The Fiji Hotel and Tourism Association ("FHTA" or "the Association") was initially registered in 1965 for accommodation providers and has grown to include broader members of the tourism industry such as vendors and service providers. The accommodation providers of the Membership represent approximately 80% of the total room inventory in Fiji.
FHTA is a voluntary association of Members and is the pre-eminent tourism industry association in Fiji. Its goals are to defend and advocate the professional interests of its Members while preserving the good name of the industry and adhering to ethical and legislated guidelines.
This FHTA Ethics Code (the "Code") is being presented to the 2013 Annual General Meeting of the Association in accordance with the Articles of Association of FHTA. The Association and its Members agree to further urge their Member and non-Member partners to act in accordance with this Code.
The Code summarizes the guidelines of conduct for its Members, who agree to accept and be bound by it as a condition of Membership of the Association, and who openly declare their observance of the Code. In the event of their violation of the Code and a failure to remedy this violation, in accordance with the Articles of Association the Association's Board of Directors (with the advice and consent of the Membership Committee of the Association) has the authority to decide upon the expulsion, suspension, admonishment, or to take other appropriate disciplinary action against the respective Member without any repayment of membership fees. A Member has the right to advance reasons why he or she should not be disciplined in accordance with the Articles of Association. No Member shall be expelled or suspended unless an absolute majority of non-interested elected Directors then in office shall affirm such penalty. An expelled or suspended Member may have the right to apply for readmission to the Association if the Member proves his or her bona fides and an absolute majority of the non-interested elected Directors then in office is satisfied by the reasons given for such readmission.
To gain an honest profit from clients and provide the utmost transparency regarding fees and charges for all services rendered.
Members report, admonish and discourage any act considered criminal by the laws of the Republic of Fiji.
Members adhere to all legal regulations and principles and ensure financial records and accounts are maintained in compliance with valid rules and regulations and charges and taxes are duly lodged and paid in a timely manner.
summarizing the processed data will improve industry development and the planning of investment and marketing activities.
Members prominently display registered business names, statutorily required certificates and licenses, the registered addresses of companies and the names of the responsible persons authorized to resolve complaints and handle operational issues.
Members provide potential and actual customers with accurate information on the type and quality of provided services or offered goods, clearly declaring the type, quantity and price of the goods or services and the conditions of purchase.
Members shall not discriminate against consumers on the grounds of nationality, gender, ethnicity, political views, sexual orientation, age, religion, or any other basis as prescribed by the Laws of the Republic of Fiji.
Members display prices of goods and services on all menus, price lists and packages inclusive of all applicable taxes and charges (VAT Inclusive Prices – VIP & STT). Receipts and bills or statements of account may indicate the taxes and charges separately (VAT Exclusive Prices – VEP with VAT and STT shown separately) but the grand total to be displayed as all-inclusive pricing.
resolve any potential or actual disputes or complaints made by their customers.
Members make reasonable commercial efforts to accommodate customers with physical or mental disabilities. Members make reasonable efforts to ensure the privacy of all customers' financial and personal information and do not disclose customers' information except as required by law.
Members conduct themselves within the principles of good faith with vendors and other suppliers and refrain from deceptive practices.
Members recognize and support free and fair competition.
Members adhere to the spirit and letter of verbal and written contractual relations.
discrepancies or defects in a timely manner to avoid or minimize disputes.
Members expressly acknowledge their duty of care to protect the health, safety, and wellbeing of customers and employees.
Members adhere to the National Fire Authority, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Labour and especially Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) specifications and regulations in all aspects of operations.
handling, preparation, or serving) and the cleanliness of all spaces, facilities, and furnishings of the company.
Members maintain current and adequate insurance cover commensurate with the needs of the business.
Members motivate, empower and urge public authorities to provide protection for guests and their belongings.
Members create and maintain adequate working conditions for employees.
Members commit to base the relationship between employer and employee on core good faith values – respect, honesty, mutual trust, confidence and fair dealing.
Members provide feedback pertaining to the quality of job performance, create conditions for the development of further qualifications, eliminate any manifestations of discrimination in the workplace, ensure fair remuneration and respect social dialogue while preserving and ensuring the financial stability and development of the organisation.
Members conform to the valid legal regulations and payments of the educational (FNU Levy), pension (FNPF) and ensure any other required types of employee trust payments are duly made in a timely manner.
Members retain balanced relations between enterprise, labour unions, partner trade bodies, the public, governments and local, regional and/or international for-profit, not-for-profit and charities for the good of all parties involved.
Members protect children and young workers from the harmful influences of addictive substances by taking reasonable precautions to prohibit their offering or consumption by minors within all areas of the premises.
Members responsibly approach the issue of professional training provided to the apprentices and students of vocational schools by making practical training activities available in their establishments. To the maximum extent possible, ensure care is given to the development of manual skills and crafts, moral qualities, responsibility towards personal cleanliness and hygiene, positive environmental attitude, performance of working activities and assigned tasks, level of sophisticated attitude to the customer, loyalty to the employer and the colleagues in the workplace.
Members support their employees in engaging in continuous learning for effective, sustainable and modern business standards, particularly in collaboration with Fiji National University and other tourism training institutions.
human beings in any form, especially of children and the mentally or physically challenged persons.
Members recognise the unique qualities of the shared Fijian heritage but especially its cultures, traditions and values.
Members' businesses play, beside their economic role, a significant role in introducing overseas guests to the Fijian way of life. Accordingly, information is given to the guests regarding the local customs and traditions, specialties of the local cuisine, cultural sights and natural landmarks of the area and its surroundings.
Members consciously promote responsible hospitality business and ethical values while at all times respecting the local community. Members defend and preserve tourism facilities and elements of cultural or natural heritage. Members abstain from any act or conduct felt to be unduly offensive or injurious to the local populations, or likely to damage the local environment.
Members pursue activities harmonious with the customs and traditions of the Fijian people and with respect for the established laws and practices. Members shall assist and/or incentivise tourists and visitors to acquaint themselves with the characteristics of Fiji and her people.
Members engage in open dialogue, and consult with where appropriate, traditional stakeholders on changes to the business that may impact said stakeholders.
Member ensure that locals share equitably in the economic, social and cultural benefits generated by tourism activities, particularly in the creation of direct and indirect employment or revenue generation opportunities resulting from them.
Members' operations are run in compliance with sustainable development, balancing the development of tourism while simultaneously preserving the natural and cultural heritage of Fiji and her peoples.
Members refrain from all trafficking in illicit drugs, arms, antiques, protected species and products and substances that are dangerous or prohibited by state law and regulations.
Members safeguard the natural environment with a view to achieving sound, continuous and sustainable economic growth geared towards satisfying equitably the needs and aspirations of the present generations and posterity.
environmental impact assessment studies, so as to enhance the beneficial impact on the tourism industry and the local economy.
Members protect the natural heritage composed of ecosystems and bio-diversity and preserve endangered species of wildlife or protected areas by adhering to environmental laws and regulations.
providing evidence of all pronounced or implied public statements made during a publicity or marketing campaign and for a reasonable period afterwards.
Following as much as practicable and commercially viable the FHTA-endorsed "Recommended Practices for Bookings and Cancellations" to ensure a level playing field.
At all times refraining from anti-competitive or collusive behavior.
Reporting of suspected breaches, investigation of them by the Membership Committee and any disciplinary action necessary shall be done in a manner set forth in the then current and Board-approved Breaches of Code of Ethics and Disciplinary Procedures. As compliance with this Code of Ethics is a condition of Membership of the Association, all Members accept the authority of the non-interested elected Directors of the Association to discipline a Member found in breach of this Code of Ethics following the process set forth. After any right of appeal is exhausted, the Board's decision shall be final.
Should any clarification be required in regard to this Code of Ethics then the Membership Committee shall be so empowered to interpret the same. Where the Membership Committee is unable to interpret any code outlined herein then it shall revert to the Board of Directors to do so. Either the Membership Committee or the Board of Directors may consult a counterpart in another jurisdiction to assist in their interpretation or the appropriate application of the code as per the situation at hand.
Any amendment to this Code of Ethics may only come into effect after said amendment has been put before the Board of Directors of the Association and a majority vote, of a valid quorum as per Association rules, in favour of the amendment has been executed either by a show of hands or if demanded at the time of voting, declared by secret ballot.
Where any amendment is passed by the Board of Directors, the Members of the Association must be promptly informed and the Member must accept the amendment as a condition of continued Membership. No amendment shall be applied retrospectively.
The "Membership Committee" or "MC" will be made up of members of the Board of Directors "BoD" and be chosen by the Board.
"Non-interested Elected Directors" shall be those Directors who have been elected to the Board by the Members at an AGM or Special GM and who have not been obligated to recuse themselves from hearing the case because of an actual or perceived conflict of interest in the outcome of the case. A majority vote of the Directors shall be binding if a Director has not voluntarily recused him or herself and there is a question of interest.
A "Breach" shall be a breach that has taken place after the assent of the Membership at the AGM that the Member Code of Ethics (the "Code") has been accepted and the Memorandum of Association and/or Articles of Association have been approved. No Member shall be disciplined for retrospective breaches of the Code. However, the Member may be counseled by the Membership Committee.
All "Members" of the Association shall be subject to the Code including Active Members, Special Active Members, Associate Members and Honorary Life Members.
1.1 If any of the Association's Members should be implicated in a breach of the Code then the Association is bound to refer the matter to the Membership Committee ("MC") for resolution.
1.2 If a Member is alleged, through acts of commission or omission, to have breached the Code – or the Association becomes aware of a suspected breach – the MC shall investigate the alleged breach following the procedures outlined herein. Formally, in writing advise the affected Member of said investigationand report on the outcome thereof to the Board of Directors ("BoD") of the Association. The findings of the MC and any submissions, orally or in writing, that the Member may wish to advance to justify why he or she should not be disciplined or any mitigating factors shall be presented to the BoD for determination prior to any sanctions being imposed unless the MC and the Member can jointly agree on the sanction to be imposed.
1.3 In accordance with the Articles of Association, only by an absolute majority vote of the noninterested Directors can a Member be suspended or expelled.
1.4 The MC must report the outcome of all investigations – including trivial or frivolous claims – to ensure transparency and for BoD oversight and approval.
1.5 The MC shall respond to all claims to confirm their receipt but is not obligated to advise the complainant of the outcome unless it should be deemed beneficial to the Association to do so at the discretion of the MC.
