text:
Fact: The lost tribes of Israel are somewhere in Asia.
Fact: All nations of Asia have internet.
Therefore, the lost tribes of Israel have internet.
They use Facebook and have Skype and Whatsapp.
Can't we just Google them?
Rabbi Binyamin of Todela (12th century):
Israelis from the mountains of Nesbor (Afghanistan's border with Iran) on the river of Gozan,
say that 4 tribes of Israel live in the mountains of Nesbor: Dan, Zevulun, Asher and Naftali
since the exile of Shalmansar, king of Assyria
The king of Assyria took the other tribes to Medes (Kings 2 18:11).
Medes was in the Khorasan (Sefer Ha Yashar, Noah, about Dor Ha Palaga, Wikipedia).
Khorassan is an area that included Afghanistan.
"Asif and Afghana continued to conduct the administration of both the military and civil affairs at Jerusalem..."
"... carrying away the Israelites, whom he settled in the mountainous districts of
Ghor, Ghazneen (Ghazni), Kabul, Kandahar and Koh Firozeh" (The History of the Afghans, 17th century).
"In beauty, nobody can surpass Pashtuns,
because they actually belong to the family of Prophet Yaaqov."
(Pashtun warrior-poet Khushal Khattak 1613–1689).
"My cousins told me lobsters, shrimps, and crabs are Haram. I kept telling them that in Islam
shellfish is Halal to eat but they felt very strong about it being forbidden.
Later on I realized where they were getting that from, LOL!"
"There are 30,000 people in my village, only one married a non-Afghan and was banished. Even his family doesn't talk to him."
"We don't eat dairy with meat and don't even use the same dishes."
"After slaughtering an animal, we must cover the blood."
And you, son of Adam, take for yourself one stick and write upon it, 'For Judah and for the children of Israel his companions'
and take one stick and write upon it, 'For Joseph, the stick of Ephraim and all the house of Israel, his companions
and they shall become one in My hand. (Prophet Yehezkel 37)
"We want to stand together with you on mount Zion.
Put our hands up and show the whole world that the people of Israel are alive!
Even geography and religious differences won't stand in our way to be brothers,
again, after thousands of years."
Amram Yousufzai, Afghan, Pakistan.
And the envy of Ephraim shall cease, and the adversaries of Judah shall be cut off;
Ephraim shall not envy Judah, nor shall Judah vex Ephraim (Prophet Yeshaaya 11)
"We were all raised to love our nation,
and we were tought that when the people of Israel are united,
even when, God forbid, we are not righteous,
still we are unbeatable...
And without all the tribes, we are like a man without some of his body parts."
Liron Laloo, Jew, Israel.
"History needs to be repeated and all Bani Israel around the globe including Afghans
should do their job for the empowerment of Bani Israel, to make history and make the nation of Israel great."
Faizan, Afghan, Afghanistan.
"Reconnecting is important. It has been prophesied in Islam and in Judaism.
It will herald a golden age of world peace."
Jan, Afghan, UAE.
"We are living under a curse, getting murdered for centuries. We need to reunite to end this curse."
Ahmed Khan Momand, Afghan, Pakistan.
"The prophecies say that when we get together we shall be redeemed."
David Pisanti, Jew, Israel.
"Reconnecting with Pashtun Bani Ysrael is the most important event in our times."
Cheryl Conway, Jew, England.
"We are all one nation, God's nation. Our enemies succeeded in dividing us, let's not let them win."
Ofer Freilich, Jew, Israel.
"Imagine a person who just heard that his wife gave birth in the hospital.
He arrives to find 3 babies. He loves his son, but he doesn't know which one is him.
When he finds which one is his baby, he finally knows which baby he always loved.
I always loved my family, the other tribes of Israel, just didn't know who they were,
until I found out they are the great Afghan nation."
Nadav Sofy, Jew, Israel.
And it shall come to pass on that day, that a great shofar shall be sounded,
and those lost in the land of Assyria and those exiled in the land of Egypt shall come
and they shall prostrate themselves before the Lord on the holy mount in Jerusalem (Prophet Yeshaaya 27)
"Reconnecting with your tribe is important because it is your identity!
I am ready to connect with my long-lost family.
Five fingers are not the same, yet they are connected by the wrist, and when you bring them together,
they make up a powerful fist, if you know what I mean.
Hashem will bless you."
Khadem, Afghan, Canada.
"It is important to give the people of Afghanistan hope through all their hardships.
I believe that reconnecting to Israel can offer them more than just material benefits
like pride in our nation's acheivements and a greater sense of destiny and identity
And Jews can learn from Afghans true bravery, determination, and fighting spirit."
Yeshaya Ginsburg, Jew, Israel.
"We never had any conflicts with Israel, we never had any wars, why don't we have diplomatic relations?
If Arabs stand against Israel, why would we be the enemies of Israel for the sake of Arabs?
We are a free, independent nation, we are the ones to decide our foreign policies, and we shouldn't follow Iran and Arabs.
I hope that together we can inspire our governments to establish friendly relations."
Naqibullah Isaczai, Afghan, USA.
"200 years ago most people would laugh at the suggestion that a Jewish state
surrounded by millions of enemies will be reborn and defended in its original location,
but every Jew on Earth knew for sure it was just a matter of time!
If you're smart, don't bet against us. We will be reunited."
Afghans' Jewish customs
Some of the customs mentioned are practiced in specific areas or by specific tribes, others may not be completely unique. Nonetheless, the list is longer than any Jew could hope to find among the tribes that left Judaism so long ago. Tradition is not the only reason we believe that Afghans are the lost tribes of Israel. To find out more please see the Articles and FAQ sections.
1. No mix marriages.
Jewish source: Deuteronomy 7:3.
Details - Afghans: In modernized places like some big cities of Pakhtunkhwa, for example, it has become common to intermarry. In places like the Federally Administrative Tribal Area and rural areas of Afghanistan and Pakhtunkhwa, the intermarriage rate is close to 0%. The punishment for intermarriage is banishment, or in some extreme cases even death. It should be noted that we aren't talking about interfaith marriages, but about international marriages, meaning that even marrying other Muslims is forbidden if they aren't Afghans.
Details - Jews: Intermarriages are common among non-religious Jews, mainly outside of Israel. It is considered an abomination by traditional Jews, but usually won't cause a complete banishment of the sinner. Among religious Jews intermarriage rate is extremely small, the person who intermarries is thrown out of the community.
2. Covering slaughtered animal's blood.
Jewish source: Leviticus 17:13.
Details - Afghans: Widespread in Afghanistan and rural areas of Pakhtunkhwa. Afghans don't separate between different types of animals.
Details - Jews: Always performed during the kosher slaughter of birds and animals, for which covering blood is required by the Torah (animals that are part of the category "Haya", rather than "Behema").
3. It is forbidden to count the people of Israel, and doing so causes a plauge.
Jewish source: Exodus 30:11-12, Samuel 2 24, Hoshea 2:1, Talmud Yoma 22.
Details - Afghans: Widespread. If children or family members are counted, the families get upset and fear that something bad may happen.
Details - Jews: All religious Jews follow the custom.
4. Lighting candles on Friday before evening.
Jewish source: Oral Tora - Mishna Shabbath 2.
Details - Afghans: Widespread.
Details - Jews: Kept by all religious Jews.
5. No work on Saturday.
Jewish source: Leviticus 23:3 and Mishna Shabbath 7.
Details - Afghans: Rare. Most Afghans Friday replaced Saturday as a sacred day due to Islam, but some refrain from doing things that are completely permitted on Fridays according to Islam, but forbidden to do on Shabbath in Judaism as they are considered Melakha (craft). Among them are cooking, laundry and detaching plants from the ground.
Details - Jews: Kept by all religious and traditional Jews.
6. Ritual washing of the hands before a meal with a special jug.
Jewish source: Oral Tora - Talmud Holin 105. The commandment was set by King Solomon (Talmud Eruvin 21).
Details - Afghans: Even though the sink is still there, Afghans wash their hands with a special jug called koza prior to eating their meal. While this custom is widespread in Afghanistan, in Pakhtunkhwa this custom is rare. We should mention that Koza is an Aramaic word that appears in the Talmud to refer to tools such as the Pashtun's Koza (Talmud Eruvin 15, Yerushalmi Avoda Zara 13).
7. Avoiding crabs, lobsters, shrimps and similar seafood.
Jewish source: Leviticus 11:10-11.
Details - Afghans: Widespread, even though it is considered Halal in Islam.
8. Avoiding camal meat.
Jewish source: Leviticus 11:4
Details - Afghans: Rare. Some Afghans consider camel meat forbidden even though it is permitted (Halal) in Islam and popular among some neighboring people.
9. Avoiding eating camal milk.
Jewish source: Oral Tora - Talmud Bekhorot 7.
Details - Afghans: Rare. Some Afghans consider camel milk forbidden even though it is permitted (Halal) in Islam.
10. Not mixing meat with dairy.
Jewish source: Exodus 23:19, 34:26, Deuteronomy 14:21.
Details - Afghans: Rare. Some Afghans consider meat and milk forbidden even though it is permitted (Halal) in Islam.
11. Avoiding mixing birds' meat with dairy.
Jewish source: Oral Tora - Talmud Holin 104.
Details - Afghans:Rare. Some Afghans consider it forbidden even though it is permitted (Halal) in Islam.
12. Separating between meat and dairy dishes.
Details - Afghans: Rare.
13. Waiting for some time between meat and dairy meals.
14. Not mixing fish with dairy.
Jewish source: Custom - Bet Yosef Yore Dea 87.
Details - Afghans:Rare. Some Afghans consider it forbidden even though it is considered Halal in Islam.
Details - Jews: Kept by all religious Mizrahi Jews.
15. Salting meat to get the blood out.
Details - Afghans: Spread unknown.
Details - Jews: Kept by all religious.
16. Avoiding meat of an animal slaughtered by a non-Israelite.
Jewish source: Oral Tora - Mishna Holin 1:1.
Details - Jews: Followed by all religious Jews.
17. Eating Matza/Patira in the spring.
Jewish source: Exodus 12.
Details - Afghans: Afghans eat flat bread called patira made only with flour, water and salt. This bread is also eaten by other nations, but only Afghans have a custom to eat it specifically in spring.
Details - Jews:Every spring during the month of Nisan Jews celebrate the holiday of Pesah. They eat Matza, called Patira in Aramaic (Onkolus translation for Exodus 12:15), which is usually flat and made of only flour and water.
18. Sheeps are called Pesah in Pashto, goats are called Oza.
Details - Afghans: Sheeps are called Pesah in Pashto, goats are called Oza.
Details - Jews: The holiday of Pesach is named after a goat or a sheep Israelites sacrifice on the 14th day of Nisan. It is eaten on the night of the holiday. Pashto word Pesah is pronounced withouth the Hebrew letter Heth at the end. The explanation might be that the letter Heth is close to the Hebrew letter He (for example, in the Talmud Yerushalmi, Rav Huna is sometimes called Huna with the letter He and sometimes Huna with Heth), which usually has no sound if appears at the end of a word. Even though the two words don't match perfectly, it looks like they might be connected. Goat is called Ez in Hebrew.
19. Rubbing blood of animals by the entrance.
Details - Afghans: Widespread in rural areas.
Details - Jews: The custom is no longer kept, but elderly Iraqi Jews report that when they came to Israel and lived in rural places raising and slaughtering animals on their own, their families practiced this ancient custom. They stopped mainly because of the modern meat industry.
20. Rocking while learning and praying.
Jewish source: Oral Tora - Zohar - 219.
Details - Afghans:Afghans rock their body when reading Quran.
Details - Jews: Almost all religious Jews rock their body when praying or studying written and oral Tora.
21. Rotating chickens or money 3 times over people's heads.
Jewish source: Oral Tora and Qabala - Shulhan Arukh Orah Hayim 605 (Rama) and the Ari Shaar Ha Kawanoth.
Details - Afghans: Afghans rotate chickens (or money when chickens aren't available) 3 or 7 times above people's heads to protect them from evil eye.
Details - Jews: Done by all religious Jews before the holiday of Yom Kipur. Anti-Semites tried to make fun of the Jews and posted videos of Jews rotating chickens, one of our Afghan friends saw those videos and were shocked to find out both Afghans and Jews had this seemingly strange and unique custom.
22. Not shaving above the chick bone and growing long sidelocks (Peot).
Jewish source: Leviticus 19:27 and Shaar Ha Mitzvot.
Details - Afghans: Rare. Some Afghans don't shave their sidelocks and leave at least short hair above the middle of the ear (above the chick bone). While other people don't shave this part of the beard for their looks, for Afghans it is a part of the culture. In addition, even though it has become rare lately, some elderly Afghans grow long sidelocks just like Jewish Peot.
Details - Jews: All religious Jews leave at least short hair above the middle of the ear (above the chick bone) as shaving them is forbidden by the Tora. In addition, Growing them long is widespread among Hasidic, Yemenite and some Ashkenazi communities. While the Torah commandment forbids shaving them altogher, it is a Jewish custom to grow them long. Peot are sometimes called Simanim in Hebrew - signs of being a Jew. According to Kabbalah (Shaar Ha Mitzvot), sidelocks should be long enough to reach the middle of the ear.
23. Wearing a Kipa.
Jewish source: Oral Tora - Talmud Sofrim 14.
Details - Afghans: Widespread. While covering one's head isn't a unique Jewish custom, some Afghans, put on a Kippah which is identical to the Jewish one. While wearing a Kippah specifically is noticeable in old Afghan photos, according to Afghans' culture Afghans have to cover their heads with something. It can be a Kippah, a hat or Turban.
24. Talith/Shawl/Saadar.
Jewish source: Numbers 15.
Details - Afghans: Afghans wear rectangle garments called Saadar or Shawl, commonly made from wool, usually decorated with short fringes around its edges (but no Tzitzith).
Details - Jews: Religious Jews wear a small rectangle piece of cloth called small Talith all day long. They also wear a big Talith every morning during the prayer. The Talith is made of wool and has long knotted fringes called Tzitzith attached to its four corners.
29. Fixed age to start following all religious commandments.
Jewish source: Oral Tora - Talmud Nida 45
Details - Afghans: : It isn't practiced by all, but it is common that at the age of 13 the teenager is required to follow all of the religious commandments of Islam.
Details - Jews: All religious and traditional Jews celebrate boy's 13th birthday, called Bar Mitzva. On this day the teenager reads from the Torah in public for the first time. In most communities the father blesses God for ridding him of being punished for the sins of his son. From now on, his son is considered an adult and is fully responsible for his actions.
30. Yibum, or levirate marriage.
Jewish source: Deuteronomy 25:5-6.
Details - Afghans: Widespread. When an Afghan dies without children, the brother of the deceased must marry the widow. Afghans do not have Halitza, a process that would free the widow from the obligation to marry her late husband's brother.
Details - Jews: According to the Torah, when an Israeli man dies without children, the brother must marry the widow. This is called Yibum in Hebrew. The process that rids the widow of it is called Halitza. While in the old days Yibum was common, today all Jewish communities prefer Halitza over Yibum.
31. Hupa/Dolaye/Canopy.
Jewish source: Yoel 2:16, Oral Tora Mishna Avot 5:21.
Details - Afghans: Afghans get married under a piece of fabric similar to the Jewish Hupa.
Details - Jews: Jews get married under a piece of fabric called Hupa. The Hupa is also used when a new Torah scroll is written and given to a synagogue.
32. Breaking glass or clay at weddings.
Jewish source: Talmud Berakhot 30 on the basis of Psalms 137. Divre Moshe 560:2. Kaf Ha Hayim 560:21.
Details - Afghans: In some areas of Afghanistan and Pakhtunkhwa the groom or the bride break a glass or a clay plate at their wedding.
Details - Jews: All traditional and religious Jews break a glass at their wedding to remember the destruction of Jerusalem even in the happiest moment of their lives. While today everyone does it with glass cups, the original custom was to do it with clay cups (Rabbi Moshe Isralish in his book Divre Moshe. 16th century).
33. Not sleeping in the same bed with the wife during menstruation.
34. Immersing in a river or pool after menstruation.
Jewish source: Leviticus 15.
Details - Afghans: Rare. Practiced in places located near rivers and lakes in rural areas of Afghanistan. We should mention that theoretically it might be a result of not having showers in the house in some areas and requires further investigation.
35. Not calling babies over people who died premature or violent death.
Jewish source: Talmud Rosh Ha Shana 16.
Details - Afghans: Spread is unkown.
Details - Jews: Common among traditional and religious Jews.
36. Tearing the shirt from grief.
Jewish source: Genesis 37:29 (Reuven), Genesis 37:34 (Yaaqov), Samuel 13:31 (David), Kings 2 5:7 (Yehoram), Kings 2 22:11 (Yoshiyahu), Yeshaayahu 37:1 (Hizkiyahu), Ester 4:1 (Mordekhai), Talmud Moed Qatan 24.
Details - Afghans: Widespread, but we should note that this custom is also widespread among other nations in Asia.
