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BYLAWS CHIARAVALLE MONTESSORI SCHOOL. (formed under the Illinois General Not For Profit Corporation Act) ARTICLE 1 NAME AND OFFICES
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1 As amended April 21, 2010 BYLAWS OF CHIARAVALLE MONTESSORI SCHOOL (formed under the Illinois General Not For Profit Corporation Act) ARTICLE 1 NAME AND OFFICES SECTION 1. Name. The name of the corporation shall be Chiaravalle Montessori School, sometimes referred in these bylaws as CMS. SECTION 2. Offices. The corporation shall have and continuously maintain within the State of Illinois a registered office at such place as may be designated by the board of trustees. ARTICLE II EQUAL OPPORTUNITY The corporation shall not discriminate against any person on the basis of race, creed, color, gender, age, national or ethnic origin, religious beliefs and/or disability in connection with the operation of its school and in the administration of its educational policies, admissions policies, scholarship and loan programs, and athletic and other school-administered programs. The board of trustees shall adopt appropriate policies and review these policies from time to time. The corporation shall have no members. ARTICLE III MEMBERS ARTICLE IV BOARD OF TRUSTEES SECTION 1. General Powers. The affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the trustees. SECTION 2. Number of trustees. The number of trustees constituting the entire board of trustees shall be not less than twelve (12) nor more than seventeen (17), and the number of trustees shall be established from time to time by the board of trustees. At least 80% of the trustees shall be persons who at the time of their election were parents or guardians of a child or children enrolled at CMS. The head shall be an ex officio, non-voting member of the board of trustees, and shall not be counted in determining the number of trustees. SECTION 3. Term of Office. Each trustee shall hold office for three years or until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified. Trustees terms shall be staggered and one-third of the trustees shall be elected each year, except that additional trustees may be elected to fill vacancies as provided in these bylaws. A trustee who has served two consecutive 3-year terms shall not be eligible for reelection until at least one year has elapsed, unless at the
2 time of such reelection he or she is serving or has previously served as an elected officer of the corporation. SECTION 4. Election of trustees. Trustees shall be elected by the board of trustees at the annual meeting. If the election of trustees shall not be held at such meeting, such election shall be held as soon thereafter as conveniently possible. SECTION 5. Annual Meeting. An annual meeting of the board of trustees shall be held each year in the month of May at such time and at such places, within the State of Illinois as may be fixed by the president, or if the president is for any reason unable to act, by any two (2) trustees. The purpose of the annual meeting shall be to elect the trustees and officers of the corporation and the transaction of such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. SECTION 6. Other Regular Meetings. The board of trustees may provide by resolution the time and place for the holding of additional regular meetings of the board without other notice than such resolution. SECTION 7. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the board of trustees may be called by or at the request of the president or any two (2) trustees. The person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the board may fix any place as the place for holding any special meeting of the board called by them. SECTION 8. Notice. Notice of any meeting of the board of trustees shall be given at least three (3) days prior thereto, by written or electronic notice to each trustee at the address shown for such trustee on the records of the corporation. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail in a sealed envelope so addressed, with postage thereon prepaid. If sent by facsimile, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when the facsimile is sent and confirmation is received. If by , such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when the is sent and confirmation is received. Notice of any meeting of the board of trustees may be waived in writing signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice either before or after the time of the meeting. The attendance of a trustee at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a trustee attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any special meeting of the board of trustees need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting, unless specifically required by law or by the bylaws. SECTION 9. Quorum. At all meetings of the board of trustees one-third (1/3) of the total number of trustees shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, provided that if fewer than one-third (1/3) of the trustees are present, a majority of the trustees present may adjourn the meeting to another time without further notice. SECTION 10. Manner of Acting. The act of a majority of the trustees present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the board of trustees unless the act of a greater number is required by statute, the articles of incorporation or these bylaws. Whenever the interests of the corporation so require, the president or any two (2) trustees may request that a 2
3 meeting, or any part thereof, shall be closed to all persons except the trustees and any additional individuals whose presence at the meeting would assist the board. SECTION 11. Action Without Meeting. Unless specifically provided by the articles of incorporation or these bylaws, any action required by statute to be taken at any meeting of the board of trustees or any other action which may be taken at a meeting of the board may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing shall be signed by all of the trustees entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof. The consent shall be evidenced by one or more written approvals, each of which sets forth the action taken and bears the signature of one or more trustees. All the approvals evidencing the consent shall be delivered to the secretary to be filed in the corporate records. The action taken shall be effective when all trustees have approved the consent unless the consent specifies a different effective date. SECTION 12. Attendance by Telephone. Trustees may participate in any meeting through the use of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can communicate with each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting. SECTION 13. Vacancies. Any vacancy occurring in the board of trustees or any trusteeship to be filled by reason of an increase in the number of trustees shall be filled by the board of trustees. A trustee elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the unexpired term of his or her predecessor. A trustee or trustees elected by reason of any increase of the number of trustees shall be assigned to staggered terms in such a manner that the number of trustees standing for reelection in any given year shall be as nearly equal as possible. SECTION 14. Compensation. The corporation shall not pay any compensation to trustees for services to the corporation, except that trustees may be reimbursed for expenses incurred in the performance of their duties to the corporation, in reasonable amounts as approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the trustees then in office. SECTION 15. Removal. One or more of the trustees may be removed with or without cause at a meeting of the trustees at which a quorum is present by the affirmative vote of twothirds (2/3) of the votes present and voted, provided that written notice of such meeting is delivered to all trustees entitled to vote on removal of trustees. Such notice shall state that a purpose of the meeting is to vote upon the removal of one or more trustees named in the notice. Only the named trustee or trustees may be removed at such a meeting. SECTION 16. Resignation. Any trustee may resign at any time by written notice to the board of trustees or the president of the corporation. SECTION 17. Conduct of Meetings. Meetings of the board of trustees shall be open to parents or guardians of a child or children enrolled at CMS or faculty or administration of CMS. On a periodic basis, but no less than twice a year, the board of trustees should provide an opportunity for these persons to address the board of trustees. Executive session may be called by the president. Executive session will be closed to all persons except members of the board of trustees unless the president chooses to invite additional persons. 3
