Latex can be easily washed by simple soap and water while acrylic needs a lot of things like thinner, etc.
With the differences mentioned, it is obvious to see that in terms of cost and nature-friendliness, latex paint is the one we should depend on but in terms of painting expertise, acrylic is the better one. Acrylic is always considered as the highest quality latex paint and it is composed of properties like durability, flexibility, opacity as well as color-retention. Nevertheless, it's still the user's choice on which one he or she thinks is better.


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Home » IANS » Government hints at incentives for resumption of film, TV production
Government hints at incentives for resumption of film, TV production
Mumbai, July 7 (IANS) Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting Prakash Javadekar has announced that the government will soon issue Standard Operating Procedures to boost resumption of film production, at a time when the nation is witnessing the unlocking phase after the lockdown.
"To accelerate the restart of filmmaking that had come to a standstill as a result of COVID, we are also coming up with incentives of production in all sectors, including TV serials, film-making, co-production, animation, gaming. We will be announcing these measures shortly," the minister said on Tuesday, while speaking at the 21st edition of FICCI Frames.
Owing to the COVID- 19, this year the annual event was held virtually instead of being organised near Powai Lake, where it normally takes place.
The FICCI Frames Virtual Summit will continue till July 11.
As the nation witnesses a phased opening up of the Covid-19 induced lockdown, film industries across the country prepare to get back to action.
On Tuesday, Bollywood actress Taapsee Pannu took to Instagram Stories to announce she was back at work. She gave a glimpse of her make-up vanity room, sharing that she has started shooting amid the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.
"Let's do this. #BackToWork," Taapsee captioned the image.
Also on Tuesday evening, trade analyst Taran Adarsh announced that a new Bengali film titled "SOS Kolkata" will be going on floors on Wednesday. The film starring Yash, Nusrat Jahan, Mimi Chakraborty, Sabyasachi Chakraborty and Shantilal Mukherjee in key roles, is slated for a Durga Puja release this year.
In Mumbai, Ekta Kapoor recently resumed shooting for her daily soap "Naagin 4".
abh/vnc
Legendary musician Ghulam Mustafa Khan passes away, music industry pays tribute
Bank credit to manufacturing muted amid pandemic

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January 31, 2016 by Sana 17 Comments
Insurgent by Veronica Roth
young adult sci-fi dystopian thriller published by Katherine Tegen Books on May 3rd, 2012
second book in Divergent trilogy
One choice can transform you-or it can destroy you. But every choice has consequences, and as unrest surges in the factions all around her, Tris Prior must continue trying to save those she loves-and herself-while grappling with haunting questions of grief and forgiveness, identity and loyalty, politics and love.
Tris's initiation day should have been marked by celebration and victory with her chosen faction; instead, the day ended with unspeakable horrors. War now looms as conflict between the factions and their ideologies grows. And in times of war, sides must be chosen, secrets will emerge, and choices will become even more irrevocable-and even more powerful. Transformed by her own decisions but also by haunting grief and guilt, radical new discoveries, and shifting relationships, Tris must fully embrace her Divergence, even if she does not know what she may lose by doing so.
Review: Divergent by Veronica Roth
November 12, 2015 by Sana 6 Comments
Divergent by Veronica Roth
first book in Divergent trilogy
In Beatrice Prior's dystopian Chicago world, society is divided into five factions, each dedicated to the cultivation of a particular virtue—Candor (the honest), Abnegation (the selfless), Dauntless (the brave), Amity (the peaceful), and Erudite (the intelligent). On an appointed day of every year, all sixteen-year-olds must select the faction to which they will devote the rest of their lives. For Beatrice, the decision is between staying with her family and being who she really is—she can't have both. So she makes a choice that surprises everyone, including herself.
During the highly competitive initiation that follows, Beatrice renames herself Tris and struggles alongside her fellow initiates to live out the choice they have made. Together they must undergo extreme physical tests of endurance and intense psychological simulations, some with devastating consequences. As initiation transforms them all, Tris must determine who her friends really are—and where, exactly, a romance with a sometimes fascinating, sometimes exasperating boy fits into the life she's chosen. But Tris also has a secret, one she's kept hidden from everyone because she's been warned it can mean death. And as she discovers unrest and growing conflict that threaten to unravel her seemingly perfect society, she also learns that her secret might help her save those she loves . . . or it might destroy her.
March 31, 2015 by Sana 3 Comments
The Walls Around Us by Nova Ren Suma
young adult paranormal thriller published by Algonquin Young Readers on March 24th, 2015
"Ori's dead because of what happened out behind the theater, in the tunnel made out of trees. She's dead because she got sent to that place upstate, locked up with those monsters. And she got sent there because of me."
On the outside, there's Violet, an eighteen-year-old dancer days away from the life of her dreams when something threatens to expose the shocking truth of her achievement.<
On the inside, within the walls of the Aurora Hills juvenile detention center, there's Amber, locked up for so long she can't imagine freedom.
Tying their two worlds together is Orianna, who holds the key to unlocking all the girls' darkest mysteries . . .
What really happened on the night Orianna stepped between Violet and her tormentors? What really happened on two strange nights at Aurora Hills? Will Amber and Violet and Orianna ever get the justice they deserve—in this life or in another one?
In prose that sings from line to line, Nova Ren Suma tells a supernatural tale of guilt and of innocence, and of what happens when one is mistaken for the other.
Review: The Conspiracy of Us by Maggie Hall
The Conspiracy of Us by Maggie Hall
young adult contemporary thriller published by Putnam Juvenile on January 13th, 2015
first book in The Conspiracy of Us trilogy
Avery West's newfound family can shut down Prada when they want to shop in peace, and can just as easily order a bombing when they want to start a war. Part of a powerful and dangerous secret society called the Circle, they believe Avery is the key to an ancient prophecy. Some want to use her as a pawn. Some want her dead.
To unravel the mystery putting her life in danger, Avery must follow a trail of clues from the monuments of Paris to the back alleys of Istanbul with two boys who work for the Circle—beautiful, volatile Stellan and mysterious, magnetic Jack. But as the clues expose a stunning conspiracy that might plunge the world into World War 3, she discovers that both boys are hiding secrets of their own. Now she will have to choose not only between freedom and family–but between the boy who might help her save the world, and the one she's falling in love with.
