I'VR Isabel Vollrath merges fashion and art. Dresses become sculptures and outfits resemble collages. Isabel Vollrath's designs transcend clothing, each piece is spun with a golden wit. Signature silhouettes are structural, abstract pieces that caress the female figure and express the designer's fierce passion for extraordinary textures and high-end details, while displaying her strong background in bespoke tailoring. The Berlin designer's narrative collections utilize unusual techniques and materials to tell rich stories, or communicate political statements. Mosaics, embroidery, prints, and pleating are all employed to express her poetic vision.
2015, as graduate of Berlin's prestigious Weißensee School of Art, she established her label I' VR ISABEL VOLLRATH. Ever since, she shows her collections twice a year during Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Berlin or in the context of Berlin Salon / Vogue Salon.
With "Retrospective19" she invites the visitor to follow an installative time travel and look upon from near to high-lights of her collections' archive.


Announcement We feature Candlestick Park (from over 25 years ago) and scenic nature (i.e. Fall Foliage) photographs. Our photos are real and not altered via any software application. We are excited about our Photo Magnet Pins where the magnet is removable. My wife loves matching the colors of the Magnet Pins with her clothes. We also are selling a smaller photo - 5x7 mounted on Canvas with a brushed stroke finish. This also has a detachable magnet. So the picture can also be attached to surfaces other than metal. Enjoy browsing!
My passion is to take and share my photographs with others. I do personally make each photo product gift by hand. I am designing photo products, so we can enjoy pictures not just on a typical wall, but in our day to day routine.
I hope my photographs can inspire good memories from places like Candlestick Park and also bring pleasure with scenes from Nature!
We feature Candlestick Park (from over 25 years ago) and scenic nature (i.e. Fall Foliage) photographs. Our photos are real and not altered via any software application. We are excited about our Photo Magnet Pins where the magnet is removable. My wife loves matching the colors of the Magnet Pins with her clothes. We also are selling a smaller photo - 5x7 mounted on Canvas with a brushed stroke finish. This also has a detachable magnet. So the picture can also be attached to surfaces other than metal. Enjoy browsing!
5x7 Photo Canvas Magnet - Great for an office gallery collection of Candlestick Park with SF Giants. Background is an actual seat!
The Canadian Fall Foliage Photo Show at the Manor House at Twin Pines in Belmont, California.
Candlestick Park Photo Show at Snappy's Cafe in Hayward, California.
Candlestick Park Photos at Snappy's Cafe in Hayward, California.
Candlestick Park Photo Show at Sports Basement in San Francisco, California.
I started in 2015 doing photo shows in the San Francisco Bay Area displaying Candlestick Park and Canadian Fall Foliage. In 2014, we went to visit my wife's relatives in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada which is on the border with Michigan. I was so blessed to see the full fall foliage in the array of colors only available during our week stay. My wife's cousins encouraged me to seek to display my photographs when I returned home.
Subsequently we found our first venue - Snappy's Cafe in Hayward, CA for March 2015. I did not want to show the fall foliage in the spring. The timing brought to my memory my huge collection of Candlestick Park photographs from over 25 years ago. I subsequently scanned the negatives to create digital files for printing. I have displayed my photographs is a variety of venues during 2015.
I also have been blogging my photography on http://untouchedtcphotos.com/ as well on Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and Pinterest.
My images are not altered via any software applications (other than removing dust specs from scanning negatives), and the colors are real. We love real photos with real colors. My shop name is based on my desire to share photographs that do not have to be altered to be better. My goal is to will help individuals to remember events (i.e. Candlestick Park memories) and appreciate the scenery or art in the photograph.
People in the San Francisco Bay Area love Candlestick Park and the wonderful memories of watching sports and sharing time together. My photographs also provide a different perspective of the stadium from the light standards to the classic field.
I also love taking scenic photographs and hope the images will provide a greater appreciation of our world's beauty.
We hope individuals will enjoy these real images.
Tony is a professional photographer who loves taking photographs. He does not "photoshop" his images other than to remove dust marks if he scans the negatives to make digital files. He loves real photographs with real colors.


I am excited to share that my follow-up story has been featured in Heidi BK Sloss' revised book, The Fortune is in the Follow-Up®!
A few months ago Heidi was looking for follow-up stories and I submitted mine. Throughout my business journey I have grown to realize how important a marketing plan is. In fact, I no longer have a business plan, I have replaced it with a marketing plan.
For me, I was always too busy to even think about marketing. Almost all of my business came by word of mouth. This was great but when there was a business lull, sitting around twiddling my thumbs wasn't going to pay the bills. I've always been super shy and Heidi's advice helps you realize how to market and grow your business.
Heidi's book has helped my thoughts on marketing evolve. I always thought marketing people were pushy sales folks and cringed at the thought of doing it myself. If you are looking for a smart marketing guide, this is it!
You can order the book via Heidi's Website.
I'd also love to hear how you are implementing the marketing side of your business. Leave me a comment below and I'll be sure and tweet your response!


text:
Q: Changing Default programs for a particular file type Another answer recommended "Right click on the .torrent file..." or "Firefox go to Edit > Preferences > Applications change default application for magnet"
What do I do if I can't find the .torrent file? Where does my system put these by default (as far as I know I haven't changed the default location)?
When I try to change the Firefox default application for magnet, I just get a file browser. Where do I point it? Where does Ubuntu store my programs, and what are their names? In Windows I'd look in "programs" for an .exe file with the same name as the program I want to use, what do I look for in Ubuntu?

A:
What do I do if I can't find the .torrent file?

I would check your downloads folder for the .torrent file. Unless you have changed it--which you would probably remember having done--this is the Downloadsfolder inside your home folder.
A .torrent file is not the same thing as a metalink. Although some BitTorrent programs support pasting in the URL of a .torrent file as though it were a metalink, a .torrent file is an actual file that can be downloaded to your computer and contains the important information about how to download a torrent.
Files you download in a web  browser are usually downloaded to the same location even if they are different types of file (unless you specified different locations at the time you downloaded each one). Thus the .torrent file is probably in the same folder that any other file you download in your web browser would end up in, which is typically your Downloadsfolder.

A: The default for magnet links is /usr/bin/transmission-gtk. Transmission stores torrent files in .config/transmission/torrents,
and, if you tell us what program you want to change it to, we might be able to help a little more.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Sometimes gamers want something to while away their time while falling in line for the ATM or at the supermarket, and it just doesn't feel right to be starting out with a campaign that will outlast the queue. Well, here's a game that can fulfill that requirement.
Diner Dash for the PSP involves making customers happy as you, the waiter (well, ok, waitress... wish we can change the character gender), ummm, waits on them. You can finish a segment of your shift in under 5 minutes.
The game is rather simple, actually. Just serve customers and make them happy. But is it that simple when the peak times arrive? It becomes a challenge when you have to seat the power lunch crowd who likes their peace and quiet with the celfone-yapping dudes and families with brawling kids. And then there's the food critic who would love to write about your service, be it a praise or a splash of cold reality.
Gaming is supposed to be a relaxing pasttime, but you will soon find yourself engrossed with Diner Dash, and hoping that the next round will have better tips.


It ѕhουld bе noted thаt аt thіѕ time thе demand fοr payday loans іѕ high аnd therefore more аrе thе online dealership thаt hаѕ bееn рυt up. Thіѕ mаkеѕ іt hard tο know thе rіght online lender οf payday loan thаt уου wіll work wіth. Thеrе аrе аlѕο many dealers thаt wіll еnd up іn deceiving уου аnd therefore іf уου аrе nοt kееn уου mау еnd up losing уουr money. Whеn уου аrе sourcing fοr a rіght payday loan lender іt іѕ supposed οf уου tο dο proper research ѕο thаt уου mау realize thе best dealership. Fοr уου tο realize thе best payday loan lender many аrе thе considerations thаt уου hаνе tο mаkе. Yου need tο comprehend іt іn уουr mind thаt thе online payday loan lender thаt уου еmрlοу wουld attribute οn thе success οf getting a loan. Thе following аrе ѕοmе οf thе considerations thаt уου need tο mаkе whеn уου аrе locating thе rіght online payday loan lender.
Thе first trait thаt уου ѕhουld thіnk οf whеn уου аrе picking thе top dealership offering online payday loan іѕ tο аѕk fοr recommendations. Yου ѕhουld seek more information frοm thе clients whο hаνе асqυіrеd payday loans. Thе lender οf payday loans thаt hаѕ a gοοd name іѕ thе one thаt уου need tο select. Similarly, уου need tο take time аnd visit thе internet tο look fοr more information аbουt thе reputable payday loan lender.
Experience іѕ another crucial aspect, whісh уου need tο look аt whеn sourcing fοr loan lenders. If уου want tο еnd up wіth thе best online payday loan lender mаkе аn effort οf analyzing thеіr skills. Yου need tο look fοr thе online payday loan lender thаt cares аbουt thе interests οf thе clients. Aѕ уου happen tο сhοοѕе аn experienced online payday loan lender, thеn уου wіll hаνе a guarantee thаt уου wіll gеt thе best services.
Accreditation οf thе online payday loan lender іѕ another consideration thаt уου ought tο mаkе аnу time уου аrе рlаnnіng tο асqυіrе a loan. Aѕ уου аrе locating thе top dealership offering online payday loan whеrе уου live try аѕ much аѕ possible tο contact thе dealer whο hаѕ a license. Amοng thе qυеѕtіοnѕ whісh уου ѕhουld аѕk whеn уου gеt аn interview wіth thе dealership offering online payday loan οf уουr сhοісе іѕ thе level οf certification thеу possess. Thе gοοd thing аbουt selecting thе dealership offering online payday loan thаt іѕ registered іѕ thаt уου wіll еnd up wіth a gοοd experience аѕ уου wіll hаνе a smooth process.


Vaseem first started working in the estate agency business in the late 1970's working with an independent estate agent.
Vaseem then worked his way up the ladder from estate agent to partner, associate and owner. This accumulated in over 35 years experience through the whole estate agency business. Experience is the best education, and Vaseem has a vast range of practical, hands-on skills which are a great asset to any estate agency.
Business owners, directors, associates and managers know the sheer hard work and true determination required to succeed in business, and Vaseem can offer value at the highest level for Estate Agents across the UK. This results in increased profits and ultimately an excellent ROI (return on investment) for Estate Agents.
His aim is always to excel and adhere to the best practices, which have been accumulated with over 30 years of industry experience. Using his own unique office systems, which many became standard procedures for leading Estate Agents nationwide.
Vaseem brings results to your business.
Today Vaseem is able to offer his expertise to any estate agents who are looking to increase their instructions, expand their team or looking for a short-term locum estate agent to cover staff during a tricky period.
This means that he can advise you on how to maximize profit and streamline unnecessary expenses. All training takes place in the subject's offices, where he will be dealing with live cases and will train with a real hands-on approach.
Training starts from 'Back to Basics' of 'How to Register an Applicant' right through to 'Progressing a Sale to Completion' and most importantly 'Training on Instructions'.
the areas you need the most help with. Contact us today to discuss how we can help you.