Details - Jews: Kept by all traditional and religious Jews.
37. Praying at graves, asking God to have mercy on the living because of the merit of the dead.
Jewish source: Custom - Meharil - Taanit, Ben Ish Hai Nitzavim.
Details - Afghans: Widespread. Islamic figures try to stop its practice.
Details - Jews: Widespread.
38. Praying at graves: asking the souls of the dead to pray to God for the living.
Jewish source: Custom - Ben Ish Hai Nitzavim.
39. Lighting candles for the soul of the dead.
Jewish source: Proverbs 20:27, Talmud Berakhot 52.
40. Praying for the well being of the soul of the dead.
Jewish source: Oral Tora - Midrash Tanhuma Haazinu .
41. Giving charity for the well-being of the soul of the dead.
Details - Jews: Kept by traditional and religious Jews.
42. Not engaging in sexual intercourse during the first week of grieving the loss of a family member.
Jewish source: Oral Tora - Talmud Moed Qatan 21, Yore Dea 383.
43. Not shaving and not cutting hair during the first month of grieving the loss of a family member.
44. Not listening to music during the first 12 months of grieving the loss a family member.
45. Not buying new clothes during the first 12 months of grieving the loss a family member.
Jewish source: Custom - Yore Dea 389.
46. Fasting every year in memory of the dead and for his soul's benefit.
Jewish source: Custom - Shulhan Arukh 568:8.
Details - Jews: Rare.
47. Putting stones on graves.
Jewish source: Custom - might have originated from Talmud Semahot 5:11 where it is said that putting stones on a grave can save the soul of the dead from punishments. Or maybe the source is Yerushalmi Ketuvoth chapter 12 end of Halakha 3 (page 67 in most books) where it said that Jews in Israel put mud on coffins to clear sins from the dead based on the verse "... and His land brought forgiveness to His people" (Deuteronomy 32:43). (The first is more likely to be the source as it mentions stones specifically rather than mud, and the second is only relevant inside the land of Israel.)
Details - Jews: Done by all traditional and religious Jews.
48. Cemeteries only for the people of Israel.
Jewish source: Oral Tora - Talmud Sanhedrin 47.
Details - Afghans: Widespread. Some families also have their own private cemeteries..
Details - Jews: Followed by all traditional and religious Jews. In the old days there were also family owned cemeteries, but not anymore.
49. The verse "Shema Israel Adhonai Elohenu Adhonai Ehadh" (listen and understand, Israelis, The Lord, God, is one).
Jewish source: The most important verse of the Tora. Deuteronomy 6:4.
Details - Afghans:Rare. Some elderly Afghans write amulets for good luck or protection. Some of those amulets contain words which are believed to be names of angels, and while some are indeed names of angels in Hebrew, the words Shema Israel also appear. You can see an example written in Latin letters by a person who was taught how to make such amulets. In the Latin version, our friend wrote Shome instead of Shema, but Pashto doesn't have vowels, so Shoma and Shema are written the same in Pashto.
Details - Jews:Jews say the verse of Shema Israel at least 4 times a day. It is also written inside of the Tefilin Jews put on every morning, and in Mezuzot Jews put on doorposts.
50. Not selling lands permanently and preserving the right to get sold land back to the first owner.
Details - Afghans: In some areas (like Mohmand agency) it is preferred to sell lands to people of the same family or tribe. When a piece of land is sold to a stranger the first owner has the right to get it back. After a certain period of time the land automatically returns to its first owner. We should note that people from other ethnicities in Afghanistan are also following these rules.
Details - Jews: During the times of the First Temple, when all the tribes lived in the Holy Land of Israel, there was the commandment of Yovel (Jubilee) which is very similar to the Afghan custom. The Yovel is only relevant when most of the people of Israel live in the Holy Land. We are anxiously waiting for the Afghans to come home and enable us to follow this precious commandment again.
51. Not cutting hair and nails at night.
Jewish source: Custom based on Qabala - Ben Ish Hai Wayiqhal 11 based on the Ari.
Details - Jews: Kept by some Mizrahi Jews. The original custom is not to cut hair after midday. Some think that if cutting hair is a problem at those hours, then cutting nails must be worse because of the meaning hair and nails have in Kabbalah.
52. Not blowing out candles with the mouth.
Jewish source: Custom based on Qabala - Ben Ish Hai Pinehas 18based on Shaar Ruah Ha Qodesh of the Ari.
Details - Jews: Common among Mizrahi Jews.
53. Not leaving shoes upside down.
Jewish source: Custom.
Details - Afghans: Kept by all Afghans.
Details - Jews: Kept by some Mizrahi Jews.
54. Touching the eyes and then kissing the hands.
Jewish source: Shaar Ha Kawanot.
Details - Afghans: Afghans have a custom to kiss their hands after rubbing the eyes. We should note that people from other ethnicities in Afghanistan are also following this custom.
Details - Jews: When Mizrahi Jews say Shema Israel verse in their prayer, it is common when they finish to touch both eyes and then kiss them the hands. Some Mizrahi Jews also do this when reading one of King David's songs (Tehila Le Dawidh) they say in the morning and afternoon prayers. Some Ashkenazi Jewish women cover their eyes after lighting Shabbat candles, and kiss their hands afterwards. According to Qabala (Shaar Ha Kawanoth), in one of the verses after Shema Israel Jews should kiss their Tzitzit (part of their praying cloth) and then touch both eyes with it. Also, in some Jewish communities it is common to kiss the hands after robbing the eyes for uknown reason.
55. Using Israelite names (credit to Yasmin Eliaz who discovered a lot of those names). We should mention that it's uncertain which of the following names are unique to Afghans and Jews, and further investigation is required.
Israelite names used by Afghans:
Asaf - Prophet Asaf wrote Psalms 83 and other Psalms chapters.
Hanan - means gave for free in Hebrew and is widely used as a name. Not unique to Afghans, but according to a short facebook search most people named Hanan who are not Jewish, are Afghans.
Israel - one of the names of our father Yaakov. Not unique for Jews and Afghans, but generally rare for other people.
Yaakov - one of the names of our father Yaakov. While it is also widely used by other Muslims as Yaqub and by Christians as Jacob, as far as we know, Afghans are the only ones besides the Jews who, at least in some cases, pronounce it accurately, as it should be pronounced in Hebrew.
Benyamin - to the best of our knowledge the name Benyamin is very rare among Muslims, but very common among Afghans.
Aharon - while Aroon is a common Muslim name, to the best of our knowledge, Afghans are the only ones who at least in some cases pronounce it accurately.
Kenan - a Biblical name which is common in today's Israel as both first and last name.
Tamir - a common name in today's Israel, is used as both first and last name.
Shir - a common name in today's Israel, is used as both first and last name.
Ermiya - close to Yermeya, a Biblical name which is still used today. To the best of our knowledge, the name is rare among other Muslims.
Ehezkel - close to Yehezkel, a Biblical name which is still used today. To the best of our knowledge, the name is rare among other Muslims.
56. The Star of David is a common Afghan symbol, like, for example, this bus decoration in Pakhtunkhwa.
57. In his book The History of the Afghans the writer mentions a tradition of Aj, who fought the people of Israel. Aj was a giant who was so tall he managed to hang on to the ark of Noah and survive the flood. The source of this story is Talmud Zevahim 113. It is, of course, possible that Jews once told this story to Afghans and they believed him, but we think it is still worth mentioning.
58. While it was never scientifically proven (although a research is actually possible), Afghans look very similar to Jews, and a lot of times it impossible to know the difference. Other people living in Southeast Asia like Persians, Punjabis, Tajiks, Uzbeks and others, do not resemble the Jews. Even Arabs, who are the Jews' cousins, do not appear even remotely as similar to Jews as Afghans.
We are a group of Afghans and Jews who believe that our people originated from prophet Yaaqov, and once existed as a single nation, known as the people of Israel.
Most of our Afghan activists are nationalists who work for the unity of the Afghan nation. They work to explain to the Jewish side that Afghans are not terrorists, but actually are suffering from terrorism used by foreign powers against them. Most of our Jewish activists are unapologetic right-wing religious Israelis who are happy to explain Israel's side in the Arab-Israeli conflict to those who are truly ready to listen. They are not willing to waste their time with people who hate Jews and deny Israel's right to defend itself.
Such approach helps find open-minded people, free of prejudice, able to see world's utter hypocrisy regarding Afghanistan and Israel.
Afghans, better than anyone, know what it's like when an artificial nation, that was created by European colonialists about 70 years ago, occupies the land of their ancestors. It chooses terror and starts a war primarily targeting civilians. It sends terrorists to crowded streets, blows up buses and coffee shops, fires rockets at peaceful towns and villages. Afghans and Jews are in a similar situation, as many of the countries that support and finance terror against Israelis also support and finance terror against Afghans.
Regarding our religious differences, we find it counterproductive to debate this topic and convince others to convert. We do not preach Judaism and we expect Afghans to respect that by not preaching Islam.
Instead, we prefer to focus on all those things we have in common like history, tradition and the blood of Prophet Yaaqov. For now, we see how scared our enemies are of the reunion. This fact alone should motivate us to overcome our differences and work together for our common future as Twelve Tribes of Israel.
Asif is a Pashtun from Afghanistan and a proud member of the association. He is happy about the origin of his nation, and he loves the children of Israel more than anything. Ohev Etkhem Ahim Sheli. Am Israel Hai!
Sahar Kakar
Sahar is from Quetta, Southern Pashtunkhwa. He has Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from the University of Quetta, Master in Sociology from York University, Toronto, Canada and earns his living as a journalist. He is Interested in Pashtun history, culture, language, and Afghans' Jewish roots.
In 2015, together with her husband Nadav, started researching the lost tribes of Israel. A couple of months later she came up with the idea to create a group on Facebook which would serve as the first ever online ground to connect between regular Afghans and Jews. That's how The People of Israel's Jirga - Pashtuns and Jewswas born.
A researcher and the association's marketing expert
Yeshaya
Yeshaya Rosenman, music student and translator. Trying his best to believe in the full redemption, wherever it may take us. He got interested in the Lost Tribes at a young age after reading a booklet from Rabbi Eliyahu Avihail of blessed memory.
He took an interest in contact with the Afghans. Even though their culture is so different, He found them warm, dignified, brave, and respectful. He hopes that one day Afghans and Israelis will be able to visit each other freely, and forge a true bond and relationship that will benefit both sides materially and spiritually.
Nadav
Nadav is an Israeli Jew, the chairman of the association. He sends warm regards to his not-lost brothers and sisters and wishes them all the blessings of the world. Khoshaala aw âbaâd wosay.
Interview by Israel Rising with Halavi's chariman on connecting Yehuda (the Jews) with the other tribes of Israel (the Afghans)
Interview by Dana Sofy from Halavi with Naqeeb, a United States based Afghan, on politics and the origin of the Afghans.
A letter from an Afghan to his brothers, the Jews
Hebrew article by Halavi's chariman with some of the main evidence of the Afghans being the ten tribes of Israel
English article by Halavi's chariman on the main evidence of the Afghans being the ten tribes of Israel
Interview by Israel Hayom with Halavi's chairman and Halavi's senior Afghan activist on the Afghans' Israeli origin and politics
Article by Rabbi Barukh Efrati on his family's tradition of the ten tribes of Israel being the Afghans
Interview with Rabbi Harry Rosenberg and Halavi's chairman about the first conference on the Israeli origins of the Afghans
Informative article about the Afghans' unspoken genocide by Pakistan
Interview by Olam Katan with Halavi's chairman and one of the leaders of the Pashtunistan independence movement - Dawud Khattak
Informative article by Halavi's chariman and Yeshaya Rosenberg from Halavi about the Afghans' origin and what should Israel do about it
Question answering with Rabbi Sherki (Hebrew)
The 10 Tribes According to Rabbi Yehuda Leon Ashkenazi (Hebrew)
Hebrew - Pashto Duet
Music is the best way to touch hearts of many people at once. It unites and raises us above our differences. This is why we decided to produce a duet song for famous Afghan and Israeli singers. Sung in both Pashto and Hebrew, it will help raise awareness about our common origins, as well as promote peace and unity between the tribes. We need your help to make this possible. Please support us and let's write history together!
With the help of ITribe we conducted an initial poll to map Jewish customs practiced by Afghans. We hope to soon transform this data into an academic research about our common origins.
For reasons why DNA studies were not perform yet, see our FAQ section.
Organized Trips to Israel
We believe that it is very important to enable Afghans to learn about their ancestral land and fall in love with it again, just like their ancestors once did. For that, we are planning to organize unique trips for Afghans to Israel. The travel itinerary will include such sites as the graves of their fathers and mothers: Avraham and Sara, Yishaq and Rivka, Yaaqov, Lea and Rahel, and Yosef. They will visit their ancient lands in Shomeron, and, of course, the eternal capital of the people of Israel, Jerusalem. Together we will ascend the mountain of Bet Ha Miqdash, where during king Solomon's reign all Israelites used to pray to Gd and celebrate Israeli holidays.
Citizens of Afghanistan are required to obtain tourist visas in order to travel to Israel. This process might take up to several months and there is always a possibility of being rejected. We decided to start with Afghan foreign passport holders as they shouldn't have problems entering Israel.
Facebook might be the greatest gift Gd has given us in order to reconnect. We spend time and money on our Facebook pages which are our most important tool for raising the awareness of Afghans and Jews to our cause.
Customs Book
We know of a lot of Jewish customs, both from written and oral Tora, practiced by Afghans. Due to Islamization and modernization some of those customs are becoming rare. This is why we are planning a book in order to document those customs and discuss their origins and different form of practice among Afghans and Jews. In many cases Afghans don't know the origins of their traditions, and frequently religious athorities claim they have Kafir roots. We hope that the extinction of those precious ancient Israeli customs will be prevented once it becomes common knowledge that they are part of the original religion based on one God, commanded by God to the people of Israel through prophet Moses.
Diplomatic Relations between Afghanistan and Israel
We are dedicated to promoting friendship between our people and raising awareness about our common roots. We are hoping that our efforts will eventually inspire our governments to develop friendly relations and establish diplomatic ties, which will create endless opportunities for cooperation of our people.
In order for that to happen we must overcome some major obstacles. For example, many Afghans hate Israel due to lies spread by the media. Also, Afghanistan may lose support of some Arab countries if it develops official relations with Israel.
On the other hand we must realize that Jews and Afghans are one nation. We are not enemies. Unlike Arab countries surrounding Israel, Afghanistan had never had any wars with us. Still, countries like Egypt and Jordan have diplomatic relations with Israel. Why not Afghanistan?
Send an email to info.halavi@gmail.com or contact us on Facebook:
Follow our Pashto Facebook page to get information about our activities the latest findings of our research on the amazing not-lost tribes of Israel and their strong connection to their brothers, the Jews.
Follow our Hebrew Facebook page to get information about our activities and latest findings in Hebrew.
Join our (closed) Facebook group - The People of Israel's Jirga - Pashtuns and Jews. Our main platform for direct conversation between Afghans and Jews.
What is the proof that the Afghans are the (not) Lost Tribes of Israel?
The Israeli origin of the other tribes of Israel is not something that can be proven mathematically, nor can it be easily tested in a lab. Currently, there is no DNA test available to determine whether the Afghans and Jews do have a common father who lived 3500 years ago for the following reasons.
First, We know for sure that for the last 2500 years of exile the other tribes did not inter marry with the Jews. Even before that, the Israelis lived as seperate tribes and the rate of inter-tribal marriages is unknown. Even when such marriages did occur, the children belonged to their father's tribe, creating a separated paternal lineage for each tribe.
We also know for sure that the other tribes of Israel and the Jews do not have a common maternal origin. The wives of Prophet Yaaqov's children were not neccessarily related, and we don't how many of wives each one had, nor do we know their origins. Only having a paternal common roots makes mtDNA (inherited through maternal lineage) tests completely irrelevant.
Not only that, but our common paternal ancestor Prophet Yaaqov was the grandson of Prophet Avraham, and thus shared his Y chromosome (inherited through paternal lineage) with his brother Esaw, his uncles Ismail and the children of Qetora (Genesis 25) who were sent east by Avraham, and with the rest of Avraham's family. Their descendants included the people of ancient Aram, Moav, Amon, Edom, Arabs and others, all of which lived in Asia. Today they might be very large in numbers and might have DNA which is indistinguishable from one or more of the tribes of Israel. Therefore, the expected extent of generic similarity between the other tribes and the Jews in comparison to other nations, even in their Y chromosome, is unknown. If Yaaqov did not have unique mutations to separate him from his brother and uncles, such similarity might be even theoretically impossible to test.
In addition, a mixture of people of unknown origins joined the children of Israel during the Exodus from Egypt (Exodus 12) and other foreigners joined them through religious conversion over the years. Those people weren't descendants of Yaaqov at all, their number unspecified, and their descendants live with the other tribes as well as with Jews. They are now an integral part of the nation of Israel. If all of the above mentioned obstacles are not enough, a quick Google search shows that in some cases different companies and researchers come to contradictive conclusions about the ethnical background of the same person or nation. It strongly suggests that ethical genetic testing is very far from being exact science at the moment.
In order to conduct a serious genetic research to check whether the Afghans are the other tribes of Israel, we must first theorize the expected genetic similarity between the other tribes and Jews from different communities. Considering all of the issues mentioned above, and given that recent research shows there might be environmental effect on mutations, the standard methods of ethnical genetic tests are bound to fail in our case. If and when we do a serious innovative DNA research, we will have to closely examine what kind of similarities we are expected to have and how we can find them if they exist. Even if we do everything right there is a high chance of only getting inconclusive results. Due to the complexity and high cost of such research, it wasn't done yet.
That said, the old fashioned logical approach is always available. From Jewish prespective, it is certain that there are millions of descendants of the other tribes who are part of one or more nations of the world. Nowadays, expecting them to be found as mystical people, living in some unexplored land is absurd. All lands are already explored, all nations discovered. Every nation has internet access, and at least some information about it is avaiable online. We can thus make a full list of nations on Earth, and even talk to them through facebook, skype and whatsapp. One or more of them belong to the children of Israel. We can choose an objective criteria, apply it to each nation and rank it according to how well it meets the criteria. If even the top-ranked nation doesn't meet most of the requirements, the search for the tribes fails. Alternatively, we might find that a few nations fit well objectively and much better than the rest. If that's the case, we could conclude that they are the lost tribes with variable certainty depending on their rank.
One such criterion would be having a tradition of being Israelites. If such tradition exists, it would add to the nation's ranking depending on how well it is documented in written and oral history, how many people claim it and its acceptance by Jews living with them. They can also be ranked according to how well their geographical location fits the expected location of the other tribes based on the Bible and oral tradition. Another obvious criterion is the amount and uniqeness of Jewish customs they practice. Once such a comparitive research is done, a highly reliable conclusion can be reached.
Even though we do hope to eventually conduct an anthropological academic research, we see it as a formality rather than a neccessity given the short research we have already conducted. Regarding the first criterion, the Afghans are by far the best fit. The tradition of Afghans being Israelites is documented in Maso't Binyamin (12th century, Hebrew), The History of the Afghans (17th century, Persian), Kushal Khattak's poems (17th century, Pashto), and more recently by Israel's second president Yitzhak Ben Tzvi and Rabbi Eliyahu Avichail based on a research of Afghans in Kashmir and the testimony of Afghan Jews. To the best of our knowledge, no other nation has a similarly documented tradition of being Israelites. In the middle of the 20th century a theory proposing Arian origins of Afghans was invented based on linguistics. Unlike the scholar-invented theory, the tradition of being the children of Israel was passed down from generation to generation in almost every Afghan home. Its incomparable antiquity, acceptance by Afghans and Afghan Jews and the uncertainty that Arian is even a race (it was a name of an area that included Afghanistan, so the Afghans can be both Arians and Israelites), makes the Israelite origins the only real tradition of Afghans about who they are.
Regarding their location, while some portion of them might have gone to Africa according to the Talmud, the majority should be in Asia around the area of ancient Medes which was a neighbor of Persia. According to Jewish oral tradition (Sefer Ha Yashar on Dor Ha Palagha) and historical geography scholars, the location of Medes was the Khorassan, which includes today's north Iran, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. Given this consideration, the list of nations to check is limited. To the best of our knowledge, based mainly on Afghan and Jewish testimonies and information available on the internet, the other nations living around this area don't have any written or oral tradition of being israelites, making the Afghans not only the best match, but the only match.
Jews always knew that the other tribes of Israel are not Jewish by religion, meaning they don't follow the laws of the Tora. Therefore, it is not expected to find them observing Shabbath or celebrating Israeli holidays. It is unclear how much Jewish customs the other tribes are expected to practice. Based on Afghan testimonies, as well as an online poll, the Afghans practice dozens of Jewish customs, some of them unique (See our Home section for the list). To the best of our knowledge, other nations in Asia, and in particular around the area of ancient Medes, do not come even remotely close to the Afghans in the amount and uniqueness of Jewish customs they practice.
We admit that our research focused on Afghans, relaying mainly on online information about the other nations of Asia. However, we believe that the Afghans fit so well objectively that even if an accademic research would yield another nation that fits well, it would just mean that the other tribes were divided into two nations.
If the Afghans are Israelites, why isn't their language Semitic?
No one expected to find the other tribes speaking Hebrew. During the exile, the Jews used Hebrew mainly for praying and learning Tora while speaking a Jewish-specific dialect of the local language for daily matters. Jews spoke Judo-Arabic in Iraq and Morocco, Persian in Persia, Dari in Afghanistan, Yidish in Eastern Europe, Ladino in Spain. The only thing that kept Hebrew alive was Jews practicing Judasim. Once the other tribes stopped following Judaism as a religion they naturally lost Hebrew. Actually, the exact same thing is happening today in non religious Jewish communities around the world.
I'm an Afghan and there are some customs in the list I've never heard about
Some of the customs are only practiced in specific tribes or areas. For example, during our research we asked about breaking glass in weddings. Some Afghans said it doesn't exist, while others said it is common in Kandahar and that they saw it with their own eyes but with clay dishes instead of glass. One Shinwari Afghan from Peshawar even admitted to doing it himself.
When we heard about the Koza we immediately noticed its striking resemblence to the Jewish Natlan. When we asked about it, one Afghan from Peshawar said that it belongs to the past, and now they use sinks. Then an Afghan from Kabul answered him that they have sinks too yet they still use the Koza for washing hands before eating. We can only assume that in another generation or two some Afghans in Peshawar would not even know what Koza is.
We believe that one of the reasons for customs extinction is Islamization, as some Mullahs are saying those customs have Kafir origins not realizing they are insulting the Afghans and Yehudi prophets of God who started them. Another reason might be modernization which causes people all over the world to abandon their family customs, especially when they don't know their source and purpose.
Why do are the other tribes of Israel are called Afghans all over the website instead of Pashtuns or Pakhtuns and what's the difference?
The term Pakhtuns or Pashtuns is based on the Pakhto language which is also spoken by other nations living in Afghanistan like Syeds and Nooristanis. The Afghans usually say that speaking Pakhto is the criterion for being Pakhtun, yet they also say that the Syeds and Nooristanis are not Pakhtuns, sometimes even calling them the non-Pakhtuns Pakhtuns. It is true that the term Afghans is also confusing because there are other nations living in Afghanistan, and because some Afghans live in east Afghanistan which is occupied by Pakistan since its invention.
There are reasons to believe that the Pakhto languange was used by local people who lived in Afghanistan before the Hebrew speaking Israelites came. This local people might have been the ancient Pakhtas who were briefly recorded by ancient historians (and they might be one of the "non-Pakhtuns Pakhtuns" unless they were exiled by Assyria elsewhere). By contrast, according to the book The History of the Afghans, Afghana was a grandson of king Shaul and his descendants were the largest group among the Israelites who were taken to Afghanistan. Because both terms are confusing from different reasons, we chose the term Afghans which is associated with the people of Israel.
Why should anyone be interested in this cause given the fact that the Afghans follow the Quran while the Jews follow the Tora?
Belonging to the same family (or nationality, which is just a family in a wider sense in our case) is the strongest and most natural thing that connects human beings. We belive that all Afghans and Jews should take interest in this cause because it is the next big thing in the way to complete and eternal redemption of the people of Israel and the whole world. We know we have differences regarding what God expects from us, but that shouldn't stop us from creating a meaningful relationship that benifits everyone, based on our blood bond.
Isn't it racist to love someone just because you share a blood connection?
It is racist to hate someone because of his race. There is nothing racist about loving someone. Also note that if loving someone because of a blood connection is racist then every parent who loves his child is a racist.
Why didn't the Jews do anything about this connection before?
First, the Afghans Israelite origins was mostly unkown except for the Afghan Jews. Second, the Jews were mostly in survival mode for 2000 years before they finaly returned home. So until recently, there was nothing that could have been done and no one who could have done anything about it. Some Israeli Jews did try to connect to the Afghans just a few decades ago but before the internet and social networks there options were very limited and the attempt failed.
Why doesn't Israel bring all the Afghans to their homeland of Israel?
First of all, the Afghans don't want to come to Israel. Second, most of the Jews in Israel didn't hear the "news" yet. Third, some Jews would except the Afghans to be Jewish, which is not something the Afghans are ready to do, and some Afghans would expect the Jews to be Muslims, which not something the Jews are ready to do. Fourth, unfortunately, a lot of Afghans hate Jews and Israel. There are too much self hating Jews in Israel already, and filtering out such people would be very difficult. In conclusion, it is premature to talk about how all the Afghans will come to Israel. We are focusing on practical things we can do in the present and near future that will do good to the great, united nation of Israel, as well as to the rest of the world.
Why doesn't Israel help the Afghans?
Afghanistan has no diplomatic relations with Israel and never asked for any kind of help. We pray for the day when Israelis could contribute to Afghanistan's recovery from its civil war. Please note that we are not a governmental organization and can't promise anything, but for sure the first step towards getting any kind of help from Israel is recognizing the simple reality that Israel exists.
Is it possible and safe for an Israeli to visit Afghanistan?
With foreign passport - yes. With an Israeli one - no.
Isn't Israel the enemy of Muslims?
No. About 20% of Israel's citizens are Muslims who enjoy equal individual rights as the Jews. Israel also has friendly relations with Muslim countries such as Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan. There is a state of ongoing conflict with some Arab countries over a piece of land, not religion. At the current state of affairs, countries like Iran, Qatar and Pakistan are funding and supporting Arab terror groups such as Hamas and Fatah who apply tactics such as suicide bombings, shooting rockets at Israeli civilians from Arab schools and hospitals, and knife attacks against elderly women and babies in their sleep. Those countries, who interestingly also support terrorists in Afghanistan, are using their media channels such as Al Jazira, and bribe corrupted Mullahs and Imams to spread the lie that Israel is in a war with Muslims, to advance their own interests. They also manipulate the truth by saying, for example, "2 Palestinians shot by Israeli police", forgetting to mention that an 80 year old grandmother and her baby grandson were stabbed to death by 2 Palestinians terrorists who were shot by police with their bloody knife in hand, while chasing after unarmed Israeli civilians (based on many true stories). We suggest following Israeli news sites such as Israel National News to hear Israel's side too. Israel has never had any war with Afghanistan and Israelis don't see it as an enemy at all.
Can an Afghan visit Israel? Is it safe for Muslims?
With foreign passport - yes. With an Afghan one - no. That said, there might be ways to enable orginized visits in the future. It is 100% safe for Muslims in Israel.
Can an Afghan marry a Jewish woman?
Most Jews are against inter-faith marriages and would not marry even another Jew if he or she converted to another religion. Jews who assimilated would marry whoever they fall in love with, but because of that same assimilation, a lot of those assimilated "Jews" are not really Jewish, neither by blood nor religion.
How can we unite if we can't marry each other?
There are Afghan tribes who only married inside their own tribe for centuries and possibly forever. Still they are all part of one Afghan nation. There are also some communites of Jews who only marry within their own community. Still they are part of one Jewish nation. Following the same logic, we believe that even though we can't marry each other, we can all be part of one Israeli nation.
How can we unite if our countries don't have diplomatic relations and Afghanistan doesn't even recognize Israel?
Creating diplomatic relations is one of our most important goals, but there are things we can do and are doing even before accomplishing it.
Can you help me convert?
No. While some people from both sides would be happy to help and even convince and brain wash the other side into changing his religion, we don't do conversions. We actually believe that not doing conversions is one of the most important keys to our current and future success.
How many people on both sides known about this connection?
Large percent of Afghans and about 5-10% of Jews in Israel heard about it one way or another.
I am an Afghan in Europe/USA. Will the Jews of my city accept me?
If they never heard about our connection, given the news about the Taliban people hear all the time, they will probably be terrified. Even more so with ISIS inspired terror attacks in Europe in recent years. We are working very hard on raising the awareness in Israel, and afterwards we hope to do it abroad as well. Until then, you should approach it with caution, and consult our Jewish activists before this kind of a meeting.
We need help in English - Pashto translations. We have wonderful Afghan volunteers helping us, but if we had more man power we could boost our efforts greatly. Creative ideas on what could be done at the moment can be helpful as well. We always hope for more people in our group. And of course donations will help too :) .
Donations through PayPal coming soon. Meanwhile it's possible to transfer donations directly into our bank account:
האגודה למען באני ישראל מאפגניסטן - ע"ר
Israel's Postal Bank - בנק הדואר
account no. 8580583


text:
oa Developing a New Framework of a Contemporary Islamic Garden based on Quranic Paradise Imagery of Tafseer Surah Waqiah
Authors: Mohd Yazid1, Mohd Yunos1
Affiliations: 1 Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Design and Architecture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, MY
Source: Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings, Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings Volume 2016 Issue 1, Mar 2016, Volume 2016, SSHAPP2940
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2016.SSHAPP2940
The Islamic garden was the earthly image of Paradise. The pre-Islamic Persian gardens derived the garden and tried to recreate the world within an enclosed space. After the conquest of Persia by the Arabs in the 7th century, not only was the Persian garden itself influenced by Islam philosophy, but this erudite form of garden spread throughout the Islamic world. It became the fabled Moorish gardens in Southern Spain the Generalife Alhambra as well as the basis of the Moghul gardens in Kashmir and India. Through these Spanish gardens the impression of the Islamic garden spread to the New World where its influence can still be traced in the Spanish colonial gardens of the South West, the Revival gardens of the early 20th century, especially in California, and even in the spare modern style of the Mexican landscape architect Luis Baragan. The Muslims emphasized the restrictions to dress the garden and keep it-man the steward. The design of the Islamic gardens influenced with specific intents in mind, relating certain ideological principles and objectives rooted in the Islamic faith and the Muslim culture using distinctive design elements. However, Quranic paradise imaginary provides a foundation for understanding Islamic Gardens as clearly shared by established Islamic Gardens such as the gardens of Persia, Mughal India and Moorish Spain. Accordingly, traditional Islamic Garden applied the typical design elements of an Islamic garden for instance the water features, courtyards, trees, flower and calligraphy on walls. The earlier civilization and arid environment are the factors that may have prejudiced the design of the historic Islamic gardens.
An ideal design of the a contemporary Islamic Garden should be considered others criteria such as value in Islamic teaching. A qualitative research which involves content analysis and descriptive throughout tafseer of Islamic teaching and descriptive analysis through tafsir of Syed Qutb 'In the Shade of the Quran' is applied.
Islam has continuously revealed the life after death. This tendency can be seen in several Islamic sources such as theosophical manuscripts and fundamental texts. Those occasionally mentioned in the holy Quran about heaven and hell in some of the verses. Surah Al-Waqiah has presented beautiful descriptions of paradise among other metaphorical verses, in which we can find out the basic elements of landscape and garden design. At the beginning, this paper deals with the history of main elements of Islamic garden such as water in early culture and mythos. Many verses in Holy Quran invite the human to think about the amazing order of this world and creation of skies, earth, mounts, and seas. In Islamic insight, the world phenomena are assumed as signs of the God and one of the ways to achieve unity and recognition of God for thoughtful humans is to journey in horizons and rational wayfaring in divine signs. Thereupon, we also review the Islamic principle of paradise to realize the main concept and design features of it mentioned in Quran.
A framework of a contemporary Islamic garden throughout Islamic values is formulated.
The outcome of this study determination contributes to the body of knowledge by proposing a new framework of Islamic Garden that suitable to the Malaysia context. Furthermore in the Surah Al-Waqiah, a paradisiacal garden is described as an unlimited paradise and secures space, with diverse trees planted in specific locations, accessed to through eight gates. From these finding, it is expected that at the end of study a framework of Islamic Garden principles based on applying the ideological principle in Islamic faith and Quranic paradise imagery will be formulated. The outcome will contribute to the body of knowledge by proposing a new framework of Islamic Garden that suitable to the Malaysia context. As a conclusion, an Islamic garden should be design based on district design elements, its contextual, local culture and ideological principles rooted in Islamic faith to enhance garden space for recreational and restoration function. The general Islamic garden principles and Quranic paradise imagery derived from verse of Quran can help people to establish systems, regulations, attitudes and views in order to understand and control their worldly life in accordance with their needs, region and time. Moreover, the responsive authority has to come out with a specific guideline that can be applied in improving our Islamic garden design. The ideas of implementing the Islamic garden into the garden in Malaysia is perceived as relevant and encourage effort to support the governance approach in creating an Islamic environment. This study also indicates that as Muslim landscape architects have always tried to develop the landscape architecture and design principles for their garden design from the verses of the holy Quran.
© 2016 Yazid, Yunos, licensee HBKU Press.
/content/papers/10.5339/qfarc.2016.SSHAPP2940
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/papers/10.5339/qfarc.2016.SSHAPP2940
10.5339/qfarc.2016.SSHAPP2940

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


RIESTER's category expertise stretches from consumer packaged goods and financial services…to public health and voter education…to gaming and destination marketing. Friday night at the 2019 ADDY Awards, the agency shined bright in all of these segments.
RIESTER won three gold Addys. One gold Addy for the HERDEZ Brand "Centuries" web video series, which was filmed deep in the heart of Mexico City. Another gold Addy for the Citizens Clean Elections Commission "18 in 2018" Cross-Platform Campaign. And a third gold Addy for the Citizens Clean Elections Commission Out of Home augmented reality wall mural.
RIESTER also collected three silver Addys for the Chumash Casino Resort Maserati life-size toy box display, the Citizens Clean Elections Commission website, and the animated "Vape-Ire" anti-vape video for the Arizona Department of Health Services.
Five bronze Addys were awarded to RIESTER for the MidFirst Bank "Happy" promotion series, the Chumash Casino Resort Maserati giveaway multimedia campaign, Citizens Clean Elections Commission "Countdown" video series, and two more Arizona Department of Health Services anti-vape videos.
RIESTER also cheered heartily as two of its employees were nominated for special recognition. Stevie Lobosco was named as a finalist for Young Person of the Year, and Ben Dveirin was named as a finalist for Creative Professional of the Year.
The evening was especially meaningful for RIESTER as David Robb, Tim Riester's original partner, was posthumously honored with the 2019 J. Terry Groener Memorial Ad Person of the Year Award. Dave was a true creative giant, and the entire Phoenix advertising community celebrated his contributions Saturday evening.


text:
using Lucene.Net.Documents;

namespace SunLine.Community.Services.Search
{
    public interface ILuceneService
    {
        void AddDocument(Document document);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
www.lmu.de | UB | Browse | Instruction
Einfluss Seltener Erden in der Schweine- und Kälbermast
7. Summary Tatjana Miller Influence of Rare Earth Elements on fattening pigs and calves In China rare earth elements (REE) are used as growth promoters in the animal production for almost 40 years. In recent studies of our group the ergotropic effect of the rare earth elements was tested with pigs, poultry, rats and fish in different dosages also under western feeding conditions. The best effects could be obtained with pigs. The daily weight gain in relation to control thereby could be increased over up to 12 %. At the same time the feed conversion ratio in the raising and mast phase decreased. In the first part of the this work the influence of rare earth elements as citrate on the daily weight gain was examined in a field trial with fattening calves. In the second part of the work the effects of REE and the phytogenic additive on pigs were examined. In a first feeding study with 312 male calves of the mark cattle race, divided into groups of 26, a mixture of rare earth elements was supplied to the animals in a concentration of 200 mg/kg daily by milk exchanger. No positive effects could be observed on the daily weight gain. In a second feeding experiment 80 piglets of the race German land race x Piétrain were evenly divided after sex and weight in four groups of 20 animals, and a mixture of rare earth elements in a concentration of 300 mg/kg, phytogenic additives in a concentration of 1000 mg/kg and a combination of both in same dosage was added during a period of 138 days. The additive of rare earth elements with male animals caused an average body weight increase by 3,4 %, whereby no improvement in the body weight development was to be observed with the female animals. An increase of the average body weight in [kg] by the supplementation with phytogenic additives could be observed around 3,1 % with female animals and around 1,8 % with male animals. The use of a combination of REE and phytogenic additives did not obtain an increase of the average body weight with the male animals, but on the other hand showed an increase with the female animals around 2,7 %. Thus it could be shown that both, rare earth elements and phytogenic additives, might have a positive effect on the body weight gain. A cumulative effect was not observed.
Rare Earth Elements, fattening pigs, male calves, ergotropic effect, phytogenic additives
Miller, Tatjana
Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-52026
Miller, Tatjana (2006): Einfluss Seltener Erden in der Schweine- und Kälbermast. Dissertation, LMU München: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Miller_Tatjana.pdf
DOI: 10.5282/edoc.5202
URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-52026
Theses (Dissertation, LMU Munich)
500 Natural sciences and mathematics
500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 590 Zoological sciences
Faculties:
1. Referee:
Rambeck, Walter
MD5 Checksum of the PDF-file:
8cd9cbebda19d46473f0858f25f80682
Signature of the printed copy:
0001/UMC 15313
24. Oct 2020 09:35
Text Citation


text:
Q: Is there any way to automate Atlassian Bamboo plan creation and configuration process My project requires creation of build and deployment plans in Bamboo for different Bitbucket repositories. I read Bamboo API documentation at - https://docs.atlassian.com/atlassian-bamboo/REST/6.10.4/ however I couldn't find APIs for plans creation there.
I could also find a tool named Bamboo CLI, however it a paid tool and I am looking for a free alternative.
Does anyone know how this issue can be dealt with without using Bamboo UI?
P.S. I am using Python as a development language

A: Bamboo Specs solved this issue - https://confluence.atlassian.com/bamboo/tutorial-create-a-simple-plan-with-bamboo-specs-894743911.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Bar Stools : Metal Counter Bar Stools Grey Counter Stools Leather Bar Chairs Upholstered Bar Height Chairs Rustic Bar Stools Canada. Navy Blue Bar Stools. Blue Stool. Tall Bar Stools. Breakfast Bar Chairs.
By Bi5MiLl4hRunamuckfestival. Bar Stools. At Sunday, November 11th 2018, 00:05:46 AM.


text:
Q: Is there a matrix representation of the line graph operator? I had the need to calculate the adjacency matrix $L$ of the line graph of a certain planar $k$-regular graphs $G(n,e)$ ( $n$ vertices and $e=\frac k2 n$ edges) given its adjacency matrix $A_G$. Here I went:
Let $N_k$ an "outer-diagonal" indexing matrix, e.g. $N_4=\pmatrix{0&1&2&3\\1&0&4&5\\2&4&0&6\\3&5&6&0}$.
Calculate the Hadamard Dot product $B=N_k\odot A$.
I found that
$$L_{B(a,b),B(c,d)}=(1-\delta_{ac}\delta_{bd})(\delta_{ac}+\delta_{bd})A(a,b)A(c,d) \tag{$*$}$$
works fine for the examples I checked. We get a matrix in $\mathbb Z_2^{n(n-1) \times n(n-1)}$, but since the line graph operator acts effectively as $L(A): \mathbb Z_2^{n\times n}\mapsto \mathbb Z_2^{e\times e} $, you can remove plenty of rows/columns.
Is $(\text{$*$})$ correct and is there also straight representation of the line graph operator in terms of matrix mapping $A$ to $L(A)$? Maybe superoperators can help...
EDIT: The $A(a,b)A(c,d)$ product points towards something like $A\otimes A$ maybe suited with an according $\Delta$ matrix that is Hadamard-$\odot $-multiplied:
$$
L\overset{?}{=}\Delta\circ (A\otimes A)
$$
A construction without Hadamard-$\odot $-product would also be nice$\dots$


text:
Георги Николов Тодоров е български озвучаващ актьор.

Ранен живот
Роден е на 12 април 1964 г. в Ардино, България.

През 1989 г. завършва актьорско майсторство за драматичен театър във ВИТИЗ "Кръстьо Сарафов" в класа на професор Крикор Азарян.

Кариера на озвучаващ актьор
Тодоров се занимава активно с озвучаване на филми и сериали от 90-те години.

По-известни заглавия са "Чернокрилият паток", "Отбор Гуфи", "Новите приключения на Мечо Пух", "Покемон", "Адвокатите от Бостън", "Ким Суперплюс", "Лило и Стич: Сериалът", "Домът на Фостър за въображаеми приятели", "Бен 10", "Скуби-Ду! Мистерия ООД", "Смешно отделение", "Кунг-фу пилета", "В групата съм", "Клуб Маус", "Костенурките нинджа", "На по-добро място", "Несломимата Кими Шмид" и други.

През 2014 г. Тодоров играе министър-председателя в българския анимационен филм "Вълшебният сладкиш на Леля Брелка", където си партнира с ветеран озвучаващите актьори Симона Нанова, Александър Воронов и Цветан Ватев. Участва в дублажите на БНТ, Александра Аудио, Студио Доли, Мависта Студио, Ретел Аудио-Видео, Андарта Студио, студио Медия линк, Про Филмс, VMS и Саунд Сити Студио.

Филмография
 "В името на народа" (1984) – 8 серии – Марин
 "Цветове на изгрева" (3-сер. тв, 1987)
 "Хайка за вълци" (2000), 6 серии – богаташът Петър Пашов / ваксаджия
 "Тя и той" (2005) – Добри
 "Магна Аура — изгубеният град" (2008) – Гласът на Мортон на български
 "Под прикритие" (2012) – Охранител на печатница
 "Столичани в повече" (2012) – Старшината от казармата (некредитиран)
 "Шменти капели: Легендата" (2013 – 2014) – (15 серии) – Стамат
 Денят на бащата (2019), 6 серии – полицай 1

Източници

Български актьори и актриси
Български театрални актьори и актриси
Български озвучаващи актьори
Възпитаници на НАТФИЗ
Родени в Ардино

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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NewsTV Explainers
Run Ending, Explained
Diksha Sundriyal
HBO's 'Run' follows the story of two ex-lovers who reunite after seventeen years honoring a pact they had made a long time ago. It gives them one week to travel across the country, and at the end of their journey, they have to decide whether they want to stay together or not. Going into any rom-com, we anticipate the ending beforehand. However, 'Run' subverts the clichés and ends on a bittersweet note. If you haven't seen the show yet, head over to HBO. SPOILERS AHEAD
After deciding to run from the town and the murder investigation, Billy and Ruby make their way back to the train. They are surprised to find out that the staff never missed them. They thought that the couple had been in the roomette all this time. This means that they have a solid alibi for the time of the murder.
Meanwhile, Laurel and Detective Babe Cloud figure out that the hikers are going to LA. Daniel gives Fiona's phone to them, which leads them to Laurence. Apparently, Fiona had told Laurence about Ruby's affair with Billy. On the train, Ruby tells Billy that she has decided to get a divorce and wants to stay with Billy. However, when she finds out about the book deal that Billy wanted out of their pact, her perception about their entire situation changes.
The Ending
After being contacted by the detective, Laurence warns Ruby about it. He advises her to get in touch with her and clear up the matter while she can. Ruby calls Cloud, and stops the train midway. The detective gets on it and starts searching for Billy, who realises that he is in trouble with the law as well as Ruby. They get off at LA where Billy finds Ruby with Laurence and her kids. He confesses his love for her and wants her to tell him that she knows that his feelings are true. However, she looks angrily at him and then turns away to go with her family.
Will Billy and Ruby get back together?
Romantic comedies might seem unreal on a number of levels, but the thing about them is that they keep up with it till the end. They don't betray their genre by jumping into realistic responses after creating a bubble of fairy-tale romances for the audience. If you scoff at their cheesiness, you also have to credit them for their consistency.
The creators of 'Run' knew that, which is why, perhaps, they never completely ventured into the territory of unrealistic standards of romance. The only unrealistic thing that the audience gets in the story is the pact that the couple had made seventeen years ago. You question Ruby for leaving her kids and her well-settled life behind just for the sake of getting out of the humdrum routine, but the show keeps her story grounded by also confronting her with the consequences.
The constant calls from her husband, the blocking of credit cards, the threat of destroying her marriage, the love for her children- all of it stays in the background while she tries to figure out more urgent stuff with Billy. Perhaps, this is why, the ending doesn't seem so outrageous, even if a bit heart-breaking. This was never a perfect love story and despite its adventures, it never presented an overly romantic view of its characters. If it wanted to do that, the protagonists would have been young adults with a clean slate, not two people in their mid-30s with a heavy baggage from the past.
It would have been an ideal ending for a rom-com for Ruby to forgive Billy and accept that he has changed. But in doing so, she would be forgetting her time with him when they were still together, why she left him then, and why it would be unwise not to leave him now. The show remains consistent with its tone and the characters and wraps up the story in the way that any normal person would. But as they say, if it's not happy, it's not the end. Does this hold true for Billy and Ruby? Probably not.
Will Ruby divorce Laurence? Yes, there's a fair chance of that. Just because she has rejected Billy doesn't mean that she has to settle for the other life that didn't make her happy either. Either she and Laurence will work on their issues and repair their marriage or they'll break it away entirely. There's no ground for settlement now. As for Billy, he will be arrested and will have to face enquiry for Fiona's death. He will probably plead guilty, and the fact that he did not kill her intentionally could get him a lesser sentence. However, hoping for Ruby's return in his life would be futile.
Or, if you are too much of a romantic to let go of hope, then the reunion might happen. The ending scene cuts off with Ruby walking away with her family, but we don't really see her get back in the car, right? She could always turn back and forgive Billy. If not this, then once back home, she could give more thought to the situation and, in time, could come to terms with the fact that she still loves him. Who knows, a couple of years later, someone might text RUN and the other might text RUN back. It depends on how you want it to be.
Read More: Is HBO's Run Based on a True Story?


