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January 2, 2021 January 3, 2021 - quinn
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Q: Maximum intersecting intervals I have the following task hand. I have been given N rules composed of 3 intervals each.
A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1
A2 B2 C2 D2 E2 F2
A3 B3 C3 D3 E3 F3
.
.
.
An Bn Cn Dn En Fn
Each rule is comprised of three different intervals, [a,b] [c,d] [e,f].
Let us consider a input comprising of three values x, y and z. This input will satisfy a rule if a<=x<=b and c<=y<=d and e<=z<=f. The task is to find the count of maximum number of rules which can be satisfied through any arbitrary input.
I tried to solve the problem using brute force technique. It is O(N^2) solution. I check each rule with every other rule to find if they intersect with each other. I maintain a list where I keep record of the rule numbers which intersect with the current rule. I output the maximum size using this record. But I am getting wrong answer using this approach. Please help me by providing a hint about what I might be doing wrong.
Example:
Suppose that we are give 5 rules:
Rule 1: 39 40 43 55 28 42
Rule 2: 6 15 36 43 12 56
Rule 3: 38 57 3 15 17 36
Rule 4: 3 15 36 60 21 52
Rule 5: 24 45 23 34 27 39
Here, the we can compute that only Rule 2 and Rule 4 can be simultaneously satisfied through any input. Therefore, answer = 2.

A: You approach is invalid, because when Rule1 intersects with Rule2 and Rule1 intersects with Rule3 this doesn't mean that Rule2 intersects with Rule3.
Example:
 Rule1:   [1,2] [3,4] [5,6]
 Rule2:   [1,1] [3,3] [5,5]
 Rule3:   [2,2] [4,4] [6,6]

In your solution when you fix Rule1 in outer loop then find Rule2 and Rule3 in nested loop and get the result of 3, while correct answer is 2.
I have a working solution in mind, but it's not very efficient:  O(K3 * N) where K comes from the domain of definition of rules' intervals (K = max_interval_value - min_interval_value) and N is the number of rules. Also it consumes O(K * N) memory. If this setup fits problem's time and memory limits, I can describe my solution, if not, I'll rather will not waste my time.
Update:
Ok, here we go. For simplicity I will assume that minimum number that appears in rules is 0 and the maximum is K.  So there are only K+1 possible integer numbers that can satisfy at least one rules' interval.
As each rule has exactly three intervals, you have to create three arrays that will correspond to these intervals. Array's element at index i will contain the set of rules that include number i in their corresponding interval. Each array has length of K+1.
For example, if we have rules:
 A: [1,2][3,4][5,6]
 B: [1,1][2,2][6,6]
 C: [2,2][4,4][5,5]

Then first array (that corresponds to intervals at position 1) will be:
 0:{}, 1:{A,B}, 2:{A,C}, 3:{}.... rest are empty sets

Second array corresponds to intervals at second position:
 0:{}, 1:{}, 2:{B}, 3:{A}, 4:{A, C}, 5:{}, 6:{}

Third array will be:
 ...all empty... 5: {A, C}, 6: {A, B}

Now how to fill these arrays. You start with empty sets in each element. Then you go through all rules. For each rule you iterate through all values that lie in corresponding interval and add current rule into appropriate set. For example, for rule A for first interval you need to iterate through values 1,2 and add A into first array at indexes 1,2.  This part takes 3 * K * N steps (assuming adding element to set is O(1))
What you do next is basically trying to figure an input that will satisfy most rules.  You need three nested loops, say, i for first interval, j for second interval, k for third.  You need to iterate through all possible values from 0 to K. And for each combination of i,j,k  you need to intersect three sets, each taken from corresponding array.  So, returning to the example, for i=2, j=4, k=5  you will need to intersect {A, C}  with {A, C} with {A, C}, and this will result actually largest set of rules.  For i=1, j=3, k=5 you will intersect {A,B} with {A} and {A,C} and get only {A}.  So, you iterate, calculating intersection and finding maximal set of rules.  The complexity of this part is O( K3 * N)  where K3 comes from nested loops and N is the cost of set intersection.
That's all. I haven't thought much on this solution, so maybe it can be further optimized. But at least it is polynomial.
Update
Now how to eliminate one nested loop.
When you have some i and j and already computed intersection of groups from first two arrays, you get virtually new task. Now you have set of groups and you need to find maximal subset of this set that will satisfy only one remained interval (third). What I propose is to iterate all possible values from 0 to K and for each value maintain the set of groups that are satisfied by that value. In order to do that you have to sort initial subset of groups in two ways, first by first interval's boundary, second by second interval's boundary. Lets call first sorted array add_order, second remove_order. (Later you see that these arrays can be replaced by queues for simplicity).
If you have three groups in you initial subset:
 A: [..][..][2,4]
 B: [..][..][2,2]
 C: [..][..][1,3]

They will be ordered as this: C, A, B for add_order.
 C: [..][..][1,3]
 A: [..][..][2,4]
 B: [..][..][2,2]

And  B, C, A for remove_order:
 B: [..][..][2,2]
 C: [..][..][1,3]
 A: [..][..][2,4]

You need three pointers in your loop. First (g_add) will point (in array add_order) at the group you are about to "add"  to your maintained set, second (g_remove) will point (in array remove_order) at the group you are about to remove from your set. And the last, k will hold current value (from 0 to K).
Returning to example, you will iterate k from 0 to 5 (g_add and g_remove initially pointing on first group of corresponding array):
 k=0, g_add=C, g_remove=B, res={} // nothing to do
 k=1, g_add=C, g_remove=B, res={} // `g_add` is pointing on the group whose first boundary is less or equal to `k`, adding this group to set of current groups, and incrementing `g_add`
 k=1, g_add=A, g_remove=B, res={C} // moving on, incrementing `k`
 k=2, g_add=A, g_remove=B, res={C} // now A satisfies adding condition
 k=2, g_add=B, g_remove=B, res={C, A} // B satisfies adding condition too
 k=2, g_add=, g_remove=B, res={C, A, B} // incrementing k (note that at that point we have largest set)
 k=3, g_add=, g_remove=B, res={C, A, B} // B has second boundary less than k, removing
 k=3, g_add=, g_remove=C, res={C, A} // B has second boundary less than k, removing
 k=3, g_add=, g_remove=C, res={C, A} // k++
 k=4, g_add=, g_remove=C, res={C, A} // C is suitable for removing
 k=4, g_add=, g_remove=A, res={A} // k++
 k=5, g_add=, g_remove=A, res={A} // A is suitable for removing
 k=5, g_add=, g_remove=, res={} // we are done

As I said before, you can consider remove_order and add_order as a queues and their heads will be add and remove candidates correspondingly.
Now about complexity.  Iterate all pairs of i and j  takes O(K2).  Now for each such pair you do sets intersection O(N), you don't need to sort the groups, as this can be done at very beginning, before the loops. Then you need to iterate k, adding and removing groups. As each group is processed only twice  (when adding and removing) and k is iterated from 0 to K the complexity of this loop will be O(N + K).
So for the whole algorithm we get O(K2 * (N + K))  that, considering K << N  roughly will be  O(K2 * N).

A: Intersecting is not a transitive relation: If you have A = [0,2], B = [1,3], C = [2,4], (A,B) and (B,C) intersect, but not (A,C). So the answer is that a point can lie in at most one intervals, even though B intersects with two.
A proper brute-force solution would be to compute the intersection of all subsets of your rules and pick the largest subset with non-zero intersection. But that would scale as O(2^N), then.
Btw, the problem is known as the maximum interval stabbing problem (or some variant thereof). You can find reference for it on Google.

A: I'm not completely sure about what you are asking. I'm assuming you want an algorithm that given an arbitrary input x,y,z, will output the count of rules that match. It is just as easy to output the list of rules themselves.
Transform your rule set into a pair of arrays for each value A,B,C,D,E,F. So for the values of A the arrays are A_val, and A_rule. In A_val you put all the values of A, and in A_rule you put all the rule indexes corresponding to those values.
E.g. if you rules were
1,x,x,x,x,x
5,x,x,x,x,x
3,x,x,x,x,x

then the arrays would be:
A_val = [ 1,5,3 ];
A_rule = [ 0, 1, 2 ];

Now sort the two arrays using A_val as the sort key:
A_val = [ 1,3,5 ];
A_rule = [ 0, 2, 1 ];

You do this for all 6 values, so you will have arrays: A_val, B_val, C_val etc. and A_rule, B_rule, C_rule etc.
Now for any input x,y,z,

*

*do a binary search into A_val looking for x. From that index to the end, A_rule will contain the list of rules where A satisfies x.

*do a binary search into B_val looking for x. From that index to the beginning of the B_rule array are all the rules where B satisfies x.
Do this for each of the 6 intervals. You will have 6 sets of rule ids that satisfy each of the 6 conditions. Now just find the intersection of those 6 sets. There are a bunch of set intersection algorithms.
Look here: Efficient list intersection algorithm
An easy one would be to put all the rule ids into a single array and sort that array. Any rule id that occurs in the sorted array 6 times in a row is a rule that satisfies all 6 conditions.