Trend Alert: Island Settings in YA
October 27, 2014 by Sana 10 Comments
Of trends and lesser-knowns.
No, this isn't a post about taking books to a deserted island, it's about books that takes place on them. A deserted island, a huge isolated piece of land floating in dark water, a death trap; you get the picture. It's spooky, there's a high likelihood of getting murdered and possibly no way out. But it could also be adventurous, full of mystery, chilling to the bone, or romantic.
Enid Blyton's Five on a Treasure Island was the first book I read which was set on an island. Full of adventure and mystery, it made me fall in love with the Famous Five.
Classic When it Comes to Island Settings
There are always classics, the books that came before everything else and set a standard or just became classics on the basis of their stories. However, most of the classics in the genre are fantasy-based.
L. M. Montgomery's Anne of the Green Gables series takes place on Prince Edward island and who doesn't know that. Not many people like William Golding's Lord of the Flies which is all things downright creepy and nightmarish and takes place on a deserted island. However, Michael Crichton's Jurassic Park and The Lost World takes place on a jungle island with dinosaurs.
Marguerite Henry's Misty of Chincoteague features ponies and horses and Rachel Neumeier's The Floating Islands is a fantasy that features dragons and men with wings.
Juliet Marillier's Wolf's Skin is a sweeping historical fiction fantasy about Eyvind who dreams of becoming a Wolfskin. Dan Elconin's Never After is a reimagined tale of Peter Pan with perils and laughter as no genre is complete without a retelling.
And oh, Koushun Takami's Battle Royale is also a classic in the sci-fi genre with an island setting.
Lastly, Maggie Stiefvater's The Scorpio Races takes place on a fictional island and what could be better than that?
Stranded with Suspense and Murder
I've watched one too many movies where a group of people get stranded on an island only to find that their number is decreasing one by one. Nothing good could come out of that.
In Gretchen McNeil's Ten, it was supposed to be a three-day party weekend on an island. But now it's all about one person having a killer party. Similarly, Abigail Haas' Dangerous Girls and Dangerous Boys is all about everything gone wrong when a brutal murder happens. Running for your life has a new meaning and it's Haas.
However, in Megan Shephard's The Madman's Daughter, we go back in time on a remote tropical island to uncover the truth about Juliet Moreau's mad, mad father. Whereas Francis Hardinge's The Lost Conspiracy is more about adventure than murder but there's definitely something sinister going on.
Threats and Unraveling Truths On an Island
What is it about islands that's just so damn creepy, anyway? I mean, yeah, they could be romantic and beautiful like that one time in Stephenie Meyer's Breaking Dawn (barf). However, islands are majorly full of truths and mystery and if you want to get off one, you gotta figure out the truth. For instance, how in Suzanne Collins' Catching Fire, the arena was in a jungle with the Cornucopia situated on an island.
But could island settings also be something wrought with a different kind of a danger?
Ransom Rigg's Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children is spine-tingling for a sinister reason and Marcus Sedgewick's Midwinterblood is an unsettling story about immortality set in the future on an, you guessed it, island.
Anna Collomore's The Ruining features insanity and I bet that insanity on an island is worse than in other place. There's just something about it… Moving on, E. Lockhart's We Were Liars is creepy on a private island.
But it's not always psychological as Austin Aslan's The Islands at the End of the World is a bloodchilling dystopia set on Hawaii featuring an epileptic main character. Moreover, Allegra Goodman's The Other Side of the Island is all about finding out the truth and Lynne Matson's Nil and Nil Unlocked feature an island that's full of dangers and a terrible truth.
Francine Prose's The Turning takes place on an isolated island where things are bound to get spooky and Megan Crewe's The Way We Fall is about a community surviving on an island after it's been quarantined because of a virus.
Crash! Now Survive
For some reason, crashing on islands isn't as popular as one would think. It is a chilling scenario, though to find yourself on an island with no way out. How would you survive?
Libba Bray's Beauty Queens is perhaps a stellar book when it comes to suvival because you got a bunch of beauty pageant participants on an island. Fun times ahead, eh? Contrastingly, S. A. Bodeen's The Raft is about a couple of survivors, one of whom is unconscious for a better part of the book.
Basically, books set on island make me wish never to be on one. Do you like books set on islands? Does it get old for you fast or does the thrill of it all excites you?


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Author: Boris Schneider
Published: Jan. 30, 2013
Bienne-based watch manufacturer HYT has united the diametrically opposed worlds of water and mechanics. In the world's first hydromechanical watch, the time is indicated by a colored liquid.
At the outset, they were considered mad or dismissed as fantasists: Pioneering entrepreneurs often don't have an easy time of it. It was at Expo.02 that Lucien Vouillamoz originally told friends about his vision of using water in a mechanical wristwatch to show the time. Back then, however, no-one really knew whether to believe him. Water clocks have been around for millennia, but in the past have always worked by using gravity: As with an hourglass, the water flows from a higher vessel into a lower one. However, engineer and inventor Vouillamoz wouldn't let go of the idea until he came up with a possible solution years later: Two flexible reservoirs, one at each end of a circular, enclosed tube, were to be filled with different-colored liquids that do not mix. When one reservoir is compressed, its fluid flows into the tube to indicate the time; meanwhile, the other fluid is forced back into its reservoir. Positive and negative polarity ensures separation of the two liquids. Like magnets, they repel each other at the point where they meet.
An Experienced, Complementary Team
With the help of Patrick Berdoz, a longstanding friend and experienced entrepreneur from the medical technology field, Vouillamoz embarked on an adventure. Berdoz recognized the idea's potential, and recruited additional engineers from his network. Together they drew up the first technical specifications. Emmanuel Savioz, another experienced start-up entrepreneur, soon joined the team and the HYT company was set up. After a year's intensive research and development work, an initial prototype was produced. However, some important steps first had to be taken on the road to creating a luxury watch: Although Vouillamoz, Berdoz, and Savioz now had the fundamental technology to produce a water wristwatch, they had no experience of the watch industry. In 2010, they finally succeeded in hiring CEO Vincent Perriard, a passionate watchmaker who had spent many years working at renowned firms such as Audemars Piguet, Concord, and Technomarine. "It's always been a dream of mine to work with water and mechanics, because they're two diametrically opposed worlds," says Perriard.
