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What is Comparative Advantage?
The international trade theory of Comparative Advantage indicates the competence of a nation to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost compared to other trading agents. The comparative advantage looks at a relative cost of production rather than the overall monetary cost for the product.
The concept of comparative advantage majorly arises because a trading partner on the back of its competence in factors of production such as infrastructure, location, climate, labour skills, etc. holds an edge over the others during a trade. It shows the overall gains from the international transaction compared to an autarkic situation by identifying the opportunity cost.
Significantly, the choice between trading a good or producing the same has remained as a critical question for the economies. The doubt enquiring which trading agent should produce the product and which should export often assumes a centre stage for macroeconomic decisions. The simple answer to the dilemma would be that an economy which can produce a particular product at the lowest cost should involve in production. At the same time, other nations can import the product.
The concept of Absolute advantage is very much the same, which asserts that economies should involve in the trade of goods which they can produce at the lowest cost. However, what if out of the two nations, one holds an absolute advantage over both the products? Although Absolute Advantage theory in such case would discourage bilateral trade, the concept of comparative advantage indicates that how both economies mutually profit in such situations from trade.
Understanding Opportunity Cost
The economies possess a finite amount of resources, which can be employed to produce goods and services. The choice to create a particular good is accompanied by the sacrifice of options to make other goods and services using the same resources. The next best possible alternative which is foregone when opting for a production of a particular product or service is called Opportunity Cost for that product or service.
Production possibility frontier is used to understand the concept of Opportunity cost. The graph indicates the possible combinations of Good X and Good Y that can be produced in an economy at a given time.
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If an economy wants to increase the production of Product Y from Y1 to Y2, then it is required to reduce the production of Product X from X1 to X2. Thus, the Opportunity Cost for ΔY is ΔX.
Role of Opportunity Cost in Comparative Advantage
The decision to produce a particular product and import the other is made by taking into consideration the opportunity cost. The product in which the Opportunity cost of a product is comparatively higher is generally forfeited.
Understanding How Opportunity Cost is Beneficial to Both Trading Economies
Let us look at the case where two economies, say Germany and France are considering the trade of two products, A and B.
The table below indicates the number of products that are produced per resource input (here labour hours).
Looking at the production efficiency of Spain and Germany for both the products, it is clear that Germany holds an absolute advantage for both. In contrast, Spain is at Absolute Disadvantage in either case.
Thus, for mutually beneficial trade, as indicated by David Ricardo's theory, the commodity in which Spain has a lower comparative disadvantage is ascertained. It is done by the concept of Opportunity cost.
Spain's opportunity cost for Product A is 2/1 that is 2 while its Opportunity cost for Product B is ½, that is 0.5. Since the opportunity cost for Product B is lower for Spain, it will manufacture product B.
Similarly, for Germany, the Opportunity cost for Product A is 3/6, that is 0.5 while Opportunity cost for Product B is 6/3, that is 2. Thus, Germany would manufacture Product A.
The trade occurs between two countries, with Spain exporting 6 units of Product B to Germany in exchange of 6 units of Product A.
How Germany gets Benefitted from Trade
The resource invested by Germany to produce 6 units of Product A (6A) would have only produced 3 units of Product B. However, through the trade of 6As, Germany can get 6Bs. Thus, Germany is benefitting by 3 units of Product B.
How Spain Gets Benefitted from Trade
Spain is importing 6 units of Product A. Labour hours that would have been required to produce those many units of product A would produce 12 units of Product B. It is importing 6As in exchange for 6Bs. Meanwhile, the remaining 6Bs remains is the benefit for Spain. Thus, Spain can denote its resources to produce B.
Comparative advantage theory of David Ricardo
The earlier Theory by Adam Smith postulated that a beneficial bilateral trade is only possible when each of the two countries involved in a trade deal possesses an absolute advantage in one of the commodities. However, David Ricardo asserted that valuable trade between two economies is possible even if one of the countries is at an absolute advantage for both the entities.
David Ricardo's theory implies that despite a nation not able to produce either of the two commodities more efficiently than the second nation would benefit from international trade.
The opportunity cost of products for nations is compared to make production and trade decisions. In the case of comparative advantage, the economy produces that product where it has a lower opportunity cost than its trading partner.
Limitations of the Comparative Advantage Theory
The Comparative Advantage Theory is based on a specific set of consideration while it does address varying real-world scenarios, which altogether limits the scope of the theory. These include:
Assumption of a Simple Model
The Comparative Advantage Theory postulated by David Ricardo considers a simple model involving a trade of two products between two countries. However, the actual system is much more complex as a range of products and services are produced. Furthermore, the globalised trade scenario involves a web involving exchange of services and products across different nations.
Considering Trade in an Ideal Market Situation
An ideal market situation is assumed in theory for Comparative Advantage. Thus, the market is supposed to be perfectly competitive without the presence of any market imperfectness. Today's international trade scenario involves nations striving to promote their domestic producers to ensure trade surplus. However, in theory, no such barrier to entry is considered.
Transportation and other Expenditures during Trade
The cost consideration for the product does not take into account supporting costs such as transportation and other related expenditures that are involved in the shipment of a product. Thus, the whole picture of profits attained is not visible through the comparative advantage theory.
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Assassin's Creed Odyssey review: A scrappy triumph of world-building, play and Grecian character
After Assassin's Creed's successful shift to sprawling role-playing game with last year's Origins, Assassin's Creed Odyssey doubles down.
Tom Hoggins
5 October 2018 • 6:54pm
As far as nomenclature goes, the choosing of Odyssey for the latest Assassin's Creed is entirely fitting. This is an epically long, wandering journey across the islands of ancient Greece during the Peloponnesian War of 431BC. Assassin's Creed Odyssey can be a thrilling, testing and often attritional game, but is never less than full-blooded in its commitment to the substantial. And there is a whole quest line dedicated to Odysseus himself, just in case that moniker wasn't quite on the nose enough.
After Assassin's Creed's successful shift to sprawling role-playing game with last year's Origins, Assassin's Creed Odyssey doubles down. You have more influence over your character's actions, while gear, loot and skill trees are all expanded upon. Whether or not the approach floats your Grecian boat is a matter of taste, but it's hard to argue against the change breathing new life into a video game series that had started to wane.
A quirk of the Assassin's Creed present-day storyline allows you choose between one of two siblings, Kassandra or Alexios, descendants of the great Spartan warrior Leonidas. Whichever you choose, the story and your abilities remain the same, but Kassandra has been dubbed the 'canon' protagonist by Ubisoft and seems the obvious choice.
Played with delicious punch by Melissanthi Mehut, Kassandra is an orphaned mercenary on the small island of Kephallonia. And despite the lengthy game stretching out before you, Assassin's Creed Odyssey begins at a fair clip; throwing you into combat and introducing the game's mechanics with a briskness that Origins lacked. Before long Kassandra is at the helm of her own ship, voyaging the open seas in search of drachmae to be made picking sides in the war and discovering the truth about her lineage.
Nautical battles have thrilling exchanges of spears and arrows, while close quarters combat is improved too, with more weight and flexibility in skirmishes. As before you can loot a variety of different weapons, from swift daggers, to hulking hammers and rangy spears, with Kassandra's style adapting accordingly. While it isn't always the most precise of systems, the counter-attack is more capricious than you would like, there is both brutality and grace in your movements that make for effective battling.
Encounters are generally tentative and considered, your health can be easily sapped and enemy levels tend to rise in lockstep with your own. Special abilities unlocked through the game's three-branched skill tree give you an edge, a dashing stab, a triple arrow shot or, best of all, a Spartan kick that allows you to kite round opponents and boot them off cliffs.
Most of Assassin's Creed Odyssey's best and most disruptive abilities are unlocked early on but can be added to at a reasonable rate as you level up. But even with these boosts, basic combat can be hard-going. Particularly with the 'mercenaries' that stalk the map, hunting you down if you are caught killing soldiers or plundering loot, or if you attempt to take on enemies at a higher level than your own.
All of the indications and icons are there to make you aware of your current abilities but, even so, I am not convinced the difficulty balance is quite right. Despite being relatively capable at melee combat, I'm not ashamed to admit I knocked Assassin's Creed Odyssey down to Easy on occasion to take some of the attritional edge off the combat. And even that threw up its challenges.
Better, then, to try and thin numbers if you are assaulting an enemy household. Stealth is a more trustworthy approach in Odyssey than it was in Origins, creeping through bushes or along rooftops with a sharp spear head and bow and arrows. Using Kassandra's athleticism to scamper across walls to keep out of sight and get the drop on your enemies is endlessly satisfying.
Again you can only assassinate enemies of a similar level to your own, but the game will tell you if you are aiming for a kill or an attack that takes enough of a chunk from your opponent's health bar to give you an advantage. Just make sure no-one else is around.
The three pillars of close combat, stealth and sailing form the backbone of Assassin's Creed Odyssey's mechanics, each with their own strengths and foibles. And all upgradeable, of course. But it is into the world and wider structure that they thread that both makes and breaks Assassin's Creed Odyssey.
The ancient Greek islands are a thorough delight to explore, whether on foot or horseback, vivid with bright colours and baking sun in the day and sweeping stars and glistening moonlight kissing high tides at night. Towns are ornately designed, with buildings that vary from haphazard stone dwellings to grand houses with brightly coloured pillars, while giant statues are ripe for clambering on for the sheer fun of it. Yes, even including Zeus' delicates.
While there perhaps aren't locations as startlingly arresting as Origins' Pyramids of Giza, say, the density of Greece's individual islands and topographical diversity make it a pleasure to wander. It helps that the game has a recommended 'Exploration mode' that scale back the map icons and hand-holding, but it's rarely long before you are distracted by a tantalising cave opening promising treasure, or a enemy encampment ready to plunder for fresh weapons and armour. (Which look fabulous by the way; one of my greatest Odyssey pleasures is finding a new splendidly carved cuirass or helmet to wear.)
Kassandra is terrific company too, with her spiky belligerence and unshakeable confidence open to a little bit of player interpretation. You can make dialogue decisions within the game, choosing to help or hinder, show mercy or ruthlessness.
Occasionally actions will open up different questlines, or have a wider effect on the story. Not to spoil anything, but early quest decisions can come back on you hours later, with both narrative and mechanical consequences.
Romance is also on the cards, with both Kassandra and Alexios being extremely liberal with their love interests. Though this is handled clumsily for the most part, not breaking video games' fair hopeless record with romance, the lightness of touch in much of the writing in Assassin's Creed Odyssey make its amourous distractions endearing rather than awkward.
Most significantly, though, you can also pick sides in the Peloponnesian War, siding with Sparta or Athens as you disrupt regions to trigger sprawling Conquest battles. While an early story mission dictates you working for Sparta, you can flip flop as you move through the islands, destroying supplies and assassinating commanders. How you behave will affect how different factions react to your presence and will eventually have an impact on the story's finale.
There is a lot of good stuff to unpack in Assassin's Creed Odyssey. It is a game that does not lack for ambition. But, and it's a big but, its scope can come at a cost Ubisoft occasionally struggles to pay.
Its sheer size means that the story can often feel spread too thin. While there is never a lack of things to do in Assassin's Creed Odyssey, you can spend a great deal of time trying to further the plot and find you are spinning its wheels.
Objectives can often be busywork, seemingly designed to buff the hours worth of gameplay. It is an understandable approach; single-player games in particular need to be seen to show their worth in terms of longevity in this age of 'games as a service', but it can come at the cost of pacing and forward momentum of an otherwise interesting story. I will be the first to admit I am yet to see the credits roll on Assassin's Creed Odyssey, despite sinking many hours in.
More pressingly, Assassin's Creed Odyssey's wealth of systems can bump into each other and start to wobble. One rather farcical instance had me working exclusively for a Spartan general, with me disrupting Athenian presence in the area. But when I finished my tasks and went to report in, I couldn't go into camp without being attacked by Spartan soldiers, despite me having no dust-ups (to my knowledge) with them until this point.
The mercenaries too, can be a frustrating nuisance as much as an interesting distraction. They have their own ranks you can work through, finding them across Greece, hunting them down and looting their fresh cadaver for special equipment. However, when you have a bounty on your head they show up at the most inappropriate junctures. During a boss fight, or while creeping through an enemy encampment for instance.
I understand the jeopardy intended by leaving your bounty open, but even Ubisoft seem to acknowledge they can be a simple irritation by allowing you to buy off all your bounties for a relatively trifling amount of drachmae from the map screen.
There is just a slight sense of scrappiness to an otherwise gorgeously crafted world. Which has historically come with the territory in Assassin's Creed, to be frank, so to see one of this scope wobble here and there is not necessarily a surprise.
At its best, though, Assassin's Creed Odyssey is the finest the series has ever been, building on the role-playing roots laid down by Origins. An occasionally scruffy triumph of historical world-building, play and, perhaps most importantly, Grecian character.
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Hauling timber from Paraguay to Buenos Aires, truck driver Rubén (Germán de Silva) is lumbered with two passengers. Rubén is the sort of person who shies from human contact. He doesn't want to interact with Jacinta (Hebe Duarte) and her baby Anahí (Nayra Calle Mamani). Over the course of the film Anahí brings him out of his shell, just a little.
Las Acacias is a slow subtle film which focuses on the interaction of the three main characters within the bubble of the truck's cab. It is characterised by long static shots from inside the cab. The camera lingers on Rubén, Jacinta and Anahí and on the endless flatness of the landscape.
Dialogue is sparse. The film captures the tedium of long distance travel without becoming boring. It makes the mundane (driving, sleeping) strangely interesting. Rubén has used the isolation of travel, the solitary life driving in order to avoid human contact. For whatever reason, Rubén has cut himself off from his family and is wary of contact with others. As the film progresses he is drawn out by the adorable Anahí. The baby distracts him from driving and starts to break down his self imposed barriers. He starts to realise what in life he has missed. He gets to the point at which he offers to share mate with Jacinta, an act that is both sociable and common in Argentina. He overcomes enough of his shyness to interact a little with someone who is a stranger.
There is a growing sexual tension in the film as Jacinta, who has her own unspoken troubles, and Rubén start to interact. Throughout the film you have the expectation that something dramatic is going to happen. Maybe something will happen on the road or maybe something will happen between Rubén and Jacinta. Yet the film never strays beyond the ordinary: a nappy needs changed or Rubén needs to stop for a smoke.
Las Acacias will not appeal to everyone but if you are in mood for a slow and pensive character piece with an uplifting ending then this film will satisfy.


