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Sosa: How America moves forward
Opinion // Commentary
By Lionel Sosa, For the Express-News Nov. 28, 2020 Updated: Nov. 28, 2020 1 p.m.
Supporters of President Donald Trump rallied at the Michigan Capitol after the election. What's going to happen on Jan. 20? Biden will be the next president.
Photo: BRYAN DENTON /NYT
Woody Allen movies have taught me a lot about human nature. Especially the ones featuring a deeply flawed protagonist, who is super confident and totally together on the surface, but inside is worried, confused, nervous and insecure. He makes it all up with bravado and the ever-present need to reassure all present that he's smarter than everyone.
In many ways, Allen's characters seem so much like President Donald Trump, and they remind me of a conversation I had with Steve Wynn, the Las Vegas mogul, just before Trump was elected.
"I know him well," Wynn confided. "We both owned gambling casinos in Atlantic City. I advised him to sell his properties while the getting was good. I sold mine just in time. He kept his and went bankrupt."
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He continued: "That man doesn't listen; he's all ego. He's not nearly as smart as he thinks he is and is prone to making big mistakes. He attracts good people, but once hired, he largely blows them off. He's convinced there's no one smarter than he. Trump's a good father, though, I'll give him that."
Trump's 2016 win foretold something big — the Republican Party as we knew it had been turned on its head. Fear was in the air like never before, and Trump took pleasure in stoking it. In fact, the more he did it, the more his fan base loved him.
Fear is the most commanding of human emotions. Laying so close to the surface, it is easily aroused, especially when people are told there are enemies at hand and they stand to lose something dear.
I saw this fear firsthand in 2016, as my friend George Antuna and I traveled around Texas, talking to Republican groups about the need to become more inclusive by attracting more Latinos and people of color to the party.
The attendees weren't all that interested in Latinos. They wanted to talk about a whole lot of "scary" stuff like the immigrant "invasion," Muslims, losing their guns, the country becoming socialist, a threat of a liberal Supreme Court and abortion remaining legal. But most of all, they feared change, losing their dominant position in the America they knew.
When a president fuels these kinds of fears on a daily basis, sometimes with total disregard for truth, with an entire news network echoing and amplifying him, the predictable happens: Viewers become more and more convinced. Trump and his friends at Fox News have created an alternative reality: a country in peril. A country that only they can save.
Of course, the same is true over at CNN, MSNBC and others. Loyal viewers believe we are a country in peril and that only they can save it.
I've worked on six presidential campaigns, and I know this much: Every individual who runs for president believes that they, and only they, can save America. And everyone who backs them believes likewise.
That's why we keep hearing the phrase, "It's so scary," coming from both Republicans and Democrats. Everyone seems to be in fear
So, what's going to happen on Jan. 20?
Joe Biden will take the helm, but the country will remain divided. After trying his damndest to hold on to power in his "win at all costs" kind of way, Trump will have to finally hand over the marbles. Fox News and Trump will continue to promote the "we were robbed" charade.
And why not? As long as their ratings remain high, the money will continue flowing into Rupert Murdoch's pocket. Trump's followers will keep the drums of divisiveness beating for months, maybe years.
Now, there's nothing new about a divided country. We've been much more divided in the past. There was money in slavery, too. So, we took arms and slaughtered each other. In the 1960s, the country was divided along generational and ideological lines almost to the breaking point, but we did not break.
And we'll make it again because our collective love of country is stronger than ever.
We might try taking a deep breath, counting to 10 and remembering what we all have in common. What unites us as Americans is our love of freedom. And as always, right now, we're all exercising that freedom. The freedom to express our views. The freedom to support whomever we please. And the freedom to choose our leaders, whomever he and she may be.
As Mariel Hemingway said in her parting words to Allen in the movie "Manhattan," "You gotta have a little faith in people."
Lionel Sosa, a Republican, was media adviser to Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush and John McCain.
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Clack: Trump insurrection steeped in American racism


text:
Это список видов млекопитающих, зарегистрированных в Бангладеш. В Бангладеш насчитывается 89 видов млекопитающих, из которых 2 находятся на грани исчезновения, 13 — под угрозой исчезновения, 16 являются уязвимыми, а 4 вида близки к уязвимому положению.

Следующие теги используются для выделения статуса сохранения каждого вида по оценке МСОП:
  — вымершие в дикой природе виды
  — исчезнувшие в дикой природе, представители которых сохранились только в неволе
  — виды на грани исчезновения (в критическом состоянии)
  — виды под угрозой исчезновения
  — уязвимые виды
  — виды, близкие к уязвимому положению
  — виды под наименьшей угрозой
  — виды, для оценки угрозы которым не хватает данных

Некоторые виды были оценены с использованием более ранних критериев. Виды, оцененные с использованием этой системы, имеют следующие категории вместо угрожаемых и наименее опасных:

Подкласс: Звери

Инфракласс: Плацентарные

Отряд: Хоботные

 Семейство: Слоновые (слоны)
 Род: Индийские слоны
 Азиатский слон, Elephas maximus EN

Отряд: Сирены

 Семейство: Дюгоневые
 Род: Дюгони
 Дюгонь, Dugong dugon VU

Отряд: Приматы

 Подотряд: Мокроносые приматы
 Инфраотряд: Лемурообразные
 Надсемейство: Lorisoidea
 Семейство: Лориевые
 Род: Толстые лори
 Медленный лори, Nycticebus coucang LR/lc
 Подотряд: Сухоносые приматы
 Инфраотряд: Обезьянообразные
 Парвотряд: Узконосые обезьяны
 Надсемейство: Собакоголовые
 Семейство: Мартышковые
 Род: Макаки
 Медвежий макак, Macaca arctoides VU
 Горный резус, Macaca assamensis VU
 Макак-крабоед, Macaca fascicularis LR/nt
 Северный свинохвостый макак, Macaca leonina VU
 Макак-резус, Macaca mulatta LR/nt
 Подсемейство: Тонкотелые обезьяны
 Род: Гульманы
 Гульман, Semnopithecus entellus LR/nt
 Род: Кази
 Очковый тонкотел, Trachypithecus obscurus LR/lc
 Хохлатый тонкотел, Trachypithecus pileatus EN
 Надсемейство: Человекообразные обезьяны
 Семейство: Гиббоновые
 Род: Хулоки
 Западный хулок, Hoolock hoolock EN

Отряд: Грызуны

 Подотряд: Белкообразные
 Семейство: Беличьи (белки)
 Подсемейство: Ratufinae
 Род: Гигантские белки
 Двухцветная белка, Ratufa bicolor LR/lc
 Подсемейство: Sciurinae
 Триба: Pteromyini
 Род: Стрелохвостые летяги
 Двухцветная летяга, Hylopetes alboniger EN
 Род: Гигантские летяги
 Бутанская летяга, Petaurista nobilis LR/nt
 Подсемейство: Callosciurinae
 Род: Прекрасные белки
 Ирравадийская белка, Callosciurus pygerythrus VU
 Семейство: Слепышовые
 Подсемейство: Rhizomyinae
 Род: Cannomys
 Малая бамбуковая крыса, Cannomys badius LR/lc
 Семейство: Мышиные
 Подсемейство: Мышиные
 Род: Бандикоты
 Бенгальская бандикота, Bandicota bengalensis LR/lc
 Род: Крысы Эдвардса
 Сабейская крыса, Leopoldamys sabanus LR/lc
 Род: Азиатские мягкошёрстные крысы
 Мягкошёрстная крыса, Millardia meltada LR/lc
 Род: Пластинчатозубые крысы
 Пластинчатозубая крыса, Nesokia indica LC
 Род: Белобрюхие крысы
 Каштановая крыса, Niviventer fulvescens LR/lc
 Род: Крысы
 Малая крыса, Rattus exulans LR/lc
 Гималайская крыса, Rattus nitidus LR/lc
 Крыса Танезуми, Rattus tanezumi LR/lc
 Род: Пальмовые мыши
 Пальмовая мышь, Vandeleuria oleracea LR/lc

Отряд: Зайцеобразные

 Семейство: Зайцевые
 Род: Caprolagus
 Щетинистый заяц, Caprolagus hispidus EN
 Род: Зайцы
 Темношеий заяц, Lepus nigricollis LR/lc

Отряд: Насекомоядные

 Семейство: Землеройковые (землеройки)
 Подсемейство: Белозубочьи
 Род: Белозубки
 Южно-азиатская белозубка, Crocidura fuliginosa LR/lc
 Род: Многозубки
 Гигантская белозубка, Suncus murinus LR/lc
 Многозубка Столички, Suncus stoliczkanus LR/lc