A: I guess I misunderstood the question. In that case, you can solve this via binary space partitioning.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_space_partitioning
It helps to imagine each of your rules as defining a cubic space. ( which I bet they do ) Chose a rule at random and then a parameter. Use that parameter to divide the space. All rules completely contained on one side of the partition go into one group, all rules on the other side into another group. If a rule is on both sides, you put it in both groups, but adjusts its parameters to be on just one side.
For example, rules:
5,8,x,x,x,x
1,3,x,x,x,x
7,10,x,x,x,x
6,9,x,x,x,x

You chose rule 3, parameter A, with value 6. Bisect the rule space:
1,3,x,x,x,x
5,6,x,x,x,x

7,10,x,x,x,x
6,9,x,x,x,x
6,8,x,x,x,x

So rule 0 got divided in half, and put into both spaces. Do this process recursively for each group until all the rules in the group are identical. In each recursion chose the parameters in the following order A C E B D F. That is you divide the space along the first constraint, then the next division in that space is on the second constraint etc.
I'm not sure if it would be more efficient to BSP breadth first or depth first. When you find a space that resolves with a higher rule count than any previous space, and the you can stop recursing down any paths that have that many rules or fewer. ( .e.g If I know of one subspace that has 5 rules, if I have an unresolved space with 5 rules I don't have to do down any further)
When you have partitioned all the spaces until they each have identical rules, the partition with the most rules is your max count.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


While the name Hazy Boy might be a misnomer for the NEIPA-driven zeitgeist, there is no doubting the cloudy appearance of this American wheat beer. It's the first Eagle Bay beer to be led by brewer Keegan Steinbacher, formerly of Mash Brewing. Although a fan of the NEIPA style, it wasn't the direction he wanted to take, noting that "haze has been around forever in wheat beers" in an aside that may draw drinkers back to modern twists on classic styles.
The American wheat style provides more leeway for pronounced hops and less reliance on the yeast to define the beer. In this way Lemondrop and Astra hops provide bright lemon, white wine, candied orange and light pan-tropical characters while Wheat and Maris Otter malts, with smaller additions of Rye, Carapils and Crystal malts, form the base of the cloudy beer. The firm bitterness and clean yeast profile makes this deceptively easily to drink for its near 8 percent ABV which caught many off guard at the recent South West Craft Beer Fest in Margaret River.


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Perryton High School would like to congratulate Class of 2019 senior Range Clapp. Range has been accepted to Oklahoma State University and Tarleton State University, where he plans to major in History. In addition, we are exceptionally pleased to announce that Range has also been accepted for enlistment in the United States Marines. Range, we are beyond grateful for your commitment and dedication to serving, protecting and defending our country and our freedoms. We are humbled by your decision. Thank you and congratulations Range!!


