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Tony Cunningham
Former Labour MP for Workington
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A selection of Tony Cunningham's votes
See full list of topics voted on
Almost always voted against reducing housing benefit for social tenants deemed to have excess bedrooms (which Labour describe as the "bedroom tax") Show votes 0 votes for, 15 votes against, 2 absences, between 2011–2014
Generally voted for more EU integration Show votes 41 votes for, 5 votes against, 13 absences, between 2008–2014
Voted against raising England's undergraduate tuition fee cap to £9,000 per year Show votes 0 votes for, 1 vote against, in 2010
Almost always voted against a reduction in spending on welfare benefits Show votes 1 vote for, 25 votes against, 5 absences, between 2012–2015
Consistently voted for raising welfare benefits at least in line with prices Show votes 5 votes for, 0 votes against, in 2013
Consistently voted against an equal number of electors per parliamentary constituency Show votes 0 votes for, 10 votes against, between 2010–2013
We have lots more plain English analysis of Tony Cunningham's voting record on issues like health, welfare, taxation and more. Visit Tony Cunningham's full vote analysis page for more.
Vaccine Damage Payments Act — [Mr Martin Caton in the Chair] 24 Mar 2015
To emphasise just how serious the consequences are, I point out that Steve Hinks's daughter, to whom my hon. Friend may be referring, is often asleep for 23 hours a day. That is how serious the consequences are.
Written Answers — Department for Energy and Climate Change: Green Deal Scheme 17 Mar 2015
To ask the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, whether he plans that upgrading of (a) oil boilers and (b) LPG boilers will be mandated to installing energy companies as being available to qualifying householders under the revised Green Deal Home Improvement Fund.
Written Answers — Department for International Development: Training 11 Mar 2015
To ask the Secretary of State for International Development, what accreditation staff in her Department undertaking professional programme management training receive; and how many people at each grade in her Department have received such training.
More of Tony Cunningham's recent appearances
Entered the House of Commons on 7 June 2001 — General election
Left the House of Commons on 30 March 2015 — General election
BBC News profile
Early Day Motions signed by this MP
Expenses from 2004 to 2009
Expenses from 2010 onwards
Environment Food and Rural Affairs
Work and Pensions
Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
Meningitis: Vaccination
Developing Countries: Health Services
Plastics: Recycling
Other offices held in the past
Member, International Development Committee (4 Nov 2013 to 30 Mar 2015)
Shadow Minister (International Development) (7 Oct 2011 to 7 Oct 2013)
Opposition Pairing Whip (Commons) (8 Oct 2010 to 7 Oct 2011)
Government Whip (5 Oct 2008 to 6 May 2010)
Member, Committee of Selection (10 May 2006 to 9 May 2013)
Assistant Whip (HM Treasury) (10 May 2005 to 5 Oct 2008)
Member, Catering Committee (28 May 2004 to 11 Apr 2005)
PPS (Mr Elliot Morley, Minister of State), Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (13 May 2004 to 11 Apr 2005)
Member, European Scrutiny Committee (16 Jul 2001 to 26 Apr 2004)
Member, Human Rights (Joint Committee) (7 Jun 2001 to 19 Jul 2001)
Previous MPs in this constituency
Dale Campbell-Savours
Richard Page
Thomas Peart
Thomas Cape
Future MPs in this constituency
Sue Hayman
Public bill committees (Sittings attended)
Commons Bill Committee (4 out of 4)
Natural Environment and Rural Communities Bill Committee (9 out of 9)
Animal Welfare Bill Committee (8 out of 8)
National Insurance Contributions and Statutory Payments Bill Committee (1 out of 2)
Police (Northern Ireland) Bill Committee (9 out of 9)
Finance Bill Committee (10 out of 16)
European Parliament (Representation) Bill Committee (4 out of 6)
Water Bill Committee (10 out of 11)
International Development Bill Committee (4 out of 4)
Animal Health Bill Committee (5 out of 6)
Register of Members' Interests
Last updated: 30 Mar 2015.
(a) Donations to my constituency party or association, which have been or will be reported by the party to the Electoral Commission:
(a) Name of donor: Unite the Union
(a) Address of donor: Unite House, 128 Theobalds Road, London WC1X 8TN
(a) Amount of donation or nature and value if donation in kind: £3,000
(a) Donor status: trade union
(a) (Registered 28 April 2014)
View the history of this MP's entries in the Register
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This data was produced by TheyWorkForYou from a variety of sources. Voting information from Public Whip.


Even though we had some surge, we had a fantastic dive on the J4. Surge is easy to dive in if you just use it to help you move & don't try to fight it. We started at the bow, at the torpedo tubes, then we swim up & over to the conning tower. Looking into ever little opening gives us a great insight in to the mechanical operations of the sub. We can see the pipe work that runs on the outer side of the pressure hull and is covered by the outer casing. Although it usually takes only takes 15 minutes to swim the length of the sub after 30 minutes we have only just made it to the stern – but we have done a great job of covering every square inch of the deck of the sub.