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River Ave. Blues » Jose Pirela
The Up & Down Position Players [2015 Season Review]
Run run Rico. (Presswire)
The big league roster portion of our 2015 Season Review series is winding down, and now it's time to wrap-up the position players with the extras. The up-and-down guys who saw brief time in the Bronx this year. Every team goes through a few of these players each season and the Yankees are no different. Here are the final few position players who saw action in pinstripes in 2015.
Cole Figueroa
Last offseason the Yankees inked Figueroa to a minor league contract because they needed some infield depth in Triple-A. They didn't have any obvious shortstop or third base options for the level, so Figueroa was brought in. He played a bunch in Spring Training — .269/.321/.308 in 23 Grapefruit League games — but never really had a chance to make the team, so off to Triple-A Scranton he went at the end of camp.
Figueroa, 28, started the season as the everyday third baseman for the RailRiders, and he had himself a nice little start to the season: .291/.357/.382 (118 wRC+) with two home runs in 68 games through June. He's not a power hitter, he's a contact guy — Figueroa had a 5.4% strikeout rate and an 8.6% walk rate in those 68 games — and he was holding up his end of the bargain.
In early July, when Chase Headley was dealing with a minor calf issue, the Yankees called up Figueroa because his left-handed bat and solid defense made him a capable stopgap. Figueroa started two games with New York, going 2-for-4 with two doubles on July 9th and 0-for-4 on July 10th. Those two doubles helped the Yankees take the lead then tack on some insurance runs in an eventual win over the Athletics.
The Yankees sent Figueroa back to Triple-A after those two games and he remained there the rest of the season, playing mostly shortstop. He was designated for assignment on September 1st to clear 40-man roster spot for other call-ups. Figueroa finished the year with a .292/.355/.359 (108 wRC+) batting line and more walks (8.7%) than strikeouts (5.3%) in 121 Triple-A games. He became a minor league free agent after the season. It wasn't much, but Figueroa did help the Yankees win a game in 2015.
Rico Noel
Noel, who spent the 2010-15 seasons in the Padres' farm system, asked San Diego for his release in June because he wanted to look for a better opportunity. According to Billy Witz, he approached the Yankees about a possible pinch-running role in September. The team agreed and signed him to a minor league deal even though it was the middle of the summer.
Noel, 26, spent a few weeks with Double-A Trenton and Triple-A Scranton, rarely starting. He was instead getting accustomed to his September role. The Yankees used Noel as a pinch-runner and spot starter in the minors — Noel was an everyday guy for most of his career and they wanted him to get used to sitting on the bench all game before coming in to pinch-run — before calling him up on September 1st. He went 5-for-50 (.100) with 13 steals in 17 attempts in the minors.
Noel made his big league debut on September 2nd, but not as a pinch-runner, as a defensive replacement in right field. His lineup spot came up with a runner on third and two outs in the eighth inning of a hectic back and forth game at Fenway Park, and with Noel literally standing in the batter's box, Joe Girardi called him back to the dugout for a pinch-hitter. It worked, the run was driven in, but man, that's harsh. Noel was in the batter's box for his first MLB at-bat when he was lifted.
Over the next few weeks Rico was limited to pinch-running duty only. He pinch-ran 12 times in the final month of the season, going 5-for-7 in stolen base attempts and scoring five runs. Noel was successful in each of his first five attempts. He finally got his first big league at-bat on October 3rd, on the second to last day of the season. Rico beat out an infield single for his first career hit.
Noel batted again in Game 162, so he went 1-for-2 for the Yankees and stole five bases in a dozen pinch-running assignments. He was on the wildcard game roster but the team didn't generate much offense against Dallas Keuchel and the Astros, so Rico didn't get into the game. The Yankees dropped Noel from the 40-man roster after the season and he elected free agency. He remains unsigned.
Gregorio Petit
Thanks to a sudden rash of injuries, the Yankees were short a utility infielder at the end of Spring Training, so they made a cash trade with the Astros to get Petit on April 1st, five days before Opening Day. The 30-year-old Petit made the Opening Day roster and actually played. He started seven of the team's first 15 games (!) and pinch-hit three other times. April was weird.
Girardi used Petit as a platoon partner for Stephen Drew and he didn't hit (3-for-20 in those 15 games), which wasn't unexpected. Petit's a glove-first infielder who happened to hit right-handed. He did, however, come up with a rather big bases clearing double against David Price and the Tigers on April 22nd. Unexpected!
Petit was optioned to Triple-A Scranton on April 28th to make room for spot starter Chase Whitley, then he was called back the next day when Masahiro Tanaka landed on the DL. He hung around until early-May, when he himself was placed on the DL with a right hand contusion after being hit by a pitch. When Petit was activated almost six weeks later, the Yankees sent him to Triple-A.
Petit spent most of the rest of the season with the RailRiders but he did make another big league cameo in late-June and early-July. The Yankees eventually designated Petit for assignment on July 25th, clearing a 40-man roster spot for Nick Goody. Petit cleared waivers and accepted his outright assignment, then spent the rest of the summer with the RailRiders.
In 20 games with the Yankees, Petit went 7-for-42 (.167) with three doubles and 16 strikeouts while playing second and third bases. He also hit .230/.264/.322 (65 wRC+) in 46 Triple-A games. Petit became a minor league free agent after the season. Can't imagine many have gone from a non-roster invitee with the Astros to the Yankees' Opening Day roster in the span of five days like Petit.
Jose Pirela
When Brendan Ryan went down with a calf injury in Spring Training, it opened the door for the 26-year-old Pirela to make the Opening Day roster. He had a monster camp — .370/.433/.630 in 15 Grapefruit League games — before crashing into the center field wall and hitting his head on the warning track near the end of spring.
Your browser does not support iframes. Pirela suffered a concussion and missed the first six weeks of the regular season. His injury plus Ryan's injury led to the Petit pickup. Pirela, an infielder by trade, had plenty of outfield experience in the minors and winter ball, he just got turned around and landed hard. Sucks.
Once he returned to the team, Pirela more or less replaced Petit as Drew's platoon partner, and he hit quite well in limited time. At least at first. He went 5-for-14 (.357) in his first four games before falling into a 6-for-29 (.207) slump. Pirela's not a great defender anywhere on the field, so if he's not hitting, he has no value to the Yankees. The team sent him to Triple-A in mid-June.
Pirela spent most of the rest of the summer in Triple-A, though he did get another chance in late-June/early-July, going 3-for-23 (.130) in eleven games. He was called up when rosters expanded in September and went 3-for-8 (.375) down the stretch. He was the pinch-hitter who replaced Noel in what would have been Rico's first at-bat. On October 4th, Pirela grounded out to second base against Zach Britton for the final out of the 2015 regular season.
All told, Pirela hit .230/.247/.311 (47 wRC+) with one homer in 37 games and 78 plate appearances for the Yankees this summer. That includes a .302/.333/.419 (106 wRC+) batting line in 45 plate appearances against southpaws. Pirela played second base and the two corner outfield spots for New York, and also hit .325/.390/.433 (142 wRC+) in 60 Triple-A games.
The Yankees traded Pirela to the Padres for minor league righty Ronald Herrera early last month. Brian Cashman admitted the move was made to clear 40-man roster space. Rather than designate Pirela for assignment and potentially lose him for nothing, they flipped him for a non-40-man roster pitching prospect. If nothing else, the Pirela trade shows the Yankees are pretty confident in Rob Refsnyder as the primary right-handed hitting second base option.
Special shout-out goes to outfielder Taylor Dugas, who was called up to the big leagues for two days this summer but didn't actually play. Carlos Beltran was nursing an oblique strain, and the Yankees didn't want to place him on the 15-day DL just yet, but they couldn't recall Ramon Flores because he'd just been sent down and the ten-day rule was still in effect. Dugas, who hit .235/.336/.279 (84 wRC+) in 82 minor league games in 2015, got the call instead.
The 25-year-old Dugas was added to the 40-man roster and called up on July 1st, optioned down on July 3rd, designated for assignment July 9th, and outrighted to Double-A Trenton on July 12nd. Sounds crummy, but two days in the bigs is a huge deal for a organizational player like Dugas. He got two days of big league pay (roughly $5,600!) and now has access to a great health care program for himself and his family for life. No, Dugas didn't get to play, but those two days changed his life for the better.
Filed Under: Players Tagged With: 2015 Season Review, Cole Figueroa, Gregorio Petit, Jose Pirela, Rico Noel, Taylor Dugas
Yankees trade utility man Jose Pirela to Padres for righty Ronald Herrera
November 11, 2015 by Mike Leave a Comment
(San Diego Union Tribune)
The Yankees have traded utility man Jose Pirela to the Padres for right-hander Ronald Herrera, the team announced. Herrera is not on the 40-man roster, so the Yankees clear a spot with the trade. They now have 38 players on the 40-man roster.
Herrera, 20, had a 4.08 ERA (4.13 FIP) with a 16.8% strikeout rate and a 6.8% walk rate in 145.2 innings between High-A and Double-A last season. Pretty impressive he reached Double-A and held up under such a big workload at such a young age. San Diego originally acquired Herrera from the Athletics in the Kyle Blanks deal a few years ago.
Baseball America did not rank Herrera among the Padres' top 30 prospects in their 2015 Prospect Handbook. MLB.com didn't have him in the team's top 30 either. Here's a snippet of Baseball America's scouting report from their free trade write-up:
Herrera's not particularly physical, standing only 5-foot-10, and does not have much projection left, but he's very athletic with an easy-to-repeat delivery. With the fastball, he shows above-average command to both sides of the plate and touched 94 mph while sitting 90-93. Herrera also throws a cutter and a big, soft curveball. But the change this season came when Herrera began to trust the fastball more, setting up the cutter and curve, instead of trying to trick hitters, as one evaluator said … Herrera doesn't miss many bats but doesn't walk many and limits damage.
Pirela, 25, has hit .255/.275/.367 (72 wRC+) in 44 games and 103 plate appearances with the Yankees over the last two seasons. He's mashed at the Triple-A level — .311/.362/.435 in 195 games — and offers versatility, but he's not a good fielder and probably isn't anything better than a right-handed bench bat. If nothing else, this shows the Yankees feel comfortable with Rob Refsnyder as a second base option.
Players have to be added to the 40-man roster by next Friday to be protected from the Rule 5 Draft, and Pirela seemed like a possible roster casualty to clear space. Rather than drop him from the roster and lose him for nothing, the Yankees turned him into a slightly interesting non-40-man arm. Not much more to say than that.
Filed Under: Transactions Tagged With: Jose Pirela, Ronald Herrera
Workout Day Notes: Eovaldi, Capuano, Shreve, Beltran
October 5, 2015 by Mike Leave a Comment
Your browser does not support iframes. Your browser does not support iframes. Today is an off-day around baseball, but both the Yankees and Astros held a workout at Yankee Stadium this afternoon. Needless to say, CC Sabathia checking into rehab was the big story. Everyone in the organization stood behind him, from Brian Cashman to Joe Girardi to his teammates. "We play for CC now," said Alex Rodriguez.
While Sabathia's announcement dominated the workout today, there is some other news and notes to pass along. Here's the important stuff from today's workout:
Nathan Eovaldi faced hitters during a simulated game today. He was originally scheduled to throw a 35-pitch bullpen session. Everything went well and Eovaldi said he expects to be ready to go as a reliever should the Yankees advance to the ALDS. [Chad Jennings, Meredith Marakovits, Joe Lemire]
Chris Capuano, Caleb Cotham, Nick Rumbelow, Branden Pinder, and Jose Pirela confirmed they are not on the wildcard game roster. Nick Goody and Chris Martin also had their lockers cleared out, indicating they're not on the roster either. Cotham, Rumbelow, Pinder, and Pirela will go to Tampa to work out and stay sharp in case they're needed later in the postseason. Capuano will remain with the team in New York. [Jennings, Brendan Kuty]
Also not on the wildcard game roster: Chasen Shreve. Hard to believe given how good he was in the first half. Based on all that, it appears James Pazos, Andrew Bailey, and Bryan Mitchell will be in the wildcard game bullpen alongside Andrew Miller, Dellin Betances, Justin Wilson, and Adam Warren. [Marly Rivera]
Both Slade Heathcott and Rico Noel said they believe they are on the wildcard game roster. Also, the Yankees have at least tossed around the idea of starting John Ryan Murphy and Chris Young tomorrow night because Dallas Keuchel dominates lefties. [Jennings, Buster Olney]
Brian Cashman said the Yankees hope to replace departed assistant GM Billy Eppler internally, but they will also look outside the organization "because there are some talented people out there." [Joel Sherman]
MLB announced the wildcard game umpire crew: Eric Cooper will be behind home plate, Paul Emmel at first, Ted Barrett at second, Bill Miller at second, Chris Conroy in left, and Manny Gonzalez in right. Barrett is the crew chief.
And finally, Carlos Beltran left today's workout early because his wife went into labor. Congrats to the Beltrans on the new baby. He'll be back and in the lineup tomorrow. [Rivera]
The wildcard game rosters do not have to be made official until 10am ET tomorrow. An official announcement should come around that time.
Filed Under: Playoffs Tagged With: Billy Eppler, Branden Pinder, Brian Cashman, Caleb Cotham, Carlos Beltran, Chasen Shreve, Chris Capuano, Chris Martin, Chris Young, John Ryan Murphy, Jose Pirela, Nathan Eovaldi, Nick Goody, Nick Rumbelow, Rico Noel, Slade Heathcott
Building the Wildcard Game Roster: Position Players
September 30, 2015 by Mike Leave a Comment
The Yankees are in position to clinch a wildcard spot very soon, possibly tonight, so it's time to start thinking about the wildcard game roster. Earlier today we sorted through the pitching staff, trying to figure out which ten or eleven pitchers the Yankees will carry in the wildcard game. It was easier said than done.
