BARCELONA, Spain — Much of the artificial intelligence talk at Mobile World Congress is at the device level — services based on voice recognition, in particular. But AI has a role deeper in the infrastructure, of course, and Ericsson touched on that to kick off the conference Monday morning.
In Ericsson's traditional MWC opener for press and analysts, Ericsson CEO Börje Ekholm understandably focused on 5G. But AI and machine learning were the second topic of his overview, an indication of how deeply Ericsson expects these technologies to change the network.
Ericsson isn't the only one seeing this, of course. Nokia is in the process of acquiring Deepfield, a deep learning startup, to help with traffic flows in software-defined networking (SDN).
Ericsson is looking toward artificial intelligence to redefine the way services are delivered, Ekholm said.
An easy-to-understand example of this would be automation. Ekholm rattled off a few stats: In North America, the time to build new network sites has been cut in half; in Indonesia, 70 percent of priority incidents coming in to the customer help desk were resolved pre-emptively.
Able to suggest actions to humans: "That's when the network starts to suggest outcome-based scenarios: 'I know what you would like to happen,'" Ekholm said.
True intelligence, "where machines actually can see cause-and-effect and proactively solve issues before the subscriber even knows of them," Ekholm said. At this point, the network is taking care of itself (leaving the role of humans unclear, at least when it comes to day-to-day operations).
Ekholm's talk was light on technological detail, so it's unclear what timeframe Ericsson envisions for these stages. He also didn't mention where the technology will come from. Ericsson hasn't spoken about artificial intelligence much, so while it's likely the company has some AI R&D in the works, it's also possible Ericsson will rely on partners to help bring these ideas to reality.


Time permitting, I will be adding matchbox covers/labels of hotels, bars, restaurants, places of entertainment, airlines, etc that have been collected from the 1960s. The collection captures the establishments that were around at the time, the Wanchai and Tsim Sha Tsui bar scene and more importantly provides an insight into a long lost era. Former hotel, nightclub and bar scene as mentioned here Enjoy!
Permalink Submitted by maidestone on Sat, 2019-01-26 02:05.
Looking forward eagerly to see your collection! 1960s-1970s was a very unique period.


Nigerian media personality, Toke Makinwa has dished out a message to her haters.
The author shared a teaser of her popular blog series, Toke Moments, coming hard on those who invalidate her success by saying she is making money from men.
World people be like…… I'm wilding on this week's episode of Toke Moments, 🤣🤣🤣🤣 all jokes aside though, I'm tired of the "she must be sleeping around to get ahead narrative, it's getting boring now. Is it your sleep around? Is it ya body???? Her body count is high, is it ya high?????? Drink water and chill abeg 🤣🤣🤣🤣 I told a friend of mine the other day "stunt on them cos if the tables were turned they will ball on you too". Have a laugh today guys, don't tight your chest too much, relax those muscles 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣 life is short, keep giving them hell 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣 they will be alright.


First there were those devastatingly dark TV portraits, then the well-publicized David Frost interviews for which he received $600,000 according to Tim Weiner, plus an additional $2 million for his ghosted memoirs. Rick Cleveland's well-received new play, "Five Presidents," has our five living ex-Presidents gathering in Yorba Linda for his funeral. Gerald Ford arrives early at the Presidential Library and Museum and finds himself staring at a photo of Nixon. He then asks a Secret Service agent not to leave. "I'm not sure I want to be left alone with him," says the accidental President who saved Nixon from time in Leavenworth.
Tim Weiner, whose superb book about the CIA, "Legacy of Ashes," won a National Book Award, is now out with "One Man Against the World," a credible, dramatic, original and devastating portrayal of Richard Nixon and his closest aides. Unlike previous Nixon books it is based on tens of thousands of recently released documents, among them the priceless Haldeman diaries, Nixon's federal grand jury testimony, diaries, oral histories galore and the papers of eyewitnesses. They include those celebrated White House tapes, among them the notorious "eighteen-and-a-half-minute gap," which Weiner speculates were intentionally deleted, because "only the president or a close aide" could have been involved.
Weiner's critical approach is relentless, somewhat reminiscent of Seymour Hersh's unforgiving portrait of Henry Kissinger in "The Price of Power." He says Nixon had few friends—someone once joked that his best friend was his ever-present yellow legal pad. One problem with Weiner's all-or-nothing approach is his failure to credit Nixon's first term's achievements, such as establishing the Environmental Protective Agency, signing Title IX, sending crucial military aid to Israel during the 1973 war, and ending the universally-despised draft.
Weiner, however, does allow that Nixon longed to be a man of peace, a notion perhaps inherited from his mother's Quaker faith. During his campaign for the presidency in 1968 he took the high road, saying he wanted to end the war. Leading political commentators then began writing about the appearance of yet another New Nixon supplanting the Old tainted, red-baiting, duplicitous one. The New Nixon was so persuasive that it convinced Walter Lippman and Joseph Kraft to vote for him in 1968. On Election Night, the victorious Nixon announced that the "great objective of the Administration at the outset [is] to bring the American people together." Indeed, his first inaugural address in 1969 sounded almost Lincolnian and more and more Americans, increasingly weary of the war, draft calls and casualty lists, preferred hoping that the tumultuous sixties were drawing to a close. But the trouble was that if Nixon thought of himself as a global magician capable of bringing "peace with honor" it could only be on his convoluted terms.
When he entered the White House the country was still bitterly separated by class, race, and Vietnam. He made no effort to heal the divides because he had never been a healer or unifier but was instead possessed by a desperate need to win at all costs. To achieve his unspecific "peace" plan there was no New Nixon. The old one, filled with bottomless resentment against the Washington elite, eastern liberals, the national media, especially Katherine Graham's Washington Post, and his contempt for Blacks and Jews, could not let him rest.
Other than acting as a Vietnam War cheerleader, it was LBJ's war until 1969, when it became Nixon's war, which would eventually bring him to Watergate. In that same year, a prescient Jonathan Schell, who was never convinced there was a New Nixon, diagnosed the new administration as suffering from "rage, isolation, secretiveness, and a proclivity for repressive action," which sounded an awful lot like the Old Nixon.
John Mitchell was the Wall Street municipal bonds specialist turned Attorney General who dearly loved his disturbed and alcoholic wife who had gone public about what John and the White House crew were up to. Mitchell, writes Weiner, was "disengaged, drinking, running the Justice Department, [and] dreading the campaign to come" which ultimately ruined him.
Spiro Agnew was another Nixonian dirty trickster waging verbal war against the antiwar movement. But the VP was also a cheap crook mooching bribes from people doing business with Maryland and Washington. Somehow he avoided a prison sentence.
Then there was John Dean, Nixon's legal counsel. His conversation with Nixon on March 21, 1973, "remains"–writes Weiner—"the most remarkable tape Richard Nixon ever recorded." "We have a cancer within, close to the presidency" Dean tells him, then mentioning that the "Plumbers" were demanding lots of money for their silence. The ever-faithful Mitchell was dispatched by Nixon to solicit hush money.
Dean tells Nixon that his "cancer" problem arose "with an instruction to me from Bob Haldeman to see if we couldn't set up a perfectly legitimate campaign intelligence operation over at the Re-Election Committee… I came up with Gordon Liddy…. I was aware of the fact that he had done some extremely sensitive things for the White House…going out into Ellsberg's doctor's office." "0h yeah," said Nixon, because Erlichman had told him about the burglary.
By 1973, Nixon was sinking into despair and depression. As a result, writes Weiner, "Kissinger gained an imperial power over foreign policy and Alexander Haig behaved like the acting president of the U. S." writes Weiner. "In the absence of a functioning President," five men—Kissinger, Haig, Admiral Thomas Moorer of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,Haldeman and Erlichman were confronted by potentially serious difficulties with the Soviets and from the Yom Kippur War.
To the inevitable analysis why so ambitious, shrewd, opportunistic and talented a politician as Nixon behaved as he did, especially during his doomed second term, we will eventually need a comprehensive psychiatric treatise.
Weiner's indispensable book means, as the cliché goes, the more things change the more they remain the same.
The elite will keep their kids out of a draft and the rest of us won't be able to, just like before. No thanks.
Draft=Slavery and the ends don't justify the means.
If the book is as sophomoric as the review- I'll take a pass. Thanks.
A veces la población no piensa que el turismo existe una remedio más segura de hacer que hacemos más saludable. Tengo una idea con el fin de aquellos sobre ustedes en comparación a pueden haber sido cansado con las actividades sobre la vida cotidiana en comparación a es mediante la lectura de puntos relacionados cuidadosamente la información de viaje en comparación a escribí y o titulado quizá si tiene más asimismo se puede escuchar a los puntos más atractivos que titulé Espero que lo que doy a través de estos comentarios pueden dar un valor positivo y valor para usted todo.


