text:
Tripping Through Gateways
Let's Visit Texas Part 3 (Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 3, 1990)
by thomwadePosted on October 27, 2016 September 11, 2016
After the failure of Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2, New Line Cinema got the the rights. And they were determined to make the Texas Chainsaw Massacre into a franchise in line with their Nightmare on Elm Street franchise. Let me get this out of the way. The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 3 has one of the best Teaser Trailers Ever:
Of course, absolutely to be expected the movie is just not as wonderfully absurd as the trailer. Truthfully, the most interesting aspect of the film is they tried to get Peter Jackson to direct and the film stars Future Aragorn, Viggo Mortenson. Unlike the second film, this one goes for darker and gorier.
A young couple runs afoul of Leatherface and his new family. Leatherface is the only returning character (to be fair, all the others died in the second film) and his new family is a different approach. They are more of a traditional family. You know, a traditional family who hacks people up. But a traditional family. A mom, dad, kids, a guy with a weird eye. And a big, big chainsaw.
Again…traditional family.
The film's cast was mostly unknown at the time, though they did include genre vet Ken Foree. The cast is generally likeable, but the story is kind of dopey. The story includes all sorts of references to the original film, but they feel like moments where the film makers felt they should be following the original closely without directly ripping it off. At the same time, it is clear that the first time screen writer David Schow was trying to take the series in a slightly different direction that made the sequel open for more sequels.
The film also had many re-shoots that significantly altered the story. One character clearly dies at the hands of Leatherface. And then shows back up at the end. A lot of what is happening gets confusing.
Director Jeff Burr had made the entertaining horror anthology Whisper to a Scream (also known as the Offspring). The film was made bloody, but it then cut extensively to satisfy the MPAA. So gore hounds were not going to be satisfied, while people looking for a great scary story were not going to get that either. Everybody involved seems to have put a lot of effort to do it right…but there were to many cooks in the kitchen.
Looking back, most of the crew is pretty honest about how terrible the film turned out to be. I had a conversation with Jeff Burr back in 2004, and he made no pretense about how it would be a good film "if only". And I honestly enjoy that kind of honesty. Here is a short documentary about it.
Posted in horrorTagged David Schow, Jeff Burr, Jennifer Banko, Joe Unger, Kate Hodge, ken foree, Leatherface:Texas Chainsaw Massacre III, Peter Jackson, R.A. Mihailoff, Texas Chainsaw Massacre, Tom Everett, Viggo Mortensen, William Butler
Published by thomwade
A lover of film, both the great and the so bad it is great.	View all posts by thomwade
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text:
Poles and Jews: An Exchange
Abraham Brumberg, reply by Norman Davies
In response to:
The Survivor's Voice from the November 20, 1986 issue
To the Editors:
In his review of Hanna Krall's Shielding the Flame and of the Czas interview with Dr. Marek Edelman [NYR, November 20, 1986], Professor Davies puts forward a bizarre version of Polish-Jewish relations before and during World War II. The "professors of anti-Semitic studies, whose courses proliferate on American campuses," he says (what courses? what professors?) have got it all wrong. Before the war, anti-Semitism in Poland was something of a fringe phenomenon: "The great mass of Poles and Jews…wanted nothing more than to live together in peace in the land of their birth." Unhappily, this commendable desire was opposed by their respective "zealots" and "right-wing extremists"—the National Democrats and the Falanga on the Polish side, the followers of Jabotinsky and Begin on the Jewish side. The only Jewish party that fought the extremists (Davies's variant of the "good Jews") was the Bund, which cooperated closely with the Polish Socialist Party (PPS); all others (above all "the Zionists") were steeped in "nationalism" and "chauvinism." In 1939 things took a nasty turn, what with "many" Jews siding with the "Soviet invaders," thus confirming in Polish eyes the "rooted Jewish hostility to the Polish cause." During the war, the Jews and the Poles, "common victims of the Nazis," regarded each other with "mistrust." When the killings were over, "Begin's group" achieved power, but the Bund was not so lucky, since its "entire constituency was destroyed by the Holocaust." However, it's good to have Dr. Edelman to set the record straight.
Professor Davies's version is sustained neither by the evidence (which he mangles and distorts), nor by logical argument. As someone who comes from a Bundist background, and has written about the Bund; as someone, too, who knows and admires Marek Edelman, I naturally welcome Davies's tribute to a remarkable movement and to one of its remarkable survivors. But I can assure him that the Bund, while subscribing to the orthodox Marxist notion that "anti-Semitism can be defeated only and exclusively by the abolition of the capitalist system" (Wiktor Alter, O Zydach i Antysemityzmie, Warsaw, 1936, p. 18), never underestimated its virulence and its magnitude. The Bund did cooperate with the PPS, but this cooperation was sorely tested in the 1930s by the rising tide of anti-Jewish bigotry within the ranks of the PPS, as leaders of both parties openly acknowledged (see J. Zarnowski, Polska Partia Socjalistyczna w latach 1935–1939, Warsaw, 1965, p. 245). Nor did the Bund, for all its detestation of the Revisionists and the Betar (a loathing shared by other, Zionist, parties), equate them with the cutthroats of the ONR and the Falanga, as does Davies. The Betar did take on some fascist characteristics, such as unabashed militarism and the cult of the leader. But neither the Betar nor the Revisionists ever preached racial hatred, or organized armed bands (bojówkas) to beat up Polish students, or incited Jews to reach for the axe and split Polish heads.
To prove Edelman's lack of "rancor," and to illustrate the ostensible symmetry between Polish and Jewish "extremists," Davies resorts to outright textual falsification. Not only that, he misses the irony. To cite two examples:
Davies: "He [Edelman] calls the Poles 'a tolerant people."'
Edelman: "The Polish people, as you well know, is a tolerant people. Nothing bad has ever happened here to national minorities…. Casimir the Great [a Polish fourteenth-century king] welcomed the Jews, became fond of them, and loves them to this day. And that's the long and the short of it."
(Czas, December 1985, p. 36)
Davies: "When [Edelman] talks of a beating he took before the war on Nowy Swiat in Warsaw at the hands of an ONR gang, he mentions that gentiles who strayed into the Jewish quarter could also risk a beating."
Poppycock. Edelman does not speak of "gentiles," but specifically of the ONR-Falanga gangs which were afraid to stray into a specific area (Plac Handlowy) lest they get a thrashing from the rugged Jewish porters who worked there (Czas, p. 29). In other words, one group attacked defenseless Jews, and the other would beat up the attackers. Some symmetry! Incidentally, Edelman speaks wistfully of those stevedores "who were no more after the war." As well he might, since it was one of the Bund's proudest achievements to enlist them into its "self-defense" units, organized for the purpose of protecting innocent Jews not from innocent Jews not from innocent gentiles, but from anti-Semitic thugs.
The same contempt for the elementary tools of historical scholarship marks Davies's treatment of the war period. He refers to the collaboration of "many" Jews with the invading Soviet forces in organizing "mass deportations to the gulag" as a reason for the "widespread Polish anti-Semitism in the Nazi-occupied zone between 1941 and 1944." Note, first, the logic: We are asked to believe that "the great mass of Poles," hitherto untouched by anti-Semitism, now became infected with it just because "many" Jews cooperated with the Soviet forces in 1939; and we are also asked to believe that the "great mass of Jews," who hitherto "wanted to live in peace" with their neighbors, had actually all the time harbored a "rooted…hostility to the Polish cause." Then note Davies's evidence (or lack of it): Exactly how many Jews collaborated with the Soviets? How large a percentage of the Jewish population in the eastern parts of Poland did they represent? Was it really only the Jews (as he suggests) who collaborated? How many Poles did—and for that matter Ukrainians, Belorussians, and Lithuanians? And how many Jews were deported to the gulag? None of this is of the slightest concern to Professor Davies, who seems to be more interested in tarring the Jews with the brush of either pro-communism or anti-Polishness than in getting his facts straight.