Many Challenges Surmounted
"The biggest challenges lay in finding an interface between the mechanical movement in the watch mechanism and the fluid system, housing the two systems in a confined space, and ensuring they interact perfectly," recalls Berdoz. The liquids also had to be developed in accordance with watchmaking industry requirements. They need to be able to resist vibration, knocks, and temperature fluctuations, as well as be stable over a long period. Calculation of the exact volume of fluid in the two reservoirs was also critical: "The total volume in the closed loop must be accurate down to the microliter," says Berdoz. In addition, HYT developed a special system for adjusting the time of the watch. This prevents the liquids from flowing too quickly and getting mixed together. The watch mechanism also had to be developed from scratch, because the reservoirs containing the liquids took up a considerable portion of the available space. That task was entrusted to Manufaktur Chronode in Le Locle. Neuchâtel firm Etude de Style was responsible for designing the watch.
Enthusiastic Response from the Experts
The concept was presented to various watch dealers and distributors from summer 2011 onward. By the time of the watch and jewelry fair Baselworld 2012, HYT's watchmakers were in a position to present the world's first mechanical-fluidic hybrid watch – the H1 – to an enthusiastic audience. It costs between 43,000 and 65,000 Swiss francs, depending on the model. "Although we've not yet been able to ship the watch, many dealers and collectors paid upfront for their watch on the spot. That's not normal in the watch industry," Berdoz explains. The creators are already busy working on successor models, the H2, H3, and H4. The target audience consists mainly of collectors and watch aficionados from all around the world. The new concept and attractive shareholder base also proved persuasive for Credit Suisse Entrepreneur Capital Ltd. From a very early stage, it provided HYT with seed funding – partly on account of the many advance orders. This was later followed by growth financing, to ensure the company can fully exploit the potential of its innovation. "Credit Suisse Entrepreneur Capital Ltd. 's involvement is also important to us, in that such a renowned investor opened the door to other financiers," notes Berdoz. "With fluid mechanics, we have given the world of watchmaking a new means of expression," he continues. But the passionate entrepreneur and his team have a lot of other cards up their sleeves: In the course of developing and designing the H1, the engineers also acquired unique expertise in the field of microfluidics – the behavior of fluids in tiny spaces. Various related patents have been registered. "Our technology could be used for accurate injections in the medical sector, or the diffusion of fragrances, for example," says Berdoz, with an eye to the future.
The watch manufacturer HYT entered a partnership with Credit Suisse Entrepreneur Capital Ltd. in August, 2011. How did this come about?
Savioz: The extensive media coverage of the founding of Credit Suisse Entrepreneur Capital Ltd. piqued our curiosity. We had just developed H1, the first prototype of our watches, and were looking for a solid partner. We asked around a bit, got uniformly positive feedback, and then contacted Credit Suisse Entrepreneur Capital Ltd.
And how did that go?
Savioz: Even the first telephone conversation was very productive􀀏 which confirmed our choice. We had no hesitations about openly laying out our paperwork, including confidential information, and we quickly established a relationship of trust.
Suter: We receive 10 to 15 requests each week, from companies in every industry. We viewed the request from HYT as very exciting.
What made HYT stand out?
Suter: Watches are generally a very emotional product. The H1 prototype captivated us at first sight. Its combination of mechanics and fluid is a world first! An ingenious and highly innovative example of Swiss quality, with an experienced and professional management team guiding its further development. But one deciding factor was the unusually strong response from the industry when HYT unveiled its watch to the public in 2012.
Savioz: Even we were surprised by the high level of interest. Many dealers and collectors ordered their watches on the spot, paying in advance. This does not usually happen in the watch industry.
Suter: Furthermore, so far your watches have no competition.
Savioz: Exactly. The technical hurdle is very high. Another particularly attractive aspect for investors is our patent portfolio – all the knowhow we were able to develop in the context of this invention, which could find future uses in medical technology as well.
According to your guidelines, Credit Suisse Entrepreneur Capital Ltd. invests in only a few start-ups and ordinarily requires market acceptance.
Suter: Based on the watch industry's positive reaction to the H1 prototype, HYT already has that. But it's true that we got on board during an early phase of the company's development.
Savioz: A very delicate phase, by the way, for many high-tech pioneers. They might secure the first million with the help of people they know and private investors, but after that they need partners who invest in the company because they believe in the team and the product.
From your perspective as a young entrepreneur, what have been the greatest challenges so far?
Savioz: Initially, it was the product itself. Our watches are very complicated. Time and again in the development stage, our specialists encountered technically demanding questions. Now that we're in the production stage, the crux is our suppliers. If supplies arrive late or don't meet our quality standards, the effect ripples through the rest of the production process.
To what extent can funding from Credit Suisse Entrepreneur Capital Ltd. help you with this?
Savioz: Watchmaking is a very precise process, and mistakes are costly. We must work very carefully, and that takes time. With its longterm perspective, Credit Suisse Entrepreneur Capital Ltd. gives us the time we need.
Suter: Fortunately, we are in the privileged position of making all our investment decisions with a decidedly long view, because we do not have to pay dividends or otherwise return capital to Credit Suisse, our parent company. That definitely makes financial planning easier for our partners.
What else makes Credit Suisse Entrepreneur Capital Ltd. different from other venture capital investors?
Suter: Our ultimate goal, through financially sustainable investments and with the company as partner, is to create new jobs or safeguard existing jobs, strengthening Switzerland as a center of employment. This is a unique undertaking here in Switzerland.
Savioz: And Credit Suisse Entrepreneur Capital Ltd. is much more than merely a source of funding. It also opens doors to other investors. Thanks to the support from Johannes and his team, for example, we have developed a very good relationship with Credit Suisse in Lausanne.
Suter: Another difference between us and other venture capital investors is that Credit Suisse Entrepreneur Capital Ltd. is independent of its funding sources and can help its partner companies set the right course.
Savioz: We particularly value this aspect. With Credit Suisse Entrepreneur Capital Ltd. we have gained a partner that is truly interested in our company's development and understands our needs.
The companies evidently benefit from more than the capital investment.
Suter: Absolutely, and "door opener" is a good way to describe us, Emmanuel. As a minority stakeholder or lender, we view ourselves primarily as intermediaries. We routinely turn to our extensive network, which thanks to Credit Suisse is also a global network.
