To support parents in improving the health of their young children, examples of effective parenting practices for a healthy diet, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are needed. This study explores perceived effective and ineffective parenting practices in difficult situations concerning raising healthy children and investigates their relationship with Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). The current study is formative work to inform the content of a randomized controlled trial.
Four focus groups were conducted between June and October 2012 at worksites during lunch break. A total of 21 unrelated parents of primary schoolchildren (6 fathers, 15 mothers) participated. A short written questionnaire introduced typical difficult situations derived from parental anecdotal reports, concerning healthy diet, PA and SB. These situations formed the backbone for the subsequent focus group discussion. In October 2012, discussions were audio-recorded and analyzed in Nvivo to identify key response items using thematic analysis.
Parents experienced explaining why the child should behave healthily, monitoring, being consistent, offering alternatives, reacting empathetically, modeling, motivating, increasing intrinsic value and availability, and using time-out as effective practices, whereas anger was considered ineffective. Opinions were mixed about the effectiveness of giving as much freedom as possible, obliging, rewarding and punishing, and setting rules and agreements. Parenting practices were consistent with principles from both SDT and SCT.
Parents identified numerous perceived effective practices to respond to their child's health-related behavior. Since many of them coincide with the evidence base and the success of a parenting program depends upon the degree to which parents' concerns and motivations are integrated into the program design, important opportunities are created for future intervention programs.
The benefits of a healthy diet, sufficient physical activity (PA) and limited sedentary behavior (SB) in children, have been well documented and include prevention of overweight and obesity, cardiovascular diseases, depression, fear, stress, poor self-image, and improvement of quality of life [1–5]. Despite these benefits, many children do not meet the recommendations for a healthy diet [6, 7], sufficient PA  or limited SB . Furthermore, children's dietary patterns [10, 11], PA [12, 13] and SB  track from childhood into adolescence and adulthood. Therefore, consistently intervening in early years across settings, before an obesogenic lifestyle is deeply rooted, is needed .
In the literature, an increasing number of studies and reviews highlights the impact of parenting on the development of healthy children [5, 16–26]. There is extensive evidence that parents influence their children's personal behavioral determinants by shaping their attitudes and social norms and by enhancing their children's self-efficacy in exhibiting a healthy lifestyle. Within this research area, a subdivision is made between the influence of general parenting styles and specific parenting practices regarding diet, PA and/or SB [22–28]. The commonly used approach in general parenting research is based on the work of Maccoby and Martin  who described parenting style as a function of two dimensions of parental behavior: the responsiveness of parents to their child's needs through affectionate and sensitive interactions (involvement), and the attempt to control their child's behavior through discipline and expectations (strictness). Results from the review of Sleddens et al.  suggest that children raised in authoritative homes (high involvement and high strictness) ate more healthily, were more physically active and had lower BMI levels compared to children who were raised with other styles (authoritarian, permissive, neglectful). Specific parenting practices include influencing a child's specific behavior (healthy diet, PA or SB) via e.g. modeling, social support, parental control, availability and rules and agreements [24, 29–31]. Recently, many studies were designed to prevent obesity and/or promote health in children through specific dietary, PA and SB changes that involved parents [19, 32–39]. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have been conducted to assess which of these specific practices parents evaluate as effective and achievable to implement. Since the success of a parenting program depends upon the degree to which parents' concerns and motivations are integrated into the program design , the current study aims to address this gap in literature.
Parental practices have also been studied in Self Determination Theory (SDT) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) which both support the principles of authoritative parenting. Parenting practices as reacting empathetically, motivating, increasing the intrinsic value of an activity, applying clear rules and agreements, being consistent, modeling, monitoring and offering alternative activities with as much choice as possible, fulfill both the principles of SDT and SCT [41–46]. Besides these shared principles, each theory also emphasizes different aspects of effective parenting practices. According to SDT, all human beings have the fundamental need to feel related, competent, and autonomous in order to develop and function optimally . Relatedness refers to the need to feel connected to others, to be a member of a larger community, to love and care and to be loved and cared for. The feeling of competence covers the belief that one has the means to control his or her own behaviors and is closely related to the concept of self-efficacy. Finally, the need for autonomy represents an individual's inherent desire to act as the causal agent of one's own life and act in harmony with one's inner self . Another important concept in SDT is internalization, the process by which individuals gradually transform certain externally reached beliefs, attitudes or behaviors into personally appreciated ones. As initial uninteresting activities become more internalized, they are performed with a larger feeling of autonomy, psychological freedom or self-determination . SCT on the other hand specifies the unending reciprocal interrelatedness of personal, physical and social environmental, and behavioral factors . Key elements of SCT include outcome expectancies, perceived self-efficacy, social norms, behavioral skills, reinforcement, and environmental factors such as availability . Additionally, SCT focuses on the impact of external contingencies on the individual's behavior. When receiving a reward or punishment for a certain behavior, a child is more or less likely to repeat that behavior .
Since several reviews conclude that a potential barrier to implement an effective parent-focused intervention is a lack of theory-driven research [11, 52, 53], a second aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship between the perceived effective and ineffective parenting practices and SDT or SCT.
The present study is situated at the developmental stage of the Intervention Mapping Protocol, a problem- and theory-driven protocol that was especially developed to guide the design of evidence-based intervention programs . Since parents report the need for strategies to encourage their children to eat healthy foods and be more physically active , the information arising from the current study will be used to inform the content of a randomized controlled trial consisting of a parenting intervention aimed at promoting a healthy diet, PA, and less SB in primary schoolchildren. Focus groups were held with parents to discover perceived effective and ineffective parenting practices related to the three energy-related behaviors and situating them within SDT and/or SCT.
The study used a convenience sample of parents of primary schoolchildren. Parents were recruited via their workplace to participate in a focus group during lunch break. All workplaces were located in Flanders (i.e. the Dutch speaking part of Belgium) and belonged to two industries (healthcare and marketing). This recruitment method was preferred over e.g. contacting parents through the child's school, as participation during lunch break on the worksite was considered more convenient for parents than joining a focus group after school time. Doing so, we aimed to minimize selection bias by also reaching those parents who would otherwise not volunteer for a discussion on children's health. All employees and employers of the workplace who had at least one primary schoolchild were invited to participate, whereby focus groups consisted of parents of different Social Economic Status (SES). SES was measured using the reported educational level of the parent. Low SES was determined as parents having no higher education (highest obtained degree of secondary school or lower education) and medium to high SES as parents having higher education (vocational college, university or post-academic).
The interview guide was pilot tested for relevance and comprehensability in May 2012 and minor textual modifications were made. All data were collected between June and October 2012 by the same two trained researchers. Thirteen workplaces were contacted, of which three agreed to participate (RR = 23%). Reasons to decline were 'lack of time' (n=4) and 'employing too few people in the study's target group (parents of a primary schoolchild)' (n=4). Two companies did not reply. The general manager gave permission to invite all employers and employees to participate via information letters. Since recruitment of a sufficient number of participants (six to ten) was difficult, all parents who volunteered, attended the focus groups. In one company, two focus groups (each with six participants) were organized; the remaining two focus groups were held with four and with five participants.
At the start of the focus group sessions, consent forms were filled in, participants' anonymity and confidentiality were ensured and permission to audiotape was obtained. The discussion occurred in a medium-sized room and lasted approximately one and a half hour. Lunch was provided at each session and participants received a small incentive of the value of 4$ for their participation. Ethical approval was provided by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Ghent.
In order to familiarize parents with the themes, participants completed a brief questionnaire before the onset of the discussion. This questionnaire introduced some challenging parenting situations related to healthy diet, PA and SB, which relied on anecdotal reports (Table 1). In particular, parents were asked 1) if they had already experienced such a situation; 2) if they considered it as a problem; and 3) how they would react if their child behaved that way. Subsequently, a semi-structured questioning route in which the examples of the questionnaire were used as a starting point to stimulate the discussion, was used to guide the group debate (Table 2). Hereby, parents adjusted the hypothetical situations to their own real-lived experiences. The quality of the questioning route was verified in discussion with prominent health researchers. Every theme (healthy diet, PA, and SB) was wound up with the question 'Are there any further situations you experience as difficult to let your child be enough physically active/to limit your child's sedentary behavior/to make your child eat healthily?'. After each focus group, the two researchers debriefed, discussed themes, issues and ideas presented in the session, and discoursed differences with earlier focus groups.
1. Before Thor leaves for the youth movement/sports club, he suddenly says that he does not want to go. For years, he has always enjoyed himself and has been enthusiastic about the activities, but today he protests upon departure.
2. Frank is about to cycle to school together with his daughter Marie. Marie complains that she is tired and wants to go to school by car.
1. On a Saturday afternoon at 2 p.m., Martine and Peter are doing the housekeeping (cleaning the table, washing the dishes, ironing, hanging out the laundry, …). Their child Stef asks to watch TV.
2. Luca has been playing for half an hour on his Nintendo. His mother thinks he has played long enough and tells her son to quit, but Luca does not want to stop playing.
1. Wout's family is having dinner together. Wout finished his potatoes and meat but leaves his vegetables untouched. He refuses to eat the vegetables because he does not like them.
2. At breakfast, Liza refuses to eat her sandwich because she does not feel hungry.
1. Who has already experienced such a situation with his/her primary schoolchild?
- How do you react in such a situation?
- Which core terms did you write down in the questionnaire?
2. Which reactions entail that your child does what you asked for (= positive effect)?
- Are you always consistent?
3. According to you, which reactions are ineffective and cause your child to disobey (= negative effect)?
4. How does your child react to your behavior or your reaction?
5. What would your child try to get his/her way?
All focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed to facilitate analysis. Data were coded and analyzed using Thematic Analysis  in the qualitative data analysis software Nvivo 10.0. In Thematic Analysis, a coding framework tends to be constructed on the basis of the theoretical interests guiding the research questions, on the basis of salient issues that arise in the text itself, or on the basis of both . Since SDT and SCT are two prominent theories in parenting literature, the focus groups were conducted taking them into account. Furthermore, whereas focus groups are often chosen as a strategy to discover new themes, the aim of the current group discussions was to identify whether parenting strategies, which are already recognized in literature, were perceived as effective or ineffective by parents. Whilst all data were read and considered, the main aim of the analysis was to identify factors that would need to be taken into account when developing a parenting program.
All four focus groups were independently coded by two trained researchers, which gave a full analysis of interrater reliability (ICC=0.87). Differences were discussed until full consensus was reached.
In total, four focus groups were conducted with 21 parents (age range: 34–50 year) of children aged 6 to 12 year. Parents were predominantly mothers (15/21 or 71%) and the number of children per family ranged from one to four, with a mean of two. The majority (15/21 or 71%) of participating parents had a medium-high SES.
Across all focus groups, almost every parent had experienced the challenging situations described in the questionnaire. Firstly, results regarding general parenting practices are reported. Secondly, more specific results concerning the three energy-related behaviors are reported separately. Key quotes for the various parenting practices were included in the corresponding results section; additional examples are shown in Table 3.
Parents stated that giving the child a reasonable explanation will make the child understand why he/she has to behave that way, which enhances the chance that the child obeys.
Several parents voiced that, when their child flies into a temper, they put him/her in isolation for a few minutes until his/her fury has cooled down. Parents also acknowledged the importance of the general applicability of this practice. A time-out does not have to be restricted to the home setting, but can be used in every situation.
Parents expressed worries about punishing your child with physical violence. Getting angry or even violent as a parent was experienced as an ineffective parenting strategy.
'Giving your child as much freedom as possible appropriate to his/her age', was a practice mentioned by parents to raise physically active kids. Parents reported examples as letting their child choose the sport he/she wants to practice and permitting their child to cycle to school via the route they agreed upon. Offering simple choices like choosing between walking, cycling or riding a kick-scooter, was another way to make children more enthusiastic about the activity. Participants also stated that as a child gets older, you have to give him/her more freedom and responsibility. As a parent you can assist your child in choosing by giving advice, but eventually, the child has to make the decision.
Parents also highlighted the importance of monitoring your child. They mentioned that you can give your child as much freedom as possible, but you also have to supervise that your child sticks to the agreed rules. When the child breaks the rules, you should be consistent and a sanction should be given.
Parents stated that making an activity more pleasant can stimulate children to persist. If children are nagging to do PA, parents use practices like accompanying their child in his/her activities and doing things together with their child. Playing outside together, walking together to school, watching the child for a moment in the sports club… were some other given examples to increase the intrinsic value of an activity.
Some parents mentioned they would oblige their child if he/she is reluctant to go to their sports club or youth movement. They raise arguments like: "my child has chosen this sport him/herself", "we have paid for these activities", or "they have to learn to persist". On the other hand, other parents stated that obliging their child to participate in a certain sport club or youth movement would make him/her unhappy.
There was a strong consensus that, when the child really refuses to go to the sports club or youth movement, there probably is a more profound problem. In that case, parents stressed the importance of talking to their child about what really is the matter. That way, they get to know the cause of the problem and can search for a solution together with their child.
When children struggle to go to the sports club or youth movement, parents try to convince them of the positive characteristics of the activity. Furthermore, parents reported that children often have to be stimulated for doing PA.
According to some parents, getting a reward at the end of a task/behavior, is a stimulus for a child to persist. Collecting a certain amount of stamps or saving stickers were two examples mentioned of helpful methods to give a child a reward after he/she succeeded.
About the use of rules in managing the amount of TV time, inconclusive results were found. Some parents stated they apply strict rules because otherwise their child would watch TV all day. But parents also mentioned that their child is exceptionally allowed to watch more TV on certain special occasions (e.g. if it rains or when they have a day off from school). In contrast, other parents said their child even would want to watch more TV if there were rules, as this would make him/her more focused on it. Therefore, those parents let their child decide him/herself when and for how long he/she watches TV as long as he/she does sufficient other activities. Two parents admitted they sometimes use TV as a means to be able to do the housekeeping. That way, children keep calm and parents can work undisturbed.
The use of a kitchen timer or alarm clock was suggested as a practice to monitor screen time. When the alarm goes off, the child knows he/she has to stop and a discussion is prevented. By letting the child put on the kitchen timer him/herself, the child gets involved and listens more easily.
Parents also reported that it is helpful to propose some alternatives when your child asks to watch TV. Parents gave examples such as going outside together, reading a book or comic or playing a party game. Also involving their children in their own activities such as letting them help with cooking, doing the dishes, folding the laundry, … was mentioned as a practice to limit their child's SB.
Similarly to the use of rules concerning the amount of TV watching, inconclusive results were found for the use of rules in limiting the consumption of soft drinks. Some parents stated they apply strict rules about how much and when their child is allowed to consume soft drinks. But those parents also revealed exceptions to these rules: e.g. when there is a visitor, on a birthday party, when they dine out… Other parents do not apply rules about consuming soft drinks because they are more concerned about their child not drinking sufficiently than about the type of drinks that is consumed. Regarding the consumption of sweets, some parents stated their child even would want to eat more sweets if there were rules about it as this would make him/her more focused on it.
Parents were aware that they are important role models for their child's eating behavior. Not consuming soft drinks near your child, having breakfast together, drinking water at dinner time, eating fruit… were some given examples of being a good role model.
To ensure that their child eats enough healthy food, some parents oblige hem/her to eat a certain amount of every served nutritional product. When the child refuses to eat it because he/she does not like the food or does not feel hungry, many parents oblige their child just to taste. Other parents stated they would never oblige their child to eat a certain amount of food, since their own consumption also depends on a varying appetite.
Parents also reported the importance of having healthy food at home. When fruit and vegetables are available in their home, parents have the impression that children consume more of them. Therefore, a good planning of doing the groceries is considered essential.
Across all focus groups, there were mixed opinions about taking the child's food preferences into account. Some parents do not serve dishes that their child dislikes, while others believe a child should learn to taste every single food product. Regarding breakfast, the majority of parents lets their child choose what he/she wants to eat because they find it important he/she has breakfast.
Many parents use dessert as a reward for their child finishing his/her plate. They report that this rewarding motivates children to eat healthy food because they absolutely want a dessert. Also for good behavior, desserts are given by some parents.
This study examined the use of parenting practices in raising healthy primary schoolchildren in specific situations around healthy diet, PA and SB. The findings provide new insights into which practices parents use and whether they perceive them as effective or ineffective. Furthermore, these perceived effective and ineffective parenting practices are situated within one or both theories (SDT or SCT). To start with, general findings across all three energy-related behaviors will be discussed. Secondly, specific findings concerning the three energy-related behaviors will be considered separately and finally, some limitations of the study will be recognized.
Across all focus groups, a strong consensus was found concerning the positive effect of explaining to a child why it is important to engage in healthy behavior. According to SDT, giving the child a reasonable explanation for behaving healthily, will make the child understand why he/she has to act that way. This autonomy-supportive practice enhances the chance that the child will obey.
In the group discussions using time-out appeared to be an effective and commonly used parenting practice. This practice, which is in accordance with the principles of SCT, was also studied by Kaminski et al. . Teaching parents to use time-out was an effective parent training component associated with larger effects on enhancing behavior in children aged 0–7 . According to our knowledge, time-out has not yet been studied as a parenting practice in the scope of SDT. But, bearing in mind the principles of SDT, time-out could yield benefits in particular circumstances for which mainly the way of using time-out is important. If negative emotions gain the upper hand and the child is impervious to reason, then time-out can be predicted as an effective parenting practice when explaining the reason for the use of time-out and restarting the interaction with the child afterwards.
Furthermore, parents reported the counterproductive practice 'anger' of which the ineffectiveness is in line with SDT because it frustrates the fundamental basic human need to feel related, competent, and autonomous [42, 47].
Reacting empathetically, motivating your child to be active and increasing the intrinsic value of an activity are all mentioned in the group discussions as effective parenting practices. Their perceived effectiveness is consistent with both the principles of SDT and SCT as these practices are autonomy supportive and encourage pro-social behavior. This effectiveness was also confirmed in several studies on parenting practices for healthy lifestyles. The review of Kaminski et al.  about parent training effectiveness demonstrated that increasing positive parent–child interactions and parental emotional communication skills are consistently associated with larger effects on enhancing behavior in children aged 0–7. Moreover, a growing body of research shows that children are more likely to be physically active when their parents encourage and support them to be active [20, 58] and participate together in sport or physical activities with them [59, 60].
Other parenting practices considered effective, were applying clear rules and agreements, being consistent and parental monitoring. Parents give their children as much freedom as possible (which is autonomy supporting), but simultaneously they impose the necessary limits by making clear agreements, monitoring the behavior of their child and being consistent when the child does not listen. These parenting practices provide structure to a child which fulfills both the principles of SCT and the fundamental need of feeling competent according to SDT [44, 61].
Less consensus existed on the effectiveness of obligations. Some parents stated that they give their child the freedom to choose him/herself to go to the sports club or youth movement, whereas others oblige their child to go. In the latter, parents tend to control their child's behavior (i.e., pressurize them to behave, think or feel in a certain way) rather than support their child's autonomy as in the first example. Results of a varied number of studies have affirmed that controlling contexts undermine children's intrinsic motivation , which is incompatible with the concepts of SDT to actively support the child's capacity to be self-initiating and autonomous .
Finally, being rewarded at the end of a task or behavior, was reported by parents as a stimulus for the child to persist. Also in the study of Borra et al.  parents mentioned that children need instant gratification. If children have to sustain, they need incentives along the way. This practice of rewarding fits with the principles of SCT, of which the fundamental tenet is that moment-to-moment exchanges are crucial: if a child receives an immediate reward for its behavior, then he/she is more likely to repeat this behavior . In the qualitative study of Sebire et al. , children believed that rewards for screen viewing reductions would lead to behavior change. However, some reported that removal of rewards was frustrating. This is in accordance with SDT which believes that rewards undermine children's natural interest in activities and the need for autonomy [65, 66]. Rewards induce children to engage in the activity not for their own enjoyment but to earn the rewards. As a result, children feel pressured, disinterested, or disaffected . Furthermore, for activities that children find inherently interesting, receiving expected rewards leads to a decrement in intrinsic motivation. When reward contingencies are absent, spontaneous engagement in the activity decreases .
This work nevertheless found that rewards are a popular and frequently used practice by parents. Therefore, the challenge is to teach parents how this practice can be used without controlling behavior with negative results. Introducing praise, helping parents to recognize feelings surrounding praise and the impact upon behavior, minimizing the predictability of rewards and not using promised rewards but only presenting them after the performance of the behavior, are examples used in the Teamplay intervention in which rewards are used in a positive way .
Since the prevention of overweight and obesity by limiting the amount of SB is a relatively new concept in literature and in public health messages, it was expected that most parents would not yet apply restrictions for SB. Indeed, in the current study some parents did not apply TV viewing rules because formal rules were not perceived as necessary ("my child is physically active enough") or would cause the opposite effect (greater desire to watch TV).
Nevertheless, some parents do apply clear rules about TV time to limit the SB of their children. Rules provide structure to a child which meets the principles of SCT and the need of feeling competent according to SDT . In other studies, setting rules to limit TV time in general or during meals, has been associated with less screen time, less TV viewing or computer use, and less SB in general . Finally, offering children alternative activities with as much choice as possible, can prevent them from watching TV or other screen-time in an autonomy-supporting (SDT) and problem solving way (SCT) [42, 43]. But, although some parents reported they involve their children in household chores as an alternative for screen-time, this seems to be challenging for other parents. Especially in times of stress, parents take the view that they can do household chores better and faster if they do them themselves without in involving their child . How parents can truly engage their children in realistic home-based alternatives to screen time will be an interesting challenge for future interventions.
Within the use of rules in eating practices, one has to distinguish rules about snacking and soft drinks from rules about the amount of food to be eaten. About the effectiveness of applying these types of rules, inconclusive results were found in the group discussions. Some parents apply strict rules about how much and when to consume soft drinks whilst others do not apply rules because they are more concerned about their child not drinking sufficiently than about the type of drinks that is consumed. The study of Haerens et al. , showed that a lack of family rules related to unhealthy food products was associated with higher fat intake in boys. In girls, lack of food rules was further related to lower levels of fruit intake. Additionally, in the study of Pearson et al. , family rules were positively associated with children's fruit and vegetable consumption. Finally, the use of clear rules to limit a child's consumption of unhealthy food products, provides structure to a child (SCT) and the need of feeling competent (SDT) .
Concerning rules about the amount of food that has to be eaten, some parents ensure that their child eats enough healthy food by obliging him/her to eat a certain amount of every served nutritional product. Other parents stated they never oblige their child to eat a certain amount of food, since their own consumption also depends on a varying appetite. According to literature, rules on the amount of food that has to be eaten, teach children to obey and respect rules rather than learning self-control in their eating habits . Studies proved that such coercive or controlling feeding practices in which the parent, rather than the child, makes decisions about how much the child should eat, are ineffective. When parents control their child's eating, it undermines the child's natural ability to respond to its own internal hunger and satiety cues, thus establishing maladaptive patterns of eating [44, 74]. Consequently, the concepts of SDT to actively support the child's capacity to be self-initiating and autonomous are not fulfilled .
On the other hand, when parents apply a 'tasting rule' which means that the child just tries the food but then has the choice whether or not to finish what is on his/her plate, this can also be seen as providing structure to a child (which fits to both SCT and SDT [44, 61]). Furthermore, just tasting will not take away a child's feeling of hunger and therefore does not undermine the child's natural ability to respond to its satiety feeling and does not subvert the human need to feel autonomous.
The importance of parental food intake and parental modeling on children's healthy food consumption was both supported in the group discussions and in other qualitative work [72, 75, 76]. According to SCT , individuals learn behaviors by observing others. This observational learning is most prevailing when the person being observed is powerful, respected, or considered to be alike the observer. Furthermore, parental modeling fulfills the fundamental need of feeling related according to SDT .
In the focus groups, many parents stated they use dessert as a reward for their child finishing his/her plate or for good behavior. In theory, SCT claims that moment-to-moment exchanges are crucial. Receiving an immediate reward for a behavior, enhances the chance that a child repeats the behavior . However, this concept cannot be applied to parenting practices for healthy eating because many results reported in literature show that rewarding with food is associated with more problematic eating behavior. Using food (usually sweets) as a reward is theorized to make that food more desirable and the food for which the child is rewarded when eating it less desirable . Also, the use of food for non-nutritive purposes, has been linked with a reduced ability to internally regulate one's own feelings of hunger and satiety . This matches perfectly with the principles of SDT which proposes that rewarding people undermines intrinsic motivation and creates conditions for a net decline in motivation when rewards are subsequently withdrawn.
All the above makes clear that parents do not raise their children in a way that fits only one theory. Parents use a mix of parenting practices, which can be traced back to SDT ánd SCT. The information arising from this study will be used to inform the content of a randomized controlled trial consisting of a parenting intervention aimed at promoting a healthy diet, PA, and less SB in primary schoolchildren. Such an intervention should not push forward or SDT or SCT as the best theory to teach parents appropriate parenting practices. Better is to select the most feasible effective practices for parents from SDT and SCT and combine both theories. Therefore, the results of this study are an important source of information to integrate parents' concerns, motivations and current habits, since they determine the success of a parenting program .
This study was subject to some limitations. Due to recruitment difficulties, focus groups were mostly conducted with less than the conventional group size of six to ten participants. Although the data demonstrated considerable convergence, other important information may be missed. Secondly, because of voluntary participation, only those parents who are most open to talk about the subject may have been recruited. Thirdly, our focus group research used self-reporting practices, which may have led to inconsistency with actual experiences or social desirability bias. Furthermore, responses to hypothetical situations may not fully represent the reality of parent–child communications. A last limitation is that SES was not used as a stratification/recruitment factor. By recruiting participants via their workplace, unemployed parents were not involved in the group discussions. That way, over-representation of parents with medium-high SES is possible. Furthermore, in this study differences between low and medium-high SES parents were not investigated, which is an important issue that can be included in future research. Taken the above mentioned limitations into account, as with most qualitative research, prudence is in order in generalizing our findings to all parents of primary schoolchildren.
Parents identified numerous perceived effective and ineffective practices to react to their child's unhealthy behavior. Many of them were consistent with the effectiveness of practices according to literature, whilst others were not. Furthermore, the reported parenting practices fit with either SCT or SDT or both. Therefore, most feasible practices for parents from SDT ánd SCT should be combined instead of pushing or SDT or SCT forward as the best theory in raising healthy children. That way, new parenting programs can increase children's healthy diet and PA, and reduce their SB to prevent childhood obesity.
The authors wish to thank the participating companies and their employees (Significant-GfK, White-Yellow Cross and the Christian Health Maintenance Organization-CM). This project is funded by the policy area 'Welfare, Public Health and Family'. The content of this article reflects only the authors' views and the Flemish government is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Sara De Lepeleere is a recipient of a PhD-scholarship from the Flemish Agency for Care and Health (B/12732/01). Ann DeSmet, Maïté Verloigne, Greet Cardon and Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij have no financial disclosures. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
SDL, AD, MV, GC and IDB developed the standardized protocol and the semi-structured questionnaire. SDL and AD conducted the focus group research in the different companies which included guiding the interviews, transcribing the audiotapes and conducting qualitative content analysis on the transcripts. SDL drafted the manuscript. All authors revised the article critically for important intellectual content and approved the final manuscript.


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Flexible Training in Surgery
There are eligibility requirements for trainees wishing to enter less than full-time training, and it is advisable to start the process of applying for, and arranging less than full-time training as early as is possible. Also bear in mind that it will take you longer to complete your training if you are not working full-time.
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The College has issued a position statement outlining recommended general principles, training programme content and organisation.The requirements for less than full time training are available in the NHS Employers publication Principles underpinning the new arrangements for flexible training.
The College's flexible working adviser, Felicity Meyer, is available as a source of advice and information to those contemplating less than full time training in surgery and to those involved in setting up less than full time training programmes, encouraging training programme directors to recognise the benefits of less than full time training and to publicise the option of training flexibly. You can contact Felicity via email at careers@rcseng.ac.uk.
Less Than Full Time (LTFT) Training in Surgery: JCST Policy Statement
Less Than Full Time (LTFT) training has been available for some time, however the experiences of LTFT can vary widely. A number of issues have been identified which contribute to low levels of satisfaction among trainees. The survey was carried out by the Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) and British Orthopaedic Trainees Association (BOTA). These include; variable attitudes among trainers, fellow trainees and employers, as well as worrying reports about bullying and harassment. Difficulty accessing elective and emergency training opportunities also contribute to low levels of satisfaction.
The JCST Policy Statement includes a vast number of recommendations to improve LTFT trainee satisfaction. The full policy statement is available here.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dear friends, here we would like to share with you our knowledge and experience about the rakia on the Balkans without getting into too much technical details.
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Of course there may be a lot more to add to it and sure, there are also other points of view.
Our goal is to present you with a short and fully impartial point of view from our perspective.
In case you have your own point of view, which you would like to share with us, then please just drop us an email or give us a call. We would be more than glad to include all impartial and politely shared points of view and experiences with rakia on our website.


About the Drawing: This is basically my first drawing since high school. It was the beginning of quite some other drawings to come. I saw a youtube video of someone drawing an eye after which I bought myself some graphite pencils and spent a couple of hours drawing what you see below. I was quite happy with the result. The pupil was made deep black with ink. The rest was done with graphite pencils (HB - 8B). The triangle shaped white surface works well to create the illusion of a shiny eyeball reflecting light.


Nothing is received, but I can see some signals coming from the transciever with an oscilloscope.
The frame I try to send cannot be seen on the bus, but I can see that something is transmitted to the transceiver (with an oscilloscope).
I have tried this with a LoPy and a WiPy3 and two different MCP2551.
What can be wrong? I can read data from the bus with a CAN-interface to my computer in the same connector without problem.
I am no hardware expert, anything wrong with my connections?
Managed to send as well, awesome!
I received the SN65HVD230 tranciever today (a board called CJMCU-230). I can read from the bus now (will try to send later). Must have been something wrong with my connections. Thanks!
I´ve tried both 10kbps and 250kbps bus speed (on an isolated bus). I know for sure that the bus speed is 250k, I can read frames with a USB CAN interface. Have tried all modes. What I have found it should be ok to connect pin 8 (RS) to GND without resistor (http://www.microchip.com/forums/m637386.aspx).
Anyway, I gave up and ordered a couple of SN65HVD230, hopefully that will solve my problem.
According to http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/MCP2551-CAN-transceiver-circuit.php it should be 10k resistor between pin 8 and GND. Anyway, it's hard to trace connections from your photo to confirm that everything is OK. Also have in mind that recommended transceiver is the SN65HVD230, but MCP2551 also should work.
Did you try with different speed 125000 or 500000? Devices on CAN bus have to talk at the same speed, sometimes for example in Mazda there are two speeds 125k and 500k on the CAN bus.
Did you try with mode=CAN.SILENT (for sniffing the bus) and frame_format=CAN.FORMAT_BOTH (to catch 11bit (standard) and 29bit (extended) frames)?


A prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor, Z-Pro-Prolinal, inhibits glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase translocation and production of reactive oxygen species in CV1-P cells exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine.
Characterization and evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles for dopamine brain delivery.
Mechanism of Action of Prolyl Oligopeptidase (PREP) in Degenerative Brain Diseases: Has Peptidase Activity Only a Modulatory Role on the Interactions of PREP with Proteins?
Prolylcarboxypeptidase promotes angiogenesis and vascular repair.
The loops facing the active site of prolyl oligopeptidase are crucial components in substrate gating and specificity.


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The program will allow you to write in Tamil in nearly every application including Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Windows Live Messenger, among many others just by pressing the F10 key. It helps you transliterate text in any text field without a lot of effort, supporting different keyboard mappings and encoding modes. You can even enter the text directly in Tamil characters, with the help of a keyboard layout that you can see on the screen by pressing F7. Although, I am native Tamil speaker, I have no idea on how to type in Tamil. In 2006 Azhagi was the recipient of the of India's Digital Empowerment Foundation and the , in the category Localization.
One of the disadvantages I found is that the main interface is somewhat crowded, although some people would consider it an advantage to have most of the program's options directly on a screen. You simply enter a phrase and the program shows this phrase in different fonts. The editor lets you easily select. Azhagi is a program that can transliterate English text into Tamil and vice versa. A fresh take on a common object found in every home and office. More by: 1 Azhagi is a program that can transliterate English text into Tamil and vice versa.
You can choose any of the three available layouts: phonetic, Tamil typewriter or Taminet99. Later in 2000, Azhagi was released and he named the software Azhagi, to symbolise his wife's 'beautiful' heart. The enclosed FontPal is used to calculate barcode checkdigit and build mapping string. Got a collection, but no order in it? Vishwanathan was awarded the in 2006, for the development of dual screen transliteration tool Azhagi. You can choose any of the three available layouts: phonetic, Tamil typewriter or Taminet99. These hotkeys can be customized according to your needs, but the default ones should work just fine.
Start by giving font files the names corresponding to the full font names. Tamil typing software; Azhagi tamil font keyboard. It offers single keypress typing in all languages of the world from your existing keypad and phone. The clear font previews make selecting the right font an easy task. By pressing F10 again you will be using the English keyboard again. The clear font previews make selecting the right font an easy task.
Our built-in antivirus checked this download and rated it as 100% safe. Start by giving font files the names corresponding to the full font names. You simply enter a phrase and the program shows this phrase in different fonts. You can visit publisher website by clicking Homepage link. Armenian Font Installer Pro is a unique. It is easy and fun to use.
Matching font metrics, full char set, euro symbol, kerning pairs. It lets you very fast fonts preview or temporary install fonts available in all applications that you have in your. Though this app is created based on Indic Keyboard, it supports both the transliteration and transcription. Azhagi+ has possessed the of all Tamil transliteration schemes, ever since its inception in 2000. Archived from on 27 December 2008. This name speaks for itself, it is simple and clear. Transliterate or type in Tamil, Hindi, Arabic, Urdu, Sanskrit, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Gujarati, Bengali, Punjabi, Oriya, Assamese, Sourashtra, Sinhalese, Burmese, Devanagari, Grantha, etc.
So, anybody can read the group's contents even without joining it. The keyboard layout will show where you can find the right key that corresponds with the Tamil sign you are looking for. The program will allow you to write in Tamil in nearly every application including Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Windows Live Messenger, among many others just by pressing the F10 key. The process is quite simple and you will be able to type in Tamil in no time at all. Print the list of fonts. Multiple font encodings and keyboard layouts are supported for Tamil.
If you find this tutorial useful, please spread the word about it by sharing this tutorial on your social networking websites. The program includes a Unicode converter that will ease the process of sharing any text written in Tamil with other people. The single screen option can be chosen by users who have become familiar with the key mappings to be able to see larger portion of text than that seen in dual screen mode. However, to post your queries, you have to join the group. During 1999, the tools in Tamil had a lot of rough edges.
It makes it possible for you to type in text without having to know how to write in any of the aforementioned Hindi languages. The download file hosted at publisher website. Azhagi+ provides a fast transliteration solution for Indian languages, ensuring compatibility with Tamil, Hindi, Sanskrit, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, and more. You can easily extend Azhagi+ to type in any language+font+keyboard combination by availing a feature. It can perform various transliterations either within its own interface, or in any version of Microsoft Word. The license of this utilities software is freeware, the price is free, you can free download and get a fully functional freeware version of Azhagi. You can quickly extend Azhagi+ to transliterate in any Tamil font by using a feature.
Azhagi can also transliterate from Tamil into English reverse transliteration. It can perform various transliterations either within its own interface, or in any version. You can also organize your fonts into custom collections and print font overviews. Work with texts in the Indian languages by launching the transliteration utility accessing your documents and switching English key mappings to Tamil ones and vice versa, checking and providing correction options for already written texts or assisting with typing. A reliable and straightforward transliteration application for Indian languages Azhagi+ is intuitive and easy to work with, requires no installation and can be used for writing text in multiple Hindi languages. Since 2000, Azhagi has provided support to Tamil transliteration; later this was expanded to nearly 13 Indian Languages.


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Become a 2019–20 subscriber when you purchase 3 or more eligible concerts and enjoy exclusive benefits, including unlimited no-fee ticket exchanges.
Beethoven's Fifth Symphony and Mozart
1 hour & 30 minutes with intermission
Date & Times
Thursday, 7:30 PM
Friday, 2:00 PM
Saturday, 8:00 PM
175th Birthday Concert
Celebrate the Philharmonic's 175th birthday with Alan Gilbert conducting Beethoven's immortal Fifth Symphony. Rising from the unmistakable four-note opening, it transports us from tragedy to triumph, from darkness into the light. Featuring a virtuoso quartet of Philharmonic wind principals, Mozart's Sinfonia concertante is guaranteed to delight with its entrancing melodies, elegance, and vibrancy.
Oberon Overture
Read More Download Program Notes
CARL MARIA VON WEBER (1786-1826)
Overture to Oberon (1825-1826)
When Carl Maria von Weber's opera Der Freischütz was produced in Berlin in 1821, it made him the most popular composer of the day, and credited him with creating German Romantic opera, unshackling it from powerful Italian influences. Having subsequently fallen seriously ill with tuberculosis, but thinking only of his family's financial straits, Weber accepted a commission from London's Covent Garden to write Oberon, an opera based on James Planché universally criticized libretto. The opera was a miserable failure, due in part to a muddled plot and Weber's never having worked with an English text. Against cautions and warnings about his declining health, he traveled to London to carry out the assignment, even taking English lessons to promote its fortunes. Less than a month after the successful premiere, he died in his sleep, a day before he was to return to his homeland. Though the opera is rarely performed today, its delightful overture remains a popular opener for symphony concerts, where horn calls and the sounds of shimmering flutes and fluttering strings transport us to the fairy world of the elf-king Oberon. No less an important critic than Sir Donald Francis Tovey said that while the opera may be "the merest twaddle," the overture is "a gorgeous masterpiece of operatic orchestration."
Sinfonia concertante for Winds
Download Program Notes
Alan Gilbert
Alan Gilbert, former Music Director of the New York Philharmonic, launches his tenure as chief conductor of Hamburg's NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra in September 2019. The Grammy Award–winning conductor previously served as principal guest conductor of the orchestra (then known as NDR Symphony Orchestra Hamburg) for more than a decade, and began serving as chief conductor designate in 2017, shortly after the opening of the orchestra's already iconic new home. This position follows his truly transformative eight-year tenure as Music Director of the New York Philharmonic, during which, through such key initiatives as the NY PHIL BIENNIAL, he succeeded in making the Orchestra a leader on the cultural landscape. Alan Gilbert is also conductor laureate of the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic and the founder and president of Musicians for Unity. With the endorsement and guidance of the United Nations, this new organization will bring together musicians from around the world to perform in support of peace, development, and human rights.
Alan Gilbert makes regular guest appearances with orchestras including the Berlin Philharmonic, Amsterdam's Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, The Cleveland Orchestra, Boston Symphony Orchestra, The Philadelphia Orchestra, Dresden Staatskapelle, and Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France. He has led operatic productions for Milan's Teatro alla Scala, The Metropolitan Opera, Los Angeles Opera, Zurich Opera, Royal Swedish Opera, and Santa Fe Opera, where he was the inaugural music director.
His discography includes The Nielsen Project, a box set recorded with the New York Philharmonic, and John Adams's Doctor Atomic, captured on DVD at The Metropolitan Opera, for which he won a Grammy Award. He received Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Music Direction in PBS's Live From Lincoln Center broadcasts of two star-studded New York Philharmonic productions: of Sweeney Todd and Sinatra: Voice for a Century.
Alan Gilbert has received Honorary Doctor of Music degrees from the Curtis Institute of Music and Westminster Choir College, as well as Columbia University's Ditson Conductor's Award. He is a member of The American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and was named an Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French government. At The Juilliard School, he is the first holder of the William Schuman Chair in Musical Studies and serves as Director of Conducting and Orchestral Studies. After giving the annual Royal Philharmonic Society Lecture on Orchestras in the 21st Century: A New Paradigm during the New York Philharmonic's EUROPE / SPRING 2015 tour, he received a 2015 Foreign Policy Association Medal for his commitment to cultural diplomacy.
Learn more about Alan Gilbert
Anthony McGill
Anthony McGill joined the New York Philharmonic as Principal Clarinet, The Edna and W. Van Alan Clark Chair, in September 2014, becoming the Philharmonic's first African American Principal player. Hailed for his "trademark brilliance, penetrating sound and rich character" (The New York Times) and "exquisite combination of technical refinement and expressive radiance" (The Baltimore Sun), he is recognized as one of the classical music world's finest solo, chamber, and orchestral musicians. Mr. McGill also serves as an ardent advocate for helping music education reach underserved communities and for addressing issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion in classical music. He took part in the inauguration of President Barack Obama, premiering a piece written for the occasion by John Williams alongside violinist Itzhak Perlman, cellist Yo-Yo Ma, and pianist Gabriela Montero.
Anthony McGill's 2019–20 season includes a premiere by Tyshawn Sorey at 92nd Street Y and a collaboration with mezzo-soprano Joyce DiDonato at Carnegie Hall. He will also perform the Copland Clarinet Concerto at the Kennedy Center's SHIFT Festival of American Orchestras with the Jacksonville Symphony as well as concertos by Copland, Mozart, and Danielpour with the Richmond, Delaware, Alabama, Reno, and San Antonio symphony orchestras. Additional collaborations include programs with Gloria Chien, Demarre McGill, Michael McHale, Anna Polonsky, Arnaud Sussman, and the Pacifica Quartet.
Anthony McGill appears regularly as a soloist with top orchestras around North America, including the New York Philharmonic, The Metropolitan Opera Orchestra, Baltimore Symphony, San Diego Symphony, and Kansas City Symphony. As a chamber musician, he is a favorite collaborator of the Brentano, Daedalus, Guarneri, JACK, Miró, Pacifica, Shanghai, Takacs, and Tokyo Quartets, as well as Emanuel Ax, Inon Barnatan, Gloria Chien, Yefim Bronfman, Gil Shaham, Midori, Mitsuko Uchida, and Lang Lang. He has led tours with Musicians from Marlboro and regularly performs for The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center and the Philadelphia Chamber Music Society. Festival appearances include Tanglewood, Marlboro, Mainly Mozart, and Music@Menlo as well as the Santa Fe, Seattle, and Skaneateles Chamber Music Festivals.
In January 2015, McGill recorded Nielsen's Clarinet Concerto with the New York Philharmonic, led by then Music Director Alan Gilbert, released on Dacapo Records. He also recorded two albums released by Cedille Records: one with his brother, Seattle Symphony principal flute Demarre McGill, and pianist Michael McHale, and the other featuring the Mozart and Brahms Clarinet Quintets with the Pacifica Quartet.
A dedicated champion of new music, Anthony McGill premiered Richard Danielpour's From the Mountaintop in 2014, written for him and commissioned by the New Jersey Symphony, Kansas City Symphony, and Orchestra 2001. He served as the 2015–16 Artist-in-Residence for WQXR and has appeared on Performance Today, MPR's Saint Paul Sunday, and Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. In 2013 he appeared on NBC Nightly News and MSNBC in stories about the McGill brothers.
A graduate of the Curtis Institute of Music, Anthony McGill previously served as principal clarinet of The Metropolitan Opera Orchestra and associate principal clarinet of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. In-demand as a teacher, he serves on the faculty of The Juilliard School, the Curtis Institute of Music, and the Bard College Conservatory of Music. He also serves as artistic director of the Music Advancement Program at Juilliard, on the Board of Directors for both the League of American Orchestras and the Harmony Program, and on the advisory council for the InterSchool Orchestras of New York.
Learn more about Anthony McGill
Judith LeClair
Judith LeClair joined the New York Philharmonic as Principal Bassoon in 1981, at the age of 23. Since then, she has made more than 50 solo appearances with the Orchestra, performing with conductors such as Sir Colin Davis, Sir Andrew Davis, Alan Gilbert, Christopher Hogwood, Rafael Kubelik, Erich Leinsdorf, Lorin Maazel, Kurt Masur, Zubin Mehta, André Previn, John Williams, and Andrey Boreyko.
Ms. LeClair is a graduate of the Eastman School of Music, where she studied with K. David Van Hoesen. She made her professional debut with The Philadelphia Orchestra at age 15, playing Mozart's Sinfonia concertante with colleagues from the Settlement Music School in Philadelphia, where she studied with Shirley Curtiss. Before joining the New York Philharmonic, she was Principal Bassoonist for two seasons with the San Diego Symphony and San Diego Opera.
Active as a chamber musician, she has performed with numerous leading artists and has participated in leading festivals around the country. She has given solo recitals and master classes at the Eastman School of Music, Northwestern University, New England Conservatory, Oberlin College, University of Michigan, Ohio University, and the University of Colorado at Boulder. Every August she gives a solo recital and week-long master class at the Hidden Valley Music Seminar in Carmel Valley, California. She performed with the Philharmonic Woodwind Quintet of New York, formed in 2001 with her colleagues from the New York Philharmonic wind section. They gave recitals throughout the country and on the Orchestra's foreign tours.
In April 1995 Ms. LeClair premiered The Five Sacred Trees, a concerto written for her by John Williams and commissioned by the New York Philharmonic as part of its 150th Anniversary celebration. She later performed the concerto with the San Francisco Symphony and with the Royal Academy Orchestra in London. She recorded it for Sony Classical with the London Symphony Orchestra in June 1996, with Mr. Williams conducting. This, along with her solo New York Legends CD for Cala Records, was released in March 1997. Her newest CD, Works for Bassoon, was released in the spring of 2010.
Ms. LeClair is on the faculty of The Juilliard School, and she will join the faculty of the Manhattan School of Music in fall 2014. She lives in New Jersey with her husband, pianist Jonathan Feldman, and their son, Gabriel.
Learn more about Judith LeClair
Richard Deane
Richard Deane joined the New York Philharmonic as Associate Principal Horn in September 2014; he currently serves as Acting Principal Horn. Previously, he served as third horn of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra since 1987, participating in more than 80 recordings, including 20 Grammy Award winners, for Telarc International. He also performed with the Atlanta Chamber Players and was a member of the Atlanta Symphony Brass Quintet, with which he toured Norway as part of the Olympic cultural exchange between Lillehammer and Atlanta. Mr. Deane has also served as principal horn with the Colorado Philharmonic and the Concerto Soloists of Philadelphia, and in 1987 he earned first prize in the American Horn Competition.
In May 1999 Mr. Deane was a featured artist at the International Horn Society Convention held at the University of Georgia in Athens. In addition to teaching master classes at The Juilliard School, Manhattan School of Music, University of Cincinnati College–Conservatory of Music, Georgia State University, Cleveland State University, and Eastern Kentucky University, he was visiting professor of horn at the University of Georgia from 2006 to 2014. He serves as principal horn of the Brevard Music Festival in North Carolina each summer. His article "The Third Horn Brahms Experience" was published in the spring 2007 edition of The Horn Call, the journal of the International Horn Society, and his first method book, The Efficient Approach: Accelerated Development for the Horn, was published by the Atlanta Brass Society Press.
A native of Richmond, Kentucky, Richard Deane began his horn studies with Stanley Lawson. He received a master of music degree from The Juilliard School, where he studied with Myron Bloom, and a bachelor of music degree, summa cum laude, from the University of Cincinnati College–Conservatory of Music, where he studied with Michael Hatfield. His other teachers have included Jerry Peel at the University of Miami and David Wakefield at the Aspen Music Festival and School.
Learn more about Richard Deane
Holiday Brass
Pictures at an Exhibition and Bronfman
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Here's Madonna's inspiring new Pride-themed track
Article by Roberto Igual | May 3, 2019 | In Entertainment, HEADLINES, Mambagirl News
Hot on the heels of her Billboard Music Awards performance, Madonna has released I Rise, an uplifting new song in honour of the LGBTQ Pride movement.
The track begins with an emotional audio sample of high school shooting survivor Emma González speaking. It then becomes a haunting but inspiring ode to thriving under oppression and tragedy.
"There's nothing you can do to me that hasn't been done," Madonna sings. "Not bulletproof, shouldn't have to run from a gun/River of tears ran dry, let 'em run/No game that you can play with me, I ain't one."
She continues: "Freedom's what you chose to do with what's been done to you."
In a statement, the iconic performer said: "I wrote I Rise as a way of giving a voice to all marginalized people who feel they don't have the opportunity to speak their mind. This year is the 50th anniversary of Pride and I hope this song encourages all individuals to be who they are, to speak their minds and to love themselves."
New York City is hosting WorldPride in June this year to mark the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall Riots, and Madonna – who has been a longtime LGBTQ ally and activist – has been named a "Stonewall Ambassador".
On New Year's Eve last year, the star honoured those who paved the way for the LGBTQ community.
"Let us never forget the Stonewall Riots and those who bravely stood up and said 'Enough!' Enough brutality. Enough violence inflicted on this community. Enough stigmatism. Enough oppression. Enough pain and suffering," she said.
"A half a century later, Stonewall has become a defining moment and a critical turning point in history — catapulting LGBTQ rights into public conversation and consciousness."
I Rise is included on Madonna's 14th album, titled Madame X, which will be released in June.
Article by Roberto Igual
Roberto is a writer, content creator and would-be novelist who's passionate about equality, justice and freedom.


text:
JuliusKielaitis, Shutterstock
Science-themed YouTuber from Utah takes plea deal in explosives case
By Julian Hattem, Associated Press | Posted - May 18th, 2018 @ 12:44pm
YouTube: What Happened to Grant? EXPLAINED!
The King of Random
SALT LAKE CITY (AP) — A Utah man who runs a science-themed YouTube channel with more than 9 million subscribers has agreed to make at least two videos about safety or legal risk as part of a plea deal with prosecutors.
Jonathan Grant Thompson, 37, agreed to a deal Monday that will clear his record of explosives charges if he makes the videos and remains on good behavior for 18 months.
On YouTube, Thompson calls himself "the King of Random." His videos of experiments and how-to science tips range from filling a balloon with liquid nitrogen to making a laser-assisted blowgun. They have been viewed more than 1.6 billion times.
In January, he was charged with two counts of felony possession of an explosive device after his South Jordan neighbors complained about loud noises. Those charges were downgraded to a misdemeanor as part of the plea deal filed Monday.
"We always believed that the initial felony charges were a mistake," Thompson's lawyer, Steve Burton, said Friday. "We felt like this agreement supported that belief."
Burton said Thompson has always tried to stay within the bounds of the law while conducting his experiments. Thompson has been making videos on YouTube since 2010.
As part of his plea deal, Thompson agreed not to make any videos at his home that would create "exceptionally loud noises" which may upset neighbors. The agreement demands that at least one of the new videos must mention being considerate to neighbors.
Burton said Thompson is glad to make the videos so that viewers don't fall into the same legal trouble that he did.
Thompson must also obey the law and obtain permission before any experiments that could cause a fire or explosion, according to the terms of the agreement.
Copyright © The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Have You Seen This? Utah man explodes ice with molten aluminum
2 men face felonies for 'science experiment' explosions
Julian Hattem


The Canon MultiPass C80 is a multifunction colour printer which utilises inkjet technology and has the ability to copy, scan and fax as well as print. Meeting a number of energy standards, this is a good option for those wanting to reduce their environmental impact and keep operational costs down. With a compact design, it will fit easily into a small home or office, which will enjoy the numerous features of the different functions. Unfortunately, as a printer it is slow, particularly for colour documents which will mean long print runs take a long time to complete and any finishing options you require will have to be carried out manually.
The Canon MultiPass has a white casing and is managed by a control panel on the front of the machine which includes a number of buttons and a 16-character display screen. Printing resolution is 720 x 360 dpi. Printing speeds are 5 ppm for monochrome printing and 2 ppm for colour documents. Paper is stored in an input tray which has the capacity of 100 sheets. There is also an automatic document feeder which can hold 20 sheets. Connection is achieved via a parallel interface. The size of the printer is 36.5 x 34 x 21 cm.
Achieving the CISPR 22 Class B, EPA Energy Star, FIMKO, GS energy standards, ensures the Canon MultiPass C80 reduces its environmental impact and saves money on power usage. The size of the printer is compact, allowing even a small space to have access to the four functions of the printer. The fax function has a number of features including one touch dialling, speed dialling and an activity report.
There are no finishing options on the Canon MultiPass C80. Printing speeds on this Canon printer are slow, particularly for colour documents, making photographic printing a lengthy task.


Contribute Cloud has the ability to offer the teacher the capabilities of delivering a self paced lesson to the students, as well as being able to sync them and also deliver a lecture that the students must work at the pace of the teacher.
Firstly, by default, the students are offered a self-paced option. If the teacher wishes to remove this option, they click on the "X" icon at the bottom of the screen. This removes the forward, backwards, sync and save button from the student machines.
To allow the students control again, press the "tick" icon.
If a student navigates forwards or backwards, their sync button turns red so that they know they are not at the same place as the teacher. If they press this button, their screen is returned to the same place as the teacher.
If the teacher wishes, they can override the students and force a sync by pressing the sync button at the bottom of the screen. Please note, this will not give the students any option to save their work and overrides whatever they have done.


This package is a 5-Minute Customized Message for the Boys & Girls Club of America (customized for your location). Once you submit your initial order, we will call you to determine the exact location name. The price reflects unlimited usage for one location. Each additional location that uses the same message is $99/location for unlimited use.


These products are guaranteed to work with your Kyocera FS 1035MFP printer.
Kyocera FS 1035MFP is a multitasking functionality in compact size. Prints and copies up to 35 pages per minute, it is a good speed in A4 and first copy will take 6.9 seconds. It can deliver a standard double sided print, scan and copy functionality. The functionalities like SSL, private print and IPsec ensure a high security in printing, copying and scanning. It bear a lowest consumption of power by an automatic power off facility, moreover it provides low cost of printing and saves paper and money.


Sameer loses his cool on Kiku, when he finds Kiku fooling Vanshika. Vanshika asks Sameer not to get between them. She doesn't want Sameer to ruin her life. She says if you didn't get your love, you can't do this with me. She asks Sameer to stay out of her personal matters. Sameer joins his new job. He learns that Anjor has got the job for him by recommending to her dad. Sameer keeps his self esteem and rejects the job. He doesn't want any pity from Jatin. He clears out to Jatin that he will not work for him, he isn't his slave. He can't forget Anjor for insulting his parents.


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entertainment / Columns
Only In Hollywood
Masturbation talk aside, Robert Pattinson is terrific in 'The Lighthouse' (part 2)
By: Ruben V. Nepales - Columnist
Philippine Daily Inquirer / 12:30 AM October 25, 2019
Pattinson —Ruben V. Nepales
LOS ANGELES—"Nothing really stresses me out anymore," Robert Pattinson claimed in our recent chat. Indeed, in this two-part interview, the actor was at his most candid, playful mood.
Robert laughed often in between telling us about his films, including Robert Eggers' "The Lighthouse," in which he gives the finest performance so far in his career, David Michod's "The King" and Chris Nolan's eagerly awaited "Tenet" and "The Batman."
Referring to his lighthouse keeper character's slow descent into madness, Robert said he could relate: "I've definitely gone pretty mad from isolation before. It happens quite gradually and so you don't really know (laughs). You stop caring about your [appearance]… There were definitely some times when I didn't change my clothes for months at a time (laughs). My isolation also combines with OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder) behavior, as well.
"The smaller you make your world—now that I only live in my bedroom—I need to put a sheet over my TV set, so the demons don't come out (laughs)."
There is a scene where Ephraim, let's just say, got angry with a seagull.
"Definitely when I was younger—I think every guy, when you're in your 20s—you don't know how to deal with frustration," Robert opened up about relating to fits of anger. "Now, I can't remember the last time I got angry in my real life like that, anyway. I haven't gotten angry enough to grab a rubber chicken and smash it (laughs).
"But I love doing it [projecting anger] in movies, though. It's like fighting. You get a lot out of it afterward and leave the set thinking like you have so much adrenaline and feel ready to do something else. A lot of stuff was like that in this movie, very physical and adrenalized and you felt like you were actually doing the job."
He pointed out, "After those scenes, you feel completely calm."
In real life, how does he chill? "Little things that used to frustrate me become more satisfying to figure out ways to solve. If something is frustrating you, if you immediately think why and try to define it, then you can build from it afterwards. Nothing really stresses me out anymore."
In David Michod's "The King," Robert steals the scene as The Dauphin of France—long blonde locks, intentionally Princess-y costumes and deliciously over-the-top French accent as he taunts, in English, Timothée Chalamet's King Henry V of England/Prince Hal.
"It's funny, everyone keeps talking about my accent, but that to me sounds like a French person," Robert quipped. "I mean, I'm not doing it as a joke at all."
Costar Joel Edgerton, who plays Sir John Falstaff, reportedly laughed so hard when he heard Robert say his French-accented English lines for the first time.
"There were a couple of lines that I thought were funny," Robert said. "I always find it weird in movies like that, where you are playing someone speaking English with an accent, and I was thinking, why would he be speaking English? It doesn't make any sense.
"And when I did the costume fitting, I had seen all the other costumes.
"I just saw these mega gowns that I was wearing and I was like, oh, this is amazing. It makes me move differently. Then, when David Michod let me braid my hair to go into battle (laughs), I put it in braids. As soon as anyone lets you go far with something, as Hunter S. Thompson (author and journalist) said, 'The tendency is to push it as far as you can.'"
Filming "The King" in summer in Hungary let him do something from his childhood. "I did a lot of horse riding around the countryside, which I hadn't done since I was a kid. It was fun. I learned how to gallop for the first time. It's one of the coolest moments I've ever had.
"It's not in the movie, but there was a shot for which I learned to gallop to do the charge, to do the action core and lift the French flag and have seven knights arrange in formation behind me when I am galloping down a hill. My God, there's no greater reason to be an actor than to do that once in your life."
Robert Pattinson is in top form in "The Lighthouse" —A24
Before he dons the batsuit for Chris Nolan's "The Batman," Robert has to wrap "Tenet," the action epic involving espionage, time travel and evolution, also directed by Nolan.
"I'm still shooting it now," he revealed about the film that's shrouded in secrecy. "There are so many parts of the movie where I thought, I cannot believe this is happening. It's just so huge, so weirdly audacious, but in the same way, 'The Lighthouse' is stylistically, aesthetically and tonally pretty out there. Chris does the same sort of things, but on these huge canvases. I can't imagine what it'll look like. But it's going to be pretty amazing."
In the meantime, getting buff to play Batman is on hold. "Yeah, the working out is definitely a big part of it," he said. But he stressed, "Because I am still shooting Chris' 'Tenet,' I have to wait until I've finished it. So, I'm finishing in a few weeks, then I am going to torture myself for a few months (laughs).
"I can't even bear to look at the plan yet, but I am going to be doing night shoots for two months (for 'Tenet') and going straight into it (physical training for 'The Batman'). I immediately called my trainer and said, 'You know what I said about steroids? I take that back (laughs)!'"
As for Robert making Batman his own, as advised by the former Batman himself, Christian Bale, he reacted with these words: "Christian's interpretation of Batman was incredible. I can't believe I'm doing Chris' movie now, as well. I love the way Christian did it.
"And for a part in which your face is basically covered, there is something quite simple about the character in lots of ways. But to see the scope of how many different people have interpreted it, it could be put into so many different genres—it can be played for laughs, for anything. I thought Christian's idea was absolutely brilliant. I've got a little idea of it (his take of Batman), but we'll see how it works."
The busy acting schedule of Robert, who sings, plays the guitar and piano, and composes, has left little time for his musical inclinations. "I used to love singing," he declared. "It's weird. I feel like the less I did music, I definitely felt more proficient in acting. But I still do it, whenever I listen to a song I love on the radio."
These days, Robert finds himself listening more to classical music. "I've been listening to this classical radio. It plays classical music in high quality. I just decided to listen to symphonies and listen to it the entire way through, because I had never done that. It's really nice to listen to it like you are watching a movie."
And Robert still likes to dance. "I still like it. When I was a child, getting caught dancing and singing to Billy Ocean's greatest hits by my sister is still probably the defining moment in my life (laughs)."
Looking at his immediate future, Robert said that deciding to do big Chris Nolan movies didn't mean he was turning his back on small indie films which he embraced in the post-"Twilight" phase of his career.
"I wasn't making a decision to turn away from it (indie films)," he emphasized. "I just wanted to do what I wanted to do.
"And I weirdly enjoyed it during 'Twilight,' like that anticipation and you can mess it up. With other movies where no one knows what to expect, like with 'The Lighthouse,' it's kind of, no one would see (laughs) Ephraim Winslow.
"I guess I was feeling pretty confident at the beginning of this year."
Laughing one more time, Robert added, "And I want to be on the big stage."
E-mail [email protected] Follow him at http://twitter.com/nepalesruben.
Crazy Jhenny, October 25, 2019
TAGS: Only In Hollywood, Robert Pattinson, The Lighthouse
Duterte signs law imposing additional sin taxes


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PTT Public Company Limited o simplemente PTT () es una empresa estatal de petróleo y gas que cotiza en bolsa en el estado de Tailandia. Anteriormente conocida como Petroleum Authority of Thailand, posee extensos gasoductos submarinos en el Golfo de Tailandia, una red de terminales de GLP en todo el reino, y participa en la generación de electricidad, productos petroquímicos, exploración y producción de petróleo y gas, y venta minorista de gasolina.

Las compañías afiliadas incluyen PTT Exploration and Production, PTT Global Chemical, PTT Asia Pacific Mining, y PTT Green Energy.

PTT es una de las corporaciones más grandes del país y también la única compañía de Tailandia que figura en lista de compañías de Fortune Global 500. La compañía se ubica en el puesto 81 entre los 500 principales en Fortune 500 y 180 en Forbes 2000.

Finanzas
Para 2016, PTT PCL reportó ingresos de 1,737,148 millones de baht, ingresos netos de 94,609 millones de baht, activos de 2,232,331 millones de baht y un patrimonio total de 762,948 millones de baht.

Los 15 directores de PTT fueron compensados con 14.9 millones de baht en asignaciones para reuniones en 2016, más 38.7 millones de baht en bonos. El salario del presidente y CEO para el año fue de 30.6 millones de baht más un bono de 9.6 millones de baht. La compañía en 2016 empleó 4,616 (PTT) y 24,680 en subsidiarias.La compensación total para los empleados de PTT en 2016, excluyendo a la alta dirección, fue de 9,651 millones de baht.

Operaciones
En 2012, PTT compró el 55 por ciento restante de Sakari Resources, un operador de minas de carbón de Singapur.

En 2012, PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) se hizo cargo de Cove Energy PLC, que tenía una participación del 8,5 por ciento en un enorme campo de gas natural en la costa de Mozambique.

La compañía opera 58 estaciones minoristas en Filipinas y planea agregar 15-20 gasolineras adicionales en Luzón y Bisayas, en la provincia de Cebú.

PTT Public Company Limited y Pertamina , la compañía petrolera estatal de Indonesia, se asociaron para construir un nuevo complejo petroquímico en Indonesia por un costo estimado de US$ 4–5 mil millones.

Referencias

Wikipedia:Páginas con traducciones sin revisar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Mining & Energy Containment Structures Case Studies Cloudbreak Reclaim Tunnel
Cloudbreak Reclaim Tunnel
Reinforced Earth® Reclaim Tunnel
Pilbara Region, WA, Australia
Worley Parsons
Team 45, The Pilbara Iron Ore & Infrastructure Project
Special features/benefits
In 2002/2003, many analysts predicted a rise in iron ore prices of up to 40%, with long-term demand expected to remain strong on the back of east-Asian economic growth. Traditionally, BHP and Rio Tinto have had a monopoly on iron ore mining in the Pilbara but with higher iron ore prices came prospective new entrants to the market. In 2003 Fortescue Mining was formed to take up the challenge to become a third major player and embarked on a rapid development program that as of mid 2008 saw it become a $30 billion company.
Consequently, in mid 2008 Fortescue was on the verge of completing the construction of its open-access port and rail infrastructure, and first mine site – the Cloudbreak Iron Ore Project. Cloudbreak is located in the north of WA, in the Pilbara region, approximately 120km northwest of Newman and at the time of writing would be ranked as the most high profile mining project in the country.
The Team 45 alliance was set up to develop the Cloudbreak mine and manage the construction. Engineering consultant and alliance member Worley Parsons approached The Reinforced Earth Company (RECO) to design and supply a reclaim tunnel and escape tunnel under the new iron ore stockpile.
The design was complex. The conical shaped iron ore stockpile above the tunnels reached some 55m height above the crown of the arch (10m of backfill and 45m of very dense iron ore at 2.9 t/m³). This made the Cloudbreak TechSpan® arch tunnels some of the most heavily loaded structures RECO has designed in Australia to date and one of the most heavily loaded structures RECO has undertaken anywhere in the world.
The iron ore is deposited by an overhead conveyor and moved around by a Caterpillar D10 dozer with a gross vehicle weight of 67 tonnes. The tunnels had to be designed for both the live load of the dozer acting at pad level and the dead load of a full height stockpile and all the potential load cases associated with it. The shape of the stockpile will always be changing as the ore is reclaimed for export and as more iron ore is deposited.
Consequently several unbalanced load cases were carefully considered by RECO. The unbalanced load cases often control the design and may cause the tunnel to fail if the designer does not consider all possible load cases.
In late 2006 RECO was initially awarded the first stage of the mine reclaim tunnel, which accounted for some 315 lineal meters of 6.7m span arch. This was followed in June 2007 with the award of a further 160 lineal metres extension to the original tunnel, this section was on a variable vertical alignment of up to 10% grade adding significantly to the design complexity and requiring wider arch units to ensure longitudinal arch stability. This was one of the steepest grades undertaken using TechSpan® arches.
A further 77 lineal metres extension to be used as the escape tunnel was also added in September 2007. To complete the structure and complement RECO's involvement in the project, a TerraMet® headwall to the tunnel was also supplied in late 2007.
The TechSpan® arch tunnel was designed to carry extremely high dead loads associated with continuously changing 55m high stockpile.
The precast concrete arch units were manufactured in Perth by Georgiou Group using two moulds and turned around daily.
The installation of arches was a rapid and efficient process overseen on site by experienced RECO technicians.
The arch headwall used TerraMet®, RECO's lightweight steel faced retaining wall system, which is widely used in the Pilbara, particularly to ROM dump structures behind crushers
Reclaim Tunnel
6.95 span, 375 Units
Cloudbreak Reclaim Tunnel (284 KB)


The Juggling Energiser workshop is designed to offer organisations a positive team activity that is both open, fun with the intention of developing critical skills.
The juggling workshop is delivered by 'Peace-fool the clown' so expect some frivolity to lift moods and re-energise staff. This program fosters stress relief, coordination and balancing the right and left hemispheres of the brain, this is called relaxed concentration. Juggling fosters creativity and definitely expands wellbeing as it feels good and there is much laughing as people seek to master techniques.
The juggling workshop runs for 1 hour, this is a great way to start the day or re-energise the afternoon, mood's change and people feel reinvigorated, mentally on a high note. There are trends emerging around the world where staff are engaging in fun activities that give them a sense of creativity, balance and freedom. This is critical in stressful, immobile and structured environments. It provides a counter experience which re-balances people generating positive activities. The workshop can be extended (by demand) to a half day workshop to explore the philosophy of juggling and how it can be applied to a working situation. The skills in juggling are great metaphors for discipline, endurance, concentration, rhythm, lateral thinking, persistence and laughing at mistakes.
This workshop is excellent for organisations to help people to reconnect with a fun activity where there is not too much thinking but a focus on fun, developing skills and being active in non-competitive ways. This type of activity is great for team building, having fun together and making plenty of mistakes in an environment that is open to mistakes as this leads to perfecting skills and learning new skills without fear.
The positive properties of juggling are endless and it is highly recommended that organisations do this regularly for the sheer fun of it.
Here is a wonderful presentation from Tedx by a master juggler to inspire you. There is a lot more to juggling then meets the eye. It is a wonderful activity for learning rhythm, balance, concentration and of course most importantly, fun. What is noteworthy from this discussion is the development of creativity, innovation and lateral thinking. It is a way for staff to relax, be active and to find the rhythm and flow and it leads to developing creativity.
Susan Carew aka Peacefull has been a professional clown for 14 years and a facilitator for 19 years (since 1995). She comes to the workshop as 'Peacefull the clown' . Joking and silliness is encouraged in this workshop. In 2002 Susan was personally invited by Patch Adams to attend his Healing with Humour tour in Moscow, Russia. This tour is an annual event to Russia to build bridges of friendship. Susan has conducted workshops with a wide range of corporate and not-for-profit organisations to share with them an experience of joy, playfulness and stretching past the comfort zone. It is an excellent process for learning confidence, courage and reconnecting with positive feelings. Positive employees are creative, supportive and a joy to work with. The wellbeing aspect of working life is often seen as not as important as the serious workshops, yet it is the most important as the focus is on mental health, happiness and community building. Juggling brings people together in fun ways.
Since 2010, Susan has travelled the world visiting 20 countries and clowning with locals of that country. Susan has clowned in: Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, India, Egypt, UK, Ireland, USA, Costa Rica, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile, New Zealand and Nepal. She has experienced that clowning is a universal value that is understood even in places where clowns haven't been seen. She has clowned in slums, orphanages, schools, nursing homes, HIV clinics, hospitals, mental health clinics, schools for the blind and deaf, community organisations, bonded labour, cancer centres, remote tribal communities and universities. She has clowned with young people to the elderly and had a wonderful time sharing the joy.
How does juggling balance the left and right hemisphere of the brain?


Bianchina made in Italy from 1957 - 1970.
approved supplier and hand crafted to the very highest standards available.
Fully wax treated to preserve life of car including all box sections.
to ensure the very best level of finish is possible.
New Ignition leads, spark plugs, distributor cap and rotor arm. Timing checked.
New cam belt, new water pump, cam seals ,crank seals.
New wishbones new track rod ends, new suspension all round.
For more details call 631-318-7043.
Contact us now at 631-318-7043 for more details! Contact us for more details: 631-318-7043Call DealerContact Seller Photos Vehicle Warranty New Vehicles come with a full-factory warranty. Used vehicles may have a remaining-factory warranty, but please contact us for the warranty details specific to this vehicle.


Meetings to be held in Zurich on October 1 and in London on October 2 hosted by William Blair.
William Blair analyst Brian Drab intiatited Novanta with an Outperform saying the company has an established reputation as a premier supplier of photonics, precision motion and optical control solutions, and medical grade technologies. Novanta holds a top-two share position in most of its niche markets and technologies, Drab tells investors in a research note. He expects the company to grow sales at a mid- to high-single-digit rate and earnings at a low-double-digit rate. The analyst sees the stock appreciating in line with earnings growth.
As previously reported, Baird analyst Richard Eastman downgraded Novanta to Neutral form Outperform. The analyst noted Q1 results were better than expected but said his rating adjustment reflects the fact that current share price discounts his forecasted profits. He said he would wait for a better entry point. Eastman raised his price target to $60 from $58 on Novanta shares.
William Blair analyst Brian Drab recommends using today's weakness in shares of Novanta (NOVT) following IPG Photonics' (IPGP) results as a buying opportunity. The analyst recommends take advantage of the volatility in the laser market. He keeps an Outperform rating on Novanta.


Plan now to be a part of the 2019 Commodity Classic in Orlando, Fla. on Thursday, Feb. 28- Saturday, March 2, 2019. The Housing & Registration website launches on Wednesday, Nov. 14 at 10 a.m. CST. Learn more about the event and why it's your TIME TO SHINE! Click here to start making your plans!
Commodity Classic is the premier convention and trade show of National Corn Growers Association, American Soybean Association, National Association of Wheat Growers, National Sorghum Producers and Association of Equipment Manufacturers. It is America's largest farmer-led, farmer-focused convention and trade show.


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Q: Make API call in tableView row and Update particular cell after API response? I want to make an API call in the tableView cell and Update a particular row after API Response.
func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
    // Here I want to call API
    // IF API call start for Cell index 0
    // After API Call 0 index cell should update.
}

I am looking best way to handle this scenario.

*

*Best if this is possible without reloading tableView or tableViewCell.

*Want to use the best of GCD and Concurrency operations.

Thank you in advance for your answers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What's more, 95,000 non-citizens are registered to vote in Texas according to the DPS.
"Texas law allows lawfully present noncitizens to obtain driver's licenses by showing proof of lawful presence to DPS," said Paxton's office in a statement. "However, only citizens are eligible to vote. And Texas law currently does not require verification of a voter's statement that they are a citizen."
The Texas Secretary of State's office is "very confident" that the information they received is current, according to spokesman Sam Taylor - however a voting rights group immediately questioned its accuracy.
Democratic lawmakers in the Lone Star State have urged caution "because we have consistently seen Texas politicians conjure the specter of voter fraud as pretext to suppress legitimate votes, we are naturally skeptical," according to Dallas state Rep. Rafael Anchia.
Paxton mentioned three recent voter fraud convictions in his statement, adding "Nothing is more vital to preserving our Constitution than the integrity of our voting process, and my office will do everything within its abilities to solidify trust in every election in the state of Texas. I applaud Secretary of State Whitley for his proactive work in safeguarding our elections."
Between 2005 and 2017, 97 people were prosecuted for numerous voter fraud violations according to Paxton's office.
"In 2018, Paxton's Election Fraud Unit – with assistance from a criminal justice grant from the governor's office – prosecuted 33 defendants for a total of 97 election fraud violations. Last February, the attorney general announced a significant voter fraud initiative and addressed key problems and policy areas related to election law," according to NBCDFW.


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