As a pain remedy, natural content usually isn't expected. Heal And Soothe looks to change that concept. Utilizing the body's physical system, Heal And Soothe employs enzymes naturally present in the body to help the body heal itself. From conception to reality, we look into what Heal And Soothe contain and how it works.
The story begins with Dr. Max Wolfe. What the doctor wanted to discover was the aging process in connection to pain. In this research, he was able to find that younger patients have more of the proteolytic enzymes, of which older patients lack. These healing enzymes are said to reduce swelling, thus assisting in the healing process.
Contained in the Heal And Soothe are the above mentioned Proteolytic Enzymes, with the addition of bromelain (of which is included in pineapple), turmeric extract, Boswellia extract, Rutin (an antioxidant). Additionally, Mojave Yucca Root (also an antioxidant, but with anti-inflammatory properties), ginger extract, devil's claw (a natural painkiller and reduction in inflammation), and Citrus Bioflavonoids (also known as L-glutathione for maintaining health) are contents of this product. Simply put, Heal And Soothe get these Mother Nature's Natural Painkillers against your pain.
As a whole, these ingredients in Heal And Soothe have been tested scientifically for their effects. What is more, this holistic approach to pain relief looks to work with the underlying causes of discomfort. All of these contents can be checked for their efficiency in Scientific research and their effects on placebo groups.
With that said, the only way to know if something works is to try it out. Holistic approaches are come and go and understanding the ingredients can be essential to that thought process. Furthermore, if you are on any other medicines, it should be noted that interactions may happen. As many are aware of, any new approach to the healing process should be discussed with your doctor, even if it is holistic. Read This Article for more information on how to get your bottle of Heal And Soothe.
The main problem with prescription drugs is that they only offer relief. They are designed to disguise pain, to dull it out. Dosages match the level of pain you experience and can be habit forming. Heal n Soothe is made of natural ingredients, bereft of side-effects, and complimenting to the body. Makers of Heal-n-Soothe; LivingWell Nutraceuticals are firm believers that Mother Nature provides the best ingredients, and fortunately, more vitamin and nutraceutical companies are coming around to this way of thinking.
Like many supplements Heal n Soothe focuses on aiding processes already within the body. For Heal n Soothe that process comes at the tail end of injury.
When a person hurts themselves the first responders are the white blood cells. They inadvertently cause swelling when they bond with the injured tissue. The swelling facilitates healing but eventually the tissue is repaired. This is where proteolytic enzymes come in. Proteolytic enzymes are in charge of clean up. They reduce swelling and inflammation, so the tissue can heal. These enzymes are the ones that switch off pain. Age cause the production of such enzymes to slack, which is why as we get older it takes longer to heal. Heal n Soothe contain proteolytic enzymes and replenishes the body. The enzymes go to the core of the problem and promote healing.
Heal n Soothe also contains twelve others naturally occurring ingredients that not only promote healing but serve as anti-inflammatories. The ingredients also prevent the forming of blood clots, reducing the chances of cardiovascular disease or stroke. Refer to This Article for additional information.
The suffering of the chronic pain has become daily struggles for most people. It's usually a sign of showing that your body is not in its proper form and most people are known to mask the pain without understanding its underlying problem. The persistence and discomfort caused by back pain are relieved using medication and the Heal and Soothe offers the perfect traditional treatment for reducing pain in natural ways.
The Heal and Soothe supplements have essential systemic enzymes that are apoptogenic. Makers of Heal-n-Soothe; Living Well Nutraceuticals are firm believers that Mother Nature provides the best ingredients, and fortunately, more vitamin and nutraceutical companies are coming around to this way of thinking.
The Heal and Soothe manufacturers ensure their clients get access to their nutritional product information and the formula content. Its rich in ingredients that reduce pain and inflammation and the formulation are scientifically proven by clinical studies and also traditional use for years. The ingredients are combined to work in a synergistically manner of without causing any harmful side effects or danger to the body.
The Heal and Soothe supplement doesn't have any animal product, and each of its ingredients contains a high level of efficient natural ability. According to studies the systemic proteolytic enzymes found in various natural plants helps in proving beneficial impacts to the whole body.
Systemic Proteolytic Enzymes substances circulate through the entire body system fighting inflammation and breaking down of the scar tissues. Additionally, the natural enzymes main function in the body is a cleansing of the blood, improving the performances for the respiratory and cardiovascular process and enhancing of the body immune systems.
The Heal and Soothe contains the Vitamin E tocopherol type that is known as fat-soluble antioxidants that helps in preventing harmful free radicals from entering and damaging the tissues. Adding active enzymes in the body makes it more functional and robust in fighting against damaged body tissues that cause pain and inflammations and also thinning of blood hence having a stronger defense in the body.


The discussion started with "My new tree-stand works really well." I found myself with a group of mountainmen that enjoy spending time in Penn's Woods far above its earthen floor. New hunting licenses were just purchased. When the archery stamp was adhered to the back-tag, it moved fall a little closer in time. A mountainman doesn't need a reason to talk about the out-of-doors, only a few others to share it with. The discussion ensued or should I say the stories began.
Bob had purchased a new tree-stand a year ago. It was of the climbing variety and this was a first for him. His previous experience was with permanent stands that required a lot of work as well as a lot of permission to build. Now he had the feeling of freedom to move the stand wherever he needed it to be. He still needed to ask permission because the Penn's Woods he hunted belonged to someone else, but it became easier.
Before the season opener last year, Bob did his usual early scouting during the month before the season opener. A week before the start of the season Bob found an area that supported two bucks that caught his fancy. He found a tree along one of the trails without limbs to the height he needed to be and he tried out his new stand. The first time heading toward the heavens took a little longer than expected, but after a few tries he got good at climbing.
The first day of the season finally arrived. He found himself up in the air well before daylight. When the morning dawned, he was very pleased with his perch. Thirty minutes into daylight he saw movement to the north. As it got closer it turned out to be a large doe. It walked right under his new stand and continued on. The next hour passed. A few more doe walked by. By this point Bob was wondering where the bucks that he had seen earlier might be. A few minutes later he saw a set of antlers following the same trail as the first doe he had seen. He got ready and watched as the buck came closer. Then all of a sudden the buck changed direction and headed west up the hill. During the next few hours a couple more deer came from the north and followed the same trail as the buck.
When lunchtime came Bob headed for the ground. He wasn't discouraged as he pondered the morning activities. He ate his lunch on the ground. Then an hour later picked up his new tree stand and moved 40 yards to the west to another tree that he had been looking at earlier. Fifteen minutes later he was again perched high above the earthen floor. He was pretty lonely for the next few hours except for a gray that came down from the top of his tree to see his new tree stand.
As the sun started to head toward the west, Bob saw movement from the west. Two deer were moving toward his location. As they got closer, he could see their bald heads. They passed about 20 yards out. Another 30 minutes passed and he saw movement again from the west. This time he could see the sun reflecting off a set of antlers. It wasn't the buck he had seen earlier. This one had a rack that was higher and had two more points. Needless to say Bob's blood pressure was elevated.
As the buck slowly moved its way toward his position, Bob's mind raced. He was trying to figure out which trail it would take so he could position himself with the least amount of movement. Then all at once the buck stopped. When it did Bob's blood pressure went even higher. He could see all nine of the points on this buck that he had never seen before in this area. The buck started to move again and it was coming toward him. Then it stopped behind a large tree. At that point Bob positioned himself and went into full draw. He waited and waited. Just when he thought he couldn't wait any longer, the buck moved forward. Bob touched the trigger on his release and the arrow hit its mark. The buck took off down the hill and out of sight.
Fifteen minutes later Bob headed for the ground still shaking. Once on the ground he nocked another arrow and headed down the hill. Twenty yards later he saw the buck lying motionless. He walked over and checked out the spread, filled out the tag and field-dressed the buck. With a smile on his face, he headed for his truck.
The two hundred seventy-fifth qualification - flexibility.


text:
Q: Text box change text on submit When the user hits submit, it will show a different text in the box based on user input. For example: "www.link.com/page".
Here is the HTML:
<form method="post" action="">
<textarea name="comments" cols="25" rows="5">
page
</textarea>

<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>

A: Try this (if this is what you are trying to do) :
<input type="text" id="txtInput" value="" />
<input type="button" value="Submit" onclick="    javascript: document.getElementById('comments').value = document.getElementById('txtInput').value;" />

<textarea name="comments" id="comments" cols="25" rows="5">
    page
</textarea>

If you are trying to do something else, please provide more details. :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


