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Meningococcal infection
Meningococcal disease refers to any illness caused by bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis, also known as meningococcus [muh-ning-goh-KOK-us]. These illnesses are often severe and can be deadly. They include infections of the lining of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis) and bloodstream infections (bacteremia or septicemia) meningococcal infection is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, headache, and stiff neck. It is often accompanied by other symptom
Meningococcal Disease CD
Meningococci are a type of bacteria that cause serious infections. The most common infection is meningitis, which is an inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Meningococci can also cause other problems, including a serious bloodstream infection called sepsis. Meningococcal infections can spread from person to person
MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTIONS — page 4 . MenACWY-CRM are interchangeable when booster doses are required. For persons aged less than 2 years, MenACWY-D is available for persons 9 months through 23 months. 5 y. recommended. Vaccination with meningococcal conjugate vaccine is routinely recommended for all persons 11 years through 18 years of age
Meningococcal disease describes infections caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (also termed meningococcus). It has a high mortality rate if untreated but is vaccine-preventable . While best known as a cause of meningitis , it can also result in sepsis , which is an even more damaging and dangerous condition
1. Health Bull (Edinb). 1997 Jan;55(1):7-9. Meningococcal infection. O'Brien SJ, Smart LE. PMID: 9090171 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types
What are the symptoms of meningococcal infection? Common early warning symptoms. Many children who are developing meningitis or septicaemia have nonspecific symptoms such... Rash - commonly occurs, but not always. A typical rash is common with meningococcal infection. The rash is red or purple..
Signs and Symptoms of Meningococcal Disease CD
ated intravascular coagulation
Meningococcal meningitisis a rare but serious bacterial infection. It causes the membranes that cover the brainand spinal cord to become inflamed. Each year, approximately 1,000 people in the U.S..
Meningococcal infections are caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis (meningococci) and include meningitis and sepsis. Infection is spread by direct contact with nasal and throat secretions. People feel generally ill and have other, often serious symptoms, depending on the area infected
Meningococcal Infections: MedlinePlu
Artenstein MS, Gold R, Zimmerly JG, Wyle FA, Branche WC, Jr, Harkins C. Cutaneous reactions and antibody response to meningococcal group C polysaccharide vaccines in man. J Infect Dis. 1970 Apr; 121 (4):372-377. [Google Scholar] Gold R, Artenstein MS. Meningococcal infections. 2
Meningococcemia is a bacterial infection of the blood due to Neisseria meningitidis, also called meningococcal bacteremia or meningococcal sepsis. As the name suggests, this bacterium is best known for causing meningococcal meningitis, which occurs in up to 20% of those with meningococcemia
Meningococcal meningitis is characterised by high fever, severe headache, stiff neck followed by drowsiness, vomiting, fear of bright light, or rash; it can cause brain damage or even death. The brain damage may lead to intellectual impairment, mental retardation, hearing loss and electrolyte imbalance
Meningococcal infection . Title. Research Research Listen. Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. This section provides resources to help you learn about medical research and ways to get involved. Clinical Research Resources.
Meningococcal septicaemia is a potentially fatal blood infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, a type of bacteria that causes bacterial meningitis. When someone has meningococcal septicemia, the bacteria enter the bloodstream and multiply, damaging the walls of the blood vessels and causing bleeding into the skin and organs
Meningococcal infection can cause meningitis or septicemia. The main symptoms of these diseases are: High fever; Severe headache; Nausea and vomiting; Deterioration of overall condition; Rash or tiny, pinpoint hemorrhages or blue spots on the skin; Meningococcal infection can lead to serious complications. When to consul
ant disease with death ensuing within hours of the onset of clinical symptoms. The clinical manifestations of both meningococcal meningitis and meningococcemia will be reviewed here
Background: Meningococcal disease is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis). Household contacts have the highest risk of contracting the disease during the first week of a case being detected
If meningococcal infection is not yet confirmed treat as per Sepsis; Duration of antibiotics is 5 days ; For additional management see Sepsis and Meningitis and encephalitis; Ward management / other treatment considerations: Isolation Meningococcal disease is spread person-to.
Meningococcal disease - Wikipedi
Meningococcal meningitis is caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis (also known as meningococcus). Meningococcus is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children and teens. It is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in adults. The infection occurs more often in winter or spring. It may cause local epidemics at boarding.
The annual incidence of meningococcal disease in patients <21 years of age was estimated at 2.9 and 21.7 cases/100000 population for children < 1 year of age. One hundred fifty patients (51%) <21 years of age with 151 episodes of invasive meningococcal infections were treated at our institution
Meningococcal infections are illnesses caused by bacteria. The most common forms of infections are meningitis and meningococcemia. Meningitis is infection of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Meningococcemia is infection of the bloodstream
The diagnosis of meningococcal infection will be reviewed here [ 2-4 ]. The gold standard for the diagnosis of systemic meningococcal infection is the isolation of N. meningitidis from a usually sterile body fluid, such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid, or, less commonly, synovial, pleural, or pericardial fluid
Meningococcal disease is contagious. It is transmitted through close and prolonged contact with mucus from an infected person. Symptoms include a rash and fever. Meningococcal can affect people of all ages, but can be prevented with vaccination. Meningococcal disease is treated with antibiotics
Invasive meningococcal infection is an 'urgent' notifiable condition and must be notified by medical practitioners and pathology services immediately by telephone upon initial diagnosis (presumptive or confirmed). Pathology services must follow up with written notification within 5 days. This is a Victorian statutory requirement Meningococcal infections can progress rapidly to serious disease or death in previously healthy people. The overall mortality risk for IMD is high (5-10%), even if the person receives appropriate antibiotic therapy. Around one-third of children and adolescents who survive IMD develop permanent sequelae. These can include: 84 . limb deformit The concerning infection comes after a 29-year-old man from Adelaide died in March with a serotype W strain of the disease.. He was diagnosed posthumously of being infected with meningococcal. Meningococcal disease is a serious illness that usually causes meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord) and/or septicaemia (blood poisoning). Rare forms of the disease include septic arthritis (joint infection), pneumonia (lung infection) and conjunctivitis (infection of the outer lining of the eye and eyelid)
Meningococcal infection is caused by a bacterium called Neisseria meningitidis (also called the meningococcus, plural meningococci). There are 13 different types of meningococcus, but most infections in Australia are caused by types B and W. Meningococcal infection is a notifiable condition 1 This form of meningococcal infection may be mistaken for bacterial endocarditis, rheumatic fever, immune-mediated vasculitis, or mononucleosis. How can meningococcal infection be prevented Causes. Meningococcal disease is caused by an infection with the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that about one in 10 people have these bacteria in their respiratory and throat secretions without becoming ill. 1 Meningococcal infection is an illness caused by bacteria. The most common forms of infection are meningitis and meningococcemia. Meningitis is infection of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Meningococcemia is infection of the bloodstream. Meningococcal infection is not common, but can be fatal What is meningococcal disease? Meningococcal disease is an illness caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis.The two common presentations of meningococcal infection are meningococcal meningitis (infection of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord) and meningococcemia (infection of the bloodstream).An infected individual may suffer one or both of these diseases
Meningococcal disease is an invasive infection of Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) in: Meningococcal disease cases overwhelmingly show symptoms of meningitis (inflammation of the meninges) or septicaemia (blood poisoning). It can also present as a combination of both or as a rarer clinical presentation, such as joint infection It can be used for travelers going to areas where meningococcal disease is more common or is epidemic. In the early 2000s, the vaccine has been suggested for use in incoming college freshmen, particularly those living in dormitories. These students appear to have a somewhat higher risk of meningococcal infections
Meningococcal Infection Symptoms and Treatment Patien
Notified cases of meningococcal infection in Victoria, 1990-2003, by age group 0 50 100 150 200 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 200 These bacteria commonly cause an upper respiratory infection but can cause meningococcal meningitis when they enter the bloodstream. This is a highly contagious infection that affects mainly teenagers and young adults. It may cause local epidemics in college dormitories, boarding schools and military bases. A vaccine can help prevent infection Meningococcal disease is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, a Gram-negative diplococcus which is not only a common bacterial commensal of the nasopharynx but can also cause septicaemia (meningococcaemia), meningitis or both. [] Meningococcal disease may also present with septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, conjunctivitis, endophthalmitis and chronic meningococcaemia. [ Meningococcal infection Meningococcal infection is a serious illness caused by a bacterium known as meningococcus. There are several different groups of meningococci and cases of group B meningococcal infection continue to occur in the UK. Since the introduction of vaccination against group C meningococcus in the UK in 1999, infection due to. Bacterial co-infection in the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 is associated with poor outcomes but remains little understood. A 22-year-old woman presented with a 3-week history of fever, headache, neck stiffness, rigours and confusion. She was noted to have a purpuric rash over her hands and feet. Cerebrospinal fluid bacterial PCR was positive for Neisseria meningitidis
Meningococcemia Definition Meningococcemia is the presence of meningococcus in the bloodstream. Meningococcus, a bacteria formally called Neisseria meningitidis, can be one of the most dramatic and rapidly fatal of all infectious diseases. Causes and symptoms Meningococcemia, a relatively uncommon infection, occurs most commonly in children and young. tinguish the early stages of meningococcal disease from more benign conditions such as viral infections,particu-larly when myalgia is a prominent symptom.It has been proposed that the absence of irritability, lethargy, or decreased peripheral pefusion makes meningococcal disease unlikely.10 However,in our opinion this still risk Meningococcal disease is a bacterial infection that causes two very serious illnesses: meningitis (an infection of the membranes that cover the brain) and septicaemia (blood poisoning). Meningococcal disease is caused by a bacterial infection and can cause death or permanent disability, such as deafness
Meningococcal disease - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Meningococcal Infections. Meningococcal infections are caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis (meningococci) and include meningitis and sepsis. Infection is spread by direct contact with nasal and throat secretions. People feel generally ill and have other, often serious symptoms, depending on the area infected Meningococcal infection What is meningococcal infection? Meningococcus is a bacterial infection which can make people sick very quickly. Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics. When it invades the blood stream it is called meningococcal septicaemia and when it spreads into the linings of the brain (the meninges) it is called.
Meningococcal Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments
Meningococcal infections are caused by a bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis.The most common forms of meningococcal infections include meningitis (infection of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord) and meningococcemia (blood stream infections). Meningococcal infections are uncommon, but can be fatal Version 05/2018 Meningococcal Infections, Page 3 EPIDEMIOLOGY Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and other serious infections worldwide with a rate for endemic disease of 0.5-5/100,000 persons. Devastating epidemics occur in countries throughout the meningitis belt of Africa Meningococcal disease is caused by bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis. People with meningococcal disease spread the bacteria to others through close personal contact such as living together or kissing. A person with meningococcal disease needs immediate medical attention. The symptoms of meningococcal disease can vary based on the type of. Neisseria meningitidis is an obligate human commensal bacterium that frequently colonises the upper respiratory tract. Person-to-person transmission occurs via direct contact or through dispersion of respiratory droplets from a carrier of the bacteria, and can lead to invasive meningococcal disease. Rare sporadic cases of meningococcal urogenital and anorectal infections, including urethritis.
Meningococcal Infections - Infections - Merck Manuals
Less common manifestations of meningococcal infection include conjunctivitis, septic arthritis, and chronic meningococcemia. Invasive infections can be complicated by arthritis, myocarditis, pericarditis, and endophthalmitis. The overall case-fatality rate for meningococcal disease is ~15% and is somewhat higher in late adolescence and in adults Meningococcal Infection, Invasive . Neisseria meningitidis . Including Meningitis, Meningococcemia, and Other Invasive Infections . IMMEDIATELY REPORTABLE DISEASE Per N.J.A.C. 8:57, healthcare providers and administrators shall immediately report by telephone confirmed and suspected cases of invasive meningococcal disease to th The estimated rates of meningococcal infection per 100 PY were 0.1 (95% CI, 0.0-0.4) for the P-Abx group and 0.1 (95% CI, 0.1-0.4) for the No P-Abx group (Table 2). CONCLUSIONS. Rates of meningococcal infection were consistent with previously reported rates and were similar in PNH patients who received eculizumab therapy with or without P-Abx Meningococcal infections are illnesses caused by bacteria. The most common forms of infections are meningitis and meningococcemia. Meningitis is infection of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Meningococcemia is infection of the bloodstream. Meningococcal infections are not common, but they can be fatal Meningococcal disease is an acute contagious life-threatening illness, characterised by fever, petechial or purpuric rash, and signs of sepsis and/or meningitis. It is a notifiable disease in the UK.May progress rapidly to septic shock, with hypotension, acidosis, and disseminated intravascular coa
Meningococcal infections - National Institutes of Healt
Meningococcal infections are not common, but they can be fatal. They occur most often in late winter and early spring. Children are more often affected, but the illnesses also occur in teens and adults
Meningococcal disease usually takes the form of a blood infection (septicaemia) or an infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord ( meningitis ). These infections can develop quickly and can cause serious illness or death. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are vital
Meningococcal infection is a notifiable infectious disease in Western Australia. Alert: cases must be reported urgently by telephone to the public health units (Healthy WA) within a few hours of first suspicion of diagnosis. See notifiable communicable disease case definitions (Word 1.29MB)
Invasive meningococcal infections are caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), a gram-negative diplococcus. There are 13 serogroups of N. meningitidis; nine of these serogroups are known to cause invasive disease (A, B, C1+, C1-, L, X, Y, W-135, and Z) in humans
Meningococcal infection is uncommon, and not easily spread, but it can cause serious complications, including: meningitis - an infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord. septicaemia - an infection of the blood. infections in other parts of the body, such as in the joints. Meningococcal infections can start suddenly and become. A self-limiting postinfectious inflammatory syndrome occurs in fewer than 10% of cases 4 or more days after onset of meningococcal infection and most commonly presents as fever and arthritis or vasculitis. Iritis, scleritis, conjunctivitis, pericarditis, and polyserositis are less common manifestations of postinfectious inflammatory syndrome..
Meningococcal infection is spread from person to person by coughing, sneezing, or close face-to-face contact. It can also be spread through saliva (spit). This can occur through activities such as kissing or sharing of food, drinks, cigarettes, lipsticks, water bottles, mouth guards used for sports, or mouthpieces of musical instruments.. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines (MCV4)—Licensed for people 55 years and younger. May protect against serogroups A, C, W, and Y or C and Y. Serogroup B meningococcal vaccines (MenB)—Licensed for people 10 years or older who are at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal infections. May protect against serogroup B
developing a meningococcal infection. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1) for additional guidance on the management of the risk of meningococcal infection]. • Vaccination reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of meningococcal infections. Monitor patients for early signs of meningococcal infections and evaluate immediately if infection Teenagers and first-time university students are also offered vaccination against meningococcal group C bacteria as part of the combined meningitis ACWY vaccine. MMR vaccine. The MMR vaccine offers protection against measles, mumps and rubella. Meningitis can sometimes occur as a complication of these infections Meningococcal infection is similar to other forms of meningitis, with sudden onset of fever, headache and stiff neck, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia (sensitivity to light) or altered mental status. Meningococcal sepsis (meningococcemia or bacteremia) is the most severe form an
Meningococcal disease is an infection caused by a strain of bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis. This invasive bacteria is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis in children ages 2. A meningococcal infection can cause meningitis or septicaemia. The PHA said it is informed about all cases of probable or confirmed meningococcal infection and will take appropriate actions. Risk Factors for Death from Meningococcal Infection in Recife, Brazil by Maria C. M. B. Duarte,a Melânia R. Amorim,a Luis E. Cuevas,b José E. Cabral-Filho,a and Jailson B. Correiaa,c a Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil b Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and cDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK Downloaded from.
Fewer cases of meningococcal infection were identified in England and Wales during 1992 than in 1991. The 1301 isolates received by the PHLS Meningococcal Reference Unit represented a decrease of 7%, continuing the trend of the last two years Meningococcal disease is a rare, but potentially devastating infection in travellers caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis.: The most common forms of meningococcal disease are meningitis (infection of the protective lining around the brain and spine) and septicaemia (blood poisoning)
Meningococcemia (Meningococcal Disease) - MedicineNe
Home | SA Healt The association between respiratory infection and meningococcal carriage remains unclear, but some studies indicate a positive relationship between carriage acquisition and symptoms of respiratory disease, like sore throat or rhinitis [Reference Mueller 5]. Localised epidemics of meningococcal meningitis occur frequently in the belt, but there. INTRODUCTION. Meningococcal meningitis affects sub-Saharan Africa in a unique and distinctive way. In a region known as the meningitis belt, which spans the continent from Senegal to Ethiopia [Reference Lapeyssonnie 1, Reference Molesworth 2], there is an increase in incidence of meningococcal meningitis every dry season, which dies out when the first rains arrive [Reference Moore 3]
Centre for Health Protection - Meningococcal Infectio
Meningococcal disease (sometimes called invasive meningococcal disease or IMD) is a severe infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. Neisseria meningitidis can infect the meninges, a thin layer of tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord. It can also cause infection of the blood Meningococcal (muh-nin-jo-cok-ul) disease is a serious bacterial illness that can lead to severe swelling of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meningitis) or infection of the bloodstream (meningococcal septicemia or meningococcemia). Pneumonia (lung infection) also occurs, but is less common. Burde Meningococcal Disease Who should get meningococcal vaccine? Adolescents are recommended to receive two doses of the meningococcal vaccine that prevents infection with types A, C, W, and Y. The first dose is recommended at 11 or 12 years of age, followed by a booster dose at age 16. The vaccine is also recommended for persons at increased risk fo
meningococcal serogroup C began in 2003. Since 2014, notification rates of invasive meningococcal disease have increased as the number of infections caused by serogroups B, W and Y have increased. From July 2018, the Australian National Immunisation Program was updated to include infant vaccinations against meningococcal serogroups A, C, W and Y The outcome of meningococcal disease has improved in recent years as a result of improvements in the recognition, resuscitation, stabilisation, transfer, and ongoing care of these children. However, despite these improvements, meningococcal infection remains the main infectious cause of death in children in the UK tinguish the early stages of meningococcal disease from more benign conditions such as viral infections,particu-larly when myalgia is a prominent symptom.It has been proposed that the absence of irritability, lethargy, or decreased peripheral pefusion makes meningococcal disease unlikely.10 However,in our opinion this still risk
Meningococcal infection Genetic and Rare Diseases
meningococcal disease include meningitis (infection of the meninges, which is a system of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), septicemia (blood infection), pneumonia (lung infection) and septic arthritis (joint infection). Signs and Symptoms The incubation period of meningitis is three to four days, with a range of two to 10 days overwhelming meningococcal infections, shock, coma, and death can follow within several hours, even with appropriate medical treatment. How serious is meningococcal disease? Meningococcal disease caused by any serogroup is very serious. About 15% of people with meningococcal recent viral infection, household crowding, and cigarett Meningococcal disease is a rigorous infection of meninges; in this disease, the membrane of the brain is affected which causes the brain damage. It is caused by Neisseria meningitides bacteria. This bacterium also causes bloodstream infections occurs when meningococcal bacteria enter the bloodstream and rapidly multiply uncontrollably. This is the most serious and deadly type of meningococcal disease. Meningococcal septicaemia can lead to death within a few hours. The death rate from meningococcal septicaemia is around 10%, and around 20% will b Meningococcal meningitis is an infection that results in inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. Drugs used to treat Meningitis, Meningococcal The following list of medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of this condition..
meningococcal infection as a cause of death and linked to a laboratory-confirmed case. Invasive meningococcal disease in England: epidemiological year 2019 to 2020 Health Protection Report Volume 15 Number 1 4 Vaccine coverage The introduction of a routine national MenB immunisation programme for infants wa Meningococcal disease is a contagious bacterial disease caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis (N meningitidis) with high fatality rates: up to 15% for infection of the central nervous system (meningitis) and up to 50% to 60% among patients with blood stream infection and shock; up to 15% of survivors are left with severe neurological deficits Meningococcal disease is a rare but serious infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus). Meningococcal disease includes meningitis (infection of the thin lining covering the brain and spinal cord) and meningococcemia (infection of the blood). The infection can also occur as pneumonia (an infection of the lungs) or in.
There are several vaccines to prevent meningococcal infection. The conjugate meningococcal vaccine covers 4 of the most common serogroups that can cause meningococcal meningitis (A, C, W, and Y). This vaccine is recommended for children aged 11 to 12 years, with a booster dose around age 16 years A 21-year-old woman is fighting for her life in intensive care after becoming infected with meningococcal disease. On Monday, South Australia Health said multiple people who had close contact with. The age distribution of meningococcal capsular groups causing IMD is summarised in table 2, with capsular group B (MenB) accounting for 74% (14 out of 19) of all cases, followed by meningococcal W. Meningococcal disease - antibiotics for close contacts of a person with meningococcal infection: ciprofloxacin, rifampicin. Category: Infections and Parasites. Topic: Bacterial Infections. Send by email View as PDF Send by post Close contacts of a person with meningococcal disease sometimes develop the disease..
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package com.google.example.gms.nativeads;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.google.android.gms.ads.formats.NativeCustomTemplateAd;