Savioz: We have already gained a great deal from this network. At the moment, for example, we are looking for new space for our firm, and we're happy to have been able to ask your help with this.
Strengthening Switzerland as a workplace is a central goal for Credit Suisse Entrepreneur Capital Ltd. How important for you is Biel, or Western Switzerland, in this regard?
Savioz: As watch manufacturers, Western Switzerland is the ideal location for us, because the skilled employees and the suppliers are right at our doorstep. Other advantages of Bienne are its economic development program and the subsidies available from the canton of Berne.
Suter: For us, the company itself, and its product, are clearly more important than their location within Switzerland. Interestingly, however, we made six of our first ten investments in Western Switzerland.
How important for the Swiss market, in your view, is the label "Swissness"?
Savioz: Swissness quite clearly stands for superlative quality and innovation. The Swiss market cannot and will not draw attention to itself with bargains, and that's exactly what makes us competitive.
Suter: I agree. The watch industry is a prime example of how Switzerland can hold its own in the global marketplace.
Credit Suisse Entrepreneur Capital Ltd. has been in operation for three years. What do you see as its greatest challenges in the near future?
Suter: Some 70,000 companies in Switzerland are headed by entrepreneurs who are more than 65 years old. Unfortunately, all too often jobs are lost because succession strategies cannot be financed. We believe we can be part of the solution to this problem. In our view, effective succession planning and support for young entrepreneurs are equally important for Switzerland as a workplace.
Savioz: Good to know. In that case, we'll get back to you again in 30 years. (Both laugh.)
Meanwhile, what do you expect of each other at this point?
Savioz: We want to continue our constructive collaboration and deliver on what we have promised.
Suter: Ultimately it's like any other good relationship. There's a give and take, and it has to be right for both sides. I personally find it extremely satisfying to work with a young company like HYT as it makes its way in the marketplace. We can be part of this journey, and I'm already looking forward to the moment when we'll see HYT watches on display in store windows, giving the world another shining example of Switzerland's pioneering spirit.
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MuCCC is currently hosting a week full of events to celebrate the art created by the youth of Rochester. The series — which presented "Junk," an original play performed by Dream, Visualize, Create about addiction, and an art gallery opening for Mariah Rose and Roman Cobb, two Monroe Community College students, earlier this week — continues with the Kuumba Kids Show and Tell young artists talk (7 p.m. on Wednesday). Also among the remaining events: a performance by Dunwoody Dance (7 p.m. on Thursday); a Latino Youth open mic night featuring poets, musicians, and comics (Friday, 7:30 p.m.); a performance by Breathing Fire poetry slam (Saturday, 7 p.m.); and "A Day Without Black Folks" performed by a youth group from Mentors Inspiring Boys and Girls, followed by a community discussion (Sunday, 2 p.m.).
This is Our Youth will continue through Sunday, July 31, at MuCCC, 142 Atlantic Avenue. Wednesday and Friday's performances are free; Thursday and Saturday's events are $5; and Sunday's admission is $2-$5. 866-811-4111 for tickets; muccc.org.


This month is a bittersweet time at our school. Most of the Dolphin students will leave and venture on to their new beginnings in kindergarten in the next few months. As I reflect on all the things that they have learned: being able to separate from their parents, using their words to express feelings to each other, listening, and taking turns, it warms my heart. I hope that as the children move into kindergarten they will stay in touch with us. Thank you for the opportunity to serve your families. We will miss all the parents and children.
Teacher appreciation week is May 7-11. We will have an opportunity to express our gratitude to the teachers for their patience, caring, and dedication to the children. I usually plan something special for them and pass on my ideas to the parents. You may participate any day of the week or all of them, if you like. If you have any ideas on something nice to do for the teachers, please let me know. More details will follow as we approach the date.
The Pre-kindergarten Graduation is on Thursday, May 31 from 7 pm until 8 pm. The ceremony will take place in chapel. Please have your child dressed in their blue gown when you bring them to their classroom at 6:55and then proceed to the chapel. After graduation ceremony, refreshments are provided in the courtyard. Please feel free to invite grandparents and family. We ask that parents wait to take pictures until the end of the program. Thank you.
Mommy and Me night is on May 11 from 7 pm-8 pm. The teachers will plan an art activity, sing songs, and read a book. We will serve strawberry shortcake for snack. The program is designed to honor all female caregivers, but fathers may attend if they wish.
Parent teacher conferences will begin on May 2 until May 18. Please sign up for a day that is convenient for you. In case there are not any spots available that work for you, please see me to reschedule.
Summer Program calendars will be passed out the first week of June. You will notice an additional cost for the summer program. If you have any questions, please ask me.
Thank you to all the parents who helped with the rummage sale. We also had some church members whom attended and helped the day of the sale, thanks!
Have a good month and Happy Mother's Day!
We had a busy month of April. We had picture day, a rummage sale, and preparations for the pre-k graduation. To celebrate Earth Day each classroom got a jar of caterpillars. The children watched the caterpillars grow and cocoon themselves. Then they were put into a net and they emerged as butterflies! The children were so excited. They really enjoy nature. We are teaching the children how to observe the insects and lizards we see on the playground. We tell them we may watch them, not chase them or try to hurt them. We call them "God's Creatures." We hope to see you all at Mommy and Me Night. It is a fun hour from 7 p.m. to 8 p.m.
Happy Mother's Day to all of our Mommies!
In the month of April we celebrated Easter and learned about bugs and plants. Our class has a new addition, Shelly the snail. The children cannot get enough of watching Shelly, who lives in the fish tank with our classroom fish, Nemo. Our caterpillars are also doing great and some have turned into butterflies. When they are all ready, will release them into the garden. We have planted some poppies indoors, and are hoping to see some sprouts soon.
On May 8, the whole school will partake in planting our school garden. If you would like to join us, please let me know.
In the month of May, we will be celebrating Mothers Day and will be having a "Mommy and Me" night on Friday May 11 at 7 pm. I am looking forward to eating a wonderful snack with you and your child. I hope you can attend.
The themes for this month are nursery rhymes and transportation. We will learn about different kinds of transportation and their uses. In addition, nursery rhymes are a good tool to help with language skills. One of my favorite rhymes to use with the children is "Hey Diddle Diddle", because the children love it. I am really enjoying working with the children and having a lot of fun exploring new things.Everyday they amaze me with all the new language they are learning.