2.1 Any person or organization may report any Member of the Association for an alleged breach of the Code. This is to be made in writing to the Chief Executive of the Association.
2.2 All such infringements shallbe reported to the MC to be appointed in accordance with clause 11.4 of the Articles of Association of the Association.
2.3 The MC shall be comprised of a minimum of six Directors appointed by the BoD and a quorum shall be the greater of four or a majority of the members of the MC. As per the Articles of Association of the Association the President and the CEO are ex-officio members of the MC; however, only the President may vote, unless otherwise barred because of conflict of interest.
With the approval of the BoD the Chair of the MC shall co-opt up to two fit and proper persons from the Membership to assist the MC in an advisory capacity only and do not have a vote. Such co-opted members of the MC shall cease to hold such an appointment, unless previously terminated, upon the calling of the next AGM of the Association.
2.4 In accordance with clause 3.5 of the Articles of Association of the Association, the MC is vested with the responsibility to carry out an investigation into any claim lodged against any Member andbe responsible for any disciplinary action, if necessary, as directed by the BoD.
2.5 In the case of an allegation of a criminal act, the Association will make reasonable efforts to refer the complainant to the appropriate governmental agency to report the crime as it is not within the Association's mandate to investigate or adjudicate criminal complaints. The Association may, at the discretion of the MC and/or the BoD, also investigate the complaint on the grounds Code violation. The Association respects the jurisdiction of the authorities on criminal matters. Furthermore, the Association cannot report any allegations of crimes based on unsubstantiated rumours. However, if there is a real likelihood or genuine belief that a crime is being committed or a Member is involved in criminal conduct or activities the Association in its discretion will instruct the Chief Executive to report such as matter to the authorities for their further investigation.
3.1 Where the MC determines that an alleged infringement is only a minor infringement and capable of being settled without recourse to the disciplinary procedures, an alternative form of dispute resolution may be implemented at the MC's or BoD's discretion.
3.2 This may range from a simple apology or immediate, substantiated corrective action to mediation, arbitration or other alternative form of dispute resolution. The Association shall have the discretion to implement the requisite form of dispute resolution.
4.1 Where a Member of the Association has breached the Code, the Association, if knowledgeable of the act, may take action immediately or by written complaint against the Member.
4.2.3 copies for the accused Member and the MC – these will be facilitated by the Chief Executive of the Association.
4.3 Anonymous complaints will not be considered.
4.4.3 The Member against whom a complaint has been made will be given fourteen working days to make a response to the MC in writing. The MC shall give the Member notice in writing sufficient to allow a timely response to the complaint, including written notice of the complaint, the time limit accorded to the Member to make a response and provide any supporting evidence, an indication as to a likely hearing date, and the liaison on the MC that the Member can contact.
4.4.4 Failing a response from the Member the MC will consider the statement of allegation and evidence in support on their own merits and proceed to impose sanctions/penalties as the MC deems necessary.
4.4.5 Once the MC has reached a decision subject to clause 4.4.4 the MC will forward a recommendation to the BoD as to the disciplinary action to be taken against the Member. The Member can be admonished, suspended or expelled. Evidence of compliance following a confirmed breach of the Code may be required. Alternatively, the complaint may be dismissed because no violation took place or because no further action was required.
4.4.6 The MC may also seek further information from either of the parties in writing at any time prior to making a final decision regarding the Member.
4.5 If further information is required or in the event that the breach is severe enough to warrant possible suspension or expulsion, the MC shall convene a private hearing with the accused Member. If the Member elects not to appear or make alternative suitable arrangements the MC will deliberate based on the evidence provided.
4.6 The Member may select from a list, pre-approved by the BoD, of other Members to witness the hearing ("Witness Member"). The pre-approved listing shall include, at a minimum, the Chairs and Vice Chairs of the Regional Committees of the Association and any other fit and proper persons that BoD may appoint. The Member may also propose any other Member, who must be an Active Member or Special Active Member of the Association, in good standing to be a Witness Member, subject to MC approval, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. The Witness Member shall confirm that the minutes of the hearing, taken by or at the direction of the Chief Executive, are a true and accurate record of the discussion.
4.7 The Member and the MC may call witnesses if required.
4.8 Legal practitioners may not be present; however, the Member and MC may seek legal advice prior to the hearing if necessary of their own volition and expense.
4.9 The MC shall then deliberate in private and make a recommendation to the BoD for confirmation.
4.10 A member of the MC who has an actual or perceived interest in the outcome of an alleged breach of ethics shall recuse him or herself from such a case as soon as possible after the conflict of interest is apparent.
4.11 A simple majority of the noninterested voting members of the MC is required to recommend any other action taken by the MC that does not result in suspension or expulsion to the BoD for confirmation. A two-thirds majority of the noninterested voting members of the MC is required to recommend suspension or expulsion. In the case of a tie, the MC shall refer the case to the BoD for deliberation.
4.12 Unless voluntarily agreed by the Member, a recommendation of any other action taken by the MC that does not result in suspension or expulsion action requires a majority of the noninterested elected members of the BoD for confirmation.
4.13 Notwithstanding any proposed amendment to these procedures to the contrary, pursuant to Article 4.5 of the Articles of Association, a recommendation for suspension or expulsion requires an absolute majority of the non-interested elected Directors then in office for confirmation.
5.1.1.2 Upon advice and consent of the MC, the BoD can vote to instruct the MC to close the investigation because it could not obtain sufficient evidence that a violation of the Code had occurred or it decides, at its discretion, that the investigation should no longer be pursued.
5.1.2.1 Upon advice and consent of the MC, the BoD can vote to instruct the MC to dismiss the case as no provision in the Code applies to the complaint or the allegations in the complaint do not constitute a Code violation or there is no substantive evidence of a violation of the Code.
5.1.3.1. Upon advice and consent of the MC, the BoD can vote to instruct the MC to issue a letter of required corrective action that directs a Member to complete one or more of the following: submit subsequent reports and/or documentary or other evidence for review; and/or submit proof that the breach of the Code has been corrected. The BoD may instruct the MC to issue letters of required corrective action when it concludes that remedial action is appropriate and the violation is not of sufficient nature to warrant suspension or expulsion from membership.
5.1.3.2 FHTA does not publish the terms of the letter of required corrective action for compliance.
5.1.4.1 Upon advice and consent of the MC, the BoD can vote to publicly admonish a Member who has violated the Code if the gravity of the violation does not warrant suspension from membership.
5.1.4.2 Publication of admonishments in local newspapers and on the FHTA website is mandatory.
5.1.5.1 Upon advice and consent of the MC, the BoD can vote to expel or suspend a Member for a period up to two years. During the suspension period, a Member must not identify themselves as a FHTA Member on any letterhead or other written material, may not vote or hold a committee position or an office in FHTA or any Chapter, nor attend and FHTA or Chapter meetings, nor gain any benefits that membership of FHTA or Chapters may provide. In addition, the BoD or MC may direct a Member to submit subsequent reports and/or documentary or other evidence for continued monitoring during the suspension period.
5.1.5.2 Members should anticipate that expulsion or suspension (or admonishment) of a Member will occur when a disciplinary action is successfully taken against such member by an approved governmental or other organisation, unless there are significant mitigating circumstances or where the sanction is for historical violations and no longer occurring. However, a successful prosecution is not a necessary condition for the Association to take action for a breach of the Code.
5.1.5.3 An absolute majority vote of non-interested elected Board Members then in office is required for all expulsions or suspensions.
5.1.5.4 Publication of expulsions and suspensions, including the grounds, is mandatory.
5.1.6.1 Where corrective action is required or an admonishment is issued, the Member may be required to prove that it has become compliant with the Code. The MC should give the Member a suitable period of time to become compliant.
5.1.6.2 Upon advice and consent of the MC, the BoD can vote to instruct the MC to advise the Member that the breach of the Code has been satisfactorily remedied. This would occur when the MC accepted the further reports or evidence that the breach of ethics that resulted in the prior disciplinary matter had been resolved or corrected.
5.1.7.1 At least thirty (30) days written notice must be made to the Association should any of its Members seek to resign. The Member will not be eligible for a refund of any membership fees paid to the Association.
5.1.7.2 The Association shall have the power to suspend or expel any of its Members should they fail to abide by the Code. The grounds for suspension and expulsion shall be the same. The difference being the degree to which the Member has breached the Code as well as any past breaches.
5.1.7.3 A Member may be asked to resign or be expelled in accordance with Articles 4.3 to 4.5 of the Articles of Association of the Association.
5.1.7.4 Any Director who has or may be perceived to have a conflict of interest arising from any alleged breach of the Code shall be recused from the deliberations.
Director cannot give or vote a proxy.
5.1.7.6 All votes for expulsion or suspension (or reinstatement) shall be recorded and remain with the Chief Executive for a period of three years at which point they shall be destroyed.
5.2 Appeal against a decision of the committee In accordance with Article 4.6 of the Articles of Association of the Association, any Member suspended or expelled may within thirty (30) days of the decision of the MC seek an audience with the BoD of the Association and present his or her arguments in writing and in favour of their continued Membership. The decision of the absolute majority of the non-interested directors then in office shall be final.
absolute majority of the non-interested elected Directors then in office must confirm the reinstatement and their votes must be recorded. The Member is to be informed of their reinstatement by the quickest method employing the address last recorded for that Member in the Registrar of Members.
Members of the MC and BoD hearing a complaint and deciding on the same must sign a nonconflict form to ensure that there can be no allegations of a conflict of interest either from the general public or from within the Association's Membership. Any MC member with an interest in the matter must recuse himself or herself and any Board Member must also be recused. A majority vote of the Directors shall be binding if a Director has not voluntarily recused him or herself and there is a question of interest.
Subject to the right of appeal as per Paragraph 5.2, in accordance with Paragraph 4.1(m) of the Memorandum of Association and Articles 4.8 and 4.9 of the Articles of Association of the Association no Member shall have any claim whatsoever against the Board of Directors or the Association for any disciplinary action taken against that Member in accordance with these procedures.
In accordance with Article 6.8 of the Articles of Association, any Director who is the representative of a Member which is suspended or expelled shall be obligated to resign. Failing the Director's resignation the Board shall remove the Director pursuant to Article 10.5 of the Articles of Association.
Should any clarification be required in regard to these procedures for breaches of the Code of Ethics then the MC shall be so empowered to interpret the same. Where the MC is unable to interpret any section outlined herein then they shall revert to the BoD to do so. Either the MC or the BoD may consult a counterpart in another jurisdiction to assist in their interpretation or the appropriate application of the code as per the situation at hand.
Any amendment to these procedures for breaches of the Code of Ethics may only come into effect after such an amendment has been put before the BoD of the Association and a majority vote in favour of the amendment has been executed, either by a show of hands or if demanded at the time, by secret ballot.
Where any amendment is passed by the BoD, the Members of the Association must be promptly informed as per the quickest method provided for each respective member as per the Registrar of Members.


