text:
Ascorbinezuur, beter bekend als vitamine C, is een wateroplosbare organische verbinding met als brutoformule C6H8O6. Ascorbinezuur is betrokken bij verschillende fysiologische processen, zoals de vorming van bindweefsel, de opname van ijzer en instandhouding van het immuunsysteem. Hoewel de meeste dieren in staat zijn vitamine C zelf aan te maken, is het voor de mens een essentieel nutriënt, een stof die enkel uit voeding kan worden verkregen.

De belangrijkste bronnen van vitamine C zijn citrusvruchten en andere soorten fruit, evenals de groeiende uiteinden (knoppen en scheuten) van verscheidene planten. De vitamine wordt vaak als antioxidant toegevoegd aan levensmiddelen. Het E-nummer van ascorbinezuur is E300.

De naam ascorbinezuur is afgeleid van a (niet) en scorbutus, een woord dat verbasterd is tot scheurbuik. Ascorbinezuur werd in 1932 geïdentificeerd als het middel dat scheurbuik geneest. Van ascorbinezuur afgeleide zouten worden ascorbaten genoemd. Ascorbaat is de dominante vorm waarin vitamine C in het lichaam voorkomt.

Geschiedenis
In de 18e eeuw werd bekend dat met name citroensap een probaat middel was ter voorkoming van scheurbuik. In eerste instantie dacht men dat het zuur van de citroen scheurbuik voorkwam. Geneesheren of kwakzalvers uit die tijd gaven soms azijn tegen scheurbuik, wat niet hielp. Vanaf het einde van de 19e eeuw was men op zoek naar de zogenaamde "antischeurbuikfactor". Verscheidene soorten fruit en groente werden onderzocht op de mate waarin zij scheurbuik konden voorkomen. Inmiddels was ook bekend dat de stoffen die scheurbuik konden voorkomen, reducerende eigenschappen hadden.
Sinds 1920 was bekend dat in de bijnieren oxiderende stoffen voorkomen. In 1928 deed Albert Szent-Györgyi onderzoek naar stoffen die deze effecten tegengaan: reducerende stoffen. Daarbij ontdekte hij een stof die hij de naam hexoruninezuur gaf. Szent-Györgyi gaf aan, dat deze stof identiek leek te zijn aan de reducerende stof in citroensap. Deze stof was al langer bekend onder de namen vitamine C en antischeurbuikfactor. Men had toen echter nog geen idee wat de chemische structuur van deze stof was. In 1932 waren het met name Tillmans en Hirsch die aanwijzingen hadden dat de stof van Szent-Györgyi, het hexoruninezuur, weleens vitamine C kon zijn. In 1933 werd bekend dat de stof van Szent-Györgyi identiek bleek te zijn aan vitamine C/antischeurbuikfactor, en de naam hexoruninezuur werd vervangen door ascorbinezuur.

De Amerikaanse arts Frederick R. Klenner heeft medio 20e eeuw gepropageerd vitamine C als geneesmiddel bij vele ziekten toe te passen door de dosis sterk te verhogen. Tientallen grammen vitamine C per dag toedienen door middel van injecties was geen uitzondering. Er is echter nimmer aangetoond dat hierdoor de kans op bijvoorbeeld verkoudheden of andere virale infecties zou dalen. De onderzoeken van Klenner voldeden niet aan de eisen van de modern methodologisch onderzoek (dubbelblind gerandomiseerd onderzoek met controlegroep).

Biochemie
Vitamine C komt in twee vormen voor, die beide aanwezig zijn in diverse biologische weefsels en voeding, namelijk L-ascorbinezuur en L-dehydroascorbinezuur. Deze vormen kunnen door redoxchemie via een tussenvorm in elkaar overgaan.

Strikt genomen zouden deze drie stoffen apart gedefinieerd moeten worden. In de praktijk worden de termen vitamine C en ascorbinezuur als synoniemen gebruikt.

Een stereo-isomeer van ascorbinezuur is erythorbinezuur. Deze verbinding is ook onder de naam iso-ascorbinezuur bekend.

Endosynthese
Planten en de meeste gewervelde dieren zijn in staat om hun eigen vitamine C te maken. De mens, mensapen, vleerhonden (tropen), cavia's, beenvissen en bepaalde zangvogels vormen daar uitzonderingen op en kunnen zelf geen vitamine C aanmaken. Dit wordt veroorzaakt door een defect in het gulonolacton-oxidase-gen (GULO-gen), het laatste van een reeks van 5 genen die zorgen voor de enzymen die glucose omzetten in ascorbinezuur. Genoemde diersoorten kunnen het enzym L-gulonolacton-oxidase niet maken, waardoor de laatste stap in de synthese van vitamine C niet kan plaatsvinden. In die gevallen moet er ascorbinezuur via de voeding binnenkomen. Voor de mens en de genoemde diersoorten is vitamine C dus een zogenaamd essentieel nutriënt.

Functies
 Nodig bij de synthese van collageen, de meest voorkomende bouwstof van het menselijk lichaam
 Nodig bij het spiermetabolisme
 Versterkt de absorptie van ijzer in de darm
 Nodig bij de synthese van hormonen
 Functioneert als co-enzym in meer dan 800 verschillende biochemische reacties in het lichaam, waaronder hydroxylering
 Nodig in het immuunsysteem

Bronnen

Natuurlijke bronnen
De gele of rode paprika is in verhouding een grote bron van vitamine C onder de groenten, en bij fruit is dit de kiwi (zie tabel hieronder). Een paprika bevat twee keer zoveel vitamine C per 100 gram als een kiwi, maar men eet sneller 100 gram kiwi dan 100 gram paprika, dat vaak verwerkt is in een (hoofd)maaltijd. De sinaasappel bevat naar verhouding veel minder vitamine C. Een uitgeperste sinaasappel bevat ongeveer evenveel vitamine C als een sinaasappel die wordt gegeten.