The children were so excited when we got our classroom caterpillars. Each day we watched them in their little jars, slowly crawling their way to the top, then attaching themselves to the lid and turning into chrysalises. Some of them have already come our of their cocoons as butterflies!
We planted Mung beans in plastic cups in our classroom. They started sprouting very quickly. The children really enjoy planting and learning about nature. We sang a song called "The farmer plants his seeds" as we learned about different kinds of seeds. We will be planting in the garden on May 8.
In May we will learn about Mother's Day, Nursery Rhymes, and Transportation. We will discuss what transportation goes in the air, on land, and on sea. We will learn different rhymes that help develop listening and language skills, both of which are early literacy skills. Please bring in sunscreen for your child if you haven't already. We keep it in the classroom closet and apply it when needed.
Another sunny, windy, and rainy April has passed us by. The children have enjoyed the many things we have done. We studied insects, weather, and different flowers. We learned about recycling and different ways we can help our earth. We had a wonderful Easter party and egg hunt. Thank you parents for all of your generous contributions.
We learned about several artists such as Picasso, Monet, and Van Gogh through watercolor painting, mosaic crafting and sunflower prints. As we sail into May, our class will begin learning about movement through the art of Degas, the song "Wheels on the Bus" and different kinds of transportation games. The monthly themes will be Mother's Day and Nursery Rhymes. We will also be planting in the preschool garden.
We hope all of our mommies can make it to Mommy and Me Night. It will be fun. Please bring in sunscreen for your child and make sure there are both long sleeved and short sleeved shirts in their extra clothes boxes. The weather changes pretty quickly lately.
If you ever have any questions about your child, please feel free to ask me. I hope to see you at parent-teacher conferences this month.
The Dolphin class had a busy and exciting month of April. We learned about many different insects and watched our classroom caterpillars grow and turn into butterflies. All of our parents and their children have done a wonderful job bringing in share items for the letters of the week. It is hard to believe we are up to letters "Y" and "Z "already!
Our themes for the month are Nursery Rhymes and Transportation. The children are busy practicing their songs for the graduation ceremony. They are so proud of themselves. They have learned so much during their time here at the preschool. We are also proud of them. From May 29-31 please have your child at school by 9:30 a.m. We will be practicing for the graduation ceremony in the chapel at this time.Graduation is Thursday, May 31 at 7p.m. Please bring your child to school that evening at 6:55 p.m. Please have them in their cap and gown over their clothes. You bring them to the Dolphin room, have a seat, and wait for them in the chapel. We will make sure their hats are on straight and then we will line up for our walk down the chapel aisle.
We have enjoyed getting to know all of your children and we will miss them very much when they leave for kindergarten. We have shared much laughter and tears with them and they are very close to our hearts.


Product prices and availability are accurate as of 2019-04-19 12:56:46 UTC and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on http://www.amazon.com/ at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.
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This dress fits amazing, very soft. Best of all The fabric does not make you sweat. Cool 😎 for the summer.


March 22, 2019 | Nikos Tsafos Russia is widely seen as a leader in strategically developing its energy resources in the Arctic, but that perception only tells part of the story, argues CSIS energy expert Nikos Tsafos.
CSIS's Kartikeya Singh discusses the lessons from five countries on how to create a natural gas vehicle market.
CSIS energy expert Jane Nakano takes a look at China's recent, rapid expansion of its domestic nuclear power generation fleet and what it means for the United States and other Western countries.
The CSIS Energy and National Security Program explains the impacts of sanctions on Venezuela's oil sector and global oil markets in 10 graphics.
With the imposition of U.S. sanctions along with the expectation of an influx of humanitarian relief, CSIS energy expert Frank Verrastro takes a look at the impact of the current Venezuelan political crisis on the global oil markets.
CSIS energy expert Nikos Tsafos explains recent developments in U.S. oil consumption based on the latest data and warns against neglecting energy efficiency.
Can the East Med pipeline project succeed? The short answer: it is unlikely. But the project is not totally hopeless, and it is important for the project's proponents and detractors to grasp why, as CSIS energy expert Nikos Tsafos discusses in his commentary.


For many people, a real joy during their trip is the chance to take their own world-class wildlife photographs. If you are at all interested in photography, it is suggested that you bring your best camera gear. While big zoom lenses are occasionally useful, very often we are close enough to the animals that even small point-and-shoot cameras will produce excellent photos. If photography is not your thing, we encourage you to sit back and enjoy the firsthand experience of being surrounded by some of the world's most magnificent creatures.


Details, Size & Fit. With a relaxed fit and flared sleeves, The Float On Top by Talulah has an air of effortless elegance. Style yours with a slim pencil skirt and strappy heels. Our. model. iswearing a size small top. Sheusually takes a Standard AU8 size, is 5'11" (181cm) tall and has a 61.5cmwaist. -Length: 63cm Slightly relaxed fit Lightly brushed cupro fabric Deep teal hue Round neckline Flared sleeves with splits Open back with wide strap detail Partially lined.Garment Measurements:.XS Bust 82cm 83cm, Waist 66cm, Hips 91cm 93cm.S Bust 84cm 85cm, Waist 68cm, Hips 94cm 95cm.M Bust 89cm 90cm, Waist 73cm, Hips 99cm 100cm.L Bust 94cm 95cm, Waist 78cm, Hips 104cm 105cm.XL Bust 99cm 100cm, Waist 83cm, Hips 109cm 110cm.Cold hand wash. Warm iron on reverse. Length: 63cm.fabric / material: Woven.Material: 60% Cupro & 40% Rayon.SKU: TA053AA99ZLS.


The Premium Custom Install Speaker. The CI Elite series is Crafted in Canada and has all the technology advantages and grille aesthetics of CI PRO, plus oversized voice coils and X-PAL™ pure aluminum cone technology for the ultimate in sound performance.
X-PAL™ tweeter with exclusive Perforated Phase-Aligning (PPA™) Tweeter Lens that protects the delicate pure-aluminum tweeter dome and acts as the Phase Plug, blocking out-of-phase frequencies for smoother, extended high frequencies with incredible detail and higher output.
Our tweeter designs are cooled by the original ultra-stable Ferrofluid, made exclusively by Ferrotec. Ferrofluid is a colloidal suspension of magnetic nano particles in a liquid carrier with low volatility and high thermal stability.
