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"But Kultur's Nar-Poo in the Trenches"
By Mary Reid Kelley
Mary Reid Kelley
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Members of the British Expeditionary Force seemed to conduct their stay in the vowel-rich territories of Belgium and Northern France during the First World War as an extended "sounds-like" game: the villages of Étaples and Godewaersvelde became Eat-apples and Gertie-wears-velvet, and the tavern in the village of Plug Street (Ploegsteert) sold the local white plonk known universally as "vang blang" (vin blanc). The handiest malaprop of the war, however, was "Nar-Poo" or "napoo." Extracted from the French negative Il n'y a plus, it could mean "no good" or "there are no more," or it could refer to any state of general oblivion.
Thus the German representatives at the 1918 Armistice were imagined wailing, "Ach Himmel, Deutchland uber alles, napoo" by the anonymous authors of the Wipers Times, a trench journal written and printed by British soldiers stationed in Ypres, Belgium (Wipers being an anglicization of Ypres). 1 In 23 issues printed over three years of punishing labor and combat, the editors and contributors to the Wipers Times poured out an astonishing flood of poems, literary parodies, mock advertisements and editorials, absurd plays and fake war journalism. This variety of production mimicked that of the newspapers the soldiers read in the trenches (Sketch, Tatler, Daily Mail), but the Wipers Times's range of tone can be unnerving: a sentimental ode to Jim the rat-catching terrier might sit next to a gallows-humor skit about being bombed by one's own artillery, and be followed by a matrimonial advice column for high-strung veterans. Even more unsettling than the cacophonous quality of its disparate offerings is the proximity the Wipers Times established between horrifying events and the jokes lampooning them.
On Mar. 11, 1916, the editor of the Wipers Times, Captain Fred Roberts, a 32-year-old mining engineer, attended an academic demonstration of a flamethrower held by the British General Staff for its field officers. The German flammenwerfer was first used extensively in 1915 against British trenches near Ypres, and was just one of the military devices that the war brought to full flower, others being poison gas, machine guns and tanks. The flammenwerfer was a particularly terrifying weapon, capable of projecting flaming liquid in streams of up to 20 yards, but the one acquired for the British officers' demonstration apparently did not work. Nine days later, the front page of the Wipers Times asked in banner font:
Has your boy a mechanical turn of mind? Yes!
Then buy him a FLAMMENWERFER—
Instructive—amusing . . . Guaranteed absolutely
harmless. Thousands have been sold.
The particular flammenwerfer inspected by the officers was nonfunctional and "Absolutely Harmless," but Fred Roberts used the technology quite effectively later in the paper as a means to abruptly kill off the surplus characters in "Narpoo Rum," a serial melodrama, which, presumably, he had grown tired of writing:
Should there be a few characters not dealt with in this Chapter the reader must understand that they all met their deaths in the liquid fire attack. —The Author
Wipers Times writers achieved their unique, dissonant tone by constantly displacing the vocabulary and idiomatic trappings of peacetime concerns (advertisement, property rights, insurance, self-improvement, fashion) into the theater of war—a well-worn metaphor that the editors loved literalizing. Every issue begins with a breathlessly advertised theatrical extravaganza, which might be held at the "Menin Gate Cinema" or the "Dranoutre Electric Palace," venues named after sites of especially brutal battles near Ypres. One advertisement bragged that "50,000 Artistes have been engaged to produce this colossal work, at enormous expense." Such a "screaming farce" might be titled "Stuck in a Gum-Boot," "The Empty Jar: A Rum Tragedy," "Peasants Leaving Hooge," or "All Is Not Dead That's Dirty." In recommending a spectacle billed as "MINED—a most uplifting performance," the paper advised readers to "Book ahead to avoid disappointment." Notice was also given that "this week that stupendous film play GAS Will be Released." Ypres's Cloth Hall, a magnificent 13th-century secular building which the war reduced to rubble, was a favorite venue, known as "the best ventilated Hall in the Town," where one could "See all the Stars."
By framing the war as if it were a production in London's West End, the editors dodged the expected use of the "theater of war" metaphor. Rather than using the theatrical binary to highlight differences between the Germans and the British, the editors used it to dramatize the growing chasm between soldiers and the fictional "audience" addressed by many of the paper's articles: civilian Britain, which was so close to the Belgian battlefields that Londoners could hear the most massive bombardments. With its matinee shows, insurance schemes, self-improvement courses and sartorial anxiety, the home front seemed increasingly callous, cushy, maudlin and absurd—as absurd as the war itself. Although the paper continually spoofed the army's maddening military bureaucracy, its most zealous mockery was reserved for domestic archetypes: bloviating war correspondents who collected big paychecks for misleading the public and never got near the front ("I've talked to a General! I won't tell you what he said but you can take it from me the war is over"), society ladies and their charitable aspirations (providing "Warm Woolens for War-Worn Walloons"), and the growing legions of war entrepreneurs whose profits were carefully noted by "Lieutenant" Samuel Pepys, the famously frugal Restoration-era diarist whom the Wipers Times imagined sharing in the financial concerns of the trenches: "Sardines are up two pennies the tin, which is a scandal, it occurs to me that there may be much profits accruing to some persons."
The enthusiasm for war that swept Europe's young men into its armies in August 1914 had curdled into disillusionment or grim recommitment to the war's purposes—and sometimes both. Poet Robert Graves famously described the soldier's "two irreconcilable beliefs: that the war would never end and that we would win it." In early 1916, at the beginning of the Wipers Times's run, the war had been in progress for a year and a half. The representatives of culture who had joined up in large numbers were dying: painter August Macke was killed at Champagne in September 1914, and poet Rupert Brooke succumbed to an infected mosquito bite in April 1915. Käthe Kollwitz's youngest son, Peter, died in October 1914 after only two days at the front. Henri Gaudier-Brzeska was killed in June 1915, and by July the small avant-garde magazine Blast had published its last issue with his declaration from the trenches: "My views on sculpture remain absolutely the same," followed by a black-bordered note: Mort Pour la Patrie. By the summer of 1915, Max Beckmann had had a nervous breakdown, and Georges Braque had suffered a serious head wound for which he had been trepanned.
The atrocity and bloodletting of the war's early years ignited the nihilist fury of Zurich Dada, the Wipers Times's exact contemporary. Roberts was no nihilist; he wanted to chastise, not to dismantle civilization. But there is significant overlap between the Wipers Times's absurdist approach and will-to-criticize and the strategies and targets of the artists who operated out of the Cabaret Voltaire. Jean Arp recalled the beginnings of Dada in Zurich in 1915: "While the thunder of the batteries rumbled in the distance, we pasted, we recited, we versified, we sang with all our soul." 2 Recounting the same period, Marcel Janco said: "We had lost faith in our 'culture.' Everything had to be demolished. We would begin after the tabula rasa." 3 The sight of "culture" in rubble was a familiar one to Fred Roberts, who describes the origin of the Wipers Times:
Our paper was started as the result of the discovery of an old printing-house just off the Square at Wipers. Some printing-house and some square! There were parts of the building remaining, the rest was on top of the press. The type was all over the country-side, in fact the most perfect picture of the effects of Kultur as interpreted by 5.9's ever seen.
At the same time that Duchamp invented the readymade, pulling objects from the junk piles and hardware stores of everyday life and positing them as fine art, Roberts pulled an abandoned printing press from the ruins of Ypres, a city blasted apart by heavy 5.9-inch artillery shells, and used it to print a "fake" paper, a soldier's paper in civilian drag. Just as Duchamp's In Advance of the Broken Arm (1915), a snow shovel suspended from the ceiling of his studio, critiqued received notions of art and not necessarily snow shovels, the Wipers Times critiqued the bromides and insincerity of the British home front and not necessarily the war's purpose or justness. In their respective efforts, both Duchamp and Roberts held up crucial parts of their own identities for skeptical and sustained examination: Duchamp's identity as a maker of art and Roberts's identity as a Briton.
Some of the aspects of the Wipers Times's style and critical approach that link it most strongly with Dada are also those that underscore the publication's identity as a soldier's paper. Roberts's battalion was the 24th, the Sherwood Foresters, from the industrial Midlands of England. Most of the men were miners or, like Roberts, mining engineers. The Sherwood Foresters were a "pioneer" battalion, which meant that their primary job was to repair and drain trenches; in other words, they were charged with the nearly impossible task of keeping their fellow soldiers dry and sheltered in "several feet of Belgium's best" (the legendary mud). Much of the absurdity in the Wipers Times plays on the simple means they had to achieve their Sisyphean duties. These include "duckboards," the raised planks placed at the bottom of trenches in the hope that they would keep its occupants out of standing water. The slapstick potential plays out in an advertisement for "PATENT TIP DUCK BOARDS," an instrument that "HARASSED SUBALTERNS" could use to avenge themselves upon their company commanders.
Other novel inventions tailored to the peculiarities of trench existence include a "Combination respirator and mouth organ" that will "brighten even the worst Gas attack," and the eminently Duchampian "Improved Patent Combination Umbrella and wire cutter," an assisted readymade of sorts—about as useful in practice as a bicycle wheel inverted into a stool—which came in gold, silver and "ordinary" versions, promising "no more colds caught cutting the wire."
As molars across Europe ground with the conviction that this had to be "the war to end all wars," the Wipers Times continued to cheerily announce other benchmarks of progress: the breeding of "khaki hens" so soldiers could enjoy a source of fresh eggs, and proposals to carpet the trenches, or at least install linoleum.
The spirit of improvement extended not only to trenches but to the soldiers themselves. Given the number of references that appear in the paper, it seems the line officers of the 24th were constantly required to attend lectures detailing the latest technological advancements and leadership theories. (Roberts's encounter with the inoperable flammenwerfer was just such a meeting). One fed-up Wipers Times contributor remarked, "If you are depressed, but that's not at all likely, go to a lecture," because sitting in the glow of the "magic-lantern" provides "a few quiet moments to instruct your pal what to do with your corpse."
It was a conversation that every soldier had to have. The escalating casualties included many artists and writers: Franz Marc, founding member of Der Blaue Reiter, died in 1916 at Verdun before the government's order to reassign him to safer duty reached him. The Futurist painter and sculptor Umberto Boccioni died after being thrown from a horse and trampled. Walter Gropius, who later founded the Bauhaus, was nearly killed in 1916, as was painter Fernand Léger. In 1917, T.E. Hulme, a poet and theorist whose small output had a great influence on Pound and Eliot, was blown up in a direct hit from a shell. Guillaume Apollinaire suffered a serious head wound in 1916 and was in a weakened state when the global influenza epidemic of 1918 killed him. One of the greatest poets of the trenches, Wilfred Owen, was killed one week before the Armistice.
