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OHCHR > English > News and Events > DisplayNews
Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities considers report of Serbia
GENEVA (6 April 2016) - The Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities this morning concluded its consideration of the initial report of Serbia on its implementation of the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Presenting the report, Suzana Paunovic, Director of the Office for Human and Minority Rights of Serbia, said that persons with disabilities represented 7.96 per cent of the population of Serbia. The 2006 Law on the Prevention of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities regulated the general regime for the prohibition of discrimination on the basis of disability, while the 2007 Strategy for the improvement of the position of persons with disabilities defined measures, goals and activities to improve the situation of persons with disabilities. Serbia had made significant steps towards deinstitutionalization, and had undertaken the creation of community-based services. Significant shifts in the area of employment had been made with the adoption in 2009 of the Law on Occupational Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disabilities, which guaranteed the principle of inclusiveness and introduced quotas.
Vladana Jovic, Deputy Ombudsman of Serbia, said that access to education was difficult for persons with disabilities, which also hindered the right to employment, and largely prevented persons with disabilities from being independent and autonomous. Persons with intellectual disabilities placed in residential social security institutions were particularly vulnerable.
Milos Jankovic, Deputy Ombudsman of Serbia and Member of the United Nations Subcommittee on the Prevention of Torture, said that conditions in detention facilities and mental health institutions were poor. Persons with disabilities, particularly those with mental impairment, were in isolation and often dislocated from their communities. There had been no major progress with regards to deinstitutionalization.
During the ensuing dialogue, Experts welcomed legislation adopted by Serbia, including the Law on the Prevention of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities. Experts were in general disturbed by the situation of children in institutions. Serbia had made little efforts towards deinstitutionalization, Experts noted, referring to the recent opening of new facilities. Committee Members also expressed concern with regards to the forced administration of contraceptives in institutions for persons with mental disabilities, and with regards to discrimination against women with disabilities victims of sexual violence in the Penal Code. Experts raised a number of questions on accessibility, including on the use of sign language and Braille for deaf and blind persons. Concerns were raised about the lack of inclusiveness of the education system. The migration crisis, emergency responses and the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development were also discussed.
In concluding remarks, Laszlo Gabor Lovaszy, Committee Member and Country Rapporteur for Serbia, welcomed the delegation of Serbia's constructive participation in the dialogue, and its detailed responses to the questions raised by Committee Members. He encouraged Serbia to give due consideration to the recommendations by the Committee and to continue efforts for the protection of persons with disabilities.
The delegation of Serbia included representatives of the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Labour, Employment, Veterans' and Social Affairs, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Public Administration and Local Self-Government, the Ministry of Culture and the Media, the Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure, the Office for Human and Minority Rights, as well as the Permanent Mission of Serbia to the United Nations Office at Geneva.
The Committee will resume its work today at 3 p.m., to start its consideration of the initial report of Lithuania (CRPD/C/LTU/1).
The initial report of Serbia can be read here: CRPD/C/SRB/1.
Presentation of the Report
SUZANA PAUNOVIC, Director of the Office for Human and Minority Rights of Serbia, presenting the initial report of Serbia, said that the Constitution of Serbia recognized international treaties as directly applicable in the domestic legal system. Serbia was committed to cooperate with United Nations human rights mechanisms, and had issued an open invitation to all Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. It also cooperated with the Council of Europe on minority issues and promoting the rule of law. Serbia was a candidate country of adhesion to the European Union, and was committed to adopt the best standards for the promotion and protection of human rights in all segments of society. Kosovo and Metohija province was also an important part of Serbia, although the State was not able to monitor the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities there as its administration was entrusted to the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo following United Nations resolutions. The Committee was invited to ask the Mission to provide input on the situation of persons with disabilities in this part of the Serbian territory so that the review of the situation in Serbia was complete.
According to a population census, persons with disabilities represented 7.96 per cent of the population of Serbia. The Law on the Prevention of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities, adopted in 2006, represented the first anti-discrimination law in the country, and regulated the general regime for the prohibition of discrimination on the basis of disability. The Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination adopted in 2009 considered discrimination on the basis of disability as a special form of discrimination. The Strategy for the improvement of the position of persons with disabilities of 2007 defined measures, goals and activities to improve the situation of persons with disabilities. The Law on Social Protection of 2011 introduced a range of new social protection services for persons with disabilities.
Serbia had made significant steps forward for deinstitutionalization, and had one of the lowest rates of institutionalization in Europe. Numerous activities had been taken for the creation of community-based services. The number of children in foster families had increased in recent years; foster care prevailed over institutionalization care, although there were still not enough families for specialized foster care for children with disabilities. Many of these children were adopted by foreigners. The Law on the Protection of Persons with Mental Health Difficulties of 2013 guaranteed the protection of human rights of persons with mental disabilities, and provided that a person with mental health difficulties could be voluntary admitted to an institution and only under special conditions could he or she be admitted without their consent.
Legislation provided the conditions to enable the successful inclusion of persons with disabilities in mainstream education. Significant shifts in the area of employment had been made in 2009 with the adoption of the Law on Occupational Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disabilities, which guaranteed the principle of inclusiveness and introduced quotas. The amended Labour Law obliged employers to provide alternative jobs to employees becoming unable to perform their previous assignments. The Law on Preventing Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities prohibited discrimination on the basis of accessibility. Legal provisions also provided the basis for enjoying the right to public information by persons with disabilities. Serbia was aware that challenges remained, in particular in improving the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities. The dialogue with the Committee would be useful for the Government's efforts to continue improving and strengthening the system for the protection of human rights in Serbia.
Statements by the National Human Rights Institution
VLADANA JOVIC, Deputy Ombudsman of Serbia, said that Serbia had done significant efforts in the last decade to fulfil its obligations under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Persons with disabilities still faced challenges, however, resulting from a long history of prejudice and segregation of persons with disabilities, which was hard to change without an intensive promotion of their rights and education. Challenges also resulted from the shortage and the wrong distribution of financial resources. Accessibility remained a problem despite the legislation imposing the obligation for public buildings, streets, and other public areas and infrastructure to be accessible. Access to education was difficult for persons with disabilities, due to the fact that additional support was insufficiently developed and due to the inaccessibility of facilities. This also hindered the right to employment, and largely prevented persons with disabilities from being independent and autonomous. Persons with mental impairment were the most vulnerable, as they were still largely placed into specialized institutions because community-based services remained underdeveloped. Persons with intellectual disabilities placed in residential social security institutions were particularly vulnerable.
MILOS JANKOVIC, Deputy Ombudsman of Serbia and Member of the United Nations Subcommittee on the Prevention of Torture, presented the Ombudsman's activities relating to the prevention of torture, including its visits to detention facilities and mental health institutions. The conditions in these institutions were poor, and not enough personnel worked there. Persons with disabilities, particularly those with mental impairment, were in isolation and often dislocated from their communities. There had been no major progress with regards to deinstitutionalization.
Questions by the Experts
LASZLO GABOR LOVASZY, Committee Member and Country Rapporteur for Serbia, welcomed Serbia's commitment to human rights and its ratification of many international human rights treaties. He welcomed the Law on the Prevention of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities and other encouraging signs in terms of increasing the employment of persons with disabilities. He asked for information on recent amendments to the Labour Law dealing with the termination of employment of persons with disabilities. He also asked what measures had been taken to prevent persons with disabilities from ending up in sheltered workshops or becoming unemployed or inactive. Some additional figures could be shared in relation to the efficiency of the so-called "quota system" in Serbia, he noted.
The Expert noted that Serbia had initiated a National Strategy for improving the position of women and promoting gender equality, but regretted that women with disabilities continued to face discrimination in the Criminal Code when it came to sanctions relevant to sexual violence, rape and sexual abuse.
The Country Rapporteur welcomed the recent adoption of the Law on the Use of Sign Language and the Law on the Movement of Blind Persons with the Assistance of Dogs, and asked for information on measures to be taken for the implementation of these texts. He also asked whether sign language was considered as the first language of deaf persons in judicial procedures and education. He welcomed progress in combatting disability-based discrimination, and asked what steps had been taken to ensure the right to vote of persons with disabilities.
Continuing, Mr. Lovaszy welcomed promising trends in the reduction of the number of persons with total deprivation of capacity and increased foster care for children with disabilities. However, reports alleged that, despite the legal prohibition, more than 40 children with disabilities under the age of three had been placed in institutions recently. In addition, a new institution had recently opened, and there seemed to be no long-term plan for deinstitutionalization.
The Expert welcomed the presence of pedagogical assistants in schools, having the role of intermediaries with parents. He asked whether these assistants had received appropriate training to deal with children with disabilities. He then asked for information on measures taken and funding allocated to ensure that children with disabilities had access to mainstream education and to provide reasonable accommodation for pupils and students.
Another Expert asked for information on mechanisms for the prevention of discrimination and for the implementation of the anti-discrimination legislation. An Expert asked whether the denial of reasonable accommodation was explicitly considered as a possible ground for discrimination in the Serbian legislation. A Committee member welcomed the fact that the Constitution of Serbia had enshrined the principle of non-discrimination, and asked whether the Government had conducted a thorough review of the Serbian legislation in order to identify potentially discriminatory legal provisions.
An Expert referred to the issue of violence against women with disabilities, and expressed concern that the Criminal Code provided a more lenient sentence when the victim of sexual violence was a woman with disability than if the victim was not a woman with disability. This was discriminatory and seemed to imply that a person with disability had less value than a person without disability.
More generally, Experts regretted the lack of measures and action plans aimed at addressing the vulnerability of women and girls with disabilities, including violence, negative stereotypes, institutionalization, and measures imposed on them to control their reproductive capacity without their consent.
An Expert noted the opening of a new institution for children with disabilities and recalled that this sort of institution was not in line with the spirit of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. She asked for statistics on the number of institutionalized children, and asked whether children were moved to adult institutions once they turned 18. Experts were in general disturbed by the situation of children in institutions, and expressed concerns about giving them psychotropic medication that was not licensed or approved for children. What measures would be taken to address forced prescription?
An Expert asked what measures had been taken to ensure that children with disabilities in institutions had access to education, and what measures had been adopted to promote access to inclusive, mainstream education. What awareness-raising initiatives had been carried out to promote a human rights-based approach to disability?
Questions were raised as regards accessibility standards, including for blind persons at the airport. Were there any sanction measures for those violating accessibility requirements provided for in the law? Were public transportation services accessible? Were organizations of persons with disabilities involved in the design of Serbia's accessibility plan? What measures were in place to promote and standardize sign language?
A number of questions pertained to organizations of persons with disabilities, and measures taken by the State to promote their participation in public policies.
Replies by the Delegation
Serbia was committed to collaborate with and empower civil society organizations, a delegate said. The Government had sought insight from organizations of persons with disabilities for the enactment of a number of laws. The recommendations by the Ombudsman were also taken into account.
The Criminal Code contained two relevant provisions, one related to rape, and the other related to intercourse with a defenceless person. The main element of the crime of rape was violence. The crime of intercourse with a defenceless person was introduced to enable protection in cases where the victim was unable to offer resistance, which was often the case when persons with disabilities were involved. Judges always aimed to assess disability as an aggravating circumstance and impose a higher penalty on the perpetrator.
Mechanisms for the prevention of discrimination were defined by the law on the Prevention of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities and the Discrimination Law. From 2012 to 2016, under these two pieces of legislation, there had been 27 litigation cases. There had also been 18 proceedings for the crime of violating equality of citizens, 223 cases for violations in the area of labour, 54 crime cases for intercourse with a minor and eight criminal cases for crimes based on race.
The Government had adopted a plan for the transformation of institutions for childcare, which prohibited institutionalization for children under the age of three. Institutionalization was exceptional, and concerned children who had been abused in their families. The Government had undertaken measures to strengthen the capacities of the families of children with intellectual impairments, including through educational workshops. The transformation plan had led to a significant reduction of the capacities of residential care institutions for children and youth.
On education, a delegate said that children with disabilities were educated in specialized schools. In addition, there were 119 classes in mainstream schools that could accommodate children with disabilities. Segregated education covered around one per cent of the students.
Psychotropic medication administrated to children had to be in compliance with European Union legislation, and had to be prescribed by a psychiatrist.
No medical procedure could be applied without the consent of the patient or his or her guardian. If a medical worker believed that the guardian was not acting in the best interest of the patient, they had to notify immediately the legal guardianship authority.
With regard to employment, a delegate said that Serbia had fully accepted the social model of disability, and had based word capacity assessments on this. Such assessment was performed by a multidisciplinary committee.
Moving to accessibility, the delegation said that public media services were obliged to use sign language. In 2015, Serbia organized a conference on the role of information technologies in the development of an inclusive society and persons with disabilities. For 2016, there was a plan for media training on sign language. The right to sign language interpreting services was guaranteed by law to every deaf person, and was funded by the Ministry of Labour. A rulebook defined measures and conditions for the planning, designing and the construction of buildings, including accessibility standards. In cases where these standards were not met, the law had a tangible penalty for investors. Serbia was in the process of adjusting its laws to European standards concerning public transportation and safety. Facilities of public importance were fully accessible, a delegate said. The State also promoted accessibility of cultural institutions at the national and local levels. Persons with disabilities would be able to vote at home, or with the help of a personal assistant.
An Expert asked a number of questions related to Article 11 on emergency situations, including on alternative measures available to inform persons with disabilities and on the role of organizations of persons with disabilities in the implementation of relevant legislation. Another Expert asked what was Serbia's strategy to protect persons with disabilities in the event of a natural disaster, and whether persons with disabilities themselves had been involved in the elaboration of such a strategy.
An Expert noted that Serbia still had large institutions where more than 6,700 persons with disabilities were still living, and that Serbia had recently opened additional institutions. Experts asked what measures were being taken to ensure deinstitutionalization, rather than to keep things the way they were. Another Expert asked whether the State would adopt measures to protect women with disabilities from sexual abuse and from the forced administration of drugs in institutions. Experts asked how the free and informed consent of women in institutions was guaranteed with regards to the use of contraception.
On accessibility, an Expert asked why sign language was not the primary means of communication with deaf persons in criminal proceedings. Was there any affirmative action to promote persons with disabilities in the judiciary professions? Were helplines for victims of violence available for deaf women? Was it possible to bring guide dogs into airports?
The amount of allowance for children with disabilities varied from 29,000 to 36,000 dinars for placement in foster care. The number of children in institutions was constantly decreasing. There were currently 474 children in institutions.
Serbian legislation ensured the freedom of movement of all persons with disabilities, including those accompanied by a guide dog. It was the same in airports and on airplanes, airlines simply had to be notified in advance of the presence of the animal in the aircraft.
Gender equality was one of the priority issues for the Serbian Government. A coordination body on gender equality had been established, and a new gender equality law was being developed, with a special focus on women with disabilities. In January, the Government had adopted a new national strategy focusing on economic empowerment, healthcare and combatting violence against women with disabilities. The first step taken was the creation of a helpline. Additionally, the Government was supporting the work of non-governmental organizations, particularly those working on access to health for women and assisting the victims of violence.
The Ministry of Justice had prepared a law on domestic violence, including protecting women with disabilities. An organizational law would improve mutual coordination among the different sectors on these issues. There would be designated persons in courts with certificates certifying that they had completed specific training on domestic violence.
Turning to Article 11 of the Convention, a delegate said that a manual for emergency situations had been made available to all citizens. A new law would be adopted to introduce new solutions for rescue operations. It would particularly focus on persons with disabilities, and organizations of persons with disabilities would be invited to comment on the draft text prior to its adoption.
Serbia was paying due attention to the current migration crisis, and had demonstrated great openness and willingness to address it. Migrants transiting in Serbia had been provided with healthcare, transportation and accommodation. Special care had been taken of pregnant women, including those who had delivered their baby in Serbia. In such cases, the babies were also provided with adequate care, and their birth had been administratively recorded. Serbia had worked collaboratively with the United Nations Refugee Agency, non-governmental organizations and journalists on these issues. Twenty-four asylum applications had been received in 2015, and 10 in 2016. None of them came from persons with disabilities.
The law provided that physical restraints could only be forcibly applied in psychiatric institutions to a person with mental health difficulties in exceptional cases, when this was the only way to prevent this person from putting his or her life – or the life of others – at risk. A person with mental health difficulties could be admitted in a psychiatric institution without his or her consent, or without the consent of his or her guardian when a psychiatrist assessed that this was necessary to protect his or her life, or the life of others. It was required to submit a notification to the competent court within 24 hours following forced institutionalization. The court was then required to hold a hearing within the following three days to hear the views of the parties.
Special education was only possible with the consent of the parents of a child with disability. There was no consensus on how to transform special schools, the delegation said. One possible way was to have a number of schools transformed in resource centres where they would support inclusive education. Some schools would become technology centres where education personnel could receive training on disability issues. Universities and student libraries had been made accessible to persons with disabilities.
Moving to human rights education for law enforcement officials, a delegate explained that a judicial academy had been established to provide training for future and current judges, including on European Union standards and the European Convention on Human Rights. Continued training for judges was organized through seminars on different topics of relevance. Training was also provided to prosecutors and police officers on issues such as non-discrimination. The police academy was also organizing training for police staff, including on human rights, non-discrimination and the rights of persons with disabilities.
An Expert asked how many service providers had been licensed so far and how many of them were providers of services for persons with disabilities. How many organizations financed by the Government had been licensed?
A Committee Member required additional information on safeguards to ensure that psychiatrists and personnel of psychiatric institutions could make decisions affecting persons with mental disabilities without bias.
Turning to education, Experts asked what measures had been taken to improve access to higher education for students with disabilities. Also, concerns were raised with regard to the lack of training on disability issues for teachers in inclusive schools. Were support teachers specifically trained to use sign language in classrooms?
Several Experts required further information on measures taken to accommodate the needs of deaf persons and blind persons in general, including access to, and recognition of, sign language and Braille. Experts referred specifically to access to information and the media, to access to the helpline for victims of gender violence, and to the publication of textbooks in Braille for students who needed them.
An Expert was concerned about the administration of contraceptives to institutionalized women and children, which could be decided by the institutions themselves when they acted as legal guardians. The forced administration of contraceptives was not a proper protection from sexual violence or its consequences, the Expert said. Other Experts echoed these concerns.
A Committee member asked what efforts would be made to promote disability inclusion in the framework of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. What measures had been taken by the State party to comply with the recommendations of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, particularly with regards to the eradication of poverty among persons with disabilities.
Accessible legal aid, SOS helplines and tele-assistance were provided by organizations of blind persons and other non-governmental organizations, with funding from the State. The Government was working in cooperation with the Federation of Deaf Persons in developing a training programme in sign language. After the adoption of the standardized sign language training programme, Serbia would be able to teach deaf culture and sign language at an advanced level. So far, 300 persons, including staff of various public services, had participated in sign language training programmes.
Inclusive education was a strategic choice for the Government. The Action Plan for Inclusive Education was about to be adopted, and would further specify the methods and mechanisms for achieving that goal. The Government did not have data on the education of children with disabilities, a delegate regretted. The Government wanted to define a mechanism where funding would follow the child in the mainstream education, and where support was provided to children with disabilities. Children with visual impairment and deaf children were educated both in mainstream and specialized schools. The Law on Textbooks of 2014 specified that students with disabilities should use textbooks with a format adapted to their needs. School tests could be taken in Braille. Unfortunately, there was no system-wide approach to teacher training in sign language, except for teachers working in special schools. One per cent of the places in faculties was reserved to students with disabilities.
A Special Protocol had been adopted on the actions of staff in social protection services, prohibiting all forms of violence against clients, abuse of power and trust, neglect and other actions that violated the dignity, health and development of clients. Medical interventions could only be taken with the consent of the person with disability or his or her guardian. Amendments to the Family Law and the Law on Civil Proceedings would align the legislation with the Convention.
Serbia had ratified the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combatting violence against women and domestic violence (the "Istanbul Convention"), and was in the process of harmonizing its legislation with its provisions.
The total number of foster carers was higher than 6,000 in 2015, 20 per cent of which were special foster carers. The number of institutionalized children had been considerably reduced. In the future, Serbia would take measures to provide independent living through community housing support as part of the transformation of institutions.
A database was being developed on persons with disabilities, with more than 40,000 persons registered to it. The Government had data disaggregated by age, sex, type of disability and employment, educational and income status.
Serbia had taken an active role in the negotiation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the definition of its goals, a delegate said. The Government considered it a very ambitious agenda, and recognized the eradication of poverty as a priority. It had created an inter-sectorial working group in September 2015 for the coordination of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. This working group would prepare periodic reports on the implementation.
VLADANA JOVIC, Deputy Ombudsman of Serbia, in concluding remarks, welcomed Serbia's commitment to improve the situation of persons with disabilities in the country. What was needed was a higher level of cooperation among agencies and at the national and local levels, as well as better cooperation with civil society organizations. What was also required was better allocation of financial and human resources, as well as independent monitoring of the improvement of the situation of persons with disabilities.
MILOS JANKOVIC, Deputy Ombudsman of Serbia and Member of the United Nations Subcommittee on the Prevention of Torture, in his concluding remarks, underlined the need to intensify the reduction of institutionalization of persons with disabilities. He also referred to the need to have legally prescribed conditions for institutionalization, for imposing restraints and for using chemical substances.
LASZLO GABOR LOVASZY, Committee Member and Country Rapporteur for Serbia, in his concluding remarks, welcomed the delegation of Serbia's constructive participation in the dialogue, and its detailed responses to the questions raised by Committee members. He encouraged Serbia to give due consideration to the recommendations by the Committee and to continue efforts for the protection of persons with disabilities.
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I remember a few years ago when I was performing the Wieniawski concerto in D, the accompanist I was playing with had never even heard of Wieniawski and asked if she could borrow a recording the first time we met. Needless to say, I was rather apprehensive, but when she looked at the music she said, "oh....there's something a little bit like Chopin about this...a little bit nostalgic, no?" and started playing I was amazed that she had captured the essence of what I was after in the concerto from just looking at the score. There was no way that from just hearing the name she could have made the connection Wieniawski => Poland => Chopin so quickly and accurately...and while it's true Wieniawski must have been influenced by Chopin (I mean...the use of dance forms makes it pretty clear) it's not all that obvious to me from looking at the beginning of the concerto that there's a connection between the two composers. There's some deep knowledge about music that she must have aquired over her carrer that she is constantly drawing on when she plays.
On the intuition end of the spectrum I offer this youtube link. Now, I don't what to start a "who's the best" sort of discussion like they had on Youtube, but for me the Perlman version of the Paganini seems...amazingly natural. If I were to walk around singing this melody that is exactly how I would sing it, just fun. Now...he misses a lot of the harmonics, but the music...the music is just comming out of him....in double false harmonics. To me he's such a genius to be able to play something so simply. Music seems so organic with him.
Are the two different? I actually think probably not really. Perlman probably, besides being a genius, heard a lot of people singing when he was a baby or something. I'm sure that's related somehow, but for the average person they're probably separated, at least inside the mind.


