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10 December 2021 Breeding biology of Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata in Brazil
Anita Studer, Yara Ballarini, Miguel Ângelo Marini
Author Affiliations +
Anita Studer,1 Yara Ballarini,2 Miguel Ângelo Marini2
1Anita Studer, Nordesta Reforestation and Education, 19 rue de Chantepoulet 1201, Geneva, Switzerland, e-mail: .
2Yara Ballarini & Miguel Ângelo Marini, Depto. de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil, e-mail:
Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 141(4):412-417 (2021). https://doi.org/10.25226/bboc.v141i4.2021.a4
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The Neotropical genus Nemosia comprises just two species, Hooded N. pileata and Cherry-throated Tanagers N. rourei, and their breeding biology is poorly known. Here we provide new information based on five nests of N. pileata and review existing data in the literature. When an active nest was found, it was visited every 3–4 days, or every second day near hatching or fledging. Monitoring was conducted by direct observation from hides sited 4–8 m from the nest. We estimated nest height above ground by eye to the nearest 0.5 m. Nestling period was estimated from hatching of the last chick to fledging of the first chick. Three nests had two eggs each, one nest had two nestlings, and one nest had one egg and two nestlings when found. Eggs were pointed, ovoid, and greenish with purplish-black spots all over. Eggs from four nests measured 20.5 ± 0.6 × 15.4 ± 0.3 mm and had mass 2.17 ± 0.22 g (n = 7). Five nestling from two nests were monitored. They hatched with a little white down covering the brown-orangey skin, a salmoncoloured bill, a red mouth, and orangey-brown legs and feet. A pair brought six food items (three each) in 100 minutes (to a nest with two nestlings). Of three of the five nests monitored, one fledged two young and the other two were predated. The nesting period (October–April) overlaps the dates of other published records, but differs between regions and shows a complex relation to rainfall. Our data on nests, eggs and nestlings of N. pileata improves our understanding of its reproductive biology and could assist in conservation measures for the Critically Endangered N. rourei.
The Neotropical genus Nemosia (Thraupidae) comprises only two species, Hooded Tanager N. pileata and Cherry-throated Tanager N. rourei. N. pileata is not threatened and is widely distributed across South America (Lindenblatt & Burns 2020), whereas N. rourei is Critically Endangered, has a tiny distribution in south-east Brazil and is poorly known (IUCN 2018). N. pileata is small (body mass 12.0–20.7 g), mostly insectivorous but also takes fruit and nectar (Penard & Penard 1910, Isler & Isler 1999), occurs in small groups of 2–6 birds (Isler & Isler 1999, Hilty 2003, Ridgely & Tudor 2009) and joins mixed-species flocks (Maldonado-Coelho & Marini 2003, Di Giacomo 2005, Vasconcelos et al. 2006). It occurs mainly in the upper strata of forest borders, caatinga, cerrado and clearings (Sick 1985, Hilty & Brown 1986, Di Giacomo 2005).
The breeding biology of both species is poorly known (Lindenblatt & Burns 2020). For N. pileata, there is scattered information describing the open-cup nest, nestbuilding by the pair (Haverschmidt & Mees 1994, Isler & Isler 1999) and incubation behaviour by the female (Renaudier et al. 2008). The species lays two bluish eggs with dark spots, mean size 19 × 14 mm (Penard & Penard 1910), but apparently no eggs are deposited in museums (Kiff & Hough 1985; MÂM, pers. obs.). Its breeding period covers nestbuilding in July in Colombia (Hilty & Brown 1986) and August in Suriname (Haverschmidt & Mees 1994), to nestlings in February in Suriname (Haverschmidt & Mees 1994). It has been parasitised by Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis in Minas Gerais, Brazil (Lopes et al. 2013), despite not being listed in Lowther's (2018) review of the latter's hosts.
Despite a growing body of information on several aspects of the natural history of both Nemosia species, many aspects remain poorly documented (Lindenblatt & Burns 2020). Whilst N. pileata is not threatened, some aspects of its natural history may inform the conservation and management of the Critically Endangered N. rourei. Here we provide new information based on five nests of N. pileata and review existing data in the literature.
The Arcos site (20°18′S, 45°30′W), in the state of Minas Gerais, in south-east Brazil, is in the Cerrado biome and is characterised by secondary forest, as well as a few small patches of Atlantic Forest. Alto Parnaíba (0915′S, 45°59′W), in Maranhão, is in the northern part of the Cerrado biome; and Quebrangulo (09°16′S, 36°25′W), Alagoas, lies in the Atlantic Forest biome (Studer et al. 2017).
When an active nest was found, it was visited every 3–4 days, or every second day near hatching or fledging. When the exact date of hatching or fledging could not be determined, we recorded it as the median date between the two most recent visits. Eggs were weighed prior to the third day after laying using a spring scale (to 0.5 g) since they dehydrate during incubation, and measured (width and length) using a ruler (to 0.5 cm). Nest dimensions were measured with callipers (to 1 mm) and mass with a spring scale (to 0.1 g). Nest description was based on Simon & Pacheco (2005). Monitoring was conducted by direct observation from hides installed 4–8 m from the nest. Five nestlings at two nests were monitored in detail. We estimated nest height above ground by eye to the nearest 0.5 m. Nestling period was estimated from hatching of the last chick to fledging of the first one.
We used a backdating method to estimate egg laying at four nests where the precise date of the full clutch was unknown (Marini et al. 2012). This method consists of counting backwards from the date the nest was found to estimate when eggs were laid. Although we do not know the incubation period, we assumed it is c.12–14 days as in most Thraupidae (Winkler et al. 2020). Also, we used our estimate of the nestling period (14 days) at one nest.
The five nests were found in Minas Gerais (n = 3), Maranhão (n = 1) and Alagoas (n = 1). They were constructed in forks close to the end of branches, type 'low cup/fork' (Fig. 1A–B), composed of grasses, small roots and fine lianas, and lined with spider webs. Nestbuilding occupied nine days at a nest started by a female on 24 December and finished 2 January. The male remained nearby but did not participate in construction. Although well attached to branches, the structure is partially transparent from below. Nests were built 4 (n = 1), 5 (n = 2) and 6 m (n = 2) above ground, on Bowdichia virgiloides (Fabaceae) (n = 2), Bauhinia cheilantha (Fabaceae) (n = 1), Tibouchina glanulosa (Melastomataceae) (n = 1) and an unidentified tree (n = 1). Two nests had an external height of 5.0 and 6.0 cm, internal height 3.5 and 4.5 cm, external diameter 7.0 and 8.0 cm, internal diameter 4.5 cm, and nest mass was 3.0 g in both cases.
Three nests had two eggs each; one nest held two nestlings, and another three nestlings (initially two, plus one egg). Eggs were pointed, ovoid, and greenish with purplish-black spots scattered across the entire surface. Eggs at four nests measured 20.5 ± 0.6 × 15.4 ± 0.3 mm and weighed 2.17 ± 0.22 g (n = 7).
Nestlings hatched with sparse white down covering the brown-orangey skin, a salmon bill, red mouth, and orangey-brown legs and feet (Fig. 1B). One pair delivered six food items (three each) in 100 minutes (mean 3.6 items/hour) to a nest with two nestlings, which were fed green caterpillars, unidentified insects, and fruits of Selenicereus setaceus (Cactaceae) and Rapanea sp. (Myrsinaceae) (Fig. 1B).
Nests of Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata: (A) constructed in a fork at the end of a branch; (B) nestling being fed with an insect by the male, watched by the female (Anita Studer)
The period of nesting activity at the five nests in this study was estimated at October–April. However, nesting activity was observed October–February in Minas Gerais, October and November in Maranhão, and March and April in Alagoas (Table 1). Egg laying dates in Minas Gerais were estimated as being in the first half of October (n = 2) and first week of January (n = 1), in Maranhão during the last week of October, and in Alagoas during the middle of March.
At three of the five nests monitored, one fledged two nestlings and the other two were predated. At one the two eggs were predated by a Curl-crested Jay Cyanocorax cristatellus (Corvidae), and at the other the two nine-day-old nestlings were filmed being predated by an unidentified hawk (Accipitridae).
The nesting trees we report are pioneer species, like those reported by Renaudier et al. (2008) in French Guiana (Cecropia sp.), and by Marini et al. (2012) in south-east Brazil (Persea americana). These indicate that N. pileata nests in disturbed areas with regenerating forest or edges. Heights above ground were similar to those reported by Di Giacomo (2005) and Marini et al. (2012) (6 m in both cases), but lower than that in French Guiana (8.5 m) (Renaudier et al. 2008). Materials are similar to those previously reported (Renaudier et al. 2008). Once, a N. pileata reused material from a Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus nest (Oniki & Willis 2003). Our data contradict the observation that nests are constructed by the pair (Hilty & Brown 1986, Haverschmidt & Mees 1994), as at our nest the male remained close to the female but never brought material.
Review of breeding records of Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata by locality* and type (BC = breeding-condition birds; BP = brood patch; BR = unspecified evidence of breeding; EG = eggs; FL = fledglings; IN = incubating; JU = juvenile; NB = nestbuilding; NE = nestlings; ON = occupied nest). The local wet season months are shaded grey ( https://en.climate-data.org/).
The eggs we observed resembled the two-egg clutches reported by Penard & Penard (1910), which were bluish, spotted with brown or lilac gray. Egg size was also similar to the 19 × 14 mm reported by Penard & Penard (1910). Clutch size is typically two, occasionally three, with incubation by the female alone. A pair was mist-netted on 2 November 2001 at Salto da Divisa, Minas Gerais, but only the female had a brood patch (MÂM pers. obs.). The mixed fruit and insect diet of nestlings resembles the arthropod / fruit diet of adults (Isler & Isler 1999, Lopes et al. 2005).
The nesting period during our study (October–April) overlaps the dates of other published records, but breeding activity differs between regions and exhibits a complex relation to rainfall (Table 1). It is clear that nesting activity in central Brazil (southern Maranhão, Tocantins, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais) to south-east Brazil (São Paulo) and Argentina occurs from October to February and coincides with the wet season. Nesting records from the north of the range are available almost year-round, also coincident with the wet season in Alagoas, Venezuela, and at Leticia (southernmost Colombia), but during both the rainy and dry seasons in César (northern Colombia), Suriname and French Guiana. Penard & Penard (1910) stated that N. pileata breeds especially during the short dry season or long rainy season in Suriname. Overall, quite different climatic regimes occur at the 13 sites with records of breeding activity, which makes preliminary any interpretation of climate / breeding association, especially considering the still-small sample sizes.
The nesting periods of N. pileata and N. rourei partially overlap given that the two breeding records of N. rourei (nestbuilding in November; Venturini et al. 2002, and young being fed in October; Venturini & Paz 2007) suggest it may start nestbuilding in August and still be feeding nestlings in December. Predation of nests by a hawk and a jay were expected as these are common nest predators in the Neotropics (see Menezes & Marini 2017).
The data on nests, eggs and nestlings reported here contribute to a better understanding of the reproductive biology of N. pileata. They also may prove useful in reaching conservation decisions for the Critically Endangered N. rourei.
We thank the foundation Nordesta Reforestation & Education for supporting our field work. MÂM received a fellowship from the Brazilian research agency, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico (CNPq). We thank Steven L. Hilty and Guy Kirwan for improving the manuscript with their comments.
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Anita Studer, Yara Ballarini, and Miguel Ângelo Marini "Breeding biology of Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata in Brazil," Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 141(4), 412-417, (10 December 2021). https://doi.org/10.25226/bboc.v141i4.2021.a4
Received: 9 April 2021; Published: 10 December 2021
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Anita Studer, Yara Ballarini, Miguel Ângelo Marini "Breeding biology of Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata in Brazil," Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 141(4), 412-417, (10 December 2021)