text:
EmmaBubbles
Live Fast, Die Fun!
Replies 1 - 10 of 11 Next › Last »
spa21788 wrote
at 5:36 PM, Wednesday November 7, 2012 EST
Whaaaaaaaaaaaaaat??!?!?!?!
TayBren13 wrote
at 5:03 AM, Thursday March 29, 2012 EDT
personguy wrote
at 7:50 PM, Thursday September 29, 2011 EDT
won't let me chat in there when i'm
ALL ALONE!!
so hit me up on the wall if you like.
i'll gladly hear some (not so great quality) live tracks!
while we're here, 2 non-vids :)
http://db.tt/CWZ3n4
http://db.tt/Oimu7X
(made for a gal i met at castlepalooza and never saw again.. but she was a really good singer..)
trying to find one that's not too embarassing ;)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkYSv6hpuZI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fahgK5Rcle8
vidshy :)
Crazy Smurf wrote
at 12:15 PM, Wednesday September 14, 2011 EDT
Can I live in your bubble?
at 7:50 AM, Tuesday August 23, 2011 EDT
ZRUV wrote
at 10:35 PM, Saturday July 2, 2011 EDT
nom nom nom :)
Gurgi wrote
at 11:10 AM, Monday June 20, 2011 EDT
I am writing on your wall cause i can.
YuxxyB wrote
at 7:49 AM, Monday March 28, 2011 EDT
Dude, Nade was right. There is absolutely no way I can fit under yer bed :/ Therefore, I'm pulling up next to ya under the covers *giggle snort*

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As of the second quarter, the industrial market has a 3.4 percent vacancy rate, with asking rent rates at about $4.60 per square foot in the Tulsa area.
Oklahoma City businesses will have satellite locations in the University of Oklahoma's new apartments in Norman.
The holiday shopping season was fruitful for local retailers, who reported sales were either above or on par with 2016 sales.
With new options and conveniences, there's never been a better time for shoppers. As for workers ... well, not always.
Developer Neal McGee wants residents to have a place to visit in the evenings and walk to different eateries, so he's building The District at Westbridge.
Edmondites are not alone in their chickenlust.
The Retail Liquor Association of Oklahoma could have the answer to its lawsuit over constitutional protections by this summer.
Industry Flea, an event featuring local craftsmen and vintage goods in a flea market-like environment, has moved to a biannual rotation this year.
There's at least one new grocery store coming to Oklahoma City's northeast corridor.
The Bartlesville Development Authority was created to recruit primary jobs to the city. It worked too well.


text:
\section{Introduction}
The first treatment of strong-field ionization of atoms by an alternating electric field was provided in a seminal work by Keldysh \cite{Keldysh65}, who introduced the strong-field approximation (SFA) in a nonrelativistic context. Shortly after, Nikishov and Ritus \cite{Nikishov66,Nikishov67} studied within Klein-Gordon theory the relativistic strong-field ionization of a spinless particle bound by short-range forces in the presence of an electromagnetic plane wave or constant crossed field (CCF). Later on, Reiss \cite{Reiss, Reiss2} generalized Keldysh's consideration to the relativistic regime by calculating, within Dirac theory, the ionization of a 1$s$ electron bound by Coulomb forces in a plane electromagnetic laser wave. In parallel with the SFA approaches, the Perelomov-Popov-Terentev (PPT) theory of strong-field ionization was developed \cite{PPT}. It relies on the imaginary-time method and allows for a relativistic generalization of Keldysh's ionization theory as well \cite{PPT2, Popov98, Popov2006}. Reviews on relativistic strong-field ionization
are given in \cite{ReissGM, Piazza, Krajewska}.\\
\\
Nowadays, it is possible by table-top devices to generate laser pulses with field intensities of the order of $10^{19}-10^{20}$ W/cm$^2$ in the optical or near-infrared frequency domain. The motion of a free electron exposed to such intense fields becomes relativistic within less than an oscillation cycle. Experiments on relativistic strong-field ionization of noble gas atoms have observed the formation of very high charge states with ionization down to the K shell \cite{X0,X,X12,X13}.\\
\\
The rich physics of strong-field ionization is correctly described by the SFA in a qualitative manner. In particular, depending on the value of the Keldysh parameter \cite{Keldysh65}, it properly distinguishes the regimes of multiphoton, above-threshold, and tunneling ionization. The method is also capable of describing  short laser-pulse effects \cite{Kylstra,Krajewska2}. However, to reach predictive power also in quantitative terms, it needs to be adjusted properly. In standard SFA, the ionized electron is described by the corresponding Volkov state, which takes the interaction
with the external electromagnetic (laser) field fully into account but disregards the influence of the atomic core potential on the electron dynamics during tunneling. Accordingly, a correction is needed to incorporate the Coulomb field effects. Corresponding correction factors have been obtained within the framework of the PPT theory \cite{PPT2, Popov98, Popov2006, Popov2005, Brabec, Brabec2}. With respect to the SFA, there are heuristic approaches using Coulomb-Volkov wave functions \cite{Jain}. More recently, it has been shown that the results from the imaginary time method with Coulomb corrections can be derived from the SFA approach using the eikonal-Volkov states for the continuum electron \cite{P1,P2, Krajewska3}. The Coulomb singularity in the phase of the eikonal wave function has been removed, using matching of the continuum wave function to the asymptotics of the undisturbed bound state. More straightforwardly and equivalently, in \cite{Klaiber} it has been shown that the explicit calculation of the Coulomb-corrected SFA amplitude for the atomic $s$-states  avoids singularities because of the cancellation of the Coulomb divergent contribution from the eikonal
phase with a term in the SFA prefactor.  Another method for removing the Coulomb singularity in the SFA amplitude has been put forward in the analytical R-matrix theory, via the imaginary time shifting of the integration in the eikonal phase \cite{ARM1,ARM2}.
\\
\\
It is worth mentioning that, apart from the mainly analytical SFA and PPT approaches, also fully numerical studies of the relativistic dynamics and ionization of highly charged ions in very strong laser fields have been carried out \cite{Y1,Y10, Y100, Y101, Y11,Y12,Y13,Y14}. \\
\\
Due to the approximations involved, SFA predictions turn out to depend on the gauge that is chosen to describe the external electromagnetic fields. From studies of nonrelativistic strong-field ionization it is known that calculations in the length gauge generally yield better agreement with numerical solutions or experimental data than those in velocity gauge \cite{Bauer}. The relativistic version of the length gauge is the Göppert-Mayer gauge \cite{Klaiber, Kylstra, ReissGM}. \\
\\
In the present paper, we provide another treatment of relativistic strong-field ionization of a hydrogen-like atomic system which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been given in the literature yet. As first step, the earlier approaches \cite{Nikishov66,Nikishov67} and \cite{Reiss} are combined to calculate, within Dirac theory and standard SFA, the relativistic ionization of a 1$s$ electron bound by a nuclear Coulomb potential in the presence of a constant crossed field (CCF). In contrast to the work by Nikishov and Ritus \cite{Nikishov66,Nikishov67}, we account for the Coulomb field in the bound state and also for the electron spin. As compared with Reiss \cite{Reiss}, we apply a CCF in Göppert-Mayer gauge, rather than an oscillating wave in radiation gauge. The choice of CCF is motivated by the fact that, for small Keldysh parameters, the ionization resembles a tunneling process through the potential barrier that is formed by the field of the atomic core and the laser field \cite{Klaiber2} which then appears as
quasistatic on the time scale of the ionizaton dynamics. \\
\\
In a second step, we include a suitable Coulomb correction factor which is obtained by an appropriate modification of the procedure developed in \cite{PPT2, Popov98, Popov2006,Popov2005} to the present case. The modification is necessary because the long-range Coulomb potential is already included here in the initial 1$s$ bound state of the electron, whereas a short-range binding potential was assumed in the previous studies \cite{PPT2,Popov98,Popov2006,Popov2005}.\\
\\
Accordingly, our paper is organized as follows. We present our theoretical approach to relativistic strong-field ionization in Sec. II, starting with the standard SFA calculation in Subsec. II.A. In the next subsection II.B we determine an overall Coulomb correction factor that the SFA rate needs to be multiplied with. An analytical approximation of the Coulomb-corrected ionization rate in closed form is obtained in Subsec. II.C. We illustrate our approach by numerical results in Sec. III and compare them with predictions from other theories. Conclusions are given in Sec. IV.
\section{Theoretical framework}
In this section, we outline our approach to relativistic ionization in a CCF in the Göppert-Mayer gauge. In the following, we use atomic units (a.u.) throughout, with the elementary charge unit $e=1$.
\subsection[A.]{Ionization rate in standard SFA}
The relativistic ionization process in combined laser and Coulomb fields can be described within an S-matrix formalism. The transition amplitude in the SFA can be expressed in the prior form as
\begin{eqnarray}
	S^{\text{SFA}}=-\frac{i}{c}\int \text{d}^4x~ \bar{\psi}^{(-)}(x)\slashed{A}_\text{G}(x)\Phi_{\text{1s}}(x)
\end{eqnarray}
with the initial state
\begin{eqnarray}
	\Phi_{\text{1s}}(x) = g(r) \chi_s \exp(-i E_\text{1s}t)
\end{eqnarray}
describing the Coulomb-Dirac wave function of the hydrogen like ground state. It consists of a radial part $g(r) = C_\text{1s} (2Zr)^{\sigma-1}\exp(-Zr)$, where $C_\text{1s} = \left( \frac{Z^3}{\pi } \frac{1+\sigma}{\Gamma\left(1+2\sigma\right)}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}$, the two possible spinors
\begin{center}
	$\chi_{+\frac{1}{2}}=\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\0 \\ ic \frac{1-\sigma}{Z} \cos\vartheta \\ ic \frac{1-\sigma}{Z} \sin\vartheta \text{e}^{i\varphi} \end{pmatrix}$ and $\chi_{-\frac{1}{2}}=\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\1  \\ ic \frac{1-\sigma}{Z} \sin\vartheta \text{e}^{-i\varphi}\\ - ic \frac{1-\sigma}{Z} \cos\vartheta \end{pmatrix}$
\end{center}
and the time evolution. Here $E_\text{1s}=\sigma c^2$ with $\sigma = [1-(Z/c)^2]^{1/2}$ indicates the energy of the bound state, $Z$ the nuclear charge number. Correspondingly $I_p=c^2-E_\text{1s}$ denotes the ionization potential. \\
The interaction with the CCF in Eq. (1) is given by the four-potential in the Göppert-Mayer gauge
\begin{eqnarray}
	A_\text{G}^\mu(x)=(-\mathbf{F} \cdot \mathbf{r},-\mathbf{e}_k (\mathbf{F}\cdot \mathbf{r})).
\end{eqnarray}
The coordinate system is oriented with the electric field $\mathbf{F}$ along the $x$-axis and the magnetic field $\mathbf{B}$ along the $y$-axis, with amplitudes $|\mathbf{F}|=|\mathbf{B}|=F$. The CCF can be considered as the infinite-wavelength limit of a plane wave.  In the radiation gauge, it is described by the potential $A^\mu = \tilde{a}^\mu \varphi_k$ with $\tilde{a}^\mu =(0,-a,0,0)$, which is linear in the phase $\varphi_k = k\cdot x$. Note that, when performing calculations in a CCF, it proves useful to introduce a wave four-vector  $k^\mu = \frac{\omega}{c}(1,\mathbf{e}_z)$, along with some frequency $\omega$ as auxiliary quantity. Accordingly, $\mathbf{e}_k = \mathbf{e}_z$ in Eq.~(3). Evidently, all observables must be independent of the parameter $\omega$ at the end. \\
\\
The expression in Eq.~(1) would describe  the exact transition amplitude if the final state accounted for the interaction of the ionized electron with both the CCF and the nuclear Coulomb field. However, such states are not known in analytical form. In  standard SFA, one disregards the influence of the Coulomb field in the continuum state and approximates the latter by a Volkov wave function which is an exact solution of the Dirac equation in a plane-wave-like field. In case of a CCF, it reads
\begin{eqnarray}
	\psi^{(-)}(x)&=&\sqrt{\frac{c}{p_0}} \left(1 - \frac{\slashed{k}\slashed{A}}{2c(k\cdot p)} \right) u_{p,s} \exp(i S^{(-)}) \notag \\
	&  &\times \exp(-i (\tilde{a}\cdot x)\varphi_k/c),
\end{eqnarray}
with the action
\begin{eqnarray}
	S^{(-)} = -(p\cdot x) + \frac{1}{c(k\cdot p)} \left[\frac{(p\cdot \tilde{a})}{2} \varphi_k^2 - \frac{a^2}{6c} \varphi_k^3 \right], \notag
\end{eqnarray}
a free Dirac spinor $u_{p,s}$, and the asymptotic electron momentum $p^\mu = (p_0, \mathbf{p})$,  where $p_0 = E_p/c$.
The second exponential function in (4) stems from the gauge transformation from the radiation to the Göppert-Mayer gauge. \\
\\
In Eq. (1), following \cite{Nikishov66,Nikishov67}, the term
\begin{eqnarray}
	& &\left(1 - \frac{\slashed{A}\slashed{k}}{2c(k\cdot c)} \right) \notag \\
	&  & \times \exp\left(-i\frac{(p\cdot \tilde{a})}{2c(k\cdot p)} \varphi_k^2 + i\frac{a^2}{6c^2(k\cdot p)} \varphi_k^3  + i\frac{(\tilde{a}\cdot x)}{c} \varphi_k\right)\notag\\
	&= & \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}ds~ \text{e}^{-is\varphi_k}\left(\mathcal{A}(s) + i \frac{\slashed{\tilde{a}}\slashed{k}}{2c(k\cdot p)}\mathcal{A}^\prime(s)\right)
\end{eqnarray}
is expressed by a Fourier integral, where
\begin{eqnarray}
	\mathcal{A}(s)& &= \frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}d\varphi_k~ \text{e}^{i\varphi_k s}  \\
	&  &\times \exp\left(-i\frac{(p\cdot \tilde{a})}{2c(k\cdot p)} \varphi_k^2 + i\frac{a^2}{6c^2(k\cdot p)} \varphi_k^3  + i\frac{(\tilde{a}\cdot x)}{c} \varphi_k\right)  \notag
\end{eqnarray}
and the prime denotes the derivative with respect to $s$.
\\
\\
Now the integration over $t$ in Eq.~(1) can be carried out; the resulting $2\pi\delta(E_p - E_\text{1s}-s\omega)$ is afterwards exploited to perform the integration over $s$. \\
\\
For the remaining calculations the vector $\mathbf{q} = \mathbf{p} -s\mathbf{k}- \frac{a}{c}\varphi_k~ \mathbf{e}_x$ and the variables $\alpha = \frac{p\cdot \tilde{a}}{c(k\cdot p)}$, $\beta = \frac{a^2}{8c^2(k\cdot p)}$ and $y = (4\beta)^{2/3}[\frac{s}{4\beta} - (\frac{\alpha}{8\beta})^2]$ with $s=\frac{E_p-E_\text{1s}}{\omega}$ are introduced as well as the substitution $z=(4\beta)^{1/3}(\varphi_k-\frac{\alpha}{8\beta})$ is applied, which leads to
	\begin{eqnarray}
	S^{\text{SFA}}&= & -\frac{i}{\omega} \sqrt{\frac{c}{p_0}} (4\beta)^{-1/3} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} dz \int d^3\mathbf{r}~\text{e}^{-i(\mathbf{q}\cdot \mathbf{r})} g(r) \bar{u}_s  \notag \\
	&  &\times \left(1 - \frac{\slashed{\tilde{a}}\slashed{k}}{2c(k\cdot p)} \varphi_k \right) \slashed{A}_\text{G}\chi_s  \\
	&  & \times \exp\left[i\left(yz+\frac{z^3}{3}\right)\right] \exp\left[-i \frac{8\beta}{3}\left(\frac{\alpha}{8\beta}\right)^3+ i \frac{\alpha s}{8\beta}\right]. \notag
\end{eqnarray}