90' - Second Half ended - Villarreal 0, Girona 2.
90' - Thats all. Game finished - Villarreal 0, Girona 2.
90'+2' - Missed chance. Manu Trigueros - Villarreal - shot with right foot from outside the box goes high from a free kick.
90'+1' - Rodri - Villarreal - won a free kick in attack.
90' - Offside - Girona. Jonás Ramalho with a pass, however Portu is in offside.
89' - Borja García - Girona - won a free kick in attack.
88' - Missed chance. Roger Martínez - Villarreal - shot with left foot from a diffucult position on the left is close, but missed to the left .
87' - Roger Martínez - Villarreal - won a free kick on the left wing.
86' - Roberto Soriano - Villarreal - won a free kick in defence.
85' - Anthony Lozano - Girona - won a free kick in defence.
83' - Pablo Maffeo - Girona - won a free kick on the right wing.
83' - Missed chance. Jaume Costa - Villarreal - shot with left foot from outside the box goes high.
82' - Álvaro González - Villarreal - won a free kick in attack.
82' - Missed chance. Johan Mojica - Girona - shot with left foot from outside the box goes high. Assist - Álex Granell after corner.
81' - Corner - Girona. Conceded by Álvaro González.
81' - Shot blocked. Anthony Lozano - Girona - shot with right foot from the right side of the six yard box is blocked. Assist - Portu.
80' - GOAL!!! Villarreal 0, Girona 2. Anthony Lozano - Girona - shot with right foot from outside the box to the top right corner. Assist - Portu following a fast break.
79' - Shot blocked. Roger Martínez - Villarreal - shot with right foot from outside the box is blocked. Assist - Jaume Costa with a head.
79' - Substitution - Villarreal. Roger Martínez for Pablo Fornals.
78' - Offside - Girona. Aleix García with a pass, however Portu is in offside.
77' - Mario Gaspar - Villarreal - won a free kick in defence.
72' - Missed chance. Mario Gaspar - Villarreal - shot with the head from the right side of the box missed. Assist - Manu Trigueros with a cross after corner.
72' - Corner - Villarreal. Conceded by Aleix García.
71' - Substitution - Girona. Anthony Lozano for Cristhian Stuani.
70' - Portu - Girona - won a free kick in defence.
69' - Offside - Villarreal. Roberto Soriano with a pass, however Mario Gaspar is in offside.
69' - Corner - Villarreal. Conceded by Bono.
69' - New attacking attempt. Roberto Soriano - Villarreal - shot with right foot from outside the box is saved in the right corner. Assist - Rodri.
63' - Substitution - Girona. Aleix García for Pere Pons.
62' - Pere Pons - Girona - won a free kick in attack.
61' - Mario Gaspar - Villarreal - receive yellow card.
61' - Corner - Girona. Conceded by Jaume Costa.
60' - Sergio Asenjo - Villarreal - won a free kick in defence.
59' - Substitution - Villarreal. Roberto Soriano for Samu Castillejo.
59' - Cristhian Stuani - Girona - won a free kick in defence.
58' - New attacking attempt. Rodri - Villarreal - shot with the head from the centre of the box is saved by goalkeeper in the centre of the goal.
58' - New attacking attempt. Carlos Bacca - Villarreal - shot with left foot from a diffucult position on the left is saved by goalkeeper in the centre of the goal. Assist - Álvaro González with a head.
57' - Corner - Villarreal. Conceded by Jonás Ramalho.
54' - Offside - Villarreal. Rodri with a pass, however Enes Ünal is in offside.
53' - Corner - Villarreal. Conceded by Bono.
53' - New attacking attempt. Pablo Fornals - Villarreal - shot with left foot from a diffucult position on the left is saved in the left corner. Assist - Jaume Costa.
52' - Missed chance. Enes Ünal - Villarreal - shot with left foot from the right side of the box missed.
49' - Shot blocked. Mario Gaspar - Villarreal - shot with right foot from outside the box is blocked. Assist - Carlos Bacca.
49' - Manu Trigueros - Villarreal - won a free kick on the left wing.
49' - Borja García - Girona - won a free kick in defence.
47' - Daniele Bonera - Villarreal - won a free kick on the right wing.
45' - Substitution - Villarreal. Enes Ünal for Raba.
45' - Second Half starts Villarreal 0, Girona 1.
45' - First Half ended - Villarreal 0, Girona 1.
45'+2' - Cristhian Stuani - Girona - won a free kick in attack.
45'+1' - Raba - Villarreal - won a free kick on the right wing.
45'+1' - Borja García - Girona - won a free kick in defence.
45' - Raba - Villarreal - won a free kick in defence.
43' - Missed chance. Carlos Bacca - Villarreal - shot with the head from the centre of the box goes high. Assist - Manu Trigueros with a cross .
42' - Álex Granell - Girona - receive yellow card.
42' - Raba - Villarreal - won a free kick on the left wing.
40' - Rodri - Villarreal - won a free kick in defence.
39' - Daniele Bonera - Villarreal - receive yellow card for a foul.
39' - Portu - Girona - won a free kick in attack.
38' - Offside - Girona. Jonás Ramalho with a pass, however Portu is in offside.
37' - Álex Granell - Girona - won a free kick on the left wing.
34' - Jaume Costa - Villarreal - receive yellow card for a foul.
33' - Portu - Girona - won a free kick on the right wing.
32' - Rodri - Villarreal - won a free kick in defence.
29' - Samu Castillejo - Villarreal - won a free kick in defence.
25' - Substitution - Girona. Johan Mojica for Carles Planas - injury.
24' - Corner - Villarreal. Conceded by Pablo Maffeo.
22' - Delay in match Carles Planas - Girona - - injury.
20' - Cristhian Stuani - Girona - won a free kick in attack.
18' - Missed chance. Álvaro González - Villarreal - shot with the head from the centre of the box goes high. Assist - Samu Castillejo with a cross after corner.
18' - Corner - Villarreal. Conceded by Pere Pons.
17' - Mario Gaspar - Villarreal - won a free kick in defence.
16' - GOAL!!! Villarreal 0, Girona 1. Cristhian Stuani - Girona - shot with the head from the centre of the box to the top left corner. Assist - Borja García.
13' - Manu Trigueros - Villarreal - won a free kick in attack.
11' - Álvaro González - Villarreal - won a free kick in defence.
11' - Manu Trigueros - Villarreal - won a free kick in attack.
4' - Offside - Villarreal. Pablo Fornals with a pass, however Raba is in offside.
2' - Raba - Villarreal - receive yellow card for a foul.
2' - Pablo Maffeo - Girona - won a free kick in defence.
1' - Corner - Villarreal. Conceded by Carles Planas.


text:
Parents barred from homeschooling son
@thelocalsweden
Photo: Charlie Neibergall/AP/Scanpix (file)
The parents of a student in a northeastern Gothenburg suburb may no longer homeschool the child, the Supreme Administrative Court (Regeringsrätten) ruled on Thursday.
In its ruling, the court pointed out that the parents refused to cooperate in an investigation. They have homeschooled their son until the fifth grade, during which time he has passed national examinations.
The municipality and county administrative court have previously ruled that parents are unable to provide special skills, training in group work or allow the undertaking of scientific experiments that require specialised equipment. The court added it will not give leave to appeal the decision.
According to a February county court filing, since 2004, the couple has homeschooled their son, born in 1997. They asked for permission to continue homeschooling in the 2009 to 2010 academic year for the sixth grade.
The children and youth committee of Partille northeast of Gothenburg rejected their application. The committee believed that the education their son was receiving at home could be seen as a viable alternative to the education he could get at school.
The couple appealed the decision, pointing out that their son had passed national examinations and pleaded to continue his education at home despite the lack of special circumstances justifying the need to continue homeschooling.
"The committee has not challenged [the child's] knowledge and his ability to benefit from instruction," the ruling said. "[He] also has very good social development. Through the family's large circle of friends, he has many opportunities to meet both adults and his peers in different situations."
It added that in his spare time, the boy was active in sports and had contact with other adults and children, emphasising that he had social training comparable to that found in school and that it had no objection to his development.
However, the court refused to overturn its decision and the court maintained its position, deferring to the law, which requires school-aged children fulfill compulsory school attendance. One concern is the ability of parents to provide instruction in certain specialised courses.
The parents continued to instruct the child at home in the autumn of 2009 without authorisation. In response to concerns that they were not trained to teach the child at home, the parents pointed out that the mother has post-secondary training as a social educator.
In the end, the court believes that given that the child will soon begin high school, the higher demands on the parents' knowledge, particularly with equipment required to teach certain subjects, is better provided by subject teachers with special training.
"Although [the mother] has some teaching training, there is reason to question she and [the father] continue to have the ability to provide adequate teaching to [their son]," the court wrote.
The court also ruled that the child's social development was also important at this stage and that he be given the opportunity for social interaction in a school setting, concluding that homeschooling cannot be considered a good alterative to regular education at an elementary school.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Shipping within the U.S. is FREE on all orders over $100. Your order will ship the next business day. This is shipped via Economy Class and can take 4-7 days on the average though not a guarantee. You also have the option to upgrade to Priority (2-3 days) for $7.95 as well as UPS ground and Express. All options with pricing will be quoted at check out.
FREE standard shipping is now available for all orders to Canada over $125. DHL Shipping starts at $14.95. There is no guaranteed transit time for this mode of delivery although basic delivery is normally a week to 10 days and Priority 4-6 days.
FREE standard shipping for all orders $125. All Free shipping orders are shipped via Basic Economy. Unfortunately, not all countries are available for free shipping and some countries cannot be shipped Basic Economy due to delivery issues in that country and free shipping may not be available to all destinations. These include: Russia, Italy, Taiwan, Philippines, Macao S.A.R., China, Lebanon, India, China, South Africa, Ukraine and Turkey. These countries ships via DHL Worldwide. This is detailed at checkout. The above countries are not currently available for the $10.00 upgrade shipping promotion.
Please note that an order is not considered lost until 60 days.
Please note that shipping outside the U.S. may involve taxes, import duties, customs-related fees, or other charges beyond our control. The recipient is solely responsible for those fees.
Unfortunately, we cannot ship to Indonesia. Please contact us for a dealer in those countries.
We want you to have your order as quickly as possible, so our warehouse is fully stocked. Our goal is to send your order from our warehouse to your house the next business day after we receive your order. Depending on when we receive your order, we may even ship it the same day as you place your order!
Ground Shipping – Orders are shipped the next business day after they are placed on our website.
USPS Priority Express – Orders placed before 10:00 AM EST ship the same business day, and are delivered next business 1-2 day. Business days are only Monday thru Friday.
Some products are out of stock and backordered. In this case, the backordered items will ship as soon as they become available. If an item on your order is on backorder, you will be notified by e-mail within 24 hours. If the backordered item is part of a larger order and a significant part of the order is in stock then we will split the order, ship what we have and backorder the out of stock portion of your order. You will not be charged any additional shipping for split orders due to out of stocks or back orders. On international orders, we will hold your order until everything is in stock.
In general, your shipment will usually arrive between two and eight business days after you place your order, depending on where you live. Please refer to the shipping map at the bottom of this page for estimated shipping times from our warehouse in Bedford, MA.
What do I do if I wish to return my purchase?
You can return any product within 30 days of receiving it. Just return the unworn watch, pack it all (warranty manual, etc.) securely in the original packaging, and call us or e-mail us for a Return Authorization number. A Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) request must be made within the standard return policy for your purchase. If a package arrives to us without the RMA number easily visible on the outside, it will be refused by our receiving department.
Shipping charges for any non-defective returns are the responsibility of the customer. For customers that selected FREE shipping at checkout, a small fee will be charged to cover our original shipping costs – $7.95 for US shipments and $10.00 for international shipments. Original shipping charges will not be refunded.
Any returned shipments refused or unclaimed will be credited back to the original payment source less the original cost of shipping. If shipment was shipped free of charge, $8.95 will be deducted from U.S. domestic shipments and $18.95 for international shipments.
All returns must be shipped to us in either a crush proof box or a foam pack envelope with protective padding inside. Please do not return items in envelopes of any kind as these will not protect the item from damage during shipment. We cannot be responsible for items damaged due to poor packing. We suggest using UPS, Fedex or USPS with trackable, delivery confirmation. We recommend that you send the item insured to protect against breakage or lost shipments.
We'll gladly exchange it or give you a refund for the full amount of the merchandise, minus original shipping. Should your item be defective, we will gladly replace it with no shipping costs to you.
Please understand that we are perfectly happy taking returns within these guidelines, but we must be able to sell the watch as new. We hope you understand that a new watch can only be returned if it has never been worn or used including the protective plastic on front and back as well as the crown stopper. It is impossible to wear a watch, even for a short time and not get it blemished in some way, especially if it has a leather band which is marked the first time the strap is buckled.


