text:
Egyptians dominate squash World Championship Quarter-Finals in Poland
July 20, 2013 Athletic, News
Nour El Sherbini continued her relentless bid to become the first player in history to win a world junior title for a third time by dispatching India's unseeded Sachika Ingale 11-1, 11-3, 11-1.
(Photo courtesy of hastalavista.pl)
By Howard Harding
After another day of action in the WSF World Junior Squash Championships in Poland, Egypt has reinforced its status as the powerhouse nation of junior world squash by securing three places in the men's quarter-finals and six slots in the women's last eight of the World Squash Federation championships at the Hasta La Vista Club in the historical city of Wroclaw.
Top seed Fares Mohamed Dessouki reached the men's quarter-finals for the second successive year after beating Pakistan's 9/16 seed Tayyab Aslam 11-6, 11-8, 11-8 in 54 minutes.
The 18-year-old from Alexandria will now play 5/8 seed Diego Elias for a place in the semi-finals for the first time.
Elias is making history by being the first Peruvian player ever to compete in the championships. The talented 16-year-old from Lima, holder of both the Pan American and South American U19 titles, brushed aside unseeded Englishman Angus Gillams 11-6, 11-6, 11-8.
The only men's quarter-final without any Egyptian interest will present an intriguing clash between 5/8 seed Abdulla Mohamed Al-Tamimi and Englishman Lyell Fuller, the only unseeded player to reach the last eight.
In one of the day's biggest upsets, Fuller, 17, beat Jordanian hope Ahmad Al-Saraj, a 3/4 seed, 11-9, 7-11, 7-11, 11-8, 11-7 in 75 minutes, while Al-Tamimi became the first player from Qatar to reach the event's quarter-finals after defeating Egypt's Osama Khaled Khalifa 11-6, 11-6, 11-1.
Kuwaiti Yousif Nizar Saleh has also created a breakthrough for his country by claiming Kuwait's first appearance in the last eight. The 18-year-old beat England's Bradley Smith 13-11, 11-3, 11-6 to set up a clash with second-seeded Egyptian Karim Ayman El Hammamy.
But the women's event is set to become an all-Egyptian affair: Favourite Nour El Sherbini continued her relentless bid to become the first player in history to win a world junior title for a third time by dispatching India's unseeded Sachika Ingale 11-1, 11-3, 11-1.
The 17-year-old from Alexandria now takes on 16-year-old compatriot Salma Hany Ibrahim, a 5/8 seed who ousted Hong Kong's Asian Junior champion Ho Ka Po 11-2, 11-5, 11-8.
Second seed Nouran Ahmed Gohar is also competing in an all-Egyptian quarter-final, against 5/8 seed Mariam Ibrahim Metwally. Gohar, 15, from Cairo, defeated unseeded New Zealander Rebecca Barnett 11-3, 11-2, 11-3, while Metwally beat USA's Maria Elena Ubina 11-6, 11-5, 11-7.
But standing firmly in the Egyptians' way are 3/4 seed Sabrina Sobhy and 5/8 seed Nele Gilis. Representing the US Sobhy, 16, the younger sister of 2010 champion Amanda Sobhy, defeated England's Nada Elkalaawy 7-11, 11-2, 11-8, 13-11 and will now line up against 9/16 seed Habiba Mohamed Ahmed Alymohmed.
Belgium's Nele Gilis defeated England's Anna Kimberley 11-6, 9-11, 11-9, 11-8. The 17-year-old recently-crowned Pioneer Junior U19 Open champion now faces 3/4 seed Yathreb Adel.
Men's quarter-final line-up:
[1] Fares Mohamed Dessouki (EGY) v [5/8] Diego Elias (PER)
Lyell Fuller (ENG) v [5/8] Abdulla Mohamed Al-Tamimi (QAT)
[9/16] Mohamed El Gawarhy (EGY) v [5/8] Richie Fallows (ENG)
[2] Karim Ayman Elhammamy (EGY) v [5/8] Yousif Nizar Saleh (KUW)
Women's quarter-final line-up:
[1] Nour El Sherbini (EGY) v [5/8] Salma Hany Ibrahim (EGY)
[3/4] Sabrina Sobhy (USA) v [9/16] Habiba Mohamed Ahmed Alymohmed (EGY)
[3/4] Yathreb Adel (EGY) v [5/8] Nele Gilis (BEL)
[2] Nouran Ahmed Gohar (EGY) v [5/8] Mariam Ibrahim Metwally (EGY)
The post Egyptians dominate squash World Championship Quarter-Finals in Poland appeared first on Daily News Egypt.
Junior squash, Poland, squash, world championships


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يشكل فندق Peppers York Cove Tamar Valley بموقعه الممتاز في قلب Tamar Valley نقطة انطلاق ممتازة لاستكشاف وادي تمار. يمكن من هنا للضيوف الاستمتاع بسهولة الوصول إلى كل ما تقدمه هذه المدينة النابضة بالحياة. يوفر الفندق بفضل موقعة الجيد وصولاً سهلاً إلى أهم معالم المدينة.
. يعرف Mantra Group بالمستوى الراقي لخدماته ولباقة موظفيه، وهذا ما ستجده في Peppers York Cove Tamar Valley. إن مرافق مخصصة لذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة, تسجيل وصول/خروج سريع, تخزين الأمتعة, واي فاي في المناطق العامة, رعاية أطفال هي جزء فقط من الخدمات التي تميز Peppers York Cove Tamar Valley عن باقي الفنادق في المدينة.
بالإضافة لهذا,تتضمن كل غرف الضيوف مجموعة واسعة من وسائل الراحة . بعض الغرف توفر حتى تلفزيون بشاشة مسطحة, اتصال لاسلكي بالإنترنت, غرف لغير المدخنين, مكيف هواء, تدفئة لإرضاء أكثر الضيوف تطلباً. يقدم الفندق مجموعة واسعة من وسائل الراحة المتنوعة، كمثل: مركز للياقة البدنية, حمام سباحة خارجي, سبا. مهما كانت دواعي سفرك فإن Peppers York Cove Tamar Valley هو خيار ممتاز لإقامتك في وادي تمار.
Romantic location, roomy apartment, all facilities for self catering, serviced daily, heated pool (30C) , walks around reserve/conservation areas, sensational sunsets, central location for Winery visits. #3002, the one bedroom apt. was superb! All staff were helpful, efficient and had a happy disposition. Food from restaurant was good.
Very good experience! Comfortable! Highly recommended! Very near to watch penguins at low head!
However the coffee I purchased in the morning was lovely.
Peppers basically goes into winter mode with limited staffing and minimal restaurant meal choice. It is still a very pleasant if somewhat deserted environment.
We just spend one night there, Is really worth. We choose there because the location is close to low head that we can join the penguin tour. and the most surprised me which is the beautiful surrounding the hotel. You can even just stay at the hotel for beautiful view. Good price, well equipped room.
Location on the river was superb, staff friendly and helpful. Apartments were nice and large. Location to wineries and tourist spots very good.
The apartment was very spacious. It was fitted out with all the necessecities to accommodate a family. Although there was housekeeping I have to be picky and say the floors were not cleaned for the duration of our stay. The bar stool was peeling and it left a trail of peel all over the floors. The views were astounding and it was very serene. I would definitely visit them again!
We stayed at peppers on our final 2 nights and it was the best 2 nights we had on the 2 week trip. A full kitchen with a dishwasher, washer, dryer (we actually did some washing since there is a dryer). Furnishings were fantastic. Room service offers food from the restaurant at a slightly lower price aside from the food tray fee. ( i can't recall why) Food at the restaurant was average but is fine since we rather finish our meal quickly and retreat to the stunning apartment :) I stayed in room 5004 (I think!) which is on the upper floor and had a view of the yachts on the water. IF only they provided cooking oil aside from the salt n pepper, it would have been perfect. No worries though, I managed some good steaks without adding oil :) We can imagine living in the apartment for an extended period of time. This place has a very strong yay from me!
Absolutely no complaints and would stay there again.
lovely and comfortable. Very laid back. The fish and chip nearby is excellent! It is a must try.
Having booked this hotel for a bit of luxury and relaxation we were disappointed. The heated pool was cold and the hot tub only warm. Our room was not very clean either so all in all disappointing.
WE arrived pleased with our choice and were allocated our room that had direct pool access,great,but no view. the restaurant/function room was directly above our room. which had a wedding reception and guests enjoying the view on the balcony above us overlooking the pool area, Uncomfortable!!the wedding reception finished late sadly the music was audible in our room .congratulation to the bride and groom. Beautiful place for a wedding.sadly i wished they had given us a room away from the festivities.and let the guests attending the wedding enjoy our room.
it takes a little longer to get to peppers york cove than other hotels in the launceston, but it's perfectly located on the water, and the food is exceptional. the only gripe? that the hotel restaurant wasn't open on sunday evenings. the gym also isn't too crash hot for weight lifters, but the lap pool more than makes up for it.
Rooms big and comfortable. Clean and decent. However, restaurants close very early, we arrived a bit late and restaurant just closed. Their staff were super helpful and find the chef to stay a bit later to cook us something for the night. Truly appreciated that. Also the view from the restaurant is super nice for sunset.
Only stayed one night as travelled through. Service was very good. The young manager at front desk very helpful with sight seeing suggestions. Breakfast and dinner (room service) was very good. Facilities and views - modern, clean and pleasing. Have already recommended to friends. Apartment was large, all modern facilities, large bathroom. Ideal place to stay. Highly recommend.


text:
Food & Culture, Newsy
The Skater Girls Next Door
If you have seen the film "Whip It," then you ought to know the L.A. Derby Dolls (LADD). The film was directed by Drew Barrymore and written by Shauna Cross, who was a former Derby Doll, code named "Maggie Mayhem." The fire, the passion, and the dedication have been inherited by Derby Girls for generations since the sport was first created in 1935.
L.A. Derby Dolls don't have much presence in the mainstream presentation of Los Angeles; they are a community of their own. Founded in 2003, LADD is one of California's largest all-female derby leagues with more than 150 adult skaters and 130 junior skaters.
They used to be located at "The Doll Factory" in Filipinotown, but when the wave of gentrification hit the neighborhood, LADD had to move because their old building was turned into a new condo. LADD successfully crowd funded $100,000 through Indiegogo and officially settled down in East Los Angeles, a five-minute drive from Cal State LA.
Skaters at LADD come from all over the country, with very distinctive ethnicities and backgrounds. They have a few adult teams competing actively like Fight Crew, Sirens, Tough Cookies, Varsity Brawlers, and their all-star team the L.A. Ri Ettes. They also have training programs including Junior Derby Dolls, Derby Por Vida, Fresh Meat, March Radness Derby Camp, and wRECK League. Everyone can get involved at the LADD and learn to skate the Derby way.
If you've never been to a Derby game, it kind of resembles football. There are two teams competing against each other, five players on each team, and everyone starts in the box area on the banked oval track. Four players of the team are blockers while one is the jammer. The blockers are guided by the "pivot," which is the leader of the four and usually with a striped helmet. The blockers have to help their jammer pass through while blocking the jammer from the other team. The jammer has to pass through blockers from the opposing team and in the second round, every person she passes counts as a point. The jammer has 60 seconds to score and usually wears a helmet with stars on it. The team that scores the highest points wins.
The game consists of two halves, and each half has two 12-minute periods. It is highly intense with much action. Poliana, a.k.a. Napoleona Dynamite, has been skating for five years and is in her fourth season with the Varsity Brawlers.
"I [first] came with a friend to watch a Derby game and I was captured the very moment," she told the University Times. "I tried out at their community class Derby Por Vida and I was hooked. I got my own gears right after that and I haven't stopped [skating] since."
Poliana also coaches the junior teams, and when asked what was the most important thing is in this sport, she said teamwork with no hesitation. "There are five million things going on at once when you're doing Roller Derby. You need to communicate with your team and to work together to accomplish your strategies." Poliana is very excited about the ongoing season.
Katherine, a.k.a. Kitty Cat Go Boom, also emphasized teamwork as the most important component of a winning team. Originally from Burbank, she has been skating since 2010 and been with the L.A. Derby Dolls since 2014.
"The importance is to get in the zone of being one," she said. "[We need to] figure out how to work as a team. Jammers have to read their blockers and their blockers have to read the jammers." Katherine was attracted to this Roller Derby for being a female dominant sport. She thought it was very empowering for women.
Now residing in East Los Angeles, LADD has already started to attract the local crowds. They are a completely volunteer-run organization. Heather, PR manager of the LADD, expressed that they are a community with family and friends. "We are all volunteers who dedicate their free time to the Derby Dolls. All our families come here, and we almost live here," she said. "L.A. Derby Dolls is a little hidden world that you didn't know about."
The games have been very popular due to their exciting nature as an intense female contact sport. "We love the energy [the skaters] bring to every game," said Noel and Robert, fans and friends of the LADD. "It's really empowering to see women going out there to play such a compact sport. It really is a divey and fun place to spend your Saturday night."