Kenroku-en's Beauty: The 6 aspects of a perfect garden.
Kenroku-en is a Japanese garden located in the center of Kanazawa city, in Ishikawa prefecture. It along with Koraku-en in Okayama prefecture and Kairaku-en in Ibaraki prefecture, make up the 3 famous gardens in Japan. The name, Kenroku, refers to combining the six aspects of a perfect garden. Chinese poet Li Gefei once wrote about the six aspects of a garden saying that because they conflict with each other, they couldn't be combined into one garden.
These are the three sets of conflicting aspects. Kenroku-en transcends the limitations and includes all six of them.
Worthy of the "Kenroku (six aspect)" name, it's a transcendental garden landscape.
Kenroku-en's History – 500 times older than Granzella!
Kenroku-en Garden's creation began in 1676 by the Kaga clan. As of November 2011, when compared to Granzella, which was established in April of 2011, Kenroku-en has over 500 times more history to it. (But we're trying to catch up as quick as we can!) Originally it was named Renchitei but in 1851 it became known as Kenroku-en. Surprisingly, the garden has remained almost unchanged from that time. Just like the most popular PlayStation®Home lounge, Great Edo of Nippon, people come to Kenroku-en Garden to experience atmosphere of the iconic Edo period.
Kenroku-en is a vast location. You can expect it to take at least 1-2 hours to explore the whole area. There is no planned route to guide people around the area, so those visiting for the first time may get lost. Because of this, we recommend first to walk around Kasumi-ga-ike, the largest pond in the garden. Here you will get a general idea of the things you can expect to see in the garden and it will help you to keep your bearings.
The Kotoji Tourou (stone lantern) is known as the symbol of Kenroku-en. Originally designed with two legs, a leg was broken somehow but it was put on top of a stone and has kept it's excellent ballance since then. The broken leg still lies on the ground beside it.
Drawings from the past show this to have two legs… What in the world happened?
The roots of more than 40 black pine trees, both large and small, were raised to a height of 2 meters above the ground. A long time ago, as a young pine, it was planted here in the soil. After growing some in the soil the roots later became exposed, it is said.
This fountain's water source is the Kasumi-ga-ike Pond and it is able to push the water up to 3.5 meters high. The top of the fountain, where the water comes out, and the water's surface level of Kasumi-ga-ike Pond are the same. It's said to be Japan's oldest fountain.
Even if you saw every fountain in Japan, this fountain has a deeper history.
This graph makes it easy to understand the differences.
Admission to Kenroku-en Garden is 300 yen for adults and 100 yen for children. But even if this isn't inexpensive enough for you to view the garden's beauty, surprisingly there's a way to obtain free admission! (legally) At Kenroku-en Garden, every Saturday and Sunday is "Resident Appreciation Day." You'll be exempt from entrance fees as long as you live in Ishikawa Prefecture. If you go twice a week, you'll save 30,000 yen in a year, or 1,500,000 in 50 years. Surely this is reason enough to move to Ishikawa Prefecture!


At Partsroom we have a variety of aerial lift equipment antifreeze products that protect a wide range of articulated and telescopic boom lifts, scissor lifts, vertical mast lifts, and telehandlers in temperatures as low as -36 °C. Whether it's classic liquid antifreeze, antifreeze blue, or antifreeze red, you can find exactly what you need right here. Our same day in-stock part dispatch and speedy shipping means that you can browse and buy with confidence from Partsroom.


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the-glenn-miller-orchestra logo image
The Glenn Miller Orchestra
New Wimbledon Theatre, Wimbledon
The sensational Glenn Miller Orchestra swings you back in time playing Glenn Miller's own arrangements of favourite wartime chart toppers and hits from the forties directed by legendary band leader Ray McVay.
Featuring: Pennsylvania 6-5000, St Louis Blues March, American Patrol, In the Mood, Danny Boy, Moonlight Serenade, I Know Why, The Dambusters March, Little Brown Jug, Tuxedo Junction.
There will also be a special tribute to the famed RAT PACK - Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin and Sammy Davis Jr. - who performed in the same era! New York, New York, Volare, Mr. Bojangles and Chicago to name but a few.
With special guests the Uptown Hall Gang and guest vocalists Mark Porter, Catherine Sykes and The Moonlight Serenaders.
The orchestra will perform the second half of the concert in the World War II uniforms of the US Army Air Force.
Dates:One Night Only: 09 May 2021
The Swing Time JiversGroup/Band
The Polka Dot DollsGroup/Band
Ray McVayDirector


text:
The 1936 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1936 college football season. In their fifth year under head coach Bernie Bierman, the Golden Gophers compiled a 7–1 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 203 to 32. The team was named national champion by eight NCAA-designated major selectors in Associated Press, Billingsley Report, Dickinson System, Dunkel System, Helms Athletic Foundation, Litkenhous, National Championship Foundation, and Poling System. This marked the third consecutive year the team was selected as national champion.

Tackle Ed Widseth was named an All-American by Collier's/Grantland Rice, Associated Press, INS, NEA, New York Sun, Look Magazine, New York Morning Telegram, Hearst, United Press International and Paramount News. Widseth and halfback Andy Uram were named All-Big Ten first team.

Ed Widseth was awarded the Team MVP award.

Total attendance for the season was 247,653, which averaged to 49,531. The season high for attendance was against Iowa.

Schedule

References

Minnesota
Minnesota Golden Gophers football seasons
College football national champions
Minnesota Golden Gophers football


text:
The Prince's Cabin
Land and Wildlife
FHF Research Guide
History of Frenchtown
The People of Frenchtown
Local Tribes
Women's History Project
The Métis Families
Battle of Walla Walla
St Rose Mission
Baker Railroad
St. Jean Baptiste 2019
Spring Clean Up 3-11-17
Prince's Cabin Work Day
Rendezvous 2016 Photos
St. Jean Baptiste Day 2014
Dedication Photos
Support FHF!
Hours: Dawn to dusk, daily.
Fees: Free and open to the public.
Amenties: Walking trail, signage, parking, pit toilet.
Location: 8364 Old Highway 12, Walla Walla, WA
Follow us for more info!
Frenchtown Historic Foundation on Facebook
Site courtesy
Please stay on trails to protect native grasses and other vegetation.
Pets must be on a leash.
You may ride your horse at the site but please keep them off the trails.
Site closed from sunset to sunrise.
Please help us to maintain the site by reporting any issues.
Walla Walla 20/20
Kirkman House
Tamastslikt Cultural Center
Fort Walla Walla
Whitman Mission
Franklin County Historical Society
Frazier Farmstead Museum
Sherman County Historical Museum
St. Paul Mission Historical Society
Columbia Gorge Discovery Center & Museum
East Benton County Historical Society and Museum
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
Frenchtown West Valley Historical Association
Fort Dalles Museum and Anderson Homestead
Dayton Historic Depot
Umatilla County Historical Society
Art and Culture in Walla Walla
In 1811, David Thompson of the Northwest Company led a fur trading party down the Columbia River and planted a British flag at the mouth of the Snake River, claiming sovereignty over this region for Britain. After meeting Walla Walla Chief Yellept at Wallula he promised to build a trading post for the town. In 1818, the North West Company built Fort Nez Percés at the mouth of the Walla Walla River, which later became Fort Walla Walla, a Hudson's Bay Company center for outfitting and supplying all the inland empire fur brigades.
Fort Walla Walla was heavily fortified and became known as the Gibraltar of the Columbia. All of the beaver pelts from the vast inland region were shipped through Wallula to Fort Vancouver, and from there they were loaded onto ships for England. The Hudson's Bay Company was respected by local Tribes, and many of their French-Canadian employees settled in an area of the Walla Walla Valley that became known as Frenchtown. Here they mostly married Indian wives and raised Metis families.
The voyages that fur traders embarked on were not easy. Fur traders were expected to be strong and efficient for paddling, carry large amounts of food, and endure the elements. Such fur trade voyageurs are recorded in folklore and music as heroes. As an unnamed voyageur in his 70's remembered:
"I could carry, paddle, walk and sing with any man I ever saw. I have been twenty-four years a canoe man, and forty-one years in service; no portage was ever too long for me, fifty songs could I sing. I have saved the lives of ten voyageurs, have had twelve wives and six running dogs. I spent all of my money in pleasure. Were I young again, I would spend my life the same way over. There is no life so happy as a voyageur's life!"
Songs and singing became a key element of traders' vogues. They allowed the men to pass the time in a happy manner, despite the hardships. The songs were adapted to accompany the rhythm of paddles rowing in unison. It is likely that the Montreal Agents and Wintering Partners sought out and preferred to hire voyageurs that liked to sing and were good at it. They believed that singing helped the voyageurs to paddle faster and longer.
However, the French Canadian voyageurs were a jovial people and did not need a reason to sing. They sang on just about every occasion and were fond of songs about wind and weather, spring, love and especially fair ladies.
Here is a translation of the lyrics of a voyageur's rowing song called "Come a Dancing" (1725):
"If you will come and dance with me, if you will come and dance with me,
A feathered cap I'll give to thee, a feathered cap I'll give to thee.
Come, my love, a dancing, so far into the night.
Our feet will trip so lightly! We'll forget that time's a flight.
…a belt of gold I'll give to thee….
…a homespun coat….
…a red kerchief….
…two red shoes….
…a kiss or two I'll give to you, and all the best I give to you!
Copyright © 2020 Frenchtown Historical Site. All Rights Reserved.


Writers, directors, actors, DOPs, all filmmaking enthusiasts are welcome to join us and get yourself on a team for the 48hr filmmaking challenge, taking place in Tog from Friday 7th to Sunday 9th December.
This is a great opportunity if you want to try out filmmaking and don't know where to start. All skill levels welcome. We will meet and form teams on Thursday 6th, and teams will get together over the weekend to shoot.
THERE WILL BE A SUGGESTED DONATION TO TOG OF €5 PER PERSON TO COVER THE COST OF SCREENING (OR WHATEVER YOU CAN AFFORD). Hopefully see you all there.
This was written by Joe Citizen. Posted on Friday, November 30, 2018, at 11:10 am. Filed under Workshops/Events. Tagged filmmaking, Workshops/Events. Bookmark the permalink. Follow comments here with the RSS feed.	Post a comment or leave a trackback.


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The Cost Cutter
By Zack Stern, PCWorld | PT
Using technology to save money for your business
Don't Wait for Office 2010--Get Free Online Productivity Apps Now
I'm looking forward to Microsoft's browser-based edition of Office. While the company isn't leading the trend to cloud-based apps, it's certainly in the middle of the movement. Microsoft's suite will be released next year, but you can save money by accessing online office-style apps right now. In-browser productivity suites are typically free. Plus, I like them for lightweight systems, such as netbooks, where Microsoft's desktop suite feels too bloated for even typing.
Google Docs offers free browser-based productivity apps, with basic features that match the Office apps. While I often use that service, I'm especially interested in the Zoho suite. Its apps include a cleaner interface and a few features beyond Google's options.
The basic Zoho apps are free, but you can pay for more storage and features. A free account nets 1GB of space, which should be ample for most situations. (5GB costs $3 a month, for example.) The free account also includes versions of all of Zoho's apps, including a word processor, presentation app, and spreadsheet. You'll also get more powerful software, including a CRM tool, project manager, and meeting app. But those advanced tools can include an optional monthly fee for certain situations, typically adding support for more concurrent users versus the free edition
[ Further reading: The best media streaming devices ]
In addition to those tools that go beyond Google Docs, I like the clean, featured interface in Zoho Writer, Zoho Sheet, and other basics. Zoho borrows enough from Google, such as the list of documents in the left sidebar. But I can view multiple documents as tabs within a single page, and the rest of the interface feels more intuative.
Office 2010 could swoop in to dominate online productivity apps. But Zoho's options can save you money versus buying a desktop suite right now. Especially if you're using older PCs, cheap laptops, or often swapping between computers, browser-based software can work better than desktop tools at a free--or cheap--price.
Zack Stern is building a new business from San Francisco, where he frequently contributes to PC World.


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Bluehost has for some time been a most loved of mine in the mutual and WordPress hosting spaces. They stick to present day guidelines for equipment, and their client bolster is awesome.
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With a fantastic cost versus-execution tradeoff, iPage has plans beginning at around $2 multi month. Their mutual contributions are difficult to rival, particularly for people that are new to web hosting.
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The Seguine Mansion Staten Island NYC- George Burke Keeping His Promise –
Posted on March 24, 2020 by Staten Island Living NYC
The Seguine Mansion – Keeping His Promise
A film by James Verdi
The Seguine Mansion – Keeping His Promise from Chasing the Light Productions on Vimeo.
The Seguine Mansion, also known as The Seguine-Burke Mansion, is located on Lemon Creek near the southern shore of Staten Island. The Greek Revival house is one of the few surviving examples of 19th Century life on Staten Island. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a member of the Historic House Trust.
James Seguine is believed to have purchased property near Lemon Creek between 1780 and 1786, and his grandson Joseph H. Seguine[2] built the house on the property in 1838.[3] At the time, he added a hay barn, carriage house and stables. Joseph was a prominent businessman in the area, founding several companies including the Staten Island Railroad company.[3] He died in 1856. In 1868, the family was forced to sell the house and land. In 1916, descendants were able to repurchase the house and it remained in the family until 1981.[3]
In 1981 the house was in serious need of repair, and was sold to George Burke, who had previously restored other historic buildings in the community. Burke not only saved the building but also ensured that the property would not be subdivided. The renovation of the outside of the house took more than five years and sixty gallons of paint. Burke filled the house with his elaborate collection of art and furnishings, many acquired during his years in England after World War II, while he was in the Air Force. After restoring the house and establishing an equestrian center at the site, Burke donated the Seguine Mansion to the City of New York in 1989, and retains a life interest in the site.
The New York City Parks Department owns the house. Tours are scheduled by Friends of the Seguine Mansion, by appointment only. The Friends of Seguine Mansion is a not-for-profit (501C3) formed for the purpose to own, operate, manage, and do everything normally associated with conducting the business of fund-raising for the care and maintenance of the Seguine Mansion residence and grounds, together with the power to solicit grants and contributions for the corporate purposes.
Categories: American History in New York, AuthenticNYC, COVID-19 Corona Virus, Staten Island NYC Realtime
Tags: Coronavirus News, Covid-19 information, helpsi, new york city, Staten Island, The Seguine Mansion Staten Island NYC- George Burke Keeping His Promise -
« Update for Businesses on Staten Island from the Staten Island Chamber of Commerce
Staten Island NYC COVID-19 – Resources and Information Network »


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Q: double select statement issue, multiple rows returned , subquery returned more than 1 value ok, here it goes, I have 3 tables:
accounts             ( account_id,      employee_id, account_name )
projects             ( project_id,      project_name )
project_distribution ( distribution_id, employee_id, project_id )

What I want to do is to return the project names from the project table if i have the project ids from the project_distribution table.So , let's assume that i have employee_id, i'm going into project_distribution and do a select, I get 2 values for project_id ,id 1 and 2, how can i return the project_names for these two IDs without doing 2 querys or statemens or how are they correctly called, here is my bad select statement.
SELECT project_name
FROM   projects
WHERE  project_id = ( SELECT project_id
                      FROM   project_distribution
                      WHERE  employee_id = ( SELECT employee_id
                                             FROM accounts
                                             WHERE account_name = 'tbogdan'
                                            )
                    );

oufcorse I will get 2 values from project_distribution,and a "Subquery returned more than 1 value" error  how can I fix this , and make it work?
If more info is needed, please ask...sorry for vague description...

A: Try something like this...
SELECT projects.project_name
FROM projects
INNER JOIN project_distribution ON (projects.project_id = project_distribution.project_id)
INNER JOIN accounts ON (project_distribution.employee_id = accounts.employee_id)
WHERE accounts.employee_id = 'tbogdan'

A: Use the IN keyword instead of equals in the project_distribution subquery.
SELECT project_name
FROM   projects
WHERE  project_id = ( SELECT project_id
                      FROM   project_distribution
                      WHERE  employee_id IN ( SELECT employee_id
                                             FROM accounts
                                             WHERE account_name = 'tbogdan'
                                            )
                    );

You can test your query without the subqueries by manually inputting the values you expect to be returned from the subquery:
SELECT project_name
FROM   projects
WHERE  project_id IN (1,2)

A: SELECT projects.project_name
FROM   projects
INNER JOIN project_distribution distrib
    ON projects.project_id = distrib.project_id
INNER JOIN accounts
    ON distrib.employee_id = accounts.employee_id
WHERE accounts.account_name = 'tbogdan';

A: EXISTS is also a possibility:
SELECT pr.project_name
FROM   projects pr
WHERE  EXISTS (
    SELECT *
    FROM project_distribution pd
    JOIN accounts ac ON ac.employee_id = pd.employee_id
    WHERE ac.account_name = 'tbogdan'
    );

The nice thing about exists is that the inner correlation names (pd,ac) are not exposed to the main query.


Hello Bello, a collection of plant-derived baby products, has launched exclusively at Walmart.
Founded by Kristen Bell and Dax Shepard, Hello Bello was created "to give every parent access to high-quality, better-priced everyday essentials that are better for babies, budgets and the planet."
Hello Bello offers consumers 10 products ranging in price from $1.88 to $23.94, with the majority under $8. Products currently include diapers, wipes, shampoo and body wash, bubble bath, baby lotion, diaper rash cream, hand sanitizer, mineral sunscreen, bug spray and laundry detergent.
Shepard said, "We know parenting is hard enough as it is. Parents shouldn't have to choose between what's good for their baby and good for their budget. That's why we couldn't ask for a better exclusive retail partner than Walmart, who is making it possible for us to offer premium products at a non-premium price."
Hello Bello products are available at Walmart stores nationwide, Walmart.com and HelloBello.com.


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NAAT Warns FG Against Accepting ASUU's UTAS
The National Association of Academic Technologists (NAAT) has warned the federal government against accepting a salary payment platform designed by the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) called University Transparency and Accountability Solution (UTAS).
It said the government must not allow itself to be blackmailed by any union to accept the lecturers' platform, adding that NAAT had also worked assiduously to produce its own platform called Tertiary Institutions Integrity Payroll System (TIIPS).
It would be recalled that the Senior Staff Association of Nigeria Universities (SSANU) and the Non-Academic Staff Union of Universities (NASU), had recently notified the government about their separate platform that will serve as an alternative to the controversial Integrated Payroll and Payment Information System (IPPIS) introduced by the Federal Government.
The new platform introduced by SSANU and NASU was University General Peculiar Payroll Payment System (UGPPPS).
Addressing newsmen after its 44th National Executive Council (NEC) meeting during the weekend, President of NAAT, Ibeji Nwokoma, vowed that the association would also resist any attempt where the sharing of the recently approved N40bn Earned Allowance released by the federal government is skewed to favour a particular union to the detriment of its members.
He explained that its members were being owed the sum of N71 billion in arrears as part of the 2009 agreement with the federal government.
According to him, NAAT is also demanding that the sum of N100 billion be made available immediately and N5 billion annually for the next five years to equip laboratories, workshops & studios in the nation's universities to bring them to international standard in the interest of students, production of quality graduates and National development.
The union leader also criticised the Chairman of the Federal Government Renegotiation Committee, Prof. Munzali Jibrin, over his comment on the sharing of the earned allowance, noting that the former Executive Secretary of the National Universities Commission has made himself the mouthpiece of ASUU.
He explained that "members of NAAT (Technologists) are trained professionally to impact practical knowledge, but the right atmosphere is not provided, it becomes difficult for Technologists to perform their duties properly."
He, therefore, called for the immediate auditing of equipment in the University Laboratories, insisting that their position against UTAS does not mean they accepted the controversial IPPIS.
"The Office of the Accountant General of the Federation (OAGF) organized series of meetings to educate unions on the workings of the IPPIS where the Consultant, Infinix demonstrated and produced copies of payslips in which all allowances were said to have been captured with assurances that NAAT peculiarities would be taken care of. Unfortunately, this was not the case as all our allowance contained in the 2009 FGN/NAAT agreement was removed," he added.
Source:- Daily Trust