text:
United Kingdom Statistics Authority
The Parliamentary Secretary, Cabinet Office (Chris Skidmore)
That this House endorses the nomination of Sir David Norgrove for appointment as Chair of the United Kingdom Statistics Authority.
May I first offer my thanks to Sir Andrew Dilnot, who has performed the role very commendably over the past five years? I truly believe that his initiative has driven all of us to think more critically about statistics and how we can make better use of them.
I am also grateful to my hon. Friend the Member for Harwich and North Essex (Mr Jenkin) for his help in the selection process. I am pleased that that process, which included a pre-appointment scrutiny session before the Select Committee on Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs, has identified in Sir David Norgrove an outstanding candidate and a worthy successor to Sir Andrew Dilnot.
I, like the Committee, am convinced that Sir David has both the professional and the personal qualities necessary to make an excellent chair of the UK Statistics Authority. I commend the motion to the House.
Andrew Gwynne (Denton and Reddish) (Lab)
Before I turn to the nomination of Sir David Norgrove as chair of the UK Statistics Authority, I should like to echo the Minister's tribute to the outgoing chair, Sir Andrew Dilnot. In so doing, I want to acknowledge two important contributions.
First, the outgoing chair, Sir Andrew Dilnot, has, as noted by the Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee in its report published in January, worked tirelessly over the past five years in maintaining both the independence and the overall excellence of the UK Statistics Authority. There is no better example of that approach to independence than when Sir Andrew took the then Prime Minister, David Cameron, and the current Health Secretary to task for presenting to the public misleading figures on supposed increases in NHS spending.
I note how, in the four years that have followed, the Government have been less than attentive to Sir Andrew's concerns, but it is important to recognise the impartiality that the role brings to challenging the spin and the misuse of data and statistics to which all politicians, if we are honest, succumb from time to time. If we look back over his term, we will see that Sir Andrew has performed his public duties robustly and with complete impartiality, and I am sure that the whole House is grateful to him for his public service.
Secondly, I thank my hon. Friend the Member for Hackney South and Shoreditch (Meg Hillier) and the Select Committee on Public Accounts under her leadership for their engagement in the appointment process. In an age where terms such as "fake news" are bandied around regularly, it is more important than ever that we have an independent, rigorous and reliable official statistics body.
It is also important in the current climate that the public have faith in such an institution. A 2014 report by the Committee on Standards in Public Life found that only 30% of the general public had confidence in Parliament as a public institution, which amplifies the new chair's task in maintaining the rigid independence demanded by his post. The public deserve accurate statistics, free from political interference, and Members on both sides of the House must do more to ensure that the public have total confidence on the issues that matter most.
Dr Daniel Poulter (Central Suffolk and North Ipswich) (Con)
I assure the shadow Minister and the Minister that the Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee gave full consideration to ensuring that there is a worthy successor to the current chair of the UK Statistics Authority. As the shadow Minister says, it is vital that the public have faith in public statistics. Does he agree that a key job of the new chair may be to challenge statistics presented in UK referendums? We are aware that the country may face another referendum in Scotland. Some of the statistics used in the EU referendum could usefully have been challenged by the chair of the Statistics Authority.
Andrew Gwynne
The hon. Gentleman makes an important point. We are talking about the misuse of statistics and data not just within the parliamentary forum, but in elections. He mentioned the EU referendum, in which the origin and robustness of the statistic about health spending post Brexit, in particular, were quite questionable. I share his view on that.
In respect of Sir David's professional competence, I agree with the Committee's report that his extensive experience makes him highly suitable for the role of the chair of the UK Statistics Authority. As the Minister noted, Sir David Norgrove has had a distinguished career, most recently as the chair of the Low Pay Commission, where his leadership in support of campaigns for the national living wage and national minimum wage has been crucial. In addition to that experience, he has also chaired the Pensions Regulator, and that will stand him in good stead in driving forward the structural changes needed in the Statistics Authority, as laid out in the Bean review.
We are convinced that Sir David's skills and professional background as chair of two highly regarded and statistically driven public bodies will allow him effectively to oversee the twin tasks of statistical production and strictly regulating Government statistics and the veracity of Departments' claims. Throughout his career, Sir David has been unafraid to question authority when those with power threatened to abuse or distort the process. That was seen when he famously faced down Sir Philip Green after the retail entrepreneur tried to buy Marks & Spencer with a bid that jeopardised the solvency of the pension scheme. Sir David's record speaks for itself, and I am therefore satisfied—and rather hopeful about the fact—that he will bring the same toughness and fairness to challenging the Government's use of statistics.
The Opposition are less concerned about the suitability of Sir David for the role in question than they are about the lack of diversity in the wider appointment process, which gives the impression of a closed system. Of the 14 candidates who applied for the chairperson's position, only three were women and 11 were men. Added to that, all three previous authority chairs have been white, male and Oxbridge-educated. The Labour party recognises the quality that diversity can bring to both the selection and appointment processes, and we urge the Government to take steps to ensure that future candidates are from as diverse a pool as possible to ensure that every part of Britain is represented and that each person has an equal opportunity to aspire to the highest posts in the land.
The post involves the significant responsibility of promoting and safeguarding the production and publication of official figures that serve the public good. Sir David has already made it clear how crucial it is to have consistency in how the Government produce their figures. The appointment of a new chair of the board of the UK Statistics Authority is extremely important. We need a candidate who can maintain the code of practice for official statistics and ensure that Government figures are produced and presented to the highest standards of independence and integrity. We share the view of the Government and the Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee that in Sir David Norgrove we have a candidate who can rise to that challenge.
Roger Mullin (Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath) (SNP)
SNP Members welcome the appointment of Sir David, and we certainly wish him well in his future role as chair of the UK Statistics Authority. However, we have some concerns about the UK Statistics Authority's rather narrow approach to the way in which it reviews and undertakes a critique of the statistics used by the Government and others.
Tomorrow, we will be faced with the Budget. I predict that it will have forecasts from the Treasury and the Office for Budget Responsibility, and may possibly even throw in the odd forecast from the Bank of England. One thing that will be true of every forecast produced by all those bodies is that not a single confidence interval will be mentioned. We know that their forecasts are consistent—consistently wrong and always need revision, partly because the models used are inappropriate.
I notice in the description of the UK Statistics Authority that part of its task is to make sure statistics are available to aid Government decision making, which is a very worthy purpose. I have struggled to find any expertise in, for example, Bayesian statistics that could be used as decision aids. That is possibly because the Government do not use any statistical decision aids in their decision making. I think there is a long way to go in developing the authority to provide the kind of critique that will realistically help the Government both now and in the future. For that future, however, we wish Sir David well.
I rise as a member of the Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee, which scrutinised the appointment, to give a warm welcome to Sir David's appointment. I pay tribute to his predecessor, Sir Andrew Dilnot, for his work, which did well in holding the Government to account and ensuring that statistics were used reasonably when debating the NHS.
It is a difficult time for politics for us all. We have come through a referendum campaign, during which various statements and assertions were made on both sides of the debate. At the forefront of the minds of members of the Committee when scrutinising the appointment was the need to ensure that we had a new chair who would scrutinise the use of statistics in future referendum campaigns. It does credit to nobody in the House to see statistics potentially misused in referendum debates that captivated the mind and votes of the overwhelming majority of the public. The shadow Minister quite rightly outlined some of the concerns about NHS spending that were raised by those on one side of the referendum debate, while other perhaps somewhat exaggerated claims were made by those on the other side of the debate. No matter which side of the debate we have sympathy with, we can recognise that the referendum campaign did no credit to the use of statistics. It is important to have an independent chair—I am sure Sir David will fulfil that role—and I hope that that will restore some public faith in the independent challenge offered to the misuse of statistics in the future.
I, too, congratulate Sir David. However, I want to pick up the point that the hon. Gentleman has quite rightly made about the importance of looking closely at statistics during elections and referendums. May I add to that list by encouraging the authority, under its new chair, to look at the statistics that may well be claimed by Sinn Féin for a border poll in Northern Ireland? This is not just about referendums and elections, but about such a border poll. It is very important indeed that propaganda perpetuated by Sinn Féin and the popularity of Sinn Féin do not lead—unexpectedly, and without any good reason—to a border poll in Northern Ireland. The authority should look at that.
Dr Poulter
The hon. Lady is absolutely right in her comment. She may be reassured by the fact that, when scrutinising the appointment, members of the Committee asked Sir David directly about his approach to the issues involved in his scrutiny of another possible referendum in Scotland and of debates in all devolved parts of the United Kingdom, including Northern Ireland and Wales. He assured our Committee that he will be keeping a keen eye on these issues. We are very aware of the recent concerns that may have manifested themselves as a result of the election results at the weekend. I am sure that Sir David will be mindful of that as he comes into post. When we have what are sometimes emotive debates, it is vital that the public can have faith that there is an independent authority that will hold politicians to account. It is important that that happens in Northern Ireland and, indeed, elsewhere.
I am sure that another pressing issue on Sir David's mind will be ensuring that claims that may be made in a future Scottish referendum are properly scrutinised. I remember that there were a lot of discussions about North sea oil and its potential revenues during the last referendum debate. I am sure that he will be mindful of that when taking up his position. When there is a referendum, or an important debate of that nature, the public must have faith that politicians are in no way willingly misleading the public, although they may exaggerate statistics. We would not wish to do that in this House, and we should not do it in debates outside this place.
The Committee was satisfied that in Sir David we have a new chair who meets those criteria, will be a robust defender of the correct use of statistics and will hold Executives—and, indeed, political parties—in all parts of the United Kingdom to account when they make claims in referendum campaigns.
Kelvin Hopkins (Luton North) (Lab)
Madam Deputy Speaker (Natascha Engel)
Order. I will call the hon. Gentleman even though he was not here at the beginning of the debate. We are not short on time and he has promised that he will be brief.
I am most grateful to you, Madam Deputy Speaker, and I apologise for being late; the earlier business finished much sooner than I expected so I was caught short, so to speak.
As I chaired the confirmation hearing for Sir David at the Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee, I thought it would be appropriate to say a few words. We thought he was the right person for the job and strongly approve of him. He has some great predecessors. Sir Michael Scholar, the first chair, challenged the Government over misuse of statistics, and we want the chair to take a strong line with the Government or any other official body that makes light of official statistics. Sir Andrew Dilnot, who is coming to the end of his term, is a great friend and another great communicator with broadcasting and so on in statistical matters. He is an excellent chair. Sir David has two great predecessors to follow. I am sure that he will measure up and do a good job, but I hope that the UK Statistics Authority continues to hold the Government to account if they misbehave.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
IG Online Interview: Jimmy Verbaeys (Belgium)
Written by John Crumlish	for International Gymnast Magazine | Wednesday, 10 October 2012 08:05
2012 Olympian Jimmy Verbaeys (Belgium) recalls his surprising entry into the Olympic all-around final, and how he plans to continue proving himself a worthy all-around contender heading into the 2013 Worlds in Antwerp.
Originally designated as third reserve for the 24-gymnast all-around final at this summer's London Olympic Games, Jimmy Verbaeys of Belgium optimized the opportunity he was given to compete after three qualified gymnasts above him declined to compete in the final. Verbaeys jumped into the competition, and bettered his qualification score by 1.667 points to finish credibly in 21st place.
Verbaeys's performance in London represented a big leap for the Belgian men, whose Olympic presence has been scarce. As only the second Belgian male gymnast to compete at the Olympic Games since 1960, Verbaeys earned the best Olympic all-around ranking for the Belgian men since 1948.
Born Aug. 26, 1993, in Uccle, Verbaeys lives in the city of Forest. He trains under coach Dirk Van Meldert at Blauwput Omnisport Leuven. Prior to the London Olympics, Verbaeys finished 93rd all-around in qualifications at the 2010 World Championships in Rotterdam, 37th all-around at the 2011 European championships in Berlin, and 67th all-around in qualifications at the 2011 World Championships in Tokyo. Earlier this year he was fifth on floor exercise at the FIG Challenger Cup in Doha.
In this IG Online interview, the candid Verbaeys recalls his surprising entry into the Olympic all-around final, and how he plans to continue proving himself a worthy all-around contender heading into the 2013 Worlds in Antwerp.
IG: Take us back to the moment in London when you saw that you were "only" third reserve for the all-around final. How did your performance in qualifications measure up to your expectations going into the competition?
JV: I was really relaxed before my qualification, because for me, I was at the Olympics just for the experience and I didn't think I could make a final. My qualification went really well. I did my first five events almost perfectly but on the last event, pommel horse, things went wrong. I fell twice and lost my dismount, so I lost points. But I was happy about my competition, so I didn't have any regrets, even my big mistake on pommel horse.
IG: Now take us back to the moment when you learned that you would indeed be competing in the all-around final. Where were you, and who told you the news? How did you react to the news?
JV: I heard the news on the bus going back to the Village. I had just watched the women's team final. My coach was somewhere to hear if they were gymnasts that said no for the all-around final, and he called me and said, "Jimmy, you're in!" I Said, "What?!" And he said, "Well, do you want to?" and I immediately said, "Yes!"
Verbaeys celebrates a hit routine at the 2012 Olympics in London
IG: You did not have much time to prepare for the all-around final, so how did you quickly get back into "competition" mindset?
JV: Indeed, I didn't train after my qualification, and I heard the news that I could do the all-around final the day before, so I didn't train for about three days. Normally we train almost every day, so it was a little bit scary to do the final without having trained in three days, so in the warm-up gym my coach asked if there was still a training session. They said no, but he explained my situation so they said OK. I trained for an hour and a half, and after this little training, I felt ready for the final because I was in my best shape ever.
IG: Looking back at your performance in the all-around final, what was most satisfying and what was least satisfying for you?
JV: My most satisfying is my result that I made. It was my best ever in competition. Least satisfying was my fall on high bar. I don't really care about the fall, but just because of the fall, I didn't make the "perfect competition."
IG: How much pressure do you feel, not only trying to perform your best but also performing with the expectations of the Belgian public?
JV: Well, I am a really relaxed guy, so I don't have the pressure at the time I'm competing, but the pressure before the Olympics was a bit more because your family and friends want you to do perfectly, but that is very difficult. So the pressure is just that you don't want to disappoint them and yourself because it's a competition that you are training for a lot, and you want to look back and say, "Yes, I did a great Olympics."
IG:In recent years, you and (world and European pommel horse finalist) Donna-Donny Truyens have become successful at the international level. Before, the Belgian men were not so strong. What do you think is the reason for your country's recent success in gymnastics?
JV: In Belgium they made a big center that exists for around 10 years, so it take times to understand how everything can work well, and you need the right athletes with strong characters. I really think we are now on the right way to become a good and famous team.
IG:Next year Belgium will host the world championships. How are you preparing to handle the extra incentive, and extra pressure, of competing for your 'home' fans?
JV: I'm really looking forward to this event. For sure there will be more pressure. I think that we all now can handle this pressure, but right now there is no pressure, so I'm cool. But I think it's a dream for every athlete to compete at your home country. It's different from in another country, because a lot of your family and friends come to watch you, so you want to show what you have been doing all the time you haven't been with them.
IG: What areas of your gymnastics are you focusing on, so that, in 2013, you can legitimately qualify for the top 24 all-around final, and perhaps not rely on qualified gymnasts to drop out?
JV: In 2013 I indeed want to be at the top 24 and then in the final want to make a very good result, but I also really would like to make an event final. I don't really know where, but my strongest events are pommel horse and parallel bars.
External Link: Belgian Gymnastics Federation
Vansteenkiste: 'I Am A Real Team Player' (June 7, 2019)
Derwael: 'It Was Just A Relief' (November 16, 2018)
Germany Wins Junior Women's Meet in Switzerland (November 4, 2017)
Derwael on Historic Bars Bronze: 'It's All So Surreal' (October 8, 2017)
Mistakes Force Belgium's Meyers To Refocus (July 23, 2017)
Rio Revisited: Dennis Goossens (Belgium) (September 9, 2016)
Belgium's Klinckaert Suffers Knee Injury (July 14, 2016)
Belgium's Verschueren Sure Of Continued Success (December 5, 2015)
Iordache Leads Romania to Victory in Italy (October 10, 2015)
Derwael '100 Percent Committed' to Olympic Goal (August 20, 2015)
Melnikova On Top at Belgium's Top Gym (December 1, 2014)
Belgian Champion Verschueren Ready To Take On Europe (April 29, 2014)
Romania Dominates Against Belgium, France (April 21, 2014)
Rousseau, Thompson Best at Belgium's Coupe Avenir (November 11, 2013)
Absent from Antwerp: Nguyen Ready For Renewal After Rest (November 5, 2013)
IG Interview: Christopher Jursch (Germany) (October 22, 2013)
Komova Eager To Resume Training After Illness (October 11, 2013)
Mixed Emotions for Dutch Coach after Antwerp (October 9, 2013)
Biles, Uchimura Win Again as Worlds End (October 6, 2013)
Uchimura Makes History in Antwerp (October 3, 2013)