If you are interested in checking out the newly in town skater girls next door, you can find their game schedules on http://derbydolls.com/seasonschedule/. L.A. Derby Girls also offer discounts on student tickets.
April 14, 2016 September 26, 2016 community, competition, derbydolls, game, girls, laderbydolls, local, losangeles, skater, sport
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text:
TCI: Big Blow To Michael Missick And His Team As The DPP Moves With Speed To Stage A Fresh SIPT Trial
#TurksandCaicos, March 19, 2021 – March 1, 2021, will forever remain one of the worst days for Michael Missick and his trial team as the SIPT case took a new, dramatic. Rare shift as the Director of Public Prosecution, Eugene Otuonye, QC, filed for a fresh re-trial in the SIPT case.
After the case, this was officially declared the end on Monday, March 1, 2021, by Madam Chief Justice Mabel Agyemang, raising eyebrows of whether it's justice prevailing or hidden witchhunt.
"Under section 100 of the TCI Constitution, the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) has the sole authority to determine whether to bring and or continue proceedings. He does so guided by the Prosecution Policy (the Policy) published under s100 (6)," read the opening statement of the press release sent out from DPP's office on March 1.
"Since my appointment in January 2019, I have kept this case under review as required by the Policy and applying the full policy test set out in the policy," read DPP's statement in part. The turn even came after the passing of the Trial Judge, Mr. Justice Paul Harrison.
According to the DPP, he ordered a new trial of the case due to its gravity and seriousness of the offences. The DPP also stated the total sitting in the previous trial was less than 45% of the trial days.
"I have given careful consideration to these representations and the relevant and appropriate factors set out in the prosecution policy, including the nature and seriousness of the allegations, the period the alleged offending spanned, which was over many years; the impact on Turks and Caicos Islands Community, including loss of public funds and resources for private gains and the established prima facie culpability of the defendants," read part of the DPP's press release.
In his statement, Mr Eugene Otuonye, QC, also noted that the pieces of evidence provided were satisfied, and the re-trial was purely due to public interest.
The new DPP's decision sparked a protest on the morning of Tuesday of March 2, with the angry protesters flocking the Supreme Court annexe's frontside while terming the decision to renew the graft case as not JUSTICE but oppression.
As things stand, Michael Missick and other accused persons are facing a total of 13 charges: Six (6) counts of bribery charges, three (3) counts of conspiracy to defraud, and four (4) counts of concealing or disguising the proceeds of criminal conduct contrary to section 30 (2)(a) of the Proceeds of Crime Ordinance 1998.
Related Topics:#eugeneotuonye#magneticmedianews#newsipttrialtobegin
Bahamas General Election field crowded; at least 10 political parties to contend
TCI Hospital suspends routine CT services due to COVID-19
DPP with condolences and report on future of SIPT
By Sherrica Thompson
#TurksandCaicos, January 20, 2022 – Sargassum, also known as seaweed, is a natural brown macroalga that lives in temperate and tropical oceans of the world. The floating micro eco-system is important to many species, including baby turtles, little crabs, and tiny fish. All these animals use the floating rafts of the sargassum for protection, shelter, and food.
Over the years, sargassum has been increasing its quantity in the Caribbean due to climate change. As water temperatures increase, sargassum blooms, and as this continues, it occurs in large amounts. This can be dangerous for some marine life because when seaweed washes up on the shore, some species become trapped in the sargassum mat.
Environmental Outreach Coordinator at the Department of Environmental and Coastal Resources for TCI, Amy Avenant, says the Turks and Caicos Islands has not seen the worst of the overgrowth.
"In the Turks and Caicos Islands, we have not seen the full severity of sargassum blooms. Our neighbours in Bonaire, for example, experience up to six feet of sargassum, and they have found stranded dolphins, sea turtles, and sometimes even birds," said Amy Avenant.
"When the sargassum washes up on shore, it starts to decompose, and when it decomposes, it emits methane, and that is the stinky sulfuric eggy smell that you can smell when you walk past it on the beach. It is a bad thing for climate change because of the methane, but it is not harmful to your health."
Turks and Caicos saw this in extreme amounts in October; so severe, resorts were forced to bag and bury the stinky seaweed which for over a week covered the usually sandy white stretch of Grace Bay beach.
Avenant noted that in the TCI, we have a balance between managing the influx of sargassum and impacting the areas where it lands because its influx is correlated to the cycles of the moon.
She also said sargassum can be used as a fertilizer in farming. If you collect it, the advice is to spread it out and ensure you wash the excess salt off before adding to your gardens or farms.
There are also hidden dangers and habitat threats to the piles of sargassum on shorelines.
Avenant informed, when you see sargassum on the beach, ensure you watch out for wildlife that might be stuck and species which might have made a home of the ocean's deposit which has washed up, this is heightened on rocky shores.


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GJ So the graphic card is the "normal" 750Ti, and not the Strix?
Yup, so not the Strix one.
They increased the Strix price again a liitle.
So how is it working now? You told me last night you had a license issue with Windows.
So you have a supa-dupa-computa now? How many AO clients are you running?
But what is your current system so we can compare? Our last chat here was in 2015.


When in the course of online events, it becomes necessary for one people to secure their login information that connects them with another, and to assume among the powers of binary, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Cryptography and of Digital's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of netkind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the securitization.
Give me special characters in my password, or give me death!
My average password combines uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and special characters, with no recognizable words or patterns, and are 58-digits long.
AND I can remember them easily. HAHAHAHAHMWUHAHAHHAHAHMWAMWAMWA.
... is it a problem if my LastPass master password is 'password'?
Wow. You totally missed the point.
Well, that should be your new password!
Lol LastPass makes hacking you EASIER.


text:
About the Foreign Relations Series
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Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume V, Vietnam, 1967
Note: The numbers in this index refer to document numbers.
Abrams, Gen. Creighton W., 94, 119, 131, 171, 236, 325, 347, 416, 445
Acheson, Dean G., 376, 377, 382, 393, 433
Adams, Samuel, 314, 325
Aiken, George, 19
Akalovsky, Alexander, 8, 18, 33, 36, 40, 81, 117, 127
Albert, Carl, 96, 364
Algard, Ole, 201, 276, 287, 330
All-Vietnam Bloc, 242, 281
Allen, George W., 235, 257
Alsop, Joseph, 55, 354
Ambassadorship in Vietnam. See U.S. Mission in Vietnam.
Anh Ba, 452
Anti-war movement. See under U.S. domestic situation.
ANZUS Council, 142
Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) (see also Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict), 24
Abrams' assignment to, 171
Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program, 6, 30, 103, 135
Corruption problem, 295
Co's removal, 12, 31
Effectiveness of, 192, 400
Humphrey's assessment of, 390
I Corps situation, 144
Incompetence problem, 195
Leadership changes, 328
Local populations, relations with, 103, 104
Maximum use of manpower, 236, 237, 255, 270, 347, 395
Mission reorientation, 200
Mobilization for, 210, 238, 419
Popular Forces and Regional Forces, 197, 236, 237
Press coverage, 256
Reorganization of, 21, 45, 131, 238
Ashmore, Harry S., 20, 23, 214, 333, 353
Asian Development Bank, 331
Au Truong Thanh, 21, 237, 243, 246, 249
Aubrac, Raymond, 263, 272, 286, 293, 310, 329, 334, 341, 349, 357, 359, 360, 362, 420
Australia, 197, 269, 270, 317, 341, 442
Ayub Khan, Mohammad, 411
Baggs, William, 20, 34, 214, 333, 353
Ball, George, 270, 376, 377, 382, 393
Bao Dai, 93
Bates, William, 364, 390
Bebler, Ales, 434
Beech, Keyes, 167
Black, Eugene, 331
Blaufarb, Douglas S., 211
"Blueprint for Vietnam" study, 296, 317
Bo. See Mai Van Bo.
Bogdan, Corneliu, 411
Bohlen, Charles E., 310, 315, 321, 324, 326, 329, 333, 334, 340, 359, 360, 363
Bombing of DRV ( see also Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays and Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal under Military program in Vietnam):
Administration briefings for Congressional leadership, 95, 364
Advisers for Johnson re, 22
McGeorge Bundy's views on, 157, 354, 377, 393
William Bundy's analysis of targets, 170
Cessation of, consequences of, 351
Cessation of, terms for, 90
Cessation of in exchange for halt in Soviet military deliveries to DRV, proposed, 268, 275
Chinese border buffer zone, 270, 278, 283
Chinese policy re, 153
Civilian casualties, 84, 372, 393, 409
Clifford-Taylor proposal for escalation, 269, 270
Congressional investigations re, 287
Effectiveness of, 26, 30, 153, 172, 180, 234, 236, 238, 273, 298, 341, 345
CIA reports on, 181
JASON report on, 439
Eisenhower's views on, 130
Expanded strikes of April, 139
Goldberg's de-escalation proposal, 35
Guam Conference discussions, 116
Hanoi area restrictions, 4, 17, 290, 363
Hanoi power station, 173, 174, 175, 176
Impediment to peace efforts, 105, 137
Implacable infliction of pain concept, 172
International considerations, 154
Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, 22, 153, 156, 187, 231, 364
CIA analysis, 180
McNamara's position, 169, 186, 194
Rostow's position, 162, 167, 203
Soviets informed of, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179
Logistical base, 175, 194, 345, 372
Mortar attacks, retaliation for, 261
NSC discussions, 43
Objectives of, 84, 194
Pause in bombing for Tet, 34, 47, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78
Pennsylvania peace initiative and, 290, 292, 310, 322, 323, 324, 327, 336, 337, 339
Phuc Yen airfield, 287, 294, 312, 336, 355, 363
Port facilities, 305, 312, 317, 323
Public attitude toward, 247
Rostow's recommendations for changes, 245
Salisbury's report on, 3
Scenario to mollify U.S. officials, 176
SoVIET Ships damaged by, 188
Target selection, 25, 83, 84, 154, 156, 247, 287, 305, 317, 346
U.S. aircraft losses, 331, 355, 409
Wise Men's views, 376, 377, 393
Booh Viens, Gen., 163
Booton, Bernard, 124
Bowles, Chester, 4
Bradley, Gen. Omar, 157, 376, 377, 382, 384
Brezhnev, Leonid, 64, 330, 425
Brown, George, 15, 34, 39, 41, 46, 49, 58, 63, 137, 154, 173, 174, 363, 427, 428
Brown, Harold, 187, 194, 231, 261
Bruce, David K. E., 15, 39, 41, 46, 49, 51, 56, 57, 58, 59, 63, 64, 72, 173
Bruce, R. L., 109
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 393
Bui Diem, 104, 115, 143, 144, 146, 182, 183, 190, 196, 217, 236, 243, 246, 287, 332, 373, 435
Presidential election in RVN, 266, 342
Report on visit to Saigon, 195
Thieu-Ky government, 260
Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 192, 195, 213
Bunche, Ralph, 123
Bundy, McGeorge, 96, 157, 193, 209
Bombing of DRV, 157, 354, 377, 393
Military program in Vietnam, 385, 393
Negotiation issue, 377, 393
Troop augmentation by U.S., 157, 354
U.S. domestic situation, 157
U.S. information programs, 354, 377, 393
U.S. Mission in Vietnam:
Lodge's successor, selection of, 13, 94, 97
Personnel for, 354
Withdrawal option, 393
Wise Men meetings, 376, 377, 382, 393
Bundy, William P., 3, 8, 9, 14, 17, 32, 40, 47, 50, 52, 57, 59, 60, 61, 68, 76, 81, 85, 91, 99, 103, 104, 153, 162, 177, 196, 213, 214, 224, 241, 242, 259, 276, 288, 301, 306, 318, 323, 327, 361, 367, 371, 395, 399, 402, 417, 421, 424, 435, 447
Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 195
Bombing of DRV:
Chinese border buffer zone, 270, 278
Civilian casualties, 372
Hanoi power station, 174, 175
Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, 156, 174, 175
Logistical base, 175, 372
Pennsylvania peace initiative and, 339
Target selection, 154, 156, 170
Buttercup peace initiative, 405, 423
Chinese-DRV relations, 248
Clifford-Taylor mission, 253
Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