/**
 * A class that creates, holds, and populates the view assets for a {@link NativeCustomTemplateAd}
 * with a specific DFP template.
 */
public class SimpleCustomTemplateAdViewHolder extends AdViewHolder {

    public static final String DFP_TEMPLATE_ID = "10063170";
    public static final String HEADLINE_TEMPLATE_FIELD_NAME = "Headline";
    public static final String CAPTION_TEMPLATE_FIELD_NAME = "Caption";
    public static final String MAINIMAGE_TEMPLATE_FIELD_NAME = "MainImage";

    private View mAdView;
    private ImageView mMainImage;
    private TextView mHeadline;
    private TextView mCaption;

    /**
     * Stores the View for a {@link NativeCustomTemplateAd} and locates specific {@link View}s used
     * to display assets for the "simple" custom template.
     *
     * @param adView the {@link View} used to display assets for a native ad.
     */
    public SimpleCustomTemplateAdViewHolder(View adView) {
        mAdView = adView;

        mMainImage = (ImageView) mAdView.findViewById(R.id.simplecustom_image);
        mHeadline = (TextView) mAdView.findViewById(R.id.simplecustom_headline);
        mCaption = (TextView) mAdView.findViewById(R.id.simplecustom_caption);
    }

    /**
     * Populates the asset {@link View}s with data
     * from the {@link NativeCustomTemplateAd} object. This method is invoked when an
     * {@link SimpleCustomTemplateAdFetcher} has successfully loaded a
     * {@link NativeCustomTemplateAd}.
     *
     * @param customTemplateAd the ad that is to be displayed
     */
    public void populateView(final NativeCustomTemplateAd customTemplateAd) {
        mHeadline.setText(customTemplateAd.getText(HEADLINE_TEMPLATE_FIELD_NAME));
        mCaption.setText(customTemplateAd.getText(CAPTION_TEMPLATE_FIELD_NAME));

        mMainImage.setImageDrawable(
                customTemplateAd.getImage(MAINIMAGE_TEMPLATE_FIELD_NAME).getDrawable());
        mMainImage.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                customTemplateAd.performClick(MAINIMAGE_TEMPLATE_FIELD_NAME);
            }
        });

        mAdView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
    }

    /**
     * Processes the custom click events from the {@link NativeCustomTemplateAd}. In this case, a
     * {@link Toast} is displayed, but other applications might change UI elements or enable/disable
     * inputs in response to these click events.
     *
     * @param customTemplateAd the ad object that's invoking the method
     * @param assetName        the name of the asset that was clicked by the user
     */
    public void processClick(NativeCustomTemplateAd customTemplateAd,
                             String assetName) {
        Context context = mAdView.getContext();
        String messageFormatString = context.getResources().getString(R.string.custom_click_toast);
        String message = String.format(messageFormatString, assetName,
                customTemplateAd.getCustomTemplateId());
        Toast.makeText(context, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    /**
     * Hides the {@link View} used to display the native ad.
     */
    @Override
    public void hideView() {
        mAdView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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As you wander along its cobbled alleys and grand boulevards, hear from a local guide about the fascinating history that shaped the Czech capital. Meander past Mozart's house and find out why Prague is also known as Mozart's Mistress. Learn about the esoteric teachings of astronomers during the Renaissance and the ancient wisdom of Kabbalah that also flourished here throughout the centuries.
To top off your leisurely evening, embark on an hour-long scenic river cruise with a glass of beer or wine. Enjoy awe-inspiring views of the UNESCO-listed Prague Castle and the ancient bridges that provide an enchanting backdrop.


The Annual General Assembly of the International Ski Mountaineering was held in Stockholm last Saturday, - June 14, 2014, with the participation of 21 national federations. The decisions taken, together with the innovations for the coming season were presented to all the members. First, the presentation of the 2014/2015 sporting calendar, with the World Championship in Verbier from 5 to 12 February, the 5 World Cup events (with 11 races in total) taking place in Puy Saint Vincent – France (Individual and Sprint) on 10/11 January, Andorra - (Individual and Vertical) on 24/25 January, Mount Olympus – Greece (Individual and Vertical) on 21/22 February, Val Martello – Italy (Individual and Sprint) on 28 February/1 March, and concluding three of the specialty cups (Vertical, Individual and Sprint) in Prato Nevoso (Italy) on 27/28/29 March. The ISMF is also pleased to announce that the Assembly voted in favour of the reintroduction of the Long Distance Team races in partnership with La Gande Course. The World Cup calendar is thus enriched by the addition of the Pierra Menta, 12 to 15 March, Adamello Ski Raid on 12 April and Trofeo Mezzalama on 25/26 April. The inclusion of these events into the ISMF sporting calendar is the result of intense negotiations over recent months. The fact that both La Grand Course and the member federations of the ISMF have managed to reach this wonderful conclusion means that all ski mountaineering disciplines are now under the same political and sporting umbrella, a situation that can only be of benefit to the athletes and to the sport as a whole.
The recent provisional approval last April by the International Olympic Committee has induced the ISMF to look more closely at the topic of sustainability when approaching its events. As a result of this, the World Championship in Verbier has been chosen as a pilot study, the evaluation of which will set up the critique required in the future from all ISMF sporting events. Another important objective required by the IOC is an increase in the number of ISMF members. On this front Stockholm was the location of good news, with the admission of two new member countries, the Netherlands and Azerbaijan. In order to encourage the organisation of competitions worldwide, from next season the "ISMF Series" will be grouped into strategic areas of development with the ISMF European Series, the ISMF North American Series and the ISMF Asia-Pacific Series.
The vacancy of the third Vice-President with responsibility for Marketing & Communications has been fulfilled, with the appointment of Arkadi Klepinin from the Russian Federation.