With regards to service and maintenance for the caravans, do they require a licenced Euro Caravans technician to work on them? We have our own workshop and authorised repairers in Sydney where we would be happy to accommodate you or we may be able to recommend a service centre to owners in regional areas or other States. Otherwise, Euro Caravans can be serviced by any reputable caravan service centre. Servicing is standardised across all caravan companies in Australia, and usually similar terms apply. You can see our warranty terms and conditions here. How do I go about ordering or getting a quote for spare parts? Parts can be ordered through our Customer Service Team. Otherwise you may be able to find the parts in our Parts Store: https://parts.carlight.com.au/ Where is the bed in this caravan? You can see the location of the bed by looking at the layout on each of the individual model pages on our site or by requesting our latest Brochure. There are different configurations available in our caravans. Is the caravan European? Yes, the caravan is European. Euro Caravans are sold predominately in the UK and Germany. Our caravans satisfy all Australian standards. Is the caravan a standard height off the ground? The height off the ground varies between the models but is sufficient for all sealed roads, and even even dirt and gravel roads Are air-conditioning, toilet/shower, solar and single beds possible on caravans? The air conditioning, toilet/shower, solar and single beds are all possible options on our caravans. You can view these options on our Optional Extras page. Can your caravan fit two (2) people? All our caravans have space for a minimum of two people. Are they lightweight and easy to tow? Yes, Euro Caravans have a base weight from just 560 kgs and can be towed by almost every car on the road. The lightweight materials and compact design make this caravan ideal for even the longest journeys. Are the units wired for 240v? Yes, the caravans are wired for 240v. What is the best way to power my caravan and charge my battery when 240v is not available i.e. free camping? Utilise a solar power unit, such as a Solar Blanket. You can view the Solar Folding Blanket we recommend here or you can contact Euro Caravans if you are considering using an alternative solar product. What could have caused the battery in my caravan to discharge? The fridge, lights, water pump or other 12v appliances may have been left on in the caravan. Alternatively there could be no power/charge getting to the battery. Check the relevant power connections and ensure the on-board power unit (transformer) is plugged into the power point and switched on. You can also check that the fuse on the battery positive lead is not blown. What does the power unit in my caravan do? It converts 240v (mains) power to 12v which is required to operate the interior lights, pump/s and fridge (on 12v). The unit also provides a set charge to the battery when the van is connected to 240v power. Note: The Power Supply Unit (PSU) requires adequate ventilation to operate efficiently. DO NOT pack luggage or other bulky items around the PSU or block-off nearby air vents or gaps in interior panels. Is there space for a small microwave? There is space for a small microwave to be placed on the bench top or possibly in one of the cupboards. Are you able to install solar panels, an Anderson plug and extra battery? Yes, solar panels can be installed. We recommend the 150w Folding Solar Blanket. The Anderson plug comes included with this product. Our Service Team can assist you with an extra battery or larger battery should you require this option. The standard battery is a leisure battery 80AH. Is there a TV and an antenna fitted or available? We have a TV and antenna option (the TV which comes with a DVD player, wall mounted TV bracket and a removable antenna). You can view this on our Optional Extras page. Please contact us for a competitive quote on any of these options. Can you tell me if it is a 7-pin or 12-pin plug? All our caravans come fitted with a 12-pin plug. We also include the 12-pin to 7-pin adapter. Please note that the 12-pin plug should not be used on your caravan unless you have consulted with your 12 volt auto-electrician. What is the tow ball weight of your caravans? Our caravans have a tow ball weight starting from only 40kgs. Please refer to the Brochure for actual weights, as they differ from model to model. What does the bathroom package include? The bathroom includes a folding sink with faucet, a fresh water tank with electric pump, a Thetford cassette toilet, a makeup mirror, shower tray, bathroom window and a Truma 5 litre hot water system. Can the caravan be towed at freeway speeds? Yes, the caravans can be driven up to 110km/hr. This is on the provision that they are correctly loaded with even weight distribution and the tyres are inflated to the recommended pressure (40-42 PSI or 276-290 Kpa). *Please note that it is important to allow for the driving conditions, ensuring that you 'reduce speed' when driving on rough roads, in high wind areas or cross winds; also in wet conditions. Do you have any models which have two single bed configurations? Yes, our Hobby model has a twin bed configuration available. Is a small double berth, bathroom, stove and sink possible? All our caravans that come with a bathroom package also come with a double bed. A stove, sink and fridge are standard on all models. What additional weight does the bathroom package option add to the caravan? Approximately 65kgs. Does a Euro Caravan come with a warranty? Yes, all our caravans come with a 12 Month Warranty. You can view more information on our warranties here. Where are your dealerships located? We are currently located in NSW. You can view our dealership location here. We also regularly exhibit at Trade Shows around Australia. You can view our Trade Show Schedule here. Are these vans converted to left hand drive regarding the entry doors? Yes, they are. All caravans have entry doors on the left hand side. I live interstate. How would I get my caravan delivered? We can arrange interstate delivery with one of our long-term and trusted shipping companies. Otherwise we can arrange an Unregistered Vehicle Permit for you to collect the caravan from our premises and tow it back to your home location. Do we offer finance? Yes, we do. You can read more about our Finance options here. Is there a caravan cover that you know of that fits this van and where can I get it? Yes we have caravan covers available. You can see them on our Optional Extras page. What are the dimension of the single beds? Each single bed is approximately 600 x 1820 in size. Do you have 2 berth and 3 berth caravans? Yes, the two berth caravans have a double bed and a bathroom. The three berth caravans have a double bed and a single bed (no bathroom). Do you do trade-ins? Our business doesn't cater for trade-ins at the moment. What is the difference between the Glider and Hobby models? The main difference between our Glider and Hobby is the size and weight – the Hobby is a larger caravan, though still compact by design. Are there any wind rating specs for caravans as there are for housing? Regarding the wind, it is important to note that our Euro Caravans are much shorter than traditional sized caravans and therefore have much less wind resistance. The Euro Caravans are also fitted with AL-KO independent suspension systems that are designed for maximum stability on the road. And with a lowered centre of gravity, and a low GVM, they are more efficient and safer to tow than larger vans (particularly when it comes to stopping distance in an emergency). Is there anything one should know about a European caravan in our Australian conditions? The Australian national vehicle safety standards have in fact been adopted to harmonise with the international regulations of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). So many of the Australian standards are met, and met with higher scrutiny, because they are manufactured in Europe. Australian weather conditions do not see the extremes in weather that are present in Europe, so they are often better insulated. European caravans are typical of touring caravans and are not designed to be taken on 4WD only roads. Will there be a problem with the electrics in the caravan due to it being manufactured in Europe rather than Australia? The electrics are designed to meet Australian standards. Any electrical modifications or work done to the caravan should only be completed by a licenced electrician. What kind of brakes are on the Euro Caravans? Will I need electric brakes fitted to my car? Our caravans are fitted with an override / inertia braking system, which means any car fitted with a tow bar will be able to pick it up and tow it. Because the Euro Caravans are under 2,000kgs, they do not require electrics brakes to be fitted to your car under Australian law. How do the brakes on my caravan work? The brakes are called Override Brakes. This means that when your cars brakes are applied (going down hills, slowing for corners, etc.) the caravan's inertia force pushes on a sliding mechanism that is built into the tow coupling. The braking force is transferred to the wheels via a brake rod that in-turn activates 2 x brake cables that are connected directly to the braking mechanism on each wheel. What kind of suspension system does Euro Caravans use? Our caravans all have a fully hot dipped galvanised chassis and the suspension systems are manufactured by AL-KO. This includes the rubber torsion bar (axle) and shock absorbers. AL-KO is one of the largest and most reputable trailer parts company in the world. I intend to have the bed set up permanently. I was wondering if it is possible to have the bed made smaller in width and a single seat, plus fold out table and second wardrobe placed at the base of the bed. Or is this something I would need to do after delivery? It is possible to conduct modifications to the internal configuration of the caravan after delivery, perhaps through a local caravan repair company. You can have a look at an article on our News page about this kind of modification. Can we put a washing machine in the caravan? A washing machine is not normally fitted into our caravans. In saying that, you would possibly be able to fit it internally in our Single Beds model if you build a cabinet for it. How much water does the Euro Caravans carry? The water carrying capacity is either 10 or 20 litres, depending on the model / configuration. It is also possible to install an under-carriage water tank that can hold as much as 60 or 70 litres. There is space to have one installed above the axle. How much water does the hot water tank hold and how long will it take to heat-up? The Thetford hot water tank holds 5 litres of water and takes approximately 50 minutes to heat. The thermal cut out is at 65 degrees celcius. What is the light that comes on near the toilet lever? This is the 'Waste Tank full' indicator light. The light comes on to indicate that the waste tank is full. The manufacturer advises that this is the latest time to empty the waste tank and recommends that it be done earlier, where possible. What is the recommended tyre pressure for my caravan? 40-42 PSI or 276-290 Kpa. Is it okay to carry luggage or other items in my caravan? Yes, but do not exceed the maximum loaded weight (known as ATM or GTM). Ensure any additional load added to your van is evenly arranged and items are packed to restrict movement while travelling (and restrained where possible). Place heavy objects over the axle/wheels and empty the water tanks to reduce weight. I can't hear my fridge running, is this normal? Three way fridges (240v, 12v & Gas) work off an 'absorption' principle, which involves the circulation of various liquids. These fridges do not have a compressor, thus making their operation very quiet. Tips for best Fridge operation: – Absorption fridges need to be kept level in order to operate correctly. – Allow several hrs for your fridge to cool (empty) before loading with food/drink etc. – Do not overload your fridge. This will greatly reduce the cooling capacity. * Be aware that 12v (battery) operation can only 'maintain the existing fridge temp' for short periods (approx. 1-2 hrs) if the battery is not connected to a power source such as solar power or charge from a running car.