Отряд: Рукокрылые

 Семейство: Крылановые (летающие лисицы, летучие мыши Старого Света)
 Подсемейство: Pteropodinae
 Род: Коротконосые крыланы
 Индийский коротконосый крылан, Cynopterus sphinx LR/lc
 Род: Летучие лисицы
 Индийская летучая лисица, Pteropus giganteus LR/lc
 Семейство: Гладконосые летучие мыши
 Подсемейство: Myotinae
 Род: Ночницы
 Малая ночница, Myotis muricola LR/lc
 Гималайская ночница, Myotis siligorensis LR/lc
 Подсемейство: Vespertilioninae
 Род: Нетопыри
 Коромандельский нетопырь, Pipistrellus coromandra LR/lc
 Род: Пегие гладконосы
 Scotoecus pallidus NT
 Род: Домовые гладконосы
 Scotophilus kuhlii LR/lc
 Род: Scotozous
 Scotozous dormeri LC
 Род: Tylonycteris
 Tylonycteris pachypus LR/lc
 Подсемейство: Miniopterinae
 Род: Miniopterus
 Miniopterus pusillus LR/lc
 Семейство: Мышехвостые
 Род: Мышехвосты
 Мышехвост Хардвика, Rhinopoma hardwickei LC
 Большой мышехвост, Rhinopoma microphyllum LC
 Семейство: Бульдоговые летучие мыши
 Род: Малые складчатогубы
 Азиатский малый складчатогуб, Chaerephon plicata LR/lc
 Семейство: Футлярохвостые
 Род: Мешкобородые мешкокрылы
 Мешкокрыл Темминка, Saccolaimus saccolaimus LR/lc
 Род: Могильные мешкокрылы
 Длиннорукий мешкокрыл, Taphozous longimanus LR/lc
 Семейство: Подковоносые
 Подсемейство: Rhinolophinae
 Род: Подковоносы
 Азиатский подковонос, Rhinolophus affinis LR/lc
 Подсемейство: Hipposiderinae
 Род: Целопсы
 Бесхвостый листонос, Coelops frithii LR/lc
 Род: Подковогубы
 Сумеречный листонос, Hipposideros ater LR/lc
 Цейлонский листонос, Hipposideros lankadiva LC
 Обыкновенный листонос, Hipposideros larvatus LR/lc

Отряд: Панголины

 Семейство: Панголиновые
 Род: Ящеры
 Яванский ящер, Manis javanica LR/nt
 Китайский ящер, Manis pentadactyla LR/nt

Отряд: Хищные

 Подотряд: Кошкообразные
 Семейство: Кошачьи
 Подсемейство: Малые кошки
 Род: Катопумы
 Кошка Темминка, Catopuma temminckii VU
 Род: Кошки
 Камышовый кот, Felis chaus LC
 Род: Восточные кошки
 Кошка-рыболов, Prionailurus viverrinus VU
 Бенгальская кошка, Prionailurus bengalensis NT
 Подсемейство: Большие кошки
 Род: Дымчатые леопарды
 Дымчатый леопард, Neofelis nebulosa VU
 Род: Пантеры
 Индийский леопард, Panthera pardus fusca NT
 Бенгальский тигр, Panthera tigris tigris EN
 Семейство: Виверровые
 Подсемейство: Paradoxurinae
 Род: Бинтуронги
 Бинтуронг, Arctictis binturong LR/lc
 Род: Трёхполосые циветы
 Трёхполосая цивета, Arctogalidia trivirgata LR/lc
 Род: Гималайские циветы
 Гималайская цивета, Paguma larvata LR/lc
 Род: Мусанги
 Мусанг, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus LR/lc
 Подсемейство: Viverrinae
 Род: Циветты
 Большая цивета, Viverra zibetha LR/lc
 Род: Малые циветы
 Малая цивета, Viverricula indica LR/lc
 Семейство: Мангустовые
 Род: Urva
 Яванский мангуст, Urva javanica LR/lc
 Подотряд: Собакообразные
 Семейство: Псовые
 Род: Лисицы
 Бенгальская лисица, Vulpes bengalensis LC
 Обыкновенная лисица, Vulpes vulpes LC
 Род: Красные волки
 Красный волк, Cuon alpinus EN
 Семейство: Медвежьи
 Род: Медведи
 Гималайский медведь, Ursus thibetanus VU
 Род: Малайские медведи
 Малайский медведь, Helarctos malayanus DD
 Семейство: Куньи
 Род: Гладкошёрстные выдры
 Гладкошёрстная выдра, Lutrogale perspicillata VU
 Род: Бескоготные выдры
 Восточная бескоготная выдра, Aonyx cinereus NT

Отряд: Непарнокопытные

 Семейство: Носороговые
 Род: Индийские носороги
 Яванский носорог, Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis EX
 Индийский носорог, Rhinoceros unicornis VU
 Род: Суматранские носороги
 Северный суматранский носорог, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis EX

Отряд: Китопарнокопытные

 Подотряд: Свинообразные
 Семейство: Свиные
 Род: Кабаны
 Дикий кабан, Sus scrofa LR/lc
 Род Porcula
 Карликовая свинья, Porcula salvania EN
 Подотряд: Жвачные
 Семейство: Оленевые (олени)
 Подсемейство: Настоящие олени
 Род: Rusa
 Индийский замбар, Rusa unicolor VU
 Род: Cervus
 Барасинга, Rucervus duvaucelii VU
 Род: Аксисы
 Аксис, Axis axis LR/lc
 Подсемейство: Мунтжаковые
 Род: Мунтжаки
 Мунтжак, Muntiacus muntjak LR/lc
 Семейство: Полорогие (крупный рогатый скот, антилопы, овцы, козы)
 Подсемейство: Настоящие антилопы
 Род: Гарны
 Гарна, Antilope cervicapra NT
 Подсемейство: Бычьи
 Род: Настоящие быки
 Гаур, Bos frontalis VU
 Бантенг, Bos javanicus EN
 Род: Boselaphus
 Нильгау, Boselaphus tragocamelus LC
 Подсемейство: Козлиные
 Род: Серау
 Китайский серау, Capricornis milneedwardsii VU

 Подотряд: Whippomorpha / Cetancodonta
 Инфраотряд: Китообразные
 Парвотряд: Усатые киты
 Семейство: Полосатиковые
 Род: Полосатики
 Финвал, Balaenoptera physalus EN
 Синий кит, Balaenoptera musculus / Rorqualus musculus EN
 Полосатик Брайда, Balaenoptera brydei / Rorqualus brydei DD
 Полосатик Идена, Balaenoptera edeni / Rorqualus edeni LR/lc
 Balaenoptera omurai, или Rorqualus omurai DD
 Малый полосатик, Balaenoptera acutorostrata / Pterobalaena acutorostrata LR/nt
 Род: Горбатые киты
 Горбатый кит, Megaptera novaeangliae VU
 Павротряд: Зубатые киты
 Семейство: Кашалотовые
 Род: Кашалоты
 Кашалот, Physeter macrocephalus VU
 Семейство: Гангские дельфины
 Род: Гангские дельфины
 Гангский дельфин, Platanista gangetica EN
 Семейство: Морские свиньи
 Род: Беспёрые морские свиньи
 Беспёрая морская свинья, Neophocaena phocaenoides DD
 Семейство: Дельфиновые
 Род: Крупнозубые дельфины
 Крупнозубый дельфин, Steno bredanensis DD
 Род: Горбатые дельфины
 Китайский дельфин, Sousa chinensis DD
 Род: Афалины
 Индийская афалина, Tursiops aduncus DD
 Афалина, Tursiops truncatus DD
 Род: Продельфины
 Узкорылый продельфин, Stenella attenuata LR/cd
 Длиннорылый продельфин, Stenella longirostris LR/cd
 Род: Малайзийские дельфины
 Малайзийский дельфин, Lagenodelphis hosei DD
 Род: Серые дельфины
 Серый дельфин, Grampus griseus DD
 Род: Бесклювые дельфины
 Широкомордый дельфин, Peponocephala electra LR/lc
 Род: Карликовые косатки
 Карликовая косатка, Feresa attenuata DD
 Род: Малые косатки
 Малая косатка, Pseudorca crassidens DD
 Род: Гринды
 Короткоплавниковая гринда, Globicephala macrorhynchus LR/cd
 Род: Иравадийские дельфины
 Иравадийский дельфин, Orcaella brevirostris DD

См. также
 Фауна Бангладеш
 Списки млекопитающих по регионам
 Классификация млекопитающих

Примечания

Ссылки

Природа Бангладеш
Списки:Бангладеш

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: IE CSS issue, submenu navigation doesn't appear I have an issue with drop-down navigation in IE. The link to webpage is as follows. Sub-menu doesn't appear at all in IE,  however in rest of the browser it is working fine.
http://www.careerheartedspirit.com

A: The main issue I can see, is caused by putting the code below before your DOCTYPE. It causes IE to go into quirks mode instead of standards mode. If there is something, even a comment, before the DOCTYPE then Internet Explorer will trigger quirks mode.:
<style>
    .log a:hover {
        color:#434343;
    }
</style>

Move the code inside of the <head> section to stop IE from going into quirks mode.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Happy Saturday! Meet my remarkable friend Amanda. Amanda is really special to our family because she was between jobs when I first met her and became our nanny for a couple of years. My children adore their honorary aunt and she has supported me in multiple aspects. Amanda is a native Charlottean and is immensely talented as a woman of many trades ranging from marketing, event planning, communications, bridal styling, business development and more.
Perhaps her greatest contribution is her passion for charity work and fundraising. Amanda is an advocate for so many great causes. One particularly dear to her heart is raising awareness of mental illness as her father took his own life. With bravery and perseverance, she openly shares the story. A few years ago, Amanda decided to commit to an annual mission trip in memory of her father. She travels for an organization called Samaritans Feet that provides shoes to children in need in the U.S. and around the world. I ask you to consider donating here and dedicate the below recipe to Amanda who loves beets!
Beets are a favorite root vegetable of mine but usually genetically modified and heavily contaminated with pesticides. Trader Joe's sells bags of organic beets at under $2!
I like beets roasted best but with the warmer spring weather, I decided to turn them into a cooler recipe. Call it salsa or a Latin style side salad, this combination is refreshing and tasty. After baking the beets, I peeled off the skins and allowed them to cool to room temperature.
Seeded fresh jalapeños, crispy mild shallots, and a squeeze of lime brighten up the rich beets.
Everything gets love stained, as I like to call it, by the beets but it still makes a pleasing presentation.
Serve up on its own, with chips of choice, or top your tacos with this spin on a pico de gallo.
Wash beets and wrap individually in foil. Place on a cookie sheet and bake for 45 minutes. Remove from oven, cool 10 minutes, unwrap foil, and cool another 15 minutes.
Dice up the beets and toss in a mixing bowl with remaining ingredients.