Ten or eleven pitchers — my guess is ten, but you never know — leaves 14-15 position player spots to fill. Joe Girardi will have a decent-sized bench at his disposal, but ideally it won't come into play too much. The starting lineup will decide the game. As we did with the pitchers, let's go through the position player group and try to figure out who will be on the wildcard game roster next Tuesday.
The Locks
This is the easy part …
Catcher: Brian McCann, John Ryan Murphy
First Base: Greg Bird
Second Base: ???
Shortstop: Didi Gregorius
Third Base: Chase Headley
Outfield: Brett Gardner, Jacoby Ellsbury, Carlos Beltran
Designated Hitter: Alex Rodriguez
That's nine of the 14-15 position player spots right there and they're all self-explanatory right? Right. That is eighth-ninths of the starting lineup and the backup catcher. All easy calls. Next.
For most of the summer, Stephen Drew and Brendan Ryan platooned at second base. That is no longer the case. Drew has been dealing with some dizziness/concussion issues that may end his season, but even before that Dustin Ackley wrestled the starting job away from him. Ackley got some playing time, hit right away, and he's continued to play against right-handers.
Meanwhile, Rob Refsnyder has started each of the Yankees' last four games against left-handed starters, not Ryan. Chances are Refsnyder will start against lefties Wade Miley, Rich Hill, and Wei-Yin Chen the next three days too. Like Ackley, he got a few at-bats, got some hits, and has received more playing time. That Drew/Ryan platoon was together for 140 games or so. The last 16 have gone to Ackley/Refsnyder.
Smackley. (Presswire)
At this point there is no doubt Ackley will be on the wildcard roster. The rest of the guys is where it gets tricky. Refsnyder is starting against lefties, but would the Yankees actually start him in the wildcard game if they face, say, Dallas Keuchel or Scott Kazmir or Cole Hamels? I get the sense Girardi would stick with Ackley in that situation and just roll with his best player.
If Refsnyder's not going to start the game, then what's his role? Pinch-hitter against a lefty reliever. That's all. I guess he could pinch-run too, but there figure to be other guys on the roster to do that. Refsnyder's not going to come in for defense. Pinch-hitter against a lefty is a big deal though! It could be the difference in the late-innings of a close game. Given the extra bench spots, I think Refsnyder's in.
With Ackley and Refsnyder on the roster, the Yankees will need to carry a shortstop-capable backup infielder. Neither of those guys can play short. Not even in an emergency. That leaves a spot for Drew or Ryan. In a vacuum, I'd take Drew over Ryan eight days a week and twice on Sundays. But Drew isn't healthy and we shouldn't count on him getting healthy before the wildcard game. He's still dealing with this dizziness/concussion stuff and has been for almost two weeks now. That puts Ryan on the wildcard game roster along with Ackley and Refsnyder.
The Pinch-Runner
Rico Noel will be on the wildcard game roster. I'm sure of it. One of the benefits of shrinking the pitching staff in the postseason is creating an open roster spot for someone just like Noel. A burner who can come off the bench to pinch-run in the late innings of a close game. Look at Rico run:
Your browser does not support iframes. The kid can fly and his speed can potentially have a huge impact in the wildcard game. The Yankees brought Noel up this month strictly to pinch-run and I fully expect him to be on the postseason roster. Remember, they carried Freddy Guzman on the postseason roster in 2009 for this exact reason. Noel's on the wildcard roster. I have no doubt about it.
(Since he wasn't called up until September 1st, Noel will technically have to be an injury replacement. The Yankees have two position player injury spots available thanks to Mark Teixeira and Mason Williams.)
The Backup Outfielder
Noel will be on the wildcard game roster but he's not really a backup outfielder. He's a pinch-runner and that's all. (The scouting reports indicate Noel is a pretty good defender, but the Yankees haven't used him defensively all that much.) The Yankees will still need to carry a legitimate backup outfielder if for no other reason than to replace Beltran for defense in the late innings. Chris Young, who is the only righty hitting outfielder on the roster, held that job all season and I expect him to be on the wildcard roster. I know he's stumped lately, but there's no reason to think the Yankees won't carry Young in October. In fact, I'm not sure how you can look at the 39-man active roster and saying Young doesn't belong on the wildcard game roster. He's in.
The Final Roster Spot
We still have one last roster spot to fill. The nine locks above plus Ackley, Refsnyder, Ryan, Noel, and Young gets us to 14 position players. I suppose the Yankees could carry eleven pitchers, but I doubt it. It was hard enough coming up with ten pitchers worth a spot on the wildcard roster. One last position player makes sense.
There's no point in carrying three catchers, so Austin Romine and Gary Sanchez are out. The remaining candidates are Jose Pirela and Slade Heathcott, assuming Drew is indeed done for the year. With Refsnyder on the roster, there's no need for Pirela, another righty hitter. Yeah, Pirela can play the outfield if necessary, but he's an emergency option out there only. Noel and Ackley are available as emergency outfielders. I also think Pirela would have played more this month if he was a serious wildcard game roster candidate.
Slade. (Presswire)
That leaves it between Heathcott and a possibly but not likely healthy Drew. If Drew is not over high dizziness/concussion symptoms by next week, this questioned gets answered for us. In the unlikely event Drew is healthy though, would it make sense to carry another infielder or another outfielder? I think an extra outfielder makes more sense. Between Ackley, Refsnyder, and Ryan, you've got the second base starter and two backups. The only backup outfielder is Young considering Noel's job is pinch-running.
Heathcott gives the Yankees another potential pinch-runner — he's no Rico, but he's faster than Young or Refsnyder — and another quality defender, as well as a left-handed bat on the bench. In fact, Drew and Slade are the only possible lefty bats off the bench, and one's hurt. Besides, if Drew is healthy, it's Ryan or Heathcott, not Drew or Heathcott. I'd take Heathcott over Ryan.
With Slade on the roster, the Yankees would have two backup infielders even without Drew (or Ryan), and Heathcott at least has a chance to contribute offensively and defensively. I mean, if Drew's healthy and on the roster, what's the point of Ryan? What does he offer in a winner-take-all game? I'd expect neither guy to actually play in the game, but, if pressed into action, it's easy to see Slade having more potential impact than Ryan.
So after all of that, here's the 25-man wildcard game roster we've kinda sorta pieced together today:
Catchers (2)
Infielders (7)
Outfielders (6)
LHP (5)
McCann Bird Gardner Masahiro Tanaka (SP) Andrew Miller
Murphy Ackley Ellsbury Dellin Betances Justin Wilson
Gregorius Beltran Adam Warren Chasen Shreve
Headley Young Andrew Bailey Chris Capuano
A-Rod (DH) Heathcott Nova/Severino/Pineda CC Sabathia
Refsnyder Noel (PR)
Drew/Ryan
Remember, the Yankees can change their 25-man roster prior to the ALDS should they advance, and they'll have to change it too. They'd need to get more starting pitchers on the roster. Let's not get ahead of ourselves though. One thing at a time.
That appears to be the best 25-man roster the Yankees can carry in the wildcard game. Maybe not the most talented, but the most useful given the circumstances. We're not planning for a best-of-five or best-of-seven series. It's one game. One stupid little game where anything can happen. Hopefully Girardi won't have to use anyone beyond the nine starting position players, Beltran's defensive replacement, Tanaka, and the big three relievers. That's the best case scenario. If the Yankees need to dip any deeper into their wildcard game roster than that, then, well, just hang on tight.
Filed Under: Players, Playoffs Tagged With: Alex Rodriguez, Brendan Ryan, Brett Gardner, Brian McCann, Carlos Beltran, Chase Headley, Chris Young, Didi Gregorius, Dustin Ackley, Greg Bird, Jacoby Ellsbury, John Ryan Murphy, Jose Pirela, Rico Noel, Rob Refsnyder, Slade Heathcott, Stephen Drew
Bailey, Refsnyder, Romine among first wave of September call-ups
September 1, 2015 by Mike Leave a Comment
Bailey. (MLB.com)
11:45am ET: To clear the three 40-man roster spots, the Yankees transferred Domingo German to the 60-day DL and designated both Tyler Austin and Cole Figueroa for assignment, the team announced. German, who is out following Tommy John surgery, was technically called up to MLB for the first time and placed on the DL. He'll get big league pay for a month. Good for him. Austin has had a poor year (92 wRC+) and the Yankees have a ton of upper level outfield depth. That made him expendable.
9:30am ET: Following last night's loss, the Yankees announced their first wave of September call-ups, and the list runs eight players deep. They wasted no time beefing up the roster. The eight players: catcher Austin Romine, infielder Rob Refsnyder, outfielder Rico Noel, utility men Dustin Ackley and Jose Pirela, righties Andrew Bailey and Caleb Cotham, and lefty James Pazos. They'll all be active tonight.
Technically, Ackley is being activated off the 15-day DL. He's missed the last month or so with a back problem and had been rehabbing with Triple-A Scranton the last few days. Everyone else was simply called up. Refsnyder, Pirela, and Cotham were all up earlier this year while both Bailey and Romine have been up in previous years. Noel and Pazos are big leaguers for the first time.
Bailey, 31, has not pitched in MLB since July 2013 due to a biceps injury and shoulder capsule surgery. The Yankees signed him prior to last season knowing he was unlikely to pitch, rehabbed him, brought him back this year, and will now hopefully be rewarded for their patience. Bailey had a 1.80 ERA (2.87 FIP) with good strikeout (29.8%) and walk (7.8 BB%) numbers in 35 minor league innings this year.
It'll be interesting to see how Joe Girardi uses Bailey this month. He's not the typical September call-up fodder — this a former All-Star, remember. His minor league performance was good and I'm sure the team's reports on his stuff were good too, otherwise he wouldn't have gotten called up. Will Bailey step right in and assume a late-inning role or be eased back into things? We'll see. He'll remain under team control as an arbitration-eligible player in 2016, by the way.
Pazos, 24, was the team's 13th round pick in the 2012 draft. He would have been Rule 5 Draft eligible after the season, so the Yankees are getting a head start on things by adding him to the 40-man roster. Pazos had a 1.27 ERA (2.39 FIP) with a good strikeout rate (28.8%) and a perhaps too high walk rate (8.8%) in 42.2 minor league innings this year.
The southpaw is a hard-thrower — PitchFX data from the 2013 Arizona Fall League says Pazos averaged 94.3 mph and topped out at 96.4 mph — with a good slider, so he's an actual prospect. A bullpen prospect, but a prospect nonetheless. Pazos has a little funk in his delivery too. Here's some video:
With Andrew Miller, Justin Wilson, and Chasen Shreve ahead of Pazos on the left-handed reliever depth chart, I expect Pazos to work in super low-leverage spots this months. This is just to get his feet wet at the big league level so he can prepare to ride the bullpen shuttle next season. Phil Coke turned a 2008 September call-up into a 2009 MLB roster spot. Pazos will try to do the same.
The 26-year-old Noel will be the team's pinch-running specialist down the stretch. Maybe he'll play some late-inning defense too, but nothing more. He is the 2015 version of 2009 Freddy Guzman. Pirela, Cotham, Romine, Ackley, and Refsnyder are all spare parts. Romine will be the barely used third catcher and Cotham will soak up garbage time innings. I suppose Pirela and/or Refsnyder could take second base platoon at-bats away from Brendan Ryan.
The eight call-ups require the Yankees to clear three 40-man roster spots. Refsnyder, Ackley, Pirela, and Cotham are all already on the 40-man, plus the team has one open spot after designating Chris Capuano for assignment the other day. The Capuano spot will go to one of Noel, Bailey, Romine, or Pazos. The Yankees need to clear 40-man spots for the other three. Those moves will be announced later today.
The fact Slade Heathcott, Chris Martin, and Cole Figueroa were not called up from Triple-A Scranton suggests they may be on the chopping block. Tyler Austin was not called up from Double-A Trenton, though that wasn't surprising. Jacob Lindgren (elbow) and Domingo German (elbow) could be called up and placed on the 60-day DL, which would clear 40-man spots but also allow them to accrue service time.
Either way, the Yankees suddenly have a nine-man bench — well, eight-man bench with Mark Teixeira sidelined — and a ten-man bullpen. It'll become a 12-man bullpen in a few days when Nick Goody and Nick Rumbelow are recalled. (They were sent down last week and can not be brought back for ten days.) The Yankees wasted no time making their call-ups. The regulars are still going to play everyday because the team is in a division race, but the extra bodies have arrived.
Filed Under: Transactions Tagged With: Andrew Bailey, Austin Romine, Caleb Cotham, Cole Figueroa, Domingo German, Dustin Ackley, James Pazos, Jose Pirela, Rico Noel, Rob Refsnyder, Tyler Austin
Yankees have no shortage of candidates for September call-ups this year
August 20, 2015 by Mike Leave a Comment
Didi and Slade. (Presswire)
Twelve days from now, the Yankees and every other team in baseball will be able to expand their rosters and carry up to 40 active players. September call-ups are somewhat controversial, lots of people don't like seeing the final month of the season played with different rules, but I'm a fan of expanded rosters. Players get worn down during the course of the season, so the extra bodies in September are welcome.
For the 2015 Yankees, expanded rosters will be about much more than adding a third catcher or some spare arms for blowouts. They will be in position to add some real weapons to the roster even though most call-ups will be used in limited roles. Still, adding the extra players will be very beneficial. The Yankees have used their depth quite a bit this season and next month they'll be able to have everyone on the roster at once.
During an interview with YES over the weekend, Brian Cashman said the player development staff has been told to prepare for mass call-ups on September 1st, so the Yankees won't waste any time. They're not going to wait for the Triple-A postseason to end or anything like that. The big league team is the priority and the Yankees are going to call guys up as soon as possible. Here's a breakdown of who we will and could see next month.
Locks To Be Called Up