What kind of possible solace or diversion could the Wipers Times have provided to men experiencing such trauma and horror? What did it mean to men trapped in the grotesque, "troglodyte" trench world, under constant artillery exposure and shackled to an incomprehensible military bureaucracy, to find all these things the source of comedy? For a joke to be funny, those in on it must share a common reservoir of knowledge and experience. The gallows humor of the Wipers Times created a free-floating circuit of logic independent of the outside world, uniting initiated soldiers by their fluency in the real knowledge of the war.
The blizzard of military acronyms that daunts the casual 21st-century reader of the Wipers Times helped make the joke-circuit independent: meaningful to soldiers but not fully comprehensible to outsiders. Aimed at the PBI (poor bloody infantry) who knew their QMs (quartermasters) from their Red Tabs (staff officers), inside jokes about "Effpy" (or "FP," Field Punishment No. 1, which involves being lashed crucifix-style to a gate or large wheel), helped establish a context of meaning for the arcana, superstitions and rituals that soldiers lived by.
The Wipers Times was also a platform for the demonstration of a soldierly virtue known as "phlegm." British phlegm is a companion attitude to the "stiff-upper-lip," embodying a breezy contempt for danger ("Can there be any emotion equal to that of lying prone in a crump-hole with a machine gun ripping across your back?") and considered essential emotional equipment for Great War officers. It often appears in the Wipers Times as extreme understatement: "The German fleet has bombed Wapping Old Stairs, and ruined the carpet." Demonstrations of phlegmatic leadership were considered crucial for regimental morale: picture Kirk Douglas's cool indifference to a terrific bombardment as he strides through his trench in Stanley Kubrick's Paths of Glory (1957). But phlegm is more complex than simple bravery. It involves a performative contempt for logic, physics and self-preservation instincts, in order to establish powerful new conventions of wartime behavior, and to present these behaviors (going over the top, for instance) as routine, a new normal. In a 1917 editorial, Roberts phlegmatically accounts for a long, six-month gap between issues, due to "more war than is conducive to the steady production of a paper." By transposing an unflappable style that might seem more appropriate to a routine morning at the office than to the deadly unpredictability of war, British officers found not only a way to get by, but a powerful rhetorical strategy appropriate for the modern world brought into existence by the conflict. Historian Paul Fussell, for example, ascribes Hemingway's iconic, clipped tone to that author's borrowings from Great War phlegm.
The humiliations of trench-bound bodies were favorite subjects of the Wipers Times: filth, rats, lice and monotonous diets of tinned beef and government-issued jam that came in one flavor. (The much-derided jars of plum and apple were more valued when empty than when full, as the glass containers made excellent ad-hoc grenades.)
The debasement of being constantly muddy, cold, wet and exposed to the smell of decomposing flesh was canvassed with particular vigor by men very awake to the irony of supposedly advancing the cause of civilization by fighting a war which left them helplessly, degradingly dirty. In an editorial, Roberts recalls acidly "the dear dead days when we imagined war to be other than wallowing in a dirty ditch." In a parody of Kipling's poem "If," an anonymous author lists the requirements to "be a soldier one day":
If you can clamber up with pick and shovel,
And turn your filthy crump-hole to a trench,
When all inside you makes you itch and grovel,
And all you've had to feed on is a stench.
Corpses of men and horses were everywhere near the trenches and in No Man's Land. Soldiers often had to endure the sights and smells of the recently dead for days and weeks. The bodies were frequently dosed with chloride of lime powder to mask the stench. (An army sanitation officer who appears in a Wipers Times serial melodrama is dubbed "Chloridy Lime.") The powder was also used to disinfect the men's water supply. Drinking tea laced with the same chemical used to sanitize a pal's nearby corpse was a great affront to that beverage's comforting and patriotic signifiers. "Chlorinated tea and Tickler" (the hated government jam) was a common and depressing breakfast. One ad conjures the overwhelming implications by suggesting "One teaspoonful Cames Curry," so you'll "never notice the cloridylime in your tea."
In the context of such bodily mortification and discomfort, the Wipers Times parades snappy "ads" for tailors, hats, accessories, soaps—all the fashionable trimmings of the clean, civilized man. One ad for a "new line of velveteen plush corduroy breeches" advises, "Are you going over the top? Be the fashion and look like a soldier," before pronouncing, "Legs make the officer." Manly vanity was further piqued in an ad for shorts: "We guarantee to show more leg than lower-priced shorts." A "trench conversation" in the paper debates the merits of wearing a cardigan in a trench as a means of keeping shirts clean.
The frequent, masochistic dwelling on visions of cleanliness (one soldier submitted a heartfelt ode to his "Stick of Superfatted Shaving Soap") takes a gendered turn in "Violet's Chronicle of Fashion," one of several columns written from a fictional female perspective. Violet was modeled after Eve, Tatler's fashion commentator, whose intent was to "expound fashion's whims to an audience of mere males." Violet's narratives are mildly titillating—at one point, she confides that munitions workers who can't wear their usual "pretty frocks" are indulging in "frillies" (lingerie) under their smocks. The bulk of her column is devoted to breathless descriptions of the latest dresses: "Garments are fairy-like in their filmy beauty . . . and the materials are so dainty and so diaphanous that the result seems the mere ghost of a nightie!" Employing a prose as erotic as it can be, given the limitations of both sarcasm and censorship, "Violet's Chronicle of Fashion" presents a vision of women-soft-skinned and innocent, swathed in scented fabrics, freshly starched and clean, to be both idealized and despised as emblems of the unbridgeable divide between the home front and the trenches.
A less equivocal stance is taken toward war correspondents, the Wipers Times's most gleefully pursued targets. Roberts mocked their demureness in his very first column, as he solemnly assumed the editor's mantle for his soldier's paper: "The shadow of censorship enveloping us causes us to refer to the war, which we hear is taking place in Europe, in a cautious manner." As Roberts indicates, war correspondents were kept on a tight leash by publishers who didn't want to shock the public with horrifying realities. As a result, war correspondents rarely saw the front lines or spoke to fighting men. At least three such "correspondents" contribute regularly to the Wipers Times. Each was modeled on a real journalist, and each embodied a distinct journalistic sin: "Belary Helloc" (modeled on Hilaire Belloc, respected man of letters and poet who covered the war for Land and Water) specialized in armchair generalship: "Having very little time at my disposal this week I only intend to roughly outline my plan for ending the war satisfactorily and quickly." Cockles Tumley (Horatio Bottomley, fraudulent financier and founder of John Bull) was given to preening, once abruptly terminating a column with: "Now I must go have my photo taken in a gas-bag and tin hat." And Teech Bomas (Beach Thomas of the Daily Mirror), supplied florid descriptions of tanks and other war machines in action: "Like great prehistoric monsters they leapt and skipped with joy . . . jumping two villages, [they] came to rest in a crump-hole."
Only through the purple pen of Teech Bomas does any description of battle appear in the Wipers Times. His accounts, crusted with alliteration and flourishing idioms, stand in contrast to the phlegmatic tone of the rest of the paper. His fondness for unlikely happenstance ("I was picking wallflowers in Glencourse Wood when all this happened") and inappropriate simile ("suddenly the atmosphere was riven by the crescendo chorus which leapt to meet the light as a bridegroom to his bride") point to the great stress that the war placed on conventional vocabularies and forms of expression. The ludicrousness of "Teech Bomas" does not far outstrip his real-life counterpart Beach Thomas, who once described the nobility of the British dead in the Daily Mirror: "Even as he lies on the field he looks more quietly faithful, more simply steadfast than others."
While it is inarguable that a corpse is both quiet and steadfast, the insistence on extracting moral meaning from it may have been the Wipers Times's point of objection. In consistently mocking attempts by journalists and businessmen to explain or understand the soldier's experience, and in substituting oblique, parodic and absurd voices for those of traditional authority, Fred Roberts and the Wipers Times were linked by strategy and technique to the avant-garde of their time. Roberts's choice of a parody newspaper as a form also makes the Wipers Times an unmistakable forerunner to faux news outlets like The Onion and "The Colbert Report," and its black humor positions it within an Anglo-Irish timeline that runs from Jonathan Swift to Samuel Beckett to Monty Python. It is an utter shame that Roberts and his paper continue to be neglected by historians of the war and of early 20th-century art and literature. There is no adequate academic treatment of the paper or of the hundreds of other trench journals—French, British, Canadian, German, American—that flourished during the war, although Malcolm Brown and Ian Hislop's admirably introduced and footnoted edition of the complete Wipers Times provides a good entrance to the paper. 4 The publication's sharp critical agenda should establish it not as a historical curiosity, but as an essential document of the great social and artistic upheavals begotten by the war. The fact that it was written by soldiers—as Roberts said—"none of us were writing men, we just wrote down any old thing that came into our heads"—should make it an even more valued testimony that ordinary people, living through extraordinary experiences, and finding the will to pool their collected observations and criticisms purely for each other's sake, could make something funny, descriptive and true.
The most sympathetic portrayal of the Wipers Times may have been written by a man who never saw it but fully knew its context and its complaints. Tristan Tzara was speaking of Dada when he wrote:
There is a literature that does not reach the voracious mass. It is the work of creators, issued from a real necessity in the author, produced for himself. It expresses the knowledge of a supreme egoism, in which laws wither away. Every page must explode, either by profound heavy seriousness, the whirlwind, poetic frenzy, the new, the eternal, the crushing joke, enthusiasm for principles, or by the way in which it is printed. On the one hand a tottering world in flight, betrothed to the glockenspiel of hell, on the other hand: new men. Rough, bouncing, riding on hiccups. Behind them a crippled world and literary quacks with a mania for improvement. 5
1. Unless otherwise noted, all quotes are from the facsimile edition of the paper: Malcolm Brown and Ian Hislop, The Wipers Times: The Complete Series of the Famous Wartime Trench Newspaper, London, Little Books, 2006.
2. Jean Arp, On My Way: Poetry and Essays 1912-1947, New York, Wittenborn, Schultz, 1948, p. 39.
3. Marcel Janco, "Dada at Two Speeds," in Lucy Lippard, Dadas on Art: Tzara, Arp, Duchamp and Others, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall, 1971, p. 36.
4. Hislop, the high-profile editor of Britain's Private Eye and master of political satire, recently produced The Wipers Times (2013) for BBC Two. The film focuses on the incredible circumstances the paper was created in, with the script carefully incorporating as much of the paper's humor as a present-day audience can be expected to absorb in a two-hour program.
5. Tristan Tzara, "Dada Manifesto," in Lippard, Dadas on Art, p. 16.
british soldiers
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While the Galaxy S III pre-order frenzy started early last week, we've yet to see the device going for anything less than retail price. Now, however, Amazon Wireless and Target Mobile both have the AT&T variant for $150 with an updgrade. Normally we see the best deals reserved for folks looking to sign a new contract, so this is definitely the exception to that rule.
Wirefly has also joined the game and started accepting pre-order for the Sprint variant of the device, albeit for the slightly higher price of $180 for both new contracts and upgrades.