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The Remains of Home: Remembering Partition through the Trials and Travels of Objects
by Café Dissensus on August 15, 2017
By Sohini Chakraborty
15 August, 2017 marks the seventieth year of the Partition of the British-administered Indian subcontinent. Much has transpired since the trifurcation of the British Raj's 'jewel in the Crown' and time has taught the many inhabitants of South Asia that violence lurks just beneath, threatening to be unleashed at the simplest of supposed transgressions. The partitioning of the Indian subcontinent was not motivated by a desire for self-determination or peace but hastily brought to fruition by Britain's need to withdraw from the region. Dominique Lapierre and Larry Collins support this assertion in Freedom at Midnight, which opens by drawing the attention of the reader to the bleak New Year's Day in 1947, when Britain, ravaged by war, was stumbling under the excessive strain of war expenses that had crippled its industry and bankrupted its exchequer. And yet London was the capital of a conquering nation and of an empire on which 'the sun would never set.' The British involvement in the two World Wars had led to the loss of an entire generation of young men and by 1947 there were barely a thousand British members in the Indian Civil Services, who still somehow administered and controlled the destinies of 400 million people.
The partition of the Indian subcontinent was announced on June 3, 1947, bringing to an end almost two hundred years of colonial rule, which came down to a novel task of dividing the vast machinery of statecraft into two distinct nations – the Hindu-majority India and the Islamic state of Pakistan. The partition, however, had divided not only the territories of India and its people but even archaeological artefacts, everyday objects, museums, properties, libraries, and archives. The material implications of Partition entailed the divisions and transfers of the most mundane of governmental assets in the form of tables and pen stands to the egregious division of archaeological treasures. All departmental assets and financial liabilities of British India had to be divided within a ridiculously short span of seventy days. Karachi, which was to be the capital of Pakistan, required infrastructure that had to be built from scratch. One of the many instances was of the 203 typewriters that were in the possession of the External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations Department in undivided India. According to the expert estimations, the reduced workload of the Delhi office would require 182 typewriters. The rest, along with 31 pen stands, 20 benches, 125 paper cabinets, 16 easy chairs, and 31 officers' tables would go to the Pakistan office. Such was the bureaucratic nightmare that everything from a ceiling fan to a paper clip had to be accounted for and fairly distributed.
Nationalist claims of both sides would ultimately extend to include the archaeological treasures of imperial India. The antiquities of Mohenjodaro proved to be the most contentious. The Indus valley artefacts came to occupy a central focus in the negotiations because of its greater importance in imagining an ancient Indian past. Any discussion on Mohenjodaro was marked by a perpetual sense of loss of heritage and handing over all artefacts excavated jointly in undivided India was not an option. More than 14,000 artefacts were divided down to the middle, covering a range of items from seals and statuary to ordinary artefacts of stone, clay, and metal. A fifty-fifty principle of division was also applied to four unique articles, which included two gold necklaces from Taxila, a carnelian and copper girdle from Mohenjodaro and a necklace made of jade beads, gold discs, and semi-precious stones. Guided by a strict principle of equitable division, the Partition Committee took apart archaeological treasures without any heed to desirability or integrity, ignoring ethical options in favour of settling bureaucratic squabbles.
Much of what I have discussed so far is an account of governmental assets, objects, artefacts, and archives, the equitable division of which were a bureaucratic necessity. But as we turn to the other dimension of Partition, that is its impact on millions of ordinary lives, a different narrative, far removed from the statist perspective, emerges. Colossal displacements had occurred on both the eastern and western borders as a consequence of the division with millions of people leaving behind their family homes and along with it the precious family heirlooms as well as the everyday objects that had been a part of their mundane lives. In his essay, "Growing up Refugee", Manas Ray remembers his mother's sewing machine, his father's volumes of Greenwich Encyclopaedia and a family cot among other items that had crossed the border and survived. These everyday objects reminded the ones who crossed over and the generation that was to follow of the lives and times left behind, weaving seamlessly into imaginations of an ancestral home that could no longer be claimed but must be re-imagined in another landscape.
Stories of 'things' left behind are aplenty in every family that crossed borders. My grandfather every so often remembers his mother's ring he inherited as a young man but lost sometime later in life. His elder siblings who remembered more about life pre-partition would lament the loss of a life that could have been and in old age found solace in recounting tales of a childhood spent riding bicycles along the beach. A friend of mine shared with me her great-grandfather's habit of writing journals, which he had meticulously maintained even before the partition. Of course, all of that had to be left behind.
India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh have all witnessed an entangling of their miseries since 1947 and yet memorializing that singular moment that had led to the creation of the (erstwhile) two separate nations has taken seventy years. 'The world's first Partition Museum' slated to be completed by August this year, brings together 'alternative histories, subaltern experiences and contemporary plural narratives' by setting itself up at the Town Hall in Amritsar in an attempt to curate one of the most traumatic experiences of the twentieth century. Kiswar Desai posits, 'Museums have been more about collections than experience, about documentation than memory, about history through objects rather than storytelling.'
The 1947 Partition that resulted in a mass exodus of Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs from both sides of the border have many stories to tell, some of which must be mediated through objects – both extraordinary and mundane. The museum in Amritsar intends to be a 'people's museum' based on the recollections of its victims and survivors and is stocked with materials they have provided. It has already built a collection of more than 2,000 historical materials. One such example is of a family that has donated its family swords for the museum. An elderly family member had hidden the swords at the time of Partition so that they could not be used for the murder of their friends and neighbours, who were now separated by religion. The museum also houses an iconic terracotta sculpture of a woman's head made by camp commander S.L. Parasher during his stay at Ambala Baldev Nagar refugee camp. Sculpted using earth taken from the camp itself, the statue has become symbolic of the trauma and pain that the partition had inflicted on millions.
Ordinary objects are made meaningful due to the experiences they emerge from and the extraordinary tales of trauma, violence, resilience, and kindness they represent. A phulkari dupatta hangs in one of the walls at the museum. It belonged to a woman who, like many others, was asked by her family to jump into a well to avoid violation and disgrace. Although she survived, most did not. The memorialized dupatta endeavours to remember all those who had lost their lives in acts of honour killing and also those shreds of humanity that had saved others. The museum also exhibits a phulkari coat and a battered leather suitcase belonging to lovers from Lahore who were separated during the divide but were later reunited on the other side of the border. These were the only two items they had in their possession when they met once again.
