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commonly process of iron in machaninig
Iron Mining Process. From blasting to crushing to separationmore than 85 of the iron mined in the United States is mined in northeastern Minnesota to make our nation s steel. Blasting Taconite is a very hard rock. Using explosives the taconite is blasted into small pieces.
During the period of the colonization of the New World production of wrought iron by the indirect process pig-iron that would be hammered out into wrought iron at the forge was coming into increasing popularity particularly in northern Europe the Low Countries Sweden and Britain.
This article gives an overview of metal fabrication looks into some of the more common processes classified under metal fabrication and offers considerations for choosing a custom fabricator for a
Common materials used to manufacture cement include limestone shells and chalk or marl combined with shale clay slate blast furnace slag silica sand and iron ore. These ingredients when heated at high temperatures form a rock-like substance that is ground into the fine powder that we commonly
Start studying Machining Final Exam. Learn vocabulary terms and more with flashcards games and other study tools. Search. the following is not a common ingredient in most types of steel Uranium. The study of involves metal that use iron as their basic ingredient Which steel making process is used for making the highest grades
The presence of magnesium causes the graphite to form in a spheroid shape as opposed to the flakes of gray iron. Composition control is very important in the manufacturing process. Small amounts of impurities such as sulfur and oxygen react with the magnesium affecting the
The most commonly applied process for steel-making is the integrated steel-making process via the Blast FurnaceBasic Oxygen Furnace. In the basic oxygen furnace the iron is combined with varying amounts of steel scrap (less than 30 ) and small amounts of flux.
Iron making is the process of Reduction of iron ore using the relevant reducing agent (Reductant). These are parameters which are normally used to judge the operational efficiency/effectiveness of iron steel making processes in the steel plants. Most commonly used parameters are
Steel Making Processes
Jan 17 2019 · Coal is a mineral consisting mainly of sedimentary fossilized carbon with smaller amounts of other elements such as sulfur hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and more. Coal is found under the earth
Direct reduction Scrap Ladle (Refining) Electric arc furnace (Steelmaking) Iron Ore Pellets Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Continuous casting Design by Blisscommunication / Cover photo ThyssenKrupp Steel / Tubes photo Salzgitter The process shown above is illustrative only and is not designed to show the steelmaking process in detail.
Processes of Grey Iron Castings. Commonly used process for grey iron castings in the market is produced by sand casting. The processes using sand as the mold media have a somewhat similar effect on the rate of solidification of the casting while the permanent mold process has a very marked effect on structure and properties.
The figure shows a flowchart of the integrated manufacturing process for iron and steel using the blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace (denoted BF and BOF hereinafter respectively) which is presently the most commonly used method (51 of world steel production).
The Manufacturing Process Preparing the grain 1 Grain is received at the cereal factory inspected and cleaned. It may be used in the form of whole grains or it may require further processing. Often the whole grain is crushed between large metal rollers to remove the outer layer of bran.
Tablet manufacturing processs and defects of tablets. Blister packs are a common form of packaging used for a wide variety of products. They are safe and easy to use and they allow the
Sep 04 2018 · steel manufacturing (courtesy of Corus) from start to finish including iron making steel making (BOS and EAF) secondary steel making continuous casting and rolling and tube manufacture.
Author MetallurgyData
Apr 27 2015 · Production of iron and steel 1. 4/27/2015 1 What is Materials Science and Engineering • Materials Scienceemphasis on relationships between synthesis and processing structure and properties • Materials Engineeringemphasis on transforming materials into useful devices or structures.
The process of heat treatment involves the use of heating or cooling usually to extreme temperatures to achieve the desired result. It is a very important manufacturing processes that can not only help the manufacturing process but can also improve product its performance and its characteristics in
Iron ore is produced in around 30 countriesin 2017 the largest producers were Australia Brazil and China. Around 98 of iron ore is used in steel-making. During the iron-making process a blast furnace is fed with the iron ore coke and small quantities of fluxes (minerals such as limestone which are used to collect impurities).
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Jul 29 2014 · RSNZ Big Science Documentary Making Competition 2006 entry by Pukekohe High School students Tim Alec Allen.
Author Allen Crimmins
Nov 13 2016 · What is commonly called STEEL can refer to a variety of alloy types depending upon the amount of carbon present in the alloy. The carbon content affects properties such as the alloy s hardness strength and malleability. Specialized steel alloys
Nickel processing preparation of the metal for use in various products. Although it is best known for its use in coinage nickel (Ni) has become much more important for its many industrial applications which owe their importance to a unique combination of properties. Nickel has a relatively high
Jun 21 2016 · Primary Steel making Process. It is the process of making steel from carbon-rich molten pig iron. The process was introduced and developed in 1948 by Robert Durrer. However VOEST and OAMG commercialized this method in 1952–53. The name LD converter came after the name of the two Austrian towns Linz and Donawitz.
One of the most common Pipe Fittings Manufacturing Process for manufacturing Elbows from the pipe is mandrel method which is kind of hot forming methods. In this method the pipe is cut in pieces and push with the help of hydraulic ram. Induction heating coil heats the pipe and it is pushed over a die called "mandrel" which allows the pipe
Wrought Iron Process. Wrought iron is produced by pummeling the pig iron using mechanically driven hammers in a wrought iron works. This process prepares it for the next stage which is the heating and forging to the desired wrought iron designs and shapes. This used to be an art of the blacksmith but is now normally carried out by machines.
The last most common manufacturing process is called calendaring which works by forcing softened material into the center of counter-rotating rollers. Rollers compact the material and the overall thickness of the product is determined by the gap distance between cylinders which can be adjusted for varying product thicknesses.
Nov 13 2017 · Iron has long been the preferred catalyst for ammonia production. Using a method known as the Haber Process nitrogen and hydrogen gasses can be passed over four beds of catalytic material to convert at a rate of almost 97 . Finely ground iron powder is the most cost-effective easy to obtain catalyst for use in this process on an industrial scale.
In HIsarna ironmaking process iron ore is processed almost directly into liquid iron or hot metal. The process is based around a type of blast furnace called a cyclone converter furnace which makes it possible to skip the process of manufacturing pig iron pellets that is necessary for the basic oxygen steelmaking process.
Horizontal is the most common type used in industry. cast iron (d) cast steel or (e) zinc alloys (c) cast iron. YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE Chapter 11 Review 18 Terms. JRBN J. Manufacturing Process Mid Term 124 Terms. Texantagonise. Modern Manufacturing Midterm 60 Terms. johnsomm. Chapter 11 Metal Casting 127 Terms. amcavoy999.
Zinc processing the extraction of zinc from its ores and the preparation of zinc metal or chemical compounds for use in various products. Zinc (Zn) is a metallic element of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal structure and a density of 7.13 grams per cubic centimetre. It has only moderate
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It's been almost a year and a half since I read The Abyss Surrounds Us, but within a few pages of The Edge of the Abyss, I was sucked back into Cas's world of pirates and sea monsters. This was a fantastic conclusion to a well-written, action-packed sci-fi adventure in a world that's easy to imagine.
Picking up shortly after where the first book ended, Cas has left her life as a Reckoner trainer and sworn allegiance to the totally badass pirate queen, Santa Elena. As one of Santa Elena's chosen few, she's in training to one day take over as captain of the Minnow. Her one advantage is an extensive knowledge of Reckoners, which puts her at the forefront when the crew discover the rogue Reckoners that are swimming free in the NeoPacific and could cause irreparable damage in many ways.
I loved how The Edge of the Abyss built on The Abyss Surrounds Us. In this book, we get to see more of the pirates themselves and learn about pirate politics, which was fascinating. We get to see more growth from Cas, and we also get to see more of the secondary characters, which I liked. They became real people for me in this book, a true supporting cast.
I have slightly mixed feelings about the romance in this one. On the one hand, I understand Cas's hurt and anger and being unsure whether she can forgive Swift for the things that came to light at the end of the first book. She and Swift are finally on equal footing, but so much has happened that seems impossible to get past. Their relationship was always complex, and I appreciated the slow burn of it, but there was almost too much back and forth. Cas has a lot to deal with besides her feelings for Swift - guilt over leaving her life and family behind, uncertainty over her future, trying to figure out a plan to deal with the Reckoners - so while I would have easily understood the romance not being a main focus of the plot, the way it was handled makes the plot feel choppy at times. That being said, the emotions were realistic. Their romance was never hearts and rainbows, full of mushy sentiments and pledges of eternal love, and that made it more realistic than a lot of other YA romances because young love is often rocky and uncertain and confusing. I was ultimately satisfied and I appreciated how things ended, but the rocky ride was a bit tiresome at times.
The Edge of the Abyss is fast paced, engaging, and full of thrilling action and great characters. I'd love to see this duology turned into a movie or TV series.
Have you read The Abyss Surrounds Us or The Edge of the Abyss? What did you think? If you haven't read them, do you plan to? Do you have any recommendations for books featuring pirates?


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Q: Rational functions with a special symmetry Let $f\colon \mathbb{C} \to \mathbb{C}$ be a rational function that satisfies the following property:
$$
f(x) = f(-1/x),\ \  \forall x\in\mathbb{C}.
$$
I wonder whether functions with this property have been studied in the math (or related areas) literature and, in particular, if there are problems in which this class of functions plays a role. If so, pointers to the literature are very welcome. Thanks in advance for any comment.