text:
AustriaGenWeb
Which Austria?
Obtaining Copies of Records
Recent records (post 1938) are maintained by the civil authorities. See: Civil Status Documents
Establish the person's religion. All pre-1938 records are held by the respective churches.
Detailed information about ealiest baptism, marriage and death records in the individual parishes can be found in reference books such as Handy Guide To Austrian Genealogical Records by Dagmar Senekovic (published 1979 by Everton Publishers, Inc.).
A number of useful publications are also available from IHFF
Try the GenTeam database (free; more than 18 million records per March 2018).
Matricula provides online access to church registers (mostly books of birth, marriage and death) from various European countries (currently Austria, Germany, Poland and Serbia).
If your are interested in historic documents, try monasterium.net - a virtual archive that lets you access a content of more than 500,000 primary sources from more than 100 European archives.
Personal visits to the parishes and/or snail mail enquiries are sometimes the best solutions; see tips & advice.
If the person served in the military, try the war archives.
See also: Searches
Copies of Records
LDS Microfilms
Societies & Researchers
Churches & Parishes
The purpose of this webisite to to provide guidance and advice to researchers who are trying to trace their ancestors in today's or in former Austria.
The WorldGenWeb Project is a non-profit, volunteer based organization dedicated to providing genealogical and historical records and resources for world-wide access! See Wikipedia
© Charles Wardell 2017
About AustriaGenWeb
Modern Austria
Austrian Empire
Austrian Links
Austria Mailing List
The WorldGenWeb Project


I've added some photos from May, June, and July, including a picture of the cocoonie as Jacob calls it. May 2009 June 2009 July 2009 This set contains the cocoonie, stylishly disguised as a sumo outfit.
Pics now available! Jacob's Graduation Jessie's Third Birthday Sorry it's taken so long. Wanted to get the images.
I finally got off my keester and updated some pictures in our mega gallery. You can go here to see them. Updates are in April 2008, May 2008, August 2008, and September 2008. Yay. Go me.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
\section{Introduction}

Even though deep neural networks have become the state of the art for image classification \cite{krizhevsky_2012, simonyan_2015, he_2016}, they often require many labeled data to achieve good results. Furthermore, these models usually perform poorly when test data are drawn from a different distribution or feature space. This difference between data distributions is usually called \textit{domain shift} \cite{saenko_2010, sun_2016}. To alleviate such labeling efforts, domain adaptation (DA;\cite{ben-david_2007}) aims at reducing the domain shift when a model trained on a source domain is tested on a target set sampled from a different distribution, by finding a common representation between them \cite{pan_2010}.

Semi-supervised domain adaptation (SSDA) methods address the problem by considering a labeled source and both (a few) labeled and unlabeled target data during training \cite{saito_2019, Jiang_2020, kim_2020}. For instance, Minimax Entropy (MME) \cite{saito_2019} uses a $\ell _{2}$ normalization on the output of a feature extractor and minimizes the cosine similarity between the normalized feature representation of the labeled data and a linear classifier. Thus, the weights of the linear classifier can be seen as representative points of each class (i.e. prototypes). In this work we adopted the normalized feature representation, which has proven to be effective to learn feature representations under labels restrictions \cite{gidaris_2018, chen_2019, chen_2020}.

Advances in semi-supervised learning such as consistency regularization methods \cite{laine_2017, xie_2019, berthelot_2020, chen_2020, sohn_2020} have demonstrated to improve the generalization of the model by generating the same model predictions for different randomly perturbed inputs. Also, recent works suggest that the use of heavily distorted samples (e.g., Cutout \cite{devries_2017}, or RandAugment \cite{cubuk_2020}) are effective to improve the model's performance and generalization \cite{sohn_2020}. On the other hand, recent contrastive learning approaches have shown state-of-the-art results by learning discriminative feature representations from unlabeled data. The general idea is to align a pair of positive samples and push negative samples far apart \cite{dosovi_2014, wu_2018, chen_2020, khosla_2020}.  Despite the promising results of the aforementioned approaches to learning in presence of domain shift, to the best of our knowledge, they have not been extended yet to a SSDA scenario.

In this work we adopted the normalized feature representation proposed by \cite{saito_2019}, and we extent recent advances on \textbf{Con}sistency regularization and \textbf{Con}trastive learning for the SS\textbf{DA} problem. We present \textbf{Con$^{2}$DA}, a simple framework that takes input images and generates pairs of associated augmented versions of the input. These pairs are mapped to the unit hypersphere using a feature extractor. When labels are available, we move the associated normalized representations of the pairs that come from the same class towards their correspondent class prototype. When labels are not available, we treat each pair of associated versions of the input as positive samples and pull them together, while the remaining dissimilar data pairs that come from different input images are pushed apart. An overview of our model can be seen in Figure \ref{fig:model}.

Using this simple yet effective method, we achieved state-of-the-art performances in the commonly used benchmark datasets for SSDA DomainNet \cite{peng_2019}, Office-Home \cite{office-home}, and Office-31 \cite{saenko_2010}, improving up to $1.3\%$, $1.3\%$, and $1.4\%$ in average for each dataset respectively.

\begin{comment}
\section{Related Work}

\subsection{Unsupervised Domain Adaptation}
Due to the large amount of labeled data required to train deep learning models, domain adaptation (DA; \cite{ben-david_2007}) has been proposed as a method to reduce such labeling efforts. The idea of DA is to reduce the domain shift generalizing a model trained on a source to perform similarly on a target domain by finding a common shared space between them \cite{pan_2010}. Most of DA's work has focused on unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA), where no target labels are available. Diverse metrics have been proposed to reduce the domain shift, such as maximum mean discrepancy \cite{tzeng_2014, long_2015, long_2017, yan_2020}, correlation alignment \cite{sun_2016, peng_2018}, or Kullback-Liebler divergence \cite{zhuang_2015, Zou_2019}. Since the appearance of the generative adversarial networks \cite{goodfellow_2014}, significant work has focused on domain adversarial neural networks (DANN; \cite{ganin_2015}). The purpose of DANN is to use a discriminator that determines whether a sample comes from the source or the target domain. At the same time, a feature extractor is trained to confuse the discriminator, by matching the source and target distributions in feature space \cite{ganin_2014,ming_2017,long_2018,shu_2018,russo_2017,zhang_2019}, or in pixel level \cite{isola_2017,zhu_2017,hoffman_2017,hu_2018,hosseini_2019}. Although these approaches have shown promising results for classification, recent work has revealed that when a few labeled target samples are used as source labeled samples, these models do not often improve performance or can even make it worse compared to models that have been trained using only unlabeled target data \cite{saito_2019}.

\subsection{Semi-Supervised Learning}
Like DA, semi-supervised learning (SSL, \cite{chapelle_2010}) aims to reduce labeling efforts by providing a means to leverage unlabeled data to improve model performance when labeled data is scarce. In contrast to DA, in SSL, both labeled and unlabeled data are assumed to be sampled from the same distribution. Therefore, there is no presence of domain shift. Popular approaches in SSL produce artificial labels for unlabeled data and (i.e., pseudo-labeling \cite{Lee_2013}, self-training \cite{mclachlan_1975, rosemberg_2005, xie_2020}). Similarly, consistency regularization methods \cite{mehdi_206, laine_2017, xie_2019, berthelot_2020, chen_2020, sohn_2020} aim to generate the same model predictions when the input is randomly perturbed. On the other hand, contrastive learning approaches learn discriminative features by contrasting positive samples with negative samples \cite{handsell_2006, dosovi_2014, wu_2018, chen_2020} (e.g. two augmented images that come from the same sample are pulled together and the rest of the samples are pushed away).  Recent works suggest that the use of heavily distorted samples (e.g., using Cutout \cite{devries_2017}, or RandAugment \cite{cubuk_2020}) and pseudo-labeling are effective to improve the model's performance \cite{sohn_2020}. This composition of multiple data distortions is also beneficial for the learning of consistent and contrastive representations \cite{chen_2020, kim_2021}, improving generalization.  However, to the best of our knowledge, these methods have not been explored yet for a domain adaptation scenario.

\subsection{Semi-supervised Domain Adaptation}
When UDA and SSL merge, semi-supervised domain adaptation (SSDA) arises to leverage both labeled and unlabeled target data in a domain adaptation scenario \cite{yao_2015, santos_2017, ao_2017, saito_2018, perez_carrasco_2019, Jiang_2020, kim_2020}. For instance, Saito et al. \cite{saito_2018} proposed MME and used a $\ell _{2}$ normalization on the output of a feature extractor to minimize the cross-entropy between the normalized vector of the labeled data and a linear classifier \cite{gidaris_2018, yu_2019}. This way, the linear classifier's weights can be seen as prototypes of each class. A minimax loss is optimized on the conditional entropy, moving the unlabeled target data towards their closer prototype. Jiang et al. \cite{Jiang_2020} proposed the use of adversarial examples to deal with the domain shift. They introduce bidirectional adversarial training (BiAT), a model that generates directional perturbations that guide the adversarial examples from one domain towards the other using adaptive adversarial training and entropy-penalized virtual adversarial training. On the other hand, Kim T. et al. \cite{kim_2020} introduced the intra-domain discrepancy problem in SSDA. This problem arises when the few labeled samples on the target domain attract some similar unlabeled samples towards their neighborhood but can leave many other dissimilar unlabeled samples unaligned, producing a misalignment between two target subdistributions. They propose to align these subdistributions using an attraction scheme that minimizes the divergence between them. In this work, we adopt the prototypical representation proposed by \cite{saito_2018}, along with the recent advances in consistency regularization \cite{sohn_2020} and contrastive learning \cite{chen_2020}, and we extend it to the SSDA problem. We show that the composition of these strategies is effective to improve the generalization in the target domain in presence of domain shift.
\end{comment}

\section{Method}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{contdaDiagram.png}
  \caption{Overview of the Con$^{2}$DA framework. Our model takes weak and strong augmented samples and passes them through a feature extractor. The resulting vectors are normalized to the unit hypersphere. In the supervised case, the standard cross-entropy is applied for weak and strong augmented data. When labels are not available, a contrastive and a self-supervised loss functions are applied, leveraging both weak and strong augmented samples and extracting consistent feature representations in the normalized representation space. Notice that continuous black lines represent operations performed in the forward pass, while dashed red lines represent operations performed in the backward pass.}
  \label{fig:model}
   \vspace{-1.0em}

\end{figure*}

In a semi-supervised domain adaptation (SSDA) problem, we are given a source dataset composed by the images and their respective labels $\mathcal{D}^s = \{\mathbf{x}_{i}^s, y_{i}^s\}_{i=1}^{n^{s}}$, an unlabeled target dataset $\mathcal{D}^{u} = \{(\mathbf{x}_{i}^{u})\}^{n^u}_{i=1}$, and labeled target data $\mathcal{D}^{t} = \{(\mathbf{x}_{i}^{t}, y_{i}^{t})\}_{i=1}^{n^t}$. In SSDA, $n^{t}$ is assumed to be small (usually 1 or 3 labeled samples per class). For both domains we have the same $K$ classes, i.e. $y^s_{i}\in\{1,...,K\}$, $y^t_{i}\in\{1,...,K\}$. Our goal is to reduce the domain shift between $\mathcal{D}^{s}$ and $\{\mathcal{D}^{u}$, $\mathcal{D}^{t}\}$, to improve the performance of the model when evaluating on $\mathcal{D}^{u}$.