Interested in tutorials and recipes? You've come to the right place! Let's learn some cool stuff.
One of our fantastic users from the list created a nice tutorial for running Singularity containers on the Compet Supercomputer at San Diego Supercomputer Center: zonca/singularity-comet. He welcomes feedback and contributions! Thanks @zonca!


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Les anciens présidents du conseil départemental d'Eure-et-Loir
 Adelphe Chasles : 1843-1848 - Maire de Chartres de 1830 à 1847, conseiller général du canton de Voves depuis 1833, député d'Eure-et-Loir ;

 Émile Labiche : 1871-1906 - Conseiller général du canton d'Auneau depuis 1864, préfet puis sénateur d'Eure-et-Loir ;

 Gustave Lhopiteau : 1907-1920 - Parti radical, conseiller général du canton de Maintenon depuis 1892, député d'Eure-et-Loir et ministre de la Justice ;

 Maurice Viollette : 1920-1960 - Parti radical, conseiller général depuis 1906, maire de Dreux depuis 1908, député et sénateur d'Eure-et-Loir, ministre d'État ;

 Émile Vivier : 1960-1976 - PS, conseiller général du canton de Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais depuis 1955, maire de cette même ville depuis 1945 ;

 Edmond Desouches : 1976-1979 - PRG, conseiller du canton de Chartres-Nord-Est depuis 1953, maire de Lucé depuis 1947 ;

 Robert Huwart : 1979-1986 - PRG, maire de Nogent-le-Rotrou de 1965 à 1987 ;

 Martial Taugourdeau : 1986-2001 - RPR, maire de Tremblay-les-Villages depuis 1971, conseiller général du (canton de Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais) depuis 1979, député et sénateur d'Eure-et-Loir ;

 Intérim Gérard Cornu : 2001-2001 - RPR, maire de Fontenay-sur-Eure de 1989 à 2014, conseiller général du canton de Chartres-Sud-Ouest de 1992 à 2004, député et sénateur d'Eure-et-Loir ;

 Albéric de Montgolfier : 2001-2017 - UMP, LR, conseiller général du canton d'Orgères-en-Beauce depuis 1998, conseiller départemental du canton des Villages Vovéens depuis 2015, sénateur d'Eure-et-Loir ;

 Intérim Joël Billard : 2017-2017 - LR, maire de Bonneval depuis 1995, conseiller départemental du canton de Châteaudun depuis 2015.

 Claude Térouinard : 2017-2021 - LR, conseiller départemental du canton de Brou.

N.B. : concernant Eugène Casimir Lebreton (1791-1876), bonapartiste, conseiller général du canton de Nogent-le-Rotrou, les mandats de président du conseil général restent à déterminer.

Conseillers départementaux issus des élections de 2021

Président
 Christophe Le Dorven, LR, conseiller départemental du canton de Dreux-1.

Vice-présidents
Ils sont au nombre de sept, et occupent des postes de présidents de commission.

 Anne Bracco, élue du canton d'Épernon, présidente de la commission Éducation et enseignement supérieur ;
 Éric Gérard, élu du canton de Nogent-le-Rotrou, président de la commission culture, vie associative, sport et usages numériques innovants ;
 Christophe Le Dorven, président du conseil départemental, président de la commission des Finances ;
 Évelyne Lefevbre, élue du canton d'Anet, présidente de la commission Solidarité, autonomie et santé publique et de la commission Ressources Humaines ;
 Stéphane Lemoine, élu du canton d'Auneau, président de la commission Infrastructures routières, mobilités et voies douces ;
 Bertrand Massot, élu du canton de Lucé, président la commission Établissements et services sociaux et médico-sociaux, et insertion ;
 Christelle Minard, élue du canton de Saint-Lubin-des-Joncherets, présidente de la commission Transition écologie et attractivité du territoire.

Conseillers départementaux
Les conseillers départementaux sans vice-présidence de commission sont 23 :

 Francis Pecquenard, élu du canton d'Anet

 Annie Camuel, élue du canton d'Auneau

 Danièle Carrouget et Claude Térouinard, élus du canton de Brou

 Karine Dorange et Étienne Rouault, élus du canton de Chartres-1

 Élisabeth Fromont et Franck Masselus, élus du canton de Chartres-2

 Isabelle Vincent et Rémi Martial, élus du canton de Chartres-3

 Alice Baudet et Joël Billard, élus du canton de Châteaudun

 Évelyne Delaplace, élue du canton de Dreux-1

 Sylvie Honneur et Jacques Lemare, élus du canton de Dreux-2

 Jean-Noël Marie, élu du canton d'Épernon

 Laure De La Raudière et Hervé Buisson, élus du canton d'Illiers-Combray

 Emmanuelle Boutet-Gélineau, élue du canton de Lucé

 Stéphanie Coutel, élue du canton de Nogent-le-Rotrou

 Xavier Nicolas, élu du canton de Saint-Lubin-des-Joncherets

 Delphine Breton et Marc Guerrini, élus du canton des Villages Vovéens

Listes des conseillers départementaux d'Eure-et-Loir

Conseillers départementaux par canton
Seuls les cantons ayant existé postérieurement à 1833, date à laquelle les conseillers sont élus et non nommés, figurent dans cette liste :

Conseillers départementaux par nom

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Conseil départemental d'Eure-et-Loir
 Liste des cantons d'Eure-et-Loir
 Élections départementales de 2015 en Eure-et-Loir
 Élections cantonales de 2011 en Eure-et-Loir

Liens externes

Eure-et-Loir
Conseillers départementaux

Eure-et-Loir

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Mr. Ray V. Baskin, 71 of Burlison, passed away on the morning of April 5, 2019. Mr. Baskin was a farmer and member of the Smyrna Baptist Church.
Mr. Baskin is survived by his wife, Judy Bradshaw Baskin of Burlison; his daughter, Jennifer Kidd (Ricky) of Burlison; his brother, Jerry M. Baskin (Carol) of Lexington, KY; his five grandchildren, Baxter, Hayden, and Camden Kirkdoffer, and Cameron (Brittany) and Channing Kidd; and his four great-grandchildren, Jonathan Kirkdoffer, Isaac Kidd, Warren Kidd, and Isabella Lamb. Mr. Baskin was preceded in death by his son, Jonathon Ray Baskin; and by his parents, Herbert and Nina Ludell Baskin; and by his brother, Robert L. Baskin.
Services for Mr. Baskin will be held on Sunday, April 7th, at 2 PM at the Maley-Yarbrough Chapel. Visitation will take place Saturday night from 5-7 at the funeral home. Interment will follow in Shiloh Cemetery with Rev. Lee Ramsey officiating.
In lieu of flowers the family requests that memorials be sent to the St. Jude's Childrens Research Hospital.