Opname in het lichaam
In het algemeen wordt vitamine C uit groente en fruit goed door het lichaam opgenomen. Vitamine C uit gekookte broccoli, sinaasappelsap, fruit en synthetische vitamine C (zoals deze voorkomt in een vitaminepil of voedingssupplement), hebben dezelfde biologische beschikbaarheid (d.w.z.: ze worden even goed door het lichaam opgenomen). Een dosis (synthetische) vitamine C in pilvorm van maximaal 180 mg (meer dan dagelijks nodig is) wordt voor ten minste 80% door het lichaam opgenomen. Het belang van flavonoïden bij de opname van vitamine C is nog onvoldoende aangetoond. De vitamine C-inhoud in eenzelfde stuk groente of fruit kan sterk verschillen: de hoeveelheid vitamine C in sinaasappels, afkomstig van dezelfde plantage, verschilt zelfs per sinaasappel. Het opslaan van en bewerken (koken e.d.) van voedsel beïnvloedt de hoeveelheid vitamine C. Zo wordt vitamine C uit rauwe broccoli 20% minder goed opgenomen dan die uit gekookte broccoli.

De inname (als voedingssupplement) tot een maximum van enkele grammen vitamine C per dag, leidt tot dezelfde hoeveelheid vitamine C in het bloed als 200-300 mg vitamine C afkomstig uit voedsel. Dat betekent dat het slikken van enkele grammen (of minder) vitamine C per dag zinloos is, als men voldoende groente en fruit eet. Er zijn mensen die baat menen te hebben bij hogere concentraties vitamine C in het bloed, bijvoorbeeld ter voorkoming van een verkoudheid. Echter, om dat te bereiken dient men bijzonder veel te slikken, omdat het lichaam zeer efficiënt is in het verwijderen van vitamine C. De effectiviteit van dergelijke megadoses is overigens niet aangetoond en ze kunnen ook bijwerkingen hebben, zoals diarree.

Verliezen
Ten gevolge van tijd, luchtvochtigheid, omgevingstemperatuur, licht, water en hitte, gaat er vitamine C verloren.

Transport
Transportduur, kou, warmte en vochtigheid zijn nadelig voor het behoud van vitamine C in groenten en fruit tussen het moment van oogst en dat ze in de winkel liggen. Bij spinazie is het verlies aan vitamine C na 7 dagen na de oogst en bewaren bij 4 graden Celsius 80%.

Bewaarduur
De bewaartijd, inclusief uitstallingsduur in de winkel voor groenten en fruit bedraagt maximaal 5 dagen bij een temperatuur van 5 graden Celsius. Bij aardappelen bedraagt het verlies na een bewaarduur van drie maanden in het donker bij een temperatuur van 12 graden Celsius 50%.

Bereiding
Tijdens de bereiding van voedsel gaat veel vitamine C verloren. Bijvoorbeeld bij het koken van geschilde aardappelen gaat 40% verloren, bij stomen wordt dit beperkt tot 20%. Het koken van verse groenten levert een verlies op van 5-55%. Het zo kort mogelijk koken beperkt verlies, zodat bereiding in een hogedrukpan de beste methode is.

Persen
Zodra fruit geperst of op andere manier bewerkt wordt, gaat ten gevolge van het aan de lucht blootstellen het proces van verlies aan vitamine C beginnen. Echter, het zuur van het fruit gaat al te snelle afbraak tegen, zodat geperst sap nog zo'n drie dagen in de koelkast kan worden bewaard, met een aanvaardbaar verlies.

Bewerken
Het bewerken van vruchten tot jam levert tijdens het proces grote verliezen op. Rozebottels leveren 1250 mg vitamine C (per 100 gram), terwijl rozebotteljam nog maar 55 mg bevat.

Snijden
Bij het snijden van groenten gaat ook snel vitamine C verloren door oxidatie van de vitamine aan de snijvlakken.

Invriezen
Invriezen heeft een grote negatieve invloed op het behoud van vitamine C.

Bewaren
Het bereide voedsel dient zo kort mogelijk na de bereiding te worden gegeten. Hierna gaat het nog resterende deel van de vitamine C snel achteruit.

Tabletten
Vitamine C tabletten zijn onderhevig aan temperatuur en luchtvochtigheid als ze in een reeds geopende pot worden bewaard. Een blisterverpakking verdient de voorkeur qua luchtvochtigheid. Tabletten of capsules met alleen ascorbinezuur en zonder hulpstoffen als rutine, hesperidine, bioflavonoïden (zoals rozebottel en acerola) worden door het lichaam minder goed opgenomen dan supplementen met deze hulpstoffen, die vooral in fruit voorkomen.

Symptomen scheurbuik
Symptomen van scheurbuik zijn onder meer zwellingen en bloedingen van het tandvlees, petechiën, vooral op onderbenen, slapte, stijve en pijnlijke ledematen en inwendige bloedingen. Deze symptomen worden uitgelokt door de verzwakking van bindweefsel. Er is geen sprake van een specifieke buikaandoening. Onbehandelde scheurbuik is op lange termijn dodelijk.

Studies bij gezonde vrijwilligers hebben uitgewezen dat vitamine C-tekort in minder dan een maand kan ontstaan.

Benodigde hoeveelheden vitamine C per dag
Voor de stofwisseling is een kleine hoeveelheid nodig; een dosis van 60 milligram, verspreid over de dag, wordt aanbevolen.

Volgens de chemicus en Nobelprijswinnaar Linus Pauling zou de dagelijkse inname 2,3 tot 9,5 gram moeten bedragen. De meeste voedingsdeskundigen zijn dit niet met hem eens.