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Cómbita est une municipalité située dans le département de Boyacá, en Colombie.

Personnalités liées à la municipalité
 Nairo Quintana (1990-) : coureur cycliste né à Cómbita.
 Dayer Quintana (1992-) : coureur cycliste né à Cómbita.

Références

Ville en Colombie
Municipalité dans le département de Boyacá

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We've dressed up a basic backpack with cute pink Kuromi patches ranging from a heart, a letter, and even lipstick! The open zip top makes it easy to grab your jacket or book on the go. The perfect size for a school or as a day trip bag. Top handle is a great alternative to the 2 backpack straps.


NEMRA is pleased to announce its 2017 Executive Development Program will be held at the Kellogg School of Management on the campus of Northwestern University in Evanston, IL. Building on the success of our past two general management programs at the Wharton School, the NEMRA/ Kellogg 2017 program will focus exclusively on the sales and marketing disciplines. Kellogg is consistently rated as the #1 global leader amongst MBA programs for its innovative and practical approach to the Marketing and Sales functions.
In order to facilitate application of the concepts to be taught, each participant will be asked to bring with them a specific problem or challenge (template structure to be provided in advance) that they are facing in their business. During the program, you will be given opportunities to apply what you have learned to develop a specific game plan to approach your challenge.
This program has been designed exclusively for members of NEMRA who are looking to refresh their knowledge, share experiences and expand their networks. We invite any representative firm owner or future principal who wants to invest in improving their business acumen and sales leadership capabilities as well as any manufacturer in a sales and marketing leadership position who wants to grow in their skills and further develop in their company. Kellogg's faculty and world class learning environment provide a unique opportunity for reps and manufacturers to better understand and learn from each other and ultimately go to market together more effectively.
Participants should plan to arrive on Monday, November 27th as the session begins on Tuesday the 28th at 8:30am. The course ends on Thursday the 30th at 5:00pm. Participants must be in attendance for the entire program in order to receive a Certificate of Completion from Kellogg. Travel plans should be made accordingly. There will be approximately six hours of faculty teaching time each day plus addition small group working sessions. Classrooms, meals and lodging will be provided in the James Allen Center on Northwestern's campus. Participants arriving by air should plan to use O'Hare International (ORD) Airport.
Lodging, Meals and Educational Facilities: private sleeping room for three nights, opening night reception, breakfast, lunch and dinner, break times throughout the schedule. Facilities include classrooms, break-out rooms, IT service support, AV services, housekeeping, use of fitness center, and use of evening lounge spaces.
Registration is now open. Space is limited and participants will be offered a space upon receipt of a deposit. We are seeking, as we had at our Wharton programs, a good balance between rep and manufacturer attendees. To reserve a spot please complete the registration form and return to nemra@nemra.org.
A deposit of $200 is required to hold your reservation. The balance of the tuition ($3,700) will be due by October 1, 2017.
Due to the commitment NEMRA has made to Kellogg, we will be unable to offer refunds for any reason. We will create a wait list and attempt to find a replacement if you cannot attend. If we are unable to secure a replacement, the full tuition will be due.