During that YES interview, Cashman said "any and all" of the relievers who have been shuttled up and down this summer will return in September, and it's a long list. Caleb Cotham, Nick Goody, Branden Pinder, and Nick Rumbelow are the notables. (Rumbelow is up right now but that could change in a day or two the way things have been going this year.) Those are four extra arms on the 40-man roster who will be able to soak up any miscellaneous innings.
On the position player side, Slade Heathcott and Jose Pirela are safe bets to be called up to serve as the extra outfielder and extra infielder, respectively. Both are still on the 40-man and were up earlier this year — Pirela was sent down due to performance, Heathcott got hurt — and both offer different things. Heathcott adds speed and defense, Pirela offers versatility and another right-handed bat. Heck, I wouldn't be completely surprised if Heathcott snuck onto the potential postseason roster as a pinch-running specialist.
Called Up If Healthy
Bryan Mitchell was just placed on the 7-day concussion DL after taking a line drive to the face, though earlier this week Joe Girardi told Chad Jennings there's a chance Mitchell will be back in the bullpen within a week. That sounds … optimistic. Either way, Mitchell will be on the roster in September if he's healthy. No reason to expect otherwise. He's been on the 25-man roster for a big chunk of the year already.
Righty Chris Martin and lefty Jacob Lindgren are both on the Triple-A DL with elbow problems and figure to return in September, if healthy. Lindgren had surgery to remove bone spurs and the Yankees have said they expect him to return this year, so it's just a question of whether he gets through his rehab in one piece. The nature of Martin's injury is unknown. We're just going to have to wait and see whether he's healthy and able to pitch in September.
The Obligatory Third Catcher
Cashman confirmed the Yankees will call-up a third catcher because duh. Every team brings up a third catcher. The only catcher on the 40-man roster aside from Brian McCann and John Ryan Murphy is Gary Sanchez, who has hit a bit of a wall with Triple-A Scranton after crushing the level immediately after his promotion. Austin Romine has had a nice year too, but he's not on the 40-man roster. My guess is Sanchez gets the call as the third catcher but rarely catches, sorta like Jesus Montero in 2011. (Also, Romine would require clearing a 40-man spot.) That is especially true if the race for a postseason spot goes right down to the wire, as expected. Sanchez might only catch in blowouts or after the team clinches all it can clinch.
Likely To Be Called Up, But Not Locks
There's really only one player in this category: Rob Refsnyder. He's had a good year in Triple-A, not a great year, and his brief four-game cameo in pinstripes earlier this year was a bit of a mixed bag. Some good, some not so good. There have been unconfirmed reports floating around that the Yankees were less than enthused with Refsnyder's attitude during his call-up — not so much that he didn't work hard, but that he was arrogant and acted entitled — and I suppose the club could keep him down in September as something of a wake-up call. My guess is Refsnyder comes up and takes second base platoon at-bats away from Brendan Ryan. I just wouldn't put his chances at a call-up at 100%. Maybe it's more like 95% or so.
Unlikely To Be Called Up
Among the healthy 40-man roster players, the only one who I think has less than a 50/50 chance of getting a September call-up is Tyler Austin. Another righty bat would be neat, but Austin's had a very rough year and was recently demoted from Triple-A Scranton to Double-A Trenton. Players who have struggled like Austin usually don't get called up unless there's no other option. There's a "reward" aspect to being a September call-up, and he didn't earn this year.
Judge. (Presswire)
The biggest name among non-40-man players is Aaron Judge, the team's top prospect. The Yankees added both Refsnyder and Greg Bird to the 40-man early and called them up this year, but they were both performing in Triple-A. Judge has been striking out a ton of late and he won't be Rule 5 Draft eligible for another few years, not another few months. I would be surprised if the Yankees tied up another 40-man spot by adding Judge. His time will come eventually. Just probably not this September.
Other non-40-man players I don't expect to be called up in September: Ben Gamel, Brady Lail, James Pazos, and Johnny Barbato. Lail and Barbato just reached Triple-A and there are too many arms ahead of them on the depth chart to add them to the 40-man roster early. Gamel's had a breakout season and I wouldn't necessarily put his call-up chances at 0%. Heathcott will fill the "extra lefty hitting outfielder" role though, and I'm not sure the Yankees should clear a roster spot to add another. Pazos could be a victim of the number's crunch more than anything. There simply might not be any room for another lefty reliever.
The Non-40-Man Wildcard
The non-40-man player who I think has the best chance of being called up in September is Andrew Bailey. He's working his way back from shoulder surgery and been able to stay healthy for a few weeks now, plus he's pitched effectively in all sorts of situations (back-to-back days, multiple innings, etc.) in the minors. The Yankees have put a lot of time and effort into helping him rehab these last two years, remember.
Cashman admitted Bailey was recently held out of a Triple-A game in case he needed to be called up to help the tired bullpen, but that didn't happen. Bailey wasn't needed. That they've already come thisclose to calling Bailey up this month leads me to believe they will bring him to the show once rosters expand. Bailey hasn't pitched in MLB since getting hurt in July 2013. It's been a long and difficult road back. Hopefully he stays healthy these next two weeks and gets the call in September.
The 40-Man Situation
The 40-man roster is full right now. It's actually extra full. The Yankees have four players on the 60-day DL (Sergio Santos, Diego Moreno, Mason Williams, Chase Whitley) and none of them will be ready to be activated in September following their season-ending surgeries. The Yankees will need to clear a spot to call up, say, Bailey or Romine, and there are a few ways to do that.
First and foremost, the Yankees could call up an injured 40-man roster player and place them on the 60-day DL. Martin (elbow) and Domingo German (Tommy John surgery) are two candidates for that move. The Yankees haven't done the call-up/60-day DL thing often — they did it with Justin Maxwell and Heathcott a few years ago, that's pretty much it — but it is an option. Not wanting German to accumulate service time is understandable. Martin though? Who cares. Of course, he'd have to actually be hurt to pull this move. Can't 60-day DL a healthy player.
Figueroa. (Presswire)
The Yankees could always outright or designate a player for assignment to clear 40-man space. There just aren't many obvious candidates. Perhaps they'll decide to cut Chris Capuano again in September since they'll have all the extra relievers and won't necessarily need a long man. Cole Figueroa could also get the axe, especially if Refsnyder does get called up and/or Dustin Ackley gets healthy. Martin? He could lose his 40-man spot if healthy as well.
Capuano, Figueroa, and Martin are the three main 40-man casualty candidates. It would be a surprise if the Yankees dropped someone like Austin, Pirela, or Cotham from the roster. Those guys are probably the next three in line, if anything. Aside from Bailey and maybe Romine, the Yankees don't figure to need any 40-man spots this September, though they could clear two with the call-up/60-day DL move. We'll see.
Once September rolls around, the Yankees will obviously add a bunch of pitchers and a third catcher, plus a few extra position players. The extra arms will be a huge help, the bullpen has worked a ton this year, and Refsnyder could really help if he gets those platoon at-bats instead of Ryan. If not him, then Pirela. Also, Heathcott could be a factor as a defensive replacement/pinch-runner.
No one in their right mind is an expecting major impact from a September call-up — guys who do what Francisco Rodriguez did in 2002 are extremely rare — but they can help in limited roles. Those extra pitchers and platoon bats and pinch-runners are valuable in their own way. Given how tight the AL East race is at the moment, every little upgrade helps. September call-ups this year will be about more than resting regulars in blowouts.
Filed Under: Minors, Players Tagged With: Aaron Judge, Andrew Bailey, Austin Romine, Ben Gamel, Brady Lail, Branden Pinder, Bryan Mitchell, Caleb Cotham, Chris Capuano, Chris Martin, Cole Figueroa, Domingo German, Gary Sanchez, Jacob Lindgen, James Pazos, Johnny Barbato, Jose Pirela, Nick Goody, Nick Rumbelow, Rob Refsnyder, Slade Heathcott, Tyler Austin
2015 Midseason Review: Odds & Ends
July 17, 2015 by Mike 286 Comments
Time to tie up some loose ends and conclude our Midseason Review series. The second half of the 2015 seasons starts tonight, thankfully. I've come to appreciate the All-Star break, but yeah, I am ready for more baseball.
(Al Bello/Getty)
G.I. Jones and the Serial Killer
By bench player standards, Chris Young has been dynamite this season. He's mashing lefties and playing strong defense, which are his two main job functions. Garrett Jones, on the other hand, doesn't seem to have a set role. He's the backup at first base, yeah, but otherwise he doesn't play regularly against righties or anything. Jones has started just 28 of the team's 88 games, for example. He batted 28 times in April. That's it.
Playing that infrequently didn't exactly help Jones remain productive. He went 6-for-40 (.150) before hitting his first home run on May 22nd, a pinch-hit three-run homer into the Yankee Stadium short porch. That seemed to get him going. Jones is 24-for-89 (.270) with four homers since then, including at least one big one …
… while continuing to play sporadically. Jones is hitting .233/.277/.395 (84 wRC+) with five homers overall — again, he's been much better since that dreadful start — and all things considered, he's been really good for his role. That backup first baseman/fifth outfielder/lefty power bat off the bench who rarely plays. This is exactly the kind of veteran dude you want in this role. Not some prospect with an actual future.
John Ryan Murphy, meanwhile, has a total of 85 plate appearances as Brian McCann's backup this year, and is hitting .247/.286/.325 (65 wRC+). That's about on par with the league average for backup catchers. Murphy's defense has been fine to the untrained eye — he's thrown out six of 19 attempted base-stealers (32%), so teams have tried running on him in limited action — and for whatever reason the pitching staff has better strikeout (23.4%) and walk (5.6%) rates with him behind the plate than McCann (21.8% and 7.2%, respectively). Could easily be sample size noise.
The Yankees reached the point where something had to happen with their catching depth. Someone had to go, and it was Francisco Cervelli, who was two years from free agency. The Yankees turned him into Justin Wilson, gave Murphy the backup job, and managed to keep Austin Romine in Triple-A as a non-40-man roster player. As an unabashed JRM fan, I'm happy with the way things turned out and I look forward to seeing Murphy continue to develop on both sides of the ball.
Futility Infielders
Pirela. (Patrick Smith/Getty)
It feels like more, but the Yankees have had four differential utility infielders this season, not counting the just called up Rob Refsnyder. Gregorio Petit, Jose Pirela, Brendan Ryan, and Cole Figueroa have hit a combined .209/.243/.310 (~53 wRC+) in 140 plate appearances. Pirela (41 wRC+) has exactly half those plate appearances. There's a decent chance the Yankees will stick with Refsnyder as the regular second baseman and push Stephen Drew in the backup infielder role going forward, which would still be a net upgrade even as bad as Drew has been. Young, Jones, and Murphy have been pretty good off the bench, all things considered. The infielders have … not.
Get Called Up, Get Injured
When Jacoby Ellsbury hit the DL, the Yankees first called up Slade Heathcott, and it was a great story. Slade has dealt with all sorts of on-the-field and off-the-field issues over the years, so much so that he was dropped off the 40-man roster in the offseason, but he came to Spring Training healthy and played well in Triple-A. He earned the call up, went 6-for-17 (.343) with a homer, then blew out his quad and landed on the DL for a few months. Brutal.
Heathcott's injury opened the door for Mason Williams, who battled mostly work ethic and makeup problems the last few years, but had the proverbial light bulb go on this offseason. He played well in Double-A and Triple-A, got called up to replace Slade, went 6-for-21 (.286) with three doubles and a homer, then suffered a shoulder injury diving back into first base on a pickoff throw. The day-to-day injury turned into a 60-day DL stint. I repeat: brutal.
The only young fourth outfielder to escape the injury bug in the first half was Ramon Flores, who got called up to replace Williams and went 7-for-32 (.219) with a double. He's been up and down a few times and hasn't gotten the everyday opportunity like Heathcott and Williams did before getting hurt. Maybe that's the team's way of keeping him healthy. I'm glad the Yankees have given their young outfielders a chance. It sucks they keep getting hurt. Seriously hurt too.
One Hundred Pitches Or Less
Through 88 games this season, the Yankees have had a starting pitcher throw 100+ pitches only 22 times, tied with the Rockies and Royals for the fewest in MLB. Michael Pineda and Nathan Eovaldi have both thrown 100+ pitches seven times, Adam Warren did it four times before being put in the bullpen, CC Sabathia has done it three times, and Masahiro Tanaka has done it once. That's it. The Yankees do have 38 starts of 90-99 pitches, for what it's worth.
The lack of 100+ pitch starts is the result of many things, first and foremost ineffectiveness. Sabathia and Eovaldi have gotten knocked around a bit at times, Warren struggled in April, and even Tanaka and Pineda went through rough stretches. The Yankees also have a strong bullpen and Joe Girardi has not been shy about going to it early rather than letting his starter go through the lineup a third time. Can't say I blame him.
That said, the Yankees rank 22nd in innings by starters (510) and eighth in innings by the bullpen (283.1), which is a bit unbalanced. Over the last five years the ratio of rotation innings to bullpen innings is almost exactly 2.0 (1.996, to be exact) in the AL. The Yankees are at 1.80 this year. I'm not saying it can't work all year, but it would be nice to see Girardi let the starters go a little deeper into games to help avoid bullpen burnout, especially with multi-run leads. I'm not sure asking the relievers to get a dozen outs each night is a built to last strategy.
Filed Under: Players Tagged With: 2015 Midseason Review, Brendan Ryan, Cole Figueroa, Garrett Jones, Gregorio Petit, John Ryan Murphy, Jose Pirela, Mason Williams, Ramon Flores, Slade Heathcott