A few words about Davies's equation of Jewish and Polish "mistrust" during the German occupation. The sad fact is that the Jews didn't mistrust the Poles: they were, by and large, afraid of them (even though many Poles risked their lives to help Jews). The Poles didn't "mistrust" the Jews: they were, by and large, indifferent if not hostile to them. It was this hostility that the Home Army reported on—and not, as Davies would have it, "the deteriorating moods" on both sides. (See The Jews of Warsaw, 1939–1943, by Yisrael Gutman, Bloomington, Indiana, 1982, p. 252.) And it was this hostility, too, that Edelman, in his Czas interview, ascribes to the Home Army as a whole (p. 33). He joined the People's Army not, as Davies suggests, because of his "Bundist upbringing," but because the Home Army was suffused with anti-Semitism, and the People's Army was not. Edelman does indeed speak with "fierce honesty," but the kind of spurious "evenhandedness" attributed to him by Davies is altogether foreign to him.
In conclusion, I suggest that Professor Davies would be well advised, next time he wishes to settle his private scores with either some (unnamed) "American professors" or (it would seem) with Claude Lanzmann, not to invoke the authority of either Dr. Edelman or the Bund. Neither has ever been an apologist for anti-Semitism; neither, in striving for "a future where ethnic divisions would not matter" (Davies, p. 21), ever deliberately ignored or obfuscated reality. In addition, the Bund, almost fanatically committed to maintaining its ideological purity, vastly preferred open enemies to counterfeit friends.
Abraham Brumberg
Norman Davies replies:
Abraham Brumberg's rather desperate letter well illustrates an important part of the prejudices that continue to obstruct any sensible discussion of Polish–Jewish history. His intemperate reaction to a few ideas floated in my review, "A Survivor's Voice," about Marek Edelman is hardly conducive to a fruitful exchange of views. Perhaps he is rattled because the argument has at last stumbled onto the right track.
It is revealing, I think, that my appeal for fairness and balance should be dismissed as "bizarre." That says a lot about Mr. Brumberg's own position. If fairness and balance are to be judged bizarre, it follows that the conventional view of Polish–Jewish affairs, as propagated in America by people of Mr. Brumberg's persuasion, must be suspected of being unfair and unbalanced. Which I believe it to be.
And to be clear, I was not appealing for some sort of phony balance of sympathies as between the Nazis and the Nazis' victims. I was calling for an evenhanded approach to all the victims of the Second World War in Eastern Europe, and for an end to the practice of discussing the subject exclusively in ethnic categories. I know only too well that anyone who dissents from the conventional view has to risk being branded as an apologist for Heinrich Himmler. But it is in no sense demeaning to the unique case of the five to six million Jews murdered by the Nazis in 1939–1945 for various aspects of their fate to be examined within the framework of the twenty to thirty million other human beings who lost their lives in Eastern Europe at the same time.
On Polish–Jewish questions, my position is straightforward. I think that they can best be understood by taking a critical stance toward the claims of both interested parties, and by treating the problems of prewar Poland's divided society in terms of the mutual experiences and mutual antagonisms of both sides. I see no virtue in limiting oneself to the recriminations of one side against the other. As a result, I must resign myself to being denounced as "anti-Polish" by the zealots of the Polish camp, and as a distorter and falsifier of the truth by their counterparts in Mr. Brumberg's camp. They can't both be right. Generally speaking, though I can make mistakes like anyone else, I feel cheerfully confident that my attempts at impartiality are well justified.
In that regard, I am happy to subscribe to a sentiment concisely expressed by Adam Michnik in his Letters from Prison. "When bombast replaces reflection," he writes, "and accusations of anti-Semitism abound,…one should remember that common sense is not the same as philo-Semitism. Poignant declarations against anti-Semitism can be no substitute for sober analyses of the roots of this frightening illness. The cause does not lie only in the faults of the Polish people. It is also necessary to recognize negative phenomena on the Jewish side as well." No doubt, Michnik's fairness will be classed in some circles as self-hatred; but it is no less fair for that, and it is a pity that this fine quotation was editorially excised from my recent review of his book.1
As for Mr Brumberg's attempt to discredit my piece on Edelman, the careful reader will see immediately that his précis of my alleged views is packed with assertions that were never made. Where, for example, did he find the idea that "anti-Semitism in Poland was something of a fringe phenomenon"? Not in my review. Where did he find the contention that "all Jewish parties" other than the Bund "were steeped in nationalism and chauvinism"? Not in my review. Where did he find the quotation that the professors of anti-Semitic studies "got it all wrong"? Not in my review. Yet Mr. Brumberg complains that the evidence is being "mangled" and "distorted."
On the other hand, several statements which I did make, and which Mr. Brumberg tries to dismiss with contempt, are at least worthy of discussion. Yes, Mr. Brumberg, it is arguable that "the great mass of Poles and Jews…wanted nothing more than to live together in peace in the land of their birth." Yes, it is perfectly accurate to talk of zealots and extremists on both sides. Yes, it is entirely reasonable to describe both Poles and Jews as "common victims of the Nazis." What possible motive could there be in denying such things? Surely Mr. Brumberg does not advocate selective compassion, where his own people would enjoy a monopoly of our sympathies, and all the other peoples would be deprived of pity and understanding.
Mr. Brumberg raises the accusation of "symmetry," and symmetry implies exact equivalence. This is an exaggeration. Nowhere, for instance, do I state that the Polish and Jewish experiences are identical. Nor do I "equate" the Polish Falanga with the Jewish Revisionists in any precise way, although one might maintain in that case that the similarities were greater than the differences. All I am pointing to is the fact that there were, and are, two sides to Polish–Jewish antipathies. Also, one must try to relate the political currents of Polish Jewry to the general trends of the day, and not to pretend that the Jews were somehow exempt from the full range of political attitudes and opinions which affected all other groups.
With regard to Menachem Begin and his associates, Mr. Brumberg volunteers the information that "the Betar did take on some fascist characteristics." Personally, I chose to be slightly less dogmatic, confining myself to a viewpoint from the Encyclopaedia Judaica, which reports that the Betar groups were called "fascists" by their opponents in the Bund. Again, one could debate the details, but I doubt whether everyone will follow Mr. Brumberg's logic (or his grammar) when he charges Begin's faction on one line with "unabashed militarism" and then promptly denies that they "ever preached…or organized armed bands…to beat up Polish students." (Who said anything about Polish students?) We must regret that the activities of the Beginites in Poland are not so well known as their later exploits with the Irgun in Palestine (where Begin quit the Polish Army that had rescued him from Russia), or in Israel's occupied territories. But equally we cannot pretend that they came from another planet, or that their distinctive political profile should not be related to the numerous other ultra-nationalist groupings of prewar Poland, where their views were first formed. I see no reason why Jewish fascists and semifascists should not be classified with all other representatives of East European right-radicalism of the 1930s, just as one would classify Jewish socialists with Polish, Russian, or German socialists, or Jewish religious conservatives with other religious conservatives, or Jewish stamp collectors with other stamp collectors.
Mr. Brumberg was clearly upset by a string of teasing quotations from Edelman, among them the one about the Poles being "a tolerant people." He calls this "outright textual falsification." Actually, the quotation turns out to be pretty accurate. What Edelman said was: "The Polish people, as you well know, is a tolerant people." But Brumberg claims that Edelman was being ironic, and that one has to read his words with a pinch of salt. Well, that is quite possible. All I ask is that Davies, too, be allowed to be ironic once in a while, and that his words, too, be read with a pinch of comprehension. I did not elaborate on the quotation, nor indicate that it represented either my own or Edelman's final verdict on the subject. It was put forward in the spirit of what I mentioned later on, namely Edelman's habit of "never saying what is expected of him."