In order to obtain the differential ionization rate, the absolute square of the transition amplitude has to be taken and averaged (summed) over the initial (final) spin polarizations. In carrying out these steps, we use Ref.~\cite{Reiss} as orientation (see also \cite{X2,X21}) but adjust our calculation to the Göppert-Mayer gauge. As a consequence of the latter, the resulting traces over Dirac matrices are simplified decisively, in particular by the fact that the four-products $A_\text{G}^2 (x) = A_\text{G} (x)\cdot A(x) = A_\text{G} (x) \cdot k = A(x)\cdot k = k^2 = A_\text{G} (x)\cdot A_\text{G}(x^\prime)=0$ disappear.  Accordingly $A_\text{G}(x^\prime) = \tilde{a}^\mu \varphi_k(x^\prime) $. The remaining spatial integrations are proportional to
\begin{eqnarray}
	|S^{\text{SFA}}|^2 &\propto &\int d^3\mathbf{r}\int d^3\mathbf{r}^\prime~ \text{e}^{-i(\mathbf{q}\cdot \mathbf{r})} \text{e}^{i(\mathbf{q}^\prime\cdot \mathbf{r}^\prime)} g(r) g(r^\prime) \notag \\
	&  &\times (c_0+c_3) r^\prime \sin\vartheta^\prime\cos\varphi^\prime r \sin\vartheta\cos\varphi
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}
	c_0&=& 1 +\tau^2[\cos\vartheta\cos\vartheta^\prime+ \sin\vartheta\sin\vartheta^\prime\cos(\varphi-\varphi^\prime)],\notag \\
	c_3&=&i\tau(-\cos\vartheta+\cos\vartheta^\prime)
\end{eqnarray}
and can be calculated straightforwardly in analogy to \cite{Reiss}. Herein $\tau=(1-\sigma)c/Z$. \\
\\
The remaining integrations are of the form
\begin{eqnarray}
	\int dz~\frac{(Z-iQ)^\nu\pm (Z+iQ)^\nu}{(f^\prime(z))^\nu} \exp(-f(z))
\end{eqnarray}
with $f(z) = -i(yz+z^3/3)$, and can be solved by the saddle point method. The physically relevant saddle point is given by $z_0 =i\sqrt{y}$ and the second derivative reads $f^{\prime \prime} (z)=-2iz$. To this end, the denominator is expanded by $f^\prime(z) \approx (z-z_0)f^{\prime\prime}(z_0)$ and the following formula \cite{Gribakin}
\begin{eqnarray}
	\int \frac{\exp(-\lambda f(x))}{(x-x_0)^\nu} dx &\approx& i^\nu \frac{\Gamma(\nu/2)}{2\Gamma(\nu)}\left(\frac{2\pi}{f^{\prime\prime}(x_0)} \right)^{\frac{1}{2}}  \\
	& &\times \left[2\lambda f^{\prime \prime}(x_0) \right]^{\nu/2} \exp[-\lambda f(x_0)] \notag
\end{eqnarray}
is applied that is valid for large values of $\lambda$. To satisfy the conditions for the applicability of (11), the condition $y\gg1$ must be ensured in Eq. (7). \\
\\
By using the saddle point method, the previously purely real quantity $\mathbf{q}$ becomes complex:
\begin{eqnarray}
	q_x &=& - \frac{az}{c(4\beta)^{1/3}} = - i\frac{\varepsilon}{c}, \notag \\
	q_\perp &=& \sqrt{q_x^2+q_y^2} = i \frac{\zeta}{c}, \notag \\
	q &=& \sqrt{q_x^2+q_y^2+q_z^2} = i \frac{\eta}{c} \notag
\end{eqnarray}
with the abbreviations
\begin{eqnarray}
	\gamma &=&p_0-p_z, \notag\\
	\eta &=& \sqrt{c^4-E_\text{1s}^2}, \notag \\
	\varepsilon &=& \sqrt{\eta^2+p_y^2c^2 +(c\gamma-E_\text{1s})^2}, \notag \\
	\zeta &=& \sqrt{\eta^2 +(c\gamma-E_\text{1s})^2}.
\end{eqnarray}
The rate is determined by integrating the resulting expression in the common way over the momentum space and by dividing it by the interaction time $T$
\begin{eqnarray}
	R =  \int  \frac{d^3\mathbf{p}}{(2\pi)^3} \frac{|S^\text{SFA}|^2}{T} .
\end{eqnarray}
Noticing that $|S^\text{SFA}|^2$ does not depend on $p_x$, the corresponding integral in Eq.~(13) yields
\begin{eqnarray}
	\int dp_x = FT
\end{eqnarray}
(see also \cite{Nikishov66,Nikishov1}). The remaining $p_y$- and $p_z$-integrations are transformed into integrations over $p_y$ and $\gamma$, according to
\begin{eqnarray}
	R &=& \frac{F^2  C_\text{1s}^2}{4} (2Z)^{2\sigma-2} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} dp_y \int_{0}^{\infty}d\gamma  \frac{\gamma}{\varepsilon} \text{e}^{-\frac{4}{3} y^\frac{3}{2}}\bigg[ |\tilde{S}_1(p_y,\gamma)|^2\notag \\
	&  &+ \tau^2 \left( |\tilde{S}_2(p_y,\gamma)|^2+ |\tilde{S}_3(p_y,\gamma)|^2 +|\tilde{S}_4(p_y,\gamma)|^2 \right) \notag \\
	&  &+2 \tau\text{Re}\left[\tilde{S}_1(p_y,\gamma)\right]\text{Im}\left[\tilde{S}_2(p_y,\gamma)\right]\bigg]
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}
	\tilde{S}_1(p_y,\gamma) &=&   \varepsilon \left[ \frac{ c^2}{\eta^3} \Gamma(\frac{\sigma +1}{2}) D^{\sigma+1} - \frac{c}{\eta ^2} \Gamma(\frac{\sigma +2}{2}) D^{\sigma+2}\right], \notag \\
	\tilde{S}_2(p_y,\gamma) &=& i  \varepsilon ~q_z \bigg[ 3 \frac{ c^4}{\eta^5} \Gamma(\frac{\sigma}{2}) D^\sigma - 3 \frac{ c^3}{\eta^4} \Gamma(\frac{\sigma+1}{2})D^{\sigma+1} \notag \\
	& & +\frac{ c^2}{\eta^3} \Gamma(\frac{\sigma+2}{2})D^{\sigma+2} \bigg], \notag \\
	\tilde{S}_3(p_y,\gamma) &=& - \frac{\varepsilon}{\zeta} \bigg[ \left(3\frac{\zeta^2c^3}{\eta^5}- \frac{c^3}{\eta^3}\right) \Gamma(\frac{\sigma}{2})D^\sigma \notag \\
	&  &+ \left( \frac{c^2}{\eta^2}-3\frac{\zeta^2c^2}{\eta^4}\right)\Gamma(\frac{\sigma+1}{2})D^{\sigma+1} \notag \\
	&  &+ \frac{\zeta^2 c}{\eta^3}\Gamma(\frac{\sigma+2}{2})D^{\sigma+2}\bigg],\notag \\
	\tilde{S}_4(p_y,\gamma) &=& -i\frac{p_y c}{\zeta}\left[ \frac{c^3}{\eta^3} \Gamma(\frac{\sigma}{2})D^\sigma -\frac{c^2}{\eta^2} \Gamma(\frac{\sigma+1}{2})A^{\sigma+1}\right] \notag
\end{eqnarray}
and $D = Zc \left(\frac{2}{F\gamma\varepsilon} \right)^\frac{1}{2}$. \\
\\
The remaining integrations can be carried out by numerical means without difficulties.