NEW X-PAL™ brushed pure-aluminum cone woofers combine lightweight stiffness with high consistency for a greater degree of accuracy and smooth, uncolored frequency response. Matching concave dust caps ensuring more uniform dynamic response and a cleaner, modern aesthetic.
Paradigm's patented† Active Ridge Technology (ART™) surrounds, made in-house and overmolded directly onto each cone, achieve greater excursion for a 3dB gain in distortion-free output (50% greater) compared to drivers with standard surrounds. Crafted from audiophile-grade injection-molded thermoplastic elastomer, ART™ surrounds are more durable and reliable, for a lifetime of superior sound.
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Oversized, 1.5" High-Power Handling Voice Coil motor structure dramatically increases maximum output level and reduces power compression.
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Die-cast aluminum chassis, baffles (in-wall models only), and clamps add strength and rigidity for better bass and midrange, along with a more durable installation.
Rear Component Shielding protects internal parts from debris. The translucent polycarbonate material creates an installation that will not warp. Flat covers also make it easy to lie speakers down during the installation process without tipping.
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text:
United States order of precedence
Orders of precedence
Poland-Lithuania (hist.)
The United States order of precedence lists the ceremonial order for domestic and foreign government officials, military and civic leaders at diplomatic, ceremonial, and social events within the United States and abroad.[1] Former Presidents, Vice Presidents, First Ladies, Secretaries of State and Supreme Court Justices are also included in the list. The order is established by the President, through the Office of the Chief of Staff,[1] and is maintained by the State Department's Office of the Chief of Protocol.[2] It is only used to indicate ceremonial protocol and has no legal standing; it does not reflect the presidential line of succession or the equal status of the branches of government under the Constitution.
Details as of November 1, 2011
(Except as otherwise noted, positions in the list are from three sources.[3][4][5])
President of the United States (Barack Obama)
Foreign heads of state/Reigning monarchs[3][4]
Vice President of the United States (Joe Biden)
Governor (of the state in which the event is held)
Mayor (of the city in which the event is held)[5]
Speaker of the House of Representatives (John Boehner)
Chief Justice of the United States (John Roberts)
Former Presidents of the United States (in order of term)
Jimmy Carter (January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981)
George H. W. Bush (January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993)
Bill Clinton (January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001)
George W. Bush (January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009)
Ambassadors of the United States (at the Ambassador's post)
United States Secretary of State (Hillary Rodham Clinton)[6]
Secretary-General of the United Nations (Ban Ki-moon)
Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Foreign Powers accredited to the United States (in order of the presentation of their credentials)
Widows of former Presidents (in order of spouse's term)
Nancy Reagan (January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989)
Ministers of Foreign Powers accredited to the United States
Associate Justices of the Supreme Court (in order of appointment)
Antonin Scalia (September 26, 1986)
Anthony Kennedy (February 18, 1988)
Clarence Thomas (October 18, 1991)
Ruth Bader Ginsburg (August 10, 1993)
Stephen Breyer (August 3, 1994)
Samuel Alito (January 31, 2006)
Sonia Sotomayor (August 8, 2009)
Elena Kagan (August 7, 2010)
Retired Chief Justices of the Supreme Court (currently none)
Retired Associate Justices of the Supreme Court (in order of appointment)
John Paul Stevens (December 19, 1975)
Sandra Day O'Connor (September 25, 1981)
David Souter (October 9, 1990)
Members of the Cabinet (in the order of the creation of the respective departments; note that the Secretary of State already appears above; the creation date for the Secretary of War is used as the date for the Secretary of Defense's spot in the precedence.)
Secretary of the Treasury (Timothy Geithner)
Secretary of Defense (Leon Panetta)
Attorney General (Eric Holder)
Secretary of the Interior (Ken Salazar)
Secretary of Agriculture (Tom Vilsack)
Secretary of Commerce (John Bryson)
Secretary of Labor (Hilda Solis)
Secretary of Health and Human Services (Kathleen Sebelius)
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (Shaun Donovan)
Secretary of Transportation (Ray LaHood)
Secretary of Energy (Steven Chu)
Secretary of Education (Arne Duncan)
Secretary of Veterans Affairs (Eric Shinseki)
Secretary of Homeland Security (Janet Napolitano)
White House Chief of Staff (William Daley)
Director of the Office of Management and Budget (Jacob Lew)
Director of National Drug Control Policy (Gil Kerlikowske)
Trade Representative (Ron Kirk)
Director of National Intelligence (James Clapper)
Ambassador to the United Nations (Susan Rice)
President pro tempore of the Senate (Daniel Inouye)
Current Senators (by seniority; see Seniority in the United States Senate; note that the President pro tempore of the Senate appears above.)
State governors (of states other than that in which the event is held, by date of statehood or ratification of the Constitution)
Governor of Delaware (Jack Markell)
Governor of Pennsylvania (Tom Corbett)
Governor of New Jersey (Chris Christie)
Governor of Georgia (Nathan Deal)
Governor of Connecticut (Dan Malloy)
Governor of Massachusetts (Deval Patrick)
Governor of Maryland (Martin O'Malley)
Governor of South Carolina (Nikki Haley)
Governor of New Hampshire (John Lynch)
Governor of Virginia (Bob McDonnell)
Governor of New York (Andrew Cuomo)
Governor of North Carolina (Beverly Perdue)
Governor of Rhode Island (Lincoln Chafee)
Governor of Vermont (Peter Shumlin)
Governor of Kentucky (Steve Beshear)
Governor of Tennessee (Bill Haslam)
Governor of Ohio (John Kasich)
Governor of Louisiana (Bobby Jindal)
Governor of Indiana (Mitch Daniels)
Governor of Mississippi (Haley Barbour)
Governor of Illinois (Pat Quinn)
Governor of Alabama (Robert Bentley)
Governor of Maine (Paul LePage)
Governor of Missouri (Jay Nixon)
Governor of Arkansas (Mike Beebe)
Governor of Michigan (Rick Snyder)
Governor of Florida (Rick Scott)
Governor of Texas (Rick Perry)
Governor of Iowa (Terry Branstad)
Governor of Wisconsin (Scott Walker)
Governor of California (Jerry Brown)
Governor of Minnesota (Mark Dayton)
Governor of Oregon (John Kitzhaber)
Governor of Kansas (Sam Brownback)
Governor of West Virginia (Earl Ray Tomblin)
Governor of Nevada (Brian Sandoval)
Governor of Nebraska (Dave Heineman)
Governor of Colorado (John Hickenlooper)
Governor of North Dakota (Jack Dalrymple)
Governor of South Dakota (Dennis Daugaard)
Governor of Montana (Brian Schweitzer)
Governor of Washington (Christine Gregoire)
Governor of Idaho (Butch Otter)
Governor of Wyoming (Matt Mead)
Governor of Utah (Gary Herbert)
Governor of Oklahoma (Mary Fallin)
Governor of New Mexico (Susana Martinez)
Governor of Arizona (Jan Brewer)
Governor of Alaska (Sean Parnell)
Governor of Hawaii (Neil Abercrombie)
Acting heads of executive departments
Former Vice Presidents (in order of term) (note that George H. W. Bush, who would otherwise appear in this list, already appears above as a former President)
Walter Mondale (January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981)
Dan Quayle (January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993)
Al Gore (January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001)
Dick Cheney (January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009)
Current Representatives (by seniority; see List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority; note that the Speaker of the House (currently Representative John Boehner) appears above.)