In this work we propose a method that learns \textbf{Con}sistent and \textbf{Con}trastive feature representations for SS\textbf{DA}. An overview of our method, named \textbf{Con$^{2}$DA} can be seen in Figure \ref{fig:model}. Our framework is composed of three major components:
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Stochastic data augmentation:} Given an input $\mathbf{x} \in \{\mathcal{D}^{s}, \mathcal{D}^{u}, \mathcal{D}^{t}\}$, two random transformations  are applied, generating the two associated versions of the same sample $\tilde{\mathbf{x}}^{weak} \sim \mathcal{T}^{weak}(\mathbf{x})$ and $\tilde{\mathbf{x}}^{strong} \sim \mathcal{T}^{strong}(\mathbf{x})$. For $\mathcal{T}^{weak}(\cdot)$, we used simple transformations such as \textit{random cropping}, \textit{random horizontal flipping}, and \textit{Gaussian blur}. For $\mathcal{T}^{strong}(\cdot)$, we used the same augmentations, plus RandAugment \cite{cubuk_2020}. We show that by adopting an augmentation strategy that strongly perturbs input images, our algorithm improves in performance compared with the method using only weak augmentations (see Appendix D).
\item\textbf{Feature extractor:} We used a feature extractor $f(\cdot)$ that maps transformations $\tilde{\mathbf{x}} \in \{\tilde{\mathbf{x}}^{weak}, \tilde{\mathbf{x}}^{strong}\}$ into a representation vector $h = f(\tilde{\mathbf{x}}) \in \mathbb{R }^{d}$, where $d$ is the representation dimension (we set $d=256$ in all our experiments). This vector is normalized to the unit hypersphere using the $\ell _{2}$ normalization, that takes the form $z(\cdot) = \frac{f(\cdot)}{\lVert f(\cdot) \rVert}$. Depending on whether $\tilde{\mathbf{x}}$ is a labeled or unlabeled sample, different loss functions are optimized.
\item \textbf{Classifier:} We pass the normalized feature representations through a linear classifier $\textbf{W} \in \mathbb{R}^{d\times K}$ and we scale the output by a temperature hyperparameter $T$. Using a softmax activation function we obtained the output probability distribution  $p(y|\tilde{\mathbf{x}}) = \textit{Softmax}\big(\frac{1}{\mathbf{T}}\mathbf{W}^{T}z(\tilde{\mathbf{x}})\big)$. It is worth noticing that for accurate classification, both the weight vector and the normalized features of the same class should be pointing to the same direction into the hypersphere. This way, each weight vector $\textbf{w}_{i} \in \textbf{W}$, $i \in \{1,...,K\}$ can be seen as a representative prototype of each class \cite{saito_2019}.
\end{itemize}

\textbf{Supervised Loss Function:} For the labeled objects, we align associated data pairs towards their respective class prototype, regardless of whether the objects come from the source or target domain. Specifically, we sample a mini-batch of data  $\{(\textbf{x}_{i}, y_{i})\}^{N}_{i=1} \in \{\mathcal{D}^{s}, \mathcal{D}^{t}\}$, composed of $N/2$ number of source labeled objects and $N/2$ number of target labeled objects. For each sample $\mathbf{x}_{i}$, two stochastic augmentations are applied, obtaining a weak augmented version $\tilde{\mathbf{x}_{i}}^{weak}$, and a strong augmented version $\tilde{\mathbf{x}_{i}}^{strong}$. Both images are passed through the feature extractor and classifier, obtaining the probability vectors $p^{weak}_{i} = p(y_{i}|\tilde{\mathbf{x}}^{weak}_{i})$ and $p^{strong}_{i} = p(y_{i}|\tilde{\mathbf{x}}^{strong}_{i})$. Then, the loss function for each mini-batch can be computed using Equation \ref{eq:sup}:
\begin{equation} \label{eq:sup}
\mathcal{L}^{sup} = \frac{1}{N}\sum^{N}_{i=1} \big( \mathcal{L}_{ce}(p^{weak}_{i}, y_{i}) + \mathcal{L}_{ce}(p^{strong}_{i}, y_{i}) \big),
\end{equation}
where $\mathcal{L}_{ce}$ is a standard cross-entropy loss. Intuitively, by minimizing this objective with respect to the feature extractor and the linear classifier, we force the labeled feature representations and prototypes that represent the same class to point in the same direction into the hypersphere.

 \textbf{Unsupervised Loss Functions:} In the unsupervised case, we expect the distance of normalized feature representations of associated data pairs to be low, while we expect the distance with feature representations of objects that were generated from different inputs to be high. For this purpose, we sample a mini-batch $\{\textbf{x}_{i}\}^{N}_{i=1} \in \mathcal{D}^{u}$ of $N$ unlabeled target objects and we use the normalized temperature-scaled cross-entropy loss function (NT-Xent; \cite{chen_2020}), that takes two associated normalized feature representations $z^{weak}_{i} = z(\tilde{\textbf{x}}^{weak}_{i})$ and $z^{strong}_{i} = z(\tilde{\textbf{x}}^{strong}_{i})$,  and computes the cosine similarity between them $sim(z^{weak}_{i}, z^{strong}_{i}) = z^{weak}_{i} \cdot z^{strong}_{i}$. This similarity is forced to be high, while the similarities $sim(z_{i}, z_{a})$ between each feature representation $z_{i} \in \{z_{i}^{weak}, z_{i}^{strong}\}$ and the rest of the dissimilar augmented samples $z_{a} \in A(i) = \{z^{weak}_{1}, ..., z^{weak}_{i-1}, z^{weak}_{i+1}, ...,z^{weak}_{N}\} \cup \{z^{strong}_{1}, ..., z^{strong}_{i-1}, z^{strong}_{i+1}, ...,z^{strong}_{N}\}$  are forced to be low. The mathematical formulation for the NT-Xent loss can be written as follows:
\begin{equation} \label{eq:cont}
\mathcal{L}^{cont} = \frac{1}{N}\sum^{N}_{i=1}
 -log{\frac{\exp(sim(z^{weak}_{i}, z^{strong}_{i})/T)}{\sum_{z_{a} \in A(i)}\exp(sim(z_{i},z_{a})/T)}},
\end{equation}
where $T$ denotes a temperature hyperparameter. Notice that this loss function is computed for both $z_{i}=z_{i}^{weak}$ and $z_{i}=z_{i}^{strong}$.

Our model also computes an artificial label for each pair of strong and weak augmented unlabeled samples (i.e. pseudo-labeling \cite{mclachlan_1975, Lee_2013, sohn_2020}). This label can be obtained by computing the $\argmax$ function over the averaged model predictions for the $k$ classes, for a given pair of associated samples $\bar{y}_{i} = \argmax_{1\leq k \leq K} ((p^{weak}_{ik}+p^{strong}_{ik})/2)$. Similarly, an averaged model confidence can be computed as $\bar{p}_{i} = \max_{1\leq k \leq K} ((p^{weak}_{ik}+p^{strong}_{ik})/2)$. Then, for each mini-batch our method minimizes a self-supervised loss function with respect to the feature extractor:
\begin{equation} \label{eq:self}
\mathcal{L}^{self} =  \frac{1}{N} \sum^{N}_{i=1} \big(
\mathbbm{1}_{{\bar{p}_{i}\geq \tau}}
\mathcal{L}_{ce}(p^{weak}_{i}, \bar{y}_{i}) +
\mathbbm{1}_{{\bar{p}_{i}\geq \tau}}
\mathcal{L}_{ce}(p^{strong}_{i}, \bar{y}_{i}) \big)
\end{equation}
where $\mathbbm{1}_{{\bar{p}_{i}\geq \tau}} \in \{0,1\}$ is the indicator function that takes value $1$ iff $\bar{p}_{i}$ is greater than  $\tau$, a probability threshold hyperparameter, and $0$ otherwise. For simplicity, we assume that $\bar{p}_{i}$ are valid \textit{one-hot} probability distributions for the cross-entropy loss.

The overall optimization procedure can be seen in Appendix E.