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Oil&nonoil: An important date in the diary for an evolving industry
Oil&nonoil
The thirteenth Oil&nonoil exhibition, which will be running from 9th to 11th October at the Veronafiere fairgrounds, will adopt the same approach as in previous years, combining an exhibition with conference sessions.
The oil companies' gradual abandonment of the downstream sector is an international phenomenon that has reached Italy later than other countries, but has intensified strongly in the past two years.
There are now only four vertically integrated oil companies still operating on the Italian market (Eni, Kuwait, Api-Ip and Tamoil) and this leaves the rest of the network, at least 50%, in the hands of private entrepreneurs, who have to deal with all the complex management steps.
There are more than 160 brands currently within the Italian network, representing companies that often operate in regional settings. Filling station owners are growing in number and many of them entrust oil companies with the running of their facilities.
Recently, the British company Eurogarages purchased 1,170 Esso filling stations and is now starting their new operations. There are also other aggregations of owners that can bring together as many as 500 stations, sharing management and procurement problems and, often, a common brand too.
In Verona, the Italian Economic Development Ministry will be presenting the results of the "Anagrafe della rete" (network registry), a complex survey carried out to obtain precise data on the solidity of the network, and to identify stations that fail to meet the latest safety regulations.
The picture that emerges will shape the debate over the coming months and also the choices of those entrepreneurs whose stations will be forced to close.
It is no coincidence that Oil&nonoil has been chosen by the Ministry and the Conference of Italian Regions for the presentation of these data.
The event attracts over 4,000 operators, who include representatives of industry associations, managers of oil companies and many independent operators.
Some of the twenty-five scheduled conference sessions are aimed at independent entrepreneurs and will be seeking to provide information that may facilitate organisational choices.
Industry / EUR / AMEA / AMER
Published By McLean Events, Conferences & Media
McLean Events, Conferences & Media Ltd., Suite 4, Maple Place, Bedford, MK1 9BB, +44 1234 954201

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
namespace Microsoft.Azure.Management.ResourceManager.Fluent
{
    using Core;
    using Microsoft.Azure;

    /// <summary>
    /// Implementations of this interface defines how to create a connector.
    ///
    /// @param <T> the type of the connector to create.
    /// </summary>
    public interface IBuilder<T>
    {
        T Create(RestClient restClient, string subscriptionId, IResourceGroup resourceGroup);

    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Defines a connector that connects other resources to a resource group.
    /// Implementations of this class can let users browse resources inside a
    /// specific resource group.
    /// </summary>
    public interface IResourceConnector
    {
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


All sports and their subsequent positions demand more speed than a decade ago. The games have favored schemes with faster tempos, often times even supported by the leagues themselves by installing shorter play clocks or the MLB's upcoming vote to install a pitch clock for the first time. What is left for the athlete and coach is an acceptance of this relatively new game where speed beats strength.
Perhaps the best example are outside linebackers who have transitioned to inside linebackers. For example, Clay Matthews intentionally and successfully transitioned from outside linebacker to play inside linebacker, formerly known to be a larger, contact driven position where running in the open field was less of a priority.
We must be careful however, because the two aspects of strength and speed cannot be separated so easily; a critical component of speed is the ability to create force, the definition of strength. Speed in essence is the skill of the particular measured movement and the ability to apply that force in the desired direction. So the real puzzle is deciding how much strength is enough for you or your athletes to maximize their speed. This puzzle is where a database is helpful to provide context to such a dilemma. To know how much strength is too much we must evaluate two things; how closely the athlete reflects the profile found in the most successful individuals at the position, and secondly, how the athlete relates overall to his gender.
Two years ago, we started to notice the different force profiles as NFL teams began using force plates for the draft, evaluating heaps of players in a sport that is renown for specialization amongst positions, as well as situations. For example, a longer 3rd down often calls for players that excel more in the open field for pass coverage.
Looking at the bar graphs, we noticed that these "coverage" athletes tended to have a Sparta signature of more on the right. Upon further investigation, the athletes who excelled more in tight spaces (i.e. contact) possessed a descending movement pattern shown on the left. The linebackers on the left were described by NFL scouts as better at the point of contact, whereas the right linebackers were valued for the pass coverage abilities.
So linebackers that excelled at coverage possessed a Sparta Signature where LOAD and EXPLODE were flipped; that initial force generation of LOAD was used to "feed" the ability to move quicker and run faster, attributes found in athletes with a higher EXPLODE. This more reactive type of signature has become considerably more frequent in all sports, but particularly football due to the increased use of spread offenses, more athletic tight ends, and increased number of snaps in a given game (faster tempos).
The first goal is to promote such a switch in sequencing of the Sparta Signature. An athlete with a descending signature, where LOAD dominates, should be cautious adding more squats as they have been proven to boost LOAD. EXPLODE has been proven to be boosted by bracing dominant or faster movements such as Deadlift and Clean. The database provides the numbers to each force plate variable to compare their magnitude, but also the numbers provide the answer to the second question of how much is too much.
These force plate variables are reliable so any change in the T score is reliable (scores all above .80), leaving the remaining question of what is a meaningful change on their performance or health. When an athlete drops below a T score of 45 or possesses force variables more than 15 above or below the others, that imbalance poses an injury risk that is meaningful. For example, a Sparta signature of 51-58-45 changing to 49-61-46 is not a meaningful change for concern due to values being above the absolute threshold (anything below 45?) and a minimal relative difference (anything above/below 15?). However, a change to 44-56-45 poses a risk and more strength (LOAD) is needed.
So once their force is flipped, keeping that healthy balance helps make sure the athletes evolve to fit the game.


As you can see from the picture above there is a big emphasis on the curve of the screen that the blue line exaggerates.
On closer inspection the curve would be very similar to the Nexus S.
We can also see three gold pins on the side of the phone which would suggest they are readying docks for the phone also.
This is likely to be the first Ice Cream Sandwich Android phone.
The launch event is penciled in for October 11 at the Unpacked 2011 event.
We'll watch with interest and see what Samsung and Google come up with. Will they take the opportunity left open for them and push something "magical" out?
Next ArticleHitler's not happy with the new iPhone 4S!


text:
El Castillo San José (también denominado Castillo Blanco o del Rosario) fue un fuerte español construido durante la colonia en la ciudad de Valparaíso en la región homónima. El castillo se construyó entre 1682 y 1692 a petición del entonces Gobernador de Chile José de Garro, de ahí su nombre. Parcialmente destruido en el terremoto del año 1730, se decide su demolición tras sufrir daños irreparables en el terremoto de 1822.

Historia
Entre los años 1519 y 1615 corsarios y piratas ingleses saqueaban y destruían la ciudad de Valparaíso. A raíz de esto se construyeron varios fuertes y estructuras militares para proteger la ciudad. En ese contexto, el entonces Gobernador de Chile José de Garro ordena la construcción del Castillo San José en el cerro Cordillera. La construcción comenzó en 1682 según algunas fuentes y 1687 según otras. En cualquier caso la edificación del castillo termina en 1692. Aquel emplazamiento se convirtió en la residencia de los gobernadores de Valparaíso.

El 7 de junio de 1730 un terremoto afectó la ciudad de Valparaíso. El Castillo San José sufrió daños, los que se agravaron luego de los terremotos de Copiapó de 1822, que lo deja en situación ruinosa y sin posibilidades de reconstrucción. Tras su demolición, sus terrenos se dividieron en 18 predios que fueron subastados en 1840. Uno de los compradores fue John Mouat, relojero de origen escocés, quien construye ahí entre los años 1840 y 1842 su casa familiar donde instala el primer observatorio astronómico de Chile (operativo desde 1843). En 1963 el inmueble fue declarada Monumento Histórico Nacional, gracias a las gestiones de los poetas Sara Vial y Pablo Neruda, denominándolo erróneamente Castillo San José.

La casa resistió los terremotos de 1906, 1927, 1965, 1971 y 1985, sin embargo, en el de 1971 algunos de sus muros se dañaron y terminaron desplomados para el de 1985. Luego de ser parcialmente restaurada, esta albergó al Museo del Mar o Museo Cochrane.

Referencias

Véase también
 Monumentos nacionales de la Región de Valparaíso
 Anexo:Expediciones a Chile hostiles a España durante la colonia

Enlaces externos
ID:760 Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales (Chile)

Monumentos Históricos de la Región de Valparaíso
San Jose
Arquitectura de Valparaíso
Arquitectura de 1692
Fortificaciones coloniales de Chile


text:
10 Famous Celebrities Without Cell Phones
Updated on October 30, 2012
Kathryn Vercillo
Vince Vaughan
The average person can't imagine life without a cell phone these days. But what if you're a superstar celebrity? If you have the money to afford a horde of personal assistants who can take messages for you and deal with the details of your daily life then you might not need a cell phone. Sure there are some celebrities out there who love their mobile phones (Beyonce and Beckham come to mind) but there are also a lot of famous people who just don't see the need to carry a cell phone. After all, these are people that spend a large percentage of their lives trying to get away from the people who are trying to get a hold of them.
According to a report by Forbes on the use of technology (or lack thereof) by the stars, these following celebrities don't bother much with the use of the cell phone:
1. Vince Vaughn
The actor revealed on MTV last year that he just doesn't do cell phones. When asked what the reason was for his distaste of the mobile phone, he revealed that it's really just a distaste for the idea that people can get in touch with him whenever they want to. He doesn't mind using a mobile phone when he wants to call someone; he'll just borrow a buddy's if the need arises. But he's got no interest in carrying a phone of his own because he would prefer it if people couldn't get in touch with him. Basically, he likes the ability to get in touch with others but he's not all that interested in the reverse situation.
2. Tom Cruise
Well it's of little surprise that this crazy actor doesn't want anything to do with technology especially since he's linked with longtime involvement in the Church of Scientology. A man that has such important things on his mind doesn't need to be rooted in the reality of the world by a cell phone. He's not totally against cell phones, though. He's been known to give them as gifts to other stars like Dakota Fanning.
3. Elton John
The famous singer has been around creating his art for a long time and there are a lot of days when he wishes that he could go back to the past. He loathes all forms of advanced technology and that includes cell phones which he most certainly doesn't use. He's gone so far as to suggest a temporary multi-year global ban on the use of the Internet so it's a safe bet to assume that he's not excited about the advancing technology that allows for mobile broadband use.
4. Christopher Walken
This is another celebrity that prefers life in a simpler time, at least when it comes to the use of technology. He's well-known as a celebrity that doesn't have a cell phone and doesn't ever desire to have one. When you've got fifty years of movie-making behind you, you've also got people to take of your calls for you.
5. David Sedaris
This writer is known for his sense of humor and one topic that he's been funny about is the prevalence of cell phones in society today. Sedaris himself doesn't own a mobile phone. He does have a landline phone but he keeps it simple and avoids common phone services like call waiting. He's also one of those celebrities that doesn't bother with email.
6. Tyra Banks
She has her own television talk show and she's known as the real star of America's Next Top Model but don't expect to reach this famous lady on her BlackBerry these days. She used to have one and she admits that she loved it but then she found herself on the thing all of the time. This caused her to actually develop physical problems caused by the pain of repetitive strain from overuse of the smart phone. She's not a total avoider of the mobile phone but she now prefers pen and paper to the use of the BlackBerry.
7. Dave Grohl
This Foo Fighters singer is also a BlackBerry owner who really doesn't use the phone much. He'll go so far as to place calls through the smartphone but he's not interested in taking advantage of the advanced phone features that are available to him on this expensive wireless gadget. He'd just rather not bother with those complicated things. So, he's another celebrity who is willing to use the mobile phone but only in limited form.
8. Simon Cowell
The British man who was made famous by his role as judge on American Idol is reportedly not a big fan of the cell phone. He'll use one. He even owns one. But reports indicate that it's a super simple model that he doesn't use all that often.
9. Casey Affleck
Sometimes the mobile phone addiction can outweigh a celebrity's desire to do without a cell phone. That was the case for this actor who decided to toss his cell phone into a river one day. The reason that he cited was because he is highly conscious about his health and had fears that the mobile phone is a cancer-causing machine. Never mind that studies have consistently proven that the mobile phone is probably not linked with an incidence of cancer. Affleck must've decided that there was some validity to those rumors because he decided that he couldn't be without a cell phone and ended up going to get another one. However, he tries to keep his use of the mobile phone to a minimum.
10. Sarah Jessica Parker
Okay, so the real Sarah Jessica Parker has no problem using modern cell phones. However, if you were one of the many people who flocked to see her latest movie, Sex in the City, you know that it featured attention to the lack of interest she has in modern mobile phones. The movie showed her using standard mobile phone technology without a problem but avidly avoiding use of the modern iPhone because she just wasn't that technologically advanced. Parker may be fine with the cell phone but her most famous character, Carrie Bradshaw, will stick to the simplest technology.
DOOGEE X10, Unlocked Cell Phones - Dual Sim Smartphone with 5.0" IPS Display - Android 6.0-8GB ROM - 2MP+5MP Dual Camera - 3360mAh Battery - GSM Unlocked Phone International - Silver(no ads)
The Top 16 Celebrity Cell Phone Scandals
Reasons some celebrities may not want to keep using cell phones!
Celebrity Cell Phones at The Insider
Celebrity Cell Phones
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Celebrities and their favorite cell phones.
Celebrity Tech Gadgets - Celebrity Cell Phone & PDAs - Seventeen.com
What tech gadgets do your favorite celebrities use?
Celebrity cell phones - CNET reviews
CNET editors show you cell phones that the stars use.
The Celebrities Weblog: Celebrity Cell Phones
Everyone has a cell phone these days, even I do. Well, OK, it actually belongs to my wife, but
Celebrities Mobile Squeeze - Forbes.com
BlackBerrys, iPhones, LGs--oh my! Who's toting what gizmo this season.
Rich & Famous People
10 Famous Celebrities Who Went to College Online
by John Hollywood10
7 Awesome Mobile Phone Artists and Favorite Art Projects
by Kathryn Vercillo18
How to Become a Cell Phone Tester Before They're Released to the Public
The Positive and Negative Sides of Using Cell Phones for Teaching and Instruction in the Classroom
by Donna Hilbrandt45
Cell and Mobile Phone Uses; Wacky, Weird and Wonderful
by Suzanne Ridgeway34
Horror & Monster Movies
Fulci's "City of the Living Dead" Review
by Sam Shepards2
Action & Adventure Films
My 'John Wick: Chapter 3' Movie Review
by Michael Truluck0
My 'Men in Black: International' Movie Review
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A powerful share, I just given this onto a coglealue who was doing just a little evaluation on this. And he in actual fact bought me breakfast because I found it for him.. smile. So let me reword that: Thnx for the treat! But yeah Thnkx for spending the time to discuss this, I really feel strongly about it and love studying more on this topic. If potential, as you turn into experience, would you mind updating your weblog with extra details? It's extremely helpful for me. Big thumb up for this blog post!
Daniel netherlands
haven't had a cellphone in almost 15 years now (im 30)
Reasons: they ruin social relations and make them a shallow time-killing thing, take away inner peace, are hazardous to your health wich unlike this article states saying 'that it had been consistently proven not to' actually has plenty of scientific studies stating the opposite that they áre hazardous. They are also hazardous to public safety as people refuse to mind their surroundings, are a blockade to personal interaction and a freudian thing to behold on mass, almost like a zombie movie..
7 years ago from British Columbia, Canada
Great topic and well written too. I linked this hub to my latest hub about taking a break from cell phones (a funny one!). Thanks!
mjfarns
7 years ago from Bloomington, Illinois USA
A very unique topic!
scir91onYouTube
you forgot to add that russian billionaire owner of the brooklyn nets
iluvceleb
interesting list... At least I was updated with other details when it comes to Tom Cruise
InkyBinx
Jack Nicholson doesn't have a cell phone either!
Tater2tot
10 years ago from ~~~
Wow! I most definitely can't imagine my life without my cell phone. I freak out if I think I have left it at home... I am in shock that anyone gets by without one. I use it for everything! I know it is sad... but it brings such joy to my life. Ha-ha. I love texting. I feel like it is bad for me like alcohol is for an alcoholic. It is so much easier than to have to call someone, without it, I couldn't call anyone because I can't memorize all those numbers!
ha-ha. Great hub. I am shocked and surprised but in a good way. I am most surprised about Casey Affleck because he is young.. Most younger people need a cell phone in everyday life.
Tayler!


Color plays an active role in people's lives. It attracts attention. It triggers emotions.
Color can influence decisions and behaviors.
Consistent use of color supports visual cohesion across our communications and leverages emotional resonance with our brand. When combined with photos of our people, places and work, color enhances the depth and increases the impact of our storytelling.
Scarlet and gray in combination are as well known as our name. They are our signature colors by which our audiences identify us as Ohio State.
Incorporate our signature colors into your materials to tap into that powerful recognition and connect with our brand. To ensure consistency and protect our signature colors, be sure to use the proper specifications above, and consider that a generous use of white allows our colors, and any others, to stand out.
Scarlet is powerful. It is bold. It is an integral part of our brand, which is why its presence is required on all Ohio State communications. A prominence of scarlet, however, is not always advisable.
Scarlet is a red, and red is one of the most visible colors. Why? Anthropologists believe we're hardwired to notice red as a survival instinct. Aside from black and white, red is the only color distinction found in every human language.
Physically, red focuses behind the retina, which forces the lens of your eye to become more convex to pull it forward; therefore, we perceive red areas as advancing. How scarlet is positioned in relation to other hues, however, makes a world of difference. On a black background, for example, scarlet glows and expands, while on a white background it appears more contained and crisp. Surrounded by orange and purple, scarlet is relatively lifeless.
Bottom line: in any design, a little scarlet goes a long way.
See the full, extended palette for correct uses of tints and shades of scarlet.
Since 1878, when a group of students chose our iconic signature colors, the Buckeye Nation has recognized scarlet and gray as Ohio State. We are a diverse institution, however, and we speak to vast and varied audience every day. Keeping those diverse communications in mind, a secondary palette has been carefully selected for versatility and compatibility with our iconic hues. This range of extended color options was chosen to complement the core university colors and provides units with the flexibility to distinguish themselves while building alignment and consistency.
These colors reflect the university's physical environment and work in concert with the primary colors. Whether selecting a single secondary color or many, scarlet and gray should always appear in a prominent way on any communication materials.
When choosing complementing blue tones, keep in mind our sensitivity at Ohio State to that particular color. Blue should never be visually dominant.
Use of tints and shades of the secondary palette colors provides countless options and variations. The colors provide both dominant and neutral choices to balance and complement scarlet and gray. Use this handy tool for finding the correct mixes for each of the tints and shades.
Picking the right colors for your message can be fun—but deciding on secondary colors can be challenging depending on the number of colors and intensities you choose. The three color groupings shown here can help you get started. The brand team is also available for counsel and assistance; email identity@osu.edu.
Not sure how to select the most relevant colors for your message? The university's brand team and your college communications office are happy to help.


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text:
Humphrey Owen Jones (20 de Fevereiro 1878 - 15 de Agosto 1912) foi um químico e alpinista galês.

Vida
Humphrey Jones nasceu em Goginan no Cardiganshire e fez estudos superiores na University College of Wales. Posteriormente estudou ciências naturais na Clare College (Cambridge) e fez o Mestrado em 1903 . A 1 de Agosto de 1912 casou-se com a colega Muriel Gwendolen Edwards que foi a primeira mulher a ser elegida como fellow da Universidade do país de Gales.

Químico
Durante mais de onze anos foi professor de universidade e fez mais de 60 publicações entre 1900 and 1912
. Como químico é membro da Royal Society

Alpinismo
Humphrey Owen Jones é desde 1907 reconhecido como um alpinista reconhecido na região da Snowdonia, País de Gales. Com Karl Blodig, Geoffrey Winthrop Young e o guia de montanha Josef Knubel vez algumas das primeira ascensão no Monte Branco A 9 de agosto de 1911 fez a aresta do Brouillard no Monte Branco pelo colo Émile Rey, com Karl Blodig e o guia Joseph Knubel .