Ever wonder who's calling the shots?
Ever wonder if those in control are reviewing all the resumes?
If not, consider the case of Kid Eternity.
Everyone knows someone like the Kid... The dude who seems just too cool to live.
In his case, though, it's true.
Kid Eternity is Dead, though he tries not to let that cramp his style.
One of the earlier Vertigo series, Kid Eternity follows the Kid Eternity mini-series by Grant Morrison.
By Ann Nocenti & Sean Phillips.
Ever wonder who's calling the shots? Ever wonder if those in control are reviewing all the resumes? If not, consider the case of Kid Eternity. Everyone knows someone like the Kid - the dude who seems just too cool to live. In his case, though, it's true. Kid Eternity is dead, though he tries not to let that cramp his style. In a lot of ways, he's a pretty typical teenager - more interested in the world in his head than in the job at hand, which is to help humanity raise its consciousness and climb the next rung of evolution's ladder. Okay, so the Kid can call on anyone in all history to aid him in his quest, but there we go assuming the Kid's going to notice it when he needs help. The Kid has this small denial problem. When your whole (after)life is just one damned thing after another, you tend to be pretty jaded, and things have to get awfully weird before the Kid gets moving. This eccentric ongoing series combines throwaway snippings and clippings of philosophy, psychology, mythology, religion and things that go "bump" in the night, all within the framework of a fast-moving story.
Woken from a nightmare, Kid Eternity calls upon Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud to resolve his past in order to move forward.
Kid Eternity finds love - but love is in worse shape than he bargained for.
It's a road trip for the Kid, who, in typical fashion, drives right into a race riot.


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class AddAliasToTags < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def change
    add_column :tags, :alias, :string
  end
end


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Higher Education diploma (3)
Bachelor (44)
Health and Biomedicine (12) Apply Health and Biomedicine filter
VU Business School (1) Apply VU Business School filter
VU College (4) Apply VU College filter
Bachelor degrees (undergraduate)
Bachelor of Sport Science (Human Movement)/Bachelor of Sport Management
Code: SBHS Level: Bachelor Campus: Footscray Park
Follow your passion for sport into the health and fitness or sport-management fields. Our double degree opens many exciting career options.
Bachelor of Sport Management/Bachelor of Business
Code: SBSB Level: Bachelor Campus: Footscray Park
Aim for an exciting career in sport or business, with a double degree from VU. Our Bachelor of Sport Management/Bachelor of Business...
Bachelor of Education (P-12)
Code: EBED Level: Bachelor Campus: Footscray Park
If you want the option of teaching at primary or secondary level, the Bachelor of Education (P12) is for you.
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Take a leading role in exciting, large-scale building construction with VU's Bachelor of Construction Management (Honours).
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Prepare for a career designing practical and sustainable community infrastructure, with a degree in civil engineering from VU.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Many beautiful pieces of jewellery and precious stones were magnificent jewels & noble jewels, that it took place on May 13, 2014 in Geneva by Sotheby's portion of the auction. A 100,09-karätiger yellow diamond was a special highlight of this impressive collection, who was charmed by his fiery yellow golden glow and auctioned at a price of 11.87 million.
Find more about the discovery and history of this remarkable gem.
A rare stroke of luck is finding a diamond like the Graff Vivid Yellow . The famous gemstone lovers Laurence Graff does not believe his eyes when he saw for the first time in the year 2005 the unpolished 190,72-karätigen gem in the South African city of Kimberley. The yellow diamond recalls a fiery shining sun through his gold-colored glitter. He has his original name, Dream Diamond, thanks to its extraordinary beauty. Today he is known according to its new owner as the Graff Vivid Yellow Diamond .
Laurence Graff describes his first impression of the overwhelmingly beautiful diamonds with these words: "…dieser yellow diamond is one of the rarest gems I've ever seen. I knew that the polished diamond that slumbers inside it, is something extraordinary." Based on this conviction, he acquired the promising rough diamonds and his expectations were disappointed in any way.
The indescribable beauty of the yellow diamond, with its impressive size, raised early doubts about its authenticity. These were however by a detailed review of the Gemological Institute of America cleared out.
The testing Institute of international renown confirmed the natural origin of the gemstone and classified its charming color as Fancy Vivid Yellow – the best possible level of color for a yellow diamond.
Ever more precious and promising a diamond in the rough, the greater is the challenge for the grinder. Because while an excellent cut brings the full beauty of a gemstone to days, a carelessly running grinding can destroy irreversibly the optical effect.
A big responsibility therefore weighed on the shoulders of Antonio Bianco, who received the order, to grind the yellow diamond.
Nine months he took time to bring the beautiful color and the Fiery sparkle of precious gemstone. Before he began the actual grinding, he made a detailed study of the rough diamond. What touches form allows you to maintain as much as possible of the original size? How to achieve an intense color effect? These and many more questions needed to be clarified before the grinding work.
The yellow diamond in a 100,09-karätigen gem in the cushion cut was transformed into the elaborate grinding process, charmed by his fiery, orange yellow sparkle.
First the yellow diamond was as a necklace pendant in a magnificent, which was composed of smaller teardrop-shaped diamonds. Today, the Graff Vivid Yellow diamond adorns a ring decorated with numerous small brilliant-cut diamonds. It can be however remains removed from its current version and worn as a pendant.
The Graff Vivid Yellow diamond takes a worthy place on the list of legendary yellow diamonds. He joins here in addition to celebrities, such as the 128,51-karätigen of Tiffany diamonds and the 110,3-karätigen Cora Sun Drop diamond, which in the year 2011 at Sotheby's was auctioned.
You interested in the specifics and history of famous diamonds? In the lexicon of our diamonds may have about celebrities such as the Cullinan Diamond, the Beau Sancy diamond or the Indian Koh-i-Noor diamond inform: Diamond dictionary.


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Home > Kosher Spirit > Articles > The Power of Pomogranates
The Power of Pomogranates
The pomegranate is an ancient fruit native to Iran, but cultivated across the Mediterranean for thousands of years. The word pomegranate derives from the Latin words pomum (apple) and granatus (seeded), owing to its apple like shape and the hundreds of seeds that fill the rind. In Hebrew, the word for pomegranate is rimon, which also means "bell."
On Rosh Hashanah we eat a new fruit and make the blessing of shehechyanu. Many Jews have the custom to use a pomegranate because of the special symbolisms described here.
The pomegranate is one of the Sheva Minim (seven species) of plants that Eretz Yisroel was blessed with, and therefore requires the special brocha achrona for the Sheva Minim. The pomegranate is also a symbol for righteousness, because its 613 seeds correspond to the 613 mitzvos in the Torah. Due to its special symbolism, Shlomo HaMelech used the pomegranate as a decorative symbol in the Beis HaMikdash and also had his own pomegranate orchard.
In Parshas Tetzaveh, the Torah describes the me'il (robe) of the Kohen Gadol. The robe was trimmed with alternating golden bells and pomegranates. It is written in the Talmud (Zevachim 88B) that the pomegranates were embroidered with blue, red and purple yarn. The trimming on the Kohen Gadol's robe served to announce his presence as he entered the sanctuary and to atone for the aveirah of Loshon Hara (slanderous speech). Rabbi Moshe Alshich, a venerated rabbi in Eretz Yisroel who lived during the sixteenth century, explained that each measure of speech (bell) was surrounded by two measures of silence (pomegranates), illustrating the importance of thinking before speaking.
Elsewhere in the Talmud, in the end of Chagigah, the Jewish people are compared to pomegranates. The Talmud explains that the pasuk "Your temple is like a piece of pomegranate…" (Shir HaShirim 4:3) is interpreted to mean "even the empty ones amongst you are full of good deeds as a pomegranate [is full of seeds]."
How to Pick and Cut a Pomegranate
Look for a large fruit, with thin, tough, unbroken skin. Cut with a non-metal knife, as metal can make the juice bitter. Cut off the crown of the fruit and quarter it. Soak in water for five minutes and then separate the seeds under water. This will allow the seeds to settle at the bottom of the bowl and the sediment will rise to the top.
Note: The juice of a pomegranate can cause permanent stains.
The Healing Power of Pomegranates
Pomegranate juice is known as a good remedy for an upset stomach. When the juice or seeds are treated with almond oil, pomegranates can be used to treat chest pain and chronic coughs. When dried and mixed with dried ginger, white cumin and black salt, pomegranate has the power to increase appetite.
Pomegranate is known as a "superfruit" for its high concentration of antioxidants and its reputation as one of the most nutritious fruits. Pomegranate contains calcium, potassium, iron and phytonutrients.
It helps protect the body against heart disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Pomegranate also slows down the aging process, neutralizes free radicals and helps flush fats from the digestive tract.
Pomegranate Juice
Pure pomegranate juice has all of the nutritional properties of the pomegranate fruit. When purchasing bottled pomegranate juice, make sure that the juice has a reliable hechsher.
Even though the juice is pure, with no additives, it may be produced in a facility where other possibly non-kosher products are made.
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Like the Breath of Apples…
Consumer Questions for the OK – Tishrei 5769
5 Tips to protect yourself from Credit & Identity Theft
Tishrei Recipes
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Simchas Beis Hashoeva