\section{Experiments} \label{sec:exp}
sAs in the standard SSDA scenario, we randomly chose one or three labeled training samples per target class for training (one and three-shot respectively). We also randomly selected three target labeled samples as the validation set. We used all the unlabeled data for training, and we reveal their labels to evaluate and report the final model performance.\\
\textbf{Datasets.} We performed experiments using three benchmark datasets: \textbf{DomainNet} \cite{peng_2019} a large-scale domain adaptation dataset that contains six domains and 345 classes in each domain. Following \cite{saito_2019}, four domains (R: Real, P: Painting, S: Sketch, C: Clipart), 126 classes, and 7 different adaptation scenarios are used for evaluation. \textbf{Office-Home} \cite{office-home} contains four domains (R: Real, A: Art, C: Clipart, P: Product) and 65 classes. We performed experiments using 12 adaptation scenarios. \textbf{Office31} \cite{saenko_2010} contains three domains (W: Webcam, D: DSLR, A: Amazon), and 31 classes. We used two adaptation scenarios for evaluation (D to A, and W to A).\\
\textbf{Baselines.} We compared our method against state-of-the-art SSDA and UDA approaches, as well as using no domain adaptation at all. The baselines for SSDA consist of the state-of-the-art methods MME \cite{saito_2018}, APE \cite{kim_2020}, and BiAT \cite{Jiang_2020}.  For UDA we compared with DANN \cite{ganin_2014}, ADR \cite{saito_2018}, and CDAN \cite{long_2018}. We trained UDA methods treating target labeled samples as if they were source labeled samples. Non adaptation methods consisted of models trained on all labeled samples using cross-entropy, leveraging only labeled data (S+T; \cite{yu_2019}), and considering unlabeled samples by minimizing the conditional entropy (ENT; \cite{grandvalet_2004}). \\
\textbf{Results}
A summary of our results is shown in Table \ref{table:results} (see Appendix C for complete result tables). For the DomainNet dataset, our model achieved competitive results compared to the rest of state-of-the-art methods for AlexNet and ResNet34 in both one and three shot cases. As can be seen for Office-Home our method outperforms the averaged results reported by previous state-of-the-art results by $1.3\%$ of accuracy in average. Finally, for Office31 our model outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods by a margin of $1.0\%$ and $1.4\%$ of accuracy in one-shot and three-shot scenarios respectively.

\begin{table}[h]
  \begin{center}
  \scalebox{0.75}{
  \begin{tabular}{|l||cc||cc||cc||cc|}
    \hline
    &\multicolumn{2}{c||}{ \textbf{DomainNet}}&
    \multicolumn{2}{c||}{ \textbf{Office-Home}}&
    \multicolumn{2}{c||}{ \textbf{Office31}} &
    \multicolumn{2}{c|}{ \textbf{DomainNet}}\\

    Method     & 1-shot     & 3-shot & 1-shot & 3-shot &  1-shot     & 3-shot & 1-shot     & 3-shot \\ \hline
    & \multicolumn{6}{c||}{AlexNet} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{ResNet34} \\ \hline

    S+T \cite{yu_2019} & 40.0 & 40.3  & 44.1 & 50.0 & 50.2 & 61.8 & 56.9 & 60.0  \\

    DANN \cite{ganin_2014} & 40.4 & 42.4  & 45.1 & 50.3 & 55.8 & 64.8 & 58.4 & 60.7\\

    ADR \cite{saito_2018} & 39.2 & 42.7  & 44.5 & 49.5 & 50.6 & 61.3 & 57.6 & 60.4 \\

    CDAN \cite{long_2018} & 39.1 & 41.0  & 41.2 & 46.2 & 49.5 & 60.9 & 62.5 & 66.5\\

    ENT \cite{grandvalet_2004} & 29.1 & 39.8  & 38.8 & 50.9 & 50.4 & 65.1 & 62.6 & 67.6  \\

    MME \cite{saito_2018} & 44.2 & 48.2  & 49.2 & 55.2 & 56.5 & 67.6 & 66.4 & 68.9  \\

    APE \cite{kim_2020} & 44.6 & 48.9 & - & 55.6 & - & 68.3 & 67.6 & \textbf{71.7}\\

    BiAT \cite{Jiang_2020} & \textbf{45.5} & 49.4 & 49.6 & \textbf{56.4} & 56.3 & 68.4 & 67.1 & 69.7 \\  \hline

    Con$^{2}$DA (Ours) & \textbf{45.5} & \textbf{49.5} & \textbf{50.5} &
    55.8 &
    \textbf{57.3} & \textbf{69.8} & \textbf{68.4} & 71.4\\

    \hline
  \end{tabular}}
    \caption{Mean Accuracy over the different adaptation settings for DomainNet, Office-Home and Office31. All experiments were performed using the same adaptations and data splits used by \cite{saito_2019, kim_2020}.}
  \label{table:results}
  \end{center}
  \vspace{-2.0em}
\end{table}

\section{Conclusions}
Despite the huge labeling efforts that deep neural network models need to achieve their best performances, SSDA methods can be applied to greatly reduce labeling costs. In this work, we present Con$^{2}$DA, a simple framework that learns from artificially augmented images using consistent and contrastive visual representation to improve generalization on target domain. We studied the main components of our model and we showed the effect of different combinations of augmentation and training strategies. Using these findings, we compared our methods with different SSDA and UDA methods and we obtained state-of-the-art performances in three commonly used domain adaptation benchmarks DomainNet, Office-Home, and Office31 by margins of $1.3\%$, $1.3\%$, and $1.4\%$ respectively.

\section{Acknowledgements}
We gratefully acknowledge support from ANID through the FONDECYT Initiation grant Nº11191130 and from the Data Science Unit at University of Concepción. G.C.V. acknowledges support from the ANID --Millennium Science Initiative Program--ICN12\_009 awarded to the Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS).

\bibliographystyle{plain}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The Song Series gives me a way to combine two of my favorite ways to spend time: creating a new piece and music.
The Song Series lends itself well to pen & ink and allows me to create a level of detail which literally brings the song into the tangible 3D world. You can now touch it and look at it and have those wonderful memories any time you want.
The Series has struck a chord with the public and I invite you to suggest a song you'd like to see reimagined in a pen & ink rendering. Suggesting a song does not obligate you to purchase, but of course, that is an option!
If you'd like to purchase an existing piece or commission a piece for yourself, please contact me for details and pricing.
Please Note: If I use a song you suggest, you are not obligated in any way to purchase the piece I create.
"(Feelin' Like a) Rock Star"
"Recently I lost my mother. I was talking to Teresa about a song we always sang to each other, "I Will" by The Beatles. I told her what the song meant to me and how true it rang in my heart. A few weeks later, Teresa showed up with the most amazing visual depiction of this song - not an easy task as it's not a very visual song. The drawing captured so much of my emotion, my heartbreak and my memories that it was as if she knew our relationship, which of course she did not. I'm truly amazed and totally in awe of how someone who didn't have my experiences or memories could so gracefully and effortlessly place this song into a lovely, visual work of art. She captured a feeling, emotion, and memory I didn't know I'd conveyed. Teresa has put a beautiful vision on paper, giving me comfort and peace where there was none."
Inspired by the Mariah Carey song "Hero"
Inspired by Lee Ann Womack's "I Hope You Dance"
Inspired by Jason Aldean's "Dirt Road Anthem"
Inspired by Flaming Lips "Do You Realize?"
Inspired by John Legend's "All of Me"


The domain provisioning creates some certificates. Therefore, to avoid any issues, use the same name for your dc service as your local FQDN. For example host.example.local or change your system hostname to dc1.example.local.
samba-tool domain provision --use-rfc2307 --interactive --option="interfaces=lo INTERNAL-NIC" --option="bind interfaces only=yes"
Note. some additional tuning may be required for NIS extensions to be enabled.
And proceed with some further testing from some client.
samba-tool domain join example.local DC -U"EXAMPLE\administrator" --dns-backend=SAMBA_INTERNAL --option="interfaces=lo INTERNAL-NIC" --option="bind interfaces only=yes"
Feb 27 23:49:52 lenovo smbd:   server role = 'active directory domain controller' not compatible with running smbd standalone.
Feb 27 23:49:52 lenovo nmbd:   server role = 'active directory domain controller' not compatible with running nmbd standalone.
==> do not use rc.samba. Use samba directly as described above.


text:
חזרה לכל הפעילויות
חיפוש לפי תגיות
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כשרות משפטית
Article 12 Comes to Youtube
During the past six months Bizchut, The Israel Human Rights Center for People with Disabilities, with the support of OSF, has produced 5 movie clips about Article 12 that have been uploaded to Youtube. The aim of the clips is to talk about the complex issues of legal capacity and supported decision-making through personal stories that catch the interest of the viewer. In order to bring different perspectives, the 5 movies focus on different aspects of Article 12 – the negative elements of guardianship and the positive elements of supported decision-making. Here is a short description of each one of the clips.
English subtitles can be accessed through the wheel at the moment of the screen.
Horesh – This film describes the tension between parents and their children around the issue of guardianship. On the one hand there is Horesh's father who, all his life, has taught Horesh that he can do anything he wants to, but finds it hard to give him his freedom. On the other hand there is Horesh who wants to be independent but holds back from making decisions without his father's approval. Editing this movie clip was very difficult as we wanted to present both voices in a balanced way, ensure that the audience feels the tension and doesn't necessarily reach a conclusion about which path is the right one.
Three stories – This movie brings the stories of three people who suffered tremendous hardship as a result of their guardianship arrangements. Our aim was to illustrate, from a number of angles, the heavy price paid by individuals who have external guardians without introducing any discussion of alternatives. The movie attempts to emphasize the severity of depriving someone of their freedom through the appointment of a guardian.
Alex – Alex was willing to be recorded under a false name. In the beginning we refused to do this as we felt it was important to bring stories of people who were willing to reveal their identity. But Alex's story and Alex himself were so impressive that in the end we agreed to record him speaking and use illustrative filming that would accompany his words. In retrospect, in light of the anonymity, Alex agreed to share complicated details from his story including a suicide attempt, a result of having been appointed with a guardian and forced a live in a hostel against his wishes. Alex now lectures in trainings on guardianship given to professionals in Israel.
Dana – This is the first movie we made and it brings the story of release from guardianship in favour of supported decision-making. The clip shows how supported decision-making allows the provision of personalized responses crafted in line with the needs of a particular individual and how the freedom and freedom of choice this enable, can result in people leading happier lives.
Film about the Pilot – Bizchut's 'Article 12' Pilot which examined how to develop a model for supported decision-making recently came to an end. This movie interviews pilot participants, supporters, parents and professionals who were involved in the project. Through a few stories we try to give a taste of the experience and to demonstrate the practical implications and outcomes of supported decision-making in the day-to-day lives of persons with different disabilities.