Canadian peace proposal, 204, 227, 339
Cooper-Bundy settlement model, 184
Japanese-DRV discussions, 7
Marigold peace initiative, 15
NLF–U.S. contacts, 7
Quintanilla and Baggs-Ashmore initiatives, 20
Soviet-U.S. discussions, 117
UN resolutions, 156
UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 373
Free World forces in Vietnam, 253
Military program in Vietnam:
Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 154
Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 396
Ground action against DRV option, 154
Haiphong mining option, 154
JCS and State Department recommendations, comparison of, 408
Laos, proposed incursions into, 154
120 Day Program proposal, 426
Reserves call-up issue, 154
Negotiation issue, 154, 227, 248
Pennsylvania peace initiative, 272, 277, 339
Presidential election in RVN, 211
Soviet assistance to DRV, 133
Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 195, 211
Troop augmentation by U.S., 154
U.S. policy on Vietnam, assessment of, 154
Wise Men, 377
Bunker, Ellsworth, 255, 302
Army of the Republic of Vietnam:
Maximum use of manpower, 237
Mobilization for, 419
Popular Forces and Regional Forces, 237
Buttercup peace initiative, 389, 409, 438, 452
Press leaks, 429
Prisoner exchanges, 383, 389, 405, 414, 429, 432, 437, 438
Thieu informed of, 371, 383, 389
U.S. messages to NLF, 432, 438
Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program:
Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program, 199, 446
Komer's relationship with Westmoreland, 119
Province Chiefs' role, 237
RVN's lead officer, 342
Takeoff program, 215, 280
Unified management of integrated civil/military effort, 167, 171, 192
Communist insurgency, order of battle estimates, 297, 325, 370
Congressional testimony, 400
DRV-RVN contacts, 243, 356, 361, 365, 367, 379, 419
NLF-U.S. contacts, 435, 436
UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 373, 392, 419, 435
First 6 months in Saigon, letter on, 377
Guam Conference, 115
Humphrey's Vietnam visit, 390
Johnson's attitude toward, 384
Johnson-Thieu meeting, December, 442, 446
McNamara mission to Vietnam, 233, 236, 237
Acceleration of activities, 400
Anti-infiltration initiatives, 215
Body counts, 409
Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 428, 436
Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 391, 396, 419, 436, 445, 446, 448
Johnson's visit with troops, 442
Laos, proposed incursions into, 215, 237, 409
Progress in, 192, 256
Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal, 410
Pennsylvania peace initiative, 365
Presidential election in RVN, 190, 192, 205, 256, 281, 303
Campaigning by candidates, 264
Censorship concerns, 192, 198, 256
Certification of candidates, 246
Civilian candidates, 229, 237
Demonstrations and protests, 264
Fairness and honesty concerns, 186, 237, 265, 320
Favorable effects, 299
Government harassment of opposition candidates, 205, 280, 295
International observers, 243, 256
Ky-Huong cooperation, 186
Ky's prediction for outcome, 295
Laws re, 129, 158, 192
Loan's involvement on Ky's behalf, 198, 205, 209, 218
Loan's removal, proposal for, 205, 209, 213
Military-civilian balance among candidates, 171, 182
Military's non-participation, 163, 166, 171, 205, 210, 223
Minh's possible candidacy, 223, 226, 237, 243
Minh's support for Huong, 264
NLF reaction, 264
Press coverage, 256, 274
Public relations re, 280
Scheduling of, 192
Thanh's possible candidacy, 237
30 "introductions" requirement, 192
U.S. covert financial support for, 251, 281, 282, 289
U.S. involvement in partisan political trips, 191
Validation of results, 320, 332, 338, 342
Republic of Vietnam:
Buddhist dissidents, 342
Constitution-making, 21
Corruption in government, 338, 342
Dzu's arrest, 332
Economic situation, 391
Elections for House, 335, 342
Elections for local offices, 158, 256
Foreign exchange issue, 114
Land reform, 419
Military's role in government, 264, 279
Montagnard policy, 264
National Reconciliation program, 264
National unity government, proposed, 205
NLF participation in government, 306
Political offensive against NLF, 299
Political situation, 171, 391
Provincial administration, restructuring of, 419
U.S. support for political groups, 288
Thieu-Ky campaign, 237, 303
Certification of, 246, 251
Senate lists, affiliation with, 264
U.S. covert financial support, proposed, 242, 282, 289
U.S. covert role of guidance and advice, 235, 241, 289
Thieu-Ky government:
Addresses to Vietnamese people, U.S. preparation of, 342
Cabinet appointments, 332, 338, 342
Civilian participation, 229, 230, 235, 320
Inauguration of, 366, 379
Ky's authority in, 232, 237, 243, 251, 260, 320
1968 legislative program, 446
Prime Minister appointment, 320, 332, 338, 342
U.S. advisory role, 320, 342
Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 138
Civilian candidates' exploitation of, 182
Generals' attitude toward, 178, 223, 226, 230
Ky's declaration of candidacy, 163, 166, 171
Resolution of conflict, U.S. demands for, 178, 182, 200, 202, 219, 222, 223, 225
Thieu-Ky alliance, decision on, 226, 229, 230, 243
Thieu-Ky talks re, 186, 192, 195, 198, 200
Thieu's declaration of candidacy, 178, 202
Thieu's resentment at Ky's aggressiveness, 202
Thieu's withdrawal, proposed U.S. effort re, 209, 213, 218
Unity of armed forces and, 163, 182, 186, 198
U.S. covert support for Ky, proposed, 209, 213, 218, 224, 288
U.S. intervention, possible, 182
Thieu-Ky relationship, 332
UN talks on Vietnam, NLF participation in, 435
Bunker's appointment as Ambassador, 97
Congressional visits, 436
Embassy Chancery dedication, 342
Personnel for Bunker's team, 119, 150
U.S. policy on Vietnam:
"Blueprint for Vietnam" study, 296
Bunker's mid-year assessment, 220
Bunker-Westmoreland public relations tour, 352
Leverage on newly-elected RVN government, program for exercise of, 301, 366
Political party development, funding for, 398, 417
Postwar development planning, 220, 430
Washington trip, 395, 400, 409
Weekly reports, 158, 171, 182, 186, 192, 200, 215, 220, 237, 256, 264, 280, 291, 299, 320, 338, 342, 379, 391, 419, 426, 446
Burchett, Wilfred, 29, 362, 364, 365
Burke, John R., 211
Burns, Jame. MacGrego., 348
Administration discussions, 341, 409, 420
CIA review of developments, 449
Congressional briefings, 432
Debriefing of Sau Ha, 413
Madame Vang's talks with U.S. officials, 449
Negotiations, NLF terms for, 369, 394
Political aspects, 389, 422, 423
Press leaks re, 422, 423, 429
Prisoner exchanges, 341, 369, 383, 386, 389, 394, 405, 406, 413, 414, 429, 432, 437, 438
Propaganda-related risks for U.S., 406, 438
Byrd, Robert, 262, 364
Calhoun, Arch, 178, 190, 232, 243, 258, 260, 274, 284, 302, 398
Califano, Joseph, 152, 364
Cambodia, 130
Sanctuary for Communist insurgency, 409
U.S.-RVN incursions into, proposed, 149, 154, 347, 403, 404, 408, 428, 436
Canadian peace proposal, 133, 140, 204, 227, 339
Cannon, Howard D., 287
Cao Van Vien, Gen., 21, 115, 119, 145, 163, 166, 171, 186, 195, 210, 223, 226, 236, 237, 266, 295, 328, 332, 342, 406, 412, 413, 432, 438
Carmichael, Stokely, 124
Carver, George A., Jr., 115, 116, 136, 196, 204, 213, 218, 224, 242, 257, 282, 289, 314, 325, 335, 376
Case, Clifford P., 178, 336, 344
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 2, 12, 93, 209, 218, 224, 250, 335
Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, 180
Logistical base, 345
Buttercup peace initiative:
Negotiations, NLF terms for, 394
Communist organization, attack on, 254, 257
Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program, 254
Progress in, 91
Training program, 254
Communist insurgency:
Desertions of DRV regulars, 252
Losses during infiltration, 273
1968 winter-spring campaigning plans, U.S. analyses of, 440
Order of battle estimates, 297, 314, 325
Saigon Station, activities of, 254
U.S. support for Vietnamese political groups, 288, 417
Chang. See Le Chang.
Chen Yi, 165
Chernyakov, Yuri N., 140
Cheslaw, Irving, 427
Chieu Hoi amnesty program, 44, 197
China, People's Republic of, 49, 55, 85, 113, 117, 216, 451
Bombing of DRV and, 153, 162
Cultural Revolution, 153, 154
DRV, relations with, 123, 248
Intervention in Vietnam, possible, 165, 177, 278
U.S.-Chinese discussions re settlement in Vietnam, proposed, 151, 152
Chinh. See Pham Truong Chinh, Brig. Gen.
Chong Il-Kwon, 107
Christian, George, 19, 24, 48, 79, 88, 149, 156, 174, 176, 209, 239, 240, 270, 283, 287, 300, 305, 317, 331, 336, 341, 346, 353, 355, 363, 377, 386, 409, 420, 428, 442
Christopher, Warren, 341
Churchill, Winston, 401
Citizens Committee for Peace with Freedom in Vietnam, 377
Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program, 446
Agent Penetration Operations, 257
Anti-corruption program, 258, 395
ARVN involvement, 6, 30, 103, 135
Census Grievance Program, 257
Expansion of RD teams, 135
Hamlet Evaluation System, 135
Hamlet Informant Program, 257
Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program, 199, 254, 257, 409, 446
Interrogation techniques, 413
Komer's assignment to, 94, 97
Military's involvement, 197
Office of Civil Operations, 30
Personnel requirements, 135, 409
Phoenix program. See Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program above.
Police forces, 135
Presidential election in RVN and, 215
Progress in, 30, 91, 197, 234
Province Interrogation Centers, 257
Province Reconnaissance Units, 257
RVN's lead officer, 186, 342
Security for RD teams, 135
Takeoff program, 199, 215, 280
Thieu's chain of command, 302
Training program, 197, 254
Unified management of integrated civil/military effort, 150, 167, 171, 192
U.S. ground forces' involvement, 1, 30
Wise Men's views, 377
Clark, Joseph, 23, 94
Clifford, Clark M. (see also Clifford-Taylor mission), 96, 193, 204, 433
Bombing of DRV, 22, 269, 270
Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 156
Free World forces in Vietnam, augmentation of, 244, 269, 270
Lodge's successor, selection of, 13
Military program in Vietnam, 238, 388, 428
Wise Men meetings, 376, 377, 382
Clifford-Taylor mission, 238, 240, 247
Johnson's appointment of, 244
Message to U.S. Embassies re, 253
Reports re, 269, 270, 285
Thieu and Ky, meetings with, 255, 256
Co. See Nguyen Huu Co, Gen.
Colby, William E., 7, 133, 22, 254, 350, 371, 409, 424 [Page 1147]
Communist insurgency, 110
Cambodian sanctuaries, 409
Economic and political warfare, 2
Infiltration rate, 30
Intelligence information on, 104
Mining of Saigon channel, 83
1968 winter-spring campaigning plans, U.S. analyses of, 440, 443
Order of battle estimates, 208, 234, 297, 314, 325, 370, 397, 399
RD teams targeted by, 135
Status at beginning of 1967, 2
Strategy of, 2, 6, 347, 368
Success in "small war," 177
Terrorism and assassinations, 103
Volunteers from outside Southeast Asia, 165
Congress, U.S.:
Bunker's testimony, 400
Buttercup peace initiative, 432
Debates and hearings on U.S. policy, 355, 336, 341, 431
Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 96, 364, 373, 421
Funding, 26, 94
Ky's letter to, 291
Negotiation issue, 23
Resolution on U.S. policy, 94
Rusk's refusal to testify, 431
Sunflower peace initiative, 19
Wavering of support for U.S. policy, 262, 344
Cooper, Charles, 119, 150
Cooper, Chester L., 7, 14, 15, 34, 140, 173, 216, 259, 362
Pennsylvania peace initiative, 263, 267, 272, 293
Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks (Sunflower), 39, 41, 46, 49, 51, 53, 56, 58, 59, 63, 64, 80, 137
Cooper, Joh. Sherma., 341
Dam Van Quy, Col., 338, 342
Dan Duc Khoi, 266
Dang. See Tran Bach Dang.
Dang Van Quang, Lt. Gen., 328
Davidson, Daniel I., 272, 361, 367
Davidson, Gen. Phillip, 208, 314, 325, 347
Davis, Nathaniel, 427
Davis, Richard, 411
De Gaulle, Charles, 7
Dean, Arthur, 376, 377, 382
Dean, John, 38, 407
Dean, Si. Patric., 15, 137, 427
Defense Communications Planning Group, 121
Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) (see also Bombing of DRV ; Communist insurgency; Pennsylvania peace initiative; Sunflower peace initiative):
China, relations with, 123, 248
Canadian peace proposal, 140
DRV-RVN contacts, 236, 243, 304, 356, 361, 365, 367, 379, 402, 415, 419, 442
French-DRV discussions, 248
Indian-DRV discussions, 4
Italian-DRV discussions, 27
Japanese-DRV discussions, 7, 259
Kennedy peace proposal, 38
Norwegian-DRV discussions (Ohio initiative), 201, 276, 287, 330
Romanian-DRV discussions (Packers initiative), 411
Thant peace proposal, 98, 117, 123
U.S. proposals to DRV for talks, 127, 395
Negotiation issue:
DRV attitude toward negotiations, 177
DRV conditions for talks, 29, 35, 82, 201, 214, 216, 248, 329, 451
DRV reassessment of policy, possible, 227, 248, 252
Presidential election in RVN and, 92, 146
Salisbury's visit, 3
Soviet Union, relations with, 128, 133, 177, 425
Thant, attitude toward, 201
U.S. operations within, 350
DePuy, Maj. Gen. W. E., 135, 147, 309
Diem. See Bui Diem .