Klinische toepassingen

Vitamine C en verkoudheid
Een Cochrane-review van onderzoeken naar het effect van vitamine C als preventie tegen verkoudheid en ter behandeling van de symptomen van verkoudheid leverde de volgende conclusies op: hoeveelheden tot 2 gram per dag gaven een minimale vermindering van de kans op een verkoudheid, ca 5%, wat net statistisch significant was bij 11.000 patiënten. In een subgroep die zware lichamelijk arbeid verrichtte (mariniers op oefening in de sneeuw), was er wel een klinisch significant effect, een reductie van ca 50%. Bij dertig onderzoeken met samen 9676 patiënten trad een geringe reductie van 8% in de duur van de verkoudheid op, bij kinderen wat meer, 13%. Dit was wederom statistisch significant. Behandeling met vitamine C nadat de eerste symptomen van verkoudheid al waren opgetreden (7 onderzoeken, meer dan 3000 verkoudheidsepisoden), gaf geen significant verschil met een placebo te zien, noch voor de symptomen, noch voor de duur van de verkoudheid. De onderzoekers die de review deden, concluderen dat "Het gebruik van megadoses vitamine C om verkoudheden te voorkomen wegens gebrek aan effect in de algemene bevolking niet gerechtvaardigd is", maar dat "het wel te rechtvaardigen is bij personen die kortdurende hevige inspanningen moeten leveren en/of in een koude omgeving". Voorstanders werpen dan weer tegen dat het effect pas bij nog grotere doses merkbaar zou worden; maar dan is het weer nagenoeg onmogelijk om het onderzoek dubbelblind te doen, doordat er dan duidelijke bijwerkingen op het maag-darmkanaal op gaan treden.

Vitamine C en kanker

Preventie
Een Cochrane review naar het effect van verschillende antioxidantia (onder andere vitamine C: vier onderzoeken van hoge kwaliteit) toonde geen effect van antioxidantia op het tegengaan van kankers van het maag-darmkanaal aan. Er waren zelfs aanwijzingen dat de mortaliteit toe zou kunnen nemen.

Kankertherapie
De inzet van vitamine C in de kankertherapie begon in 1978 met een publicatie van Linus Pauling en Ewan Cameron in het tijdschrift Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Zij vonden dat toediening van 10 gram vitamine C per dag, waarbij de eerste 10 dagen parenteraal (via injecties of infuus) toegediend werd, de overleving van 100 terminale kankerpatiënten verbeterde in vergelijking met 100 niet behandelde patiënten. De studie werd bekritiseerd vanwege de studieopzet (niet gerandomiseerd, controlegroep niet vergelijkbaar). Kort daarna werden twee studies gepubliceerd die wél aan de wetenschappelijke eisen voldeden en waarin geen effect werd gevonden van vitamine C bij kanker. Sindsdien wordt aan mensen die een chemokuur en/of bestraling ondergaan, afgeraden om supplementen met vitamine C te slikken.

Voor oraal toegediende vitamine C is die conclusie sindsdien niet veranderd. Maar voor vitamine C die parenteraal wordt toegediend, waarbij veel hogere weefselconcentraties bereikt kunnen worden dan ooit met orale toediening mogelijk is, zijn wetenschappers tot de conclusie gekomen dat die resolute afwijzing van vitamine C in de kankertherapie heroverweging verdient.

In hoge concentraties blijkt vitamine C toxisch te zijn voor kankercellen (in weefselkweek). Megadoseringen vitamine C genereren waterstofperoxide, dat sommige kankercellen selectief doodt zonder de gezonde cellen aan te tasten. Vitamine C-deficiëntie blijkt de overlevingsprognose van kankerpatiënten duidelijk te verslechteren.

Franse wetenschappers bewezen in februari 2009 dat vitamine C (in zeer hoge doses, parenteraal toegediend) in staat was om de groei van kankercellen te vertragen en onder controle te houden. Bij muizen met kanker werd vitamine C geïnjecteerd. De vitamine had geen vervelende nevenwerkingen op de dieren, de overlevingstijd van de proefdieren steeg enorm, de tumorgroei werd stopgezet en de vorming van metastasen (uitzaaiingen) blokkeerde volledig. Een soortgelijk resultaat was eerder al bij muizen gevonden, evenals in in-vitro-onderzoek.

Naar aanleiding van een aantal publicaties waarbij, in individuele gevallen, parenteraal toegediende vitamine C gunstige effecten had in de kankertherapie publiceerden onderzoekers van de Kwandong Universiteit in Zuid-Korea in 2007 een onderzoek waarbij vitamine C, zowel parenteraal als oraal toegediend, de levenskwaliteit van terminale kankerpatiënten signifcant bleek te kunnen verbeteren. Inmiddels zijn er nog andere casusbeschrijvingen gepubliceerd van patiënten bij wie de tumor compleet verdween als gevolg van parenteraal toegediende hoge doseringen vitamine C.

Uit onderzoek van de Consumentenbond in 2005 naar het verschil tussen biologische en gangbare groenten bleken 10 van de 14 onderzochte groenten (zowel biologisch als gangbaar) méér dan 60% minder vitamine C te bevatten dan oude voedingsmiddelentabellen aangaven, maar die nog steeds gebruikt werden.

Te veel vitamine C
Voorbeelden van de giftigheid van vitamine C zijn zeldzaam. De meeste mensen verdragen enkele grammen per dag probleemloos. Doses vanaf ongeveer 10 gram kunnen aanleiding geven tot het ontstaan van diarree. In zeldzame gevallen kan orgaanschade ontstaan. Door ijzerstapeling ontstaan nierstenen of treden er andere ernstige bijwerkingen op. In de meeste van deze gevallen hadden de betrokken patiënten een onderliggende ziekte. Het lijkt erop dat het lichaam een beschermingsmechanisme heeft tegen hoge doses vitamine C: voor doses van 200 milligram of meer geldt dat de opname ervan door het lichaam sterk afneemt.
Tevens is het zo, dat excessieve hoeveelheden vitamine C die in het bloed zijn terechtgekomen, efficiënt met de urine worden uitgescheiden. Over de veiligheid van vitamine C die intraveneus wordt toegediend, is veel minder bekend.