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Can Nick Folk Exorcise Doug Briens Demons For Jets Fans?
By David Wyatt Hupton Jan 19, 2011, 11:52am EST
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The lonely wonderer returns (again). I've been somewhat of an outsider looking in on Gang Green Nation over the past 3 months, not by choice of course but out of necessity. However with a little bit of time today, Jets/Steelers always brings me to Doug Brien, a nightmare that is still fresh in my memory, and I'm sure I'm not alone.
It's Heinz field, it's the 2004 Divisional game and we have 2:02 left in regulation with a 17-17 tied game. Up steps Doug Brien not once but twice to win it for the Jets and send them to the AFC Championship game. The 47 yard kick looked good, it had the distance and it looked to have the direction, Jets fans agonized as it banged off the crossbar. With 16 seconds to go and the Jets at the Steelers 23, Herm Edwards chose the safe route. He had Chad Pennington kneel for a one yard loss to make it a 43 yard field goal. He could have chosen to run with Curtis Martin and try and get the kick under 40 yards, in Heinz field every yard counts. Brien stepped up with four seconds on the clock and the kick sailed wide left.
I don't need to write what happened in overtime. Kicking alongside the Ohio river in Heinz field isn't easy, in fact it's downright tough.So if the game comes down to a Nick Folk FG, Jets fans will automatically revert back to Doug Brien on that cold night in January 2005, it's natural.
Doug Brien was sent packing after those misses and a lot of Jets fans still have a very bitter taste towards even the mention of his name. It forced the Jets hand in over paying for a kick from Ohio, mike Nugent a 2nd round, 47th overall pick of the Jets in 2005 lasted just three years with the Jets before finding his place on the unemployment line. A complete waste of a 2nd round selection. A little revisionist history, but Nick Collins was taken after Mike Nugent in 2005 as was Justin Tuck and Frank Gore, just let that marinate.
I don't know why, but I have a feeling Sundays game will come down to a Nick Folk field goal, and who knows if he'll send it through or not. If he does, it'll go a long way to banishing those still painful memories from 2005.