A: Geometry
$g:z\mapsto -1/z$ is a reflection at the unit circle $S$, and it maps $S$ to itself.  It's an isometry on the Riemann sphere $\Bbb C\cup\{\infty\}$ that maps the southern hemisphere (interior of the unit disc) to the northern hemisphere (exterior of the unit disc) and vice versa.
Thus, applying $f$ will assign values to the sphere such that the resulting sphere has similarly "colored" southern and northern hemisphere.  $g$ has two fixed-points, namely $\pm i$, which means that on the Riemann sphere, $g$ represents a rotation of 180° around the axis that runs through $+i$ and $-i$.
Thus, $f$ are the rational functions on the Riemann sphere that are symmetric when rotated 180° around that axis.
Representation
Let $f(z) = c\cdot a(z) / b(z)$ be such a rational function with monic polynomials $a$ and $b$ for numerator and denominator, respectively.
$f$ can be represented by its zeros and poles, and due to the symmetry
$$f(z) = f(-1/z)\tag 1$$
whenever $f$ has a zero of some order at $a_k$, then it has also a zero of that same order at $-1/a_k$, and similar for the poles of $f$, i.e. for the zeros $b_k$ of $b$. This means we can write $a$ and $b$ as:
$$\begin{align}
a(z) &= \prod_{k=1}^n (z-a_k)(z+1/a_k)
     = \prod_{k=1}^n (z^2+{\tilde a}_k z -1) \\
b(z) &= \prod_{k=1}^m (z-b_k)(z+1/b_k)
     = \prod_{k=1}^m (z^2+{\tilde b}_k z -1) \\ \tag 2
\end{align}$$
with $\tilde z = 1/z-z$. The sets of zeros and poles are disjoint, i.e. $\gcd(a,b) = 1$, and terms are repeated according to their multiplicity, i.e. the degrees of $a$ and $b$ are $\partial a = 2n$ and $\partial b = 2m$, respectively.
Moreover, in order not to handle poles and zeros twice, we need some additional restriction over which zeros and poles we extend $(2)$, say
$$|a_k|\leqslant 1\ \text{ and }\ (0\leqslant \arg a_k <\pi \text{ if } |a_k| = 1) \tag 3$$
and similar for the $b_k$.
The representation $(2)$ can only handle zeros and poles that are neither at $0$ nor at $\infty$, however the behaviour at $\infty$ is already given by the degrees of $a$ and $b$, and we can handle the cases $0$ and $\infty$ by multiplying $f$ with a factor $z^j$:
$$f(z)=c\,z^j\,\frac{a(z)}{b(z)}$$
Then $f$ has a zero of order $j$ at $z=0$ and it must also have a zero of order $j$ at $\infty$, that is $j = \partial b - (j + \partial a)$ and thus $j=(\partial b -\partial a)/2 = m-n$. The same reasoning catches poles at $z=0$ so that finally
$$\begin{align}
f(z) &= c\, z^{m-n}\,\frac{a(z)}{b(z)} \\
     &= c\, z^{m-n}\,\frac{\prod_{k=1}^n (z^2+{\tilde a}_kz -1)}{\prod_{k=1}^m (z^2+{\tilde b}_kz -1)} \tag 4\\
     &= c\, \frac{\prod_{k=1}^n (z+{\tilde a}_k -1/z)}{\prod_{k=1}^m (z+{\tilde b}_k -1/z)} \tag 5\\
\end {align}$$
The usual representation of a rational function as fraction of polynomials is given by $(4)$.  Representation $(5)$ is closely related to the functional equation $(1)$.

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Level 1 Kits are designed primarily for the street, although they have been engineered to handle track duty as well. They include painted StopTech ST42 4-piston calipers front or rear, with the front kits using 282x28 mm 2-pc rotors and the rear kits using 290x24 mm 1-pc rotors with e-coated black hats.
Level 2 Kits can be driven on street or track. Front kits use anodized StopTech ST43 4-piston calipers and 2-pc 282x28 mm rotors with black hats. Rear kits feature anodized StopTech ST42 4-piston calipers and 1-pc 290x24 mm rotors with e-coated black hats.
Level 2a Kits are front and rear upgrade options for track only vehicles. The front kits use full Trophy finish StopTech STR43 4-piston calipers and 2-pc 282x28 mm rotors with Trophy finish hard anodized hats. The rear kits eliminate the parking brake and include full Trophy finish StopTech STR42 4-piston calipers and 2-pc 290x22 mm rotors with Trophy finish hard anodized hats.
Level 3 Kits are for dedicated race cars with larger wheels and tires. These kits eliminate the parking brake. The front kits feature full Trophy finish StopTech STR60 6-piston calipers and 2-pc 332x32 mm rotors with Trophy finish hard anodized hats, while the rear kits use full Trophy finish StopTech STR41 4-piston calipers and 2-pc 328x28 mm rotors with Trophy finish hard anodized hats.
Porsche Brake Kits For Porsches. European or U.S. Brake Kit Deliveries, contact us for details.
StopTech Kits are designed for performance with many kits receiving TUV Approval. UK/European local and U.S. Deliveries.


Stained or discolored teeth are an unfortunate reality that manifests over time. If you are embarrassed by yellowed teeth, a teeth whitening treatment can restore your smile to its most radiant state.
Teeth whitening is not only one of the easiest ways to enhance your smile, but also one of the most effective. At Dr. Robert Milner's Mission Viejo dental office, we are proud to offer our patients both in-office and at-home teeth whitening options to fit the needs and goals of each patient. Read on to learn more about the whitening options we offer.
Can I Benefit From Teeth Whitening?
If you have minor discoloration from drinking coffee daily, you may achieve your desired results with an at-home treatment. At Dr. Milner's dental practice, we offer patients the NiteWhite Deluxe Kit, an advanced whitening system that allows you to whiten your teeth while you sleep or for a few hours during the day. The NiteWhite Deluxe Kit uses an enamel-friendly peroxide gel to fill thin custom bleaching trays that fit the unique shape of your teeth. The carbamide peroxide ingredient in the gel bleaches the tooth without affecting its structure. You will notice that your teeth look better after the first time using the gel, and your teeth will continue to lighten with each treatment. With consistent use, maximum results will appear in two to three weeks.
An at-home whitening treatment does not hurt, but some patients do experience tooth sensitivity. These symptoms typically dissipate within one to three days after completing the treatment. During your consultation with us, our team of dental professionals will carefully go over with you how to use the whitening trays and will be available to answer all of your questions.
For deep stains typically caused by certain medications, tooth decay and trauma, we recommend an in-office whitening treatment. An in-office whitening treatment is ideal for patients who desire a whiter, brighter smile instantly; one in-office treatment can lighten teeth up to eight shades in as little as one hour! And because the treatment is supervised by our licensed dental professionals, you can expect our whitening treatments to be safe and pain-free.
Before each treatment, a member of our trusted dental team will thoroughly clean your teeth to prepare them for treatment. We will then place a rubber shield over the gums to protect them from the bleaching agent. The bleaching agent is applied to the teeth and will remain there for 15 minutes. The bleaching agent works by breaking up stains and discoloration into smaller pieces, which dilutes the concentrate of the stains and lightens the teeth. Depending on the whitening system used, we may use a special LED light to active the bleaching gel. The gel will be removed and then re-applied to your teeth every 15 minutes until the desired result is achieved.
Once your teeth are brighter and whiter, there won't be anything holding you back from smiling. Good oral hygiene is essential in maintaining your dazzling smile, as well as refraining from eating or drinking foods and beverages that could stain your teeth. Occasional touch-up treatments are recommended to maintain your whitening results.
While in-office and at-home whitening treatments differ slightly in how they work, the results are generally the same: a brighter, radiant smile you will be proud to show off. Our team will work with you closely to find the teeth whitening option that best fits your needs and desired cosmetic outcomes. Learn more about our teeth whitening options by scheduling a personal appointment today. Please call Dr. Milner's Mission Viejo dental office at 949-859-8899.


The effervescence of digitisation in the agri-food sector is spilling over to agricultural machinery. Let us recapitulate the innovations shown by industry stakeholders at previous European agricultural machinery fairs. Revealing at the very beginning of this article that most of them are based on IoT technologies, should not come as a surprise. The European Commission estimates 70 - 80% of new farm equipment is built with a precision farming component, relying on network devices.
In this article, we list the most promising examples of what is possible when agricultural machinary is equipped with sensor technology. Our first stop brings us to Paris where SIMA takes place every year. Digital innovations cleared up most prizes at this event. Real-time agronomic and meteorological platforms showed their potential to work with Big Data derived from public as well as local networks. For instance, ARVALIS, an applied agricultural research organization, dedicated to arable crops. It combines data analysis and agronomic algorithms as a major tool to respond to societal challenges. Other exhibitors at this event presented multipurpose applications to boost the interoperability of devices and data alike. This facilitates the collaboration between manufacturers and end-users to generate added value by connecting otherwise underutilised machinery. Another highlight that we witnessed at SIMA were the advancements in autonomous vehicles. Among them were traffic safety systems that proactively inform drivers of networked cars about the position and status of agricultural machinery on their route.
In November 2017, AGRITECHNICA in Germany was the place to be in terms of agricultural machinery. AGCO/Fendt presented its line MARS (Mobile Agricultural Robot Swarms), machines able to sow fields 24/7 while preventing soil compression with their light 40 kg. Other exhibitors focused their efforts on camera systems to identify damaged crops by using drones with 3D cameras and LIDAR imagery. A great tool for insurance purposes to assess the status of crops after climatologic events such as hailstorms, intensive precipitation, night frost, ground softening or flooding. When it comes to the protection of wild life during harvesting seasons, one remarkable example used infrared sensors to identify animals and ultimately prevent accidents.
At the beginning of 2018, a jury awarded innovative technologies at FIMA in Zaragoza. Among the winners was a platform, monitoring the proliferation of phytosanitary products in intensive fruit orchards. With the help of IoT based sensors the treatments are closely monitored, and respective data embedded in a digital platform. Another awarded project introduced sensors into the cabins of machinery to assess driver behaviour. The constant adaptation based on parameters which focus on comfort, security and economy, results in less fuel consumption and extended duration of equipment. In a similar vein, one awarded project relies on satellite data such as GPS and real-time kinematic (RTK) to achieve higher positioning accuracy. In combination with sonar and scanners, such machinery avoids upcoming obstacles all by itself. Against the background of utilizing machine connectivity and data analytics to improve operational efficiency, we conclude our tour with a system that enables manure management by centralizing sensors linked to the cloud on a smartphone application.
As this is only a selection of promising digital innovations in agricultural machinery, we invite you to have a closer look at the events we visited throughout this article.