Reboundeffect
Wanneer er plotseling gestopt wordt na het dagelijks gebruik van zeer hoge doseringen vitamine C (vele grammen), kan het zogenaamde reboundeffect optreden. Dit verschijnsel houdt in, dat mensen die langdurig hoge doses vitamine C geslikt hebben, plotseling verschijnselen van vitamine C-tekort gaan vertonen. Dit kan verklaard worden doordat ascorbaat-afhankelijke enzymreacties nog 24 tot 48 uur doorgaan nadat de inname van vitamine C is gestopt, waardoor er vitamine C wordt verbruikt die niet aangevuld wordt.

Externe links
 Voedingscentrum.nl Vitamine C
  Ascorbate Historical Reference Page

Vitamine
Co-enzym
Voedingsadditief
Ascorbaat
Lacton
Polyol
Cycloalkeen
Enol
Alfa,bèta-onverzadigde carbonylverbinding
Antioxidant
Chirale verbinding


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Our earlier discussion on information theft gives more examples of information that can be stolen, and what users can do to prevent their information from being stolen in the first place.
More and more of our personal information are being stored by companies and organizations that we deal with day to day. These groups need your data to go about their business, to make transactions safer, more convenient, or for other purposes. Unfortunately, they sometimes fail to secure this data, and your personal information ends up online.
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In either case, there isn't a lot that ordinary users can do if their data is stolen or exposed. The severity of the damage depends on the type of data that gets stolen—payment information could be used to siphon funds, while personally identifiable information could be used for identity theft or harassment.
In many cases the end user is "made whole" and doesn't actually have to pay the full costs of a data breach—fraudulent transactions are reversed, and credit monitoring services are provided for free for a time. However, this doesn't completely make up for the stress, inconvenience, and worry imposed on users because a trusted party turned out to be unworthy of that trust.
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LockBit and Black Basta Are the Most Active RaaS Groups as Victim Count Rises: Ransomware in Q2 and Q3 2022
Enterprises and organizations are facing a period of transition and uncertainty – malicious actors will hunker down and reuse tried-and-tested tools and techniques.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
— японско-французский аниме-сериал совместной работы студий DiC Entertainment и Studio Pierrot, созданный по мотивам романа «Королевская пятая» писателя Скотта О'Делла. Трансляция серий началась впервые в Японии по телеканалу NHK и шла с июня 1982 по июнь 1983. Всего было выпущено 39 серий. Французская версия сериала под названием Les Mystérieuses Cités d'Or начала транслироваться по каналу AK Video с 1983 года. Во французской версии были частично изменено музыкальное сопровождение.

Сюжет
Действие происходит в 1532 году. Испанский парень по имени Эстебан имеет уникальную способность повелевать солнцем, за что его прозвали «сыном солнца». Он присоединяется к Мендосе, штурману, и его сподвижникам Санчо и Педро, которые отправляются в Новый Свет поисках одного из семи легендарных золотых городов. Сам же Эстебан надеется найти своего пропавшего отца. Позже к ним присоединяется молодая индианка из племени Инков — Зия (которую похитил Мендоса) и Тао — последний потомок народа Му. Однако в долгом путешествии им будут мешать Гомес и Гаспар — те, кто тоже хотят найти золотой город. Семь городов были построены императором Хивой, чтобы избежать страшной войны. Однако война началась и уничтожила великие цивилизации, такие как Атлантида и Му. Во время войны люди использовали такие мощные технологии, как «Оружие Солнца», портативный термоядерный реактор и другие. Позже эти вещи встречаются и во время путешествия Эстебана. Например, медальоны Зии и главного героя — это ключи от двух из семи легендарных городов. А личная баночка Тао оказывается важной частью древних технологий.

История о древних цивилизациях присутствует во многих летописях инков, и только Зия может их читать. Данные летописи дают множество полезных подсказок в поисках легендарных городов. В то время другим искателям, таким как Гомес, Гаспар и Франсиско Писарро это приходится крайне тяжело.
Когда-то Мендоса спас маленького Эстебана из тонущего корабля, и тот любит Мендосу как родного отца. Однако это не останавливает мальчика разузнать и найти своего настоящего отца. Зия тоже ищет своего отца, потому что когда-то давно была увезёна в Испанию в качестве подарка Принцессе. Тао тоже ищет своих предков. У него есть летописи — «энциклопедия потерянных технологий», и таинственный сосуд, с помощью которого по легенде только носитель древней чистой крови сможет открыть врата города. Позже выясняется, что этот элемент является системой управления стержня.
В сериале появляются ольмеки — потомки выживших древних людей, которые после ядерной войны сильно мутировали. Они маленького роста, у них заострённые уши и увеличенная лобная кость. Это очень умные, но хитрые и эгоистичные существа. Они тоже ищут древний артефакт «Великое наследие» чтобы взять образцы здоровых клеток детей, для борьбы с мутацией и бесплодием. Их оружие гораздо примитивнее, чем оружие испанцев. Ольмеки используют копья и щиты. Однако у них остались некоторые древние технологии от их предков. Например аппарат, который может возрождать человека (только благодаря ему Ольмеки ещё не вымерли), однако был разрушен главными героями. С тех пор ольмеки заняты поисками «Великого наследия». В результате, когда Ольмеки доходят до золотого города и добывают оружие, то погибают все, растаяв на глазах. А сам золотой город разрушается от землетрясения. Чтобы спасти весь мир от катаклизмов, вызванных в результате активации древних артефактов Отец Эстебана, выступая в качестве жреца, жертвует своей жизнью и умирает. Перед полным разрушением города Мендоса, Санчо и Педро успевают вынести некоторое количество золота и возвращаются в Испанию. А Эстебан и его друзья отправляются в долгое путешествие в поисках других легендарных городов.

Список персонажей
Эстебан — главный герой, сирота. Его когда-то спас испанский мореплаватель Мендоса. Эстебан имеет медальон, один из ключей к древнему городу. Очень импульсивный и мечтает о приключениях. Эстебан очень боится высоты. Однажды жители Барселоны поставили его на вершине порта, чтобы тот вызвал солнце и помог уходящим кораблям. Он присоединяется к испанцам в поиски семи легендарных золотых городов в надежде найти своего отца.