However, since Mr. Brumberg chooses to make an issue of it, I would refer him to my God's Playground: A History of Poland2 where there is an extensive discussion of Polish toleration. There he will find my considered opinion that "toleration did prevail in Poland" even though "the spirit of tolerance was as rare a virtue as elsewhere" (Volume I, p. 199). Of course, these comments were directed mainly at the earlier centuries, just as Edelman's were. That is why Mr. Brumberg and his ancestors found themselves being tolerated in Poland, and not in some less Godforsaken country. That is why three quarters of the Jews in the world today can trace their origins to the old Polish Commonwealth. Later on, it is no secret that the stresses of Poland's unhappy history heightened religious fanaticism and racial bigotry. All of Poland's ethnic communities, including the Jews, were affected by it. What is surprising, perhaps, is that the perpetrators of large-scale violence should not have come from Poland, where the Jews were most numerous, but from Germany and Russia. As the British ambassador in Warsaw wrote in 1920, in a bid to stem the latest wave of inflated stories about pogroms in Poland, "It is of very little service to the Jews to single out for criticism and retribution the one country where they have probably suffered least." Certainly, the quarrels between Poles and Jews bear little relation to the murderous campaigns conducted at various times by their neighbors.
On the question of the rugged Jewish stevedores on the Plac Handlowy in Warsaw, and the Bundist "self-defense units," I am happy to accept Mr. Brumberg's correction. It was my mistake. Edelman was indeed talking about the street gangs of the ONR-Falanga, not about gentiles in general, and the fact that in some parts of Warsaw they could expect spirited resistance. Of course, I suspect that the ONR-Falanga was largely composed of gentiles; but I should have made it clear that they were not representative of the gentile population as a whole. I should also underline that my personal sympathies in that particular quarrel lie strongly with the Jewish stevedores. What is interesting, though, is Mr. Brumberg's unwitting confirmation of a political scene in prewar Poland where the Jewish parties were free to organize their own "self-defense units," and to defend their people from attack. Both the Zionists and the Bundists availed themselves of this freedom, as did the Polish Socialists. One might argue that the government of Poland was unwise to acquiesce in such developments. A more intolerant regime would have crushed them without mercy. But one can't help comparing the latitude granted the Jewish minority in prewar Poland with the policy of certain regimes in the postwar world, which, if an ethnic minority ever tries to organize its young people into a "self-defense unit," do not hesitate to arrest them as "terrorists," or to detain them indefinitely in the interests of "state security."
It really is rather tedious to see, whenever Mr. Brumberg is describing these Polish–Jewish disputes, that he always and exclusively accuses the other side of intolerance and hatred. There were strains between the Polish Socialist Party and the Bund. (No one said anything to the contrary.) Mr. Brumberg's comment: "Cooperation was sorely tested…by the rising tide of anti-Jewish bigotry within the ranks of the PPS." (No one doubted it.) But is it not also conceivable that comradely relations were undermined by just a soupçon of anti-Polish bias in the Bund, as left-wing critics maintain, especially if the likes of Mr. Brumberg were involved?
The same goes for the wartime Home Army (AK), which Mr. Brumberg wants us to believe "was suffused with anti-Semitism." This statement is quite moderate for him, since he usually tries to press the notion that the AK refused to admit any Jews at all. (For example, The New York Times Book Review, October 19, 1986, p. 11.) In fact, there were Jews at all levels in the AK, among them the late and lamented Pawel Jasienica (Leon Bejnar), and Marceli Handelsman, both distinguished historians, Henryk Wolinski, whom Edelman talks about at some length, Jerzy Makowiecki, and many others. Recently, Mr. Brumberg has changed his tune, complaining instead that Jews in the AK were not allowed to serve "as Jews." In other words, the Polish Home Army adopted the same policy as the US Army, or the British Army (except for the Jewish Legion in Palestine).
Not surprisingly, Mr. Brumberg misreads Edelman's account of why in 1944 he joined the communist-led People's Army (AL) rather than the main underground army, the AK. Edelman writes quite plainly that the local AK unit in his particular district of Warsaw happened to be in the hands of the ONR, "pure Falanga." Brumberg inflates that one local situation into Edelman ascribing the attitudes of that one small faction to the Home Army as a whole.
Mr. Brumberg is wrong, too, in giving an unconditional bill of non–anti-Semitic health to the People's Army. One never knows, but it is not altogether certain that some who argue as Mr. Brumberg does would still be around to treat us to their unwarranted generalizations if, in the Polish backwoods of 1944–1945, they had thrown themselves on the mercy of General Moczar.
At which point, one must begin to wonder whether the real culprit is not the concept of anti-Semitism itself. Mr. Brumberg's frantic efforts to pin the anti-Semitic label onto all manner of Polish individuals and organization—with occasional gestures toward the exceptional "good Pole" or righteous gentile, to prove his rule—can only serve to emphasize the crudity of his favorite weapon. One must seriously inquire whether the concept of anti-Semitism is adequate to the task of defining and explaining the historic conflict of two nations. For one thing, the word "anti-Semitism" appears to be infinitely elastic, being applied to everything from the advocacy of genocide to a dislike for bagels. Nowadays in America, it is widely used to condemn any criticism of Jews, or of the Jewish state, Israel, irrespective of the merits of such criticism. Furthermore, like all its dialectical counterparts, such as "anti-Sovietism," it can easily be used to smear all expression of dissenting opinion, since any protesters to the smear can automatically be tagged with the same lousy label.
Worst of all, when applied to complex international or intercommunal relationships, it assumes from the start that the main source of any antagonisms where Jews are involved must lie with the Jews' opponents. In the nature of things, anti-Semitism cannot be invoked to explore the attitude and conduct of the Semites, nor to consider the happier aspects of the Semites' relations with their neighbors. When applied to the history of Poles and Jews, it cannot do other than suggest firstly that there are no redeeming features to the tale, and secondly that the Poles are to blame for all the misery.
Anti-Semitism, therefore, looks to be a sadly blunt and one-sided tool, capable of probing only one side of multidimensional problems. It is as though one were asked to write the history of Ireland armed solely with the concept of "anti-Protestantism," or to analyze Moslem–Hindu relations in India on the sole basis of "anti-Islamism," or to expound on Russo-American relations on the sole basis of the "anti-Americanism" of the Russians. No one in his right mind would deny that an irrational hatred of Jews has been a recurrent and deplorable ingredient of Poland's many social and political conflicts. But that ingredient is but one item in a far more complicated and unsavory menu. Another ingredient is the irrational hatred of some Jews for Poles.
Mr. Brumberg's reaction to a couple of sentences about Jewish collaboration with the Soviet invaders of eastern Poland in 1939–1941 is puzzling. If I had actually written even half of the things which he so eagerly demolishes, he might have had a point. But I didn't, and he hasn't. Only a fertile imagination would quote me as saying that prior to 1939 the Poles were "untouched by anti-Semitism." Only a contortionist could bend my words to mean that the sole reason for Polish hostility to the Jews lay with the Soviet deportations. Only Mr. Brumberg could read into my remarks such farfetched suggestions as that "only Jews" collaborated, or that the deportees to the gulag did not include Jews. What I wrote, and can now confirm, amounts to this: firstly, that among the collaborators who came forward to assist the Soviet security forces in dispatching huge numbers of innocent men, women, and children to distant exile and probable death, there was a disproportionate number of Jews; and secondly, that news of the circumstances surrounding the deportations helped to sour Polish–Jewish relations in other parts of occupied Poland.