text:
Premier Inn reports flat sales
By Stanley.Slaughter / 16 June 2009
RevPAR down by 9.6%
Premier Inn, Britain's largest hotel chain, today (June 16) reported "flat sales" in the 13 weeks to the end of May.
During the quarter, sales fell by 0.2% compared with the same period in 2008 while like for like sales dropped by 7.9%.
It also reported a drop of 9.6% in its revPAR (revenue per available room) for the 13 weeks.
Alan Parker, ceo of Whitbread, the owners of the budget chain, said: "Against tough comparatives, Premier Inn has seen flat total sales for the first quarter and like for like sales move backwards by (7.9%) with revenue per available room down (9.6%).
"In the declining market, we have maintained sales through our Business Account card, with total accounts increasing 14% year on year."
Mr Parker said that in the quarter, Premier opened six new hotels and 838 new rooms.
He said it was on course to deliver some 2,000 new rooms in the UK and overseas this year.
Overall the company, which also owns pub restaurants and a coffee house chain, reported an increase in sales of 2.5%, compared with 2008, for the 13 weeks.
www.whitbread.com www.premierinn.com


Are you looking for an opportunity to reduce the risk of crime?
If you can spare an hour or two per month for your neighborhood then Crime Watch Patrol might be the opportunity you are seeking.
Our next training class will be held on June 1st, 2016 (Wednesday) from 8:30am to 12:30pm.
So if interested, please submit your application as soon as possible.
To get started go to http://www.cor.net/index.aspx?page=512 and complete the online application.
If you have any questions about this or any RPD program don't hesitate to call the Crime Prevention Unit at 972-744-4955.


Wedding and Event coverage starting at $500 for 4 hours of coverage. I use a mixture of styles from candid to formal images and include color, black and white, and special effects into my photos. These arent just your wedding photos, but also art.
Andre Blais, located in Rhode Island, specializes in wedding and portrait photography throughout New England.


and also ASMARA dishes are recorded for television programs.
ASMARA-dishes are presented in Indonesian television.
Indonesian TV-Stars visiting ASMARA for dinner.
The Thai Princess Sirindhorn to dinner at ASMARA.
Princess Sirindhorn browsing in ASMARA Art Collection.
A lobster is selected for TV program 'Koko Cilic'.
The grilled lobster after preparation of the meal.


Maintaining healthy blood pressure (BP) or lowering BP that is already elevated is a task that can be targeted by a variety of fruits and vegetables. One of the veggies earning a solid reputation in that regard is beetroot. Numerous studies are now showing that beetroot, like several other plant foods, appears to lower the risk of numerous conditions to include heart disease and obesity.
Per medicalnewstoday.com, a study from about 10 years ago referenced in the publication Hypertension reported that healthy volunteers ingesting 500 milliliters of beetroot juice saw their blood pressure significantly reduced. The reason? Researchers attributed this to the high nitrate levels contained in beet juice, pointing out that vegetables high in nitrate could in fact be a low-cost, effective way to help treat cardiovascular condition – hypertension (high blood pressure) included.
Dementia. Research conducted at Wake Forest University determined that drinking beetroot juice can enhance oxygenation to the brain, per medicalnewstoday.com.
Diabetes. Alpha-lipoic acid, an antioxidant found in beets, is believed to help reduce glucose levels, enhance insulin sensitivity, and stop oxidative stress-induced changes in diabetics.
Digestion/regularity. Beetroot is high in fiber, which means it is effective in staving off constipation while promoting regularity.
Inflammation. One of beetroot's nutrients is the versatile choline, which can work as a sleep aid while helping with muscle movement, learning, and memory.
Supports the Liver. Per healthline.com, beetroot contains a substance known as betaine that not only can help prevent or at least reduce fatty deposits in the liver, it also might help guard the liver against invading toxins.
Reduce cholesterol. A 2011 study using rats, per healthline.com, reduced total cholesterol and triglycerides at the same time it was increasing good cholesterol.
The key ingredient to beetroot's effectiveness in controlling blood pressure are nitrates, which, when ingested, convert the nitrates into nitric oxide, a chemical believed to lower blood pressure, per nhs.uk.com. It does this by relaxing the muscles in the blood vessels walls. A more recent study, done in 2013, found that beetroot juice was able to reduce blood pressure, although long-term trials were still needed to verify beetroot's benefits as they relate to BP.
In western countries such as the U.S., beetroot's use in medical treatments is a fairly recent phenomenon, although its use as a natural medicinal substance dates to Roman times, per National Institutes of Health. NIH goes into further detail in explaining the medicinal science of beetroot, pointing out that the nitric oxide that comes from the nitrates can significantly reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure whether delivered as a juice supplement or in bread (that has been beetroot-enriched).
Even with more research to be done and trials conducted, beetroot's notoriety for possibly lowering blood pressure in humans is gaining steam. New products containing beetroot are coming onto the market, to include juices and other types of drinks, earning it "superfood" status in some places. One thing to make note of: beetroot is genetically and nutritionally separate from sugar beets; they are not the same thing. Sugar beets are typically white and often used for sweetening manufactured foods, per medicalnewstoday.com.
What makes beetroot, and therefore its nitrates and nitric oxide so promising in terms of blood pressure control and other medical benefits is its bioavailability – its ability to maintain its molecular structure throughout the multifaceted digestive process. In the case of inorganic dietary nitrate, per NIH, its high bioavailability is seen in its close to 100 percent absorption into the circulatory system following digestion.
For those people who suffer from hypertension – as well as other health-related conditions mentioned earlier, it's a good idea to keep an eye out for beetroot information as it develops.


It's an unfortunate fact that seniors are prime targets for scammers. They are perceived as being more trusting and many of them have acquired savings and valuable assets to help get them through retirement. The combination is too tempting for many scammers to resist. Below are the most common scams targeting seniors and how you can avoid them.
Everyone likes to win. With all the stories of big lottery winners taking home millions of dollars, it's exciting to think about what we would do if we won a lottery or giveaway of some type. Scammers take advantage of this by contacting unsuspecting targets and telling them they've won some sort of sweepstakes, but with a catch: the target has to pay to cover the taxes and fees before they can get their prize.
In reality, winners never pay in order to receive their prize. That would defeat the purpose. Legitimate sweepstakes and lotteries have other forms of income to pay their bills, such as the tickets purchased by everyone who enters the lottery. Any time someone tells you that you have to pay to get a prize, hang up and report the incident to the National Adult Protective Services Association (NAPSA) right away.
Because many seniors are more concerned than ever about saving/investing for retirement, they are prime targets for investment fraud. Scammers will often call the target claiming they have a great investment opportunity for them with little-to-no risk and big returns.
If something sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Always consult a reliable, trustworthy financial analyst before making any big investments.
This scam has been targeting all age groups – not just seniors. Someone calls pretending to be from the IRS and states that the target has not paid their taxes, and if they don't pay immediately, they'll face serious consequences, such as a revoked drivers' license or arrest.
The IRS does not call or email citizens. They use the postal service, and they should never be pushy or aggressive, which scam callers usually are to intimidate their targets into paying up. If you get a call or email claiming to be from the IRS and threatening you for not paying your taxes, feel free to hang up or delete the email, because it's not legitimate.
Another common scam is when the con person calls pretending to be a relative who has been arrested abroad and needs to have money wired to them to bail them out.
In reality, that relative may never have been to that country at all. Be sure to contact other family members to confirm that person is really there and that the situation is legitimate. No one wants to leave a family member hanging in their hour of need, but you should never wire money anywhere without first confirming the person is who they say they are.
Some scammers show up on your doorstep offering home repair services you don't need or didn't think you needed. These scammers get their targets to pay upfront for work that will be done at a later date. In reality, the work is poorly done or never done at all.
Never pay for services before you've received them. Most licensed contractors don't go door-to-door soliciting work, but if you're not sure, you can always ask for their business card and do your own research later.
If you feel that it's time for your loved one to move to assisted living, Oasis Senior Advisors can provide you with support and guidance. We offer resources for seniors and their families, so you can feel confident in your senior housing selection.


The Law Offices of Haskins James Law serve injured people involved in various types of accidents and injuries throughout Salt Lake City.
We have years of experience litigating accident and injury related cases. Our personal injury lawyers are selective in the cases we handle, allowing us to personally devote the time needed to build a solid case for you. We are prepared to litigate each case to verdict in order to obtain the maximum amount of damages recoverable. Our firm has a reputation for excellence and aggressive representation against major insurance companies, defense firms and irresponsible parties.
We deal exclusively with clients whose lives have been seriously affected by the negligence of others and who have suffered personal injury. Any victim of an automobile accident, truck accident, dog bite, wrongful death, motorcycle accident, slip and fall, product defect, trip and fall or product liability, as well as other injury related accidents, is our main focus, and those are the people we fight to represent everyday. We do everything legally possible for our clients to make sure a full and complete compensation for injuries are obtained, including recovering for lost wages future income, pain and suffering, medical bills and emotional distress.


Over the past two weeks, in the wake of the U.S. presidential election, I've seen/watched/heard terrible news being shared on Facebook and other social media. Rising anti-Semitism garnered by the alt-right. Intimidation of journalists and free speech. Derogatory language regarding Muslims, African-Americans, the LGBTQ community, etc. It's gut-wrenching. Horrifying. Paralyzing.
A great number of us feel like we've lost our country. But in fact, 2016 has been a year of many losses, particularly musical. Prince, Bowie, Leonard Cohen, and Sharon Jones come immediately to mind. Yet I keep coming back to another musical icon who passed away: the boombox-carrying "Radio Raheem" (played by Bill Nunn) from Spike Lee's Oscar-nominated Do the Right Thing. Given his character's poignant message, expressed in the clip below, I don't think it's any coincidence we lost Mr. Nunn this year, too. HATE has won, at least temporarily.
As for 2017? Here's hoping LOVE makes that comeback you predicted, Radio.
La Roux Makes A Comeback?


Please choose the course or place which you would like to see.
Failed to find a date that suits you? Alternatively, our advisers can deal with your questions in a personal consultation. Set up a personal consultation here. In the event that your desired date is fully booked, it is possible that places may become free at a later date due to cancellations. Check back regularly, especially on the day of the event, to see if places have become free.


text:
(-) Remove <label class='research-domain' title='Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology'>LS2 (6)</label> filter LS2 (6)
Project acronym 2DNANOPTICA
Project Nano-optics on flatland: from quantum nanotechnology to nano-bio-photonics
Researcher (PI) Pablo Alonso-González
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO
Summary Ubiquitous in nature, light-matter interactions are of fundamental importance in science and all optical technologies. Understanding and controlling them has been a long-pursued objective in modern physics. However, so far, related experiments have relied on traditional optical schemes where, owing to the classical diffraction limit, control of optical fields to length scales below the wavelength of light is prevented. Importantly, this limitation impedes to exploit the extraordinary fundamental and scaling potentials of nanoscience and nanotechnology. A solution to concentrate optical fields into sub-diffracting volumes is the excitation of surface polaritons –coupled excitations of photons and mobile/bound charges in metals/polar materials (plasmons/phonons)-. However, their initial promises have been hindered by either strong optical losses or lack of electrical control in metals, and difficulties to fabricate high optical quality nanostructures in polar materials. With the advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their extraordinary optical properties, during the last 2-3 years the visualization of both low-loss and electrically tunable (active) plasmons in graphene and high optical quality phonons in monolayer and multilayer h-BN nanostructures have been demonstrated in the mid-infrared spectral range, thus introducing a very encouraging arena for scientifically ground-breaking discoveries in nano-optics. Inspired by these extraordinary prospects, this ERC project aims to make use of our knowledge and unique expertise in 2D nanoplasmonics, and the recent advances in nanophononics, to establish a technological platform that, including coherent sources, waveguides, routers, and efficient detectors, permits an unprecedented active control and manipulation (at room temperature) of light and light-matter interactions on the nanoscale, thus laying experimentally the foundations of a 2D nano-optics field.
Ubiquitous in nature, light-matter interactions are of fundamental importance in science and all optical technologies. Understanding and controlling them has been a long-pursued objective in modern physics. However, so far, related experiments have relied on traditional optical schemes where, owing to the classical diffraction limit, control of optical fields to length scales below the wavelength of light is prevented. Importantly, this limitation impedes to exploit the extraordinary fundamental and scaling potentials of nanoscience and nanotechnology. A solution to concentrate optical fields into sub-diffracting volumes is the excitation of surface polaritons –coupled excitations of photons and mobile/bound charges in metals/polar materials (plasmons/phonons)-. However, their initial promises have been hindered by either strong optical losses or lack of electrical control in metals, and difficulties to fabricate high optical quality nanostructures in polar materials. With the advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their extraordinary optical properties, during the last 2-3 years the visualization of both low-loss and electrically tunable (active) plasmons in graphene and high optical quality phonons in monolayer and multilayer h-BN nanostructures have been demonstrated in the mid-infrared spectral range, thus introducing a very encouraging arena for scientifically ground-breaking discoveries in nano-optics. Inspired by these extraordinary prospects, this ERC project aims to make use of our knowledge and unique expertise in 2D nanoplasmonics, and the recent advances in nanophononics, to establish a technological platform that, including coherent sources, waveguides, routers, and efficient detectors, permits an unprecedented active control and manipulation (at room temperature) of light and light-matter interactions on the nanoscale, thus laying experimentally the foundations of a 2D nano-optics field.
Project acronym ADJUV-ANT VACCINES
Project Elucidating the Molecular Mechanisms of Synthetic Saponin Adjuvants and Development of Novel Self-Adjuvanting Vaccines
Researcher (PI) Alberto FERNANDEZ TEJADA
Host Institution (HI) ASOCIACION CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION COOPERATIVA EN BIOCIENCIAS
Summary The clinical success of anticancer and antiviral vaccines often requires the use of an adjuvant, a substance that helps stimulate the body's immune response to the vaccine, making it work better. However, few adjuvants are sufficiently potent and non-toxic for clinical use; moreover, it is not really known how they work. Current vaccine approaches based on weak carbohydrate and glycopeptide antigens are not being particularly effective to induce the human immune system to mount an effective fight against cancer. Despite intensive research and several clinical trials, no such carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccine has yet been approved for public use. In this context, the proposed project has a double, ultimate goal based on applying chemistry to address the above clear gaps in the adjuvant-vaccine field. First, I will develop new improved adjuvants and novel chemical strategies towards more effective, self-adjuvanting synthetic vaccines. Second, I will probe deeply into the molecular mechanisms of the synthetic constructs by combining extensive immunological evaluations with molecular target identification and detailed conformational studies. Thus, the singularity of this multidisciplinary proposal stems from the integration of its main objectives and approaches connecting chemical synthesis and chemical/structural biology with cellular and molecular immunology. This ground-breaking project at the chemistry-biology frontier will allow me to establish my own independent research group and explore key unresolved mechanistic questions in the adjuvant/vaccine arena with extraordinary chemical precision. Therefore, with this transformative and timely research program I aim to (a) develop novel synthetic antitumor and antiviral vaccines with improved properties and efficacy for their prospective translation into the clinic and (b) gain new critical insights into the molecular basis and three-dimensional structure underlying the biological activity of these constructs.
The clinical success of anticancer and antiviral vaccines often requires the use of an adjuvant, a substance that helps stimulate the body's immune response to the vaccine, making it work better. However, few adjuvants are sufficiently potent and non-toxic for clinical use; moreover, it is not really known how they work. Current vaccine approaches based on weak carbohydrate and glycopeptide antigens are not being particularly effective to induce the human immune system to mount an effective fight against cancer. Despite intensive research and several clinical trials, no such carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccine has yet been approved for public use. In this context, the proposed project has a double, ultimate goal based on applying chemistry to address the above clear gaps in the adjuvant-vaccine field. First, I will develop new improved adjuvants and novel chemical strategies towards more effective, self-adjuvanting synthetic vaccines. Second, I will probe deeply into the molecular mechanisms of the synthetic constructs by combining extensive immunological evaluations with molecular target identification and detailed conformational studies. Thus, the singularity of this multidisciplinary proposal stems from the integration of its main objectives and approaches connecting chemical synthesis and chemical/structural biology with cellular and molecular immunology. This ground-breaking project at the chemistry-biology frontier will allow me to establish my own independent research group and explore key unresolved mechanistic questions in the adjuvant/vaccine arena with extraordinary chemical precision. Therefore, with this transformative and timely research program I aim to (a) develop novel synthetic antitumor and antiviral vaccines with improved properties and efficacy for their prospective translation into the clinic and (b) gain new critical insights into the molecular basis and three-dimensional structure underlying the biological activity of these constructs.
Project acronym CancerFluxome
Project Cancer Cellular Metabolism across Space and Time
Researcher (PI) Tomer Shlomi
Summary The metabolism of cancer cells is altered to meet cellular requirements for growth, providing novel means to selectively target tumorigenesis. While extensively studied, our current view of cancer cellular metabolism is fundamentally limited by lack of information on variability in metabolic activity between distinct subcellular compartments and cells. We propose to develop a spatio-temporal fluxomics approach for quantifying metabolic fluxes in the cytoplasm vs. mitochondria as well as their cell-cycle dynamics, combining mass-spectrometry based isotope tracing with cell synchronization, rapid cellular fractionation, and computational metabolic network modelling. Spatio-temporal fluxomics will be used to revisit and challenge our current understanding of central metabolism and its induced adaptation to oncogenic events – an important endeavour considering that mitochondrial bioenergetics and biosynthesis are required for tumorigenesis and accumulating evidences for metabolic alterations throughout the cell-cycle. Our preliminary results show intriguing oscillations between oxidative and reductive TCA cycle flux throughout the cell-cycle. We will explore the extent to which cells adapt their metabolism to fulfil the changing energetic and anabolic demands throughout the cell-cycle, how metabolic oscillations are regulated, and their benefit to cells in terms of thermodynamic efficiency. Spatial flux analysis will be instrumental for investigating glutaminolysis - a 'hallmark' metabolic adaptation in cancer involving shuttling of metabolic intermediates and cofactors between mitochondria and cytoplasm. On a clinical front, our spatio-temporal fluxomics analysis will enable to disentangle oncogene-induced flux alterations, having an important tumorigenic role, from artefacts originating from population averaging. A comprehensive view of how cells adapt their metabolism due to oncogenic mutations will reveal novel targets for anti-cancer drugs.
The metabolism of cancer cells is altered to meet cellular requirements for growth, providing novel means to selectively target tumorigenesis. While extensively studied, our current view of cancer cellular metabolism is fundamentally limited by lack of information on variability in metabolic activity between distinct subcellular compartments and cells. We propose to develop a spatio-temporal fluxomics approach for quantifying metabolic fluxes in the cytoplasm vs. mitochondria as well as their cell-cycle dynamics, combining mass-spectrometry based isotope tracing with cell synchronization, rapid cellular fractionation, and computational metabolic network modelling. Spatio-temporal fluxomics will be used to revisit and challenge our current understanding of central metabolism and its induced adaptation to oncogenic events – an important endeavour considering that mitochondrial bioenergetics and biosynthesis are required for tumorigenesis and accumulating evidences for metabolic alterations throughout the cell-cycle. Our preliminary results show intriguing oscillations between oxidative and reductive TCA cycle flux throughout the cell-cycle. We will explore the extent to which cells adapt their metabolism to fulfil the changing energetic and anabolic demands throughout the cell-cycle, how metabolic oscillations are regulated, and their benefit to cells in terms of thermodynamic efficiency. Spatial flux analysis will be instrumental for investigating glutaminolysis - a 'hallmark' metabolic adaptation in cancer involving shuttling of metabolic intermediates and cofactors between mitochondria and cytoplasm. On a clinical front, our spatio-temporal fluxomics analysis will enable to disentangle oncogene-induced flux alterations, having an important tumorigenic role, from artefacts originating from population averaging. A comprehensive view of how cells adapt their metabolism due to oncogenic mutations will reveal novel targets for anti-cancer drugs.
Project acronym chem-fs-MOF
Project Chemical Engineering of Functional Stable Metal-Organic Frameworks: Porous Crystals and Thin Film Devices
Researcher (PI) Carlos MARTI-GASTALDO
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA
Summary Metal-Organic-Frameworks (MOFs) offer appealing advantages over classical solids from combination of high surface areas with the crystallinity of inorganic materials and the synthetic versatility (unlimited combination of metals and linkers for fine tuning of properties) and processability of organic materials. Provided chemical stability, I expect combination of porosity with manipulable electrical and optical properties to open a new world of possibilities, with MOFs playing an emerging role in fields of key environmental value like photovoltaics, photocatalysis or electrocatalysis. The conventional insulating character of MOFs and their poor chemical stability (only a minimum fraction are hydrolytically stable) are arguably the two key limitations hindering further development in this context. With chem-fs-MOF I expect to deliver: 1. New synthetic routes specifically designed for producing new, hydrolytically stable Fe(III) and Ti(IV)-MOFs (new synthetic platforms for new materials). 2. More advanced crystalline materials to feature tunable function by chemical manipulation of MOF's optical/electrical properties and pore activity (function-led chemical engineering). 3. High-quality ultrathin films, reliant on the transfer of single-layers, alongside establishing the techniques required for evaluating their electric properties (key to device integration). Recent works on graphene and layered dichalcogenides anticipate the benefits of nanostructuration for more efficient optoelectronic devices. Notwithstanding great potential, this possibility remains still unexplored for MOFs. Overall, I seek to exploit MOFs' unparalleled chemical/structural flexibility to produce advanced crystalline materials that combine hydrolytical stability and tunable performance to be used in environmentally relevant applications like visible light photocatalysis. This is an emerging research front that holds great potential for influencing future R&D in Chemistry and Materials Science.
Metal-Organic-Frameworks (MOFs) offer appealing advantages over classical solids from combination of high surface areas with the crystallinity of inorganic materials and the synthetic versatility (unlimited combination of metals and linkers for fine tuning of properties) and processability of organic materials. Provided chemical stability, I expect combination of porosity with manipulable electrical and optical properties to open a new world of possibilities, with MOFs playing an emerging role in fields of key environmental value like photovoltaics, photocatalysis or electrocatalysis. The conventional insulating character of MOFs and their poor chemical stability (only a minimum fraction are hydrolytically stable) are arguably the two key limitations hindering further development in this context. With chem-fs-MOF I expect to deliver: 1. New synthetic routes specifically designed for producing new, hydrolytically stable Fe(III) and Ti(IV)-MOFs (new synthetic platforms for new materials). 2. More advanced crystalline materials to feature tunable function by chemical manipulation of MOF's optical/electrical properties and pore activity (function-led chemical engineering). 3. High-quality ultrathin films, reliant on the transfer of single-layers, alongside establishing the techniques required for evaluating their electric properties (key to device integration). Recent works on graphene and layered dichalcogenides anticipate the benefits of nanostructuration for more efficient optoelectronic devices. Notwithstanding great potential, this possibility remains still unexplored for MOFs. Overall, I seek to exploit MOFs' unparalleled chemical/structural flexibility to produce advanced crystalline materials that combine hydrolytical stability and tunable performance to be used in environmentally relevant applications like visible light photocatalysis. This is an emerging research front that holds great potential for influencing future R&D in Chemistry and Materials Science.
Project acronym CrackEpitranscriptom
Project Cracking the epitranscriptome
Researcher (PI) Schraga SCHWARTZ
Summary Over 100 types of distinct modifications are catalyzed on RNA molecules post-transcriptionally. In an analogous manner to well-studied chemical modifications on proteins or DNA, modifications on RNA - and particularly on mRNA - harbor the exciting potential of regulating the complex and interlinked life cycle of these molecules. The most abundant modification in mammalian and yeast mRNA is N6-methyladenosine (m6A). We have pioneered approaches for mapping m6A in a transcriptome wide manner, and we and others have identified factors involved in encoding and decoding m6A. While experimental disruption of these factors is associated with severe phenotypes, the role of m6A remains enigmatic. No single methylated site has been shown to causally underlie any physiological or molecular function. This proposal aims to establish a framework for systematically deciphering the molecular function of a modification and its underlying mechanisms and to uncover the physiological role of the modification in regulation of a cellular response. We will apply this framework to m6A in the context of meiosis in budding yeast, as m6A dynamically accumulates on meiotic mRNAs and as the methyltransferase catalyzing m6A is essential for meiosis. We will (1) aim to elucidate the physiological targets of methylation governing entry into meiosis (2) seek to elucidate the function of m6A at the molecular level, and understand its impact on the various steps of the mRNA life cycle, (3) seek to understand the mechanisms underlying its effects. These aims will provide a comprehensive framework for understanding how the epitranscriptome, an emerging post-transcriptional layer of regulation, fine-tunes gene regulation and impacts cellular decision making in a dynamic response, and will set the stage towards dissecting the roles of m6A and of an expanding set of mRNA modifications in more complex and disease related systems.
Over 100 types of distinct modifications are catalyzed on RNA molecules post-transcriptionally. In an analogous manner to well-studied chemical modifications on proteins or DNA, modifications on RNA - and particularly on mRNA - harbor the exciting potential of regulating the complex and interlinked life cycle of these molecules. The most abundant modification in mammalian and yeast mRNA is N6-methyladenosine (m6A). We have pioneered approaches for mapping m6A in a transcriptome wide manner, and we and others have identified factors involved in encoding and decoding m6A. While experimental disruption of these factors is associated with severe phenotypes, the role of m6A remains enigmatic. No single methylated site has been shown to causally underlie any physiological or molecular function. This proposal aims to establish a framework for systematically deciphering the molecular function of a modification and its underlying mechanisms and to uncover the physiological role of the modification in regulation of a cellular response. We will apply this framework to m6A in the context of meiosis in budding yeast, as m6A dynamically accumulates on meiotic mRNAs and as the methyltransferase catalyzing m6A is essential for meiosis. We will (1) aim to elucidate the physiological targets of methylation governing entry into meiosis (2) seek to elucidate the function of m6A at the molecular level, and understand its impact on the various steps of the mRNA life cycle, (3) seek to understand the mechanisms underlying its effects. These aims will provide a comprehensive framework for understanding how the epitranscriptome, an emerging post-transcriptional layer of regulation, fine-tunes gene regulation and impacts cellular decision making in a dynamic response, and will set the stage towards dissecting the roles of m6A and of an expanding set of mRNA modifications in more complex and disease related systems.
Project acronym e-Sequence
Project e-Sequence: a sequential approach to engineer heteroatom doped graphene nanoribbons for electronic applications
Researcher (PI) Aurelio MATEO ALONSO
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSIDAD DEL PAIS VASCO/ EUSKAL HERRIKO UNIBERTSITATEA
Summary Graphene nanoribbons (NR) are quasi-1D nanostructures with discrete band gaps, ballistic conduction, and one-atom thickness. Such properties make them ideal candidates to develop low-dimensional semiconductors, which are essential components in nanoelectronics. Atomically-precise control over the structure of NR (width, length, edge, doping) is crucial to fully exploit their potential. However, current approaches for the synthesis of NR suffer from several drawbacks that do not allow attaining such level of precision, therefore alternative methods need to be sought. e-Sequence will develop an unprecedented approach that assembles stepwise small molecular building blocks into NR to specifically target the most important challenges in NR synthesis. Such approach will enable the preparation of an unlimited number of NR with atomically-precise control over their structure and with almost no synthetic and purification effort, exceeding the limits of existing methods. The impact of e-Sequence will not be limited to NR synthesis but it will also extend to other disciplines, since NR are promising candidates to develop new technologies with applications in electronics, sensing, photonics, energy storage and conversion, spintronics, etc. e-Sequence ambitious research programme will be orchestrated by an independent scientist with an excellent track record of achievements in low-dimensional carbon nanostructures, and who has already established a fledgling and internationally competitive research group. Building on this and on his recent permanent appointment as Research Professor, the award of this ERC project will enable him to consolidate his group, build a portfolio of excellent research, and produce results that compete on the world stage.
Graphene nanoribbons (NR) are quasi-1D nanostructures with discrete band gaps, ballistic conduction, and one-atom thickness. Such properties make them ideal candidates to develop low-dimensional semiconductors, which are essential components in nanoelectronics. Atomically-precise control over the structure of NR (width, length, edge, doping) is crucial to fully exploit their potential. However, current approaches for the synthesis of NR suffer from several drawbacks that do not allow attaining such level of precision, therefore alternative methods need to be sought. e-Sequence will develop an unprecedented approach that assembles stepwise small molecular building blocks into NR to specifically target the most important challenges in NR synthesis. Such approach will enable the preparation of an unlimited number of NR with atomically-precise control over their structure and with almost no synthetic and purification effort, exceeding the limits of existing methods. The impact of e-Sequence will not be limited to NR synthesis but it will also extend to other disciplines, since NR are promising candidates to develop new technologies with applications in electronics, sensing, photonics, energy storage and conversion, spintronics, etc. e-Sequence ambitious research programme will be orchestrated by an independent scientist with an excellent track record of achievements in low-dimensional carbon nanostructures, and who has already established a fledgling and internationally competitive research group. Building on this and on his recent permanent appointment as Research Professor, the award of this ERC project will enable him to consolidate his group, build a portfolio of excellent research, and produce results that compete on the world stage.
Project acronym HemTree2.0
Project Single cell genomic analysis and perturbations of hematopoietic progenitors: Towards a refined model of hematopoiesis
Researcher (PI) Ido AMIT
Summary Hematopoiesis is an important model for stem cell differentiation with great medical significance. Heterogeneity within hematopoietic progenitor populations has considerably limited characterization and molecular understanding of lineage commitment in both health and disease. Advances in single-cell genomic technologies provide an extraordinary opportunity for unbiased and high resolution mapping of biological function and regulation. Recently we have developed an experimental and analytical method, termed massively parallel single-cell RNA-Seq (MARS-Seq), for unbiased classification of individual cells from their native context and successfully applied it for characterization of immune and hematopoietic progenitors. Here, we propose to uncover the hierarchy and regulatory mechanisms controlling hematopoiesis by combining comprehensive single-cell RNA-Seq analyses, modelling approaches, advanced functional assays, single-cell CRISPR screens, knockout models and epigenetic profiling. Exciting preliminary result show that indeed our approach is starting to uncover the complexity of hematopoietic progenitors and the regulatory circuits driving hematopoietic decisions. We will pursue the following aims: (i) Generate a refined model of hematopoiesis by comprehensive single-cell RNA-Seq profiling of hematopoietic progenitors, (ii) validate the predicted model by in vivo functional developmental assays and then (iii) test candidate transcription and chromatin factors uncovered by our model for their role in controlling progression towards various lineages using single-cell measurements combined with CRISPR screens. Together, our study is expected to generate a revised and high-resolution hematopoietic model and decipher the regulatory networks that control hematopoiesis. Our methods and models may provide a platform for future medical advancements including a large-scale European collaborative project to discover a comprehensive human hematopoietic tree.
Hematopoiesis is an important model for stem cell differentiation with great medical significance. Heterogeneity within hematopoietic progenitor populations has considerably limited characterization and molecular understanding of lineage commitment in both health and disease. Advances in single-cell genomic technologies provide an extraordinary opportunity for unbiased and high resolution mapping of biological function and regulation. Recently we have developed an experimental and analytical method, termed massively parallel single-cell RNA-Seq (MARS-Seq), for unbiased classification of individual cells from their native context and successfully applied it for characterization of immune and hematopoietic progenitors. Here, we propose to uncover the hierarchy and regulatory mechanisms controlling hematopoiesis by combining comprehensive single-cell RNA-Seq analyses, modelling approaches, advanced functional assays, single-cell CRISPR screens, knockout models and epigenetic profiling. Exciting preliminary result show that indeed our approach is starting to uncover the complexity of hematopoietic progenitors and the regulatory circuits driving hematopoietic decisions. We will pursue the following aims: (i) Generate a refined model of hematopoiesis by comprehensive single-cell RNA-Seq profiling of hematopoietic progenitors, (ii) validate the predicted model by in vivo functional developmental assays and then (iii) test candidate transcription and chromatin factors uncovered by our model for their role in controlling progression towards various lineages using single-cell measurements combined with CRISPR screens. Together, our study is expected to generate a revised and high-resolution hematopoietic model and decipher the regulatory networks that control hematopoiesis. Our methods and models may provide a platform for future medical advancements including a large-scale European collaborative project to discover a comprehensive human hematopoietic tree.
Project acronym m1ARNA
Project Transcriptomic m1A - a new key player in the epitranscriptome arena
Researcher (PI) Gideon RECHAVI
Host Institution (HI) MEDICAL RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH SERVICES FUND BY THE SHEBA MEDICAL CENTER
Summary Reversible epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression to define cell fate and response to environmental stimuli. Gene expression tuning by DNA and chromatin modifications is well studied, yet the effect of RNA modifications on gene expression is only starting to be revealed. More than a hundred chemical modifications decorate RNAs, mainly non-coding ones, expanding their nucleotide vocabulary and mediating their diverse functions. Several modifications were globally mapped in mRNA. Only two, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and N1-methyladenosine (m1A) exhibit a distinct topology alluding to a functional role. We pioneered the identification of m6A that is located preferentially in distinct transcript landmarks, mostly around stop codons and mediates transcript localization, splicing, decay and translation. We now identified m1A which decorates thousands of genes mainly in the start codon vicinity, upstream to the first splice site. Our preliminary results indicate that m1A dynamically responds to environmental stimuli and plays a central role in translation regulation. The regulation and functions of m1A are still terra incognita. Our objectives are to identify m1A writers and erasers, elucidate m1A readers and the mechanisms whereby m1A dictates downstream outcomes, particularly translation regulation. We will study m1A functions in response to physiologic stimuli and stress conditions in cells and animal models by manipulation of the m1A deposition machinery. As epigenetic marks operate in a context-dependent concerted way we will map m1A marks concomitantly with m6A to decipher their interplay in regulating gene expression via a putative "epigenetic RNA code". The data obtained from parallel mapping of m1A and m6A at a single nucleotide and a single transcript resolution, will expose the interplay between these two mRNA modifications in the context of multilayer epigenetics. The study of m1A circuits may identify targets amenable to therapeutic manipulations.
Reversible epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression to define cell fate and response to environmental stimuli. Gene expression tuning by DNA and chromatin modifications is well studied, yet the effect of RNA modifications on gene expression is only starting to be revealed. More than a hundred chemical modifications decorate RNAs, mainly non-coding ones, expanding their nucleotide vocabulary and mediating their diverse functions. Several modifications were globally mapped in mRNA. Only two, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and N1-methyladenosine (m1A) exhibit a distinct topology alluding to a functional role. We pioneered the identification of m6A that is located preferentially in distinct transcript landmarks, mostly around stop codons and mediates transcript localization, splicing, decay and translation. We now identified m1A which decorates thousands of genes mainly in the start codon vicinity, upstream to the first splice site. Our preliminary results indicate that m1A dynamically responds to environmental stimuli and plays a central role in translation regulation. The regulation and functions of m1A are still terra incognita. Our objectives are to identify m1A writers and erasers, elucidate m1A readers and the mechanisms whereby m1A dictates downstream outcomes, particularly translation regulation. We will study m1A functions in response to physiologic stimuli and stress conditions in cells and animal models by manipulation of the m1A deposition machinery. As epigenetic marks operate in a context-dependent concerted way we will map m1A marks concomitantly with m6A to decipher their interplay in regulating gene expression via a putative "epigenetic RNA code". The data obtained from parallel mapping of m1A and m6A at a single nucleotide and a single transcript resolution, will expose the interplay between these two mRNA modifications in the context of multilayer epigenetics. The study of m1A circuits may identify targets amenable to therapeutic manipulations.
Project acronym MMUSCLES
Project Modification of Molecular structure Under Strong Coupling to confined Light modES
Researcher (PI) Johannes Maximilian FEIST
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID
Summary Understanding and controlling the properties of matter is one of the overarching goals of modern science. A powerful way to achieve is this by using light, usually in the form of intense laser beams. However, modern advances in nanophotonics allow us to confine light modes so strongly that their effect on matter is felt even when no external fields are present. In this regime of "strong coupling" or "vacuum Rabi splitting", the fundamental excitations of the coupled system are hybrid light-matter states which combine the properties of both constituents, so-called polaritons. Little attention has been paid to the fact that strong coupling can also affect internal structure, such as nuclear motion in molecules. First experimental indications for this effect have been found, but current theory cannot explain or predict such changes. We will thus develop theoretical methods that can treat the modification of molecular structure under strong coupling to confined light modes. This will require advances in the microscopic description of the molecules under strong coupling by explicitly including their rovibrational degrees of freedom, as well as techniques to incorporate the influence of these modes in the macroscopic setting of collective strong coupling. In order to achieve this, we will adapt well-known techniques from quantum chemistry and combine them with the concepts of polariton physics. We will investigate what level of control can be gained through this approach, and whether confined light modes could act as a "photonic catalyst" to control molecular dynamics without requiring an active ingredient. This could present a novel tool to control photochemical reactions that are of paramount importance in the biological mechanisms of vision and photosynthesis, and hold great interest for use in memories, photoswitching devices, light-driven actuators, or solar energy storage. Consequently, this work could have wide-ranging impact on many different fields of science.
Understanding and controlling the properties of matter is one of the overarching goals of modern science. A powerful way to achieve is this by using light, usually in the form of intense laser beams. However, modern advances in nanophotonics allow us to confine light modes so strongly that their effect on matter is felt even when no external fields are present. In this regime of "strong coupling" or "vacuum Rabi splitting", the fundamental excitations of the coupled system are hybrid light-matter states which combine the properties of both constituents, so-called polaritons. Little attention has been paid to the fact that strong coupling can also affect internal structure, such as nuclear motion in molecules. First experimental indications for this effect have been found, but current theory cannot explain or predict such changes. We will thus develop theoretical methods that can treat the modification of molecular structure under strong coupling to confined light modes. This will require advances in the microscopic description of the molecules under strong coupling by explicitly including their rovibrational degrees of freedom, as well as techniques to incorporate the influence of these modes in the macroscopic setting of collective strong coupling. In order to achieve this, we will adapt well-known techniques from quantum chemistry and combine them with the concepts of polariton physics. We will investigate what level of control can be gained through this approach, and whether confined light modes could act as a "photonic catalyst" to control molecular dynamics without requiring an active ingredient. This could present a novel tool to control photochemical reactions that are of paramount importance in the biological mechanisms of vision and photosynthesis, and hold great interest for use in memories, photoswitching devices, light-driven actuators, or solar energy storage. Consequently, this work could have wide-ranging impact on many different fields of science.
Project acronym MULTIFLEXO
Project Hierarchical multiscale modeling of flexoelectricity and related materials properties from first principles
Researcher (PI) Massimiliano STENGEL
Host Institution (HI) AGENCIA ESTATAL CONSEJO SUPERIOR DEINVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS
Summary Flexoelectricity, the coupling between an inhomogeneous deformation and the electrical polarization, has emerged a "hot" topic in modern materials science due to its cross-cutting relevance to many phenomena of fundamental and technological interest. Understanding the intriguing physics that governs its behaviour at the nanoscale is crucial to harnessing the potential of strain gradients in practical applications, and such a progress requires a substantial support from theory. In spite of impressive recent advances, first-principles calculations of flexoelectricity remain technically challenging at several levels: first, the breakdown of translational lattice periodicity that a strain gradient entails is problematic to treat in the context of traditional electronic-structure methods; second, the stringent length- and time-scale constraints of direct quantum-mechanical approaches limit the applicability of these methods to real problems, which often involve complex sample shapes and morphologies. This project is aimed at overcoming these obstacles from their very root, via the development of ground-breaking innovations in electronic-structure and multiscale methodologies, and at using these advances to address a number of pressing physical questions in the context of energy and information technologies. In particular, the objectives of this project are: (i) identifying the microscopic mechanisms that are most effective at delivering a strong flexoelectric response in a variety of materials; (ii) understanding how these bulk effects are modified by size, shape and boundary conditions, and how they interact with other material properties; (iii) supporting the experimental interpretation by critically assessing alternative physical interpretations of the observed effects (e.g. compositional gradients); (iv) exploring the functionalities enabled by strain gradients in complex materials systems, including 2D crystals, semiconductor nanowires and multiferroics.
Flexoelectricity, the coupling between an inhomogeneous deformation and the electrical polarization, has emerged a "hot" topic in modern materials science due to its cross-cutting relevance to many phenomena of fundamental and technological interest. Understanding the intriguing physics that governs its behaviour at the nanoscale is crucial to harnessing the potential of strain gradients in practical applications, and such a progress requires a substantial support from theory. In spite of impressive recent advances, first-principles calculations of flexoelectricity remain technically challenging at several levels: first, the breakdown of translational lattice periodicity that a strain gradient entails is problematic to treat in the context of traditional electronic-structure methods; second, the stringent length- and time-scale constraints of direct quantum-mechanical approaches limit the applicability of these methods to real problems, which often involve complex sample shapes and morphologies. This project is aimed at overcoming these obstacles from their very root, via the development of ground-breaking innovations in electronic-structure and multiscale methodologies, and at using these advances to address a number of pressing physical questions in the context of energy and information technologies. In particular, the objectives of this project are: (i) identifying the microscopic mechanisms that are most effective at delivering a strong flexoelectric response in a variety of materials; (ii) understanding how these bulk effects are modified by size, shape and boundary conditions, and how they interact with other material properties; (iii) supporting the experimental interpretation by critically assessing alternative physical interpretations of the observed effects (e.g. compositional gradients); (iv) exploring the functionalities enabled by strain gradients in complex materials systems, including 2D crystals, semiconductor nanowires and multiferroics.


text:
#region License

// Copyright (c) 2007 - 2014, Northwestern University, Vladimir Kleper, Skip Talbot
// and Pattanasak Mongkolwat.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
//   Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
//   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
//   Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
//   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
//   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
//   Neither the name of the National Cancer Institute nor Northwestern University
//   nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
//   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
// ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
// DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
// DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
// SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
// CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
// OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

#endregion

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace AIM.Annotation.AimManager
{
	// Represents data that can be extracted from a single AIM Annotation
	public interface IDataProvider
	{
		AimDetails AimAnnotationDetails { get; }
		IList<TemplateTree.StandardValidTerm> AnatomicEntities { get; }
		IList<TemplateTree.StandardValidTerm> ImagingObservations { get; }
		IList<TemplateTree.StandardValidTerm> Inferences { get; }
		string[] CalculationDescriptions { get; }
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Significant step for WA uranium
Western Australia's Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) has recommended that the state's first uranium mine, Toro Energy's Wiluna, be allowed to go ahead.
Water barrier trials under way at Wiluna (Image: Toro Energy)
The EPA has formally submitted a 109-page report of its findings on the project to the state minister for environment, concluding that it meets environmental approval requirements and should be allowed to proceed subject to various conditions being met.
Wiluna, which comprises the Centipede and Lake Way uranium deposits, contains uranium resources of 24,360 t U3O8 (20,657 tU). Discovered in the early 1970s, Wiluna is set to become the first uranium project to receive a positive EPA recommendation since Western Australia's government formally lifted its ban on uranium mining in 2008.
EPA chairman Paul Vogel said that the authority recognised the high public interest in the state's first uranium mine project. "As with all the proposals assessed by the EPA, I can assure the public we have applied the highest level of scrutiny in our examination of its environmental acceptability," he said.
Toro Energy managing director Greg Hall described the EPA's positive recommendation as an important milestone both for his company and for the Western Australian uranium industry. He said the company had worked hard to technically de-risk the project with a test mine and pilot process plant, and would continue to work with government departments, local communities and traditional land owners on the final pre-development stages. "The Wiluna project is one of the few in the world capable of commencing near-term production in the crucial 2014/2015 period when the international nuclear industry will be seeking additional secure long-term supplies," he said.
The main ecological issues identified by the EPA centre on the protection of a local plant species, Tecticomia, and the protection of underground stygofauna species (fauna living within groundwater systems). While impacts on stygofauna were unlikely to be significant, the EPA has recommended strict conditions including offsets to ensure the protection of Tecticomia.
The EPA report is now open to public appeal for two weeks, with the state environment minister required to review any appeals before reaching a decision on the project. A federal government decision on the assessment is likely to follow after the Western Australian process is finalised. With that in mind, Toro's board is targeting a final investment decision on the project by the end of 2012. The company envisages production of up to 1200 t U3O8 (1018 tU) per year from the project, 520 km north of Kalgoorlie.
Australia Mine licensing
Australia must end uranium confusion New WA government opens doors to uranium
Toro EnergyWestern Australia Environmental Protection Authority