A mother who donated her infant son's organs has heard her baby's heart beating inside the chest of the little girl who's life he saved.
Two mothers have been brought together through this incredibly heartwarming story.
Heather Clarke's son Lukas was just seven months old when he passed away in 2013.
The bouncing baby boy had been entrusted to a babysitter whose boyfriend abused the child, leading to his death.
Heather, agreed to donate her son's organs - which have now saved the lives of three other children.
Among those, is four-year-old Jordan Drake.
Jordan suffered a congenital heart defect and required a heart transplant. After spending the first few years of her life in hospital, she was eventually blessed with the gift of Lukas' heart.
Recently, Heather met with Jordan and her mother Esther Gonzalez, and heard her baby's heart beating inside the little girl's chest.
The mothers were reduced for tears at the steady and powerful sound of the heart beat.


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Quiz: Can You Name All Of These Oscar Winning Movies Of The 80s?
Columbia-Cannon-Warner Distributors/MGM
How many Academy Award winning 80s movies can you identify, including E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Beetlejuice, Moonstruck, and more?
80s 80s movies
The Academy Awards, also known as the Oscars, is one of the most popular and widely viewed award shows in Hollywood. The award show presents up to 24 awards across various categories in the film and entertainment industry, from Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Cinematographer, Best Makeup and Hairstyling, Best Costume Design, Best Original Score, and more. No matte that the category, taking home one of the show's prized golden Oscar statues is surely an honor to every recipient over the years. The 1980s was one of the best years in film history, proven by who won big at the Academy Awards. Some of the decade's biggest winners included Rain Man, Driving Miss Daisy, Wall Street, Sophie's Choice, Moonstruck, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Beetlejuice, Batman, Hannah and Her Sisters, Out of Africa, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, An Officer and a Gentleman, Terms of Endearment, and more. But how many of these iconic 80s films can you actually spot and name by just one screenshot from the movie? If you're a true 80s movie master, then you should have no problem acing this ultimate 80s movie quiz. But can you get a perfect score? We bet not - most people won't! Maybe you'll prove us wrong. So what are you waiting for? Hit the play button now and put your 80s movie savvy to the test! Let's see if you're really the ultimate 80s movie maven or not once and for all. Good luck!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Check these tips before applying for low-interest personal loans. Best 5 low interest rate personal loans available today. When you drown in high-yield corporate debit or don't have the money to finance a large buy, low-yield consumer loans can be a life saver. However, with literally thousands of creditors providing face-to-face loans, it can be difficult to know where to go to find the best prices. These are five of the best low interest rate loans and what you need to do to get qualified for them.
When you are looking to get the best interest on your individual mortgage, it is important that you check quotes from various creditors. You can potentially see quotes from the below list of creditors and others with tens of creditors participating in their own credit comparator tools.
Ernst does not provide the group' s lower interest rates. Yet, its APR range from 6. 99% to 18. 24% makes it possible to get a cheap Personal loan even if your credit isn't perfect. Your APR will be refunded at the end of the month. Even though the creditor has no earning requirement, a qualification requires a pass mark of at least 660 FICO credits.
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Creditors consider some determinants to help establish your rates. Their creditworthiness is a roadmap of your lending expertise. Behaviour, amount due and length of loan histories are important elements in the determination of this three-digit number. Low creditworthiness may mean that you are less creditworthy as a borrower, so you may receive a higher interest to offset the risks.
On the other side, a high level of creditworthiness indicates that you are a good corporate citizen and should be eligible for a lower interest level. Any lender who does not have a MIP will use your earnings to calculate your interest rates. That makes you less risk averse and usually leads to a lower interest for you.
For example, creditors usually provide lower interest rates for private loans with shorter payback times. That motivates the borrowers to pay back the loans quickly. In order to get the cheapest interest on an individual mortgage, check several creditors to see what interest they are offering. Any of the creditors mentioned here will allow you to qualify without a tough investigation of your credentials.
Here is what happens when you go through the pre-qualification process: Loan provider will conduct a gentle investigation on your loan information. You get an estimate of the interest rates on the basis of the information found. You will receive a total price for your application on the basis of your full finance description. If you go through this procedure, you will get the best possible rates for your particular circumstances.
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By entering your data into the utility, you can receive multiple quotes at once without compromising your credibility. Dependent on your borrowing, you can be eligible for a mortgage with an interest of less than 6%. Are you interested in a private banker? These are the most important creditors for private loans from 2018!
Neither are we engaged in the lending approvals or investments processes nor do we make lending or investment-related judgments. Prices and conditions quoted on our website are approximate and are changeable at any notice.