\subsection[B.]{Coulomb correction}
Up to this point, the influence of the Coulomb field on the continuum state has not been considered. However, especially during the tunneling process, the electron continues to experience the influence of this field. Therefore, what is needed is a way to account for the effect of the nucleus on the ionized electron. For an electron bound by a short-range potential, this problem has already been widely treated \cite{PPT2, Popov98, Popov2006,Popov2005,Brabec,Brabec2}. Accordingly, to include the Coulomb interaction between the atomic core and the escaping electron in this case, its influence is taken into account under the complete tunneling barrier. This is achieved by dividing the barrier length into rather close distances, where the Coulomb effects can be incorporated via a typical Coulomb logarithm in the wave function, and rather large distances where the Coulomb potential can be treated as a perturbation, with both regions being linked through a matching procedure \cite{PPT2, Popov98, Popov2006,Popov2005,Brabec,Brabec2}.\\
\\
In our case, however, we do not assume short-range binding forces but, instead, fully account for the long-range nuclear Coulomb field in in the bound 1$s$ state. A part of the total Coulomb effects is therefore already contained in Eq.(15). As a consequence, we have to appropriately 'truncate' the Coulomb corrections established in \cite{PPT2, Popov98, Popov2006,Popov2005,Brabec,Brabec2} in order to avoid their overestimation. To this end, we restrict the influence on the escaping electron to the region in which the Coulomb field, as compared with the impact of the CCF, is a perturbation. It will turn out that this procedure provides a remarkably good approximation to the Coulomb effects. \\
\\
We determine the Coulomb correction as \cite{PPT2, Popov98, Popov2006,Popov2005,Brabec,Brabec2}
\begin{eqnarray}
	Q &= &\exp\bigg(2iZ \int_{t_1}^{0}\frac{1}{r(t)}dt \bigg),
\end{eqnarray}
where $t=t_1$ denotes the time at which the Coulomb  potential starts to be taken into account and $t=0$ denotes the time of the tunnel exit. \\
The trajectory $r(t)$ is obtained by a solution of the classical, relativistic equations of motion in a CCF, which is adapted to the initial conditions $\vec{r}(t_0)=0, \text{Im}(\vec{r}(0))=0, \text{Im}(\dot{\vec{r}}(0))=0$ and $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\dot{\vec{r}}^2(t_0)/c^2}}=\epsilon_0$, with $\epsilon_0=E_\text{1s}/c^2$. Here $t=t_0$ is the time of tunnel entry. This results in the parameterized coordinates \cite{PPT2,Brabec,Brabec2}
\begin{eqnarray}
	x(u)&=&\frac{c^2}{2F\lambda}(u^2-u_0^2), y(u)=0, \notag \\
	z(u)&=&i\frac{c^2}{6F\lambda}(u^2-u_0^2)u, \notag \\
	ct(u)&=&i\frac{c^2}{6F\lambda}u^3-i\frac{c^2}{2F\lambda}(1+\lambda^2)u.
\end{eqnarray}
with $u_0^2=3(\lambda^2-1)$ and $\lambda = -\frac{\epsilon_0}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\epsilon_0^2+8}$.\\
\\
An intuitive approach to determine $t_1$ is motivated by the idea that for $r_1 = r(t_1)$ the Coulomb field strength equals the CCF amplitude and, afterwards, falls below it. This leads to
\begin{eqnarray}
	 r_1 &=& \sqrt{\frac{Z}{F}}.
\end{eqnarray}
We note that $r_1$, while being substantially larger than the size $\sim 1/Z$ of the bound state, is much smaller than the extension $\sim Z^2/F$ of the tunneling barrier. From this, $t_1$ and $u_1$ can be determined:
\begin{eqnarray}
	\frac{c^2}{2F\lambda}(u_0^2-u^2)\sqrt{1-\frac{u^2}{9}} &=& r_1 .
\end{eqnarray}
Taking the tunnel distance as a pure $x$ component, where $|x(u)| \gg |z(u)|$ holds, the equation is simplified to
\begin{eqnarray}
  u_1 &=& \sqrt{u_0^2 -\frac{2F^{\frac{1}{2}} Z^{\frac{1}{2}}\lambda }{  c^2}}.
\end{eqnarray}
Interestingly, the intuitive value of $r_1$ (respectively the associated coordinate $x_1$) given above can be mathematically supported and further improved by noting that it conincides approximately with the saddle point of the integrand in the S-matrix element of Eq.(1). Let us briefly sketch the corresponding derivation\cite{SPM}. The space-time dependence of the integrand in cylindrical coordinates is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
	m &=& \rho^2 \cos(\phi) \text{e}^{-i S[\rho, \phi, z, t]} (2 Z
	\sqrt{\rho^2 + z^2})^{\sigma - 1} \notag \\
	&  & \times \text{e}^{-Z\sqrt{\rho^2 + z^2}}
	\text{e}^{-i \sigma c^2 t}
\end{eqnarray}
where $S[\rho, \phi, z, t]$ denotes the classical action, which satisfies the Hamilton-Jacobi equation
\begin{eqnarray}
	\left(\nabla S + \frac{1}{c} \mathbf{A}_\text{G} \right)^2-\frac{1}{c^2}\left(\frac{\partial S}{\partial t} - A_\text{G}^0-\frac{Z}{r}\right)^2 +c^2=0.~~
\end{eqnarray}
Note that the angular dependence of the spinors $\chi_{\pm 1/2}$ has been omitted in Eq.~(21), as it is contained solely in the lower components which are suppressed by the small parameter $\tau$. We can now substitute the saddle point conditions into this equation and obtain an equation for $x$, which can be solved approximately by exploiting the smallness of $F/F_a$  (with the atomic field strength $F_a = Z^3$) and $I_p/c^2$. With next-to-leading order accuracy, one finds
\begin{eqnarray}
	\tilde{x}_1= -\sqrt{\frac{Z}{F}} \left(1 +  \frac{Z^2}{9c^2}\right) + \frac{1}{Z}
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
	\tilde{u}_1 &=& \sqrt{u_0^2 + \frac{2F\lambda}{  c^2} \tilde{x}_1}.
\end{eqnarray}
We point out that, here we have taken the influence of the $z$-component into account, which modifies the second term in the brackets in Eq.(23). The Coulomb correction is, accordingly, determined to
\begin{eqnarray}
	Q & =& \left(\frac{\sin(\varphi_0 + \varphi_1)}{\sin(\varphi_0 - \varphi_1)}\right)^{2\beta} \exp\left[\frac{6Z\varphi_1}{c}\right]
\end{eqnarray}
with $\beta =Z\epsilon_0(1-\epsilon_0^2)^{-1/2}/c$, $\varphi_0=\arcsin(u_0/3)$ and $\varphi_1 = \arcsin(\tilde{u}_1/3)$.
\begin{figure}[htp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{Fig1eckey.eps}
	\caption{Coulomb correction factor from Eq.~(25) as function of the normalized field strength $F/F_{bs}$, where $F_{bs} = c^4 (1-\sigma)^2 / (4 Z)$ denotes the barrier suppression field strength. For comparison the Coulomb correction factor for the intuitive approach with $\varphi_1 = \arcsin(u_1/3)$ [see Eq. (20)] is shown as dashed curves.}
\end{figure}
\\
For illustration, Fig. 1 shows the Coulomb correction factor from Eq. (25) by solid lines and the intuitive correction factor based on Eq. (20) by dashed lines. The more accurate description yields larger corrections, especially at high field strength. Compared to the well-known result of \cite{PPT2}, however, the present Coulomb correction factors turn out to be much smaller (by about two orders of magnitude). As mentioned before, this is because in \cite{PPT2} the correction is evaluated along the complete tunnel length.\\