Diep Van Hung, 237
Dillon, Douglas, 376, 377, 382
Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam (see also Buttercup peace initiative; Pennsylvania peace initiative; Sunflower peace initiative), 30
Administration briefing for Congressional leadership, 364
Bebler's initiative, 434
Chinese-U.S. discussions, proposed, 151, 152
Counter-productive nature of post-Sunflower initiatives, 137
DRV-RVN contacts, 236, 243, 304, 356, 361, 365, 367, 379, 415, 419, 442
U.S. text for message from Thieu to Ho Chi Minh, 402
Eastern European initiatives, 357
ICC initiative, 4, 14
Indonesian initiative, 227
JCS cease-fire plan, 184
Johnson's recapitulation of, 96
Kennedy peace proposal, 38, 83, 96, 101, 105
Khanh's initiative with NLF, 407
Marigold peace initiative, 4, 7, 15, 117, 317
NLF-U.S. contacts, 7, 435, 436
Pell-Bo contacts, 214
Phase A-Phase B formula, 9
Polish-U.S. discussions, 9
Pope's appeal for negotiations, 42
Primrose peace initiative, 14
Publicity re secret initiatives, 420
RVN-NLF contacts, 133, 185, 330, 395, 401
Shah of Iran's initiative, 341, 411
Soviet-U.K. discussions, 173
Soviet-U.S. discussions, 4, 7, 85, 117, 133, 341
Johnson-Kosygin Summit, 206, 207, 216, 217
Soviet-U.S. initiatives, U.S. strategy for, 193
Soviet-U.S. joint guarantee of settlement, 165
Thant peace proposal, 98, 101, 107, 108, 111, 112, 117, 123
UN resolutions, 151, 152, 156
UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 311, 317, 319, 373, 377, 392, 419, 421, 427, 428, 435
U.S. reassessment of policy following failure of Sunflower, 83
Verification issue, 90
Dirksen, Everett M., 19, 96, 336, 341, 344, 346, 348, 364
Do. See Tran Van Do.
Do Nhu Cong, 413
Do Phat Quang, 259
Dobrynin, Anatoliy F., 4, 7, 17, 34, 46, 85, 96, 117, 127, 137, 140, 154, 175, 206, 268
Don. See Tran Van Don, Gen.
Donald, Richard, 278
Dong. See Pham Van Dong .
Donovan, Hedley, 353, 386
Douglas, Paul H., 377
Dow, John G., 195
Draft Presidential Memorandum. See under Military program in Vietnam
Dunlap, Thomas, 258
Duong Van Minh, Gen., 21, 132, 223, 226, 237, 243, 246, 264
Duzer, Roger, 3
Dzu. See Truong Dinh Dzu.
Eban, Abba, 336
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 130, 217, 252, 268, 275, 384, 409, 426
Ellsberg, Daniel, 131
Enthoven, Alain, 155, 233
Estabrook, Robert, 36
Fanfani, Amintore, 27
Fedorenko, Nikolai, 123
Findley, Paul, 101
Fleming, Arthur, 287
Flowerree, Charles, 116
Fomin, Alexandr, 357
Fortas, Abe, 96, 355, 357, 377, 382, 387, 433
Fowler, George, 314
Fowler, Henry, 193
France, 7, 38, 248
Frankel, Max, 244
Freeman, Fulton, 20
Free World forces in Vietnam, 110, 409, 436
Augmentation of, 159, 238, 239, 240, 244, 253, 269, 270, 317, 341
Congressional resolution on, 346
Governments' views concerning war, 269, 270
McPherson's report on, 197
Summit of troop-contributing nations, proposed, 142, 247, 353
U.S. mission to ally governments. See Clifford-Taylor mission.
Fulbright, J. William, 19, 23, 44, 96, 124, 157, 197, 207, 262, 287, 331, 341, 355, 377, 390, 431
Galbraith, Joh. Kennet., 124, 377
Gandhi, Indira, 421
Garthoff, Raymond, 193
Gaud, William, 119, 238
Gavin, James, 377
Geneva Conference, proposed reconvening of. See Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks under Sunflower peace initiative.
Giap. See Vo Nguyen Giap, Gen.
Ginsburgh, Col. Robert N., 98, 261, 268, 296, 309
Glassboro Summit, 206, 207, 216, 217
Gleysteen, Culver, 392
Goldberg, Arthur J., 5, 23, 80, 162, 331, 353, 377, 392
Bombing of DRV, 35
Thant peace proposal, 98, 107, 108, 112, 123
UN resolutions, 152, 156
UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 311, 319, 373, 419, 421, 428, 435
Goldwater, Barry, 23
Goodpaster, Lt. Gen. Andrew J., 130, 135, 268, 275, 309, 384
Gore, Albert, 431
Gore-Booth, Paul, 46
Graham, Billy, 287
Greene, Frederick, 3, 204, 267, 276
Greene, Gen. Wallace M., Jr., 309, 313
Gromyko, Andrei, 133, 341
Gronouski, John A., 4, 9
Guam Conference, 106, 109, 115, 116, 117, 119, 123
Guevara, Che, 2
Guthrie, John, 8, 16, 18, 29, 32, 33, 36, 40, 81
Ha. See Sau Ha.
Ha Thuc Ky, 190, 237, 295, 320
Ha Van Lau, Col., 98, 248
Habib, Philip C., 195, 196, 204, 211, 224, 241, 259, 267, 269, 272, 301, 356, 392, 395, 396, 402, 405, 417, 423, 447
Hagerty, Jim, 400
Haines, Gen. Ralph, 404
Halls, Michael, 63
Hanh. See Nguyen Huu Hanh .
Harkins, Gen. Paul D., 197
Harriman, W. Averell, 7, 14, 15, 41, 49, 50, 85, 108, 115, 174, 205, 237, 259, 272, 318, 367, 395, 402
Hanoi-area restrictions, 17
Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, Soviets informed of, 174, 179
Pause for Tet, 34
RVN-NLF contacts, 330
Shah of Iran's initiative, 411
Soviet-U.S. discussions, 133, 206, 217
NLF surrender issue, 330
Negotiation issue, 228, 380, 393, 433
Republic of Vietnam, NLF participation in government, 292
Soviet-DRV relations, 133, 425
Wise Men meetings, 377, 380
Hart, John L., 91, 213, 218, 224, 232, 289, 302
Hart, Philip A., 195
Hartke, R. Vance, 22
Harvey, James, 354
Hayden, Carl, 364, 390
Hayden, Thomas, 406, 414
Heckler, Margaret, 287
Heineman, Ben, 157
Helms, Richard M., 20, 91, 136, 162, 170, 174, 175, 177, 193, 194, 204, 209, 238, 250, 283, 305, 351, 355, 364, 395, 422, 424
Cessation of in exchange for halt in Soviet military deliveries to DRV, proposed, 268
Effectiveness of, 180, 298, 341, 345
Buttercup peace initiative, 369, 383, 389, 394, 406, 409, 413, 420, 429, 432, 437, 438, 449, 452
CIA Saigon Station, activities of, 254
Communist insurgency, order of battle estimates, 314, 325, 397, 399
Intelligence collection activities in Vietnam, 350
Pennsylvania peace initiative, 308, 336, 341, 353, 362, 363
Unfavorable outcome of the war, implications of, 316
U.S. information programs, 336
Hertz, Gustav, 414
Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 19, 364
Hoang Co Binh, 320
Hoang Man'Tu, 8, 18, 33, 36, 81, 117, 127
Hoang Tung, 20
Hoang Xuan Lam, Gen., 145, 163, 328, 332
Ho Chi Minh, 6, 227, 248, 329
U.S. proposals to DRV for talks, 127
Johnson's correspondence with, 40, 82, 117, 127
Pope's correspondence with, 42
Prisoners of war, 450
Sunflower peace initiative, 40, 82, 117
Hollings, Ernest F., 262
Holt, Harold, 154, 193, 244, 270, 317, 442
Holyoake, Keith, 270
Hoopes, Townsend, 25
Hoyt, Palmer, 386
Huan, Col., 432, 438
Hughes, Thomas L., 224, 248, 252, 259, 276, 278, 279, 287, 350
Humphrey, Hubert H., 76, 113, 174, 249, 291, 364, 390, 422, 428
Humphreys, Gen., 116
Huong. See Tran Van Huong.
Hutchinson, Brig. Gen., 116
Hyland, William, 314, 325
Iliescu, Marin, 411
India, 4
Indonesia, 113, 227, 390
Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program (ICEX), 199, 254, 257, 409, 446
Institute of Defense Analysis, 439
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 450
International Control Commission (ICC), 4, 14, 90
Isham, Heyward, 109, 272, 361, 362, 396, 402
Italy, 27
Jackson, Henry, 95, 355
Jacobson, George, 232, 302
Japan, 7, 154, 259, 356, 367, 402, 419
JASON report on bombing of DRV, 439
Javits, Jacob, 84
Jernegan, John D., 14
Jessup, Peter, 417, 424
Johnson, Gen. Harold K., 294, 305, 309, 317, 404
Johnson, Lyndon B., 1, 6, 13, 21, 24, 30, 31, 34, 41, 44, 51, 61, 91, 118, 133, 135, 158, 163, 171, 174, 178, 185, 186, 192, 202, 205, 209, 212, 218, 223, 226, 229, 230, 237, 254, 256, 264, 265, 266, 280, 291, 295, 299, 309, 320, 334, 342, 351, 359, 360, 361, 365, 366, 379, 391, 394, 415, 419, 426, 446, 452
Acheson's relationship with, 433
Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 200, 400
McGeorge Bundy's assessment of, 157, 354
Civilian casualties, 84, 409
Effectiveness of, 172, 180, 181, 298, 341, 345
Hanoi-area restrictions, 363
Hanoi power station, 173
Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, 22, 162, 167, 169, 180, 194, 203
Pause in bombing for Tet, 47, 54, 57, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78
Phuc Yen airfield, 294, 312, 336, 355, 363
Port facilities, 305, 312, 317
Scenario to mollify all U.S. officials, 176
Target selection, 25, 83, 84, 287, 305, 317, 346
U.S. aircraft losses, 355, 409
Bunker, attitude toward, 384
Administration discussions, 409
Political aspects, 422
Press leaks re, 422
Prisoner exchanges, 369, 386, 405, 438
Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program, 94, 97, 150, 167, 215, 409
Reports, 269, 270, 285
Thieu and Ky, meetings with, 255
Order of battle estimates, 397, 399
Strategy of, 368
DRV-RVN contacts, 442
Marigold peace initiative, 4, 15, 317
Soviet-U.S. discussions, 206, 207, 216, 217
Thant peace proposal, 101, 111, 112, 123
UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 311, 317, 319, 373, 421, 428
Eisenhower's conversation with, 384
Summit of troop-contributing nations, proposed, 247, 353
Guam Conference, 106, 115, 116, 119
Ho Chi Minh's correspondence with, 40, 82, 117, 127
International trip in December, 442, 446
Kennedy's conflict with, 124
Kosygin's correspondence with, 175, 179
Kosygin's meetings with, 206, 207, 216, 217
Mansfield's relationship with, 151
McNamara mission to Vietnam, 238
McNamara's departure from Defense Department, 375
Acceleration of activities, 83, 84, 347, 357, 400
Air support for ground troops, 305
Anti-infiltration initiatives, 121, 313
Body counts, 400, 409
DMZ redeployment, 341, 344
Draft Presidential Memorandum, 177, 194
Haiphong mining option, 83
Johnson's visible command of campaign, proposed, 393
Laos, military overflights of, 420
McNamara's criticism of Westmoreland's management, 239
Operation Shenandoah, 355
Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal, 375, 378, 381, 385, 387, 403, 404, 410, 441
"Stalemate" issue, 287
"Stick-it-out" scenario, 381
"War that can't be won" issue, 238
Westmoreland's vision for 1967, 28
Administration discussions with Congressional leaders, 23
DRV reassessment of policy, possible, 252
Forms of negotiation, U.S. internal debate re, 87
Troop augmentation by U.S. and, 221
U.S. public relations re, 111, 113
Administration discussions, 317, 336, 341, 346, 348, 353, 355, 357, 363
Bombing of DRV and, 336
DRV conditions for talks, 315
Intelligence reports on, 308
Katzenbach's assessment of, 337
San Antonio formula for peace, 340, 348
Termination of, 362
U.S. messages to DRV, 321, 348, 349
U.S. public statements re, 355, 363
Presidential election in RVN:
Fairness and honesty concerns, 236
Fraud allegations, 336
Guam Conference discussions, 115, 116
International implications, 285
International observers, 283, 287, 294, 303, 305
Johnson's letter to Thieu and Ky re, 284
Results of, 303
Summit of Vietnam allies and, 247
U.S. covert financial support for, 250
Re-election bid, 341
Constitution-making, 115, 120
Land reform, 115, 116
NLF participation in government issue, 305, 444
Rusk's refusal to testify before Congress, 431
Soviet-DRV relations, 425
State of the Union speech, 11
Sunflower peace initiative:
Arrangements for talks, 16
Collapse of, 77, 79, 82
DRV response to U.S. proposal, 29
Johnson's correspondence with Ho Chi Minh, 40, 82
Johnson's discussions with Congressional leaders re, 19
Kennedy's criticism of U.S. handling of, 122, 124
Publication of Johnson-Ho correspondence, 117
Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks, 39, 46, 48, 55, 57, 58, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 79, 137, 207
U.S. contingency planning, 54
U.S. proposal for secret talks, 5
Thieu and Ky, communications with, 144, 284, 285, 303, 405
Thieu and Ky, meetings with, 115, 442, 446
Thieu-Ky campaign, 303
Thieu-Ky government, inauguration of, 331, 341
Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict:
Resolution of conflict, U.S. demands for, 143, 178, 219, 222, 225
Unity of armed forces and, 144
U.S. intervention issue, 189
Troop augmentation by U.S.:
Deployments of troops, 287, 409
Johnson's decision re, 238, 240
Negotiation issue and, 221
Publicity re, 244, 248
Vietnamese manpower utilization and, 159