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Malta Southern Europe
Economist Marie Briguglio: culturally active citizens are happier
Having studied the effects of Malta's "festas," Briguglio notes that it's active participation that increases life satisfaction. "Those who are passive tend to experience noise, pollution and congestion," she adds.
Daiva Repeckaite NewsMavens, Malta
Marie Briguglio. Photo: Geoffrey Zarb Adami
Why this story matters:
Having studied the effects of Malta's plethora of "festas" -- religious feasts with fireworks, bands and processions -- Marie Briguglio notes that it's mainly active participation that increases life satisfaction. "Those who are passive tend to experience noise, pollution and congestion," she adds.
Briguglio, an expert on behavioural economics at the University of Malta, wowed her audience at the recent Valletta 2018 conference by suggesting that that the science of Economics is ultimately about enhancing (and measuring) wellbeing, where finance, GDP and inflation are only measurable proxies.
The conference, organised ahead of the series of events planned for next year, when Valletta is set to become the European Capital of Culture, focused on making sure that events like this do not leave residents behind. Malta is experiencing an economic boom, accompanied by a rapid inflation of property prices. Valletta is particularly vulnerable to gentrification. In the interview, Briguglio tells NewsMavens curator Daiva Repečkaitė about her checklist of what policymakers could do to keep these processes at bay.
Details from the story:
Valletta will be the European Capital of Culture in 2018, with a promise of a year-long festa.
Rising property prices, however, force its residents into competition with boutique hotels and holiday accommodation.
Among the EU countries, Malta tops the list in terms of population density and obesity rates, but is at the bottom when it comes to recycling. Environmental factors are behind the key health concerns identified in the interview.
Having researched life satisfaction in Malta for many years, Dr Marie Briguglio has found it correlates significantly with only active participation in cultural events - not passive exposure to culture.
ECONOMIST MARIE BRIGUGLIO: GDP AND INFLATION ARE PROXIES FOR MEASURING QUALITY OF LIFE [original]
[google translate]
More on: health economy WomenToWatch


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Finnmarksvidda (samiska: Finnmárkkoduottar) är en fjällvidd i Finnmark fylke i nordligaste Norge. Namnet används vanligtvis om området söder om Gáisene, mellan Kvænangen och Nordreisa i väst och Tana älv i öst. I sydväst, söder och öster avgränsas det av Finland. 36 % av Finnmark fylke utgörs av Finnmarksvidda. Området är en del av det samiska kärnområdet.

Finnmarksvidda ligger cirka 300–500 meter över havet, med låga kullar, björkskog, myrar, sjöar och vattendrag. Berggrunden består av prekambriska bergarter. Det platta landskapet ger grunda insjöar och låg sluttning på älvarna, som breder ut sig i många förgreningar. Den största insjön är Iešjávri, som ligger centralt på vidden. I sydöst ligger nationalparken Øvre Anárjohka. På vidden finns flera fotvandringsleder och ett stort antal turist- och fjällstugor.

Finnmarksvidda är Norges kallaste område vintertid, då temperaturen kan sjunka ner till −40 °C. Köldrekordet är på −51,4 ºC.

Källor

Berg i Norge
Finnmark fylke

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


With travel comes culture, and with culture comes language. I have been fortunate enough to have traveled to three different continents in the world, and plan to visit all seven continents some day. China is my next destination.
Once I get there, I may want to talk about my travels to other people in Chinese! To do that, I will need to know how to express where I've been, where I am from, and where I want to go. So I was very happy that this week's lesson had to do with world geography and cardinal directions on a compass rose.
Related: What To Pack Before Traveling to China?
The world map is used to help people understand their location in relation to the rest of the world, and the compass is a guiding tool that comes with that. However, I was surprised to learn some of the cultural differences that came with learning the new terms. For example, in English we list directs as, "North, south, east, west." That sounds right. But in Chinese, you always list directions in a clockwise manner: "东(Dōng), 南 (Nán), 西 (Xī), 北 (Běi)." East, South, West, North. My Chinese teacher told me that this helps you remember how each direction falls on a compass.
Another interesting thing I learned was that in Chinese, "东 East" and "西 West" always come first when describing intermediate directions. In English, it's the reverse. So if I were to say "southeast," in Chinese, it would be "东南 (dōng nán)" or literally, "east-south."
This map was surprising to me. I learned that there are different cultural perspectives of world. Apparently, the context of a continent could be debatable? Oceania is a continent? Central America is part of South America?
I once had a similar discussion with my European friends when I was in college. Who knew the same would be taught to Asian cultures! The reason has to do with cultural and historical identity to which the continents are grouped by. Linguistically speaking, I can see why Mexico could be considered part of South America, but it's still odd to me.
For example, "非洲在欧洲的南方 (Fēizhōu zài ōuzhōu de nánfāng)." This means "Africa is to the south of Europe."
My teacher told me that this sentence structure can be applied to other things, not just maps. If I needed directions to the bank, for example, someone might say, "银行在商店的旁边 (Yínháng zài shāngdiàn de pángbiān)." This means, "the bank is next to the shop."
This helped me realize how important it is to practice this grammar structure, as it could help keep me from getting lost in China!
Even with some of the confusion, there were a few tips in the lesson that I really enjoyed. My consultant Nancy was really knowledgeable and taught me additional words like 迷路 (Mí Lù). It means to "get lost," which is something I often do without the help of my GPS. When it came to learning the continents, it was easy. They all end in "洲 (Zhōu)", and three of them are directional (The Americas and Antarctica). Being from the North America, I love that the literal translation of北美洲 (Běi Měi Zhōu), meaning "north beautiful continent."
These are all things my GPS wouldn't have been able to teach me.
Thanks for reading my column! Tune in next week to see what I learn next.


Derived from the Huichol ("which-all") word meaning "The pilgrimage to the Peyote sacred land", the Wirikuta ("weary-koo-ta") is situated between the only natural estuary in the region and the exclusive marina community of Puerto Los Cabos. Home to over 120,000 cacti specimens (700 different types) from around Mexico the Wirikuta is described by all who visit as a must-see destination.
Part of the Wirikuta Night Show attraction, the Village and Market set the mood for guest attending the now-famous Wirikuta Nighttime Spectacle. Since installation, over 4,000 guests have walked its paths, bought its' wares and had their faces painted while listening to the mystical stories of the Huichol.


text:
Pre-War Anti-Militarism and the Passive Resisters Union
The pre-war peace movement began in response to the 1909 Defence Act which introduced compulsory military training or 'Peacetime Conscription'. Boys as young as 12 (later raised to 14) were obliged to drill regularly and this continued up to the age of 21 (later raised to 25).
Christchurch was the centre of resistance to compulsory military training with three organisations forming in three years: the Anti-Militarist League founded in 1910, the National Peace Council founded in 1911, and the Passive Resisters' Union (PRU) founded in 1912. The Canterbury Women's Institute and labour organisations also supported this early peace movement.
While the Anti-Militarist League and the National Peace Council worked in traditional ways with meetings, letters, deputations, and the printing and disseminating of educational material, the PRU carried out a programme of civil disobedience. Only the young men who were affected by the Act could join the union and when their members began to be imprisoned and lose their civil rights the union published its own very effective publication, The Repeal.
The PRU with a membership of more than 400 led an effective campaign of resistance to the Act. Several hundred young men throughout the country refused to drill and were imprisoned for non-payment of fines imposed by the courts. Their campaign was supported by the wider peace movement which could justifiably claim that the Defence Act had become unworkable.
Charles Mackie, James Nuttall, James Worrall, National Peace Council, Passive Resisters Union, Reg Williams, Ripapa, Thomas Nuttall
The response of the Labour Movement to conscription: political objectors to military service
In the early part of the 20th century Christchurch was a hotbed of socialism, and the advent of the First World War rallied the movement around class-consciousness. The socialists espoused the belief that New Zealand workers had no quarrel with German workers; on the other side of the world, German workers were saying the same thing amidst massive street rallies.
Some were imprisoned on Ripapa Island for refusing to register for Compulsory Military Training, some spent time in Lyttelton Gaol for sedition, and others were incarcerated in Paparua Prison for conscientious objection. The conscientious objectors lost their rights as citizens for ten years following the War.
Several of the seditionists and conscientious objectors became prominent local and national Labour politicians. One was Christchurch East's MP for twenty years, and another Prime Minister of New Zealand. Together they formed a government that built one of our country's finest achievements: the Welfare State. They cleared slums and built public housing, hospitals and schools.
The Canterbury socialists refused to participate in a foreign imperial war, but one hundred years ago they were at the very epicentre of a class one.
Keith Locke marks the centenary of the first men to be jailed for sedition when they spoke out against conscription
Bob Semple, Fred and Harry Cooke, George Samms, Henry Reynolds, Peter Scott Ramsay, Reg Williams, Rev James Chapple, Ted Howard, Tim Armstrong
Women peacemakers
Women were not directly affected by compulsory military training or conscription, but many mothers, wives, aunts, sisters and grandmothers had...


text:
NOWCAST New Hampshire Chronicle
Watch live video of final presidential debate
Updated: 12:23 PM EDT Oct 18, 2012
Watch live as President Barack Obama faces Governor Mitt Romney in the final presidential debate before the Nov. 6 election on Monday night at Florida's Lynn University. Follow the debate on Live Wire by tapping here.Or watch live video of the debate by tapping here.
Watch live as President Barack Obama faces Governor Mitt Romney in the final presidential debate before the Nov. 6 election on Monday night at Florida's Lynn University.
Follow the debate on Live Wire by tapping here.
Or watch live video of the debate by tapping here.


With over 10 years experience in the field, our extreme sports event management service guarantees outstanding attention to detail and creativity while offering exciting and memorable ways to engage with audiences.
Our portfolio of work includes: The Big Game 9 pre-match event entertainment for 82,000 rugby fans, Birmingham Bike Festival, a city-centre cycling festival and our annual event Air To The Throne, which is one of six global events that makes up the Freestyle Mountain Bike World Tour.
Other activations have included athletes showcasing crease-proof Paul Smith suits in an art gallery, providing fast moving action for photographers to test Canon cameras & performing on a floating ramp for Riverland Dubai.
Festival entertainment, school shows, product launches or award ceremonies; we're always happy to discuss projects & brainstorm ideas on how to bring an extreme edge to your event.


Adventure travel insurance kayak and personal gear equipment rental transportation from our office in Cocorna photos and videos free camping kayaking other places not many other Travelers are lucky enough to see come get on the water with us book your course today.
Introduction into basic water reading hydrology proper use of personal equipment different types of kayaks classifications of rivers basic maneuvering and safety skills treated more as a refresher focus on rolling the kayak is not a primary objective in one day classes.
On our three-day instructional courses we have a little bit more time we can focus on more advanced skills like rolling the kayak navigating larger Rapids and have the opportunity to travel to different Rivers in the area Advanced water reading and rescue skills are practiced as well as one day of rolling classes will help you feel more comfortable when we begin to tackle class 3 Rapids.
On our specially-designed 5 day kayaking courses we have much more time to work with you individually while we focus on practicing different techniques to safely navigate up to class 3 and 4 Rapids. We will travel everyday to a different sections and rivers Learning the roll and implementing it while on the river will become the main objective.


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Q: What happens to a backup file if it is defragmented? I have a 22 gig XP backup file (.bkf) on a usb external drive.
Windows disk defragmenter tells me the external volume should
be defragmented.
Should I spend the time and effort to defragment the external drive
and backup file using a utility like  MyDefrag Or, just leave the drive and the backup file fragmented?

A: There is no point in defragmenting the backup file, since restoring the backup is not something that one does all day long.
In any case, there's much less reason to defragment an external drive than an internal one.
So my advice is to ignore Windows on this point and leave this drive alone.

A: To properly understand this you first have to understand fragmentation.
Your hard drive is a magnetic disk that can store binary on/off (magnetic/not magnetic) data in every "track" around the disk (imagine a record, it reads out from the center)
When you save a file to disk, the OS finds a spot for it, and saves it there, so for example if you had 3 text files, 1.txt, 2.txt, and 3.txt, they could be on disk as:
[1.txt]==[2.txt]=========[3.txt]
Now, if you wanted to save 4.txt, you'd have to do it between 2 and 3 - there is no room between 1 and 2 (perhaps a file that only took up 2 =s there was deleted, leaving a gap), so your new disk looks like
[1.txt]==[2.txt]===[4.txt]==[3.txt]
Neat, right? Not really, how are you going to save 5.txt?!
[1.txt][5[2.txt].tx[4.txt]t][3.txt]
Eugh! That takes a while to read, doesn't it? It's the same for your hard drive, the read head has to skip over 2.txt AND 4.txt while it's reading it! That's much slower!
Now, most hard drives are big enough to store more than 5 text files, so you have a lot more space to play with, but you're also saving much larger files, so it sort of balances out.
In your context, a backup file is MORE likely to get damaged by disk failure, as it's spread out across the disk, so a failed bit is much more likely to contain a bit of your backup. Defragmenting doesn't change the file as the OS sees it, it just sticks it together on the disk, meaning reading and writing it is much faster.

A: External drive has Mac files on it saved for 7 years. All was well until yesterday I introduced another Mac save trying to place a disk image upon the external backup device, and the disk image was too large, so think perhaps some files were moved or scattered as you described great above. Neither of my 2 Macs (G4 powerbook 17" Mac laptop from 2004 with 1.5GHz processor, and iMac G5 desktop all-in-one screen 1.83Ghz) can read the backup device and its icon doesn't appear on the desktop when plugged in. Same with disk utility not recogizing this suddenly. Then I tried putting the USB into the Dell PC 3GHz (2006) desktop, and it recognized the Mac files to my surprise. I'm now thinking of doing a defrag, so is this ok. Just trying to get things back to normal so my macs can save data back upon the external HD made by western digital (200GB from about 2006 or so). Thought once you have formatted an external backup drive with apple files then that's it and a PC can't do any saves. This is older tech keep in mind now backup drives have dual capability. My device does say "Combo", so maybe I'm in luck? Can the PC resave from this device and back out the other usb port and into a new memory device (like a 500GB new drive that I will run to the store and buy today?), and will it be able to be read as they were saved originally by the 2 Macs?
Why the Macs won't read is either because I had to pull the plug during a disk image save, and/or things got fragmented as per the discussion above... trying not to panic but this is 8yrs and 25000 hours of research on it (too tired from 24/7 attempts to cry)

A: It should be OK to defragment.  The only time files break is when the program that wrote them records where it wrote them and checks that they're still in the same place -- a defragmentation can move files around, so our hypothetical program wouldn't accept the files as genuine.
This is not a technique that's in much use in modern Windows systems, so you're probably OK.  If your backup program would function correctly with a copy of that file elsewhere, you can defragment it with no worries.

A: Defragmentation really only benefits you if you're accessing the filesystem a lot -- you can read a file off the disk faster if the drive does not have to seek all over the drive.  If this is a backup drive, and you access it once a month or the like, I really wouldn't worry about fragmentation.
Defragmenting the drive should not introduce problems, so there should be no harm in it.

A: If performance is not the issue, defragmentation is not neccesarily bad. It just means that the file is not all in one place, but scattered around the disk.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Bus Stop Shooting Jeopardizes Florida Gun Rights?
A Florida teenager is wanted in connection with a shooting at a Jacksonville bus stop. 16 year Edgar Robles is still not in custody. A $3,000 reward has been offered for information leading to Roble's arrest. The teenage is wanted for two counts of attempted murder and one count of shooting deadly missiles, according to news4jax.com. Robles brought a handgun to the bus stop to confront other students on the bus; Robles, at 16, is not quite old enough to exercise gun rights. Two teenage girls that were passengers on the school bus were hit by gunfire during the shooting. One of the girls was struck in the back of the head, while the other was shot in the cheek. Both girls are reportedly in stable condition.
Whenever anyone shoots a gun at a bus stop, there is likely to be a lot of attention focused on the incident. In this case, all of the people involved are children– everyone from the shooter to the victims and witnesses. These types of unfortunate stories put Florida gun rights in jeopardy over time by showing guns in a negative light. In this instance, Mr. Robles is a 16 year kid who can't legally own a gun. Requirements to purchase a firearm can be found by visiting the Florida Department of Law Enforcement's website. To purchase a long gun or rifle, a person must be at least 18 years old. A person must be 21 to purchase or own a handgun. Even with age requirements on purchasing and owning guns, State Attorney Angela Corey stated that more and more children are attempting to solve their issues with guns. Florida law has continued to aim laws at deterring gun violence. Florida law creates minimum mandatory sentences for crimes that involve guns. It is commonly referred to as "10-20-life" law.
Stories like this more are sad and outrageous. They help spread the message that more regulation is needed. More gun regulation creates more possibilities for law abiding gun owners to become ensnared by laws that were never drafted with them in mind in the first place. Contact the Law Office of David M. Goldman, PPLC today at (904) 685-1200 for more information on Florida gun rights. We also have experienced Jacksonville criminal defense lawyers that can help if you or a loved one have been charged with a gun crime or other offense. Initial consultations are free.
As a Jacksonville criminal defense attorney, I've represented my share of clients that suffered from mental illnesses. John McFarland, self-reported as schizophrenic, was arrested for aggravated battery after an unprovoked attack against a total stranger, according to news4jax.com.
As Roger Chan waited in line to pay for his groceries, McFarland used a hunting knife to stab Chan in the back of the head, face, and neck. The injuries were described as lacerations. Police arrived on the scene and took McFarland into custody without incident. McFarland, who has a history of mental illness, has been arrested for violent offenses in the past, but found not guilty by reason of insanity.
Aggravated battery is a serious offense. It carries a maximum possibility of 15 years in Florida state prison. Based on McFarland's history of mental illness, however, it is likely that he will end up in the state hospital again, rather than in prison. If it can be demonstrated that McFarland's actions were a result of his mental illness, another not guilty by reason of insanity will be the likely result. McFarland could end up spending many years in state custody in a mental health facility.


text:
\section{Abstract}

	We have studied the effects of the interaction between the radio
jet and the ambient gas in the powerful radio galaxy PKS2250-41 ($z=$0.31). Our
results show that the   gas has been accelerated, compressed, heated and collisionally ionized by the shock. This study helps us to understand the processes which
determine the observed properties of many high redshift radio galaxies.