Current Delegates (by seniority)
Eni Faleomavaega (January 3, 1989)
Eleanor Holmes Norton (January 3, 1991)
Donna Christian-Christensen (January 3, 1997)
Madeleine Bordallo (January 3, 2003)
Pedro Pierluisi (January 3, 2009)
Gregorio Sablan (January 3, 2009)
Governor of Puerto Rico (Luis Fortuño)
National Security Advisor (Thomas Donilon)
Counselor to the President and Assistants to the President
Chargés d'affaires of foreign countries
Former Secretaries of State (in order of term)
Henry Kissinger (September 22, 1973 – January 20, 1977)
George Shultz (July 16, 1982 – January 20, 1989)
James Baker (January 20, 1989 – August 23, 1992)
Madeleine Albright (January 23, 1997 – January 20, 2001)
Colin Powell (January 20, 2001 – January 26, 2005)
Condoleezza Rice (January 26, 2005 – January 20, 2009)
Deputy Secretaries of Executive Departments (in the order of the creation of the respective departments as for Secretaries above)
Deputy Secretary of State (James Steinberg)
Deputy Secretary of the Treasury (Neal Wolin)
Deputy Secretary of Defense (William Lynn)
Deputy Attorney General (James Cole)
Deputy Secretary of the Interior (David Hayes)
Deputy Secretary of Agriculture (Kathleen Merrigan)
Deputy Secretary of Commerce (Vacant)
Deputy Secretary of Labor (Seth Harris)
Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services (Bill Corr)
Deputy Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (Ron Sims)
Deputy Secretary of Transportation (John Porcari)
Deputy Secretary of Energy (Daniel Poneman)
Deputy Secretary of Education (Anthony Miller)
Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs (Scott Gould)
Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security (Jane Holl Lute)
Solicitor General (Donald Verrilli Jr.)
Administrator of the Agency for International Development (Rajiv Shah)
Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (Ellen Tauscher)
Under Secretaries of State and Counsels
Under Secretaries of Executive Departments
United States Ambassadors-at-Large
Secretaries of the service departments (by creation order of branch)
Secretary of the Army (John McHugh)
Secretary of the Navy (Ray Mabus)
Secretary of the Air Force (Michael Donley)
Postmaster General (Patrick R. Donahoe)
Chairman of the Federal Reserve (Ben Bernanke)
Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality (Nancy Sutley)
Chairman of the Export-Import Bank (Fred Hochberg)
Chairman of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Andrew Saul)
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (GEN Martin Dempsey)
Under Secretaries of Defense
Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (ADM James Winnefeld)
Joint Chiefs of Staff (in order of appointment)
Chief of Staff of the Air Force (Gen Norton Schwartz)
Commandant of the Marine Corps (Gen James Amos)
Chief of Staff of the Army (GEN Raymond Odierno)
Chief of Naval Operations (ADM Jonathan Greenert)
Commandant of the Coast Guard (ADM Robert Papp)
Commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands of four-star grade
Africa Command (GEN Carter Ham)
Central Command (Gen James Mattis)
European Command (ADM James Stavridis)
Northern Command (GEN Charles Jacoby)
Pacific Command (ADM Robert Willard)
Southern Command (Gen Donald Fraser)
Special Operations Command (ADM William McRaven)
Strategic Command (Gen Robert Kehler)
Transportation Command (Gen William M. Fraser III)
Generals of the Army (currently none), Generals of the Air Force (currently none), and Fleet Admirals (currently none)
^ a b "U.S. State Department Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 2 Section 320 "PRECEDENCE"". http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/84407.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-10. "Precedence Lists establish the order or ranking of a country's government, military, and, in some cases, civic leaders for diplomatic, ceremonial, and social events, at home and abroad. The President, through the Office of the Chief of Staff, establishes the United States Order of Precedence."
^ "What Does the Office of the Chief of Protocol Do?". U.S. State Department. http://www.state.gov/s/cpr/51328.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-25. "21. Maintain and update the United States Order of Precedence List."
^ a b "U.S. order of precedence". http://www.bigmomentfilms.com/usorderofprecedence.asp. Retrieved 2009-07-15. "Use this official list to determine protocol order when developing seating charts, speaking programs, announcements and any list or documentation related to special events that involve US government officials." [dead link]
^ a b "Protocol: Order of Precedence". http://www.proadvance.com/resourceguide/logistical/protocol/orderofprecedence.html. Retrieved 2009-07-15. "Use this list when developing seating charts, speaking programs, and announcements."
^ a b "Order of Precedence". http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/html/protocol/precedence.shtml. Retrieved 2009-07-15. "The following list is an abridged, unofficial version but conforms to established, customary rules of precedence."