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text:
Eventos históricos

 52 a.C. — Vercingetórix, líder dos gauleses, rende-se aos romanos sob o comando de Júlio César, encerrando o cerco e a batalha de Alésia.
 42 a.C. — Primeira Batalha de Filipos: os triunviros Marco Antônio e Otaviano e os republicanos liderados por Bruto e Cássio travam uma batalha indecisiva.
 382 — O imperador romano Teodósio conclui um tratado de paz com os godos e os instala nos Bálcãs.
 1392 —  torna-se o décimo segundo rei sultão do Reino Nacérida.
 1712 — O duque de Montrose emite um mandado de prisão contra Robert Roy MacGregor.
 1739 — O Tratado de Niš é assinado pelo Império Otomano e pelo Império Russo, encerrando a Guerra Russo-Turca.
 1873 — Chefe Kintpuash e companheiros são enforcados por sua participação na Guerra Modoc do norte da Califórnia.
 1918 — O czar Boris III da Bulgária ascende ao trono.
 1929 — O Reino dos sérvios, croatas e eslovenos passa oficialmente a chamar-se Iugoslávia.
 1930 — Getúlio Vargas, Góis Monteiro e Osvaldo Aranha iniciaram os preparativos para o golpe final contra a República Velha (v. Revolução de 1930).
 1931 — Às 11h entra em vigor, pela primeira vez no Brasil, o Horário de Verão.
 1932 — O Iraque ganha a independência do Reino Unido.
 1935 — Segunda Guerra Ítalo-Abissínia: a Itália invade a Etiópia.
 1942 — Um foguete alemão V-2 atinge um recorde de 85 km de altitude.
 1952 — O Reino Unido testa com sucesso uma arma nuclear para se tornar a terceira energia nuclear do mundo.
 1953 — Instituída a Petrobras, uma indústria de petróleo com sede no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
 1962 — Projeto Mercury: o Sigma 7, com o astronauta Wally Schirra, é lançado de Cabo Canaveral para um voo de seis órbitas.
 1963 — Um golpe violento em Honduras inicia duas décadas de regime militar.
 1964 — O Esquadrão da Morte, Scuderie Detetive Le Cocq, faz sua primeira vítima: o criminoso responsável pela morte do detetive Milton Lecocq, Manoel Moreira, mais conhecido como "Cara de Cavalo", foi morto em Cabo Frio com mais de 50 tiros.
 1981 — A greve de fome na prisão de Maze, na Irlanda do Norte, termina após sete meses e dez mortes.
 1985 — O ônibus espacial Atlantis faz seu voo inaugural.
 1989 — Um golpe de Estado na Cidade do Panamá é suprimido e 11 participantes são executados.
 1990 — A República Democrática Alemã é abolida e se torna parte da República Federal da Alemanha.
 1993 — Um ataque americano contra um chefe tribal em Mogadíscio fracassa. 18 atacantes e mais de 350 somalis morrem.
 2008 — A Lei de Estabilização Econômica de Emergência de 2008 para o sistema financeiro dos Estados Unidos é assinada pelo Presidente George W. Bush.
 2009 — Azerbaijão, Cazaquistão, Quirguistão e Turquia se juntam ao Conselho Túrquico.
 2013 — A Gâmbia retira-se da Commonwealth.

Nascimentos

Anteriores ao século XIX
 1733 — Diogo Inácio de Pina Manique, magistrado português (m. 1805).
 1784 — Johann Karl Ehrenfried Kegel, explorador alemão (m. 1863).
 1797 — Leopoldo II, grão-duque da Toscana (m. 1870).
 1800 — George Bancroft, historiador e estadista americano (m. 1891).

Século XIX
 1804 — Allan Kardec, educador, escritor e tradutor francês (m. 1869).
 1824 — Harry von Arnim, diplomata alemão (m. 1881).
 1837 — Nicolás Avellaneda, político e jornalista argentino (m. 1885).
 1847 — Carlos de Laet, jornalista, professor e poeta brasileiro (m. 1927).
 1860 — Paulo Alexandrovich da Rússia (m. 1919).
 1869 — Alfred Flatow, ginasta alemão (m. 1942).
 1874 — Charles B. Middleton, ator estadunidense (m. 1949).
 1884 — Paul Pinna, diretor de teatro e ator estoniano (m. 1949).
 1889 — Carl von Ossietzky, escritor e jornalista alemão (m. 1938).
 1894 — Walter Warlimont, general alemão (m. 1976).
 1896 — Gerardo Diego, poeta espanhol (m. 1987).
 1897 — Louis Aragon, poeta e escritor francês (m. 1982).
 1899
Costa e Silva, militar e político brasileiro, 27.° presidente do Brasil (m. 1969).
Louis Hjelmslev, linguista dinamarquês (m. 1965).