Westmoreland's defense of his request, 149
U.S. domestic situation:
Anti-war movement, 341, 363
Communist takeover concerns, 386
U.S. information programs, 336, 341, 346, 348, 352, 386
Lodge's resignation as Ambassador, 86
Lodge's successor, selection of, 23, 37, 83, 94, 97
U.S. policy on Vietnam, 88
McGeorge Bundy's assessment of, 157
Congressional debates and hearings, 336, 355, 341, 431
Congressional resolution on, 94
Congressional support, wavering of, 262, 344
Funding for, 11, 26, 94
McPherson's report on Vietnam visit, 197
Objective of policy, proposed change in, 401
Planning for 1968, 395
Postwar development planning, 115
Unfavorable outcome, implications of, 316
Wise Men's consideration of, 376, 377
Wilson's correspondence with, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 74
Johnson, Tom, 76, 238, 239, 240, 244, 270, 300, 364, 390, 420, 428
Johnson, U. Alexis, 100, 407
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 30, 110
Cessation of bombing, terms for, 90
Effectiveness of, 439
Objectives of, 194
Pause in bombing for Tet, 47
Target selection, 25, 317
Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 90, 184, 227
Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 396, 404, 418, 436
Defeat-related concerns, 309
Draft Presidential Memorandum, 187
Operation York II, 418
JCS position, 141, 177, 186
Jones, James "Jim," 124, 205, 225, 226, 287, 305, 317, 377, 386
Jorden, William J., 14, 106, 144, 164, 185, 197, 212, 266, 272, 295, 296, 300, 304, 350, 356
Kaiser, Philip, 80
Kaplan, Harold, 300, 348
Katzenbach, Nicholas deB. (see also McNamara mission to Vietnam), 8, 20, 38, 47, 57, 76, 81, 83, 147, 149, 154, 156, 162, 170, 193, 205, 209, 213, 214, 216, 222, 241, 253, 269, 270, 278, 301, 318, 327, 335, 367, 372, 396, 405, 421, 423, 447
McGeorge Bundy's recommendations, 354
Cessation of bombing in exchange for halt in Soviet military deliveries to DRV, proposed, 268
Pennsylvania peace initiative and, 336, 337
Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 152, 184, 319, 395, 401
Free World forces in Vietnam, augmentation of, 244
Pennsylvania peace initiative, 277, 333, 336, 337, 357
Run-off issue, 148
Validation of results, 242
Press coverage of Vietnam, 238
Republic of Vietnam economic situation, 395
Sunflower peace initiative, 333
Thieu-Ky government, inauguration of, 331
Dual candidacies, consequences of, 196
Resolution of conflict, U.S. demands for, 219, 225
U.S. covert support for Ky, proposed, 224
"Prognosis for Vietnam" report, 374
RVN's increased responsibility, 401
Kaul, T. N., 4, 14
Kennan, George, 377
Kennedy, Edward M., 341
Kennedy, Jacqueline, 292, 414
Kennedy, Robert F., 7, 38, 44, 55, 83, 96, 101, 105, 122, 124
Khang. See Le Nguyen Khang, Gen.
Khanh. See Nguyen Khanh.
Kieu. See Nguyen Van Kieu.
Kilpatrick, James J., 287
Kinh, Amb., 8
Kirbow, Charles, 287
Kissinger, Henry A., 227
Administration assessments of, 317
Pennsylvania peace initiative:
Bombing of DRV and, 290, 310, 322, 324, 327
DRV messages to U.S., 343
Instructions for Kissinger, 272, 277, 307, 318, 323, 333, 358
Kissinger-Bo meeting, proposed, 307, 310, 322, 324, 326, 329, 334, 340, 349
Kissinger's meetings with Marcovich and Aubrac, 286, 359, 360, 362
Marcovich-Aubrac meetings with DRV officials, 263, 293, 310, 324, 326, 329, 334, 341, 349
Re-opening of contacts, possible, 420
Secrecy concerns, 315, 333, 420
U.S. messages to DRV, 318, 321, 322, 329, 349
Kistiakowsky, George, 313
Knight, John, 317
Kohler, Foy D., 8, 34, 46, 76, 85, 121, 133, 170, 174, 259, 335, 417, 424
Komer, Robert W., 6, 100, 149, 171, 190, 230, 232, 238, 302, 328
Bombing of DRV, 234
Anti-corruption program, 258
Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program, 199, 254, 409, 446
Personnel requirements, 409
Progress in, 234
Order of battle estimates, 208, 234, 297, 314, 325, 370
Guam Conference, 115, 116, 119
Laos, proposed incursions into, 234, 347
NLF, proposed focus on, 147
Progress in, 91, 208, 234, 347
Westmoreland's replacement with Abrams, consideration of, 347
Presidential election in RVN, 30, 274
Troop augmentation by U.S., 147, 159, 189
Lodge's successor, selection of, 13, 37
U.S. policy on Vietnam, 24, 91
Visit to Vietnam (Feb.), 91
Korea, Republic of, 197, 269, 270
Koren, Henry L. T., 135
Kosygin, Alexei N., 15, 34, 128, 137, 236, 364, 420, 425
Johnson's correspondence with, 175, 179
Soviet-U.S. discussions re Vietnam, 85
Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks, 39, 40, 41, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 55, 58, 59, 64, 65, 68, 80
Kraft, Joseph, 313, 355
Kramer, Barry, 422
Kraslow, David, 420
Krimer, William D., 216
Krulak, Lt. Gen. Victor H., 6
Kuchel, Thomas, 341
Ky. See Nguyen Cao Ky, Air Vice Marshal.
La Pira, Giorgio, 27
Laise, Carol, 138
Lam (RVN), 445, 448
Lam, Gen. See Hoang Xuan Lam, Gen.
Lam, Maj., 132
Lansdale, Edward G., 12, 119, 138, 232, 258, 302, 320
Laos, 49, 51, 130
U.S. military overflights, 420
U.S.-RVN incursions into, proposed, 149, 154, 215, 234, 237, 317, 347, 403, 404, 408, 409, 428
Lapham, 398
Larmon, Sigard, 386
Larson, Gen., 192, 287, 317
Le Chang, 8, 16, 18, 29, 33, 36, 40, 81
Le Nguyen Khang, Gen., 145, 196, 332, 342
Le Phuoc Sang, 192, 338, 342
Le Quang Liem, 338
Le Tung Son, 98
Lee Kuan Yew, 355
LeMay, Gen. Curtis, 157
Leonhart, William, 159, 167, 238, 301, 374, 409
Lewandowsky, Januscz, 7
Lilienthal, David, 91, 92, 115, 430
Lincoln, Abraham, 127
Linh Quang Vien, Gen., 145, 338
Lippmann, Walter, 157, 354
Loan. See Ngo Minh Loan; Nguyen Ngoc Loan, Gen.
Loc. See Nguyen Van Loc ; Vinh Loc, Gen.
Locke, Eugene, 97, 115, 158, 166, 189, 190, 192, 197, 209, 210, 223, 232, 234, 238, 274, 296, 302, 317, 342, 389, 398, 406, 412, 413, 415
Lodge, Henr. Cabo., 27, 100
Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 45, 103, 104
Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program, 30, 103, 377
Communist insurgency, 103, 104
Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 7, 112, 133
Farewell call on Ky, 146
Military program in Vietnam, 44, 121, 377, 393
National Liberation Front, recruitment by, 104
Postwar planning, 92
"American candidate" issue, 132
DRV, effect on, 92
Laws re, 129
Major presidential slates, 21
Military-civilian balance among candidates, 125, 126, 129
Minh's possible candidacy, 132
Organization by candidates, importance of, 134
Security for candidates, 129, 132
U.S. involvement issue, 92
U.S. objectives re, 99
Civil-military coupling in government, 44
Constitution-making, 21, 45, 92, 116, 120, 129
Demonstrations against "false peace," 93
Elections for local offices, 92
Military's role in government, 92, 102
National Reconciliation program, 92
Negotiations, position on, 109
NLF participation in government issue, 44, 92
Sunflower peace initiative, 52, 75
Coup, potential for, 145
Generals' attitude toward, 138, 145
Ky's views, 118
Personnel for Bunker's team, 119
Long, Russell, 364
Loory, Stuart, 420
Lucet, Charles E., 317
Lucey, Archbishop, 287
Lyng, John, 201
MacDonald, Donald, 116, 288
Macovescu, Gheorghe, 411
Mahon, George, 364, 390
Mai Thi Vang, 429, 432, 437, 438, 449, 452
Mai Tho Truyen, 256
Mai Van Bo, 3, 7, 14, 20, 227
Marcovich-Aubrac meetings with DRV officials, 263, 293, 310, 324, 326, 329, 334, 341, 343, 349, 357, 362
Thieu, attitude toward, 329
Malaysia, 113, 390
Male, Ray, 159
Manac'h, Etienne, 38, 83, 248
Manatos, Mike, 364
Mankiewicz, Frank, 124
Mansfield, Mike, 96, 273, 331, 341, 442
Congressional debates, 336, 341
Congressional hearings, Rusk's refusal to testify at, 431
Congressional resolution, 94
UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 311, 319, 373
Johnson's relationship with, 151
Military's anti-infiltration initiatives, 151
Mantle, Mickey, 111
Mao Tse Tung, 2, 153
Marcovich, Herbert, 263, 286, 293, 310, 315, 322, 324, 326, 329, 333, 334, 337, 341, 343, 349, 357, 359, 360, 362, 420
Marks, Leonard, 119, 240, 287
Marshall, Gen. George C., 130, 377
Martin, Everett, 342
Martin, Paul J., 4, 133, 204, 227, 339, 377, 421, 434
Matthews, H. Freeman, 269
Maurer, Io. Gheorgh., 357, 380, 411
McCarthy, Eugene, 355
McCarthy, Richard, 346
McChristian, Maj. Gen. Joseph A., 325
McCloskey, Robert, 7
McCloy, John, 433
McConnell, Gen. John P., 294, 309, 313, 317, 420
McCormack, John, 291
McCormack, Thomas, 364
McCullough, Frank, 132
McEwen, John, 442
McGee, Gale, 377, 428
McGrory, Mary, 83
McMahon, William, 341
McNamara, Robert S. (see also McNamara mission to Vietnam), 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 19, 24, 37, 87, 88, 90, 96, 108, 115, 147, 149, 154, 156, 157, 174, 180, 189, 193, 203, 209, 225, 244, 253, 262, 269, 318, 384, 386, 400
Administration briefings for Congressional leadership, 364
Chinese border buffer zone, 283
Effectiveness of, 26, 181, 236, 238, 341, 439
Impediment to peace efforts, 105
Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, 169, 186, 194, 231
Pause in bombing for Tet, 47, 54, 62, 77, 78
Phuc Yen airfield, 294, 336, 355, 363
Port facilities, 305, 317
Target selection, 25, 83, 84, 247, 287, 305, 317, 346
Buttercup peace initiative, 383, 389, 406, 409, 413, 420, 429, 432, 437, 438, 449, 452
Communist organization, attack on, 257
COMUSMACV charged with responsibility for, 167
Kennedy peace proposal, 105
UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 319, 428
Augmentation of, 238, 240, 317, 341
Summit of troop-contributing nations, proposed, 353
Johnson re-election bid issue, 341
Anti-infiltration initiatives, 121, 313, 331, 377
DMZ redeployment, 341
Draft Presidential Memorandum, 161, 177, 194
Equipment situation, 409
Haiphong mining option, 84, 105, 330
Reserves call-up issue, 177, 186, 363
National Liberation Front surrender issue, 330
Negotiations between NLF and RVN, necessity of, 228
Instructions for Kissinger, 307
McNamara's assessment of, 330
U.S. messages to DRV, 348
U.S. public statements re, 355
Press coverage of Vietnam, 238, 240
NLF participation in government, 292, 305
Resignation, 375
Rusk's position on Vietnam, criticism of, 228
Sunflower peace initiative, 57, 71, 76, 77, 79
Ceiling on deployments, agreement re, 233
Enthoven's position, 155
Johnson's decision re, 240
McNamara's recommendation for smaller increase, 161, 186, 238
Westmoreland-Sharp request, 177
U.S. domestic situation, 177, 341, 363
U.S. Mission in Vietnam, 13, 97, 119
U.S. policy in Vietnam:
Credibility problems of U.S. officials, 352
Ending war in 1967, McNamara's focus on, 105
Funding for, 26
Wise Men, 376, 377
Briefing for Johnson, 238
Meetings in Vietnam, 233, 236, 237
McNaughton, John T., 7, 20, 115, 121, 131, 133, 161, 162, 169, 177, 227
McPherson, Harry C., Jr., 185, 189, 192, 197, 238, 291, 352, 364, 431
Meehan, Francis J., 285
Meeker, Leonard, 188
Menzies, Si. Rober., 336, 341
Michalowski, Jerzy, 9
Middle East crisis, 195
Military program in Vietnam (see also Bombing of DRV ; Free World forces in Vietnam; Prisoners of war; Troop augmentation by U.S.):
Acheson's views, 433
Air support for ground troops, 305, 409
Anti-infiltration initiatives, 115, 116, 121, 151, 215, 313, 331, 377
Body counts, 197, 400, 409
Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 149, 154, 347, 403, 404, 408, 428, 436
Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 391, 396, 404, 409, 412, 415, 418, 419, 436, 442, 445, 446, 447, 448
Dak To fighting, 400
Draft Presidential Memorandum, 161, 187, 194, 177
Equipment situation, 238, 409
Haiphong mining option, 83, 84, 105, 154, 330
In-place teams, 350
Intelligence collection activities, 350
Laos, proposed incursions into, 149, 154, 215, 234, 237, 317, 347, 403, 404, 408, 409, 428
Low manpower programs, emphasis on, 6
Naval operations, 350
120 Day Program proposal, 418, 426
Operation Hickory, 176
Operation Junction City, 104, 116, 130
Order of battle estimates re Communist insurgency. See under Communist insurgency.