4 ARTICLE V COMMITTEES SECTION 1. Executive Committee. The board of trustees, in its discretion, may appoint from its own members a committee of not less than three nor more than nine members which shall be known as the Executive Committee. Elected officers of the corporation who are not trustees shall serve as ex officio voting members of the Executive Committee. The president shall preside over the Executive Committee. Except as provided in Section (4) of this Article V or by law, the Executive Committee shall have the full power and authority to act on behalf of the board of trustees between meetings. SECTION 2. Nominating Committee. The President shall appoint a committee of not less than three nor more than five persons which shall be known as the Nominating Committee. In the selection of the members of the Nominating Committee, the President shall take into account the needs of CMS, its school and its various constituencies. A majority of the Nominating Committee may consist of non-trustees. The Nominating Committee shall nominate candidates to the board of trustees for consideration at the annual meeting of the board of trustees and shall nominate candidates to fill vacancies occurring in the board of trustees for consideration by the board of trustees. SECTION 3. Other Committees. The board of trustees may designate one (1) or more additional committees. The board shall designate each such committee either as an Advisory Committee, which may or may not have as its members trustees, or as a Board Committee, which shall consist of two (2) or more trustees, a chairperson selected by the board, and such other persons as the chair of the committee or the board shall appoint, provided that a majority of its membership shall be trustees. SECTION 4. Board Committees. The following provisions shall govern the conduct of Board Committees: (a) Manner of Acting. Each Board Committee, to the extent provided in the resolution creating such Board Committee and except as limited by law, the articles of incorporation or these bylaws, shall have and exercise the authority of the board of trustees in the management of the corporation; provided that it shall not have the power or authority to adopt a plan for the distribution of the assets of the corporation, or for dissolution; fill vacancies on the board of trustees, elect, appoint or remove any officer or fix the compensation of any member of a Board Committee or trustee; adopt, amend, or repeal the bylaws or the articles of incorporation; adopt a plan of merger or adopt a plan of consolidation with another corporation, or authorize the sale, lease, exchange or mortgage of all or substantially all of the property or assets of the corporation; or amend, alter, repeal or take action inconsistent with any resolution or action of the board of trustees when the resolution or action of the board provides by its terms that it shall not be amended, altered or repealed by action of a Board Committee. Unless otherwise provided in the resolution creating a Board Committee, such Board Committee may by majority vote of its members fix the time and place of its meetings, specify what notice of meetings, if any, shall be given, and fix its rules of procedure, which shall not be inconsistent with these bylaws or with rules adopted by the board of trustees. 4
5 (b) Term of Office. Each member of a Board Committee shall continue as such until his or her successor is appointed, unless the Board Committee shall be sooner terminated, or unless such member be removed from such Board Committee, or unless such member shall cease to qualify as a member thereof. (c) Vacancies. Vacancies in the membership of any Board Committee may be filled by appointments made in the same manner as provided in the case of the original appointments. (d) Quorum. Unless otherwise provided in the resolution of the board of designating a committee, a majority of the whole Board Committee shall constitute a quorum and the act of a majority of the members present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board Committee. (e) Action Without Meeting. Any action which may be taken at a meeting of a Board Committee may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by all of the members of the Board Committee entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof. (f) Attendance by Telephone. Members of a Board Committee may participate in any meeting through the use of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can communicate with each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting. SECTION 5. Advisory Committees. Any committee that the board does not designate as a Board Committee shall be an Advisory Committee, which may not act on behalf of the corporation or bind it to any action, but may make recommendations to the board or the officers. ARTICLE VI OFFICERS SECTION 1. Enumeration. The officers of the corporation shall be a president, a vicepresident, a secretary, a treasurer and a head of school. The board of trustees may also elect one or more additional vice presidents or assistant secretaries or assistant treasurers and such other officers as it shall deem appropriate. The president and the first vice president shall be trustees, but any other officer may or may not be a trustee as the board of trustees shall determine. Officers whose authority and duties are not prescribed in these bylaws shall have the authority and perform the duties prescribed, from time to time, by the board of trustees. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person, except the offices of president and first vice president and president and secretary. SECTION 2. Term of Office. The officers of the corporation other than the head of school shall be elected at the annual meeting of the board of trustees. All officers shall hold office until their successors are elected and qualified or until their death, resignation or removal. Vacancies may be filled or new offices created and filled at any meeting of the board of trustees. Election of an officer shall not of itself create contract rights. Any officer elected by the board of trustees may be removed by the board whenever in its judgment the best interests of the 5
6 corporation would be served thereby. Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. SECTION 3. President. The president shall be the principal executive officer of the corporation. Subject to the direction and control of the board of trustees, the president shall have general supervision, direction and control of the general business and affairs of the corporation and shall perform all duties incident to the office of president and such other duties as may be assigned to him or her by the board of trustees. Except in those instances in which the authority to execute is expressly delegated to another office or agent of the corporation or a different mode of execution is expressly prescribed by the board of trustees, the president may execute for the corporation any contracts, deeds, mortgages, bonds, or other instruments which the board of trustees has authorized to be executed, and he or she may accomplish such execution either under or without the seal of the corporation and either individually or with the secretary, any assistant secretary, or any other officer thereunto authorized by the board of trustees, according to the requirements of the form of the instrument. The president may vote all securities which the corporation is entitled to vote except as and to the extent such authority shall be vested in a different officer or agent of the corporation by the board of trustees. SECTION 4. Vice President. The vice president shall perform such duties and have such other powers as shall be assigned to him or her by the president or the board of trustees. Further, in the absence of the president or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, the vice president shall perform the duties of the president and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the president. SECTION 5. Secretary. The secretary shall keep a record of all proceedings of the board of trustees in a book to be kept for that purpose; see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these bylaws or as required by law; be custodian of the corporate records and of the seal of the corporation; and perform all duties incident to the office of secretary and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the president or by the board of trustees. SECTION 6. Treasurer. The treasurer shall have charge of and be responsible for the maintenance of adequate books of account for the corporation; have charge and custody of all funds and securities of the corporation, and be responsible for the receipt and disbursement thereof; and perform all duties incident to the office of a treasurer and such other duties as may be assigned to him or her by the president or the board of trustees. With the approval of the board of trustees, the treasurer may delegate specified duties to an assistant treasurer or other person for the effective conduct of the affairs of the corporation. SECTION 7. Head. The head shall be the chief administrative and operating officer of the corporation and shall in general supervise and control all of the educational affairs of the corporation and its day-to-day operations, including recruiting and supervision of teachers, school curriculum, student admission standards, general supervision of students, financial matters, building and grounds, fund raising, liaison with the parent body, and such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of trustees from time to time. 6