This high-priority topic is one of ROA's major legislative initiatives for the 115th Congress and we continue to build support in Washington, D.C. To further showcase ROA's broad reach, the legislative team was asked to participate in a conference call with the RAND Corporation last week to discuss their research on the DD-214. Specifically, RAND has been tasked by the U.S. Government with recommending revisions to the 68-year old "Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty" form that often does not fully reflect a Reserve Component member's service. ROA emphasized the inequities that currently exist with the DD-214 for servicemembers, specifically those from the Cold War period.
For more information on ROA's position, click here.


Author(s): Akers, L.A. ; Holly, M.A. ; Lund, C.
The effects of hot carriers on the electrical behavior of small geometry NMOS and PMOS devices are reported. Significant changes in device characteristics are shown to occur even at drain voltages scaled to 3 volts. Scaling the width is shown to cause enhanced hot carrier effects.


Mobility of travelers with disabilities including veterans and older adults is hindered by lack of accessible transportation options. A number of emerging personal mobility options can change this and provide better options for all travelers to get from point a to point b. Whether it be on-demand operations, virtual concierge travel assistance through mobile devices, or assistive robot, research in accessible transportation has gained new momentum in recent years as a result of USDOT research activities in cooperation with other federal & other partners. USDOT is beginning to identify and develop transformative transportation applications for all & those with disabilities.