text:
Series 4000 Hollywood Sound Effects Library
City Hunter (1987)
The Little Mermaid (1989)
BBC Sound Effects Library - Original Series
America's Funniest Home Videos
A Grand Day Out (1989) (Short)
All Dogs Go To Heaven (1989)
Always (1989)
American Ninja 3: Blood Hunt (1989)
Babar: The Movie (1989)
Back to Neverland (1989) (Shorts)
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Black Rain (1989)
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Breaking In (1989)
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Castle in the Sky (1986)
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Cheetos - Diving Board Commercial (1989)
Chimpui
Dead Poets Society (1989)
DeepStar Six (1989)
Dink, the Little Dinosaur
Dr. Seuss Beginner Book Video
Dragon Ball Z: Dead Zone (1989)
Driving Miss Daisy (1989)
Eureeka's Castle
Field of Dreams (1989)
Fist Fighter (1989)
G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero (1989 TV Series)
Garfield's Babes and Bullets (1989)
Garfield's Thanksgiving (1989)
Glory (1989)
Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers (1989)
Hamm's Beer - Floating (1989) Commercial
Heathers (1988)
Honey, I Shrunk the Kids (1989)
In Country (1989)
Inside the NBA
Jacknife (1989)
Jungle Book Shōnen Mowgli
K-9 (1989)
Kiki's Delivery Service (1989)
Kimba The White Lion
King Koopa's Kool Kartoons
Licence to Kill (1989)
Little Golden Book Land (1989)
Little Monsters (1989)
Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland (1989)
Locomotion (1989)
Look Who's Talking (1989)
Major League (1989)
McGee and Me!
Meet the Feebles (1989)
Mini-Dora SOS (1989)
Molly and the Skywalkerz: Two Daddies? (1989)
National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989)
Nick's Thanksgiving Fest (1989)
Not Quite Human II (1989)
Osomatsu-kun: Greetings from the Watermelon Planet! (1989)
Paddington Bear (1989 TV Series)
Penn & Teller Get Killed (1989)
Penny Crayon
Physical Evidence (1989)
Police Academy 6: City Under Siege (1989)
Project A-ko 4: FINAL (1989)
Race for Glory (1989)
Renegades (1989)
Richard Scarry's Best ABC Video Ever!
Richard Scarry's Best Counting Video Ever!
Riki-Oh: The Wall of Hell (1989)
Road House (1989)
Saved by the Bell (1989 TV Series)
Say Anything (1989)
Sesame Street: 20 Years & Still Counting! (1989)
Shining Time Station
Silent Night, Deadly Night 3: Better Watch Out! (1989)
User blog:SMTiger/Tugs (My Version)
Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (1989)
Tango & Cash (1989)
Teen Witch (1989)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Arcade Game
The 'Burbs (1989)
The Abyss (1989)
The Adventures of Milo and Otis (1989)
The All-New Mickey Mouse Club
The Betty Boop Movie Mystery (1989)
The Butter Battle Book (1989)
The Crowville Chronicles
The Fly II (1989)
The Ghost of Faffner Hall
The Hollywood Edge
The Jim Henson Hour
The Karate Kid (TV Series)
The Legend of Zelda (TV series)
The Little Mermaid (1989) (Trailers)
The Wattersons
The Wind in the Willows: A Tale of Two Toads (1989)
The Wizard (1989)
The Young Riders
Three Fugitives (1989)
Total Recording - Sound Effects - Ambience-Interior/Exterior (1989) (Others Media)
Trenchcoat in Paradise (1989)
Triads: The Inside Story (1989)
True Believer (1989)
Tummy Trouble (1989)
Turner & Hooch (1989)
Uncle Buck (1989)
Urusei Yatsura OVAs
Vicks Blue Commercials (1989-2003)
Warlock (1989)
Wee Sing in Sillyville (1989)
Weekend at Bernie's (1989)
Willy the Sparrow (1989)
Yawara!


Sustainability is an integral part of Sunway REIT and the enlarged Sunway Group's DNA. Being one of the largest REITs in the nation with sizable portfolio of properties, embracing sustainability practices has come a long way. Our sustainability strategies embedded into the business operations, as demonstrated by the efficiency in our building management and array of social community activities in the past decades.
Our sustainability journey has been enriching for the past 3 years. Since initiating our sustainability reporting three years ago, we recognized the importance of instilling the right sustainability culture that starts within the organization where we initiated employees awareness projects for employees, Facilities Management Team and hotel operator to align Sunway REIT's sustainability objectives and goals.
With conscious strategy, our aim is to prioritize development of sustainability programmes that is self-sustained over one-off activities as we believe this will lead to positive economic, environmental and societal impacts. In this financial year, we revitalised our sistainability strategies to focus on material sustainability initiatives aligned to the 17 United Nations Sustainability Development Goals (UN SDGs) that generate lasting and measurable impacts. We further enhanced the date collection process to achieve the measurability and veracity of the value creation in our sustainability programmes.
Our sustainability reporting is principally guided by Sustainability Reporting Guide in accordance with the Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad Main Market Listing Requirements and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards, a globally recognized sustainability framework.
A year ago, we have incorporated the UN SDGs into the report with our key sustainability initiatives attached to the identified UN SDG.


You can use InflatableOffice to estimate your staff costs for an event. To use it, you must set how many staff are required for each item in your inventory (Required Staff). You also set the hourly rate to charge for your staff per hour In Settings-General Settings. Finally, you set which delivery methods to charge staff costs for (Settings->Delivery Methods).
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2. Use event time, drive time, and setup/teardown times. The drive time uses the distance divided by 60 (assumes 60 mph) and the setup/teardown time.


HOW LONG IS THE LISTENING PAPER? The listening paper is the same in both academic and the general training modules of the IELTS test. Academic and General Training modules of the IELTS test .It lasts approximately 30 minutes and students are given an extra 10 minutes to write their answers onto a separate answer sheet….
By : admin Posted On : November 30, 2018 4 Comments.


Located along the Boulevard that encircle the Dal Lake, the SKICC now bring to Srinagar all the Facilities of a modern conference venue. The country's newest, and one of its most modern convention centers ,it is equipped to handle international conferences with ease and efficiency. This combines with the timeless splendours of Srinagar to bring to the convention delegates a host of opportunities that span from deliberations to sightseeing, gourmandizing, shopping and leisure activities.
This Golf Course is one of the most stunning & breathtaking golf courses you would play in India.
SKICC has hosted large number of international & national level conferences.
Established on the bank of famed and picturesque Nigeen Lake, the very ambience of Nigeen Club is enormously attractive.


Realistic looking, hand decorated miniature cocktails and bar accessory swizzle sticks.
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Nice and sturdy. Good looking.
Very detailed design. Use them almost every day. Great buy. Cut down the plastic container they came in so they could be on display on the kitchen counter.
We have been looking for drink themed stirrers for a while and glad we came across these! Very cool and sturdy too. Very much worth the price.
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My girlfriend makes miniature houses, these fit the the get togethers.
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Looking for a cute gift for my sister who loves to entertain. Thought she would like these.
I really like the look of the colorful bottles and drinks !


Denmark, copenhagen, tivoli, Christmas holiday - EU07 SPI0161 - Sergio Pitamitz greeting card is a great way to say "thank you" or to acknowledge any occasion. These blank cards are made of heavy-duty card stock that allows for smudge free writing. Cards are creased for easy folding and come with white envelopes. Available individually or in sets of 6 and 12.


What is the Minety Fitness club?
The Club was formed in 1990 as part of a District Council fitness initiative in North Wiltshire villages. It is now run entirely as a non-profit making village club aimed at helping people acquire an hour of exercise locally once a week.
If you are not basically fit, you won't be able to enjoy taking part in exercise or sport. In fact, if you are really unfit, you won't be able to do much more than walk short distances and sit around! You will also not feel as well as someone who leads a more active life.
You can take part for general health, mental well-being, specific sports training or for social and recreational reasons.
There are no prerequisites in terms of your level of fitness. The club allows people to work at a rate appropriate to them. Minety Fitness Club has always attracted a wide range of people, whether young or old, male or female. Everyone is welcome.
Research suggests that there is a decline in physical performance of about one to two per cent per year. This is partly caused by a reduction in the amount of exercise taken. Studies show that most people gain about a pound of fat and lose up to half a pound of muscle each year (starting in their 30s).
The amount and the type of exercise that you do will influence your level of fitness. The more exercise you do, the better your level of fitness.
It is well known that physical activity is also a good way to reduce stress levels and to help you deal better with stress when it happens.
The cost is £2.50 per session.
If you think that you might be interested in joining the Minety Fitness Club, please come along to the Village Hall on a Wednesday evening at 8.00 p.m. (For more information contact Rob Hilliar: 860466).


After repeatative assurance from rediffshop's executive the product order dated 22nd January not yet delivered to me by FEDEX courier. The FEDEX courier not able to answer about the product assigned to them for deliver. Their online display promises are totally false. People should be aware about this company..otherwise they will lose money. I am giving the order details.