Foi a 15 de Agosto de 1912 que durante a celebração do seu casamento teve um acidente na montanha onde morreu ele e a sua mulher aquando da ascensão da Agulha Preta de Peuterey .

Enquanto que membro do Alpine Club escreveu artigos relativos às suas escaladas

Ascensões
 1909 - Primeiro percurso da face sudoeste com Laurent Croux da Agulha Branca de Peuterey cujo pico noroeste ficou com o seu nome, é o chamado Pico Jones.
 1911 - Primeira ascensão pela aresta oeste das Grandes Jorasses com Geoffrey Winthrop Young e Joseph Knubel, a 14 Ago.

Montanhistas do Reino Unido
Membros da Royal Society
Mortes no montanhismo
Nascidos em 1878
Mortos em 1912


text:
Royal Canterlot Library
Tag Archives: author: Alphacat
Alphacat's "Brothers and Sisters"
Posted by RBDash47 in Features
author: Alphacat, slice of life
Today's story shows us what happens when the day meets the night.
[Slice of Life] • 64,160 words
When Princess Luna goes missing, Private Lucky Break knows there's more at work than a simple breach of court protocol.
For most, Hearth's Warming is an occasion to celebrate family and friends, a time for reflection and goodwill to all of Equestria's residents. But for two ponies, their relationship with the holiday is much more complicated.
Lucky, batpony soldier of the Night Guard, is assigned to escort Princess Luna to the grand reopening of her Night Court mere months after her return to Equestria. Everything goes well at first, until a visitor inadvertently offends the princess. Incensed, she cancels court and sends everypony away. However, when Lucky goes to offer comfort to a distraught Luna, she storms out.
Spurred on by an old wound buried deep in his heart, Lucky strives to mend a bond between sisters that feels all too familiar, and find the missing diarch before her grief consumes her.
FROM THE CURATORS: "OC" isn't a four-letter word, but you'd be forgiven for thinking so, the way some ponyfic aficionados use it. After all, most people reading fan fiction are looking for more quality time with their favorite characters from the show they love, not the random creations of their enthusiastic fellows. But today's feature shows how that can be an unfair judgment, with an almost-entirely original cast that's so well formed and integrated with Friendship Is Magic's canon world and characters, you can't help but become invested in their lives. "It feels so grounded in the Equestria we know from the show that I didn't really realize until after finishing that the only real canon characters are the princesses," said RBDash47 in his nomination.
The strong character work was a big selling point all around: "This is a story that thrives on the power of its characters," agreed Present Perfect. "I was drawn in by Celestia's quiet angst and the furor bubbling just under Luna's surface. Sticking it out, I was rewarded with a cast of memorable OCs gathered together in relationships in a way I've never seen depicted this strongly in fanfiction before." AugieDog had the same reaction, "echoing the points about the terrific bunch of OCs we get here. Lucky Break could have easily slipped into 'Marty Stu' territory, but the author prevents this by using the mechanics of cutie marks in quite a deft fashion."
The author's deft handiwork with taking canon elements from the show and running with them extended beyond clever cutie marks. For all their fan love, "batponies" make only a brief appearance in a single episode pulling Luna's chariot, and ever since there's been speculation whether or not they represented a fourth tribe of ponies, some clever Nightmare Night costumes for standard-issue pegasi, or something else. "Something I've not seen elsewhere," said RBDash47. "Batponies aren't a fourth tribe in addition to earth ponies, unicorns, and pegasi, but instead are simply the nocturnal version of pegasi, and we meet the earth pony and unicorn equivalents as well. The overall population of these 'nyctan' ponies is small and largely segregated, only recently returned to Equestria and almost exclusively active at night, so I can roll with never seeing them in the show." Present Perfect appreciated how the author played with the contrast between dayponies and nightponies. "I can't say I'm in a position to really comment on the nature of racism, at its core, but I felt like the mistrust and fear directed at the nyctan in this story was at the very least true to the setting. For all that this Equestria is a bit more like our world than like the show, this also fit, because there are so many real-world issues tackled head-on throughout it."
From top to bottom, this is a thoughtful, well-crafted novel, from the big picture—"the story's structure is ambitious," pointed out RBDash47, "with half of each chapter taking place in the present and half taking place in the past, allowing us to make inferences about past Lucky from future Lucky and vice-versa"—to the small—"the author even manages to handle the whole 'new kid gains an instant foe at school' thing in a way" that didn't make AugieDog want to gag, "something that's really hard to do."
Read on for our author interview, in which Alphacat discusses trusting your intuition, manipulating dualities, and the importance of revision.
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Christians of Basra and other parts of Iraq, have only their fellow, Western, Christians to blame for their losses in Iraq. For centuries Muslims, Jews and Christians lived in peace in the MidEast...far more peace than ever Jew, Protestant and Catholic lived in Europe.
This all changed when the Christians of Europe murdered their Jews to the point where no survivor felt like returning...and so the "need" for Israel was created, by the actions of Christians.....this was the beginning of the Muslim resentment of what was after all a European/Jewish colony placed on stolen Palestinian land....that started it....since then the western Christians have made things worse and worse until today when Christians of the MidEast have been forced into either the cemetery or into exile...none of this was initiated by Muslims yet they are given all the blame by western Christianity, the very people who actually caused it all.