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Revolution, Season Two, Episode Fifteen: Dreamcatcher
Aaron is still lost in in March of 2014. Priscilla joins him in the kitchen and asks him if he is alright. He says that something is off and that he is forgetting something. The news talks about power outage payloads and when he looks at the television, he sees Dr. Calvin Horn. We get a flash to the proper timeline with Horn and Aaron says that he has seen that guy before. When Priscilla asks who, Aaron points out Horn but admits that he doesn't know where he knows him from. Priscilla encourages Aaron to eat breakfast.
We next see Priscilla and Aaron on the street. Aaron pauses to pull a sandwich out of the garbage and Priscilla tells him to put it back. When Aaron comments that food is hard to find, Priscilla tells him that food is everywhere and that he is not to eat garbage. They continue walking and enter a building together. Once inside, people great him as boss and Aaron is clearly confused. His employees call him into deal with an algorithm that they are having problems with. Aaron gets a flash to the present timeline with himself working on the same algorithm; it's the same one he worked on for the nanos. Aaron says that he doesn't feel like working on it now and turns up the volume on the television. Rachel is giving a speech on nano technology and Aaron says that he knows her. Aaron starts to get flashes of Priscilla and then his knees go weak. When Priscilla asks him what is wrong, Aaron replies that she is not sure that this is real.
Alone, Priscilla questions Aaron about the fact that he lives in a world with no electricity. Priscilla asks for the last thing he remembers and Aaron says that Rachel, Priscilla and Horn were there and that he gets the crap beat out of him constantly. Priscilla soothes him with a kiss and asks if he felt that and Aaron says yes. Aaron admits that if this were a dream, the kiss wouldn't feel real. Priscilla says that she is going to take him home to rest and call the doctor.
Back at home, Aaron flips through the channels on television. He heads to the fridge and grabs a beer savoring the taste. Later in bed, Aaron closes his eyes and says," let this be real please." The next morning, Aaron is up, dressed, and even a touch eager. He tells Priscilla that he is feeling much better and that the blackout was the dream. He adds that they have a real house, cold beer, internet porn and that this is the real world.
Aaron shows up at work and seems in an excellent mood and Mike confirms that they are ready for their big presentation. Aaron heads back to the chalkboard and the code on the whiteboard. Aaron quickly picks out the memory leak but pauses briefly and then starts to write on the board. Charlie appears and uses a cross bow to put an arrow in the throat of Aaron's workers. Charlie orders Aaron to come with her but he balks, so she grabs him forcefully. They run down the stairs together and Aaron refers to her as the belly shirt girl. Charlie tells Aaron that he has to remember everything. Charlie asks Aaron what her name is and after a few flashbacks from the alternate timeline, Aaron calls her Charlie. Aaron realises that he is dreaming and Charlie tells him that they have to move because some mysterious "they" are coming for him. Outside, Charlie tells Aaron that the nanites are coming for him because they are dying and need him to fix the code. Charlie reveals that it's like the Matrix - a virtual reality program. Charlie is actually a figment of Aaron's imagination - the part of him trying to fight off the nanite invasion. Charlie tells Aaron that he needs to find Rachel and make her help him. Charlie stands to guide Aaron away but is shot by Horn. When Aaron stands, Horn is surrounded by armed men and he calls out, "I'm going to need you to fix that code Pittman." Aaron takes off running and hops into a cab to escape. He asks to be taken to Chicago.
Rachel is walking through a parking lot talking on the phone to Ben when Aaron approaches. Rachel asks Aaron if she knows him and he tells her that they are both inside his head right now and following a nano program. A scared Rachel uses a stun gun on Aaron and starts running. Aaron catches up to her points a gun and says that he needs her help to get to Miles. Hunt shows up again but Aaron and Rachel hop into Rachel's car and take off.
Rachel asks if cops are after Aaron and he says that it is hard to explain but if they catch him, it won't be good for anyone in here or out there. Rachel asks what out there means and Aaron simply says that she has to help him because she is his friend. Rachel asserts that he doesn't know anything about her and so Aaron talks about Miles, Danny and Gene. Rachel starts to cry and says that she has never told anyone how she felt about Danny. Aaron says that though he cannot explain it, Rachel is family and then tosses the gun out of the window. Aaron tells Rachel that she is not a soccer mom and is actually a little bit scary and that he needs her to be that.
On the television, Neville is staring in an advertisement about insurance. Rachel and Aaron walk into Miles's home. Miles asks if Rachel is crawling back and Rachel says that this is not what this is. When Miles and Rachel start to bicker, Aaron offers Miles a thousand dollars for ten minutes of his time. In the kitchen, Miles asks Aaron if he is a spy. Aaron denies this and tells Miles he needs him to do his thing with the sword if the nanites catch up to him. Bass walks in with a pizza, and says that he came to town to stop Miles from stalking Rachel. When Bass asks who Aaron is, a frustrated Aaron says that this would be easier if everyone stopped following the program. Aaron tells Miles that he is not a shady drunk and is actually a warrior and a leader of men. Aaron tells Bass that he ran an army who wore civil war uniforms. Aaron snaps his fingers and tells them he needs them to be who they are. Miles's home is starting to be surrounded by soldiers and Hunt is standing out front. Aaron says that Hunt is someone from his worst nightmare and that is why he thinks the nanites are using his face. The soldiers kick the door in and grab Aaron but Miles says that he is not getting involved. Aaron starts to beg and suddenly, a sword appears in Miles's hand and then Bass's hand. The two fight and kill the soldiers. Bass, Miles, Rachel remember who Aaron is but they don't get to talk long, as the house is now being sprayed by gunfire.
They escape in a car and Rachel confirms that Aaron is trapped in a dream and says that he has to think about what would wake him from a dream. Aaron says that falling makes him wake up, so Miles and Bass suggest throwing him off a really tall building. Aaron worries about what happens if he doesn't wake up before he hits the pavement. Rachel says that either way, the nanos won't get the code. The group pulls up in front of the skyscraper that Aaron owns and Bass comments that the blackout must really suck for him. Up on the roof, Rachel encourages Aaron, saying that he is the bravest person she knows. Aaron gets up on the ledge and looks down but before he can jump, Priscilla appears begging him not to jump. Aaron asks where his friends are and she says that she sent them away. Priscilla tells him that he needs to fix the code and that if he fixes it, he can stay in the alternate world. Aaron says that it's not real. Priscilla tells him that everything he lost out there, he can have in here like power, hot food, and cold beer. Priscilla says that he doesn't have to be scared anymore and that they can even have kids. Aaron replies that he wants to stay because he hates it out there and then he jumps..
Aaron then finds himself tied to a chair with Hunt standing over him. Hunt tells him that this isn't his brain anymore. Hunt is polishing tools to torture Aaron with and then says that Aaron needs to fix the code. The nanite tells him that they can make his life hell literally. Aaron hears Rachel's voice telling him that if he concentrates he can control it. Aaron grabs Hunts hand and tells the nanos that they cannot do anything to him because this is his mind. Aaron stands and tells the nanos that it is dying and losing control every moment. Aaron tells the nanos that he is not afraid and suddenly, Hunt disappears.
Aaron wakes up and finds Priscilla and Peter passed out in the room with him. Priscilla gets up and Aaron points a knife at Peter and promises to cut his throat if he or any of his men come anywhere near him or Priscilla. Outside, Aaron cleans Priscilla's wounds and she asks if he thought about staying. Aaron says that it wasn't real and that the nano wasn't Priscilla. Nanos begin to show up around Aaron and Priscilla. Aaron says that the nanos are absorbing the power.
Priscilla and Aaron make their way back to Willoughby. They are greeted by Rachel and Miles. Aaron introduces Priscilla to Miles. Rachel tells Aaron that there is something he needs to see. The patriots are stockpiling electronics because the power has been flickering off and on since last Sunday. Rachel asks about the nano tech but before she can answer, a lightening storm attacks the patriots. The four take off running and head into a building for cover. Aaron says that the nanos are really dying and that this must be its death throes. Rachel gets struck and is unable to breathe and Miles begs Aaron to do something. Aaron heads to the computer to fix the code, as Priscilla begs him not to. Hunt suddenly appears behind Aaron and thanks him for fixing the nanos. Aaron realises that this was all just in his mind and that he was tricked. The nanos asks if they are just machines now. Aaron asks what is going to happen to him and the nano replies that it is moving onto other things.
Aaron wakes for real this time and finds Priscilla lying next to him. Priscilla says that she is okay and Peter smiles at him from across the room. Peter says that the nanos are happy now and calls it a miracle. Peter tells Priscilla and Aaron that they are free to go. Priscilla and Aaron are leaving Lubbock and Aaron says that he doesn't know what the nanos are going to do now. Priscilla asks what they are going to do now and Aaron replies that he wants to go home. The two start walking.
Wow that was some massive product placement this episode. We're supposed to believe that a millionaire, which Aaron was before the power turned out would stock their fridge with Bud Light? Really? In what world is Bud Light a good beer?
This episode was supposed to move things along for the fans and actually happened earlier than the writers had planned. It seems like an effort to save Revolution which the cancellation bear says is on the bubble. I cannot imagine drawing this already slow story out even further. If anything, this episode serves as further proof that Revolution is extremely disconnected. It feels like it's just grasping at straws desperate to find some sort of relevance and cohesion.
We still have not gotten answers to any of the questions that Revolution has raised this season an that's a scary thing as the season is winding down. What's the deal with the Patriot induced plague? What is their over arching mission. Why should I care? What's the real deal with the nanos and are the Patriorts aware of their existence? Clearly the nanos are AI and we have some idea how they came into existence but beyond that and their role in turning the power off, we know next to nothing about them.
I just want Revolution to tell me a story that is cohesive. I want clear lines and some coherent interaction between the characters. Something more than what we have been offered so far. I worry that it is already to late for Revolution and that after creating an interesting dystopian world with clearly outlined goals in the first season that the writers had now idea what to do with the characters and the plot. This is make or break time for Revolution and I fear that if something doesn't change soon, there will not be a third season.
Labels: 2 fangs, artificial intelligence, dystopian, Revolution, television
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text:
Doped phenol-formaldehyde resins as precursors for precombustion CO2 capture adsorbents Academic research paper on "Chemical sciences"
Share paper
OECD Field of science
{"CO2 adsorption" / "Phenolic resins" / "Precombustion capture"}
Abstract of research paper on Chemical sciences, author of scientific article — C.F. Martín, S. García, J.J. Pis, F. Rubiera, C. Pevida
Abstract The use of solid sorbents for precombustion CO2 capture, which implies the removal of CO2 from the shifted-syngas prior to electricity generation, has acquired increasing interest in recent years. As an alternative method for precombustion CO2 capture, adsorption can be considered a promising technology, offering potential energy savings compared to absorbent systems. Solid sorbents are currently used in pressure swing adsorption (PSA) systems for the purification of hydrogen in petrochemical industries. In the present work, phenol formaldehyde resin-based adsorbents have been prepared to be applied in precombustión CO2 capture applications. The produced carbons showed superior performance when compared to commercial CO2 adsorbents and a great selectivity towards CO2.
Similar topics of scientific paper in Chemical sciences , author of scholarly article — C.F. Martín, S. García, J.J. Pis, F. Rubiera, C. Pevida
Spherical potassium intercalated activated carbon beads for pulverised fuel CO2 post-combustion capture
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2009 / T.C. Drage, O. Kozynchenko, C. Pevida, M.G. Plaza, F. Rubiera, et al.
A comparison of two methods for producing CO2 capture adsorbents
2009 / M.G. Plaza, C. Pevida, B. Arias, J. Fermoso, F. Rubiera, et al.
Academic research paper on topic "Doped phenol-formaldehyde resins as precursors for precombustion CO2 capture adsorbents"
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com	-
ScienceDirect	Ener9y
Procedía
Energy Procedía 4 (2011) 1222-1227	:
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
GHGT-10
Doped phenol-formaldehyde resins as precursors for precombustion CO2
capture adsorbents
C.F. Martín, S. García, J.J. Pis, F. Rubiera, C. Pevida1
Instituto Nacional del Carbón, CSIC, Apartado 73, 33080 Oviedo, Spain
The use of solid sorbents for precombustion CO2 capture, which implies the removal of CO2 from the shifted-syngas prior to electricity generation, has acquired increasing interest in recent years. As an alternative method for precombustion CO2 capture, adsorption can be considered a promising technology, offering potential energy savings compared to absorbent systems. Solid sorbents are currently used in pressure swing adsorption (PSA) systems for the purification of hydrogen in petrochemical industries. In the present work, phenol formaldehyde resin-based adsorbents have been prepared to be applied in precombustion CO2 capture applications. The produced carbons showed superior performance when compared to commercial CO2 adsorbents and a great selectivity towards CO2.
© 2011 Puiblished by Elsevier Ltd.
Keywords: CO2 adsorption, phenolic resins; precombustion capture
Commercial methods to capture CO2 have long been used in the chemical and petrochemical industries. These methods, applied to the removal of H2S and CO2 from gaseous streams, are mostly based on chemical absorption with aqueous solutions of alkanolamines (MPA, DPA, MDPA), in the case of combustion flue gases, or physical absorption with solvents (Rectisol®, Selexol®), in the case of high CO2 partial pressures. However, these processes present several drawbacks such as high energy consumption, degradation, short life and high solvent cost [1]. Alternative methods have been proposed for CO2 capture but, currently, advanced research is focused on membranes and adsorption with solid sorbents [2,3]. Adsorption is considered a promising technology for CO2 capture applications since adsorbents present high adsorption capacity, great selectivity, good mechanical properties and they remain stable over repeated adsorption-de sorption cycles [4,5]. Activated carbons are suitable candidates for CO2 capture,