Зия — главная героиня. Дочь инка, первосвященника. Она была похищена из Перу пять лет назад испанским захватчиками в качестве подарка королеве Испании и её дочери, принцессе Маргарите, когда ей было семь лет. Встретила впервые Эстебана, когда была похищена Мендосой, так как она могла читать летописи инков. Позже Зия добровольно присоединяется к Эстебану в поиски древних городов.

Тао — последний представитель древнего народа Му. Он жил долгое время один на Галапагосских островах после смерти своего отца. Сначала он враждебно встречает главных героев, когда они решили причалить к его острову. Но позже решает присоединится к ним в поисках древних городов.

Мендоса — хорошо ориентируется по картам и звёздам. Когда-то давно спас Эстебана из тонущего корабля. Мендоса опытный моряк, штурман и мастер-фехтовальщик. Он выступает в качестве лидера главных героев, но часто вступает с ними в противоречие. Мендоса уже многие годы ищет легендарные города.

Список серий аниме

См. также
 Похождения императора
 The Adventures of Pepero

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт мультфильма
 Mysterious Cities of Gold на сайте Big Cartoon

Мультсериалы Франции
Атлантида в культуре и искусстве
Телесериалы 1982 года

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Ugly Americans
2010 TV-14 1 season
Rent this show
In a New York City neighborhood chockablock with mythical creatures -- from vampires and werewolves to mermaids and fairies -- civil servant Mark Lilly is assigned the unenviable task of "humanizing" them in this Comedy Channel animated series.
Matt Oberg, Natasha Leggero, Randy Pearlstein, Kurt Metzger, Devin Clark, Pete Holmes, Julie Klausner, Michael-Leon Wooley, Larry Murphy
TV Shows, TV Animated Comedies, TV Comedies, Comedy Central
Quirky, Goofy
Summary of Season 1 (2010) - 1 disc
This wildly inventive Comedy Central animated series centers around the life of Mark Lilly, a Manhattan-based civil servant charged with helping vampires, werewolves, fairies and other fantastic creatures become productive members of society. As if his job weren't tough enough, Lilly also has to deal with his freshly zombie-fied roommate, Randall Skeffington, his demonic boss and lover, Callie Maggotbone, and other nightmarish beasts.
English: Dolby Digital 5.1
TV-14 - This program contains some material that many parents would find unsuitable for children under 14 years of age.
Common Sense rating OK for kids 16+
Common Sense Note
Parents need to know that this adult-oriented cartoon relies on shock value and sexual humor for laughs, making it an iffy choice for older teens who might glean some questionable messages from its admittedly ridiculous premise. Expect lots of crude language and visuals, including characters who say "suck my balls" and defecate on police officers, and others who rip their faces off and eat brains -- although the strongest language (including words like "c--k") is bleeped. Alcohol and sex are also a regular part of the storyline.
Mark is having an affair with his boss, and the pair often kiss and make out in bathroom stalls, with implied sex (although no sensitive body parts are shown). Other characters tongue-kiss and talk about "bangin'" or getting "laid," etc.
Some pretty gross stuff (even though it's animated), including zombies ripping their faces off, or losing limbs, etc. Cartoonish violence includes kicking, punching, etc.
Some bleeped swearing (mainly, the word "c--k") plus sexually charged audibles like "douche nozzle," "ball bag," "cooch," "vagina," and "foreskin."
There's an overarching message that everyone deserves equal treatment -- including zombies and demons -- despite outward appearances. But the show's focus on other takeaways, like the fact that you should "never make life decisions with a hard-on and a fifth of tequila" make that a pretty moot point.
The show spoofs popular brands with signs for Blood, Bath & Beyond (Bed, Bath & Beyond), Barnes & Evil (Barnes and Noble), Sin-a-Bon (Cin-a-Bon) and Brim-Stone Blasphemery (Coldstone Creamery). Other brands are occasionally mentioned by name, like Wendy's.
Drugs / Tobacco / Alcohol
Most characters drink alcohol (and some do it secretly at work), and the main character and his roommate hang out regularly at a nightclub.
Not an issue
Depends on your child and your family
Parents strongly cautioned
Not appropriate for kids of the age
This information for parents is provided by Common Sense Media, a non-profit organization dedicated to improving kids' media lives.


text:
Call for artists: Age & Opportunity Artist's Residency in a Care Setting
Age & Opportunity's arts and culture programme wishes to engage an artist in residence within a care setting. This opportunity will enable the selected artist to develop their specific skills in relation to working in arts and health settings. The residency will take place in Saint Joseph's Shankill, Dublin, the only care home in Ireland solely dedicated to dementia care.
Age & Opportunity has a longstanding stake in the provision of creative activities in care settings through its Creative Exchanges programme and in relation to creating meaningful experiences for people with dementia in terms of its Azure programme. Building on a highly successful residency in 2017 with artist Joanna Hopkins at Orchard Day Care in Blackrock, Age & Opportunity, working with its Azure and Creative Exchanges programmes, and in association with the Waterford Healing Arts Trust, are once again offering an artist's residency within a care setting for people with dementia. People with dementia have been selected as a group of people who Age & Opportunity feel would greatly benefit from an artist's sustained engagement and as a group who are often ignored in relation to arts provision.
The artist selected will work closely with the residents over a medium length period of time (one to two months) with a view to opening up creative arts practice to the residents and in terms of supporting this specialist area of work. Specifically, the residency will combine the artist's engagement of the older people in creative processes with his / her creative reflection on this.
Deadline for applications: 21 September 2018
Download the brief and application process here:
www.artsandhealth.ie/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Age-Opportunity-Artist's-Residency-in-a-Care-Setting.pdf
ageandopportunity.ie
Age & Opportunity
artist opportunity
arts and older people
Kildare County Council Arts Service: Arts, Health & Wellbeing Funding Awards 2023
Dec 23rd 2022
Call for artists with experience of inclusive arts programming - dlr Arts Office Artist Panel