In my first example I am going to show you how to use a few lines of simple python code along with psphere to get the total number of hosts in a vCenter. This is a handy report that you can send out to your management, or even put into some graphing program so you can watch for trends in your environment. If you run vCenter in linked mode you only need to hit the master vCenter to get ALL the hosts for that vCenter cluster.
Lets being with setting up our system. Im using an Ubuntu 11.10 server setup. I did a minimal install and selected OpenSSH Server for my server type. Once the system finished installing I logged in and and got the system up to date. I am of course running this Ubuntu server as a Virtual Machine, so the next thing I want to do after I install the base system and get it updated is to install the open-vm-tools package. Once that is done I reboot. Now I move on to setting up my python environment. Psphere requires Python Yaml, and Python Suds, and Python pip, once these packages are installed you can move on to the pip install -U psphere And now your environment should be all ready to go for coding. Not to much to it. This should also work on Windows. For a reference Ubuntu 11.10 comes with Python 2.7.2, Suds 0.4.1, and Yaml 3.10, and at the time of this I am using psphere 0.5.1 As a note I first tried this using Debian 6.04 with Python 2.6.6 and it did not work, so for best results I can say I got it working with the above Ubuntu configuration..
Now lets cover the code it takes to connect to vCenter, and print all the hosts and at the end give the total number of HostSystem objects stored in this vCenter. Please note this code was tested on both 4.1 and 5.0 vCenter systems.
print "There were: " + str(len(hs)) + " HostSystems found in vCenter"
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After the recent platform upgrade to ver.10 most of the users has had the application server name added to the front of their username, ie: OSxxxxxxYYYxxxxxx/username.
This makes the username long and awkward to remember.
While I can change all of these user accounts back to just username, I was wondering if anyone else has experienced this before and what actually causes it?
I'm hoping to prevent it from happening again if possible.
That sounds strange. Where do you see this <server>/<username>? On the Users table itself or somewhere else? In all environments?
Haven't you changed anything on the authentication?