1 Corresponding author. Tel.: +34 985 11 90 90; fax: +34 985 29 76 62. E-mail address: cpevida@incar.csic.es
doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.177
their adsorption performance being dependent on the pore structure and the properties of the surface chemistry [6]. Although capture capacities of activated carbons are, in general, lower than those of zeolites and molecular sieves under low pressure and ambient conditions, they present a series of advantages as CO2 adsorbents such as larger capacities at higher pressures, ease of regeneration, potential low-cost and less sensitiveness to moisture. Phenolic-resin-based activated carbons offer further advantages in that they can be produced in a wide variety of physical forms (including granular or extruded, fibres, monolithic structures), allow close control of porosity, present a very low level of impurities and good physical strength [7,8].
In this work, phenol formaldehyde resins were synthesised with and without the addition of organic additives. These resins were carbonised and activated with CO2 to produce phenolic-resin-based activated carbons. Samples were chemically and texturally characterised and their CO2 capture performance evaluated under pure CO2 flow (adsorption isotherms) and CO2/H2 mixtures (breakthrough curves).
2. Experimental
2.1.	Synthesis of materials
In this work, phenol formaldehyde resin (PF) samples have been prepared following different synthesis pathways. During the synthesis, phenol and formaldehyde were mixed and heated in the presence of a catalyst. In some cases, an organic additive, ethylene glycol (EG) or polyethylene glycol (PEG), was also added. The following samples were produced: samples NA and CLA were synthesised without additive using NH4OH and HCl, respectively, as catalyst; samples E1A and PE10 were prepared adding EG (1 wt.%) and PEG (10 wt.%), respectively, during the acid-catalysed synthesis route. Afterwards, the resins were cured in a rotary evaporator by heating under vacuum [9-12].
2.2.	Carbonisation and activation with CO2
The cured resins were then carbonised and activated with CO2 to develop microporosity in the samples. Carbonisation was performed in a horizontal furnace up to 800°C under a stream of 50 mL min-1 of N2. Activation with CO2 was conducted in a vertical furnace, in a flow rate of 10 mL min-1 of CO2 at 900°C. Activated carbons with various degrees of burn-off were prepared.
2.3.	Characterisation
The obtained carbons were characterised in terms of texture and chemical composition. For the textural characterisation, the micropore volume, W0 [13], the average micropore width, L0 [14], and the BET surface area, SBET (m2g-1), were determined from the N2 and CO2 adsorption isotherms at 77 and 273 K, respectively.
Chemical characterisation involved proximate and ultimate analyses and evaluation of the point of zero charge (pHpzc).
2.4.	CO2 capture capacity
The capture performance of the adsorbents was determined under pure CO2 and CO2/H2 mixtures, to evaluate the equilibrium capacities and the maximum working capacities of the samples, respectively. CO2 capture tests at 25°C and atmospheric pressure were conducted in a thermogravimetric analyser by recording the mass uptake of the samples when exposed to pure CO2 atmosphere. High pressure CO2 and H2 adsorption isotherms were evaluated in a magnetic suspension balance at 25°C and pressures up to 30 (CO2) and 40 bar (H2). The maximum CO2 uptakes of the samples at high pressures and their selectivity towards CO2 were assessed.
The CO2 capture performance of the adsorbents in a binary mixture of CO2 and H2 was also evaluated by obtaining the breakthrough curves of the samples in a purpose-built bench-scale system. The maximum working capacities were evaluated after seven consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles that involved an adsorption step at 15 bar and room temperature, followed by complete regeneration of the adsorbent at atmospheric pressure and 80 °C.
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Chemical analysis
Ultimate analysis and pHPZC of the prepared carbons are included in Table 1. The main element in the samples composition is carbon (~97 wt.%). The obtained carbons show basic character (pH > 7), due to the devolatilisation of oxygenated compounds during carbonisation. Basicity also increased after activation with CO2, because part of the oxygen that was incorporated to the surface of the char during the activation step is in the form of basic oxygen groups (i.e., pyrone ) [12,15].
Table 1 Chemical characterisation of the prepared adsorbents
Ultimate Analysis (wt.%, daf)
NA	97.3	0.3	0.9	1.5	8.8
CLA	97.4	0.1	-	2.5	9.4
E1A	97.2	0.1	-	2.7	8.8
PE10	95.7	0.1	-	4.2	7.5
O*: calculated by difference
3.2. Textural characterisation
Table 2 summarises the textural parameters calculated from the N2 and CO2 adsorption isotherms at 77 and 273 K, respectively, and the helium density of the PF carbons.
Helium density in PF samples is around 2 g cm-3. Activation with CO2 resulted in a significant textural development. The prepared carbons are mainly microporous. BET surface areas (SBET) and total micropore volumes (Wo N2) are similar for the activated samples, but lower for the carbonised sample PE10. Analysing the narrow microporosity in the PF carbons, here assessed by the CO2 adsorption isotherms, differences between the activated samples can be observed. E1A shows the highest narrow micropore volume (W0 CO2) (0.33 cm3 g-1), most probably as a consequence of the addition of EG during the synthesis. Regarding the average narrow micropore widths (L0 CO2), the activated samples present average values around 0.7 nm while sample PE10 exhibits the smallest average narrow micropore width.
Table 2 Textural parameters calculated from the N2 and CO2 adsorption isotherms of PF carbons
Sample	dHe (g cm-3)	N2 adsorption at 77 K	CO2 adsorption at 273 K
SBET (m2 g1)	W0 N2 (cm3 g1)	W0 CO2 (cm3 g1)	L0 co2 (nm)
NA	2.08	1211	0.45	0.26	0.70
CLA	2.11	1381	0.51	0.29	0.74
E1A	1.96	1369	0.51	0.33	0.73
PE10	1.92	472	0.25	0.23	0.58
Since the molecular size of CO2 is 0.209 nm, only pores less than 1.0 nm are effective towards CO2 capture at atmospheric pressure. Thus, the textural characterisation suggests that the produced carbons present suitable porous structure to be applied as CO2 adsorbents.
3.3. CO2 capture capacity
Figure 1 shows the CO2 uptake for each sample at 298 K and atmospheric (1 bar) and high pressure (30 bar). CO2 capture capacities are expressed in mmol of CO2 per gram of adsorbent (mmol g-1).These values correspond to the equilibrium CO2 uptakes under the tested conditions. Figure 1 shows the
correlation between the CO2 uptakes and the total micropore (Wo N2) and narrow micropore (W0 CO2) volumes.
The maximum CO2 uptake at atmospheric pressure was achieved by sample E1A, 2.46 mmol g-1, closely followed by samples CLA and NA that reached 2.16 and 2.07 mmolg-1, respectively (see Figure 1). These values are comparable or slightly superior to those assessed on commercial activated carbons [4,16-18].
C02 uptake (mmol g"1)	0 1 bar, 298 K
12-	□ 30 bar, 298 K
10-	&	/ ~
8-	-I-!	::::	s -
6-	-V.	:::	y-
2 0-	i	::::
NA	CLA	E1A PE10
Figure 1. CO2 uptakes (mmolg- ) at 298 K, and 1 and 30 bar, respectively.
At 30 bar, the maximum CO2 uptake corresponded to E1A that reached 10.30 mmolg-1, followed by CLA, 9.89 mmolg-1. High-pressure CO2 capture capacities are greater than those of commercial CO2 adsorbent materials like zeolite 13X (7.4 mmol g-1 at 32 bar and 298 K [19]) or BPL carbon (8.4 mmol g-1 at 55 bar and 298 K [20]).
CO2 uptake
.£3	4
R2 = 0,68
4	K3 .a
R2 = 0,98	2
♦ 30 bar □ 1 bar
Figure 2. Correlation between the CO2 uptakes at 1 and 30 bar, and W0 N2 (a) and W0 CO2 (b).
R = 0,93
W0N2 (cm g" )
W0C02 (cm3g)
On the other hand, the carbonised sample, PE10, presented the lowest CO2 uptakes: 1.86 and 8.18 mmolg-1 at 1 and 30 bar, respectively.
Relating the results of these tests to the textural characteristics of the adsorbents (see Figure 2) it can be observed that there is a good correlation between CO2 uptake and narrow micropore volume (W0 CO2). In the particular case of CO2 adsorption at atmospheric pressure, the higher W0 co2, the greater the CO2 uptake (Figure 2b). At high pressure there is also a good correlation between the CO2 uptake and the total micropore volume (W0 N2) that, on the other hand, does not exist at atmospheric pressure (see R2 in Figure 2a). At atmospheric pressure the presence of narrow microporosity plays a key role on the CO2 adsorption performance. However, at higher pressures, CO2 is also adsorbed on the super-microporosity range (pore sizes between 0.7 and 2 nm). In addition, these correlations show that it is possible to assess the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of an adsorbent from its textural characterisation [17].
It is worth to draw attention on sample PE10 that shows a CO2 uptake at atmospheric pressure comparable to the activated resins. This may be due to the organic additive (PEG) that enhances narrow microporosity development.
The CO2 capture performance of sample E1A in a ternary mixture containing 20-40 vol.% of CO2 and 5070 vol% H2 (N2 balance), was also evaluated. The values of CO2 adsorption capacities shown in Table 3, were obtained from the average capacity of seven consecutive breakthrough curves.
Table 3 CO2 capture capacities of E1A at ambient temperature and 15 bar in CO2/H2/N2 mixtures
Cases	P (bar)	T (K)	CO2 (vol%)	H2 (vol%)	CO2 capture capacity (mmol CO2 g-1)
1 2	15 15	298 298	20 40	70 50	4.57 6.14
CO2 adsorption capacity is reduced when the partial pressure of CO2 is diminished, as expected for conventional adsorption processes. According to the high pressure CO2 adsorption isotherms, the maximum CO2 uptake of E1A was 4.77 mmol g-1 at 3 bar and 6.45 mmol g-1 at 6 bar. Cases 1 and 2 correspond to CO2 partial pressures in the feed stream of 3 and 6 bar, respectively. Thus, the CO2 capture capacities assessed during these experiments are close to those of the equilibrium, showing the great selectivity of the carbon towards CO2.
Addition of organic additives, ethylene or polyethylene glycol, during the synthesis of phenolformaldehyde resins enhanced the textural characteristics of the prepared activated carbons. The CO2 capture performance of the phenol-formaldehyde resin-based carbons showed promising results at atmospheric and high pressures, when compared to commercial CO2 adsorbents. In addition, it has been demonstrated that CO2 adsorption relies on both the width and volume of micropores. The sample produced with addition of ethylene glycol, E1A, reached the greatest CO2 uptakes (2.46 mmol g-1 at atmospheric pressure and 10.30 mmol g-1 at 30 bar). Great selectivity of the carbons to separate CO2 from CO2/H2 mixtures was observed.
From the results presented here it can be concluded that phenol-formaldehyde resin carbons show promising characteristics to be applied in precombustion CO2 capture processes. Further research is currently being undertaken in our research group to tailor and improve the characteristic of these resin adsorbents, without increasing the cost of the production process.
5.	Acknowledgements
This work was carried out with financial support from the Spanish MICINN (Project ENE2008-05087).
C.F.M. acknowledges support from the CSIC JAE-Predoc Program.
6.	References
[1]	IEA, International Energy Agency Report. Capturing CO2. 2007
[2]	Figueroa JD, Fout T, Plasynski S, McIlvried H, Srivastava RD. Advances in CO2 capture technology--The U.S. Department of Energy's Carbon Sequestration Program. Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con. 2008; 2: 9-20
[3]	Drage TC, Blackman JM, Pevida C, Snape CE. Evaluation of activated carbon adsorbents for CO2 capture in gasification. Energ. Fuel. 2009; 23: 2790-6
[4]	Yong Z, Mata V, Rodrigues AE. Adsorption of carbon dioxide at high temperature—a review. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2002; 26: 195-203
[5]	Choi S, Drese JH, Jones CW. Adsorbent materials for carbon dioxide capture from large anthropogenic point sources. ChemSusChem 2009; 2: 796-854
[6]	Sircar S, Golden TC, Rao M.B. Activated carbon for gas separation and storage. Carbon 1996; 34: 112
[7]	Foster AI, Linney HJ, Tennison SR, Cory RA, Swan DP. The use of carbons produced from phenolic resins for flue gas desulphurization. Fuel 1993; 72: 337-42
[8]	Tennison SR. Phenolic-resin-derived activated carbons. Appl. Catal. A-Gen. 1998; 173: 289-311
[9]	Chi-Cheng L, Teng H. Influence of the formaldehyde-to-phenol ratio in resin synthesis on the production of activated carbons from phenol-formaldehyde. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2002; 41: 1986-92
[10]	Horikawa T, Ogawa K, Mizuno K, Hayashi J, Muroyama K. Preparation and characterization of the carbonized material of phenol-formaldehyde resin with addition of various organic substances. Carbon 2003; 41: 465-72
[11]	Shafizadeh JE, Guionnet S, Tillman MS, Seferis JC. Synthesis and characterization of phenolic resole resins for composite applications. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998; 73: 505-14
[12]	Teng H, Wang S-C. Preparation of porous carbons from phenol-formaldehyde resins with chemical and physical activation. Carbon 2000; 38: 817-24
[13]	Dubinin MM. Fundamentals of the theory of adsorption in micropores of carbon adsorbents: Characteristics of their adsorption properties and microporous structures. Carbon 1989; 27: 457-67
[14]	Stoeckli F, Ballerini L. Evolution of microporosity during activation of carbon. Fuel 1991; 70: 557-9
[15]	Papirer E, Li S, Donnet J-B. Contribution to the study of basic surface groups on carbons. Carbon 1987; 25: 243-7
[16]	Pevida C, Plaza MG, Arias B, Fermoso J, Rubiera F, Pis JJ. Surface modification of activated carbons for CO2 capture. Applied Surface Science 2008; 254: 7165-72
[17]	Martin CF, Plaza MG, Pis JJ, Rubiera F, Pevida C, Centeno TA. On the limits of CO2 capture capacity of carbons. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2010; 74: 225-9
[18]	Plaza MG, Garcia S, Rubiera F, Pis JJ, Pevida C. Post-combustion CO2 capture with a commercial activated carbon: comparison of different regeneration strategies. Chem. Eng. J. In Press.
[19]	Millward AR, Yaghi OM. Metal-organic frameworks with exceptionally high capacity for storage of carbon dioxide at room temperature. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005; 127: 17998-9
[20]	Furukawa H, Yaghi OM. Storage of hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide in highly porous covalent organic frameworks for clean energy applications. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009; 131: 8875-83
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text:
Pet dogs missing in Beachamwell
A COUPLE are distraught over the loss of two pet dogs who were last seen last Thursday in Beachamwell.
Eddie and Kaye McKnight have put up a reward of £5,000 for information leading to the safe return of the dogs. They are a Golden Cocker Spaniel called Goldie, aged 15 months, and Elgin, a Hungarian Wire-Haired Vizla aged 20 months.
Mr McKnight said that dogs were precious to them. "The dogs mean everything to us and you can't put a price on them," said Mr McKnight.
Anyone with information can contact the couple on 01760 336260 or 07791 023201.