Objects and artefacts are tangible remains that link people to past events by attaching a sensory experience to history. What moves in times of war and what gets left behind to be recollected in fond remembrance becomes a hypothetical question when considered in abstraction. Whether they would be precious collections treasured over a lifetime or basic necessities that might serve some practical use in the future was a decision undertaken in moments that had no precedence and provided no possible pattern. There are innumerable writings, films, artworks that remember the absurdity, the uncertainty, and the horrors of Partition. In Midnight's Furies, Nisid Hajari writes that some British soldiers and journalists who had witnessed the Nazi death camps claimed Partition's brutalities were worse. But if one moves away from a statist recounting of Partition by situating the displaced and their belongings at the centre of the analysis, an alternative understanding of its unmitigated trauma emerges, one that exists in the everyday long past the incident. Similarly, the division of governmental assets and archaeological artefacts bring to the foreground the anxieties and concerns that emerged in the restructuring of the nationalist histories of the newly-formed nation states.
Those objects that travelled and the ones that did not were entangled with memories, tales of which were passed down from one generation to another but are today often received with uneven significance. The generation of adults who had witnessed 'the great divide' are mostly no more and the young too are fading by the day. This eventuality has triggered an alarm wherein the realisation that a crucial part of Indian history is disappearing has led to the undertaking of several projects aimed preserving it. Reading Partition through the lens of objects is a tentative step towards an engagement with an alternative analysis of history, one that brings together governmental assets and personal belongings under the same rubric by knitting together history and memory through an evaluation of tangible remains. The division, separation, trials, and nostalgic remembrances of objects form a less explored narrative of Partition. In keeping with the objective of the Partition Museum let us remember, albeit a little differently, a shared traumatic and tragic past that in many ways defines modern South Asian identity and continues to exist in the mundane.
Photo: The Partition Museum, Amritsar
Sohini Chakraborty is an M.Phil. student at the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta.
Tags: Bangladesh, India, India 70, Pakistan, Partition 70
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Jaguars announce new plans for downtown Jacksonville, Football headquarters
A re-imagining of the team's practice facility, a new Four Seasons Hotel and more are part of the Jaguars' vision for the future of downtown Jacksonville.
By Demetrius Harvey@Demetrius82 Jun 4, 2021, 9:04am EDT
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Bob Self via Imagn Content Services, LLC
There's a freshness in the air in Jacksonville and surrounding the Jaguars' organization, and that was felt even more on Thursday after the team unveiled a new plan, 1st Downtown Jacksonville, a brand, community and movement, all in one, said owner Jaguars team owner Shad Khan.
For years now, the Jaguars have unveiled rendering for their vision of how downtown Jacksonville should look. While much of it hasn't come to fruition, including a Lot J plan that was struck down by the City of Jacksonville council last season, there was quite a different feeling in the aftermath of yesterday's presentation.
The latest plan not only includes solutions for the currently vacant shipyards and surrounding area, but also a plan to build a 125,000-square-foot football performance center, a new home for the Jaguars' football operations.
Let's begin with the Shipyards: "It's now a great region of opportunity," says Mark Lamping. #dtjax pic.twitter.com/FNBmyRpY5v
— 1stDownTown (@1stdowntownjax) June 3, 2021
"My goal is for Downtown Jacksonville to be the envy of cities here in the U.S. and elsewhere, and I see no reason why we can't achieve that goal," said Khan.
"I am confident we have the local leadership, spirit and commitment to revitalize Downtown Jacksonville in a manner that will make the world take notice while also serving the needs of the community and the people who make Jacksonville their home."
Phase 1 of the plans is set to include the construction of a Four Seasons Hotel, restored Metropolitan Park, a six-story office building and a "modernized city-owned marina with a park and multifunctional building."
The Jaguars and Khan have pledged to do their part, planning to adopt Met Park through the city's existing Private Park Adoption Program. In doing so, the Jaguars would be making a $4M, 20-year commitment to help keep the park clean, safe and well-maintained.
The second phase of development will include the construction of an orthopedic center of excellence and additional residential units.
This will include a 42,000 square-foot orthopedic sports medicine complex by Baptist Health/JOI. A sports medicine complex adjacent to the Jaguars' headquarters gives players and athletes all of the care they'd need right in its virtual backyard, something that Jaguars head coach Urban Meyer feels strongly about.
1st Downtown Jacksonville is a platform created by the Jaguars to help communicate, advocate and unite supporters who share the same vision and enthusiasm they have for Downtown. Please visit https://t.co/UhmjhiTBBd to learn how you can join the team! #dtjax pic.twitter.com/QubndbIHNF
With the Football Performance Center, the Jaguars are planning to deliver a facility that will blend football performance and public access.
According to the Jaguars, the "current space dedicated to football operations inside TIAA Bank Field does not meet NFL team requirements. Creating a football performance center will allow the Jaguars team and football operations to move out of the stadium permanently, permitting stadium renovations to commence."
The new performance center, which is anticipated to open in summer 2023, is planned to be co-funded by both the Jaguars and the City of Jacksonville, splitting the costs down the middle, $60M a piece. The Jaguars will also be responsible for any ongoing capital, maintenance and operational cost of the football facility.
While nothing is yet official, the features of the building are something that Meyer and the Jaguars organization have pinned for, for quite some time, and it appears likely to get done.
The new facility would include locker rooms, team and positional meeting rooms, training and recovery areas, medical support facilities, a state-of-the-art weight room, dining facilities, coaches and scouts' offices, a draft room and public meeting space.
There will also be two full-size grass practice fields and a full-size indoor practice field.
With that, the current Flex Field, connected to Daily's Place, could then be used by the COJ Parks and Recreation Department.
The Football Performance Center will be a 125,000-square-foot "football factory" to serve as the new home of the Jaguars Football Operations. This will allow us to open the current Flex Field for public use by the COJ Parks & Rec Department. #dtjax pic.twitter.com/RwGppIX9Qx
"The most valuable commodity of any organization of the players and how you invest back in the players. And that's always been—for the last 30 years, I've always believed in that. I didn't say, 'Be soft,' I didn't say—whatever," Meyer said shortly following the team's practice on Thursday.
"I work people hard, bring out the greatness in them, but also treat them like gold, treat them right, the way they're— really, they've earned that right as an NFL player, I think they've earned that right as a college football player, I think you've earned that right as a volleyball player.
"You've earned that right to get the very best treatment, the very best training that's possible. And if you don't get that, I think the players are getting the—that's not fair."
With the new Football Performance Center, the Jaguars will be doing just that - giving its players the best support it can, while also providing the organization with a new headquarters that will pave the way for any potential renovations of the current stadium down the line.
Clowns, at rest