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The Snow Joe Ultra SJ621 is suitable for clearing driveways, decks, sidewalks, and stairs, although you may need an extension cord to reach the sidewalks.
The blower is fitted with a useful 20Watt halogen light, so you can go out to deal with the snow even before sunrise and after sunset.
The snow blower from Snow Joe is very sturdily built, with a heavy grade steel 4 blade rotor and is sold with a full 2-year warranty. It requires little maintenance, unlike gas-powered snow blowers which need gas, oil, and tune-ups.
So, if you want a reasonably priced, light and yet powerful electric snow blower which you can easily maneuver, control the snow throwing height and angle, and which you can use in the dark – the Snow Joe Ultra SJ621 is our top recommendation for 2019.
The runner-up in our list is yet another snow thrower from Snow Joe. The Ultra SJ623E has an even more powerful motor than our top choice. With the 15 amp motor, you can effortlessly move as much as 720 lbs. of snow per minute.
This snow blower also has a durable heavy grade steel 4-blade rotor which will cut in 10 inches deep and 18 inches wide in the snow with each pass.
Thanks to its easy-glide wheels you can maneuver and turn the direction of the electric snow thrower very easily. The scraper blade fitted on its base will efficiently and safely scrape the snow from the ground without damaging the ground or surface of your deck, driveway or pavement.
The throwing chute is adjustable to 180 degrees, so you can always choose the direction where you want the snow to end up. The SJ623E can throw snow at up to 25 ft. away. You will also get an onboard cleaning tool, which you can use to clean up the chute if it gets jammed with snow.
The machine is started instantly with a push of a button and requires no special maintenance or expensive fuel and oil to operate seamlessly.
This electric snow blowing machine is perfect for clearing snow from large or mid-sized driveways or sidewalks.
The blower is ETL approved and is sold with a full 2-year warranty. It too has a useful light which will allow you to clean up your driveways or sidewalks even when it is dark outside.
This is most definitely one of the most powerful and sturdy electric snow blowers which we have tested this year, and is definitely worth every cent you will pay for it!
The WEN 5662 Snow Blaster is the best budget-friendly electric snow blower which we tested in 2019.
Available at an amazingly low price, this snow blowing machine can clear snow which is 7.8 inches deeps and 18 inches wide with each pass. Thanks to the 13.5 amp motor which spins the auger at 2,000 rpm, the blower can clear out up to 490 lbs. of snow per minute.
It throws the snow at up to 20 ft. away. The chute can be rotated up to 180 degrees, so you will always be in control of the direction of the snow being thrown.
It is a perfect alternative to a standard snow shovel, which will allow you to remove the snow from your deck, driveway or sidewalks quickly and effortlessly. The blower can easily handle light to medium snowfalls.
The WEN 5662 is lightweight (39 lbs.) and has 6-inch wheels and an onboard carrying handle which make it very portable and maneuverable. Its foldable body makes it very convenient and easy to store.
It has a nifty cable extension holder so that you can reach the end of the driveway and the sidewalk without hassle.
It is a very affordable electric powered snow blowing machine which is sold with a 2-year warranty.
With this reasonably priced snow blower from WEN, you can forget about the old rusty shovel and the sore muscles and sweat of having to clear up the snow in those cold winter mornings or evenings!
If you want to invest in a truly powerful electric snow blower which can handle serious quantities of snow, the Toro 38381 18 inch Power Curve snow blower is one of the best options available in 2019.
The machine can toss the snow at a distance of up to 30 ft.
Are you shopping for a lightweight, compact and yet powerful electric snow thrower? The Greenworks 20 inch 2600502 could be the best choice for you this year.
Do you need an electric snow blower which is safe to use on your beautiful hardwood deck? The PowerSmart DB5023 is a powerful blower which though is gentle on the surface being cleared.
It can through snow away at up to 30 ft.
The unit weighs only 37 lbs.
Do you need a snow blowing machine which you can easily use pre-dawn or at night? The Snow Joe Ultra SJ625E will make this task very easy for you!
For those of you who don't want to deal with tangled cords, we strongly recommend the cordless PowerSmart DB2401 snow blower.
It is very compact and weighs less than 19 lbs.
If you want a cordless and yet powerful snow blower to help you clean up the snow from your driveway or patio without too much fuss and hassle, the EGO Power+ snow blower could be the best option you will find in 2019.
Adjustable speed of the auger will help you control the distance of the snow being thrown which can reach up to 35 ft.
Do you need a compact snow blowing machine, which you can easily store and use for cleaning up your mid-sized driveway from the snow? The Snow Joe Ultra SJ620 is an excellent choice to invest in this year.
The machine can throw the snow at up to 20 ft.
Why do you need an electric snow blower?
Of course, you can go on using a snow shovel to clear out your deck, patio, driveway, and sidewalks from the snow, but if you want to save time and energy and put them into use for something more enjoyable, you should definitely consider buying an electric snow blowing machine this year.
A good snow throwing machine should be able to help you clean up and move all of the snow from your property so that you can get your car out, walk in and out and also be in compliance with your state and county laws for keeping the sidewalks clean very quickly and efficiently.
You won't end up with a sore back and arms once you are done cleaning with a machine like this.
Although they may seem very similar, the different electric snow blowing machines in our list are quite different, so make sure you read our brief reviews and look for the best one for your needs. Here are the main features to keep in mind when you are choosing the best electric powered snow moving machine.
Keep in mind that electric snow blowing machines are suitable for smaller properties with light to medium snowfall. If you are going to use the machine for cleaning your wooden deck, then make sure that it has protective rubber tipped augers, so that you keep your hardwood floor safe from damage.
If you get a snowfall of a few inches to a few feet, you will need a machine which has a more powerful motor, especially if the snow is packed and wet. The powerful electric snow blowers from our list are capable of chowing down all kind of light to medium snow and clear it out efficiently and quickly.
If you only get light dust in the winter season, then it is more reasonable to get a lighter cleaning tool, such as a handheld snow blower for your needs.
As for large properties and areas with heavy snowfall, you may want to invest in a more powerful gas powered snow blower, which can handle serious volumes of snow and clean out large areas without a problem.
All of the snow blowers on our list are single stage, which means that they use a single auger to pick up the snow and push it out into the air through the chute.
Two-stage snow blowers have an auger which picks up the snow, and also an impeller which pushes it through the chute.
Single-stage snow blowing machines are much cheaper, uncomplicated and lighter than double stage ones.
On the other hand, double stage snow cleaning machines are more powerful and can throw the snow further away, and they can be used on dirt or gravel surfaces without the risk of gravel or other particles being thrown out with the snow.
This is definitely the most important factor to keep in mind when shopping for an electric snow blower. The power of the motor is listed in amps, and the range among our favorite picks for 2019 is from 13 to 15 amps.
The more powerful the motor, the faster the machine will clean up the snow and blow it further away. We have chosen snow blowers which can clean up to 800 lbs. of snow per minute.
This is the width and depth which the machine will clean per one pass. Some of our top choices for the best snow blowers for 2019 can capture up to 18 inches in width and up to 13 inches of snow in depth per one pass of the machine.
So, make sure you pick a machine which will be most time saving and efficient for the area you will be clearing and for the snow volumes which you usually get in the winter season.
Overall, electric snow blowers are lightweight snow clearing machines, especially when compared to gas-powered ones. The corded electric snow throwers are lighter than the ones which are powered by batteries in most cases.
Make sure you get a snowblower which you can carry, maneuver and store easily, but that it is heavy enough to plow into the snow.
Again, the larger deck height and width is – the more snow you can cut through and move in a single pass. But ensure that you get a snow moving machine which will fit in your allotted storage space, and which you can easily maneuver in the area you need to clean from the snow. There are very compact snow blowers on our list which you can easily carry and store without any effort.
The chute is the part where the snow gets discharged from. You should look for a snow blower which has a chute that can be turned in different directions and which can be adjusted by angle and height if you want to make sure that you get the snow thrown where you want it to, instead of just being moved randomly.
For a better peace of mind, go for a snow blower which is sold with a longer warranty. The ones we have picked for you come with warranties ranging from 1 up to 4 years, with the most commonly offered warranty being 2 years.
Buying an electric snow blower will save you so much time, effort and energy that you will be extremely happy with your purchase from the first minute of starting to use it to clean out the snow from your premises.
You can say goodbye to the back pain, the sore arms and hands and the long and tedious hours of manually cleaning the snow from your sidewalks, driveway, stairs, patio or deck with one of these easy to use inexpensive and highly efficient snow cleaning tools.
So, why not present yourself with the best gift for this upcoming winter season, and rest assured that cleaning the snow will become one of the easiest, fastest and painless tasks you will have to do all winter.
Good luck with your purchase, and enjoy the ease and satisfaction of getting all of the snow out of the way in a matter of minutes with one of these splendid electric powered snow cleaning machines!


7th February 2018 Happy Rose Day Facebook Status WhatsApp Lines Quotes Thoughts for Girlfriend Boyfriend Husband Wife BF GF In Hindi English Punjabi Marathi telugu Tamil Gujarati Marathi Kannada language.
Rose day 2018 Quotes Status Lines Thoughts for FB GF BF : Hey allies, Happy Rose day 2018 in advance for you. Here in this article, I am going to present happy Rose day quotes for Facebook message to friends. Rose day is observed on very first day of valentine's day. So make a good image on the first day. Impress the girl by sending Rose day english quotes with best picture. Here you can find all the hand picked wishes for rose day 2018. Make sure while sharing quotes you must be romantic. As we all know this is day of love. It is good to give roses to make a healthy relationship. You can share these message of rose day to your friends too. Now check out my collection.
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Happy Rose Day To My Love .
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If you're looking for other versions of the map, you might want to check Recurring maps#Hydro.
"The canals of the Alluvion river are gated by this Axon hydro-facility, which serves as an emergency power backup and Tarydium processing plant. Destroying the plant would put serious stress on Axon energy production, but capturing it would mean diverting those essential resources for Izanagi use."
CTF-Hydrosis (whose full name is Hydrosis) is a map appearing in Unreal Tournament 3 .
A straightforward remake of CTF-Hydro16. Yet, there are some changes. For example, there are three ways to get the flag now: the common one, where you have to pass below the Shield Belt to reach the flag, and two new, riskier ones, where you come from the 8-shaped area or the 2-shaped one, and you enter to a conduct which leaves you just in the flag area. Another difference can be found in the middle area, where the bridges have some cover from the snipers.
We have the Bridges. Like in the original, these are the only connections between each bases that don't involve the Translocator, and are above a river of deadly water. New to Hydrosis, two pillars offer cover from enemy snipers when attacking or returning with the flag.
Next we have the Blue/Red Sniper Nest, covering the area of the Bridges and which can be accessed either by the lateral windows or by the rear entrance. New to Hydrosis is the openness of the Nest right before the Sniper Rifle, and the fact that you can enter from a series of ramps.
The Blue/Red Courtyard serves as each base's entrance area.
The Blue/Red Treatment Plant is the S-shaped room which serves as the southeast (Red) or northwest (Blue) connections between the team's courtyard and the Flag Base.
The Blue/Red Engine Room is the 8-shaped room which is connected to the flag base and to the Courtyard via a small vent. It's also connected to the Shock Rifle room by way of an S-shaped passage.
The Blue/Red Shock room holds the eponymous gun and connects the Courtyard with the Engine Room.
Of course, there are the Blue/Red Flag Base, and the Blue/Red Pillar Passage (or Red/Blue Pipe Zone) above them.
Weapon: 1x Red Flag Base, in front of the vent escape. 1x Blue Flag Base, in front of the vent escape.
Ammo: 2x Near the Red side weapon. 2x Near the Blue side weapon.
Weapon: 1x Blue Shock Room, at a corner. 1x Red Shock Room, at a corner.
Weapon: 1x Red corner between the Flag Base and the Engine Room. 1x Blue corner between the Flag Base and the Engine Room.
Weapon: 1x Blue spawn ledge overlooking the flag base. 1x Red spawn ledge overlooking the flag base.
Weapon: 1x Blue Engine Room, near the vent. 1x Red Engine Room, near the vent.
Weapon: 1x Red Water Treatment Room, on top of one of the pumps. 1x Blue Water Treatment Room, on top of one of the pumps.
Ammo: 1x Red Water Treatment Room, on top of the other pump. 1x Blue Water Treatment Room, on top of the other pump.
Weapon: 1x Blue Sniper's Nest. 1x Red Sniper's Nest. 1x Blue Courtyard. 1x Red Courtyard.
Ammo: 2x Near the Blue side's Sniper Nest weapon. 2x Near the Red side's Sniper Nest weapon. 2x Near the Blue side's Courtyard weapon. 2x Near the Red side's Courtyard weapon.
6x Red Water Treatment Room, at the Rocket Ammo pump. 6x Blue Water Treatment Room, at the Rocket Ammo pump. 4x Between the Red team letter and the Red Sniper Nest. 4x Between the Blue team letter and the Blue Sniper Nest. 6x Blue Engine Room, near the Armor Vest. 6x Red Engine Room, near the Armor Vest.
2x Blue Water Treatment Room, near the entrance to the Courtyard. 2x Red Water Treatment Room, near the entrance to the Courtyard. 2x Blue Flag Base, at a corner near the Link Gun. 2x Red Flag Base, at a corner near the Link Gun.
1x Red Shock Room, behind some crates. 1x Blue Shock Room, behind some crates.
1x Blue Engine Room, center. 1x Red Engine Room, center.
1x Red Pipe Zone, atop the highest pipe. 1x Blue Pipe Zone, atop the highest pipe.
The central bridge area has several dangerous sniping positions.
Protect the FLaG carrier to ensure their safe return.
"The canals of the Alluvion are gated by this Axon hydro-facility which serves as an emergency power backup and tarydium processing plant. The facility would be a vital point in our supply chain if Izanagi could take control, and would likely put enough stress on Axon production levels that they might collapse under the increased workload."
The long open bridges, limited escape routes and higher number of bots means you're guaranteed to be shot at. The strategy for this map will be identical to the strategy for the second part later on this page, except that in this case the extra bot makes things harder, not easier. The enemy's extra bot will be guarding their flag. He always stands near the entrance on the bio-rifle side, although sometimes he lingers near the minigun after respawning. The extra bot means it's harder to even get -to- the flag, much less all the way back out with it, so it's kind of hit-and-miss.
There are two main roads to and from the bases and a long narrow central courtyard between them, connected by a series of narrow bridges which span a chasm. Obviously, falling off the bridge is fatal. There are buildings on either side of the chasm which serve both as sniper bunkers and as medians to keep the two paths from the bases mostly separated. You can run between the chasm and the bunkers for a 'change up' but I find that dangerous and wasteful. If you don't have the flag, you can also translocate through the window of the bunker rather than run across the exposed bridge. The bots can (and will) do that as well.
There are two paths, left and right, which will take you through separate routes before connecting in the middle (the flag room). The left path is shorter and generally less confusing, while the right path provides better cover, armor powerups, and a little bit of obscurity. The first room on the left path is a winding room with generators. There is health to the left of the door, and a few vials up on top of the first generator. There is a rocket launcher on top of the second generator. Beyond that room is a hallway that leads to the Bio Rifle and immediately past that, the enemy flag room with a stinger minigun on the ledge above the door and more health by the door opposite. Beyond that, there is another hallway which leads to the Link Gun, which in turn leads to another room. This room has the Body Armor in the center, and the Flak Cannon along the wall. It's easy to get turned around here, because the exit to the room is on the same wall you entered through. Once you know your way around, a dodge\translocate and a couple sharp turns will take you through this room before the bots have time to focus on you. Past that room is a small hallway which leads to the last room - the entrance to the 'right path' - which spawns the Shock rifle and the Armored Helmet.
On the left path, there is health right by the entrance - or exit - to the base, but if you already need health when you're first entering the base, or if you're low enough that it makes a difference when you're leaving, there is a good chance you'll die in the long courtyard anyway, and either way you're likely to be exposed to further damage for a while before you find more. The left path also has easy translocator shortcuts that you cannot use while carrying the flag, meaning the bots will have an easier time catching you should you attempt to exit along that route. The right path, on the other hand, can use the winding corridors to provide cover fire from the enemies for almost half of the journey, provides armor pickups to keep you shielded *and* has health inside the enemy flag room when you arrive (or to top off your health before the escape attempt). The biggest downside to this route is that you can get ambushed in the corridors.
There are a couple 'secrets' on this level. Between the left & right path, immediately behind the entrance to the sniper bunkers near where the sniper rifle spawns, there is a ventilation shaft in the 'ceiling' which you can throw your translocator into. This will take you into the Flak\Armor room and bypass the Shock\Helmet room. On the wall behind the Bio Rifle, there is an access hatch which turns into the enemy Flag, allowing you to enter from 'behind enemy lines.' It's not incredibly useful, but the bots will use this. Finally - and this is the game winner - there is a Shield belt above the Stinger platform in either team's flag room. The stinger platform 'loops around' for no obvious reason, but if you look up there is a pipe running along the ceiling. If you translocate onto that, you'll find the shield belt. If it's already been taken, you can also wait there safely for it to respawn.
You can get the shield belt in the red base and use it to get inside the blue base, stock up on health and replace the broken shield, and then grab the flag and make an escape with 100/100. If you take the right path, you can sometimes grab an Armor Vest and\or Helmet on your way out. This factor alone should allow you to make it outside and to the first bridge, where your team can (possibly) pick up where you left off if you die. Another useful trick is to use the Bio Rifle alt fire to clear the hallways if anyone tries to ambush you. A lot of people dislike the Bio Rifle, but in situations like this it can be more useful than the Flak Cannon. Quickly 'Zigzagging' is also a must, since it reduces the enemy accuracy by about 60%. If you're still having trouble with this, you can linger in your own base collecting the health vials on top of the generators, the armor helmet, vest, and belt until you're 175/199. That should give you enough energy to get into the blue base and replace your shield before attempting the capture. The 175 shield should get you outside, and the extra 99 health might help getting across the bridge.
After the first mission you have another choice: WAR-Torlan or vCTF-Suspense? This is another defense\offence choice, the same as the last one. Now that you've attacked Axon, do you want to fortify your gains or push deeper into Axon territory? Suspense is the last bridge defending Oxida Nova, so if you take that you'll be within striking distance of their capital. Since you're already committed to attacking the Axon, attempting to turn around now leads to some of the hardest missions in the campaign. If you were going to take the Torlan Delta, you should have done it before you moved in hard against the Axon.
Get the Shield Belt ASAP. And the Helmet as well. And master the Translocator. Otherwise, you'll be easy pick for the enemy snipers.
With the new changes, you have plenty of spots for your defence needs. In online games, coordinate with your team to pick up the best spots.
The map features a "FlyBy" sequence, which can be accessed in the editor.