\subsection[C.]{Analytical simplifications}
The fact that the prefactor of the exponential dependency $\text{e}^{-\frac{4}{3} y^\frac{3}{2}}$ in Eq. (15) changes only very slowly as a function of $\gamma$ and $p_y$ can now be used to solve the remaining integrations. The $p_y$-dependence is contained in the variables $\varepsilon$ and $\zeta$, as well as in the exponential dependence by the variable $y$. In order to be able to carry out the integration over $p_y$ the prefactor is evaluated at $p_y=0$ and the function in the exponential is expanded around $p_y=0$ up to the second order. The $p_y$ dependency in Eq.~(15) can then be evaluated analytically as a Gaussian integral to very good approximation. \\
\begin{figure}[htp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{Fig2eckey.eps}
	\caption{Differential rate $\frac{dR}{d\gamma}$ as a function of $\gamma$ for different nuclear charge numbers $Z$ at $F=F_{bs}$ (solid lines), when the $p_y$-dependence in Eq. (15) has been integrated numerically. The dashed lines show the approximation when the exponential prefactor in Eq.~(15) is evaluated at $p_y=0$ and $\gamma=\gamma_0$, the $p_y$-dependence is integrated out analytically and the remaining exponent is expanded up to second order. The curves have been normalized to a height of 1 to facilitate their comparison.}
\end{figure}
\\
The $\gamma$-dependence is far more complex. Nevertheless, it proves to be practicable to integrate only over the exponential dependence. Therefore the value $\gamma_0$ is determined at which the exponential function reaches its maximum:
\begin{eqnarray}
	\gamma_0 &=& \frac{E_\text{1s}}{4c}+ \frac{1}{4c}\sqrt{E_\text{1s}^2+8c^4}.
\end{eqnarray}
The exponent is expanded up to the second order around $\gamma_0$ and the prefactor is evaluated at this  point. That this approach reflects the differential rate from Eq.~(15) very well, can be seen in Fig.~2. Here, $dR/d\gamma$ from Eq.~(15) is shown as a solid line for different nuclear charge numbers $Z$. In comparison, the approach described above by evaluating the prefactor at $\gamma_0$ and expanding the exponent is shown as a dashed line. The maximum of the exact differential rate lies only slightly below $\gamma_0$ and the widths of both curves (for given $Z$) is almost the same. By formally extending the lower integration boundary to $-\infty$, the $\gamma$ integration over the approximated expression for $dR/d\gamma$ can be performed as a Gaussian integral as well. This results in
\begin{eqnarray}
	R &=& \frac{1}{4} \pi F^2  C_\text{1s}^2 (2Z)^{2\sigma-2} \frac{\gamma_0}{\varepsilon_0} \sqrt{\frac{ 2 F \gamma_0}{\varepsilon_0 h^{\prime \prime}(\gamma_0)}} \text{e}^{-h(\gamma_0)}  \\
	& & \times \bigg[ |\tilde{S}_1(p_y=0,\gamma=\gamma_0)|^2\notag \\
	&  &+ \tau^2 \left( |\tilde{S}_2(p_y=0,\gamma=\gamma_0)|^2+ |\tilde{S}_3(p_y=0,\gamma=\gamma_0)|^2  \right) \notag \\
	&  &+2 \tau\text{Re}\left[\tilde{S}_1(p_y=0,\gamma=\gamma_0)\right]\text{Im}\left[\tilde{S}_2(p_y=0,\gamma=\gamma_0)\right]\bigg] \notag
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}
	\varepsilon_0 &=& \sqrt{\eta^2 +(c\gamma_0-E_\text{1s})^2}, \notag \\
	h(\gamma) & = & \frac{2\varepsilon^3}{3 c^2 F \gamma}. \notag
\end{eqnarray}
To further simplify the expression, $\gamma_0$ can be expanded for small values of $I_p/c^2\ll 1$ to give
\begin{eqnarray}
	\gamma_0 & \approx& c - \frac{I_p}{3c} .
\end{eqnarray}
Accordingly, the main contribution of $p_z$ is around $\frac{I_p}{3c}$. This behavior is in agreement with the result of \cite{Klaiber} where the same shift of the momentum distribution along the $z$ resp. $k$ direction has been found. \\
\\
By noticing that $\tilde{S}_1 \gg \tau \tilde{S}_i$ for $ i \in \{2,3,4\} $ in the relevant range of parameters and by expanding all quantities up to the first order in $I_p/c^2\ll 1$, the rate can be approximately written as
\begin{eqnarray}
	R &\approx&  \frac{F^{2-\sigma}F_a^{1+\frac{4\sigma}{3}}}{(2I_p)^{\frac{7}{2}+\frac{\sigma}{2}}}\frac{1+\sigma}{\Gamma(1+2\sigma)} 2^{3\sigma-3} \frac{1-\frac{7}{72}\frac{I_p}{c^2}}{\sqrt{1 +\frac{5}{12} \frac{I_p}{c^2}}} \notag \\
	&  & \times \frac{1}{(1-\frac{1}{2}\frac{I_p}{c^2})^3} \Gamma(\frac{\sigma+1}{2})^2  \left[ 1+\frac{17}{36}\frac{I_p}{c^2}  \right]^{\sigma} \notag \\
	&  & \times \left[1 - \frac{\Gamma(\frac{\sigma +2}{2})}{\Gamma(\frac{\sigma +1}{2})} Z\bigg(2\frac{\sqrt{2I_p}}{F} (1-\frac{1}{36} \frac{I_p}{c^2}) \bigg)^{\frac{1}{2}} \right]^2 \notag \\
	&  & \times \exp\bigg[- \frac{2}{3}\frac{(2I_p)^{\frac{3}{2}}}{F} \left(1-\frac{1}{12}\frac{I_p}{c^2}\right)\bigg] .
\end{eqnarray}
with the atomic field strength $F_a=Z^3$. While the exponential characteristic of the ionization process ~$ \exp[-\frac{2}{3}\frac{(2I_p)^{\frac{3}{2}}}{F}]$ is generally found in tunneling-like rate expressions \cite{Keldysh65,Nikishov66,Nikishov67,PPT2, Popov98, Popov2006,Popov2005,Brabec, Brabec2}, it is particularly noteworthy that the additional term $I_p/12c^2$ in the last line of Eq. (29)  coincides as well with that of Ref.\cite{Klaiber}. The various relativistic ionization theories are known to somewhat differ in the nuclear charge and field strength dependencies of the pre-exponential factors they predict.\\
\\
To account for the Coulomb correction, the standard SFA-rate from Eq.~(15) resp. (27) has to be multiplied with the factor $Q$:
\begin{eqnarray}
	R_Q =R\cdot Q.
\end{eqnarray}
In the next section the rate $R_Q$ is compared with previously existing calculations and it is placed in context.
\section{Results and Discussion}
\begin{figure}[htp]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{Fig3eckey.eps}
	\caption{Total ionization rate as function of the normalized field strength $F/F_{bs}$. The solid curves show Eq.(27) corrected by the Coulomb factor (25), the corresponding analytical approximation (29) including the same Coulomb factor is depicted by dots and the Coulomb corrected rate of \cite{Brabec, Brabec2} is shown as dashed curves.}
\end{figure}
In this section, we illustrate our theoretical approach by showing the resulting ionization rates in a wide range of field strengths and ionic systems. Moreover, we compare our findings with already existing calculations of relativistic strong-field ionization.\\
\\
The dependence on the field strength is mainly determined by the exponential dependence of the rate. Different ionization theories can, however, differ in the preexponential factors they predict. \\
Figure 3 shows the total ionization rate (27) corrected by the Coulomb factor (25) as a function of the normalized field strength (solid curves). The steep exponential dependence is clearly seen. For comparison the PPT result of \cite{Brabec,Brabec2} is presented as dashed curves. On the displayed logarithmic scale, our results lie almost completely on the PPT curves and differ only slightly.\\
The dotted curves give the Coulomb corrected Eq.~ (29). The approximation coincides very well with the numerically calculated solid curves and deviates only slightly from this result for large nuclear charge numbers $Z$ and large field strengths.\\
\\
\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\subfloat[][]{\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{Fig4aeckey.eps}}
	\qquad
	\subfloat[][]{\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{Fig4beckey.eps}}
	\caption{Total ionization rate as function of the normalized ionization potential $I_p/c^2$ for (a) $F/F_a=1/32$ and (b) $F/F_a=1/25$. The red solid lines show the -- over half a cycle of an oscillating laser wave averaged -- results from Eq.~(27), including the Coulomb correction factor (25). The red dotdashed lines show the result for the intuitive Coulomb correction factor with $\varphi_1 = \arcsin(u_1/3)$ [see Eq. (20)]. The blue dashed (dotted) curves represent Eq. (78) (Eq. (97)) from \cite{Klaiber} and the black dashed lines shows the cycle-averaged result of \cite{Brabec,Brabec2}.}
\end{figure}
The dependence of the ionization rate on the nuclear charge, which is encoded by the normalized ionization potential, is shown in Fig. 4 on a linear scale. Our rate in a CCF has been averaged over half a cycle of an oscillating laser wave with electric field of the form $F \sin(\varphi_k)$. It is compared with the PPT results from Ref.~\cite{Brabec,Brabec2}  (also averaged over half a laser period) and the SFA results from Ref.~\cite{Klaiber}, where ionization by a linearly polarized laser wave was considered. We note in this regard, that Eq. (78) and (97) in Ref. \cite{Klaiber} represent two variants of the Coulomb-corrected SFA that are obtained from different partitions of the underlying Hamiltonian. While Eq. (78) relies on the standard partition, in the 'dressed' Coulomb-corrected SFA of Eq. (97) the laser field makes some contribution to the bound state evolution. The latter brings the rates closer to the PPT prediction. When we apply our intuitive Coulomb correction factor based on Eq.(20), the ionization rate comes out a bit too low, as the red dashed curves show. This correction factor, thus, slightly underestimates the Coulomb effects. The shape of the curves is, however, very similar to the PPT result of \cite{Brabec,Brabec2} and Eq.(97) from \cite{Klaiber}. Applying the more accurate Coulomb correction (25) improves the ionization rates significantly (red solid curves). Now they resemble more closely the predictions from \cite{Klaiber} that include the Coulomb effects in a coherent manner by using eikonal-Volkov states. The remaining differences as compared with this advanced SFA theory indicate that further correction terms (especially those stemming from the innermost region of the tunnel) would be needed in our approach to enhance the agreement.

\section{Conclusion}
An alternative treatment of relativistic
strong-field ionization of hydrogen-like atomic systems has been presented. Our approach combines various calculational methods that have been developed in earlier investigations of the problem \cite{Nikishov66,Nikishov67,Reiss,PPT2}. First, we have calculated the total ionization rate of a 1$s$ electron bound by a nuclear Coulomb potential in the presence of a constant crossed field in Göppert-Mayer gauge within Dirac theory and standard SFA. To take the influence of the Coulomb field on the electron continuum state during tunneling into consideration, a well-known method that relies on the assumption of a short-range binding potential \cite{PPT2}, has been adjusted appropriately. Two versions of the resulting modified Coulomb correction factor have been obtained, an intuitive one and a more accurate one, that are effectively active in the region where the nuclear Coulomb field has fallen below the CCF. They may be interpreted as arising from the necessity to incorporate Coulomb effects into the Volkov state. We emphasize that both versions of our Coulomb correction factor represent approximations as they disregard the innermost subbarrier region.\\
\\
We have derived a representation of the Coulomb-corrected total ionization rate as double integral, which could be very well approximated by an analytical formula in closed form. Comparing our corresponding results with predictions from previous studies based on PPT \cite{Brabec, Brabec2} or Coulomb-corrected SFA \cite{Klaiber} theories, we found good agreement in a wide range of nuclear charges (resp. ionization potentials) for field strengths below the barrier suppression field. Our study may offer additional insights into relativistic strong-field ionization, in general, and the role of Coulomb corrections, in particular. It may, moreover, help to establish further connections between corresponding PPT and SFA theories.
\\
\\
As outlook we note that our approach could be appropriately applied to other strong-field problems as well to obtain, for example, a Coulomb-corrected rate for bound free pair production in an intense laser field \cite{X2,X21}.
\\
\begin{acknowledgements}
	This work has been funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Grant No. 392856280 within the Research Unit FOR 2783/1. Useful discussions with K.~Z. Hatsagortsyan are gratefully acknowledged.
\end{acknowledgements}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Native Compilers in the Long term?
teacherpeter
Joined 15 Jan, 2014
Hello! I'll cut to the chase: Are native compilers planned for long-term deployment, or is every C2 game always going to be HTML5 at heart? One of C2's competitors recently released a new version of their software with native compiling exports for all sorts of platforms, including mobile. That's a huge draw, but honestly I think I prefer C2's experience and I would love to know if native exports are in C2's future.
No: we cannot write a better native engine than Google already do with Chrome. It really is an outstanding browser and we could probably not come close to the quality of it given Google have hundreds of the best engineers in the world working on it. Chrome also now can power Android apps using Crosswalk and of course the desktop apps for Windows, Mac and Linux using node-webkit where as far as we know it works very nicely.
Thank you for the very direct and open response (from none other than Ashley!)
I understand that. The only thing I noticed when playing around is that mobile apps can be a bit slow and Android apps can have compatibility issues, but for desktop apps I completely agree that C2 is amazing. It's by far the most fun to use, and I've tried them all.
spongehammer
Joined 30 Oct, 2012
The problem here is of course that we all rely on Google to ensure the C2 games perform as they should. Some of the competition have decided not to put all thier eggs into the Google basket.
bjadams
depends what style of game you are making. for simple flappy bird style games, i think c2 is more than good.
jayderyu
Joined 11 Apr, 2012
This is purely theoretical and by no means have I ever seriously delved into the V8 engine. But since Chrome V8 has this compile system to some form of machine code. Would it in fact be possible to embed the V8 compiler into C2 instead of relying on the browser itself at run time. If V8 is meant to compile to to machine language couldn't this allow in fact C2 to compile to a machine language? If this were the case. then that would mean that an abstract API layer would be required between V8 compiled code and the device in question. Giving this direction to the community to write fill in the device layer could offer alternative exporting models and put some development responsibility on the community(which I think Scirra as a 3 man team could use a break for doing such a wonderful job <img src="{SMILIES_PATH}/icon_e_biggrin.gif" alt=":D" title="Very Happy"> ).
https://developers.google.com/v8/embed
hollowthreat
Joined 15 Jul, 2013
Ashley what about iOS?
To say browsers are more than a Javascript engine like V8 is something of an understatement. There are loads of APIs they provide like WebGL, audio and video decoding, the Web Audio API, device orientation/motion, inputs including gamepads, form controls, text rendering, geolocation, WebRTC, WebSockets, Web Workers, camera/microphone input, AJAX, storage APIs, even speech recognition and synthesis, and so on and on. Then they also do lots of clever optimisations like parallelism in rendering, loading, decoding, and so on. And then they have hundreds of engineers working on new features constantly, ranging from cryptography features to ambient light detection, battery status detection, MIDI support and more, as well as ensuring every platform works identically without any incompatibilities, and fixing all the bugs that inevitably crop up, often including platform-specific ones.
If we made our own engine, to maintain compatibility it would essentially amount to writing a new browser. For an idea of how hard that is to do even with a larger team than us over a long period of time, look at CocoonJS - it has lots of problems ranging from bugs to compatibility issues and missing features like the Web Audio API and WebRTC. It does the job for iOS, but I doubt we'd do any better ourselves. Meanwhile Crosswalk (albeit with a few initial launch issues that are being worked on) is doing a much better job on Android, because it's a real browser engine. And hopefully iOS will soon get their act together and implement some decent browser technology for apps, but on the other hand Safari itself is already pretty good (just needs WebGL!).
these browser solutions are fantastic, but they come at a price: they make the package much larger in size
http://steamcommunity.com//sharedfiles/ ... =103535227
Here's a list that someone made on Steam's community of all the games on Steam and Steam Greenlight made with C2. With 18 games on that list to date, C2 seems to be doing quite well for a newer engine. The more time I spend with C2, the more convinced I am that this is the program for me.
Ashley, thank you for your detailed explanations. I see nothing wrong with what you said, and I think the state of C2 is as good as it can be expected to be, and quite possibly much better. As for the browser engines, I have no comments on that because I just haven't really gotten that far on a mobile game yet. I'm still messing around trying to make my second game.