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Latest in Need For Speed
'Need For Speed' Sequel? Trio Of Chinese Partners In Early Discussions With EA And DreamWorks
Jiaflix — the company hatched by former Movie Academy head Sid Ganis, Kenneth Huang and Marc Ganis to facilitate the production and distribution of films in China — is partnering with China Movie Channel and 1905 Pictures and are in early talks to develop a sequel to Need For Speed as an official China-U.S…
By Ali Jaafar, Dominic Patten
Apr 8, 2015 6:58 am
UPDATE: Intl Box Office: 'Need For Speed' Adds $29.2M For No. 1; 'Noah' Reigns In Mexico & Korea With $14M; 'Peabody & Sherman' Crosses $100M; 'Spanish Affairs' Muy Caliente; Asian Pics Advance; More
Highlights: Noah (PAR) floods Mexico and Korea with opening cume of $14M; Muppets Most Wanted (DIS) scores $1.5M in eight debut markets; Need For Speed (DIS/var) drives another $29.2M; 300: Rise Of An Empire (WB) seizes further $21.2M; Mr Peabody & Sherman (FOX) at $103M; Rio 2 (FOX) flies to $10.5M in Russia/Ukraine…
Global Showbiz Watch 30: The Indie TV Buying Spree Podcast
In this week's podcast, Deadline International Editor Nancy Tartaglione and host David Bloom look at what's behind the big buying spree in U.S. and European TV production companies, try to make sense of Bruno Wu's latest complicated and confusing international deal and note another win for the U.K.'s booming production…
By Nancy Tartaglione, David Bloom
Box Office: 'Mr. Peabody & Sherman' No. 1 With $21.8M; 'Need For Speed' Crashes; Tyler Perry's 'Mom's Club' Only $8M, 'Budapest Hotel' Exceptional … Again
OPENING: Need For Speed (DIS) no gas for the DreamWorks pic at $18M to $19M+, then $18M and now at $17.8M; Tyler Perry's The Single Moms Club (LGF) is one of the worst openings for him to date with about $9.1M to $9.4M, now at $8M; Veronica Mars (WB) strong per-screen to take more than $2M+ for the weekend and did…
By Anita Busch
UPDATE: Intl Box Office: 'Rise Of An Empire' Cumes $159.6M; Universal's Spanish Comedy Breaks Records; 'Need For Speed' China Haul Outpaces Domestic; 'Frozen' Hot In Japan; More
2ND UPDATE: 12:35 PM PT MONDAY: Actuals are starting to roll in for the weekend's movies. Holdover 300: Rise Of An Empire was slightly up from estimates, taking $41.6M versus $41.3M from 62 markets for an international cume of $159.6M. Russia remains its top territory with $14.6M. Its worldwide chest is now at about…
Box Office: 'Need For Speed' Late Night Off To Races With $1.1M; Questions For No. 1, 2, and 3 Spots; 'Veronica Mars' Midnight Surprise
UPDATED: 12:45 P.M.: Mr. Peabody & Sherman from Fox/DreamWorks is doing very well today with what looks like a $6M take in early estimates to come in second right now behind Need For Speed which is about $1M to $2M higher. Like I said below, this animated pic will get a nice bump from family audiences this weekend and…
Need For Hit Fuels DreamWorks' Lively And Raucous 'Need For Speed' Hollywood Premiere
There may be lots of speculation about the future of DreamWorks in its current incarnation at Disney as my colleague Mike Fleming wrote earlier this week, but you would never know it from last night's rip-roaring premiere of its latest film, Need For Speed, at the Chinese Theatre. I went in expecting a poor man's Fast…
By Pete Hammond
'Need For Speed' Getting 3D Release
DreamWorks' Aaron Paul-starrer Need For Speed will be available in 3D when it comes out March 14, Disney said today. The Scott Waugh-directed actioner is based on the EA video game franchise and Dominic Cooper, Imogen Poots, Michael Keaton and Dakota Johnson co-star. Need For Speed originally would have been released…
Hot Trailer: DreamWorks' 'Need For Speed'
Aaron Paul's first post-Breaking Bad gig is as the star of DreamWorks and Disney's Need For Speed, the actioner based on the EA video game franchise. He plays a mechanic who races cars on an unsanctioned circuit and who, after doing time for a crime he didn't commit, is bent on revenge on the driver who killed his…
Hot Trailer: Aaron Paul In 'Need For Speed'
Nice timing, Disney and DreamWorks. Aaron Paul is pistol-hot as we count the days before the Breaking Bad finale, and now comes the first Need For Speed trailer. Paul plays a mechanic who races muscle cars on an unsanctioned circuit. After doing time for a crime he didn't commit, he's bent on revenge on the guy who…
Comic-Con: EA, Blur Studio, 'Deus Ex' Reps Set For Video Game-To-Film Panel
EXCLUSIVE: Comic books may be Hollywood's hottest current wellspring of source material, but at Comic-Con 2013 a panel of industry experts will discuss what could be the next. "Video Games to Movies: Is The Golden Age Upon Us?" is slotted for Thursday, July 18, at the Hilton Bayfront's Indigo Ballroom. Panel is set to…
By Jen Yamato
Jul 1, 2013 4:30 pm
'Need For Speed' Release Date Moved To March 14, 2014
Need For Speed will open wide on March 14, 2014, five weeks later than its original date of February 7, 2014. The pic now avoids going up against Warner Bros' Lego and Sony/Columbia's Robocop and so far has the March 14th spot to itself. The Scott Waugh-directed Need For Speed focuses on '70s-style fast-paced…


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Main > Fairy tale > All authors > Astrid Lindgren > Fairy tale "Pippi Longstocking"
"All we need to do is wait until the kid and that Nilsson are asleep. Then well sneak in and grab the dough."
They sat down under an oak tree in the garden to wait. A drizzling rain was falling; they were very hungry, so they were quite uncomfortable, but the thought of all that money kept their spirits up.
From time to time lights went out in other houses, but in Villa Villekulla they shone on. It so happened that Pippi was learning to dance the shottische, and she didn't want to go to bed until she was sure she could do it. At last, however, the lights went out in the windows of Villa Villekulla too.
The tramps waited quite a while until they were sure Mr. Nilsson would have gone to sleep. At last they crept quietly up to the kitchen door and prepared to open it with their burglar tools. Meanwhile one of them—his name, as a matter of fact, was Bloom—just happened to feel the doorknob. The door was not locked!
"Well, some people are smart!" he whispered to his companion. 'The door is open!"
"So much the better for us," answered his companion, a black-haired man called Thunder-Karlsson by those who knew him. Thunder-Karlsson turned on his pocket flashlight, and they crept into the kitchen. There was no one there. In the next room was Pippi's bed, and there also stood Mr. Nilsson's little doll bed.
Thunder-Karlsson opened the door and looked around carefully. Everything was quiet as he played his flashlight around the room. When the light touched Pippi's bed the two tramps were amazed to see nothing but a pair of feet on the pillow. Pippi, as usual, had her head under the covers at the foot of the bed.
"That must be the girl," whispered Thunder-Karlsson to Bloom. "And no doubt she sleeps soundly. But where in the world is Nilsson, do you suppose?"
"Mr. Nilsson, if you please," came Pippi's calm voice from under the covers. "Mr. Nilsson is in the little green doll bed."
The tramps were so startled that they almost rushed out at once, but then it suddenly dawned on them what Pippi had said.
The Golden Key Karlsson on the Roof
The Shepherdess and the Chimney-Sweep
Category: Andersen Hans Christian
In a village there lived two men who had the self-same name. Both were named Claus. But one of them owned four horses, and the other owned only one horse; so to distinguish between them people called the man who had four horses Big Claus, and the man who had only one horse Little Claus. Now I'll tell you what happened to these two, for this is a true story.


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Q: How to run currently opened file in python tkinter? I have this program written in python tkinter, which has a text box and a menu. The menu has two options, open file and run file.
The open file lets you open python files and writes the contents of the file into the text box. The run file opens up a file dialog and lets you select a python file to run.
I tried to make it so that when you press the run file button the program will run the currently opened file instead of creating a new file dialog which asks you to select a file to run. However, I ran into a problem doing this.
This is my code so far:
# Imports
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog

# Window
root = Tk()
root.geometry("{0}x{1}+0+0".format(root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight()))

# Global OpenStatusName - used for finding name and status of opened file and use it for saving file and etc
global OpenFileStatusName
OpenFileStatusName = False

# Open File Function
def OpenFile(*args):
    # Ask user for which file they want to open
    FilePath = filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir="C:/gui/", title="Open a File", filetypes=(("All Files", "*.*"), ("Text Files", "*.txt"), ("HTML Files", "*.html"), ("CSS Files", "*.css"),("JavaScript Files", "*.js"), ("Python Files", "*.py")))

    # Check to see if there is a file opened, then find the name and status of the file and use it in code for other things like saving a file and accessing it later
    if FilePath:
        global OpenFileStatusName
        OpenFileStatusName = FilePath

    # Delete Any Previous Text from the TextBox
    TextBox.delete("1.0", END)

    # Open File and Insert File Content into Editor
    FilePath = open(FilePath, 'r')
    FileContent = FilePath.read()
    TextBox.insert(END, FileContent)
    FilePath.close()

# Run Python Menu Options
def RunPythonFile():
    OpenFileToRun = filedialog.askopenfile(mode="r", title="Select Python File to Run")
    exec(OpenFileToRun.read())

# Main Frame for Placing the Text Box
MainFrame = Frame(root)
MainFrame.pack()

# Text Box
TextBox = Text(MainFrame, width=500, undo=True)
TextBox.pack(fill=BOTH)

# Menu Bar
MenuBar = Menu(root)
root.config(menu=MenuBar)

# File Option for Menu Bar
FileMenu = Menu(MenuBar, tearoff=False)
MenuBar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=FileMenu)
FileMenu.add_command(label="Open", command=OpenFile)
FileMenu.add_command(label="Run File", command=RunPythonFile)

# Mainloop
root.mainloop()

Instead of OpenFileToRun = filedialog.askopenfile(mode="r", title="Select Python File to Run") exec(OpenFileToRun.read()) in the RunPythonFile Function is there anything else that I could put so the program would only run the currently opened file?