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ten years ago, when our son first voiced an interest in learning Chinese, there was no Chinese school around. Fortunately, I found a private teacher in the classifieds back then.
As of 2012, Oberursel has its own Sunday school for Chinese learners. The first courses started this past Sunday, 27 January, and classes run from 10 a.m. – 12: 45 p.m.
Classes are being held at the Feldbergschule, Oberhöchstädter Strasse 20. All teachers are certified, and Mandarin Chinese is taught.
Children and adults are welcome to learn Chinese (one of the six official UNO languages). Additionally, a partnership with a Chinese school in Yiwu has been established and a student exchange is planned for the coming year.
Membership fees are starting from euro 168 semi-annually. For more information, visit www.chinesischeschule.de.
Disclaimer: This is to share resources and services. I received no compensation for writing about the school.
Most expats have read about the German school system before moving here. But occasionally, whether contemplating enrolling the child at a German school or international school, even more questions arise. Newcomers might wonder why elementary school children finish school as early as 11:10, or how many of them make it through university (14.1% of all Germans have a university degree), etc.
Education in Germany is twofold; one being Bildung (knowledge) the other Erziehung (social skills).
German education is very diverse, ranging from late starters, when parents try to "spare their children from the harsh school life" by enrolling them a year late. Additionally, there is no home schooling as school attendance is mandatory.
When we came to Germany in 1995, there was only a half-day kindergarten program available. Also, schools had neither extra-curricular activities, study halls, nor substitute teachers. Students had no chance to make up missed lessons. Teachers did not and do not to this day communicate privately with students. The lack of respect for the teaching profession is common knowledge.
It was difficult finding a private day care mother for our toddler as most German mothers would rather stay home with their child (supplemented by the government) and therefore ruled by supply and demand. Nowadays, there is an abundance of day care mothers to choose from. But there are not enough early childhood educators for kindergarten.
This post's focus is on kindergarten, a mix of facts and personal observations.
Kindergarten starts from the age of three and goes until the age of six. As mentioned before, some moms might opt for later school enrollment and keeping the child in kindergarten for an extra year. But there are also cases of early enrollment called Kann Kind (a capable child, not yet six years old at the time of school enrollment).
Kindergarten is not part of the regular school system, therefore it is not free, only subsidized. The fee might be based on income, number of children, etc. This varies from state to state and year to year.
Early childhood education in Germany stresses a child's social development and focuses on playing, arts and crafts, music and physical education.
To work in a kindergarten does not require a university degree, but a vocational training as a Erzieherin (often a 10th grade education, followed by a vocational two-year training is sufficient).
Therefore, no school related items are taught or should be taught. Most elementary teachers would frown upon a child starting school with any kind of knowledge of phonics, the alphabet or counting.
Vorschule (pre-primary education) is being offered at most kindergartens one day a week, but I have not met a single child yet who could read after the Vorschule training.
Please also note there are hardly any pre-primary reading books on the German market.
Most kindergartens are run by churches or social organizations. There is an acute shortness of kindergarten Erzieherinnen (early childhood educators). They are not teachers, and therefore do not get paid as such.
What you can expect from a German kindergarten, in general, is cheap day-care, fun activities for the kids, and little feed-back on your child's development.
Early education in Germany stands for children having a good time until Der Ernst des Lebens beginnt (the seriousness of life begins).
An acquaintance of mine just signed up to take this free course offered by Stanford University Venture Lab.
More information at Stanford Online Venture Lab Designing a New Learning Environment.
The person who learns teaches.


text:
Home / Business / Industries / Food/Beverage / Controversy Prevails Despite New GMO Labeling Standards
Controversy Prevails Despite New GMO Labeling Standards
Posted on February 1, 2017 by Korea Bizwire in Food/Beverage, Industries, Most Viewed, Policies and Regulation, Top News with 0 Comments
As long as no such constituents are found in a product, companies are free from the guidelines even if GMOs were used in production stages. (image: KobizMedia/ Korea Bizwire)
SEOUL, Feb. 1 (Korea Bizwire) – The South Korean government has introduced new labelling standards for GMOs in food products that will take effect on February 4, but the measure is not likely to quell criticism that Korea, like the E.U., should implement official guidelines to oblige companies to identify all food products that make direct use of GMOs at any point in their production.
According to the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, the revision now mandates labeling for products that are found with any amount of genetically modified DNA or protein regardless of the level of content, which is a departure from previous legislation.
In other words, as long as no such constituents are found in a product, companies are free from the guidelines even if GMOs were used in production stages.
Civic organizations were quick to denounce the new regulations, saying that they not only fail to advocate for consumers' right to know, but they will instead hinder the overall labelling system for food products. Consumers tend to perceive a product as GMO-free (even if GMOs were used in the process) if there's no indication that says so on the packaging, they say.
The debate over GMO labeling standards is nothing new.
Last year, Democratic Party lawmaker Kim Hyun-kwon proposed a bill to implement a policy that obliges all products using any form of GMOs in their production process to indicate as such – legislation that was denounced by food companies who claimed that it would lead to an increase in manufacturing costs, thus eventually passing the burden to consumers.
"If such a bill is passed, the social stigma against GMOs will urge food companies to import more expensive GMO-free raw materials, and it's not like they guarantee better quality for the final products," said an industry official. "It's too early to discuss such labelling standards."
Meanwhile, the ministry said that its latest revision is its most reasonable attempt at expanding the standards to a point where the practice is feasible.
"There is much difference in perspective between whether GMO labelling is necessary for products that are free from GMO proteins," a ministry official said. "As far as we're concerned, GMO crops currently imported by Korea pose no health risks, and we'll wait until our society reaches a consensus."
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Technologies developed by the CRC will be routinely used in mineral exploration and will enable more successful, more cost-effective, more environmentally-friendly and safer ways to drill, analyse and target both new deep mineral deposits ('greenfields') and deep extensions to known deposits ('brownfields').
The vast majority of Australia's existing mines are located where mineralised basement rocks are outcropping or shallow. In order to ensure the future of mining in Australia and overseas, new technologies must be developed to explore to greater depths, and under deep, covered basement.
Improving the cost-effectiveness, safety and environmental impact of drilling.
Improving analysis of drilling results (e.g. downhole or on-site assays to provide more rapid results and improve productivity).
Improving early information on the extent of subsurface ore bodies in order to avoid locating major surface infrastructure where mining subsequently occurs.
Improving the effective radius of boreholes using elements / minerals that vector to mineral deposits.
Deployment of revolutionary new drilling technologies such as coiled tubing drilling for mineral exploration.
Incremental improvement in conventional drilling such as better monitoring of bit wear and reduction in manual handling of drill rods.
Utilising downhole or on-site sensors to reduce the need for core and off-site, lab based core analysis.
Improved geophysical techniques to enhance early drilling-based delineation of discoveries (particularly at depth) and facilitate better life-of-mine planning.