Select finish options make this Vaxcel Chatham T014 Outdoor Ceiling Light a good match to your home design. This outdoor ceiling light boasts a round lantern shape and premium seeded glass globe shade. It requires one 100-watt bulb, not included. About Vaxcel LightingFor over 20 years, Vaxcel International has been a premier supplier of residential lighting products. Based in Carol Steam, Ill., Vaxcel's product line is composed of more than 2,000 items, ranging from builder-ready fixtures and ceiling fans to designer chandeliers and lamps, in the latest styles and finishes. They're known in the industry for offering a full selection of products at competitive prices. Dimensions: 13W x 13D x 12H in.. Choose from available finishes. Round clear seeded glass shade. Requires one 100-watt incandescent bulb (not included).


Christine McIntosh McGrath passed away peacefully at Parkview Place, Enderby, on Saturday, May 19, 2007. Aged 88 years. Christine was born in Saskatchewan on April 9, 1919 and moved to Armstrong in 1957. She will be sadly missed and lovingly remembered by four sons and seven daughters – Alvin (Pat) of Kamloops, Donna (Reg) Newman of Candle Lake, Sk., Linda (Norman) Beaudin of Brandenton, Florida, Victor (Barb) Courtney, Victoria (Robert) Walker of Kelowna, Marlene (Bill) Redding of Armstrong, Max (Janise) of Port Hardy, Donalda (Doc) Taylor of Armstrong, Danny (Linda) of Nakusp, Maryanne (Tony) Litzenburger of Enderby and Bonnie (Pat) Skelly of Enderby; numerous grandchildren, great grandchildren and great-great grandchildren; three sisters Gertie, Lizzie and Ray all in Sk. Predeceased by husband Archie Leonard McGrath in 1977, four brothers and five sisters. Christine had a great sense of humor and was a loving wife, mother and grandmother. She enjoyed dancing, sewing, gardening and was a superb cook. A Memorial Service will be held 11:00 a.m., Saturday, May 26, 2007, at St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, with a tea to follow. Reverend Doug Swanson officiating. Arrangements in the care of Personal Alternative Funeral Services, Armstrong, 546-7237.


1940s Art Deco free-standing floor screen designed by Jomain Baumann and manufactured in France. This beautifully made and recently restored vintage floor screen is made from stained and re-polished pine lamels. In very good vintage condition having been recently restored and waxed with some wear and staining commensurate with age and past use. The screen can be folded, coiled or extended into any position, configuration or length you desire. Perfect for a dressing room, room divider or a beautiful decorative piece.


As many of you can tell from looking at Jaymun's photos, he's definitely growing from week to week. It really is true that babies grow up fast and I'm thankful I've taken plenty of photos to document his developments.
I'm sure most of you have noticed that little Jaymun started out with a fairly good crop of hair on his head when he was first born and now at ten weeks old, that hair is pretty much no more. It's a sad side effect of his chemotherapy and a pretty noticeable one at that.
I know many people are thinking, "Hey, that kid doesn't know the difference. He's just a baby." I agree-except for the fact that our baby was clearly meant to have hair. When I was pregnant, I remember discussing with our other children what Jaymun might look like. We all thought he'd probably have some amount of hair on his head since none of them had been bald as babies. And we were right-he came into the world looking like he had a pretty good head start (no pun intended) on the whole hair thing.
When we were told he had leukemia, the first images that popped into my mind were the children I'd seen in photos of cancer patients or advertisments promoting research funding on television, terminally ill kids with bald heads--and I realized my baby was soon going to join their ranks. And so he has.
As I walk around this cancer unit, I can't help but notice the children who are sporting hairless heads-they're everywhere. I think the saddest sight is the sweet little girls wearing their pretty princess nightgowns. I imagine what they looked like before their battle with cancer, with curly blonde ringlets or long, flowing hair down their back. I sympathize with their mothers who probably brushed their beautiful hair everyday into bouncy ponytails or braided their hair before school, carefully tying on colorful ribbons at the ends.
Our Jaymun has no idea what hair is. As long as he's got a clean diaper and a full belly, he could care less about what's on top of his head. It just occurred to me that I'm really the only one who's bothered about it-and honestly, considering everything else I'm worried about, it's not really at the top of my list either. His hair is pretty much gone and his eyebrows and eyelashes have disappeared too. In between chemo treatments, his hair started to make a small comeback-but this next round of chemo will take care of that. Hair today, gone tomorrow.
I just thought I'd address the fact to let people know that not only is our little guy bald, he's downright beautiful.


FXStreet (San Francisco) - The Euro is extending its decline versus the US Dollar and after falling around 60 pips from 1.3390, the EUR/USD broke below the 1.3350 level and now it is testing 1.3330 lows.
Currently, EUR/USD is trading at 1.3340, down 0.32% on the day, having posted a daily high at 1.3394 and low at 1.3337. The hourly FXStreet OB/OS Index is showing neutral conditions, alongside the FXStreet Trend Index which is slightly bearish.
Draghi "didn't tell us anything we didn't already know, but he did make a very clear case for why core positions should be short EUR/USD and short EUR/GBP," comments Jamie Coleman from FXBeat. "Several times noting that ECB policy will diverge from policy in the US and UK for years to come, a point we've made repeatedly."
James Knightley from ING suggests that the BoE was content to leave policy unchanged at the August meeting despite satisfactory UK GDP growth, due to the fact that at the same time wages remain muted and the amount of slack in labor market is still uncertain.
FXStreet Chief Analyst Valeria Bednarik points out that following the BoE's meeting, during which the central bank held policy steady as expected, the GBP/USD is trading a few pips above the 1.6822 daily low at 1.6829.


due to the dips in player numbers and the associated, missing community based revenue, we are able to run our server for about 3 more months. As a result, we will close the server once the budget is used up.
- Level cap increased to 75.
- Tweaked economy system for better pricing.
- Level cap increased to 60.


In the past few years, while I got disconnected with everything that existed previously in my life, I took up Food Blogging as a pastime. Food has and will always be my first love. The passion for exploring new cuisines runs in the family and Blogging soon opened new avenues for me. I recently won the Orange Flower Award powered by Women's Web in the Food Writing Category.
3. What's is your venture all about?
It's the right season for Roghandaaz kind of food. Food that's rich, delectable and warms you up. They are a delivery-only kitchen and food comes in neat packaging with a menu. Aliya Nada Saifi also sent me the details of delivery beforehand with a personal note on how to reheat the food. The Lahori Murgh is their speciality and rightly so. The cashew paste makes this dish creamy and smooth and the Kasuri methi gives it a heavenly aroma. The Kofta Qadeem is meatballs cooked in a peppery curry. The meatballs in itself was meaty and flavourful; however it didn't complement the curry. Not my kinda curry. Gosht Ishtew was the star dish for me. Super soft mutton chunks cooked in onion gravy without any additional water. The mutton melts in your mouth And the slow cooking makes the gravy finger licking good. The Roghandaaz Chicken Biryani has potatoes in it and that for me is love ????. Their biryani is not delicate like the awadhi biryani nor is it unnecessarily spicy.
They say a picture says a thousand words. But in this case the picture created such beautiful cravings in the tummy that one could even imagine! All this started with seeing the name 'Roghandaaz' and it intrigued me. I remember picking up the phone and calling Aliya (the owner of Roghandaaz and one of my favorite food bloggers in the city), telling her that the menu and their pictures just made me drool and place an order NOW! Love for food and cooking runs in Aliya's family. The ladies in the earlier generation were practically trained under professional Khansamas or Chefs before they got married. Each and every item was neatly labeled, with cutleries to go with it. A lot speaks about a product when good ideation and creativity has gone into the branding. It shows the passion of the people behind it. Each and every item that we ordered had a distinct flavor to it and we love such food. The most important thing here is a lot of love and patience has gone into making these dishes.
The era in which one wasn't queasy about rich meaty preparations was an infinitely more delicious one. The food was slow cooked, wholesome and left you with a warm fuzzy feeling that only good food can. Then people started to get health conscious, may be rightly so, and even your grandma's recipes started getting weighed down by calorie counts and abominations like quinoa biryani. Hence I was pleasantly surprised by Roghandaaz, a new delivery kitchen based out of NIBM Rd., Kondhwa, serving dishes influenced by Mughlai and North West Frontier cuisines. The non vegetarian only menu is cooked with a generous amount of fat / oil and flavours transport you back to that bygone era. The food arrived packaged impressively, appropriately labelled and even small details like tucking in tissue papers and cutlery in a plastic envelope were taken care of. The dishes I received were Murgh Shahi Korma, Kofta Qadeem, Gosht Ishtew, Mutton Biryani and Sheer Sewai, each one of them on point with well cooked meat and gravies redolent with heady aromas.


text:
US8009651B2 - Neighbouring device aiding in receiving sets of data - Google Patents
Neighbouring device aiding in receiving sets of data Download PDF
Expired - Fee Related, expires 2029-09-22
Henrik Bengtsson
Bo Larsson
Mats Lindoff
Mats Blomberg
Anders Östsjö
Sten Minör
Sony Mobile Communications AB
2007-05-18 Application filed by Sony Mobile Communications AB filed Critical Sony Mobile Communications AB
2007-10-25 Assigned to SONY ERICSSON MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS AB reassignment SONY ERICSSON MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LARSSON, BO, BENGTSSON, HENRIK, OSTSJO, ANDERS, MINOR, STEN, BLOMBERG, MATS, LINDOFF, MATS
238000004891 communication Methods 0 abstract claims description 186
238000004590 computer program Methods 0 claims description 11
230000002950 deficient Effects 0 description 2
H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
H04L2001/0093—Point-to-multipoint
H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
H04W92/16—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
H04W92/18—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between terminal devices
According to one embodiment, a first wireless communication device may receive a data file via a first wireless network interface, determine if the whole file has been properly received, receive at least the data of the file that have not been properly received via the first wireless interface from a neighboring second wireless communication device and combine the data received via the first wireless network interface with data received from the neighboring wireless communication device in order to obtain the complete file. The second wireless communication device may also receive the data file via a second wireless network interface and send at least the data of the file that have not been properly received over a neighbor device interface.
Embodiments disclosed herein may relate to the field of receiving data in a wireless communication terminal via a wireless network. More particularly, embodiments disclosed herein may relate to a method, wireless communication device, or a computer program product for receiving data in a first wireless communication device via a first wireless network interface as well as to a method, wireless communication device, or a computer program product for aiding a neighboring wireless communication device to receive a set of data via a first wireless network interface of the neighboring device.
Portable communication devices, such as cellular phone, may include various media playing functionalities. Content may be download to the device via a wireless network.
When downloading data to a portable communication device, like a cellular phone, the rate at which such data is downloaded may be dependent on the quality of the link between the device and the network, which link quality may be determined as bit error rate (BER). This BER may determine the chip rate. The chip rate in a wireless system may be the rate at which chips (e.g., zeros or ones) are sent. Several chips may be used to code the actual information, e.g., the bits. With fewer chips per bit, a higher speed may be achieved. In a system with low BER just a few chips may code a bit. But with a high BER, several chips may code a bit. If the connection to a wireless network is poor, and the BER is high, downloading of a file may take longer than otherwise.
In antenna diversity, a wireless communication device may include several antennas and the antenna that has the best reception quality may be selected for transferring or receiving data. However, portable communication devices may be small and in case one device is provided with several such antennas, these may be provided very close to each other. This also may mean that the link quality experienced by one such antenna may not differ appreciably from that experienced by the other antenna in the device. The provision of an additional antenna may lead to additional costs and a larger size of the device, which may be undesirable.
In wireless networks such as WCDMA networks, a cellular phone communicates with several base stations in a network and the system may hand over the phone to the base station that has the best link quality.
Embodiments disclosed herein may provide assisted reception of a set of data for wireless communication devices.
A first aspect may concern a method for receiving a set of data in a first wireless communication device via a first wireless network interface. The method may include: receiving data of the set of data via the first wireless network interface, determining if the whole set of data has been properly received, receiving at least the data of the set of data that have not been properly received via the first wireless interface from at least one neighboring wireless communication device via a neighbor device interface, which neighboring wireless communication device has received said set of data via a second wireless network interface associated with this neighboring device, and combining the data of the set of data received via the first wireless network interface with data of the set of data received from the neighboring wireless communication device in order to obtain the complete set of data.
A second aspect may include the features of the first aspect, and may include sending a request to the at least one neighboring wireless communication device to aid in the reception of the set of data using the second wireless network interface.
A third aspect may include the features of the second aspect, and may include sending reception enabling data to the second wireless communication device.
A fourth aspect may include the features of the first aspect, and may include sending link quality data over the first wireless network interface indicating a better link quality than the one that exists over this interface.
A fifth aspect may include the features of the fourth aspect, wherein data of the set of data received over the first wireless network interface may be received with a quality corresponding to the indicated link quality.
A sixth aspect may include the features of the first aspect, and may include sending data over the first wireless network interface indicating that assistance may be obtained from at least one neighboring wireless communication device in receiving the set of data.
A seventh aspect may include the features of the first aspect, and may include requesting the neighboring wireless communication device to supply data that has not been properly received via the first wireless network interface and receiving data of the set of data from the neighboring wireless communication device may include only receiving data not properly received via the first wireless interface.
An eighth aspect may include the features of the first aspect, wherein receiving data of the set of data from the neighboring wireless communication device may include receiving the whole set of data that the neighboring wireless communication device has received via said second wireless network interface and may include selecting data received from the neighboring wireless communication device corresponding to data of the set of data that have not been properly received via the first wireless interface for use in combining.
A ninth aspect may concern a wireless communication device. The device may include: a first wireless network interface associated with a wireless wide area network, a neighbor device interface for interfacing with neighboring wireless communication devices, a network communication unit for communicating over the first wireless network interface, a neighbor communication unit for communication with neighboring wireless communication devices via the first neighbor device interface, and a control unit configured to receive data of the set of data via the first wireless interface, determine if the whole set of data has been properly received, at least receive the data of the set of data that have not been properly received via the first wireless network interface from at least one neighboring wireless communication device via the neighbor device interface, which neighboring wireless communication device has received said set of data via a second wireless network interface associated with this neighboring device, and combine the data of the set of data received via the first wireless network interface with data of the set of data received from the neighboring wireless communication device in order to obtain the complete set of data.
A tenth aspect may include the features of the ninth aspect, wherein the control unit may be configured to send a request to said at least one neighboring wireless communication device to aid in the reception of the set of data using said second wireless network interface associated with this neighboring device.
An eleventh aspect may include the features of the tenth aspect, wherein the control unit may be configured to send reception enabling data to the second wireless communication device.
A twelfth aspect may include the features of the ninth aspect, wherein the control unit may be configured to send link quality data over the first wireless network interface indicating a better link quality than the one that exists over this interface.
A thirteenth aspect may include the features of the twelfth aspect, wherein data of the set of data received over the first wireless network interface are received with a quality corresponding to the indicated link quality.
A fourteenth aspect may include the features of the ninth aspect, wherein the control unit may be configured to send data over the first wireless network interface indicating that assistance is obtained from at least one neighboring wireless communication device in receiving the set of data.
A fifteenth aspect may include the features of the ninth aspect, wherein the control unit may be configured to request the neighboring wireless communication device to supply data that has not been properly received via the first wireless network interface and when receiving data of the set of data from the neighboring wireless communication device only to receive data not properly received via the first wireless interface.
A sixteenth aspect may include the features of the ninth aspect, wherein said control unit when receiving data of the set of data from the neighboring wireless communication device is configured to receive the whole set of data that the neighboring wireless communication device has received via said second wireless network interface and may be configured to select data received from the neighboring wireless communication device corresponding to data of the set of data that have not been properly received via the first wireless interface for use in combining.
A seventeenth aspect may include the features of the ninth aspect, wherein the device may be a portable communication device.
An eighteenth aspect may include the features of the seventeenth aspect, wherein the device may be a cellular phone.
A nineteenth aspect may include the features of the ninth aspect, wherein the device may be a base station of a wireless network.
A twentieth aspect may concern a computer program product for receiving a set of data in a first wireless communication device via a first wireless network interface to a wireless wide area network. The computer program may include: computer program code, configured to make the wireless communication device perform, when said program code is loaded in the wireless communication device, receive data of the set of data via the first wireless interface, determine if the whole set of data has been properly received, at least receive the data of the set of data that have not been properly received via the first wireless network interface from the at least one neighboring wireless communication device via the neighbor device interface, which neighboring wireless communication device has received said set of data via a second wireless network interface associated with this neighboring device, and combine the data of the set of data received via the first wireless network interface with data of the set of data received from the neighboring wireless communication device in order to obtain the complete set of data.
A twenty-first aspect concerns a method, in a wireless communication device, for aiding a neighboring wireless communication device to receive a set of data via a first wireless network interface of the neighboring device. The method may include: receiving data of the set of data via a second wireless network interface, and sending at least data of the set of data that have not been properly received by the neighboring wireless communication device via the first wireless interface over a neighbor device interface, in order to allow the neighboring wireless communication device to combine data of the set of data that it has received via the first wireless network interface with data of the set of data supplied by the wireless communication device for obtaining the complete set of data.
A twenty-second aspect may include the features of the twenty-first aspect, and may include receiving a request to aid in the reception of the set of data from the neighboring wireless communication device.
A twenty-third aspect may include the features of the twenty-first aspect, and may include receiving reception enabling data from the neighboring wireless communication device and may use this reception enabling data when receiving data of the set of data via a second wireless network interface.
A twenty-fourth aspect may include the features of the twenty-first aspect, and may include receiving, from the neighboring wireless communication device, a request to supply data that has not been properly received via the first wireless network interface and sending data of the set of data may include only sending requested data.
A twenty-fifth aspect may include the features of the twenty-first aspect, wherein sending data of the set of data may include sending all received data in the set of data to the neighboring wireless communication device.
A twenty-sixth aspect concerns a wireless communication device for aiding a neighboring wireless communication device to receive a set of data via a first wireless network interface of the neighboring device. The wireless communication device may include: a second wireless network interface associated with a wireless wide area network, a neighbor device interface for interfacing with neighboring wireless communication devices, a network communication unit for communicating over the second wireless network interface, a neighbor communication unit for communication with neighboring wireless communication devices via the neighbor device interface, and a control unit configured to receive data of the set of data via the second wireless network interface, and send at least data of the set of data that have not been properly received by the neighboring wireless communication device via the first wireless interface over the neighbor device interface, in order to allow the neighboring wireless communication device to combine data of the set of data that it has itself received via the first wireless network interface with data of the set of data supplied from the wireless communication device for obtaining the complete set of data.
A twenty-seventh aspect may include the features of the twenty-sixth aspect, wherein the control unit is further configured to receive a request to aid in the reception of the data file from the neighboring wireless communication device.
A twenty-eighth aspect may include the features of the twenty-sixth aspect, wherein the control unit may be configured to receive reception enabling data from the neighboring wireless communication device and order the network communicating unit to use this reception enabling data when receiving data of the set of data via a second wireless network interface.
A twenty-ninth aspect may include the features of the twenty-sixth aspect, wherein the control unit may be configured to receive from the neighboring wireless communication device a request to supply data that has not been properly received via the first wireless network interface and when being configured to send data of the set of data is configured to only send requested data.
A thirtieth aspect may include the features of the twenty-sixth aspect, wherein it is a portable communication device.
A thirty-first aspect may include the features of the thirtieth aspect, wherein the device may be a cellular phone.
A thirty-second aspect may include the features of the twenty-sixth aspect, wherein the device may be a base station.
A thirty-third aspect concerns a computer program product for aiding a neighboring wireless communication device to receive a set of data via a first wireless network interface of the neighboring device. The computer program product may include: computer program code, configured to make the wireless communication device execute, when said program code is loaded in the wireless communication device, receive data of the set of data via a second wireless network interface, and send at least data of the set of data that have not been properly received by the neighboring wireless communication device via the first wireless interface over a neighboring device interface, in order to allow the neighboring wireless communication device to combine data of the set of data that it has itself received via the first wireless network interface with data of the set of data supplied from the wireless communication device for obtaining the complete set of data.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" and "include/including" when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, components or groups thereof.
Embodiments will now be described in more detail in relation to the enclosed drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 schematically shows an exemplary access network connected to a core network as well as two cellular phones connected to a base station of the access network;
FIG. 2 shows a front view of an exemplary wireless communication device according to one embodiment in the form of a cellular phone;
FIG. 3 shows a block schematic of exemplary parts of the two cellular phones in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of an exemplary process for receiving a set of data in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of an exemplary process for aiding a wireless communication device to receive a set of data in one embodiment; and
FIG. 6 shows an exemplary CD ROM disc on which program code for executing a method in one embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
One embodiment may be directed to assisting a wireless communication terminal in receiving a set of data, for example, a data file, such as an MP3 file.
One embodiment will now be described in more detail in the non-limiting example context of a wireless wide area network, which may be a Universal Mobile Telecommunications (UMTS) network that is shown in FIG. 1. Embodiments may not limited to UMTS but may, for example, also be applied in LTE (Long Term Evolution) GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) networks. A core network CN has a first service node 18, which may be a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) node tailored to provide packet-switched type services, which may be referred to as the serving GPRS service node (SGSN). The node 18 may be connected to connectionless-oriented networks such as the Internet. The core network CN may include other types of service nodes, such as a circuit-switches type of service node.
The core network service node 18 connects to an access network AN, which may be a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). UTRAN AN may include one or more radio network controllers (RNC), where only one RNC 16 is shown in FIG. 1. The RNC 16 may be connected to a plurality of base stations. The RNC 16 may be connected to a first base station 10, a second bas station 12 and a third base station 14. Each of these base stations 10, 12 and 14 may control communication within a cell. One base station may handle more than one cell. In the figure, only two cells are shown, one associated with the first base station 10 and one associated with the second base station 12 (shown as empty). The cells may be provided in a geographical area covered by the access network AN. In FIG. 1 two user equipment units in the form of a first and a second cellular phone 20 and 22 are shown in the cell handled by the base station 10 in the access network AN and shown as communicating with this base station 10. They are also shown as communicating with each other. There may be provided several cellular phones communicating with a base station. The nature of the communication is described below in more detail.
The cellular phones 20 and 22 may both be wireless communication devices and may be portable communication devices. One such device that is applicable for both the first and second wireless communication devices 20 and 22 is shown in a front view in FIG. 2. In one embodiment, the device is a cellular phone 20, 22 and may be provided with a display 26, 40 and a user input unit in the form of a keypad 24, 38 including a number of keys. It may include other units like speakers and microphones as well (not shown). The keypad 24, 38 is used for entering information such as selecting of functions and responding to prompts and the display 26, 40 may be used for displaying functions and prompts to a user of the phone. A cellular phone may be just one example of a type of wireless communication device that may be a portable communication device in which an embodiment may be implemented. One embodiment may, for example, also be used in other portable communication devices, such as in a PDA (personal digital assistant), a palm top computer, a lap top computer or a media player, e.g., a device having the ability to communicate via the wireless network.
FIG. 3 shows an exemplary block schematic of the first and second portable communication devices, 20 and 22. They each may include the above described user keypads 24 and 38 as well as displays 26 and 40. These entities 24 and 26 are in the first phone 20 connected to a first control unit 36 and in the second phone 22 they 38 and 40 are connected to a second control unit 50. The first control unit 36 may be connected to a first network communication unit 30 and to a first neighbor communication unit 34. The first network communication unit 30 may be connected to an first wireless network interface in the form of a first antenna 28 and the first neighbor communication unit 34 may be connected to a first neighbor device interface 32 for communication with neighboring wireless communication devices, of which the second cellular phone 22 is one. The first network communication unit 30 may be a radio communication unit, for example, in the form of an ASIC circuit including functionality for communication in the wireless network, such as modulators, demodulators, power amplifiers etc. The neighbor communication unit 34 in this embodiment may include a Bluetooth communication unit and the neighbor device interface 32 may include a Bluetooth antenna. In the same way, the second control unit 50 may be connected to a second network communication unit 44 and to a first neighbor communication unit 48. The second network communication unit 44 may be connected to a second wireless network interface in the form of a third antenna 42 and the second neighbor communication unit 48 may be connected to a second neighbor device interface 46 for communication with neighboring wireless communication devices and for communicating with the first cellular phone 20. Also the second network communication unit 44 is a radio communication unit, which may be of the same type as the first network communication unit 30, while the neighbor communication unit 48 may also be a Bluetooth communication unit and the neighbor device interface 46 may also be a Bluetooth antenna. It should here be realized that the neighbor communication units and interfaces can be provided in other ways. If, for example, the first phone 20 is provided with a system connector, which may be used for interconnecting the phones, this may, as an alternative, be used. It may also possible to use other ways of providing neighbor communication such as using IR or even a local network like via a LAN or WLAN network. The neighbor communication units and neighbor device interfaces can thus have a number of different configurations depending on how neighboring devices are able to communicate with each other. The phones may include radio communication units and antennas adapted to communicate according to the communication standard provided by the wireless wide area network.
One embodiment is described below in relation to previously described FIGS. 1 to 3 as well as to FIG. 4, which shows a flow chart of an exemplary process for receiving a set of data provided in the first phone in one embodiment, and to FIG. 5, which shows a flow chart of an exemplary process for aiding a wireless communication device to receive a set of data performed in the second phone in one embodiment.
The process may start with the user of the first phone 20 wanting to download a set of data, for example, in the form of a data file, e.g., a media file like an MP3 file. It may be possible that the link quality between the first phone 20 and the first base station 10 is poor, but the link quality between the first phone 20 and the other base stations 12 and 14 are even poorer. This may mean that a file download from a server accessed via the wireless wide area network may take a long time.
In one embodiment, a neighbor assisting download function may be provided by the first control unit 36 of the first phone 20 and presented to a user of the phone 20 via the display 26. The user of the phone 20 may then select the function using the keypad 24. If the function is selected, the user may be presented with a list of one or more neighboring phones that may be contacted. This may be done through detecting, via the neighbor device interface 32, which devices are close by, or through looking in a pre-determined list, which list may have been set by the user beforehand. In one embodiment, the user may select terminals himself and enter data regarding them. He may also, if the users of them are close by, see which cellular phones are located in the neighborhood. In one embodiment, the selection of such neighboring devices may be automatic.
Once one or more such neighboring devices have been selected, the control unit 36 may order the neighbor communication unit 34 to send a request for aid in receiving a set of data, which here may be exemplified by a data file (block 52). This request may be sent to the second phone 22. The request may be sent using an instant message via the neighbor device interface 32 to all or some neighboring devices. It may also be sent as a message via the wide area network. The request may be received (block 66) in, for example, the second phone 22, via the neighbor device interface 46 and neighbor communication unit 48 of the second phone 22, and forwarded to the second control unit 50 of the second phone 22. The second control unit then may start a neighbor assisting download client function, where the request may be presented to the user of the second phone 22, which may accept or decline. The answer may then be sent, possibly using the same route back to the control unit 36 of the first phone 20. In this way several responses from neighboring phones may be received by the first phone 20. If no neighboring phone accepts, the first control unit 36 may go on and download a file unassisted in conventional manner. All phones that do decline may take no part in the assisted downloading, while phones that accept may take such part. In this exemplary embodiment, the second phone 22 may have accepted to take part in the downloading.
It may be possible that the data file is broadcast from the network. This may be done through the first phone 20 requesting a specialized file transfer from the network. In this case the second phone 22 may be able to receive the data file from the network without any special measures being performed. The data file may also be downloaded on a traffic connection dedicated to the first phone 20. In this case, the first control unit 36 may retrieve reception-enabling data from the first network communicating unit 30, such as encryption and coding keys used and other suitable data enabling the second phone 22 to receive data destined for the first phone 20. If such reception enabling data is retrieved from the first network communicating unit 30, it may then be sent to the second phone 22 via the neighbor communication unit 34 and the neighbor device interface 32. In one embodiment, it may be possible that such data is not available until the service has been initiated via the network.
The first phone 20 may to download a file from a server via the network. The file may be, in such downloading, transferred from the server via the core network and access network to the first phone 20 via the first base station 10. The file may be received by the first control unit 36 via antenna 28 and network communicating unit 30 (block 54). The file may, at the same time, be received by the second control unit 50 of the second phone 22 via the antenna 42 and the second network communicating unit 42 (block 68). The whole file may thus be received by both the phones 20 and 22. The second control unit 50 of the second phone 22 may send, in this embodiment, the whole copy of the file that it receives via the neighbor communicating unit 48, antenna 46, antenna 32 and neighbor communicating unit 34 to the first control unit 36 (block 70). In this way the first control unit 36 may receive the whole copy from the second phone (block 56). The first control unit 36 then checks the copy of the file that it itself directly receives from the network. In case the whole file was received properly (block 58), the copy it receives from the second phone 22 may be discarded (block 60). However, if it was not, e.g. if some blocks or sections are missing or full of errors, the first control unit 36 may combine the two copies of the files through replacing the erroneous or missing parts of the directly received file with the corresponding parts received from the second phone 22 (block 62). The remaining parts of the file received from the second phone 22 may be discarded (block 64).
In this way it may be possible for the first phone to receive a file even though the link quality is poor. In this case, the second phone may have better reception quality.
One embodiment may allow a higher rate of transferring a set of data to a wireless communication device, than what may be allowed otherwise. In one embodiment, a wireless communication device may be assisted by neighboring devices and may correct any deficient parts of the set of data it itself receives. One embodiment may be implemented at low cost without any substantial changes to the hardware of the wireless communication device by using already existing units.
A wireless communication device, when communicating with the network, may signal the link quality, and that link quality may be used for the data transfer. This link quality may be the BER, which directly influences the speed with which a file is downloaded. It may be possible that the first phone informs the network of the fact that the file transfer is a neighbor assisted file transfer and perhaps the number of neighboring terminals that are assisting in the downloading of the file. In this case the network may assume a different lower BER than what is being signaled and therefore the file transfer may be speeded up. As an alternative, it may be possible that the functionality provided by the first control unit 36 considers the number of neighboring devices that assist in the file transfer and then orders the first network communicating unit 30 to adjust the BER that it reports to the network accordingly, e.g., that it reports a lower BER than it actually perceives, in order to take account of the fact that it may get assistance. By allowing a higher BER, it may be possible to receive the data file at a higher speed. In practice it may mean that the network codes the data using fewer chips per bit. Thereby, the first phone may receive data with a higher BER. The second phone may also receive data with a higher BER. By combining these two streams with a higher BER, a bit stream with acceptable error rate may be obtained.
It may be possible to modify the above described embodiments. It may be possible that the first control unit analyses the data it receives first and only requests the neighboring phone to supply data it has not properly received. This request may be sent over the neighbor device interface. The second phone then replies by only sending the requested data and nothing else, which may be combined with the correctly receive parts of the file in the first phone. Here, it may be possible that the combining may be made fairly infrequently, e.g. once every second.
In one embodiment, different parts of the data set may be sent to the portable communications device and the neighboring device. The portable communications device may receive the part of the data set from the neighboring device and combine the parts to form the full data set.
It should be realized that embodiments may not limited to file download. Embodiments may be applied for file upload. In this case, it may be possible that the first and second base stations 10 and 12 of FIG. 1 use the same principles for combining a data file uploaded from, for example, the first phone 20. Thus, in this case, the wireless communication devices may be base stations.
The control units in the phones according one embodiment may be provided in the form of one or more processors with corresponding memory containing the program code for performing the functions of these units. This program code can also be provided on one or more computer program products such as a CD ROM disc 72 as depicted in FIG. 6, which may perform a method consistent with one embodiment when loaded into a phone having suitable processing capabilities. Naturally other types of products can be provided for this, such as, for example, a removable memory like a memory stick. The computer program product can also be provided as software, which is downloaded remotely from a server either outside or inside the cellular network or be downloaded via a computer like a PC to which the phone is temporarily connected.
In one embodiment, a higher rate of transferring a set of data to a wireless communication device may be achieved. In one embodiment, the wireless communication device may get assisted by neighboring devices and may correct any deficient parts of the set of data it itself receives. In one embodiment, diversity may be implemented at low cost without any substantial changes to the hardware of such a device.
In one embodiment, multiple antennas may be provided on one portable communications device. One embodiment may exploit antenna diversity functionality for the reception, e.g., for small-sized portable communication devices.
There are a number of further variations that can be made to the embodiments described in addition to those already mentioned. It may be, for example, possible that a request for aid is not sent to a neighboring device, but that the users of the two devices talk to each other and exchange information for assisted downloading. The user of the second wireless device may then manually enter information or start a neighbor assisting download client function, which may then receive the file in parallel with the requesting device and send the relevant parts of this file to the requesting device.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the specific form set forth herein. Rather, the scope of the present invention is limited only by the accompanying claims.
1. A method for receiving, from a server in a network, a set of data at a first wireless communication device via a base station connected to the network, the method comprising:
detecting, via a Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface of the first wireless communication device, at least one second wireless communication device within a communication area associated with the base station;
sending, via the Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface, a request to the at least one second wireless communication device to obtain the set of data from the server via the base station;
receiving, via the Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface, an acceptance of the request, by a number of the at least one second communication device;
sending, over the network, an indication of the number of the at least one second communication device to obtain the set of data from the server via the base station;
sending link quality data over a wireless network interface indicating a link quality based on the number of the at least one second communication device, where the indicated link quality is different than a link quality associated with the wireless network interface;
receiving, first data, of the set of data, transferred from the base station, via the wireless network interface of the first wireless communication device, wherein a transfer rate associated with the first data is based on the indication of the number of the at least one second communication device, and where the received first data is transferred from the base station with a quality corresponding to the indicated link quality;
determining that the first data does not include an entirety of the set of data;
receiving at least second data, of the set of data, forwarded from the number of the at least one second wireless communication device via the Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface; and
combining the first data with the second data to obtain the entirety of the set of data.
sending, via the Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface, reception enabling data to the number of the at least one second wireless communication device, wherein the reception enabling data includes one of encryption data or coding keys for the set of data.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second data differs from the first data, the method further comprising:
requesting the number of the at least one second wireless communication device to provide the second data without data corresponding to the first data, of the set of data, to the first wireless communication device.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein receiving the second data, of the set of data, from the number of the at least one second wireless communication device comprises receiving the entirety of the set of data.
5. A wireless communication device comprising:
a wireless network interface associated with a base station connected to a wireless wide area network (WAN),
a Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface for interfacing with neighboring wireless communication devices,
a network communication unit for communicating over the first wireless network interface,
a neighbor communication unit for communication with neighboring wireless communication devices via the Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface, and
a control unit configured to:
detect, via the Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface, at least one neighboring wireless communication device within a communication area associated with the base station,
send, via the Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface, a request to the at least one neighboring wireless communication device to obtain the set of data from the wireless WAN via the base station,
receive, via the Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface, an acceptance, of the request, by a number of the at least one neighboring communication device,
send, over the wireless WAN, an indication of the number of the at least one neighboring communication device to obtain the set of data from the wireless WAN via the base station,
send, over the wireless network interface, link quality data that indicates a link quality that is based on the number of the at least one neighboring communication device, where the indicated link quality is different than a link quality that exists over the wireless network interface;
receive first data, of the set of data, transferred from the base station, via the wireless network interface of the first wireless communication device, wherein a transfer rate associated with the first data is based on the indication of the number of the at least one neighboring communication device, and where the received first data is transferred from the base station with a link quality that corresponds to the indicated link quality;
determine that the first data does not include an entirety of the set of data,
receive at least second data, of the set of data, forwarded from the number of the at least one neighboring wireless communication device via the Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface, and
combine the first data with the second data to obtain the entirety of the set of data.
6. The wireless communication device according to claim 5, wherein the control unit is further configured to send, via the Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface, reception enabling data to the number of the at least one neighboring wireless communication device, wherein the reception enabling data includes one of encryption data or coding keys for the set of data.
7. The wireless communication device according to claim 5, wherein the second data differs from the first data and the control unit is further configured to request the number of the at least one neighboring wireless communication device to provide the second data without data corresponding to the first data, of the set of data, to the wireless communication device.
8. The wireless communication device according to claim 5, wherein said control unit, when receiving the second data, of the set of data, from the number of the at least one neighboring wireless communication device, is configured to receive the entirety of the set of data.
9. The wireless communication device according to claim 5, wherein the wireless communication device is a portable communication device.
10. The wireless communication device according to claim 9, wherein the wireless communication device is a cellular phone.
11. The wireless communication device according to claim 5, wherein the wireless communication device is a base station of a wireless WAN.
12. A computer program product for receiving, from a server in a network, a set of data at a first wireless communication device via a base station connected to a wireless wide area network, comprising:
computer software, configured to make the wireless communication device perform, when said software is executed by the first wireless communication device,
detect, via a Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface of the first wireless communication device, at least one second wireless communication device within a communication area associated with the base station,
send, via the Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface, a request to the at least one second wireless communication device to obtain the set of data from the server via the base station,
receive, via the Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface, an acceptance, of the request, by a number of the at least one second communication device,
send, over the network, an indication of the number of the at least one second communication device to obtain the set of data from the server via the base station,
send link quality data over the wireless network interface indicating a link quality based on the number of the at least one second communication device, where the indicated link quality is different than a link quality associated with the wireless network interface;
receive first data, of the set of data, transferred from the base station, via a wireless interface, where the received first data is transferred from the base station with a quality corresponding to the indicated link quality;
receive at least second data, of the set of data, forwarded from the number of the at least one second wireless communication device via the Bluetooth-enabled or infrared-enabled interface, and
US11/750,741 2007-05-18 2007-05-18 Neighbouring device aiding in receiving sets of data Expired - Fee Related US8009651B2 (en)
US11/750,741 US8009651B2 (en) 2007-05-18 2007-05-18 Neighbouring device aiding in receiving sets of data
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PCT/EP2007/062379 WO2008141680A1 (en) 2007-05-18 2007-11-15 Neighbouring device aid in receiving sets of data
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Owner name: SONY ERICSSON MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS AB, SWEDEN
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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BENGTSSON, HENRIK;LARSSON, BO;LINDOFF, MATS;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070625 TO 20070813;REEL/FRAME:020016/0020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Religious Expression or Social Service Program: Homes for the Homeless Lie in the Balance
Martin Levine
Credit: Nicolás Boullosa
May 17, 2017; Tennessean
The Village at Glencliff, an innovative effort to develop a tiny-home community as an answer to homelessness, continues to face opposition as it moves forward.
As described in an earlier NPQ newswire, Glencliff is designed to house up to 20 people at great risk of dying if they remain on the streets. Opponents are claiming that it was a mistake to approve the project and are asking the Nashville Metro Board of Zoning Appeals to deny approval to any further development.
Over the last several months, the project has driven a wedge between neighbors in the Glencliff area. It's spurred debate and argument on social media, and spilled offline into a couple of community meetings, as well as a Sunday morning protest of the project and a counter-demonstration outside the church.
The project is a joint effort by Open Table, a local social service agency, and the Glencliff United Methodist Church, which will build the tiny-home community on six acres of undeveloped land on the church's property. From the perspective of church leaders, the project is a clear expression of their religious mission. Rev. Sandra Griggs, pastor of Glencliff United Methodist, told the Tennessean that the project resonates with the congregation: "It's part of their faith to take care of each other and to share what they have. They have this piece of underutilized property. It's a part of who we are as a Methodist church. It's the call to love God and neighbor."
According to the Tennessean, when it approved the project, the zoning board relied on both federal and state legislation that requires zoning laws to respect religious expression:
The federal Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act[,] also called RLUIPA…protect[s] places of worship from discrimination and burdensome zoning rules. The Tennessee Religious Restoration Act…which mandates that local governments cannot curtail religious exercise when it applies land use regulations, offers stronger protections than the federal one.
Yesterday, the board was scheduled to hear an appeal from the Memphis Metro Council member who represents the neighborhood where the project is located. Reflecting opposition from some of his constituents, he sees the project as a social service program sponsored by Open Table, and therefore one not permitted under the city's zoning ordinances.
Opponents have focused their objections on process issues. Rather than consider this a church project, zoning officials should have treated it as a request for a zoning variance by a social service organization and required Open Table to work with the community to reach a compromise before granting approval.
Dayle Ward, who has lived a little more than a mile from the church for 14 years, said her biggest problem with the project is the lack of community input. She also feels the planning for it has been haphazard. "What they did was rather than reaching out to the community they did all of this behind our backs," Ward said. "They dumped it in our lap and basically said, 'You have to accept it.'"
When the zoning appeal is heard, the crux of the matter will be whether the project belongs to the church or to Open Table.—Martin Levine
Martin Levine is a Principal at Levine Partners LLP, a consulting group focusing on organizational change and improvement, realigning service system to allow them to be more responsive and effective. Prior to forming Levine Partners, Mr. Levine served the CEO of JCC Chicago creating a purpose driven organization, continuously realigning service and management systems to responsively and effectively fulfill JCC Chicago's mission. Over the past 35 years Mr. Levine made major contributions to the transformation of JCC Chicago to its present position as a pre-eminent JCC in North America. Mr. Levine focused on strengthening the JCC's effectiveness as a Jewish Community Building and Jewish Educational organization dedicated to "Bringing Jewish Values to Life" in all aspects of JCC programs and services. Mr. Levine was been responsible for the development of new facilities as part of JCC Chicago's response to the changing demography of the Metropolitan Jewish Community. In addition, Mr. Levine had responsibility for guiding the Chicago JCC's integration of its service and business strategies into a holistic approach. In addition to his JCC responsibilities, Mr. Levine served as a consultant on organizational change and improvement to school districts and community organizations. Mr. Levine has published several articles on change and has presented at numerous conferences on this subject. Mr. Levine held membership in many professional organizations including the Association of Jewish Center Professionals (Board member), Association for the Advancement of Social Work with Groups, Association for Quality and Participation, and the Future Search Alliance. A native of New York City, Mr. Levine is a graduate of City College of New York (BS in Biology) and Columbia University (MSW). He has trained with the Future Search and the Deming Institute. Mr. Levine served as President of the Gan Project, an organization committed to engaging communities in locally and ethically produced food.
San Francisco Nonprofit Keeps Building after Struggle with Former Tenant
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By Meredith Betz
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98 and Leaving Home: A United Way Ditches Its Building
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Jersey-Friendly plants offer myriad benefits to wildlife. Learn how to use the Jersey-Friendly Yards website to design a garden or yard that will attract and support birds, bees, butterflies and other wildlife. FREE Jersey-Friendly plants for the first 20 registered attendees.
REGISTER: email Becky Laboy [email protected] or call (609) 971-7002 ext. 114, or complete this Registration Form.
PROGRAM LOCATION: Lighthouse Center for Natural Resource Education, 7th Street & Navajo Drive, Waretown, NJ 08758.
Program funded by The Watershed Institute.


Yang, J., Jiang, Y. and Guo, Y. (2015). Measuring Blood-brain-barrier Permeability Using Evans Blue in Mice. Bio-protocol 5(15): e1548. DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.1548.
Yang, J. X., Hua, L., Li, Y. Q., Jiang, Y. Y., Han, D., Liu, H., Tang, Q. Q., Yang, X. N., Yin, C., Hao, L. Y., Yu, L., Wu, P., Shao, C. J., Ding, H. L., Zhang, Y. M. and Cao, J. L. (2015). Caveolin-1 in the anterior cingulate cortex modulates chronic neuropathic pain via regulation of NMDA receptor 2B subunit. J Neurosci 35(1): 36-52.
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective permeability barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid in the central nervous system. The blood–brain barrier allows the passage of water, some gases, and lipid soluble molecules by passive diffusion, as well as the selective transport of molecules such as glucose and amino acids that are crucial to neural function. This protocol provides a full, detailed method for measuring blood-brain-barrier permeability of mice with Evans blue (EB), that leakage was used to assess blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability (sample: Anterior Cingulate Cortex, ACC).
Mice were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (0.3 ml/100 g, i. p.).
Injected Evans Blue (EB) (2%, 2 ml/kg) from caudal vein 0.5 h before perfusion. EB leakage was used to assess blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.
Mice were transcardially perfused with 0.9% NaCl until the perfusate from the right atrium ran clear.
Mice were directly beheaded, stripping brain tissue on the ice, taking the region before bregma 2.34 mm, after bregma 0.22 mm and aside the middle line 0.6 mm of the cerebral cortex on a cooled culture dish lined before experiment with a knife, which was we focus on the ACC area of the brain. The obtained ACC area was placed in the Eppendorf container cooled on the ice.
Each sample was weighed and then homogenized in 0.75 ml of PBS and 0.25 ml of 100% TCA solution, which could precipitate macromolecular compounds, including the nucleoprotein, using electronic homogeniser.
Samples were cooled overnight at 4 °C, and then centrifuged for 30 min at 1,000 x g at 4 °C.
The EB in the supernatants of each sample were subsequently measured at 620 nm using a 96-well plate reader, 100 μl of each sample was measured. All measurements were within the range of detection established by the standard curve.
The dye concentration was calculated as the ratio of absorbance relative to the amount of tissue.
This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81070888 and 81230025 to J.-L.C., 81200859 to H.-L.D. 81202320 to Y. -B. G.), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Education Department (13KJB320024 to J.-X.Y.), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2011198 to J.-L.C.), The Scientific Innovation Group of "Qing Lan Project" of Jiangsu Province (to J.-L.C.), and Jiangsu Provincial Special Program of Medical Science (BL2014029). We thank Wen-Zhen Duan, Heng Cai, and Tian-Hui Gao for administrative assistance.
Dickstein, D. L., Biron, K. E., Ujiie, M., Pfeifer, C. G., Jeffries, A. R. and Jefferies, W. A. (2006). Abeta peptide immunization restores blood-brain barrier integrity in Alzheimer disease. FASEB J 20(3): 426-433.
Harford-Wright, E., Lewis, K. M., Ghabriel, M. N. and Vink, R. (2014). Treatment with the NK1 antagonist emend reduces blood brain barrier dysfunction and edema formation in an experimental model of brain tumors. PLoS One 9(5): e97002.


text:
Q: "Object {} has no method 'cast' error" when trying to add item to mongoose array I'm trying to create a todo app using node.js, mongoose and backbone for learning purposes.
Up till now I defined these models:
var TaskSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
    title: { type:String },
    content: { type:String } ,
    created: {type:Date, 'default':Date.now},
    due: {type:Date},
    accountId: {type:mongoose.Schema.ObjectId}
});

var Task = mongoose.model('Task',TaskSchema);

var AccountSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
    email: { type:String, unique: true},
    password: { type:String } ,
    name: { first: {type:String},
        last: { type:String } },
    birthday: {
        day: {type:Number, min:1, max:31, required:false},
        month: {type:Number, min:1, max:12, required:false},
        year: {type:Number}

    },
    photoUrl: {type:String},
    biography:{type:String},
    tasks:[Task]
});

var Account = mongoose.model('Account',AccountSchema);

In addition, I also have the following method for adding a task:
var enter_new_task = function(options,callback){
    var title = options.title;
    var content = options.content;
    var due = options.due;
    var account = options.account;
    var task = new Task({
        title: title,
        content: content,
        due: due,
        accountId: account._id
    });
    account.tasks.push(task);
    account.save(function(err) {
        if ( err ) {
            console.log("Error while saving task: " + err);
        }else{
            callback();
        }
    })
}

But when I indeed add a task, I get an error that says:

"Object {} has no method 'cast'"

With the following stack trace:
   at Array.MongooseArray._cast (/home/lior/workspace/todo_express/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/array.js:107:30)
    at Object.map (native)
    at Array.MongooseArray.push (/home/lior/workspace/todo_express/node_modules/mongoose/lib/types/array.js:261:23)
    at Object.enter_new_task (/home/lior/workspace/todo_express/models/Account.js:107:17)
    at /home/lior/workspace/todo_express/app.js:104:18
    at Promise.<anonymous> (/home/lior/workspace/todo_express/models/Account.js:41:4)
    at Promise.<anonymous> (/home/lior/workspace/todo_express/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/mpromise/lib/promise.js:162:8)
    at Promise.EventEmitter.emit (events.js:95:17)
    at Promise.emit (/home/lior/workspace/todo_express/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/mpromise/lib/promise.js:79:38)
    at Promise.fulfill (/home/lior/workspace/todo_express/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/mpromise/lib/promise.js:92:20)
9

It seems that the problem is with the line that the new task to the tasks array.
Couldn't find anything on google or stack so I wonder, does anyone have an idea about what went wrong?
Thanks!

A: The error is in the AccountSchema definition. A subdocument type should be a schema, not a model.
var AccountSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
    //...
    tasks:[TaskSchema]
});

A: Alternatively, if you don't have direct access to your schema, and only have access to the model, you can access the model's schema with dot notation like this:
var AccountSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
    //...
    tasks:[Task.schema]
});

This is helpful if you've defined your schema in another file and are using something like this:
module.exports = mongoose.model('Task', TaskSchema);


It is really essential that you decide on a style for the outdoor garage lanterns. In case you do not completely have to have a unique theme, it will help you make a choice of what lanterns to find also exactly what styles of color choices and styles to have. Then there are inspiration by browsing through on website pages, going through furniture catalogs and magazines, visiting some home furniture marketplace then making note of decors that you like.
Find the best space then put the lanterns in an area that is proportional size to the outdoor garage lanterns, this is related to the it's function. For instance, if you would like a spacious lanterns to be the highlights of an area, then you will need to put it in a space that is definitely visible from the interior's entrance places and try not to overflow the furniture item with the house's style.
There are numerous positions you possibly can insert your lanterns, in that case consider with reference to position areas and also categorize objects according to dimensions, color style, subject and also theme. The size and style, appearance, variant also amount of components in your living space will possibly recognized the best way that they should be organised and to obtain visual of which way they relate with every other in dimension, variety, subject, themes also color selection.
Identify your outdoor garage lanterns the way it effects a portion of energy to your living area. Your selection of lanterns generally displays your special characteristics, your own tastes, your personal dreams, bit question then that not only the choice of lanterns, and as well its proper placement needs a lot more attention. Trying a bit of skills, you can discover outdoor garage lanterns that fits all from your requires and purposes. Make sure that you evaluate the accessible room, set ideas from your own home, and so understand the elements we had require for your perfect lanterns.
On top of that, don't be worried to play with various style, color combined with design. Even when an individual furniture of uniquely vibrant furnishings could seem unusual, you will learn strategies to combine furniture to one another to make them suite to the outdoor garage lanterns in a good way. Even while using color choice is generally permitted, make sure to do not make a space that have no impressive color and style, as it will make the space or room become irrelative also disordered.
Describe your entire main subject with outdoor garage lanterns, consider whether you will enjoy your theme a long period from today. In case you are on a tight budget, take into consideration dealing with the things you already have, look at all your lanterns, then find out if you possibly can re-purpose them to go with the new theme. Redecorating with lanterns is an effective solution to give your home a unique look. Put together with your individual options, it will help to find out some ways on beautifying with outdoor garage lanterns. Continue to all of your preference at the time you take into consideration alternative style and design, pieces of furniture, and also accent preference and then enhance to establish your interior a relaxing and attractive one.
In addition, it is sensible to categorize things based from theme also theme. Rearrange outdoor garage lanterns as needed, that will allow you to really feel they are surely welcoming to the attention and they be a good move undoubtedly, basing on their functions. Use a place that currently is proportional in dimension also arrangement to lanterns you want place. Depending on whether the outdoor garage lanterns is a single part, multiple units, a center point or perhaps a concern of the space's other characteristics, it is very important that you keep it somehow that gets influenced by the space's size also design.
Based on the chosen effect, you better keep common color selections grouped along side each other, or possibly you may like to diversify patterns in a strange pattern. Spend big awareness of ways in which outdoor garage lanterns connect to each other. Huge lanterns, popular objects is actually well balanced with smaller sized and even less important items.


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Pramit Jhaveri is an Indian banker and ex-CEO of Citi. He served as Citi's India CEO from 2010 to 2019 and is the longest-serving India chief of the bank. Prior to his role as CEO, Pramit set up Citi's investment banking business in India.

In 2019, he was elevated to the position of Vice Chairman - Banking, Capital Markets and Advisory (BCMA), Asia Pacific, Citi with the responsibility of enhancing key client relationships in the region.

Early life
Pramit was born in Mumbai in the family of a jeweler businessman. Pramit completed his schooling from Campion School, Mumbai and earned his Bachelor of Commerce from Sydenham College in Mumbai. He holds an MBA specialising in finance and economics from Simon Business School of the University of Rochester, which is located in New York, United States.

Career
Pramit's joined Citi India in 1987 as a campus recruit from the Simon School of Business. He served Citi in various roles and became the CEO heading Citi India business in 2010.

In 2016, Pramit was made the Cluster Head for South Asia with oversight of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

Citi was also repeatedly recognized as the best foreign bank in the country during this time.

Associations
Pramit is also Managing Director and Head of India Investment Banking at Citigroup Global Markets India Private Limited.

Pramit is a Director on the Global Board of U.S.-India Business Council, and Pratham Education Foundation. He is also on the Board of Trustees of India Foundation for the Arts and on the Council of Advisors for American India Foundation.

Awards
In 2016, Pramit received the Distinguished Alumnus Award from his alma mater Simon School of Business, University of Rochester, USA.

Family
Pramit is married to Mukeeta, and they have a son, Prithvir, and a daughter, Nynika. Mukeeta was an investment banker with Merrill Lynch and quit her job after marriage. Pramit, along with his family, lives in Mumbai.

Pramit is an avid tennis player and art collector.

References

Living people
Indian chief executives
Businesspeople from Mumbai
Indian bankers
Year of birth missing (living people)