7 ARTICLE VII GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 1. Contracts. The board of trustees may authorize any officer or officers or agent or agents of the corporation to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. SECTION 2. Check, Drafts, Etc. All funds of the corporation shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the corporation in such banks, trust companies, or other depositories as the board of trustees may select. All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the corporation, shall be signed by such officer or officers or agent or agents of the corporation and in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the board of trustees. In the absence of such determination by the board of trustees, such instruments shall be signed by the secretary and countersigned by the president of the corporation. No loan shall be contracted on behalf of the corporation and no evidence of indebtedness shall be issued in its name unless authorized by the board of trustees. SECTION 3. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the board of trustees. SECTION 4. Seal. On the corporate seal shall be inscribed the name of the corporation and the words Corporate Seal and Illinois. SECTION 5. Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given under law, the articles of incorporation or the bylaws of the corporation, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice. SECTION 6. Amendments. The power to alter, amend, or repeal the bylaws or adopt new bylaws shall be vested in the board of trustees. Such action may be taken at a meeting for which written notice of the specific purpose shall be given. The bylaws may contain any provisions for the regulation and management of the affairs of the corporation not inconsistent with law or the articles of incorporation. SECTION 7. Conflicts of Interest. (a) These bylaws recognize that both real and apparent conflicts of interest or dualities of interest (hereinafter referred to as conflicts ) sometimes naturally occur in the course of conducting the corporation s daily affairs. A conflict as used in these bylaws refers only to personal, proprietary interests of the persons covered by this policy and their families and not to philosophical or professional differences of opinion. The corporation s affirmative policy shall be to require that all actual or apparent conflicts be disclosed promptly and fully to all necessary parties and to prohibit specified involvement in the affairs of the corporation by persons having such conflicts. (b) This policy shall apply to all members of the board of trustees and its committees and officers, and such other individuals as the board of trustees shall determine. The secretary shall have the affirmative obligation to publicize periodically this policy to all such parties. 7
8 (c) All persons to whom this policy applies shall disclose all real and apparent conflicts which they discover or have brought to their attention in connection with the corporation s activities. Disclosure as used in these bylaws shall mean providing promptly to the appropriate persons a written description of the facts comprising real and apparent conflict. An annual disclosure statement shall be circulated to all persons to whom this policy applies to assist them in considering such disclosures, but disclosure is appropriate whenever conflicts arise. The written disclosure of notices of conflicts shall be filed with the president or any other person designated by him or her from time to time to receive such notifications. All disclosure notices received hereunder shall be noted for record in the minutes of a meeting of the board of trustees. (d) When an individual trustee, committee member, officer or person covered by this policy believes that he or she or a member of his or her immediate family might have or does have a real or apparent conflict, he or she should, in addition to filing the disclosure notice required under this Section 7, abstain from making motions, voting, executing agreements, or taking any other similar direct action on behalf of the corporation where the conflict might pertain, but he or she shall not be precluded from debate or other similar involvement on behalf of the corporation, but shall recuse himself or herself on any vote on such matter, and his or her presence shall be counted in determining whether a quorum exists at any meeting of the board of trustees. When any person requests in writing, or upon its own initiative, the board at any time may establish further guidelines consistent with the interests of the corporation for the resolution of any real or apparent conflicts. ARTICLE VIII INDEMNIFICATION AND INSURANCE SECTION 1. Third Party Actions. The corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party, or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a trustee, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or who is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, if such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation, or, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, that the person had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. SECTION 2. Suits By Or In The Right Of The Corporation. The corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party, or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a trustee, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, 8
9 officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit, if such person acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation, provided that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of his or her duty to the corporation, unless, and only to the extent that the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability, but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the court shall deem proper. SECTION 3. Rights Upon Success. To the extent that a trustee, officer, employee or agent of the corporation has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in Sections (1) and (2) of this Article VIII, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith. SECTION 4. Determination of Indemnification. Any indemnification under Sections (1) and (2) of this Article VIII (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the corporation only as authorized in the specific case, upon a determination that indemnification of the trustee, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections (1) and (2) of this Article VII. Such determination shall be made (i) by the board of trustees by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of trustees who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding and (ii) if such a quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable, a quorum of disinterested trustees so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion. SECTION 5. Payment of Expenses In Advance. Expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding, as authorized by the board of trustees in the specific case, upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the trustee, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount, unless it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized in this Article VII. SECTION 6. Non-Exclusivity And Continuity. The indemnification provided by this Article VIII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of disinterested trustees, or otherwise, both as to action in his or her official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a trustee, officer, employee or agent, and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. SECTION 7. Insurance. The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a trustee, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or who is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against any liability 9
10 asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Article VIII. 10
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text:
Kiwaia är ett släkte av fjärilar. Kiwaia ingår i familjen stävmalar.

Dottertaxa till Kiwaia, i alfabetisk ordning

 Kiwaia aerobatis
 Kiwaia brontophora
 Kiwaia caerulea
 Kiwaia calaspidea
 Kiwaia cheradias
 Kiwaia contraria
 Kiwaia dividua
 Kiwaia dryosyrta
 Kiwaia eurybathra
 Kiwaia glaucoterma
 Kiwaia heterospora
 Kiwaia hippeis
 Kiwaia jeanae
 Kiwaia kumatai
 Kiwaia lapillosa
 Kiwaia lenis
 Kiwaia lithodes
 Kiwaia matermea
 Kiwaia monophragma
 Kiwaia neglecta
 Kiwaia palaearctica
 Kiwaia parapleura
 Kiwaia parvula
 Kiwaia pharetria
 Kiwaia plemochoa
 Kiwaia pulverea
 Kiwaia pumila
 Kiwaia quieta
 Kiwaia ramulata
 Kiwaia schematica
 Kiwaia secunda
 Kiwaia spinosa
 Kiwaia thyraula

Källor

Externa länkar

Stävmalar
Kiwaia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Donald Trump speaks during a campaign event in Atlanta, Georgia, on June 15, 2016.
Last week, a delegate to the RNC's convention rules committee speculated to me that it would take four or five terrible weeks like last week, when Trump ranted about the Mexican ethnicity of an Indiana-born judge, for convention delegates to block Donald Trump as the Republican nominee for President.
Welcome to the end of Donald Trump's terrible week two.
Trump's sickening victory lap following the massacre of 49 victims in Orlando made the seemingly impossible increasingly plausible: for Republicans who oppose him to wrest the nomination from his short-fingered grip.
Friday, RNC Chair Reince Priebus appointed Enid Mickelsen, a Utah convention rules delegate, as chair of the all-important convention rules committee. Mickelsen, who has said it's a "shame" Trump isn't an appropriate role model for children, was quoted in March saying that convention rules could be changed, including whether delegates are bound.
It's time for GOP leaders and grassroots activists to step up and make the case for dumping Trump: the brand licensor is simply not electable. According to a recent Washington Post/ABC News poll, there are now more anti-Trump American voters—seven out of ten Americans—than Republicans who will vote for Trump. (The poll was taken before Trump gloated over the bloodshed of 49 innocent people, so Clinton's overall 12 point lead could potentially be even larger.) At Trump's current level of support, it's far-fetched that Trump could even win as many electoral votes as Mitt Romney.
With historic unfavorables and only 143 days until the election, a Republican victory is at the mercy of Clinton getting indicted by the Obama Justice Department. By nominating Donald Trump, Republicans might as well coronate a corrupt and craven politician with terrible judgment on the most pressing national security issues of our era. Republicans will hand the White House to Hillary Clinton in a historic loss, with countless down ballot races in peril because of Trump's toxicity to so much of the electorate.
The fault line navigated by GOP leadership through this entire embarrassing debacle has been neutering Trump without alienating his supporters. Is this as much of an issue for the party if today, not even half of voters who are conservatives view him favorably?
In 2012, white uneducated voters—Trump's critical voting bloc—only comprised 36 percent of the electorate. Though he may love the "poorly educated," they don't love him back; Trump declined in double-digits with this group over the past month. Keep in mind that since 77 percent of women don't like Trump, that leaves him with only a fraction of potential female voters to begin with.
And if the rules committee is stacked with anti-Trump and pro-Cruz delegates—which does seem to be the case—the week before the RNC convention could be the most interesting, if party leaders and activists will step up and make clear the only message that matters: Trump will be a huge loser in November.
The big question will be if the committee votes to free up "bound" delegates. To dump Trump, a majority of the convention delegates would have to vote for the change to open up the floor for other candidates.
Trump would be able to call the system rigged—so let him. Trump clearly doesn't represent the majority views of the party, and he didn't win a majority of the primary or caucus votes.
"At the root of everything that we're trying to accomplish is the belief that America has a mission. We are a nation of freedom, living under God, believing all citizens must have the opportunity to grow, create wealth, and build a better life for those who follow. If we live up to those moral values, we can keep the American dream alive for our children and our grandchildren, and America will remain mankind's best hope," said Reagan, in celebration of Hispanic Heritage Week, at the White House.
That's a mission and a vision of the party and country that Republicans can still save from Donald Trump—and where there's a will, there's a way.


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On Apr 9, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reduced its growth forecast for the year once again. The international lending body believes economic headwinds including monetary tightening by the Federal Reserve and trade conflicts could derail global growth in the months ahead.
The IMF also cited industrial production data and surveys of purchasing managers to justify its projection for slower global growth in 2019. Meanwhile, even as China implements stimulus measures to boost its flagging economy, the situation in Eurozone remains worrying.
With a lurking global economic slowdown, it makes sense to fortify your portfolio for such conditions. In such an event, demand for products and services generated by utilities, consumer staples and medical companies remain invariant. Investing in stocks from these sectors looks like a smart option.
On Tuesday, the IMF reduced its forecast for global economic growth for the third time in six months. The international lending body now believes that global growth will clock in at 3.3% for 2019, 0.2% lower than the estimate released in January. However, its projection for 2020 remained flat at 3.6%.
And despite the Federal Reserve's recent attempts to step away from its earlier hawkish standpoint, the IMF thinks a change in the monetary stance of central banks could also imperil global growth. The IMF thinks that market expectations for the federal funds rate is well below the Fed's projections.
According to the global lender, this is likely to "result in higher US interest rates, renewed dollar appreciation, and tighter financial conditions" for emerging economies with large volumes of debt.
Speaking at a news conference in Washington on Tuesday, IMF chief economist Gita Gopinath said that this was a "delicate moment for the global economy." The IMF believes that coordinated global stimulus measures would be needed to cushion the impact of a sharp downturn. Gopinath added that a dovish monetary approach would also be needed to counter the slowdown.
According to the IMF, most of the global economy's likely troubles this year will originate from problems in developed economies, including leading members of the EU. Apart from the impact of an inevitable Brexit, other factors are impeding growth in the region.
The outlook for Germany, the Eurozone's economic powerhouse, has softened because of sluggish demand for exports and a decline in consumer spending. Tougher emission standards are also likely to weigh on sales of cars produced in the country.
The IMF's decision to cut global growth projections is likely to rattle investors across the world. The risks it lays out while justifying this reduction are very real and likely to weigh on the pace of economic expansion in the near term.
Investing in stocks whose demand remains invariant even during an all-encompassing slowdown looks prudent at this time. Picking utilities, consumer staples and medical stocks for your portfolio would be a good option. However, picking winning stocks may prove to be difficult.
Unilever PLC (UL - Free Report)	is engaged in manufacturing of branded and packaged consumer goods, including food, detergents and personal care product on a global basis.
Unilever has a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy) and VGM Score of A. The company has expected earnings growth of 2.5% for the current year. The Zacks Consensus Estimate for the current year has improved by 6% over the past 30 days.
Medifast, Inc. (MED - Free Report)	is a leading manufacturer and distributor of clinically proven healthy living and nutritional products.
Medifast has a VGM Score of B. The company has expected earnings growth of 41.1% for the current year. The stock has a Zacks Rank #1. You can see the complete list of today's Zacks #1 Rank stocks here.
Molina Healthcare, Inc. (MOH - Free Report)	is a multi-state managed care organization participating exclusively in government-sponsored health care programs.
Molina Healthcare has a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy) and VGM Score of A. The Zacks Consensus Estimate for the current year has improved by 6.5% over the past 60 days.
Johnson and Johnson, Inc. (JNJ - Free Report)	focuses on the development, manufacturing, and marketing of pharmaceutical, medical and consumer-related healthcare products.
Johnson and Johnson has a Zacks Rank #2 and VGM Score of B. The company has expected earnings growth of 4.9% for the current year. The Zacks Consensus Estimate for the current year has improved by 0.1% over the past 30 days.
MYR Group Inc. (MYRG - Free Report)	is a holding company of leading specialty contractors serving the electrical infrastructure market throughout the United States and Canada.
MYR Group has a Zacks Rank #2 and VGM Score of B. The company has expected earnings growth of 24.9% for the current year.


Caught up with my good friend Derek Bell in Florida a couple of weeks ago. He had just returned from a trip to Palm Springs with the Chairman and CEO of Bentley Motors, Dr. Wolfgang Dürheimer.
Derek told me he was delighted to be invited by Mr Dürheimer to join the sign-off process for the car. DB has been very close to Bentley since the Le Mans program in 2001-03.
A few days after our lunch, DB was off to Sweden with Mr. Dürheimer and the engineers for the final winter test sign-off before the public launch.
Derek is co-owner of a Bentley dealership in Naples, Florida so he and his management team are really looking forward to the business the SUV will bring.
DB, who also enjoys strong links with Porsche, said that as good as the Porsche Cayenne is, he thinks the Bentayga is in a class by itself. He said the W12 engine is so smooth, and the power delivery is so linear that the performance can take you by surprise.
I must admit I'm not a great fan of SUVs, but one of my old friends at the factory in Crewe said: "JC, you got to drive this thing to realize just how good it is."


I have had plenty of experience working in schools in the West Midlands, working towards the EYFS and National Curriculum. I like to teach with lots of fun resources to ensure children are enjoying themselves, as well as me! I also love to record children's progress and create evidence to show the children's progress to relevant parties and also because it gives parents an insight of how their child is doing! The best part of doing this job is seeing children thrive and also seeing parents enlightened by their child's attainment and progress.


China is a collective culture vs. Europe and North America with cultures based on individualism, and understanding Confucianism helps explain how China's collective culture works.
China has never been dominated by one religion like Christianity dominates Europe and all of the Americas or Islam dominates the Middle East and most of North Africa.
In China, Confucianism developed during the Spring and Autumn period from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (551–479 BCE). His philosophy concerns the fields of ethics and politics, emphasizing personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice, traditionalism, and sincerity. Over time, Confucianism replaced Chinese Legalism.
Chinese Buddhism entered China from India during the Late Han Dynasties. By the time of the Tang dynasty five-hundred years after Buddhism's arrival into China, it had transformed into a thoroughly Chinese religious philosophy dominated by the school of Zen Buddhism. Neo-Confucianism became highly popular during the Song dynasty and Ming Dynasty due in large part to the eventual combination of Confucian and Zen Philosophy.
In Europe and the Americas, there is Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Rene Descartes, John Lock, et al. In the West, instead of one major philosopher, there are many. Western Philosophy refers to philosophical thinking beginning with Ancient Greece and Rome, extending through central and Western Europe and, since Columbus, the Americas.
Westerners put more emphasis on individual rights while Easterners focus on social responsibility.
China is a collective culture vs the west that is based on individualism, and this difference might explain why China was the wealthiest, most technologically advanced civilization on the planet for about 1,500 years up until the 16th century.
In individualism each individual is acting on his or her own, making their own choices and are not guided by the collective, and to the extent they interact with the rest of the group, it's as individuals.
Collectivism views the group as the primary entity and most if not all individuals are expected to conform. Harmony is considered the foundation of a collective culture while divisiveness is the foundation of individuality.
Note: When I started iLookChina in January 2010, I set a goal to write and publish three blog posts a day until I reached 1,000 posts, and then I slowed down. More than seven years later, iLookChina has now published 2,355 posts with more than one-million words. That's why I have decided to slow down some more. Starting today, I will be posting once a week on Wednesdays. To the more than twenty-thousand amazing people that follow iLookChina, thank you.
The Search for Happiness in bold white print was splashed across the cover of my November 2017 issue of National Geographic Magazine. In the United States, it has been my perception that the search for happiness sends many people to places like Disneyland or out to eat something that is horrible for their long term health. Maybe buying that type of happiness explains why more than 70-percent of Americans are fat or obese. In other words, when feeling depressed, spend money and while out shopping, walk around texting your friends nonstop until you run into a tree or bounce off other pedestrians because you weren't paying attention to what was going on around you.
I think this type of thinking is one reason why the U.S. child prodigy Grace VanderWaal wrote and sang "So Much More Than This".
Money will buy fleeting happiness but unless you have an endless supply of money to keep buying that happiness, it will not last long. That's why I think buying happiness is the same as being addicted to cocaine and heroin. The withdrawal symptoms when the money dries up are agonizing.
What does harmony mean to many in China and can harmony lead to a more stable form of happiness?
In China, harmony plays an important role in everyday life. Cultural etiquette among Chinese revolves around harmony as Confucius taught. Confucianism still plays an important role in Chinese society. It is a system of ethics and conduct, the obligations of people toward each other based on their relationships.
Even the way the government in China does business is governed by the same principals. As much as most Americans and Europeans seem incapable of understanding China, the Chinese often see foreigners as barbaric when they do not behave properly according to Chinese standards.
Understanding cultural differences is a two-way street.
The Chinese legal system may have been shattered during Mao's Cultural Revolution but that didn't last forever. After Mao died, China rose from the ashes like a phoenix and a lot has changed since then.
For instance, China became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on December 11, 2001. The admission of China to the WTO was preceded by a lengthy process of negotiations and required significant changes to China itself.
Many elements in China's WTO accession agreement required improving the rule of law. When China joined the WTO, China agreed to ensure that its legal measures would be consistent with its WTO obligations and that led to China's Rule of Law Reform.
In addition, China made a substantial number of other WTO commitments related to the rule of law in areas of transparency, judicial review, uniform enforcement of laws, and nondiscriminatory treatment.
China then reformed its judicial processes to ensure that they were compatible with its WTO commitments.
This transition from Chinese to western legalism hasn't been as smooth as some critics wanted it to be, but it is taking place, and it's clear that in the last few decades China has made an effort to fit into the community of nations while retaining its own identity.
That might be explained by the differences between Chinese legalism and Western legalism primarily related to morality. Western legalism defends the rule-of-law but argues against the morality of law. In contrast, Chinese legalism, especially in the early Pre-Qin era, did not separate morality from the law.
The fidelity to law in Chinese legalism was interpreted as the fidelity to the monarch in moral terms often as defined by Confucianism. In other words, morality in the United States and Europe is mostly based on the teachings of Christianity and many western philosophers while the morality of China is mostly based on Confucianism.
Understanding China's history and the morality that's part of its legal system is often ignored by many in the west, especially many Americans that judge China based on Western values and laws.
For instance, a conservative, born-again Christian, former friend of mine, once said to me that China needed a proper legal system. Since China already had a legal system, what did he mean by that?
I knew this individual for almost sixty-years, and I'm sure he meant that China should have a legal system like the one in the U.S. or the U.K. After all, he claimed scripture guided his life and the Christian Bible has been around for centuries proving it comes from God. To him, that meant there was no other choice. For his approval, China had to bend toward Christian scripture.
The problem with that logic is Confucius was around spreading his teaching for centuries before Jesus Christ was born, and the fact that the New Testament didn't exist for centuries until after Christ died meant that what Confucius taught has been around longer. Was God behind that too?
The Chinese learned from Confucius while in the West we learned from the likes of Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates. There were many other voices that influenced western thought, and Eternity in an Hour provides a list of famous western philosophers. Do you think that too many voices often leads to confusion, and that might explain why Chinese civilization has been more stable over the millennia than the west has?
If China becomes the world's super power in the next fifty to one-hundred years, will the Chinese judge the United States and Europe based on Confucian morality?
How are women doing in China compared to the United States?
In 1949, Mao announced that women hold up half the sky. In one day they went from being the property of men to being equal. Sixty-eight years later, how are women doing in China?
When we isolate China and report these facts, China looks bad, doesn't it?
But how does China compare to the United States when it comes to women reaching the top?
Quartz.com tells us "No country comes even close to China in self-made female billionaires." China has 56 self-made female billionaires; The United States only has 15. China has almost four times as many self-make female billionaires.
You are currently browsing the archives for the American culture category.


The configuration for the boot cmd is stored in another partition, it is not affected by the bootloader upgrade.
For those who have problems with the EMRK script, here are ERLite-3 and ERPoe-5 dd images I've created from default un-modified firmware. Images are from 2GB USB stick, so you may want to re-size the 2nd partition for bigger sticks after the install.
Hi - I just wanted to add my thanks here & confirm for other that these images work perfectly.
I used the 1.9.0 image and wrote it to a Lexar "LJDV10-8GB-000-110" 8GB flash drive (which I had to crack out of its plastic shell so it'd fit) and it boots great.
I'd previously tried another image (filename "EdgeOS 4GB Image.zip") that I found on one of these forums and that didn't work at all.
After reading reports that some people believe the AC adapter to be the cause of the ERLite faults, I decided to look closely at the USB flash drive in mine. I've detailed the investigation I did here. In my case I found that the flash drive passed all tests, so I've put it back into service with a new AC adapter. I'll be interested to see if it has further issues, but I have some small flash drives on order that I'll set aside as backups just in case.
The details in the OP got me up and running again.
I'm on the original internal flash drive, i've not checked it's integrity, but will do if it happens again.
I run my unit on off grid directly on the 12v system, so it sees voltages from 11.1 to 13.8, this should be a non issue for a modern switch mode powersupply.
I fo have my unit grounded with the provided tag, i might ordinarily be too lazy to but it happens to be near my electronics work bench which has points for earthing.
Hopefully i won't have to do this again, but if i do at least i'm familiar with the process.
I'm no networking pro, just a keen prosumer, but if anyone in Australia has a similar issue and not the clues or equiptment to give this a go then message me, might be able to work something out.
so changed USB drive to Kingston Data Traveler, flashed again and it works again.
I myself had pwoer adapter changed, also I had UNMS set up and then remove the server, this migh have cause lots of logs written?


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UNITED STATES OF INEQUALITY
Science Supports Supervised Injection Sites. Why Don't Politicians Agree?
Safe injection facilities represent the highest ideal of harm reduction services for people who inject drugs, yet in the United States remain almost prohibitively controversial.
Judith Lewis Mernit
Supervised injection stations at Vancouver's Insite. (Photo: Insite)
Any state that opens a supervised consumption site risks running afoul of federal law. Yet several U.S. cities and nonprofits plan to go ahead with the facilities anyway.
Harm reduction for drug users, which includes everything from distributing clean needles to HIV testing to supervised injection sites, has shown to be one of the most effective strategies for slowing the spread of disease and lowering overdose rates. In some parts of California, however, the approach remains misunderstood and controversial. This week our three-part series, "Moving the Needle," looks at the obstacles faced by harm reduction organizations in rural Northern California.
Monday Judith Lewis Mernit reported from Ukiah, where people who use drugs find acceptance and community without stigma or shame. Tuesday Mernit described how a model harm reduction center divides the city of Eureka — but also saves lives.
Today: Safe injection facilities are at the front line of a health-care revolution for drug users — and of a potential showdown with the Trump administration.
Somewhere in the U.S., at a location disclosed only to a select few, there exists a clean, bright room where people sit in comfortable chairs and inject illegal drugs with sterile equipment, under the watchful eyes of caring staff. They bring their own drugs, obtained on the street or through a dealer, and can test them, if they choose to, for the presence of fentanyl, a dangerously powerful synthetic opioid often mixed into heroin supplies (and possibly methamphetamine as well). They can relax, take the time to clean the injection site thoroughly with an alcohol wipe, find a useful vein without having to hurry.
When they are done injecting, they safely dispose of their syringes in a biohazard box and move into an adjoining room, where they continue to be monitored for signs of overdose. If a person nods off, appears to have trouble breathing, or turns pale and clammy, a trained technician can administer naloxone, an opioid overdose-reversal drug, and save that person's life. In this one facility's four-year history, 18 overdoses have been reversed, according to Alex Kral, an infectious disease epidemiologist in San Francisco with the nonprofit research agency RTI International.
In a dozen countries — including France, the Netherlands and Australia — only one fatal overdose has ever been associated with supervised consumption.
Supervised consumption sites, also called safe injection facilities or SIFs, represent the highest ideal of harm reduction services for people who inject drugs. While syringe-exchange programs help reduce the spread of blood-borne diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C, and naloxone distribution among first responders, community members and the drug users themselves helps reduce overdose deaths, supervised consumption sites virtually eliminate fatalities.
Among the 120-some SIFs that have operated legally, some for more than 20 years, in a dozen countries — including France, the Netherlands and Australia — only one fatal overdose has ever been associated with supervised consumption. (That one death, which happened later at a hospital near a SIF in Canada's capital city, Ottawa, may have been caused by a heroin supply adulterated with a fentanyl analog such as carfentanil, a drug used to sedate elephants.)
The sites have also been found to have a positive, or at least neutral, impact on drug-related crime and violence in the neighborhoods where they exist. Supervised consumption in a contained facility could also address the biggest problem communities say they have with syringe-exchange programs, which is that, whether or not the exchange is to blame, needle litter turns up in playgrounds and parks. "I talked to a police captain here in San Francisco," Kral reports, "and he said, 'You mean the drug users go in a building, inject their drugs, and the needles stay there when they leave? I'm in!'"
Syringe discarded by heroin user. (Getty Images)
Supervised consumption sites, like syringe-exchange programs, also serve as a point of connection with health care for people with substance use disorders who want to stop, or at least change the way they use drugs — which includes nearly everyone who uses drugs. "Most people are thinking every day, 'I've got to stop using drugs. I'm going to die like this,'" says Barry Zevin, medical director of Street Medicine and Shelter Health in the city of San Francisco. "But it's really hard to walk into a treatment program and ask for help when you're actively using." Much better to go to where people are using, in the places where they feel comfortable, maybe even safe.
Nevertheless, supervised consumption sites in the United States remain almost prohibitively controversial. Last year, a California bill that would have authorized pilot programs in eight counties with high overdose rates — Humboldt and Mendocino among them — failed in the state legislature. This session, the bill's authors, Assemblymember Susan Eggman (D-Stockton) and state Senator Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco), pared down their ask to a single four-year experiment in San Francisco, and rebranded it as an "overdose prevention" bill. It passed both houses, only to die by Governor Jerry Brown's pen.
Within two years of its 2003 opening, North America's first supervised consumption site, in Vancouver, Canada, was associated with a 30 percent increase in detox enrollment.
Brown's press secretary, Evan Westrup, claims the Governor acknowledged the research on supervised consumption when he wrote, in his September 30 veto letter, that "The supporters of the bill believe these 'injection centers' will have positive impacts, including the reduction of deaths, disease and infections resulting from drug use." But "the governor also considered the views of those opposed to the legislation," including law enforcement and drug court judges. "After weighing both sides," Westrup wrote in an email, "[the governor] ultimately concluded that" — as he wrote in the letter — "the disadvantages of this bill far outweigh the possible benefits."
"I do not believe," reads the veto letter, "that enabling illegal drug use in government sponsored injection centers — without any corresponding requirement that the user undergo treatment — will reduce drug addiction."