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Congratulations to Rough Rider Hannah Face as she has signed a letter of intent to attend Ohio Wesleyan University in the fall and to play field hockey for the Battling Bishops. Hannah has been an excellent student/athlete at RHS who excelled in field hockey, basketball and band for the Rough Riders. Congratulations Hannah!
Wednesday, February 15, 2017 7:30 PM Kent Roosevelt High School AWAY 48 Highland High School HOME 51 Game Recap In a great showing, Kayla Fischer scored 24 points, but this was not enough as Roosevelt fell to Highland 51-48. On a two-pointer from Emily Lyon, Highland (Medina, OH) clinched their win in the fourth quarter.


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Retainer support can be used for anything from content updates to WordPress maintenance to development requests for additional functionality. Think of it as having a webmaster on call. While content management systems like Manifesto or WordPress allow you to update and add your own content to the site, sometimes you just don't have the time or resources to do it yourself. We're happy to take over for you and help out when you need an extra hand. Bugs and other incident reports that are clearly the responsibility of dada typo, or are the result of server or connectivity issues are never charged to the client. We're really here to help, not to nickel and dime you to death.
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Limelight Beds new Lyra Classic Metal Bed frame is finished in a wonderful eye catching shiny chrome. The symetric curved and straight lines of this bed would look stunning in any traditional or contemporary bedroom.
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Saint Joseph Catholic Community has an intercessory prayer team committed to uphold in prayer all our ministries and those who serve in them. We call ourselves the "Prayer Warriors." The Prayer Warriors pray throughout the week in various ways; as individuals in their own "prayer closets," or in groups meeting at various times at church, homes, assisted living facilities, or elsewhere. We do have a gathering on the 3rd Friday of every month at the Church where those who are able come for worship, prayer, and testimonials.
Below is the prayer list built around the days of the week. It may be that members of the Prayer Warriors do not pray the whole week through, but are committed to a certain day, or a certain ministry. The list is managed by Fr. John Worgul, and changes are regularly made to update it.
Coordinator of Sacramental Prep.- Anne Mason.
Please prayer for Discovering Christ 7 week series beginning Feb. 10 and continuing through the month of March. Pray that many will join the program and lives will be changed through encounter with Christ.
For those who meet today for Faith Formation, pray for the coordinators, catechists, and the children they teach that the knowledge and love of Christ would be imparted into the hearts and souls of the children.
Please pray for the candidates and catechumens as they prepare to be fully received into the Catholic Church that the Holy Spirit would touch their hearts, and they would grow in a personal relationship with Jesus.
Pray for those seeking membership to St. Joseph Catholic Community that they would embrace fully the community life here.
Pray for that the parents of the children to be baptized will live out their God-given responsibilities to raise their children in the Catholic faith.
Facilities Staff-Kathy Dorsey; Tom Schwartz Jr., Eddie Beane, Eric Borcherding.
For these 18-20 year olds who meet on this day to grow in friendship with Our Lord and one another, that this relationship will foster a true love of God that lives in their hearts and is shared with others.
Pray that the work of this Commission would be directed by the Holy Spirit for its future direction for our parish.
This group will be studying the Epistles of St. Paul. Pray for these men that God will open up for them the heart and mind of the apostle.
This is a group led by Bob and Diane Bastress at their home. It is a bible study, but also fellowship; pray that they will expand their outreach to those in their community that do not come to church.
Please pray for the inspiration of this Commission in leading our congregation to a deeper and more vibrant worship of God.
Chair: Christie Summerville, Vice Chair, Terry Morse, Secretary, Laura Bird, At Large members: Matt Antonishack, Frank Galli (Young Adult Rep), Carole Gauthier, Catherine Milstead, Christ Richelderfer, Josh theim, Jim Parker, Joselle Ruddle.
Pray for wisdom of this council to discern the will of God as aid the pastor in the leadership of the parish.
Pray for this group of women as they seek to grow in their spiritual life and outreach into the community.
Pray for God's wisdom and guidance in all these ministries that the Holy Spirit would inspire us to become an evangelistic parish.
Please pray that this group would discover creative ways to improve our welcoming and greeting of all people, led by the Holy Spirit, in the parish and the community.
Please pray that this Commission will motivate Christian formation at every level within our parish.
Pray for Fr. John and Madeline Jones as they plan the program for the new year; the Gospel of John and the Theology of the Body.
Pray especially for their spiritual growth, God's guidance, and purity, that they live the New Evangelization.
Leaders are Scott Turner, Patrick Boyd, Maria Milstead, Rachel Wandishin, and Rachael Reiter.
Please pray that this group of leaders would seek to put the resources of the parish at the service of God.
Please remember this group in your prayers as they seek to implement the parish plan with charity and the guidance of the Holy Spirit.
Please pray for the leadership of this ministry and to create a dynamic vision for this group of young families with small children.
Please remember this Connect Group as they seek to evangelize within the church.
Pray that this goose will get off the ground! And, that this group will find their faith enlivened and be able to go out and spread the Good News.
Please pray for these men and women to see their tasks as an opportunity to impart the beauty of our faith.
Please pray for this new group of women as they seek to grow in their faith.
Pray for this growing group of men as they work with Fr. John on Scripture study and Sunday readings. Pray for the formation of these men.
Please pray for those who are accompanying those in need within our midst.
We need to hold up this committee in prayer for wisdom in presenting our young people with the call of God in their lives to the priesthood and religious life.