The practice of watching television is a major part of the American lifestyle. In recent years, the cost for cable television has increased, and Americans will continue to pay for the privilege of watching the programs that they enjoy.
The landscape has grown through the expansion of cable and internet streaming services which provide the viewer with the capability to customize their television viewing habits. The cable television space has a plethora of extra specific content channels for sports, music, lifestyle, home shopping, and reality television programming.
The demographics of the country have a role in defining the largest TV markets in the US, and those markets drive the ratings to determine the programming options for the smaller markets in other regions of the country.
Some other contributing factors in shaping the size of a TV market are climate and local/regional economic issues. In areas of extreme climates either hot or cold, those factors drive residents to be indoors more than in other regions, which tends to have an effect on the consumption of televised content.
The economic factors which contribute to the size of a given television market are: high or low unemployment levels, and the types of industries or business makeup of a given city or region.
These cities and media markets drive the advertising and the programming choices to a large degree for the rest of the United States. It is also interesting to note that while the Houston metropolitan area is the 5th largest in population, it is the 10th largest TV market (www.census.gov).
Now, this ranking for Houston could be determined by many different factors. The weather could lend itself to many outdoor activities especially during the peak TV ratings periods, commonly known as "sweeps" periods in September, February, and May.
The prevalence of outdoor activity either for work or recreation is also evidenced in the differential between Houston's TV ranking (10th) and according to Arbitron, their radio market ranking (6th). Their radio ranking is more in line with their population ranking, and I believe it is a better measurement of the demographic factors involved in that marketplace.
In my background research for this article, I found some news stories centered on Houston remaining in the Top 10 TV markets nationally and how important that is given the reasons I detailed earlier. The city of Detroit is currently ranked 11th, and is on a population decline due to a horribly recessionary economy.
The marketing and advertising industry players located in Houston are concerned about being pushed from the Top 10 TV markets by Phoenix.
Phoenix currently sits at the 12th position in the TV markets rankings, and according to the Office of Management & Budget (O.M.B.) data, that metro area is gaining in population (up 3.26%) from 2010 to 2012, and is on a rapid growth trend.
The current situation in Philadelphia is also interesting because they are currently ranked the 6th largest U.S. metro area according to the O.M.B., yet the city is ranked as the 4th largest TV market.
Furthermore, Philadelphia is the 8th ranked radio market in the U.S. (www.arbitron.com). So, the radio ranking is below their population ranking but their TV ranking is above their population ranking.
Some of this differential can be explained by the demographic areas used by both TV and radio to determine the rankings. The geographic areas are different: the TV market is drawn from a different region of suburbs surrounding the city into southern New Jersey and also includes a large portion of Delaware.
This regional area creates a 20 station TV market for Philadelphia and a large population base (www.stationindex.com). The city is also the headquarters of the cable giant, Comcast, which has recently touted the 2.1 million cable subscribers in the Philadelphia TV market (www.comcast.com).
Comcast has made it no secret that they want to be the number one cable TV provider in their own home market, so they promote their services very heavily there, and are very active in the community sponsoring a variety of charitable activities. This is a contributing factor to the size of the marketplace as well.
Conversely, the radio demographic region is drawn up differently and does not reach the same areas. It has only one station included in the radio market in Delaware, and that is in Dover (www.arbitron.com). So that explains some of the difference in those rankings.
I believe that the draw of TV in the Philadelphia market has more to do with the types of industry and commerce located there and the service industries needed to support that commerce. These jobs are around the clock, so when people get home from a long shift of difficult work, they watch TV.
The final factor in the scale of the TV market in Philadelphia is the huge viewership numbers that marketplace gets from live sports related programming.
The marketplace in San Francisco is also an interesting case study in that their metro area (which includes Oakland and San Jose) is ranked 11th in population, but they are ranked as the 6th largest TV market.
Now, the factors surrounding the San Francisco market are driven by a huge number of TV station outlets (22 stations) for their population level (4.45 million as of 2012 according to the O.M.B.) and the weather is also a contributing factor to ratings there as well.
Besides the weather, the number of stations in San Francisco is based on the diverse multicultural population of that market. The high number of Hispanic and Asian residents facilitated the creation of several TV stations which have programming specifically for those audiences.
Due to the large sizes of these respective audiences, that programming also draws a very high viewership rating, and provides international companies with direct marketing opportunities via TV advertising.
The weather in San Francisco is also a contributing factor to the TV ratings there, it is famous for cool, foggy weather. It is the coolest of all major U.S. cities during the summer months of June (average temp: 68), July (average temp: 69) and August (average temp: 70).
In January, February, and March the average temperature ranges from 57 to 63. Then, the period from November to April is known as "the rainy period", this information was all gathered courtesy of The National Weather Service and The Weather Channel (www.weather.com).
It is pretty clear, that with temperatures and conditions like that, you have many nights in that market that lend themselves to staying indoors and watching television.
Boston is similar to San Francisco in that it is the 10th largest metro area by population in the U.S. according to the O.M.B., but it has the 7th largest TV market. Boston is also very similar to San Francisco in total metro area population with 4.64 million based on 2012 statistics given to the O.M.B., and it also has very similar contributing factors for the size of its TV market.
Boston has 17 TV outlet stations in their respective marketplace territory, which stretches into Western Massachusetts and parts of New Hampshire. The highly diverse population also contributes to specific TV stations with multicultural programming.
The weather in Boston is also a factor in the TV viewership levels overachieving the metro areas' respective population level. The temperatures in January (average: 35 degrees), February (38 degrees), and March (45 degrees) according to the National Weather Service, coupled with the precipitation provide ideal conditions for a market to consume broadcast television programming.
In Boston, July is the hottest month with an average temperature of 73 degrees (www.weather.com). The months of October (average temperature: 61), November (average temp: 51) and December (average temp: 41) are prime TV viewing months from the late fall until the end of the year. Now, couple that with an average of 10 days of precipitation per month in each of those 3 months and that provides an explanation for Boston having such large TV viewership numbers.
In a similar way to Philadelphia, Boston also has all of the major professional sports represented in their city, plus a vibrant college sports scene; the fans in Boston are particularly loyal, consequently driving huge ratings for live sports related televised programming.
The Dallas – Fort Worth TV market is shaped by many factors dealing with demographics, weather, and a strong economy. All of these factors combined with the appeal from a marketing and advertising perspective of having a huge cross section of people to expose to your product or service, have made this market the 5th largest TV marketplace in the country.
The ranking is in line with the population because the Dallas- Fort Worth "Metroplex" area is the 4th largest metro area in the U.S. according to the O.M.B., with a population of 6.645 million, and it also has the 6th largest economy in the U.S. as well.
Dallas has common factors to the other markets in this article which contribute to the growth of their TV marketplace. The city and metro area surrounding Dallas is very diverse, including a huge Hispanic population. The market has 18 television outlet stations with some outlets dedicated to multicultural and Hispanic programming.
Dallas also has the contributing factor of weather, except unlike the other markets focused upon in this article previously, it is weather which is too hot. Dallas has some of the hottest summer temperatures in the continental U.S. and according to the National Weather Service, it is quiet common for 70 degree days to occur throughout the winter months there as well.
The heat and humidity of those summer days' forces people to have to remain indoors in air conditioning which strongly impacts the prevalence of consuming televised programming. This is particularly evident if you look at the May "sweeps" period, which is critically important in the television industry, and where weather can play a huge role in the viewership levels for Dallas. Those factors combine to make this market very important to advertising companies and large manufacturing companies to market products.
The final component to the growth of the Dallas- Fort Worth metro area was an unfortunate one: Hurricane Katrina. When that terrible tragedy struck New Orleans in 2005, many victims were displaced and put on buses to Dallas.
In the aftermath of the storm, those former residents of New Orleans found their homes either destroyed or their neighborhoods too drastically changed for them to return there, so aided by the strong economy in Dallas, they were able to get jobs and settle there. This migration of people caused a population surge coupled with population growth in later years due to the recessionary economy in other parts of the country.
The recession did not affect Dallas in the same way as many other regions of the country, so the city saw another influx of people from other parts of the country coming to find jobs.
They were successful in a short period of time in finding work, so those "transplants" remained in Dallas. One survey I read attributes 50% of the Dallas metro area population to being from outside of Texas. This statistical demographic measurement makes Dallas very attractive from a marketing and advertising perspective.
Any analysis of the television industry would be remiss if it did not include the current trend of new media technologies and their respective subsequent effect on the television landscape.
New media is any service which facilitates the delivery of content, in this case television programming, in an immediate "on demand" fashion directly to the consumer. That is how I would define some of these new services and products which have flooded the marketplace in recent months.
The rise of "video on demand" services through major cable television and telecom providers as well as other internet providers has created a whole new subsector of the television industry.
Some of these services are: Apple TV, Google Play, Amazon streaming video, iTunes, Netflix, Hulu, Ustream, Roku, and Aereo.
The obvious reaction to some of the before mentioned services from the major television broadcast companies has been one of resistance. The most recent was a high profile lawsuit, widely reported in the media, regarding the Aereo service by the major American broadcasting companies.
A federal court, according to reports, ruled in favor of Aereo stating that the content did not violate copyright infringement laws because they were not "public performances"; the content was being provided to paying subscribers.
The decision just solidified that the television and media industry has changed dramatically and will continue to adapt in the months and years ahead. The demand for content will only continue to grow as the number of specialized outlets for that content will expand.
The growing prevalence for the ready accessibility of DVR technology forced the first changes to the Nielsen ratings system in many years (www.nielsen.com). The ratings service now uses data to incorporate the replay of a program via DVR on the same day.
The gold standard for television programming at this point is live sporting events because people can so easily access scores on their smart phones, tablets, or other devices. The need to see that sporting event live while it happens is still a huge draw, which correlates to the massive sums of money the broadcast companies are paying to the major sports leagues for the rights to that precious content.
The strongest case for the importance and relevance of sports is the huge ratings numbers that the Super Bowl has garnered in the past few years, setting ratings records for television (www.nielsen.com).
In the end, the demand will still remain for the traditional television viewing of certain programs and events. The challenge for the TV broadcasting industry will be to continue to provide content which is highly relevant in an increasingly complex world.
That will prove difficult, but not impossible, it remains to be seen how it will be implemented. However, it is clear from this analysis that Americans love watching television, and that trend will not change any time soon.