\section{Introduction}

	The observed properties of radio galaxies  at $z>$0.7 are very
different to those at low redshift. The extended optical structures (line emission and continuum) are closely
aligned with the radio axis and often highly collimated.
 Although several explanations
are popular to explain this alignment effect [1,2], the interaction between the radio
jet and the ambient gas is certainly playing a role.   In spite of the much
observational  evidence for such interactions, not only in distant
radio galaxies, but
also in some closer radio galaxies and Seyferts, the physics involved is
not well understood. We are carrying out  a program to study a sample of low-intermediate
redshift ($z<$0.4) radio galaxies undergoing jet-cloud interactions, in
order to study
in detail how the interaction happens and its consequences for  the observed
properties of the objects.

	We present here results of the study of   PKS2250-41,
a radio galaxy in which a very strong interaction
is taking place between the radio jet and an arc-like structure to the W of
the main galaxy [3,4].

\section{Observations}

	Optical spectra were obtained  with the RGO
spectrograph at AAT (AAO). The slit was located at different positions parallel
and perpendicular to the radio axis so that the whole arc (the region
where the interaction is strongest) was covered. By fitting the emission lines,
we have isolated the different kinematic components
 and have studied their kinematic, flux and physical properties. Our goal is to discriminate
the dominant physical mechanism for each gaseous component.

\section{Results}

\centerline{\bf Kinematics and ionization level}

	The kinematics are complex across the arc. The [OIII]5007,4959
and H$\beta$ lines split into  several kinematic components for which FWHM, flux
and [OIII]5007/H$\beta$ were studied. The two main
components are:

A {\it broad component} characterized by:

\begin{itemize}

\item morphological association with the   radio lobe;

\item large line widths (FWHM$\sim$500-900 km s$^{-1}$);

\item line width and flux peak at the position of the radio hot spot;

\item low ionization level ([OIII]/H$\beta\sim$1-3).

\end{itemize}

A {\it narrow component} characterized by:

\begin{itemize}

\item its presence across the whole surface of the arc and far beyond the edge
of the radio lobe;

\item  small line widths (FWHM$\sim$60-200  km s$^{-1}$);

\item  relatively high ionization level ([OIII]/H$\beta\sim$4-9);

\end{itemize}

\centerline{\bf Electronic Temperature}

	We have used the measured    $\frac{[OIII]\lambda5007}{[OIII]\lambda4363}$ ratios
to calculate the electronic temperatures for the narrow and broad components
[5].
 The equivalent width of
the [OIII]$\lambda$4363 line is large in the regions of interest and
systematic effects related to the subtraction of the
underlying stellar continuum are not a significant source
of error.

	We measure $\frac{[OIII]\lambda5007}{[OIII]\lambda4363}$=
50$\pm$20  for the narrow component and 13$\pm$4 for the broad component, which
yield T$_e$= 15,000$^{+1300}_{-1000}$ and    41,000$^{+10,000}_{-8,000}$
respectively.  Therefore, {\it the gas emitting the broad component is hotter}.

\centerline{\bf Density}

	 We have used  the [SII]$\lambda\lambda$6716,6731
doublet to calculate the electronic densities for the narrow and broad components [5].
We have assumed the T$_e$ values calculated in the previous section. 	We measure $\frac{[SII]\lambda6716}{[SII]\lambda6731}$ = 1.47$\pm$0.19 for the narrow component and  1.13$\pm$0.08 for the broad
component, which yield  n$_e<$120 and   n$_e$=570$^{+260}_{-190}$
respectively. Therefore,  {\it the gas emitting the broad component is denser}.

\centerline{\bf Ionization mechanism}Two main mechanisms   can  ionize the gas:
1) AGN (active nucleus) photoionization 2) Shocks via    collisional ionization
of the gas and further radiative cooling and via the generation of a strong
ionizing UV continuum.  Which mechanism  is responsible for the emission of
the narrow and the broad components resolved in PKS2250-41?

	The diagnostic diagram [OIII]$\lambda$5007/$\lambda$4363 vs. HeII/H$\beta$ provides a strong method to discriminate between
AGN
and shock models [3].  We have compared  the measured values for the line ratios of
the broad and narrow components with the model predictions (see Fig.~1).    Notice the clear separation between the two kinematic components due to
the low [OIII]$\lambda$5007/$\lambda$4363 (high T$_e$) and faintness of the
HeII emission of the broad component. The AGN photoionization models
 predict too high
[OIII]5007/4363 ratios ({\it i.e.}  low electron
temperatures) and do not appear in the diagram. Adding matter bounded models
can make the position of the narrow component  consistent with AGN models [6]. However these cannot explain the line ratios of the broad component, which on the other
hand is consistent with shock (radiative cooling) models. Therefore, the line ratios
of the broad component suggest that
it  {\it represents collisionally ionized gas which is
cooling behind a shock front}. The line ratios of the {\it narrow component
suggest that it has been ionized by a strong UV continuum} (AGN and/or shock
generated).

\begin{figure}
\special{psfile=Fig1.ps hoffset=100. voffset=-170. hscale=25. vscale=25.}
\vspace{2in}
\caption{[OIII]$\lambda$5007/[OIII]$\lambda$4363
{\it vs.}  HeII/H$\beta$.  The broad   (open circle) and the narrow
(solid triangle) components are clearly separated in this diagram.
 Dashed lines: shock models (shocked
gas cooling
radiatively). Dotted lines: Shock models (adding  the contribution of
ionization by the UV shock continuum).}
\end{figure}

\section{Discussion}

		Hydrodynamical models for an advancing jet in a gaseous medium show
that the shocked gas is compressed and accelerated and the temperature
raised. The gas will be collisionally
ionized  and will then cool   radiatively.

	All the properties of the broad component are
consistent with it being shocked gas: Higher temperature and density
--$>$ heating and compression.
Low ionization level --$>$ compression and/or shock ionization. High
velocities --$>$acceleration. Faint HeII and high temperature --$>$ shock ionization. On the other hand,
the   narrow component  is probably ambient gas whose properties can be explained in terms of
pure gravitational motions and photoionization by a
hard continuum source. This gas has not interacted with the radio jet.

\section{Conclusions}

We have studied the effects of the interactions between the radio jet and
the ambient gas in PKS2250-41. The results provide clues to understanding
the observed properties of many distant
radio galaxies.

We have resolved  kinematically the emission from the gas interacting
with the radio jet and the emission from the non shocked ambient gas.
The very different properties of these two gaseous components
show the important effects of the interaction on the physical, morphological,
ionization and kinematic properties of the gas.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Depending on the area that you live in and the local building codes, the straw bale walls can either support the roof directly (load bearing) or the roof can be supported by a post-and-beam structure. There are many ways to construct a straw bale or green home. I chose a post-and-beam structure because it was required by code in this area. The advantage of this approach is that the roof can be completed before the straw bales are stacked. This will help to protect the bales from rain during construction. The advantage of a load-bearing straw bale wall is that the vertical posts are eliminated from the construction process, thus saving some wood.
This particular post-and-beam system uses 4x4" vertical wooden posts that are capped with a 4x8" beam. This beam was made from two 2x8s nailed together. A box beam, which is a hollow beam constructed on site, can also be used, in addition to engineered structural lumber (laminated lumber or wood I-beams). The roof framing sits upon the beam and the posts transfer the load to the foundation. Metal brackets anchor the posts to the foundation. The straw bales are used as infill and do not carry the load of the roof.
With a 4x8 beam, our structural engineer calculated that the posts could be placed up to 8 feet apart. This span is often much less due to the need for vertical posts around doors and larger windows. The posts are positioned to the outside of the wall and the bales are notched around each post. Posts can also be positioned inside the bales themselves, thus avoiding the need to notch the bales. This approach will require a bit more engineering for the roof due to the overhang over the bales and beyond the wall.
Steel can also be used for framing. The first straw bale post office constructed in the U.S. is located a couple of miles down the street from this home. It uses steel-stud wall construction with the bales placed on the outside for insulation. Wall board was then used to finish the interior walls. Again, there are multiple ways to approach the structural framing. Always check with the local experts as to what system is best for your project.
Pre-engineered roof trusses were used to frame the steeply-pitched roof. To create a pre-engineered truss, the specifications of the roof (the pitch and the depth required for insulation) are given to a truss manufacturer, who will then engineer, manufacturer, and deliver the trusses to you. The advantage of this system is that the truss can be made with smaller dimensional lumber, thus saving trees. In this home, the pre-engineered truss were made entirely from 2x4s. Each truss was light enough to be carried by two people, which made the assembly very easy.
In the next post, more on the construction process of this straw bale green home.


Researchiing and identifying sales opportunities and generating leads.
Reaching out to new customers and making presentations and pitching our services.
Understanding client requirements and proposing solutions to meet their needs.
Ability to build and maintain lasting relationships with customers.


As one of the main precursors of graphene-related materials, Graphene Oxide (GO) has sparked a heightened interest in a wide range of applications. Critical for these applications are the type of oxygen bond and its spatial distribution on the individual GO sheets. This distribution is not yet well understood. Few techniques offer a resolution high enough to unambiguously identify oxygen configuration. In this work, we provide a novel and label-free spectroscopic technique to map functional group distributions on GO, with higher spatial resolution and chemical specificity using AFM-based infrared nanospectroscopy (AFM-IR). Overcoming conventional IR diffraction limit, the new technique can obtain high spatial resolution at a nanometric level as well as chemical maps that are coupled to topography.We have directly observed oxygen bonding preferentially on areas where graphene is folded, in discrete domains and on edges of GO. lts have interesting implications. Determining atomic position and configuration from precise imaging offers the possibility to link nanoscale structure and composition with material function, paving the way for targeted tethering of ions, polymers and biomaterials.
Zilong Liu is currently an PhD student of Department of Chemistry at the University of Copenhagen. He is primarily interested in characterizing and investigating properties of atomically thin materials such as graphene, carbon nanotube. He received his M.S. degree in Materials Science and Engineering from China University of Petroleum (2015) where he used the Molecular Dynamics and DFT calculations to study the self-assembly of functionalized graphene and its gas adsorption and separation effect. His awards include Outstanding Master Graduation Thesis of Shandong Province (2016), Outstanding Master Graduate Students of Shandong Province (2015), One of 'Ten Outstanding Academic Students' in China University of Petroleum (2014).


While Dracula lived in this castle in Bram Stoker's famous novel Dracula, I am sadden to make an announcement. Dracula: He is not a real person.
The real Dracula went by the name of Vlad Tepes, and he was born in Transylvania. No he didn't drink blood, but he id have a very interesting history.


text:
Sterling Toilet Replacement Parts
Sterling Toilet Replacement Parts are fully-furnished, household-kind automobiles, that can be used for a extended distance drive from one town to a further town. This is a war, she says, "with so quite a few casualties that we ought to call it by its true name, this war with so a lot of dead by police, by violent ex-husbands and partners and lovers, by people pursuing power and profit at the point of a gun or just shooting initially and figuring out who they hit later." To get to the root of these American crises, she contends that "to acknowledge this state of war is to admit the need for peace," countering the despair of our age with a dose of solidarity, creativity, and hope.
American Horror Story is an anthological miniseries that tracks a distinct terrifying tale of Americana each and every season. Through a series of daring escapades deep within a dark and dangerous criminal underworld, Han Solo befriends his mighty future copilot Chewbacca and meets the notorious gambler Lando Calrissian, in a journey that will set the course of one of the Star Wars saga's most unlikely heroes.
Read More – Cracked Windshield Repair Cost
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American Horror Story is an anthological miniseries that tracks a distinct terrifying tale of Americana every season. By means of a series of daring escapades deep within a dark and harmful criminal underworld, Han Solo befriends his mighty future copilot Chewbacca and meets the notorious gambler Lando Calrissian, in a journey that will set the course of a single of the Star Wars saga's most unlikely heroes.
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As brought to life in the bestselling Summoner series, the magic of summoning is also an art, with a story of its own. This gripping, stranger-than-fiction espionage thriller brings to life the remarkable correct story of Moe Berg, the qualified baseball player who became a Globe War II spy. In this new chapter of the Saxon Tales series—a rousing adventure of courage, treachery, duty, devotion, majesty, like and battle, as observed by way of the eyes of a warrior straddling two worlds—Uhtred returns to fight once once more for the destiny of England.
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Ninth Circuit Confirms Righthaven LLC Lacked Standing to Bring Copyright Infringement Claims
PSMN®
In what appears to be the conclusion to the saga that was the Righthaven LLC copyright troll experiment (see past posts here), the Ninth Circuit affirmed the District Court's determination that Righthaven lacked standing to sue for copyright infringement in Righthaven LLC v. Hoehn, No. 11-16751. As the Ninth Circuit confirmed, a plaintiff must have more than a bare right to sue in order to have standing.
As we discussed two years ago, Righthaven LLC was set up to acquire copyrights from various entities and then sue alleged infringers who used any or all of the copyrighted works. In particular, Righthaven purported to obtain assignments from the Las Vegas Review-Journal. However, these assignments were nothing more than a bare right to sue with restrictions. Righthaven obtained no right to exploit the copyrights or obtain any royalties. Instead, the paper retained essentially every meaningful right associated with the copyright, including an exclusive license, the right to veto any potential copyright litigation, the right to receive proceeds from any litigation, and the right to revert ownership back to itself should it choose.
Nonetheless, Righthaven proceeded to sue hundreds of individuals who used some or all of these copyrighted works. Eventually, as the result of discovery and inquiries by the Court, the true nature of Righthaven's rights became apparent. At that point, the District Court determined that Righthaven was not, in fact, the true owner of the copyright and dismissed Righthaven's copyright claims. Righthaven appealed this determination to the Ninth Circuit, which affirmed.
Under the Copyright Act, only the "legal or beneficial owner of an exclusive right under a copyright" has standing to sue for infringement. 17 U.S.C. § 501(b). An assignment of a bare right to sue is not sufficient to confer standing. To determine whether a party has sufficient exclusive rights, courts are to look at the substance and effect of any contract purporting to assign ownership, rather than the words or labels given by the parties.
In this case, the Ninth Circuit found that Righthaven held none of the exclusive rights typically associated with a copyright owner. Instead, it only had a bare right to sue, which was insufficient to confer standing.
With this finding, it appears that the Righthaven experiment in copyright trolling is over. It will be interesting to see if others take up the mantle or whether this was a fleeting experiment.
Categories: Copyrights
Tags: appeal, copyright, copyright infringement, copyright litigation, intellectual property litigation


text:
Пограничное (ранее Ней-Денгоф, Новая Гололобовка; Ней-Гололобовка, Новое) — село Жирновского района Волгоградской области России, в составе Алёшниковского сельского поселения.

Основано в 1863 году как дочерняя колония Ней-Мессер ().

Население — .

Название
Название Ней-Мессер (Новый Мессер) получила по имени колонии выхода. Второе название — Лизандердорф — получила по имени управляющего Конторой иностранных поселенцев Ф. С. Лизандера.

История
Основано в 1863 году. Основатели из колонии Мессер. До 1917 года — немецкое лютеранское село сначала Сосновского колонистского округа, а после 1871 года Олешинской волости Камышинского уезда Саратовской губернии. Село относилось к евангелическому приходу Норка.

В 1863 году открылась церковно-приходская школа, в 1894 году — земская школа. Земли в 1910 году — 5257 десятин.

В советский период — немецкое село сначала Медведицкого района Голо-Карамышского уезда Трудовой коммуны (Области) немцев Поволжья; с 1922 — Медведицко-Крестово-Буеракского (в 1927 году переименован во Франкский) кантона Республики немцев Поволжья; административный центр Ней-Мессерского сельского совета (в 1926 году в сельсовет входило одно село Ней-Мессер).

Село пережило голод в Поволжье: в 1921 году родились 83 человек, умерло — 301.

В 1926 году существовала кооперативная лавка, начальная школа, передвижная библиотека. В годы коллективизации организован колхозы имени Яковлева. имени Кирова.

В 1927 году постановлением ВЦИК «Об изменениях в административном делении Автономной С. С. Р. Немцев Поволжья и о присвоении немецким селениям прежних наименований, существовавших до 1914 года» селу Пограничное, оно же Лизандердорф Франского кантона официально присвоено название Ней-Мессер.

В сентябре 1941 года немецкое население было депортировано. Село было передано Сталинградской области. Решением облисполкома от 31 марта 1944 года № 10 § 30 «О переименовании населённых пунктов Сталинградской области, носящих немецкие названия» село Ней-Мессер переименовано в село Пограничное.

Физико-географическая характеристика
Село расположено на северо-востоке Жирновского района, близ границы с Саратовской областью, в лесостепи, в пределах Приволжской возвышенности, являющейся частью Восточно-Европейской равнины, в верховьях реки Большая Копёнка. Рельеф местности — холмисто-равнинный, сильно пересечённый балками и оврагами. Почвы — чернозёмы южные и остаточно-карбонатные. Высота центра населённого пункта — 180 метров над уровнем моря.

По автомобильным дорогам расстояние до областного центра города Волгограда составляет 340 км, до районного центра города Жирновск — около 60 км, до административного центра сельского поселения (села Алёшники) — 19 км, до ближайшего крупного города Камышина — 160 км.

Часовой пояс

Население
Динамика численности населения по годам:

Примечания

Населённые пункты Жирновского района
Немецкие колонии в Поволжье


text:
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
{-# LANGUAGE RebindableSyntax #-}
{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
module Web.Stripe.Test.ApplicationFee where

import Test.Hspec
import Web.Stripe.Test.Prelude
import Web.Stripe.ApplicationFee
import Data.Either

applicationFeeTests :: StripeSpec
applicationFeeTests stripe = do
  describe "Application Fee tests" $ do
    it "Succesfully fails to retrieve an unknown application fee" $ do
      result <- stripe $ void $ getApplicationFee (FeeId "fee_unknown")
      result `shouldSatisfy` isLeft
    it "Succesfully retrieves all application fees" $ do
      result <- stripe $ void $ getApplicationFees
      result `shouldSatisfy` isRight

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
US Imposes New Sanctions on Iranian Airline, Shipping Networks
posted on Dec. 13, 2019 at 5:23 am
The Treasury Department on Dec. 11 imposed new sanctions on an Iranian airline as well as an Iranian shipping network involved in smuggling lethal aid to Yemen on behalf of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps-Quds Force (IRGC-QF).
The Treasurys Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) focused on three general sales agents of Mahan Air who were based in the United Arab Emirates and Hong Kong. The airline, which is the biggest carrier in Iran, was targeted for the role it played in weapons of mass destruction proliferation.
The U.S. government in November seized weapons that were smuggled on a small boat destined for Yemen. The sanctions, according to the Treasury Department, were the latest example of the government "cutting off all avenues for the delivery of weapons to Houthi rebels," according to a release.
"The Iranian regime uses its aviation and shipping industries to supply its regional terrorist and militant groups with weapons, directly contributing to the devastating humanitarian crises in Syria and Yemen," said Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin in a statement.
"Aviation and shipping industries should be vigilant and not allow their industries to be exploited by terrorists," Mnuchin added.
The Trump administration in April officially designated the IRGC as a foreign terrorist organization in a move that was both symbolic and unprecedented. Iran immediately condemned the move.
On Dec. 5, the United States accused Iranian security forces of killing potentially more than 1,000 people as part of a crackdown against recent protests in the country. The Pentagon, meanwhile, is considering whether to send additional U.S. troops to help combat the violent suppression. Widespread protests broke out in Iran on Nov. 15 after authorities announced a new petrol-rationing scheme that would see gasoline prices increase as much as 50 percent.
The new sanctions come just days after a weekend prisoner swap between the historic foes, a rare act of cooperation since President Donald Trump withdrew the United States from the 2015 Iran nuclear deal.
Iranian businessman Abdolhossein Khedri and his companies, Khedri Jahan Darya Co. and Maritime Silk Road LLC, were also sanctioned for alleged shipping operations on behalf of the IRGC-QF.
Mahan Air has previously been blacklisted for alleged support provided to the IRGC-QF, Hezbollah, and Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, according to a Treasury Department statement. The IRGC-QF has for years used Khedri and firms under his control to support maritime weapons smuggling operations.
The Treasury sanctions freeze any U.S. assets of those targeted and prohibit Americans from doing busRead More – Source
Italian watchdog to investigate potential data breach linked to 5Stars
Congress Racing the Clock to Reach Compromise on Federal Spending


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Dr Who Series 10 Episode 11: World Enough and Time – Review (9.5/10)
June 25, 2017 June 26, 2017 Christopher James 0 Comments Doctor Who
The World Enough and Time is a slow burn of an episode, but with a terrific pay off and a reveal that leads into what is probably going to be the most anticipated episode of Doctor Who yet. There's very little action in this episode, but it's not needed. The suspense in this episode is ratcheted up with every second, from the prologue to the final reveal the viewer is left sitting on the edge of their seat, wondering how The Doctor will save the day.
Wow. Doctor Who does not disappoint. We have seen throughout this series the growth of Missy's character, from an enigmatic prisoner within a vault to an anti-hero making an honest attempt at being good.
Of course, since this is the penultimate episode of the series, along with being the first part of a two-part arc, there will be some major character changes and that means some major spoilers.
***Spoilers***
One of the few things that I disliked about this episode didn't have anything to do with the episode at all. It had of course to do with promotions. We knew going into this episode that two things were going to happen: that this would be the last series involving Peter Capaldi's doctor, and that John Simm would be returning to the show as The Master. Of course we've known for quite some time that Peter Capaldi would not be returning after the series, and we weren't entirely sure if he would stay on for one more Christmas special, or if next week's episode would be his last. Which, since the cat has been out of the bag for the better part of a year, it's probably why they decided to open the episode with the prologue of Peter Capaldi beginning his regeneration. As far as opening scenes go this is a great one. If you had been living under a rock for the last year and a half you might actually have been surprised, which I think was the intention when Steven Moffat wrote the episode. However, since I knew that Capaldi would not be returning, instead of this being a shocking moment designed to put me in suspense, I found myself thinking "huh, so that's how it's going to happen." To put it bluntly, because of the press surrounding Peter Capaldi's exit my reaction to his regeneration in the prologue was clinical, rather than emotional. Of course, there is still one secret that hasn't been revealed, and that is who will be playing the next doctor. Presumably will find this out at the end of next week's episode.
Because it had already been announced that John Simm would be returning to the show, I found myself looking for him. Which, to be perfectly honest took me out of the episode a little bit. Again, this is not the fault of the Doctor Who production staff in anyway, and I'm not going to review the episode harsher for it. The blame for this rests solely on the shoulders of somebody in the BBC marketing department, who for whatever reason decided to let us know that Simm would be returning.
All of this leads me to the greatest surprise in the episode, one that completely blindsided me: the death of Bill. I want to say that it was a bold choice, and if her death had been permanent it clearly would have been. But her death is simply a vehicle for the reintroduction of the Mondasian Cybermen. And, it's still actually a pretty good choice. Yes, deaths that aren't permanent in any sort of writing are bad and should be avoided, but this one at least furthered the plot in a meaningful way. So, although I would have to take points off for Bills "death" I'm not taking off too many.
To be perfectly honest, this episode is already so dark that had Bill's death been real, especially in the first 15 minutes of the episode, I think it would've been downright pitch black.
One of the things that is truly excellent about this episode is the melding of accurate science (relatively speaking) with the structure of the episode. The Doctor does an excellent job of explaining the effects of gravity near a black hole, and this plot device necessary for the structure of this episode happens to combine brilliantly with the actual science. Assuming somehow a society were able to build a 400 mile long ship, the end that was closest to the black hole will experience time much much more slowly. And of course, this is exactly what happens.
One thing that was a little jarring was the amount of time between when The Doctor begins to explain their predicament and when The Doctor is allowed to finish. And I think this was a conscious choice by Stephan Moffett, because he wanted to put the view were in Bill's shoes. We are left in a cliffhanger, mid sentence and then we cut directly to Bill. The vast majority of the episode of follows Bill as she goes from waking up in this draconian hospital to being one of its employees. Each new revelation that Bill experiences is slow, drawn out, and methodical. Nothing is rushed in this episode, and nothing needs to be. It's the kind a slow burn that still leaves you on the edge of your seat for the better part of an hour.
When The Doctor finally begins to make his way to the lower levels of the ship, where Bill has spent the better part of a decade waiting for him, it is when the episode truly turns sinister. Again, this episode has slowly been building to the revelation that the poor souls in this hospital are nascent Cybermen. And it would've been fun to have watched the episode and be constantly guessing who these people covered in bandages are. Again, we have the promotions department at BBC to blame for this.
The biggest reveal, the one that I had been actively searching for came as a bit of a surprise. I had been wondering when John Simm's Master would show up for the entire episode, but I didn't realize who he was until his confrontation with Missy. The reveal was brilliant, not only from the technical aspect (the production did a great job of hiding Simm's face) but because of the story implications it presents. As The Master explains to Missy, The Doctor will never forgive her after he learns what they've done to his companion.
What more is there to say about this episode? It's one of the best in the series, only slightly behind Extremis. I can't wait to see the conclusion to this story. The main question is about Missy: will she side with The Master or will she side with The Doctor? Either way it will have serious implications for the future of the show.
← Dr Who Series 10 Episode 10: The Eaters of Light – Review (9/10)
TPK 054: Star Trek DS9 and Voyager →
Doctor Who Series 10 Episode 8: The Lie of the Land – Review (7/10)
June 4, 2017 Christopher James 0
106: Dr. Who Series 11
October 22, 2018 Christopher James 0
TPK 034: Dr Who Christmas Special (2016)
January 22, 2017 Christopher James 0
Dr Who Series 10 Episode 11: The Doctor Falls – Review (10/10) | TPK Media
[…] We've known that this would be her last season for quite a while, thanks again to the BBC Promotions Department, and her exit from the show left a little bit of a hole. Will she regenerate (even though The […]


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text:
package com.flying.promotion.javatuning.producer_consumer;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

/**
 * Created by Joseph on 7/26/2016.
 */
public class Producer implements Runnable{
    private AtomicInteger integer = new AtomicInteger(0);
    private BlockingDeque queue;
    public Producer(BlockingDeque queue){
        this.queue = queue;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            if(queue.size() > 10){
                try {
//                    wait();
                    System.out.println("已经生产满了,等会再生产!");
                    Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(1000));
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    return;
                }
            }else {
                System.out.println("Produce" + integer.addAndGet(1));
                queue.add(integer);
            }
//            notifyAll();
        }
    }
}