text:
Latest fares increase makes London bike commuting even better value
£1,250 for a travelcard? You could get a bike for that!
by John Stevenson
Mon, Jan 20, 2014 11:24
Cutting through the congestion and having a more enjoyable journey to work are the most common reasons people commute by bike in London, but with today's fare increases riding a bike in the capital makes even more financial sense than ever.
Transport for London claims that travelcard prices have risen by an average of 3.1 percent, but that masks some far steeper increases. A zone 1-4 travelcard is now £1,800, up from £1,688, an increase of 7.3 percent.
But even a travelcard for central London's Zone 1 and 2, which takes about 40 minutes to cross by bike or Tube according to the TfL website, now costs £1,250 per year.
As the CTC's Chris Peck points out, that's enough for a decent bike and all the trimmings.
"With prices on public transport again rising, the benefits of cycling to the pocket are becoming even greater," said Chris.
"For those on a tight budget, cycling is not only be the cheapest way to get around London, it's also the fastest way. For those who are sick of tube delays, strikes and strap-hanging, giving up a Zone 1-2 season ticket and taking up cycling could reward you with a budget of over £1,250 for equipment, which will buy you a very decent and reliable bike plus accessories."
It's good for you too. An oft-cited statistic is that new cycle commuters on average lose a stone in weight in their first year of riding. There are far more extreme examples of the benefits of cycling, though, such as the incredible shrinking cyclist Gary Brennan,who lost 26 stone.
Transport for London says the price increases are justified by the need to invest in the network, but Labour has described the rises as "inflation-busting", especially the increase in zone 1-4 fares.
The party's transport spokeswoman on the London Assembly, Val Shawcross, said Boris Johnson was "saving people £4 a year on their council tax but is taking vastly more from them in higher transport fares".
Janet Cook, from passenger watchdog London TravelWatch, said people were having to pay "an increasingly large share of their regular income on commuting".
Or they could get a bike.
John Stevenson
Acknowledged by the Telegraph as a leading cycling journalist, John Stevenson has been writing about bikes and cycling for over 30 years since discovering that people were mug enough to pay him for it rather than expecting him to do an honest day's work.
He was heavily involved in the mountain bike boom of the late 1980s as a racer, team manager and race promoter, and that led to writing for Mountain Biking UK magazine shortly after its inception. He got the gig by phoning up the editor and telling him the magazine was rubbish and he could do better. Rather than telling him to get lost, MBUK editor Tym Manley called John's bluff and the rest is history.
Since then he has worked on MTB Pro magazine and was editor of Maximum Mountain Bike and Australian Mountain Bike magazines, before switching to the web in 2000 to work for CyclingNews.com. Along with road.cc editor Tony Farelly, John was on the launch team for BikeRadar.com and subsequently became editor in chief of Future Publishing's group of cycling magazines and websites, including Cycling Plus, MBUK, What Mountain Bike and Procycling.
John has also written for Cyclist magazine, edited the BikeMagic website and was founding editor of TotalWomensCycling.com before handing over to someone far more representative of the site's main audience.
He joined road.cc in 2013 and these days he lives in Cambridge where the lack of hills is more than made up for by the headwinds.
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text:
Go for a hike in Olompali State Historic Park in Marin
Food: Locavore, a new spot on the edge of the Mission, serves a delicious menu based on sustainable farm ingredients in an appealing urban setting.
Wine: Following up on last week's theme focusing on well-valued wine, expert Pamela Busch recommends a few good reds that sell for $15 or less.
Music on the Square: The Rising, a Bruce Springsteen tribute band, appears in a free concert. [5:30 to 8 p.m., Courthouse Square, 2200 Broadway, Redwood City]
Crime novelist: Max Allan Collins talks about "Bye Bye, Baby," his 13th novel featuring Chicago PI Nate Heller. [7 p.m., "M" Is for Mystery, 86 E. Third Ave., San Mateo]
Grateful for Olompali: Olompali State Historic Park in Marin County comprises 700 acres and thousands of years of quintessential California history, from the Coast Miwok to the Grateful Dead. Hike the 3-mile, round-trip Loop Trail for a simple slip through a shaded canopy of California bay and coast live oak trees, punctuated by old oaks. It's no wonder the Grateful Dead played a concert here and used the Olompali hills as an album cover backdrop. [Visit WeekendSherpa.com to sign up for email about getting outdoors in Northern California]
Reggae celebration: Caribbean arts set the tone at the San Francisco Reggae Festival. The event features live music, cuisine, crafts and kids' activities. [11 a.m. to 6 p.m., Fillmore Center Plaza, Fillmore and O'Farrell streets, S.F.]
Japanese pop culture: The 2011 J-Pop Summit Festival celebrates Japanese pop culture. Live music, fashion shows, films and street vendors are on the slate. [11 a.m. to 6 p.m., Post and Webster streets and thereabouts, S.F.]
Outdoor movie: Film Night in the Park presents "Roman Holiday." Audrey Hepburn plays a princess who escapes her guardians and falls in love with an American newsman in Rome. [8 p.m., Union Square, Powell and Post streets, S.F.]
Improv comedy: The San Francisco Improv Fest presents "Improv All-Stars Night." Featured comedy acts include Uncle's Brother, with Tim Meadows. [7:30, 8:30 and 10:30 p.m., Eureka Theatre, 215 Jackson St., S.F.]
Shakespeare comedy: The all-female Shakespeare company Woman's Will presents its 2011 summer park show — a 1960s-set production of "A Midsummer Night's Dream." [2 p.m., Dolores Park, 455 Dolores St., S.F.]
Native arts: A fair-trade bazaar takes place at the de Young Museum. Shoppers can buy fair-trade products from around the globe, including jewelry, textiles and baskets. [9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Golden Gate Park, 50 Hagiwara Tea Garden Drive, S.F.]
Piano concert: Katya Grineva presents "Love and Water," her program of romantic piano. Featured composers include Schubert, Debussy, Liszt, Ravel and Tchaikovsky. [7 p.m., Davies Symphony Hall, 201 Van Ness Ave., S.F.]
Contemporary music: The sfSoundSeries presents a program showcasing a wide range of contemporary music. Featured composers include Gyorgy Kurtag and Daniel Cullen. [8 p.m., ODC Theater, 3153 17th St., S.F.]
Jazz and R&B: Composer, vibraphonist and jazz-funk pioneer Roy Ayers performs at Yoshi's. His songs include "Everybody Loves the Sunshine" and "Running Away." [7 and 9 p.m., 1330 Fillmore St., S.F.]
Stand-up show: Comedian DL Hughley performs a stand-up show. His credits include the Kings of Comedy national tour and the sitcom "The Hughleys." [8 p.m., Cobb's Comedy Club, 915 Columbus Ave., S.F.]
Cookbook author: Pure Pantry founder Elizabeth Kaplan talks about "Fresh From Elizabeth's Kitchen," her book of gluten-free recipes. [3 p.m., Omnivore Books on Food, 3885a Cesar Chavez St., S.F.]
Rupa and the April Fishes perform in Union Square
Sade, live in concert, worth the wait


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El Museo de Zoología Comparada (en inglés, Museum of Comparative Zoology) fue fundado en 1859 en el seno de la Universidad de Harvard gracias a Louis Agassiz (1807-1873). Está consagrado tanto a la conservación y enriquecimiento de las colecciones como a los trabajos de investigación, especialmente en el campo de la evolución.

El Museo se divide en doce secciones: Biología Oceanográfica, Entomología, Herpetología, Ictiología, Paleontología de los Invertebrados, Zoología de los Invertebrados, Mamíferos, Biología marina, Moluscos, Ornitología, Genética poblacional y Paleontología de los Vertebrados.

El Museo de Zoología Comparada está abierto todos los días de 9:00 a.m. a 5:00 a.m.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial del Museo de Zoología Comparada : ofrece numerosos catálogos en línea de las colecciones y de la biblioteca.

Museos monográficos de Estados Unidos
Museos de historia natural de Estados Unidos
Museos de Estados Unidos del siglo XIX
Anatomía
Museos inaugurados en 1859
Estados Unidos en 1859
Universidad de Harvard

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Art Design An Iconic Claude Monet Painting Will Be Going On Auction
An Iconic Claude Monet Painting Will Be Going On Auction
Claude Monet, 'Meules' (1890); Image: Courtesy of Sotheby's
By AFP March 24, 2019
The artwork is part of Monet's iconic Haystacks series, created in the early 1890s, and is estimated to be sold for US$55 million
Titled Meules, the painting is one of only four works from this series to come to auction this century. It will be one of the highlights of Sotheby's Evening Sale of Impressionist & Modern Art, taking place on May 14 in New York.
Having remained in the private collection of the Chicago socialites Potter and Bertha Palmer since 1986, Meules is expected to sell for a price of US$55 million.
The Haystacks series includes 25 canvases, painted by Monet between 1890 and 1891. Most of them reside in museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.
Camille Pissarro, 'Le grand noyer au printemps, Eragny' (1894); Image: Courtesy of Sotheby's
In a statement, August Uribe, Sotheby's head of Impressionist & Modern Art, commented, "It is a privilege to present one of Claude Monet's defining Impressionist paintings in our Evening Sale this May. One of the most recognisable images in art history, Monet's Haystacks series has long served as an inspiration to countless artists since its creation in the early 1890s, and continues to inspire anyone who has viewed one of these canvases first hand".
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Other highlights of the auction include Paul Signac's Antibes, Soir, estimated at US$4-6 million; Pierre-Auguste Renoir's Nature morte au melon, estimated at US$2-3 million; and Camille Pissarro's Le grand noyer au printemps, Eragny, estimated at US$2-3 million.
Prior to the auction, these artworks will debut in a public exhibition in Sotheby's newly-renovated York Avenue galleries, in New York City. Beginning on May 3, the exhibition will mark the first public viewing of Claude Monet's Meules in over three decades.
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An Iconic Claude Monet Painting Will Be Going On Auction | Singapore Tatler


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Posted in West Virginia July 24, 2019 by Natalie Clunan
Sip Wine While You Read At This One-Of-A-Kind Bookstore Bar In West Virginia
While accessing email, news articles, and our favorite titles online is certainly convenient, there's something to be said for setting the screen aside and burying your nose in a good book. If you love doing your reading the old-fashioned way, this bookstore bar in West Virginia provides the perfect spot to do it. Relax, find your next read, fall into the pages, while you sip wine at Taylor Books.
Discover Taylor Books on Capitol Street in picturesque downtown Charleston. The independent bookstore, cafe, and art gallery opened in 1995 and has become a must-visit destination for book lovers over the years.
Google Images/Tim H
The sprawling shop has every kind of book imaginable including those hard-to-find reads. With a broad selection and frequent sales, this bookstore is an enjoyable and affordable place to visit.
Taylor Books
The friendly store is loaded with books of all kinds. But if you prefer to do your reading online, you can settle in and use the free wifi.
Facebook/Taylor Books
Turn a trip to Taylor Books into a family outing. The colorful kid's area will keep the younger set engaged.
Feasting your eyes on all of the titles will likely lead to an armload of books.
The bookstore is just part of the amazing operation at Taylor Books. You'll also find a cafe feature scrumptious baked goods, salads, sandwiches, and their world-famous scones.
Google Images/Kenneth Tangerois3 Maroc
You can also unwind with a book and sip wine. Get lost in a story and enjoy your choice of coffee, tea, smoothies, wine, or beer.
Google Images/Blaise Liu
Spend some time sipping and reading at Taylor Books for a relaxing retreat that you'll be sure to enjoy.
The bookstore bar cafe is open Monday - Thursday from 7 a.m. - 8 p.m., Friday from 7 a.m. - 10 p.m., Saturday from 9 a.m. - 10 p.m., and Sunday from 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. Learn more by checking out their website or Facebook page. Address: 226 Capitol Street, Charleston, WV 25301.
Drinking wine at this bookstore bar is always a treat but you can also check out some of West Virginia's early winemaking history on this incredible hike.
Don't Miss The Most Magical Halloween Event In All Of West Virginia
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Natalie Clunan
Natalie is a writer and travel enthusiast who loves uncovering new places along the East Coast. Contact: [email protected]
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Elneny among players included in Arsenal's bid for Wilfried Zaha
by Juana Turner
Zaha has been identified as Emery's primary target but we've struggling to agree terms for the Ivory Coast global having seen our opening £40m bid rejected by Palace as it fell well short of their valuation.
It is claimed that Palace value Zaha closer to £100m, a sum Arsenal would likely struggle to meet given their budget restrictions.
However, it looks like Arsenal have come up with a cunning plan to try and get a deal agreed within budget as The Sun claims we are offering Palace Calum Chambers, Mohamed Elneny and Carl Jenkinson as well as £40m in cash for Zaha's signature. One possible solution is to offer a part exchange deal to Palace, and The Sun suggest that Arsenal may take that line of attack.
Arsenal have offered £40 million plus three players to Crystal Palace for Wilfried Zaha, according to reports.
But a 25% sell-on profit clause inserted into the £6m deal that Palace struck with Manchester United in 2015 to re-sign Zaha means Palace have little to no interest in negotiating a reduced fee deal - and will instead stick to their guns.
Читайте также: Danny Green: Kawhi 'wanted to go his own route'
"It's my brother's dream though to play for Arsenal".
Starsport understands Unai Emery is eager to add the Eagles forward to his squad but can not afford his £80m price tag.
Crystal Palace have Zaha under contract until the summer of 2023 and are under no pressure to cash in on the 26-year-old.
But with Arsenal having just £45m to play with, they are thought to be mulling over a player-plus-cash deal for Zaha.
"Given all that Wilfried has given to Crystal Palace to help them remain a Premier League club, I hope Palace will be able to see their way to agreeing a deal with Arsenal that allows Wilfried to realise his dream of playing European football for the club he's supported since childhood".
Zaha has been identified as Emery's primary target but we've struggling to agree terms for the Ivory Coast global having seen our opening £40m bid rejected by Palace as it fell well short of their val...
http:///2019/07/elneny-among-players-included-in-arsenals-bid-for-wilfried/
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Valve releases first batch of Steam Labs experiments
Firefox has its Test Pilot program where you can try various in-development add-ons, and now Steam is getting something similar. They could be tweaked, significantly changed, or outright dropped at any moment based on the whims of Valve and user feedback.
Sorry, but Final Fantasy 7 Remake is still a PS4 exclusive
Graff went on to say that the team will work to make sure this kind of slip-up doesn't happen again. Despite what you may have seen, it seems that it's not.
Google Assistant could be listening to you
VRT NWS was able to listen to thousands of these excerpts, including ones that shouldn't have been recorded in the first place. A new report says the company has humans listening to recorded search queries to help improve the accuracy of its assistant.
Hubble astronomers spot supermassive black holes 'on collision course'
Detecting the gravitational wave background using one of these pulsar timing arrays takes patience and plenty of monitored stars. Goulding, Greene and the other observational astronomers on the team detected the two titans with the Hubble Space Telescope.
Silverstone Circuit Secures British Grand Prix Until 2024
I feel like there have been other incidents in the past, which have been less big in a way, and have been penalised. There is excitement and adrenaline going and there are pressures. "This weekend it will be closer".
Former Yankees Pitcher and 'Ball Four' Author Jim Bouton Dies at 80
He was not invited back to Old-Timers' Day at Yankee Stadium until 1998, when owner George Steinbrenner extended an olive branch. While Bouton was blacklisted, he wrote a sequel to " Ball Four " that was titled, " I'm Glad You Didn't Take It Personally ".
Haas keep Rich Energy branding for Silverstone
However Steiner was quick to admit that the long-term situation between Haas and Rich Energy is far from resolved. Another Twitter commentator declared: "I can't believe what an utter joke you've made out of yourselves".
Republican Senators Defy Trump's Attacks to Support Powell
Since last month, Powell has signaled that officials are open to cutting rates when they gather at the end of July. Following the release of Powell's prepared remarks, short-dated Treasury rates fell sharply along with the U.S.
Bandai Namco Reveals Man of Medan Multiplayer Modes
In an interview with IGN , Supermassive Games CEO Pete Samuels explained that Man of Medan will be part of an 8 game series. Be sure to keep an eye out for our hands-on preview, where we took a deep-dive into the multiplayer experiences!
Eleven is Rumored to Play in Marvel's The Eternals
Brown visited the set of Avengers: Infinity War past year and spent some time with the directors Anthony and Joe Russo. We will find out about Brown soon enough, and a plethora of other things I'm sure, that will shock and delight us.
Mazda Toyota changes vehicles being built at Huntsville plant
As a result, it's possible that Toyota decided there wasn't enough demand to justify having two US plants building the Corolla. Corolla sales fell 5% in the first six months to 152,868, while overall Toyota vehicle sales fell 8%.
Assassin's Creed and Splinter Cell might be getting exclusive VR games
Apparently, the Splinter Cell series has a new chance to return to the market: as a title for the Oculus viewers on Facebook . The Information reported the news this morning, although it didn't offer much detail about what those games would look like.
Astros' Marisnick suspended for plate collision with Lucroy
The play in question ( video link ) saw Marisnick attempt to score on a flyout to Kole Calhoun . Cardinals catcher Yadier Molina blasted Marisnick on Instagram, calling it a " bulls-t play ".
European growth is less than inflation
The commission however expects a significant acceleration for Germany in 2020, when growth would leap to 1.4 percent. However, the projection does not take into account possible trade disruptions caused by a no-deal Brexit.
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News, Glennon had sent an officer a text message that read , "I need help...my life and my son's life is in danger". Portwood previously spent 17 months in prison on drug charges, but it had seemed like she turned her life around.