Following the monetary reforms of Anastasius I (491-517) in 498, the Byzantine monetary system reached the height of its complexity in the sixth century. Several mints in cities across the Empire struck coins of gold, silver and base metal (copper alloys). The base metal coins in particular showed a great variety in design and even denominations. As North Africa, Sicily and the Italian mainland were "returned" to the Byzantine Empire in the 530s, so did their mints – at Carthage, Rome and Ravenna – bring their own customs and practice, under the Vandals and Ostrogoths, to the new imperial coinage.
The Barber Coin Collection's main Byzantine strength, however, lies in the seventh century. Seeing the rise of Islam, collapse of the Sasanian Persian world to the East and the further contraction of what might be considered the Roman world, the seventh century is one of the most pivotal centuries in human political and religious history. For the Byzantine coinage it sees the full Christianisation of the coinage it had been surprisingly lacking in the previous three centuries since the conversion of Constantine I. The reign of the Emperor Herakleios (610-641) saw a decrease in the amount of mint autonomy and localised numismatic expression in favour of an apparently more centralised message. The ambiguous reverse figure of the earlier gold coinage – interpreted by some as the Graeco-Roman goddess of victory, Victoria/Nike, and by others as an angel – is removed in favour of the unambiguously Christian cross potent on steps (first introduced under Tiberius II (578-582), but not retained or regularised) on the solidi/nomismata, the globus cruciger on the semisses and the simple cross potent on the tremisses. The base metal coins, however, become ever scrappier – overstruck with poorly engraved dies and often countermarked too, some even clearly being struck on a quarter of an old coin and retaining a triangular shape.
Moving toward the eighth century and the period of iconomachy, sees an apparent demonetisation in the Balkans and Asia Minor. It is not clear whether this is due to current archaeological practice (focussing on sites where de-urbanisation occurred), continued use of older coins (a coin can tell you when it was struck, but not when it was last used), or a return to a semi-barter economy. Sicily and South Italy seem to have escaped the brunt of this phenomenon, however. Iconographically, the coins of this period focus on the family – imperial ancestors and intended filial successors.


This is a optional Dual Battery addition for Riese & Muller bikes only. ADD TO CART only at the same time as the purchase of a compatible Riese & Muller bike.
Ultra-modern Bosch lithium-ion batteries with a 500 Wh energy reserve provide the power for our E-Bikes. The battery capacity of 1,000 Wh is achieved by means of DualBattery technology, which makes use of a second battery. This technology doubles the range, which allows for tours twice as long and makes charging intervals considerably less frequent. Both frame batteries are built into the frame triangle in a way that ensures that the additional weight does not affect the riding behaviour.
The battery is impressively easy to use. With a capacity of 13,4 Ah, this premium lithium-ion battery has an energy reserve of 500 Wh. Bosch has made it easier to predict your useful range with their online range calculator.
Bosch batteries are an efficient energy provider with staying power – and the most modern eBike batteries on the market. They combine impressive mileage performance, a long lifetime and low weight with an ergonomic design and simple handling. The high-quality lithium-ion batteries are equipped with a Battery Management System, which recognises potential sources of error and protects the cells from overload.
Thanks to an integrated locking system, the battery can be removed and re-attached just like any "plug & play" device and can be completely charged with the Bosch Standard charger provided, the 500 Wh battery is fully charged and ready to be used again in just 4.5 hours.
No memory effect: Bosch batteries with lithium-ion cells can be charged quickly irrespective of your charge level at any time. Interruptions of the charging process do not harm the battery. Complete discharge is not required.
Extremely low self-discharge: Even after long periods of storage, e.g. over winter, the battery can be used without recharging. This means Bosch rechargeable batteries do not need to be recharged after a long break in use. For longer storage, a charge status of approx. 30 to 60% is recommended.
Long service life: Bosch batteries are designed for lots of trips, miles and years of service. The intelligent, electronic Bosch battery management system (BMS) protects lithium-ion batteries from excessive temperatures, overcharging, and deep discharge. The BMS checks every cell, extending the life of the rechargeable battery. This makes the time from initial use to the need to replace a Bosch battery very long.


A magical mix of heartwarming fairytale and action-packed adventure, Disney's My Son Pinocchio Jr. will run from Friday, July 26 to Wednesday, August 14, 2019.
In Disney's My Son Pinocchio Jr, the classic tale of toymaker Geppetto's little wooden puppet is given new life.
This new musical, which retells the classic Disney story from Geppetto's perspective, features the classic songs When You Wish Upon a Star and I've Got No Strings (music by Leigh Harline and lyrics by Ned Washington from the Walt Disney motion picture Pinocchio) alongside a host of new songs by Oscar and Grammy Award-winner Stephen Schwartz (Wicked).
Join the Blue Fairy, Stromboli and a lively cast of characters as Geppetto journeys beyond the toy shop to discover the meaning of family. When the Blue Fairy grants Geppetto's wish to bring his beloved puppet to life, the new father quickly learns that being a parent is full of challenges. He struggles to make his son "the perfect boy" only to lose him to a gang of Roustabouts. When faced with the thought of never seeing Pinocchio again, Geppetto truly learns the meaning of family, and being a father.
Disney's My Son Pinocchio Jr, is directed by Séimí Campbell, with choreography by Holly Hughes, set and costume design by Gregor Donnelly, lighting design by Andrew Exeter and sound design by Andrew Johnson.
It has a book by David Stern.
Also in the 2019 BTA season is a youth production of the multi award-winning Broadway hit, Once On This Island, from the Tony Award-winning songwriting team of Lynn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty (Anstasia, Seussical, Ragtime), and a youth production of Dogfight by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (Dear Evan Hansen, La La Land, The Greatest Showman) and Peter Duchan, directed and choreographed by Dean Johnson.
Image (bottom): Stephen Schwartz with members of the British Theatre Academy and BTA Alumnus Matthew Seadon-Young, who has just finished playing Theo in Company at the Gielgud Theatre. Photo credit: Eliza Wilmot.
Tickets: £22, £18 concessions. Previews: all seats £14. To book, call the box office on 020 7407 0234 or visit southwarkplayhouse.co.uk/.
Times: Monday to Saturday at 7pm, matinees at 3pm.


Radiotherapy to cancer patients is inevitably accompanied by normal tissue injury, and the bone is one of the most commonly damaged tissues. Damage to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) induced by radiation is thought to be a major cause of radiation-induced bone loss. Exosomes exhibit great therapeutic potential in the treatment of osteoporosis, but whether exosomes are involved in radiation-induced bone loss has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of exosomes derived from BM-MSCs in restoring recipient BM-MSC function and alleviating radiation-induced bone loss.
BM-MSC-derived exosomes were intravenously injected to rats immediately after irradiation. After 28 days, the left tibiae were harvested for micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis. The effects of exosomes on antioxidant capacity, DNA damage repair, proliferation, and cell senescence of recipient BM-MSCs were determined. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation assays were used to detect the effects of exosomes on the differentiation potential of recipient BM-MSCs, and related genes were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. β-Catenin expression was detected at histological and cytological levels.
BM-MSC-derived exosomes can attenuate radiation-induced bone loss in a rat model that is similar to mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Exosome-treated BM-MSCs exhibit reduced oxidative stress, accelerated DNA damage repair, and reduced proliferation inhibition and cell senescence-associate protein expression compared with BM-MSCs that exclusively received irradiation. Following irradiation, exosomes promote β-catenin expression in BM-MSCs and restore the balance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation.
Our findings indicate that BM-MSC-derived exosomes take effects by restoring the function of recipient BM-MSCs. Therefore, exosomes may represent a promising cell-free therapeutic approach for the treatment of radiation-induced bone loss.
Radiotherapy has become an essential treatment for cancer patients. However, the use of radiotherapy will cause injury to normal tissues while it affects cancerous tissues. The bone is the most commonly irradiated normal tissue, and radiotherapy increases the risk of osteoporosis and fracture in cancer patients [1–3]. Irradiation-induced fractures are common and clinically significant, especially in patients undergoing radiation therapy in the pelvic region, and pelvic fractures are an important cause of disability and death in the elderly [4, 5]. However, the mechanisms of radiation-induced bone loss are not completely understood.
Numerous studies have demonstrated that exposure to radiation leads to bone loss by affecting the survival and differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) [6–8]. Radiation causes DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, increased reactive oxygen species, and cell senescence on BM-MSCs, hindering the capacity of BM-MSCs to proliferate [9–11]. In addition, following irradiation, BM-MSCs preferentially differentiate into adipocytes rather than osteoblasts, which ultimately leads to fat accumulation and bone loss [12, 13]. Given that BM-MSCs play an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis, altered proliferation and differentiation of BM-MSCs is one main cause of radiation-induced bone loss [14, 15]. Therefore, we seek to understand how to reduce the damage to BM-MSCs and restore their differentiation ability to alleviate radiation-induced bone loss.
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCT) has been used to treat a variety of human diseases [16–18] and is an effective treatment for osteoporosis in an animal model [19–21]. Studies have demonstrated that MSCT ameliorates osteoporosis by recovering the function of recipient BM-MSCs. Although MSCT exhibits great potential in the treatment of various diseases, defects and risks still exist, such as storage difficulties, immune rejection, and carcinogenic risk [19, 22]. A recent study indicates that MSCT works via secretion of paracrine factors rather than direct homing to injured tissues . Exosomes are specific secretory vesicles involved in the paracrine effects of MSCs, and studies have demonstrated that the exosomes play a repairing role to the same extent as MSCT [23, 25]. Compared with MSC transplantation, exosome therapy is a better choice given its improved safety, reduced immune rejection, and easier storage, delivery, and management .
Exosomes, a component of paracrine secretion, are vesicles with a bilayer membrane structure that is 40–100 nm in diameter that contain functional mRNA, microRNA, and proteins that exhibit cytoprotective effects to enhance tissue repair . Various researchers have confirmed that MSC-derived exosomes exhibit protective activity and are effective in animal models of myocardial infarction , liver failure , and ischemic/reperfusion injury . In addition, exosome transplantation has also proven to be effective in the treatment of bone loss-related diseases [30–32]. However, whether BM-MSC-derived exosomes could reduce radiation-induced bone loss remains unknown.
In this study, we demonstrate that MSCT and BM-MSC-derived exosome transplantation could rescue bone loss of rats following irradiation, and exosomes can alleviate radiation-induced damage to BM-MSCs. We also found that exosomes could restore the balance of adipogenesis and osteogenesis of irradiated BM-MSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
All animal studies were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards set by the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee Of the Third Military Medical University. Three-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats (Tengxin Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Chongqing, China) were randomized into five groups (n = 6): day 0 group, rats with no treatment and sacrificed on day 0; day 28 group, rats with no treatment and sacrificed on day 28; R day 28 group, rats received 16 Gy irradiation on day 0 and sacrificed on day 28; R+MSCT day 28 group, rats received 16 Gy irradiation and MSC transplantation and sacrificed on day 28; and R+Ex day 28 group, rats received 16 Gy irradiation and exosome transplantation and sacrificed on day 28. Rats received a total of 16 Gy radiation on day 0 to the knee joint region of the left hind limb using Co-60 (Additional file 1: Figure S1). The radiation rate was 0.56 Gy/min (Radiation Center, Army Medical University). After irradiation, the R+MSCT group immediately received an MSC transplantation (1 × 106 cells), and the R+Ex group received an exosome transplantation (1.6 mg/kg) through the tail vein (suspended in 400 μl PBS). On day 28, the tibiae were harvested for micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis.
Rat tibiae were imaged using a computerized tomography (micro-CT) (VivaCT40; Scanco Medical, Switzerland) with a resolution of 10.2 μm (Additional file 1). To analyze the trabecular bone of tibial metaphysis, a region below the growth plate from 2.0 to 4.0 mm was used for quantification (cortical bone was not included). The morphology of the trabecular bone in the tibial metaphysis was measured using Analyze 12.0 (registered, Center of Biomedical Analysis, Third Military Medical University). Bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume to total tissue volume ratio (BV/TV), connective density (Conn.D), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were assessed.
Sprague-Dawley rats (80 g, female) were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and femurs and tibias were separated from hind limbs. The ends of the femur or tibia were removed, and the bone marrow was flushed out with 1 ml DMEM/F12 medium. The bone marrow was repeatedly washed to generate a single-cell suspension that was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min. The supernatant was removed, and cells were washed with DMEM/F12 and centrifuged for an additional 5 min. Finally, the supernatant was removed, and cells were resuspended in DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. Cells isolated from one hind limb were plated in a 25-cm2 dish and incubated at 37 °C with 5% CO2, which was defined as passage 0 (P0). After 24 h, cells were washed with PBS twice to remove non-adherent cells. When cell confluency was greater than 90%, the cells were secondarily cultured, and the passage number was increased by one. Cells from passages 2 and 3 were used to collect exosomes.
Isolation and purification of exosomes involved several centrifugation and ultracentrifugation (Himac cp80wx/P70A-980, Hitachi Limited, Tokyo, Japan) steps as described previously [33–35]. Briefly, exosomes from bovine were removed by ultracentrifugation at 100,000 × g at 4 °C for 16 h to generate exosome-free serum. P2 or P3 BM-MSCs were cultured in exosome-free medium. Then, the supernatant was collected after 48 h. To isolate and purify exosomes, the medium was centrifuged at 300 × g for 15 min and 2000 × g for 15 min to remove cells and cell debris. Then, the supernatant was transferred to a 35-ml ultracentrifuge tube and ultracentrifuged at 4 °C for 70 min at a speed of 100,000 × g. After the first ultracentrifugation, each tube was washed with 5 ml PBS and then filtered through a 0.22-μm membrane filter. Then, the exosomes were collected by another 100,000 × g ultracentrifugation for 70 min at 4 °C. The final pellet (obtained from approximately 500 ml medium) was resuspended in 200 μl PBS and stored at − 80 °C. The protein concentration of the collected exosomes was measured using a BCA protein assay kit (Beyotime, China). The collected exosomes were dehydrated in absolute ethanol for 10 min and collected on a carbon-stable Format grid. The gate was compared with 1% phosphotungstic acid for 1 min, then the air-dried exosome-containing grids were observed by transmission electron microscopy (JEM-1400PLUS, Japan) at 100 KV.
Labeling and tracking of exosomes in BM-MSCs was performed as described previously . According to the manufacturer's protocol, BM-MSCs and exosomes were labeled with CM-Dio(3,3′-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate) and CM-DiI(1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) (Beyotime Biotechnology, Haimen, China), respectively, and then cultured in the dark at 37 °C for 30 min. To remove unbound dye, exosomes and BM-MSCs were washed with PBS and then centrifuged at 100,000 × g at 4 °C for 70 min and 800 × g at room temperature for 5 min, respectively. Finally, exosomes and BM-MSCs were mixed together and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The uptake of exosomes was observed by fluorescence microscopy (Leica, Weltzlar, Germany), and images were analyzed using Leica Application Suite Advanced Fluorescence (LAS AF) software.
When passage 3 BM-MSCs reached 80–90% confluency, they were divided into three groups: control group, BM-MSCs not exposed to irradiation; 6 Gy group, BM-MSCs receive 6 Gy irradiation; 6 Gy+Ex group, BM-MSCs receive 6 Gy irradiation and cocultured with exosomes immediately (100 μg/ml). BM-MSCs were incubated at 37 °C with 5% CO2 for a specified time, and cells were collected or used for other experiments. The irradiation was performed using a Co-60 irradiator at a rate of 0.56 Gy/min (Radiation Center, Army Medical University).
BM-MSCs were seeded in six-well plates (1 × 104 cells per well). After 14 days, cells were washed with PBS twice and fixed with 4% formaldehyde at room temperature for 20 min. Cells were stained with 2% crystal violet for 10 min, and then, the unconjugated dyes were removed. A stained colony composed of 50 or more cells were counted as a colony-forming unit (CFU).
SA-β-gal staining was performed using an SA-β-gal staining kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, Haimen, China) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, cells were incubated at 37 °C with 5% CO2 for 24 h after irradiation, then cells were seeded in 12-well plates (5 × 103 cells per well) for an additional 24 h. Cells were washed with PBS twice and fixed with 4% formaldehyde at room temperature for 20 min. Then, cells were stained with X-gal solution for 24 h at 37 °C (no CO2). SA-β-gal-positive cells were observed using a light microscope (Leica, Weltzlar, Germany), and the percentage of positive cells in ten random fields was calculated. The results are expressed as the mean of triplicates with SD.
After treatment, cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 20 min at room temperature. Cells were permeabilized by Triton X-100 and subjected to goat serum blocking (Beyotime Biotechnology, Haimen, China). Cells were then incubated with primary antibodies against γ-H2AX (1:100 dilution) (Santa Cruz, CA, USA) and β-catenin (1:200 dilution) (Beyotime Biotechnology, Haimen, China) overnight at 4 °C. Cells were rinsed with PBS twice and then incubated in the dark with respective secondary antibodies for 60 min and DAPI for 5 min (Beyotime Biotechnology, Haimen, China). Using a fluorescence microscope (Leica, Weltzlar, Germany), the number of γ-H2AX foci per cell was quantified. Then, β-catenin fluorescence was measured by laser confocal microscopy (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).
Production cellular ROS was measured utilizing a Reactive Oxygen Species Assay kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, Haimen, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, cells were seeded in a six-well plate (1 × 105/well) and exposed to different treatments. The cells were washed with PBS twice and incubated with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) (10 μM) for 30 min at 37 °C. Then, the medium was removed, and cells were washed with PBS. Cells were collected, and the fluorescence intensity of each sample was examined by flow cytometry (Additional file 2). Similarly, intracellular ROS fluorescence was observed using a fluorescence microscope (Leica, Weltzlar, Germany).
Total RNA was extracted using the Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. First-strand cDNA was synthesized from 2 μg of RNA using the PrimeScript RT Master Mix Kit (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan). qPCR was performed in triplicate in 10-μl reactions containing SYBR Premix Ex Taq II (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan). The reaction protocol was as follows: heating at 95 °C for 5 min followed by 40 rounds of amplification (30 s at 95 °C, 30 s at 59 °C, and 30 s at 72 °C). The expression of each gene was normalized to β-actin expression.
RT-PCR primers were as follows: β-actin: 5′-GCAGATGTGGATCAGCAAGC-3′, 3′-AGAAAGGGTGTAAAACGCAGC-5′; Ctnnb1 (β-catenin): 5′-ACTCCAGGAATGAAGGCGTG-3′, 3′-GAACTGGTCAGCTCAACCGA-5′; Ebf1: 5′-AGGGCTAGGAGGCTTGACC-3′, 3′-CCGTCGTCCATCCTTCACTC-5′; OPG: 5′-TGTCCCTTGCCCTGACTACT-3′, 3′-CACATTCGCACACTCGGTTG-5′; PPARγ: 5′-TGTTATGGGTGAAACTCTGGGA-3′, 3′-TAGGCAGTGCATCAGCGAAG-5′; RUNX2: 5′-CCTTCCCTCCGAGACCCTAA-3′, 3′-ATGGCTGCTCCCTTCTGAAC-5′.
Cells were harvested and lysed in Western and IP buffer (Beyotime Biotechnology, Haimen, China), and total protein concentrations were determined using the BCA Protein Assay Kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, Haimen, China). Equal amounts of cell lysates were loaded and separated on a 12% SDS-PAGE gel and transferred to 0.22-μm PVDF membranes (Millipore Billerica, MA, USA). The membranes were blocked with QuickBlock™ Blocking Buffer (Beyotime Biotechnology, Haimen, China) for 15 min at room temperature and then incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Then, membranes were incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature.
The following primary antibodies were used for blotting. Mouse antibodies against p21, p16, p53, Rb, Runx2, PPARγ, γ-H2AX, CD63, Tsg101, and CD81 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Mouse antibodies against β-actin and rabbit antibodies against β-catenin were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Beyotime Biotechnology, Haimen, China). Rabbit antibodies against calnexin, SOD1, SOD2, and catalase were purchased from Abcam (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). The specific information of antibodies is listed in Table S1.
To induce differentiation, cells were seeded in 12-well plates. When cell confluency reached 60–70%, the cells were incubated with rat mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation medium (Cyagen Biosciences, Guangzhou, China) for 14 days or adipogenic differentiation medium for 15 days. After the induction of differentiation, cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 20 min at room temperature. Cells were washed with PBS twice and stained with alizarin red S or Oil red O for 30 min. The stained cultures were visualized under a light microscope (Leica, Weltzlar, Germany).
Left rat tibiae were fixed in 4% formaldehyde for 24 h and decalcified for 21 days with 10% EDTA. Then, the tibiae were embedded in paraffin and sectioned coronally at a thickness of 4 μm. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). For immunohistochemistry staining, the endogenous peroxidase activity of the sections was quenched using 2.5% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide in distilled water and then performing pepsin-mediated antigen retrieval (ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China). After blocking with goat serum, the sections were incubated with primary antibodies against β-catenin (1:200 dilution) overnight at 4 °C. The sections were then incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies at room temperature. The immunoreactive signals were detected with a DAB Kit (ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China). Images were obtained with a light microscope (Leica, Weltzlar, Germany).
Stem cell surface markers, morphology and multipotency of BM-MSCs were measured (Additional file 2: Figure S2). Exosomes isolated from BM-MSCs were identified by Western blot and transmission electron microscopy. Western blot showed that exosomes highly expressed exosome-positive markers CD63, CD81, and Tsg101, but did not express calnexin, a negative marker of exosomes (Fig. 1a). Under transmission electron microscopy, the exosomes were round or oval with a diameter of approximately 40–100 nm and a bilayer membrane structure (Fig. 1b). To observe the uptake of the exosomes by BM-MSCs, BM-MSCs and exosomes were labeled with fluorescent carbocyanine dyes CM-Dio (green) and CM-Dil (red), respectively. After 24 h of coincubation, we observed the distribution of exosomes in BM-MSCs using a fluorescence microscope, suggesting that the exosomes were successfully absorbed by BM-MSCs (Fig. 1c).
To simulate clinical radiotherapy, 3-month-old female rats were irradiated with a 16-Gy dose on the left knee. To prevent irradiating other parts, we used lead bricks to block the other areas of rats. After irradiation, rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). MSCs and exosomes were transplanted immediately in the R+MSCT and R+Ex groups, respectively. Unlike human beings, the growth plate of the rat does not close in adulthood, so we used it as a reference object for measuring bone histomorphometry parameters. On day 28 after irradiation, the tibiae were harvested for micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis. HE staining revealed a significant decrease in bone volume and trabecular number in the R group but an increase in marrow adiposity (Fig. 2a). However, the R+MSCT and R+Ex group exhibited remarkable improvement, and similar results were observed by 3D reconstruction of CT scan (Fig. 2b). These findings indicate that radiation can shift the bone remodeling balance to activate resorption, and MSC or exosome transplantation can alleviate radiation-induced bone loss. To quantify these changes, we used Analyze 12.0 software for bone microarchitecture analysis. As shown in Fig. 2c, bone volume fraction (BV/TV) in the day 28 group increased by approximately 67.6% compared with that in the day 0 group. In contrast, values in the R group decreased by approximately 30.9%. However, in the R+MSCT and R+Ex groups, BV/TV increased by 53% and 13%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the R group. In the comparison of BMD, the data of each group were also significantly different. In the comparison of trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and connective density (Conn.D), values in the R group decreased significantly compared with those in the day 28 group. However, values in the R+MSCT and R+Ex groups were not significantly increased or even decreased compared with those in the day 0 group. However, these values were significantly improved compared with those of the R group, and many data exhibited significant differences (Fig. 2c).
Following irradiation, increased reactive oxygen species in the mesenchymal stem cells can cause cell damage. MSC-derived exosomes reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) to protect cells from damage both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, we hypothesized that exosomes could reduce cellular damage by reducing reactive oxygen species after irradiation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed reactive oxygen species using DCF-DA 24 h after exosome and BM-MSC coincubation. Under fluorescence microscopy, reactive oxygen species in irradiated BM-MSCs decreased significantly after coincubation with exosomes (Fig. 3a). Further measurements of reactive oxygen species by flow cytometry revealed that DCF fluorescence in BM-MSCs decreased significantly after exosome treatment (Fig. 3b, c). Then, we used Western blot to detect the expression of antioxidant-related proteins. We found that the expression of antioxidant proteins, such as catalase, SOD1, and SOD2, increased after coincubation with exosomes at 12 h and 24 h. These results suggest that coincubation with exosomes can enhance the antioxidant capacity of irradiated BM-MSCs (Fig. 3d).
Another major form of damage to cells caused by irradiation is the DNA double-strand break (DSB), which will lead to cell senescence and mitotic catastrophe if the damage is misrepaired. γ-H2AX, which is also known as the phosphorylated histone H2A variant, is an important protein marker for detecting DSB. To verify whether exosomes can accelerate DNA damage repair following irradiation, we used immunofluorescence and Western blot to detect γ-H2AX. We found that the expression of γ-H2AX in BM-MSCs increased rapidly after irradiation, peaked at approximately 2 h, gradually decreased after 4 h, and was almost not detected after 12 h (Fig. 4a, b). Compared with irradiation alone, γ-H2AX expression in BM-MSCs co-incubated with exosomes was reduced at all time points, and the difference in γ-H2AX foci per cell was statistically significant (Fig. 4a, b). In addition, the expression levels of γ-H2AX in BM-MSCs decreased significantly at 4 and 8 h after coculture with exosomes (Fig. 4c). These results provide evidence that exosomes can effectively promote DNA damage repair in BM-MSCs after irradiation.
Given that exosomes can promote the DNA damage repair of BM-MSCs after irradiation, exosomes may also reverse cell proliferation inhibition and alleviate cell senescence. To verify this hypothesis, we cocultured irradiated BM-MSCs with exosomes for 24 h, seeded cells into six-well plates (1 × 104 cells per well), and cultured cells for 14 days. Stained colonies of 50 or more cells were counted as a colony-forming unit (CFU). We found that after 6 Gy irradiation, no colonies formed in the 6 Gy group. Although the CFU number was still reduced compared with the control group, the CFU number in the 6 Gy+Ex group was significantly increased compared with that in the 6 Gy group, and the difference was statistically significant (Fig. 5a, b). In addition, Western blot also demonstrated that after being cocultured with exosomes, the expression of aging-related proteins, including Rb, p53, p21, and p16, was decreased at 12 and 24 h compared with BM-MSCs that were only irradiated (Fig. 5c). SA-β-gal staining was highly consistent with these results (Fig. 5d, e). Thus, coincubation with exosomes can decrease the senescence-associated protein expression and partially restore cell proliferation after irradiation.
Irradiation can lead to apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, disrupt the differentiation potential of BM-MSCs, and eventually reduce bone mass. After irradiation, exosome transplantation reduced bone loss in the tibiae of rats, indicating that it can restore the balance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs. To test this hypothesis, we measured adipogenic- and osteogenic-related mRNA and protein expression in BM-MSCs 24 h after irradiation. The expression of adipogenesis-related mRNA PPARγ  and Ebf1  and osteogenesis-related mRNA RUNX2  and OPG  in the 6 Gy group increased after irradiation, but the proportion of adipogenesis-related mRNA increased to levels greater than that of osteogenesis-related mRNA (Fig. 6a). Compared with the 6 Gy group, adipogenesis-related mRNA in the 6 Gy+Ex group was significantly reduced, while osteogenesis-related mRNA increased. The differences were statistically significant (Fig. 6a). Similar results were noted for protein expression (Fig. 6b). Expression of mRNA and protein suggested that BM-MSCs start differentiation after irradiation, but the differentiation exhibits a tendency such that differentiation towards adipocytes exceeds that to osteoblasts.
To observe the effects of irradiation and exosomes on BM-MSC differentiation, cells were cultured in osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation medium. After 14 days of osteogenic induction, the 6 Gy+Ex group exhibited the highest proportion of calcium deposition, and the 6 Gy group also exhibited higher calcium deposition compared with the control group (Fig. 6c). In addition, Western blot analysis also showed the same trend in detecting the expression of Runx2 (Fig. 6d). However, after 15 days of adipogenic induction, the 6 Gy group exhibited the highest oil O staining (Fig. 6e). Although the 6 Gy+Ex group exhibited increased rates of oil staining compared with the control group, the levels are still considerably reduced compared with that of the 6 Gy group (Fig. 6e). Similar results were also been found in Western blot analysis of PPARγ (Fig. 6f). These results suggested that BM-MSCs start differentiation after radiation, but the differentiation tendency towards adipocytes exceeds that to osteoblasts, and coculture with exosomes could restore the differentiation potential of irradiated BM-MSCs.
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a classical pathway involved in bone metabolism regulation. When activated, it can promote osteoblast precursor cells to transform into osteoblasts. We hypothesized that coculture with exosomes can activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway of BM-MSCs after irradiation. We found that β-catenin mRNA and protein expression in the 6 Gy group was reduced compared with that in the control group, and the expression of β-catenin increased obviously in the 6 Gy+Ex group (Fig. 7a). Using immunofluorescence analysis, we also found that the fluorescence intensity of β-catenin in the 6 Gy+Ex group is obviously increased compared with that in the 6 Gy group (Fig. 7b). A similar result was also obtained in the immunohistochemistry analyses (Fig. 7c). These results indicate that after coculture with exosomes of irradiated BM-MSCs, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated and promoted osteogenesis, thus reducing the decrease in bone mass induced by irradiation.
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is effective in the treatment of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases [40, 41], liver diseases , and brain injury , both in experimental and clinical research. The therapeutic effects of transplanted MSCs can be achieved by homing directly to injured tissues or secreting paracrine factors. Recently, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles (MVs), have been studied given their role in MSC-based cell therapy. Exosome/microvesicles contain mRNA, microRNA, and protein, which are involved in intercellular communication, cell signal transduction, and alterations in the metabolism of cells or tissues in the body over short or long distances .
Recent studies have demonstrated that BM-MSC-derived exosomes play an important role in the treatment of bone loss-related diseases. Liu et al.  reported that exosomes secreted from transplanted MSCs rescue the function of the osteoporotic phenotype of recipient BM-MSCs and improve osteopenia via epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, Liu et al.  found that transplantation of MSC-derived exosomes exerts a preventive effect on osteonecrosis of the femoral head by promoting local angiogenesis and preventing bone loss. In this study, we established a radiation-induced bone injury model in the left tibiae of rats. After irradiation, we treated the rats differently, and we found that transplantation of MSC or exosomes could alleviate radiation-induced bone loss. Based on our results, we hypothesize that exosomes may have similar protective and repairing properties as MSC transplantation in radiation-induced bone loss. Compared with MSC transplantation, exosome therapy is preferable given the reduced immune responses, increased safety, and ease of storage, transportation, and management.
Mesenchymal stem cell damage is an important pathological mechanism of radiation-induced bone loss [9, 12, 45]. Exposure to irradiation causes BM-MSCs to generate reactive oxygen species, and excessive ROS leads to DNA damage, such as DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) [9, 12, 45]. Therefore, clearing up reactive oxygen species and reducing DNA damage are potential treatments for irradiation-induced bone loss. Recent studies have demonstrated that MSCs-derived exosomes reduce oxidative stress and alleviate DNA damage. Yan et al.  reported that MSC-derived exosomes promote hepatic oxidant injury through the delivery of GPX1. Lin et al.  reported that adipose-derived MSC-derived exosomes could accelerate DNA repair and protect kidneys from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our results demonstrated that BM-MSC-derived exosomes can reduce irradiation-induced oxidative stress and promote the expression of antioxidant protein. Furthermore, we also observed that BM-MSC-derived exosomes can alleviate irradiation-induced DNA damage as determined by γ-H2AX staining and Western blot.
Whether irradiation affects the viability of MSCs remains controversial, but many studies indicate that radiation can hinder the capacity of MSCs to proliferate and strongly increase cellular senescence. Danielle E Green et al. reported that irradiation exposure destroys bone marrow stem cell pools and hypothesized that stem cell pool recovery enables the prompt repair of the skeletal system and ultimately reduces the susceptibility to fractures. Moreover, radioresistant MSCs exhibited strong beta-galactosidase activity and increased the expression of cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (P16-IK4A) at late time points after 60-Gy doses of irradiation [46, 47]. The senescence induction of MSCs is mediated by retinoblastoma protein, RB, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A(p21), and tumor suppressor p53 [48, 49]. Inhibition of proliferation and premature senescence of BM-MSCs induced by irradiation reduced functional and viable MSCs in bone marrow . As exosomes can reduce oxidative stress and alleviate DNA damage, we hypothesize that exosomes can also rescue the inhibition of proliferation and alleviate cellular senescence in BM-MSCs after irradiation. In this study, we found that BM-MSC-derived exosomes could partially rescue the inhibition of proliferation, as determined by CFU assays. We also found that BM-MSC-derived exosomes could alleviate cell senescence of BM-MSCs following irradiation, as detected by SA-β-gal staining and Western blotting.
Unlike BM-MSCs, osteocytes and osteoblasts are highly sensitive to radiation, and low doses of radiation can induce apoptosis [50, 51]. Unfortunately, following irradiation, BM-MSCs seem to preferentially differentiate into adipocytes rather than osteoblasts [6, 11]. As a result, the apoptotic osteocytes and osteoblasts cannot be replenished in a timely manner, which ultimately hinders proper bone formation and leads to bone loss-related diseases. Therefore, restoring the balance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of irradiated BM-MSCs is the key to treat radiation-induced bone loss. To determine whether BM-MSC-derived exosomes can reconstruct the differentiation potential of radiated BM-MSCs, we examined the expression of mRNA and protein related to osteogenesis and adipogenesis in irradiated BM-MSCs. We found that irradiated BM-MSCs treated with exosomes exhibited reduced adipogenic gene expression and increased osteogenic gene expression compared with those treated with radiation only. In addition, we also observed that after induction of differentiation, irradiated BM-MSCs treated with exosomes exhibited reduced oil red staining and increased alizarin red s staining compared with those treated with radiation alone. These results demonstrated that BM-MSC-derived exosomes can restore the differentiation potential of irradiated BM-MSCs.
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is a pivotal regulator of MSCs and plays an important role in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation . Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibits BM-MSCs from undergoing adipogenesis and promotes osteogenesis [53, 54]. β-Catenin is the downstream of Wnt proteins, and recent studies have reported that exosomes and extracellular vesicles carry Wnt proteins to induce the activity of β-catenin on target cells [55, 56]. Zhang et al.  reported that human MSC-derived exosomes promote angiogenesis by transducing Wnt4 and activating Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in endothelial cells to repair deep second-degree burn skin injury. In our study, we found that after irradiation, exosome-treated BM-MSCs exhibited increased β-catenin expression compared with those treated with irradiation alone, as determined by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Consistently, we also found such differences in vivo. This finding indicates that BM-MSC-derived exosomes could activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling to restore the differentiation potential of irradiated BM-MSCs.
We first identified that BM-MSC-derived exosomes alleviate radiation-induced bone loss in a rat model. The effects might be attributed to the functional recovery of recipient BM-MSCs, which is achieved by alleviating DNA and oxidative stress damage, rescuing proliferation inhibition, reducing cell senescence, and restoring the balance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of irradiated BM-MSCs through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our findings suggest that BM-MSC-derived exosomes may be a promising cell-free therapeutic approach for the treatment of radiation-induced bone loss.
Rui Zuo, Minghan Liu and Yanqiu Wang contributed equally to this work.
The micro-CT and bone mineral density analysis were performed by the Center of Biomedical Analysis of Third Military Medical University, we thank them for their work and help. We sincerely thank American Journal Experts for their editing service.
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81130026, 81672215, 81702182 and 81874028), National Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2016YFC1000805), Postgraduate research and innovation project of Chongqing (Grant No. CYB17143), The clinical research project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Grant No. 2015YLC22).
RZ, MHL, and YQW contributed to the study and data collecting of this manuscript. CMS and YZ contributed to the conception and design, financial and administrative support, and manuscript reviewing and revising. ZWW, JL, BL, WKW, WRL, and CS contributed to the data collection and analysis. CZ and JLW contributed to the data interpretation and manuscript reviewing and revising. RZ, MHL, and YQW contributed equally to this work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
All animal studies were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards set by the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee Of the Third Military Medical University. It met the NIH guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals.
Hu L, Yin C, Zhao F, Ali A, Ma J, Qian A. Mesenchymal stem cells: cell fate decision to osteoblast or adipocyte and application in osteoporosis treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020360.


Beautiful skin is for everyone.
GemClay is the first Aquamarine gem clay skincare product line straight from the pristine glacier peaks of Mount Antero, Colorado.
At the GemClay Boutique and Day Spa, you can relax and revive your body with the finest facials and body treatments Buena Vista, Colorado has to offer. Choose from a variety of services and enjoy unique treatments derived from the mineral-rich clay found on Mt. Antero—one the of world's richest gem and mineral deposits.
Experience the special individual customized mineral dream of radiant, healthy skin with this luxurious and innovative mineral nourishment and the latest anti-aging skin formula & treatment designed to suit the individual skin condition. The highly effective formulas work to balance, activate and address skin deficiencies while massage techniques increase blood flow and oxygen. The ultimate face care regimen provides effective protections against aging caused by light and environmental factor for a flawless and blemish free complexion.
This is a consultation individualized based treatment regime. Facial treatments are available in 30, 60, and 90 minutes sessions. A 60-minute session for the back is also offered, as is a specialized acne treatment for adults and adolescents. Chemical peels are offered by consultation only. Waxing services are also offered for $15-45 depending on the area. All treatments come with a light massage to accentuate the experience and relax the mind and body.
Please contact us to schedule these indulgent treatments!
At GemClay, we offer eyebrow, lip, legs, arms, and bikini waxing.
Many life factors, including sun exposure, acne, or age, can leave your skin uneven, spotted, or scared. Smooth out imperfections with a chemical peel, which removes the damaged outer layers of your skin to improve tone and create a smoother complexion.
Want smoother, healthier-looking skin but don't want to commit to a chemical peel? Then microdermabrasion is your answer.
Microdermabrasion is a simple, non-invasive procedure that smooths out fine wrinkles and lines, restores and evens skin tone and texture, decreases blotchiness, and stimulates collagen production. And with no down time, you can return to your normal routine as soon as you finish your treatment.
Mineral-rich salts are combined with relaxing aromatic essential oils to help massage away dry skin, exfoliate, draw out impurities, and improve circulation.
This warm and soothing mineral-rich mud wrap relaxes every inch of your body as it pulls out toxins and pollutants, unclogs pores, and purifies the skin. As healing and nourishing minerals seep in, heat allows aches, pain, fatigue, and stress to flow freely out of your body.
Come in for a customized facial that uses in-season ingredients to give you polished, well-conditioned skin. As the seasons change, so too does this facial experience. Come see what surprise is in store for you and your skin this season.
Make Gemclay Day Spa the destination for your daughter's birthday party. Let the girls in your group enjoy sweet-smelling lotions and potions, multicolored manicures, and yummy treats. While they primp, chat, and feel all grown-up, parents can pat themselves on the backs for throwing a most stellar birthday bash.


text:
Scotty Cornfield: Writer/Director
Welcome to my world…I'm a writer. I also direct — sometimes simultaneously. (Note: I'm not even sure that's possible).
My brand: I tap into thirty years of homicide and undercover experiences to tell stories about people with secrets. If that sounds grim, well…it can be, but working in the world I inhabited can take a psychological toll if you don't find a way to find the funny in the fatal business we call Homicide.
Even when I'm not writing about my former life of crime-fighting, I'm often mining for comedy. I've written, produced and directed an abundance (I was gonna say "plethora" but I can't even spell it) of short films including some award-winners. I co-wrote/produced the documentary "Children of Alcatraz" (insert shameless plug here about film being available on Amazon). I've written features, pilots, one-act plays, commercials, PSAs and in-house news magazine shows.
I'm a graduate of the UCLA Professional Screenwriting program as well as the Master Screenwriter Certificate program and Pro Series of Screenwriting U.
Highlight Projects
My first feature film — currently in post-production (in association with Phase 4 Films, LLC) is an anthology called San Francisco Stories. I teamed up with four other San Francisco-based filmmakers to create five short films with characters who cross over between stories. We're aiming for a release toward the end of 2020.
I also have two other feature film spec scripts and a one-hour pilot in ongoing rewrite stages. Care to see samples of produced material? Here are links to shorts and the documentary.
Need a police consultant for your script or project?
See me wear another hat at www.reelcop.com
(Click any poster below to view the movie.)
Children of Alcatraz
Pacify Her
Make It Go Away
Sympathy on a Platter
Goodbye, NOLA
Sorry, Dad
How It Is Made: Toast
Plight of the Windie: Birds of Mystery
Let me know how I can help you and the best way to contact you: *
FEEL FREE TO REACH OUT
I am only a phone call or email away.
scotty@scottycornfield.com
Copyright © 2022 Scotty Cornfield – OnePress theme by FameThemes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: AWS javascript SDK Kinesis getShardIterator Error: UnexpectedParameter: Unexpected key 'Timestamp' found in params I am using the aws-sdk(version 2.1.8) to get records out from Kinesis. This is within a node Lambda function. Trying to use ShardIteratorType: AT_TIMESTAMP. I supply a Timestamp in the params object
const AWS = require("aws-sdk");
const kinesis = new AWS.Kinesis({ region: 'us-east-1' });
var params = {
    ShardId: shard.ShardId, /* required */
    ShardIteratorType: 'AT_TIMESTAMP', /* required */
    StreamName: process.env.STREAM_NAME, /* required */
    Timestamp: new Date(2017, 11, 08, 14, 32, 51)
};

kinesis.getShardIterator(params, function (err, data) {
    if (err) {
        return defer.reject(err);
    }
    defer.resolve(data);
});

But I get this error: Unexpected key 'Timestamp' found in params.  Checked google, SO, and aws forums, to no avail. I am following the documentation from AWS: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSJavaScriptSDK/latest/AWS/Kinesis.html#getShardIterator-property
Here are the logs from the Lambda function where I use getShardIterator
2017-11-08T15:53:13.551Z    ec3ef291-c49c-11e7-ad35-473206669891    SHARD
ITERATOR TYPE:  AT_TIMESTAMP
2017-11-08T15:53:13.551Z    ec3ef291-c49c-11e7-ad35-473206669891
TIMESTAMP:  2017-12-08T14:32:51.000Z

ShardIteratorTypes LATEST and TRIM_HORIZON work fine. It is only when I try to use AT_TIMESTAMP that the issue occurs.

A: I found what was going on. The aws-sdk is taking the Timestamp value and multiplying it by 1000. This is insane - nowhere is this mentioned in the docs, where it simply states

The timestamp of the data record from which to start reading. Used with shard iterator type AT_TIMESTAMP. A timestamp is the Unix epoch date with precision in milliseconds

Therefore, using this

Timestamp: 1510673368611

will fail, even though it is a valid timestamp in milliseconds. You have to divide by 1000

Timestamp: 1510673368.611

This was pretty infuriating to discover. Just validate the value I send, don't alter it and then validate the result. Or, you know, MENTION THAT THIS HAPPENS IN THE DOCS.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"Analyzing occupational licensing among the states." Journal of Regulatory Economics Online (2017): 1–27 (with E. Volotnikov).
"Do occupational regulations increase earnings? Evidence from China." Industrial Relations 56:2 (2017): 351–381 (with W. Chi and X. Qian).
Analyzing the Influence of Occupational Licensing Duration on Labor Market Outcomes. NBER Working Paper No. 22810, 2016 (with S. Han).
"Relaxing occupational licensing requirements: Analyzing wages and prices for a medical service." Journal of Law and Economics 59:2 (2016): 261–291 (with A. Marier, K. W. Park, and C. Wing).
Guild-Ridden Labor Markets: The Curious Case of Occupational Licensing. Michigan: Upjohn Institute Press, 2015.
Since the end of World War II, occupational licensing has been one of the fastest growing labor market institutions in the developed world. The economics literature suggests that licensing can influence wage determination, the speed at which workers find employment, pension and health benefits, and prices. Moreover, there is little evidence to show that licensing improves service quality, health, or safety in developed nations. So, why is occupational licensing is growing when there are such well-established costs to the public?


This insect lamp shines ultraviolet light, attracting flying insects such as flies, moths, mosquitos etc. Removes pests safely and efficiently! This appliance is equipped with a fuse so that, should short-circuiting occur, only this appliance will malfunction. This insect killer is meant for indoor use, such as in homes etc.
Can be suspended (on a chain) or placed upright.


text:
var mongoose = require('mongoose');
var moment = require('moment');

var schemaOptions = {
    timestamps: true,
    toJSON: {
        virtuals: true
    },
};

var mediaSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
    url: String,
    ext: String,
    mime: String,
    type: String
}, schemaOptions);

mediaSchema.virtual('isImage').get(function() {
    return this.type === 'image';
});

var Media = mongoose.model('Media', mediaSchema);

module.exports = Media;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: make a content Dialog movable like the one in the Groove app I have created a ContentDialog to apply a Style (that I can't apply with a Message Dialog and a PopUp),but I am having problem with it,it's not movable or I can't close it like the Frame that appears when I click on the button "Connexion"in the Groove App

have you please any idea,which part I can modify in the ContentDialog style to get this ContentDialog movable and close it like the image  on top
I work on a universal app

A:
have you please any idea,which part I can modify in the ContentDialog style to get this ContentDialog movable and close it like the image on top.

I'm afraid ContentDialog is not movable, and the image you showed in the Groove App or in the System's mail app is not a ContentDialog, actually, this "Dialog" is called by UserDataAccountManager.ShowAddAccountAsync. If we used the ProcessMonitor to track this UI, we will find that this is a system app C:\Windows\SystemApps\Microsoft.AccountsControl_cw5n1h2txyewy. You may  see the pictures and information in the similar question on SO: UWP Modal Window.
For you problem, we can't launch the system app like Microsoft.AccountsControl for result, we can only call it using API UserDataAccountManager.ShowAddAccountAsync. But you can create a UWP app, and launch this app for result from another app, to do this, please refer to Launch an app for results.
Or if you just want a movable UI, you can create a new window in your app, and change the size of this new window, make it popping behavior like a ContentDialog, but this new window will show your app's title which can't be removed.
How to create a new window? For example:
    private async void OnClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        var newCoreAppView = CoreApplication.CreateNewView();
        var appView = ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView();
        await newCoreAppView.Dispatcher.RunAsync(Windows.UI.Core.CoreDispatcherPriority.Low, async () =>
        {
            var window = Window.Current;
            var newAppView = ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView();

            var frame = new Frame();
            window.Content = frame;

            frame.Navigate(typeof(BlankPage));
            window.Activate();
            await ApplicationViewSwitcher.TryShowAsStandaloneAsync(newAppView.Id, ViewSizePreference.Default, appView.Id, ViewSizePreference.Default);

        });
    }

And how to change the size of the new Window? For example in the cs file of the page showed in the new window:
public BlankPage()
        {
            this.InitializeComponent();
            this.Loaded += Page_Loaded;
        }

        private void Page_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            var s = ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView();
            s.TryResizeView(new Size { Width = 600, Height = 320 });
        }

This will make a 600 width and 320 height window.

A: I think you can do it the other way:

*

*Create a UserControl, define the UI like the pop up.

*Set ManipulationMode to Translate.

*Handle ManipulationDelta event to move

*the UserControll (lets put a CompositeTransform as RenderTransform).

*Implement animation as you want Use the UserControll in your Page

A: This is How I did it as I didn't found any answers from 4 years till now :)
                            var dialog = new ContentDialog()
                            {
                                Title = "This is a Title!",
                                ManipulationMode = ManipulationModes.All,
                            };
                            dialog.ManipulationDelta += delegate (object sender, ManipulationDeltaRoutedEventArgs e)
                            {
                                if(!e.IsInertial)
                                    dialog.Margin = new Thickness(
                                        dialog.Margin.Left + e.Delta.Translation.X,
                                        dialog.Margin.Top + e.Delta.Translation.Y,
                                        dialog.Margin.Left - e.Delta.Translation.X,
                                        dialog.Margin.Top - e.Delta.Translation.Y
                                        );
                            };


Katie Freeman | Practicing More Fundamentals!
While finishing up other work, I like to take a look back on the fundamentals sometimes! This is not only because I always have tons more to learn and improve on, but it gives me a means to compare my progress and encourage myself as I see how far I have grown. It's also almost therapeutic at times to pick up a sketchbook and pencil/pen when most of my work is on my Cintiq!
This is some practice I did based on an article I saw on Level UP! about lighting and shapes. This practice was done in Photoshop.
Below are some sketches I did for fun!
Here are some practice poses I did, some from photo reference, some from internet reference, others just made up for fun.