A: Just pass the content of TextBox to exec():
# Run Python Menu Options
def RunPythonFile():
    exec(TextBox.get("1.0", "end-1c"))

Note that using exec() to execute code is not recommended.

A: This reads the content of the file
OpenFileToRun.read()

Using subprocess it will give you plenty of options.  You can use .wait, subprocess.call, or check_call and so on.
import subprocess as sp

# Run Python Menu Options
def RunPythonFile():
    OpenFileToRun = filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir="Path",title="Select Python File to Run",filetypes = (("python files","*.py"),("all files","*.*")))
    nextProg = sp.Popen(["python",OpenFileToRun])

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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VHS or Beta Lyrics Follow
VHS or Beta is a band originally from Louisville, Kentucky, later based in Brooklyn, New York, that combines elements of rock, house and disco. Their self-released debut EP Le Funk found some success on the charts, but the band became better known in the wake of the 2004 album Night on Fire. After two and half years of touring, VHS or Beta recorded 2007's Bring on the Comets in Asheville, North Carolina, marking a slight change in direction towards a more straightforward pop sound, achieved without sacrificing their trademark dance sensibility. Later singles "Feel It When You Know" (2009) and "All Summer in a Day" (2010) were issued on their own Chromosome Records label. The band's third album Diamonds and Death was released in September 2011 by Krian Music Group, followed by a dub version of the album in 2012.
The band's core members are guitarist/vocalist Craig Pfunder and bassist Mark Palgy. Guitarist Zeke Buck and drummer Mark Guidry, both founding members, left the band in 2006 and 2010, respectively. Guitarists Mike McGill and Eric Rodgers, keyboardists Chea Beckley and Jerome Miller, and drummers Jim Orso and Chris Berry have all toured and/or recorded with the band.
Palgy and Pfunder were in early 1990s band Raze with former Elliott and current Wax Fang drummer Kevin Ratterman.
In 2005, VHS or Beta opened for Duran Duran on a leg of the latter's 2005 North American tour.
Diamonds and Dub
Download at Amazon.com®
Eyes Single
Diamonds and Death
All Summer in a Day Single
Feel It When You Know Single
Burn It All Down Single
Bring On the Comets
You Got Me Single
Night on Fire (Remixes)
Night on Fire
The Melting Moon Single
Solid Gold Remixes Single
Le Funk
On and On EP
I Found a Reason
All Summer in a Day
Easystreet
Lizard Cop
Am/Fm Dog
Jellybean Dub
Breaking Bones Dub
Diamonds & Dub
All Summer in a Day Dub
I Found a Reason Dub
Watch Out Dub
Eyes Dub
Teenage Dancefloor
Feel It When You Know
Disco Paradise
On & On
Can't Believe a Single Word