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Vernescu Named Trustee of Romanian-American Foundation
A New Approach to Recognizing Faculty Contributions
WPI Cuts Cost, Offers Online Coursework to Help Combat National Math Teacher Shortage
Students Take a Closer Look at the Charles Dickens Classic A Christmas Carol
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Foundation's mission to promote sustainable market economy, promote a democratic society for Romania
WPI Vice Provost for Research Bogdan Vernescu has been named to the Board of Trustees of the Romanian-American Foundation, an organization that provides Romanians with the kind of opportunity he never dreamed of as a young boy in his native Bucharest.
In his twenties, Vernescu had already earned his doctorate in applied mathematics and was working at the Mathematics Institute of the Romanian Academy, "the best place a mathematician could be in Romania," he says.
But as he looked ahead at his life under the Communist regime, he saw only monotony.
Bogdan Vernescu
"I got my job at the best place I could get a job, and that was it," he says. "I couldn't move from that place because that was the best place, and traveling outside the country wasn't really an option."
Then in the summer of 1989 the Berlin Wall came down. The Romanian revolution began that winter and as the regime fell, Vernescu's world was suddenly opened.
He applied for postdoctorate positions in Europe and the United States, landing at the University of Minnesota before arriving in Worcester.
Now, all these years later, he is in a position to help keep open the door to a future of opportunity for the next generation in his native country.
"I'm very happy and honored," he says of his new board position.
Vernescu was named vice provost for research at WPI in 2016, after serving as interim for the previous two years. He co-founded the Center for Industrial Mathematics and Statistics in 1997, just six years after arriving in Worcester, and headed the department for a decade before being tapped by President Laurie Leshin to become vice provost.
He hadn't planned on staying in America when he first arrived at the Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications at the University of Minnesota back in 1991.
"I had every intention of heading back to Romania. Interesting changes were happening in the country and society—it was an exciting time there," he recalls.
But, his office mates in Minnesota were applying for positions in the United States, so, as he says, "when in Rome, you do as the Romans do.
"My plan was to do another couple years here and go back, but when I wrote back to my institute to apply for a two-year leave of absence, they fired me," he says, smiling at the memory. "Now I'm an honorary member of the Institute."
He arrived at WPI as an assistant professor and stayed.
"WPI is a great place to be, a great community, and I was always doing things that were keeping me very busy. I never felt I really needed anything else," he says.
About three years ago Vernescu was asked by the Romanian-American Foundation to write a white paper on how research institutes are funded in the United States, and his presentation put him on the foundation's radar.
The foundation's mission is to strengthen and promote conditions for a sustainable market economy and promote a democratic society for everyone in Romania, according to the foundation's website.
Vernescu says he's impatient with what he sees as the slow pace of change on every visit back.
"In a history timescale it's probably not slow, but in a personal timescale it's rather slow, and I'm a rather impatient person when it comes to this," he says. "I want to see it happen faster."
The foundation is filling this gap of trying to accelerate the transition to a sustainable market economy—trying to find a basis for developing some democratic NGOs and stimulate philanthropy and things that were not common in the communist past, Vernescu says.
It's also working to counter the "brain drain" that happened after 1990, he says, which took people like him searching for opportunities outside of the country.
"One of the things that needs to happen there, because of that, is the pipeline of talent has to be very well taken care of," he says.
So the foundation is trying to help schools redesign and update middle- and high school mathematics and physics curriculums, and recruit teachers for career development programs.
He's also hoping to start an exchange program with WPI students spending a term in Romania and students there studying at one of WPI's international programs.
The foundation is also funding the Romanian robotics team and competition, originally started in the Unites States by Dean Kamen '73 as a way to make mathematics and sciences fun for students.
"WPI is a great place to be, a great community, and I was always doing things that were keeping me very busy. I never felt I really needed anything else." -Bogdan Vernescu
Vernescu says when he was a student in Romania, everyone made essentially the same salary regardless of whether they were a doctor, a plumber, a teacher, or a laborer.
"There were not these added incentives that if you study this you will get more money. You might not like it, but you will be wealthy. So you do what you love to do, and if you love to do it, you do it better," he said.
Kamen's idea was to find something kids love to do to stimulate them to study mathematics, chemistry, physics, and give them role models, Vernescu says.
It's something the old system of his youth did right, he says. "There were math competitions, Olympiads, and everyone was paying attention to who was winning at the Olympiads. All the parents wanted their kids to win at the Olympiads.
It was very well organized and well oiled. The competitors were the athletes," he says.
The legacy of that kind of emphasis on mathematics is seen in faculty across the United States where there are approximately 500 Romanian-born professors teaching in mathematics departments, according to Vernescu.
He says the foundation is also funding the development of the rural economy by trying to promote the formation of associations of farmers, and helping get them access to markets where they can sell their products in a more organized way.
When Vernescu was a boy, his parents—who were civil engineers—assumed their son would follow in their footsteps.
When he went into mathematics instead, he remembers sensing his father's unspoken disappointment.
"Many, many years later he was in my office, and he was looking around and looking at all my books," Vernescu says with a smile. "And he said, 'OK, I think you did well.'"
- By Ellen Ishkanian
Bogdan M. Vernescu
Bogdan Vernescu Appointed Vice Provost for Research
WPI Reaches New Research Funding Milestone
Critically Important Research Where WPI Can Have Impact


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The 167th Street station is a local station on the IND Concourse Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 167th Street and Grand Concourse in the Highbridge and Concourse neighborhoods of the Bronx, it is served by the D train at all times except rush hours in peak direction and the B train during rush hours.

History
This underground station, along with the rest of the Concourse Line, opened on July 1, 1933. Initial service was provided by the C express and CC local trains.

Under the 2015–2019 MTA Capital Plan, the station underwent a complete overhaul as part of the Enhanced Station Initiative, and was entirely closed for several months. Upgrades included cellular service, Wi-Fi, USB charging stations, interactive service advisories and maps. In January 2018, the NYCT and Bus Committee recommended that Citnalta-Forte receive the $125 million contract for the renovations of 167th and 174th–175th Streets on the IND Concourse Line and 145th Street on the IRT Lenox Avenue Line. However, the MTA Board temporarily deferred the vote for these packages after city representatives refused to vote to award the contracts. The contract was put back for a vote in February, where it was ultimately approved. The staircase entrance on the southwest corner of McClellan Street and Grand Concourse closed on July 9, while the rest of the station closed for repairs on August 27, and reopened on January 9, 2019. In 2019, the MTA announced that this station would become ADA-accessible as part of the agency's 2020–2024 Capital Program.

Station layout

The station has three tracks and two side platforms. The center track is used by the D train during rush hours in the peak direction.

Both platforms have an orange trim line with a black border and name tablets reading "167TH ST." in white lettering on a black background with white border. Below the trim line and name tablets are small "167" and directional signs in white lettering on a black background. Grey (previously yellow) I-beam columns run along both platforms at regular intervals with alternating ones having the standard black station name plate in white lettering. A closed tower sits at the far north end of the Manhattan-bound platform.

North of the station, a track begins on the west side of the line. It ends at a bumper block before the 170th Street station and is only used for storage of Yankee Stadium Special trains for service after their home games.

The 2019 artwork at this station is Beacons, a set of murals by Rico Gatson. The murals depict prominent figures in the Bronx, such as Maya Angelou, James Baldwin, Celia Cruz, Reggie Jackson, Audre Lorde, Tito Puente, Gil Scott-Heron, and Sonia Sotomayor.

Exits

This station's full-time mezzanine is at the north end. Two staircases from each platform go up to a waiting area, where a turnstile bank provides entrance/exit from the station and transfers between the two directions are possible. Outside fare control, there is a token booth and four staircases going up to all corners of the intersection of 167th Street and Grand Concourse. The mezzanine has mosaic directional signs in white lettering on an orange background.

Both platforms have an unstaffed same-level fare control area at the south end. On the northbound side, a set of exit-only turnstiles lead to a staircase that goes up to the southeast corner of McClellan Street and Grand Concourse. On the Manhattan-bound side, a set of turnstiles lead to a staircase that goes up to the southwest corner of the same intersection. This fare control area had a token booth until 2003.

Below this station is the 167th Street tunnel underneath the Grand Concourse. Until July 1948, there was a crosstown trolley service in this tunnel, which widens at its midpoint. In each direction, this tunnel had a trolley track, two platforms, and two road lanes. When the trolley was discontinued, the replacement Bx35 bus used the platforms until around 1990, when it was moved to the street above for quicker transfers to other bus routes and the subway. The underpass staircases were permanently closed for security reasons in 1993, and there is no pedestrian access to the underpass - which is open to vehicle traffic only - from either side on street level.

The trolley platforms led to two lower mezzanines, one to each subway platform. These lower mezzanines are at a slightly lower level than the subway platforms, and have a direct connection to them. They are not visible; a patch of newer tiling and a door in the wall near the northern end of each platform shows where the connections once were. The full-time mezzanine had two winding staircases to the underpass, one to each side. When the trolley mezzanines were closed, these staircases were gated off.

References

External links

 Station Reporter — B Train
 Station Reporter — D Train
 The Subway Nut — 167th Street Pictures
 167th Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
 McClellan Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
 Platforms from Google Maps Street View

IND Concourse Line stations
New York City Subway stations in the Bronx
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1933
1933 establishments in New York City
Concourse, Bronx


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