"The RSPCA is now appealing to the shooting community for information. I am angry that someone dumped these chicks to die. It was extremely distressing to open the boxes and find that most of the chicks had been overcome by the heat," he said.


My love for the outdoors has been engrained in me since before I could remember walking. Watching flocks of mallards fall into bottomland timber holes is my absolute passion and obsession. Being a land specialist to me is not a job; it is an absolute lifestyle and passion. I would love to help anyone and everyone turn their dreams of land ownership into reality, and to create the same memories I have with their own friends and family.
I love to cook, and would like to write a southern wild game cookbook.


Joel Pollak was personally recruited by the late Andrew Breitbart (pictured) to join his then burgeoning media empire and today is senior editor-at-large at Breitbart.com.
In the latest episode of The Jamie Weinstein Show, Pollak opens up about his thoughts on President Trump's first year in office, what he believes Breitbart's role is in the current media ecosphere, how he defends the website from its conservative and liberal critics and how he would fix America if he were emperor for a day, among many other topics.
Has Trump delivered for the populist nationalist agenda?
When exactly did Pollak become a Trump supporter?
Is Pollak being considered for Ambassador to South Africa?
Does Pollak have any concerns about Trump?
What is Breitbart's role in the media?
Why does Matt Drudge seem to dislike Steve Bannon?
What would Andrew Breitbart think of Breitbart today?


text:
Reclaiming the distinctive gifts of a small church
Davids L. Odom | Faith & Leadership
Small-membership congregations are often worried about the future. They struggle to get visitors to join them in worship. Those that do attend come only occasionally. The cost of maintenance, salaries, benefits and more is ever-rising. The children of the congregation grow up and join the fast-growing big churches.
Data from the National Congregations Study (link is external) indicates that the majority of small churches are feeling this pinch.
Between 1998 and 2012, the number of regular participants, both adults and children, in the average congregation decreased from 80 to 70. The study confirms the suspicion of many small-membership church leaders that since 1998, more and more people are gravitating to larger congregations. In the 2012 study, half of all church attenders go to a congregation of more than 400 in regular participation, with an annual budget of $450,000. But such large-membership congregations represent only 7 percent of all American congregations.
What are the leaders of struggling small-membership congregations to do?
First, remember the distinctive gift of being a small church.
I first heard this idea in the first edition of Anthony Pappas' classic Alban Institute text "Entering the World of the Small Church(link is external)." In small-membership congregations, Christians are formed through relationships. The children learn by being with the saints of the church. The classes and programs are more like back-porch conversations. Relationships are important in any church, but their formational power is the central, defining characteristic of the small church.
During the 1950s, the culture in the United States created conditions in which congregations grew quickly and were able to build buildings, hire full-time pastors, add other pastors and staff, start programs, and more. Denominations blessed all this activity and urged small churches to become big ones. Often, churches were counseled to hire the staff first and reassured that the members would follow. As a result, small congregations began to do and do and do. Even in the boom days, such churches struggled to fill all the volunteer jobs the programs created.
Today, there are few places in the United States that continue to support the conditions for small-membership churches to act like big churches. Most of us live in communities where congregations are ignored, unless the congregation is very large. Visitors don't come to the doors of most churches. Neighbors don't welcome visits by church members inviting them to services. A system designed for the 1950s does not work for congregations or their communities any longer.
Small-membership congregations have the opportunity to return to the basics by asking themselves some crucial questions.
What activities are most meaningful to those who attend? What activities nurture the life of the congregation? What do members do that invites a deeper love of God and neighbor? What would be required to focus more intentional energy on those things? What could be eliminated to provide more opportunity to invest in them?
A second set of questions is equally important. What is that one thing the church does that makes a distinctive witness to those outside the congregation? Why is this a distinctive witness? Who are the people it reaches, and how does it address their needs?
A church is not a social club, but it must engage the community outside its membership. Its purpose is to be a sign, a taste or an instrument of God's reign. Being Christian community for one another requires engaging with those outside the church.
Ideally, one of the congregation's most meaningful activities that nurtures its being is closely related to what it can offer to the community. For example, cutting firewood can be a ministry for home-bound members of the church as well as a witness and service to neighbors.
The purpose of the witness is not to recruit church members. It is to enact the message of God's grace and hope to a world that is not paying attention to God or God's congregations.
Of course, most congregations already do such acts of witness and service, but to make a difference at a scale that the acts can be noticed, small-membership congregations need to focus their energy on a particular project. Figuring out the focus and scale of activity can be challenging, but it is a way forward that does not depend on a pastor or a certain size building. It depends on relationships and the gifts of the members.
With that vision in mind, the church faces questions of what kind of staff, building and more that it needs to maintain a vibrant community life that also serves as a distinctive witness. This is new territory for most congregations, but one that is much more energizing than struggling to keep everything going in a survival mode.
Courtesy of www.faithandleadership.com.
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