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Starts With A Bang — July 30, 2019
Happy Birthday To Vera Rubin: The Mother Of Our Dark Matter Universe
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Our Universe cannot be described by normal matter alone. Vera Rubin's work led the way.
Ask an astrophysicist what our Universe is made of, and you'll likely receive a shocking surprise. While everything that we know of and interact with on Earth is made of the same normal ingredients — the protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up atoms and the rest of the normal matter we know of — the Universe tells a very different story. Normal matter is only 5% of the Universe, with dark matter (27%) and dark energy (68%) making up the vast majority of what's out there.
This isn't a prejudice or an ad hoc fix that was put into place, but a scientific conclusion that was reached based on the full suite of data we've collected about the Universe. If it defies your intuition, don't worry; you aren't alone. But the science that led us to that conclusion is irrefutable, and was pioneered by one of the most deserving scientists never to win a Nobel Prize: Vera Rubin. Here's the story everyone should know.
The two bright, large galaxies at the center of the Coma Cluster, NGC 4889 (left) and the slightly smaller NGC 4874 (right), each exceed a million light years in size. But the galaxies on the outskirts, zipping around so rapidly, point to the existence of a large halo of dark matter throughout the entire cluster. The mass of the normal matter alone is insufficient to explain this bound structure. (ADAM BLOCK/MOUNT LEMMON SKYCENTER/UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA)
Vera Rubin was born on July 23, 1928: 91 years ago today. The original idea of dark matter came about when she hadn't yet reached her fifth birthday. Back in 1933, Fritz Zwicky was studying the galaxies of the Coma Cluster: the largest, richest, most massive galaxy cluster within about 500 million light-years of Earth. There are thousands of galaxies within the Coma Cluster, with two giant elliptical galaxies anchoring the center.
Zwicky took note of two important measurements that were made of the galaxies within that cluster.
How much light was coming from those galaxies, which enabled him to estimate how much mass there was in stars in those galaxies.
How fast those galaxies were moving relative to the center of the cluster, which enabled him to infer how much total mass was present throughout the cluster.
If 100% of the mass were in the form of stars, these two numbers would match.
The velocities of the galaxies in the Coma Cluster, from which the total mass of the cluster can be inferred to keep it gravitationally bound. Note that this data, taken more than 50 years after Zwicky's initial contentions, matches almost perfectly with what Zwicky himself contended way back in 1933. (G. GAVAZZI, (1987). ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 320, 96)
But, as Zwicky noted, not only didn't they match, but they weren't even close. According to Zwicky's original 1933 work, these two numbers differed by a whopping factor of ~160, with the total mass exceeding the mass inferred from starlight by this enormous amount. Zwicky went a step farther than this analysis, and proposed that there must be a new form of matter that didn't emit or absorb light to account for this discrepancy: dunkle materie, or dark matter.
To say that nobody took Zwicky's work seriously is a gross understatement: his work was not even cited by another scientist until 27 years had passed. While his hypothesis of dark matter wasn't the only possible explanation, it certainly deserved consideration. But, due to prejudices and astronomical/astrophysical limitations of the time, the idea of dark matter simply didn't catch on.
The heart of the Omega nebula is highlighted by ionized gas, brilliant new, blue, massive stars, and foreground dust lanes that block the background light. If normal matter could take on the form of gas, dust, plasma, black holes, or other non-luminous sources, perhaps it could be responsible for all the 'missing mass' without the need for dark matter? At least, that was the mainstream thought back when Fritz Zwicky first published his work. (ESO / VST SURVEY)
There were some excellent objections that one could make to Zwicky's work. For one, he assumed that all stars, on average, were similar to our Sun, and that the mass-to-light ratio of the Sun was a good estimate of the mass-to-light ratio of all stars. It isn't, though; the average of all stars gives a ratio that's approximately three times greater. Instead of a 160-to-1 discrepancy, this would make this a 50-to-1 mismatch.
Another objection is that not all of our normal matter is in the form of stars. In addition to planets, there are also gas clouds, plasmas, dust, black holes, failed stars, and many other types of matter. Who's to say that the non-luminous normal matter couldn't account for 98% of what's out there? While we may have that value well-quantified today (it's about 13–17%), a Universe 100% full of normal matter wasn't ruled out in 1933.
A galaxy that was governed by normal matter alone (L) would display much lower rotational speeds in the outskirts than towards the center, similar to how planets in the Solar System move. However, observations indicate that rotational speeds are largely independent of radius (R) from the galactic center, leading to the inference that a large amount of invisible, or dark, matter must be present. (WIKIMEDIA COMMONS USER INGO BERG/FORBES/E. SIEGEL)
In the 1960s, however, astronomical equipment and techniques had improved sufficiently that scientists could begin measuring how quickly individual galaxies were rotating. When they did, they noticed something important: the amount of mass you'd infer for individual galaxies couldn't come close to explaining the motions of individual galaxies within a large cluster like Coma.
This wasn't enough to bring the idea of dark matter to the mainstream, but it was enough to suggest a different test: to measure the rotational motions of different parts of an individual galaxy. Spiral galaxies — like our own — tend to have a large, bright, central bulge, and get fainter as you move farther away from the center. With most of the mass concentrated near the center, you'd expect the outer regions to rotate more slowly than the inner ones.
The brightest, closest galaxy confirmed to be beyond the local group is NGC 300, at just 6 million light years distant. The pink regions found along the spiral arms are evidence of new star formation, triggered by the interaction of internal gas and the density waves of the internal structure. According to how the light is distributed in this galaxy (concentrated towards the center), we have every reason to expect that this galaxy's stars should have faster internal motions in the central regions and slower motions in the outer regions. However, this is an assumption that must be tested observationally. (ESO / WIDE FIELD IMAGER (WFI))
We see this in our own Solar System. Our Sun makes up 99.8% of our Solar System's mass, meaning it's almost exclusively responsible for determining the orbit of all the planets, asteroids, comets, and Kuiper belt objects we know. Mercury, the innermost planet, experiences the strongest gravitational pull, and orbits the Sun with an average speed of 48 km/s: more than 100,000 miles-per-hour.
Earth, on the other hand, is almost three times as distant as Mercury, and orbits with a much lower average speed: 30 km/s, or around 67,000 miles-per-hour. The speed of the planets continues to decrease as you move outwards, with Neptune, the slowest and outermost planet, orbiting at an average speed of only 5.4 km/s: just 12,000 miles-per-hour.
There are four known exoplanets orbiting the star HR 8799, all of which are more massive than the planet Jupiter. These planets were all detected by direct imaging taken over a period of seven years, with the periods of these worlds ranging from decades to centuries. As in our Solar System, the inner planets revolve around their star more rapidly, and the outer planets revolve more slowly, as predicted by the law of gravity. (JASON WANG / CHRISTIAN MAROIS)
If galaxies worked similarly, you'd expect to find an analogous relationship to our Solar System by measuring their internal motions. The only factors that determines a bound object's orbital speed are how much mass is interior to the orbit and how large the orbit is. In the Solar System, the speeds of the planets enable us to determine the Sun's mass (because we know G, the gravitational constant) and conclude that the Sun contains 99.8% of the Solar System's mass.
In a galaxy, there should be many masses contributing throughout, but looking at how the light is distributed should tell you something about how the mass is distributed. This should affect the rotation speeds at different distances from the galactic center. This was the problem Vera Rubin first set her sights on investigating.
The Milky Way, as seen at La Silla observatory, is a stunning, awe-inspiring sight to anyone, and a spectacular view of a great many stars in our galaxy. If you want to measure the outskirts of the galaxy, you need to view the stars in the outer portions of the Milky Way: away from the galactic center. These observations are challenging, and even though Rubin's early conclusions were valid, they weren't widely accepted. But that changed with superior data.(ESO / HÅKON DAHLE)
In her early research towards this end, she began measuring stars within our own Milky Way, attempting to determine how quickly they were orbiting with respect to the galactic center. Being stuck inside our own galaxy, this is a challenging observation to make! The outer disk of the Milky Way is most easily visible if you look opposite to the direction of the galactic center, and that's exactly the wrong direction to measure a line-of-sight motion, as the stars should be rotating around the galactic center transverse to our perspective.
It's no surprise, then, that her conclusions — that the outer part of the galaxy had the same rotational speeds, rather than a lower one, as compared to the interior regions of the Milky Way — were widely dismissed. But the opinion of the masses of astronomers would not dissuade her. Armed with a brand new spectrograph, Vera Rubin, along with Kent Ford, sought to measure exactly how galaxies rotated.
Vera Rubin, shown operating the 2.1-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory with Kent Ford's spectrograph attached. Observations made of the rotation curves of galaxies, beginning with Andromeda (M31) in the late 1960s, and continuing through the 1970s, led to the conclusion that normal matter alone, under the laws of gravity we know, cannot explain the Universe as we see it.(NOAO/AURA/NSF)
The first galaxy they set their sights on, way back in 1968, was Andromeda. Andromeda is the closest large galaxy to our own Milky Way, taking up a whopping three degrees on the sky (about the diameter of six full Moons). In the 1880s, the first long-exposure photograph of Andromeda was taken, revealing its spiral structure. Being nearly edge-on to us, this means that one side of it should appear to be rotating towards us from our perspective, while the other side should appear to be rotating away from our line-of-sight.
Lo and behold, Andromeda indicated the same puzzling effect that her earlier research on the Milky Way showed: that the outer regions of a galaxy rotated just as quickly as the inner regions. Throughout the 1970s, Rubin continued her work and extended it to many galaxies at a variety of distances. They all exhibited the same effect: their rotation curves did not follow the naive relationship we expected between mass and light.
The observed curves (black points) along with the total normal matter (blue curve) and various components of stars and gas that contribute to the rotation curves of galaxies. Note how normal matter, alone, cannot account for the observed internal motions seen in galaxies. Rubin's results have led to not only the overall acceptance of dark matter, but a revolution in cosmology and our conception of the Universe as a result. (THE RADIAL ACCELERATION RELATION IN ROTATIONALLY SUPPORTED GALAXIES, STACY MCGAUGH, FEDERICO LELLI AND JIM SCHOMBERT, 2016)
This wasn't the slam-dunk proof of dark matter you might have been hoping for, as there were many possible explanations for Rubin's observations alone. Soon after, however, other independent lines of evidence came in, supporting a unified picture of cosmology. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis demonstrated that only 5% of the total Universe could be explained by normal matter; gravitational lensing and large-scale structure formation indicated that 25–30% of the Universe was some form of matter overall.
The Cosmic Microwave Background revealed the ratio between normal matter and dark matter to be 1-to-5, and this was confirmed by the detection of baryon acoustic oscillations, which arrives at the same figure. Zwicky, shortly after Rubin's research was published, suddenly found himself in the mainstream: he was awarded the Gold Medal by the Royal Astronomical Society.
Today, the belief that dark matter primarily drives the formation of cosmic structure is nearly universal, with the normal matter inside forming stars and other rich, collapsed objects.
According to models and simulations, all galaxies should be embedded in dark matter halos, whose densities peak at the galactic centers. On long enough timescales, of perhaps a billion years, a single dark matter particle from the outskirts of the halo will complete one orbit. The effects of gas, feedback, star formation, supernovae, and radiation all complicate this environment, making it extremely difficult to extract universal dark matter predictions. (NASA, ESA, AND T. BROWN AND J. TUMLINSON (STSCI))
Dark matter should drive the formation of structure on all large scales, with every galaxy consisting of a large, diffuse halo of dark matter that is far less dense and more diffuse than the normal matter. While the normal matter clumps and clusters together, since it can stick together and interact, dark matter simply passes through both itself and normal matter. Without dark matter, the Universe wouldn't match our observations.
But this branch of science truly got its start with the revolutionary work of Vera Rubin. While many, including me, will deride the Nobel committee for snubbing her revolutionary science, she truly did change the Universe. On what would have been her 91st birthday, remember her in her own words:
Don't let anyone keep you down for silly reasons such as who you are, and don't worry about prizes and fame. The real prize is finding something new out there.
50 years later, we're still investigating the mystery Vera Rubin uncovered. May there always be more to learn.
This WWII map taught Americans to sympathize with the Soviets
By transplanting Operation Barbarossa on a map of the US, it showed the devastating effects of the Nazi invasion


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Q: What is the **latter** referring to? This article about machine learning says:

Generalizing correctly becomes exponentially harder as the dimensionality (number of features) of the examples grows, because a fixed-size training set covers a dwindling fraction of the input space. Even with a moderate dimension of 100 and a huge training set of a trillion examples, the latter covers only a fraction of about 10-18 of the input space. This is what makes machine learning both necessary and hard.

Is the latter referring to "a huge training set of a trillion examples"?


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The lender has taken ownership of this property through a foreclosure auction for the amount of $425,000. Because the properties were not sold at auction, the lender is now the owner and is engaged in the process of marketing and selling them to potential buyers. The longer lenders own properties, however, the more eager they become to sell, often at reduced prices.