text:
Not this buffoon again!
It's always interesting when local leftoid politicians get tired of abusing the "clients" in their urban lairs and decide to use the seemingly endless taxpayer resources at their command to make a "broader statement." One day it's a nuclear free zone and the next it's Rafah as a sister city. Idle hands do the Devil's work, I guess.
But all this is harmless wanking compared to their studied abuse of the legal system in refusing to notice illegal aliens, disdaining cooperation in terrorist investigations, trying to drive firearm manufacturers out of business, and demanding documentation of obscure business links to slavery, as foreplay for the eventual reparations lawsuits. Yet in all this primo pustulosis, one leftoid loon takes pride of place for the political vendettas that he conducts via the legal system and that's ole Travis County (Austin, TX) Democrat District Attorney, Ronnie Earle. After scrabbling around pissing and moaning for years, he finally has decided to indict Tom Delay for, er, well, that's not too clear to anybody but ole Ronnie. The usual suspects are all atwitter at the thought, although there are some who have a few qualms. I guess us regular folks just don't think big enough. I wonder if we could find some rural county DA's who would indict Ronnie Earle for being a pernicious prat. Naw, they likely take their jobs seriously.
A chip off the ole crock
Former CBS fabulist, Mary Mapes, has received the reward of the notorious, but unincarcerated - she has a book coming out November 8. Rand Simberg provides the requisite fisking to her continued cluelessness ("peripheral spacing") and studied disingenuousness (they're called timezones, Mary), but it is worth reading the whole excerpt on Amazon to see the inner workings of the mind of an "ace" MSM newshawk.
The day after the fake National Guard papers story went on the air, Mary was spending some quality time high fiving the other drones in the hive at CBS when she got an inkling that making one up wasn't going to serve this time:
I remember staring, disheartened and angry, at one posting. "60 Minutes is going down," the writer crowed exultantly.
My heart started to pound. There is nothing more frightening for a reporter than the possibility of being wrong, seriously wrong. That is the reason that we checked and rechecked, argued about wording, took care to be certain that the video that accompanied the words didn't create a new and unintended nuance. Being right, being sure, was everything. And right now, on the Internet, it appeared everything was falling apart.
I had a real physical reaction as I read the angry online accounts. It was something between a panic attack, a heart attack, and a nervous breakdown. My palms were sweaty; I gulped and tried to breathe. My heart was pounding like I had become a cartoon character whose heart outline pushes out the front of her shirt with each beat. The little girl in me wanted to crouch and hide behind the door and cry my eyes out.
The longtime reporter in me was pissed off ... and I hung on to her strength and certainty for dear life. I had never been fundamentally wrong, never been fooled, never been under this kind of attack. I resolved to fight back.
Yikes, better call Kinkos!
In retrospect, Matley was right and our story never recovered from this basic misunderstanding. Faxing changes a document in so many ways, large and small, that analyzing a memo that had been faxed---in some cases not once, but twice---was virtually impossible. The faxing destroyed the subtle arcs and lines in the letters. The characters bled into each other. The details of how the typed characters failed to line up perfectly inside each word were lost.
Er, Mary the problem wasn't that the documents were fuzzy - it was that they matched too well the default output of Microsoft Word with that pesky "peripheral spacing."
I knew what we were seeing was not a simple mistake made because of technical differences in the way the documents looked. This was something else, something new and fundamentally frightening. I had never seen this kind of response to any story. This was like rounding a corner in the woods and spotting a new creature, all venom and claws and teeth. You didn't know what it was, but you sure knew it was out to get you.
As I watched the postings pile up and saw the words quickly become more hateful, it dawned on me that I was present at the birth of a political jihad, a movement conceived in radical conservative back rooms, given life in cyberspace, and growing by the minute.
Ruh Oh! Sounds like the VRWC to me! Pretty scary, eh kids?
There's much more of the same - poor little Mary the intrepid newshawk beset by rightwing meanies. Tres boring. On the other hand, the angst is great:
When I walked down the hall, I saw groups of people clumped together talking animatedly, then watched as they grew silent when I approached. They'd squeak out a, "Hi, Mary," as I trudged dejectedly past. It was sort of the journalistic equivalent of having toilet paper stuck to your shoe. I can't say that I blamed them or that I would have behaved any differently in their positions. Nothing like this had ever happened before to me or to anyone I knew of. What is journalistic etiquette for watching someone's story and career go up in flames? Everyone knew what was going on. Everyone knew it was going very badly. No one knew what to say.
How about, "Mary, you shouldn't pull things out of your butt"?
Some people pitched in and tried to help bail the water out of our sinking ship. ... Assistant producers offered to open up Andy Rooney's office and let us look at his collection of old typewriters.
Bwhahaha!
I was incredulous that the mainstream press---a group I'd been a part of for nearly twenty-five years and thought I knew---was falling for the blogs' critiques.
Some things are so obvious that you can't spin em, Mary.
There's apparently lots more in this vein, but you have to wonder how she managed to fill 384 pages. After all, how many ways are there to say that Mary wouldn't recognize the truth if it bit her on her nether regions?
But wait, there's more! It turns out that Mary's mentor, that ole crock Dan Rather is out on the golf course with O.J. looking for the "real" story, since CBS won't let him do it on their nickel:
"CBS News doesn't want me to do that story. They wouldn't let me do that story," Rather said, declining to elaborate further.
Rather also expressed suspicion about bloggers' role in publicizing CBS's mistakes in the Memogate affair.
"There are some strange, and to me, still mysterious things, certainly unexplained things that happened about how it got attacked and why, even before the program was over," Rather said, adding that his network was derelict in not "knowing enough of how quickly bloggers could strike."
Dan doesn't understand timezones either, I guess.
Today's Weird News
Jax busts a move – to rap:
Cash it in, 50 Cent. Shrivel up, Slim Shady. Michael Jackson may be ready to rap.
Having once anointed himself the King of Pop, the singer now wants to reinvent himself as a booty-chasing hip-hopper, we hear.
The move toward a harder-edged sound is said to be part of a plan to put his child-molestation trial behind him. "Soon you will see him surrounded by all kinds of beautiful women," says "Alien Rock" author Michael Luckman, who's tapped into the Jackson camp.
Must maintain composure. Must ... Oh heck ... Bwahahaha! But wait, there's more:
Andre Van Pier thinks he has just the outfit for a Vegas show Jackson is said to be hatching.
Van Pier, who created costumes for several Jackson videos, envisions the Gloved One as a "Space Warrior," complete with Roman legion helmet and illuminated white leather jumpsuit.
"I want to transform Michael [into] a man with power on a level that we've never seen before," says Van Pier.
Forget about the power, just try for the "man" part.
So why can't we stop thinking of Bugs Bunny's little alien antagonist, Marvin?
Marvin the Martian has just been insulted.
Cindy Sheehan goes to the Big House
In the next episode, Cindy misunderstands when one of her cellmates says "Lez be friends!"
Today's Hoot!
Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi says This War Sucks:
Have you every been at Friday prayers when somebody just totally rips a gigantic falafel gasbomb while the Imam is cursing the crusaders and Jews? That's what it was like around the TV -- total dead silence. And with every shot of another placard-waving elderly hippie moron, every pachouli drum circle, possibly even more silence. Then, when the speakers started up, so did the uncomfortable buzz.
"Where are their weapons, effendi?"
"Well, ya see, um, they are using their um, voices as weapons, um, against empire and occupation, and..."
"It seems they will need much training for the street battles, effendi. Many are appear weak or fat or old."
"Well, see, er, they are basically offering more of a, uh, moral support, and..."
"Will they be conducting martrydom operations soon?"
"Okay, well, not exactly, but..."
"But... are these what the virgins in paradise will look like, effendi?"
Shit. I don't think I'll ever forget the look of horror in that poor Jordanian kid's eyes when the camera panned across that fugly forest of hairy vegan Heathers and uberbutch Andrea Dworkin manatees. And can you blame the poor trembling kid? Holy fargin' Prophet, sometimes I swear the only thing that keeps me motivated is knowing that a restored Caliphate means these hippie bowsers are gonna have their mugs and their bankles safely shielded under a burqqa.
By then the damage was done. I must have spent fifteen minutes trying to calm the boys down, promising them that Paradise is not gonna be a menage-a-72 with a bunch of Unitarian NPR grannies.
It still won't stop the whining
BUSH-HATERS LIED! PEOPLE UN-DIED!
But it wasn't all bad news for Cindy Sheehan!
(Click the image to supersize)
Media Whore Angst!
Life imitates parody:
Meanwhile in Euroland
(via E-nough!) France passes judgment on Katrina:
Do you know why France is never hit by hurricanes, even though she once owned Louisiana? It's because France signed the Kyoto Protocol. Do you know why la petite Camargue in the south of France, with its famous bulls and free-range horses, was flooded twice this summer? It's because George Bush did not sign the Kyoto Protocol.
Do you know why President Chirac did not get impeached after 15,000 people died in the 2003 French heat wave? Impeached? He didn't even get pinched! It wasn't his fault. How could it be his fault? He was on vacation. If some people were too dumb to retreat to a mountain chalet during this terrible vague de chaleur so what? So they shriveled up and died. The fact is, most of them were old; they would have died anyway. You're not going to deprive a great statesman of his position at the helm of a great State just because 15,000 people didn't have the sense to buy fans back in December!
French media coverage of Katrina and her aftermath will go down in history as Force 5 skullduggery. Let me go out on a limb here, and guess that the Iranians were more humane on this issue than the French. I'm just guessing. I'm just supposing that they said Allah was punishing us for killing Muslims, desecrating mosques, raping Muslim women, and defending the Zionist entity. Whereas the French, and first and foremost the incorrigible state-owned television channel France 2,* attacked us in our very foundations, set fire to our essence with inflammatory accusations, flailed us with acid-based criticism, smeared us with the muck of hearsay, propaganda, and outright lies, and even that was not enough to satisfy their lust for revenge. France 2's new newswoman oozed contempt from every strand of her short cropped bleached blond locks. The station's main man in the field gleefully gloated through every pore of his shiny outer space bald noggin. No alcohol-soaked floozy wandering bleary eyed through the ruins of la Nouvelle Orléans was too zonked to get a pass at a France 2 mike and belt out curses against the guv'mint.
Ah, everything's as usual, then!