Treat your hands with the pleasure of finishing your perfect manicure - the aromatic finish of the effect.
Relaxing aromas will pamper your senses in 10 fragrance compositions to choose from.
Brush on your cuticle lightly and massage gently, 3-4 times a week.


Welcome to Holy Family School! Thank you for your interest in our school and desire to enroll your son or daughter in our classes. Please complete our Online Application to begin your child's educational journey at Holy Family School.
Submission of an online application does not mean that your child is enrolled at the school. It is the first step in bringing your child into our school family.
After the principal has had an opportunity to review your child's school records, then we will let you know if he or she has been accepted into the school. Once accepted, you will be instructed on how to complete the enrollment process.


This guide reflects the tax considerations and developments that we believe may create risk or opportunity for businesses in 2017 and beyond. It is not a holistic list of all tax issues that may affect your business, but is designed to help you make informed decisions related to year-end tax planning.
As 2017 comes to a close, some observers may feel that tax uncertainty is at an all-time high. Although there is no fiscal cliff of expiring provisions, there are substantial political pressures for Congress and the Trump administration to fulfill longstanding commitments to reform tax laws and to alter some of the tax provisions contained in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). However, there is little clarity on what would constitute tax reform even if reform could be enacted in the few months remaining in 2017. Also unclear are the possible effective dates of potential reductions to the corporate, individual and pass-through tax rates and possible limitations on individual or business deductions that might help to pay for the revenue costs associated with tax rate reduction.
If rate reductions occur in 2018 rather than 2017, there may be considerable symmetry between good planning for tax reform and good tax planning generally. For example, deferring income and accelerating deductions may be good strategies for taxpayers whose rates are headed downward, just as it is often helpful from a timing perspective, even if rates do not change. On the other hand, if a transaction makes sense from a nontax perspective—and there are economic costs and risks associated with deferring a transaction—one should be careful not to let the tail wag the dog.
Changes favorable to capital cost recovery, but not as generous as full expensing for all depreciable assets In addition, the scramble for revenues at the state and local level should not be forgotten.
Given the uncertainty of the future, we've compiled these tax considerations designed to help companies make informed decisions related to year-end tax planning. In an increasingly complex and uncertain world, planning becomes all the more important.


Today, I busted out my leaf blower, which means it's officially Fall, my favorite time of the year. It also means that Fall Portrait Events are upon us, and I'm happy to announce the first date — Sunday, Sept. 25 in Downtown Fresno. Sign up today, spots are limited!


The evolution of competitiveness Competitiveness is a measure of a country's advantage or disadvantage in selling its products in international markets.
moreat the national level is mainly shaped by two factors: first, the rate of increase in wages (and other costs) relative to the rate of productivity growth and, second, the nominal exchange rateNominal exchanges rate is the price of one currency in terms of another.
. While wage increases per se raise production costs and reduce competitiveness, productivity growth has the opposite effect. If both wages and productivity grow at the same rate, unit-labour costs stay steady; and so would external competitiveness assuming that profit margins, indirect taxes and other related factors remain unchanged too. Exchange rate changes broadly affect the competitiveness of all producers of tradable goods and services in a country relative to producers in trading partners by changing the foreign currency price of home exports and domestic currency price of foreign imports.
Since the breakdown of the multilateral Bretton Woods system of pegged but adjustable exchange rates in the early 1970s, currencies have entered a new era of non-orderly floating exchange rates, leaving it at countries' discretion to choose their particular exchange rate regime. Members of today's European Union established a new regional system of pegged but adjustable exchange rates, and at the end of the 1990s, some of them permanently fixed their exchange rates and adopted the euro as their common currency. Among developing countries, too, many have chosen to peg their currencies to or stabilize them against some anchor currencies, most prominently the United States dollar, at least during some of the time (Table) .
(Index numbers, 2000=100) Source: UNCTAD secretariat calculations, based on OECD, OECD.Stat Extracts and Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) online database .
Correcting movements in nominal exchange rates for inflation differentials yields real exchange rates, which are more accurate indicators of changes in competitiveness. A still superior indicator of the overall competitiveness of a country relies on measures of real effective exchange rates Real effective exchange rates (REERs) take account of price level differences between trading partners.
more(REER). The term "effective" means that exchange rate changes are not measured against one particular currency, but instead use an average index of a whole basket of currencies, each weighted according to the issuing countries' respective importance as a trade partner.
(Index numbers, 2005=100, CPI based) Source: UNCTAD secretariat calculations, based on BIS, Effective Exchange Rate Indices database .
(Index numbers, 2005=100, CPI based) Source: UNCTAD secretariat calculations, based on BIS, Effective Exchange Rate Indices database , for example, underwent a significant appreciation in their REER following the recovery from the crisis; until renewed stresses arose in mid 2011.
Renewed instabilities are mainly related to the European crisis. The euro area provides a special case in which competitiveness positions among members can no longer change owing to exchange rate changes; trends in relative unit-labour costs determine competitiveness positions inside a currency union. To avoid dislocations in intraregional competitiveness positions, national wage trends need to follow an implicit norm that is the sum of national productivity growth and the agreed union-wide inflation rate (defined by the European Central Bank as "below but close to 2 per cent").
Countries in the periphery that are experiencing severe public-debt crises today departed from this norm somewhat in the upward direction, whereas Germany, the economy with the largest trade surplus within the euro area, missed the implicit norm most widely, but in a downward direction. As a result, over time Germany experienced cumulative competitiveness gains over its European partners. Widening current account imbalances inside the euro area by necessity also had their financial counterparts. In some cases, lending flows towards current account deficit countries caused property bubbles. The bursting of those bubbles in the context of the global crisis resulted in private debt overhands that first triggered banking crises and eventually turned into sovereign debt crises. The build-up of unsustainable current account positions fosters financial fragilities that tend to end in tears, whether at the global or regional level, whether in the developing or developed world.
In conclusion, misaligned exchange rates affect competitiveness positions and cause current account imbalances, which matter both at the regional and global levels. Inside currency unions, relative trends in unit-labour costs are the key. In general, exchange rate movements that are persistently inconsistent with achieving balanced global competitiveness positions provide strong evidence for the need to coordinate global currency markets.
Exchange rate movements that are persistently inconsistent with achieving balanced global competitiveness positions provide strong evidence for the need to coordinate global currency markets.


text:
package ca.corefacility.bioinformatics.irida.ria.integration.pages;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

/**
 * <p>
 * Page Object to represent the projects page.
 * </p>
 */
public class ProjectsPage extends AbstractPage {
	@FindBy(css = ".ant-table-content table")
	WebElement projectsTable;

	@FindBy(className = "ant-table-column-title")
	List<WebElement> headers;

	@FindBy(css = ".ant-input-search .ant-input")
	WebElement searchInput;

	@FindBy(className="t-create-new-project-btn")
	List<WebElement> createNewButton;

	public ProjectsPage(WebDriver driver) {
		super(driver);
	}

	public static ProjectsPage goToProjectsPage(WebDriver driver, boolean isAdmin) {
		get(driver, "projects" + (isAdmin ? "/all" : ""));
		return PageFactory.initElements(driver, ProjectsPage.class);
	}

	public int getNumberOfProjects() {
		return projectsTable.findElements(By.className("ant-table-row"))
				.size();
	}

	public void sortProjectTableBy() {
		projectsTable.findElement(By.className("t-name-col")).click();
		waitForTime(200);
	}

	public List<String> getProjectsSortListByColumnName() {
		return projectsTable.findElements(By.className("t-name"))
				.stream()
				.map(WebElement::getText)
				.collect(Collectors.toList());
	}

	public void searchTableForProjectName(String projectName) {
		searchInput.sendKeys(projectName);
		searchInput.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);
		waitForTime(300);
	}

	public boolean createNewButtonVisible() {
		return createNewButton.size() == 1;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


So I have a TI-84+SE and on the bottom of my slide case, there are four small elliptical rubber feet for the calculator to rest on. Well over time, I have noticed that there is the gunk the builds up around the feet, and I have to get a toothpick to get it out. Does anyone else have this problem? Any ideas on how it gets there or how to prevent it?
To my knowledge, that is just the glue that is holding them in, seeping out. Do you keep it in your pocket or in warm places?
It is almost always in my backpack pocket. Should I be worried about the glue running out?
I wouldn't worry, but one of the rubber feat things might come off. It won't damage the hardware or anything, though.


text:
Sangay Spa Hotel
Travel Guide >>
Sangay National Park
Volcanoes of Ecuador
Book Now (Special Offers)
How to Maximize Your Visit to Cotopaxi — Ecuador's Epic Volcano
Paolo Fonte
Paolo is a native of Baños de Agua Santa, a city in Ecuador's incredible interior. Although to many this city represents the heart of a hidden gem, to Paolo it is a lifelong home and labor of love. He shares his insight as a travel guide with a particular emphasis on the extraordinary nature and outdoor activities that attract visitors to the region.
Gazing upon this extraordinary volcano, it's difficult not to be in awe of the stunning reddish-brown coloration and snow-white summit. Whether you're brave enough to climb it or watching on from a distance, it cuts a stunning figure when contrasted with a perfect blue sky.
Booking.com is the only official place to find special, limited-time offers. Rooms bookout fast so don't hang around! Although this link guarantees the best rate on your room, we highly recommend early booking to avoid disappointment later.
Numerous tour companies in the area of high quality, bilingual guided tours. Among the most popular hikes is the ascent to Cotopaxi Glacier. Prices range from $40 to $100 per person for a day trip to this picturesque and iconic feature of Ecuador's wilderness. Some tours even include an adventurous descent by mountain bike.
Day tours are typically an excellent option for time-pressed travelers or those with a packed itinerary. Although tours can be booked relatively easily at hostels and hotels in major cities, it's usually preferable to book in advance (online) to ensure you'll be guided by an experienced and highly rated team.
We are proud to endorse the Cotopaxi Small Group Tour from Quito by Quito Tour Bus. We have had the pleasure to work with the experienced guides behind this company and can safely say that they are among the very best in the area (and affordably priced to boot).
Hike on the Cotopaxi
Cotopaxi National Park
Hiking Itinerary
Quito – Cotopaxi National Park (One Day)
Limpiopungo Lagoon Hike
Walk to the Refuge
Many visitors to Ecuador tell me that their hiking experience on Cotopaxi is among the highlights of their trip. The volcano's stunning beauty is often compared to that of the Fuji Mountains in Japan. It offers incredible views and is part of a wider awe-inspiring landscape.
At over 6000m high, typically only experienced mountaineers set out to reach the crater itself. This is a taxing, multi-day challenge and doesn't come without danger. More casual hikers will find a single day guided tour more than satisfactory. Fortunately, with the right acclimatization and one small step at a time, even non-hikers are typically able to reach the glacier at just over 5000m. Not only do local guides bring a unique brand of expertise and insight to the trip, they also prevent any unnecessary headaches regarding transport to and from the area.
Many tours also include essentials that perhaps were too bulky to fit in your suitcase (think, e.g. hiking boots). The best time to start is bright and early — most guides like to set off from Quito no later than 9am. The drive takes approximately one hour.
It perhaps goes without saying that the hike is best enjoyed on a day of clear, azure skies. However, alas, we mere mortals have little sway over the weather. High visibility makes for better views and photographs, but the hike is still thoroughly enjoyable on overcast days.
High winds are not uncommon at this altitude (bring a windbreaker jacket!). Sunscreen is a worthwhile investment too.
The brilliant video below shot by the team at Zero Boundaries offers great insight into the hike itself and the views you can expect to enjoy en route.
Adventure hiking in Ecuador begins and ends with the Cotopaxi National Park. I don't say this lightly — Ecuador is home to stunning landscapes in all corners. However, walking in Cotopaxi National Park is an especially beautiful and pulsating experience thanks to remarkable scenery and stunning panoramas at all sides. Ecologically, Cotopaxi is rich and diverse and boasts an interesting combination of vegetation as well as bears, cougars, small rodents, and even wild horses.
Cotopaxi has one of the greatest elevations from sea level of any currently active volcano. It has a striking conical shape and is typically drenched in a thick white blanket of snow. From Quito, your tour will traverse south on the highway until you reach the park. You'll then head east, passing through Lake Limpiopungo while maneuvering toward Pita River, where you'll begin this pleasant and circular walk, with the ongoing backdrop of the stunning Cotopaxi. There are few hikes in the world that allow you to cross moors and lava fields all in the same day, all while enjoying a close passage via the Rumiñahui volcano.
On any all-inclusive hiking tour, it's advisable to note what is and isn't included in whichever package or guide you choose to book.
Quito Tour Bus' tour offers early transport from Quito city on the Pan-American Highway south. Cotopaxi National Park itself is an 88,920-acre ecological sanctuary, built around and named for the magnificent Cotopaxi Volcano, which rises near 6000 meters above sea level. The evergreen landscape of the Ecuadorian highlands is one of the main attractions, along valleys and mountains covered by multicolored fields.
Upon arrival at the park, there is typically an introductory briefing on the habitat of the Andean moorland — its flora and fauna included. Most tours deviate via Limpiopungo Lagoon to observe a variety of birds and wildlife (even wild horses are sometimes visible).
On clear days, the Cotopaxi Volcano is the magnificent backdrop. A short walk through the lagoon allows you to observe the Andean flora. After that, most tours will return to the transport to head up to a higher parking lot. From here, you'll continue to visit the glaciers at around 5000m. Lunch is usually enjoyed at a local restaurant before the group returns to Quito in the late afternoon/early evening.
Most all tours include the following services:
Private transport through the whole route
Cotopaxi National Park fee and permit
The following services are sometimes included, but not by all tour operators:
Lunch at a local cafe
Personal mountain equipment (boots, sunglasses, head lamp, etc.)
Extra drinks in the cabin
Some or all of the below-listed equipment may be provided by your tour guide. However, it's critical to check ahead to ensure you are adequately prepared. Incidentally, this is why booking your guide before you set off on vacation is usually much better than waiting until you reach your hotel or hostel. Time spent in reconnaissance is never wasted!
Equipment advice:
Comfortable clothing (long sleeves)
Comfortable shoes (easy to dry or rubber boots)
Waterproof jacket
Extra dry clothing
Camping was once a popular attraction around the fringes of Cotopaxi but became less common following recent eruptions. As of writing, the park authorities no longer allow camping on the park grounds. Your best option is to head north of the park, where there are some small inns on the back roads leading to Machachi and Sangolqui.
The best accommodation options cluster around the North Gate to the park. The road is not paved but the experience of reaching the lodges alone can be part of the adventure!
Limpiopungo Lagoon is a seasonal lake that grows drastically in size during the rainy season (Oct to May). It is home to the nested Andean gulls that can be seen all year round. Hummingbirds can be observed along the trail along with small rabbits and several species of birds that feed largely on seeds. Cotopaxi wild horses often graze near the end of the trail.
Ecuadorians love to connect with their mountain deities and one way to do that is to climb as high as possible. José Ribas Refuge at around 4,500 meters is a supremely popular route with tourists and locals alike. The walk is strenuous and requires good aerobic capacity, but the views on a clear day are unparalleled.
Several companies offer mountain bike tours in Cotopaxi National Park. Most start on the trail that heads to the José Ribas Refuge and head downhill on a breezy, unpaved road. Others bike along the main road to the Limpiopungo Lagoon. Traveling by bike instead of a car allows for greater opportunities to photograph wild horses and observe the beautiful star hummingbird of Ecuador with its bright purple head and bright white chest.
Now that you know a thing or two about hiking in Cotopaxi National Park, it's time to get your walking boots dirty! The park is a gem even by Ecuador's standards and offers hikes suitable for all ages.
Cotopaxi National Park was established on August 11, 1975, and includes moorland ecosystems, the height ranges from 3400 to 5897 meters above sea level.
The rivers within the park are Cutuchi River and the Daule River. These rivers are the source of drinking water supply and irrigation to Machachi, Quito, Latacunga and the eastern region of the nation.
Pine trees are among the most abundant flora in the area.
Cotopaxi National Park spans across the provinces of Cotopaxi, Pichincha and Napo.
Visiting this area of Ecuador is more than worthwhile for the adventurous at heart. Enjoy it and all it has to offer!
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How Street Execs' Parking Lot Concert series is rejuvenating the live show
By A.R. Shaw | August 20, 2020 | 0
Tek (left to right), Allen Parks and David Meeks of Street Execs. (Photo courtesy of Street Execs)
When COVID-19 was labeled a global pandemic in March 2020, the music industry was forced to adjust. With live shows serving as a major economic part of the industry, many artists, DJs, promoters, managers, club owners and others were adversely affected after concerts and appearances were canceled.
In a move to rejuvenate the industry, Street Execs, a management and marketing firm based in Atlanta, created the Parking Lot Concert series where artists can perform outside in front of attendees who watch the show from their cars.
Thus far, Rick Ross, Plies, Moneybagg Yo, Skooly and Lil Boosie have performed at the Parking Lot Concert series in Atlanta.
During a recent interview, Allen Parks, one of Steet Execs' founding partners, shared the vision behind their latest venture.
Lil Boosie performs at Parking Lot Concert in Atlanta. (Photo by Steed Media)
How did the Parking Lot Concert series come about?
The idea for The Parking Lot Concert originally arose when we were looking for a way to promote our artist during this pandemic. We created an album listening party for Skooly at the drive-in theater and that garnered rave reviews from the public, bigger than we imagined. From there, the Parking Lot Concert was conceptualized. Then we started rolling out with other artists.
What measures are taken to ensure safety at the concerts during the pandemic?
At the Parking Lot Concert, we have taken extensive measures to ensure the safety of our patrons. We have partnered with [the] Until We Do It organization, and they donated over 75,000 masks to the Parking Lot Concert. We offer FM transmitter patrons can turn to in their vehicles to safely hear the artist on the sage. We also offer an app that allows our guests to place their food orders from their vehicles and have them delivered to them. Beginning Aug. 15, we moved to a larger parking lot at the Gateway Arena in College Park, Georgia, that offers an entire parking space in between each vehicle.
Continue reading on the next page.
Posted in Music and tagged Allen Parks, entertainment, Hip-Hop, Music, parking lot concert, rap, Street Execs


SIGMA is pleased to announce the successful launch of the new High Density Polyethylene Manufacturing Facility in our Alexander City, AL location. The new roto-molder is now fully operational, and the team in Alexander City has hit the ground running.
The new equipment is running two shifts a day, six days a week, so there is clear demand for this product line. Customers are well served; they know they can count on SIGMA's quality, logistics and service networks, and now they can rely on SIGMA for domestically manufactured HDPE products.


The Hainan Gymnure (Neohylomys hainanensis) is a species of concern belonging in the species group "mammals" and found in the following area(s): China (Hainan). This species is also known by the following name(s): Hylomys hainanensis.
Glenn, C. R. 2006. "Earth's Endangered Creatures - Hainan Gymnure Facts" (Online). Accessed 4/21/2019 at http://earthsendangered.com/profile.asp?sp=2825&ID=3.
Need more Hainan Gymnure facts?


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One among quite possibly the most widespread electrical wiring concerns is regarding how to wire a change. When utilizing switches at your home is quite quick, wiring a single may well not be that effortless for everybody. An ON-OFF switch is in fact quite simple to wire. There are different kinds of switches, but for this instance, let us say that you are putting in a single-pole toggle switch, an exceptionally popular swap (as well as the simplest).
You will discover 3 colors of wires inside a standard single-pole toggle switch: black, white, and environmentally friendly. Splice the black wire in two and connect them about the terminal screws - one particular on top and the other around the bottom screw from the change. The white wire serves being a resource of uninterrupted electricity which is ordinarily related to a mild coloured terminal screw (e.g., silver). Link the eco-friendly wire to the ground screw of your respective swap.
These methods would typically be adequate to help make an average switch operate without having a trouble. Then again, when you usually are not assured that you choose to can execute the activity adequately and properly you much better let the pros do it as an alternative. Just after all, you will find a cause why this activity is amongst the most commonly encountered electrical wiring questions questioned by most people.
For many motive, the way to wire a ceiling fan is additionally certainly one of the most prevalent electrical wiring thoughts. To simplify this job, you should use a single switch for any single ceiling fan. To wire the supporter, it can be merely a subject of connecting the black wire of the ceiling fan to your black wire in the swap. If there is a light, the blue wire ought to be linked on the black wire in the switch in addition.
There are good reasons why they are essentially the most normally questioned electrical wiring queries. Just one, many feel it's basic to accomplish, and two, these are typically the frequent electrical duties at home. But then you shouldn't set your safety in danger in your objective to save money. The stakes could even be significantly greater when you endeavor to spend less and do an electrical wiring career devoid of ample understanding or encounter.


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Employees' Compensation Following the Earthquake Situation in Puerto Rico
by Littler on 1/15/2020
Since late December 2019, a series of earthquakes and aftershocks have struck the southwest region of Puerto Rico, causing many structures to collapse or to sustain severe structural damage. Intermittent electrical service,...more
Puerto Rico Department of the Treasury Announces 2020 Limits on Qualified Retirement Plans
On December 28, 2019, the Puerto Rico Department of the Treasury issued Internal Revenue Circular Letter No. 19-17 (CL IR 19-17) announcing the applicable limits for Puerto Rico qualified retirement plans for 2020....more
Seventh Circuit Guidance on Collateral Description in Financing Statements
In a previous blogpost, we explained the technical requirements for financing statements and the potential risks of failing to satisfy them, highlighting a case where the court ruled, under a prior version of the Puerto Rico...more
Problems in the Code
by Blank Rome LLP on 12/3/2019
The title III debt-adjustment proceedings for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and its agencies have yielded several important and, in some cases, groundbreaking rulings by the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto...more
Puerto Rico Enacts Restrictions on Use of Credit History in Employment
Seyfarth Synopsis: With limited exception, Puerto Rico has joined the growing list of states that preclude an employer or prospective employer from procuring an employee's or applicant's credit history and/or taking adverse...more
Deck the Halls and Pack the Malls: 10 Issues for Seasonal Employee Hiring
by Littler on 11/13/2019
The holiday season is nearly upon us, and the shopping frenzy is about to commence. This annual phenomenon brings the hurried engagement of seasonal employees, with thousands of these retail elves helping manage the increased...more
New Puerto Rico Law Limits Employers' Use Of Credit Reports In Employment Decisions
by Jackson Lewis P.C. on 11/11/2019
Puerto Rico has enacted legislation to limit the use of credit reports in making employment decisions. An "Act to Protect Employee's Credit Information" (PR Act. No. 150 of October 8, 2019) prohibits employers from...more
New Legislation Precludes Employers in Puerto Rico from Using Credit Reports or Credit History to Take Employment Actions
by Littler on 11/5/2019
On October 8, 2019, the Governor of Puerto Rico signed into law Act No. 150 of October 8, 2019 ("Act 150" or "the Act"), which prohibits employers from, among other actions, verifying or investigating credit history or credit...more
Notable Lobbying Law Developments in Texas and Puerto Rico
Below please find updates on recent lobbying law developments in Texas and Puerto Rico. Texas Requires FARA Disclosure by Lobbying Registrants Texas House Bill 1785, effective September 1, 2019, requires lobbying...more
Littler Global Guide - Puerto Rico - Q3 2019
Act No. 83 of August 1, 2019, (Act 83) provides up to 15 days of unpaid leave, and/or reasonable accommodation, for employees who are themselves victims of abusive situations, or have a close family member who is. ...more
Minimum Salary Level in DOL's Final Overtime Rule Will Not Apply to Puerto Rico
On September 24, 2019, the Wage and Hour Division of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) announced its final rule concerning changes to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) "white collar" overtime exemptions. ...more
First Circuit Affirms Denial of Vacatur of Arbitration Award, Rejects Arguments That Parties Opted Out of FAA and Arbitrator Erred
by Carlton Fields on 9/9/2019
The First Circuit recently denied an appeal from the District of Puerto Rico's refusal to vacate an arbitration award. The dispute centered on a management services agreement containing an arbitration agreement that required...more
Chris Lazarini Provides Insight on Interpretation and Application of Broad Exclusionary Clause in an Insurance Contract
by Bass, Berry & Sims PLC on 8/28/2019
Bass, Berry & Sims attorney Chris Lazarini provided insight on a case questioning how a broad exclusionary clause in an insurance contract is interpreted and applied. The court ruled that an insurance contract containing...more
Puerto Rico Enacts Law Providing Unpaid Leave and Reasonable Accommodation for Victims of Abuse
by Littler on 8/9/2019
On August 1, 2019, just a day prior to his resignation as Governor of Puerto Rico, Ricardo Rosselló signed into law Act No. 83 of August 1, 2019 ("Act 83" or "the Act"), a very detailed leave statute applicable to public and...more
Puerto Rico Supreme Court Holds Act 2's Counterclaim Bar Does Not Preclude Employer's Independent Suit
Act No. 2 of October 17, 1961 (Act 2) created a procedural process for the expeditious adjudication of employment claims in Puerto Rico. Among other ways to streamline the process, Act 2 bars the employer from filing a...more
Puerto Rico Enacts Leave For Victims Of Domestic Violence, Sexual Harassment And Assault
by Jackson Lewis P.C. on 8/5/2019
Employees in Puerto Rico may take up to 15 days of unpaid leave each calendar year to address situations related to domestic or gender-based violence, child abuse, sexual harassment in employment, sexual assault, lewd acts,...more
Financial Daily Dose 8.2.2019 | Top Story: White House Threatens More Tariffs on China
by Robins Kaplan LLP on 8/2/2019
Apparently hoping to urge China off of its new go-slow tactic, the White House is applying its maximum pressure campaign again, announcing yesterday that the US will "impose a 10 percent tariff on an additional $300 billion...more
Hurricane MariaWage and HourNatural DisastersBankruptcy CodeEmployer Liability IssuesPuerto Rico Oversight Management and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA)Hurricane IrmaCorporate CounselDebt RestructuringDOLHiring & FiringSECRetirement PlanSCOTUSChapter 9


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New York's Irish Rep Theatre prepares for Christmas
The best thing you could do to gladden it this holiday season is take yourself along to see 'A Child's Christmas...
CAHIR O'DOHERTY
There's a special poignancy to Christmas that's unlike any other time of the year, because even more than New Year's Eve or Halloween, Christmas awakens ghosts. Long lost boyfriends, the girl that got away, the friend you miss, the mom or dad that passed on and many more besides.
And nothing seems to evoke the spirit of Christmas quite like a poem or a song. Think of George Michael's "Last Christmas" or John Lennon's "Happy Christmas (War Is Over)," say – they're not great songs in themselves, but through association, through the flood of memories that come with them, they become more than themselves.
That's because in your mind Christmas isn't just a day or a celebration -- it's every remembered Christmas too, including all the missing faces who were at your table once along with the bright new faces who gather there now, all rolled into one.
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So Christmas happens on your street and in your city but it also happens in your heart, and if you have a big heart (and what New Yorker, give or take a Donald Trump, doesn't?) then the best thing you could do to gladden it this holiday season is take yourself along to see 'A Child's Christmas In Wales,' the Irish Repertory Theatre's utterly magical evocation of the spirit of the season.
Beginning December 7 and running through December 31, the Irish Rep employs the irresistible rhythms of the Welsh poet laureate Dylan Thomas, whose capacity for (and ability to) create delight are undiminished.
"All the Christmases roll down the hill toward the Welsh speaking sea, like a snowball whiter and bigger and rounder, like a cold and headlong moon bundling down the sky that was our street," Thomas writes, unforgettably, in a sequence quoted in the show.
Thomas was a man who unreservedly loved his little town along with the lively characters who made their homes there, and an Irish audience will have no trouble recognizing their own homeland and parish in the sights and sounds of Thomas's Welsh childhood.
Irish Rep director Charlotte Moore, a woman who clearly has more spirit than the Jameson distillery, successfully makes this annual Christmas tradition at the Rep take flight because she understands that Christmas is a time of year that's made special during childhood and somehow, no matter what happens in life, it manages to stay special, even if we've grow older and more cynical in the intervening years.
Appealing to the kid in all of us with song and dance numbers that lift the heart and the spirits, Moore invites the gifted pianist John Bell to hit the notes that resonate.
Playing both traditional and contemporary Christmas music, Bell manages to elevate the show's familiar and nostalgic material and in fact the whole experience in ways you can't anticipate before the curtain goes up.
With costumes by David Toser and a lighting design by Michael O'Connor, 'A Child's Christmas in Wales' evokes winter and snow and decorations and shadows, all the successful elements of a truly happy Christmas.
But it's true to say that not every New Yorker enjoys Christmas or the sentimental songs that usually accompany it.
So if you're one of those people who winces when you hear carols blaring away at your local supermarket take heart, this is a sophisticated show that gets you, and you don't have to shudder in anticipation of a deluge of cheap sentiment.
Instead of the syrupy carols you'll hear over the Christmas loudspeakers, Moore has wisely selected a host of numbers from the Great American Songbook that have the power to stop you in your tracks.
If there's a more poignant or perfect pop song than 'Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas' it has yet to be discovered. It achieves its remarkable power by resisting sentimentality, not giving into it.
We know what it's costing the singer to keep smiling, and in a way that knowledge is the secret buried in the heart of Christmas, too. It's courage and compassion, not egg nog, that truly makes the season bright.
Year after year the Irish Rep has remembered that lesson and created a show whose charms will light you up on the way home like a shot of fine sherry.
'A Child's Christmas in Wales' will play at the Irish Repertory Theatre in New York. Visit www.irishrep.org, or call 212-727-2739.


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Dixie State University's Student News Source
Last Updated: January 14, 2019, 3:27 pm
You Can't Stop Rock 'n' Roll: Punk's dead, baby, punk's dead
By: Stephen Armstrong
Rohnert Park, California, hardcore-punk band Ceremony performs at the South by Southwest Music Festival in Austin, Texas, on March 21, 2015. (TNS)
By Stephen B. Armstrong
In the '70s, punk rock was flourishing in Lower Manhattan. Bands with crazy fashion aesthetics like the Stooges and New York Dolls penetrated the clubs around the Bowery and Greenwich Village first, and then came a wave of even faster, harder and snottier groups like the Dictators and Dead Boys, who crushed out short, nasty, nihilistic songs about self-loathing, drugs and child abuse.
Several acts with serious artistic ambitions played the lounges in the Lower East Side during this period, too, bands like Suicide and Pere Ubu that worked up dour pop-inflected serenades about life in post-Vietnam/post-Watergate America with power chords, droning harmonies and surrealist lyrics delivered by singers whose voices were anything but lovely.
One of the best of these art-punk bands I always thought was Television, a four-piece outfit fronted by singer-songwriter Tom Verlaine, who took his name from the fin de siècle French writer Paul Verlaine, whose poetry, like Tom Verlaine's lyrics, emphasized both the lurid and the beautiful aspects of modern urban life. Television released a record in 1977, "Marquee Moon," that stands out even today as one of the most consistently excellent albums ever made by an American band, punk or otherwise. Its sound is sweet and brittle like a box of Pocky biscuit sticks. And absurdist lyrics like "I remember / How the darkness doubled / I recall / Lightning struck itself" flitter through it like pigeons in a city park.
In the late 1980s, I had a chance to live in New York, to be near the spaces where the music of my dreams had been written, recorded and performed. The rock clubs around the Village at that point, however, were dominated by bands that played hardcore and speed metal, music I appreciated but never loved as it shunned the artistic objectives of Television and the pleasant minimalism that made the first four Ramones album wonderful.
By the time I moved to New York, so many of the figures that had made the scene a decade earlier had gone commercial, too. David Johansen, the New York Dolls's lead singer, had turned himself into a lounge lizard character named Buster Poindexter and scored a Top 40 hit ("Hot Hot Hot"). Lou Reed, the so-called Godfather of Punk, was shilling on TV for American Express and Honda. And Blondie's Debbie Harry had become an actor, landing roles in straight-to-video horror movies.
But vestigial traces of punk lingered in the city. I remember one morning standing in line at a bank on Broadway. There was a piano in the lobby, and a guy in a tux was playing music that sounded like Ferrante & Teicher. Johnny Ramone stood three or four people ahead of me. He looked like a parolee: bowl-cut hairdo, white undershirt, scowl. It didn't seem like a very cool thing to say hello to him, so I didn't. A few weeks later I saw Dee Dee Ramone walking along Bleecker Street, his arms wrapped around the waists of a pair of strung-out blondes.
Witnessing the gods of punk rock like that should have been a thrill. But I knew they were has-beens. And even when I caught a Ramones show a few years later outside D.C., I knew I was looking at and singing along to something that time had displaced, that success had eluded, and I felt embarrassed for the band and for myself.
I still listen to New York City punk, though. I revere Blondie. I'd take "Marquee Moon" with me on a desert island. Next week, I'm interviewing someone who produced a Ramones album in the mid-'80s. But the punk moment has passed. The clubs are all closed. The record stores extinct.
And yet I wonder at times about the impulses that made punk so great, the refusal of professional musicians to be boring. Do these tendencies still exist in our ultra-commercialized country and what passes these days for alternative music?
On the lower frequencies, perhaps?
Stephen B. Armstrong co-hosts "Maximum Rock 'n' Roll with Katie 'n' Steve" on 91.3 Radio Dixie Thursdays at noon.
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