I might have added, for Mr. Brumberg's comfort, that the majority of Polish Jews (like the great majority of Poles, Byelorussians, Ukrainians, and Lithuanians) did not sympathize with Russian communism, did not welcome the Soviet invasion, and did not collaborate with the deportations. As reported in God's Playground, there were an estimated 100,000 Jewish victims among the estimated 1.5 million Polish citizens deported to the depths of Russia and Central Asia in 1939–1941.3 None of which alters the original contention. Among those persons, who to their discredit did collaborate, there were "many Jews."
Unfortunately, while exposing my alleged "contempt for the elementary tools of historical scholarship," Mr. Brumberg gives the distinct impression of knowing and respecting the historical sources. One should not take it for granted. As an eyewitness to the events in eastern Poland in 1939–1941, he has reported that the charge of Jewish collaboration is "particularly obnoxious" and that the collaborators only included "small groups of procommunist sympathizers" (NYR, June 2, 1983). Regrettably, without disparaging either his memory or his eyesight, one has to report that almost all other witnesses disagree with him. Thousands of survivors now in the West, and scores of published memoirs tell a different story. Among the informers and collaborators, as in the personnel of the Soviet security police at the time, the high percentage of Jews was striking. One could check the following accounts: Jan and Irena Gross (1983) (see below), Anatoli Krakowiecki (1950), Alexander Blum (1980), Alexander Wat (1977), Klara Mirska (1980), Ola Watowa (1984), Marek Celt (1986), or the collective work, Moje zderzenie z bolszewikami we wrzesniu 1939r ("My Clash with the Bolsheviks in September 1939"),4 and very many more.
These reports about the conduct of Jews do not necessarily make pleasant reading, especially when one reflects on the appalling fate of those same Jewish communities following the Nazi invasion of the Soviet-occupied zone in June 1941. But one should not for that reason discount them, or try to read history backward.
Mr. Brumberg is fond of quoting a Home Army Report of September 1941, signed by the commanding office of the AK, General Grot-Rowecki, and containing the famous sentence, "Please accept it as an established fact that the overwhelming majority of people in the country are anti-Semitically disposed" (Przygniatajaca wiekszosć kraju jest nastawiona antysemicko).5 Mistranslated by Mr. Brumberg,6 the quotation takes on a new slant, and might seem to imply either that Polish attitudes were based on fixed prejudice, or even that the Poles approved of the Nazis' genocidal policies. Significantly, and very conveniently, Mr. Brumberg keeps quiet about the second half of the quotation. The original text of the report, in describing the factors influencing Polish opinion at the time, goes on to say three things: firstly, that virtually nobody approved of German actions; secondly, that Nazi persecution of the Jews was causing a backlash of sympathy; and thirdly, that pro-Jewish sympathies were inhibited by knowledge of Jewish activities in the Soviet zone. And that is exactly what I was trying to convey.7
One might equally recall the report written in February 1940 by Jan Karski—one of those fearless Polish couriers who kept London in touch with occupied Poland, and who was subsequently decorated in Israel for his attempts to warn the West about the realities of the Holocaust:
"The Situation of the Jews on Territories Occupied by the USSR"
The Jews here feel at home, not just because they are not humiliated or persecuted, but because their smartness and adaptability has won them a certain measure of political and economic advantage.
The Jews are entering the political cells. They have taken over the majority of political and administrative positions, and are playing an important role in the labor unions, in the schools, and above all in commerce, both legal and illegal….
Polish opinion considers that Jewish attitudes to the Bolsheviks are favourable. It is universally believed that the Jews betrayed Poland and the Poles, that they are all communists at heart, and that they went over to the Bolsheviks with flags waving. Indeed, in most towns, the Jews did welcome the Bolsheviks with bouquets, with speeches and with declarations of allegiance and so on.
One should make certain distinctions, however. Obviously the Jewish communists have reacted enthusiastically to the Bolsheviks…. The Jewish proletariat, petty traders and artisans, whose position has seen a structural improvement, and who formerly had to bear the indifference or the excesses of the Polish element, have reacted positively, too. That is hardly surprising.
But what is worse, Jews are denouncing Poles (to the secret police), are directing the work of the (communist) militia from behind the scenes, and are unjustly denigrating conditions in Poland before the war. Unfortunately, one must say that these incidents are very frequent.8
The Yad Vashem archive in Israel, too, provides detailed substantiation of the same picture. "The Jews welcomed the Red Army with joy. The young people spent all their days and evenings with the soldiers." In Grodno, "all sorts of appointments were filled predominantly with Jews, and the Soviet authorities entrusted them, too, with the top positions." In Lwów, "I must admit that the majority of positions in the Soviet agencies have been taken by Jews." A Jewish observer to the pro-Soviet demonstrations in Lwów related, "Whenever a political march, or protest meeting, or some other sort of joyful event took place, the visual effect was unambiguous—Jews." In Wielkie Oczy, the Jewish doctor recalled how local Jewish youths, having formed themselves into a "Komsomol" toured the countryside smashing Catholic shrines. The references can be found in a recent study of the Soviet deportations from eastern Poland by J.T. and I. Gross, W Czterdziestym nas Matko na Sybir zeslali: Polska, a Rosja, 1939–1942.9
In Pinsk, where the population was over 90 percent Jewish, young Jews built an "Arc de Triomphe."
The purpose here, of course, is not to demonstrate what one hopes would be taken for granted, namely, that Jews given the chance will behave as well or as badly as anyone else. The purpose is simply to show that the marked increase in anti-Semitism in occupied Poland in 1939–1941 was linked to Jewish conduct. To put the perspective of many Poles emotively, Jews were seen to be dancing on Poland's grave.
Naturally, there is more to the story than that. Objectively speaking, there was no reason for Polish Jews as a whole to react to Poland's downfall in the way that most Poles did, nor for them to share the Polish feeling that collaborating with the invaders was in itself an act of disloyalty. Nor should one forget that the prevalence of Jews in the Soviet organs of oppression did not stop the Soviets, once established, from devastating Jewish life in the Soviet zone. The Jewish communes, which had flourished under Polish rule, were peremptorily abolished. The Jewish middle class was reduced to penury. Hebrew schools, Zionist clubs, all independent Jewish organizations were closed down overnight. Conditions were so good that thousands of Jewish refugees swarmed westward toward the Nazi zone, passing swarms of other refugees fleeing in the opposite direction. Gross even reports one incident, where a visiting Nazi commission was greeted by crowds of Jews chanting "Heil Hitler" in the hope of getting permission to cross the frontier. And on the frontier bridge over the River Bug, they were met by a Nazi officer shouting, "Jews, where on earth are you going? We are going to kill you."
All Polish citizens shared in the confusion. Many fled from west to east to escape the Nazis. Many fled from east to west to escape the Soviets. Many, quite literally, went around in circles. Those few surviving members of the Polish Communist Party, who had so far avoided the consequences of Stalin's recent purge, were among the refugees heading westward. Wladyslaw Gomulka, for instance, who had the good fortune to have been incarcerated in a Polish government jail in Lwów in the late 1930s, fled on his release to the Nazi zone, knowing full well that if he stayed for long in the Soviet zone he would be liquidated like the rest of his comrades.
The hopeless predicament of such people, trapped between Hitler and Stalin, eloquently illustrates the predicament of Eastern Europe as a whole. Poles, Jews, Ukrainians, and all the other peoples of the region were caught in the same double bind, overtaken not just by one occupation, but by two. Eastern Europe lay astride the battleground of the two greatest tyrannies which the world has yet seen; and the full horror of its fate can never be comprehended unless events on either side of the dividing line are related to each other.
Mr. Brumberg does not provide any statistics, but in accusing me of lack of evidence merely asks rhetorically, "Exactly how many Jews collaborated with the Soviets"? He doesn't know the mathematical answer any more than I do; but the question is a fair one, and it would be good to know the answer. Generally speaking, there is a gross imbalance between the amount of research devoted to the Nazi occupation of Eastern Europe as opposed to the Soviet occupations; and the field awaits fuller investigation. Polish–Jewish relations deteriorated sharply on each of the three occasions when the Soviet Red Army has invaded Poland—in 1919–1920, in 1939, and in 1944–1945; and it would throw much light on the phenomenon if we could obtain a firm estimate of the dimensions of both Polish and Jewish collaboration.
Four years ago, Mr. Brumberg used these columns to air his views at length on communism, nationalism, and anti-Semitism in postwar Poland (NYR, June 2, 1983). Among other things, he gave prominence to the Kielce pogrom of July 1946, without explaining the political context of the referendum, and lent support to Dr. Dobroszycki's (entirely credible) estimate of the 1,500 Polish Jews who were killed in the period 1944–1947. What he does not care to mention, however, since human beings in general are not his subject, is that those same years saw tens of thousands of people killed in Poland. The Jewish victims represented perhaps 2 or 3 percent of the whole. In Mr. Brumberg's version, the 97 or 98 percent do not even merit a sentence. And if anyone doubts these circumstances, they should first consult the opinions of Poland's leading Stalinists, including the chief security boss, Jakub Berman himself, as related to Teresa Toranska and recently published in English as ONI—Stalin's Polish Puppets.10 Mr. Brumberg's persistent failure to recognize the wider setting of his own concerns, and his apparent disregard for other people's experiences, must surely throw doubt on his credentials. Evidently, the gentle rebuke administered by the senior American scholar in the field, Professor Piotr Wandycz of Yale, was somewhat too gentle (NYR, August 18, 1983).
All of which underlines the glaring need, not so much for detailed research, as for the full and free dissemination of the facts about the war in Eastern Europe, which are already well established. The great American public is not well informed on many essential topics. One would not want to diminish the immense publicity which is rightly given to the Jewish Holocaust. At the same time, one could reasonably hope for a better awareness of other, related tragedies. Almost every American seems to have heard of the "six million" Jewish dead. Hardly anyone seems to know, for instance, that the Poles or the Ukrainians suffered losses of the same order. Even so distinguished an authority as Elie Wiesel has recently subscribed to that most tendentious of all statistics, namely the "twenty million Russian war dead," without so much as a glimmer of recognition either that Russians made up only a small part of the people killed on Soviet territory in 1939–1945, or that a large proportion of those losses must be attributed to the actions of the Soviet government. So long as the broad parameters of the subject remain obscure, all debates are likely to miss the main issues.
No historian can claim to possess a monopoly of the truth; and we must all welcome criticism. Modesty, no less than courage, must be the mark of our profession. We all see the past imperfectly, and it is only natural that we should view it from different perspectives. But this does not mean that everyone who begs to differ from the conventional view can be fairly accused of distortion and falsification. As one despairing scholar remarked, in the days when English historians were notorious for their academic vendettas, "an erring colleague is not a Malachite to be broken hip and thigh." Mr. Brumberg and his friends, therefore, would be foolish to imagine that they can go on treating their opponents as scoundrels, without their own good judgment being questioned. And they would be well advised to remove the beam from their own eye before pointing at the mote in the eye of others. Their habitual parrot cries about "Polish anti-Semitism" can only be likened to the old-fashioned donkey chorus in Poland about a "Jewish–Masonic conspiracy."
This does not mean that ethnic hatred was other than a painful reality, nor that Poles or Jews, or anyone else, have always refrained from cooking up the occasional plot. But as a general approach to the history of two suffering nations over a thousand years, the ethnic selectivity method is pathetic. It serves only to drown out any chance of genuine dialogue, and to reduce the very necessary debate on Polish–Jewish affairs to a meaningless exchange of insults. What is required is greater respect, greater restraint, and a greater leap of the imagination toward other people's valid viewpoints.
The New York Times Book Review (October 5, 1986). ↩
Columbia University Press, 1982. ↩
God's Playground, Vol. II, p. 451. ↩
London: Polish Cultural Foundation, 1986. ↩
For example, see The New York Times, Letters (November 23, 1986). ↩
Mr. Brumberg's mistranslation reads, "The overwhelming majority of the country is anti-Semitic," wrongly implying that anti-Semitism was a fixed attribute of the Polish population. Grot-Rowecki, however, used the phrase "nastawiona antysemicko," which is rather different, implying a nastawienie, an "attitude," "adjustment," "disposition," or "inclination" that can change according to circumstances. ↩
See Alexander Smolar, "Tabu i Niewinnosć," in ANEKS, No. 41/42 (London 1986), especially pp. 96–98. ↩
Hoover Archival Documentary Series, Stanford, Mikolajczyk Collection, Box 12, File: "The Jews in Occupied Poland," 1939–1945, pp. 5–7. ↩
London: ANEKS, 1983. A shorter version published in the US in English, War Through Children's Eyes: The Soviet Occupation of Poland and the Deportation, 1939–1941, published in Hoover Archival Documentary Series, 1981. ↩
London: Collins-Harvill, 1987, especially pp. 109, 139, 321. ↩
Piotr S. Wandycz and John Switalski, reply by Abraham Brumberg
Poland and the Jews: An Exchange
R.J. Tyndorf, reply by István Deák
'Memories of Hell': An Exchange
Jews, Poles & Nazis: The Terrible History
'In the Cage, Trying to Get Out'
Richard J. Evans, reply by Timothy Snyder
'Nazis, Soviets, Poles, Jews': An Exchange
Sara Lipton
A Terribly Durable Myth
The exhibition "Jews, Money, Myth" at the Jewish Museum in London
Marie Syrkin, reply by Philip Roth
Philip Roth and the Jews: An Exchange
Michael Ignatieff
The Rise and Fall of Vienna's Jews

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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'Don't Look Up' will have you looking up
Mary Cox Hearst Newspapers
Don't Look Up's stars (Leonardo DiCaprio as Dr. Randall Mindy and Jennifer Lawrence as Kate Dibiasky) take their comet warning to daytime TV (with Cate Blanchett as Brie Evantee and Tyler Perry as Jack Bremmer).
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Are you up for a good satire? "Don't Look Up" is the most political science fiction satire I have ever seen.
It seemed to me that when casting this film, the major criteria for most of the significant roles was that you won or had been nominated for an Academy Award. "Don't Look Up" is top heavy with Oscar winners.
Two insignificant astronomers at Michigan State University sight a comet that is 4 to 6 miles wide headed straight for the Earth. In their efforts to warn people of the imminent danger they run into all sorts of ignorance on the part of the military, politicians, media, and the general public.
Academy Award winner Leonardo DiCaprio plays astronomer Dr. Mindy, a mild-mannered, shy man who finds he likes being thrust into lime-light when he tries to warn the world of impending disaster. Academy Award winner Jennifer Lawrence is Kate, a Ph.D. candidate who originally finds the comet but is frustrated over the ignorance of those in power who don't grasp the significance of how destructive the comet is going to be. Three-time Academy Award winner Meryl Streep is President Orlean; a woman whose behavior is supposed to mimic that of former President Donald Trump and does. Academy Award nominee Jonah Hill is her lame-brained son and her Chief of Staff, Jason Orlean.
Academy Award winner Cate Blanchett is Brie Evantree, a news anchor who sets her cap for Dr. Mindy while Tyler Perry plays her co-anchor. Ron Morgan is Dr. Oglethorpe of NASA who joins Dr. Mindy and Kate trying to save the Earth. Academy Award nominee Timothy Chalamet is Yule, Kate's boyfriend. Academy Award winner Mark Rylance plays Peter Isherwell who bears a strong similarity to Elon Musk.
The acting is over the top but is fun to watch to see if you can recognize the real people the actors resemble. Unfortunately, the film sets up a scenario that, if occurred in real life, may be just as devastating.
Meryl Streep plays a pretty good villain as the ditzy President. DiCaprio and Lawrence pretend it is a drama, which makes it more plausible. You won't be disappointed in the acting. Academy Award winner Adam McKay directed and wrote the screenplay based on the story by David Sirota.
While I enjoyed the film, it drug a little and needed to be shored up a bit. McKay could have, and should have, cut about 10-15 minutes to make it move at a faster pace.
Steadfast Republicans are going to hate this Netflix movie but everyone else will find it fun. I give it 4 stars.
Mary Cox


Damascene enamel Scales of Justice Brooch. It has an old world style and nice details with gold and black enamel. This type of jewelry was most often made in Spain. The pin is unmarked and has a gold wash on the back. The scales of Justice represent the legal or philosophical theory by which fairness is administered.This brooch would be a perfect gift for an attorney or judge. We also have Damascene earrings and a bracelet.


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Chiquita Evans is the first female player drafted into NBA 2K League
Chiquita Evans was drafted #56 overall by the Warriors Gaming Squad for the 2019 NBA 2K League season.
Women's History Month isn't just for celebrating the trailblazers back in the day, its an opportunity to spotlight the women breaking ground right now. In the competitive gaming scene, Chiquita Evans is doing just that by becoming the first woman drafted in the NBA 2K League.
The NBA 2K League is a joint venture between the NBA and Take-Two Interactive, serving as the first official esports league operated by a US professional sports league. There are 21 NBA 2K League teams and the Warriors Gaming Squad had the honor of drafting Chiquita Evans.
Chiquita Evans (@chiquitae126) becomes the first woman drafted into the #NBA2KLeague, pick No. 56 by @WarriorsGaming! pic.twitter.com/LiXnn7iHjH
— NBA2KLeague (@NBA2KLeague) March 6, 2019
"We gotta make a name for ourselves," she said during the NBA 2K League showcase before being drafted. We're out here, a lot of us. We're really just trying to get the respect we deserve, and we're coming for 2K19." During that same showcase, she scored a game-high 33 points.
Eight months after that statement, Chiquita Evans was drafted #56 overall. She'll have an opportunity to show off her skills in a league that draws over 150 million views and potentially earn her squad some new marketing partnerships. She joins Gradient, Kina, and Jin as new members of the team. The second season of the NBA 2K League tips off in spring 2019. The inaugural season was a groundbreaking success and should see solid numbers in its second year.
Via the official 2K League website, the global audience for esports is expected to reach 557 million by 2021. With partnerships with existing professional leagues, many esports efforts and platforms should see significant gains in audience and participation. 2K League, for example, isn't just a partnership in name. Four NBA teams, the Atlanta Hawks, Brooklyn Nets, Los Angeles Lakers, and Minnesota TImberwolves, all have esports counterparts in the league. Stay tuned to Shacknews for additional gaming and tech updates.
NBA 2K Series
NBA 2K eLeague
Electronic Sports
Competitive.
Charles Singletary Jr posted a new article, Chiquita Evans is the first female player drafted into NBA 2K League
redshak
She's going to make 37 grand a year and has to move to the bay area. What kind of house could she rent for that? I assume at least a 4 bedrooms 3 bath


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Banner ready to lead Trojans
USC offensive lineman Zach Banner, a Chamorro, has enjoyed a lot attention this offseason, but he's also gotten to work.
Banner ready to lead Trojans USC offensive lineman Zach Banner, a Chamorro, has enjoyed a lot attention this offseason, but he's also gotten to work. Check out this story on guampdn.com: https://www.guampdn.com/story/sports/2015/08/18/guam-sports-chamorro-lineman-banner-ready-lead-trojans/31674879/
Grant Wieman, gwieman@guampdn.com Published 11:45 p.m. ChT Aug. 18, 2015
Southern Cal offensive lineman Zach Banner during the first day of fall camp at the Trojans' practice field on Saturday, Aug. 8, 2015.(Photo: Courtesy of John McGillen)
Ahead of the most important football season of his career, University of Southern California offensive tackle Zach Banner took great care in planning his course load for the fall semester. He wanted classes that could supplement his training and that intrigued him intellectually. He chose Sports, Communication and Culture, and Jazz Dance.
"It was referred," he said on the phone from his apartment in Los Angeles. "It was something that I thought would be funny."
The academic rigors this semester look light, but Banner, a Chamorro and red-shirt junior, graduated last April after three years at USC.
Since then he's become something of a star, or as big a star as an offensive lineman can be. He's been featured on numerous websites and appeared in a SportsCenter segment alongside Kenny Mayne, where he argues his case for winning the Heisman Trophy.
"Kenny needed a person, a lineman," Banner says. "Someone who looked good, but also was funny. Naturally somebody referred me. ... It's just all fun and games, that's all it is."
Banner, 6 feet 9 inches tall, has enjoyed the attention, but he's also got to work in the off-season. He says he's dropped 25 pounds and he's hoping to cut 20 more during the season from his listed weight of 360 as he enters his fourth season with the Trojans.
That will help him stay agile as he protects legitimate Heisman candidate Cody Kessler, the USC quarterback, and get out in front on run blocks.
"Last year I was the preferred side to run behind and I expect it to be the case this year, too," Banner says. "I take pride in my run blocking and being the guy to run around."
The Trojans return all five starters on their offensive line, a group that includes several likely NFL draft picks, which means Banner is staying put at the right tackle spot he held as a red-shirt sophomore.
While the players are the same, the coaching is different. Bob Connelly is beginning his first season as offensive line coach for the Trojans, the third different position coach in Banner's four years at USC.
Connelly said on the phone from Los Angeles he's been evaluating the returning players since spring practice and he likes what he sees from Banner and the depth of the position group. "Guys know that if they don't come out to work hard every day there's a guy behind him that wants his spot," Connelly said.
Protecting his starting position means taking a leadership role and Banner said he's done that by earning the respect of his teammates with extra work.
For Connelly, that's putting in the right kind of extra work. A player can excel at squats in the weight room and put up good numbers, but be weaker on the bench press. If he goes in on an off-day and does more squats, it's not helping him improve.
"I want the guys who aren't as good on the bench press to work on the bench press," Connelly said. "If I have a guy that's not as good at hand placement on pass protect, I want him to go work on that punch."
Banner has been doing everything asked by his coaches, and he's also having fun, making sure to enjoy his time in college — he signed up for the dance class, he joked, because he's already out dancing with friends every weekend.
Southern Cal offensive lineman Zach Banner spent some time on the Guam beaches this summer before he begins his redshirt junior season with the Trojans. (Photo: Courtesy of Zach Banner)
That lighthearted mentality took a hit earlier this year when his grandfather, Ralph Sukola, of Agana Heights and Dededo, died. The news hit Banner hard, but it gave him a reason to come to Guam and spend time with his family.
"Thirty percent of it sucks because it was my grandpa's funeral, but the other 70 percent was awesome," he said. "A lot of good food, that red rice and kelaguen. There was a lot of love and support from the island. When I was home I was very well taken care of."
He spent about two weeks here, hitting the beach, signing autographs and gorging on the fried rice ala at King's.
Banner said he's planning to take more regular trips to Guam, once he's drafted.
"I plan on doing a lot more out there," he said. "Being the first Chamorro kid in the NFL, that's going to be a blessing. I have to be able to show them back on the island that I still love them. I want to reach out to kids, make sure they set goals in life to be superb in sports and in the classroom."
That may still be a couple years away. Banner said he won't start to consider the NFL until this season ends and he has a chance to sit down with his family and coaches to talk about his future.
"If I don't need to leave, I'm going to stay," he said. "I love USC."
Pushing that aside will allow him to focus on the season at hand, where the goals are the same as they've always been: Win the Pac-12. Compete for the national championship.
To get there, the Trojans will follow the same process Banner will use as he learns to pirouette, jete and, eventually, axel turn in his dance class. One step at a time.
"We have to hold ourselves accountable," Banner said. "We have to focus on us. We're USC. Everything will fall in line, we'll win some games. We're going to get everybody's best game and know we can't slip up. If we make mistakes, we correct them so there's no big losses like last year."
The Trojans have 12 games scheduled, beginning with Arkansas State on Sept. 5. Banner said they'll be prepared this year for "all 14 of them."
USC finished 9-4 last season, winning its bowl game but missing out on the Pac-12 championship game.
"I just got to keep having fun," Banner said. "That's all it is. It has a lot to do with the focus setting in, focusing a little bit more. I've just got to make sure I keep having fun. Everything is going to fall in place for itself."
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Team Guam's basketball team faces exciting 2020
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New leadership for Queensland's Department of Infrastructure and Planning
THE QUEENSLAND Government yesterday announced new leadership for the Department of Infrastructure and Planning, following the appointment of previous Director-General and Coordinator-General, Graeme Newton, as head of the Queensland Reconstruction Authority.
Minister for Local Government Desley Boyle and Minister for Infrastructure and Planning Stirling Hinchliffe, yesterday approved the appointment of Growth Management Queensland Chief Executive Paul Low as the Acting Director-General of the Department of Infrastructure and Planning (DIP).
The Ministers also approved the appointment of former Chief Executive Officer of WaterSecure Keith Davies as Coordinator-General.
Mr Low, who reports to both ministers, will be responsible for the state's planning and growth management agendas as well as providing support for the Local Government sector.
Mr Davies will work across the whole of government on independent environmental assessments for many of the state's biggest projects and will also facilitate major projects for economic activity, social development and new jobs.
"Paul is an ideal leader for this portfolio with his professional qualifications in urban planning and a wealth of experience in leading policy, planning and infrastructure development," Ms Boyle said.
Mr Hinchliffe welcomed the new appointments.
"I congratulate both men and look forward to the hard work ahead as Queensland regains its feet in the months ahead and then moves forward," Mr Hinchliffe said.
"Keith has more than 35 years experience in the water and energy industries in Australia and the United Kingdom. Mr Davies has also has been nominated by Engineers Australia as one of Australia's top 100 influential engineers for the last two years."


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Adrift is played from a first-person view. In the game, players float and move in any direction through the open environment, which takes place in zero gravity. The environment may be fully explored, but players will be restrained from exploring too far. One of the restraints is an oxygen limit, which players must monitor to avoid suffocation. When running low on oxygen, players' vision becomes blurred; they must obtain an oxygen tank to stay alive. Players move throughout five areas, completing a series of puzzles. Players are able to locate audio logs that will expand on the events of the incident. Players will also find artifacts from the dead crew and must decide whether to return them to Earth. The game is said to have two main objectives: to survive, and to return home safely.
Released Jul. 3rd, 2018


Please browse through our list of 2992 German Teachers. To arrange lessons to learn German you can view any teachers profile page, or just click the contact button to send an instant message. You must be registered at Tutor Hunt to contact a language teacher.
Hello! My name is Louise. I am a patient, understanding, and upbeat teacher with six years` experience of teaching maths at secondary level.
Students often study German as an additional language along with French however it can also be studied with English, IT, Economics and various other subjects. German is however quite a specialised subject and most students undertake it with a specific job in mind. Career paths for students of A-Level German include translation, business and finance, the travel industry and as foreign diplomats. Some A-Level courses may include a short trip to Germany or a college exchange program and these can be a fun and educational bonus for interested students.


THERE are few more delightfully perverse musical theatre treats than a trip to the Little Shop of Horrors and this year's AC Arts acting, design and technical production students have hilariously excelled themselves in a slick, highly professional production.
New York based guest director and alumnus Paul Peers has absolutely inspired top-notch performances, both on stage and behind the scenes. Fans of the 1986 film version will delight in the finger-snapping, Motown-inspired and doo-wop-drenched arrangements faithfully recreated by the six-piece band.
As nerdy flower shop assistant Seymour and his masochistic bimbo colleague Audrey, actors Simon McLoughlin and Romina Verdiglione manage to keep the key traits of their cinematic counterparts while giving their own, distinctive touches to the roles.
That's also because the stage version contains a plethora of additional songs - not to mention a much more dark, twisted and carnivorous second act.
Key to this are the wonderful puppets created by the design students for the ever-growing Audrey II - an alien plant with a taste for blood soulfully voiced by Jordan Cowan - that Seymour discovers during an eclipse.
The show is peppered with star turns. Patrick Clements brings so much Jewish schtick to his role as conniving shop owner Mr Mushnik that he could have walked straight out of Fiddler on the Roof.
David Andre has three over-thetop, scene-stealing character cameos. Jenn Havelberg's choreography is first-rate. Even Manda Webber's indoor/outdoor Skid Row set design is a multi-function masterpiece of simplicity.


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All-American Contest
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Wisconsin's Dairy Industry will be Supported with $4.5M Expansion
October 14, 2021 October 13, 2021 / News
Wisconsin Gov. Tony Evers announced the state will be supporting the expansion of Agropur Dairy Cooperative in Little Chute with up to $4.5 million in business tax credits from the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation (WEDC) on Monday, Oct. 4.
Officials say Agropur, one the world's largest dairy suppliers, will be building a new $168 million cheese factory in Little Chute that will set the company up for future success in the state by investing in the latest cheesemaking technology and making room for growth. According to a news release, Agropur will be eligible for up to $4.5 million in business tax credits over the next four years based on meeting hiring and capital expenditure goals.
"From our farmers and cheesemakers and the folks in the dairy supply chain to the workers who will help build this expansion, to the Wisconsin cheese consumers and enthusiasts everywhere, this investment will be felt far beyond the farm," said Gov. Evers. "This project is great news for our economy and for Wisconsin, and on behalf of our great state, we are thrilled to support Agropur's investment in America's Dairyland and in the future of the dairy industry."
Agropur, the largest dairy cooperative in North America and one of the top 20 dairy producers in the world, operates facilities in La Crosse, Appleton, Little Chute, Weyauwega, and Luxemburg in Wisconsin. They employ about 850 employees, officials say. The cooperative anticipates spending nearly $60 million more a year on milk from Wisconsin farms and creating at least 54 new full-time jobs with this project.
Gov. Evers was joined for the announcement by WEDC Secretary and CEO Missy Hughes and Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection (DATCP) Secretary Randy Romanski while visiting a family dairy farm in Seymour. The farm is run by Lorraine Steffens and her sons, Steve and Dan. The family, which has owned the farm since 1971, milks 130 cows on about 300 acres.
"Wisconsin is uniquely positioned to help Agropur develop new products and succeed in the dairy industry," Secretary and CEO Hughes said. "In turn, Agropur invests in our dairy farms, pays family-sustaining wages and through the company's charity work helps ensure access to healthy food for our communities."
The new Agropur cheesemaking facility is under construction on 24.5 acres in Little Chute. The 210,000 square-foot facility will allow Agropur to increase its production and make future expansions in Little Chute possible.
"This expansion is a promise to farmers that we're going to be here, and you'll have a place for your milk to go," said Lorraine Steffens.
Officials say the facility's milk processing would more than double from 300 million pounds a year to 750 million pounds with about 85% of that milk coming from within 40 miles of the plant.
"Having a new state-of-the-art facility will help us to solidify our leadership position in the dairy industry," said Doug Simon, Agropur's president of U.S. operations. "Beyond speed and efficiency, the process and equipment will provide greater flexibility and will allow Agropur to offer a broader line of products to meet our customers' needs."
Source: WDJT – Milwaukee
US National Convention Meeting
Holstein Association USA Annual meeting is in full force at today's National Holstein Convention. Holstein Associations President Chuck Worden welcomed everyone to the Annual Meeting and gave an overview of the past year in the…
The National All Breeds Show at Livestock 2012 Incorporating Dairy Event
Schedules are now available for the National All Breeds Show staged over two days at Livestock 2012, the UK's largest livestock specialist event to be held on Tuesday 4 and Wednesday 5 September at The…
Bill Rauen Joins ABS as Dairy Sire Analyst
Bill Rauen has joined ABS Global, Inc. as a dairy sire analyst and member of the regional sire analyst team.
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Q: Dapper ORM and Paging and Sorting Extension I am using Dapper for a Generic DAL that can be used for both Oracle and SQL server. What would be the best way to provide Paging and Sorting methods so that it works both for SQL and Oracle without manually creating/changing the SQL statments?
Something like:
var users= Dapper
           .Query<User>(sqlStatment
                        .Skip(10)
                        .Take(10)); // where sqlStatment string

A: As @Alex pointed out, paging is done differently on the two databases of your choice so your best best for having most optimized queries is to write separate queries for each.
It would probably be best to create two data provider assemblies each one serving each database:

*

*Data.Provider.Sql

*Data.Provider.Oracle

And then configure your application for one of the two. I've deliberately also created Data.Provider namespace (which can be part of some Data assembly and defines all data provider interfaces (within Data.Provider) that upper couple of providers implement.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Serbia cuts rate 50 bps as inflation still below lower limit
Serbia's central bank cut its policy rate by 50 basis points to 5.50 percent in a response to inflation that remains below the bank's lower tolerance limit, low inflation abroad, stable inflation expectations and disinflationary domestic forces.
The National Bank of Serbia (NBS), which has now cut its rate by 250 basis points this year, said investors' perception had improved and the foreign exchange market was relatively stable after external risks eased in the wake of Greece's agreement with its creditors, the country's arrangement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and a more favourable performance of the economy and balance of payments.
Serbia's inflation rate eased to 1.0 percent in July from 1.9 percent in June, well below the bank's target range of 2.5 to 5.5 percent.
In July, when the NBS held its rate steady, it said that it expected inflation to return to its tolerance bank in coming months.
Serbia's dinar started depreciating in June 2014 but then bounced back in February. Since March the dinar has traded sideways, quoted at 120.2 to the euro today, largely unchanged this year.
The board of the NBS also approved its latest inflation report that will be presented on Aug. 19.
The National Bank of Serbia issued the following statement:
"The NBS Executive Board decided in its meeting today to cut the key policy rate by half a percentage point to 5.5%.
The Executive Board stated that y-o-y inflation continued to move below the lower bound of the target tolerance band and amounted to 1.0% in July.
The decision to lower the key policy rate was taken in view of the disinflationary effect of the majority of domestic factors, low inflation abroad and the stability of inflation expectations within the target tolerance band.
It was concluded that external risks have lessened after Greece had reached an agreement with international creditors, which, along with Serbia's arrangement with the IMF and the more favourable than expected economic and balance of payments performances, contributes to the relative stability of the foreign exchange market and improved investor perception. The country's macroeconomic outlook has improved also owing to the effects of fiscal consolidation which, at the same time, diminishes the exposure of the domestic economy to adverse external shocks, assessed the Executive Board.
The Executive Board also adopted the August Inflation Report that will be presented to the public on Wednesday, 19 August 2015.
The next rate-setting meeting of the Executive Board is scheduled for 10 September."
Labels: Europe, interest rates, Monetary Policy, National Bank of Serbia


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In Case of Emergency Série TV - 2007
In Case of Emergency est une série TV débutée en 2007 de 1 saisons et 13 épisodes
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Résumé de In Case of Emergency
Harry, Jason, Sherman et Kelly sont allés dans le même lycée. Quelques années ont passé depuis la remise de leurs diplômes et les choses ne se sont pas vraiment passées comme ils l'auraient souhaité. C'est une bonne chose qu'ils se retrouvent et qu'ils puissent maintenant compter les uns sur les autres car leurs ennuis ne font que commencer...
Série TV \ 2007
Acheter sur Amazon Série Terminée Débute en 2007 1 saisons 13 épisodes
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S01E01 - 03/01/2007 - Pilot
The opening episode of this new series explores the concept that who you were in high school is not what you will become. Harry, Jason, Sherman and Kelly discovered this fact on a day when they each had a personal emergency. This series of emergencies reunites the group and they find that, at the end of the day, that they've got each other in case of emergency.
S01E02 - 10/01/2007 - It's Got to Be the Morning After
Kelly's cop boyfriend catches Harry helping her move her things out of his place and he isn't happy about it. Jason is still trying to have something going on with Dr. Joanna while Sherman's staff refuses to help him to restore his professional reputation.
S01E03 - 17/01/2007 - Let Go, Let Golf
Sherman and Harry sneak into an ashram to extract Sherman's ex-wife. Kelly confesses to Harry what really happened to her husband, while Jason tries to convince Dr. Joanna's grandmother to accept medical treatment to save her life.
S01E04 - 24/01/2007 - Stuck In Amber
Harry quits his job because his boss chastises him, and Sherman tries to avoid hostile fellow shoppers at a supermarket while Jason dodges a process server.
S01E05 - 31/01/2007 - Denial for a While
While Harry begs Kelly not to tell Sherman and Jason that she's a hooker, Sherman discovers that Jason's investment company has lost all of his money, and Dr. Joanna rejects Jason's advances.
S01E06 - 28/02/2007 - Oh, Henry
While Jason is jail bound and considers ratting out his uncle Henry to get a better deal, Jason's mother flirts with Harry. In the meantime, hoping to get him over his wife, Kelly takes Sherman to a strip club.
S01E07 - 07/03/2007 - Forbidden Love
Jason finds out that his mom is sleeping with Harry. Sherman is having a hard time trying to stay on his diet. And Dylan gets a crush on Kelly.
S01E08 - 14/03/2007 - Proof of Love
While Sherman convinces Kelly to help him kidnap his wife, Harry reveals to Jason that he has sex with his mother and Jason tries to prove that Joanna kissed him.
S01E09 - 21/03/2007 - Your Goose is Cooked
After the surprise visit of Kelly to her strict parents, she decides to create a new life for herself and to start from scratch. She decide that the best way of doing it is by getting married, but things are getting complicated when she decides to choose Jason and not Harry and her parents demand that she have a traditional Korean wedding.
S01E10 - 28/03/2007 - The Good, the Bad and the Mob
When Harry's son, Dylan, is repeatedly harassed by a school bully, Kelly decides to hire two goons from the massage parlor to protect him. Meanwhile, Jason finally gets Dr. Joanna to go out with him but, while they were going out, he finds himself mortified as all his possessions get repossessed right in front of her.
S01E11 - 04/04/2007 - Happy Endings
Harry and Sherman decides to go to a spa to escape women, but when they arrive Sherman begins the vacation by looking for women. Meanwhile, joanna is having problems with her neck. Each time Jason's name is mentioned, she gets a pain in her neck. she then decide to go for a massage but Kelly will be the masseuse.
S01E12 - 11/04/2007 - Disorder in the Court
Harry tries to get his ex-wife and her boyfriend to marry so he can stop paying the alimony and finally use his money to get back on track but he then learn that his son prefer his ex-wife new boyfriend more than him. During the meantime, Jason learns that his lawyer his Joanna's fiancé, while Sherman goes to rehab to help his public image.
S01E13 - 30/11/-0001 - The Picture
While Harry and Maureen try to get back together, Joanna learns about her hidden attachment to Jason. Meanwhile, Shermans book goes #1 in Japan.
Acteurs et actrices de la série In Case of Emergency
Casting de la série In Case of Emergency
Harry Kennison
Kelly Lee
Sherman Yablonsky
Lori Loughlin
Dr. Joanna Lupone
Jason Ventress
Jackson Bond
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