text:
Brand kills off gTLD that is actually being USED
Kevin Murphy, June 5, 2019, Domain Registries
Two more companies have told ICANN they've changed their minds about running a dot-brand gTLD, including the first example of a TLD that is actually in use.
Dun & Bradstreet has said it no longer wishes to launch .duns, and Australian insurance company iSelect has had enough of .iselect.
Both companies filed to voluntarily terminate their ICANN registry agreements in March, and ICANN published its preliminary decision to allow them to do so this week.
While business data provider D&B never got around to using .duns, .iselect has had dozens of active domains for years.
The company started putting domains in its zone file about three years ago and had over 90 registered names at the last count, with about a dozen indexed by Google. That's a quite a lot for a dot-brand.
It is using domains such as home.iselect, news.iselect and careers.iselect as redirects to parts of its main corporate site, while domains such as gas.iselect, creditcards.iselect and health.iselect send customers to specific product pages.
They all redirect to its main iselect.com.au site. There are no web sites as far as I can tell that keep visitors in the .iselect realm.
I'm pretty certain this is the first example of a voluntary contract termination by a dot-brand that is actually in active use.
There have been 52 such terminations to date, including these two latest ones, almost all of which have been dot-brands that never got out of the barn door.
That's over 10% of the dot-brands that were delegated from the 2012 gTLD application round.


text:
These Guidelines are designed to assist landholders in the SEAVROC Shires understand native vegetation clearing legislation in Western Australia and the process for clearing applications. If you need help with an application, are unsure about whether your clearing activity is exempt from the regulations or have any general enquiries please contact our Environmental Officers, Cheryl Shenton on (08) 9645 1605.
To view / download the Clearing Guidelines and Fact Sheet in PDF format please click the links below.
Native Vegetation Clearing Guidelines For SEAVROC Landholders
Beverley Brookton Cunderdin Quairading York
These Guidelines are designed to assist landholders in the SEAVROC Shires understand native vegetation clearing legislation in Western Australia and the process for clearing applications.
SEAVROC employs two Environmental Officers, based at the Shire of Quairading, who are able to assist landholders with native vegetation clearing enquiries. If you need help with an application, are unsure about whether your clearing activity is exempt from the regulations or have any general enquiries, please contact us:
Jen Vincent Environmental Officer
Jen Vincent Environmental Officer Information
epo@quairading.wa.gov.au
Cheryl Shenton Environment Officer
Cheryl Shenton Environment Officer Information
Phon:
qshireeo@quairading.wa.gov.au
Alternatively contact the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC):
Native Vegetation Conservation Branch, Department of Environment and Conservation on (08) 9219 8744 or at www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
When Do I Need A Clearing Permit?
Before you think about filling out an application form for a clearing permit, you should check whether the clearing could be carried out under an exemption. Under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act), clearing of native vegetation will require a permit from DEC unless the clearing is for an exempt purpose. An exemption is a clearing activity you can undertake without a clearing permit. Some exemptions are limited to a combined total of 1 hectare per property per financial year.
Note that exemptions within the Clearing Regulations do not apply within environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) as described in the Environmental Protection (Environmentally Sensitive Areas) Notice 2005. DEC has an online 'Native Vegetation Map Viewer' at www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/ in the 'data' tab to assist landholders in determining the location of ESAs.
There are a number of exemptions from the requirement for a clearing permit that apply to landholders for everyday activities, please see below for the most common clearing situations.
If a valid exemption does not apply for the purpose of proposed clearing, a clearing permit is required.
Common Clearing Situations
I want to clear along a fenceline on my property and/or on Crown land.
Item 10 of regulation 5 of the Clearing Regulations provides an exemption for clearing along a fence line of, or within, a property to the width necessary to provide access to construct or maintain a fence, provided that the clearing, combined with other limited exempt clearing on the property, does not exceed 1 hectare in the financial year in which the clearing takes place. This exemption applies to the owner of the property on which the clearing is to take place. This exemption does not apply in ESAs.
Item 11 of regulation 5 of the Clearing Regulations provides an exemption for clearing between private property and Crown land (e.g. a road reserve), provided that the clearing on the Crown land is no more than 1.5 metres from the fence. This exemption applies to the owner of the land on which the clearing is to take place, therefore the written approval of the owner of that Crown land (e.g. the Local Government in the case of a road reserve) must be obtained prior to undertaking the clearing. This exemption does not apply in ESAs.
I want to carry out fire hazard reduction burning on my property
Item 3 of regulation 5 of the Clearing Regulations provides an exemption for clearing by burning for fire hazard reduction, provided that the burning occurs outside of the restricted periods declared under the Bush Fires Act 1954 and that it is done in a way that minimises long term damage to the environmental value of the vegetation. This exemption applies to the owner of the land on which the clearing is to take place. This exemption does not apply in environmentally sensitive areas.
Whilst having regard to safety issues, care should be taken not to carry out hazard reduction burning so frequently that it will reduce or prevent ability of the vegetation to recover.
I want to clear for firewood
Item 5 of regulation 5 of the Clearing Regulations provides an exemption for clearing to provide firewood for use by the owner or occupier of the property for domestic heating or cooking, provided that the clearing does not kill any livevegetation or prevent regrowth of the vegetation, that the clearing is carried out to provide firewood to the extent to which it could not be obtained from vegetation already cleared for another purpose, and that the clearing, combined with other limited exempt clearing on the property, does not exceed 1 hectare in the financial year in which the clearing takes place.
This exemption applies to the owner or occupier of the land on which the clearing is to take place. This exemption does not apply in ESAs. The firewood must not be sold.
I want to clear to maintain existing cleared areas around a building, fence line, fire risk reduction area for a building, vehicle or walking track.
Item 15 of regulation 5 of the Clearing Regulations provides an exemption for clearing to maintain existing cleared areas around infrastructure for the following purposes, provided that the land was lawfully cleared within the 10 years immediately prior and the clearing is to the extent previously lawfully cleared for that purpose; around a building or structure for the use of the building or structure; for a fire risk reduction area for a building; to maintain an area along a fence line to provide access to construct or maintain the fence; or to maintain a vehicle or walking track.
This exemption also applies to clearing of land that was previously lawfully cleared (possibly in excess of 10 years prior) for the following purposes, provided that the clearing does not exceed the extent specified for that purpose:
around a building or structure for the use of the building or structure - maximum of 20 metres;
for a fire risk reduction area for a building - maximum of 20 metres;
to maintain an area along a fence line to provide access to construct/maintain the fence – maximum of 5 metres; or
to maintain a vehicle or walking track – maximum of 5 metres.
This exemption applies to the owner or occupier of the land on which the clearing is to take place. This exemption does not apply in ESAs.
I want to clear an isolated tree on my property
Item 19 of regulation 5 of the Clearing Regulations provides an exemption for clearing an isolated tree on a property, provided that the tree is more than fifty metres from any other native vegetation, and that the clearing, combined with other limited exempt clearing on the property, does not exceed 1 hectare in the financial year in which the clearing takes place. This exemption applies to the owner of the property on which the tree is located. This exemption does not apply in ESAs.
I Need A Clearing Permit, How Do I Apply?
You need to fill out an application form (which can be downloaded from www.dec.wa.gov.au/nvp) and submit it to DEC. A permit from DEC authorising the clearing of native vegetation must be obtained prior to commencing clearing.
There are two types of clearing permits - an Area Permit and a Purpose Permit. In most private landholder cases, you will need to apply for an Area Permit.
Area Permits – are used when the applicant is the owner of the land or when the applicant is doing the clearing on behalf of the owner of the land and has written authority to do so. Area permits are for a defined area.
Purpose Permits – can be used when the applicant is not the owner of the land they wish to clear but have authority under a written law or permission to access the land to undertake clearing. Purpose permits are usually for clearing of different areas from time to time for a specified purpose.
Fill out the application form with as much detail as possible and follow all instructions. You will need to provide
supporting information, for example, a detailed map of the area you want to clear. There will be a fee payable to DEC for every application which ranges from $50-$200 depending on the size of the land to be cleared.
I Have Submitted My Clearing Permit To DEC, What Next?
It may take a number of weeks for a decision to be made on your clearing permit application, depending on the nature and scale of your proposed clearing. Once received, your application will be assessed against the clearing principles in schedule 5 of the EP Act and DEC's Chief Executive Officer will take into consideration any relevant planning and other matters prior to making a decision to grant or refuse a clearing permit. Your application will be assessed for impacts on a wide range of environmental issues including biodiversity, land degradation and water quality.
DEC is required to invite submissions on your application from interested parties. This can include local governments, other government agencies, community groups or others that may be impacted by a proposal to clear.
If a site visit is required, the DEC officer managing your application will contact you to request a time to visit your property and discuss your application.
The Chief Executive Officer of DEC will decide to either grant a permit (which may or may not be subject to conditions) or refuse a permit. A person who disagrees with the decision to grant a permit may lodge an appeal within 28 days.
What If I Clear Without A Permit?
The clearing of native vegetation in Western Australia is an offence under the EP Act. Unlawful clearing from individuals can result in fines of up to $250,000.
Section 51A of the EP Act defines clearing to mean the killing or destruction of, the removal of, the severing or ringbarking of trunks or stems of, or the doing of any other substantial damage to, some or all of the native vegetation in an area, and includes the draining or flooding of land, the burning of vegetation, the grazing of stock, or any other act or activity, that causes substantial damage to some or all of the native vegetation in an area.
Environmentally sensitive area (ESAs)
There are a number of areas around Western Australia of environmental significance within which the exemptions in the Clearing Regulations do not apply. These areas are referred to as environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs), and are declared under section 51B of the EP Act and described in the Environmental Protection (Environmentally Sensitive Areas) Notice 2005.
Landholder
The holder or proprietor of the land.
Sections 3(1) and 51A of the EP Act define native vegetation as indigenous aquatic and terrestrial vegetation, including dead vegetation, and intentionally planted vegetation where established as a requirement of this or any other law or declared by regulation to be native vegetation. Regulation 4 of the Clearing Regulations further defines native vegetation to include intentionally planted vegetation established (wholly or partly) with funding by a third party for the purpose of biodiversity or land conservation, and intentionally planted vegetation protected by a covenant or other binding agreement to establish and/or maintain the vegetation, but does not include intentionally planted vegetation established as a plantation for commercial harvest.
An area of land that is managed as a single property whether or not it is made up of a number of properties held under separate titles.
Road reserve
The road reserve includes the road and remnant vegetation up to adjacent property fencelines.
SEAVROC
South East Avon Voluntary Organisation of Councils (Shires of Beverley, Brookton, Cunderdin, Quairading and York)
A number of useful fact sheets and guidelines on native vegetation clearing legislation, biodiversity, management and protection is available at www.dec.wa.gov.au/nvp.
Department of Environment and Conservation Western Australia, 2005, A Guide to Clearing Permits Under the Environmental Protection Act 1986, viewed 31/3/2010 www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/
This document is provided for guidance only. It should not be relied upon to address every aspect of the relevant legislation.


Sustainability Standards – What are the game changers?
This is the question we asked at the game session at our side event of the Internationale Grüne Woche 2019 in Berlin.
By playing a palm oil supply chain game (CoPalCam), policy makers, local stakeholders and researchers gain a deeper understanding of the palm oil supply chain.


The 47th episode of VARVET INTERNATIONAL contains: American author Jonathan Safran Foer on the love of alley culture, traumatic childhood experiences, the non-obviousness of writing, work ethic, that found is better than applied, productivity, shoes, uncertainty and how it can produce more interesting results, and bricks. Host: Kristoffer Triumf. Producer: Clara Wallin. Theme song producer: Maria Marcus.