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Q: Haskell: 'makeNtuple' function? Is there a function or functions in Haskell that takes n arguments, and returns an n-tuple? For example:
make3tuple:: a -> a -> a -> (a,a,a)
make3tuple a b c = (a,b,c)

ie: like comma, but for more than two arguments.  Obviously make3tuple does the job, but I feel like there must be a built-in way to do this, and I've not found it, or missed some way to use some other ubiquitous function.
FWIW, this arises when using liftM3 (or higher). For example:
type RandomState a = State StdGen a
[...]
getTwoRandoms = liftM2 (,) getRandom getRandom
get3Randoms = liftM3 make3tuple getRandom getRandom getRandom

Thanks!

A: Yes.
(,,) :: a -> b -> c -> (a, b, c)
(,,,) :: a -> b -> c -> d -> (a, b, c, d)

etc.
So you could write liftM3 (,,) getRandom getRandom getRandom
Haskell compilers provide functions like this up to a certain size (I think the guarantee is 15-tuples)

A: Not as a function like makeNtuple :: Int -> a -> a -> ... -> (a,a,...) and note it seems to even be non-expressible in the type language. If you're okay with the tuple having a homogenous type then you can use "dependently-typed" Vectors
data Nat = Ze | Su Nat

data Vec :: * -> Nat -> * where
  Nil  :: Vec a Ze
  Cons :: a -> Vec a n -> Vec a (Su n)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Much like Magdalena Bay, San Ignacio Lagoon (Laguna San Ignacio) has become known for the whales that like to convene there. Laguna San Ignacio serves as primary calving ground for gray whales, and it is unique amongst Baja's three lagoons visited by whales in that the lagoon remains all natural and undeveloped. From the months of December to April, visitors can find gray whales enjoying the shallow, protected waters as they mate, give birth, and feed their newborns.
More than whales seek out Laguna San Ignacio for shelter. The lagoon is known to host several types of sea turtles including the loggerhead, green, and olive ridley turtles. Occasionally, even the rarer hawksbill turtles find their way to its waters. Blue footed boobies and Pacific loons are also known to hang out on its shores, while brown pelicans are known to migrate down from the north to breed in the San Ignacio Lagoon region.
The lagoon itself is rather shallow for such large creatures, reaching only 7.5-13 feet (2-4 meters). The coastal lagoon is rather long, however, stretching 22 miles long; with that length, the whales have room to romp and nurture their young. One of the reasons this region is so nutrient rich, which the whales and other marine life enjoy, is because the lagoon represents the mangrove forest's northern limit along the Pacific Ocean's coastline. The coastal upwelling along the region combines with the mangrove and kelp forests to create an incredibly rich marine environment that supports a variety of marine life.
About 40 miles east of Laguna San Ignacio lies the town of San Ignacio. Much like its fellow lagoon, San Ignacio continues to be a tranquil retreat relatively untouched by some of Baja's cosmopolitan tendencies. Dotted with date palms and citrus orchards, San Ignacio is an oasis that stands out against the cactus and volcanic rock surrounding it. The town itself is somnolent and continues to breathe of the past. The main part of town is situated around a traditional town square, and a Dominican church built in 1768 stands as one of the town's primary attractions. Besides its outward beauty, the church gains some renown because it is constructed entirely out of the volcanic rock that dominates the surrounding landscape.


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Con l'espressione ultimus romanorum (in lingua latina: ultimo dei romani) si indica un personaggio che nella storia è stato percepito incarnare i valori e le caratteristiche precipue della civiltà romana. Valori che per circostanze storiche, politiche o culturali avvicendatesi, sono stati ritenuti estinti con la sua scomparsa. Nel corso dei secoli l'espressione è stata più volte associata ai personaggi più disparati, non solo dell'epoca strettamente identificata con la romanità classica, ma anche i secoli successivi, fino all'epoca moderna. Si tratta dunque di personaggi afferenti alle più disparate sfere d'interesse del mondo della classicità: dalle doti militari, a quelle politico-oratorie e soprattutto a quelle culturali-filosofiche, a testimonianza di una percezione di ampio respiro delle caratteristiche precipue della romanitas che trascende la storia, inserendole in un vero e proprio modo di essere, di pensare, di agire.

Lista di persone descritte come ultime dei romani o tali per la loro figura e il loro contesto d'azione
 Gaio Cassio Longino (85-42 a.C.) politico romano, tra i promotori della congiura che portò all'assassinio di Giulio Cesare, il riferimento è nella fonte di Tacito: «Sotto il consolato di Cornelio Cosso e Asinio Agrippa fu sottoposto a giudizio Cremuzio Cordo per un reato di nuovo genere, noto allora per la prima volta: negli annali da lui scritti, dopo aver elogiato M. Bruto, aveva chiamato Cassio l'ultimo dei romani.»
 Gaio Asinio Pollione (76 a.C. - 5), politico e oratore romano, considerato l'ultimo grande oratore.