Press coverage of combat missions, 386
Progress in, 30, 91, 116, 177, 192, 208, 234, 238, 256, 287, 347
Reserves call-up issue, 154, 177, 186, 363
Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal:
McGeorge Bundy's position, 385
Bunker's position, 410
Clifford's position, 388
Fortas' position, 387
McNamara's draft for Johnson, 375
Rostow's position, 378
Rusk's position, 403
Taylor's position, 381
Westmoreland's position, 404
"Stalemate" issue, 275, 287
Vietnamese attitude toward U.S. presence, 44
"War zone" tactic, 197
Westmoreland's concept of, 416
Westmoreland's replacement by Abrams, consideration of, 347
Miller, Jack, 287
Miller, Robert H., 21, 99, 196, 300, 301, 402
Minh. See Duong Van Minh, Gen.
Minh, Gen., 332
Momyer, Gen. William H., 116, 275, 287
Monnet, Jean, 430
Montagnards, 158, 264
Montague, Robert, 342
Moor, Dean, 325
Moorer, Adm. Thomas H., 309
Morse, Wayne, 96, 152, 373, 431
Morton, Thruston B., 344
Moss, John, 364
Moyers, Bill, 274
Murphy, Robert, 83, 376, 377, 382, 393
Murray, Don, 41, 46, 49, 63
Murtopo, Col. Ali, 227
Muskie, Edmund, 124, 336
Nakayama, Amb., 419
Narasimhan, 123
National Liberation Front (NLF) (see also Buttercup peace initiative; Communist insurgency):
Appeal for Vietnamese peasants, 197
Bunker fortifications, 197
Defections from, 197
Elections, pledge re, 299
Military program in Vietnam, NLF as focus of, 147
NLF-RVN negotiations, necessity of, 228
Soviet insistence on NLF participation, 364
Presidential election in RVN, reaction to, 264
Recruitment by, 104, 197
RVN government, NLF participation issue, 44, 92, 292, 305, 306, 444
Surrender issue, 330
National Security Action Memoranda:
No. 328, 89
No. 362, 167
National Security Council (NSC):
568th meeting, 43
575th meeting, 319
Special Committee, 193
Ne Win, 5, 377
Negotiation issue (see also Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam):
William Bundy's position, 154
Cessation of bombing, consequences of, 351
Military operations during negotiations, 90
RVN position, 109
Soviet perspective on U.S. policy re negotiations, 85
U.S. allies' role in negotiations, 90
U.S. public relations re, 1, 90, 111, 113
Negotiations Committee, 34, 133, 267, 272
New Zealand, 269, 270
Ngo Dinh Nhu, 302
Ngo Minh Loan, 201, 276, 287, 330
Nguyen Bao Tri, Gen., 163, 195, 232, 266, 332, 342
Nguyen Be, Maj., 197
Nguyen Cao Ky, Air Vice Marshal (see also Thieu-Ky campaign; Thieu-Ky government; Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict), 44, 100, 158
Co's removal, 12
Local populations, relations with, 104
Bombing pause for Tet, 75
Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 391, 396
Takeoff program, 280
Communist insurgency, intelligence information on, 104
Congress (U.S.), letter to, 291
DRV-RVN contacts, 243, 361, 365
Guam Conference, 106, 115
Johnson's communications with, 144, 284
Johnson's meetings with, 115
Lodge's farewell call, 146
McPherson's assessment of, 197
DRV, effect on, 92, 146
Government harassment of opposition candidates, 205, 212, 213, 295
International observers, 243
Ky-Huong cooperation, 186, 195, 197, 198
Ky's defense of electoral process to U.S. critics, 291
Loan's involvement on Ky's behalf, 195, 197, 198, 209, 211, 218
Loan's removal, proposal for, 213
Military president, need for, 12
Military's non-participation, 210
Scheduling of, 104, 195
Security for candidates, 129
30 "introductions" requirement, 192, 195
Validation of results, 320, 338, 342
Constitution-making, 12, 115, 120, 129
Corruption in government, 104, 185, 197
Directorate-Assembly conflict, 195
Military's role in government, 279
Suu, assessment of, 134
Thieu's relationship with, 232, 235, 241, 260, 302, 328, 332
Nguyen Chi Thanh, 2, 248
Nguyen Duc Thang, Gen., 103, 119, 132, 138, 145, 163, 186, 195, 197, 202, 226, 230, 232, 266, 280, 302, 328, 332, 342, 446
Nguyen Duy Trinh, 29, 36, 227, 362, 411, 451
Nguyen Hoa Hiep, 320
Nguyen Huu Co, Gen., 12, 31
Nguyen Huu Hanh, 114, 115, 119, 338, 391
Nguyen Huu Tho, 93
Nguyen Khanh, 100, 407
Nguyen Luu Vien, 100, 304, 338
Nguyen Ngoc Loan, Gen., 31, 129, 145, 164, 166, 232, 251, 266, 288
Buttercup peace initiative, 383, 389, 406, 413, 422, 423, 429, 432, 437
Involvement of on Ky's behalf, 195, 197, 198, 202, 205, 209, 211, 218
Removal of, proposal for, 205, 209, 211, 212, 213
Nguyen Thien Nhon, 338
Nguyen Van Huong, 422
Nguyen Van Kieu, 190, 192, 195, 302, 398
Nguyen Van Loc, 222, 320, 332, 338, 342, 391, 415, 432, 436
Nguyen Van Thieu, Lt. Gen. (see also Thieu-Ky campaign; Thieu-Ky government; Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict), 42, 100, 158
Mobilization for, 210, 419
Reorganization of, 21
Bo's attitude toward, 329
Prisoner exchanges, 383, 405, 406, 429, 432, 437
ARVN involvement, 103
Clifford-Taylor mission, 255, 256, 270, 285
Communist terrorism and assassinations, 103
NLF-U.S. contacts, 435
Johnson's communications with, 284, 285, 303, 405
Johnson's meetings with, 115, 442, 446
Ky's relationship with, 232, 235, 241, 260, 302, 328, 332
Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 396, 412, 415, 419, 445, 448
Civilian casualties, 44
Censorship concerns, 192
Fairness and honesty concerns, 236, 256
Government harassment of opposition candidates, 302
Loan's involvement on Ky's behalf, 202, 209
Validation of results, 338, 342
Constitution-making, 21, 45, 120
Corruption in government, 338
Elections for House, 342
Military's role in government, 92
National Reconciliation program, 92, 264
NLF participation in government issue, 44
U.S. Embassy Chancery dedication, 342
U.S. funding for political groups, 288, 398
Nguyen Van Tuong, 338
Nguyen Van Vy, Gen., 332, 412, 436
Nhuyen Dinh Dhuong, 33
Nikezic, Marko, 357
Nitze, Paul, 154, 187, 194, 262, 268, 270, 294, 395, 424, 447
Nixon, Richard M., 134, 409
Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 157, 377
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 113
Norway, 201, 276, 287, 330
Noyes, Crosby, 83
O'Brien, Lawrence, 124
Oehlert, Benjamin, 411
Ohio peace initiative, 201, 276, 287, 330
Olds, Col. Robin, 377
O'Neill, Thomas P., Jr., 341
Operations, military. See under Military program in Vietnam.
Order of battle estimates. See under Communist insurgency.
Pace, Frank, 83
Pacem in Terris conference, 20, 174, 214
Pacification program. See Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program.
Packers peace initiative, 411
Palliser, Michael, 41
Park, Chun. He., 270
Paul VI, Pope, 4, 27, 42, 140, 442, 445, 447, 448
Peace Corps, 157
Peace initiatives. See Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam.
Pearson, Lester, 140
Pederson, Richard, 123
Pell, Claiborne, 214, 227
Administration discussions, 267, 317, 336, 341, 346, 348, 353, 355, 357, 363
Bombing of DRV and, 290, 292, 310, 322, 323, 324, 327, 336, 337, 339
DRV messages to U.S., 343, 346, 357
Intelligence reports on, 276, 308
Lessons of, 363
Thieu informed of, 365
U.S. messages to DRV, 318, 321, 322, 329, 348, 349
Percy, Charles, 346, 436
Pham Binh, 227
Pham Thi Yen, 341
Pham Truong Chinh, Brig. Gen., 195, 328
Pham Van Dong, 3, 5, 14, 216, 329, 362, 364
Pennsylvania peace initiative, 263, 277
Pham Van Lieu, Col., 302
Phan Khac Suu, 21, 45, 116, 126, 129, 182, 185, 237, 256, 264, 303, 320, 332
Ky's assessment of, 134
Phan Quang Dan, 21, 256, 304
Phan Quang Don, 116
Philippine Civic Action Group, 197
Philippines, 113
Phoenix program. See Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program.
Poats, Rutherford, 114
Poland, 9
Porter, William J., 12, 13, 30, 94, 119, 131, 158
Presidential election in RVN (see also Thieu-Ky campaign; Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict):
Censorship concerns, 192, 195, 198, 256
Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program and, 215
Common declaration of intent by candidates, 190
Diem's assessment of, 266
Dzu's candidacy, 305
Fairness and honesty concerns, 186, 236, 237, 256, 265
Fraud allegations, 320, 336
Government harassment of opposition candidates, 205, 212, 213, 274, 280, 295, 302
International observers, 190, 243, 256, 283, 287, 294, 303, 305
Jorden's views on U.S. role, 212
Laws re, 129, 148, 158, 192
Loan's involvement on Ky's behalf, 195, 197, 198, 202, 205, 209, 211, 218
Loan's removal, proposal for, 205, 209, 211, 212, 213
Major presidential slates, 21, 256
Military-civilian balance among candidates, 125, 126, 129, 171, 182
Military's non-participation, 163, 164, 166, 171, 205, 210, 223
Minh's possible candidacy, 132, 223, 226, 237, 243, 246
Press coverage, 256, 274, 287, 305, 320
Run-off issue, 148, 195
Scheduling of, 104, 120, 192, 195
Thanh's possible candidacy, 237, 246, 249
U.S. covert financial support for Huong, proposed, 281, 282, 289
U.S. covert involvement, 242, 281, 282
U.S. inadvertent involvement in partisan political trips, 191
U.S. involvement issue, 21, 30, 92
U.S. objectives re, 99, 205
President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB), 204
Buttercup peace initiative, 422, 423, 429
Combat missions, 386
Presidential election in RVN, 256, 274, 287, 305, 320
Prisoners of war (see also Prisoner exchanges under Buttercup peace initiative), 201, 281, 406, 450
Puritano, Vincent, 135
Quintanilla, Luis, 20
Rapacki, Adam, 4, 7
Read, Benjamin H., 7, 8, 14, 17, 32, 40, 50, 53, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 69, 106, 107, 108, 127, 133, 143, 188, 214, 218, 224, 235, 241, 242, 259, 265, 267, 269, 282, 289, 307, 318, 323, 327, 335, 337, 341, 343, 349, 357, 358, 367, 396, 447
Ready, Adm., 314
Reagan, Ronald, 329, 354
Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 27
Republic of Vietnam (RVN) (see also Army of the Republic of Vietnam; Buttercup peace initiative; Presidential election in RVN ; Thieu-Ky government):
Buddhist dissidents, 302, 342
Constitution-making, 12, 21, 45, 92, 115, 116, 120, 129
Corruption in government, 104, 185, 197, 258, 338, 342
Demonstrations against "false peace," 93, 106
Thant peace proposal, 112
Economic situation, 30, 391, 395
U.S. covert involvement, 335
Elections for local offices, 92, 158, 256
Electoral laws, 129
Foreign exchange issue, 114, 236
Government-in-exile, 93
Land reform, 115, 116, 419
Military's role in government, 92, 100, 102, 264, 279
Montagnard policy, 158, 264
National Reconciliation program, 92, 115, 264
NLF participation in government issue, 44, 92, 292, 305, 306, 444
Political manipulation by U.S., 254
Political situation, 30, 171, 197, 391
Security problem, 197
U.S. support for labor, veterans, students, media, 89, 288
Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF). See Army of the Republic of Vietnam.
Resnick, 287
Reston, James "Scotty," 346, 355, 377
Rhodes, 287
Ribicoff, Abraham, 124
Rice, Edward, 153, 169
Riesle, Victor, 341
Ritchie, C. S. A., 4
Rivers, L. Mendel, 239, 348, 354
Roberts, Chal, 420
Roche, John P., 12, 31, 117, 226
Rockefeller, Nelson, 348
Rolling Thunder. See Bombing of DRV .
Romania, 411
Romney, George, 84, 287, 409
Ronning, Chester, 96
Ross, Arthur M., 238
Rostow, Eugene V., 7, 85, 88, 108, 165, 175, 193, 259, 267, 272
Rostow, Walt W., 1, 4, 8, 9, 12, 24, 30, 32, 34, 37, 40, 44, 50, 60, 64, 84, 87, 91, 100, 106, 108, 116, 118, 137, 144, 146, 149, 156, 158, 163, 171, 172, 174, 175, 178, 185, 186, 192, 202, 205, 209, 213, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 222, 223, 225, 226, 229, 230, 237, 238, 241, 253, 254, 256, 264, 265, 269, 270, 283, 298, 299, 306, 308, 309, 318, 320, 327, 331, 332, 334, 342, 351, 354, 355, 358, 359, 360, 364, 365, 366, 373, 379, 381, 386, 391, 393, 395, 401, 415, 426, 427, 428, 444, 447
Effectiveness of, 273, 341, 345
Haiphong port, 312
Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, 22, 162, 167, 203
Pause in bombing for Tet, 54, 57, 73
Phuc Yen airfield, 312
Target selection, 25, 83, 287
Buttercup peace initiative, 378, 383, 389, 406, 413, 429, 432, 437, 438, 449, 452
Prisoner exchanges, 369, 438
Chinese-U.S. discussions, proposed, 152
Kennedy peace proposal, 38, 83, 105
Thant peace proposal, 98, 112
Free World forces in Vietnam:
Augmentation of, 159, 244
Johnson-Thieu meeting in December, 442
Acceleration of activities, 83, 347
Haiphong mining option, 83, 105
Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal, 378, 385, 404, 410
Wise Men's views, 377, 393
Administration discussions, 317, 336, 341, 346, 348, 353, 357
Prisoners of war, U.S. efforts on behalf of, 450
Constitution-making, 120
NLF participation in government issue, 305
Collapse of, 80, 82
Johnson's correspondence with Ho Chi Minh, 82
Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks, 39, 41, 51, 55, 57, 72, 73, 76, 80
U.S. position for settlement, 16
U.S. proposal for secret talks, 5, 10
Thieu-Ky government, civilian participation in, 304
Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 21, 138, 143
Congressional support, wavering of, 262
Leverage on newly-elected RVN government, program for exercise of, 366
Political party development, funding for, 424
Roy, J. Stapleton, 140
Rusk, Dean, 1, 3, 5, 19, 20, 24, 30, 34, 36, 37, 38, 41, 46, 47, 82, 84, 87, 96, 102, 133, 146, 149, 152, 156, 162, 173, 174, 186, 193, 206, 216, 237, 238, 252, 253, 268, 278, 279, 285, 354, 400, 417
Hanoi no-bomb zone, 4, 17
Phuc Yen airfield, 294, 355, 363
Port facilities, 323
Target selection, 25, 247, 287, 305, 317
Buttercup peace initiative, 383, 389, 406, 413, 429, 432, 437, 438, 449, 452
Clifford-Taylor mission, 269, 270
Communist insurgency's Cambodian sanctuaries, 409
ICC initiative, 4
Kennedy peace proposal, 96, 101, 105
Soviet-U.S. discussions, 4, 7, 117
Thant peace proposal, 101, 107, 108, 111, 112
UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 311, 317, 319, 373, 377, 392, 421, 427, 428
Augmentation of, 317
McNamara's criticism of Rusk's position on Vietnam, 228
Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 396, 409, 447
DRV reassessment of policy, possible, 227, 248
U.S. public relations re, 111
Administration discussions, 317, 341, 346, 348, 353, 355, 357, 363
Instructions for Kissinger, 277, 307, 318, 323, 358
U.S. messages to DRV, 318, 348
International observers issue, 287
U.S. covert financial support for Huong, proposed, 282, 289
Elections for House, U.S. covert involvement in, 335
NLF participation in government issue, 292, 305, 306
San Antonio formula for peace, 434
Ashmore's publicizing of, 333
Bombing de-escalation to encourage talks, 32
Kennedy's criticism of U.S. handling of, 122
Public broadcast of information by DRV, 32
U.S. proposal for secret talks, 8, 10, 17, 18
Thieu-Ky campaign:
U.S. covert financial support, proposed, 282, 289
U.S. covert support for front group favoring Thieu and Ky, 242
Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 99
Resolution of conflict, U.S. demands for, 143, 178, 183, 222
U.S. anti-war movement, 363
Congressional hearings, 355, 431
Fourteen Points statement, 65
International conferences, U.S. defense of policy at, 142
Leverage on newly elected RVN government, program for exercise of, 301
Russell, Richard B., 19, 23, 26, 96, 197, 239, 262, 336, 354, 390
Sainteny, Jean, 7, 38
Salisbury, Harrison, 3, 7
San Antonio formula for peace, 340, 348, 434
Sato, Eisaku, 356, 402, 419
Sau Ha, 341, 389, 394, 405, 406, 413, 422, 429, 432, 437, 438, 449, 452
Saunders, Harold, 124, 193, 364
Scali, John, 357
Schlesinger, Arthur M., 124
Schoenbrun, David, 334, 362
Scott, Hugh, 287
Senior Interdepartmental Group, 30
Shah of Iran, 341, 411
Shaplen, Robert, 197
Sharp, Adm. Ulysses S. Grant, 2, 30, 78, 110, 115
Bombing of DRV, 116, 194, 294
Communist insurgency order of battle estimates, 314
Shenstone, Michael, 14
Shimoda, 259
Sidle, Brig. Gen. Winant, 325
Sieverts, Frank A., 414
Sihanouk, Princ. Norodo., 154, 292, 409
Singapore, 355
Sisco, Joseph, 7, 108, 156, 193, 267, 311, 392, 421
Smith, Abbot, 271
Smith, Bromley, 43, 84, 88, 144, 146, 269, 280, 305, 319, 390
Smith, Margare. Chas., 287, 364, 390
Smith, R. J., 298
Smyser, Richard, 3, 362
Snejdarek, Antonin, 227
Soldatov, Alexandr, 57
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 142
Souvanna Phouma, 317, 420
Soviet Union (see also Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks under Sunflower peace initiative), 228, 248
Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, Soviets informed of, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179
Continuance of Vietnamese war, preference for, 165
Democratic Republic of Vietnam, relations with, 128, 133, 177, 425
Soviet-U.S. discussions, 4, 7, 85, 117, 133, 206, 207, 216, 217, 341
Negotiation issue, 85, 154, 364
Spaatz, Gen. Carl, 157
Sparkman, John, 364
Special National Intelligence Estimates:
SNIE 11–11–67, 133
SNIE 14.3–67, 397, 399
Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal. See under Military program in Vietnam.
Starbird, Gen. Alfred, 121, 154
Stennis, John, 262, 287
Stevens, Bill, 386
Stewart, Michael, 85
Stimson, Henry, 94, 97
Sukarno, 113
Sukhodrev, Victor, 216
Sullivan, Leonard, 121
Sullivan, William H., 94, 97, 154, 227, 362, 408
Sunflower peace initiative (see also Pause in bombing for Tet under Bombing of DRV ):
Arrangements for talks, 16, 36
Bombing de-escalation to encourage talks, 32, 33
Collapse of, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82
DRV indication of interest in secret talks, 3, 10
Kosygin's analysis of, 85
Ky's notification of, 52, 75
Public broadcast of information by DRV, 32, 33, 36
Revival of talks, efforts toward, 137
Secrecy concerns, 36
Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks, 39, 40, 41, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79, 80, 137
Johnson's assessment of, 207
Soviet rationale for involvement, 55
U.K. rationale for involvement, 62
Suspension of U.S.-DRV contacts, 117
U.S. proposal for secret talks, 5, 7, 8, 10, 17, 18
Suu. See Phan Khac Suu .
Symington, W. Stuart, 287, 354
Taft, Robert, 92
Tan Buu Kiem, 341
Tan Duc, 452
Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D. (see also Clifford-Taylor mission), 76, 83, 88, 95, 96, 115, 116, 204, 279
Effectiveness of, 30, 172
Target selection, 84
Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program, 1, 30
Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 30, 112
Free World forces in Vietnam, augmentation of, 269, 270
Huong, assessment of, 100
Military program in Vietnam, 393
U.S. public relations re, 1
Economic situation, 30
Political situation, 30
U.S. information programs, 300, 377
Vietnam trip, report on, 30
Tenant Farmers Union, 377
Thailand, 269, 270, 317, 341
Thang. See Nguyen Duc Thang, Gen.
Thanh. See Au Truong Thanh; Nguyen Chi Thanh .
Thant, U, 5, 243
Marigold peace initiative, 4
DRV attitude toward, 201
Presidential election in RVN, international observers for, 256
Thieu. See Nguyen Van Thieu, Lt. Gen.
Front group favoring Thieu and Ky, U.S. covert support for, 242
Funding problems, 284
Opposition to, 237
Platform of, 237, 266
Victory in September election, 303
Cabinet appointments, 332, 338, 342, 391, 415
Civilian participation, 228, 229, 230, 235, 304, 320
Inauguration of, 331, 341, 366, 371, 379, 390
Ky's authority in, 232, 237, 243, 251, 260, 266, 320
Prime Minister appointment, 320, 332, 338, 342, 391
Reshuffling of government, 266
Short-term and long-term program, 415
Coup, potential for, 31, 145, 226
Generals' attitude toward, 138, 145, 163, 178, 223, 226, 230
Ky's declaration of candidacy, 163, 166, 171, 222
Ky's views, 12, 21, 118, 185
Resolution of conflict, U.S. demands for, 138, 143, 178, 182, 183, 200, 202, 219, 222, 223, 225
Thieu's declaration of candidacy, 178, 195, 196, 202, 205, 222
Thieu's personal prestige and, 183, 195, 219
Thieu's withdrawal, proposed U.S. effort re, 209, 211, 212, 213, 218
Unity of armed forces and, 144, 163, 164, 182, 186, 195, 198
U.S. covert support for Ky, proposed, 209, 211, 212, 213, 218, 224
U.S. intervention issue, 182, 183, 189, 190
U.S. perspective on, 30
Thompson, Llewellyn E., Jr., 57, 165, 173, 193, 206, 306, 336
Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 85, 127, 133, 137, 165
Sunflower peace initiative, 7, 18, 29, 33, 36, 68, 69, 85
Thompson, Si. Rober., 169
303 Committee, 89, 281, 288, 417, 424
Throckmorton, Gen., 287
Thurmond, Strom, 23, 287
Tibbetts, Margare. Jo., 201
Tito, Jose. Bro., 411, 425
Tobias, Brig. Gen. Gaudencio V., 197
Tong. See Truong Dinh Tong.
Tran Bach Dang, 341, 369, 394, 432, 452
Tran Hoi Nam, 14
Tran Ngoc Lieng, 237
Tran Quoc Buu, 237, 242
Tran Van Do, 44, 109, 115, 143, 144, 163, 178, 219, 236, 243, 255, 338, 435, 436
Tran Van Don, Gen., 21, 132, 242
Tran Van Huong, 21, 44, 92, 100, 102, 116, 126, 129, 163, 166, 182, 185, 192, 237, 243, 256, 264, 280, 303, 320, 342
Cooperation with Ky, 186, 195, 197, 198
U.S. covert financial support for, proposed, 281, 282, 289
Tran Van Ly, 320
Trend, Burke, 41, 51, 58, 63, 66
Tri. See Nguyen Bao Tri, Gen.
Trieu Van Tuc, 320
Trinh. See Nguyen Duy Trinh .
Trinh Quoc Khanh, 222
McGeorge Bundy's position, 157, 354
Komer's position, 147, 189
Publicity re, 240, 244, 248
Vietnamese manpower utilization and, 159, 160, 210
Westmoreland-Sharp request, 110, 149, 177
Trueheart, William, 224, 350, 417, 424
Truong Dinh Dzu, 295, 303, 305, 320, 329, 332, 369
Truong Dinh Tong, 341, 369, 394, 438, 452
Truong Thai Ton, 332
Truong Van Thuan, 338
Tu. See Hoang Man'Tu.
Tunney, John V., 400
Twining, Gen. Nathan, 157
Unger, Leonard S., 5, 7, 9, 21, 99, 108, 109, 121, 125, 133, 144, 148, 164, 183, 288
United Kingdom (see also Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks under Sunflower peace initiative):
Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 173, 427
United Nations (see also UN Security Council initiative, proposed under Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam):
General Assembly discussion of Vietnam, 331
NLF participation in talks on Vietnam, 435
Resolutions on Vietnam, 151, 152, 156
U.S. domestic situation, 177, 386
Anti-war movement, 161, 341, 363
Wise Men's assessment of, 376, 377
U.S. information programs, 240, 300, 336, 341, 346, 348, 352, 354, 377, 386, 393
Lodge's successor, selection of, 13, 23, 37, 83, 94, 97
Personnel for Bunker's team, 119, 150, 354
U.S. policy on Vietnam (see also Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program; Military program in Vietnam), 13, 88
Achievements of, 86
Arrogance issue, 197
William Bundy's assessment of, 154
Ceiling to level of U.S. participation in Vietnam, public statement on, 157
Efficient management of programs, need for, 91
Komer's recommendations, 24
Leverage on newly elected RVN government, program for exercise of, 301, 366
Optimism about, 91
Peace Corps involvement, 157
Political party development, funding for, 254, 281, 398, 417, 424
Postwar development planning, 92, 115, 220, 430
Radio and leafletting operations in DRV, 350
RVN's increased responsibility for all aspects of policy, 147, 401
Unfavorable outcome, implications of, 309, 316
Withdrawal option, 377, 393
Vance, Cyrus R., 22, 47, 76, 91, 131, 147, 149, 162, 169, 175, 177, 193, 194, 287, 428
Vanden Heuvel, William J., 38, 83
Vandenberg, Arthur, 377
Vien. See Cao Van Vien, Gen.; Linh Quang Vien, Lt. Gen.; Nguyen Luu Vien .
Viet Cong. See National Liberation Front.
Vietnam. See Democratic Republic of Vietnam; Republic of Vietnam.
Vietnamese Confederation of Trade Unions, 89, 288
Vinh Loc, Gen., 12, 163, 192, 226, 264
Vogel, Kenneth, 135
Vo Nguyen Giap, Gen., 2, 347
Vo Van Sung, 263
Vu Hong Khanh, 320
Vu Quoc Thuc, 115
Vy. See Nguyen Van Vy, Gen.
Walinsky, Adam, 124
Waller, Joh. Keit., 341
Wallner, Woodruff, 290, 407
Walsh, John, 8, 9, 25, 39, 125
Walsh, P., 298
Wang Ching-wei, 153
Warner, Denis, 213
Warnke, Paul, 193, 267, 296, 331, 395
Washington, Walter, 341
Watson, Marvin, 19, 317, 371
Wattenberg, Ben, 287
Wehrle, LeRoy, 119, 150
Westmoreland, Gen. William C., 30, 158, 209, 210, 223, 226, 230, 232, 255, 302, 400, 442
Ambassador to RVN, consideration for, 13, 23, 37, 94, 97
Reorganization of, 131
COMUSMACV charge with responsibility for, 167
Order of battle estimates, 208, 297, 314, 325, 370
Strategy of, 2
Komer's assessment of, 347
Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 149, 404, 428, 436
Progress in, 116, 177, 192, 208
Deployments of troops, 409
U.S. policy on Vietnam, 352
Weyand, Gen. Fred, 197
Wheeler, Gen. Earle G., 2, 87, 88, 90, 96, 115, 116, 174, 193, 261, 268, 395
Effectiveness of, 26
U.S. aircraft losses, 409
Order of battle estimates, 297
Health problems, 305, 317, 336
Reserves call-up issue, 186, 363
Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks (Sunflower), 62, 76
U.S. policy on Vietnam, Wise Men's consideration of, 376
Wicker, Tom, 305
Wiggins, J. R., 333
Wilford, Michael, 427
Wilson, Harold, 34
Johnson's correspondence with, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 74
Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks (Sunflower), 39, 40, 41, 46, 49, 51, 53, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 74, 79, 80, 137
Wilson, Henr. Hal., 83
Wise Men:
Analyses of meetings, 380, 382, 393
November 1 meeting, 376
Wisner, Frank, 284
Wolf, Lester, 346
Y Bham Enuol, 158, 264
Zhukov, Yuri, 128
Zinchuk, Alexander, 7, 85
Zorthian, Barry, 92, 119, 274, 287, 346, 400, 409
Vietnam, 1967
Johnson Administration Volumes
Note on U.S. Covert Actions
Vietnam 1967 (Documents 1-452)
Status of the Series
Foreign Relations ebooks
Other Electronic resources for U.S. foreign relations
Guide to sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975
Tips for searching the Foreign Relations Series
How to cite Foreign Relations documents
Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute
United States Department of State
history@state.gov


text:
Reconnaissance . Oren Ambarchi & Martin Ng
"Reconnaissance" is the first duo release by Australian composers Oren Ambarchi and Martin Ng from Sydney - a trilogy of pieces based upon the fluid architectural modulation of harmonics and resonances. Recalling the landmark experiments of the Sonic Arts Union (Robert Ashley, David Behrman, Alvin Lucier and Gordon Mumma), Ambarchi and Ng create an enigmatic tapestry of pulsing, shimmering and shifting sound which represents a subtle and compelling realignment of Eastern and Western minimalist traditions.
The unique full-colour art work accompanying this release was created by Viennese graphic designer Tina Frank (Mego).
"There is an aura of nostalgia surrounding Oren Ambarchi and Martin Ng's 'Reconnaissance'. The analog electronics, stripped-down aesthetics, and the lines and geometrical shapes in Tina Frank's artwork are taken right out of the early days of minimalism and sound art (especially Alvin Lucier). Ng's analog tones and Ambarchi's guitar are literally fused together. Only after the most attentive listen (and the willingness to take chances) will one be able to ascertain who produced what sounds. Harmonies and resonances are the heart of this cd. Tones delicately echo off one another, creating cold but pleasant soundscapes. (…) Ever heard a guitar that sounds like finger cymbals? This one is very peaceful, totally Zen. (…)
Many artists with or without electronic backgrounds have tried similar things, but rarely have they created a piece that is an object of such plastic beauty, such raw postmodern aestheticism. Every musical gesture counts in this endeavor structured around the repetition of a very limited number of moves. 'Reconnaissance' (…) shows impeccable taste and an uncanny courage to do less. Recommended." (François Couture, All Music Guide)
Oren Ambarchi is a composer and multi-instrumentalist with longstanding interests in transcending conventional instrumental approaches. His work focuses mainly on the exploration of the guitar, "re-routing the instrument into a zone of alien abstraction where it's no longer easily identifiable as itself. Instead, it's a laboratory for extended sonic investigation". (The Wire, UK).
Ambarchi's work on harmonics and resonance has led him to define serene spaces of fluid, shifting sound that is both fragile and extremely physical.
He has performed and recorded with Martin Ng (Australia), Sunn 0)) (USA), Christian Fennesz (Austria), Otomo Yoshihide (Japan), Pimmon (Australia), Keiji Haino (Japan), John Zorn (USA), Rizili (Greece), Voice Crack (Switzerland), Sachiko M (Japan), Keith Rowe (UK), Phill Niblock (USA), Gunter Muller (Switzerland), Evan Parker (UK), Robbie Avenaim (Australia), Toshimaru Nakamura (Japan), Dave Grohl (USA), Damo Suzuki (Japan), Chris Townend (Australia) and many more.
www.orenambarchi.com
Martin Ng
Martin Ng whose main instrument is the turntable is another outstanding character in Sydney's rich experimental music circuit. He released an album for the Mego label with Farmer's Manual's Hiaz Gmachl, recorded for Grob with Jim Denley and was part of 2002's "Turntable Hell" tour with among others Otomo Yoshihide and Martin Tetrault.


Present methods used to assess the status of myocardial preservation during cardioplegic arrest include monitoring the peripheral electrocardiogram (ECG) and ventricular myocardial temperature, and visual inspection of the heart to verify complete mechanical arrest. This study was designed to determine if these parameters are adequate to ensure complete electromechanical arrest after the application of standard cardioplegic techniques. The electrical status of the ventricle in adult mongrel dogs was monitored continuously during elective hyperkalemic hypothermic arrest for the presence of electrical activity in either the atrium or ventricle with 25 intramural electrodes, three epicardial reference electrodes, a His bundle catheter, and three peripheral ECGs. Occurrence of ventricular electrical activity was documented in the arrested heart (determined visually) when the peripheral ECG was quiescent; the activity persisted for a significant period of time before electromechanical activity could be detected by standard monitoring techniques. This electrical activity is believed to originate in the lower atrial septum and to conduct through the AV node to the ventricles at myocardial temperatures previously thought to be safe. Thus, continuous monitoring of intramural electrical activity would appear to be a more reliable technique than those currently used to determine the adequacy of myocardial preservation during elective cardioplegic arrest.


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Filmmakers Jenni Chang and Lisa Dozals offer photos of eight people they met when documenting the global diversity of LGBTQ experience.
This fall photographer Camille Seaman travelled to join the pipeline protests at the Standing Rock Reservation in North Dakota. Here, she brings us up close to some of the many people drawn there to defend the water and the earth.
Every four years, graphic design organization AIGA solicits designers to create eye-catching posters to rally people to go to the polls. Here's the story behind 14 of the submissions.
How does snow artist Simon Beck trace massive, intricate patterns in the snow? With a little math and a lot of legwork.
Jason deCaires Taylor casts giant cement sculptures that weigh thousands of pounds — and then sinks them into the ocean. His idea: to create a unique underwater gallery that algae, corals and other sea creatures can call home.


text:
With its new police car, Ford is pushing the envelope with electrified vehicles
Matthew DeBord Apr. 11, 2017, 10:32 AM
Woof! Ford
Ford has been racking up some major moves in the future of transportation.
It redesigned the best-selling F-Series pickups to be more lightweight and fuel efficient, has been expanding its effort as a mobility provider by buying Chariot, a shuttle bus service in the Bay Area, and also by investing $US1-billion in ArgoAI, a self-driving startup.
On Monday, the car maker pulled the cover off its latest effort: a hybrid gas-electric police car.
"The all-new Ford Police Responder Hybrid Sedan will help cities decrease emissions and cut down on fuel costs by reducing engine-idle times versus traditional police cars," Ford said in a statement.
"This is thanks to Ford 's new hybrid technology and projected EPA-estimated combined gas mileage of 38 mpg — more than twice that of today's Ford Police Interceptor with 3.7-litre V6. Cities could see approximately $US3,877 a year in fuel savings per vehicle, based on $US2.50 per gallon fuel prices, leading to less vehicle downtime for fill-ups."
The automaker added, "The new vehicle is expected to be the first hybrid sedan with full pursuit capabilities. That means the car is certified by police agencies to be tough enough to handle police pursuits for longer periods at different speeds and over obstacles, such as curbs and crowded intersections."
The Hybrid Responder will first roll out in New York and Los Angeles as part of a $US4.5-billion investment Ford is in the process of making in electrified vehicles. The car maker has 63% of the police-vehicle market in the US. According to Ford, the new car "is calibrated for law enforcement's unique duty cycle and will run in battery-only mode up to 60 mph."
It also "automatically switches to maximum performance — with the engine and battery working at peak acceleration levels — when needed.
"Electrifying our next generation of vehicles is core to our unwavering commitment to sustainability," said Ford President of the Americas Joe Hinrichs. "By being a leader in electrified vehicles, we remain committed to delivering cars, trucks and SUVs that are better not only for our customers, but for the environment and society as well."
NOW WATCH: This Ford crib simulates a driving car to put your baby to sleep
Matthew DeBord
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