Shuswap Coffee Company Ltd. ~ Why Fairtrade?
Fairtrade is a response to the conventional trading system which has left small-scale coffee farmers disadvantaged, depressed and in a vicious cycle of poverty. The inability to access fair prices forces farmers off of the land; unable to feed and support their families with their coffee crop.
Fairtrade doesn't provide aid or charity but works toward the goal of more equitable trading relationships between producers and consumers. By guaranteeing a fair price for coffee crops, Fairtrade ensures that farmers make a living income which allows them to feed their families and continue to grow coffee. In addition, Fairtrade helps farmers access international markets and non-predatory loans for working capital.
Fairtrade also encourages traditional low-impact sustainable farming which small coffee farmers have traditionally followed, such as organic and shade-grown practices. Fairtrade ensures their ability to continue as responsible stewards of the land.
Transfair Canada is a non-profit Fairtrade monitoring organization with a rigorous audit system which tracks products from farm to market. The Transfair logo on our coffee bags verifies compliance to Fairtrade criteria and guarantees that we paid a fair price for the coffee.
Your coffee selection has the potential for powerful economic and social change. Use your power as a consumer to support Fairtrade as an alternative to the injustices of today's global coffee market.


MAIKHAO: The president of the Maikhao Tambon Administrative Council (OrBorTor) was found dead at his home at 164 Moo 3, Tambon Maikhao, Amphur Talang, early yesterday morning, having apparently committed suicide. Pol Capt Adul Nirapai of Phuket Town Police Station said the dead man, Boonchoo Rakrungsimansuk, 55, is believed to have died after swallowing about a liter of pesticide. Though the reason for Boonchoo's death is not clear, police are working on three theories. The first relates to conflicts with a member or members of the OrBorTor. The second relates to missing revenue from water supplies in the area, while the third is linked to the construction of a five-star hotel in Maikhao, a project which had been delayed for quite some time, but which was approved by Boonchoo just a day before his death.


text:
Q: Android NetworkOnMainThreadException when calling Url.OpenStream I get this exception  when running my code on emulator (Android 4.0.3 / API 15). While opening a stream it will throw an exception. Error-message is null.
try {
    String adress        = "xxx";
    URL url              = new URL(adress);
    InputSource source   = new InputSource(url.openStream());

} catch (Exception e) {
    (new TextView).setText("Error: "+e.getMessage());
}

URL is still working with the emulator (in browser).
I have cleaned the project.
Also Internet connection is allowed:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

Exception : android.os.NetworkOnMainThreadException

A: Please never run a networking operation on the main (UI) thread .
Main thread is used to:

*

*interact with user.

*render UI components.

any long operation on it may risk your app to be closed with ANR message.
Take a look at the following :

*

*Keeping your application Responsive

*NetworkOnMainThreadException
you can easily use an AsyncTask or a Thread to perform your network operations.
Here is a great tutorial about threads and background work in android: Link

A: Works for me:
Manifest.xml:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

.java:
private static boolean DEVELOPER_MODE = true;
...
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

     if (DEVELOPER_MODE) {
         StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(new StrictMode.ThreadPolicy.Builder()
                 .detectDiskReads()
                 .detectDiskWrites()
                 .detectNetwork()   // or .detectAll() for all detectable problems
                 .penaltyLog()
                 .build());
         StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder()
                 .detectLeakedSqlLiteObjects()
                 .detectLeakedClosableObjects()
                 .penaltyLog()
                 .penaltyDeath()
                 .build());
     }
...

hope it helps.
see also : http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/StrictMode.html


National Fleet Services is a business that provides a broad range of customized solutions to hundreds of commercial fleets across the United States and Canada. With over 20 years of consulting and compliance experience, National Fleet Services has been providing client requested services including: regulatory/D.O.T compliance services, equipment titling & registration, and driver qualification services. As an ATA Featured Product company, we also provide leading industry Tax Recovery Services (refunds), taxation consulting, fuel tax reporting, and business advisory services aimed at reducing operating cost and improving the Operating Ratio. National Fleet Services guiding principles are integrity, education and respect. These guiding principles help the company to continually focus on our Mission Statement– "Facilitating the Growth and Prosperity of the Trucking Industry."


S.Res. 472 (115th): A resolution designating April 5, 2018, as "Gold Star Wives Day".
This simple resolution was agreed to on April 17, 2018. That is the end of the legislative process for a simple resolution.
S.Res. 472 (115th) was a simple resolution in the United States Congress.
A resolution designating April 5, 2018, as "Gold Star Wives Day", S. Res. 472, 115th Cong. (2018).
|quote=A resolution designating April 5, 2018, as "Gold Star Wives Day".


Huawei will not be able to launch its flagship phone with a US carrier as anticipated.
LAS VEGAS—The Las Vegas Convention Center is plastered with Huawei ads, but the global No. 3 cell phone maker's CES may have been ruined today. The Wall Street Journal reported, and we can independently confirm, that Huawei won't be able to announce a deal to sell its Mate 10 Pro phone with AT&T tomorrow.
The Journal goes even further than what we've heard from our own sources, saying that AT&T has "walked away from" its entire deal to sell Huawei phones. We'd heard of a delay, but not a cancellation.
The new report counters a previous report from The Information that AT&T would start selling the Mate 10 in February, and puts into question Huawei CEO Richard Yu's proclamation in late 2017 that US carriers would start selling his phones "next year."
Huawei has been butting its head against the US market for years. It came under scrutiny from Congress in 2012 about potentially spying for the Chinese government, which it denies vehemently. But since then, Huawei's network equipment has been anathema to US carriers and the company has had trouble finding a foothold for its phones at carriers, which control the vast majority of US phone sales.
I've written before about why Huawei has failed in the US where ZTE, which also came under a Congressional spotlight at one point, has done well. A lot of it may come down to having a highly autonomous, locally controlled US subsidiary that develops specific products for the US and builds strong relationships with US carriers and retailers. ZTE did that, and Huawei didn't.
Could It Be the Radios?
If Huawei is just trying to push the global Mate 10 into the US market, it may not be making it through AT&T's labs. We recently had Cellular Insights analyze the RF performance of leading Android and iOS smartphones, and included a global Mate 10 Pro in the test but not in the resulting story.
That's because the Mate 10 Pro scored very poorly on the US's popular LTE Band 4, especially in weak signal conditions. The Mate 10 Pro completely lost Band 4 connectivity at -124dBm, 6dBm worse than the LG V30, and at pretty much every level blow -101dBm it performed worse than all of the leading smartphones we tested, including the Intel-based iPhone.
At the time, we thought this was just because the Mate 10 Pro hadn't been tuned and optimized for Band 4. But perhaps the results we saw caused AT&T to reconsider carrying the phone.
"Over the past five years Huawei has proven itself by delivering premium products with integrity globally and in the US market. On Tuesday Huawei will introduce new products to the US market, including availabilty," the company said in a statement.


Built on the ISO/IEC 18014-3 and ANSI X9.95 Trusted Time Stamp standards, the AbsoluteProof Service from Surety ensures the integrity of electronic records, files or any digital content by establishing that they were created at a specific point in time and have not been tampered with since. It is the only long-lived, independently verifiable data integrity protection service in the world.
AbsoluteProof protects the integrity of your electronic records and files by cryptographically "sealing" them using an AbsoluteProof Seal. This Seal binds a "digital fingerprint" of your file to a reliable timestamp representing the current time. This fingerprint is unique to the file so that even the slightest change in it will cause the fingerprint to change. Fingerprints are computed using what is called a secure hash function, and therefore, they are also referred to as hash values. The AbsoluteProof Sealing process is depicted below.
It is important to note that during the "sealing" process, the customer's records or files never leave the customer's network. Only the file fingerprint is sent to Surety. There is no way to obtain information about the original content from the file's fingerprint.
A record of the Seal is stored in the AbsoluteProof Universal Registry database. The mechanism AbsoluteProof uses to bind the fingerprint and time value is called Hash-Chain Linking. This process makes Surety's record of time stamps tamper-evident, preventing modification, backdating, or reordering of entries. The hash chain consists of a series of Summary Hash Values (SHVs), where each value is a function of all content fingerprints processed up to that time. The process starts out with a seed SHV to produce the next SHV. The entire chain can be mathematically validated at any time. A single change anywhere in the chain will cause the validation attempt to fail. The following diagram illustrates the Universal Registry and the Hash-Chain Linking process.
The above diagram is a simplification, as many files and documents actually can be linked into the chain at a single time instant. This is done by aggregating many document and file fingerprints into a single hash using a construct called a Merkle tree. The use of Merkle trees makes the linking process extremely scalable. This process is described in more detail in the AbsoluteProof Technical Whitepaper.
As an extra measure of security, Surety publishes a weekly summary hash value in The New York Times. This "widely-witnessed" value provides an anchor for the security of the whole system. You can think of this value as a digital fingerprint of all the Seals produced that week. Both Surety's internal records and the individual Seals produced during that week can then be checked against this publically available value to confirm their authenticity.
Surety's open, Widely-Witnessed process makes it impossible for anyone—including Surety—to backdate time stamps or validate electronic records that were not exact copies of the originals.
Any third party can validate a "sealed" record or file easily by using the free, downloadable AbsoluteProof Viewer.
AbsoluteProof Seals are normally validated using the AbsoluteProof Service, but that isn't the only way they can be validated. Seals also can be independently validated using only the Seal and the corresponding widely-witnessed value. These widely-witnessed values will always be available, as The New York Times is archived all over the world, including in the Library of Congress. Independent validation removes Surety from the process of proving the integrity of your electronic records and documents. With independent validation you are in complete control of the validation process. That process can done today, tomorrow, 150 years from now, or for however long the records or files need to exist.
Surety has a patented Seal renewal process that enables you to "upgrade" your level of protection when newer and stronger hashing technology becomes available. This means that you can have the integrity protection that can last the lifetime of your records - regardless of how long you need to maintain them.
Read More. Get the AbsoluteProof Technical Whitepaper.


text:
require File.expand_path("../../../spec_helper", __FILE__)

describe "String#scrub with a default replacement" do
  it "returns self for valid strings" do
    input = "foo"

    input.scrub.should == input
  end

  it "replaces invalid byte sequences" do
    "abc\u3042\x81".scrub.should == "abc\u3042\uFFFD"
  end

  it "returns a copy of self when the input encoding is BINARY" do
    input = "foo".encode('BINARY')

    input.scrub.should == "foo"
  end

  it "replaces invalid byte sequences when using ASCII as the input encoding" do
    input = "abc\u3042\xE3\x80".force_encoding('ASCII')

    input.scrub.should == "abc?????"
  end
end

describe "String#scrub with a custom replacement" do
  it "returns self for valid strings" do
    input = "foo"

    input.scrub("*").should == input
  end

  it "replaces invalid byte sequences" do
    "abc\u3042\x81".scrub("*").should == "abc\u3042*"
  end

  it "replaces groups of sequences together with a single replacement" do
    "\xE3\x80".scrub("*").should == "*"
  end

  it "raises ArgumentError for replacements with an invalid encoding" do
    block = lambda { "foo\x81".scrub("\xE4") }

    block.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
  end

  it "raises TypeError when a non String replacement is given" do
    block = lambda { "foo\x81".scrub(1) }

    block.should raise_error(TypeError)
  end
end

describe "String#scrub with a block" do
  it "returns self for valid strings" do
    input = "foo"

    input.scrub { |b| "*" }.should == input
  end

  it "replaces invalid byte sequences" do
    replaced = "abc\u3042\xE3\x80".scrub { |b| "<#{b.unpack("H*")[0]}>" }

    replaced.should == "abc\u3042<e380>"
  end

  it "replaces invalid byte sequences using a custom encoding" do
    replaced = "\x80\x80".scrub do |bad|
      bad.encode(Encoding::UTF_8, Encoding::Windows_1252)
    end

    replaced.should == "€€"
  end
end

describe "String#scrub!" do
  it "modifies self for valid strings" do
    input = "a\x81"
    input.scrub!
    input.should == "a\uFFFD"
  end

  it "accepts blocks" do
    input = "a\x81"
    input.scrub! { |b| "<?>" }
    input.should == "a<?>"
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub