In recent years, information technology has revolutionised the learning experience, we can now take a more casual, and flexible approach to learning in the workplace.
HRreview's webinar takes a look at integrating learning into a workplace practice.
E-Learning has a multitude of benefits such as: lowering costs; its mobile, you can access it via laptops, tablets and phones; there's no travel involved and it can be tailored to suit you. By implementing this informal education framework, it puts development at the centre of an organisation. Creating a culture of learning within a business will result in more productivity, less churn, retention of existing talent, attracting top talent and, most importantly, ROI.
Clearly this is something we should not be ignoring, especially when e-Learning is fast becoming one of the most popular methods of learning. So what are the best practices for in-house learning? What are the benefits of workplace learning? How do you avoid the pitfalls and ensure a productive learning environment?
Best practices for in-house learning.
Understanding the key areas in developing a truly effective learning solution.
Technological and cultural issues you may face.
The webinar, lasting around sixty minutes, will feature discussions with Laurie Burruss, Education Innovation Advisor at Lynda.com, on how to successfully integrate learning into an everyday workplace practice. We also look in detail at two case studies to better understand the process of implementing, measuring and refining your workplace learning strategy.
Bertie Tonks – International Talent and Organisation Development Specialist, The Collinson Group.


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Buckeye Basketball
2022-2023 College Basketball General Discussion
Thread starter Tomateaux Quinoa Gumbeaux
Tomateaux Quinoa Gumbeaux
Geaux Tigers!
Bestbuck36
Kyle Young/Cade Stover man crush. Stomp!
Heading somewhere.....
Fucks sake
FIRE McGUFF!
'17 The Deuce Champ
'18 The Deuce Champ
It's exhibition, but losing 57-47 to Lenoir-Rhyne isn't what any Louisville fan wants to see.
Sources: Gonzaga in talks with Big 12 about joining conference
Gonzaga's athletic director met in person with the Big 12 commissioner last week as part of broader discussions about the Zags joining the Big 12, sources told ESPN. The discussions are part of the possibility of a seismic move of the basketball powerhouse leaving the West Coast Conference for a power conference.
Big 12 commissioner Brett Yormark met with Gonzaga athletic director Chris Standiford at the Hyatt in Frisco, Texas, while the Zags were in the Dallas area to play Tennessee in a scrimmage, according to sources.
The move backs up Yormark's promises of the Big 12 to be aggressive and "open for business," and it could end up shifting the landscape of college basketball.
Entire article: https://www.espn.com/mens-college-b...urces-gonzaga-talks-big-12-joining-conference
Bob Huggins: Gonzaga in for 'awakening' if it joins Big 12
West Virginia coach Bob Huggins is not convinced that Gonzaga, a powerhouse in recent years, will sustain its success if it makes the move to the Big 12, one of America's premier leagues in men's college basketball.
ESPN's Pete Thamel reported Wednesday that Big 12 commissioner Brett Yormark and Gonzaga athletic director Chris Standiford had met in Texas recently to discuss the possibility, which would make the Big 12 a league that would rival and likely surpass any other in men's basketball.
"I would think it would be a tremendous awakening for Gonzaga [to join the Big 12]," Huggins told reporters on Thursday.
Sources also told Thamel that both the Pac-12 and the Big East had "engaged with" Gonzaga as well, but the extent of those conversations is unknown.
Entire article: https://www.espn.com/mens-college-b...69/bob-huggins-gonzaga-awakening-joins-big-12
buckeyemania11
HATE, HATE, HATE, HATE!!!
Former BPCFFB II Champ
'18 Bowl Upset Contest Winner
San Luis Obispo, California
I see why Ga Tech was picked dead last in the ACC
Reactions: OHSportsFan and brodybuck21
Florida State loses to Stetson 83-74
Reactions: Jake, thackattack, Bestbuck36 and 2 others
OHSportsFan
Fan of Ohio Sports in Indy
Man, I won't say I have ill will towards Luther Muhammad and Gaffney but I'll just leave it at "perplexed"…
Take a look at the ASU box score. Bleak stuff. They escape Tarleton with a 12-2 run to win by 3.
buckeyemania11 said:
stetson was picked 12 in the ASUN preseason poll. FSU was picked 5th in the ACC. This one of them really really bad losses
Reactions: Bestbuck36
OHSportsFan said:
Man, I won't say I have ill will towards Luther Muhammed and Gaffney but I'll just leave it at "perplexed"…
I really liked Muhammad in Scarlet and Gray too. Defensive stoppers are hard to come by but he's not even getting minutes for ASU and they are not good.
Reactions: OHSportsFan, Fungo Squiggly and brodybuck21
Bestbuck36 said:
Seemed like he was set to be Big Ten DPOY under Holtmann. And was adding some offensive game. Then he just…left.
Reactions: brodybuck21 and thackattack
USC getting blown off their own court by FGCU, where Andy Enfield used to coach (Dunk City, 2013).
Reactions: Jake and brodybuck21
The Pac 12 is looking rough
USC was 4th in the Pac preseason poll, FGCU isnt even expected to win the Asun (4th in their preseason poll)
Outside of Oregon, Arizona and UCLA it's bad.
You could pretty much legit call half the conference terrible. Arizona State, Wazzu, Washington, Cal, Utah & Oregon State all at least coming into the season are expected to be bad. Cal lost by 10 to UC Davis (a middle of the road Big West team) last night.
Florida forward Keyontae Johnson's collapse unrelated to COVID-19, family says
Florida forward Keyontae Johnson's collapse during a game two months ago was "not related to or a result of a previous or current" COVID-19 diagnosis, his family said in a statement Wednesday.
Johnson was rushed to a local hospital on Dec. 12 after falling face-first onto the court following a timeout in the first half of a game against Florida State in Tallahassee. He was listed in critical but stable condition, school officials said, before being airlifted to a hospital in Gainesville days later with his mother by his side, where he slowly recovered and started to communicate with his family and friends in the days that followed.
Like most of his teammates, Johnson tested positive for COVID-19 during the summer. The coronavirus can lead to myocarditis, a viral infection of the heart muscle.
"University of Florida Health treating physicians consulted with other local and national experts who reviewed the relevant imaging and testing related to this case," the family's statement said. "The unanimous conclusion of all experts is that Keyontae's medical emergency was not related to or a result of a previous or current Covid diagnosis."
Entire article: https://www.espn.com/mens-college-b...hnson-collapse-unrelated-covid-19-family-says
Just sayin': The good news is that he's recovering. etc.
Keyontae Johnson starts for Kansas State 2 years after collapsing on court
For the first time in nearly two years, Keyontae Johnson returned to the basketball court in a competitive game on Monday -- and didn't look too unlike the player who earned preseason SEC Player of the Year and first-round NBA draft hype in 2020.
Johnson, now a member of Kansas State after transferring from Florida last spring, hadn't played since collapsing during a game in December 2020. On Monday, he started in the Wildcats' 93-59 season-opening win over UT Rio Grande Valley and finished with 13 points, four assists and three 3-pointers.
"I'm feeling good, just thanking God every day for giving me the opportunity to get here and play again, just staying patient," Johnson said. "Before the game, I was a little emotional, but I knew the game was going to go so I had to keep going, just play and lay everything out for my team."
Johnson's first points in 23 months came on a 3-pointer with 14 minutes left in the first half, and he followed that up with another 3-pointer less than one minute later.
"Like I told the guys tonight, whether you felt you played well or didn't play well or played a lot or didn't play -- nobody should be unhappy tonight because Keyontae Johnson played a basketball game, a real game, an NCAA basketball game for the first time in two years," said first-year Kansas State coach Jerome Tang.
Johnson graduated from Florida last spring and opted to play elsewhere for his final year of eligibility. He chose Kansas State in August over Nebraska, Western Kentucky and Memphis, getting medically cleared to play in the process.
Entire article: https://www.espn.com/mens-college-b...-starts-kansas-state-2-years-collapsing-court
Georgetown has a player named Akok Akok. They're also trailing Coppin State in the second half.
Reactions: brodybuck21 and Bestbuck36
This is going to be a fun year for the Buckeye teams
Reactions: thackattack and brodybuck21

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


December 08, 2012 in "black tag photography", "through the lens"
Today I will be spending the day with several other photographers and volunteers in Louisville for our annual Help-Portrait event. What is Help-Portrait? It's hard to put into words. I volunteered for the first time last year and the event touched my heart in ways I can't explain.


For about a year now I've been talking about additional UAS oversight from the FAA. A recent document most would never see talks specifically about how a special focus on some oversight activities.
This information comes from a communication from FAA HQ to local Flight Standard District Offices (FSDOs) in N 8900.504.
Just don't be surprised if your UAS operations become selected for such an oversight visit.


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Sandstone Point, an urban area opposite Bribie Island, is positioned where Pumicestone Channel meets Deception Bay. It is 19 km east of Caboolture and 45 km north-east of central Brisbane.
The area's easternmost part is Toorbul Point, once an assembly place for members of the Ningy Ningy Aboriginal clan. Toorbul, or 'Turrbal', was first learned by Nundah missionaries who were guided there by local Aborigines in 1841, the word apparently being a reference to the bora ground south of Bestman Road. There is also a stone fish trap near the shore line.
Toorbul Point has also been known as Sandstone Point, and the physical Toorbul Point is easily recognised as the high headland south of the Bribie Island bridge. The locality known as Toorbul is a few kilometres up Pumicestone Channel, on the far side of Ningi Creek.
Sandstone Point is on the busy Bribie Island Road. From only a few hundred people in the 1980s, the population exceeded 2000 by 2001. The Pebble Beach retirement-community estate (2002) includes a sports field and public reserve. On the north-east edge, on Pumicestone Channel, there are a caravan park and a marina.
The residential population is relatively aged (median age 51 years, compared with 37 for Australia) at the 2011 census.
Sandstone Point's census populations have been:


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Q: Resolving sp_Blitz Finding: Many Plans for One Query
Why Multiple Plans for One Query Are Bad
So I was running sp_Blitz to get a handle on some systems.  Got some code to get cleaned up as usual.  Some heaps that should have been clustered indexes.  etc.
This particular query was using literals, seemed to be resulting in a lot of plans.  Got the indexing and stuff sorted out on the tables in this query, and even got the query parameterized for the latest code/database to go into production.
But still the query is showing as a parameterization issue.  (DBA helpfully turned the plan cache query into an SSRS report so I can just run through them quickly on the PROD environment from my browser).
Where to go from here?  Ignore it?  (Seems like a lot of plan counts)
Use forced parameterization?  (But the one that is explicitly parameterized is showing up).
Ugh - I see the developer didn't take my advice that the LEFT JOIN was being turned into an INNER JOIN...  I'll have to get that fixed...
Without forced parameterization, will all these literal-style queries never share the same plan?  Is this query too complicated for simple parameterization?

A: Community wiki answer:
If the query is now parameterized, you should be able to ignore all the ones that still show constant literals - those are in the plan cache now, but they'll age out over time.
In addition to the outer join that's not really an outer join anymore, is SELECT * required, or is it possible there is a skinnier pair of indexes that could cover the actual output requirements (usually some subset of *)? You should also encourage your developers to always use the schema prefix e.g. schema.object.
Simple parameterization only applies for trivial plans.
Also consider optimize for ad hoc workloads. Kimberly Tripp has some good guidance on cleaning the cache. Think of forced parameterization as a last resort, because it will affect all your queries, with a high risk of performance regressions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home Index By Subject By Year Biographies The Gift Shop
Hearing before the Senate Committee on Public Lands (Sixty-third Congress, First Session) on H.R. 7207, a bill "granting to the city and county of San Francisco certain rights of way in, over, and through certain public lands, the Yosemite National Park and Stanislaus National Forest, and certain lands in the Yosemite National Park, the Stanislaus National Forest, and the public lands in the state of California, and for other purposes."
Mr. Lehane. Let me see whether this is for the benefit of Senators. We get our water right on the Tuolumne River from two filings on the river made by our board. One of the filings was for 5,000 second-feet. Of course, that is much more than they need, but they filed on 5,000 second-feet. In addition to that we have a copy of the agreement by which the Turlock and Modesto irrigation districts agreed to divide that water, according to the growth which they might have in each district, and that is binding upon us to-day.
Senator Thomas. What is the duty of a second-foot of water in California?
Mr. Lehane. I am glad to have that question asked of me, because if you ask that question of a man from San Francisco he would tell you 160 acres of something else; but when Mr. O'Shaunessy said it was 160 acres to Mr. Taylor, of Glenwood Springs, that representative said to him, "Well, Mr. O'Shaunessy, in western Colorado we only estimate for 50 acres."
Senator Thomas. Well, I think that was a little more than twice too much.
Mr. Lehane. It was three times too much. He also said that in the eastern part of the State-I do not know anywhere where it runs up higher than 50, but it is 50 generally.
I have a copy here of Wiel's water law in which the duty of water in the various States is collected. In almost all of the western States it is 70 acres. That is the duty-70 acres to the second-foot.
This year by actual experience we have used the water, and it has run somewhere around 60 acres. In actual practice 60 acres to the second-foot perhaps might be adequate; but I have figured out here on the back of one of these documents how much water you are allowing us under this Raker bill, and it--
Senator Thomas. You are referring to the 6,350 feet provided for in the bill.
Mr. Lehane. Yes. Under the division which we have in accordance with our agreement with the Turlock-Modesto irrigation district, we are entitled to 740 feet of water. The Raker bill says we are to get 2,350 feet. The Raker bill recognizes our right to 2,350 feet and no more. Now, as a matter of fact, I just said that under the Raker bill you allow the Turlock-Modesto district 2,350 acre-feet.
Senator Thomas. And under some contingencies 4,000.
Mr. Lehane. That is in times of flood water and not under ordinary circumstances.
In our agreement with Turlock, the Modesto district gets 750 feet of that. The Garfield permit talked about 850 inches, but, as a matter of fact, the Garfield permit in no way regulates the supply of water between the two districts, which is governed by a contract between us. At the present time we divide it roughly about two to one. They take two-thirds and we take one-third. As a matter of fact, however, they have shown their teeth a little, and I suppose that before long we will be getting only what we are entitled to under our agreement. If under the Raker bill 2,350 feet of water was turned out, this year we had a little over 700 feet in our canals. Therefore we have 700 feet in our canals, and we would be able to get around with that just once a month and irrigate; where is the balance going to be irrigated? We will have the magnificent sum of 24 second-feet of water to do that with.
Senator Thomas. Will this 2,350 second-feet constitute your sole supply?
Mr. Lehane. It will.
Senator Thomas. You have no other source of supply?
Mr. Lehane. No, sir.
Senator Norris. Have you used more than that in the past?
Mr. Lehane. We have not used more than that in the past, and I will tell you why we have not.
Senator Norris. What I want to get at is the local situation. I do not know what your law in California may be on that. I do not think we can take away from you anything you are entitled to under the law, even though we said you are going to do it. Does this bill permit you to take that to which you are entitled under the law? That is what I want to get at.
Mr. Lehane. Here is what we think: We think that when we get there under a bill that gives us 2,350 feet of water and says that that is enough, and if we accept it we think we will have a mighty hard time to go into any court and convince them that amount of water is not enough for us.
Senator Norris. Have you filings?
Mr. Lehane. We have filings; yes, sir.
Senator Norris. Is there any contest over those filings?
Mr. Lehane. There is no contest over those filings. As I was saying, here is what I think would ordinarily happen. Suppose this Raker bill passes. Out of the dam they will turn out to us 740 feet of water. We are enlarging our ditches and we have been enlarging them for five years by little dinky annual taxes, with which we construct a flume at a time, you might say. It is just like the little dinky farmers handling of all those things. They just do it by piecemeal. They cut off the dog's tail a little at a time so it won't hurt him. Every year we put in a new flume or a new improvement, however. We make a fill, and then we concrete it.
This new ditch is big enough to carry fourteen to fifteen thousand second-feet of water, and it is just halfway down from the La Orange dam to where it ought to be. We water users have been working for years for bonds, but we have never been able to get them up until this year. However, I must say that we have developed our water supply at a reasonable rate. The board complied with the law and our filings are good.
Senator Norris. How much water do those filings give you?
Mr. Lehane. They are filings on all that we could beneficially use.
Senator Norris. How much would that give you?
Mr. Lehane. If we used 70 inches, which is the statutory amount in a great many States-six or eight States-it would be 1,177 second-feet. Now, then, that would leave us, say, 417 second-feet. In other words, if we use the water just as we are using it now, we have to have over 400 more second-feet than we are carrying in our canals how to give us the same service we are now getting. We are not getting the same service now. As a matter of fact, I was talking with a very intelligent farmer over there and he agrees with everything I have said. We have extreme heat in the summer, as you know, and the soil is poor. I have been in Idaho where you can put on heavy land and it will not soak through. In our country we are subject to fairly high winds through the Golden Gate and down that way. You can put water on land and a fresh wind springs up and dries it down several inches before you know it. We lose water very rapidly, and it takes more water than it does in those northern sections.
Senator Thomas. What is your construction of section 11 of this proposed bill? I would like to hear you on that.
Mr. Lehane. I have no doubt it was put in with the best of intentions, but if any living human being can tell me where it will do us a particle of good, I will be tickled to death to hear it.
Senator Thomas. That is what I want to hear you on now.
Mr. Lehane. Tell us how the Raker bill is going to work for our advantage. They have the water in the Hetch Hetchy; they start downstream with it; it is their stored water, and they have filed on it, and will you tell me how we can take it away from them? At the present time we have no statutory method of defining our rights. We have a conservation law, held up by the referendum. The general impression is that it will not carry. However, it is a start in the right direction; but it is going to fall by the wayside, I guess. The result will be that we are going to be thrown into the courts, and we will fight and fight and fight with San Francisco over that water question. I know what that litigation means; I can look ahead and see no finish to it at all. This is what it will do: One ditch will litigate the next ditch; the next ditch will litigate the next ditch. And they will take that up with each other right around he ring, just in a circle.
Senator Thomas. Yes; I have been all through it.
Mr. Lehane. When they get through with that, some fellow on the ditch will start in with his neighbor. Maybe 300 farmers will be litigating all the time on this.
Senator Thomas. And they are apt to enforce their rights with a shotgun and a revolver, too.
Mr. Lehane. Yes; and every man will have a revolver and a shotgun.
Senator Norris. What I would like to get is your idea on this subject. Let me illustrate: Suppose instead of this being a San Francisco filing, some other water district filed on this water San Francisco is going to take. As between you and them he would not get it under your law. Have you any legal claim?
Mr. Lehane. We have absolutely no legal claim to the water in the Hetch Hetchy, and San Francisco has absolutely no legal claim to the water in the Hetch Hetchy.
Senator Norris. That is true.
Mr. Lehane. But we have the moral right to the water in the Hetch Hetchy, because we are on the Tuolumne watershed and it is a universally conceded matter that the water should go to the people on the watershed of the streams where they live.
Senator Norris. That looks like a reasonable proposition, but I want to call your attention just to this now. I think you have been represented here before the committee of the House and the Senate. You had a representative there. As I understand it-I have not seen the records-but the balance of the committee felt that way; your people whom you represent here were satisfied with the provisions in this bill.
Mr. Lehane. I wonder if that looks as though they were satisfied-these telegrams to which I referred.
Senator Norris. I want to ask you now is or is not that true? Has not this delegation represented your people before the committee?
Mr. Lehane. I suppose I will have to explain it. That takes time, and valuable time, but I will do the best I can. In short words, this is how it happened. We sent down here last spring our representatives.
In the first place a number of us were very much exercised over this Hetch Hetchy question. We started in early on it to get our people wakened up to do something on the Hetch Hetchy question, because we knew the disposition of the San Francisco people, and we figured they would be here. You know what a farmer is. Actually the going off of an ordnance will not wake him up. He does not get good and busy until the thing has happened. You could not take any of those farmer people wake up at first. Finally they woke up, and they found that San Francisco was here.
A committee was rushed to Washington, and on that committee we had a new member for the Modesto irrigation district, and a new man does not pretend to be familiar with the water conditions. He said so. We have no engineer. We have been having revolutions out there in the water business; we had a new engineer; we came down here with an engineer. The engineer who represented us was Mr. Corey, from San Francisco. Mr. Griffin represented the Turlock irrigation district, and he is the champion handshaker of our country. They were supposed to represent both factions. They came down here, and this is what they did: Mr. Needham was employed by the districts. Mr. Church was on the ground, and I guess I will not be violating any confidence when I say this. At any rate the telegrams and letters were published in the papers out home. Word came home that San Francisco had an air-tight cinch on the Hetch Hetchy down here and that she had it all nailed down and copper riveted; she had it fixed.
Very well, what were we going to do? They suggested that we get together and compromise with the San Francisco crowd on this bill. See how many thousand miles we are away from Washington. No noise that we ever could make on the west side of the Rockies would come this far, unless it might be the Japanese question. It never gets to you. Very well. We wired back that we would decide when they got home. Then they started out on a trip up by Hudsons Bay or somewhere and did not get home until the first week in August. All this time we were champing on the bit to get at them, but we had to wait out of courtesy until they got home. We went out into the country with those fellows and debated this with the farmers. When they debated it they never got a farmer who was so favorable to the Raker bill that he would stand up and be counted. They could not get a single one.
The Chairman. Mr. Lehane, your time is up. If you want a few minutes more, I will grant it, but I hope you will try to conclude your statement in as short a time as possible.
Mr. Lehane. I was asked a question, and I have been answering it. The question is now, What are we going to do? I would have to say this-of course, irrigationists will understand this. When they first organized the Modesto district the town of Modesto was included in the irrigation district because those old hidebound California grain growers would rather have seen the water coursing down the river than to have seen it on the land. They just wanted to drive 10 mules and hire a man to follow the plow. Now, the town took them in and the irrigation district goes right into the town. They districted things so that a corner of two or three districts ran right into town, and then the fellows in town held the control of our district. The fellows in town did not get the benefit; the farmers were the fellows that got the benefit, but still the fellows in town had something to say about it. I could name one man who has practically dictated the policy of our board for 10 years. I go into his office and have a talk with him and I know that when he tells me something that I won't have to bother about spending any of my time with the board. I know what to do. All the water users were claiming that water and wanted to get water. How were they to get the water? Suppose to-morrow we put $20 an acre into this Hetch Hetchy business. Suppose we fellows in the town there vote for the bonds. Can you not see that when we vote $20 for bonds that that does not improve that town property. They have just twice that much to pay and they do not get a nickel for that unless their town property increases. The farmers get the benefit; the farmer gets the water.
Senator Norris. If they refuse to vote the bonds, you can not handle the proposition.
Mr. Lehane. This is what we are doing now. We tried to recall one of those fellows who was opposed to any movement of this kind. That took us over two years. Finally we did recall him; then they undertook to recall our fellows. They could not do it, but they kept us tied up so that we could not get this election on. It came on down to the election last November and then we wiped them up. There was nothing to it.
Now, what is going to happen to us? The man who has stayed up there all these years, the man who went in there with us, within 60 days after the general election last spring he faced around and was with the enemy again. And there we were. And there we were with no water and no water ditches and no nothing; and I tell you, Senator Thomas, talk about the man with the shotgun to settle the irrigation dispute-it was only the second last meeting that they had the marshal in there to preserve order when the board met. Oh, yes; a man who does not betray his constituents does not need any marshal to protect him; but the man who does betray his constituents does need several marshals to protect him.
What could we do when we went back? Our people were unanimously opposed to this Raker bill. We had to wait six months for the recall, and that time only elapsed only a few weeks ago, but just as quick as the six months were out we went after them, and as I said we were unanimous and we are unanimous, and if this committee here will give us a little time we will come down here with an official board, with official attorneys, official engineers, and we will make a showing to this committee and to this Congress that will put you on the right track. But if you give Hetch Hetchy to San Francisco now without any hearing of our claim you will have cut us right in two in the middle.
Senator Thomas. Does this 2,350 second-feet of water represent the filings of these two districts which antedate the filings of San Francisco? In other words, are there any priorities of rights in respect to the water filings? What I would like to know is if there is any priorities of right up to that time or whether there are priorities in excess of the 2,350 feet?
Mr. Lehane. I will say that I can not say positively-I know that our filings antedate the San Francisco filings.
Senator Thomas. I know, but I am speaking beyond the 2,350 feet.
Mr. Lehane. Oh, yes-5,000 feet. On page 102 of the hearings it gives the date [reading]:
The notice of appropriation filed June 21, 1890, and January 5, 1890, by the Modesto and Turlock district were in the usual form.
They started in to post these notices about the time they built their big dam.
Senator Norris. Beyond those two filings which you have referred. San Francisco would have the right to the water upon which they have filed, would they not, under your California law?
Mr. Lehane. They would.
Senator Norris. Would they only have the right to take additional water and give you more water in the territory already protected?
Mr. Lehane. The House committee in its generosity permitted the district to increase their area. You will appreciate the magnitude of the generosity when you realize that they did not furnish them any water for the increased acreage.
Senator Thomas. I would like to know how many feet you claim you have a vested right to in there?
Mr. Lehane. Under the law of the State of California, if we develop within a reasonable way our water system, we could, for instance, file on 5,000 acre-feet. And then we could develop right up to 5,000 acre-feet if we could get any reasonable conditions. We are actually using at the present time a little over 700 acre-feet, and under our written agreement on file with the Turlock irrigation district we are entitled to only 740 feet. We have been constructing by piece-deal this big ditch which will carry water for 1,400 or 1,600 second-feet. There was a dispute between our superintendent and the man in charge of construction as to the exact amount.
Senator Thomas. You say this section, Mr. Lehane, does not mean anything to you? Would it mean any more if we designated the number of second-feet of water to which you would be entitled?
Mr. Lehane. Here is the danger we are in. It is not an imaginary danger at all. We are in danger that if we come in before Congress and consent to that bill and consent to 2,350 second-feet, we will be placed in the position of admitting that is sufficient for us.
Senator Norris. Of course, you are taking into consideration the fact that your rights are all secured to you, are you not?
Mr. Lehane. If we come down here and say that is enough, how would we show that it is not enough? I say it is not enough. I say that, as a fair-minded man, or anybody else, that we are now using within 24 second-feet on 48,000 acres, and what are we going to do with the other 33,000 acres?
Senator Norris. I understand that you have enough for that which you are now irrigating.
Mr. Lehane. We do not have enough, or even enough now, for our land. For instance, take the Government project up in Oregon, where they wet their ground every two weeks. In our country we have intense heat every summer. You must irrigate the ground frequently. When we have an irrigation problem of this sort we have to have a larger ditch,and as it is now it takes 30 days to get around. It takes them 30 days to get to my land. When they got to my alfalfa this spring it was as dead as a doornail. When the water was put it revived somewhat, but it did not do well at all. Now, on my land-on that fine land-I only got just 3 tons of hay to the acre. We have a little strip of subirrigated country right in here [referring to map]. In there, where the roots of the alfalfa touch the water, they get seven crops, and they average 7 to 8 tons to the acre; whereas I only get three crops, and I will always have three unless I can get some water out of the Hetch Hetchy. But we are not scared because we can not get the Hetch Hetchy for ourselves, but we are scared because when San Francisco gets that water it is going to put us in such a position that they will have it forever. We will never get it.
Another thing I want to say in that connection is this: Water and power are synonymous. Up there before the water conservation committee in Sacramento I heard a friend of mine who is not as popular in San Francisco with some people as somebody else might be, make an argument in favor of the conservation bill.
Senator Norris. You are referring to Francis J. Heney?
Mr. Lehane. Yes. I refer to Frank Heney. He made a talk on the beauties of water power as the power of the future. It was true, every word of it. There is no question but that in 25 years we will be using electricity for every power use in the State.
Senator Norris. That is just the point. Have you made a computation to ascertain how much per acre you would have to bond yourselves in order to build a dam at Hetch Hetchy and bring that water out to you?
Mr. Lehane. Now, I do not think that that can be computed accurately. But there is no question about that, that that is the cheapest water power in the Sierras, and there is no question but that the cost as estimated by Luther Wagner gives approximately what it will cost. We can bond ourselves for $65 an acre. Frank R. Davis, chief engineer of the Reclamation Service, says that it will cost about $8 or $10 an acre in the Carson-Truckee project. Of course things are not nearly so favorable there as with us. All we want is 2 acre-feet of that. That would cost us $12 an acre. If we doubled that, if the Hetch Hetchy cost was twice as much as they say it will cost, it will be $24. It would not cost any more than that. It would not cost us any more than it would cost private individuals to do it.
Senator Norris. I wanted to get an idea about that because I want to know whether it is a practical proposition for you. How much will your land stand you now?
Mr. Lehane. Land right alongside is standing $56 an acre, and they are glad to get it.
Senator Norris. If you went up $2.50 how much money would that bring on the amount of land you have?
Mr. Lehane. If the Hetch Hetchy is as cheap as we think it is, and as everybody else thinks it is, it would give us 6 acre-feet of stored water and all we are asking for is 2 acre-feet. That would be $30 an acre.
Senator Norris. I do not know the number of acres you own.
Mr. Lehane. We have 80,000 acres in the Modesto alone. Just a word there, in connection with the West Side. The West Side has 100,000 acres of land. All they want is power. Power synonomous with water. Here is what they intend to do and what they can do. They can go down to the lower end of the San Joaquin River and the Sacramento, put in a pumping plant at what they call Old River. They will pump that out at the San Joaquin and run it down to the West Side and raise all the crops they need.
The Chairman. I do not like to call time, but you have now existed your time by about 15 or 20 minutes.
Senator Ransdell. If we give you all the water you need how much would be left for San Francisco?
Mr. Lehane. If we had all the water we need for our country in there there would not be any of it left in Hetch Hetchy. I want to call your attention to the fact that Lake Eleanor and Cherry Creek are good for 200,000 acre-feet of water. If you give us Hetch Hetchy to-morrow, San Francisco would have nearly the same amount at Lake Eleanor and Cherry Creek and they could get an additional supply sooner or later.
As I suggested before, it is possible for this Senate to appoint a committee and go out there and make some kind of an equitable division of that water, in which we would not be yoked up to San Francisco in any business partnership. We do not want to see you let San Francisco take so much and at the same time leave our country a permanent arid waste.
Senator Ransdell. As I understand, you claimed to have filed now on 5,000 feet of water. That will take up a good deal of the water in the Hetch Hetchy, will it not?
Mr. Lehane. Yes. In our district there we need that water. For our own district, for the Modesto and Turlock districts, comprise 250,000 acres of land. In our district we have 20,000 acres that have no water. East of the Turlock district is 25,000 acres more without water. It is all level land. I am not talking of the rolling land. In time all that rolling land will be under cultivation. On the west side of the river is 100,000 acres of land. If you give us the Hetch Hetchy we would have adequate water for the full season on our two districts of 250,000 or 260,000 acres of land, and we could reclaim 100,000 acres of new land.
Senator Ransdell. That would consume all the water of the Hetch Hetchy, would it not?
Mr. Lehane. It would consume all the water of the Hetch Hetchy; and yet San Francisco would be getting from her present sources all the water that is necessary from Cherry Creek.
Senator Pittman. As I understand it, what you are really asking is that we do not permit the building of this dam to enable San Francisco to carry out its appropriation of this water?
Mr. Lehane. Well, this Congress has in its power absolutely to say.
Senator Pittman. I understand.
Mr. Lehane. This Congress can say where that water shall go. You have to choose between us and San Francisco.
Senator Pittman. Whatever vested rights or whatever inchoate rights you have there which you may perfect can not be diminished or taken away from you by any act of Congress.
Statement of Mr. W.C. Lehane of California Continues


I'm an Army veteran and gun owner. The 'good guy with a gun' theory is a myth.
I never see a "good guy with a gun:" I see a human more likely to exacerbate a tragedy than to stop it.
Last week, another man with another high-powered rifle opened fire on Americans with the intent to kill as many people as possible. Before being shot and killed by police, Kevin Janson Neal murdered his wife and riddled a grade school in rural Rancho Tehama Reserve with bullets, ultimately killing five people. In a busy news cycle, the shooting barely registered at the national level. This is our new reality.
Our nation's love of firearms, combined with our history of arrogance and hyper-masculinity, has produced a culture in which millions of (particularly younger) white men now believe they could, at any time, be the only thing standing between good and evil. A quick search on YouTube will provide countless videos of these would-be superheroes strolling down city streets with powerful rifles on display, begging for law enforcement to challenge their constitutional rights.
This is not simply an issue of Second Amendment rights, however. The world is a dangerous place, and these would-be crime stoppers claim that a good guy with a gun must be ready and willing to stop a bad guy with a gun. As evidence, they point to high-profile stories like the recent Texas shooting at First Baptist Church, in which a good Samaritan with a gun chased and ultimately wounded the shooter as he left the church. He did not prevent the massacre, but maybe he could have, if he had only gotten there earlier — at least, that's what these people argue.
The psychological strength required to act quickly and effectively in a mass shooting comes from monotonous training.
During this period, your rifle goes everywhere you go. Because the Army does not trust new privates enough to sleep with their rifles, you are issued a replica for evenings — affectionately called a "rubber ducky." And so long as it is in your possession, that replica must also go everywhere you go, even if it's in the middle of the night to use the restroom. This builds respect for the devastation a soldier can inflict with their weapon. They learn to honor those skills.
The Army also does not trust recruits while at the firing range. Once shooting and instruction have concluded for the day, "brass and ammo" checks are conducted: Every soldier lines up, strips off all their extraneous gear, literally turns out their pockets so the lining is displayed, takes off their covers, and must announce: "No brass, no ammo, Drill Sergeant!" They are then thoroughly searched, and god help the private who has not accounted for a spare round or bit of brass somewhere on their person. This ritual continues throughout your military career, and it is required of everyone, no matter their rank.
Nothing is left to chance. It is not taken on faith that a soldier, even one with years of experience, will conduct themselves appropriately. Every soldier, no matter how green, is considered an unofficial safety officer on the range. At any time, the youngest private, if concerned, can call out "Cease fire!" while waving their arms and all action will screech to a halt. This is gospel.
When I see a young man openly carrying a firearm in public, I can only think of how much could go wrong.
And this is just basic rifle marksmanship. In this phase, soldiers are stationary, either kneeling or laying in the prone. Moving around while firing at targets is a whole other ballgame and requires constant drilling that establishes strong muscle memory. I can't tell you how many hours I spent going through monotonous exercises of intentionally falling on the ground with my weapon, getting back up, using a correct stance while in forward movement, and generally training my body to react with precision.
Yet, even in these controlled environments, with officers and sergeants who have ostensibly seen everything and typically exercise competent command of training operations, stupid mistakes still happen and people die. Even after all of this training, soldiers are still human beings who make mistakes.
Charlotte Clymer is a transgender Army veteran and writer based in Washington, D.C.


The president wants a funding package for the next fiscal year to include billions for his proposed border wall with Mexico, an idea Democrats, fresh from capturing the House, have flatly rejected.
Top EU officials rule out any significant changes to the divorce agreement with Britain as Theresa May fights to save her Brexit deal by lobbying leaders in Europe's capitals.
A Chinese technology executive jailed in Canada will have to wait at least one more day to see if she will be released on bail in a case that ratcheted U.S.-China tensions.
Trump's legal troubles unnerve Republicans who believe the turmoil leaves the president increasingly vulnerable in 2020.
Taxe relief and other fiscal measures announced by Emmanuel Macron to try to calm nationwide protests will cost as much as $11 billion.
Hertz is teaming up with Clear, the maker of biometric screening kiosks found at many airports, in an effort to slash the time it takes to pick up a rental car.
A newly revamped board has until the end of January to decide whether the embattled former network boss receives a $120 million severance package.
Three church bells seized by U.S. troops as war trophies in 1901 are returned to the Philippines in a move long demanded by Filipino leaders.
Rudy Giuliani's assertion as it relates to Trump and Robert Mueller's investigation tops Yale's list of the most notable quotes of 2018.
A social media ad campaign by Christmas tree farmers fights back against the growing popularity of artificial trees.


text:
110 in the Shade
Production HighlightsSee more productions
London Production (1967)
York Theatre Company Production (1982)
New York City Opera Revival (1992)
Lost Musicals Concert (1999)
Roundabout Revival (2007)
There are a total of 14 productions in Ovrtur's database.
Click on the title for info on the song.
Another Hot Day
a.k.a. Gonna Be Another Hot Day
Lizzie's Comin' Home
a.k.a. Lizzie's Coming Home
Love, Don't Turn Away
Poker Polka
Hungry Men
a.k.a. The Hungry Men
The Rain Song
a.k.a. Rain Song
You're Not Foolin' Me
a.k.a. You're Not Fooling Me
A Man and a Woman
Old Maid
Everything Beautiful Happens at Night
a.k.a. Everything Beautiful
Melisande
Simple Little Things
Little Red Hat
Is It Really Me?
Wonderful Music
Cut prior to opening but added to London production
One Hundred Ten in the Shade
a.k.a. 110 in the Shade
Cut prior to opening
Too Many People Alone
Pretty Is
Evenin' Star
a.k.a. Evening Star
a.k.a. Shooting Star
I Live by Myself and I Like It
Whole Hog or Nothin'
I Can Dance
Dance Hall Saturday Night
a.k.a. Dessau Dance Hall
Fliberty Jibits
a.k.a. Flibberty-Gibbet
Everything Was Fine
Why Can't They Leave Me Alone?
a.k.a. Why Can't They Leave Me Alone
Come On Along
Added to 2003 Signature Theatre Production
You Gotta Get a Man the Way a Man Gets Got
Studio Cast Recordings
Recordings listed here were done in the studio specifically to release as recordings. They do not represent cast recordings of a particular production.
Studio Cast (1997)
Richard Muenz, George Lee Andrews, Walter Charles, Sam Samuelson, Karen Ziemba
Demos & Pre-Production Recordings
Studio Demo (unknown year) - audio
Composer's Demo (unknown year) - audio
Source Material
Based on the play The Rainmaker by N. Richard Nash
Lizzie, a plain-looking girl had left town hoping to find a husband but she has failed. Her menfolk decide to try another plan; they'll invite Sheriff File, the town's most eligible bachelor, to the annual picnic. The men try to lure the sheriff to the picnic but he refuses. Lizzie, expecting File, joins in the picnic preparations but she becomes angry and hurt when she learns he is not coming. Out of nowhere,a stranger, the Fabulous Starbuck suddenly appears, announcing that he's a Rainmaker and for the modest fee of $100 he will end the drought and cause the rain to fall.
Lizzie sees through the fraud and calls Starbuck a fake. He in turn tells her that she is not really a woman. Suddenly, File arrives at the picnic. He confesses to Lizzie that he is not a widower, as he has been saying, but a divorced man. He tells her in song of the heartbreak that can come to a man and a woman. Lizzie answers by singing of the bright side of marriage, but File is unconvinced. Lizzie calls him a fool, and is immediately sorry--but it's too late. File--and her last chance--is gone. Lizzie runs off and tries to reconcile herself to being an old maid.
Lizzie goes to Starbuck's wagon. He tries to persuade her to adopt a marvellous name and a dream to go with it. No, she explains, her dreams are all of simple little things. Starbuck tries to convince her that she is pretty: someday she'll see it in the eyes of the man who loves her. Starbuck kisses her and suddenly Lizzie realises that she is being wooed by two attractive men.
Meanwhile Starbuck confesses to Lizzie that he is a con man and a fake--he has never made rain in his life. But, just when he has decided to stay with Lizzie and try living in the real world, File appears with a warrant for Starbuck's arrest. But File is persuaded by all to let Starbuck get away. Starbuck begs Lizzie to flee with him. File, realising, at last, that he loves her, asks her to stay with him. Lizzie decides to stay with File. Suddenly, miracle of miracles, the rains come. The long drought is over.
(adapted from The Guide to Musical Theatre.)
There were 114 songs written for this show before rehearsals and four additional written out-of-town. Cut songs listed are those for which recordings have been traced. A complete list of the cut songs was not available.
One Hundred & Ten in the Shade (Title as it appeared in newspaper ABC listings for original production)
Rainbow (working title)
The Rainmaker (source material)


text:
Uncovering the Truth About the 1981 Hunger Strike
Bobby Sands Trust
Brendan Duddy
"Rusty Nail"
Anthony McIntyre
Brian Rowan
Jim Gibney
Liam Clarke
Dolours Price
Ed Moloney
Garret FitzGerald
Gasyard Debate
ICJP
Irish Government
Irish News Special Issue
Andersonstown News
Derry Journal
The Blanket
The Pensive Quill
Sile Darragh
Blanketmen
Brendan 'Bik' McFarlane
Colm Scullion
Former Hunger Strikers
Kevin McQuillan
Richard O'Rawe
Ruairí Ó Brádaigh
Ten Men Dead
The British Offer from Thatcher
Oct 26, 2010 Comments Off on Interview with Bik McFarlane, Derry Journal
Interview with Bik McFarlane, Derry Journal
Commemoration event in Sandinos tomorrow night
Published Date: 26 October 2010
The 30th anniversary of the first Long Kesh hunger strike will be marked in Derry tomorrow night at an event involving one of the key participants and the man who led the 1981 protest.
Foyle Sinn Féin MLA Raymond McCartney spent 53 days on hunger strike from October 1980 to January 1981 along with six other republican prisoners.
Bobby Sands began a second hunger strike in March 1981 and handed over command of the IRA prisoners to Brendan 'Bik' McFarlane.
Mr McFarlane, now a key figure in Sinn Féin in Belfast, will be speaking in Sandino's Bar, Water Street, tomorrow night alongside Mr McCartney and Mary Doyle, who took part in the 1980 hunger strike in Armagh.
Speaking ahead of the event, Mr McFarlane described the hunger strike period as one of the most important in recent Irish history and compared its impact to the Easter Rising of 1916.
"It was a watershed in our struggle," he told the 'Journal'. "It was hugely important and comparable to 1916. My ten comrades who died on hunger strike are comparable to the men who went into the GPO in terms of their influence and place in republican history," he said.
The former H-Block OC said it was important to remember the period and to explain it to a new generation.
"The political ramifications of that are still being felt and have led us to where we are today. The foundation stone was laid for the development and enhancement of republican politics," he said.
Mr McFarlane said he believes young people should learn more about the hunger strike period. "It is crucial that people focus on it. This was 30 years ago but, for many people, particularly the hunger strikers' families, this is not history. It is as fresh in their memories as last week.
"When I look at it now, the age of those involved is remarkable. Joe McDonnell was the eldest by far and he was 30 years-old. The prisoners from Derry always seemed to me to be the youngest. I myself was in my 20s. But the common sense and selflessness of those hunger strikers was massive. They had fierce dedication and commitment," he explained.
Mr McFarlane also rejected claims from some quarters that the lives of a number of the hunger strikers could have been saved and that a possible deal was rejected by the IRA leadership. "Quite frankly, it is absolute nonsense. There was no secret deal. I was there and it simply did not occur. There is not one shred of evidence," he said.
Despite the importance of the hunger strikes, Mr McFarlane said his main memories of the period are of the loss of friends. "I remember all the lads but I have an abiding memory of Joe McDonnell at the time the back channel was opened through Derry. He grabbed my arms and told me there was not enough on offer and said, 'don't you sell us short.' I think about that every day," he said.
The hunger strike commemoration will take place upstairs in Sandino's Cafe Bar, Water Street, tomorrow night at 8 pm.
Sourced from the Derry Journal
Oct 6, 2009 Comments Off on Hunger striker's children renew inquiry call
Hunger striker's children renew inquiry call
By Staff reporter, Derry Journal
The children of Derry hunger striker Micky Devine have renewed their call to find out the truth about the circumstances that led to their father's death in Long Kesh in 1981.
Michael Og and Lousie Devine have called on leading Belfast republican, Laurence McKeown, to explain comments he made in a recent interview when he said there was "nothing new" on offer from the British during the negotiation surrounding the hunger strike in 1981.
The Devines are calling for an independent inquiry to be held into claims that a deal which could potentially have saved the lives of six of the hunger strikers was rejected by the IRA leadership, despite having been accepted by republican leaders within jail. The claim, which was made by a former blanketman, has been rejected by Sinn Féin and many leading republicans.
Michael Og Devine said: "Our father was the last of the Hunger Strikers to die and all we ask from republicans is the truth. Due to all the contradictions, new evidence and the ever-changing shifting Sinn Fein narrative we feel that only an independent republican Inquiry can heal this festering sore that has erupted over what occurred during the Hunger Strike," he said.
Mr Devine also said he is confident his father was not aware of any deal coming into the prison through a secret contact known as the 'Mountain Climer.'
"Both Louise and I attended the Gasyard debate and listened to Brendan Duddy claim that the offer he wrote down and communicated to Martin McGuinness on the 5th July '81 contained four of the demands. He also stated that he believed this was a genuine offer from the British.
"We would make this appeal to Laurence to tell us publicly exactly what did happen in the prison hospital and what exactly was my father told, if anything, that he felt he couldn't share with his family or his movement. We would also like to ask Laurence did he see a copy of the offer which Duddy gave to McGuinness who in turn gave it to Gerry Adams," he said.
Jul 10, 2009 Comments Off on Derry Journal: Seeking the 'facts' on the hunger strike
Derry Journal: Seeking the 'facts' on the hunger strike
Seeking the 'facts' on the hunger strike
Published Date: 10 July 2009
A chara,
In his most recent letter (Tuesday Journal, 7/7) Donncha McNiallais dismissed my questions as being opinions, rumours and speculation while pushing what he claimed to have occurred as facts.
He tried to push the line that the Brits reneged on an offer made during the first Hunger Strike, going as far as to state; "Secondly, when the first hunger strike was nearing its climax with Sean McKenna close to death, the British made an 'offer' through the Mountain Climber. Apparently, this offer amounted to three-and-a-half of the five demands, which sounds familiar."
How could the Brits renege on an offer never completed? The hunger strike was called off before the offer could be made into a deal.
What actually happened was, at the same time as Brendan Hughes was calling off the hunger strike in order to save Sean McKenna, Father Meagher was delivering a document to Gerry Adams and others at Clonard Monastery from the British government. Adams and the others weren't happy with what the document contained but they were arranging to have it sent into the prison when they got word that the hunger strike had ended.
When Bobby and the Dark (Hughes] eventually got to see the document after they received it from Father Meagher, it didn't contain what Donncha stated was 'apparently three-and-a-half of the five demands', but stated "The prisoners would have to wear 'prison-issue clothing' during week-days, when they were engaged in prison work." This didn't even meet the bottom line as far as the five demands went and would have never been enough to end the hunger strike had Brendan Hughes chose to let Sean McKenna die and continue. In fact, Bobby said to Father Meagher, "It wasn't what we wanted."
Not only that, but republicans in Clonard with Adams said of the document, "It's as full of holes as a sieve." Even Adams said "it wasn't a document I would have negotiated for."
Donncha quoted from Denis O'Hearn's book, yet all of this is in pages 295 to 302 of that book and it can also be found in page 44 of Ten Men Dead; anyone can check this for themselves. I'm surprised Donncha seemingly failed to read the above-mentioned pages as he would've seen that all of this meant that the so-called offer from the Brits wasn't worth the document it was printed on as it contained nothing. How could the Brits renege on nothing, with the hunger strike ended?
There was a major difference between the first hunger strike and the second one at the time of the July 5th offer. Firstly, four men had died and others were following them on hunger strike. Secondly, Bobby had been elected as a MP, while Kieran Doherty and Paddy Agnew had been elected as TDs, thus effectively smashing Thatcher's criminalisation policy. Then there was the July 4th conciliatory statement from Richard O'Rawe on behalf of the prisoners which pulled back from Political Status and stated that all prisoners could avail of the five demands. It was following this statement that the British government made an offer on July 5th via the Mountain Climber to the IRA.
Since Richard O'Rawe first made his claims, complete denials of any offers changed to 'no concrete offers'; now with this too totally refuted, especially by Brendan Duddy's admission that he took a offer to the IRA which they rejected, the guff has all changed to not trusting the Brits! Which of course is true, you can't trust the Brits; however men were dying and Joe was at death's door. So why not hold them to their word while making it clear that as soon as the hunger strike ended, if the promised immediate statement from the British was not forthcoming, then those men waiting in line would resume the Hunger Strike within 24 hours?
Of course, there would have been no need for this, as according to Bik in a comm to Adams dated 6.7.81, the ICJP the previous day had told the hunger strikers that they were willing to act as guarantors over any settlement. That was July 5th, the same day the Brits made their offer via the Mountain Climber. The ICJP were unaware of this offer; the following day July 6th Gerry Adams called the ICJP to a safe house in Belfast and told Father Crilly and Hugh Logue about the contact with the British government and that they had been offering them more than had been offered to the ICJP. This was an attempt to encourage the Commission to withdraw.
Surely Adams should have been encouraging them to ensure that the Brits kept their word over any agreed settlement instead of trying to remove them? Why remove those willing to act as guarantors?
Mise le meas,
Thomas Dixie Elliott
Jul 8, 2009 Comments Off on IRSP reject Anderson criticism
IRSP reject Anderson criticism
The IRSP have described Sinn Féin's Martina Anderson's attack on those republicans calling for an inquiry to be held into the events of the 1981 hunger strike as "arrogant."
Strabane man Willie Gallagher, a member of the IRSP's ruling executive, was speaking after the Sinn Féin MLA called for an end to the current controversary over the hunger strike.
Jul 7, 2009 Comments Off on Derry Journal: Richard O'Rawe statement
Derry Journal: Richard O'Rawe statement
O'Rawe and inquiry
Following a call from the families of Patsy O'Hara and Micky Devine to Gerry Adams, Danny Morrison, Bik McFarlane and myself to support an independent inquiry into the 1981 hunger strike (Journal, 30th June), I wish it to be known that I pledge my full backing for such an inquiry.
I am prepared to give evidence, and submit myself to cross-examination, in order to hopefully get to the full facts of what happened during the hunger strike.
It is my fervent hope that the other three republicans mentioned by the O'Hara and Devine families pledge their support also.
Richard O'Rawe
Jul 7, 2009 Comments Off on Derry Journal: You won't bury the truth
Derry Journal: You won't bury the truth
You won't bury the truth
Martina Anderson used the recent Volunteers' commemoration to make an attack on those of us who are seeking to find the truth about what actually happened on and after July 5th 1981 during the H-Block Hunger Strikes.
She accused us of exploiting the grief of the families to attack her party.
We have never used the families to attack anyone. As former Blanket men, we were only asking for answers, so how is this exploiting the families?
However, Martina seemingly oblivious to the families request to call a halt to the controversy, has no problem in continuing to go ahead and throw mud.
Therefore I feel I am fully entitled to reply to Martina's only attempt to answer any of the questions I posed in my recent letter to this paper.
Of course she, like Donncha before her, can only throw up the old anti-Republican journalists, those right wing press bogeymen, in reply to the questions posed.
I for one would like to know what lies between the right-wing press and what Martin calls 'dissident journalists' so that we are on 'safe' ground in regards the members of the press?
Martina talks about exploitation yet she and other members of her party have no problem claiming that IRA Volunteers who died for a 32 County Socialist Republic did so for what is basically a photocopy of the Sunningdale Agreement.
It might have a new name but it is no different.
That is the reason I today am totally against the use of armed struggle.
Attempts to smear those of us who resisted the beatings and everything the prison system threw at us and who watched as our ten comrades walked from the wings for the last time will no longer wash.
No amount of mud-slinging can bury the truth.
Is mise le meas,
Derry Journal: Hunger-strike – look at the facts
Hunger-strike – look at the facts
Please allow me to respond to the letters from Willie Gallagher and Dixie Elliott.
Let me start with a few facts rather the opinions, rumours and speculation that have charactarised correspondence to date.
Both Willie and Dixie will be aware that Cardinal Tomás Ó Fiach and Bishop Edward Daly were involved in protracted discussions with the British Government during 1980. When these talks ended in failure in September, Brendan Hughes announced that seven men would commence a hunger strike on 27th October 1980.
On 24th October Ó Fiach and Daly announced that they had won a major concession from the British Government: from now on all prisoners would be able to wear their own clothes. However, when the British released a press statement on the issue, they stated this would be 'civilian-type uniform'. Either the two clergymen had misinterpreted what was on offer or the British had deliberately misled them. Most republicans and nationalists believed the latter.
The key point is that you could not trust the British.
Secondly, when the first hunger strike was nearing its climax with Sean McKenna close to death, the British made an 'offer' through the Mountain Climber. Apparently, this offer amounted to three-and-a-half of the five demands, which sounds familiar. While Brendan Hughes and the other hunger strikers waited on written confirmation of exactly what was on offer, Brendan decided to end the hunger strike. Bobby Sands was cut out of the negotiations.
The proposals finally produced by the British were a rehash of the 1st December document, open to all sorts of interpretation. As we know, the British interpreted them rigidly and reportedly told Bobby Sands that they would give us a number of weeks to build up our muscles before sending us to work. Indeed, it is stated in Denis Ahearn's book that Bobby Sands wanted to immediately re-commence the Hunger Strike. It is reported that the republican leadership persuaded Bobby to 'test' the Brits' willingness to be flexible.
At Mass that Sunday I witnessed heated exchanges in the canteen between Bobby and other prisoners, notably Pat Mullan from Tyrone, who apparently wanted to start a hunger strike there and then. Brendan McFarland would have been acutely aware of the danger of a split among prisoners if a satisfactory settlement was not achieved. Again, this emphasised the danger of taking the Brits' word rather than arriving at a clear, unambiguous and negotiated settlement.
Thirdly, when the second hunger strike commenced in March 1981, it was decided that each hunger striker would be their own OC and would make their own decisions on whether to proceed to the death in the absence of a settlement. The Camp OC, Brendan McFarland, would decide whether or not we had a settlement.
These are all facts which I am sure neither Willie nor Dixie will dispute. I mention them to set the context in which any contact with, or 'offer' from, the British Government would be viewed – with caution and suspicion.
I am also aware of a 'rumour' that went around the blocks after the first four hunger strikers had died that the leadership on the outside felt that if the British withstood the pressure up to then, they would withstand further pressure and that the hunger strike should end. The prison leadership rejected this saying that to end the hunger strike at that stage would be a betrayal of our dead comrades. I don't know if this is true but I do know that there was a mood among the prisoners that we could not end the hunger strike unilaterally. It is my opinion that at that time, the end of May 1981, nothing less than the five demands would have been acceptable and anything less might have resulted in a third hunger strike.
I stated in my previous correspondence on this issue that I would have accepted concessions the ICJP claimed to have wrested from the British. Fortunately, I had the luxury of not having to make the hard decisions that people like Brendan McFarland had to take.
Finally, in relation to Bloody Sunday, the organisers of the meeting in the Gasyard Centre invited a journalist, Liam Clarke, to be part of the panel. This is the same journalist who promoted Paddy Ward, who gave evidence to the Enquiry about his one-man fight with the entire British Army on Bloody Sunday and who together with Liam Clarke tried to place the blame or part of the blame for what happened at the door of the republican leadership. In that context, I think it is relevant to what he, Liam Clarke, along with others, is trying to do now – place the blame or part of the blame for the deaths of hunger strikers at the door of the republican leadership instead of where it really lies: with the British Government.
Is mise, le meas
Donncha Mac Niallais
Sourced from Derry Journal
Jun 30, 2009 Comments Off on Families back inquiry into 1981 events
Families back inquiry into 1981 events
Derry Journal, 30 June 2009
We, the families of hunger-strikers, Patsy O'Hara and Michael Devine, support the call by former hunger-striker, Gerard Hodkins, for an independent republican inquiry into the 1981 hunger-strike.
We cannot understand why any republican would have anything to fear from such an inquiry, or why they would not support it.
The Gulladuff meeting between the Sinn Fein leadership and eight of the hunger strikers' families was very emotional, and we were not unaffected.
However, at that meeting, the Sinn Fein delegation refused our request for an independent inquiry. Why?
Jun 30, 2009 Comments Off on Oliver Hughes letter in Derry Journal
Oliver Hughes letter in Derry Journal
Propaganda on hunger-strike
See also Bobby Sands Trust: Hunger Strikers' Families Speak Out
The recent meeting between familes of the hunger-strikers and Gerry Adams was a very emotional and difficult occasion for all of us, particularly in light of the allegations coming from Richard O'Rawe and the IRSP. All of the family members who spoke, with the exception of Tony O'Hara, expressed deep anger and frustration at the ongoing allegations created by O'Rawe.
Tony O'Hara's suggestion that we should meet with Richard O'Rawe and Willie Gallagher got no support and we asked Tony to express to Richard O'Rawe and Willie Gallagher our wish for them to stop what they are doing and to give us peace of mind.
Jun 30, 2009 Comments Off on Martina Anderson 'disgusted' by hunger strike row
Martina Anderson 'disgusted' by hunger strike row
Anderson 'disgusted' by hunger strike row
Foyle Sinn Féin MLA has said she is "disgusted" by what she described as republicans exploiting the grief of the families of the hunger strikers to attack her party.
Ms Anderson made her remarks during the annual Derry Volunteers Commemoration event in the City Cemetery on Sunday.
A crowd of up to 1,000 local republicans took part in the march from the Creggan shops to the republican monument in the City Cemetery.
Her comments come amid claims by former blanketman Richard O'Rawe that the deaths of six of the hunger strikers could have been prevented after a deal, which he claims was accepted by the IRA's jail leadership was rejected by the organisation's overall leadership.
The claim has been supported by the IRSP and several former prisoners who were in Long Kesh at the time but has been flatly rejected by Sinn Féin.
The families of most of the hunger strikers, including County Derry man, Kevin Lynch, issued a statement last week calling for an end to the controversy.
Speaking at Sunday's commemoration, Ms Anderson said: "I am disgusted that so many republicans are exploiting the grief of the families to attack us.
"In doing so they have got into bed with the right wing press.
"They should be ashamed of themselves.
"If they have any honour at all they will call a halt to their shameful actions."
Memory of the dead
The Foyle MLA also said Sinn Féin are continually motivated by the memory of dead IRA volunteers and added that the current political situation could not have been achieved without their efforts.
"Today republicans are wielding unprecedented political power in Ireland.
"It is the volunteer soldiers of the IRA who made all that possible," she said.
At the commemoration, the Roll of Honour was read by Tiernan Heaney, nephew of IRA member Denis Heaney, and the Roll of Remembrance was read by Aoife McNaught of Ógra Shinn Féin. Wreaths were laid on behalf of Sinn Féin, the Republican Graves Association, Ógra Sinn Féin, and Óglaigh na h'Éireann.
The National Anthem was sung by Sara Griffin.
Jun 10, 2009 Comments Off on Derry Journal: Former Blanketman Donncha Mac Niallais
Derry Journal: Former Blanketman Donncha Mac Niallais
Apr 18, 2008 Comments Off on Derry Journal: O'Rawe and Greg Harkin
Derry Journal: O'Rawe and Greg Harkin
1981 hunger strike – an offer, a deal or what?
Published Date: 18 April 2008
Richard O'Rawe has made a number of complaints regarding the assertion by Colm Scullion in the Journal two weeks ago that no deal was made with the hunger strikers before Joe McDonnell died in July 1981.
Among other things Mr O'Rawe states the Journal should know "that Bik McFarlane, who was OC of IRA prisoners during the hunger strike, has always denied that any offer of any sort was ever made by the British at any point (see UTV Live, 1 March 2005,
in reply to question from reporter Fearghal McKinney)."
Apr 8, 2008 Comments Off on Derry Journal: 'There was no offer to end hunger strike'– ex-prisoner
Derry Journal: 'There was no offer to end hunger strike'– ex-prisoner
'There was no offer to end hunger strike'– ex-prisoner
Date: 08 April 2008
A CLAIM that the lives of six IRA Hunger Strikers including Derry men Michael Devine and Dungiven's Kevin Lynch could have been saved by a British deal has finally been dispelled.
A former blanket man from County Derry has hit out at claims in Belfast newspapers in recent weeks claiming that he was witness to a deal six weeks after the death of another Derry hunger striker Patsy O'Hara.
55 HOURS PART FOUR: WEDNESDAY 8 JULY 1981
55 HOURS PART THREE: TUESDAY 7 JULY 1981
55 HOURS PART TWO: MONDAY 6 JULY 1981
55 HOURS PART ONE: SUNDAY 5 JULY 1981
CHANNEL TIMELINE
Documentary: The Hunger Strikes
Thatcher's Offers
UPDATED: National Archives 30 Year Papers – July, 1981
Margaret Thatcher was told 'some' IRA leaders wanted violence to stop in 1981
British believed elements of IRA wanted peace in 1981
Adams rejected chance of early end to hunger strike
Provo bosses let hunger-strikers die – they know who they are and so do I
Mountain Climber Notes + Timeline
"Rusty Nail": The Smoking Gun
Mountain Climber Notes
Press Release: Unseen Documents Unveiled during Launch of Duddy Archive at NUI Galway
Richard O'Rawe speech in Chicago
Underlying Slur in Morrison's Hunger Strike Comments
How Could Brits Renege if There Was No Offer?
Did Hunger Strikers Believe Danny's Spin?
UPDATED: Danny Morrison on the end of the 1980 hunger strike
Gerry Adams: The '81 hunger strike
Forget the myths, Adams didn't trade lives for votes
The Tragedy of 1980
Adams starved hunger strikers of the truth
Read between the lines and shine Ghost Light on Gaza
"LETTER TO PRESS – EVERYONE RECOGNISES THAT, REPUBLICAN P.R.O. H-BLOCKS"
The Public and the Private
Former IRA prison leader releases O'Rawe 'comms'
Sentinel: Never-before-seen 1981 hunger strike documents disclosed
NIO documents released to Sentinel
Finding a way through a maze of missed chances
Jim Gibney: Hunger Striker Helped Others Through Toughest Times
Gerry Adams speech on Joe McDonnell: A Heroic Leader
NIO ordered to respond to Sentinel request
Deadline for NIO on Hunger Strike FOI Request: 8 March 2009
Excerpt from Adams interview with Irish News
Irish News letters page: There was no hunger strike offer
Irish News letters page: Act provides facts
Irish News letters page: Only an inquiry can solve 1981 Hunger Strike issues
Irish News letters page: The Facts of the Hunger Strike Have Already Been Established
Radio Free Eireann interviews Ruairí Ó Brádaigh
Thomas 'Dixie' Elliott: "We got nothing"
Irish News letters: Judge the hunger strikers on their own brave deeds
Bobby Sands Trust (8)
Brendan Duddy (13)
"Rusty Nail" (25)
Anthony McIntyre (14)
Brian Rowan (2)
Danny Morrison (16)
Jim Gibney (1)
Liam Clarke (4)
Dolours Price (1)
Ed Moloney (1)
Garret FitzGerald (3)
Gasyard Debate (8)
Gerry Adams (18)
ICJP (7)
Irish America (2)
Irish Government (6)
Irish News Special Issue (25)
Margaret Thatcher (11)
An Phoblacht (16)
Andersonstown News (8)
Belfast Telegraph (9)
Derry Journal (13)
Irish News (66)
Slugger O'Toole (26)
Sunday Times (3)
The Blanket (11)
The Pensive Quill (12)
Mountain Climber (15)
Sile Darragh (2)
Blanketmen (10)
Brendan 'Bik' McFarlane (11)
Brendan Hughes (4)
Colm Scullion (2)
Former Hunger Strikers (11)
Kevin McQuillan (2)
Martin McGuinness (1)
Richard O'Rawe (14)
Ruairí Ó Brádaigh (1)
Sinn Fein (6)
Ten Men Dead (4)
The British Offer from Thatcher (7)
Timelines (10)
"Rusty Nail" An Phoblacht Anthony McIntyre Back-channel Belfast Telegraph Blanketmen Bobby Sands Trust Book Reviews Brendan 'Bik' McFarlane Brendan Duddy Brendan Hughes Brian Rowan Colm Scullion Commentary Danny Morrison Denis Bradley Derry Journal Documents Families Former Hunger Strikers Gasyard Debate Gerry Adams ICJP Interviews Irish America Irish News Irish Times IRSP Kevin McQuillan Liam Clarke Margaret Thatcher Media Mountain Climber News articles Richard O'Rawe Sile Darragh Sinn Fein Slugger O'Toole Statements Sunday Times Ten Men Dead The Blanket The British Offer from Thatcher The Pensive Quill Timelines
Full index of site ordered by date
Use this link to access all contents
New to Archive
SPRING 2013: 55 HOURS
A day-by-day account of the events of early July, 1981.
The Death of Garret Fitzgerald: • Excerpt from Garret Fitzgerald's autobiography
• Irish News: Deal with British government vetoed by IRA says FitzGerald
Expanded Timeline of the Events between 29 June - 10 July: Sourced from Danny Morrison, Garret Fitzgerald, British Government documents, Ten Men Dead, Before the Dawn, Biting at the Grave, INLA Deadly Divisions, Blanketmen, Irish News, Belfast Telegraph, and eyewitness accounts.
Articles by Danny Morrison and Jim Gibney detailing a visit to Long Kesh after its closure added to archive.
Irish News: Was There a Deal? Special investigation added to archives. 28 & 29 September 2009 editions
Two articles from July 1981 have been added to the archive which show details of the ICJP settlement: British and IRA Prisoners Appear Ready To Move Toward Agreement and 5th IRA Hunger Striker Dies Before Settlement Reached
An archive for 1999 has been created with 3 articles detailing Thatcher's negotiations with the IRA during the hunger strike
The 2005 Archive has been updated with 11 new items, including book reviews, interviews with Bik McFarlane, and articles by Hugh Logue (ICJP), Richard O'Rawe and Danny Morrison. Click and scroll for more.
1. Primary Sources
July 18 1981 Document
NIO documents (Sunday Times FOI)
The July Offer from the British Government
Videoes of Gasyard, Derry, meeting
2. Commentary
3. "Rusty Nail" at Slugger O'Toole
a. O'Rawe's account confirmed: Hunger Strikers Allowed To Die (28 March 08)
b. Hunger Strike Controversy Has Not Gone Away, You Know (17 April 08)
c. O'Rawe and the Derry Journal (18 April 08)
d. 'Adams Complicit Over Hunger Strikers?' (5 April 09)
e. Did Thatcher Kill All Ten, or only 4? (7 April 09)
f. "Let's have the whole truth" (9 April 09)
g. What were the hunger strikers told? (12 April 09)
h. When in a hole… (19 May 09)
i. Upcoming Debate: "What is the Truth Behind the Hunger Strike?" (21 May 09)
j. The Truth is a Heart-breaking Thing (24 May 09)
k. 1981 Hunger Strike Truth Commission (25 May 09)
l. "I will not be attending and will not send a representative" (26 May 09)
m. "This is a huge opportunity and I feel there's a potential here to end this" (4 June 09)
n. Gerry Adams to meet Hunger Strikers Families; Inquiry Sought (13 June 09)
o. Gulladuff: More Heat Than Light (19 June 09)
p. Prolonging the Hunger Strike: The Derailing of the ICJP (17 July 09)
q. Gerry Adams and Kieran Doherty, 29 July 1981 (8 August 09)
r. 1981 Hunger Strike: A Case to Answer (28 Sept 09)
s. 1981 Hunger Strike: Deconstructing McGuinness (28 Sept 09)
4. Political Groups
IRSP 1981 Discussion forum
Republican Network for Unity
Afterlives: The Hunger Strike and the Secret Offer That Changed Irish History, by Richard O'Rawe
Before the Dawn, by Gerry Adams
Biting at the Grave: The Irish Hunger Strikes and the Politics of Despair, by Padraig O'Malley
Blanketmen: An untold story of the H-Block hunger strike by Richard O'Rawe
INLA: Deadly Divisions by Jack Holland and Henry McDonald
Ten Men Dead, David Beresford
6. Misc.
July 21 1981 Thatcher interview
The Rhythm of Time
There's an inner thing in every man,
Do you know this thing my friend?
It has withstood the blows of a million years, and will do so to the end.


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How to Earn Through WPC16
April 4, 2022 April 4, 2022 mezkit 0 Comments
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From May 2016 through May 2017, the Jefferson Library will be hosting a small exhibit in our lobby titled "Jefferson in Our Times: Popular Representations in American Fiction."
Fiction allows us to fill in the gaps in the historical record with our own theories, flesh out personalities, or imagine events had they happened differently. The Jefferson Library houses nearly three hundred works of fiction treating some aspect of Thomas Jefferson's life, times, or legacy. These books provide a rich window into people's perceptions of and feelings about Jefferson, and also highlight broader trends in how we view our history.
Click on the links below to explore the different sections of the exhibit.
Other Titles - The exhibit also features several shelves full of miscellaneous fiction titles which were not singled out for specific treatment, but which patrons may also find interesting.


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Home Sports Baseball Trade Deadline Inactivity Gets an "I" for Incomplete
Trade Deadline Inactivity Gets an "I" for Incomplete
Jason Linden
The trade deadline has come and gone. The Reds made one trade, sending Adam Duvall to the Braves for a handful of lottery tickets—but that was it. Amazingly, Matt Harvey is still a Red, as are Scooter Gennett, Raisel Iglesias, and Billy Hamilton. Sure, there's still the waiver deadline at the end of August, but that's unlikely to make much of a difference.
"And so what?" you may ask. All of those players, with the exception of Hamilton (who at least is still exciting to watch), are having very nice seasons. Odds are the Reds will win more games over the remainder of the season having them on the roster than they would having whatever prospects they'd have gotten in exchange.
But no Reds fan should worry about the last two months of this season. Barring divine intervention, the Reds aren't making the playoffs. Their wretched start eliminated that possibility. The baseball they've played since then has been so much better, however, that there's hope they might compete for a playoff spot next year. Let's look at the one move they did make and the several they didn't make, and see what it all means for next season.
Adam Duvall to the Braves
This is a good move, not because of what they got back but because it shows (as Dick Williams said) that the Reds are committing to Schebler and Winker in the outfield next year. Both of those guys can really hit, and Duvall seems to have forgotten how—over the last calendar year, he has an OPS of .673. For comparison, Jose Peraza, who plays the most important defensive position besides catcher, has a .707 OPS over that same time span. It was time to move on from Duvall, and the Reds made the right call in doing so. This was a good move.
Billy Hamilton to No One
I am neutral on this. Hamilton, we have to assume, is never going to hit. He provides value in other ways, but that value doesn't compensate entirely for the poor bat. That said, the Reds don't have anyone at the moment who can take over centerfield without being at least a little bit of a defensive liability. This could change rapidly, and Schebler has shown himself to be solid if unspectacular in center. The Reds, at least, have seemed willing to reduce Hamilton's playing time, so we can be reasonably confident that when a good option makes itself apparent, they will make the necessary change.
Scooter Gennett to No One
Scooter is, understandably very popular in Cincinnati. He's a hometown kid, and he's been excellent for two seasons. The problem, as we all know, is that the Reds have the following players in their system: Nick Senzel, Dilson Herrera, Shed Long, and Alex Blandino, all of whom are better defensively than Gennett. Further, Senzel (and possibly Herrera) is likely to be at least his equal with the bat. Hand-wring all you want about the vertigo, but it's no bigger risk than Scooter approaching the wrong side of his peak.
What it comes down to really is that both Gennett and Senzel need to be everyday players in the majors next year, and the Reds don't seem to have room for them. My hope is that Gennett's shoulder heals up this winter and he's moved to the outfield, allowing Senzel to take over the more defensively important position of second base. There's room here for the Reds to figure this out, but hanging on to Gennett means they're still blocking the No. 4 prospect in all of baseball. This is a problem they need to address.
Raisel Iglesias to No One
I have zero problem with this non-trade. I believe, quite firmly, that the Reds can compete next year and also believe the only piece they really need is a front-end starting pitcher. Iglesias wasn't going to bring that in return, so holding on to him seems reasonable.
Matt Harvey to No One
This is the most inexplicable thing. Harvey has been solid for the Reds, and there seems like at least a chance he could turn back into something like his old self. But he's about to be a free agent. He's also currently blocking both Robert Stephenson, who is destroying triple-A, and Sal Romano, both of whom should be getting starts ahead of Harvey. The only circumstance where it makes sense not to trade him is one where the Reds somehow manage to sign Harvey to a team-friendly contract with incentives or something like that. Otherwise, they should immediately put him on waivers and let any team who claims him take him.
It's nothing against Matt Harvey—who seems to have worked very hard and been an excellent presence on the team—but I'm worried about next year. Not a handful of starts this season that should go to other pitchers.
The best grade I can give the Reds for the trade deadline is an "I" for incomplete. They didn't do what they needed to do, and it looks bad. They have a chance to get it together still, but I'm not optimistic. It's time for the rebuild to be over, and it's time for the Reds to make it clear which players they're committing to.
Jason Linden is a contributor to Nuxhall Way, Redleg Nation, and The Hardball Times. You can follow him on Twitter at @JasonLinden.
Scooter Gennett
Raisel Iglesias
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French advertising postcards (I'll drink to that)
With our flat only steps away from the Garden of the Champs Elysées near Avenue Gabriel, it was inevitable that we would meet. How could I resist colour so wonderfully lurid in a science-fiction/absinthe sort of way? My eyes didn't know which curve to follow in this 1930s futuristic vision of a streamlined locomotive.
The front of the card reads:
24 views of the future
Number 12. The express train of the 21st century, a completely streamlined locomotive.
(What were the other 23 visions of the future? Can anyone help me here?)
One the back of the card, one word jumped out from the others.
Byrrh was new to us. Finding out about it was the start of a voyage of discovery. At the postcard market, I had stumbled upon a French classic, a card designed to advertise a wine-based aperitif trademarked in 1873. Founded by the brothers Pallade and Simon Violet, the company is still producing Byrrh in Thuir near Perpignan in the Pyrenées-Orientales.
The late 1890s were the heyday of alcohol-based health products, patent medicines, restoratives, and tonics of all sorts. Byrrh started as a health drink sold at pharmacies, but came into its own as a red-wine-and-quinine-based aperitif. The name Byrrh is now associated with an astounding legacy of compelling advertising art.
Byrrh was so successful that when the company needed its own railway depot, Messrs. Violet Frères called on none other than Gustave Eiffel's engineering firm for the design. The stunning depot still stands, but is no longer used for trains. Nonetheless the company, now part of Pernod Ricard S.A., thrives and hosts approximately 60,000 visitors per year. One day, Philippa and I will be part of that number.
But taste is what counts. After finding the postcard and reading about a "ghost sign" for Byrrh on one of our favourite Paris blogs, Invisible Paris, we decided we needed to carry out our own taste test. We tracked down a bottle (a dusty one, which had clearly been on the shelf for some time) in the Monoprix on the Champs Elysées.
We came home and poured it out into small glasses. After some experimentation, we discovered that we preferred it chilled with ice and a slice of lemon. It also seemed to taste best when consumed sitting in the open air on the balcony. In the name of scientific gustatory accuracy, we can report that subsequent tests (with minor variations) yielded identical results.
Alas, we cannot buy Byrrh in Ontario from our government-run monopoly (the Liquor Control Board of Ontario). So we now have one more reason to go back to Paris.
But I should return to the postcard. There is more to it than the drink it advertises.
The arresting image on the front was in the spirit of the streamlined locomotives designed by Henry Dreyfuss and French-born American industrial designer Raymond Loewy. Curiously, the unstreamlined dual headlights, which seem distinctly automotive, reminded me of the bug-eyed Austin Healey Sprites of the late 1950s.
In its own way, the back of the card is as interesting as the front.
In the 1930s and 1940s, aerodynamic design was all the rage. Byrrh built on this interest with a fine piece of non-technical writing on the importance of aerodynamics and streamlining. The text points out (and I translate) that "at a speed of 80 to 90 kilometres per hour [48 to 54 mph]," two-thirds of the fuel burned in the engine of a modern vehicle is used to "fight air resistance and the last third of fuel is all that is needed to keep it rolling." It adds that aerodynamic applications include not just planes and cars, but also transatlantic ships such as the Normandie and locomotives such as the French state railway system's Pacific locomotive. After the Pacific had been given what then passed for a streamlined cladding, it "used 100 horsepower less at 120 kilometres per hour."
The card explains that reducing air resistance "translates into an important savings in the cost of coal, which is going to inspire a transformation in the exterior of locomotives so that in the near future, they will have a new look such as that our image has tried to show." This radical transformation of high-speed locomotives certainly came to pass.
The Pacific locomotive, known as Pacific 231,* although it looked nothing like the vision on the card, was apparently legendary in its day. Indeed, in 1923 a young French-born composer of Swiss parentage gave the locomotive a rare honour: a permanent home in musical history. Arthur Honegger (1892-1955) loved locomotives with a passion. "For me, they are living creatures and I love them as others love women or horses." He expressed his love in his Symphonic Movement No. 1, more commonly known as "Pacific 231." It was meant to evoke the feelings, sound and movement of steam locomotives.
You can hear the music and see the locomotive in an award-winning film on YouTube. In 1949 French filmmaker Jean Mitry won the Prix du Festival at Cannes for his Pacific 231, a short cinematographic essay (rather than a documentary) in which Honneger's music accompanies evocative shots of a Pacific 231 journey. Take a look; it is almost hypnotic.
As for the ocean liner mentioned on the card, I had heard of the SS Normandie, which set out on its maiden voyage on 29 May 1935. However, I had always regarded it as an example of luxury travel and was surprised to learn it was a leader in energy efficiency. The novel hull designed by Vladimir Yourkevitch needed far less power—and fuel—than other massive liners travelling at the same speed.
To get back to the card behind these wanderings, the ultimate message is that even though "everything changes, everything progresses," if we already have perfection, we need not change. The manufacturers hasten to assure us that "BYRRH alone cannot get better, for this tonic wine with quinquina is perfect."
It is a brilliant piece of advertising image and copy. It starts with a strong contemporary interest—streamlining—gives the reader good information, and follows through with the message: Byrrh is beyond the need for change.
And so I sit at my desk in Toronto and reflect on a postcard from an outdoor market, a 19th-century drink, and a 20th-century ship and locomotive. How curious. But perhaps I should also reflect on Paris itself, where these things seem to happen to me. I tend to notice details, which become richer upon reflection, making one reflect on what one already knows and inspiring one to learn more.
My French is still abysmal, I seem to be lost half the time, I misunderstand much of what I am told or hear, and yet I love it. For me, Paris offers a confusing richness that is half destination and half starting point.
Oh and by the way, did anyone notice the fleeting appearance of a Byrrh poster in Woody Allen's Midnight in Paris?
Text by Norman Ball
*From my train-loving industrial designer friend Ken I learned that the 231 referred to the number and purpose of the axles on the locomotive. He writes "starting from the front, there are two axles in the guide truck, the subassembly that helps guide the locomotive into curves. Then the 3 axles for the 3 sets of driving wheels; they're almost always pretty big. Following that, the Pacific type has a single trailing truck (one axle) that helps hold up the back end." Each axle has two wheels, and in the American system, which counts wheels rather than axles, the European Pacific 231 becomes the Pacific 462. Train buffs will appreciate a video clip showing the members of l'Association Pacific Vapeur Club, who lovingly maintain and operate a Pacific 231.
This entry was posted in Paris film, Paris food, Paris popular culture, Paris postcards and tagged Arthur Honegger, Byrrh, Gustave Eiffel, Jean Mitry, Midnight in Paris, Pacific 231, Paris postcards, Pernod Ricard, SS Normandie, streamlining, Thuir, Woody Allen. Bookmark the permalink.
3 Responses to French advertising postcards (I'll drink to that)
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Phil Beard says:
Another brilliant post and many thanks for the link to the Jean Mitry film – a superb montage of image and music. As for Byrrh, it used to be ubiquitous, often seen in vintage postcards of street scenes and on ghost signs – I saw one in Vannes not long ago.
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