text:
set -o errexit  # Exit with error on non-zero exit codes
set -o pipefail # Check the exit code of *all* commands in a pipeline
set -o nounset  # Error if accessing an unbound variable
set -x          # Print each command as it is run

export CLUSTER_NAME=test-mgmt-cluster
export PROJECT_ID=secretmanager-csi-build
export SECRET_STORE_VERSION=${SECRET_STORE_VERSION:-v1.0.0}
export GKE_VERSION=${GKE_VERSION:-STABLE}
export GCP_PROVIDER_SHA=${GITHUB_SHA:-main}
export USE_GKE_GCLOUD_AUTH_PLUGIN=True

# Build the driver image
gcloud builds submit --config scripts/cloudbuild-dev.yaml --substitutions=TAG_NAME=${GCP_PROVIDER_SHA} --project $PROJECT_ID

# Build test images for E2E testing
gcloud builds submit --config test/e2e/cloudbuild.yaml --substitutions=TAG_NAME=${GCP_PROVIDER_SHA} --project $PROJECT_ID test/e2e

export JOB_NAME="e2e-test-job-$(head /dev/urandom | base64 | tr -dc 'a-z' | head -c 8)"

# Start up E2E tests
gcloud container clusters get-credentials $CLUSTER_NAME --zone us-central1-c --project $PROJECT_ID
sed "s/\$GCP_PROVIDER_SHA/${GCP_PROVIDER_SHA}/g;s/\$PROJECT_ID/${PROJECT_ID}/g;s/\$JOB_NAME/${JOB_NAME}/g;s/\$SECRET_STORE_VERSION/${SECRET_STORE_VERSION}/g;s/\$GKE_VERSION/${GKE_VERSION}/g" \
    test/e2e/e2e-test-job.yaml.tmpl | kubectl apply -f -

# Wait until job start, then subscribe to job logs
# kubctl wait doesn't work if the resource doesnt exist yet, so poll for the pod
# https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/83242
until kubectl get pod -l job-name="${JOB_NAME}" -n e2e-test -o=jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}' >/dev/null 2>&1; do
    echo "Waiting for pod"
    sleep 1
done

kubectl wait pod --for=condition=ready -l job-name="${JOB_NAME}" -n e2e-test --timeout 2m
kubectl logs -n e2e-test -l job-name="${JOB_NAME}" -f | sed "s/^/TEST: /" &

while true; do
    if kubectl wait --for=condition=complete "job/${JOB_NAME}" -n e2e-test --timeout 0 > /dev/null 2>&1; then
        echo "Job completed"
        kubectl delete job "${JOB_NAME}" -n e2e-test
        exit 0
    fi

    if kubectl wait --for=condition=failed "job/${JOB_NAME}" -n e2e-test --timeout 0 > /dev/null 2>&1; then
        echo "Job failed"
        kubectl delete job "${JOB_NAME}" -n e2e-test
        exit 1
    fi

    sleep 60
done


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text:
Home / День в истории / Учреждено звание Героя Российской Федерации
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The title of Hero of the Russian Federation established
On 20 March 1992 under the Law of the Russian Federation 'On establishment of the title of Hero of the Russian Federation and the special decoration – the 'Golden Star' medal was established and put into effect the highest honorary title of Russia – the Hero of the Russian Federation.
The title is awarded by the President of the Russian Federation 'for services to the state and people implying a heroic deed'. Those conferred with the title are awarded with the 'Golden Star' medal (which bar bears the colors of the national flag; that is its difference from the former Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union), a letter of commendation and a certificate on the conferment of the Russian Federation Hero title.
For the first time the title of the Hero of RF was awarded on April 11, 1992 to Pilot-Cosmonaut S. K. Krikalyev who had made a space flight on the board of 'Mir' orbital station which had lasted for 312 days and to Major-General S. S. Oskanov (posthumously) who died while conducting a night flight.
A major group of Heroes of Russia is represented by the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War who were not awarded for their deeds for some reason or other with the stars of the Hero of the Soviet Union. The first to receive the title in 1994 were three female war veterans, two of them posthumously: secret service woman V. D. Voloshina and a flight commander E. V. Budanova. And the third title was given to L. I. Shulaykina who fought in assault aircraft of Baltic Navy.
Some of the awards were given for the exploits accomplished after the war which were neither awarded with the highest award of the USSR.
As at the beginning of 2011, there are over 970 holders of the title of the RF Hero. Over 440 of them were awarded posthumously.
Lit.: Государственные награды Российской Федерации: сайт. 1999. URL: http://award.adm.gov.ru/; Звание Героя Советского Союза [Электронный ресурс] // МГТУ им. Н. Э. Баумана. 1999-2010. URL: http://www.bmstu.ru/~fvo/data/ussr/ordens/high/heroussr.htm; Об установлении звания Герой Российской Федерации и учреждении знака особого отличия — медали «Золотая Звезда». 20 марта 1992 г. № 2553-I // Ведомости Съезда народных депутатов и Верховного Совета Российской Федерации. 2 апреля 1992 г., (№ 14), ст. 719; Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 7 сентября 2010 г. № 1099 «О мерах по совершенствованию государственной наградной системы Российской Федерации» // Российская газета. 15 сентября. 2010; То же [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.rg.ru/2010/09/15/nagrady-dok.html.