Século XX

1901–1950
 1904
Ernst Günther Schenck, médico e militar alemão (m. 1998).
Charles J. Pedersen, químico norte-americano (m. 1989).
 1905 — Edmundo Piaggio, futebolista argentino (m. 1975).
 1911 — Edgar Sanabria, político venezuelano (m. 1989).
 1913 — Leonard Piątek, futebolista polonês (m. 1967).
 1915 — Orlando Silva, cantor brasileiro (m. 1978).
 1919
José Hermano Saraiva, historiador português (m. 2012).
James McGill Buchanan Jr., economista estadunidense (m. 2013).
 1922 — Lubomír Doležel, filólogo e teórico literário tcheco (m. 2017).
 1924 — Harvey Kurtzman, cartunista estadunidense (m. 1993).
 1925 — Gore Vidal, escritor estadunidense (m. 2012).
 1927 — Kenojuak Ashevak, artista canadense (m. 2013).
 1928 — Christian d'Oriola, esgrimista francês (m. 2007).
 1931 — Ray Nelson, escritor e cartunista estadunidense.
 1932 — Cassandra Rios, escritora brasileira (m. 2002).
 1933
Neale Fraser, ex-tenista australiano.
Márcia de Windsor, atriz brasileira (m. 1982).
 1936
Steve Reich, compositor estadunidense.
Viktor Kanevskiy, futebolista ucraniano (m. 2018).
José Augusto Costa, cantor brasileiro (m. 1981).
 1938
Eddie Cochran, músico estadunidense (m. 1960).
Tereza Kesovija, cantora croata.
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, político e economista peruano.
 1940
Michael Troy, nadador estadunidense (m. 2019).
Walter Alvarez, geólogo estadunidense.
 1941
Chubby Checker, cantor e compositor estadunidense.
Afonso, Infante de Espanha (m. 1966).
Andrea de Adamich, ex-automobilista e jornalista italiano.
 1942
Roberto Perfumo, futebolista argentino (m. 2016).
Steve Susskind, ator e dublador norte-americano (m. 2005).
 1943
Jeff Bingaman, político estadunidense.
Roger Abdelmassih, ex-médico brasileiro.
 1944
Pierre Deligne, matemático belga.
Bob Riley, político norte-americano.
 1945 — Viktor Saneyev, atleta georgiano (m. 2022).
 1947 — John Perry Barlow, letrista, compositor, ativista e escritor norte-americano (m. 2018).
 1948 — Ian MacDonald, produtor e crítico musical britânico (m. 2003).
 1949
José Mayer, ator brasileiro.
Zé Ramalho, cantor e compositor brasileiro.
Stefan Staykov, ex-futebolista búlgaro.
Lindsey Buckingham, cantor, compositor, produtor musical e guitarrista norte-americano.
Cláudio Jorge, músico brasileiro.
 1950
Andrzej Szarmach, ex-futebolista polonês.
Luděk Macela, futebolista tcheco (m. 2016).

1951–2000
 1951
Keb' Mo', cantor e músico norte-americano.
Bernard Cooper, escritor norte-americano.
Hans Bongartz, ex-futebolista e treinador de futebol alemão.
 1952
Luisinho Lemos, futebolista e treinador de futebol brasileiro (m. 2019).
Steve Tracy, ator estadunidense (m. 1986).
 1953 — Bohumil Starnovský, ex-pentatleta tcheco.
 1954
Stevie Ray Vaughan, guitarrista estadunidense (m. 1990).
Daniel Dantas, empresário brasileiro.
Onyx Lorenzoni, político brasileiro.
 1955 — José Daniel Valencia, ex-futebolista argentino.
 1957
Roberto Azevêdo, diplomata brasileiro.
Eiji Oue, maestro japonês.
 1958 — Peter Tscherkassky, cineasta austríaco.
 1959
Jack Wagner, ator e cantor estadunidense.
Fred Couples, ex-golfista estadunidense.
 1960 — Roberto Cabrini, jornalista brasileiro.
 1961 — Marcus Giamatti, ator norte-americano.
 1962
Tommy Lee, músico e produtor musical estadunidense.
Kim Ki-taik, ex-mesa-tenista sul-coreano.
 1963 — Néstor Craviotto, ex-futebolista e treinador de futebol argentino.
 1964
Jostein Flo, ex-futebolista norueguês.
Clive Owen, ator estadunidense.
 1965
Adriana Calcanhotto, cantora e atriz brasileira.
Jan-Ove Waldner, ex-mesa-tenista sueco.
 1967
Tiffany Chin, ex-patinadora artística estadunidense.
Denis Villeneuve, diretor e roteirista canadense.
 1968
Marko Rajamäki, ex-futebolista e treinador de futebol finlandês.
Ruth Roberta de Souza, jogadora de basquete brasileira (m. 2021).
 1969
Gwen Stefani, cantora estadunidense.
Alessandro Zampedri, automobilista italiano.
Koffi Fiawoo, ex-futebolista togolês.
Massimiliano Papis, automobilista italiano.
Jennifer Todd, produtora de cinema estadunidense.
 1970 — Kirsten Nelson, atriz estadunidense.
 1971 — Kevin Richardson, cantor estadunidense.
 1972 — Júnior Amorim, ex-futebolista e treinador de futebol brasileiro.
 1973
Neve Campbell, atriz canadense.
Lena Headey, atriz britânica.
Keiko Agena, atriz estadunidense.
Antonius Ariantho, ex-jogador de badminton indonésio.
 1974
Marianne Timmer, patinadora no gelo neerlandesa.
Talib Kweli, rapper estadunidense.
 1975 — Alanna Ubach, atriz estadunidense.
 1976
Flávio Meireles, ex-futebolista português.
Seann William Scott, ator estadunidense.
Herman Li, músico britânico.
 1977 — Meftah Ghazalla, ex-futebolista líbio.
 1978
Shannyn Sossamon, atriz estadunidense.
Gerald Asamoah, ex-futebolista alemão.
Christian Coulson, ator britânico.
Claudio Pizarro, ex-futebolista peruano.
Érika Martins, cantora brasileira.
Terezinha Guilhermina, atleta paralímpica brasileira.
Ricardo Rocha, ex-futebolista português.
 1979
John Hennigan, wrestler estadunidense.
Josh Klinghoffer, guitarrista estadunidense.
Pedro Lemos, ator brasileiro.
 1980
Vitali Kaleshin, ex-futebolista russo.
Danny O'Donoghue, cantor e compositor irlandês.
Ivan Turina, futebolista croata (m. 2013).
 1981
Zlatan Ibrahimović, futebolista sueco.
Giselle Itié, atriz brasileira.
Andreas Isaksson, ex-futebolista sueco.
Seth Gabel, ator estadunidense.
Ronald Rauhe, canoísta alemão.
 1982
Erik von Detten, ator estadunidense.
Server Djeparov, futebolista uzbeque.
 1983
Fred, ex-futebolista brasileiro.
Thiago Alves, lutador brasileiro de artes marciais mistas.
Tessa Thompson, atriz, cantora e compositora norte-americana.
Kim Jae-Sung, futebolista sul-coreano.
Yvonne Meusburger, ex-tenista austríaca.
 1984
Ashlee Simpson, cantora e atriz estadunidense.
Anthony Le Tallec, futebolista francês.
Juan Manuel Insaurralde, futebolista argentino.
Christopher Marquette, ator norte-americano.
Jessica Parker Kennedy, atriz canadense.
Takanobu Komiyama, futebolista japonês.
Rolan de la Cruz, futebolista guinéu-equatoriano.
 1986
Cascavel, futebolista português.
Andy San Dimas, atriz estadunidense de filmes eróticos.
Jackson Martínez, ex-futebolista colombiano.
Lanfia Camara, ex-futebolista guineano.
Tomoyuki Arata, futebolista japonês.
 1987
Zuleyka Rivera, atriz e modelo porto-riquenha.
Kaci Battaglia, cantora estadunidense.
Martin Plowman, automobilista britânico.
 1988
Pak Nam-Chol, futebolista norte-coreano.
Alicia Vikander, atriz e produtora sueca.
ASAP Rocky, cantor, compositor, modelo e ator estadunidense.
Alex Dowsett, ciclista britânico.
 1989 — Rúben Lima, futebolista português.
 1990
Tuvana Türkay, atriz e cantora turca.
Johan Le Bon, ciclista francês.
Michele Morrone, ator e cantor italiano.
 1991
Sean De Bie, ciclista belga.
Leonardo Moreira Morais, futebolista brasileiro.
Debby Lagranha, atriz e apresentadora brasileira.
 1992 — Lyna Khoudri, atriz argelina.
 1993 — Vazha Margvelashvili, judoca georgiano.
 1994
Kepa Arrizabalaga, futebolista espanhol.
Marcus Walz, canoísta espanhol.
 1995 — Lil Tracy, rapper e compositor norte-americano.
 1996
Kelechi Iheanacho, futebolista nigeriano.
Adair Tishler, atriz e cantora estadunidense.
 1997
Bang Chan, rapper, cantor, compositor e produtor musical australiano de origem sul-coreana.
Onitlasi Moraes, futebolista brasileiro.
Jin Boyang, patinador artístico chinês.
 1998
Valentín Castellanos, futebolista colombiano.
Hanna Orthmann, jogadora de vôlei tcheca.
 1999 — Aramis Knight, ator estadunidense.

Século XXI
 2004
Noah Schnapp, ator estadunidense.
Jennifer Gadirova, ginasta britânica.
Jessica Gadirova, ginasta britânica.

Mortes

Anteriores ao século XIX
 42 a.C. — Caio Cássio Longino, senador romano (n. 85 a.C.).
 818 — Ermengarda de Hesbaye, imperatriz do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico (n. 778).
 1078 — Iziaslau I de Quieve (n. 1024).
 1226 — Francisco de Assis santo católico italiano (n. 1181).
 1399 — Leonor de Bohun, duquesa de Gloucester (n.  1366).
 1392 — Iúçufe II de Granada (n. ?).
 1568 — Isabel de Valois, Rainha de Espanha (n. 1545).
 1629 — Paolo Agostini, compositor e organista italiano (n. 1583).
 1690 — Robert Barclay, apologista quacre escocês (n. 1648).

Século XIX
 1826 — Jens Baggesen, poeta dinamarquês (n. 1764).
 1882 — Adelaide Phillips, contralto estadunidense (n. 1833).
 1896 — William Morris, poeta e tradutor britânico (n. 1834).

Século XX
 1910 — Miguel Bombarda, médico, escritor e político português (n. 1851).
 1911 — Rosetta Jane Birks, filantropa e sufragista australiana (n. 1856).
 1937 — E. W. Howe, novelista estadunidense (n. 1853).
 1975 — Zélio Fernandino de Morais, médium brasileiro (n. 1891).
 1989 — Yvonne Sylvain, médica e ativista haitiana (n. 1907).
 1993 — Wilson Grey, ator brasileiro (n. 1923).
 1995 — Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira, líder intelectual católico brasileiro (n. 1908).
 1998 — Roddy McDowall, ator britânico (n. 1928).
 1999 — Akio Morita, inventor e empresário japonês (n. 1921).
 2000
Benjamin Orr, cantor, compositor e músico estadunidense (n. 1947).
Wojciech Has, cineasta polonês (n. 1925).