^ http://www.formsofaddress.info/precedence.html#053
Office of the Chief of Protocol from the U.S. State Department website
Diplomatic List: Order of Precedence and Date of Presentation of Credentials (for foreign diplomats) from the U.S. State Department website
Politics of the United States
List of cities in Uruguay
List of cities in Argentina
Order of precedence — For the notion of order of precedence in mathematics and computer science, see order of operations. v · d · e Orders of precedence … Wikipedia
United States Armed Forces — United States Joint Service Color Guard on parade at Fort Myer, Virginia. Service branches … Wikipedia
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA — UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, country in N. America. This article is arranged according to the following outline: introduction Colonial Era, 1654–1776 Early National Period, 1776–1820 German Jewish Period, 1820–1880 East European Jewish Period,… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Order of precedence in England and Wales — v · d · e Orders of precedence … Wikipedia
Order of precedence in Scotland — v · d · e Orders of precedence … Wikipedia
Order of precedence in New Brunswick — This article is about the order of precedence for dignitaries in the province of New Brunswick; for the federal list of precedence for Canadian dignitaries, see: Canadian order of precedence. v · d · e … Wikipedia
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Order of precedence in Ontario — This article is about the order of precedence for dignitaries in the province of Ontario; for the federal list of precedence for Canadian dignitaries, see Canadian order of precedence. v · d · e … Wikipedia
Order of precedence in Saskatchewan — This article is about the order of precedence for dignitaries in the province of Saskatchewan; for the federal list of precedence for Canadian dignitaries, see: Canadian order of precedence. v · d · e … Wikipedia
Order of precedence in Alberta — This article is about the order of precedence for dignitaries in the province of Alberta; for the federal list of precedence for Canadian dignitaries, see: Canadian order of precedence. v · d · e … Wikipedia


text:
John Gibson Parkhurst papers
Scope and Contents The largest part of the collection consists of the pocket diaries Parkhurst kept from 1847 to 1906. The early diaries (1847-1860) relate details of his court cases and only rarely mention his personal life. Records of various financial transactions are incorporated in these early diaries. The diaries of the war years (1861-1865) include battle accounts and descriptions of Parkhurst's experiences as a prisoner-of-war in 1862. In the diaries of the post-war years, Parkhurst discusses primarily...
Ohio Infantry, 14th Regiment, Company A records
Scope and Contents This collection consists of a volume of records for Company A of the 14th Ohio Infantry Regiment in the Civil War. The regiment, which drew many of its members from Toledo and Bowling Green, Ohio, served in the western theater and fought at Lexington, Chickamauga, and the battles around Atlanta. The records list and describe the enlisted men, and also list those discharged, captured, wounded or killed in battle. This volume has been transcribed and placed online at ...
United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 2
Campaign speeches 1
Cartes-de-visite (card photographs) 1
Chattanooga, Battle of, Chattanooga, Tenn., 1863 1
Coldwater (Mich.) 1
Diplomatic and consular service -- Belgium 1
Kentucky -- Maps 1
Law -- Anecdotes 1
Lexington, Battle of, Lexington, Mo., 1861 1
Military orders 1
Mill Springs, Battle of, Ky., 1862 1
Muster rolls 1
Postal service -- United States -- Employees 1
Stones River, Battle of, Murfreesboro, Tenn., 1862-1863 1
United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental histories 1
United States marshals 1
Bragg, Braxton, 1817-1876 1
Greeley, Horace, 1811-1872 1
Hooker, Joseph, 1814-1879 1
Minty, R. H. G. (Robert Horatio George), 1831- 1
Parkhurst, John G. (John Gibson), 1824-1906 1
Rosecrans, William S. (William Starke), 1819-1898 1
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Huawei 5G ban: UK networks must strip out equipment by 2027
But the move will delay 5G rollout by two to three years and cost billions.
By Steve Ranger | July 14, 2020 -- 12:56 GMT (05:56 PDT) | Topic: 5G
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UK mobile networks have been told they cannot buy any more 5G equipment from Huawei after the end of this year, and that they must remove the Chinese networking company's technology from their 5G networks by the end of 2027.
The decision is a significant u-turn by the UK government, which only six months ago gave Huawei the green light to play a role in the country's 5G network.
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Culture secretary Oliver Dowden said: "Following US sanctions against Huawei and updated technical advice from our cyber experts, the government has decided it is necessary to ban Huawei from our 5G networks."
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He added: "No new kit is to be added from January 2021, and UK 5G networks will be Huawei-free by the end of 2027."
However, Dowden also revealed the decision will also have an impact on the rollout of 5G in the UK. "This will delay our rollout of 5G," he told Parliament. "This means a cumulative delay to 5G rollout of two to three years and costs of up to £2 billion. This will have real consequences for the connections on which all our constituents rely."
The government said the decision was taken today in a meeting of the National Security Council, chaired by the Prime Minister, in response to US sanctions against the Chinese company imposed in May, which limited the company's access to products built on US semiconductor technology.
Following a review of these sanctions, the UK's cybersecurity agency the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) concluded that as a result Huawei will need to do a "major reconfiguration" of its supply chain.
NCSC decided the new restrictions therefore "make it impossible" to continue to guarantee the security of Huawei equipment in the future.
Huawei said in a statement: "This disappointing decision is bad news for anyone in the UK with a mobile phone. It threatens to move Britain into the digital slow lane, push up bills and deepen the digital divide. Instead of 'levelling up' the government is levelling down and we urge them to reconsider. We remain confident that the new US restrictions would not have affected the resilience or security of the products we supply to the UK." It added: "Regrettably our future in the UK has become politicized, this is about US trade policy and not security."
The row over the Chinese technology company's involvement in the UK's 5G networks has been long and complicated.
The US administration has argued for several years that the use of Huawei equipment in sensitive networks could leave countries at risk of being spied on by the Chinese state, and has lobbied its allies hard to not use Huawei products. Huawei has consistently denied that its equipment could be used by the Chinese government for spying.
The US has not provided evidence to back up its claims. Caught between two superpowers, the UK has been looking for a solution that manages to keep both the US and China relatively happy.
SEE: Huawei, 5G networks and security: How did we end up here?
In January it looked as though the UK had found a way to manage that. After a long review process, the UK government said it would allow Huawei to provide some equipment for the country's 5G networks, although not in the core of the network, and only up to 35% of the non-core network.
But since then Conservative backbench MPs have been pushing for a harder line on China. Then the US further tightened its restrictions on Huawei, which led to the NCSC review and ultimately to today's decision.
Huawei's technology has been used in the UK's networks for many years. And the UK's mobile networks have warned that removing that equipment could take years and cost vast sums – and create outages and security issues along the way.
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