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Apostolic Succession for Willard E. Schultz
WILLARD EARL SCHULTZ was consecrated Auxiliary Bishop of the Diocese of New York of the Catholic Apostolic Church in North America on January 6, 1985 by Justo Roque Gonzalez Trininio, Diocesan Bishop, Diocese of New York and Primate of the Catholic Apostolic Church in North America (at a time when the Duarte-Costa succession of Bishop Gonzalez could not be assured). Bishop Gonzalez had been assisted by Raul Gonzalez of the "True Holy Roman Catholic Church" and Walter Dobrzynski of the "Catholic Church of the Latin Rite" in this consecration of Bishop Schultz.
MICHEL JOSEPH PUGIN was consecrated Diocesan Bishop of the Diocese of Outaouais of the Catholic Apostolic Church in Canada on May 1, 1993 by Justo Roque Gonzalez Trininio, Diocesan Bishop, Diocese of New York and Primate of the Catholic Apostolic Church in North America; assisted by Jose Juan Villegas, Auxiliary Bishop of the Diocese of New York of the Catholic Apostolic Church in North America and President of the College of Bishops of the Catholic Apostolic Church in North America, and Joseph Hladney, Diocesan Bishop, Diocese of Florida of the Catholic Apostolic Church in North America.
JUSTO ROQUE GONZALEZ TRININIO was consecrated ad cautelam to provide/assure the Duarte-Costa succession on March 10, 1989 by Luis Castillo Mendez, Bishop of the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil; having been previously consecrated on June 26, 1983 by Francis Jerome Joachim Ladd, Archbishop of Albuquerque and Primate of the Catholic Apostolic Church in North America assisted by Martin J. Hill of the Western Orthodox Church in America and others.
LUIS CASTILLO MENDEZ was consecrated Bishop of the Catholic Apostolic Church Brazil on May 3, 1948 by Carlos Duarte-Costa, Primate and founding bishop of the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil.
CARLOS DUARTE-COSTA was consecrated Titular Bishop of Maura and Diocesan Bishop of Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil of the Roman Catholic Church on December 8, 1924 by Sebastiao Leme de Silveira Cintra Titular Bishop of Orthosia who was also later, Cardinal and Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro. Duarte-Costa established the Catholic Apostolic Church of Brazil July 6, 1945 subsequent to his expulsion from the Roman Catholic Church by Pius PP XII. (The remaining succession is shared with the Roman Catholic Chuch.)
SEBASTIAO LEME DE SILVEIRA CINTRA was consecrated Titular Bishop of Orthosia on June 4, 1911 by Joaquin de Albuquerque-Calvacanti, Bishop of Goia; and was later named Cardinal and Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro.
JOAQUIN DE ALBUQUERQUE-CALVACANTI was consecrated Bishop of Goia on October 26, 1890 by Mariano Rampolla Marchese del Tindaro, Titular Archbishop of Heraclea; and was later named Cardinal in 1905.
MARIANO RAMPOLLA MARCHESE DEL TINDARO was consecrated Titular Archbishop of Heraclea on December 8, 1882 by Edward Howard, Titular Archbishop of Neocaesarea and Auxiliary Bishop of Frascati ; and later named Cardinal in 1887.
EDWARD HOWARD was consecrated Titular Archbishop of Neocaesarea and Auxiliary Bishop of Frascati on June 30, 1872 by Charles Sacconi, Titular Archbishop of Nicaea; and was later named Cardinal.
CHARLES SACCONI was consecrated Titular Archbishop of Nicaea on June 8, 1851 by James Phillip Fransoni, Archbishop of Nazianzus; and was later named Cardinal.
JAMES PHILLIP FRANSONI was consecrated Archbishop of Nazianzus on December 8, 1822 by Peter Francis Galetti, Titular Archbishop of Damascus; and was later named Cardinal.
PETER FRANCIS GALETTI was consecrated Titular Archbishop of Damascus on September 12, 1819 by Alexander Matthaeus, Archbishop of Ferrara; and was later named Cardinal.
ALEXANDER MATTHAEUS was consecrated Archbishop of Ferrara on February 23, 1777 by Bernadinus Giraud, Titular Archbishop of Damascus; and was later named Cardinal.
BERNADINUS GIRAUD was consecrated Titular Archbishop of Damascus on April 26, 1767 by Carlo Rezzonico, Cardinal Bishop of Padova; and later named Cardinal.
CARLO REZZONICO, Cardinal Bishop of Padova, the future Pope Clement XIII was consecrated 19 March 1743 in the Basilica of the Twelve Holy Apostles, Rome, by His Holiness Pope Benedict XIV, assisted by Giuseppe Cardinal Accoramboni, Bishop of Frascati and Antonio Saverio Cardinal Gentili.
PROSPERO LAMBERTINI, Titular Archbishop of Theodosia, the future Pope Benedict XIV was consecrated 16 July 1724 in the Pauline Chapel of the Apostolic Palace of the Quirinal, Rome, by His Holiness Pope Benedict XIII, assisted by Giovanni Francesco Nicolai, O.F.M.Ref., Titular Archbishop of Myra and Nicola Maria Lercari, Titular Archbishop of Nazianzus.
VINCENZO MARIA ORSINI, O.P., Cardinal Archbishop of Manfredonia, the future Pope Benedict XIII was consecrated 3 February 1675 in the Church of SS. Domenico e Sisto, Rome, by Paluzzo (Paluzzo degli Albertoni) Cardinal Altieri, Prefect of the Sacred Congregation de Propaganda Fide, assisted by Stefano Brancaccio, Archbishop-Bishop of Viterbo e Tuscania and Costanzo Zani, O.S.B., Bishop of Imola.
PALUZZO (PALUZZI degli ALBERTONI) ALTIERI, Cardinal Bishop of Montefiascone e Corneto was consecrated 2 May 1666 in the Church of San Silvestro in Capite, Rome, by Ulderico Cardinal Carpegna, assisted by Stefano Ugolini, Titular Archbishop of Corinth and Giovanni Tommaso Pinelli, Bishop of Albenga.
ULDERICO CARPEGNA, Bishop of Gubbio was consecrated 7 October 1630 in the Pauline Chapel of the Apostolic Palace of the Quirinal, Rome, by Luigi Cardinal Caetani, assisted by Antonio Ricciulli, Bishop emeritus of Belcastro and Vicegerent of Rome, and Benedetto Landi, Bishop of Fossombrone.
LUIGI CAETANI, Titular Patriarch of Antioch was consecrated 12 June 1622 in the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, by Lodovico Cardinal Ludovisi, Archbishop of Bologna, assisted by Galeazzo Sanvitale, Archbishop emeritus of Bari and Vulpiano Volpi, Archbishop emeritus of Chieti.
LODOVICO LUDOVISI, Cardinal Archbishop of Bologna was consecrated 2 May 1621 in the private chapel of his consecrator, near Saint Peter's Basilica, Rome, by Galeazzo Sanvitale, Archbishop emeritus of Bari and Prefect of the Apostolic Palace, assisted by Cosmo de Torres, Titular Archbishop of Hadrianopolis and Ottavio Ridolfi, Bishop of Ariano.
GALEAZZO SANVITALE, Archbishop of Bari was consecrated 4 April 1604 in the chapel of the Apostolic Sacristy, Rome, by Girolamo Cardinal Bernerio, O.P., Bishop of Albano, assisted by Claudio Rangoni, Bishop of Piacenza and Giovanni Ambrogio Caccia, Bishop of Castro di Toscana.
GIROLAMO BERNERIO, O.P., Bishop of Ascoli Piceno was consecrated 7 September 1586 in the Basilica of the Twelve Holy Apostles, Rome, by Giulio Antonio Cardinal Santoro, assisted by Giulio Masetti, Bishop of Reggio Emilia and Ottaviano Paravicini, Bishop of Alessandria.
GIULIO ANTONIO SANTORO, Archbishop of Santa Severina was consecrated 12 March 1566 in the Pauline Chapel of the Vatican Apostolic Palace by Scipione Cardinal Rebiba, Titular Patriarch of Constantinople, assisted by Annibale Caracciolo, Bishop of Isola and Giacomo de'Giacomelli, Bishop emeritus of Belcastro.
SSCIPIONE REBIBA, Titular Bishop of Amicle and Auxiliary Bishop of Chieti. Elected Titular Bishop of Amicle and Auxiliary to Gian Pietro Cardinal Carafa, Archbishop of Chieti, 16 March 1541. To date, after extensive research, no formal record of his consecration has been found. Scipione Cardinal Rebiba is the source point for the episcopal lineage of a large percentage of bishops with roots in the Catholic lineage, including the Roman Catholic Church. It is widely believed that Rebiba was ordained bishop by Gian Pietro Cardinal Carafa, who became Pope Paul IV. However, no documentary evidence has been found to verify this hypothesis.


Van Wessem v Entertainment Outlet PL  NSWWCCPD 97. Keating P.
Arbitrator Oldfield failed the appellant widow's claim, on substantial contributing factor.
The deceased mortgage broker was sole working director of the respondent, a contractor to Aussie Home Loans PL, when he was killed while cycling recreationally.
The death claim relied on evidence of the deceased's continuous electronic attendance on clients.
The President, at [99+], considered authorities: Davidson v Mould (1944) 69 CLR 96: course of employment extends beyond working hours, to comprehend necessary incidents; Commonwealth v Oliver (1962) 107 CLR 353, per Dixon CJ: course of employment where worker would not be but for employment; Henderson v Com'r Rwys (WA) (1937) 58 CLR 281, per Dixon J: course of employment contemplates incidents; Humphrey Earl Ltd v Speechley (1951) 84 CLR 126, per Dixon J; interval injury requires incident of employer authorization; Hatzimanolis v ANI Corporation Limited (1992) 173 CLR 473: tests in Henderson, Speechley should give way to interval injury incidental to employment considering the employment generally and particular activity authorization, noting consonance in Whittingham v Comm'r Rwys (WA) (1931) 46 CLR 22 and Danvers v Comm'r Rwys (NSW) (1969) 122 CLR 529.
Additionally the Commission president noted Archer v East West Airways Ltd  WCR 176: "a real and substantial nexus' of steward injured at home responding to duty call; Jadoul v Qantas  NSWCC 175: likewise, injury in home collecting baggage for duty.
Also, Keating P referred to Hook v Rolfe (1986) 7 NSWLR 40: relevant, not necessarily dominant, purpose proper for inquiry; Mayhew v G & S Mayhew PL (1995) 12 NSWCCR 389: one relevant incident among several purposes.
"To satisfy the general nature, terms and conditions of his employment, Mr Van Wessem was either obligated to, or elected to, carry a mobile phone with him for the purposes of responding to referrals forwarded to him through Aussie Home Loans.
"He did this routinely. During the course of his regular rides, the unchallenged evidence is that he regularly placed calls to or received calls from clients or potential clients pursuant to the contractual obligations between his employer and Aussie Home Loans.
It was part of the general nature and terms of his employment. In my view, when the worker was conducting himself in this way, he was acting in the course of his employment," the President said .


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