Século XXI
 2004 — Janet Leigh, atriz norte-americana (n. 1927).
 2005 — Emilinha Borba, cantora brasileira (n. 1923).
 2006 — Peter Norman, atleta australiano (n. 1942)
 2007
Pablo Palazuelo, pintor e escultor espanhol (n. 1916).
Rogelio Salmona, arquiteto colombiano (n. 1929).
 2010
Aécio Cunha, político brasileiro (n. 1923).
Ed Wilson, cantor e compositor brasileiro (n. 1945).
 2014 — Lori Sandri, futebolista e treinador de futebol brasileiro (n. 1949).

Feriados e eventos cíclicos

No mundo
 Dia Mundial do Dentista

Brasil

 Dia da emancipação de Barra Mansa - Rio de Janeiro
 Dia do engenheiro de energia
 Feriado dos Mártires de Cunhaú e Uruaçu, Rio Grande do Norte
 Feriado no município de Schroeder, Santa Catarina

Alemanha

 Dia da Unificação da Alemanha

Cristianismo
 Adalgott.
 Emilie de Villeneuve.
 Francisco de Borja.
 Hesíquio do Sinai.
 Mártires de Cunhaú e Uruaçu.

Outros calendários
 No calendário romano era o 5.º dia () antes das nonas de outubro.
 No calendário litúrgico tem a letra dominical C para o dia da semana.
 No calendário gregoriano a epacta do dia é xx.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


80 Powerful Comb Over Fade Hairstyles - (2019) Comb On Over!
In this haircut the parting line is high, running at the same height as the crown. The hair has been rolled to curl over onto the right-hand side, reminiscent of the 50's jelly roll style. The sides were graded shorter using slightly different settings on the clippers.
In this look, the longest hair sits over the top of the head separated from the lower section by a gradual skin fade. The shorter hair is brown, but the locks on top have been colored a dark ashy blonde. This light colored hair has been brushed straight back from the forehead.
This hair has been separated by a long straight parting with the hair on the right remaining long and the hair on the left eased out into a skin fade. The long hair has a pushed up front portion adding height to the look.
Styles with height are popular and this hairstyle with a straight up, combed over look in front and an expert skin fade on the side is an example of how to pull it off. Team your dapper inspired hairstyle with a curly beard and retro shades and get ready to shine!
What makes this razor fade so impressive is the way that the stylist has rounded it off so perfectly at the back. With the hair slicked like this, it is easy to admire the expert lines of this look.
Visible partings are fine, but if you want a more subtle look, try combing your longer locks over to soften the line. Just pair with a skin fade around the edges and comb the hair through.
Instead of the parting dividing the long and the short hair, this short parting divides layers of longer locks while the skin fade occurs further down on the right-hand side. Add interest to your style by creating flowing lines around the face like this.
Keep your look uncluttered and retain the length like this guy has done. He is sporting a high stubble length undercut while the locks on top have been combed back and reach to the nape of the neck.
In this look, the fade begins tightly around the ears with the hair increasing gradually in length outwards. The middle portion of hair is the longest and has been brushed up for a super smart look.
From this angle, we are able to see how the hair has been faded out along the sides. The hair is separated by a short parting and has the most length on the right. These locks have been combed straight back with a little lift over the front.
Hard partings like this are created using a razor and look strong and masculine. On the one side we see a simple skin fade and on the other a neat quaff with lots of texture. Both come together to form a V-shape at the back.
Wow! What a look! If you are ready for a high fashion street look try this one. The hair has a long parting high on the side with a two-step undercut underneath. The longer hair has been combed over and styled to curl high over and cover the undercut on the other side.
Gentlemen love coiffed hairstyles like this that are sleek and ultra-neat. Copy this look by having a high undercut on the back and sides and then styling the remaining hair by blow-drying.
Defined waves lend this look a formal feel, great for a special occasion. The upper hair has been styled with a blow-wave and a hot iron can be used to recreate this hairstyle. The sides sport a high undercut with a subtle fade.
This top view gives an interesting insight into how this hairstyle was created. Starting from the left, we can see a hard parting that runs up to the crown and alongside it, longer locks have been combed into each other. The back and sides have been clipped short with a gradual fade out.
Get an edgier look like this by asking your stylist to scissor cut your top locks. This will add texture and with a little product, you can easily style it as you see here. The skin fade here is understated and no partings are visible.
Ready for the latest in street fashion? Patterned undercuts are in and the only limit is your imagination. Here the undercut has been cut in a diamond style pattern while the upper locks were straightened and swept to the back.
Dapper looks are all about being neat and having a tidy hairstyle. In this example, the undercut has been professionally faded out from top to bottom and the longer top locks have been slicked back. True dapper looks like this work best with no partings or hard lines.
Long wavy hair can look untidy, so why not add a skin fade to keep it current? Here alongside a high parting clippers were used to create a gentle fade to one side while the length of the hair has been retained on the other – perfect to show off well- maintained medium length hair.
Don't follow the herd – create your own unique style and wear it proudly! In this singular hairstyle a short off center parting curves around before melting into the crown. To both sides, we can see chunky cut hair with a short fade over the right side. To spice up the quiff a trendy gray color was used.
In this example, the parting line has been taken diagonally back across the crown as opposed to straight back. This helps you have more volume on the parted side and balances the hairstyle.
This look incorporates both sharp lines and rounded ones, creating a style that demands a second look. There is plenty of volume in the curly top locks and it is offset perfectly against the gentle fade out on the side.
Here a curved step cut sweeps into a V-shape at the back and the top hair has been highly texturized. In front, we can see a disconnected side comb over which draws attention to the stark undercut. This is an edgy look with a punk-inspired feel.
In this look, both sides have been trimmed into a skin fade beneath the high, defined partings. The upper locks have been blow-dried and swept over the face, creating a cheeky curl that falls on the brow. Volume in the front of a hairstyle like this works well to add length to square faces.
In this bird's eye view, we can clearly see the hard partings that define this hairstyle and how a stepped layer has been created in the undercut. The top locks have been combed back and to the sides providing lift over the forehead - a la pompadour.
In this picture, the hair has been snipped into a V-shaped style with a graded undercut. The top locks taper off into a step and to style the locks have been swept together at the back.
Pompadour hairstyles don't always need to be slick – try a modern twist by adding texture to top strands like this. This provides added interest and height to your gentlemanly look.
Rounded off quiff styles like this are terrific for men of any age. It's made modern by fading out the undercut and adding a hard parting. The hair was blow-dried and styled into a coif that's as neat as a pin.
This masterful undercut fades out wonderfully and is so tapered you barely notice the transition. On the other side, the long hair has been blow-dried and finger combed up to create a center flair.
Quiff hairstyles are big again – this is a type of hairstyle that mixes the flattop and pompadour styles of the 1950's and sometimes even blends mohawk elements in as well. In the rockabilly style pictured here, the bulk of the hair's volume is in front and is balanced by tight undercut sides and up and over front sections.
Ready to show off your beach color hair? This style is being worn by hipsters everywhere! The undercut fades from the crown outwards instead of from the side down and the longer hair is worn forward rather than to the side.
Draw attention to the shapely lines of your hairstyle by adding some razor line detail over the temples. In this example, the sharp angular lines highlight the super straight hard parting and the precise skin fade. In this comb-over look, there's not a stray hair to be seen!
Platinum colored hair looks great when texturized and in this look the volume on top is emphasized further by darkly shaded roots. This dark color becomes more visible as the hair blends shorter along the sides.
In this hairstyle, most of the locks above the undercut have been swept to the back while one section has been styled into an up and over curl that falls to the temple.
Starting on the right side we see the hair styled to push up and gradually taper backward. Just before the hard parting, the hair has been braided back and on the other side, there is a skillful razor fade.
Chunky locks as seen here look even better when worn with a sleek tapered fade as contrast. This hairstyle is neat at the back and textured on top with disconnected edges that brush the temple.
The quiff is the comb over for gents wanting to rock a vintage look. We love the weaving lines and thick waves of the upper hair and the gentle slope of the razor fade along the sides.
These locks have been given a razor fade undercut on the sides and choppy layers on the upper section. The hair is worn brushed forward from the crown and the stylist has added an interesting diagonal fringe.
For this Mohawk inspired hairstyle, the undercut has been started high on the head and tapers the hair into a V-shape at the back. The long locks have been styled into a smooth fin shape that stands high while the sides have added pattern details.
Underneath a high, straight parting the hair has been gradually clipped shorter in a neat skin fade and wraps around the head in a V-shape. The hair on the other side has been styled into natural looking waves that reach upward.
Attention is drawn to this hairstyle by the diagonal line created by the overhanging top locks at the back. Underneath the edge of these locks, you can see a discreet V-shaped pattern in the undercut.
Take advantage of naturally wavy hair to create a retro style like this! Pair with sharp details, a smooth razor fade and a twist over mustache and you'll be soon be turning heads.
For men with a musical soul mainstream haircuts just won't cut it. That's why they turn to asymmetrical hairstyles like this, which incorporates the quiff element together with a gradual fade out.
Go for Hollywood glamor and copy this handsome hairdo! Here the undercut is slightly choppy while the upper locks have been blow-dried and finger combed up, out and slightly forward.
This hairstyle is well balanced and the curly texture on top helps soften the angles of his face. The sides have been neatly trimmed into a layered undercut and provide the perfect contrast for the upper locks.
There is an undercut for every guy and frankly, when it looks as neat and trendy as the hair in these pictures which guy wouldn't want it? Stay on style by adding a quiff or a tight comb over – whatever suits you best and you'll soon be the talk of the town!


We designed this program for teachers who wish to teach English language skills to adults in the U.S. and abroad.
What Can I Do with a Certificate in Teaching English as a Second Language?
The TESL certificate provides foundational coursework and a coherent educational experience for people wishing to teach in a range of settings with ESL or EFL students, or wanting to work toward an Arizona ESL Endorsement. Credit hours earned for the TESL certificate can be applied to an MA-TESL degree. Certificate students who decide to pursue an MA-TESL degree must submit an application for the MA-TESL degree independently of the application for the TESL certificate.
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