 Valentiniano I (321-375), ultimo imperatore della pars occidentalis a impegnarsi in maniera estensiva sia sulla frontiera danubiana che su quella renana.
 Valente (328-378), "l'ultimo vero romano" nelle Res Gestae di Ammiano Marcellino, imperatore dell'Impero Romano d'oriente (e fratello di Valentiniano I) che condusse il suo esercito nella catastrofica disfatta di Adrianopoli contro i Goti invasori cadendo sul campo (378): si trattò di una data spartiacque, che impresse nella mentalità collettiva un trauma ben peggiore di quello legato alle vicende del 410.
 Stilicone (359 ca. - 408), generale romano-vandalico che dalla morte di Teodosio nel 395 detenne un potere pressoché indiscutibile nell'impero d'Occidente. Chiamato "l'ultimo dei generali romani" da Edward Gibbon (Teodosio e gli ultimi generali romani, cap XXX).
 Flavio Ezio (390 ca. - 454), generale romano, è Procopio di Cesarea a chiamarlo così. Di fatto l'ultimo comandante militare a poter disporre di un esercito ancora in grado di contenere le invasioni barbariche in un contesto di dissolvimento dell'Impero sempre più tangibile. In Gallia seppe servirsi all'occorrenza di contingenti barbari nell'ottica del divide et impera e nel 451, con la vittoria su Attila ai Campi Catalaunici, raggiunge l'apice della carriera e del potere. Cade ucciso in una congiura ordita da Valentiniano III in seguito a una discussione con quest'ultimo, ma se ne ignorano le vere cause.
 Galla Placidia (388-450), consorte di Costanzo III e madre di Valentiniano III fu "l'ultima imperatrice romana" di fatto regnante dal 425 al 437 per conto del figlio non ancora in maggiore età.
 Maggiorano (420-461), imperatore romano tra il 457 e il 461. Fu l'ultimo imperatore universalmente riconosciuto governante de facto di tutta la pars occidentalis e ultimo a organizzare una grande campagna militare di ampio respiro tesa a recuperare i territori perduti: dopo aver ripristinato il controllo romano su quasi tutta la Gallia e la Hispania il suo obiettivo di riprendere l'Africa ai Vandali venne frustrato dal tradimento di alcuni generali al soldo dei barbari che portarono alla distruzione della flotta imperiale.
 Ambrogio Aureliano (fl. V secolo), un comandante militare romano-britannico che combatté contro le invasioni degli Anglo-Sassoni, ne troviamo attestato l'appellativo in Gildas (De excidio et conquestu Britanniae): «Era un uomo modesto, l'unico della razza romana che era casualmente sopravvissuto nel frastuono della tempesta (i suoi genitori, che avevano sempre indossato la porpora, erano morti con questa) che si è scatenata ai nostri giorni e che ci ha condotti assai lontano dalla virtù degli avi [...] a questi uomini, con il consenso di Dio, arrise la vittoria.»
 Severino Boezio (475/77-524/26), probabilmente l'ultimo grande filosofo di Roma, consigliere e cancelliere del re ostrogoto Teoderico.
 Gildas (fine V sec.-570ca.) chierico romano-britannico e scrittore. Autore del De excidio et conquestu Britanniae, ove si descrivono con crudo pessimismo le distruzioni e le desolazioni della Britannia post-romana.
 Giustiniano I (483-565), Augusto dell'Impero Romano d'Oriente, ultimo a organizzare una grande iniziativa di ripristino del controllo romano in Occidente e ultimo imperatore di madrelingua latina.
 Flavio Belisario (505ca.-565), abile generale dell'impero romano (bizantino) sotto Giustiniano, è l'artefice delle campagne militari che portarono alla riconquista dell'Italia e delle province africane.
 Cassiodoro (485ca.-580), politico, storico e scrittore romano, insieme a Boezio protagonista della rinascita culturale sotto il regno di Teodorico.
 Gregorio Magno (540ca.-604), romano, papa dal 590 al 604 visse in uno dei periodi più difficili della storia di Roma e dell'Italia in generale. Appartenente alla nobile famiglia senatoria degli Anicii (anche se ciò è alquanto discusso), dal suo epistolario traspare un forte senso di attaccamento a Roma, alle sue istituzioni e al suo glorioso passato, oltre che la cognizione di una città oramai in rovina, devastata dalle guerre e dai saccheggi: "Dov'è il Senato, dov'è il popolo ormai? In essa è spento tutto lo splendore delle dignità terrene. Era un tempo nido di leoni, pascolo di leoncini, dov'è la loro magnificenza? Il loro orgoglio? Dove un tempo accorreva la gioventù per istruirsi e far carriera, ora è solo desolazione. L'aquila è senza piume". Scontratosi più volte con l'autorità imperiale di Costantinopoli, non più in grado di proteggere l'Italia e oramai protesa all'Oriente, Gregorio dovette più volte provvedere in prima persona alla difesa militare di Roma contro le aggressioni longobarde e organizzò anche la sovrintentendenza dell'annona cittadina.
 Desiderio di Cahors (580ca-655), aristocratico e vescovo gallo-romano. Ne troviamo l'appellativo nella monumentale Storia della Francia di Anthyme Saint-Paul, che riconosce al presule di Cahors la grande opera edificatoria collocandolo, per la sua eccezionale erudizione, la sua istruzione e soprattutto la corrispondenza letteraria con gli aristocratici della sua cerchia di amicizie, al termine di un percorso culturale che traeva le sue origini dall'età più arcaica della classicità.

Note

Frasi latine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Set in a modern building, autumn 2018 saw the opening of a new permanent exhibition on the first floor designed to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the re-creation of the Polish Navy. In 1918, Poland found itself once again an independent nation and although its access to the sea was drastically reduced from the period before the partitions, the newly reborn nation was determined to create a navy as quickly as possible. Polish officers and sailors returned home from the navies of the partitioning powers where many had held senior ranks. This exhibition, although not all available with English explanations, has plenty of information, stories and artefacts to make it of interest. The exhibition is entitled 'Mamy rozkaz Cię utrzymać', literally meaning 'We have an order to hold you' (in relation to the Polish coast and sea) and comes from a popular patriotic song. There's more to see on the other two floors and in the grounds outside too. Downstairs you'll find a display of various bombs, torpedoes and artillery as well as a short history about the WWII warship ORP Gryf which was one of the early casualties of the war when it was sunk in Hel harbour in September 1939. Meanwhile, on the upper floor there are some very impressive wooden models of famous ships. The gardens holds a collection of old planes and artillery including 18th century cannons; shells from the Schleswig-Holstein (the ship that kicked off WWII), and a cannon recovered from a German U-boat sunk in Gdynia harbour in 1945. Well-worth an hour or so of your time when the weather isn't conducive to spending time on the neighbouring beach.
Last entrance 40 min before closing.
Admission 14/7zł and family ticket 22zł.
I'm currently in possesion of a beautiful hand-carved platter with the words "For Rememberence From Harbour Gdynia 1945-46" carved into the back...could you give me any background information as to it's history?


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text:
Health|6 Food Mistakes Parents Make
6 Food Mistakes Parents Make
By TARA PARKER-POPE SEPT. 14, 2008
HARRIET WOROBEY, a childhood nutrition instructor, knows firsthand that children can be picky eaters, but even she was surprised by a preschooler last year who ate a mostly chocolate diet.
"Chocolate milk, chocolate chip muffins, chocolate chip pancakes — it was unbelievable," said Ms. Worobey, director of the Rutgers University Nutritional Sciences Preschool in New Brunswick, N.J. "His mother just thought, 'That's what he wants, so that's what I'm going to do.' "
While most parents haven't resorted to the chocolate diet, they can relate to the daily challenge of finding foods that children will eat. Although obesity dominates the national discussion on childhood health, many parents are also worried that their child's preferred diet of nuggets and noodles could lead to a nutritional deficit.
Fussiness about food is a normal part of a child's development. Young children are naturally neophobic — they have a distrust of the new. Even the most determined parents can be cowed by a child's resolve to eat nothing rather than try something new. As a result, parents often give in, deciding that a bowl of Cocoa Puffs or a Pop-Tart, while not ideal, must be better than no food at all.
"I think parents feel like it's their job to just make their children eat something," Ms. Worobey said. "But it's really their job to serve a variety of healthy foods and get their children exposed to foods."
A series of simple meal-time strategies can help even the pickiest eater learn to like a more varied diet. Here's a look at six common mistakes parents make when feeding their children.
Sending children out of the kitchen With hot stoves, boiling water and sharp knives at hand, it is understandable that parents don't want children in the kitchen when they're making dinner. But studies suggest that involving children in meal preparation is an important first step in getting them to try new foods.
Researchers at Teachers College at Columbia University studied how cooking with a child affects the child's eating habits. In one study, nearly 600 children from kindergarten to sixth grade took part in a nutrition curriculum intended to get them to eat more vegetables and whole grains. Some children, in addition to having lessons about healthful eating, took part in cooking workshops. The researchers found that children who had cooked their own foods were more likely to eat those foods in the cafeteria, and even ask for seconds, than children who had not had the cooking class.
When children are involved in meal preparation, "they come to at least try the food," said Isobel Contento, professor of nutrition education at Teachers College and a co-author of the study. "Kids don't usually like radishes, but we found that if kids cut up radishes and put them in the salad, they love the radishes."
Pressuring them to take a bite Demanding that a child eat at least one bite of everything seems reasonable, but it's likely to backfire.
Studies show that children react negatively when parents pressure them to eat foods, even if the pressure offers a reward. In one study at Pennsylvania State University, researchers asked children to eat vegetables and drink milk, offering them stickers and television time if they did. Later in the study, the children expressed dislike for the foods they had been rewarded for eating.
"Parents say things like 'eat your vegetables and you can watch TV,' but we know that kind of thing doesn't work either," said Leann L. Birch, director of Penn State's childhood obesity research center and a co-author of the study. "In the short run, you might be able to coerce a child to eat, but in the long run, they will be less likely to eat those foods."
Credit Tony Cenicola/The New York Times
The better approach is to put the food on the table and encourage a child to try it. But don't complain if she refuses, and don't offer praise if she tastes it. Just ask her if she wants some more or take seconds yourself, but try to stay neutral.
Keeping 'good stuff' out of reach Parents worry that children will binge on treats, so they often put them out of sight or on a high shelf. But a large body of research shows that if a parent restricts a food, children just want it more.
In another Penn State study, researchers experimented to determine whether forbidden foods were more desirable. Children were seated at tables and given unlimited access to plates of apple or peach cookie bars — two foods the youngsters had rated as "just O.K." in earlier taste tests. With another group, some bars were served on plates, while some were placed in a clear cookie jar in the middle of the table. The children were told that after 10 minutes, they could snack on cookies from the jar.
The researchers found that restricting the cookies had a profound effect: consumption more than tripled compared with when the cookies were served on plates.
Other studies show that children whose food is highly restricted at home are far more likely to binge when they have access to forbidden foods.
The lesson for parents? Don't bring foods that you feel the need to restrict into the house. Instead, buy healthful snacks and give children free access to the food cabinets.
Dieting in front of your children Kids are tuned into their parents' eating preferences and are far more likely to try foods if they see their mother or father eating them. A Rutgers study of parent and child food preferences found that preschoolers tended to like or reject the same fruits and vegetables their parents liked or didn't like. And other research has shown girls are more likely to be picky eaters if their mothers don't like vegetables.
Given this powerful effect, parents who are trying to lose weight should be aware of how their dieting habits can influence a child's perceptions about food and healthful eating. In one study of 5-year-old girls, one child noted that dieting involved drinking chocolate milkshakes — her mother was using Slim-Fast drinks. Another child said dieting meant "you fix food but you don't eat it."
A 2005 report in the journal Health Psychology found that mothers who were preoccupied with their weight and eating were more likely to restrict foods for their daughters or encourage them to lose weight. Daughters of dieters were also more likely to try diets as well. The problem is, restrictive diets don't work for most people and often lead to binge eating and weight gain. By exposing young children to erratic dieting habits, parents may be putting them at risk for eating disorders or a lifetime of chronic dieting. "Most mothers don't think their kids are soaking up this information, but they are," Dr. Birch said. "They're teaching it to their daughters even though it doesn't work for them."
Serving boring vegetables Calorie-counting parents often serve plain steamed vegetables, so it's no wonder children are reluctant to eat them. Nutritionists say parents shouldn't be afraid to dress up the vegetables. Adding a little butter, ranch dressing, cheese sauce or brown sugar to a vegetable dish can significantly improve its kid appeal. And adding a little fat to vegetables helps unlock their fat-soluble nutrients. The few extra calories you're adding are a worthwhile tradeoff for the nutritional boost and the chance to introduce a child to a vegetable.
Giving up too soon Ms. Worobey said she has often heard parents say, "My kid would never eat that." While it may be true right now, she noted that eating preferences often change. So parents should keep preparing a variety of healthful foods and putting them on the table, even if a child refuses to take a bite. In young children, it may take 10 or more attempts over several months to introduce a food.
Sibling dynamics and friendships can also change a child's eating habits. Dr. Birch of Penn State noted that her first child was always willing to try new foods, but that her second child was not. "Part of it was just him defining his place in the family," she said. By the age of 10 or 11, he didn't want to be outdone by his sister and was far more willing to try new foods.
Susan B. Roberts, a Tufts University nutritionist and co-author of the book "Feeding Your Child for Lifelong Health," suggested a "rule of 15" — putting a food on the table at least 15 times to see if a child will accept it. Once a food is accepted, parents should use "food bridges," finding similarly colored or flavored foods to expand the variety of foods a child will eat. If a child likes pumpkin pie, for instance, try mashed sweet potatoes and then mashed carrots. If a child loves corn, try mixing in a few peas or carrots. Even if a child picks them out, the exposure to the new food is what counts.
"As parents, you're going to make decisions as to what you want to serve," Ms. Worobey said. "But then you just have to relax and realize children are different from day to day."
A version of this article appears in print on , on Page H2 of the National edition with the headline: 6 Food Mistakes Parents Make. Order Reprints| Today's Paper|Subscribe
RECIPES FOR HEALTH
A Dozen Ways for Kids to Eat Better SEPT. 14, 2008