"Nobody wakes up one morning and says, 'Hey, there's this supervised consumption site in my neighborhood! I'm going to go and inject drugs now.'"
But the supporters of the bill aren't relying on anything so malleable as belief. Instead they cite decades of scientific research demonstrating that supervised consumption sharply reduces the incidence of death, disease and infection among injection drug users. There is also ample evidence that coercive treatment fails, 12-step programs work only five to 10 percent of the time, and supervised consumption often serves as a pathway to voluntary treatment. Within two years of its opening in 2003, North America's first supervised consumption site, Insite in Vancouver, Canada, was associated with a 30 percent increase in detox enrollment. Later studies have confirmed that the trend continues.
Nor is there evidence to support the claim that supervised consumption "enables" drug use. "There's nobody who wakes up one morning and says, 'Hey, there's this supervised consumption site in my neighborhood! I'm going to go and inject drugs now,'" says Kral, who with Peter Davidson of the University of California, San Diego, is one of two researchers allowed in to study the clandestine supervised consumption site.
In fact, he says, the people who access the facilities "are people who've been injecting for a long time and have to come to some sort of terms with the fact that it's gotten so bad that they're willing to go to one of these places. It's not like stepping into a bar. These aren't fun late-night hangouts. They're not enabling people to do anything." Except stay alive.
"That's what it all comes down to," Kral says. "The first thing you've got to do is keep them from dying. Then let's think about treatment and all of the other options."
Kral remembers a time when the "enabling" argument was used against another harm reduction effort, the distribution of the overdose-reversal drug naloxone. "The words people used back then were, 'This is a parachute drug. You're giving people a parachute, so now they're going to think it's fine to jump off planes.'" That criticism has fallen away as the crisis has grown more severe, but it still persists in some circles, as does the idea that people who use drugs have no agency to make decisions for themselves.
If it hadn't been for opioids, the country would still be in a crisis of substance use disorders. Only the substances would be different.
Elinore McCance-Katz, the assistant secretary for mental health and substance use at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), recently wrote that she opposes fentanyl test strips on the grounds that "people who are severely addicted will actually use the test strips to seek fentanyl, which might be able to give them the high that their current opioid no longer gives them."
It's that kind of "paternalistic attitude," Kral says, that often stands in the way of services that can protect the health of people while they're using drugs. But it also reflects a misunderstanding of how and why people get high. Leo Beletsky, an associate professor of law and health sciences at Northeastern University, argues that the nationwide opioid crisis wasn't born simply of a loose prescribing environment for new and misleadingly marketed painkillers. It happened because those drugs became available during a time when people were feeling the sting of shrinking incomes, home foreclosures and disappearing opportunities.
"Opioids were the spark," he says, "but broader societal changes created the fuel. The decline of unionization, poor job conditions, the dismantling of public assistance — all of it gets swept under the rug with this simplistic view of opioids being the causal factor." If it hadn't been for opioids, the country would still be in a crisis of substance use disorders. Only the substances would be different.
There already exist injection sites in every city, town and county: They're called public bathrooms.
It's worth remembering that, decades before opioids were a national obsession, overdose rates were already at crisis levels in urban communities of color, as well as in certain desperately poor counties in Appalachia and New Mexico. "Opioids were able to penetrate communities that would have been more likely to use alcohol, or other substances, like Valium," Beletsky says. And "the use of benzodiazepines and amphetamines is [also] through the roof" right now.
As is the use of heroin and fentanyl. One of the consequences of restricting the prescription drug supply has been a sharp uptick in the use of far more dangerous street drugs. In 2015, law enforcement personnel who submitted illicit drugs for testing found twice as many tainted with fentanyl as they'd found the year before.
The discussion we should be having then, Beletsky continues, "isn't an opioids-only discussion," based on the idea that opioids are a contagion that needs to be contained. "It's a discussion about our physical and mental health as a nation."
Governor Brown was right about one thing in his letter: Any state that opens a supervised consumption site risks running afoul of federal law. The "crack house law," enacted in 1986, prohibits maintaining "any place, whether permanently or temporarily," for the purpose of using any controlled substance. In an August 27 New York Times opinion piece, Deputy U.S. Attorney General Rod Rosenstein promised "swift and aggressive action" against local jurisdictions that sanction supervised consumption facilities. He also claimed — again, without evidence — that SIFs "normalize drug use and facilitate addiction."
Several U.S. cities and nonprofits plan to go ahead with the facilities anyway. San Francisco Mayor London Breed has been adamant that she won't bow to state and federal authorities on the matter; Seattle's Human Services Department is discussing a mobile supervised consumption site. Ithaca, New York has a site "fully outfitted and ready to go," Kral says. New York City advocates have floated the idea of applying for a research license from both state and federal governments, in order to get around the legal constraints of opening a SIF.
In Philadelphia, the harm-reduction nonprofit Safehouse has already begun raising funds for what it calls an "overdose prevention site" (and which the regional U.S. Attorney calls a "deadly drug injection site"), with the support of former Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell. "It's somewhat possible," Rendell acknowledged to the Associated Press, that "they will come and arrest me."
Or maybe they won't. Beletsky has written that the law "was never intended to interfere with a legally authorized public health intervention," which supervised consumption sites clearly are. After all, there already exist injection sites in every city, town and county: They're called public bathrooms. And alleys, park gazebos and just about any place else one can find a place to hide. "We need to play that game where we require politicians to finish every sentence denouncing supervised injection facilities with the phrase, 'and that is why I think injecting alone in a McDonald's bathroom is better,'" wrote physician and harm reduction advocate Jonathan Giftos on Twitter.
"If you think this through at all, [the objections] are not about reality," Alex Kral says. The science, he notes, is clear on the benefits for both the community of people who use drugs and the community of people who want drug use to stop. Everything else "is just politics."
Judith Lewis Mernit's reporting on harm reduction in rural California was supported by the USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism's 2018 Impact Fund.
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