Climate change and the greenhouse effect - How are they related?
The greenhouse effect has existed as a natural process for millions of years, and plays a critical role in regulating the overall temperature of the Earth. Without the greenhouse effect, the planet would not be warm enough for humanity, or indeed many forms of life, to survive.5 But over the last 100 years, the Earth's average temperature has risen by about 0.75° C.6 7 This is because the enhanced greenhouse effect has created a net increase in the amount of heat trapped in the planet's atmosphere.
1. "What Does 400 ppm Look Like?" Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego. https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/2013/12/03/what-does-400-ppm-look-like (accessed August 5, 2014).
2. R. S. W. Van De Wal, B. De Boer, L. J. Lourens, P. Köhler, and R. Bintanja. "Reconstruction of a continuous high-resolution CO2 record over the past 20 million years." Climate of the Past 7, no. 4 (2011): 1459-1469.
3. a. b. c. d. Bernstein, Lenny, R. K. Pachauri, and Andy Reisinger. Climate change 2007: synthesis report. Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC, 2008.
4. The Royal Society. Climate change: A Summary of the Science. London: The Royal Society Science Policy Centre, 2010.
5. U.K. Met Office. Warming: A guide to climate change. Exeter, U.K.: Met Office Hadley Centre, 2011.
6. "Global temperatures." U.K. Met Office. http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/guide/science/monitoring/global (accessed August 13, 2014).
7. Hansen, J., R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K. Lo. "Global Surface Temperature Change." Reviews of Geophysics 48, no. 4 (2010): RG4004.
8. Coumou, Dim, and Stefan Rahmstorf. "A decade of weather extremes." Nature Climate Change 2, no. 7 (2012): 491–496.
9. Emanuel, Kerry. "Environmental Factors Affecting Tropical Cyclone Power Dissipation." Journal of Climate 20, no. 22 (2007): 5497.
10. Yu, Jia-Yuh, and Ping-Gin Chiu. "Contrasting Various Metrics for Measuring Tropical Cyclone Activity." Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 23, no. 3 (2011): 303.
11. Elsner, James B., James P. Kossin, and Thomas H. Jagger. "The increasing intensity of the strongest tropical cyclones." Nature 455, no. 7209 (2008): 92-95.
12. Flannigan, Mike D., Meg A. Krawchuk, William J. De Groot, B. Mike Wotton, and Lynn M. Gowman. "Implications of changing climate for global wildland fire." International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, no. 5 (2009): 483.
13. Pechony, O., and D. T. Shindell. "Driving Forces Of Global Wildfires Over The Past Millennium And The Forthcoming Century." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 45 (2010): 19167-19170.
14. Church, John A., and Neil J. White. "Sea-Level Rise from the Late 19th to the Early 21st Century." Surveys in Geophysics 32, no. 4-5 (2011): 585-602.
15. Comiso, J.C., and D.K. Hall. "Climate trends in the Arctic as observed from space." WIREs Climate Change (2014): 5:389–409.
16. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology. "Key Indicators." Global Climate Change. http://climate.nasa.gov/key_indicators/#landIce (accessed August 16, 2014).
17. McMillan, M., A. Shepherd, A. Sundal, K. Briggs, A. Muir, A. Ridout, A. Hogg, and D. Wingham. "Increased ice losses from Antarctica detected by CryoSat-2." Geophys. Res. Lett. (2014): 41, 3899–3905.
18. Hoegh-Guldberg, O., A. Dubi, C. D. Harvell, E. Gomez, P. Greenfield, R. S. Steneck, A. J. Hooten, P. J. Mumby, M. E. Hatziolos, R. H. Bradbury, N. Muthiga, R. Iglesias-Prieto, C. M. Eakin, N. Knowlton, K. Caldeira, A. J. Edwards, and P. F. Sale. "Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change And Ocean Acidification." Science 318, no. 5857 (2007): 1737-1742.
19. Anthony, K. R. N., D. I. Kline, G. Diaz-Pulido, S. Dove, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. "Ocean Acidification Causes Bleaching And Productivity Loss In Coral Reef Builders." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 45 (2008): 17442-17446.
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The #2 global sugar producer is suffering a surplus of raw sugar in its domestic market, while a worldwide glut has depressed export prices. As such, Indian sugar mills have found it increasingly difficult to pay farmers what the farmers are owed for this year's cane crop.
Munankar, a research analyst at Geojit Comtrade Ltd., notes that the government has taken steps "to put an end to this crisis," including "incentives" to encourage raw sugar exports.
In April-May, the subsidy was reduced, but was raised again in June-July.
It is not clear if the government's export subsidies will continue for October-November, as domestic stockpiles "are keeping prices under check in the domestic market" and export prices remain flat even with the government subsidies.
So the preferred solution to the failure of government intervention and interference in the sugar market in India is even more government subsidies of this already heavily subsidized industry.
And some in the U.S. believe this is the "free market" American farmers should compete in without protection?
Congress should give serious consideration to Rep. Ted Yoho's "zero for zero" proposal to end the U.S. sugar program, but only if/when foreign governments, such as India, end theirs.


Warwickshire County Council has announced that it will use Alcatel-Lucent Enterprise solutions to roll out Wi-Fi in a number of its public sector buildings. The deployment will give users a personalised connected experience by granting staff secure access to the council's corporate or staff networks using personal mobile devices. It will also provide staff and members of the public with free internet access at public libraries, schools, fire stations and many more locations.
In addition to the corporate locations, over 150 schools have signed up to use the wireless network solution. Many of the smaller schools have deployed Alcatel-Lucent Enterprise 'Instant' Access Point technology to deliver Wi-Fi, eliminating the need for them to pay additional controller charges, reducing Total Cost of Ownership. To allow schools to make best use of new technology, the council has developed a new, separate and secure internet-only wireless service called BYOND (Bring Your Own Network Device), enabling staff and pupils to download learning-based applications for their tablets and smartphones.
The service installed by Khipu Networks, a key business partner and winner of the Alcatel-Lucent Enterprise Global Partner of the Year Award, is currently available across 150 schools, 27 public libraries, 15 fire stations and 28 other sites including social services, corporate buildings and training centres. The free public Wi-Fi service has also been rolled out to a number of independent community libraries across the county, enabling them to offer internet access as a local community service.
"The new solution allows us to provide powerful Wi-Fi access for staff to the corporate network as well as providing free public internet facilities for staff and for the general public. The freedom and scalability of the wireless networks - in particular the ability for our smaller schools to avoid costly controller charges by using Instant Access Points, and for our independent community libraries to be able to offer free Wi-Fi to the general public - makes the Alcatel-Lucent Enterprise technology ideal for the council."
"The work we have done for Warwickshire County Council is just one small part of our desire to provide powerful communication services to public sector operations in order to meet a high degree of connectivity while maintaining low operating costs.
The implementations by Warwickshire County Council will dramatically improve public services through better communication and connectivity, allowing anyone, anywhere and at anytime to gain access to the network for their specific needs."


To help, I can open my shop. However, I'll need 12 coins per Ray_Gun to restock.
I don't take orders from you. Tell Paper Luigi to start a war or something, and I'll help.
If you're subscribed to H.E.R.O. and E.V.I.L., then unsubscribe to the group you like less. I'm unsubscribing to E.V.I.L.!


Tonight marks the first night in my life where I've gone to a movie theater to see a movie I've already seen in a movie theater. Pilgrim managed to maintain (and in a couple instances provide a fresh dose of) humour and interest in a second viewing on a level rivaling the first.
Birth By Sleep is officially out now, yet I don't feel that tingly sensation that I've felt in the past with new Kingdom Hearts games, though 358/2 Days should have been my first clue. I was both excited and delighted when I had it in my hands, but the effect seems to dim with each post-KH2 release. I was so unbelievably jazzed when I got my copy of KH2, in part because of the immense anticipation, and in part because I actually got my copy early by a couple days. At any rate, I think I'll be spending my evenings getting comfy with my hammock for the next week or two. I was impressed to see that Squenix are attempting to subvert the UMD's design flaws by having a "Download Data" feature included in the game which, as the name suggests, allows the game to download its data onto the memory stick so disc reads can be kept to a minimum in favour of faster memory card reading. Sounds like the game pushes the PSP beyond its limits though; I also hear tell of the game lagging/getting poor frame rates at intense moments. Well, I'll see for myself.